tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
South Africa acts to curb spread of lethal strain of TB
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The South African government has invited experts from the World Health Organization to meet next week in a bid to formulate a plan to combat the rise in multidrug resistant and extensively multidrug resistant tuberculosis. The move comes amid allegations that the government has failed to act promptly.

South Africa's Medical Research Council, its National Health Department, and WHO say that none of the drugs currently available in South Africa for first or second line treatment of tuberculosis is effective against the extensively resistant variant.

The government's response follows an emergency meeting held last month in Johannesburg that was attended by representatives from the …
REPEAT MRI FOR PATIENTS WITH IMPLANTED CARDIAC DEVICES DOES NOT INCREASE THE RISK OF CLINICAL EVENTS OR PARAMETER CHANGES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE MAGNASAFE REGISTRY
Authors: Robert J. Russo, Heather Costa, Debra Doud, Ulrika Birgersdotter-Green, Daniel Bloomgarden, Todd Florin, Rachel Lampert, Christian Machado, Edward Martin, George Ponce, Michael Porter, Raymond Schaerf, Gail Tominaga, Seth Uretsky, Steven Wolff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Induction by interleukin 6 of Gs-coupled prostaglandin E2 receptors in rat hepatocytes mediating a prostaglandin E2-dependent inhibition of the hepatocyte’s acute phase response
Authors: Alexandra Fennekohl, Maria Lucas, Gerhard P. Püschel
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Prostanoids, that are released from nonparenchymal liver cells in response to proinflammatory stimuli, are involved in the regulation of hepatic functions during inflammation. They exert their effects on their target cells via heptahelical receptors in the plasma membrane. For the 5 prostanoids prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), prostaglandin F(2alpha), prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)), prostacyclin, and thromboxane A(2) there exist 8 receptors that are coupled to different heterotrimeric G proteins. These receptors are expressed differentially in the 4 principal liver cell types, i.e., hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells. It was intriguing, that the messenger RNA (mRNA) of none of the G(s)-coupled prostanoid receptors (DP-R, EP2-R, EP4-R, and IP-R) that can attenuate the inflammatory reaction were present in hepatocytes. The current study shows that the expression of the G(s)-coupled prostanoid receptors EP2-R, EP4-R, and DP-R, but not the IP-R, was efficiently and rapidly up-regulated by treatment of hepatocytes in vitro or rats in vivo with the key acute phase cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). In IL-6-treated hepatocytes PGE(2) in turn attenuated the IL-6-induced alpha(2)-macroglobulin formation via a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signal chain. The data indicate that an IL-6-mediated induction of the previously not expressed EP2-R and EP4-R on hepatocytes might establish a prostanoid-mediated feedback inhibition loop for the attenuation of the acute phase response.
The power of the press in smokers' attempts to quit
Authors: L. H. Ferry
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In April 2002, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) released guidance on cost effective pharmacological treatment of tobacco addiction.1 This endorsement allows every health authority in England and Wales to provide nicotine replacement or bupropion for patients who are dependent on tobacco and request treatment. Whether smokers will ask for and receive these drugs depends on many factors. Two scenarios, from the United Kingdom and the United States, illustrate the struggle between the press and medical experts to investigate and report concerns about the safety of new drugs for smoking cessation and the effect this struggle has on reported attempts to quit smoking.

The NHS advanced the treatment of the tobacco dependence movement with three initiatives: a white paper that established a priority for the treatment of tobacco dependence in 1998,2 a national plan for expanded smoking cessation services launched in 1999-2000, and the approval of bupropion in 2000 and nicotine replacement in 2001 for inclusion in the NHS reimbursement scheme. The Royal College of Physicians …
SHORT-TERM (10-YEAR) AND LIFETIME PREDICTED RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: THE CRONICAS COHORT STUDY
Authors: Renato Quispe, Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez, Julio Poterico, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz, William Checkley, Robert Gilman, Mark Huffman, Jaime Miranda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Diffuse Alveolar Damage after Exposure to an Oil Fly Ash
Authors: ANDREW J. GHIO, JACK G. GILBEY, VICTOR L. ROGGLI, JUDY H. RICHARDS, JOHN K. McGEE, JOHNNY L. CARSON, ROBERT B. DEVLIN, WAYNE E. CASCIO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<CASE REPORTMETHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
NIH: With Friends like That
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

