tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HLA-Identical Sibling Bone Marrow Transplantation in Younger Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Mauricette Michallet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To characterize in detail the outcomes of HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in patients younger than 60 years of age. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: 30 centers for bone marrow transplantation worldwide, which reported data on outcome of HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation for CLL to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation or the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry between 1984 and 1992. Patients: 54 patients diagnosed with CLL (median age, 41 years; range, 21 to 58 years). The median interval from diagnosis to transplantation was 37 months (range, 5 to 130 months). At the time of transplantation, 3 patients were at Rai stage 0; 10 were at stage 1; 10 were at stage 2; 7 were at stage 3; and 22 were at stage 4. Intervention: Transplant regimens varied. Most patients received high-dose cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation, followed by infusion of bone marrow from an HLA-identical sibling. After transplantation, immune suppression with cyclosporine or methotrexate or both was generally used to prevent graft-versus-host disease. Measurements: The primary outcome was survival. We also studied hematologic remission, defined as normalization of the leukocyte count, hemoglobin level, and platelet count, and absence of lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Results: 38 patients (70%) achieved hematologic remission. Twenty-four (44%) remain alive a median of 27 months (range, 5 to 80 months) after transplantation. Three-year survival probability was 46% (95% CI, 32% to 60%). Three patients who received transplants at Rai stage 0 remain alive 21, 32, and 45 months after transplantation. Three-year survival probabilities were as follows: 68% (CI, 38% to 98%) in 10 patients who received transplants at Rai stage 1, 30% (CI, 2% to 58%) in 10 patients who received transplants at Rai stage 2, 57% (CI, 21% to 93%) in 7 patients who received transplants at Rai stage 3, and 34% (CI, 12% to 56%) in 22 patients who received transplants at Rai stage 4 CLL. Five patients (9%) died of progressive leukemia and 25 (46%) of treatment-related complications. Conclusions: Bone marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings can result in hematologic remission and survival in persons with CLL, but it is uncertain how these results compare with those of conventional therapies. *For additional contributors and participating centers, see the Appendix.
Hypothermia and the assessment of sick children
Authors: A. Cronin de Chavez, C. Childs, S. Kelly, A. M. Tod, D. Burke
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Although it is gratifying to see updates to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guideline on feverish illness in children,1 we would like to redress the balance for concern about altered thermoregulation in sick children. Fever is a cardinal sign of inflammation, infection, and trauma, but low body temperature is also a …
Dissecting Aneurysm of Aorta
Authors: M. Herford
Journal: BMJ (1956)

