tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A population-based approach indicates an overall higher patient mortality with peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis in Korea
Authors: Hyunwook Kim, Kyoung Hoon Kim, Kisoo Park, Shin-Wook Kang, Tae-Hyun Yoo, Song Vogue Ahn, Hyeong Sik Ahn, Hoo Jae Hann, Shina Lee, Jung-Hwa Ryu, Seung-Jung Kim, Duk-Hee Kang, Kyu Bok Choi, Dong-Ryeol Ryu
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Cumulative Epinephrine Dose during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Neurologic Outcome
Authors: Wilhelm Behringer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Epinephrine is the drug of choice in advanced cardiac life support, but it can have deleterious side effects after restoration of spontaneous circulation. Objective: To investigate the association between the cumulative epinephrine dose used in advanced cardiac life support and neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: University hospital. Patients: Adults admitted to the emergency department with witnessed, nontraumatic, normothermic ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest and unsuccessful initial defibrillation. Measurements: Functional neurologic outcome was regularly assessed by cerebral performance category (CPC) within 6 months after cardiac arrest. A CPC of 1 or 2 was defined as favorable recovery. Results: Among 178 enrolled patients, the median cumulative epinephrine dose administered was 4 mg (range, 0 to 50 mg). In 151 patients (84%), spontaneous circulation was restored; 63 of these 151 patients (42%) had favorable neurologic recovery. Patients with an unfavorable CPC received a significantly higher cumulative dose of epinephrine than did patients with a favorable CPC (4 mg compared with 1 mg; P < 0.001). This finding persisted after stratification by duration of resuscitation. After possible cofounders were controlled for, the cumulative epinephrine dose remained an independent predictor of unfavorable neurologic outcome. Conclusions: The results indicate that an increasing cumulative dose of epinephrine administered during resuscitation is independently associated with unfavorable neurologic outcome after ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest.
Cardiac CT Cancer Risks Less Than Feared?
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical profiles of Chinese patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis
Authors: K. W T Tsang, C. G C Ooi, M. S M Ip, W.-k. Lam, H. Ngan, E. Y T Chan, B. Hawkins, C.-s. Ho, R. Amitani, E. Tanaka, H. Itoh
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), characterised by progressive sinobronchial sepsis, is well characterised in Japanese subjects but not in other ethnic groups. The experience with DPB in seven Chinese patients is described and the clinical profiles compared with those of Japanese subjects. <h3>METHODS</h3> Seven Chinese patients (three women; mean (SD) age 48(18.6) years, all never smokers) who attended a teaching hospital centre and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for DPB were assessed prospectively for clinical, radiological, lung function, microbiological, and other “characteristic” laboratory parameters. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Lung function assessment showed a typical obstructive pattern (n = 5) and air trapping (n = 7). Typical bronchiolar infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells and accumulation of foamy macrophages in the intraluminal tissue were detected in open lung biopsy specimens (n = 2). Chest radiographs and high resolution computed tomographic scans revealed hyperinflation, diffuse nodules, bronchial thickening and dilatation, peripheral hypoattenuation, and bronchiolectasis. Radiological improvement, manifest as a reduction in nodular density and bronchial thickening, and persistence of other abnormalities such as air trapping were not accurately depicted by the classical Nakata or Akira classifications. The other “characteristic” features such as HLA-B54, IgG subclass deficiency, raised CD4/CD8 T lymphocyte ratio, cold haemagglutinaemia, raised IgA, IgG, and rheumatoid factor were not present. Treatment with erythromycin led to excellent responses in symptoms, lung function indices, and the radiological picture. A review of the non-Japanese cases in the literature reveals that this absence of typical “additional features” in DPB might also be applicable to non-Japanese patients. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> We report the only series of non-Japanese Mongoloid patients with well characterised DPB who had uncharacteristic investigation profiles. This experience should help other clinicians in the investigation and management of DPB in non-Japanese patients.