So much confusion and rancor have recently been generated by Congressional efforts to write a legislative charter for the National Institutes of Health that it is difficult to determine what has actually happened, let alone estimate the potential effects on NIH and, in turn, the national biomedical-research enterprise.What's certain, though, is that NIH has just passed through a phase of turbulence — with more almost sure to come — unmatched since the Nixon Administration took to lopping off senior administrative heads on the Bethesda campus. Apart from the absence of comparable casualties, the main difference in today's difficulties is . . .
Abstract 1423: Resistance to LDHA inhibitors requires signaling through the AMPK/mTOR/S6K pathway leading to increased oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Aaron Boudreau, David Peterson, John Moffat, Bonnie Liu, Mandy Kwong, Min Gao, Hans Purkey, Thomas O'Brien, Georgia Hatzivassiliou, Anneleen Daemen, Marie Evangelista
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is an attractive candidate for targeting glycolysis-addicted tumors. However, due to the inherent plasticity of metabolic networks in cells, there is concern that the benefit of targeting LDHA may be transient and that resistance will quickly emerge. To identify predictive features of LHDA inhibitor sensitivity and to understand how cells adapt to long-term LHDA inhibition, we screened a large panel (∼500) of tumor cell lines with GNE-140, a newly developed LHDA inhibitor. We found that approximately 15% of lines were inherently sensitive to the LDHA inhibitor, with sensitivity correlating with increased expression of glycolysis genes and inversely correlating with expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes. Despite the metabolic plasticity of cells, the timing of acquired resistance to LDHA inhibitors was comparable with other targeted agents. Under long-term LDHAi treatment, glycolytic cells acquired resistance by increased oxidative phosporylation (OX-PHOS) in a mechanism dependent on the AMPK stress response pathway; targeting either AMPK, downstream kinases, or OX-PHOS using tool compounds synergized with and prevented acquired resistance to GNE-140. Taken together, our data suggests that targeting anaerobic glycolysis may benefit a subset of patients across indications and that combinations with agents that block AMPK signaling or the mitochondria will be effective at delaying tumor relapse. Citation Format: Aaron Boudreau, David Peterson, John Moffat, Bonnie Liu, Mandy Kwong, Min Gao, Hans Purkey, Thomas O'Brien, Georgia Hatzivassiliou, Anneleen Daemen, Marie Evangelista. Resistance to LDHA inhibitors requires signaling through the AMPK/mTOR/S6K pathway leading to increased oxidative phosphorylation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1423. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1423
Abstract C46: ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 overexpression in canine mammary cancer and their role as targets in comparative oncology
Authors: Marlene Weichselbaumer, Josef Singer, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Thomas Stockner, Diana Mechtcheriakova, Yury Sobanov, Erika Bajna, Friedrich Wrba, Reinhard Horvat, Johann G. Thalhammer, Michael Willmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In human medicine, passive immunotherapy is a well-established tool to fight cancer. Cetuximab and trastuzumab are famous examples of effective monoclonal antibody therapies for the treatment of ErbB-1 (EGFR) overexpressing colon tumors and for ErbB-2 (HER2/neu) overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Mammary carcinomas of dogs are the most important cause of tumor-related death in females. It is known that these tumors also express tumor markers similar to human breast cancer and that regarding the idea of comparative oncology cancer in pet dogs are a valuable model for speeding up drug development. Therefore, we aimed to investigate more closely canine ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 and the applicability of cetuximab and trastuzumab in the dog. Screenings with FDA-approved immunohistochemical diagnostic tests of canine mammary tumor samples showed 3/10 ErbB-1 and 4/10 ErbB-2 overexpression, which seems similar to the expression pattern in human breast cancer patients. Sequence analyses revealed amino acid sequence identities of 91% between human and canine ErbB-1 and 92% for ErbB-2. Modeling of those proteins showed that the human cetuximab epitope differs in only four amino acids compared to the canine counterpart and that the trastuzumab binding site is identical in human and canine ErbB-2 except for only one amino acid. Using flow cytometry analyses cetuximab and trastuzumab binding could be confirmed in four canine mammary carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, cell viability assays showed that incubation of canine cell lines with both antibodies inhibited tumor cell proliferation, even though there are lower numbers of ErbB molecules on canine than on human cells, which was confirmed by a flow cytometry-based assay. This comparative oncology study indicates that ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 are highly conserved molecules with significant concordance in terms of structure and expression pattern between human and canine cancer. Importantly, the canine homologous molecules are susceptible to cetuximab and trastuzumab targeting, which may open up new avenues towards antibody-based immunotherapies in companion dogs and improvements in anticancer drug development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr C46.
RTOG 0017: A Phase I Trial of Concurrent Gemcitabine/Carboplatin or Gemcitabine/Paclitaxel and Radiation Therapy (“Ping-Pong Trial”) Followed By Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Favorable Prognosis Inoperable Stage IIIA/B Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hak Choy, Anshu K. Jain, Jennifer Moughan, Walter Curran, Gary Whipple, William F. Demas, David S. Ettinger
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Denial of the AMA-Endorsed Disability Insurance Program Owing to Marriage Counseling
Authors: Mark S. Komrad
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  Destigmatizing Mental Illness is the year's theme for the American Psychiatric Association, proclaimed by its president, Paul J. Fink, MD. The effort to divest psychiatric and emotional disorders of sensationalism and to make psychiatric treatments comparable with other medical therapies is an important one for our patients and the medical profession at large. There is no better place to begin than in our own house.  For the last year, I have been seeing a professional for marriage counseling. This has been a most valuable and significant endeavor. It has promoted my sense of well-being and cognitive sharpness as much, if not more, than exercise, weight loss, stress management, and other treatments prescribed by physicians for their essentially well and functional patients who wish an added measure of vigor and sophistication about their physical and emotional functioning.  I was incredulous when I applied to the American Medical
Therapy Modifications in Response to Poorly Controlled Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nicolas Rodondi, Tiffany Peng, Andrew J. Karter, Douglas C. Bauer, Eric Vittinghoff, Simon Tang, Daniel Pettitt, Eve A. Kerr, Joe V. Selby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Poorly controlled cardiovascular risk factors are common. Evaluating whether physicians respond appropriately to poor risk factor control in patients may better reflect quality of care than measuring proportions of patients whose conditions are controlled. Objectives: To evaluate therapy modifications in response to poor control of hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes in a large clinical population. Design: Retrospective cohort study within an 18-month period in 2002 to 2003. Setting: Kaiser Permanente of Northern California. Patients: 253 238 adult members with poor control of 1 or more of these conditions. Measurements: The authors assessed the proportion of patients with poor control who experienced a change in pharmacotherapy within 6 months, and they defined "appropriate care" as a therapy modification or return to control without therapy modification within 6 months. Results: A total of 64% of patients experienced modifications in therapy for poorly controlled systolic blood pressure, 71% for poorly controlled diastolic blood pressure, 56% for poorly controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and 66% for poorly controlled hemoglobin A1c level. Most frequent modifications were increases in number of drug classes (from 70% to 84%) and increased dosage (from 15% to 40%). An additional 7% to 11% of those with poorly controlled blood pressure, but only 3% to 4% of those with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level or hemoglobin A1c level, returned to control without therapy modification. Patients with more than 1 of the 3 conditions, higher baseline values, and target organ damage were more likely to receive "appropriate care." Limitations: Patient preferences and suboptimal adherence to therapy were not measured and may explain some failures to act. Conclusions: As an additional measure of the quality of care, measuring therapy modifications in response to poor control in a large population is feasible. Many patients with poorly controlled hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes had their therapy modified and, thus, seemed to receive clinically "appropriate care" with this new quality measure.
The Electrocardiogram of the Normal and Hypertensive Rat
Authors: MOHINDER P. SAMBHI, FRED N. WHITE
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

