tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Aspirin during Aspirin “Desensitisation” on Compound 48/80 and Histamine‐Induced Skin Responses in Aspirin‐Sensitive Asthmatics
Authors: M. L. Kowalski, M. Szmidt, I. Grzelewska‐Rzymowska, J. Rozniecki
Journal: Allergy (1985)

In a group of aspirin‐sensitive asthmatics we studied skin weal and flare responses to intradermal injections of compound 48/80 and histamine during oral aspirin (ASA) provocation and after ASA “desensitisation”. During provocation (bronchospasm accompanied by naso‐ocular symptoms) the mean weal area after compound 48/80 increased to about 42.4% ( P &lt; 0.05). Neither the threshold (provocative) doses of ASA nor 600 mg ASA, when given after ASA‐desensitisation, significantly influenced the weal reactions to compound 48/80 (mean changes of area were –1.8% and –16.5% respectively). Aspirin did not change flare reactions to compound 48/80 and weal and flare reactions to histamine on any of the three study occasions. Initial (pre‐aspirin) weal reactions to compound 48/80 after desensitisation to the threshold ASA doses were significantly reduced, but after desensitisation to 600 mg ASA were significantly increased as compared with the reactions before. These data suggest that ASA‐“desensitisation” may influence the skin reactivity to non‐specific mast cell degranulating stimulus in ASA‐sensitive asthmatics.
Abstract 2593: Telomerase-specific oncolytic virotherapy for osteosarcoma
Authors: Hiroyuki Kawashima, Guidong Li, Akira Ogose, Naoto Endo, Ryozo Kuwano, Yasuo Urata, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Oncolytic adenoviruses are being developed as novel antitumor therapeutics and currently undergoing clinical trial. Telomelysin (OBP-301) is a type 5 adenovirus that contains the replication cassette in which the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter drives expression of the E1 genes, and shows telomerase specific replication and cell killing effect. We previously demonstrated that the expression of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) is high in osteosarcoma compared with the other mesenchymal tumors, and moreover, many investigators have been reported that telomerase expression predicts the unfavorable outcome in osteosarcoma. The present investigation analyzed that the selective replication and antitumor effects of Telomelysin using 8 osteosarcoma and 1 normal dermal fibroblast cell lines in vitro as well as in vivo by using athymic mice carrying xenografts. At first, all cell lines were used to examine the mRNA expression of CAR and hTERT, and 3 osteosarcoma cell lines and 1 normal fibroblast cell were chosen for Telomelysin infection. Selective E1A and E1B expression were shown in osteosarcoma cells by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, but not in normal cells such as human dermal fibroblasts. Telomelysin replicated efficiently and induced marked cell death in osteosarcoma cells, whereas replication as well as cytotoxicity was highly attenuated in normal fibroblast cells lacking telomerase activity. Expression of cleaved caspase, PARP and LC-3 I, II after Telomelysin infection was tested by Western blot, however the mechanism of induction of cell death could not be revealed in this time. For in vivo evaluation, nu/nu mice xenografted with NOS10 human osteosarcoma cell received intratumoral injection of 107 plaque-forming units of Telomelysin, and resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth and long-term survival in all treated mice. Moreover, selective replication of Telomelysin in tumor cell was also demonstrated by anti-E1A immunohistochemistly, and induction of apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining. Our results suggest that the hTERT promoter confers competence for selective replication of Telomelysin in osteosarcoma cells, and the outcome has important implications for tumor-specific oncolytic chemovirotherapies for human osteosarcomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2593.
What Is So Bad About a Big Baby?
Authors: Lois Jovanovic
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

The most common and significant neonatal complication clearly associated with gestational diabetes is macrosomia: an oversized baby with a birth weight greater than the 90th percentile for gestational age and sex, or a birth weight >2 SD above the normal mean birth weight. If fetal macrosomia associated with maternal diabetes is directly related to maternal glucose levels (1,2,3), then strategies to prevent hyperglycemia must be devised to treat the diabetic pregnant woman (4). However, not only is the concept that macrosomia is directly related to maternal hyperglycemia is considered controversial, but also the notion that normalizing the maternal glucose could prevent macrosomia is hotly debated. In addition, the definition of normoglycemia during pregnancy has not been adequately reported because of difficulty with measuring glucose excursions in the home setting.

