tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer of the Uterus in Adrenogenitalism
Authors: H. C. McLaren
Journal: BMJ (1950)

One hundred and thirteen patients with acute staphylococcal infections have been treated with daily doses of a preparation consisting of 300,000 units of procaine penicillin in oil with 1% aluminium stearate and 100,000 units of sodiumn penicillin.The results have been found to be as satisfactory as those in a similar series of patients treated with 300,000 units of procaine penicillin daily or 300,000 units of sodium penicillin in saline twice daily.Levels of penicillin in the blood of 81 of these patients during treatment are recorded.We would like to thank Professor Sir James
Use of aortic counterpulsation to improve sustained coronary artery patency during acute myocardial infarction. Results of a randomized trial. The Randomized IABP Study Group.
Authors: E M Ohman, B S George, C J White, M J Kern, P A Gurbel, R J Freedman, C Lundergan, J R Hartmann, J D Talley, M J Frey
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Aortic counterpulsation has been observed to reduce the rate of reocclusion of the infarct-related artery after patency has been restored during acute myocardial infarction in observational studies. To evaluate the benefit-to-risk ratio of aortic counterpulsation during the early phase of myocardial infarction, a multicenter randomized clinical trial was performed. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients who had patency restored during acute cardiac catheterization within the first 24 hours of onset of myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to aortic counterpulsation for 48 hours versus standard care. Intravenous heparin was used similarly in both groups and was continued for a median (25th, 75th percentile) of 5 (2,7) days. A total of 182 patients were enrolled; 96 were assigned to aortic counterpulsation and 86 to standard care. Repeat cardiac catheterization was performed at a median of 5 (4,6) days after randomization in 89% of patients assigned to aortic counterpulsation and in 90% of control patients. Patients randomized to aortic counterpulsation had similar rates of severe bleeding complications (2% versus 1%), number of units of blood transfused (mean, 1.3 +/- 2.6 versus 0.9 +/- 1.8 units), and vascular repair or thrombectomy (5% versus 2%) compared with patients treated in a conventional manner. Patients randomized to aortic counterpulsation had significantly less reocclusion of the infarct-related artery during follow-up compared with control patients (8% versus 21%, P &lt; .03). In addition, there was a significantly lower event rate in patients assigned to aortic counterpulsation in terms of a composite clinical end point (death, stroke, reinfarction, need for emergency revascularization with angioplasty or bypass surgery, or recurrent ischemia): 13% versus 24%, P &lt; .04. CONCLUSIONS This randomized trial showed that careful use of prophylactic aortic counterpulsation can prevent reocclusion of the infarct-related artery and improve overall clinical outcome in patients undergoing acute cardiac catheterization during myocardial infarction.
Adenosine receptor blockade enhances glycolysis in hypoperfused guinea-pig myocardium
Authors: Z Gao
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

This study tested the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine depresses anaerobic glycolysis in preischaemic and moderately ischaemic myocardium.Isolated, working guinea-pig hearts, perfused with glucose-fortified Krebs-Henseleit buffer, were subjected to 15 min mild hypoperfusion (coronary flow 60% of baseline) followed by 10 min ischaemia (coronary flow 20% of baseline). Adenosine A1 receptors were blocked with 8-p-sulfophenyl theophylline (8-SPT; 20 microM). Glucose oxidation and lactate production from exogenous glucose were assessed from 14CO2 and [14C]lactate formation, respectively, from [U-14C]glucose. Energy metabolites, glycolytic intermediates and glycogen were measured in extracts of stop-frozen preischaemic, mildly hypoperfused and ischaemic myocardium.Adenosine receptor blockade did not affect left ventricular function assessed from heart rate x pressure product and pressure x volume work although coronary flow was slightly reduced. Adenosine receptor blockade increased glucose uptake (P < 0.05) by 100% during preischaemia and by 74% during mild hypoperfusion, and increased lactate production from exogenous glucose (P < 0.05) by 89% during preischaemia and fourfold during mild hypoperfusion, but did not stimulate glucose oxidation under any condition. Glycogen degradation was not increased by adenosine receptor blockade during ischaemia. Crossover plots of glycolytic intermediates revealed that phosphofructokinase was activated by adenosine receptor blockade at all three levels of perfusion.Endogenous adenosine attenuates anaerobic glycolysis in normally perfused, hypoperfused and ischaemic myocardium by blunting phosphofructokinase activity; this effect is mediated by adenosine A1 receptors.
