tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ovarian Insulin-like Growth Factors
Authors: Leonid Poretsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 September 1992Ovarian Insulin-like Growth FactorsLeonid Poretsky, MDLeonid Poretsky, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-6-535_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: LeRoith and colleagues (1) could have added to their discussion of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in health and disease yet another organ in which the physiologic, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic importance of IGFs has been shown. Physiologically, ovaries produce various growth factors, including IGFs, that are important for normal follicular development (2). Ovaries also possess receptors for IGFs (3).Pathologically, IGF-I receptors are the likely mediators of insulin-induced hyperandrogenism, which is commonly observed in insulin-resistant patients (3). In addition to stimulating androgen production, hyperinsulinemia appears to upregulate ovarian IGF-I receptors, which further enhances this "alternate" pathway for insulin...References1. LeRoithClemmonsNissleyRechter DDPM. Insulin-like growth factors in health and disease. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:854-62. LinkGoogle Scholar2. AdashiResnickD'ErcoleSvobodaVan Wykk ECAMJ. Insulin-like growth factors as intraovarian regulators of granulosa cell growth and function. Endocr Rev. 1985;6:400-20. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Poretsky L. On the paradox of insulin-induced hyperandrogenism in insulin-resistant states. Endocr Rev. 1991;12:3-13. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. PoretskydemonsBogovich LJK. Hyperinsulinemia and human chorionic gonadotrophin promote the growth of ovarian follicular cysts in rats. Metabolism. 1992;41:903-10. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HomburgWestTorresaniJacobs RCTH. Cotreatment with human growth hormone and gonadotropins for induction of ovulation: a controlled clinical trial. Fertil Steril. 1992;53:254-60. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cabrini Medical Center New York, NY 10010 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1992Volume 117, Issue 6Page: 535-535KeywordsAndrogensGrowth factorsHyperinsulinemiaInsulinInsulin-like growth factorsOvaries Issue Published: 15 September 1992 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Experimental venous lesions of the colon
Authors: R. W. Marcuson, J. O. Stewart, A. Marston
Journal: Gut (1972)

This experimental work has shown that structural changes in the colon may be produced following inferior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Whilst there are certain radiological similarities, sigmoidoscopic appearances and histological studies show that the pathogenesis of venous lesions differs from that of arterial lesions. The possible relationship of these experiments to clinical lesions is discussed.
National Outcomes of Cataract Extraction
Authors: Jonathan C. Javitt, Debra A. Street, James M. Tielsch, Qin Wang, Margaret M. Kolb, Oliver Schein, Alfred Sommer, Marilyn Bergner, Earl P. Steinberg, Earl P. Steinberg, Marilyn Bergner, Alfred Sommer, Gerard F. Anderson, Eric B. Bass, Joseph Canner, Alan M. Gittelsohn, Jonathan Javitt, Margaret M. Kolb, Marcia Legro, Neil R. Powe, Oliver P. Schein, Phoebe Sharkey, Donald M. Steinwachs, James M. Tielsch
Journal: Ophthalmology (1994)

A near-total shift to cataract extraction on an outpatient basis occurred as a result of an administrative ruling by the Health Care Financing Administration. No national study has been conducted to assess the possible effects of that decision on clinical outcomes of surgery. The authors compared the rates of retinal detachment (RD) repair and hospitalization for endophthalmitis after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) (including phacoemulsification) in 1986 and 1987 with those following inpatient cataract extraction in 1984.Using the 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we analyzed the claims of all individuals 66 years of age or older who underwent ECCE by nuclear expression or phacoemulsification in 1986 and 1987. A total of 57,103 patients were identified and followed to the end of 1988. Cumulative probability of RD repair and hospitalization for endophthalmitis was calculated by standard lifetable methods. These findings were compared with the cumulative probability of the same complications in a cohort of 330,000 patients