tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of transforming growth factor- 1 (TGF- 1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) genes during arterial repair in the pig
Authors: S. J. Wysocki, M.-H. Zheng, Y. Fan, M.D. Lamawansa, A. K. House, P. E. Norman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The transition from quiescence to proliferation in vitro is accompanied by early expression of proliferation-associated genes encoding products including cytokines and enzymes. We aimed to investigate TGF-beta1, u-PA and PAI-1 gene expressions in relation to proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein gene expressions in porcine arteries following injury.Right iliac arteries of juvenile pigs were de-endothelialised and harvested at fixed times after injury. RNA was then extracted and analysed by Northern blot analysis. RNA transcripts in thickened neointima of arteries were examined by in situ hybridisation using digoxygenin-labelled cDNA probes.TGF-beta1, u-PA and PAI-1 transcripts were rapidly elevated (2-8h) and preceded a peak in histone mRNA at 24h after arterial injury. A second prolonged rise in TGF-beta1 mRNA at 4d coincided with elevated ECM protein gene expression. TGF-beta1 gene expression was detected in neointimal cells lining the arterial lumen at 4wk after injury.The timings of increases in TGF-beta1, u-PA and PAI-1 mRNAs in injured arteries are consistent with contributions to processes prior to proliferation. The observation of a second protracted elevation in TGF-beta1 expression is supportive of an additional role in stimulation of ECM protein synthesis. Functional specialisation exists within the thickened intima of arteries late in repair.
Distinguising features of left anterior fascicular block and inferior myocardial infarction as presented by body surface potential mapping.
Authors: G S Sohi, N C Flowers
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Total body surface maps obtained from 19 patients with previous inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) were compared with maps obtained from 19 patients with left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) and six more patients in whom electrocardiographic changes were indistinguishable between IMI and LAFB. Three distinguishing features were detected: 1) abnormal high anterior positivity developed both in IMI and LAFB, but its onset was earlier in LAFB; 2) a broad rim of abnormal right lower negativity was seen in both groups, but in IMI it was within the first 40 msec, whereas in LAFB it was found in the middle and later parts of depolarization; 3) abnormal left lower negativity was seen in all the patients with LAFB, but was absent in IMI. Thus, despite similarities in the abnormalities detected, we found definite temporal and topographical differences that should aid in differentiating between IMI and LAFB in ambiguous cases.
Gallium Nitrate for Advanced Paget Disease of Bone: Effectiveness and Dose-Response Analysis
Authors: Raymond P. Warrell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To evaluate whether a brief course of treatment with gallium nitrate can reduce biochemical parameters of accelerated bone turnover in patients with advanced Paget disease. Design: Unblinded trial, decreasing dose schedules of gallium nitrate. Setting: University hospital with primary orthopedic and metabolic bone disease specialty. Patients: Ten patients with advanced Paget disease who had previously received conventional therapy consisting of calcitonin, etidronate, or mithramycin. Interventions: Five patients were entered into each of three dose schedules: 2. 5 mg/kg body weight per day by continuous intravenous infusion for 7 days; 0.5 mg/kg per day for 14 days by subcutaneous injection; and 0.25 mg/kg per day for 14 days by subcutaneous injection. Several patients were treated with different dose schedules. Patients were followed until relapse. Results: Fifteen courses of treatment were administered to ten patients. Reductions in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion were observed after treatment with each dose schedule. After treatment with high, intermediate, and low doses, the median maximum decreases in serum alkaline phosphatase activity were 49%, 39%, and 18%, respectively. The median maximum decreases in urinary hydroxyproline excretion were 50%, 52%, and 16%, respectively. The maximum decrease in urinary hydroxyproline excretion occurred within a median of 2 weeks from the start of treatment, whereas the maximum decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activity occurred substantially later at a median of 6 weeks. All treatment schedules were well tolerated. Response duration was highly variable (range, 6 to 42 weeks). Conclusions: Short-term treatment with gallium nitrate can reduce biochemical parameters of disease activity in patients with advanced Paget disease of bone. Larger trials using low-dose intermittent treatment schedules are required to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this therapy.
A DERMATOLOGICAL SURVEY OF LONG-STAY MENTAL PATIENTS.