Th2 cytokine genotypes are associated with a milder form of primary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: M Pertovaara
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Immunohistological studies on salivary and lacrimal glands have yielded conflicting results on the Th1/Th2 balance in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).To establish whether pSS is a Th1 or Th2 directed autoimmune disease by analysing the polymorphism of the genes encoding for cytokines involved in the regulation of Th1/Th2 differentiation.The polymorphisms of the genes encoding for interleukin 4 (IL4) -590 C/T, interleukin 13 (IL13) +2044 G/A, and interferon gamma (IFNG) +874 T/A were analysed in 63 white Finnish patients with pSS (61 female, two male) and in 63 healthy controls. The clinical and immunological data on the pSS patients were analysed in relation to these cytokine gene polymorphisms.There were no significant differences in the genotype or allele frequencies of IL4 -590, IL13 +2044, or IFNG +874 between pSS patients and controls. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and concentrations of serum IgA and serum beta2 microglobulin were lower in pSS patients carrying the IL4 -590 T allele or the IL13 +2044 A allele than in those not carrying the respective alleles. The IL4 -509 T allele and IL13 +2044 A allele carriers less often had purpura than the corresponding non-carriers.The frequencies of the cytokine genotypes regulating Th1/Th2 differentiation did not differ between pSS patients and controls. However, the presence of cytokine genotypes with increased susceptibility to atopic and other Th2 diseases was associated with signs of a milder form of pSS. This finding would favour a hypothesis envisaging pSS as primarily a Th1 mediated autoimmune disease.
PTH-079 Tenofovir And Entecavir In The Treatment Of Chronic Hepatitis B: Effectiveness And Safety In A Single Centre Experience
Authors: DK Hanumantharaya, R Khan, M Wilkinson, T Wong, G Tritto
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Tenofovir and Entecavir are direct acting antivirals used in the treatment of chronic hep B infection. We describe our hospital experience of the effectiveness of these antiviral drugs in terms of HbeAg seroconversion, development of drug resistence and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma during treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients treated with Tenofovir or Entecavir between 2010 and 2013 at Guy’s and St Thomas hospital trust were identified from hospital pharmacy database. Baseline HBV DNA levels, ALT and albumin levels were recorded on three monthly intervals for upto 48 months. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 132 patients were identified. 84 patients were on Tenofovir (17 pregnant women). Among them, 38% (n = 32) were HbeAg positive, and 26% (n = 22) were cirrhotic. The remaining 48 patients were on Entecavir. Of these, 27% (n = 13) were HbeAg positive and 31% (n = 15) were cirrhotic when treatment was started. The mean baseline HBV DNA levels for HbeAg positive patients were 7.0 log 10 IU (P = 0.0170) and 5.4 log 10 IU (P = 0.0153) for Tenofovir and Entecavir respectively. The mean baseline HBV DNA levels in cirrhotic patients were 4.6 log 10 IU and 4.7 log 10 IU for Tenefovir and Entecavir patients respectively. Sub group analysis showed that HbeAg negative patients achieved early undetectable viral loads (mean 2.1 months on tenefovir, mean 2.8 months on entecavir). HbeAg positive patients achived undetectable viral loads relatively later (mean 11 months on Tenefovir,mean 9 months on Entecavir). HbeAg seroconversion was achieved in 19% (n = 6) of patients on Tenofovir and 15% (n = 2) of patients on Entecavir. Treatment with both antivirals was associated with improvement in synthetic function in cirrhotic patients. Drug resistance occurred in one patient on Entecavir and none of the patients on Tenefovir. Four patients (2 patients on Tenofovir and 2 on Entecavir) developed hepatocellular carcinoma during treatment, all of whom were cirrhotic prior to treatment. Among the 17 pregnant patients treated with Tenofovir, 10 patients were HbeAg positive. The mean pre-treatment baseline HBV DNA levels were 6.8 log 10 IU. HbeAg seroconversion was noted in 2 patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection with both Tenofovir and Entecavir were well tolerated. Undetectable viral loads were achieved in both groups within 12 months of starting treatment. HbeAg seroconversion was noted in 19% (n = 6) patients treated with Tenofovir and 15% (n = 2) patients treated with Entecavir. Overall there was no significant difference in the mean time to undetectable viral loads in patients treated with Tenofovir (7.5 months) and Entecavir (6.1 months). <h3>Reference</h3> Marecellin P, Heathcote EJ, Buti M, <i>et al</i>. NICE-Entecavir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
INFLAMMATORY GENES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERITY OF AORTIC ROOT ANEURYSM PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH MARFAN SYNDROME
Authors: Romy Franken, Teodora Radonic, Alexander den Hartog, Ynte M. Ruigrok, Maarten Groenink, Piet de Witte, Janneke Timmermans, Arthur Scholte, Gerard Pals, Maarten Van Den Berg, Barbara Mulder, Aeilko Zwinderman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A BLOOD SUGAR TOLERANCE TEST
Authors: N. W. JANNEY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

There is need both of a better general understanding of sugar tolerance and of a reliable sugar tolerance test. The customary clinical method has been to give the patient by mouth 100 gm. of glucose dissolved in more or less water and to determine the presence and amount of a possibly resulting glycosuria. This rough procedure is very uncertain. It has been justly criticized by Allen,<sup>1</sup>and also by Hulton and Taylor<sup>2</sup>on the basis of experimental evidence. These investigators called attention to the fact that there is no actual upper limit to sugar tolerance so far as normal individuals are concerned, as they are able to tolerate as much glucose as they can retain. Therefore it is argued that increased tolerance must be nonexistent. This objection has cast doubt on the whole conception of increased sugar tolerance. On the contrary, a<i>decreased</i>power of assimilation of glucose
Efficiency of Heparin in Retarding Media on the Maintenance of a Decreased Coagulability of the Blood
Authors: HELEN I. GLUECK, CLARENCE J. PODORE, JOSEPH E. LEVINSON
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Heparin/Pitkin menstruum has been advocated in the therapy of a variety of thromboembolic disorders. The clinical properties of two such mixtures each with and without vasoconstrictor agents is evaluated and it is demonstrated that a significant prolongation of the clotting time beyond 24 hours cannot be obtained. A comparison between the one tube and the three tube methods for the determination of the coagulation time of blood reveals that both procedures yield comparable data.
