tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression and Organic Disorder
Authors: W. Sircus
Journal: BMJ (1973)

be widespread I now accept the majority view that there should be a second person present to give the anaesthetic; but this would bring no gain in safety unless that person fully understood and kept constantly in mind the peculiar danger of anaesthesia in the dental chair.Whether this person needs to be qualified in medicine or dentistry is open to question.I think not and have suggested67 the establishment of an alterna- tive grade.-Iam, etc.,
Effects of treatment strategies to suppress ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease: 12-Week results of the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study
Authors: Genell L. Knatterud, Martial G. Bourassa, Carl J. Pepine, Nancy L. Geller, George Sopko, Bernard R. Chaitman, Craig Pratt, Peter H. Stone, Richard F. Davies, William J. Rogers, John E. Deanfield, A.David Goldberg, Pamela Ouyang, Hiltrud Mueller, Barry Sharaf, Philip Day, Andrew P. Selwyn, C.Richard Conti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
The 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Pregnancy
Authors: David J. Pettitt
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

The 75-g glucose load has been the international standard for the diagnosis of diabetes in nonpregnant adults for several decades and has been endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for use during pregnancy (1). The article by Schmidt et al. (2) in this issue of Diabetes Care adds to the evidence that the 75-g glucose load identifies women who are at risk of pre-eclampsia and whose babies are at risk of macrosomia and perinatal mortality. It also demonstrates that women meeting the definition for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by either the criteria of the WHO (1) or the criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) (3) are at greater risk of these complications than women without GDM.

The controversy …
Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by rats and mice.
Authors: P W Albro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

