tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Clinic for Male Derelicts
Authors: PHILIP W. BRICKNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A clinic for 1200 derelict men was conducted for 18 months in a large welfare hotel in New York City to bring medical attention to people who would not otherwise have been seen. The residents of the hotel were generally destitute elderly men, middle-aged chronic alcoholics, and young users of heroin. The staff consisted of three nurses assigned to the unit and eight volunteer physicians. The impact of the experience on these workers was related to their motives. Most of those engaged in the hotel project are now involved in similar work elsewhere.
Gestational Diabetes Is a Herald of NIDDM in Navajo Women: High rate of abnormal glucose tolerance after GDM
Authors: Jonathan R Steinhart, Jonathan R Sugarman, Fred A Connell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To estimate the rate of deterioration of glucose tolerance and evaluate risk factors for development of NIDDM in Navajo women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).A retrospective analysis of 111 GDM deliveries over a 4-year period, 1983-1987, was conducted in 1994 to determine glucose tolerance status. Patients who had not developed NIDDM were recalled for a 2-h glucose tolerance test (GTT). Tested and non-tested patients were compared, as estimate of conversion to NIDDM was calculated, and risk factors for NIDDM were evaluated. A life-table analysis was developed to estimate the probability of NIDDM after GDM.At the time of chart review, 32 patients (29%) had already been diagnosed with NIDDM. Of the patients, 79 were offered GTT testing, and 56 (71%) returned for follow-up; 15 were diagnosed with NIDDM and 17 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); 47 (42%) and 64 (58%) patients in the cohort had developed NIDDM or NIDDM/IGT at the conclusion of the study period. Patients who developed NIDDM had greater BMIs, parity, and infant weights. Fasting blood glucose > 5.83 mmol/l, GTT > 41.63 mmol/l, and recurrence of GDM were associated with later NIDDM. A life-table analysis estimated a 53% likelihood of having NIDDM at an 11-year follow-up; a second model, based only on patients with known NIDDM status, predicted a 70% rate of NIDDM at an 11-year follow-up.A high proportion of Navajo women with GDM progressed to NIDDM. Postpartum counseling and periodic GTTs are recommended.
FDG Uptake in Benign Asymmetric Hypertrophy of the Masticator Muscles
Authors: Yon Kwon Ihn, Young Ha Park, Soo Kyo Chung
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A case of asymmetric increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in unilateral pterygomasseter muscles is shown. The authors report an example of intense F-18 FDG uptake in the benign pterygomasseteric muscle complex hypertrophy in a patient with a history of longstanding unilateral chewing.
Infections with Hemadsorption Virus in University of Wisconsin Students
Authors: Alfred S. Evans, Katherine Schaefgen, George Jakab
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

Two recently discovered viruses of the myxovirus family termed hemadsorption Types 1 and 2 have been studied as causes of respiratory diseases in children under ten years old.1 , 2‡ One or the other has been isolated from 6.2 per cent of 1654 children hospitalized with respiratory infections in Washington, D. C., and rises in complement-fixation titer to these viruses have been found in 26.8 per cent of a sample of this population. Of 1381 patients without respiratory illness in the same environment hemadsorption viruses were isolated from 0.36 per cent, and 7.3 per cent had rises in complement-fixation titer. The association . . .
Decreased Numbers of Platelet α-Adrenergic Binding Sites in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Richard M Spalding, W Kenneth Ward, Thomas W Malpass, John R Stratton, Jeffery B Halter, Daniel Porte, Michael A Pfeifer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Eleven men with diabetes mellitus were compared with 45 male controls for platelet a-adrenergic binding sites by using [3H]dihydroergocryptine (DHE) as the radioligand antagonist. There was no difference between the two for binding affinity, but the number of sites was 430 ± 30 (x ± SEM) for diabetic subjects and 574 ± 29 for controls (P = .005). Decreased sites were related to increased glycosylated hemoglobin levels (P = .002). There was no relationship between the decreased sites and catecholamine levels, duration of disease, body weight, or fasting blood sugar. Hence, binding sites were inversely related to control, but further studies are needed to define the pathophysiologic significance of this.
