tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Current understanding of multi‐species biofilms
Authors: Liang Yang, Yang Liu, Hong Wu, Niels Høiby, Søren Molin, Zhi‐jun Song
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2011)

Direct observation of a wide range of natural microorganisms has revealed the fact that the majority of microbes persist as surface‐attached communities surrounded by matrix materials, called biofilms. Biofilms can be formed by a single bacterial strain. However, most natural biofilms are actually formed by multiple bacterial species. Conventional methods for bacterial cleaning, such as applications of antibiotics and/or disinfectants are often ineffective for biofilm populations due to their special physiology and physical matrix barrier. It has been estimated that billions of dollars are spent every year worldwide to deal with damage to equipment, contaminations of products, energy losses, and infections in human beings resulted from microbial biofilms. Microorganisms compete, cooperate, and communicate with each other in multi‐species biofilms. Understanding the mechanisms of multi‐species biofilm formation will facilitate the development of methods for combating bacterial biofilms in clinical, environmental, industrial, and agricultural areas. The most recent advances in the understanding of multi‐species biofilms are summarized and discussed in the review.
Increase in hepatitis A in tourists from Denmark, England, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden returning from Egypt, November 2012 to March 2013
Authors: E MacDonald, A Steens, K Stene-Johansen, S Gillesberg Lassen, S  E Midgley, J Lawrence, J Crofts, S L Ngui, K Balogun, C Frank, M Faber, M Gertler, L Verhoef, M Koopmans, J Sane, W van Pelt, L Sundqvist, L Vold
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Since November 2012, there has been an increase in reported cases of hepatitis A in tourists returning from Egypt in several European countries. As of 24 April, 80 HAV cases in travellers with symptom onset after 1 November 2012 visiting different areas in Egypt have been reported. Four cases from Norway, six cases from the Netherlands and five cases from England share an identical hepatitis A viral RNA sequence. This increase in cases suggests that vaccination recommendations for travellers to hepatitis A endemic countries should be reinforced.
Letter: Variability in response to drugs.
Authors: J K Morrice
Journal: BMJ (1974)

syvmpathetic afferent fibres or Bi receptor sites in the lung which are known to stimulate ADH secretion.3The involvement of the vagus nerve by a bronchogenic carcinoma and associated inappropriate ADH secretion is described by Bower et al.6However, they were also able to substantiate the antidiuretic activity of the tumour and postulated this and the possibility of dis- tortion of vagal afferent impulses as a cause of inappropriate ADH secretion in their patient.The stress of the acute disease may also play a part, though the ADH response to stress has not been shown to be sus- stained.3-Iam, etc.,
The 800-nm diode laser in the treatment of leg veins: Assessment at 6 months
Authors: Mario A. Trelles, Ines Allones, Javier Álvarez, Mariano Vélez, Manuel Martín-Vázquez, Oswaldo R. Trelles, Ricardo Luna, Carmen Buil, Serge R. Mordon
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Effects of Vascular-Endothelial Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibition on Breast Cancer Vasculature and Metastatic Progression
Authors: Shom Goel, Nisha Gupta, Brian P. Walcott, Matija Snuderl, Cristina T. Kesler, Nathaniel D. Kirkpatrick, Takahiro Heishi, Yuhui Huang, John D. Martin, Eleanor Ager, Rekha Samuel, Shuhan Wang, John Yazbek, Benjamin J. Vakoc, Randall T. Peterson, Timothy P. Padera, Dan G. Duda, Dai Fukumura, Rakesh K. Jain
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