There is convincing evidence in the literature that most of the adverse biological effects of phthalate diesters are actually effects of metabolites rather than of the parent compounds. If so, the dramatic species differences in endpoint metabolic profiles make it essential that metabolism of phthalates be understood in detail, including the factors that may alter the metabolism. A metabolic pathway for phthalates having saturated alkyl groups has been postulated based on identification of metabolites produced in vivo and excreted in urine. The first few steps in the postulated pathway have been confirmed in vitro using enzymatically active preparations from rats and mice; some details of the nature of these early steps have been learned. Although some information concerning later steps is available, much remains to be learned in this area. Species differences are postulated to involve kinetics of several biochemical and physiological events acting in concert or competition. Among these interacting factors are competition of at least three enzymes for phthalate monoesters as substrate, relative kidney clearance rates for different metabolites, relative Km values of oxidative enzymes for the same precursors in different species, and relative equilibria between glucuronide formation and hydrolysis. Essential information that must be obtained in the future includes which metabolites play a causal role in which biological effects, and what factors (age, diet, state of health, etc.) can modify the metabolism of phthalate esters and in what way.
Book Review Mitochondrial Disorders in Neurology (Butterworth–Heinemann International Medical Reviews. No. 14.) Edited by Anthony H.V. Schapira and S. DiMauro. 254 pp. Boston, Butterworth–Heinemann, 1994. $75. 0-7506-0585-5
Authors: Eric P. Hoffman, Elena Pegoraro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)
Evidence for Primary Genetic Determination of Heart Rate Regulation
Authors: Reinhold Kreutz, Berthold Struk, Phillippe Stock, Norbert Hübner, Detlev Ganten, Klaus Lindpaintner
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We investigated whether an accelerated heart rate (HR), observed in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP HD ), is a primary, genetically determined trait and whether it contributes to blood pressure (BP) regulation in this model of polygenic hypertension. Methods and Results We measured BP and HR in SHRSP HD and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), as well as in F 2 hybrids bred from crossing the two strains, at baseline and after 12 days of dietary NaCl loading. Random marker genome screening and cosegregation analysis were performed on F 2 hybrids derived from SHRSP HD /WKY-0 HD (n=115) and SHRSP HD /WKY-1 HD (n=139) crosses (WKY-0 HD and WKY-1 HD are two congenic WKY strains). HR in SHRSP HD was significantly higher than in WKY-0 HD both at baseline (404±30 versus 375±46 bpm; P =.0034) and after NaCl (437±23 versus 364±40 bpm; P =10 −9 ). BP in F 2 hybrids showed no significant correlation with HR either at baseline or after NaCl loading. HR after NaCl loading but not at baseline was significantly linked in a recessive fashion to a locus on chromosome 3: in animals homozygous for the SHRSP HD allele, HR was 414±49 compared with 383±44 bpm in heterozygotes and WKY homozygotes (F 210,1 =19.7, P =1.4×10 −5 , lod score=5.9). The putative BP-relevant gene at this locus, termed HR-SP1 , showed no evidence of linkage to any of the BP parameters measured. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that a genetic locus on rat chromosome 3, HR-SP1 , contributes directly to the regulation of HR in SHRSP HD but exhibits no effect on BP. Thus, in addition to its modulation by reflex-mediated neurohumoral mechanisms, HR is also under the direct influence of primary genetic factors.
Ga-67 Uptake by Metastatic Carcinoma of the Penis
Authors: RICARDO ABELLO, LAMKI M. LAMKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Six patients with metastatic carcinoma of the penis underwent Ga-67 citrate scanning. Intense radioactive uptake was noted in the metastatic inguinal lymph nodes that was not influenced by the presence or absence of infection. There was a correlation between clinical improvement and decrease in abnormal groin uptake. The results reported here suggest the possibility of using Ga-67 citrate scanning in the staging, management, and follow-up of this relatively rare condition, although further experience is needed to establish its precise role.
NCOA3, a new fusion partner for MOZ/MYST3 in M5 acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: S Esteyries, C Perot, J Adelaide, M Imbert, A Lagarde, C Pautas, S Olschwang, D Birnbaum, M Chaffanet, M-J Mozziconacci
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy
Authors: Marshall F. Gilula
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A humorless philosopher might reduce all the world's ills to two words: "personnel problems." Space ship Earth demands that physicians committed to the future learn how to help mankind live with disease as well as with one another. As community medicine focuses more on helping large patient populations, it's clear that the historical lessons of group living are hard to learn. This may be one reason why results of group therapy research have been both muddy and contradictory. In contrast to its predecessors, Dr. Yalom's book is a significant synthetic milestone. Although this book is a group therapy manual, it is also a concise and integrated summary of group dynamics research. The author uses data and pragmatic theories taken from his own voluminous works to develop a descriptive model of group therapy. He defines as<i>core</i>"those aspects... which are intrinsic to the therapeutic process..." All other facets of any
Behavioral interventions for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: how effective are they?
Authors: S E Hampson, T C Skinner, J Hart, L Storey, H Gage, D Foxcroft, A Kimber, S Cradock, E A McEvilly
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

To evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for adolescents with type 1 diabetes based on a systematic review of the literature.The literature was identified by searching 11 electronic databases, hand-searching 3 journals from their start dates, and contacting individual researchers. Only articles that reported evaluations of behavioral (including educational and psychosocial) interventions for adolescents (age range 9-21 years) with type 1 diabetes that included a control group were included in the present review. Data summarizing the key features of the interventions and their effects were extracted from each article. Where possible, effect sizes for the randomized control trials (RCTs) were calculated.The search process identified 64 reports of empirical studies. Of these, 35 studies included a control group, and 24 were RCTs. Effect sizes could be calculated for 18 interventions. The overall mean effect size calculated across all outcomes was 0.33 (median 0.21), indicating that these interventions have a small- to medium-sized beneficial effect on diabetes management. Interventions that were theoretically based were significantly more effective than those that were not (P<0.05, 1-tailed).Research to date indicates that these interventions are moderately effective. Several methodological weaknesses to be avoided in future studies are noted. It is also recommended that investigators use the reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to guide the design of future studies, which should result in more disseminable interventions. RE-AIM assesses the intervention's reach, or percent or representativeness of patients willing to participate; efficacy across a range of outcomes; adoption, or the percent and representativeness of settings willing to implement the intervention; implementation, or the consistency of the delivery of the intervention as intended; and maintenance, or the extent to which delivery of the intervention becomes a routine part of health care in the medical setting.
248. Revealing the Role(s) of TNF-alpha in Early Alzheimer's Disease Via rAAV-Mediated Hippocampal Gene Transfer in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Michelle C. Janelsins, Michael A. Mastrangelo, Keigan M. Park, Kelly L. Fowlkes, Maria Kinsky, Wade C. Narrow, Salvatore Oddo, Frank M. LaFerla, Howard J. Federoff, William J. Bowers
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Alzheimer's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that drastically impairs intellectual and emotional functioning in afflicted individuals. The disease is characterized pathologically by a temporal and spatial progression of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and synaptic degeneration. Inflammatory mediators have long been proposed as being integral for initiating and/or propagating AD-associated pathologic processes within the brain. To this end, we assessed the expression of proinflammatory molecules in the recently described triple transgenic mouse model (3xTg-AD), which exhibits Aβ deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and synaptic dysfunction with regional specificity similar to human AD. We observed significant up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, specifically within one of the earliest affected brain regions in AD, the entorhinal cortex, prior to the onset of overt amyloid pathology. Moreover, the 3xTg-AD entorhinal cortex, unlike the hippocampus, harbored an increased number of microglia/macrophages as determined by quantification of F4/80-positive cells, further implicating the entorhinal cortex in inflammatory processes at early stages of the disease. A recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector expressing TNF-α to create a sustained focal inflammatory response was stereotactically delivered to 3xTg-AD mice prior to the appearance of pathological signatures. In ongoing studies, we have observed significant alterations in downstream TNF-α related signaling molecule expression in transduced brain tissues and concomitant modulation of memory/learning behaviors. This integrated biochemical, immunohistochemical, and behavioral approach will provide major insights into the involvement of TNF-α mediated inflammation in the temporal and spatial progression of early AD pathogenic events and carries the potential to reveal new therapeutic targets. Supported by NIH F31NS049995 to MCJ, NIH R01AG020204 to HJF, and NIH R01AG023593 to WJB.
Glucocorticoid Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lynn Loriaux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Acute adrenal insufficiency, a rare cause of shock, is manifested as shock that is poorly responsive to fluid resuscitation and pressors, not unlike cardiogenic or septic shock. It is almost always associated with a history of supraphysiologic glucocorticoid administration or primary adrenal cortical disease. The best single test for the evaluation and diagnosis of this disorder is based on the ability of the adrenal glands to respond to a challenge with synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (250 μg of cosyntropin administered as an intravenous bolus, followed by the measurement of plasma cortisol levels 30 and 60 minutes later). Normally, the plasma cortisol . . .
No association between the IL28B SNP and response to peginterferon plus ribavirin combination treatment in Korean chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Nae-Yun Heo, Young-Suk Lim, Woochang Lee, Minkyung Oh, Jiyun An, Danbi Lee, Ju Hyun Shim, Kang Mo Kim, Han Chu Lee, Yung Sang Lee, Dong Jin Suh
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

