tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The impact of lifetime alcohol use on hepatitis C treatment outcomes in privately insured members of an integrated health care plan
Authors: Marcia Russell, Mary Patricia Pauly, Charles Denton Moore, Constance Chia, Jennifer Dorrell, Renee J. Cunanan, Gayle Witt, Scott Martin
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV+) has historically been shown to be less effective in patients with a heavy drinking history. The effect of moderate and heavy alcohol use on treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin (P/R) in an insured household population has not been previously reported. We investigated the effect of alcohol on treatment outcome in a cohort of 421 treatment-naïve HCV+ patients, members of an integrated health care plan treated with P/R between January 2002 and June 2008. A detailed drinking history was obtained for 259 (61.5%) eligible patients. Regular drinking was reported by 93.1% of patients before HCV diagnosis, by 30.9% between HCV diagnosis and treatment, by 1.9% during treatment, and 11.6% after the end of treatment. Heavy drinking patterns were reported by 67.9%, 63.5% of patients drank more than 100 kg of ethanol before initiating HCV treatment, and 29.3% reported abstaining less than the required 6 months before treatment. Despite these reports of heavy drinking, sustained virological responses (SVRs) were obtained in 80.2% of patients with HCV genotypes 2 or 3 and 45.1% of patients with genotypes 1, 4, or 6. Pretreatment drinking patterns and total alcohol intake were both unrelated to SVR rates. Abstaining less than 6 months before treatment was related to lower SVR rates in moderate, but not heavy, drinkers. HCV treatment relapse was unrelated to drinking after treatment ended. Conclusion: The amount of alcohol consumed before HCV treatment did not have a negative effect on treatment outcomes in our population. A history of heavy drinking should not be considered a deterrent to HCV treatment in members of an integrated health care plan who are closely monitored. (Hepatology 2012)
THE MAMMALIAN CELL VIRUS RELATIONSHIP
Authors: John J. Holland, Leroy C. McLaren, Jerome T. Syverton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Ribonucleic acid extracted with phenol from Type 1 poliovirus, Coxsackie A-9, Coxsackie B-1, and ECHO 8 viruses infected non-primate cells and animals insusceptible to whole virus as such. Viral RNA was proved infectious for insusceptible cells in test systems of established cell lines, primary monolayer cultures, Maitland type cultures, and living animals inoculated intracerebrally. Cells of rabbit, swine, mouse, guinea pig, chicken, and hamster were infected. Each virus produced was identical with the virus donating RNA, in (a) neutralization by homotypic antiserum, (b) resistance to ribonuclease treatment, and (c) failure to be adsorbed or replicated by nonprimate cells, even of the strain producing the virus from RNA. Produced virus was adsorbed and replicated by susceptible primate cells as usual. Virus in RNA-infected cell cultures was produced in a single cycle unaccompanied by overt cytopathic effect on non-primate cells or disease of intracerebrally inoculated animals. By drastic elution of infective poliovirus associated with rabbit cells exposed to massive inocula of intact virus, intact poliovirus was shown to infect insusceptible non-primate cells to produce progeny indistinguishable from the parent virus population. Under these conditions, infection was accomplished by about 10 virus plaque-forming units per billion inoculated.
Safeguards for research using large scale DNA collections
Authors: J. Kaye
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Based on a presentation from the Millennium Festival of Medicine 

Public trust in the medical profession and the conduct of medical research has been seriously eroded in the wake of events at Bristol Royal Infirmary, Alder Hey and North Staffordshire Hospitals, and the scandals caused by Harold Shipman and other doctors recently struck off for malpractice. Although the characteristics of these cases differ from each other, the cases have become joined in the public mind, leading to sustained criticism of the system of professional self regulation centred on the General Medical Council. This criticism has even come from within the profession itself, most notably from the BMA.1

Declining confidence in the governance of clinical practice has serious implications for medical research. Recent studies looking at public opposition to genetically modified foods and the social psychology of risk have shown that the level of trust in the institutions governing a particular activity is the key factor affecting public perceptions of risk in that area.2 The loss of confidence in the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food and the agencies responsible for food safety following the uproar over bovine spongiform encephalopathy laid the foundation for widespread public scepticism about the safety of genetically modified foods. If there continues to be erosion of trust in the medical profession there is a real danger that controversial areas of research, such as genetics, will provoke increasing levels of public opposition. It is in this context that the proposals for the creation of a very large collection of DNA samples for genetic research should be examined.

