tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rearrangement of hepatocellular F-actin precedes the formation of rosette-like structures in parenchyma of cholestatic rat liver
Authors: Ji-Ying Song, Cornelis J. F. Van Noorden, Wilma M. Frederiks
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The involvement of hepatocytes in proliferation of bile ductule-like structures during cholestasis remains controversial. The present study was an attempt to address the issue of whether hepatocytes transform into ductular epithelial cells in response to cholestasis and, if so, which mechanisms are involved. Cholestasis was induced by common bile duct-ligation (CBDL) in rat liver for 2, 7, and 14 days. Immunofluorescence microscopy of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) was performed to assess the proliferation of bile ductules. Hepatocellular filamentous actin (F-actin) was studied using fluorescence microscopy of 7-nitrobenzene-2-oxa-1,3-diazole phallacidin and electron microscopy. Double labeling of F-actin and laminin was performed to reveal the relationship between rearrangement of F-actin and deposition of the extracellular matrix protein. The results showed that the localization of F-actin in hepatocytes underwent considerable changes after CBDL, from an even distribution at the entire plasma membrane in control liver to a more concentrated localization at one domain of the plasma membrane. This was followed by formation of rosette-like structures in pericentral and midzonal areas of the parenchyma. CK19 was expressed, as in the control liver, in the epithelial cells of proliferated bile ductules in enlarged portal tracts but not in rosette-like structures of CBDL livers. Furthermore, CBDL induced increasing amounts of laminin in the basal lamina of bile ducts and in connective tissue of portal tracts. In parenchyma, the newly deposited laminin was in close association with the rosette-like structures. It is concluded that the rearrangement of hepatocellular F-actin after CBDL precedes the formation of rosette-like structures. It is speculated that the altered F-actin contracts at one side of hepatocytes leading to tubular structures. Laminin may play an important role in this transformation process.
Interaction between cold and hypoxia on pulmonary circulation in COPD.
Authors: M Bedu, H Giraldo, H Janicot, N Fellmann, J Coudert
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

This study was designed to investigate the interaction of mild and localized cold exposure and hypoxia on pulmonary hemodynamics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nineteen patients with COPD were studied at sea level and seven at an altitude of 2,640 m. For all patients, pulmonary hemodynamic measurements were performed 10 min after insertion of a catheter in a femoral vein and following 10 min of cold exposure. Cold exposure was restricted to the forehead, and subjects breathed air at ambient temperature. Flow and temperature of air (1.5 L.s(-1), 5 degrees C) to the forehead were chosen to cool down the forehead skin to approximately 20 degrees C without discomfort for the subject. For the seven patients studied at high altitude, the same measurements were also performed after 5 min of oxygen supplementation with and without cold exposure. At sea level, an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during cold exposure was inversely related to the initial PaO2. In six severe hypoxic subjects (PaO2 < 50 mm Hg), PVR increased by 24%. At high altitude, PVR was significantly increased by 15%. After O2 supplementation, cold exposure did not induce an increase in PVR. We concluded that mild and localized cold exposure to the forehead only induced an increase in PVR in COPD patients with severe hypoxia. Moreover, in cold exposure responders, O2 supplementation negated the effect of cold exposure on pulmonary hemodynamics.
Pathology laboratories, management, and the future.
Authors: A D Farr
Journal: BMJ (1985)

discuss the subject openly.Fourthly, if deprived of confidential professional advice, and of contraception and abortion if indicated, these patients will face the prospect of completing unwanted pregnancies, or of seeking non-medical termination of pregnancy, both with disastrous consequences.Fifthly, this decision is a fundamental threat to the confidential relationship that must at all times exist between doctor and patient.Finally, this decision is a fundamental threat to the ability of doctors to provide treatment which, in their clinical judgment, is best for the patient.It is earnestly to be hoped that the courts can be persuaded to reverse this potentially disastrous decision.
More must be done to reduce risk of acute kidney injury, conference hears
Authors: L. Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Acute kidney injury is a “silent killer” that clinicians are unwittingly allowing patients to develop. Not until clinical staff get the basics right and more hospitals provide access to senior doctors seven days a week will the situation improve.

That was the message from speakers at a conference in London last week. Donal O’Donoghue, England’s national clinical director for kidney care, told delegates at the conference on improving outcomes and safety for the acutely ill patient that spotting risk factors, maintaining hydration, recognising deterioration, and seven day working across the health service were needed.

Dr O’Donoghue said that acute kidney injury was “the miner’s canary”—a marker of quality of acute care. “Acutely ill patients get AKI [acute kidney injury] because we don’t get the basics right. When we get [the basics] right for AKI, all acutely ill patients will benefit,” he told the conference.