The Gene Orders on Human Chromosome 15 and Chicken Chromosome 10 Reveal Multiple Inter- and Intrachromosomal Rearrangements
Authors: Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Rosilde J. M. Dijkhof, Tineke Veenendaal, Jan J. van der Poel, Robert D. Nicholls, Henk Bovenhuis, Martien A. M. Groenen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Comparative mapping between the human and chicken genomes has revealed a striking conservation of synteny between the genomes of these two species, but the results have been based on low-resolution comparative maps. To address this conserved synteny in much more detail, a high-resolution human-chicken comparative map was constructed from human chromosome 15. Mapping, sequencing, and ordering of specific chicken bacterial artificial chromosomes has improved the comparative map of chromosome 15 (Hsa15) and the homologous regions in chicken with almost 100 new genes and/or expressed sequence tags. A comparison of Hsa15 with chicken identified seven conserved chromosomal segments between the two species. In chicken, these were on chromosome 1 (Gga1; two segments), Gga5 (two segments), and Gga10 (three segments). Although four conserved segments were also observed between Hsa15 and mouse, only one of the underlying rearrangement breakpoints was located at the same position as in chicken, indicating that the rearrangements generating the other three breakpoints occurred after the divergence of the rodent and the primate lineages. A high-resolution comparison of Gga10 with Hsa15 identified 19 conserved blocks, indicating the presence of at least 16 intrachromosomal rearrangement breakpoints in the bird lineage after the separation of birds and mammals. These results improve our knowledge of the evolution and dynamics of the vertebrate genomes and will aid in the clarification of the mechanisms that underlie the differentiation between the vertebrate species.
CCR7 is involved in the migration of neutrophils to lymph nodes
Authors: Céline Beauvillain, Pierre Cunin, Andrea Doni, Mari Scotet, Sébastien Jaillon, Marie-Line Loiry, Giovanni Magistrelli, Krzysztof Masternak, Alain Chevailler, Yves Delneste, Pascale Jeannin
Journal: Blood (2010)
A Versatile Linker for Nontoxic Polyamine-Mediated DNA Transfection
Authors: Edmund J Niedzinski, Scott K Fujii, Mike E Lizarzaburu, James G Hecker, Michael H Nantz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Low levels of transfection efficacy and lipid-associated cytotoxicity have complicated the use of cationic lipids to facilitate transfer of exogenous DNA to eukaryotic cells. To address these issues, we synthesized a panel of six tetraester polyamines that were designed to minimize cytotoxicity by using pentaerythritol to link the hydrophobic and the DNA-binding domains. We conducted this study to probe the effects of structural modifications around pentaerythritol as a linker on transfection activity and cell viability. We compared polyamines against commercial lipid reagents using luciferase and green fluorescent protein transfection assays in both CHO and NIH3T3 cells. Measurement of transfection activity and cytotoxicity using flow cytometry showed that the more active polyamine analogs exhibited activities comparable to LipofectAMINE PLUS and TransFast. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that all the pentaerythritol-based polyamines were uniformly nontoxic, whereas transfection activity was dependent on headgroup and sidechain composition. These results demonstrate that pentaerythritol is a useful core material for the development of active, nontoxic transfection agents. Low levels of transfection efficacy and lipid-associated cytotoxicity have complicated the use of cationic lipids to facilitate transfer of exogenous DNA to eukaryotic cells. To address these issues, we synthesized a panel of six tetraester polyamines that were designed to minimize cytotoxicity by using pentaerythritol to link the hydrophobic and the DNA-binding domains. We conducted this study to probe the effects of structural modifications around pentaerythritol as a linker on transfection activity and cell viability. We compared polyamines against commercial lipid reagents using luciferase and green fluorescent protein transfection assays in both CHO and NIH3T3 cells. Measurement of transfection activity and cytotoxicity using flow cytometry showed that the more active polyamine analogs exhibited activities comparable to LipofectAMINE PLUS and TransFast. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that all the pentaerythritol-based polyamines were uniformly nontoxic, whereas transfection activity was dependent on headgroup and sidechain composition. These results demonstrate that pentaerythritol is a useful core material for the development of active, nontoxic transfection agents.
Restorative proctocolectomy with end to end pouch-anal anastomosis in patients over the age of fifty.
Authors: W G Lewis, P M Sagar, P J Holdsworth, A T Axon, D Johnston
Journal: Gut (1993)

This study was to examine whether 9fit9 patients over the age of 50 who require elective surgery for ulcerative colitis are suitable candidates for restorative proctocolectomy, providing that they are continent before operation and that the anal sphincter is preserved in its entirety without stripping of the mucosa or endoanal anastomosis. Between 1986 and 1991, 18 patients 50 to 66 years old (median 55 years: nine men) underwent restorative proctocolectomy with end to end ileoanal anastomosis without mucosal stripping (12 quadruplicated (W), four duplicated (J), two no reservoir). The results were compared 12 (range three to 24) months later with those of 18 matched patients who were less than 50 years of age (median 34 years). In patients over 50, median resting anal pressure was 88 (range 44-131) cm water before and 80 (47-138) cm water after the operation (NS). In patients under 50, median resting anal pressure was 76 (51-128) cm water before and 77 (36-137) cm water after operation (NS). Resting anal pressure in older patients did not differ significantly from that in younger patients either before or after the operation. Both sensory and reflex anal functions were preserved as well after operation in the older patients as in the younger ones. The clinical results in patients over 50 were slightly inferior to the results for the younger patients, but the difference was small and not significant. Hence age alone is not a contraindication to restorative surgery provided that the anal sphincter is preserved in its entirety.
