tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Current Management of Severe Congenital Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Doff B. McElhinney, Megan C. Sherwood, John F. Keane, Pedro J. del Nido, Christopher S.D. Almond, James E. Lock
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Severe congenital mitral stenosis (MS) is a rare anomaly that is frequently associated with additional left heart obstructions. Anatomic treatments for congenital MS include balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMVP), surgical mitral valvuloplasty (SMVP), and mitral valve replacement (MVR), although the optimal therapeutic strategy is unclear.Between 1985 and 2003, 108 patients with severe congenital MS underwent BMVP or surgical intervention at a median age of 18 months (range 1 month to 17.9 years). Anatomic subtypes of MS were "typical" congenital MS in 78 patients, supravalvar mitral ring in 46, parachute mitral valve in 28, and double-orifice mitral valve in 11, with multiple types in approximately 50% of patients. Additional left heart anomalies were present in 82 patients (76%). The first MS intervention was BMVP in 64 patients, SMVP in 33, and MVR in 11. BMVP decreased peak and mean MS gradients by a median of 33% and 38%, respectively (P<0.001), but was complicated by significant mitral regurgitation in 28%. Cross-sectional follow-up was obtained at 4.8+/-4.2 years. Overall, Kaplan-Meier survival was 92% at 1 month, 84% at 1 year, and 77% at 5 years, with 69% 5-year survival during the first decade of our experience and 87% since (P=0.09). Initial MVR and younger age were associated with worse survival. Survival free from failure of biventricular repair or mitral valve reintervention was 55% at 1 year among patients who underwent BMVP and 69% among patients who underwent supravalvar mitral ring resection initially. Among patients who underwent BMVP, survival free from failure of biventricular repair or MVR was 79% at 1 month and 55% at 5 years, with worse outcome in younger patients and those who developed significant postdilation mitral regurgitation.BMVP effectively relieves left ventricular inflow obstruction in most infants and children with severe congenital MS who require intervention. However, surgical resection is preferable in patients with MS due to a supravalvar mitral ring. Five-year survival is relatively poor in patients with severe congenital MS, with worse outcomes in infants and patients undergoing MVR, but has improved in our more recent experience. Many patients have undergone second procedures for either recurrent/residual MS or mitral regurgitation resulting from dilation-related disruption of the mitral valve apparatus.
Sexual abuse is not the only childhood adversity that may lead to later depression
Authors: P. A Cotter
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Cheasty et al have provided further support for the association between childhood sexual abuse and adult depression.1 This adds to the growing body of research that describes the effects of childhood maltreatment on the development of adult psychopathology and further highlights the need for interventional psychiatry.2

Sexual abuse is often considered …
The Value of a Baseline Bone Scan in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer
Authors: K E LIN, ZSOLT SZABO, BENNETT B. CHIN, A. CAHID CIVELEK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

This study evaluated the role of bone scans in managing newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer.Two hundred seventy consecutive staging bone scans in patients (mean age, 69 years) with newly diagnosed prostate cancer who had serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) determinations and biopsies between January 1995 and October 1997 were evaluated retrospectively.The bone scans were positive for metastatic bone disease in 24 patients and negative in 246. Serum PSA levels, the number of positive biopsy cores, the extent of tumor in the prostate gland, and Gleason scores were all significantly correlated with scintigraphic bone metastases (P < 0.0001 for each). Of the 177 patients with PSA levels less than 10 ng/ml, three had bone metastases. Bone metastases were found in 2 of 34 patients with PSA levels of 10.1 to 20 ng/ml, in 3 of 29 patients with PSA values of 20.1 to 50 ng/ml, and in 16 of 30 patients with PSA levels greater than 50.1 ng/ml. Only one patient had a bone metastasis when the prostate cancer involved fewer than 2 biopsy cores (1 of 135) or when disease was confined to one lobe (1 of 131), but the incidence increased significantly when the malignancy involved three or more biopsy cores (20 of 114) or disease was present in both prostate lobes (20 of 118). Four of 160 patients with Gleason scores less than 6 had bone metastases, whereas 20 of 110 patients with Gleason scores greater than 7 had bone metastases.The likelihood of bone metastases is low in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer when the initial PSA level was less than 10 ng/ml, the number of positive biopsy cores was less than 2, tumor was confined to one lobe, or the Gleason score was less than 6. However, none of these criteria can be used to exclude metastatic bone disease. A baseline bone scan is an important staging procedure and should be obtained to provide maximum data for clinical management of the disease.
