tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gout in haemoglobinopathies.
Authors: S P Ballou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Gold binding to red blood cells Sir, We noted with interest the recent correspondence on the uptake ofgold by red blood cells during treatment with sodium aurothiomalate and aurothioglucose.1 2 Two distinct groups have been identified, one with low con- centrations of gold in red blood cells and the other with very much higher concentrations.1-4We have also studied the distribution of gold in blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis during treatment with sodium aurothiomalate and confirmed these results on the intersubject differences in distribution of gold.We surveyed the patients to determine factors which might affect the distribution of gold.From this survey we have identified smoking as the major factor affecting the uptake of gold by red blood cells.The ratio of the gold con- centrations in red blood cells to the plasma concentrations was 0 35 ± 0*07, n = 14 (mean ± standard error) in smokers and 0-028 0-003, n = 23 in nonsmokers.5The difference was highly significant (p<0.0001), and there was no overlap between the 2 groups.The concentration of thiocyanate in plasma is markedly elevated by smoking.6Preliminary studies in vitro indicate that thiocyanate significantly increases gold uptake by red blood cells.Whole blood from 5 healthy, nonsmoking volunteers was incubated with sodium aurothiomalate and varying concentrations of thiocyanate.The con- centrations of gold in red blood cells after 24 hours' incubation with 0, 100 FiM, and 500 FM concentrations of thiocyanate were 0-032 + 0.002 ,ug/ml (mean ± SE), 0 * 084 ± 0 * 010 ,Lg/ml and 0*32 + 0 -05 [Lgfml respectively.This may be the explanation for the increased red blood cell gold uptake in smokers.
Decreased expression of synapse-related genes and loss of synapses in major depressive disorder
Authors: Hyo Jung Kang, Bhavya Voleti, Tibor Hajszan, Grazyna Rajkowska, Craig A Stockmeier, Pawel Licznerski, Ashley Lepack, Mahesh S Majik, Lak Shin Jeong, Mounira Banasr, Hyeon Son, Ronald S Duman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Educational Programs in US Medical Schools, 1993-1994
Authors: Harry S. Jonas
Journal: JAMA (1994)

From the data on faculty, students, and curriculum, is it possible to identify any responses to actual or anticipated health system changes? While one could foresee medical school downsizing in response to a potentially more competitive environment in which income from faculty practice would be reduced, what has occurred, on average, is steady growth in the number of faculty members across departments, with a large increase in the past year. However, expansion is not consistent across states. Between 1992-1993 and 1993-1994, the number of full-time faculty members decreased 1.5% in California medical schools, increased 3% in Minnesota medical schools, increased 6% in North Carolina medical schools, and increased 10% in New York and Pennsylvania medical schools. These differences may reflect the fiscal situation at the state level as well as differences in the practice environment in different areas. For example, managed care has not had a major effect in many markets. It will be important to monitor trends in faculty at both the national and regional levels to understand the full impact of health system changes. There is considerable diversity among US medical schools: in goals, in student profiles, and in curriculum structure. A number of schools have goals or objectives that contain a reference to the training of primary care physicians. The majority of these are public institutions, but a number of private schools have chosen to address the issue as well. Many schools, both public and private, are under external scrutiny related to the performance and specialty and practice location choices of their graduates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prognostic Factors and Predictive Models in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Contemporary Review
Authors: Maxine Sun, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Christopher Cheng, Vincenzo Ficarra, Masaru Murai, Stéphane Oudard, Allan J. Pantuck, Richard Zigeuner, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Cost of Antibiotics-Reply
Authors: B. Frank Polk
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Morbidity as defined in our article is associated with increased costs. Thus, our definitions seem justified. We look forward to the results of the acetaminophen study of Mr Schonberg. We appreciate Dr Waldman's comments and are in<i>complete</i>agreement. We hope his opinions find a receptive audience among readers and in the governmental agencies mentioned.
Specific high affinity binding and degradation of high density lipoproteins by isolated epithelial cells of human small intestine
Authors: D.D. Sviridov, I.G. Safonova, V.A. Gusev, A.G. Talalaev, V.P. Tsibulsky, V.O. Ivanov, S.N. Preobrazensky, V.S. Repin, V.N. Smirnov
Journal: Metabolism (1986)
Arun Kumar Sarkar
Authors: P G Flanagan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Former consultant geriatrician Braid Valley Hospital, Ballymena, and Antrim Hospital (b 1934; q Calcutta University 1958; FRCP), died from encephalitis on 1 October 2005.