#### Summary points

Recent experience in Iceland shows that the creation of large scale databases of personal information linked to DNA collections can be highly controversial

The proposed UK Population Biomedical Collection will be used for genetic epidemiology and will contain …
Enhanced ability of dendritic cells to stimulate innate and adaptive immunity on short-term incubation with zoledronic acid
Authors: Francesca Fiore, Barbara Castella, Barbara Nuschak, Raffaello Bertieri, Sara Mariani, Benedetto Bruno, Francesca Pantaleoni, Myriam Foglietta, Mario Boccadoro, Massimo Massaia
Journal: Blood (2007)
Effect of nifedipine on bronchoconstriction induced by inhalation of cold air.
Authors: A F Henderson, R W Heaton, J F Costello
Journal: Thorax (1983)

The effect of nifedipine (20 mg sublingually) on the bronchial response to cold air was studied in eight asthmatic patients and eight normal subjects. Eucapnic hyperventilation with dry subfreezing air was performed for three minutes by each subject, with a minute volume of 30 X FEV1 for normal subjects and half that for the asthmatics. In the normal subjects there was no difference in the falls in the one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and specific airways conductance (sGaw) produced by cold air inhalation on the days when they were pretreated with placebo and with nifedipine. In asthmatic patients, however, significant protection with nifedipine was demonstrated. The maximum recorded fall in FEV1 was reduced from 13% +/- 2% (SE) to 4% +/- 2% (p less than 0.005) and the maximum fall in sGaw from 35% +/- 5% to 17% +/- 4% (p less than 0.002). The possible causes of this difference are discussed. It is suggested that these results present further evidence for a different mechanism of response to cold air in asthmatic and normal subjects.
Bone Lead Levels and Delinquent Behavior
Authors: Warren Winkelstein
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Dr Needleman and colleagues 1 reported an association between bone lead levels and antisocial and delinquent behavior in a sample of boys aged 7 to 11 years. If true, this is an important finding with profound social, political, and medical implications. The article has already attracted public attention. 2 Thus, it is important to evaluate the  of the study in terms of the generalizability of the findings to the whole population of US children. Epidemiologists call this   Needleman et al present evidence in support of the internal validity (ie, generalizability of the findings to the studied sample), but they fail to consider its external validity. In fact, examination of their data indicates that the examined sample may not have been unbiased.  In the authors' Table 1, data for a number of covariables used in the multivariate analyses of the examined sample data are shown
'Having a diagnosis is a qualification for the job'
Authors: D. Rose
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Iwrite this piece as someone with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder who, when in work, is also a researcher. I used to do research in education, gender, and media studies, but for the past two years I have coordinated the Service User Research Enterprise (SURE) at the Institute of Psychiatry, London. This is one of only two units in universities in Britain to employ service users and the only one where all employees have experienced mental health problems. The focus of SURE's work is on consumers' views on treatments and services, including treatments and services that I have received myself.