The solid tumor microvasculature is characterized by structural and functional abnormality and mediates several deleterious aspects of tumor behavior. Here we determine the role of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), which deactivates endothelial cell (EC) Tie-2 receptor tyrosine kinase, thereby impairing maturation of tumor vessels.AKB-9778 is a first-in-class VE-PTP inhibitor. We examined its effects on ECs in vitro and on embryonic angiogenesis in vivo using zebrafish assays. We studied the impact of AKB-9778 therapy on the tumor vasculature, tumor growth, and metastatic progression using orthotopic models of murine mammary carcinoma as well as spontaneous and experimental metastasis models. Finally, we used endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-deficient mice to establish the role of eNOS in mediating the effects of VE-PTP inhibition. All statistical tests were two-sided.AKB-9778 induced ligand-independent Tie-2 activation in ECs and impaired embryonic zebrafish angiogenesis. AKB-9778 delayed the early phase of mammary tumor growth by maintaining vascular maturity (P < .01, t test); slowed growth of micrometastases (P < .01, χ(2) test) by preventing extravasation of tumor cells (P < 0.01, Fisher exact test), resulting in a trend toward prolonged survival (27.0 vs 36.5 days; hazard ratio of death = 0.33, 95% confidence interval = 0.11 to 1.03; P = .05, Mantel-Cox test); and stabilized established primary tumor blood vessels, enhancing tumor perfusion (P = .03 for 4T1 tumor model and 0.05 for E0771 tumor model, by two-sided t tests) and, hence, radiation response (P < .01, analysis of variance; n = 7 mice per group). The effects of AKB-9778 on tumor vessels were mediated in part by endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation.Our results demonstrate that pharmacological VE-PTP inhibition can normalize the structure and function of tumor vessels through Tie-2 activation, which delays tumor growth, slows metastatic progression, and enhances response to concomitant cytotoxic treatments.
CONTRACEPTION AMONG TWO THOUSAND PRIVATE OBSTETRIC PATIENTS
Authors: ALAN F. GUTTMACHER
Journal: JAMA (1949)

In this survey of 2000 private obstetric patients regarding their contraceptive history and practice the attempt was made to determine the following: 1) what percentage of the deliveries of this group were the result of planned pregnancies; 2) what methods of contraception had the patients used; 3) what is the relative effectiveness of the methods used; and 4) how long did it take for the patients to become pregnant after discontinuing contraceptive use. The data was collected on a 33 column code sheet with the information taken from the 2000 consecutive obstetric histories taken at the initial office visit, usually at the 8th or 9th week of pregnancy. Over 99% of the patients were white. Over 85% of the women were between the ages of 20 and 35 and 60% were Jewish. About 30% of the husbands were professional men; 23% were business owners or executives; 38% were white collar workers; and 10% were manual workers. Of the 2000 pregnant women 64% had stopped using contraception with the plan of becoming pregnant; 18.7% became pregnant while still using contraception; and 17.4% became pregnant without using contraception and without indicating an intention to become pregnant. The condom and diaphragm represented 85% of the total contraceptives used, and the relative effectiveness of these methods as used by this group was approximately the same and more effective than the other methods used. 3/5 of the planned pregnancies occurred within 3 months and more than 9/10 within 1 year from the time contraception was discontinued. On the basis of this data it appears that physicians should change their practice and become concerned with a couple's reproductive problems at 1 year, rather than waiting until inability to conceive has continued for 2 years.
