tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antitumor Activity of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid against Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Quang T. Luong, James O'Kelly, Glenn D. Braunstein, Jerome M. Hershman, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), has multiple antitumor effects against a variety of human cancers. Experimental design: We treated several anaplastic and papillary thyroid cancer cell lines with SAHA to determine if it could inhibit the growth of these cells in vitro and in vivo. Results: SAHA effectively inhibited 50% clonal growth of the anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines, ARO and FRO, and the papillary thyroid cancer cell line, BHP 7-13, at 1.3 × 10−7 to 5 × 10−7 mol/L, doses that are achievable in patients. In concert with growth inhibition, SAHA down-regulated the expression of cyclin D1 and up-regulated levels of p21WAF1. Annexin V and cleavage of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase were both increased by exposure of the thyroid cancer cells to SAHA. Expression of the death receptor 5 (DR5) gene was also increased by SAHA, but the combination of the DR5 ligand, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), with SAHA had little effect compared with SAHA alone. Of note, the combination of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, or paraplatin with SAHA enhanced cell killing of the thyroid cancer cells. In addition, murine studies showed that SAHA administered daily by i.p. injection at 100 mg/kg inhibited the growth of human thyroid tumor cells. Conclusion: Our data indicate that SAHA is a plausible adjuvant therapy for thyroid cancers.
The effect of hepatitis B virus status of the donor on the hepatitis B virus serology of the recipient after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: R. Idilman, E. Soydan, M. Arat, M. Toruner, I. Soykan, S. Karayalcin, C. Ustun, P. Topcuoglu, M. Ozcan, O. Arslan, M. Beksac, O. Ilhan, H. Akan, A. Ozden
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Anti-Inflammatory and Antiatherogenic Effects of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor Arglabin in ApoE <sub>2</sub> .Ki Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Amna Abderrazak, Dominique Couchie, Dler Faieeq Darweesh Mahmood, Rima Elhage, Cécile Vindis, Muriel Laffargue, Véronique Matéo, Berthold Büchele, Monica Rubio Ayala, Menna El Gaafary, Tatiana Syrovets, Mohamed-Naceur Slimane, Bertrand Friguet, Tamas Fulop, Thomas Simmet, Khadija El Hadri, Mustapha Rouis
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— This study was designed to evaluate the effect of arglabin on the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition and atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE 2 Ki mice fed a high-fat Western-type diet. Methods and Results— Arglabin was purified, and its chemical identity was confirmed by mass spectrometry. It inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, but not IL-6 and IL-12, production in lipopolysaccharide and cholesterol crystal–activated cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, with a maximum effect at ≈50 nmol/L and EC 50 values for both cytokines of ≈ 10 nmol/L. Lipopolysaccharide and cholesterol crystals did not induce IL-1β and IL-18 production in Nlrp3 −/− macrophages. In addition, arglabin activated autophagy as evidenced by the increase in LC3-II protein. Intraperitoneal injection of arglabin (2.5 ng/g body weight twice daily for 13 weeks) into female ApoE 2 .Ki mice fed a high-fat diet resulted in a decreased IL-1β plasma level compared with vehicle-treated mice (5.2±1.0 versus 11.7±1.1 pg/mL). Surprisingly, arglabin also reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides to 41% and 42%, respectively. Moreover, arglabin oriented the proinflammatory M1 macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in spleen and arterial lesions. Finally, arglabin treatment markedly reduced the median lesion areas in the sinus and whole aorta to 54% ( P =0.02) and 41% ( P =0.02), respectively. Conclusions— Arglabin reduces inflammation and plasma lipids, increases autophagy, and orients tissue macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype in ApoE 2 .Ki mice fed a high-fat diet. Consequently, a marked reduction in atherosclerotic lesions was observed. Thus, arglabin may represent a promising new drug to treat inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Efficacy of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Functional Impairment in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Nhi-Ha Trinh, Jennifer Hoblyn, Subhanjoy Mohanty, Kristine Yaffe