There are few available data regarding the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene encoding interleukin 28B (IL28B) and a sustained virologic response (SVR) to peginterferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy in Korean chronic hepatitis C patients.This was a retrospective cohort study of 156 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who received combination treatment of PEG-IFN plus RBV. Blood samples from these patients were analyzed to identify the IL28B SNPs at rs12979860, rs12980275, rs8099917, and rs8103142. Association analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between each IL28B SNP and SVRs.Seventy six patients with HCV genotype 1 and 80 with genotype non-1 were enrolled. The frequencies of rs12979860 CC and CT genotypes were 90.4% and 9.6%, respectively; those of rs12980275 AA and AG genotypes were 87.2% and 12.8%, respectively; those of rs8099917 TT and TG genotypes were 92.3% and 7.7%, respectively; and those of rs8103142 TT and CT genotypes were 90.4% and 9.6%, respectively. Among the patients with HCV genotype 1, the SVR rates were 69.7% and 80.0% for rs12979860 CC and CT, respectively (P=0.71). Among the HCV genotype non-1 patients, SVR rates were 88.0% and 100% for rs12979860 CC and CT (P=1.00), respectively.Genotypes of the IL28B SNP that are known to be favorable were present in most of the Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C in this study. Moreover, the IL28B SNP did not influence the SVR rate in either the HCV genotype 1 or non-1 patients. Therefore, IL28B SNP analysis might be not useful for the initial assessment, prediction of treatment outcomes, or treatment decision-making of Korean chronic hepatitis C patients.
John Stuart Lyon
Authors: John Ashworth
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant psychiatrist Basingstoke (b Yorkshire 1932; q Cambridge/Westminster Hospital 1958; FRCP, FRCPsych, DPM), died from a heart attack on 16 November 2003. ​




Figure 1




At Cambridge John gained a blue for hurdling and was part of the British team at the Helsinki Olympics in 1952. He originally planned a career in surgery but changed to psychiatry, moving to North Hampshire in 1972 as a consultant. He acted as clinical tutor, clinical director, and later medical director of the priority services unit. John loved his garden and was an accomplished layer of bricks and paths. He leaves a wife, Christine, and two children.
Detection of airborne reindeer epithelial antigen by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay inhibition
Authors: K. Reijula, T. Virtanen, L. Halmepuro, H. Anttonen, R. Mäntyjärvi, J. Hassi
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Hypersensitivity reactions to reindeer epithelial (RE) allergens have been recently demonstrated among reindeer herders. To determine the concentration of airborne RE antigens a method based on inhibition of the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. Dust samples were collected in workshops were reindeer leather was processed and the workers had inhaled dry epithelial dust during their working shifts. Specific IgE to RE allergen could be detected in one of 5 workers. RE antigen concentrations varied from 0.01 μg to 3.9 μg/m 3 in the air of the workshop. All workers except one claimed work‐associated respiratory symptoms.
THE INFLUENCE OF AGE OF HOST AND TEMPERATURE OF INCUBATION ON INFECTION OF THE CHICK EMBRYO WITH VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS
Authors: Björn Sigurdsson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Chick embryos after 7 days of incubation were found to be much more susceptible to infection with vesicular stomatitis virus than were 10 day embryos. They had a 100 per cent mortality and were very suitable for titrations of the virus. The rate of increase of virus in 7 and 10 day embryos was studied. Two different temperatures of incubation were employed, 35-36 degrees C. and 39-40 degrees C., and the growth curves for the virus under the different conditions are presented. 10 day embryos were highly resistant and at 39-40 degrees C. more than half of them survived. At the lower temperature of incubation, 35-36 degrees C., all 10 day embryos died, but they survived much longer than did 7 day embryos. In the 7 day embryos death occurred after about 12 hours at 39-40 degrees C. and after about 16 hours at 35-36 degrees C., or earlier at the higher temperature. In embryos of both ages the virus titer reached at the higher temperature was only about 1 per cent of that reached at 35-36 degrees C., even in those that died.
Paroxysmal Cold Haemoglobin after Mumps
Authors: E. W. Colley
Journal: BMJ (1964)