It is not easy to admit to having mental health problems, and I have worked in research jobs where the associated stigma made it impossible to be frank. However, attempts at hiding my diagnosis and treatment were rarely successful. After a period of unemployment and positive contact with the service user movement, I decided that my best …
Reply to Emily Vertosick and Andrew Vickers’ Letter to the Editor re: Alberto Briganti, Thomas Wiegel, Steven Joniau, et al. Early Salvage Radiation Therapy Does Not Compromise Cancer Control in Patients with pT3N0 Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy: Results of a Match-Controlled Multi-institutional Analysis. Eur Urol 2012;62:472–87
Authors: Alberto Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Smoking and Cancer-Reply
Authors: William Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The inverse relationship between smoking and lung cancer incidence among chloromethyl methyl ether (CME) workers was indeed a surprising finding. It is inconsistent with observations in asbestos workers and uranium miners. However, it is a valid observation. My responses to the questions raised by Miller and Schumaker are as follows: Some biometricians might consider the chi-square test inappropriate for a 2×2 table in which the expected number for one cell is less than five, but my consultant in biometrics assured me that this rule is no longer considered valid by some statisticians. In any case, the finding of three men who never smoked among 11 with lung cancer is biologically, if not statistically, impressive. In view of the fact that exsmokers of cigarettes and pipe-cigar smokers have lower risks of lung cancer than current cigarette smokers, one could reasonably group them with nonsmokers. In any case,
A high IL6/IL17 ratio combined with low IL5 expression is correlated with poor survival in squamous cervical cancer
Authors: Simone Punt, Jeanine J Houwing, Iris A Schulkens, Victor L Thijssen, Elisabeth M Osse, Eva Kritikou, Cornelis D de Kroon, Arjan W Griffioen, Gert Jan Fleuren, Arko Gorter, Ekaterina S Jordanova
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in young women worldwide. The aim of the current study was to identify which combination of immunological and vascular factors in the tumor microenvironment of cervical carcinoma is most significant for survival. Using
The MDR phenotype is associated with the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
Authors: Ornella Fantappiè, Emanuela Masini, Iacopo Sardi, Laura Raimondi, Daniele Bani, Michela Solazzo, Alfredo Vannacci, Roberto Mazzanti
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The presence of multiple drug resistance (MDR1) and angiogenic phenotypes negatively affect patients' prognosis with cancer even when treated with drugs that are not transported by the MDR1 gene product. It is possible to suggest a link between the MDR1 and angiogenic phenotypes. Because prostaglandins (PGs) and nitric oxide (NO) have been proposed to be involved in angiogenesis in vivo, the production of PGs and NO and the behavior of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were studied in parental drug-sensitive (P5) liver cancer cell lines and in P5-derived MDR1 cells P1(0.5). Immunohistochemical evaluation, Northern and Western blot analysis of COX-2 and iNOS, and assessment of cell proliferation were performed in basal conditions and after the exposure to stimulants or to specific inhibitors of COX-2 and iNOS. The messenger RNA and protein levels of COX-2 and iNOS were in basal conditions higher in P1(0.5) cells than the parental P5 cells. The exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) determined an increase of PG and NO production in both cell lines and this increase was strongly reduced by COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib (CLX) and nimesulide (NIME). The inhibition of NO production by COX-2 inhibitors suggests cross-talk between COX-2 and iNOS pathways. CLX and NIME also inhibited cell proliferation, but only in MDR1 cells. A specific inhibitor of iNOS, N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine, had only a mild effect on cell proliferation in both cell lines. In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that the MDR1 and angiogenic phenotypes are linked to each other in human liver cancer cell lines.
Internists: Who Are We—And Where Are We Going?
Authors: Roger M. Cass
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
1012-103 Restoration of Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit by Intermittent Administration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Takayuki Asahara, Christophe Bauters, Tiangen Wu, Lu P. Zheng, Donghui Chen, Marianne Kearney, Susan Rossow, Stuart Bunting, Napoleone Ferrara, James F. Symes, Jeffrey M. Isner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Intravenous infusion of diarginylinsulin, an insulin analogue: Effects on glucose turnover and lipid levels in insulin-treated type II diabetic patients
Authors: L.D. Monti, R. Poma, A. Caumo, I. Stefani, A. Picardi, E.P. Sandoli, M. Zoltobrocki, P. Micossi, G. Pozza
Journal: Metabolism (1992)
Charges of Sexual Harassment at NIMH
Authors: Steven M. Paul
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —In the February 12,1992, issue of JAMA , an article appeared entitled Harassment Hinders Women's Care and Careers. 1 The article addressed the issue of sexual harassment and its impact on professional women in the area of health and science research. Specific mention was made of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the recent allegations of certain professional women that they have been subjected to sexual harassment.  I write in response to your profile of the case of alleged sexual harassment and discrimination filed by Margaret Jensvoid, MD. Your article quotes at length Dr Jensvold's allegations that she was a victim of sexual harassment, which stymied her research efforts and led to her departure from NIMH. The article identifies David Rubinow, MD, clinical director at NIMH, and Peter Schmidt, MD, an NIMH medical staff fellow, as the individuals responsible for
Campylobacter pylori, duodenal ulcer, and gastric metaplasia: possible role of functional heterotopic tissue in ulcerogenesis.
Authors: J Carrick, A Lee, S Hazell, M Ralston, G Daskalopoulos
Journal: Gut (1989)