Garlic and HIV Medication
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Protective Effect of Cimetidine on Aspirin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage
Authors: PETER A. MacKERCHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Aspirin alters the gastric mucosal barrier as measured by ionic flux and potential difference. The effect of cimetidine on aspirin-induced alterations in gastric mucosa was studied in five normal male volunteers. Aspirin effects were studied with and without previous treatment with cimetidine. Mean (± SEM) basal potential difference was -48 ± 1 mV. After 600 mg of aspirin in 1 dl of isotonic saline, potential difference decreased in 10 min to -39 ± 1 mV (P < 0.001) and returned to baseline within 60 min. Control biopsies showed 2% damaged mucosal cells compared with 20% damaged at the time of maximal drop in potential difference (P < 0.001) after aspirin. Recovery to 9% damage occurred by 60 min. In subjects pretreated with 300 mg cimetidine, potential difference rose during 1 h to -62 ± 1 mV (P < 0.001). After aspirin potential difference fell to -48 ± 1 mV compared with -39 ± 1 mV with aspirin alone (P < 0.01) and returned to -62 ± 1 mV at 60 min. The cimetidine-treated group showed 4% mucosal damage at the peak potential difference fall after aspirin, significantly less (P < 0.02) than in the untreated subjects.
Use of computerized test batteries for quantifying neurobehavioral outcomes.
Authors: R Letz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Neurobehavioral testing provides for noninvasive assessment of the functional integrity of the nervous system. Neurobehavioral tests have been used as quantitative outcome measures in a number of epidemiologic investigations of the potential effects on the nervous system from exposure to organic solvents, heavy metals, and pesticides. Because of the functional complexity of the nervous system, sets of tests assessing a range of functions have been used, with inconsistency from one study to another. Although there has been recent progress in standardizing a core set of tests for use in occupational epidemiology, major consensus on testing methods has not emerged. Standardization of test methods is essential to provide a consistent database for risk analysis. Automation of data collection provides not only standardization, but also improved time efficiency, of data collection and analysis. The computerized Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES) has been developed to address the need for standardized, efficient data acquisition of a range of neurobehavioral variables. Examples of application of NES in epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to solvents are summarized. The need for use of NES as a tool for surveillance and in prospective epidemiologic investigations is emphasized.
P22 Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers Correlate With Fibrosis In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis And Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: H. Parfrey, B. Beardsley, J. Knight, S. Marciniak, D. Rassl
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3></h3> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) are forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias that have distinct histopathological features and outcomes. It is unknown if these idiopathic interstitial pneumonias have common mechanisms of fibrosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sporadic and familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cells trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) with upregulation of chaperones, such as BiP, and the phosphatase growth arrest and DNA damage 34 (GADD34). However, this may have profound effects on cell proliferation and survival. We hypothesised that ER stress may also be involved in the pathogenesis of NSIP. Paraffin embedded lung biopsy sections from 4 patients with sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (UIP histopathology) and 4 non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (NSIP histopathology) were evaluated for the ER stress markers BiP and GADD34 using immunohistochemistry. For each biopsy sample, six high power fields (x 200 magnification) were scored for fibrosis and inflammation as well as BiP and GADD34 using semi-quantitative analysis by 2 blinded, independent investigators. BiP and GADD34 were expressed in areas of fibrosis, localised to reactive type II pneumocytes and endothelial cells. No staining was detected in fibroblasts or fibroblastic foci. In sporadic IPF (UIP), levels of BiP within the epithelium correlated with fibrosis (r<sup>2</sup> 0.56, p = 0.0001, Figure 1a) more than inflammation (r<sup>2</sup> 0.38, p = 0.0013). In contrast, epithelial GADD34 was more strongly associated with NSIP fibrosis (r<sup>2</sup> 0.56, p &lt; 0.0001, Figure 1b). There was no association between the ER stress markers and inflammation in NSIP. These data suggest that ER stress and the unfolded protein response are features of NSIP as well as IPF and may play a role in determining the severity of the fibrotic response.