<h3>Background</h3> High-quality maternity care dramatically reduces infant and maternal morbidity and mortality. Patient satisfaction is an important indicator of the quality of care because it demonstrates the difference between what the patient expects and the current level of care received. Vision 2030 represents a blueprint for Saudi Arabia’s future that is focused on improving the quality of healthcare through privatization. In support of that vision, Saudi women gained back the majority of their rights including autonomy to make their own healthcare decisions. While some research has elucidated women’s satisfaction with their maternity care within the public sector, none has examined it within the private sector or compared it across sectors. With transformation towards Vision 2030 underway, this study is designed to measure and compare women’s satisfaction with their labor and delivery care in the public and private sectors of two National Guard hospitals in Jeddah and Riyadh. <h3>Methods</h3> A convenience sample of 80 women across the public and private sectors of National Guard hospitals in Jeddah and Riyadh were recruited. Participants consented to the study and completed 20-minute, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded. Codes were analyzed using grounded theory to build a conceptual framework regarding women’s satisfaction with their labor and delivery care across sectors and locations. Frameworks were compared to draw distinctions in perceptions across sectors and locations. <h3>Results</h3> Preliminary results reveal that women within the public sector feel less satisfied with their care compared with women in the private sector because of lack of privacy and nurses’ less-careful attention to their concerns. Women within the private sector did not face those issues and also expressed great doctor–patient relationships. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Women within the private sectors of National Guard hospitals feel more satisfied with care, particularly when it comes to privacy and the care provided by nurses. As Saudi Arabia transitions to privatization, careful attention should be paid to how women within the public sector are transitioned during the privatization efforts. Specifically, attention should be given to the privacy that women receive during labor and delivery, as well as how women are cared for by nursing staff. How to maintain the level of the care provided in the private sector of hospitals while expanding care to meet the needs of all women given finite resources is a direction for future research.
Targeting tumor-associated fibroblasts improves cancer chemotherapy by increasing intratumoral drug uptake
Authors: M. Loeffler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Tumor-associated fibroblasts are key regulators of tumorigenesis. In contrast to tumor cells, which are genetically unstable and mutate frequently, the presence of genetically more stable fibroblasts in the tumor-stromal compartment makes them an optimal target for cancer immunotherapy. These cells are also the primary source of collagen type I, which contributes to decreased chemotherapeutic drug uptake in tumors and plays a significant role in regulating tumor sensitivity to a variety of chemotherapies. To specifically kill tumor-associated fibroblasts, we constructed an oral DNA vaccine targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which is specifically overexpressed by fibroblasts in the tumor stroma. Through CD8+ T cell-mediated killing of tumor-associated fibroblasts, our vaccine successfully suppressed primary tumor cell growth and metastasis of multidrug-resistant murine colon and breast carcinoma. Furthermore, tumor tissue of FAP-vaccinated mice revealed markedly decreased collagen type I expression and up to 70% greater uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs. Most importantly, pFap-vaccinated mice treated with chemotherapy showed a 3-fold prolongation in lifespan and marked suppression of tumor growth, with 50% of the animals completely rejecting a tumor cell challenge. This strategy opens a new venue for the combination of immuno- and chemotherapies.
Carcinogenicity and toxicity of methoxychlor.
Authors: M D Reuber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Methoxychlor is carcinogenic for the liver of C3H and BALB/c mice and Osborne-Mendel rats, and possibly for the liver of dogs. Methoxychlor is also carcinogenic for the testis of BALB/c male mice, bone of B6C3F1 female mice, and the ovary of Osborne-Mendel female rats. The incidences of carcinomas of the liver were increased in C3H male mice and BALB/c male and female mice fed methoxychlor. There also was an increase in malignant neoplasms at all sites in BALB/c male and female mice. C3H and BALB/c male mice were more susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of methoxychlor than were female mice. BALB/c mice were more susceptible than C3H mice. Osborne-Mendel male and female rats developed significant incidences of carcinomas of the liver. The incidence of sarcomas of the spleen and abdomen, mostly hemangiosarcomas, was increased in male rats. Neoplasms of the pituitary, adrenals, and mammary gland were also increased in methoxychlor-treated female rats. Miniature swine given methoxychlor developed chronic renal disease in relatively short periods of time. There also was hyperplasia of the mammary gland and uterus, suggesting an estrogen-like effect on those organs. Methoxychlor applied to the skin of rabbits caused a dose-related atrophy of the testes, as well as chronic renal disease. Atrophy of the testes and chronic renal disease could not be evaluated in mice and rats because of insufficient data.
Is Early Reconstruction Necessary for All Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears?
Authors: Bruce A. Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is necessary to prevent knee instability (giving way) during sports activities, in particular those that require planting and pivoting-type maneuvers. Episodes of giving way typically occur during athletic activity but can also occur with activities of daily living. In young athletes with an ACL injury, early reconstruction has been advocated to improve their quality of life, by allowing them to return to high-demand sports, as well as to avoid further damage to the knee's articular cartilage and menisci, which often accompanies these episodes of instability.13 Approximately 200,000 ACL reconstructions are performed each year in . . .
Scientific American SCIENCE &amp;amp; MEDICINE
Authors: Donald E. Penn
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Solutions to today's clinical dilemmas like drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV infection have their genesis in biomedical research, most often at the molecular level. So states editor Albert E. Meier, whose goal with<i>Scientific American SCIENCE &amp; MEDICINE</i>is to make contemporary basic medical science accessible to the clinician. Each bimonthly issue contains six feature articles on timely topics relevant to the practice of medicine. An expert in the field brings together historical background, relevant data, and recent advances that promise to enhance clinicians' capability to diagnose, manage, and prevent disease. The editor selects both article topics and their authors. A relentless focus on clarity of expression and an abundance of attractive, colorful illustrations further ensure this magazine's success at increasing practitioners' understanding of current progress in biomedicine. These computer-generated graphics would greatly enhance educational presentations. In addition, each issue contains regularly appearing columns such as "AIDS Day by Day," information
Endoscopic Papillotomy in Biliary Tract Pain and Fluctuating Cholestasis with Common Bile Duct Dilatation and Small Gallbladder Stones
Authors: J. Boender, M. van Blankenstein, G. A. J. J. Nix, J. H. P. Wilson, J. Dees
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