Arun worked in Scotland before coming to Northern Ireland in 1964. After further specialist training he was appointed as consultant geriatrician at the Braid Valley Hospital in Ballymena in 1970. At that time he was the sole geriatrician in the Northern Health and Social Services Board area. He retired in 1999. Outside of medicine Arun had many interests, including geology, astronomy, and painting. He was a former president of the Ballymena Rotary Club. He leaves a wife, Norma, and two daughters.
Evaluating Clinical Trial Designs for Investigational Treatments of Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Ben S. Cooper, Maciej F. Boni, Wirichada Pan-ngum, Nicholas P. J. Day, Peter W. Horby, Piero Olliaro, Trudie Lang, Nicholas J. White, Lisa J. White, John Whitehead
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Background Experimental treatments for Ebola virus disease (EVD) might reduce EVD mortality. There is uncertainty about the ability of different clinical trial designs to identify effective treatments, and about the feasibility of implementing individually randomised controlled trials during an Ebola epidemic. Methods and Findings A treatment evaluation programme for use in EVD was devised using a multi-stage approach (MSA) with two or three stages, including both non-randomised and randomised elements. The probabilities of rightly or wrongly recommending the experimental treatment, the required sample size, and the consequences for epidemic outcomes over 100 d under two epidemic scenarios were compared for the MSA, a sequential randomised controlled trial (SRCT) with up to 20 interim analyses, and, as a reference case, a conventional randomised controlled trial (RCT) without interim analyses. Assuming 50% 14-d survival in the population treated with the current standard of supportive care, all designs had similar probabilities of identifying effective treatments correctly, while the MSA was less likely to recommend treatments that were ineffective. The MSA led to a smaller number of cases receiving ineffective treatments and faster roll-out of highly effective treatments. For less effective treatments, the MSA had a high probability of including an RCT component, leading to a somewhat longer time to roll-out or rejection. Assuming 100 new EVD cases per day, the MSA led to between 6% and 15% greater reductions in epidemic mortality over the first 100 d for highly effective treatments compared to the SRCT. Both the MSA and SRCT led to substantially fewer deaths than a conventional RCT if the tested interventions were either highly effective or harmful. In the proposed MSA, the major threat to the validity of the results of the non-randomised components is that referral patterns, standard of care, or the virus itself may change during the study period in ways that affect mortality. Adverse events are also harder to quantify without a concurrent control group. Conclusions The MSA discards ineffective treatments quickly, while reliably providing evidence concerning effective treatments. The MSA is appropriate for the clinical evaluation of EVD treatments.
Rheumatoid arthritis: involvement of the synovium in the preclinical phase?
Authors: M. J. de Hair, M. G. van de Sande, W. Bos, C. van der Leij, M. D. Smith, M. Maas, D. van Schaardenburg, B. A. Dijkmans, D. M. Gerlag, P. P. Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> The aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a prototype immune-mediated inflammatory disease, is poorly understood. Increased serum levels of acute phase reactants and autoantibodies (IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)) may be detected several years before the development of clinical signs and symptoms. Moreover, animal models of RA as well as examination of clinically uninvolved joints from established RA patients have suggested that clinically manifest arthritis may be preceded by an asymptomatic phase characterised by synovial inflammation. However, it is unknown whether the disease process starts in the synovium or at other sites in the body. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Fifty five individuals without any evidence of arthritis upon physical examination who were positive for IgM-RF and/or ACPA were included in the study and prospectively followed to assess arthritis development. To evaluate synovial inflammation, all participants underwent dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and arthroscopic synovial biopsy sampling of a knee joint at inclusion. An interim analysis of the first 13 individuals has been performed; these data are shown in this abstract. Results were compared with knee MRI data and synovial biopsy data of 6 and 10 healthy controls, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> MRI findings evaluated by measurement of maximal enhancement, rate of enhancement, synovial volume and enhancement shape curve distribution were similar in the autoantibody positive individuals compared to the healthy controls. Consistent with these findings, all but one autoantibody positive individuals showed very low scores for T cells, B cells, intimal macrophages, sublining macrophages, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, plasma cells, E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and von WiIllebrand factor, all in the same range as those in normal controls. The patient with higher scores showed patellofemoral joint space narrowing on conventional x-ray consistent with osteoarthritis. During follow-up of a median of 37 (range 25–45) months, four individuals developed clinical signs and symptoms of arthritis. In these patients the baseline synovium was completely comparable with the synovium of healthy controls and of the individuals who did not develop arthritis. Data will be presented on the larger cohort. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Subclinical inflammation of the synovium does not coincide with the appearance of serum autoantibodies during the preclinical arthritis stage. Thus, systemic autoimmunity precedes the development of synovitis, suggesting that a 'second hit' is involved. Moreover, even if there are no signs of synovial inflammation, autoantibody positive individuals may suffer from arthralgia.
