tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HUMAN WELFARE AND MODERN MEDICINE
Authors: RAY LYMAN WILBUR
Journal: JAMA (1923)

"The objects of this Association are to promote the science and art of medicine and the betterment of public health," states the constitution of the nation-wide organization we represent here tonight. Not only are these the objects, but they have been the goals already won, and still constitute the guiding stars before our profession here in America and throughout the world. <h3>PROGRESS OF CIVILIZATION AND MEDICINE</h3> Civilization is a constantly expanding phenomenon. It must remain alive, sensitive, mobile, since it rests on myriads of lives. If it fails to grow, it stagnates. While individuals are born, develop, mature, decay and die and all society must rest on them, there must always be more of the vigor of youth and growth than of maturity and senility if progress is to be made. Life, and life more abundantly, is the key to human welfare. Life means health. It must have the plus
JAK2V617F homozygosity drives a phenotypic switch in myeloproliferative neoplasms, but is insufficient to sustain disease
Authors: Juan Li, David G. Kent, Anna L. Godfrey, Harriet Manning, Jyoti Nangalia, Athar Aziz, Edwin Chen, Kourosh Saeb-Parsy, Juergen Fink, Rachel Sneade, Tina L. Hamilton, Dean C. Pask, Yvonne Silber, Xiaodong Zhao, Cedric Ghevaert, Pentao Liu, Anthony R. Green
Journal: Blood (2014)
Non‐Cell‐Adhesive Substrates for Printing of Arrayed Biomaterials
Authors: Eric A. Appel, Benjamin L. Larson, Kathryn M. Luly, Jinseong D. Kim, Robert Langer
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Cellular microarrays have become extremely useful in expediting the investigation of large libraries of (bio)materials for both in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. An exceedingly simple strategy is developed for the fabrication of non-cell-adhesive substrates supporting the immobilization of diverse (bio)material features, including both monomeric and polymeric adhesion molecules (e.g., RGD and polylysine), hydrogels, and polymers. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Comparison of effect of thiazolidinediones on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Authors: Masaaki Miyata, Qi Gong, Sadatoshi Biro, Hideyuki Eto, Koji Orihara, Toru Obata, Shinichi Minagoe, Chuwa Tei
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Prader-Willi phenotype caused by paternal deficiency for the HBII-85 C/D box small nucleolar RNA cluster
Authors: Trilochan Sahoo, Daniela del Gaudio, Jennifer R German, Marwan Shinawi, Sarika U Peters, Richard E Person, Adolfo Garnica, Sau Wai Cheung, Arthur L Beaudet
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Effect of capacitor size and pathway resistance on defibrillation threshold for implantable defibrillators.
Authors: C D Swerdlow, R M Kass, P S Chen, C Hwang, S Raissi
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The time constant of truncated exponential pulses used with implantable defibrillators is determined by the output capacitor size and defibrillation pathway resistance. The optimal capacitor size is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This study compared defibrillation threshold (DFT) for standard 120-microF capacitors (DFT120) and smaller 60-microF capacitors (DFT60) at implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators in 67 patients using epicardial electrodes (15 patients) or one of four transvenous electrode configurations (52 patients). Paired comparisons of DFT60 and DFT120 were made for 44 defibrillation pathways using monophasic pulses and for 53 pathways using biphasic pulses. Truncated exponential pulses with 65% tilt were used. Pooled data from all electrode configurations showed a significant inverse correlation between pathway resistance and the ratio of stored energy DFT60 to DFT120 (monophasic pulses: r = .75, P = .0001; biphasic pulses: r = .68, P = .0001). Data from all electrode configurations formed a continuum with 120-microF capacitors superior for low-resistance pathways and 60-microF capacitors superior for high-resistance pathways. For pathways with resistance &lt; or = 40 omega, the modest advantage of 120-microF capacitors applied primarily to pathways with low DFTs: 8.2 +/- 6.1 versus 9.6 +/- 5.4 J (P = .001) for monophasic pulses and 4.1 +/- 2.8 versus 5.1 +/- 3.1 J (P &lt; .02) for biphasic pulses. The greater advantage of 60-microF capacitors for pathways with resistance &gt; or = 61 omega applied to pathways with higher DFTs: 12.4 +/- 4.3 versus 23.1 +/- 6.4 J (P = .0001) for monophasic pulses and 8.5 +/- 4.9 versus 12.5 +/- 6.4 J (P = .0001) for biphasic pulses. For pathways using monophasic 120-microF pulses versus 95% for 60-microF pulses. Similarly, the DFT was &lt; or = 10 J for 48% of pathways using biphasic 120-microF capacitors versus 83% for 60-microF pulses. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with conventional 120-microF capacitors, 60-microF capacitors had clinically insignificant higher DFTs for low-resistance pathways and clinically important lower DFTs for high-resistance pathways. Optimal capacitance is inversely related to pathway resistance for clinical defibrillation pathways and waveforms.