In patients suspected of having functional disorders of the papilla it is often difficult to establish the indications whether or not to perform endoscopic papillotomy (EP). We report on thirty-two consecutive patients referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography who all had longstanding biliary tract pain and episodes of liver enzyme elevation indicating cholestasis. Further features were: 1) a dilated common bile duct (CBD) after cholecystectomy (n = 11) or 2) a dilated CBD without or with larger (greater than cystic duct diameter) gallbladder stones (n = 6) or 3) multiple small gallbladder stones, with a normal or dilated CBD, in patients with signs of acute gallstone pancreatitis or in whom elective cholecystectomy was not indicated (n = 15). No CBD stones, organic obstruction or other disorders were found in these patients. Without further diagnostic procedures, EP was routinely performed. The laboratory (up to 3 months) and clinical findings (2 to 4 years follow up) showed improvement in all patients undergoing EP. We conclude that immediate EP appears justified in these selected patients.
Hong Kong hampered in fight against SARS by lack of cooperation from mainland
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A report commissioned by the Hong Kong government into the handling of the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) found that its efforts were hampered by the lack of timely information from neighbouring Guangdong province.

The investigation into the outbreak, which infected 1755 people and killed 299, was conducted by a panel of international experts and co-chaired by Sir Cyril Chantler, senior associate at the UK health research charity the King's Fund, and Professor Sian Griffiths, president of the Faculty of Public Health Medicine at the Royal College of Physicians.

A document detailing the outbreak of …
Cytokine production patterns in immediate, accelerated, and delayed cutaneous reactions to drugs: Comparison of intracellular protein and mRNA expression
Authors: C. Mayorga, J.A. Cornejo-Garcia, C. Antunez, R. R-Pena, T. Fernandez, M.J. Torres, C. Juarez, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
GM-CSF Promotes Macrophage Alternative Activation after Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Sarah C. Huen, Larry Huynh, Arnaud Marlier, Yashang Lee, Gilbert W. Moeckel, Lloyd G. Cantley
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

After kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, monocytes home to the kidney and differentiate into activated macrophages. Whereas proinflammatory macrophages contribute to the initial kidney damage, an alternatively activated phenotype can promote normal renal repair. The microenvironment of the kidney during the repair phase mediates the transition of macrophage activation from a proinflammatory to a reparative phenotype. In this study, we show that macrophages isolated from murine kidneys during the tubular repair phase after I/R exhibit an alternative activation gene profile that differs from the canonical alternative activation induced by IL-4-stimulated STAT6 signaling. This unique activation profile can be reproduced in vitro by stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages with conditioned media from serum-starved mouse proximal tubule cells. Secreted tubular factors were found to activate macrophage STAT3 and STAT5 but not STAT6, leading to induction of the unique alternative activation pattern. Using STAT3-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages and pharmacologic inhibition of STAT5, we found that tubular cell-mediated macrophage alternative activation is regulated by STAT5 activation. Both in vitro and after renal I/R, tubular cells expressed GM-CSF, a known STAT5 activator, and this pathway was required for in vitro alternative activation of macrophages by tubular cells. Furthermore, administration of a neutralizing antibody against GM-CSF after renal I/R attenuated kidney macrophage alternative activation and suppressed tubular proliferation. Taken together, these data show that tubular cells can instruct macrophage activation by secreting GM-CSF, leading to a unique macrophage reparative phenotype that supports tubular proliferation after sterile ischemic injury.
Medullary Sponge Kidney and Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Edmund R. Yendt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Medullary sponge kidney is a disorder in which dilated collecting tubules (1 to 7.5 mm in diameter) are found in one or more renal papillae.1 In the absence of complications, it is a benign, asymptomatic condition in which glomerular filtration is normal and proteinuria and hypertension are absent; there may be an associated mild impairment of urinary concentration or acidification, but these are of no clinical concern. However, serious illness may result from two frequent complications — urinary infection and nephrolithiasis — which may occur together or separately. Fortunately, these complications are susceptible to control with antibacterial therapy and to . . .
A Regional Specialty Society as a Model to Monitor Surgical Care
Authors: Joseph C. Avellone
Journal: JAMA (1978)

DESPITE wide clinical application of vascular reconstructive procedures, no formal board examination yet exists in the field of vascular surgery. To ensure a high standard of surgical care for patients with vascular disease and in the absence of an effective program for monitoring such care, vascular surgeons in northeastern Ohio formed a voluntary regional vascular society. Its unique features are that continued membership is based on annual review of performance and that objective peer review is accomplished through the use of data processed by computer registry. <h3>History of Organization</h3> The Cleveland Vascular Society (CVS) was founded in 1975 by 21 vascular surgeons drawn from Case Western Reserve University, The Cleveland Clinic, community hospitals, and independent practices. It represents the majority of surgeons performing vascular surgery in 23 hospitals in the Cleveland-Akron metropolitan area. Of the founding members, nine hold teaching faculty positions at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine;
Pills to Africa: how to donate effectively
Authors: J. H Day, C. B D Lavy
Journal: BMJ (2001)

