tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dose-Intensive Response-Based Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Children and Adolescents With Newly Diagnosed Intermediate-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group Study AHOD0031
Authors: Debra L. Friedman, Lu Chen, Suzanne Wolden, Allen Buxton, Kathleen McCarten, Thomas J. FitzGerald, Sandra Kessel, Pedro A. De Alarcon, Allen R. Chen, Nathan Kobrinsky, Peter Ehrlich, Robert E. Hutchison, Louis S. Constine, Cindy L. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The Children's Oncology Group study AHOD0031, a randomized phase III study, was designed to evaluate the role of early chemotherapy response in tailoring subsequent therapy in pediatric intermediate-risk Hodgkin lymphoma. To avoid treatment-associated risks that compromise long-term health and to maintain high cure rates, dose-intensive chemotherapy with limited cumulative doses was used.Patients received two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone (ABVE-PC) followed by response evaluation. Rapid early responders (RERs) received two additional ABVE-PC cycles, followed by complete response (CR) evaluation. RERs with CR were randomly assigned to involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) or no additional therapy; RERs with less than CR were nonrandomly assigned to IFRT. Slow early responders (SERs) were randomly assigned to receive two additional ABVE-PC cycles with or without two cycles of dexamethasone, etoposide, cisplatin, and cytarabine (DECA). All SERs were assigned to receive IFRT.Among 1,712 eligible patients, 4-year event-free survival (EFS) was 85.0%: 86.9% for RERs and 77.4% for SERs (P < .001). Four-year overall survival was 97.8%: 98.5% for RERs and 95.3% for SERs (P < .001). Four-year EFS was 87.9% versus 84.3% (P = .11) for RERs with CR who were randomly assigned to IFRT versus no IFRT, and 86.7% versus 87.3% (P = .87) for RERs with positron emission tomography (PET) -negative results at response assessment. Four-year EFS was 79.3% versus 75.2% (P = .11) for SERs who were randomly assigned to DECA versus no DECA, and 70.7% versus 54.6% (P = .05) for SERs with PET-positive results at response assessment.This trial demonstrated that early response assessment supported therapeutic titration (omitting radiotherapy in RERs with CR; augmenting chemotherapy in SERs with PET-positive disease). Strategies directed toward improved response assessment and risk stratification may enhance tailoring of treatment to patient characteristics and response.
Trichinosis Among Thais Living in New York City
Authors: Pascal James Imperato
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Two outbreaks of trichinosis occurred among recent Thai immigrants to New York City. The first outbreak occurred in 1971 and involved three members of one family who had eaten raw pork. The second outbreak occurred in 1973 and affected 20 individuals, all of whom had eaten portions of the same raw pork preparation. In Thailand, raw pork dishes are commonly eaten but, owing to the absence of the infection in domestic swine, human trichinosis is rare. Thai immigrants, who are unaware of the dangers of eating raw pork in this country, are a high-risk group for trichinosis.
Soluble CD40 ligand accumulates in stored blood components, primes neutrophils through CD40, and is a potential cofactor in the development of transfusion-related acute lung injury
Authors: Samina Yasmin Khan, Marguerite R. Kelher, Joanna M. Heal, Neil Blumberg, Lynn K. Boshkov, Richard Phipps, Kelly F. Gettings, Nathan J. McLaughlin, Christopher C. Silliman
Journal: Blood (2006)
Link between FDA antidepressant warnings and increased suicide attempts in young people is questionable
Authors: M. Olfson, M. Schoenbaum
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Lu and colleagues hypothesised that US Food and Drug Administration antidepressant safety warnings reduced antidepressant prescribing and thereby increased suicide attempts in young people.1 They investigated associations in three age groups between antidepressant prescribing before and after the warnings and suicide attempts, as measured by psychotropic poisonings in patients presenting to emergency departments or admitted to hospital. We question their conclusions that …
Letter from Chicago: Below the diaphragm and above
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1983)

their continued use for longer.Otherwise there seems no alternative to putting more reliance on proguanil in spite of its obvious shortcomings.The occurrence of pregnancy during long term residence in a malarious area should be regarded in the, same way as for the short term visitor.In general, Fansidar and Maloprim should be avoided, but where the chance of infection is high, as in tropical Africa, the very real risks of malaria in pregnancy must be balanced against the possible toxic effects of the drugs. References
George Brian Mackinlay
Authors: Hamish Polson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Edinburgh (b Redcar, North Yorkshire, 1939; q Edinburgh 1963), d 23 October 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




After house jobs in Teesside and Norwich he returned to Edinburgh in 1966 and the following year he joined an expanding practice in north Edinburgh, where he remained until retirement in 2001. In 1968 he became involved in the then innovative scheme to forge closer links between general practice and hospital medicine, whereby GPs were appointed to specialist units. Brian's appointment was to the cardiology unit at Edinburgh's Western General Hospital and ran for a number of years. He leaves a wife, Linn; two children; and two grandchildren.