Raised alpha-fetoprotein levels associated with minor congenital defect.
Authors: V Jandial, H Thom, J Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Teflon cannula being passed over floppy-ended guide wvire into left subclavian vein by supraclavicular ap- proach.produce kinking of the cannula and limited the mobility of the pa- tient's neck and shoulder.The guide-wire technique avoids these problems (see illustration).Subsequent nursing care is greatly simplified and provided the usual aseptic precautions are taken there is no increased risk of infection.
The novel immunotoxin HM1.24-ETA′ induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells
Authors: M Staudinger, P Glorius, R Burger, C Kellner, K Klausz, A Günther, R Repp, W Klapper, M Gramatzki, M Peipp
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Despite new treatment modalities, the clinical outcome in a substantial number of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has yet to be improved. Antibody-based targeted therapies for myeloma patients could make use of the HM1.24 antigen (CD317), a surface molecule overexpressed on malignant plasma cells and efficiently internalized. Here, a novel immunotoxin, HM1.24-ETA', is described. HM1.24-ETA' was generated by genetic fusion of a CD317-specific single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody and a truncated variant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA'). HM1.24-ETA' inhibited growth of interleukin 6 (IL-6)-dependent and -independent myeloma cell lines. Half-maximal growth inhibition was observed at concentrations as low as 0.3 nM. Target cell killing occurred via induction of apoptosis and was unaffected in co-culture experiments with bone marrow stromal cells. HM1.24-ETA' efficiently triggered apoptosis of freshly isolated/cryopreserved cells of patients with plasma cell leukemia and MM and was active in a preclinical severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse xenograft model. Importantly, HM1.24-ETA' was not cytotoxic against CD317-positive cells from healthy tissue (monocytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells). These results indicate that CD317 may represent a promising target structure for specific and efficient immunotoxin therapy for patients with plasma cell tumors.
Differential effects of new‐generation H<sub>1</sub>‐receptor antagonists in pruritic dermatoses
Authors: B. M. Henz, P. Metzenauer, E. O'Keefe, T. Zuberbier
Journal: Allergy (1998)

In search of an improved treatment of pruritic dermatoses, we have studied azelastine, a novel H 1 ‐receptor antagonist, during a 2‐week treatment period, using a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled design. The potent H 1 ‐antagonist cetirizine was used for comparison. Symptoms were recorded daily by the patients on a diary card, using a 4‐point scale. The same parameters and adverse events were evaluated at weekly intervals, and global improvement was evaluated at the end of treatment. In all 230 evaluable patients with moderate to severe itching, azelastine caused an overall significant improvement in comparison to placebo (F=0.02), with significance also for pruritus (P=0.01 after 1 week and P=0.02 after 2 weeks). Both drugs reduced itching more effectively in urticaria than in atopic eczema. Azelastine was superior to cetirizine in reducing pruritus, whereas cetirizine caused a more marked reduction of whealing. Both drugs rarely caused fatigue and dry mouth, but taste perversion occurred only in azelastine‐treated patients (9.7%) and headaches only with cetirizine (10.4%). Therefore, the two H, blockers exert differential effects on pruritus verses whealing and a distinctive adverse events pattern. TTie data also underline the low efficacy of antihistamines in atopic eczema, compared to urticaria.