who underwent cataract extraction on an inpatient basis in 1984.In the 1986-to-1987 cohort, the cumulative probability of RD within 3 years after cataract surgery was 0.81% and the cumulative probability of endophthalmitis within 1 year was 0.08%. The rate of RD is similar to that which we previously reported for 330,000 patients who underwent inpatient surgery in 1984, but the rate of endophthalmitis is significantly lower in the 1986-to-1987 outpatient cohort (0.08% versus 0.12%; z = 2.42; P = 0.01).The shift to outpatient cataract surgery was accompanied by no significant increase in the probability of RD repair and possibly a significant decrease in the rate of hospitalization for endophthalmitis.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH AUREOMYCIN 12
Authors: John C. Harvey, George S. Mirick, Isabelle G. Schaub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

During the past nine months a study has been made by members of the medical service at the Johns Hopkins Hospital concerning some of the possible therapeutic uses of aureomycin.Forty- eight patients with a variety of infectious processes were selected for treatment.In many cases the patients had been treated unsuccessfully with one or more chemotherapeutic agents before aureo- mycin was given but in each instance an effort was made to curtail other drugs during the period that aureomycin was used.Whenever possible the infectious agent was recovered before treatment with aureomycin was started, and other cultures were made during and following this therapy.The sensitivity to aureomycin of the bacteria re- covered was tested in vitro in each instance.Certain studies were made to evaluate the pos- sible toxicity of the drug.The patients were ex- amined daily for evidence of rashes or untoward symptoms.The blood and urine were examined before, during, and after treatment.The liver function of 37 cases was tested before and after treatment, by the thymol turbidity, cephalin flocculation, and BSP excretion tests and serial elec- trocardiograms were obtained from 39 cases.No patient developed drug fever or dermatitis, and no signs of toxicity to the bone marrow, kidneys, liver, or myocardium were noted.Twenty-six of the 48 patients complained of nausea or epigastric distress.Diarrhea was noted in addition in nine cases.The gastrointestinal symptoms seemed to depend on idiosyncrasy and some patients could take large doses without discomfort.In general, the same dose caused less discomfort when divided into small amounts given frequently rather than large amounts at wider intervals.Aureomycin was better tolerated when given with food or with 1 Presented at the Second National Symposium on Recent Advances in Antibiotics Research held in Wash- ington, D. C.
THE CHOICE OF PYELOGRAPHIC MEDIUMS
Authors: ROGER C. GRAVES
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In 1906, through the work of Voelcker and von Lichtenberg, the urinary tract was first rendered opaque to the roentgen ray. Since that time the technic of pyelography has steadily improved, and the procedure, now satisfactory and devoid of danger, plays a rôle of supreme importance in urologic diagnosis. The earliest efforts and their attendant difficulties are matters of common knowledge. The colloidal silver preparations of which so much was expected proved unsafe. Indeed, their untoward effects might well have been foretold had it been remembered how readily invasion of the renal and general circulations may follow abnormal pressure within the kidney pelvis. Instances of disaster following the use of silver are multiple, the damage resulting in most cases from silver embolism, and the kidney being usually the chief sufferer. These more harmful substances,therefore, were supplanted by the thorium solution of Burns.<sup>1</sup>This was an excellent contribution. Its value
High nephritogenicity of monoclonal antibodies belonging to IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses in rat anti-GBM nephritis
Authors: Takayuki Kohda, Shin-Ichi Okada, Atsushi Hayashi, Susumu Kanzaki, Yoshifumi Ninomiya, Masafumi Taki, Yoshikazu Sado
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Global fall in neonatal deaths over past 20 years is too slow, says study
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Despite a 29% global fall in the number of babies dying in their first month of life over the past 20 years, progress on improving neonatal mortality rates has been too slow, particularly in Africa, says a study published in PLoS Medicine .