Comparable measures of cognitive function in human infants and laboratory animals to identify environmental health risks to children.
Authors: Carolyn Sharbaugh, Susan Marie Viet, Alexa Fraser, Suzanne B McMaster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The importance of including neurodevelopmental end points in environmental studies is clear. A validated measure of cognitive function in human infants that also has a homologous or parallel test in laboratory animal studies will provide a valuable approach for large-scale studies. Such a comparable test will allow researchers to observe the effect of environmental neurotoxicants in animals and relate those findings to humans. In this article, we present the results of a review of post-1990, peer-reviewed literature and current research examining measures of cognitive function that can be applied to both human infants (0-12 months old) and laboratory animals. We begin with a discussion of the definition of cognitive function and important considerations in cross-species research. We then describe identified comparable measures, providing a description of the test in human infants and animal subjects. Available information on test reliability, validity, and population norms, as well as test limitations and constraints, is also presented.
Hepatitis C virus selectively perturbs the distal cholesterol synthesis pathway in a genotype-specific manner
Authors: Paul J. Clark, Alexander J. Thompson, David M. Vock, Lisa E. Kratz, Adviye A. Tolun, Andrew J. Muir, John G. McHutchison, Mani Subramanian, David M. Millington, Richard I. Kelley, Keyur Patel
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) subverts host cholesterol metabolism for key processes in its lifecycle. How this interference results in the frequently observed, genotype-dependent clinical sequelae of hypocholesterolemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance (IR) remains incompletely understood. Hypocholesterolemia typically resolves after sustained viral response (SVR), implicating viral interference in host lipid metabolism. Using a targeted cholesterol metabolomic platform we evaluated paired HCV genotype 2 (G2) and G3 patient sera for changes in in vivo HCV sterol pathway metabolites. We compared HCV genotypic differences in baseline metabolites and following antiviral treatment to assess whether sterol perturbation resolved after HCV eradication. We linked these metabolites to IR and urine oxidative stress markers. In paired sera from HCV G2 (n = 13) and G3 (n = 20) patients, baseline sterol levels were lower in G3 than G2 for distal metabolites (7-dehyrocholesterol (7DHC) 0.017 versus 0.023 mg/dL; P adj = 0.0524, cholesterol 140.9 versus 178.7 mg/dL; P adj = 0.0242) but not the proximal metabolite lanosterol. In HCV G3, SVR resulted in increased levels of distal metabolites (cholesterol [Δ55.2 mg/dL; P adj = 0.0015], 7DHC [Δ0.0075 mg/dL; P adj = 0.0026], lathosterol [Δ0.0430 mg/dL P adj = 0.0405]). In contrast, lanosterol was unchanged after SVR ( P = 0.9515). Conclusion : HCV G3, but not G2, selectively interferes with the late cholesterol synthesis pathway, evidenced by lower distal sterol metabolites and preserved lanosterol levels. This distal interference resolves with SVR. Normal lanosterol levels provide a signal for the continued proteolysis of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, which may undermine other host responses to increase cholesterol synthesis. These data may provide a hypothesis to explain why hypocholesterolemia persists in chronic HCV infection, particularly in HCV G3, and is not overcome by host cholesterol compensatory mechanisms. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:49–56)
Effect size is encouraging
Authors: J.-P. Pelletier, M. C. Hochberg, P. du Souich, A. Kahan, B. A. Michel
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The results and interpretation of the meta-analysis by Wandel and colleagues of the effects of glucosamine and chondroitin on osteoarthritis depend on the trials analysed and the thresholds defined as clinically relevant.1

The criteria for the selection of trials is questionable; the European Medicines Agency recommends evaluating the analgesic effect of slow acting drugs for osteoarthritis after at least six months of treatment, and the structural effect after two years. …