Although statistics on incidence vary, …
Mammographic screening. Value in diagnosis of early breast cancer
Authors: C. Sayler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Analysis of the two-year results of a project screening asymptomatic women for breast cancer is presented. There were 10,008 women examined and 490 biopsies completed. There were 97 cancers found, of which 55 were nonpalpable; 36 of the 97 cancers were in women under 50 years of age. The incidence of axillary metastasis was 7% in the nonpalpable lesions. We suggest that mammography is useful in discovering curable breast cancer, even among younger women at least down to the age of 40. The potential benefit seems to greatly outweigh the theoretical carcinogenic hazard. Selection of candidates for mammography should be based on all risk factors, not just age. An attempt is made to correlate the results with the theoretical risks as proposed by others.
Rashes and Ribosomes
Authors: Irwin M. Freedberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

SEVERAL of the preceding Seminars in Medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital have exemplified the fact that during the past decade medicine has advanced from a firm foundation of morphology and physiology toward a deeper comprehension based upon the contribution of molecular biology. Appreciation of both normal function and many pathologic states is now supported by biologic principles that are close to or at the molecular level. I have chosen the title of this seminar to call attention to the fact that dermatology is not an exception to these advances. The era of the rash is in the past, and . . .
Physiological and environmental control of Gram negative bacteria on skin
Authors: M.E. McBRIDE, W.C. DUNCAN, J.M. KNOX
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The relative importance of the environment versus the physiology of the host in the control of Gram negative bacteria on skin has been examined by two experimental designs. (I) The changes in incidence of Gram negative carriage from three skin sites in a climate controlled chamber at 35 degrees C and 90% humidity for 64 h were determined. Following 2 weeks of tetracycline treatment the above experiment was repeated. High temperatures and humidity increased the overall frequency of isolation of Gram negative bacteria although there were individual differences. This effect was reversed 24 h after a return to the natural environment. Tetracycline inhibited the increase in isolation of Gram negative organisms in six subjects, enhanced it in three and had no effect on one subject. Gram negative populations were less than 10 colony forming units/cm2 of skin in most instances but ranged up to 10,000/cm2 skin. No residual effect occurred after return to natural environment and at no time was there a loss of normal flora. (2) Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inoculated on normal skin of ten volunteers and survival determined during a 24 h period. Viability was lost between 2 and 6 h on most subjects as compared to 24 h or longer for K. Pneumoniae and P. vulgaris on an inert surface and between 8 and 24 h for Ps. aeruginosa. It was concluded that extremes of environment can affect Gram negative skin carriage but under normal conditions in healthy individuals there is evidence of physiological control of Gram negative flora.
Intraoperative validation of mitral inflow determination by transesophageal echocardiography: Comparison of single-plane, biplane and thermodilution techniques
Authors: Pu Min, Brian P. Griffin, Pieter M. Vandervoort, Dominic Y. Leung, Delos M. Cosgrove, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Differentiation of atypical atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia from orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia using a septal accessory pathway by the response to ventricular pacing
Authors: Gregory F Michaud, Hiroshi Tada, Steven Chough, Robert Baker, Kristina Wasmer, Christian Sticherling, Hakan Oral, Frank Pelosi, Bradley P Knight, S.Adam Strickberger, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Training in Internal Medicine for Primary Care
Authors: ROBERT A. KREISBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Correction1 August 1976Training in Internal Medicine for Primary CareROBERT A. KREISBERG, M.D.ROBERT A. KREISBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-2-262_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Clearly internal medicine is responding to and must continue to respond to the challenge of providing primary care. In doing so, however, internal medicine must be careful to address the problems facing it in an orderly manner and develop solutions that will serve it in both the near and distant future.In the past, training programs in internal medicine have had some serious deficiencies, but they also have had much to recommend them. There is little question that training for primary care in internal medicine has been neglected. On the other hand, most training programs have provided,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1976Volume 85, Issue 2Page: 262-262KeywordsForecasting Issue Published: 1 August 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
EPILEPSY CURED BY TENOTOMY OF THE OCULAR MUSCLES.
Authors: WALTER B JOHNSON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