Ablation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Increases Severity of Viral Myocarditis in Mice
Authors: Caroline Cheung, David Marchant, Elizabeth K.-Y. Walker, Zongshu Luo, Jingchun Zhang, Bobby Yanagawa, Maziar Rahmani, Jennifer Cox, Christopher Overall, Robert M. Senior, Honglin Luo, Bruce M. McManus
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) causes human myocarditis, which can result in cardiac damage, maladaptive remodeling, and heart failure. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 and -9 have been identified in virus-infected myocardium, but their particular roles and underlying mechanisms of effect are unknown. For the first time, we examine the severity of CVB3-induced myocarditis in MMP-8-and MMP-9-deficient mice.CVB3-infected MMP-8 and MMP-9 knockout (KO) mice and corresponding wild-type (WT) mice were euthanized and harvested at 9 days after infection. Expression of MMP-2, -8, -12, and -13 and tissue inhibitors of MMPs was assessed by zymography or immunoblotting on harvested hearts, and in situ hybridization was performed to detect active infection. Infected MMP-9 KO mice had greater myocardial injury and foci of infection than WT mice despite similar pancreatic infection. Increased fibrosis (10.6+/-2.7% versus 7.1+/-2.6%, P=0.04), viral titer, as well as decreased cardiac output, were evident in MMP-9 KO compared with WT mice as assessed by picrosirius red staining, plaque assay, and echocardiography, respectively. Immune infiltration was also greatly increased in MMP-9 KO compared with WT mice (15.2+/-12.6% versus 2.0+/-3.0%, P<0.002). Myocardial interferon-beta1, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha expression was elevated in MMP-9 KO mice as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. In contrast, MMP-8 KO mice had the same degree of cardiac injury, fibrosis, and viral infection as their WT counterparts.During acute CVB3 infection, MMP-9 appears necessary to halt virus propagation in the heart, promote proper immune infiltration and remodeling, and preserve cardiac output.
Self Glucose Monitoring: A Comparison of the GLucometer, Glucoscan, and Hypocount B
Authors: Jill D Nelson, Mary A Woelk, Sam Sheps
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Three reflectance meters available in Canada for glucose self monitoring were assessed for accuracy and reliability in determining capillary blood glucose compared with venous serum glucose assayed by the laboratory hexokinase method and to capillary whole blood glucose determined by the glucose-oxidase method on a YSI (Yellow Springs Instrument, Yellow Springs, Ohio). The readings with all three meters correlated with serum glucose rather than with whole blood glucose. The Ames Glucometer (Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Rexdale, Ontario, Canada) was found to have the best predictive value over the full range of serum glucoses from 30 to 399 mg/dl. The Lifescan Glucoscan (Lifescan Inc., Mountainview, California), although reading satisfactorily in the range 30–180 mg/dl, significantly underestimated the capillary glucose at values &amp;gt; 180 mg/dl. The Hypoguard Hypocount B (Hypoguard Ltd., Suffolk, England) on the other hand read consistently high in the range 30–99 mg/dl but read satisfactorily over the range 100–399 mg/dl. All three methods, however, had inherent limitations that must be taken into account in their clinical application.
URINARY UROCANIC ACID IN MAN: THE IDENTIFICATION OF UROCANIC ACID AND THE COMPARATIVE EXCRETIONS OF UROCANIC ACID AND N-FORMIMINOGLUTAMIC ACID AFTER ORAL HISTIDINE IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE
Authors: A. D. Merritt, D. L. Rucknagel, M. Silverman, R. C. Gardiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)
Gray-Scale Ultrasonography and Thin-Needle Cholangiography
Authors: Leonard I. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Gray-scale ultrasonography (GSU) and thin-needle cholangiography (TNC) were performed in 35 consecutive patients with unexplained jaundice. The status of the biliary tree was correctly assessed by GSU in 33 of 35 cases (94%); in two patients technical difficulty prevented definitive assessment. Neither false-positive nor false-negative results were encountered. There were no discrepancies between the results of GSU and TNC. We conclude that GSU provides a safe, highly reliable method of assessing the jaundiced patient and should be the preferred initial procedure in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with jaundice when the major diffential lies between the medical and surgical types. If GSU does not demonstrate a dilated biliary system, TNC is unnecessary, and other diagnositc studies should be undertaken. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1041-1044, 1977)
Infused L-Histidinol and Cisplatin: Schedule, Specificity, and Proliferation Dependence
Authors: M. B. Edelstein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

The dose and schedule requirements found for the combination of Lhistidinol and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were concordant with those for the combination of L-histidinol and cisplatin. Furthermore, cisplatin-L-histidinol was active against colon 26 tumor, an adenocarcinoma that developed in a BALB/c female mouse and that has been grown as a solid tumor. The toxicity of cisplatin was prevented only when cisplatin was given before Lhistidinol. Studies of L-histidinol and 5-FU had similar results. For (DBA/2 X BALB/c)F1 mice, 50 mg of L-histidinol per mouse was required for protection; for hematopoietic precursor cells, protection was dependent on the dose of L-histidinol. In contrast, both L1210 leukemia cells and colon 26 adenocarcinoma cells were more efficiently killed by combinations of L-histidinol and cisplatin. This effect depended on the doses of L-histidinol and cisplatin, a finding similar to the finding for hematopoietic precursor cells.
