tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Safety of Intranasal Ipratropium Bromide in Common Colds
Authors: Frederick G. Hayden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine the tolerability and clinical effectiveness of intranasal ipratropium bromide for the treatment of symptoms of common colds. Design: Multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial. Setting: 3 university student health services. Patients: 411 previously healthy persons 14 to 56 years of age who had cold symptoms that had lasted for no more than 36 hours, rhinorrhea subjectively judged to be of at least moderate severity, and documented nasal discharge of at least 1.5 g over a 1-hour observation period. Intervention: Either 1) ipratropium bromide nasal spray 0.06% in buffered salt solution, two 42-µg sprays per nostril administered by metered pump spray; 2) control nasal spray, which consisted of buffered salt solution; or 3) no treatment. Treatments were self-administered three or four times daily during waking hours for 4 days. After receiving their morning dose, patients stayed at the study center for 6 hours on study day 1 and 3 hours on study day 2; symptom severity was recorded and nasal mucus discharges were collected and weighed hourly during these periods. Results: Ipratropium recipients had 26% less nasal discharge than controls (P = 0.0024) and 34% less nasal discharge than untreated patients (P = 0.0001). Severity of rhinorrhea as judged subjectively was reduced in ipratropium recipients by 31% compared with controls and by 78% compared with untreated patients (P = 0.0001 for both comparisons). In addition to being associated with reductions in daily assessments of the severity of rhinorrhea (P < equals 0.003), ipratropium was associated with reduced sneezing on study days 2 (20% difference; P = 0.03) and 4 (30% difference; P = 0.02) but not with reduced nasal congestion compared with the control spray. Ipratropium was generally well tolerated but was associated with higher rates of blood-tinged mucus (16.8% in the ipratropium group compared with 3.6% in the control group; P = 0.01) and nasal dryness (11.7% in the ipratropium group compared with 3.6% in the control group; P = 0.021) than the control spray. Patient assessments of the overall effectiveness of treatment were more favorable for ipratropium than for the control spray (P < equals 0.026) or for no treatment (P < equals 0.002) on each day of inquiry (study days 1, 2, and 5). Conclusions: Intranasal ipratropium bromide provides specific relief of rhinorrhea and sneezing associated with common colds.
People are overusing sunbeds
Authors: A Bulman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—David Shuttleworth drew attention to the question of whether sunbeds that emit ultraviolet A radiation cause skin cancer.1 To determine the prevalence of use of sunbeds during 1994 the Department of Health commissioned the omnibus survey of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys to interview British adults, who were randomly selected and stratified by socioeconomic variables. A balanced response rate of 76% was achieved, producing 2017 interviews. Of the 284 respondents aged 16-24, 68 (24%) had used a sunbed during the year, …
Transduction Patterns of Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vectors in the Nervous System
Authors: Liang-Fong Wong, Mimoun Azzouz, Lucy E Walmsley, Zoe Askham, Fraser J Wilkes, Kyriacos A Mitrophanous, Susan M Kingsman, Nicholas D Mazarakis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

We have developed a non-primate-based lentiviral vector based on the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) for efficient gene transfer to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Previously we have demonstrated that pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with the rabies virus glycoprotein confers retrograde axonal transport to these vectors. In the present study we have successfully produced high-titer EIAV vectors pseudotyped with envelope glycoproteins from Rhabdovirus vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) serotypes (Indiana and Chandipura strains); rabies virus [various Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth ERA strains and challenge virus standard (CVS)]; Lyssavirus Mokola virus, a rabies-related virus; and Arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). These vectors were delivered to the striatum or spinal cord of adult rats or muscle of neonatal mice by direct injection. We report that the lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with envelopes from the VSV Indiana strain, wild-type ERA, and CVS strains resulted in strong transduction in the striatum, while Mokola- and LCMV-pseudotyped vectors exhibited moderate and weak transduction, respectively. Furthermore ERA- and CVS-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors demonstrated retrograde transport and expression in distal neurons after injection in brain, spinal cord, and muscle. The differences in transduction efficiencies and retrograde transport conferred by these envelope glycoproteins present novel opportunities in designing therapeutic strategies for different neurological diseases.
Determinants of susceptibility to cigarette smoke. Potential roles for neuroendocrine cells and neuropeptides in airway inflammation, airway wall remodeling, and chronic airflow obstruction.
Authors: S M Aguayo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