J. H. H., 23 years old, consulted the writer on Sept. 5,1889, stating that he suffered from a very peculiar form of disease of the nervous system for which he had been examined and treated during the past two years by a large number of prominent physicians. He was in good physical condition, attended to his business as a salesman regula[ill] [ill] had no discomfort, except slight headache, until [ill] [ill] for which he wished treatment came on, two [ill] [ill]; since that time, at intervals varying from two [ill] to two months, he had had attacks, the onset of [ill] [ill] a violent headache coming on suddenly and without an premonition and followed by loss of all conscious mental action. The patient had no recollection, when recovering from the attack, of anything except the intial headache. The time during which he remained in the state of conscious mental inactivity
Amiodarone- and desethylamiodarone-induced myelinoid inclusion bodies and toxicity cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: Pitambar Somani, Subhankar Bandyopadhyay, James E. Klaunig, Susan A. Gross
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Hepatocytes isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats were incubated with various concentrations of either amiodarone or desethylamiodarone fro 0 to 69 hr. Both drugs produced a concentration–dependent increase of lactate dehydrogenase release in the culture medium, which correlated well with cell death as measured by trypan blue exclusion test. Desethylamiodarone was more toxic than amiodarone in the cultured hepatocytes. Incubation with subtoxic concentrations of either amiodarone (7.6 μ) or desethylamiodarone (8 μM) for 24 hr resulted in the development of myelinoid inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes without any excess release of lactate dehydrogenase. In experimental protocols where the hepatocytes were exposed to either amiodarone or desethylamiodarone for up to 96 hr, there was an increase in lactate dehydrogenase and the percent volumedensity of multilamellar inclusion bodies with cumulative drug exposure with time. A linear correlation between hepatocyte drug concentration and multilamellar inclusion bodies was found for both amiodarone and desthylamiodarone. These results demonstrate that both amiodarone and its major metabolite, desethylamiodarone, induce lysosomal inclusions, which, under appropriate conditions, can be dissociated from cell death,. Withdrawal of the drug after 24 hr exposure did not result in disappearance of the inclusion bodies from the hepatocytes for up to 96 hr of tissue culture. The concentrations at which amiodarone– or desethylamiodarone–induced electron microscopic changes and hepatotoxicity were only two to five times as high as the usual serum drug levels in patients given antiarrhythmic therapy with amiodarone. (HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11: 81-92.)
The histamine‐synthesizing enzyme histidine decarboxylase is upregulated by keratinocytes in atopic skin
Authors: D. Gutowska‐Owsiak, L. Greenwald, C. Watson, T.A. Selvakumar, X. Wang, G.S. Ogg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Background Histamine is an abundant mediator accumulating in the skin of atopic patients, where it is thought to be derived from immune cells. While keratinocytes express histidine decarboxylase (HDC), levels of the enzyme in normal or diseased epidermis and factors that influence its expression in human keratinocytes are not known. Objectives To assess levels of HDC in inflammatory skin diseases and factors influencing its expression. Methods Normal and filaggrin-insufficient human keratinocytes, organotypic epidermal models and skin samples were investigated for the expression of HDC. The effect of cytokines, bacterial and allergen stimuli exposure and functional changes in differentiation were evaluated in vitro. Results We detected abundant expression of the HDC protein in all models studied; expression was increased in atopic skin samples. Filaggrin-insufficient keratinocytes maintained HDC levels, but exposure of keratinocytes to thymic stromal lymphopoietin, tumour necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and house dust mite (HDM) extract increased HDC expression in vitro. Furthermore, filaggrin expression in cultured keratinocytes increased following histamine depletion. Conclusions Keratinocytes express abundant HDC protein, and the levels increase in atopic skin. LPS, HDM and cytokines, which are implicated in allergic inflammation, promote the expression of the enzyme and upregulate histamine levels in keratinocytes. Actively produced histamine influences keratinocyte differentiation, suggesting functional relevance of the axis to atopic dermatitis. The findings therefore identify a new point of therapeutic intervention.
HIV/AIDS in sport. Impact, issues and challenges.: G Sankaran, K A E Volkwein, D R Bonsall. (Pp 137; soft cover; pound21.50.) Leeds: Human Kinetics Europe Ltd, 1999. ISBN 0-88011-749-4.
Authors: Brendon Murphy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

The complexity of the issues surrounding HIV and AIDS in sport is dealt with in a concise yet comprehensive manner in this book. The issues range from epidemiology and immunology of HIV to ethical and legal matters. The chapter dealing with …
Interleukin-2 and Inflammation Induce Distinct Transcriptional Programs that Promote the Differentiation of Effector Cytolytic T Cells
Authors: Matthew E. Pipkin, Jilian A. Sacks, Fernando Cruz-Guilloty, Mathias G. Lichtenheld, Michael J. Bevan, Anjana Rao
Journal: Immunity (2010)