Guidelines for the management of asthma in adults.
Authors: P J Rees
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Earlier this year the British Thoracic Society, combined with the Royal College of Physicians, the King's Fund, and the National Asthma Campaign, brought together 34 participants, received 357 answered questionnaires, and took the views of an open debate at the society's meeting before producing guidelines on the management of asthma.Despite this parentage-for multiple authors often seem to produce an excess of muddled words-the guidelines are clear, relevant, and practical (though not brief).They deserve careful consideraton from all those who care for patients with asthma.The first part, the management of chronic asthma, appeared last week (p 651).The second part, on acute severe asthma, is
GALLSTONES IN THE COMMON-DUCT.
Authors: WILLIAM D. HAGGARD
Journal: JAMA (1905)

duce shock or anemia in any of the dogs.Three died of sepsis.In none of the animals were there any evidences of either primary or secondary hemorrhage or escape of bile.When success was attained with this method of securing easy hemostasis in liver wounds, my curiosity still remained unsatisfied without any logical explana- tion for such accomplishment.It remained for Dr. Crile, of Cleveland, to offer his very practical explanation, based on animal experimentation and clinical ob- servation, to strengthen my belief in the practicability of this method.
Organisations reluctantly come out in support of top-up payments
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A number of leading medical organisations have concluded that a system where patients are able to pay privately for drugs without losing their right to NHS care is inevitable.

In its response to a consultation currently being carried out by Mike Richards, the government’s national cancer adviser for England, the health policy think tank the King’s Fund described the current system in which paying for top-up treatments (copayments) is prohibited as “untenable.”

It conceded, “after much consideration of what is undoubtedly a complex issue,” that patients should be able to pay privately for some drugs that are not available on the NHS while retaining their right to NHS …
Peptic Ulcer in Massachusetts Physicians
Authors: Richard R. Monson, Brian MacMahon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

As estimated by a mail questionnaire, to which 8056 (92 per cent) of 8716 eligible physicians responded, 11 per cent of male Massachusetts physicians above the age of 45 reported have had a duodenal ulcer. The estimated annual incidence in males was between 2.5 and 4.0 per 1000 in all age groups above the age of 25. This rate appears to have decreased over the past 10 to 20 years among physicians born after 1921. About 1.5 per cent of male physicians over 45 have had a gastric ulcer. The estimated annual incidence of gastric ulcer increased with age to a peak of 1.0 to 1.5 per 1000 over 65. These results give no indication that peptic ulcer is unduly frequent among male physicians, although the rate for female physicians may be higher than that for the general female population. No association of risk of ulcer with professional specialty or place of residence is apparent.