Studies on the clearance of calcium pyrophosphate crystals from facsimile synovium.
Authors: Y M Sin, A D Sedgwick, A Moore, D A Willoughby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals have been injected into the air pouch model of facsimile synovium. At various time intervals after crystal injection both infiltrating exudate cells and lining tissue were examined for the presence of crystalline material. The results show that the crystals are initially engulfed by mononuclear cells and to a lesser extent by polymorphonuclear cells in the exudate. Later, crystals became embedded in the lining tissue either within mononuclear cells or as crystal masses confined within granulomas. These studies suggest that the mesenchymal cells ( facsimile synovium) lining rat air pouches can clear calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals from the air pouch cavity. It is therefore inferred that crystals found in the lining of human joint synovium may be incorporated therein by a similar mechanism.
Pholcodine stimulates a dramatic increase of IgE in IgE‐sensitized individuals. A pilot study
Authors: E. Florvaag, S. G. O. Johansson, H. Öman, T. Harboe, A. Nopp
Journal: Allergy (2005)

A previous study showed a relation between pholcodine (PHO) consumption, prevalence of IgE-sensitization to PHO, morphine (MOR) and suxamethonium (SUX) and anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA). The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effect on IgE production, in IgE-sensitized and nonsensitized individuals, of exposure to cough syrup and environmental chemicals containing PHO, MOR and SUX related allergenic structures.Serum concentrations of IgE and IgE antibodies to PHO, MOR and SUX allergens measured by ImmunoCAP (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden) were followed after intake of cough syrup, or exposure to confectionary and other household chemicals containing various amounts of substances cross-reacting with PHO, MOR and SUX.Cough syrup containing PHO gave, in sensitized individuals, within 1-2 weeks, an increase of IgE of 60-105 times and of IgE antibodies to PHO, MOR and SUX in the order of 30-80 times. The tested confectionary did not have any similar stimulating effect but seemed to counteract the expected decrease of IgE. No effect was seen in nonsensitized individuals. The PHO stimulated IgE showed a nonspecific binding to ImmunoCAP with common allergens and glycine background ImmunoCAP that was up to 10-fold higher than that of monomeric myeloma-IgE at twice the concentration.It seems as cough syrups containing PHO have a most remarkable IgE boostering effect in persons IgE-sensitized to PHO, MOR and SUX related allergens. Household chemicals containing such allergenic epitopes seem capable of some, minor, stimulation.
Dynamic Interactions Between Musical, Cardiovascular, and Cerebral Rhythms in Humans
Authors: Luciano Bernardi, Cesare Porta, Gaia Casucci, Rossella Balsamo, Nicolò F. Bernardi, Roberto Fogari, Peter Sleight
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Reactions to music are considered subjective, but previous studies suggested that cardiorespiratory variables increase with faster tempo independent of individual preference. We tested whether compositions characterized by variable emphasis could produce parallel instantaneous cardiovascular/respiratory responses and whether these changes mirrored music profiles. Methods and Results— Twenty-four young healthy subjects, 12 musicians (choristers) and 12 nonmusician control subjects, listened (in random order) to music with vocal (Puccini’s “Turandot”) or orchestral (Beethoven’s 9th Symphony adagio) progressive crescendos, more uniform emphasis (Bach cantata), 10-second period (ie, similar to Mayer waves) rhythmic phrases (Giuseppe Verdi’s arias “Va pensiero” and “Libiam nei lieti calici”), or silence while heart rate, respiration, blood pressures, middle cerebral artery flow velocity, and skin vasomotion were recorded. Common responses were recognized by averaging instantaneous cardiorespiratory responses regressed against changes in music profiles and by coherence analysis during rhythmic phrases. Vocal and orchestral crescendos produced significant ( P =0.05 or better) correlations between cardiovascular or respiratory signals and music profile, particularly skin vasoconstriction and blood pressures, proportional to crescendo, in contrast to uniform emphasis, which induced skin vasodilation and reduction in blood pressures. Correlations were significant both in individual and group-averaged signals. Phrases at 10-second periods by Verdi entrained the cardiovascular autonomic variables. No qualitative differences in recorded measurements were seen between musicians and nonmusicians. Conclusions— Music emphasis and rhythmic phrases are tracked consistently by physiological variables. Autonomic responses are synchronized with music, which might therefore convey emotions through autonomic arousal during crescendos or rhythmic phrases.