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> Cholinesterase inhibitors are the primary treatment for the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD). Cholinergic dysfunction is also associated with neuropsychiatric and functional deficits, but results from randomized controlled trials of cholinesterase inhibitors are conflicting. <h3>Objective</h3> To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors for neuropsychiatric and functional outcomes in patients with mild to moderate AD. <h3>Data Sources</h3> We performed a literature search of trials using MEDLINE (January 1966–December 2001), Dissertations Abstracts On-line, PSYCHINFO, BIOSIS, PubMed, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. We retrieved English- and non–English-language articles for review and collected references from bibliographies of reviews, original research articles, and other articles of interest. We searched for both published and unpublished trials, contacting researchers and pharmaceutical companies. <h3>Study Selection</h3> We included 29 parallel-group or crossover randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of outpatients who were diagnosed as having mild to moderate probable AD and were treated for at least 1 month with a cholinesterase inhibitor. Sixteen trials included neuropsychiatric and 18 included functional measures. <h3>Data Extraction</h3> Two investigators (N.H.T. and J.H.) independently extracted study methods, sources of bias, and outcomes. Neuropsychiatric outcomes were measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI, 0-120 points) and the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale, noncognitive (ADAS-noncog, 0-50 points) and were analyzed with the weighted mean difference method. Functional outcomes were measured with several activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scales and analyzed with the standardized mean difference method. <h3>Data Synthesis</h3> For neuropsychiatric outcomes, 10 trials included the ADAS-noncog and 6 included the NPI. Compared with placebo, patients randomized to cholinesterase inhibitors improved 1.72 points on the NPI (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-2.57 points), and 0.03 points on the ADAS-noncog (95% CI, 0.00-0.05 points). For functional outcomes, 14 trials used ADL and 13 trials used IADL scales. Compared with placebo, patients randomized to cholinesterase inhibitors improved 0.1 SDs on ADL scales (95% CI, 0.00-0.19 SDs), and 0.09 SDs on IADL scales (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.17 SDs). There was no difference in efficacy among various cholinesterase inhibitors. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results indicate that cholinesterase inhibitors have a modest beneficial impact on neuropsychiatric and functional outcomes for patients with AD. Future research should focus on how such improvements translate into long-term outcomes such as patient quality of life, institutionalization, and caregiver burden.
Engineered fibrin matrices for functional display of cell membrane-bound growth factor-like activities: Study of angiogenic signaling by ephrin-B2
Authors: Andreas H. Zisch, Steffen M. Zeisberger, Martin Ehrbar, Valentin Djonov, Cornelia C. Weber, Andrew Ziemiecki, Elena B. Pasquale, Jeffrey A. Hubbell
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Scottish patients may get right to hospital treatment in 12 weeks
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Patients in Scotland are to be given a legal guarantee to be treated in hospital within 12 weeks under legislation proposed by the Scottish government. The legislation would also provide patients with a legal right to complain.

But the Patient Rights (Scotland) Bill makes it clear that patients will not be able to sue for compensation if their treatment falls outside the 12 week limit—instead they can expect to be offered treatment elsewhere in the NHS or in the private sector.