From Flab to Fab: Transforming Surgical Waste into an Effective Bioactive Coating Material
Authors: Baiwen Luo, Shaojun Yuan, Selin Ee Min Foo, Marcus Thien Chong Wong, Thiam Chye Lim, Nguan Soon Tan, Cleo Choong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Cellular events are regulated by the interaction between integrin receptors in the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Hence, ECM, as a material, can potentially play an instructive role in cell–material interactions. Currently, adipose tissue in the form of lipoaspirate is often discarded. Here, it is demonstrated how our chemical‐free decellularization method could be used to obtain ECM from human lipoaspirate waste material. These investigations show that the main biological components are retained in the lipoaspirate‐derived ECM (LpECM) material and that this LpECM material could subsequently be used as a coating material to confer bioactivity to an otherwise inert biodegradable material (i.e., polycaprolactone). Overall, lipoaspirate material, a complex blend of endogenous proteins, is effectively used a bioactive coating material. This work is an important stepping‐stone towards the development of biohybrid scaffolds that contain cellular benefits without requiring the use of additional biologics based on commonly discarded lipoaspirate material.
The Health Policy Agenda and the Prevention of Nuclear War-Reply
Authors: Bruce E. Balfe
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  The threat of nuclear war, and preventing it from ever happening, is an issue that is beyond the scope of the Health Policy Agenda (HPA) project. The HPA project undertook the design of a health system for the United States that anticipates the health needs of the country into the next century. Many agree that there is no adequate medical response to a total nuclear war and that prevention of nuclear war is therefore the only rational international policy. However, the prevention of nuclear war is an issue that requires an international political solution. It cannot be accomplished through the design of a health system. Thus, while the threat of nuclear war is one factor in the environment within which the HPA was conducted, no attempt was made to address it directly.
TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM, TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE POTASSIUM, AND TOTAL BODY WATER IN EDEMATOUS PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER AND CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE1
Authors: L. W. Birkenfeld, J. Leibman, M. P. O'Meara, I. S. Edelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

Total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body water were determined in nonedematous hospitalized controls and in edematous patients with cirrhosis of the liver and chronic congestive heart failure with the use of Na/sup 24/, K/sup 42/ and D/sub 2/O as tracers. (auth)
Bronchoscopic cryotherapy for advanced bronchial carcinoma.
Authors: D A Walsh, M O Maiwand, A R Nath, P Lockwood, M H Lloyd, M Saab
Journal: Thorax (1990)

A prospective study was carried out to assess the value of bronchoscopic cryotherapy for palliation of inoperable bronchial carcinoma with bronchial obstruction. Symptoms, lung function, and chest radiographic and bronchoscopic findings were recorded serially before and after 81 cryotherapy sessions in 33 consecutive patients. Most patients improved in terms of overall symptoms, stridor, and haemoptysis and they had an overall improvement in dyspnoea. Objective improvement in lung function was seen in 58% of patients and the changes in lung function correlated with symptoms. Bronchoscopic evidence of relief of bronchial obstruction was seen in 77% of patients and 24% showed improvement in degree of collapse on the radiograph. There were no important complications. These results compare favourably with the results in published series of patients having laser therapy. It is concluded that bronchoscopic cryotherapy is valuable for the palliation of inoperable bronchial carcinoma.
Mite sensitization in the Scandinavian countries and factors influencing exposure
Authors: A. K. M. Munir
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Mites are the common sources of indoor allergen and play a major role in sensitization and elicitation of allergic disease. In the Scandinavian countries, mite infestations in the home were not common in the past decades. Recent studies show that sensitization to mites among children, particularly in Sweden, is increasing. Similar trends have also been reported in Norway. Poor indoor climate, e.g., high humidity and poor ventilation as a consequence of energy‐saving measures, are cited as a possible explanation of this increase. Modern furnishings, e.g., carpets and various kinds of upholstery, may also serve as reservoirs of indoor allergens. At least 2 μg of mite allergen per g of dust is considered to be a risk level for sensitization and symptoms of asthma. As compared to experience from other parts of the world, mite‐allergen levels are generally low in the northern Scandinavian regions. Recent studies from Sweden and other European countries show that mite sensitization may occur below 2 μg/g dust. Various environmental adjuvant factors may affect the threshold levels of allergen. In this review, the importance of the indoor environment for the accumulation of mite allergens, sensitization to mites in the Scandinavian countries, and various environmental factors that could influence exposure levels will be discussed.