It's amazing what you can find in the pharmacy of a rural mission hospital in Africa. Many are heavily dependent on the generosity of supporters in the northern hemisphere for valuable supplies of antibiotics, diuretics, and oral hypoglycaemic agents. Unfortunately, well intentioned, but inappropriate donating can also turn developing world hospitals into dumping zones for pharmaceutical junk, sent on the basis of "anything must be better than nothing." #### Guidelines for responsible donating Donors
A RAPID MACROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION TEST FOR BLOOD GROUPS, AND ITS VALUE IN TESTING DONORS FOR TRANSFUSION
Authors: Beth Vincent
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our knowledge of the four blood groups described by Moss<sup>1</sup>has proved to have a very practical value in blood transfusion. Hemolysis due to isohemolysis does not take place when the bloods of individuals of the same blood group are mixed in vivo or in vitro. It practically never occurs significantly in vivo when the donor belongs to a group whose red cells are not affected by the patient's serum in vitro, though the patient's cells in vitro may be acted on by the donor's serum. When the group has been determined, it is possible to select a donor whose blood is compatible as regards hemolysis with the blood of the recipient. Moss,<sup>1</sup>Minot,<sup>2</sup>Brem<sup>3</sup>and others have described practical microscopic tests for the determination of the blood groups. For the past two years, I have used a macroscopic test which is simple and rapid and
Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐regulated transport of energy via MiCS in rat heart: Peculiarities in development, Ca‐overload and diabetes
Authors: A. Ziegelhoffer, B. Ziegelhoffer‐Mihalovicova, F. Kolar, R. Stetka, W. Jacob, T. Ravingerova, N. Tribulova
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Coronary stenting in acute myocardial infarction versus “stent-like” coronary balloon angioplasty
Authors: G. Eid-Lidt, R. Villavicencio, M. Rosas, J. Luna, H. Ariza, M. Peña-Duque, E. Ban-Hayashi, J. Gaspar, M.A. Martinez-Rios
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Fate of Intracardiac Lead Vegetations After Percutaneous Lead Extraction
Authors: Gian M. Novaro, Walid Saliba, Wael A. Jaber
Journal: Circulation (2002)

After embolization, inspection of the pulmonary arteries disclosed the vegetation lodged in the mid-right pulmonary artery.Continuous wave Doppler is shown with a gradient of 22 mm Hg was noted across the arterial obstruction.
Potential Therapies and Vaccines to Combat Ebola
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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Patient centred outcomes in osteoarthritis
Authors: J W J Bijlsma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To determine whether transfused colorectal surgery patients were at increased risk for postoperative infections in a tertiary care teaching hospital and whether transfusion alone was the only significant risk factor. <h3>Design:</h3> A retrospective study. <h3>Setting:</h3> A single tertiary care teaching hospital. <h3>Patients:</h3> All patients admitted to St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, for colorectal surgery during the period Apr. 1, 1995, through Mar. 31, 1996, were studied (<i>N</i> = 154). <h3>Results:</h3> The overall infection rate was 17%: nontransfused patients, 13%, and transfused patients, 28% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.038). Patients who received albumin perioperatively had a significantly higher infection rate (38%) than those who did not (13%) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified transfusion and albumin administration as the only independent risk factors for postoperative infection. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Perioperative transfusion or albumin administration significantly increases the risk of postoperative infection in colorectal surgery patients.
Free cholesterol deposition in the cornea of human apolipoprotein A-II transgenic mice with functional lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
Authors: Josep Julve-Gil, Elena Ruiz-Pérez, Ricardo P. Casaroli-Marano, Àfrica Marzal-Casacuberta, Joan Carles Escolà-Gil, Francesc González-Sastre, Francisco Blanco-Vaca
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
How to avoid an e-headache
Authors: Joan S Ash
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The scope and boldness of the National Health Service's Connecting for Health initiative are unprecedented. While nations worldwide have set health information technology as a high priority to combat medical errors and increase efficiency, England has outlined the most courageous goal of this kind, aiming towards a national electronic health record service. Implementing systems nationwide, or even regionally, is extremely difficult, yet England is making admirable progress and essential iterative adjustments. Ongoing evaluation efforts, such as those described in Hendy and colleagues' study in this week's BMJ ,1 are necessary to guide such adjustments. Temporary setbacks are inevitable and we must learn from them.

Why is implementation of health information technology such a universally difficult process? It is because we are transforming health care through information technology rather than simply automating old …