Primary Care for Women
Authors: Philip R. Alper
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  That obstetricians and gynecologists are primary care physicians for many women is a well-known fact in everyday medical practice. This reader is therefore confused by Pearson's statement that it seems clear that a decision must be made to include the obstetrician and gynecologist as a primary physician, to assure accessibility of continuing care for the female population. Such already is the case.  But Pearson leaves aside the question of whether this established practice should simply be continued or actively encouraged. Apparently, the American Board of Medical Specialties and the Association of American Medical Colleges have their doubts. (The American Medical Association, on the other hand, is willing to consider obstetrics and gynecology as a primary care area for existential reasons—perhaps as a way of answering critics who assert the existence of a primary care crisis.)  Let us acknowledge that the fall in birthrates, the relative oversupply of
Unusual Form of Ectopia Testis
Authors: T. C. Skinner
Journal: BMJ (1943)

try and stick it out."He said he suffered from aches and pains in his back and legs, especially in the muscles of the calf and in both knee-joints.He also had a severe frontal headache.He said that he had had rheumatic fever eleven years previously, and since then had suffered almost every year from similar attacks.In civilian life he went to bed and was attended by his doctor; the last attack was two years previously.On examination his temperature was 104.8' and his pulse 120.The only physical sign detected was a soft
Intracavernous Papaverine and Glaucoma
Authors: Douglas A. Swartz
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Intracavernous penile injection of papaverine hydrochloride has been used increasingly to induce erections in impotent patients. The drug is used alone or in combination with phentolamine. The dose of papaverine (15 to 80 mg) is individually tailored and prescribed for self-injection. The manufacturers of papaverine (Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, Ind, and Marion Laboratories Inc, Kansas City, Mo) warn in the product information package insert andPhysicians' Desk Referenceto use the drug with caution in patients with glaucoma. Because many of our patients have glaucoma, we investigated the precaution.  A thorough literature search yielded no support for the warning. Basic pharmacology texts do not explain a potential mechanism. Personal communication with the medical services divisions of manufacturers provided no clues. They were uncertain of the statement's origin and could provide no data except for one case report filed through the Food and Drug Administration's adverse drug
Medicinal Uses of Marijuana
Authors: Thomas J. O'Connell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 December 1997Medicinal Uses of MarijuanaThomas J. O'Connell, MDThomas J. O'Connell, MDDaly City, CA 94015Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Voth and Schwartz's perspective on medicinal use of marijuana [1] is significant for several reasons. Most disturbing to me is that it represents a departure from principle by a medical journal.The federal government responded to “medical marijuana” by threatening physicians. Unlike Jerome Kassirer, in his straight-forward editorial objection in The New England Journal of Medicine[2], you've chosen to obliquely endorse marijuana prohibition by publishing a slanted review article by two of marijuana's most infamous doctrinaire opponents.Anyone unaware that the politics of this issue have overshadowed science for six decades is not in touch with reality. ...References1. Voth EA, Schwartz RH. Medicinal applications of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and marijuana. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:791-8. Google Scholar2. Kassirer JP. Federal foolishness and marijuana [Editorial]. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336:366-7. Google Scholar3. Hollister LE. Health aspects of cannabis. Pharmacol Rev. 1986; 38:1-20. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Daly City, CA 94015 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 12Page: 1134KeywordsFearMarijuanaSafetyTouchToxicity Issue Published: 15 December 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Poisoning by Picrotoxin.
Authors: Almerin W. Baer
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Chicago, July 11, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, July 2, is an editorial on poisoning by picrotoxin which is very misleading. (In an ordinary journal write-up it would cause little harm; but an editorial writer is supposed to be posted on his subject.) The stomachs examined by the original author had been deluged with cheap beer, in which malt and hops had been charily used. In their stead had been used a surrogate composed principally of quassia, gentian, colocynth, aloes, wormwood and<i>Cocculus indicus</i>. It is thus easy to see where the picrotoxin found in the stomachs of persons dying of acute alcoholism came from. To allow your readers to make statements and giveThe Journalas authority on this subject, as presented by you, would make both appear ridiculous, is why I attempt to correct it. [Note.—We are unable to see in what way our editorial
Ketotifen in adult asthma.
Authors: K Prowse
Journal: BMJ (1980)

assess this.We should be told how many patients receiving long-term anti-inflammatory therapy were examined in order to find the 249 patients who had no gastric lesions at the initial endoscopy, incorrectly named the pretreatment endoscopy.If few were rejected this would support the view that the lesions are often transient.We do not accept the authors' reasons for not including a control group, and would suggest the use of paracetamol in a group with osteoarthrosis.This is an important area of work in which much more information is required, but we would reluctantly question the conclusions drawn by these workers.Further studies of better design should be undertaken.
Can We Skip Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients Who Have Microinvasive Breast Cancer?