The initial attempts to normalize the 24-h glucose profile were all made with hospitalized patients (5). When self-monitoring of blood glucose became available for outpatient surveillance of glucose control (6), normalization programs could be continued at home. However, the number and timing of the blood glucose determinations have not been adequately studied. In addition, reports that macrosomia occurred despite normoglycemia (7) perpetuated the philosophy that it is urgent to deliver the infant early to avoid fetal overgrowth, which was perceived to be unaffected by glycemic control. Perhaps the debate continues because many of the reports claiming that neonatal complications occur despite …
Adverse Reactions to Spironolactone
Authors: Irwin C. Winter
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The recent report by Greenblatt and Koch-Weser (225:40, 1973) provides an important example of the difficulty of attempting to evaluate retrospectively the incidence and nature of adverse reactions to a specific drug. Such programs as the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program are certainly commendable in their intent, but the collection and interpretation of data from such surveys are greatly influenced by the methodology employed.  It is evident from the report that the patient population under consideration was highly selected; the 788 patients represented only those with illnesses of such severity that hospitalization was required. The severity of their medical problems was further shown by the fact that 148 (18.8%) died while in hospital.  The method of collecting data on patients and on their therapeutic regimens in this survey obviously was not operating at maximum efficiency. Although it was indicated that prescribing physicians were personally interviewed to determine
Abnormal Ambulatory Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Heart Transplant Arteriopathy
Authors: P. A. SOBOTKA, R. I. PATEL, R. H. WAGNER, A. L. HEROUX, S. POPOVSKI, S. A. JOHNSON, R. E. HENKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The morbidity and mortality from heart transplantation has been reduced dramatically over the last several years. However, the long-term survival in heart transplant recipients is limited by arteriopathy in the allograft coronary arteries, the pathophysiology of which is poorly understood. The diagnosis of this arteriopathy is at present limited to cardiac catheterization. Noninvasive studies have proven to be of limited benefit in diagnosing this arteriopathy. The authors performed cardiac vest studies in nine heart transplant recipient patients. Six of the vest studies were abnormal; five of the patients had documented transplant coronary artery disease by cardiac catheterization. They found that the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the cardiac vest in identifying arteriopathy in transplant recipients was 100%. The authors propose that cardiac vest could be a sensitive, noninvasive screening test for identifying arteriopathy in heart transplant recipients.
Nonsurgical Test for the Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Fabio Tobon, Nigel C. R. W. Reid, J. L. Talbert, Marvin M. Schuster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A manometric technic is described for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease without the necessity of deep-muscle rectal biopsy. Separate pressure recordings were obtained from the internal and external anal sphincters by a double balloon device and from the rectum by a third balloon. Simultaneous electromyographic activity was recorded from the external sphincter by a concentric needle electrode. In 34 normal subjects transient distention of the rectal balloon produced reflex relaxation of the internal sphincter (smooth muscle) and contraction of the external sphincter (striated muscle), with a simultaneous increase of electrical activity in the external sphincter. In 10 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, there was contraction of the internal sphincter instead of relaxation. External sphincter responses were normal. In 31 patients with idiopathic megacolon, both internal and external sphincter responses were normal, indicating that the abnormal contractile response found in Hirschsprung's disease is characteristic of this disorder and not of megacolon in general. This contractile response may contribute to obstructive symptoms in Hirschsprung's disease.
The Healing Gods of Ancient Civilizations.
Authors: Walter Addison Jayne
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radionuclide Scans and Lung Cancer
Authors: Stephen I. Schabel
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  We read the work of Gravenstein et al (241:2523, 1979) on the use of radionuclide imaging procedures in the evaluation of carcinoma of the lung. We disagree, however, with their conclusion that radionuclide scans should not be performed routinely.  Any diagnostic procedure must be judged by whether its results will alter patient care, whether any risks are likely to be outweighed by potential benefits, and, with the increasing emphasis on the cost of medical care, whether the cost-benefit ratio is favorable. As pointed out by Grevenstein et al, 85% to 90% of patients with carcinoma of the lung have distant spread at the time of diagnosis. Many will have detectable metastatic disease to the brain, liver, and bone, without clinical symptoms. Clinically inapparent brain metastases were found in three of the 114 patients in the series reported by the authors.  Thoracotomy for lung cancer carries a significant
Effect of Case Management on Unmet Needs and Utilization of Medical Care and Medications among HIV-Infected Persons
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Although case management has been advocated as a method for improving the care of chronically ill persons, its effectiveness is poorly understood.To assess the effect of case managers on unmet need for supportive services and utilization of medical care and medications among HIV-infected persons.Baseline and follow-up interview of a national probability sample.Inpatient and outpatient medical facilities in the United States.2437 HIV-infected adults representing 217 081 patients receiving medical care.Outcomes measured at follow-up were unmet need for supportive services, medical care utilization (ambulatory visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations), and use of HIV medication (receipt of antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmosis).At baseline, 56.5% of the sample had contact with a case manager in the previous 6 months. In multiple logistic regression analyses that adjusted for potential confounders, contact with a case manager at baseline was associated with decreased unmet need for income assistance (odds ratio [OR], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.91]), health insurance (OR, 0.54 [CI, 0.33 to 0.89]), home health care (OR, 0.29 [CI, 0.15 to 0.56]), and emotional counseling (OR, 0.62 [CI, 0.41 to 0.94]) at follow-up. Contact with case managers was not significantly associated with utilization of ambulatory care (OR, 0.77 [CI, 0.57 to 1.04]), hospitalization (OR, 1.13 [CI, 0.84 to 1.54]), or emergency department visits (OR, 1.30 [CI, 0.97 to 1.73]) but was associated with higher utilization of two-drug (OR, 1.58 [CI, 1.23 to 2.03]) and three-drug (OR, 1.34 [CI, 1.00 to 1.80]) antiretroviral regimens and of treatment with protease inhibitors or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (OR, 1.29 [CI, 1.02 to 1.64]) at follow-up.Case management appears to be associated with fewer unmet needs and higher use of HIV medications in patients receiving HIV treatment.