The bill …
PATIENT "PRIVILEGES" IN MENTAL HOSPITALS
Authors: A. H. TUMA, LUCY D. OZARIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

The literature reports many changes in mental hospital philosophy and attitudes that reflect on security practices. Since these practices appear to have a direct bearing on requirements for physical facilities, the Architectural Study Project sought to (a) assess the extent and degree of privilege and responsibility permitted to patients in the various types of mental hospitals in this country (b) to establish a base line in reference to security practices in order to detect future changes and trends; and (c) to identify some of the factors which might be related to security practices in mental hospitals. [Refer Source Pdf for the Table 5] A mail questionnaire sent to all public mental hospitals in the United States, Canada, Hawaii and Puerto Rico, resulted in information from 94% of the hospitals which also contained about 94% of all beds in all public mental hospitals. Analysis of the data showed that 12.8% of all the patients in all the hospitals are on open wards, 22.3% are privileged, 45.8% are semi-privileged and 31.9% are non-privileged. State, VA, county, Canadian and Hawaiian hospitals appear to differ significantly in their patient privileges practices. VA hospitals appear to have the smallest proportion of non-privileged patients and semi-privileged patients. Except for the one Hawaiian hospital, the VA hospitals also have the largest percentage of privileged patients with county hospitals in second place. Hospitals which are primarily or entirely for the criminally insane have the lowest privilege rate. Canadian and state hospitals are fairly similar in their practices. Variation in patient privilege practices within each hospital group seems to be related to size of the hospital. Doctor-patient ratios and recency of hospitals do not seem to be related to privilege practices except in VA hospitals where hospitals established after 1946 showed higher percentages of open ward patients than those established prior to this date. Geriatric, medical-surgical and tuberculosis services show a generally lower privilege level than the rest of the services in mental hospitals. The trend of present day psychiatric thinking and practice is toward the open hospital. Yet the data presented here shows that there is still a very long way to go. It would be of utmost importance to determine those factors that bear upon this issue. This study did not attempt to discover the role of staff attitudes in security practices but evidence is available (Greenblatt (2), Stanton (6), our study (4)) that this may be a key factor.
Values in Health Care: Choices and Conflicts
Authors: Benjamin S. Wilfond
Journal: JAMA (1993)

With family values an issue in the 1992 presidential campaign, values have fully emerged in the national spotlight. However, as many political commentators have noted, appeals to values are not always useful in resolving social and ethical issues. Such appeals often do not help determine how to choose between values when these values conflict. Nor do they clarify whose values to use or who should decide whose values are important in resolving the issue at hand. Looking to values to solve ethical, legal, and social dilemmas within health care may be subject to the same pitfalls as in the political context. However, this does not mean that values have no role in health care. The exercise of identifying underlying values can be useful in clarifying whether a dilemma is based on a conflict of factual information or of values, although at times whether something is a fact or value may
The Physician in Industry
Authors: Henry F. Howe
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This book is a brief, elementary introduction to medical practice in industry. The author states his primary purpose as "to help the practicing physician interested in industrial medicine to orient himself in a new environment. It is by no means a complete textbook on industrial medicine." Judged by this standard, the book well achieves its purpose. The opening chapters, "The Role of the Physician in Industry," "Preplacement and Periodic Physical Examinations," and "The Working Environment," succinctly introduce and outline the purposes and techniques of good health maintenance and a preventive medical program in industry. The chapters "Industrial Toxicology" and "Radiation Hazards in Industry" are too brief to comprise an adequate scientific handbook on these subjects. These are followed, however, by a group of chapters, the "Industrial Dispensary (Infirmary, Health Center)." "Accidents and their Prevention," "Medical Aspects of Workmen's Compensation," "Medical Care for Disabled Industrial Workers (Private Insurance, Blue Cross, and
Tag, you're it: Affect tagging promotes goal formation and selection
Authors: Eliza Bliss-Moreau, Lisa A. Williams
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Building upon Huang &amp; Bargh's (H&amp;B's) theory, we propose a complementary view that goal formation and selection are both supported by affect. We suggest that goals may form when affect “tags” discrete behaviors and their outcomes. Further, we propose that goal-associated affect may help guide selection between competing goals, for example, in the case of short-term and long-term goals.