The Tyranny of the Normal: An Anthology
Authors: Larry R. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1996)

This review has a twist probably unforeseen by the editors of<i>JAMA</i>when they requested that I do it, but more of that later. First, to the book. The title, borrowed from Leslie Fiedler, refers to the attitudes that Society expresses to "pressure abnormal people to change their appearance, fix what bothers others, or stay out of sight." Therefore, "one of the purposes of the anthology is to encourage those working or living with others outside the norms to be more inclusive and understanding." Theirs is an ambitious goal, considering that virtually all recorded cultures have stigmatized, in one way or another, those that fell outside accepted norms in appearance, size, function, or any other gauge which that culture decreed as acceptable. From the Bible (Leviticus 21: 1-24: "and the Lord said to Moses... none of your descendants... who has a deformity... shall come near the veil or approach the
Assessing Causality in the Association between Child Adiposity and Physical Activity Levels: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Rebecca C. Richmond, George Davey Smith, Andy R. Ness, Marcel den Hoed, George McMahon, Nicholas J. Timpson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Cross-sectional studies have shown that objectively measured physical activity is associated with childhood adiposity, and a strong inverse dose-response association with body mass index (BMI) has been found. However, few studies have explored the extent to which this association reflects reverse causation. We aimed to determine whether childhood adiposity causally influences levels of physical activity using genetic variants reliably associated with adiposity to estimate causal effects.The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children collected data on objectively assessed activity levels of 4,296 children at age 11 y with recorded BMI and genotypic data. We used 32 established genetic correlates of BMI combined in a weighted allelic score as an instrumental variable for adiposity to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on activity. In observational analysis, a 3.3 kg/m² (one standard deviation) higher BMI was associated with 22.3 (95% CI, 17.0, 27.6) movement counts/min less total physical activity (p = 1.6×10⁻¹⁶), 2.6 (2.1, 3.1) min/d less moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity (p = 3.7×10⁻²⁹), and 3.5 (1.5, 5.5) min/d more sedentary time (p = 5.0×10⁻⁴). In Mendelian randomization analyses, the same difference in BMI was associated with 32.4 (0.9, 63.9) movement counts/min less total physical activity (p = 0.04) (∼5.3% of the mean counts/minute), 2.8 (0.1, 5.5) min/d less moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity (p = 0.04), and 13.2 (1.3, 25.2) min/d more sedentary time (p = 0.03). There was no strong evidence for a difference between variable estimates from observational estimates. Similar results were obtained using fat mass index. Low power and poor instrumentation of activity limited causal analysis of the influence of physical activity on BMI.Our results suggest that increased adiposity causes a reduction in physical activity in children and support research into the targeting of BMI in efforts to increase childhood activity levels. Importantly, this does not exclude lower physical activity also leading to increased adiposity, i.e., bidirectional causation.
Skin lesions from hypersensitivity to cold during chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
Authors: B. DRENO, P. GANDON, B. BUREAU, N. MILPIED, H. BARRIERE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Skin lesions from hypersensitivity to cold during chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia Get access B. DRENO, B. DRENO Department of Dermatology, Hôtel‐Dieu, Chu, France B.Dreno, Service de Dermatologie, Hôtel‐Dieu, Chu, 44035 Nantes Cedex, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. GANDON, P. GANDON Department of Dermatology, Hôtel‐Dieu, Chu, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. BUREAU, B. BUREAU Department of Dermatology, Hôtel‐Dieu, Chu, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. MILPIED, N. MILPIED Department of Haematology, Hôtel‐Dieu, Chu, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. BARRIÈRE H. BARRIÈRE Department of Dermatology, Hôtel‐Dieu, Chu, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue 5, 1 November 1986, Pages 607–609, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb05772.x Published: 01 November 1986 Article history Accepted: 09 April 1986 Published: 01 November 1986
Review: Steroids, US, electromagnetic field therapy, and nocturnal splinting have moderate, short-term effectiveness for the carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Laura Rees Willett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Huisstede BM, Hoogvliet P, Randsdorp MS, et al. Carpal tunnel syndrome. Part I: effectiveness of nonsurgical treatments—a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91:981-1004. 20599038
Intracoronary papaverine: an ideal coronary vasodilator for studies of the coronary circulation in conscious humans.