Authors: B. Ko, J. Seo, S. Kwon, Y. Lee, W. Lim, J. Lee, H. Kim, M. Jang, B. Ku, B. Son, S. Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Sentinel lymph node(SLN) biopsy in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) was controversial. We may skip SLN biopsy when we performed conserving operation with small sized DCIS. But sometimes we can find DCIS with micro-invasive breast cancer (MIC) after operation. Should another operation be performed? We determined the incidence of positive axillary lymph node (ALNs) in patients with MIC, and the predictive factors of ALNs metastasis in these patients. Methods: Between July 1989 and January 2008, 9046 patients had operations performed on invasive breast cancers at Asan Medical Center. From July1989 to February 2003, ALND was performed to surgically stage the axilla. Since May 2003, SNB has been routinely performed for all cases. Patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those who had no identifiable ALNs at surgery were excluded from the study. We retrospectively checked clinical and pathologic variables including diagnosis, patient demographics, size of DCIS, grade, multi-focal lesion, hormone receptor status, lymphatic invasion status etc. Results: 265 patients were identified with microinvasive (pathologic stage T1mic) breast cancer. Among these patients, 12 patients didn't have ALN study. 2 patients had bilateral MIC. The research was conducted on the remaining 255 cases. There were 13 cases of ALN metastases identified in this group of patients(5%). Young age (p=0.006), multifocal lesion (p=0.040) and lymphatic invasion (p&amp;lt;0.0001) were predictive factors for ALN metastases. There was no incidence of metastatic ALNs among the old age (≥50) patients of this group. Conclusion: As the incidence of ALN metastases in MIC patients is very small, particularly in those who had no lymphatic invasion, single lesion and among old age patients. So we think conservative treatment is one of the available options for these patients. However, due to the size of the subject group in this study, it needs to be validated through extensive prospective research. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1019.
THE CAUSE OF CHRONIC NEPHRITIS-Reply
Authors: Francis D. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Obviously our confession of lack of exact information concerning the factors which may influence chronicity leaves us in no position to reject a practical suggestion. However, before we accept the view that obstructive lesions play an important role in retarding the healing of nephritis, as mentioned in the communication, it would seem necessary not only to observe such lesions in a series of cases of unhealed nephritis but to show that such lesions impaired healing. We are not aware of this kind of a study. In too few of our cases to settle the point in question urologic investigations were made and no obstructive lesions were found. It is not contended that they were searched for, but since the work was done by competent urologists we do not believe that significant lesions were overlooked. Since obstructive lesions are not infrequently found in pyelonephritis, their presence would bring
Depressed cell-mediated immunity in coeliac disease.
Authors: B B Scott, M S Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1976)

Fourteen coeliac patients on a gluten free diet (GFD) and 10 on a normal diet were studied by lymphocyte transformation in response to PHA to assess the integrity of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Transformation was depressed in the majority taking a normal diet, with improvement after a GFD. In some patients the depression may have been due to a serum factor, as transformation was more nearly normal when the lymphocytes were cultured in pooled AB serum than in their own serum. There was no correlation between transformation and nutritional deficiencies. Mantoux tests were performed in some of these and other coeliac patients and there was a very significant reduction in the incidence of positive tests compared with controls. These findings provide evidence of depressed CMI in coeliac patients taking a normal diet with improvement on a GFD and may be of relevance to the high risk of malignancy in coeliac disease, further strengthening the case for a strict GFD.