An estimated 3.3 million babies died in the first month of life in 2009 compared with 4.6 million in 1990 , a fall of 29%. But nearly 99% of these deaths occurred in developing countries, and more than half (1.7 million, 52%) occurred in five …
Biomimetic hydration lubrication with various polyelectrolyte layers on cross-linked polyethylene orthopedic bearing materials
Authors: Masayuki Kyomoto, Toru Moro, Kenichi Saiga, Masami Hashimoto, Hideya Ito, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, Yoshio Takatori, Kazuhiko Ishihara
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Severe and recurrent episodes of bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia associated with indolent CD4+ CD8+ T-cell leukaemia
Authors: M. Martinez-Gallo, C. Puy, R. Ruiz-Hernandez, J. M. Rodriguez-Arias, M. Bofill, J. F. Nomdedeu, J. C. Cigudosa, J. L. Rodriguez-Sanchez, O. de la Calle-Martin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The present study describes an adult male who has had recurrent episodes of pulmonary infiltrates with severe acute respiratory failure over a period of 10 yrs. Clinical and pathological characteristics revealed bronchiolitis obliterans with organising pneumonia (BOOP) that responded dramatically to prednisone. BOOP is characterised by inflammation of the bronchioles and surrounding tissue in the lungs. It can mimic infectious pneumonia but diagnosis is suspected when there is no response to multiple antibiotic treatment, and blood and sputum cultures are negative for microorganisms. A high proportion of double-positive (DP)-T-cells was detected in peripheral blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage, expressing CD4 and CD8αβ heterodimer with memory phenotype. These DP-T-lymphocytes expressed specific homing molecules that could explain their tropism to lung tissue, giving rise to the clinical symptoms. The patient did not present organomegaly, lymphadenopathy, lymphocytosis or other features of malignancy. However, T-cell receptor Vβ chain analysis indicated clonal rearrangement, and cytogenetic studies displayed chromosomic alterations that were similar to clonal proliferation observed in ataxia-telangiectasia and T-prolymphocytic leukaemia. The findings suggest a smouldering form of lymphoproliferation, the first sign of which was bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia requiring constant corticoid treatment.
Exacerbation of Established Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Murine Model by Gammaherpesvirus
Authors: Tracy R. McMillan, Bethany B. Moore, Jason B. Weinberg, Kevin M. Vannella, W. Brad Fields, Paul J. Christensen, Linda F. van Dyk, Galen B. Toews
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease with high mortality. Although most patients have a slow, progressive course, some patients will have an acute deterioration in function or acute exacerbation, which carries a poor prognosis. In some cases, acute deterioration is associated with infection. Herpesviruses have been associated with this disease. Fibrocytes have also been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.Objectives: To develop a murine model for infectious exacerbation of preexisting fibrosis, and provide mechanistic insight into the role of herpesviruses in fibrotic disease.Methods: We used a model of fluorescein isothiocyanate–induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Infection with a murine gammaherpesvirus was given at time of established lung fibrosis. Measurements were made at the time of peak lytic viral replication.Measurements and Main Results: We demonstrate that infection with gammaherpesvirus can exacerbate established fluorescein isothiocyanate–induced fibrosis evidenced by increased total lung collagen, histologic changes of acute lung injury, and diminished lung function. Gammaherpesvirus can exacerbate preexisting fibrosis in a Th1 cytokine environment and in the absence of Th2 cytokines. Gammaherpesvirus increases fibrocyte recruitment to the lung in wild-type, but not CCR2−/− mice, in part because viral infection up-regulates production of CCL2 and CCL12, chemokines important for fibrocyte recruitment. In contrast, mouse adenovirus infection did not exacerbate collagen deposition.Conclusions: These data provide a new model for gammaherpesvirus exacerbation of established pulmonary fibrosis. The up-regulation of chemokines during viral infection and subsequent recruitment of fibrocytes to the lung likely contribute to augmentation of pulmonary fibrosis.
Chronic Nitrofurantoin Pulmonary Reaction
Authors: E. C. Rosenow, Richard A. DeRemee, David E. Dines
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

In five cases diffuse interstitial pneumonitis or fibrosis, or both (as proved by lung biopsy), was seen after long-term therapy with nitrofurantoin. The acute form of nitrofurantoin pneumonitis is characterized by the sudden onset of cough, dyspnea and fever, and the rapid disappearance of the symptoms and findings when the use of the drug is discontinued. The chronic form is insidious in onset, is not associated with a febrile reaction, produces a nonspecific histologic and radiologic picture of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis or fibrosis, or both, and may be at least partially reversible when the drug therapy is discontinued and steroids are employed.