There is a subgroup of cigarette smokers who are more susceptible than others to the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke and to chronic airflow obstruction. The study of histopathologic and physiologic differences between these "susceptible" smokers and "resistant" smokers, who do not develop clinically significant airflow obstruction, may lead to better understanding of host factors that determine individual susceptibility to cigarette smoke. This report puts forth the hypothesis that individual differences in number or function of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells may play an important role in determining whether cigarette smokers develop chronic airflow obstruction and perhaps other smoking-related disorders. In this context, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and bombesin-like peptides are discussed, emphasizing those aspects most relevant to the pathobiologic consequences of cigarette smoking.
Interplay among cardiotrophin-1, prostaglandins, and vascular endothelial growth factor in rat liver regeneration
Authors: Naiara Beraza, Juan Martín Marqués, Eduardo Martínez‐Ansó, María Iñiguez, Jesús Prieto, Matilde Bustos
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Prostaglandins are hepatoprotective molecules generated in liver regeneration by the rapid induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are other hepatoprotective mediators upregulated at 24 hours after partial hepatectomy. The interactions among these molecules during liver regeneration have not yet been defined. Here we show that rats subjected to partial hepatectomy treated with NS-398, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, exhibited cell cycle arrest, increased hepatocyte apoptosis, persistent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation, and increased interleukin-6 production. These changes were associated with downregulation of CT-1 and COX-1 and altered pattern of VEGF expression. Administration of an adenovirus encoding CT-1 to NS-398-treated rats restituted normal levels of COX-1, prostaglandins, and VEGF in the liver after partial hepatectomy and restored normal liver regeneration. Furthermore, the stimulation of isolated rat hepatocytes with CT-1 increased COX-1, COX-2, and VEGF messenger RNAs and prostaglandin synthesis. Conversely, the addition of prostaglandin E1 to the culture increased CT-1 and VEGF production. In conclusion, COX-2 activation and production of prostaglandins soon after partial hepatectomy are essential requirements for hepatocyte proliferation and for the correct induction of both CT-1 and VEGF. CT-1 can restore liver regeneration after COX-2 inhibition by increasing VEGF, COX-1 expression, and prostaglandin synthesis.
International Perspective on Health-Related Quality-of-Life Research in Cancer Clinical Trials: The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Experience
Authors: Andrew Bottomley, Neil K. Aaronson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Over recent decades, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) research has been increasingly integrated into cancer clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to examine the overall approach taken towards clinical trial-based HRQOL investigations within the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). This article reports a literature review of clinical trial-based HRQOL investigations and provides selective examples of HRQOL studies in phase III clinical trials in various disease sites. The findings of this review highlight that, historically, assessing HRQOL was a challenge. However, as EORTC has become more experienced in the assessment of HRQOL and has developed a portfolio of appropriate tools, HRQOL has become a more accepted end point in large-scale trials. The trials reviewed in this article show that, in general, HRQOL data do provide information that can both inform clinicians about the effectiveness of the treatments and also serve as an invaluable source of information for patients to make informed decisions regarding the treatment choice.
Skin Cancer Incidence: The Effects of Surveillance and Migration
Authors: Robert S. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Drs Glass and Hoover<sup>1</sup>present compelling data that the actual incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is higher than had been indicated by the population-based studies of more than a decade ago. Although habits relating to sun exposure continue to change, it would seem unlikely that there was a sufficient revolution in sun exposure habits among those who differ in date of birth by one to two decades to explain the dramatic increases in risk reported during the last 27 years. Therefore, other explanations may deserve greater emphasis. Medical surveillance for squamous cell carcinoma, especially in older patients, was likely to be far less aggressive during the first decade of the study than in the subsequent two decades. Given the high incidence of tumors among those older than 65 years and the small initial numbers of such patients at Kaiser Permanente, these changes in
Adequacy of 5-mm surgical excision margins for non-lentiginous melanoma in situ
Authors: Keith L. Duffy, Amanda Truong, Glen M. Bowen, Robert H.I. Andtbacka, John Hyngstrom, Tawnya Bowles, Kenneth Grossmann, Hung Khong, Mark Hyde, Scott R. Florell, Anneli R. Bowen, David Wada, Douglas Grossman
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Management of infection in the neutropenic patient.
Authors: R E Marcus, J M Goldman
Journal: BMJ (1986)