Specific mutations in the C-terminus domain of HBV surface antigen significantly correlate with low level of serum HBV-DNA in patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Carmen Mirabelli, Matteo Surdo, Formijn Van Hemert, Zhichao Lian, Romina Salpini, Valeria Cento, Maria Francesca Cortese, Marianna Aragri, Michela Pollicita, Claudia Alteri, Ada Bertoli, Ben Berkhout, Valeria Micheli, Guido Gubertini, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Sara Romano, Michela Visca, Martina Bernassola, Roberta Longo, Giuseppe Maria De Sanctis, Pascal Trimoulet, Hervè Fleury, Nicoletta Marino, Francesco Mazzotta, Giuseppina Cappiello, Alberto Spanò, Cesare Sarrecchia, Jing Maria Zhang, Massimo Andreoni, Mario Angelico, Jens Verheyen, Carlo Federico Perno, Valentina Svicher
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Patterns of Mutation and Selection at Synonymous Sites in Drosophila
Authors: N. D. Singh, V. L. Bauer DuMont, M. J. Hubisz, R. Nielsen, C. F. Aquadro
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

That natural selection affects molecular evolution at synonymous sites in protein-coding sequences is well established and is thought to predominantly reflect selection for translational efficiency/accuracy mediated through codon bias. However, a recently developed maximum likelihood framework, when applied to 18 coding sequences in 3 species of Drosophila, confirmed an earlier report that the Notch gene in Drosophila melanogaster was evolving under selection in favor of those codons defined as unpreferred in this species. This finding opened the possibility that synonymous sites may be subject to a variety of selective pressures beyond weak selection for increased frequencies of the codons currently defined as "preferred" in D. melanogaster. To further explore patterns of synonymous site evolution in Drosophila in a lineage-specific manner, we expanded the application of the maximum likelihood framework to 8,452 protein coding sequences with well-defined orthology in D. melanogaster, Drosophila sechellia, and Drosophila yakuba. Our analyses reveal intragenomic and interspecific variation in mutational patterns as well as in patterns and intensity of selection on synonymous sites. In D. melanogaster, our results provide little statistical evidence for recent selection on synonymous sites, and Notch remains an outlier. In contrast, in D. sechellia our findings provide evidence in support of selection predominantly in favor of preferred codons. However, there is a small subset of genes in this species that appear to be evolving under selection in favor of unpreferred codons, which indicates that selection on synonymous sites is not limited to the preferential fixation of mutations that enhance the speed or accuracy of translation in this species.
A pain in the bottom
Authors: R. Marshall, R. Hampson, J. Young
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An 82 year old woman presented with a two week history of sudden onset pain “right inside my bottom.” The pain was most severe on standing or sitting, and she had become bedridden. The onset of pain had been spontaneous with no history of trauma. Her general health was reported to be good. She was receiving treatment for osteoporosis with a bisphosphonate and calcium and vitamin D supplements, having previously fractured the neck of her left femur and left distal ulnar. When she was asked to stand, she became unable to move and screamed out in pain. There was tenderness over the sacral area. Rectal examination was normal. A radiograph of the pelvis and lower spine showed osteopenia and degenerative changes at L5-S1. Full blood count, renal function, and calcium were normal. Alkaline phosphatase was mildly elevated at 383 IU/l.
Export of Antigenic Peptides from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Intersects with Retrograde Protein Translocation through the Sec61p Channel
Authors: Jens-Oliver Koopmann, Jörn Albring, Eva Hüter, Nadja Bulbuc, Pieter Spee, Jacques Neefjes, Günter J Hämmerling, Frank Momburg
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Rheumatoid nodules: differential diagnosis and immunohistological findings.