THE EFFECTS OF STILBOESTROL ON THE SURFACE SEBUM AND UPON ACNE VULGARIS.
Authors: A. JARRETT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article THE EFFECTS OF STILBOESTROL ON THE SURFACE SEBUM AND UPON ACNE VULGARIS. Get access A. JARRETT, M.B., M.R.C.P.Edin. A. JARRETT, M.B., M.R.C.P.Edin. Dermatological Registrar, University College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 5, 1 May 1955, Pages 165–179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12715.x Published: 01 May 1955
Phosphorylation of Troponin I by Protein Kinase A Accelerates Relaxation and Crossbridge Cycle Kinetics in Mouse Ventricular Muscle
Authors: Jonathan C. Kentish, Diana T. McCloskey, Joanne Layland, Sue Palmer, Jeffrey M. Leiden, Anne F. Martin, R. John Solaro
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Phosphorylation of cardiac myofibrils by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) can increase the intrinsic rate of myofibrillar relaxation, which may contribute to the shortening of the cardiac twitch during β-adrenoceptor stimulation. However, it is not known whether the acceleration of myofibrillar relaxation is due to phosphorylation of troponin I (TnI) or of myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C). To distinguish between these possibilities, we used transgenic mice that overexpress the nonphosphorylatable, slow skeletal isoform of TnI in the myocardium and do not express the normal, phosphorylatable cardiac TnI. The intrinsic rate of relaxation of myofibrils from wild-type and transgenic mice was measured using flash photolysis of diazo-2 to rapidly decrease the [Ca 2+ ] within skinned muscles from the mouse ventricles. Incubation with PKA nearly doubled the intrinsic rate of myofibrillar relaxation in muscles from wild-type mice (relaxation half-time fell from ≈150 to ≈90 ms at 22°C) but had no effect on the relaxation rate of muscles from the transgenic mice. In parallel studies with intact muscles, we assessed crossbridge kinetics indirectly by determining f min (the frequency for minimum dynamic stiffness) during tetanic contractions. Stimulation of β-adrenoceptors with isoproterenol increased f min from 1.9 to 3.1 Hz in muscles from wild-type mice but had no effect on f min in muscles from transgenic mice. We conclude that the acceleration of myofibrillar relaxation rate by PKA is due to phosphorylation of TnI, rather than MyBP-C, and that this may be due, at least in part, to faster crossbridge cycle kinetics.
Direct Demonstration of Instabilities in Oxygen Concentrations within the Extravascular Compartment of an Experimental Tumor
Authors: Jennifer Lanzen, Rod D. Braun, Bruce Klitzman, David Brizel, Timothy W. Secomb, Mark W. Dewhirst
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract To test the hypothesis that temporal variations in microvessel red cell flux cause unstable oxygen levels in tumor interstitium, extravascular oxygenation of R3230Ac mammary tumors grown in skin-fold window chambers was measured using recessed tip polarographic microelectrodes. Red cell fluxes in microvessels surrounding pO2 measurement locations were measured using fluorescently labeled red cells. Temporal pO2 instability was observed in all experiments. Median pO2 was inversely related to radial distance from microvessels. Transient fluctuations above and below 10 mm Hg were consistently seen, except in one experiment near the oxygen diffusion distance limit (140 μm) where pO2 fluctuations were &amp;lt;2 mm Hg and median pO2 was &amp;lt;5 mm Hg. Vascular stasis was not seen in these experiments. These results show that fluctuations in red cell flux, as opposed to vascular stasis, can cause temporal variations in pO2 that extend from perivascular regions to the maximum oxygen diffusion distance. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2219-23)
Elsewhere in This Issue...