SIR,-Drs R E Marcus and J M Goldman state in their regular review (16 August, p 406) that surveillance cultures should be performed weekly or twice weekly in all neutropenic patients as this will enable rational treatment to be given at the onset of fever. Our own experience with surveillance cultures in neutropenic patients does not lead us to agree with this costly and labour intensive suggestion. Over 12 months at this hospital 86 neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies had weekly surveillance cultures taken from groin, axilla, throat, mouth, urine, vagina, faeces, or rectum and Hickman's catheter insertion site. Organisms specifically sought using appropriate selective media were Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp, yeasts, and fungi. During this period 29 patients had 39 bacteraemic episodes (table). We did not find the surveillance
Becoming a Clinician: A Primer for Students
Authors: Valerie P. Weil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes2 March 1999Becoming a Clinician: A Primer for StudentsValerie P. Weil, MDValerie P. Weil, MDHospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Weil)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-5-199903020-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Neitch SM, Mufson MA; eds. 360 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998. $29.95. ISBN 0070465150. Order phone 800-262-4729.Field of medicine: Primary care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Medical students embarking on early clinical rotations.Purpose: To introduce first- and second-year medical students to common clinical situations and teach them how to formulate differential diagnoses by using historical data and physical findings.Content: The first section focuses on the ethics of medicine and lays the groundwork for the more practical chapters that follow. The second section provides guidelines for interviewing and examining patients and a chapter on evaluation of medical student performance. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Weil) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 March 1999Volume 130, Issue 5Page: 460KeywordsComputer softwareDomestic violenceHIV infectionsHypertensionInpatientsLower back painMedical servicesResearch laboratoriesThoraxTraditional medicine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 March 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
748-4 Prognostic Value of Dipyridamole- 201 Thallium Imaging Very Early After Uncomplicated Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Treated with Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Salvatore Pirelli, Antonella Moreo, Giacomo Piccalò, Daria Massa, Alessandra Corato, Roberto Sara, Gian Battista Danzi, Claudio DeVita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Maharishi Ayur-Veda-Reply
Authors: Deepak Chopra
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Our article attempted to open areas of discourse far beyond what is normally accepted. We are heartened by the many positive remarks. We were, however, distressed to discover that so many of the letters were obviously inflammatory, depending so heavily on emotional and unfounded charges, without any sound scientific backing and few references. A large proportion of these letters were from nonphysicians or from those with no stated academic credentials. Their criticisms, directed largely at the TM organization, rather than the other approaches of Maharishi Ayur-Veda, are demonstrably false. Transcendental Meditation is not a cult or a religion. Research documenting beneficial effects of TM has been published in more than 100 peer-reviewed academic journals in the past 21 years. These studies have been conducted by over 360 researchers affiliated with more than 200 universities and institutions. More than 50 studies have been PhD dissertations at independent universities. A
Fractures and avascular necrosis before and after orthotopic liver transplantation: Long-term follow-up and predictive factors
Authors: Maureen M. J. Guichelaar, Jeffrey Schmoll, Michael Malinchoc, Eileen J. Hay
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

With early posttransplant bone loss, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) recipients experience a high rate of fracturing and some avascular necrosis (AVN), but little is known about the incidence of and predictive factors for these skeletal complications. We studied 360 consecutive patients who underwent transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and assessed both vertebral and nonvertebral (rib, pelvic, and femur) fractures in a protocolized fashion. Before OLT, 20% of the patients had experienced fracturing, and 1.4% of the patients had experienced AVN. Following OLT, there was a sharp increase in fracturing, with a 30% cumulative incidence of fractures at 1 year and 46% at 8 years after transplantation. In contrast to previous studies, there was a similar incidence of posttransplant vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. The greatest risk factors for posttransplant fracturing were pretransplant fracturing and the severity of osteopenia and posttransplant glucocorticoids. Nine percent of the liver recipients experienced AVN after OLT, and this correlated with pretransplant and posttransplant lipid metabolism, bone disease (bone mineral density and fracturing), and posttransplant glucocorticoids. A novel association between cholestasis and AVN was also identified, the mechanism for which is not known.Fortunately, recent years have seen an increase in the bone mass of liver recipients and, along with this, less fracturing and less AVN. Nonetheless, 25% of patients undergoing OLT for chronic cholestatic liver disease still develop de novo fractures after OLT; this situation demands an ongoing search for effective therapeutic agents for these patients.
Biological father declared the legal father in IVF mix up
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A black man whose sperm was mistakenly used to fertilise the eggs of the wrong woman in a mix up during an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) procedure at a UK infertility clinic was last week declared the legal father of the mixed race twins who were born as a result.

Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss, president of the High Court's family division, ruled that the twins' biological father was also their legal father, though he has no legal right to a say in their upbringing.