Authors: R F Wilson, C W White
Journal: Circulation (1986)

An ideal coronary vasodilator for studying coronary flow reserve in humans would rapidly produce maximal coronary vasodilation, be short acting to permit repeated measurements, and not alter systemic hemodynamics. The two commonly used vasodilators (dipyridamole and meglumine diatrizoate) do not satisfy these criteria; meglumine diatrizoate does not produce maximal hyperemia and dipyridamole has a long duration of effect (greater than 30 min). In this study we used a subselective coronary Doppler catheter to measure the dose-response kinetics of a shorter acting vasodilator, intracoronary papaverine. In 10 patients with normal coronary vessels, the maximal vasodilator response to papaverine was compared with that to intravenous dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg infused over 4 min) and intracoronary meglumine diatrizoate. The increase in coronary blood flow velocity after the maximal dose of papaverine (4.8 +/- 0.4 peak/resting velocity ratio, mean +/- SEM) was nearly identical to that seen after infusion of dipyridamole (4.8 +/- 0.6) and was significantly greater than that after meglumine diatrizoate (3.1 +/- 0.2, p less than .01). At maximal hyperemia, mean arterial blood pressure fell 9 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM) after intracoronary papaverine, 8 +/- 4% after dipyridamole, and 3 +/- 3% after meglumine diatrizoate. The dose-response kinetics of intracoronary papaverine were studied in 13 patients with normal coronary arteries. In the left coronary artery, maximal vasodilation (5.4 +/- 0.6) was achieved with 8 mg in six of eight patients and with 12 mg in all patients. In the right coronary artery, maximal vasodilation (4.8 +/- 0.7) was achieved with 6 mg in four or five patients and with 8 mg in all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Radiation-Induced Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: ARTHUR B. SCHNEIDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Of 5379 patients who had received radiation treatment at our institution for benign conditions of the head and neck, 318 developed thyroid cancer 3 to 42 years later. We report follow-up observations (median interval from diagnosis to recurrence or last contact, 10 years; longest interval, 31) for 296 of these patients. Three patients died of thyroid cancer and 40 had recurrences. The rate of recurrence during the 10 years after the detection of thyroid cancer, determined by life-table analysis, was 1.1%/yr. Factors that correlated with the risk of recurrence were tumor size, histologic type, number of lobes involved, vessel invasion, and lymph node metastases. The time from radiation exposure to the discovery of thyroid cancer (latency) and the age at diagnosis both inversely correlated with recurrence. The administration of thyroid hormones reduced the number of recurrences in patients with combined papillary and follicular cancer, but no reductions could be associated with the extent of surgery done or the prophylactic use of radioactive iodine ablation. We conclude that the course of radiation-induced thyroid cancer is the same as that of thyroid cancer found in other settings. We advocate a conservative approach to the treatment of small tumors that have no associated risk for thyroid cancer other than that they developed many years after the patient had been exposed to radiation.
Elevated plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme levels are associated with myocardial infarction in young subjects without risk factors, independently of coronary artery disease, and of insertion/deletion gene polymorphism
Authors: Flavio Ribichini, Giuseppe Steffenino, Antonio Dellavalle, Terenzio Camilla, Alberto Piazza, Gabriella Benetton, Pino Matullo, Eugenio Uslenghi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Systemwide Cost Control — The Missing Link in Health Care Reform
Authors: Jonathan Oberlander, Joseph White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Successful health care reform requires effective control of health care spending — without it, rising costs will continue to strain federal and state budgets, businesses, and families, jeopardizing gains in insurance coverage. The reform legislation now before Congress, however, cannot be relied on to control spending.The Obama administration and others have emphasized the cost-saving potential of prevention, comparative-effectiveness research, disease management, and health information technology. But there is little evidence that these worthwhile measures would produce meaningful cost control over the next decade.1 The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has consequently forecast scant savings from these sources, fueling debate about . . .
Influence of sympathetic stimulation and vasoactive substances on the canine pulmonary veins.