Chemotaxis and activation of human peripheral blood eosinophils induced by pollen-associated lipid mediators
Authors: Sabine G. Plötz, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Ivo Feussner, Anna Kasche, Alexandra Feser, Johannes Ring, Thilo Jakob, Heidrun Behrendt
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Mortality and causes of death in a Swedish series of systemic sclerosis patients
Authors: R. Hesselstrand, A. Scheja, A. Akesson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To analyse survival rates and the causes of death in a systemic sclerosis (SSc) population, and to evaluate the occurrence of fatal malignant neoplasms and their possible association with oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) treatment. <h3>METHODS</h3> Survival was calculated for 249 SSc patients followed up for up to 13 years. Mean (SD) follow up was 5.8 (4.2) years. The 49 deceased patients were subdivided according to causes of death and its relation to SSc. Fatal malignancies in CYC treated patients were compared with those occurring in non-CYC treated patients. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The overall 5 and 10 year survival rates were 86% and 69% respectively. There was a 4.6-fold increased risk of death, as compared with the general population. Prognosis was worse in the diffuse cutaneous involvement (dSSc) and male subgroups than in the limited cutaneous involvement (lSSc) and female subgroups. Of the 49 deaths, 24 were attributable to pulmonary complications such as pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pneumonia or pulmonary malignancy. Treatment with oral CYC did not increase the risk of dying of cancer. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Mortality is increased both in the SSc population as a whole and in its different subsets (dSSc and lSSc). Prognosis is worst among male patients with dSSc. However, the 5 year survival rate was better than those reported from earlier studies. Most patients die of cardiopulmonary disease. Five of seven fatal lung cancers were adenocarcinomas, possibly caused by chronic inflammatory disease of the lung. In this study, CYC treatment was not associated with an increased incidence of fatal malignant neoplasms.
Goiter of the Newborn
Authors: Charles S. Petty, Robert L. DiBenedetto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN the past few years, iodine, usually in the form of iodides, has been implicated as an etiologic agent in certain goiters of the adult.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 So-called "congenital" goiter, or goiter of the newborn, has been the subject of many reports. Since we do not propose to review the literature concerning goiter of the newborn, the reader is directed to the paper of Bongiovanni et al.,8 which surveys much of the available literature. In some cases the thyroid gland has been sufficiently enlarged to cause airway obstruction and death by suffocation. In others the tracheal compression has been somewhat less marked . . .
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Is Characterized by Dynamic Impairment of Active Relaxation and Contraction of the Left Ventricle on Exercise and Associated With Myocardial Energy Deficiency
Authors: Thanh T. Phan, Khalid Abozguia, Ganesh Nallur Shivu, Gnanadevan Mahadevan, Ibrar Ahmed, Lynne Williams, Girish Dwivedi, Kiran Patel, Paul Steendijk, Houman Ashrafian, Anke Henning, Michael Frenneaux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
A SURVEY OF IGHTHYOSIS VULGARIS IN ISRAEL
Authors: L. ZIPRKOWSKI, A. FEINSTEIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

SUMMARY.— Three hundred and sixty‐six patients with ichthyosis vulgaris were examined, including 229 with X‐linked recessive ichthyosis (X.L.I.) and 137 with autosomal dominant ichthyosis (A.D.I.), among the Jewish population of Israel. The minimal incidence of the disease in this population is about 1:6500. The disease affected the various ethnic groups differently; among Iraqi Jews there were cases only of X.L.I, compared with only A.D.I, among Indian Jews. The disease appeared in both forms in 95% of cases before 5 years of age, and half of the cases showed improvement in the course of time; 80%‐95% of the patients noted improvement in the summer months. A family history of "atopy" was found only in about a third of cases of A.D.I, and in none of those with X.L.I. The most pronounced clinical features of the disease were found over the anterior aspect of the legs, and equally in both forms. Follicular keratosis of the arms and hyperkeratosis with prominent creases of the palms and soles were found only in A.D.I. The histological findings were diagnostic, especially in those areas where the scaling was obvious, and thus it is recommended to biopsy the anterior shin region. The histology in X.L.I, showed compact laminated hyperkeratosis, with thickening of the granular layer; whereas, in A.D.I., the hyperkeratosis was usually of basket‐weave type, with a thin or absent granular layer. The sweat glands were normal in structure and number in both forms, while the sebaceous glands were absent only in cases of A.D.I.