Quantitative, rather than qualitative, differences in CD69 upregulation in human blood eosinophils upon activation with selected stimuli
Authors: A. Nopp, J. Lundahl, G. Halldén
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: The study aimed to investigate whether CD69 expression on granulocytes is subject to specific regulation by inflammatory mediators, and, if so, to identify these factors in relation to eosinophil activity markers such as the EG2 epitope and ECP release. Methods: Peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy donors were used. The surface and intracellular distribution of CD69 was investigated with a whole‐blood cell‐membrane permeabilization technique, the FOG method, and flow cytometry. In vitro stimulation was performed with GM‐CSF, IL‐5, IL‐5 plus eotaxin, LPS, and fMLP. Results: A preformed intracellular pool of CD69 was demonstrated in both eosinophils and neutrophils, but not in monocytes. Almost no resting eosinophils, neutrophils. or monocytes expressed CD69 on the cell surface. However, in vitro stimulation with selected stimuli increased the proportion of CD69‐positive eosinophils to various extents, with GM‐CSF being the most and fMLP the least efficient stimulus. The neutrophils did not respond under these conditions. Increased expression of the EG2 epitope and initiation of degranulation preceded CD69 upregulation. Conclusions: Eosinophils and neutrophils from healthy donors have a preformed intracellular pool of CD69, which is mobilized on the cell surface on eosinophils, but not on neutrophils, to various extents by selected stimuli. Monocytes, however, do not have a preformed intracellular pool of CD69. Our data indicate that a kinetic order exists among the EG2 expression, the degranulation process, and CD69 upregulation. Due to a quantitative, rather then a qualitative, upregulation of CD69 by stimuli associated with both allergic and bacterial inflammation, CD69 may be a potential activity marker of clinical value.
Diagnosis of Early Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Samuel B. Beaser
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Early diagnosis in diabetes mellitus as in many other diseases is still dependent on a combination of clinical and laboratory observations. There has been a continual search for screening and diagnostic tests with optimum degrees of sensitivity and specificity. Long-term prospective studies have established the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as the most specific test of diabetes mellitus today.<sup>1</sup>Prior to its performance a diet normal in carbohydrate intake (minimum of 150 gm per day) must be assured for at least one week. The patient in the fasting state (12 to 14 hours after a previous meal) is given 100 gm of glucose orally as a 20% solution in water (lemon flavored). The blood glucose level is determined at stated intervals, with the upper limits of normal for an adult (nonpregnant) up to age 50 as follows: fasting, 110; one hour 170; two hours, 120; and three hours 110
β-Blockers in Diabetic Patients With Heart Failure—Reply
Authors: Björn Pasternak, Henrik Svanström, Anders Hviid
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Intensive insulin therapy: enhanced Model Predictive Control algorithm versus standard care
Authors: Jeremy J. Cordingley, Dirk Vlasselaers, Natalie C. Dormand, Pieter J. Wouters, Stephen D. Squire, Ludovic J. Chassin, Malgorzata E. Wilinska, Clifford J. Morgan, Roman Hovorka, Greet Van den Berghe
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF VASCULAR RESPONSE AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANT WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN RELATION TO HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND VASCULAR FUNCTION IN PIG CORONARY MODEL
Authors: Daisuke Matsumoto, Toshiro Shinke, Takamitsu Nakamura, Junya Shite, Kenichi Hirata, Dongming Hou, Nicolas Chronos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Risk Score for Predicting Stroke or Death in Individuals With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the Community
Authors: Thomas J. Wang, Joseph M. Massaro, Daniel Levy, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Philip A. Wolf, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Martin G. Larson, William B. Kannel, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Prior risk stratification schemes for atrial fibrillation (AF) have been based on randomized trial cohorts or Medicare administrative databases, have included patients with established AF, and have focused on stroke as the principal outcome.To derive risk scores for stroke alone and stroke or death in community-based individuals with new-onset AF.Prospective, community-based, observational cohort in Framingham, Mass. We identified 868 participants with new-onset AF, 705 of whom were not treated with warfarin at baseline. Risk scores for stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) and stroke or death were developed with censoring when warfarin initiation occurred during follow-up. Event rates were examined in low-risk individuals, as defined by the risk score and 4 previously published risk schemes.Stroke and the combination of stroke or death.During a mean follow-up of 4.0 years free of warfarin use, stroke alone occurred in 83 participants and stroke or death occurred in 382 participants. A risk score for stroke was derived that included the following risk predictors: advancing age, female sex, increasing systolic blood pressure, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, and diabetes. With the risk score, 14.3% of the cohort had a predicted 5-year stroke rate < or =7.5% (average annual rate < or =1.5%), and 30.6% of the cohort had a predicted 5-year stroke rate < or =10% (average annual rate < or =2%). Actual stroke rates in these low-risk groups were 1.1 and 1.5 per 100 person-years, respectively. Previous risk schemes classified 6.4% to 17.3% of subjects as low risk, with actual stroke rates of 0.9 to 2.3 per 100 person-years. A risk score for stroke or death is also presented.These risk scores can be used to estimate the absolute risk of an adverse event in individuals with AF, which may be helpful in counseling patients and making treatment decisions.