Authors: P J Kadowitz, P D Joiner, A L Hyman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The contribution of the intrapulmonary lobar veins to the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in response to sympathetic stimulation was studied under conditions of controlled blood flow in the anesthetized dog in which vascular pressures were measured simultaneously in the perfused lobar artery, an intrapulmonary lobar vein 2-3 mm in diameter and in the left atrium. Stimulation of the stellate ganglia at 3, 10, and 30 cycles/s increased pressure in the lobar artery and small vein in a stimulus-related manner but decreased pressure in the left atrium. Injection of norepinephrine into the perfused lobar artery also increased pressure in the lobar artery and small vein but decreased pressure in the left atrium. The increase in lobar arterial and venous pressure in response to either injected norepinephrine or to nerve stimulation was antagonized by an alpha receptor blocking agent. The rise in pressure in both labor artery and small vein with nerve stimulation but not administered norepinephrine was inhibited by an adrenergic nerve terminal blocking agent. The results suggest that under conditions of steady flow, sympathetic nerve stimulation increases the resistance to flow in the lung by constricting pulmonary veins and vessels upstream to the small veins, and that at each stimulus-frequency studied approximately 50% of the total increase in resistance may be due to venoconstriction. It is concluded that the increase in resistance to flow in the lung in response to nerve stimulation is thre result of activation of alpha adrenergic receptors by norephinephrine liberated from adrenergic nerve terminals in venous segments and in vessels upstream to samll veins, presumed to be small arteries.
Retinal Aplasia as a Clinical Entity
Authors: A. Sorsby, C. E. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Blindness in infants is occasionally seen with apparently normal eyes or eyes in which minimal fundus anomalies are present.Such cases present considerable diagnostic difficulties.Frequently there is uncertainty whether the disks are normal or atrophic.and tho term "cortical blindness" is occasionally used, though this is little more than a terminological escape from a real problem.When fundus anomalies are present they are generally ill defined and have an uncharacteristic appearance, such as the occasional diffuse fine pigmentation that goes under the designation of " pepper-and-salt fundus "-a fairly definite recognition that there is some form of retinal atrophy.The after-history of these cases with apparently normal fundi or fundi with minimal anomalies is not well established.The following case reports are presented as indicating that some of these cases, at any rate, are genetic in origin and progressive in character.Case Reports1.The M-n Family Pedigree Chart 1 shows five observed cases of blindness over two generations, with a probable sixth case in an antecedent generation.None of the marriages recorded were consanguineous.Case 1.-Gerald M., the proband (111, 16 in Chart 1).aged 9 years.Blindness was noted in infancy, and the child was admitted to the Ellen Terry Home at Reigate at the age of 6 as blind and mentally defective.The general appearance of the boy is normal.His head is small, but within normal limits.Apart from mental defect there is no gross abnormality of his central nervous system.At the age of 8 he had a developmental age of about 2+ years.There is no evidence of any environmental factor which might have cauised the mental defect.The eyes are outwardly normal.The fundi (Special Plate, Fig. 1) show diffuse and rather gross pepper-and-salt pigmentation, exposure of the choroidal pattern, narrow retinal arteries, and uniformly grey disks, the margins of which are not
Value of SPECT Imaging of the Thoracolumbar Spine in Cancer Patients
Authors: EBRAHIM S. DELPASSAND, JOSE R. GARCIA, VIJU BHADKAMKAR, DONALD A. PODOLOFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of SPECT bone imaging in targeting the precise location of vertebral abnormalities to ascertain whether such knowledge would help in differentiating between metastatic and benign lesions. SPECT images of the thoracolumbar spine in 50 patients were correlated with plain x-rays, CT, MRI, PET, and bone scans and 6-month clinical follow-ups. SPECT images revealed 110 lesions, 35 of which were metastases. Twenty-four of 25 lesions involving the vertebral body with extension into posterior elements were metastases, as well as 10 of 39 lesions found in the vertebral body and 1 of 4 found in the spinous process. All lesions limited to the anterior aspect of the vertebral body (13/13), facet joints (23/23), and intervertebral disk space (6/6) were benign. In conclusion, SPECT imaging of the thoracolumbar spine is helpful in determining the precise anatomic location of vertebral abnormalities, and knowledge of the location can be used to determine whether these abnormalities in cancer patients are benign entities or metastases.