Approach to chronic wound infections
Authors: D. Leaper, O. Assadian, C.E. Edmiston
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Infection is the likeliest single cause of delayed healing in healing of chronic open wounds by secondary intention. If neglected it can progress from contamination to colonization and local infection through to systemic infection, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and it can be life-threatening. Infection in chronic wounds is not as easy to define as in acute wounds, and is complicated by the presence of biofilms. There is, as yet, no diagnostic for biofilm presence, but it contributes to excessive inflammation – through excessive and prolonged stimulation of nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines and free radicals – and activation of immune complexes and complement, leading to a delay in healing. Control of biofilm is a key part of chronic wound management. Maintenance debridement and use of topical antimicrobials (antiseptics) are more effective than antibiotics, which should be reserved for treating spreading local and systemic infection. The continuing rise of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics should lead us to reserve their use for these indications, as no new effective antibiotics are in the research pipeline. Antiseptics are effective through many mechanisms of action, unlike antibiotics, which makes the development of resistance to them unlikely. There is little evidence to support the theoretical risk that antiseptics select resistant pathogens. However, the use of antiseptic dressings for preventing and managing biofilm and infection progression needs further research involving well-designed, randomized controlled trials.
Transient Antiangiogenic Treatment Improves Delivery of Cytotoxic Compounds and Therapeutic Outcome in Lung Cancer
Authors: Sampurna Chatterjee, Caroline Wieczorek, Jakob Schöttle, Maike Siobal, Yvonne Hinze, Thomas Franz, Alexandra Florin, Joanna Adamczak, Lukas C. Heukamp, Bernd Neumaier, Roland T. Ullrich
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Extensive oncologic experience argues that the most efficacious applications of antiangiogenic agents rely upon a combination with cytotoxic drugs. Yet there remains a lack of clarity about how to optimize scheduling for such drug combinations. Prudent antiangiogenic therapy might transiently normalize blood vessels to improve tumor oxygenation and drug exposure. Using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography imaging in a preclinical mouse model of non–small cell lung cancer, we observed that short-term treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor PTK787 licensed a transient window of improved tumor blood flow. The improvement observed was associated with a reduced leakiness from tumor vessels, consistent with induction of a vascular normalization process. Initiation of a cytotoxic treatment in this window of tumor vessel normalization resulted in increased efficacy, as illustrated by improved outcomes of erlotinib administration after initial PTK787 treatment. Notably, intermittent PTK787 treatment also facilitated long-term tumor regression. In summary, our findings offer strong evidence that short-term antiangiogenic therapy can promote a transient vessel normalization process that improves the delivery and efficacy of a targeted cytotoxic drug. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2816–24. ©2014 AACR.
B‐cell acute lymphocytic leukemia in HIV‐antibody‐positive patients
Authors: Jay E. Gold, Antonio Castella, Ralph Zalusky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been well described in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Many of these lymphomas are of the diffuse, aggressive, subtype of B‐cell NHL, including Burkitt and Burkitt‐like lymphoma. Recently, there have been reports of B‐cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Burkitt type, in patients who were either HIV antibody‐positive or at high risk for AIDS. We have seen three cases of B‐cell ALL, Burkitt type, and herein describe their clinical and laboratory characteristics. All patients were HIV antibody‐positive. Since stage IV Burkitt lymphoma in blood phase and B‐cell ALL, Burkitt type, represent a continuum of the same disease, and since it is also an aggressive B‐cell malignancy, we suggest that B‐cell ALL, Burkitt type, in HIV antibody‐positive patients should support the diagnosis of AIDS.