Multiple pinch biopsies were taken from the duodenum and antrum of 137 subjects (46 active duodenal ulceration; 44 healed ulcers; 47 9normal9), and examined for the presence and grade of gastritis, gastric metaplasia, and Campylobacter pylori. These factors, as well as age, sex, cigarette, and anti-inflammatory agent intake were evaluated as possible risk factors for duodenal ulceration. Pentagastrin induced Congo Red staining of the duodenal bulb was performed in an additional 43 cases, to determine the presence of functioning parietal cells in the duodenum. Ninety eight per cent of patients with duodenal infection with C pylori had active or healed duodenal ulcers. Bacteria were confined to areas of gastric metaplasia which was always infiltrated with inflammatory cells. The metaplastic tissue was usually superficial in type, although patients had C pylori associated with heterotopic tissue: this has not been previously described. Congo Red staining of the duodenal bulb showed that functioning endogenous acid producing tissue could be found most often at the edges of duodenal ulcers, but also in non-ulcer subjects. Cigarette smoking, age, sex, and ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents were not to be found to be significant risk factors for duodenal ulceration. In contrast, the presence of duodenal infection with C pylori proved to be a strong risk factor for duodenal ulceration (RR = 51), together with gastric metaplasia (RR = 6.2), and antral C pylori infection (RR = 7.6). These data identify duodenal infection with C pylori as the strongest risk factor for development of duodenal ulceration. Our finding of endogenous acid production around the edges of duodenal ulcers suggests an active role for parietal cells in the duodenum. We postulate a synergistic role for duodenal C pylori and endogenous acid production in the development of duodenal ulceration.
Statistics at Square One
Authors: Rudolph H. DE Jong
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Derived from a series of articles on elementary statistics published in the<i>British Medical Journal</i>during 1976, this inexpensive soft-cover booklet lays out major topics in plain, pithy language. The introductory confessional of the powers and the limitations of statistics is alone worth the price of the book. The text provides medically pertinent examples, rounded out by exercises (with answers) at the end of each chapter. In just a few neat sentences, the author differentiates SE from SD, an attempt at which most standard texts fail. More difficult topics, such as<i>t</i>tests,<i>X</i><sup>2</sup>tests, and correlation-regression, follow, supplemented by powerful tools for nonparametric data management. Even the Fisher exact probability concept begins to make sense at last, a fine measure of this book's pedagogical strengths. Calculations require minimal knowledge of algebra, while restructured computational formulas allow easy execution on simple pocket calculators; the appendix supplies adequate probability tables.
Clinical Entity of Cryptogenic Mycotic Aneurysm
Authors: Lester Blum, Edward B.C. Keefer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The term cryptogenic has been applied to a type of mycotic aneurysm caused by the deposition of antibiotic resistant organisms into or onto a site of arteriosclerosis. The causative salmonellas and staphylococci give rise to a suppurative arteritis which progresses to rupture. Before the vessel wall gives way, diagnosis is usually not possible because of the absence of localizing signs. After rupture the identity of the lesion becomes obvious, with an immediate threat to life and limb. Treatment is surgical, consisting of excision of the diseased segment with graft substitution to maintain the arterial flow. In contrast to the embolomycotic type of aneurysm associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis, the crytogenic variety is increasing in frequency.
Investigating Childhood Leukemia in Churchill County, Nevada
Authors: Carol S. Rubin, Adrianne K. Holmes, Martin G. Belson, Robert L. Jones, W. Dana Flanders, Stephanie M. Kieszak, John Osterloh, George E. Luber, Benjamin C. Blount, Dana B. Barr, Karen K. Steinberg, Glen A. Satten, Michael A. McGeehin, Randall L. Todd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Sixteen children diagnosed with acute leukemia between 1997 and 2002 lived in Churchill County, Nevada, at the time of or before their illness. Considering the county population and statewide cancer rate, fewer than two cases would be expected.In March 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention led federal, state, and local agencies in a cross-sectional, case-comparison study to determine if ongoing environmental exposures posed a health risk to residents and to compare levels of contaminants in environmental and biologic samples collected from participating families.Surveys with more than 500 variables were administered to 205 people in 69 families. Blood, urine, and cheek cell samples were collected and analyzed for 139 chemicals, eight viral markers, and several genetic polymorphisms. Air, water, soil, and dust samples were collected from almost 80 homes to measure more than 200 chemicals.The scope of this cancer cluster investigation exceeded any previous study of pediatric leukemia. Nonetheless, no exposure consistent with leukemia risk was identified. Overall, tungsten and arsenic levels in urine and water samples were significantly higher than national comparison values; however, levels were similar among case and comparison groups.Although the cases in this cancer cluster may in fact have a common etiology, their small number and the length of time between diagnosis and our exposure assessment lessen the ability to find an association between leukemia and environmental exposures. Given the limitations of individual cancer cluster investigations, it may prove more efficient to pool laboratory and questionnaire data from similar leukemia clusters.
First-in-Human Study of REGN668/SAR231893 (IL-4Rα mAb): Safety, Tolerability and Biomarker Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Allen Radin, Haobo Ren, Pamela Papino-Wood, Usman Chaudhry, Jennifer D. Hamilton
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)