tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid regulation of insulin receptor and substrate IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle in vivo.
Authors: F Giorgino, A Almahfouz, L J Goodyear, R J Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

To test the hypothesis that glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance might originate from abnormalities in insulin receptor signaling, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on in vivo tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the insulin receptor substrate IRS-1 in rat skeletal muscle. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cortisone (100 mg/kg for 5 d) and compared to pair-fed controls. Cortisone treatment of rats resulted in both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Anesthetized animals were injected with 10 U/kg insulin via cardiac puncture and, after 2 min, hindlimb muscles were removed, snap-frozen, and homogenized in SDS. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was studied by immunoblotting with phosphotyrosine antibody. Insulin receptors and substrate IRS-1 were identified and quantified with specific antibodies. Cortisone treatment increased the amount of insulin receptor protein by 36%, but decreased the total level of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation (69 +/- 4% of control, P < 0.05). The decreased level of receptor phosphorylation was explained by a reduced number of receptors containing phosphorylated tyrosine residues (64.6 +/- 5% of control, P < 0.05). Glucocorticoid excess decreased skeletal muscle IRS-1 content by 50%, but did not significantly alter the total level of IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. The apparent M(r) of IRS-1 was reduced by approximately 10 kD. Treatment with protein phosphatase-2A reduced IRS-1 M(r) in control but not in glucocorticoid-treated muscle indicating that the lower M(r) likely results from lower phosphoserine and/or phosphothreonine content. To investigate the role of hyperinsulinemia in the glucocorticoid response, rats were made insulin-deficient with streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, i.p.). Subsequent treatment with cortisone for 5 d had no effects on insulin levels, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptors or IRS-1, or the M(r) of IRS-1. In conclusion, glucocorticoid-treated skeletal muscle is characterized by: (a) decreased total tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptors as a result of a reduction in the pool of receptors undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation; (b) decreased IRS-1 content and reduced serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Glucocorticoid-induced hyperinsulinemia appears to be essential for the development of these alterations.
Early Involvement of the Spinal Cord in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Dinesh Selvarajah, Iain D. Wilkinson, Celia J. Emery, Nigel D. Harris, Pamela J. Shaw, Daniel R. Witte, Paul D. Griffiths, Solomon Tesfaye
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—The pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is poorly understood. We have recently reported a significant reduction in spinal cord cross-sectional area at the stage of clinically detectable DPN. In this study, we investigated whether spinal cord atrophy occurs in early (subclinical) DPN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Eighty-one male type 1 diabetic subjects, 24 nondiabetic control subjects, and 8 subjects with hereditary sensory motor neuropathy (HSMN) type 1A underwent detailed clinical and neurophysiological assessments. Diabetic subjects were subsequently divided into three groups based on neuropathy severity (19 with no DPN, 23 with subclinical DPN, and 39 with clinically detectable DPN). All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine and cord area measurements at disc level C2/C3. RESULTS—Mean corrected spinal cord area index (SCAI) (corrected for age, height, and weight) was 67.5 mm [95% CI 64.1–70.9] in diabetic subjects without DPN. Those with subclinical (62.4 mm [59.5–65.3]) and clinically detectable DPN (57.2 mm [54.9–59.6]) had lower mean SCAIs compared with subjects with no DPN (P = 0.03 and P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was found between diabetic subjects without DPN and nondiabetic control subjects (69.2 mm [66.3–72.0], P = 0.47). Mean SCAIs in subjects with HSMN type 1A (71.07 mm [65.3–76.9]) were not significantly different from those for nondiabetic control subjects and diabetic subjects without DPN. Among diabetic subjects, SCAI was significantly related to sural sensory conduction velocities and the Neuropathy Composite and Symptom Scores. CONCLUSIONS—Spinal cord involvement occurs early in DPN. There is also a significant relation between reduction in SCAI and neurophysiological assessments of DPN.
Alcohol Intake and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Persons With Older-Onset Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Charles T. Valmadrid
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextDespite nutrition information and guidelines that advise against depriving diabetic patients of the potential benefit of moderate alcohol intake against cardiovascular events, the association between alcohol consumption and risk of cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic individuals has not been determined.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between alcohol intake and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in persons with older-onset diabetes.DesignPopulation-based, prospective cohort study conducted from 1984 through 1996, with a follow-up of up to 12.3 years.Setting and ParticipantsA total of 983 older-onset diabetic individuals (mean [SD] age, 68.6 [11.0] years; 45.2% male; 98.5% white) were interviewed about their past-year intake of alcoholic beverages during the 1984-1986 follow-up examination of a population-based study of diabetic persons in southern Wisconsin.Main Outcome MeasureTime to mortality from CHD by category alcohol intake.ResultsAlcohol use was inversely associated with risk of CHD mortality in older-onset diabetic subjects. The CHD mortality rates for never and former drinkers were 43.9 and 38.5 per 1000 person-years, respectively, while the rates for those with alcohol intakes of less than 2, 2 to 13, and 14 or more g/d were 25.3, 20.8, and 10.0 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Compared with never drinkers and controlling for age, sex, cigarette smoking, glycosylated hemoglobin level, insulin use, plasma C-peptide level, history of angina or myocardial infarction, digoxin use, and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy, former drinkers had a relative risk (RR) of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-1.12); for those who drank less than 2 g/d (less frequent than 1 drink a week), the RR was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.33-0.90); for 2 to 13 g/d, it was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.23-0.84); and for 14 or more g/d (about 1 drink or more a day), it was 0.21 (95% CI, 0.09-0.48). Further adjustments for blood pressure, body mass index, education, physical activity, diabetes duration, hypertension history, overt nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, lipid measures, or intake of medications such as aspirin and antihypertensive agents did not change the associations observed.ConclusionOur results suggest an overall beneficial effect of alcohol consumption in decreasing the risk of death due to CHD in people with older-onset diabetes.
POLYFUNCTIONAL DINITROPHENYL HAPTENS AS REAGENTS FOR ELICITATION OF IMMEDIATE TYPE ALLERGIC SKIN RESPONSES
Authors: Charles W. Parker, Milton Kern, Herman N. Eisen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Dinitrophenyl derivatives of differing molecular weights and degrees of substitution have been contrasted with respect to their ability to elicit immediate type allergic responses and their capacity to induce antibody formation in the guinea pig. In contradistinction to dinitrophenyl-proteins, bis-DNP-lysine and DNP-polylysines (including a 100,000 molecular weight derivative) failed to induce antibody detectable by guinea pig passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Dinitrophenyl-polylysines evoked urticarial responses non-specifically, but after succinylation were about as effective as dinitrophenyl-proteins in eliciting specific cutaneous reactions. An important factor influencing the effectiveness of bis-DNP-lysine in evoking specific wheal-and-erythema responses is antibody affinity for the dinitrophenyl-lysyl determinant.
Culture and Health
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Malcolm MacLachlan John Wiley & Sons, £15.99, pp 316 ISBN 0 471 96626 6