Authors: Fred S. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

T. S. Eliot1 once wrote of the subscribers to another Boston publication:The readers of the Boston Evening Transcript Sway in the wind like a field of ripe corn When evening quickens faintly in the street, Wakening the appetites of life in some And to others bringing the Boston Evening Transcript... Not so the readers of the Journal!They are hebdomadally provoked, cajoled and stimulated by an endless barrage of carefully culled medical stuff. And lest they not appreciate these offerings, they are, in these columns, set right by some taste-maker or instructed by some pace-setter to appreciate the importance . . .
American Medicine Comes of Age, 1840-1920: Essays to Commemorate the Founding of The Journal of the American Medical Association, July 14, 1883
Authors: James G. Burrow
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This volume includes 24 essays on American medical history that appeared consecutively, at monthly intervals, in<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>beginning with the issue of July 9, 1982. In these essays commemorating the establishment ofThe Journalin 1883, Lester S. King, MD, a member of its editorial staff and a distinguished medical historian, has emphasized the social and economic side of medicine as well as its scientific development. He has restricted his treatment largely to major developments in the American medical scene from near the middle of the 19th century to the early 20th century, but he also provides an account of the heritage English and Colonial medicine transmitted to the 19th century. King explains the limited extent to which the American colonies could appropriate English medical models. The English two-tier medical structure, including physicians in the first tier and apothecaries and surgeons in the second, could
For Military Medicine, 'Nothing in the World Constant but Inconstancy'
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1996)

CHANGES SWEEPING across medicine in this country are having global implications for US physicians in uniform. Prevailing opinion, as expressed at the 103rd annual meeting of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States (AMSUS), seems to be that the military part of the medical community is undergoing the most widespread upheaval in its history. These changes—unprecedented in scope and rapidity—follow the end of the Cold War, speakers at the AMSUS meeting emphasized. In particular, despite an ongoing reduction in the armed forces' size, facilities, and resources, US military medicine still must care for the troops, their families, and some retirees. This must be done while US military medicine is supporting more and longer deployments like the now-extended mission in Bosnia, but still remaining prepared to treat casualties in case of combat. At the same time, the AMSUS speakers note, US military medicine is facing more varied, more widely
Microvascular abnormalities of the portal hypertensive gastric mucosa
Authors: Andrzej S. Tarnawski, James I. Sarfeh, Jerzy Stachura, Andrew Hajduczek, Hai X. Bui, Wojciech Dabros, Hella Gergely
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Compared with normotensive mucosa, the portal hypertensive gastric mucosa has increased susceptibility to injury by noxious agents such as alcohol and aspirin, but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear. Since the microvasculature of the normal gastric mucosa is an important target of injury by these agents, we studied the histologic and ultrastructural features of gastric vasculature and mucosal microvasculature in rats with portal hypertension (produced by staged portal vein ligation) and in sham-operated rats. In portal hypertensive rats, the gastric mucosa was swollen and hyperemic and the endothelial cells of mucosal microvessels had very prominent enlarged cytoplasm obstructing capillary lumina. Quantitative analysis of transmission electron micrographs demonstrated that in portal hypertensive rats the gastric mucosal capillary endothelium had significantly increased cytoplasmic area (236%), increased pinocytic vesicular area (416%) and increased capillary basement membrane thickness (143%) compared to respective parameters in sham-operated control rats. Arterioles in the muscularis mucosae and in submucosa were thickened, and submucosal veins demonstrated features of arterialization. All these findings indicate that portal hypertension produces definite microvascular changes in the gastric mucosa resulting in compromise of the capillary lumina. These changes may be the basis for the observed morphologic and functional abnormalities of the portal hypertensive mucosa and its increased predisposition to injury.