Folate Deficiency and Alcoholism
Authors: SARA LEVITAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1978Folate Deficiency and AlcoholismSARA LEVITANSARA LEVITANAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-1-147_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: As a medical student who looks forward to a career that includes research, I was disturbed by the letter of Dr. Chaffee (Ann Intern Med 88:434, 1978).Dr. Chaffee writes that the motive of Kaunitz and Lindenbaum in their study of "The Bioavailability of Folic Acid Added to Wine" (Ann Intern Med87:542-545, 1977) escapes him and that the article causes him to understand why there has been public and governmental criticism of medical research. In an unreferenced statement he calls the anemia caused by folic acid deficiency in alcoholics "an unusual type of anemia." In fact,...References1. EICHNER E: The hematologic disorders of alcoholism. Am J Med 54:621-630, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. EICHNER E and HILLMAN R: The evolution of anemia in alcoholic patients. Am J Med 50:218-232, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HINES J and COWAN D: Anemia in alcoholism, in Drugs and Hematologic Reactions, edited by DIMITROV NV, NODINE JH. New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1974, pp. 141-153 Google Scholar4. SULLIVAN L and HERBERT V: Mechanism of hematosuppression by ethanol. Am J Clin Nutr 14:238, 1964 Google Scholar5. GOODMAN L and GILMAN A: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 5th ed. New York, Macmillan Publishing Co., 1975, pp. 148-149 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SARA LEVITANAffiliations: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY 10032 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1978Volume 89, Issue 1Page: 147-147KeywordsAlcoholicsAlcoholismAnemiaCareers in researchFolate deficiencyFolic acidWine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chemical and immunological testing for faecal occult blood in screening subjects at risk of familial colorectal cancer.
Authors: L M Hunt, P S Rooney, K Bostock, M H Robinson, J D Hardcastle, N C Armitage
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: People with a family history of colorectal cancer have an increased risk of the disease themselves. Many centres are advocating family history screening by endoscopy. AIMS: The performance of chemical and immunological faecal occult blood tests (Haemoccult and Hemeselect) in 212 subjects with a family history of colorectal cancer was assessed. RESULTS: Both Hemeselect and Haemoccult were positive in the only patient with colorectal cancer. Hemeselect was more sensitive than Haemoccult for adenomas (40% compared with 20%) (adenomas larger than 1 cm 75% compared with 50%). No additional abnormality was detected by the addition of Haemoccult or Hemeselect to 60 cm flexible sigmoidoscopy in screening people at lower levels of familial risk. A false positive rate of 16% for Hemeselect resulted in a high proportion of additional colonoscopies in this group. CONCLUSIONS: At present faecal occult blood tests are not sufficiently sensitive or specific to replace endoscopy in screening people at risk of familial colorectal cancer.
Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Population-Based Study in Rochester, Minnesota
Authors: D J Ballard, L J Melton, M S Dwyer, J C Trautmann, C-P Chu, W M O'Fallon, P J Palumbo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Retinopathy is an important sequela of diabetes mellitus, but clinical risk factors for this condition have rarely been assessed in a geographically defined population. In this population-based study, the 1135 Rochester, Minnesota, residents with diabetes mellitus initially diagnosed between 1945 and 1969 (incidence cohort) were followed through their complete medical records in the community to January 1, 1982. Because most of the cases of diabetic retinopathy in Rochester residents developed in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), risk factors for diabetic retinopathy were examined in this group (N = 1031). A proportional hazards model identified the following risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in NIDDM: elevated initial fasting blood glucose level, marked obesity, and earlier age at onset of diabetes. Stratified analyses indicated that duration of diabetes was also significantly associated with an increased risk of retinopathy. Two secular trends, increasing detection of "mild" NIDDM and decreasing risk of diabetic retinopathy, had a major effect on retinopathy risk assessment. These data also suggest that insulin therapy is not an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy.
Intestinal perforation associated with Yersinia enterocolitica infection.
Authors: G G Browning, W R Weir
Journal: BMJ (1985)

et al had occult adenocarcinomas of the large bowel.3An association with neoplasm of the small bowel has not been described.In this case portasystemic shunting and diabetes mellitus may have been additional predisposing factors.Adenocarcinoma of the ileum is rare in this age group.4Its coexistence with cystic fibrosis may have been a chance happening, but we speculate that a combination of slowed small bowel transit, raised faecal bile acid concentrations, altered bowel flora, and low plasma selenium and vitamin E concentrations, all previously reported in cystic fibrosis, may predispose to the development of gastrointestinal malignancy.Any such predisposition would become more obvious as life expectancy in cystic fibrosis improves.We thank Dr Philip De Costa of the histopathology department and