Hepatocyte-specific high-mobility group box 1 deletion worsens the injury in liver ischemia/reperfusion: A role for intracellular high-mobility group box 1 in cellular protection
Authors: Hai Huang, Gary W. Nace, Kerry-Ann McDonald, Sheng Tai, John R. Klune, Brian R. Rosborough, Qing Ding, Patricia Loughran, Xiaorong Zhu, Donna Beer-Stolz, Eugene B. Chang, Timothy Billiar, Allan Tsung
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant chromatin-associated nuclear protein and released into the extracellular milieu during liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), signaling activation of proinflammatory cascades. Because the intracellular function of HMGB1 during sterile inflammation of I/R is currently unknown, we sought to determine the role of intracellular HMGB1 in hepatocytes after liver I/R. When hepatocyte-specific HMGB1 knockout (HMGB1-HC-KO) and control mice were subjected to a nonlethal warm liver I/R, it was found that HMGB1-HC-KO mice had significantly greater hepatocellular injury after I/R, compared to control mice. Additionally, there was significantly greater DNA damage and decreased chromatin accessibility to repair with lack of HMGB1. Furthermore, lack of hepatocyte HMGB1 led to excessive poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 activation, exhausting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine triphosphate stores, exacerbating mitochondrial instability and damage, and, consequently, leading to increased cell death. We found that this was also associated with significantly more oxidative stress (OS) in HMGB1-HC-KO mice, compared to control. Increased nuclear instability led to a resultant increase in the release of histones with subsequently more inflammatory cytokine production and organ damage through activation of Toll-like receptor 9. Conclusion : The lack of HMGB1 within hepatocytes leads to increased susceptibility to cellular death after OS conditions. (Hepatology 2014;59:1984–1997)
From the authors
Authors: S. Nseir
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Tracheotomy and ventilator-associated pneumonia: the importance of oral careTo the Editors:We read with interest the recent study of NSEIR et al. [1], which demonstrated that tracheotomy was independently associated with a decreased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).The authors offered several potential explanations as to why tracheotomised patients should be at decreased risk of VAP compared to patients with translaryngeal intubation.These included liberation of the vocal cords, resulting in a reduced risk of aspiration of contaminated oropharyngeal secretions into the lung and the reduction in bacterial biofilm formation associated with regular changing of the tracheotomy cannula, and facilitation of weaning, leading to a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation.
Intravenous Catheter for Thoracentesis and Pericardiocentesis
Authors: Paul A. Kirschner
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Needle thoracentesis runs a high risk of iatrogenically produced pneumothorax caused by puncture of the expanding lung. As a thoracic surgeon, I am all too frequently called on to insert a chest tube to expand the collapsed lung. This problem can be almost completely eliminated by using the commercially available intravenous catheter (Bardic 1814R inside needle catheter with stylet; needle gauge, 14; catheter length, 30.5 cm) or its equivalent, attached to a three-way stopcock and syringe. Once the catheter has been introduced, the danger of puncturing the underlying lung is eliminated. The patient need not be immobile or fear to cough. Aspiration is more thorough. Medication such as quinacrine (Atabrine) hydrochloride can be introduced with ease. The physician is more comfortable. This technique has been applied to pericardiocentesis,<sup>1</sup>with the same salutary results, so as to avoid lacerating the heart.
Celiac disease: pathogenesis of a model immunogenetic disease
Authors: Martin F. Kagnoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Celiac disease is characterized by small-intestinal mucosal injury and nutrient malabsorption in genetically susceptible individuals in response to the dietary ingestion of wheat gluten and similar proteins in barley and rye. Disease pathogenesis involves interactions among environmental, genetic, and immunological factors. Although celiac disease is predicted by screening studies to affect approximately 1% of the population of the United States and is seen both in children and in adults, 10%–15% or fewer of these individuals have been diagnosed and treated. This article focuses on the role of adaptive and innate immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of celiac disease and how current concepts of immunopathogenesis might provide alternative approaches for treating celiac disease.