The white mother and her husband, Mr and Mrs A, were undergoing ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) treatment at Leeds General Infirmary's assisted conception unit at the same time as a black …
The Relationships between the Levels of Cytokines and Chemokines In Exhaled Breath Condensate and the Control Status of Asthma
Authors: A. Hara, H. Nagase, Y. Kojima, M. Suzukawa, M. Kuramochi, H. Ishida, T. Adachi, N. Suzuki, K. Ohta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
703-6 Three-dimensional Echocardiographic Delineation of Myocardial Perfusion Territories: Description of a New 3-D Image Processing Approach with a New Ultrasound Contrast Agent
Authors: Alain Delabays, Lissa Sugeng, Qi-Ling Cao, Giuseppina Magni, Steven Schwartz, Natesa Pandian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Radionuclide Imaging and Echography of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: PIERRE ESPINASSE, DANIELLE ESPINASSE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

The usefulness of grey scale ultrasonography in association with radionuclide imaging in the evaluation of thyroid nodules is discussed. Nodules were classified in five categories, according to the magnitude of the internal echoes (echogenicity). The assessment of neoplasms in each of these categories is reported in 143 cases in which radionuclide imaging disclosed nonfunctioning or cold nodules. In this study, echography is used principally to clarify the nature of nonfunctioning or cold nodules found on radionuclide imaging.
Surgical Treatment of Severe Attacks of Ulcerative Colitis, with Special Reference to the Advantages of Early Operation
Authors: J. C. Goligher, D. C. Hoffman, F. T. de Dombal
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The management and outcome of 258 severe attacks of ulcerative colitis from 1952 to 1969 has been reviewed. If remission did not occur during an initial course of intensive medical treatment, including administration of corticosteroids, operation (generally ileostomy with proctocolectomy or subtotal colectomy) was performed. This took place some 12 to 17 days after admission as a rule during the years 1952-63, but usually within five to seven days from 1964 to 1969.Roughly half the attacks underwent spontaneous remission during the two periods, but the medical mortality was 4.8% in the former and 0.7% in the latter, the operative mortality 20.0 and 7.0%, and the overall mortality 11.3 and 4.5% respectively. The lowering of the mortality was particularly striking in severe first attacks and in severe attacks in patients over 60 years of age.Perforation of the colon was found in 21 cases, or nearly 20% of 112 patients coming to operation during attacks, being commoner in the first period (32.5%) than in the second (11.1%). The immediate mortality of all such operations was 11.6%; in cases with perforation it was 28.6%.Acute colonic dilatation was observed in 28 cases. All but one were treated by emergency colectomy, at which the colon was noted to be perforated in 11. The mortality of these operations was 18.5%.Follow-up of the 140 patients who survived without coming to operation during their attacks shows that 52 (37.1%) subsequently underwent surgical treatment either during further attacks or electively.Though all 258 attacks were thought at the time to be due to ordinary ulcerative colitis, subsequent pathological examination of operative specimens derived from 98 patients who came to urgent or subsequent operation during the 1964-9 period revealed that the lesion in the large bowel was Crohn's disease in 17 instances.
Does colonoscopists' performance vary between bowel screening and patients with symptoms - a comparison of colonoscopy completion rates
Authors: N. Nagrath, P. Phull
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colonoscopy completion rates (CCR) are an important quality assurance parameter for individual endoscopists and for the national Bowel Screening Programme (BSP). The standard is set at an unadjusted completion rate of 90%. However, individuals undergoing colonoscopy for bowel screening and patients with symptoms represent different. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine if colonoscopy completion rates varied between screening and patients with symptoms, patient groups and their characteristics may affect colonoscopy performance. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective audit of completion rates for patients undergoing colonoscopy at our institution during the year 2008. Data was retrieved from an endoscopy database (Unisoft) in addition to the local BSP database. Colonoscopy completion rates were calculated for those colonoscopists participating in the BSP, and compared between BSP and symptomatic groups. Information on factors that may affect completion of colonoscopy such as poor bowel preparation, presence of diverticular disease, polyps, tumour and strictures were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> During 12-month period of the audit, a total of 3582 colonoscopies were performed; of these 508 (14.2%) were undertaken for the BSP. Five colonoscopists performed 488 (95.9%) of these procedures. The remaining 20 colonoscopies were performed by 4 colonoscopists; these individuals were excluded from further analysis due to the small number of procedures performed. The 5 main BSP colonoscopists also performed 568 colonoscopies in patients with symptoms. Colonoscopy completion rates are shown in the table 1: CCR was 90% or higher for all colonoscopists in BSP procedures. However, for 2 of the 5 colonoscopists the CCR was below 90% in procedures undertaken in patients with symptoms; in the case of one colonoscopist, this difference was statistically different. Data on the case-mix revealed that the mean age of patients was higher in the BSP group for all colonoscopists. However, there were no consistent findings in the gender distribution, poor bowel preparation, presence of diverticular disease, polyps, tumour or strictures mix that could explain the lower CCRs for 2 colonoscopists in the patients with symptoms. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Colonoscopists9 performance, as assessed by the CCR, demonstrated some variation between screening and patients with symptoms. This audit demonstrates that in addition to monitoring overall CCR as a performance indicator, it is the important to also look at CCRs separately in BSP and patients with symptoms.