Injectable Colloidal Gold in a Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate Gelating Matrix with Potential Use in Radiation Therapy
Authors: Rasmus I. Jølck, Tina Binderup, Anders E. Hansen, Jonas B. Scherman, Per Munch af Rosenschold, Andreas Kjær, Thomas L. Andresen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

External beam radiation therapy relies on the ability to deliver high radiation doses to tumor cells with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissue. Advanced irradiation techniques, including image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT), rely on the ability to locate tumors to optimize the therapeutic benefit of these techniques. Today, radiopaque fiducial tissue markers are placed in or around tumors, for example, in prostate cancer patients to enhance the precision of daily and/or real‐time IGRT. A liquid injectable fiducial marker (nanogel) is developed based on PEGylated gold nanoparticles and sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) with improved properties compared to current solid fiducial markers. The developed nanogel is investigated in vitro and subsequently evaluated in vivo in immunocompetent NMRI mice. The nanogel shows high CT‐contrast and excellent stability in vivo over a period of 12 weeks. The nanogel is found to be biocompatible and well tolerated. No induction of the inflammatory cytokines INF‐γ, IL‐6, or TNF‐α is observed throughout the study period. The developed nanogel seems to be a safe injectable fiducial marker ideally suited for IGRT that may further enhance the effect of radiation.
Regulation of chromatin accessibility and Zic binding at enhancers in the developing cerebellum
Authors: Christopher L Frank, Fang Liu, Ranjula Wijayatunge, Lingyun Song, Matthew T Biegler, Marty G Yang, Christopher M Vockley, Alexias Safi, Charles A Gersbach, Gregory E Crawford, Anne E West
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
Chest physician innovations keep sandman out of CME
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

It's another exhausting continuing medical education course. Some 430 physicians are assembled in a Chicago hotel meeting room taking the American College of Chest Physicians' (ACCP) latest course on pulmonary medicine. All are in their seats by 8 AM, and they often are still in those chairs up to ten hours later. It goes on like this for five straight days, complete with evening homework.  But what's this? Says course director Reuben M. Cherniack, MD, director, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Hospital, Denver: I haven't seen anyone nod off. And I've yet to hear a complaint.  How so? According to ACCP Executive Director Alfred Soffer, MD, the continuing interest seems to stem from a combination of motivation and participation. And the latter ingredient comes mainly from electronics.  At the fingertips of each physician in this course was a six-button voter station. Every so often, usually in the course of a
DETECTION OF VASCULARIZATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE ORBITAL IMPLANTS WRAPPED IN VICRYL MESH WITH 99M TC-MDP
Authors: E. Woo, L. Allen, R. H. Reid, A. Mattar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

† Department of Ophthalmology, Victoria Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada *Department of Nuclear Medicine, Victoria Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
INCREASED NON-ALTERNANS REPOLARIZATION VARIABILITY OF INTRACARDIAC ELECTROGRAM PRECEDES ONSET OF SPONTANEOUS VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH IMPLANTABLE DEFIBRILLATOR
Authors: Yuliya Krokhaleva, Divyang Patel, Hemal Shah, Vladimir Shusterman, Samir Saba, Jan Nemec
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Serum folate values in 423 psychiatric patients.
Authors: M W Carney
Journal: BMJ (1967)

With the recent increased use of noninvasive ventilation, the prognoses of children with neuromuscular disease has improved significantly. However, children with muscle weakness remain at risk for recurrent respiratory infection and atelectasis. We report the case of a young girl with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy who was dependent on noninvasive ventilation, and in whom conventional secretion-clearance physiotherapy became insufficient to clear secretions. We initiated high-frequency chest-wall oscillation (HFCWO) as a rescue therapy, and she had improved self-ventilation time. This is the first case report of HFCWO for secretion clearance in a severely weak child with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy. In a patient with neuromuscular disease and severe respiratory infection and compromise, HFCWO can be used safely in combination with conventional secretion-clearance physiotherapy.