“This book offers a path through a forest,” promises Malcolm MacLachlan. The foliage in question is the tangled, intertwined confusion of today's multicultural society: “At different times of day the light will play tricks on you with shadows pointing you to travel in one direction or another.” Many paths are false trails, but MacLachlan aims to guide us through with original concepts mixed in with worldwide examples of how culture complicates health. Cultural differences can seem both …
Reverse Redistribution in TI-201 Stress-Redistribution Myocardial Scintigraphy
Authors: LEONARDO PACE, ALBERTO CUOCOLO, EMANUELE NICOLAI, MASSIMO IMBRIACO, SIMONE MAUREA, ANTONIO NAPPI, BRUNO RICCIARDELLI, MARCO SALVATORE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

To clarify the clinical significance of TI-201 reverse redistribution (RR), 33 patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent stress-redistribution TI-201 cardiac imaging with rest reinjection, coronary arteriography, and 2D-echocardiography. Rest Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy was also performed in 27 of the 33 patients. A total of 495 segments were analyzed for TI-201 scintigraphy (405 for Tc-99m MIBI). Each segment was assigned to one of the major coronary artery territories. Two patterns of RR were identified; 1) pattern A (RR-A) showed normal TI-201 uptake on stress images and lower than normal on redistribution images, and 2) pattern B (RR-B) showed lower than normal TI-201 uptake on stress images with further decrease on redistribution images. The RR phenomenon was found in 46 (9% of the total) segments; 25 with RR-A and 21 with RR-B. Reverse redistribution pattern A segments had lower Tc-99m MIBI uptake (84 ± 9% versus 92 ± 10%, P < 0.0001) and a higher percentage of stenosed coronary arteries (80% versus 49%, P < 0.05) compared to normal segments (n = 204, 41% of the total). No difference in wall motion was observed between RR-A and normal segments. Of the 25 segments with RR-A, 14 showed enhanced TI-201 uptake after reinjection (Re+) and 11 remained unchanged after reinjection (Re–). Segments that were Re– showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower Tc-99m MIBI uptake (79 ± 9%) compared to Re+ segments (87 ± 8%) and normal segments (92 ± 10%). No difference in wall motion was observed between Re+ and Re– segments. Normal and Re+ segments did not differ significantly in any of the variables considered. Reverse redistribution-pattern B segments did not significantly differ from those with reversible or irreversible TI-201 defects. These data suggests that in patients with chronic CAD segments with normal TI-201 uptake on stress images and decreased TI-201 uptake on redistribution images should not be considered normal segments. Thallium-201 reinjection at rest appears to be able to further stratify these segments, identifying those with enhanced TI-201 uptake after reinjection that show myocardial perfusion and coronary anatomy similar to normal segments.
Nortriptyline in Depressed Patients With Left Ventricular Impairment
Authors: Steven P. Roose
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Previous studies of the effect of tricyclic antidepressants on left ventricular function in depressed patients with moderate to severe ventricular impairment have focused primarily on imipramine hydrochloride. In a prior study, we found that although imipramine had no effect on ejection fraction as measured by first-pass radionuclide angiography, the treatment could not be tolerated by 50% of the patients because of intolerable drug-induced orthostatic hypotension. Nortriptyline hydrochloride is an effective antidepressant that, in depressed patients without heart disease, causes significantly less orthostatic hypotension than imipramine. To see if this advantage could be safely extended to patients with congestive failure, we measured the effect of nortriptyline on ejection fraction and blood pressure in 21 depressed patients with left ventricular impairment. Ejection fraction was unchanged by nortriptyline treatment, and orthostatic hypotension developed in only one (5%) of 21 patients. Nortriptyline emerges as a relatively safe treatment for depression in patients with left ventricular impairment.