A3.26 Identifying T-Follicular-Helper-Like Cell Involvement in the Organization of Tubulointerstitial Inflammation in Human Lupus Nephritis and Renal Allograft Rejection
Authors: V Liarski, D Brandt, N Kaverina, S Henderson, A Chang, T Utset, C Labno, Y Peng, Y Jiang, M Giger, M Clark
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) is a usual feature of lupus nephritis (LuN) and the infiltrate is organised into well-circumscribed T:B-cell aggregates or germinal centre-like structures. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> We analysed 42 LuN biopsies using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for the qualitative presence of T<sub>FH</sub>-like CD4<sup>+</sup>ICOS<sup>+</sup> cells (T<sub>IH</sub>)(n = 19 for ICOS-positive cases) and compared this with T-cell-mediated (TCM, n = 8) and mixed renal allograft (mixed RT, n = 7) rejection cases. Cellular make-up and relationships within TII were examined using CLSM to identify and compare the locations of T<sub>IH</sub> cells and CD20<sup>+</sup> B cells by means of a computerised cell-distance algorithm. <h3>Results</h3> The prevalence of T<sub>IH</sub> cells was found to be 45.2% in LuN, 64.2% in TCM, and 50% in mixed RT cases. Presence of these cells in LuN was statistically correlated with a worse grade of TII as scored by a blinded pathologist (2.05 versus 1.48, p = 0.04). ICOS-positive biopsies were associated with a higher mean serum creatinine in adult patients at time of biopsy (2.3 versus 1.1 mg/dL, p = 0.03) as well as GFR as measured by the MDRD equation and adjusted for patient sex (44.8 versus 74.1 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, p = 0.04) with no statistical differences in age, sex, ISN/RPS LuN class, or NIH activity or chronicity indices. Cellular distance mapping revealed that T<sub>IH</sub> cells were spatially related to CD20<sup>+</sup> B cells across LuN (42.9% of cells within 0.27 microns, n = 10 biopsies), control tonsil tissue (65.3%, n = 2 biopsies), and mixed RT cases (70.3%, n = 7 biopsies) as compared to other T cells (less than 20% for all groups, respectively). These associations remained unchanged after correction for total cellular density and T:B cell ratios. Low-density TCM cases showed a comparatively low rate of T<sub>IH</sub>:B cell association (15.0%, n = 8 biopsies) and these results were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.0001 versus mixed RT and tonsil cases, p = 0.002 versus LuN). Comparing the above results against a theoretical model of random T<sub>IH</sub>:B-cell distribution revealed that the likelihood of our observations in LuN being due to chance was approximately 8.12 × 10<sup>–41</sup>. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data reveal that T<sub>IH</sub> cells are present in similar rates across cases of renal allograft rejection as well as LuN. Their presence is associated with a higher degree of TII as well as worse renal function at time of biopsy in LuN. T<sub>IH</sub> cells are more likely to form proximal conjugates with naïve and activated B cells in tissues of diseases associated with aberrant autoantibody production (SLE, mixed RT) but not in processes where autoantibodies are absent (TCM).
Welcome to the Machine
Authors: Cam Patterson, Douglas Cyr
Journal: Circulation (2002)

T he price paid by the cardiovascular system for maintain- ing circulation is being a target of chronic forces that contribute to wear and tear.Cardiovascular tissues are in constant peril of damage from these stresses, and are dependent on highly conserved cellular machines for protection.The cellular environment is adapted to detect, repair and, if necessary, dispose of damaged proteins, in part because they are toxic to the cell.The molecular chaperone and ubiquitinproteasome systems are the machinery that repair and degrade damaged proteins, yet little attention has been given to these systems in cardiovascular pathophysiology.Recent advances have brought protein folding and degradation closer to the forefront of cardiovascular biology.This review discusses these advances and presents new models for consideration of cardiovascular pathophysiology and therapeutics as problems of protein homeostasis.