Preventing stroke among people of African or West Indian origin.
Authors: C D Wolfe, I Woodrow, E Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

We are grateful to Dr Martin and Mr Tweedle for their comments.It is our contention that this complication, which has been noted before,' is probably underrecognised rather than rare.We do not advocate doing therapeutic biliary endoscopy as a day case procedure, and it is certainly not our practice to do this.Other complications such as pancreatitis and septicaemia may also present after four to six hours, and our patients often come from far away as tertiary referrals.We use a similar technique to that of Dr Martin and Mr Tweedle, using an electrosurgical unit with a power output of 30 watts, although the output may have to be increased in patients with longstanding choledocholithiasis and fibrosis at the lower end of the bile duct.We prefer a plain wired sphincterotome.Interestingly, our overall rate of bleeding after sphincterotomy (3%) is virtually identical with that quoted by others,' 2 including Dr Martin and Mr Tweedle, who were among four authors who reported bleeding in six of 215 patients.'It is not apparent why this bleeding may become overt late, but the need for vigilance remains clear.
The Megasigmoid Syndrome in Psychotic Patients
Authors: Ernest Kraft
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Sixteen cases of the megasigmoid syndrome were found. This uncommon disorder is predominantly observed in neuropsychiatric hospitals but not exclusively in psychotic patients. It is confined to the rectosigmoid. Significant features are paucity of symptoms despite severe constipation and bowel distention, relaxed anal sphincter with fecal incontinence, chronic proctosigmoiditis with fecal concrements and stercoraceous ulcers, and preservation of intramural ganglion cells. Roentgenographically, three different patterns can be distinguished. Presence of rectal gas with the patient in prone position rules out a sigmoid volvulus. Serious complications are perforation of stercoraceous ulcers, chronic toxemia, intestinal obstruction, and volvulus. The mortality can be lowered by early detection, especially from chest roentgenograms, and by appropriate therapy. A correlation appears to exist between the megasigmoid syndrome and lesions of the brain and the autonomic nervous system.
Complications of Earrings in an Infant
Authors: William J. Phelan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Ear piercing in the pediatric age group is currently popular, and even infants are subjected to this procedure. Such endeavors are not without the occasional attendant complications of infection, bleeding, and keloid formation. This letter reports on the problem of posterior auricular scalp pressure sores in infants wearing earrings. A case report is used to highlight signs and symptoms that can be confused with more important disorders. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 4-week-old girl was referred for evaluation of possible meningitis and sepsis. There had been a nasal drainage for two to three days, occasional nighttime coughing, and rectal temperatures in the 38.2 to 38.8 °C range. A state of "paradoxical irritability" was reported, with the infant remaining alert and quiet when left alone but crying out painfully when picked up to be soothed or fed. Examination showed an active nontoxic infant with a mucopurulent nasal discharge
Combined Serum Mesothelin and Plasma Osteopontin Measurements in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Alfonso Cristaudo, Alessandra Bonotti, Silvia Simonini, Agnese Vivaldi, Giovanni Guglielmi, Nicolino Ambrosino, Antonio Chella, Marco Lucchi, Alfredo Mussi, Rudy Foddis
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Erythroid colony studies on sickle cell anemia in hypoproliferative crisis
Authors: J. D. Lutton, E. A. Schmalzer, A. N. Rao, S. P. Rao, R. D. Levere
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Bone marrow cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and sera from patients with sickle‐cell anemia in hypoproliferative crisis were studied in the plasma clot culture system in the presence or absence of erythropoietin (Epo). Bone marrow cells from five patients demonstrated a marked ability to form erythroid colonies in the presence of Epo. These studies also suggested that bone marrow cells from some patients may have an increased sensitivity to Epo. The most outstanding observation in the present study was the marked erythroid colony inhibition by serum taken from one patient during crisis. Serum taken from the same patient two months after hypoproliferative crisis had no suppressive effect on erythroid colony formation. Lymphocytes taken from three patients in crisis had a stimulatory effect on erythroid colony formation when included in culture. The conclusion is that the defect of erythropoiesis in sickle‐cell anemia during hypoproliferative crisis is not due to the absence of erythroid precursor cells or to the presence of suppressor lymphocytes, but may in some cases be associated with a circulating inhibitor of erythroid maturation.