Electrocardiograms of normal rats and those rendered hypertensive by potassium deficiency have been compared. The unipolar chest leads were found to be useful in the recognition of spurious patterns among normal animals as well as in evaluating the severity of the hypertension. Backward orientation of the spatial QRS vector in the horizontal phane was the single most consistent finding in the hypertensive animals.
Economic evaluation and health care. What does it mean?
Authors: R Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Ever since the concept of value for money in health care was introduced into the NHS, economic terms and jargon have become part of our everyday lives--but do we understand what the different types of economic evaluation all mean, particularly those that sound similar to the uninitiated? This article introduces readers to the purpose of economic evaluation, and briefly explains the differences between cost-minimisation analysis (used when the outcomes of the procedures being compared are the same); cost-effectiveness analysis (used when the outcomes may vary, but can be expressed in common natural units, such as mm Hg for treatments of hypertension); cost-utility analysis (used when outcomes do vary--for example, quality of life scales); and cost-benefit analysis (used when a monetary value is being placed on services received). Further articles will deal with each one in more detail.
Apolipoprotein C-III protein concentrations and gene polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes: Associations with lipoprotein subclasses
Authors: Richard L. Klein, M.Brent McHenry, Kerry H. Lok, Steven J. Hunter, Ngoc-Anh Le, Alicia J. Jenkins, Deyi Zheng, Andrea J. Semler, W.Virgil Brown, Timothy J. Lyons, W.Timothy Garvey
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Discrepancies between patients' assessments of outcome: qualitative study nested within a randomised controlled trial
Authors: R. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