CommunicationsMEDICALSOURNAL is illustrated in the accompanying electrocardiograms, which show that the effect of ascorbic acid began within 15 minutes and was complete within two hours.Of the 12 patients, three were given 1 g. of ascorbic acid, four 2 g., and five 3 g.In no cases were we able to demonstrate a significant alteration of the S-T or T segments of the E.C.G.s at any time up to three hours after the injections.Three of our patients were in atrial fibrillation and there was no alteration in ventricular rate related to the injection of ascorbic acid.One of the patients developed complete A-V dissociation during digitalis treatment, and this also was not influenced by an intravenous injection of 3 g. of ascorbic acid. DISCUSSIONSchultheiss and Tarai claimed that the use of ascorbic acid enabled them to continue digitalization despite the appearance of early side-effects.They also reported for the first time the abolishment of E.C.G. changes related to digitalis in man and were able to decrease the T-wave inversion in 4 out of 30 cases.We can confirm that under some circumstances T-wave inver- sion caused by digoxin can be reversed by the administration of ascorbic acid.We have been unable to show any effect on the cardiograms of patients with heart disease who were being treated with digoxin, and, in particular, there was no effect on any manifestation of digitalis toxicity. SUMMARYIntravenous injections of 1 g. of ascorbic acid restored up- right T-waves in the cardiograms of two healthy volunteers treated with large doses of digoxin.No comparable effect could be demonstrated in patients with abnormal electrocardiograms, and we are unable to confirm a previous report that ascorbic acid minimizes the side-effects of digitalis.The ascorbic acid used in this investigation was kindly supplied by Roche Products Limited.
Time course of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increase in serum following inhalation of swine dust.
Authors: Z Wang, P Malmberg, P Larsson, B M Larsson, K Larsson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Inhalation of swine dust induces airway inflammation and general symptoms, such as fever and malaise. In the present investigation, the presence and time course of changes in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were studied to evaluate possible mechanisms by which inhalation of swine dust induces general symptoms. A group of 14 previously nonexposed subjects weighed swine for 3 h. The average +/- SD inhalable dust concentration was 22.4 +/- 4.7 mg/m3 and endotoxin, 1.2 +/- 0.4 microgram/m3. TNF-alpha in serum increased from 2.5 (1.8 to 3.1) ng/L (median, interquartile range) before exposure to maximum values 10.0 (4.6 to 15.7) ng/L between 3 and 5 h after the start of exposure. IL-6 increased from less than 1.5 to 21.4 (18.6 to 33.6) ng/L 4 to 11 h after the start of exposure. Maximum IL-6 occurred 1 to 5 h after the maximum TNF-alpha. In many subjects, however, an early rise in IL-6 parallel to the change in TNF-alpha was seen. The results that some of the peripheral reactions to swine dust might be mediated by TNF-alpha and IL-6. The early rise in IL-6 implies multiple origins of the IL-6.
HIGH-RISK PLAQUE PREDICTS ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME INDEPENDENTLY OF SIGNIFICANT CAD IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CHEST PAIN: RESULTS FROM ROMICAT II
Authors: Maros Ferencik, Stefan Puchner, Ting Liu, Thomas Mayrhofer, Quynh Truong, Hang Lee, Jerome Fleg, John Nagurney, James Udelson, Udo Hoffmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Susceptibility of Mice Deficient in CD1D or TAP1 to Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </i>
Authors: Samuel M. Behar, Chris C. Dascher, Michael J. Grusby, Chyung-Ru Wang, Michael B. Brenner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Cellular immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis controls infection in the majority of infected humans. Studies in mice have delineated an important role for CD4+ T cells and cytokines including interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α in the response to infection with mycobacteria. Recently, the identification of CD8+ CD1-restricted T cells that kill M. tuberculosis organisms via granulysin and the rapid death after infection of β2 microglobulin deficient mice in humans has drawn attention to a critical role for CD8+ T cells. The nature of mycobacterial-specific CD8+ T cells has been an enigma because few have been identified in any species. Here, we delineate the contribution of class I MHC–restricted T cells in the defense against tuberculosis as transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)1-deficient mice died rapidly, bore a greater bacterial burden, and had more severe tissue pathology than control mice. In contrast, CD1D−/− mice were not significantly different in their susceptibility to infection than control mice. This data demonstrates a critical role for TAP-dependent peptide antigen presentation and provides further evidence that class I MHC–restricted CD8+ T cells, the major T cell subset activated by this antigen processing pathway, play an essential role in immunity to tuberculosis.