CŒLIOTOMY (ABDOMINAL SECTION) FOR RUPTURE OF THE PARTURIENT UTERUS.Read by Title in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: HENRY C. COE
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<i>Introduction.</i>—Although the literature of this subject is quite exhaustive, most authors deal with the etiology and pathology of rupture of the uterus, rather than with the treatment, and much of the teaching with regard to the latter antedates the era of modern abdominal surgery. The writer feels some hesitation in writing upon this theme, as it has been already ably presented to the American Medical Association by Dr. Wm. H. Walker and Dr. C. A. R. Reed, in papers read before the Obstetric Section. The writer's purpose in reintroducing the subject before the Surgical Section is to have it discussed from the broad standpoint of<i>general surgery.</i>This is entirely proper, since rupture of the uterus is to be considered in the same light as rupture or other lesions of any other of the abdominal viscera. It is preëminently a<i>surgical emergency</i>, and should not be studied from its gynecological
THE HOSPITAL AND ITS NECROPSY PERCENTAGE
Authors: L. G. Richards
Journal: JAMA (1921)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Oct. 8, 1921, page 1198, is published a letter describing the progress made at the Philadelphia General Hospital in obtaining a high percentage of necropsies. The same problem is being met in an institution in which the securing of necropsies is even more difficult than in a large municipal institution. The institution is one of 400 beds, including a private ward, and is supported to a large extent by private endowment. Postmortem examinations are in charge of a resident pathologist, but the staff has every opportunity to assist in making them, and to examine the material, both in gross and microscopically. Formerly requests for necropsies were left in the hands of the executive office. Recently the matter has been entrusted to the house staff, a policy which has resulted in a marked increase in the number of necropsies, as shown by the following figures:
BRONCHOMYCOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CERTAIN TYPES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: EDWARD STEINFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Though severer types of pulmonary mycoses, such as nocardiases (streptothricosis, actinomycosis, etc.) blastomycoses and coccidioses have been noted in this country, the existence of bronchomycosis of a mild and chronic type and particularly associated with certain cases of asthma and chronic bronchitis has received little attention. A study of yeasts of the genera<i>Monilia, Cryptococcus</i>and<i>Endomyces</i>, which were found in great numbers and even as colonies in the sputums of these patients, has been noted in another communication.<sup>1</sup>The description of the clinical course and other features of these cases has been deemed sufficiently interesting to record. Of the fifteen patients studied in detail, seven were men and eight were women. The youngest patient, a woman, was 25 years of age; the oldest, a man, was 60. The majority were in the fourth decade of life. Though five patients were born in Russia, all were residents of Philadelphia,
Acute Subendocardial Myocardial infarction: Its Detection by Tc-99m-Stannous Pyrophosphate Myocardial Scintigraphy
Authors: JOSE I. PULIDO, ROBERT W. PARKEY, SAMUEL E. LEWIS, L MAXIMILIAN BUJA, FREDERICK J. BONTE, GREGORY DEHMER, MARVIN J. STONE, JAMES T. WILLERSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Sixty-two patients hospitalized because of prolonged chest pain and initial electrocardiographic (ECG) changes of ST depression and T-wave inversion suggestive of acute subendocardial myocardial infarction were evaluated to determine the ability of Tc-99m-stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy to detect the presence or absence of acute subendocardial myocardial necrosis. Three groups of patients were designated. Group A consisted of eight patients (13%) who developed reduction of R-waves of more than 25% or new Q-waves broader than 0.03 seconds; of these patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction, all had well-localized, abnormal scintigrams. Group B consisted of 30 patients with ECG changes and subsequent enzymatic documentation, including elevated serum creatine kinase-B levels as determined by radioimmunoassay, of the presence of acute subendocardial myocardial infarction. Of these, 27 had abnormal scintigrams, including 18 with well-localized patterns and nine with “poorly localized” patterns. Group C consisted of 24 patients (39%) with chest pain, but without enzymatic documentation of the presence of acute myocardial infarction (acute coronary insufficiency). Eight of these had abnormal scintigrams, including one with a well-localized pattern and seven with “poorly localized” patterns. In four of the latter, the scintigrams were “persistently positive” several weeks to months after a previous myocardial infarct. Serial myocardial imaging will be necessary to identify such patients.