Diagnosis and Therapy for Anticholinesterase Poisoning
Authors: Van M. Sim
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A recent communication 1 stressed that 75% of the systemic poisonings resulting from occupational exposures to agricultural chemicals are due to organophosphorus insecticides, and that 31% to 58% of the people working with pesticides show effects of absorption of these chemicals.  Physicians can expect to see more and more victims of organophosphorus insecticide (eg, malathion, parathion, tetraethylpyrophosphate [TEPP], diisopropyl fluorophosphate [DFP]) poisonings as the dosages of these compounds are increased and more toxic materials are developed to overcome the resistance now appearing in many species of insects. A review of the literature on fatalities resulting from these anticholinesterase compounds reveals several important facts. The death of the majority of patients who were attended by medical personnel was the result of lack of proper diagnosis, improper or ineffective method of resuscitation, use of improper or, if correct, inadequate therapy— too little and too late .  The following is intended to give the physician
The Changing Culture of an Indian Tribe.
Authors: Margaret Mead
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PTH-031 An Increasing Demand For Enhanced Sedation Endoscopy: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: D Joshi, M Austin, T Bate, S Cairns
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The demand for enhanced sedation endoscopy (ESE) appears to be increasing due to increasingly challenging diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. BSG Working Party guidance were issued in 2011.<sup>1</sup> Our aim is to describe a single centre experience and highlight the importance of providing such a service. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective review of all patients undergoing elective ESE at Brighton and Sussex University Hospital (BSUH) from March 2012 to March 2013. Cases were performed in the endoscopy department and in a day surgery theatre. Patients were identified using the Unisoft endoscopy program and day theatre list records. Patient records were reviewed in addition to endoscopy reports. Data collection included patient demographics, indication for procedure, procedure length, success of procedure if previously failed and complications. Data presented as median with range. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 89 procedures (OGD x 25 (28%), colonoscopy x 28 (31%), flexible sigmoidoscopy x 2 (2%), ERCP x 24 (27%), OGD/colonoscopy x 10 (9%)) in 79 patients were performed. Median age 53 years (22–75 years), weight 77.5kg (52–126 kg), BMI 26 (22–48), female 60%, ASA 2 (1–4). Indications for ESE included a previously poorly tolerated procedure (38%,n = 34), co-morbidities (24%, n = 21), patient choice (20%, n = 18), previously failed procedure (9%, n = 10) and likely long procedure (7%, n = 6). 80 patients received a combination of propofol/ fentanyl sedation whilst 9 patients required a full general anaesthetic. ESE was delivered by a designated anaesthetist. Median duration of procedure was 35 min (10–65 min). There were no endoscopic related complications. 1 patient developed hypotension requiring intravenous fluids and was admitted for observations overnight and 1 patient developed bronchospasm post extubation requiring intravenous steroid and nebulisers but did not require admission. The use of ESE resulted in the successful completion of all endoscopic procedures. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Review of our referrals demonstrates an increasing demand of ESE. Our service initially began as an ad hoc list but now is weekly. ESE appears to be a safe, time efficient and reduces the requirement for repeat procedures. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Guidance for th, UKe use of propofol sedation for adult patients undergoing ERCP and other complex upper GI endoscopy procedures, April 2011. RCoA and BSG working party <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
THE ACCUMULATION OF IRON IN TUBERCULOUS AREAS
Authors: Valy Menkin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