Unilateral Asterixis in a Dialysis Patient
Authors: Gary Ericson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ASTERIXIS is seen with many metabolic disorders, the most common being liver failure, renal failure, hyponatremia, and hypercapnea.<sup>1</sup>In the vast majority of cases, it is bilateral, although unilateral flapping has been occasionally described.<sup>1-4</sup>In these cases the unilateral asterixis appeared to be due to anoxia of the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. We report a case of unilateral rightsided asterixis in a uremic patient who subsequently was found to have severe left carotid artery stenosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old man with a six-month history of fatigue and anorexia and an 18-kg weight loss was admitted to the hospital for hemodialysis. For seven years he had been undergoing treatment for hypertension with hydralazine hydrochloride, furosemide, and methyldopa with only moderate success. He had been admitted to another hospital with renal failure and an initial creatinine level of 18.6 mg/dl. Examination at the time showed a blood pressure of
Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Hospital Admission for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Francesca Dominici, Roger D. Peng, Michelle L. Bell, Luu Pham, Aidan McDermott, Scott L. Zeger, Jonathan M. Samet
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Evidence on the health risks associated with short-term exposure to fine particles (particulate matter < or =2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5]) is limited. Results from the new national monitoring network for PM2.5 make possible systematic research on health risks at national and regional scales.To estimate risks of cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5 for Medicare enrollees and to explore heterogeneity of the variation of risks across regions.A national database comprising daily time-series data daily for 1999 through 2002 on hospital admission rates (constructed from the Medicare National Claims History Files) for cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes and injuries, ambient PM2.5 levels, and temperature and dew-point temperature for 204 US urban counties (population >200,000) with 11.5 million Medicare enrollees (aged >65 years) living an average of 5.9 miles from a PM2.5 monitor.Daily counts of county-wide hospital admissions for primary diagnosis of cerebrovascular, peripheral, and ischemic heart diseases, heart rhythm, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory infection, and injuries as a control outcome.There was a short-term increase in hospital admission rates associated with PM2.5 for all of the health outcomes except injuries. The largest association was for heart failure, which had a 1.28% (95% confidence interval, 0.78%-1.78%) increase in risk per 10-microg/m3 increase in same-day PM2.5. Cardiovascular risks tended to be higher in counties located in the Eastern region of the United States, which included the Northeast, the Southeast, the Midwest, and the South.Short-term exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk for hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
Compulsory detention in hospital under the Mental Health Act 1983.
Authors: M Briscoe, B Harris
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Mental disorder may occasionally so distort a person's perception of reality that he becomes a danger to himselfor others and, at the same time, refuses any help or treatment that might be necessary to reduce this risk.In such cases there will be times when the sufferer must be deprived of his liberty for his own safety, even though such a step constitutes a major infringement of human liberty.Legal controls governing such measures have been present in Britain since the sixteenth century, and today the statutory controls relating to such powers are embodied in the Mental Health Act 1983.Many doctors may be forgiven for thinking that only psychiatrists need be concerned with the workings of this act, but this is not so.General practitioners, hospital consultants, psychiatric nurses, social workers, hospital managers, relatives, and the police are all given powers under this legislation. Mental Health Act 1983The algorithm deals with those sections relating to compulsory admission to hospital of patients suffering from mental disorder- that is, sections 2, 3, 4, 5, and 136.Mental disorder is defined as "mental illness, arrested or incomplete development of the mind, psychopathic disorder and any other disorder or disability of the mind."This act refers only to England and Wales; separate legislation exists for Scotland and Northern Ireland.The mainstay of compulsory admission is sections 2 and 3, and every effort should be made to use one of these ifdetention becomes necessary.It is best to view sections 4, 5, and 136 as preliminary steps that may occasionally have to be taken in more urgent cases; an application for section 2 or 3 should be considered as soon as the immediate emergency has abated. SECTION 2Purpose-To admit a person to hospital for assessment or assessment and treatment.Duration-28 days.Grounds-(1) The patient is suffering from mental disorder of a nature or degree that warrants the detention of the patient in a hospital for assessment (or assessment followed by treatment) for at least a limited period. (2)The patient should be so detained in the