Improved Atrial Mechanical Efficiency During Alternate- and Multiple-Site Atrial Pacing Compared With Conventional Right Atrial Appendage Pacing: Implications for Selective Site Pacing to Prevent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hung-Fat Tse, Douglas A. Hettrick, Rahul Mehra, Chu-Pak Lau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Percutaneous Transendocardial Delivery of Self-complementary Adeno-associated Virus 6 Achieves Global Cardiac Gene Transfer in Canines
Authors: Lawrence T Bish, Meg M Sleeper, Benjamin Brainard, Stephen Cole, Nicholas Russell, Elanor Withnall, Jason Arndt, Caryn Reynolds, Ellen Davison, Julio Sanmiguel, Di Wu, Guangping Gao, James M Wilson, H Lee Sweeney
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Achieving efficient cardiac gene transfer in a large animal model has proven to be technically challenging. Previous strategies have used cardiopulmonary bypass or dual catheterization with the aid of vasodilators to deliver vectors, such as adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), or plasmid DNA. Although single-stranded AAV (ssAAV) vectors have shown the greatest promise, they suffer from delayed expression, which might be circumvented using self-complementary vectors. We sought to optimize cardiac gene transfer using a percutaneous transendocardial injection catheter to deliver adeno-associated viral vectors to the canine myocardium. Four vectors were evaluated-ssAAV9, self-complementary AAV9 (scAAV9), scAAV8, scAAV6-so that comparison could be made between single-stranded and self-complementary vectors as well as among serotypes 9, 8, and 6. We demonstrate that scAAV is superior to ssAAV and that AAV 6 is superior to the other serotypes evaluated. Biodistribution studies revealed that vector genome copies were 15-4,000 times more abundant in the heart than in any other organ for scAAV6. Percutaneous transendocardial injection of scAAV6 is a safe, effective method to achieve efficient cardiac gene transfer.
Pivotal Role of gp91 <sup> <i>phox</i> </sup> -Containing NADH Oxidase in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression and Myocardial Depression
Authors: Tianqing Peng, Xiangru Lu, Qingping Feng
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces cardiomyocyte tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, which is responsible for myocardial depression during sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of gp91 phox -containing NADH oxidase signaling in cardiomyocyte TNF-α expression and myocardial dysfunction induced by LPS. Methods and Results— In cultured mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes, LPS increased NADH oxidase (gp91 phox subunit) expression and superoxide generation. Deficiency of gp91 phox or inhibition of NADH oxidase blocked TNF-α expression stimulated by LPS. TNF-α induction was also inhibited by tempol, N -acetylcysteine, or 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiourea. NADH oxidase activation by LPS increased ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation, and inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation blocked the effect of NADH oxidase on TNF-α expression. Isolated mouse hearts were perfused with LPS (5 μg/mL) alone or in the presence of apocynin for 1 hour. Myocardial TNF-α production was decreased in gp91 phox -deficient or apocynin-treated hearts compared with those of wild type ( P &lt;0.05). To investigate the role of gp91 phox -containing NADH oxidase in endotoxemia, mice were treated with LPS (4 mg/kg IP) for 4 and 24 hours, and their heart function was measured with a Langendorff system. Deficiency of gp91 phox significantly attenuated LPS-induced myocardial depression ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— gp91 phox -Containing NADH oxidase is pivotal in LPS-induced TNF-α expression and cardiac depression. Effects of NADH oxidase activation are mediated by ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway. The present results suggest that gp91 phox -containing NADH oxidase may represent a potential therapeutic target for myocardial dysfunction in sepsis.