Authors: E M Veys, F De Keyser
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Various formalisms have been developed to represent clinical practice guideline recommendations in a computer-interpretable way. However, none of the existing formalisms leverage the structured and computable information that emerge from the evidence-based guideline development process. Thus, we here propose a FHIR-based guideline representation format that is structurally aligned to the knowledge artifacts emerging during the process of evidence-based guideline development. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified the information required to represent evidence-based clinical practice guideline recommendations and reviewed the knowledge artifacts emerging during the evidence-based guideline development process. Then we conducted a consensus-based design process with domain experts to develop an information model for guideline recommendation representation that is structurally aligned to the evidence-based guideline recommendation development process and a corresponding representation based on evidence-based medicine (EBM)-on-FHIR resources. <h3>Results</h3> The information model of clinical practice guideline recommendations and its EBMonFHIR-based representation contain the clinical contents of individual guideline recommendations, a set of metadata for the recommendations, the ratings for the recommendations (e.g., strength of recommendation, certainty of overall evidence), the ratings of certainty of evidence for individual outcomes (e.g., risk of bias) and links to the underlying evidence (systematic reviews based on primary studies). We created profiles and an implementation guide for all FHIR resources required to represent a complete clinical practice guideline and used the profiles to implement an exemplary clinical guideline recommendation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our EBMonFHIR-based representation of clinical practice guideline recommendations allows to directly link the evidence assessment process through systematic reviews and evidence grading, and the underlying evidence from primary studies to the resulting guideline recommendations. This not only allows to evaluate the evidence on which recommendations are based on transparently and critically, but also allows for a more direct and in future automatable way to generate computer-interpretable guideline recommendations based on computable evidence.
Residents' Suggestions for Reducing Errors in Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Kevin G.M. Volpp, David Grande
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The authors propose several simple and inexpensive ways to reduce errors in teaching hospitals. Their suggestions include computerized procedures to sign out patients when residents go off duty, standardized placement and composition of medical charts and equipment, and the replacement of "see one, do one, teach one" with a rational system for training residents to perform procedures.
Suprachoroidal Electrotransfer: A Nonviral Gene Delivery Method to Transfect the Choroid and the Retina Without Detaching the Retina
Authors: Elodie Touchard, Marianne Berdugo, Pascal Bigey, Mohamed El Sanharawi, Michèle Savoldelli, Marie-Christine Naud, Jean-Claude Jeanny, Francine Behar-Cohen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) targeting remains challenging in ocular gene therapy. Viral gene transfer, the only method having reached clinical evaluation, still raises safety concerns when administered via subretinal injections. We have developed a novel transfection method in the adult rat, called suprachoroidal electrotransfer (ET), combining the administration of nonviral plasmid DNA into the suprachoroidal space with the application of an electrical field. Optimization of injection, electrical parameters and external electrodes geometry using a reporter plasmid, resulted in a large area of transfected tissues. Not only choroidal cells but also RPE, and potentially photoreceptors, were efficiently transduced for at least a month when using a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. No ocular complications were recorded by angiographic, electroretinographic, and histological analyses, demonstrating that under selected conditions the procedure is devoid of side effects on the retina or the vasculature integrity. Moreover, a significant inhibition of laser induced-choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was achieved 15 days after transfection of a soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1)-encoding plasmid. This is the first nonviral gene transfer technique that is efficient for RPE targeting without inducing retinal detachment. This novel minimally invasive nonviral gene therapy method may open new prospects for human retinal therapies.
Visit to Warsaw
Authors: R. H. Dobbs
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Council.Their visit, which was the first of its kind to Poland for some years, coincided with an exhibition of British medical books and periodicals in Warsaw, arranged by the British Council and the Medical Group of the British Publishers Association.Dr. Dobbs gives below the impressions he gained of medical practice in Poland.The glass cubicles of a gastro-enteritis unit, peered into from outside, seemed well equipped, and an efficient drip through scalp veins was being set up by the M.O.with the help of a nurse.But, though large, each cubicle contained three babies, and seemed overcrowded.A remark that we thought not more than one child should occupy each cubicle was met by a tart reminder that "you don't have to turn away babies each day who undoubtedly die for want of a bed."Later, watching a nurse in the well equipped, very well kept, and hygieniclooking orphanage feeding three babies at once by propping up the bottle for the outer two, posting herself in a commanding position over the third, and by clever hand work able to attend to two out of each three at any one moment, I once again could have kicked myself for suggesting that propping up bottles was not " the best way.""'This girl has to change and feed 30 babies three times during her 'shift and has the help of one nurse, one char, and one mother on the whole floor.How would you do it ?" I came away with the abiding impression of overall poverty in the whole social struc- ture, not only permeating the doctor's life, and particularly perhaps the nurse's life, but also forming a background to both the quantity and the quality of the disease which the medical profession is asked to fight.time.This is greatly resented, since it inevitably means that he will be late for his other secondary appointments.