Repeated intravenous injections of dilute ferric chloride solution in tuberculous rabbits markedly retard the development of the disease as evidenced both by a prolongation in the survival time and by comparison of lesions in control and experimental animals. Partial immunity induced by first infection combined with ferric chloride administration enhances in reinfected animals even more strikingly the favorable effects of the iron salt. Some of the experimental animals were still alive and apparently well about 6 months after the death of the last of the controls which succumbed about 4 months after reinfection with virulent tubercle bacilli. Factors that may perhaps account for the favorable effect of ferric chloride in experimental tuberculosis have been discussed.
Vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;, Blood PLP Level, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer—Reply
Authors: Susanna C. Larsson
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dental health and acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: H. Gilmour, E. Kay, D. Northridge
Journal: BMJ (1989)

health district invests in dedicated preventive health visiting care for elderly people over the age of 70.The cost of one or two preventable admissions to hospital a week must more than pay for a compact team covering a defined locality such as Malvern, where I work.Community workers know that we can respond quickly to a request to meet personal hygiene needs if required.We are at present proactively visiting people over 80 in Malvern and have found little unmet hygiene needs in those unknown to us so conclude that our service does work.I think that perhaps all health districts should consider in their performance indicators for the elderly how many baths and simple toenail cutting services they provide and whether a service provided under health visiting management would not answer any unmet need cost effectively.
UK civil rights groups question safety of stun guns
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Civil rights groups and mental health charities are demanding an independent safety evaluation of electric stun weapons before they are used by police forces in the United Kingdom.

The Metropolitan Police and Northamptonshire Constabulary are considering introducing the “taser” stun gun from the United States as an alternative to firearms used against violent suspects. The taser fires barbed darts that deliver a 50000 volt shock to …
US will disclose Medicare's payments to doctors
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The US government announced on Wednesday 2 April that it will publicize the payments that Medicare makes to individual doctors.

The data will contain detailed payment information on 880 000 healthcare professionals for services that they have provided to Medicare beneficiaries under the program’s Part B “fee for service” program, which covers outpatient care.

The data, which may be released as early as next week, will cover payments for $77bn (£46.4bn; €56.2bn) paid out by Medicare to healthcare providers in 2012.

In a blog post on 2 April Jonathan Blum, principal deputy administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), said that the goal of the release …
CORRELATION OF SPECIFIC MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CULPRIT LESION WITH THE EFFICACY OF THROMBOLYSIS. AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Konstantinos Toutouzas, Antonis Karanasos, Elefterios Tsiamis, Maria Riga, Andreas Synetos, Maria Drakopoulou, Costas Tsioufis, Elli Stefanadi, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)