Interleukin(IL)-2 and inflammation regulate effector and memory cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) generation during infection. We demonstrate a complex interplay between IL-2 and inflammatory signals during CTL differentiation. IL-2 stimulation induced the transcription factor eomesodermin (Eomes), upregulated perforin (Prf1) transcription, and repressed re-expression of memory CTL markers Bcl6 and IL-7Ralpha. Binding of Eomes and STAT5 to Prf1 cis-regulatory regions correlated with transcriptional initiation (increased recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the Prf1 promoter). Inflammation (CpG, IL-12) enhanced expression of IL-2Ralpha and the transcription factor T-bet, but countered late Eomes and perforin induction while preventing IL-7Ralpha repression by IL-2. After infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, IL-2Ralpha-deficient effector CD8(+) T cells expressed more Bcl6 but less perforin and granzyme B, formed fewer KLRG-1(+) and T-bet-expressing CTL, and killed poorly. Thus, inflammation influences both effector and memory CTL differentiation, whereas persistent IL-2 stimulation promotes effector at the expense of memory CTL development.
Hepatic vascular toxicity of dacarbazine (DTIC): Not a rare complication
Authors: John C. Marsh
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

A fatal massive hepatic necrosis with widespread thrombotic occlusion of the small hepatic veins developed in two of 68 patients treated with DTIC for advanced melanoma in a randomized study. Thirteen similar reactions, in patients treated with single-agent DTIC, are reported in the literature. Several clinical and pathologic features distinguish this DTIC toxicity from Budd-Chiari syndrome and veno-occlusive disease (both well-known types of possibly drug-related hepatic vascular disease) and make it a distinctive syndrome. We were impressed by the repeated occurrence of this complication in a relatively small set of patients, in contrast with the rarity of the literature reports. We suggest that this dramatic complication could occur more frequently than commonly thought. Therefore, caution should be used with DTIC particularly in curable patients.
Book Review Management and Treatment of Insanity Acquittees: A Model for the 1990s (Progress in Psychiatry. No. 41.) By Joseph D. Bloom and Mary H. Williams. 230 pp. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Press, 1994. $31. 0-88048-501-9
Authors: Nathaniel S. Lehrman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World
Authors: Gregory Patrick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters3 February 2009Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary WorldGregory Patrick, MDGregory Patrick, MDFrom SVMG Medical Group, Moon Township, PA 15108.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-3-200902030-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Vickers and colleagues (1) neglected to mention the greatest impediment to implementing predictions: Physicians practice in a binary world driven by diagnosis. Those who pay for health care profit from risk management and care little for clinical nuance. A diagnosis of hypertension has a direct impact on the premium that a patient will pay for health or life insurance—whether the hypertension is benign (International Classification of Diseases code 401.1) or malignant (code 401.0). A diagnosis of depression can make disability insurance unobtainable. A diagnosis of asthma can disqualify a patient from employment or from serving in the ...Reference1. Vickers AJ, Basch E, Kattan MW. Against diagnosis. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:200-3. [PMID: 18678847] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Gregory Patrick, MDAffiliations: From SVMG Medical Group, Moon Township, PA 15108.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAgainst Diagnosis Andrew J. Vickers , Ethan Basch , and Michael W. Kattan Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World Robert A. Swerlick Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World Andrew J. Vickers , Ethan Basch , and Michael Kattan Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World Jeremy L. Warner Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World Benjamin Djulbegovic Metrics 3 February 2009Volume 150, Issue 3Page: 223KeywordsAlgorithmsAsthmaComputersElectronic medical recordsFallsHypertensionRenal failureRisk managementStatinsTreatment guidelines ePublished: 3 February 2009 Issue Published: 3 February 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Stinging Insects— A Threat to Life
Authors: Joseph H. Shaffer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Disorders of the human respiratory tract have been associated with sensitivity caused by inhalation of scales, hairs, wing and body fragments, and other body emanations of flying insects present in atmospheric dust. Percutaneous instillation of salivary secretions from the bites of insects causes annoying skin lesions, but may also cause systemic reactions. Serious and potentially fatal anaphylactic reactions may be caused by the stinging insects of the Hymenoptera group when a person who has been sensitized by previous stings is restung. Prompt emergency treatment and desensitization with polyvalent stinging insect whole body extracts may nullify this threat to life.
Are endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection risky for patients with cirrhosis?
Authors: Fatih Aslan, Zehra Akpinar, Ali Seren, Emrah Alper, Cem Cekic, Nese Ekinci, Sezgin Vatansever, Belkis Unsal
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have become a standard treatment in selected cases of early gastric cancer [1] [2]. The risk of complications may increase in patients with cirrhosis, due both to severe clotting impairment and to decreased platelet counts [3]. We present our experience in three patients with cirrhosis.
The Weaning Principle
Authors: William D. Poe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Nothing much is really new. Ancient wisdom continually reasserts itself in a different form or by a different name. Gullible people latch on to old truths with the haughty pride of possession; they and they alone have found the key to happiness—or to eternal life.This observation is especially true in psychiatry and psychology, where group dynamics, transactional analysis, T-groups, and stroking are the latest things. They are in; they allow for inputs and feedback; they are grist for the jargon-writers' mill.Maybe it is good to consider the use of an old psychiatric device probably going back to the . . .