Colon Perforation in Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ralph Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Lipschutz and Easterling<sup>1</sup>have recently noted that although spontaneous perforation of the colon in the absence of diverticulitis is extremely rare, they have observed two such cases and cite the report of a third<sup>2</sup>in patients with polycystic kidney disease. I have encountered a fourth. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 35-year-old man was first seen at UCLA Hospital in March 1962, with the established diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease. His mother and maternal grandmother were known to have died of the disease. He was chronically ill and anemic; his liver was moderately enlarged, firm and nontender. He had large, irregular, nontender masses in both kidney areas. Serum creatinine level was 19 mg/100 ml; blood urea nitrogen, 182 mg/100 ml; and hematocrit, 39%. He underwent hemodialysis once (long-term facilities were not yet available) and he was discharged much improved symptomatically. Hospitalization was repeated for single dialysis
The Right to Health as the Unheralded Narrative of Health Care Reform
Authors: Eric A. Friedman, Eli Y. Adashi
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Lipomas after blunt soft tissue trauma: are they real? Analysis of 31 cases
Authors: M.C. Aust, M. Spies, S. Kall, A. Gohritz, P. Boorboor, P. Kolokythas, P.M. Vogt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Soft tissue trauma and lipomas are common occurrences in surgical practice. Lipomas are defined as benign tumours of adipose tissue with so far unexplained pathogenesis and aetiology. A link between preceding blunt soft tissue trauma at the site of the tumour and the formation of lipomas has been described earlier. These soft tissue tumours have been named 'post-traumatic lipomas'.In a retrospective review, to analyse all patients with benign adipose tissue tumours treated at our institution between August 2001 and January 2007.All cases were reviewed regarding medical history, magnetic resonance imaging findings, intraoperative findings, clinical chemistry and histology.In 170 patients presenting with lipomas, 34 lipomas in 31 patients were identified as post-traumatic. The mean +/- SD age of the patients with post-traumatic lipomas was 52 +/- 14.5 years. The mean time elapsed between soft tissue trauma and lipoma formation was 2.0 years (range 0.5-5). Twenty-five of the 31 patients reported an extensive and slowly resolving haematoma after blunt tissue trauma at the site of lipoma formation. The mean +/- SD body mass index was 29.0 +/- 7.6 kg m(-2). Fourteen of 31 patients presented with an elevated partial thromboplastin time. Eleven of 34 lipomas were found on the upper extremities, five on the lower extremities, 13 on the trunk, and two on the face. All tumours were located subcutaneously, superficial to the musculofascial system. Thirty-three lipomas were removed by surgical excision and one by liposuction following an incisional biopsy. Histological examination revealed capsulated and noncapsulated benign adipose tissue in all 34 tumours.The existence of a pathogenic link between blunt soft tissue trauma and the formation of post-traumatic lipomas is still controversial. Two potential mechanisms are discussed. Firstly, the formation of so-called post-traumatic 'pseudolipomas' may result from a prolapse of adipose tissue through fascia induced by direct impact. Alternatively, lipoma formation may be explained as a result of preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation mediated by cytokine release following soft tissue damage after blunt trauma and haematoma formation.
Volleyball injuries: a survey of injuries of the Portuguese Female National Team
Authors: M Massada, R Aido, C Magalhaes, N Puga
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Volleyball is a dynamic sport, presenting a high number of movement injuries. Analysis of injury prevalence is crucial for the development of prevention programmes. Objectives To estimate the overall incidence of acute and overuse volleyball injuries in the Female National Team during the 2008–2009 season. Design Prospective recording of newly incurred injuries. Setting and participants Female Portuguese National Team Participants: 32 female volleyball players participated in the study and were followed prospectively during a whole season. Interventions All players completed a questionnaire on demographic variables, sports participation, use of preventive measures, and previous injuries. Volleyball exposure during training and matches was recorded for each individual player by the team's physical therapist (PT) on a weekly exposure form. In case of injury the PT provided the injured player with an injury registration form, which had to be completed within one week after the onset of injury. Main outcome measurements The incidence and burden of injuries and factors associated with injury. Results 100 injuries were reported, resulting in an overall injury incidence of 2.6 injuries/1000 h. The incidence of acute injuries was 2.0/1000 h. Ankle sprains (n=41) accounted for most of the acute injuries, and 31 (75%) of all players with an ankle sprain reported a previous ankle sprain. The majority of injuries occurred during blocking or spiking. 25 overuse injuries were reported. The overall incidence of overuse injuries was 0.6/1000 h; the back and the shoulder were the most common sites. Conclusions Ankle sprain is the most common injury in volleyball, accounting for 41% of all volleyball related injuries. Previous injury seems to be an important risk factor for an ankle sprain. Injury prevention programmes should focus on ankle sprains and concentrate on players with previous ankle sprains.