NHS 111 has poor quality advice, slow response times, and inappropriate delays, complainants say
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Patients are likely to have been harmed by implementation of the new NHS 111 urgent care telephone system, a government expert on the safety of patients has admitted.

Mike Durkin, director of patient safety for NHS England, said that data on potentially serious incidents were being collected but that it was not yet known whether anyone was “culpable.”

Durkin was speaking at the Patient Safety 2013 Congress, which opened in Birmingham on Tuesday 21 May.

The NHS 111 non-emergency advice line, which was rolled out nationally from 1 April, has come under fierce criticism from many doctors’ organisations, including the BMA.1 2 3

NHS …
Macrophages are required for influenza virus infection of human lymphocytes.
Authors: D J Mock, F Domurat, N J Roberts, E E Walsh, M R Licht, P Keng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Monocyte and lymphocyte surface-expressed viral antigens have been demonstrated after exposure of unseparated human mononuclear leukocytes to influenza virus in vitro. The current studies, using [35S]methionine pulse-labeled purified preparations of virus-exposed macrophages, depleted of lymphocytes, demonstrate that the presence of these viral proteins does represent new synthesis. However, purified lymphocytes, depleted of monocytes-macrophages and exposed to influenza virus, showed no detectable viral protein synthesis. In further experiments, unseparated mononuclear leukocytes were exposed to virus and subsequently separated by countercurrent centrifugal elutriation. Both macrophages and lymphocytes were then shown to synthesize influenza proteins. Cell-free control or influenza virus-infected macrophage-derived supernatant fluids did not facilitate influenza virus infection of the lymphocytes. The data suggest that macrophages are required for influenza virus infection of human lymphocytes, and raise the possibility that macrophage facilitation of an abortive infection of lymphocytes plays a role in the generation of effective immunity to viral antigens.
PTH-044 The Safety of Ercp in Patients Aged 90 and Above
Authors: R Pandey, M Khan, N Van Someren, K Besherdas
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The ageing population in the UK means that biliary diseases are becoming more common. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is therefore increasingly being used as a therapeutic strategy. However, the elderly population often have associated co-morbidities and poorer physical health, which would suggest that ERCP may be technically more challenging, or of higher risk in this group. We look at the safety of ERCP in patients over 90. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients aged 90 or above who underwent ERCP from October 1999 to October 2012 were studied retrospectively. The data was extracted from a single centre computer ERCP database. <h3>Results</h3> ERCPs performed in patients aged 90 or above represented 6.5% of a total of 4017 procedures. The age range of patients was from 90 to 103 years. Therapeutic intervention was required in 246/262 procedures (93.9%). 16 specific types of intervention were performed, with the majority being sphincterotomy (62.2%) or stent insertion (16.7%). The procedure related mortality was 0.76% (2/262). 1 death occurred following a significant bleed post sphincterotomy, the other death resulted from a retroperitoneal perforation following duodenal dilatation. Complications occurred in 5.3% (14/262) of procedures. The most frequently occurring complications were bleeding and cholangitis, each of which occurred in 3/262 (1.1%) patients. Perforation occurred in 2/262 patients (0.76%). Pancreatitis did not occur in any of the patients. There were no complications related to co-morbidity. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The number of ERCPs being performed in elderly patients is likely to increase. The procedure related mortality and morbidity is comparable with national figures. ERCP in this group is safe, practical and has a definite therapeutic benefit in a large proportion of patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.