Cockroaches and Cherry Stones
Authors: Dwight L. Wilbur
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Let me express again my deep gratitude for the great honor you have conferred on me by permitting me to address you as your President. In my inaugural remarks, I tried to make clear that the most important function of local and state medical associations and the AMA is to plan—plan thoroughly and wisely toward the goal of medical care of high quality for everyone in America. I posed many questions for the medical profession and for all medical associations. Now I would like to discuss these questions in greater detail and to suggest some answers. <h3>Changes in Medicine in the 19th Century</h3> But first to show that accident as well as planning is vital in medical progress—as well as in planning to take advantage of unexpected developments—here are two delightful vignettes of great changes in medicine in the 19th century. Cockroaches and cherry stones! What have they to do
Evaluation of Patients With Local Reactions to Insulin With Skin Tests and In Vitro Techniques
Authors: Richard D DeShazo, Patricia Mather, William Grant, Dean Carrington, Johnette M Frentz, Mark Lueg, Albert A Lauritano, Karen Falholt
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

To better understand the part played by IgE and IgG antibody in the production of dermal reactions to insulin and the usefulness of skin tests in the evaluation of these reactions, we studied 21 diabetic patients referred for evaluation of large local insulin reactions, 46 diabetic patients without local insulin reactions, and 22 healthy nondiabetic controls. Study subjects were skin tested with 15 different insulins, and the results were evaluated over 48 h. All control subjects and 41 of 46 diabetic patients without local reactions were skin-test negative to insulin. The 11% of diabetic patients who reacted had positive wheal-and-flare reactions at 20 min to animal-species insulin but negative skin tests to human insulin. Study revealed two subgroups of patients with histories of local reactions. Ten (48%) of these patients had negative skin tests to insulin. The 11% of diabetic patients who reacted had positive wheal-and-flare reactions at 20 min to animal-species insulin but negative skin tests to human insulin. Study revealed two subgroups of patients with histories of local reactions. Ten (48%) of these patients had negative skin tests to insulin. Five of this subgroup remained skin-test negative to quantities of ≥8 U insulin/skin test. Eleven (52%) of the patients formed a subgroup with positive insulin skin tests; most of these patients were skin-test positive to human insulin and to beef, pork, or both insulins as well. Although the group mean insulin-specific IgE values of this latter subgroup were significantly higher than those of any other study group, overlap of these individual IgE values did not allow separation of specific individuals with positive skin tests from those of patients on insulin without dermal reactions. IgE-to-IgG insulin-specific antibody ratios in the subgroup with histories of reactions but negative skin tests were lower (0.72—0.86) than those of the patient subgroup with positive skin tests (1.98—2.36) or diabetics without reactions (0.98–1.61). We hypothesize that patients in the subgroup with positive skin tests had a primary IgE response to insulin, whereas patients in the subgroup with negative skin tests were undergoing a change from a predominant IgE response to a predominant IgG response to insulin. We conclude that skin testing with 1 U insulin/test is a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective method to detect clinically meaningful levels of insulin-specific IgE associated with large local reactions. Furthermore, up to half of the patients referred for specialized evaluation of large local reactions will have unreproducible reactions and negative skin tests that appear to reflect a process of spontaneous desensitization.
The Syndrome of Gastric Argyrophil Carcinoid Tumors and Nonantral Gastric Atrophy
Authors: J. AlDAN CARNEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Records of the 30 cases of gastric carcinoid at the Mayo Clinic showed that the gastric mucosa was normal, hyperplastic, or atrophic (nonantral) in 12, 2, or 16 patients, respectively. In the atrophic group, the tumors were in the gastric body and fundus; small, polypoid, and multicentric; and associated with fundal argyrophil cell hyperplasia. In immunocytochemical studies, minor tumor cell populations stained positively for 5-hydroxytryptamine, gastrin, and somatostatin in 1 case and for 5-hydroxytryptamine in 3 others. Metastasis occurred in 3 patients. Twelve patients had pernicious anemia. Parietal cell or intrinsic factor antibodies or both were present in all 12 patients tested. Each of the 7 patients with an intact antrum had massive hypergastrinemia. No common HLA-A, -B, or -DR antigen pattern was detected among the 10 patients tested. The results suggest that nonantral gastric atrophy predisposes to gastric carcinoid as well as to gastric carcinoma.
We need leaders, not leadership fads
Authors: Michael Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (2011)

According to my Belbin team role inventory, an assessment used to gain insight into an individual’s behaviour in teams, I am a mixture of a “company worker” and a “resource investigator.” So, I’m an affable fellow who doesn’t rock the boat, and although I come up with some nice ideas, I never actually get anything done (unlike my “completer finisher” wife). At least I presume that these roles are correct: I must confess that I filled in the four page questionnaire in about two minutes before our meeting on management skills. And I was not the only one.

Team roles, team building, personality types, and the like have been a cottage industry in the hugely expanding world of management advice during the recent boom years. Both private and public sectors have embraced the opportunity to be involved in such away days. The desired outcomes, including increased productivity, efficiency, and governance, have probably been achieved to varying degrees, and I fear that several organisations have found themselves a year on from their development …