significant differences between control and experimental groups in the primary outcome measures (table ): change of diabetes treatment (36% v 42%), lipid lowering drugs (9% v 12%), or blood pressure drugs (10% v 16%) and referral to dietician (13% v 10%).There were no differences in other interventions between the control and experimental groups.Among high risk patients, however, those in the experimental group were more likely to be prescribed blood pressure and lipid lowering drugs than those in the control group (P < 0.02, Mantel-Haenszel test).Despite this difference, the time until the next hospital outpatient appointment was the same in the two groups, with 24% in each group (39 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group) receiving an appointment in less than six months.
Thyroid hormones abnormalities in decompensated heart failure: Prognosis of sick euthyroid syndrome
Authors: E. Perna, M.C. Bangher, S.M. Macin, N. Rios, R. Pantich, P.M. Alvarenga, J.P. Cimbaro Canella, R. Badaracco, E. Jantus, M. Brizuela
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Origins and genetic nonvariability of the proteins which diffuse from maize pollen.
Authors: E K Porter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The major function of pollen is to deliver the sperm nuclei to the embryo sac. It does this by germinating and producing a pollen tube and thus provides a relatively simple developmental system for study. Mutants for many pollen functions are accessible, as it is a haploid cell. Mature pollen was fractionated into diffusible proteins, soluble proteins, and proteins insolubly associated with membrane or wall; these protein fractions have been quantified and cataloged by native and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Diffusible proteins are localized in the pollen grain wall whereas soluble proteins are cytoplasmic. The roles of haploid and diploid genomes in specifying these proteins is discussed. Pollen from maximally divergent maize lines was examined for quantitative and qualitative variation in the diffusible proteins. A surprising conservation was found for these proteins indicating some functional role which is, at present, unknown. Initial experiments on the incorporation of 35S-methionine into germinating pollen indicate that major representatives of the diffusible proteins are made within the pollen grain itself. They are presumably included in the pollen wall during development and diffuse out through the pore region. Studies with pollen mRNA and experiments on incorporation of 35S-methionine into developing anthers are underway and will identify the origin of these proteins. A knowledge of the basic developmental biology of maize pollen is a prerequisite to its judicious use as a monitor of environmental mutagens.
continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: J C Pickup, H Keen, G C Viberti, M C White, E M Kohner, J A Parsons, K G M M Alerti
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Low-volume, dual-rate, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) creates long periods of nearnormalization of blood glucose and major intermediary metabolites in most insulin-requiring diabetic patients. The technology and strategy of the system are discussed. We have observed encouraging clinical and fluorescein angiographic improvement in severe diabetic retinopathy after 3 mo of outpatient CSII; in the kidney, glomerular capillary permeability (microalbuminuria) is reduced or normalized in long-standing diabetic patients after a few days of CSII-induced strict control. Reduction in insulin dose during CSII treatment of newly diagnosed ketonuric diabetic patients may indicate improved B-cell function in this group. Although CSII must remain a research tool, undertaken only under close medical supervision, it is increasingly likely that the technique affords the conditions for testing the hypothesis that metabolic near-normalization of diabetes slows, arrests, or reverses the course of the microvascular disease associated with the syndrome.
Tetanus Neonatorum and Hot Moist Climates.
Authors: J. W. V. R. Plummer
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Key West, Fla., Aug. 22, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reply to your query as to the correctness of report of four cases of tetanus neonatorum and one case of tetanus (adult), the result is perfectly correct. I can assign no reason for the high percentage of tetanus, unless it be that tetanus is far more prevalent in warm and moist climates than in cool and dry ones. This I read when I was a student about forty years ago, and my residence here for over thirty-five years confirms it. A very significant fact, lending aid to this explanation, is that although by far the large majority of the cases of tetanus in the adult are traumatic—the adult case reported was from traumatism, a splinter under the finger-nail—yet quite a large number of cases are idiopathic. While the old women and the midwives attribute tetanus neonatorum generally to some supposed
What Can the History and Physical Examination Tell Us About Low Back Pain?
Authors: Richard A. Deyo, James Rainville, Daniel L. Kent
Journal: JAMA (1992)

BACK pain ranks second only to upper respiratory illness as a symptomatic reason for office visits to physicians.<sup>1</sup>About 70% of adults have low back pain at some time, but only 14% have an episode that lasts more than 2 weeks. About 1.5% have such episodes with features of sciatica.<sup>2,3</sup>Most causes of back pain respond to symptomatic and physical measures, but some are surgically remediable and some are systemic diseases (cancer or disseminated infection) requiring specific therapy, so careful diagnostic evaluation is important. Features of the clinical history and physical examination influence not only therapeutic choices but also decisions about diagnostic imaging, laboratory testing, and specialist referral. <h3>ANATOMIC/PHYSIOLOGIC ORIGINS OF FINDINGS IN THE LOW BACK</h3> Low back pain may arise from several structures in the lumbar spine, including the ligaments that interconnect vertebrae, outer fibers of the annulus fibrosus, facet joints, vertebral periosteum, paravertebral musculature and fascia,