Brain Abnormalities in Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Observed With Statistical Parametric Mapping of Structural Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Elizabeth R. Sowell, Jennifer Levitt, Paul M. Thompson, Colin J. Holmes, Rebecca E. Blanton, David S. Kornsand, Rochelle Caplan, James McCracken, Robert Asarnow, Arthur W. Toga
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

The purpose of this study was to assess neuroanatomic abnormalities in children and adolescents with childhood-onset schizophrenia by using whole-brain voxel-based morphometric analyses. Previous volumetric studies of brain abnormalities in childhood-onset schizophrenia have revealed anomalies similar to those in subjects with adult-onset schizophrenia. Specifically, low cerebral volume, high ventricular volume, and thalamic, basal ganglia, callosal, and temporal lobe abnormalities have been observed in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Relatively few anatomical structures have been delineated and measured in this rare population, partly because of the labor involved in the slice-by-slice region definition required of conventional volumetric image analyses.The subjects were 10 normal children and adolescents and nine children and adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia (mean age at diagnosis, 11.0 years; range, 7-16 years). The authors conducted voxel-by-voxel and volumetric statistical analyses of high-resolution structural magnetic resonance images.Statistical parametric maps of gray matter, white matter, and CSF differences between the groups revealed that the subjects with early-onset schizophrenia had larger ventricles, predominantly in the posterior horns of the lateral ventricles, and midcallosal, posterior cingulate, caudate, and thalamic abnormalities. Volumetric analyses of the lateral ventricles in native image data space confirmed significantly higher volume in posterior, but not anterior, regions. Randomization tests confirmed the overall statistical significance of the group differences and validity of the parametric maps.These findings are generally consistent with the findings of other research groups, but localization of enlarged ventricles specific to the posterior region may be a new finding in the literature on childhood-onset schizophrenia.
Depsipeptide (FR 901228) promotes histone acetylation, gene transcription, apoptosis and its activity is enhanced by DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in AML1/ETO-positive leukemic cells
Authors: M I Klisovic, E A Maghraby, M R Parthun, M Guimond, A R Sklenar, S P Whitman, K K Chan, T Murphy, J Anon, K J Archer, L J Rush, C Plass, M R Grever, J C Byrd, G Marcucci
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Relationship Of Allergen Sensitization and LUNG Function In Adults Patients With Asthma In Allergy Clinic In Monterrey, Mexico
Authors: Hilda Hernandez Sanchez, Sandra N. Gonzalez-Diaz, Alejandra Macias-Weinmann, Alfredo Arias-Cruz, Idalia Vanessa Yanez-Perez, Lorena Rangel-Garza
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Correlation between Lung Asbestos Count at Necropsy and Radiological Appearances
Authors: P. Macpherson, J. K. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In the first 100 of a series of 600 consecutive necropsies for which a chest <i>x</i>-ray film had been taken within a year of death the features of asbestosis were observed in eight of the nine cases where the asbestos count at subsequent necropsy exceeded 40. In only one of these cases had the diagnosis of asbestosis been suggested during life. The higher the asbestos count the greater the likelihood of radiographic abnormalities, particularly calcified and non-calcified pleural plaques on the chest wall and diaphragm.