Authors: CECIL B. KIDD, J. CALDBECK MEENAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article A DERMATOLOGICAL SURVEY OF LONG‐STAY MENTAL PATIENTS. Get access CECIL B. KIDD, M.B., D.P.M., CECIL B. KIDD, M.B., D.P.M. Senior Registrar in Psychiatry, Purdysburn Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. CALDBECK MEENAN, M.B., D.P.M. J. CALDBECK MEENAN, M.B., D.P.M. Registrar in Psychiatry, Purdysburn Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 4, 1 April 1961, Pages 129–133, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14420.x Published: 01 April 1961
FDA approves Aspartame as soft-drink sweetener
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Aspartame (NutraSweet), an artificial sweetener discovered when a chemist licked his fingers, now can be used in soft drinks in this country. The Food and Drug Administration announced the approval in July. It follows the 1981 FDA approval of aspartame "as a free-flowing sugar substitute for dining table use; as a tablet for hot beverages and for use in cold cereals; as a dry base sweetener for powdered beverages, instant coffee and tea, gelatins, puddings, fillings, and dessert toppings; and as a flavoring agent in chewing gum." The FDA said its evaluation of this new use "included reviewing recent animal and limited human studies" by Richard J. Wurtman, MD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge. Wurtman, who is professor of neuroendocrinology in MIT's Department of Nutrition, says additional studies are needed to determine if brain neurotransmitters may be affected when aspartame is consumed in a carbonated beverage at the same
Endoscopic Sclerotherapy or Selective Embolisation of Esophageal Varices. An Endoscopic and Portographic Study in an Experimental Model
Authors: L. S. Jensen, N. Krarup, C. Juhl, T. H. Nielsen, J. A. Larsen
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

In an experimental animal model with portal hypertension and esophageal varices, endoscopic sclerotherapy of the varices with Aethoxysclerol was compared with selective embolisation of the coronary vein with absolute ethanol. After 4 courses of endoscopic sclerotherapy the varices were permanently obliterated, as documented by portography and endoscopy. Selective embolisation also caused obliteration of the coronary vein and varices, but early and repeated recanalisation occurred, and permanent obliteration was only obtained when embolisation was combined with endoscopic sclerotherapy. Portal vein thrombosis occurred when embolisation was repeated more than 3 times. Hepatic blood flow was significantly higher in animals treated by endoscopic sclerotherapy than in nontreated controls and animals treated by selective embolisation alone.
Drug Reaction Committees in Hospitals
Authors: Dale G. Friend
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE TREMENDOUS DEVELOPMENTS in medicinal and industrial chemistry in the past 2 decades have made available an ever-increasing number of new drug entities and have greatly increased the use of chemicals in daily life. As a consequence, the human organism is being exposed to a host of new substances with chemical and pharmacological properties that are different from any known or experienced previously. Exposure of segments of the population to certain widely used agents has resulted in the appearance of many diverse and previously unrecognized types of reactions. This fact has resulted in the discovery that apparently normal individuals may have an impaired ability to detoxify or metabolize certain chemical agents because of inherent defects in their cellular metabolism. The result of this impairment is the appearance of many more, and far less easily recognized or understood drug reactions.  At the turn of the century, nearly all drug reactions were
Firing Rate Homeostasis in Visual Cortex of Freely Behaving Rodents
Authors: Keith B. Hengen, Mary E. Lambo, Stephen D. Van Hooser, Donald B. Katz, Gina G. Turrigiano
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Highlights•Cortical neurons in vivo return to a homeostatic firing rate set point when perturbed•Firing rate homeostasis is expressed in a cell-type-specific manner•Homeostatic firing rate set points are expressed across sleep and wake states•Firing rate homeostasis is correlated with the induction of synaptic scalingSummaryIt has been postulated that homeostatic mechanisms maintain stable circuit function by keeping neuronal firing within a set point range, but such firing rate homeostasis has never been demonstrated in vivo. Here we use chronic multielectrode recordings to monitor firing rates in visual cortex of freely behaving rats during chronic monocular visual deprivation (MD). Firing rates in V1 were suppressed over the first 2 day of MD but then rebounded to baseline over the next 2–3 days despite continued MD. This drop and rebound in firing was accompanied by bidirectional changes in mEPSC amplitude measured ex vivo. The rebound in firing was independent of sleep-wake state but was cell type specific, as putative FS and regular spiking neurons responded to MD with different time courses. These data establish that homeostatic mechanisms within the intact CNS act to stabilize neuronal firing rates in the face of sustained sensory perturbations.
'Baggietherapy': simple pain relief for arthritic knees
Authors: Jaan Kangilaski
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Ice cubes in a plastic bag applied to the knees of patients with rheumatoid arthritis can result in considerable alleviation of knee pain. Nancy C. Hogan, PT, John C. Lockard, PhD, and Peter D. Utsinger, MD, of Germantown Medical Center, Philadelphia, reported on their experiences with the technique they call "Baggietherapy" at the recent Arthritis Health Professions Association meeting in Boston. The report dealt with 24 patients who had bilateral knee synovitis. The investigators have started a larger, prospective study to document the effectiveness of what they consider a near-ideal analgesic—inexpensive, simple, and without harmful side effects. "A large fraction of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis continue to complain of pain despite drug therapy," Utsinger explained at a press conference. "Knee pain, in particular, is a common complaint. Heat treatment has been used traditionally, in part because heat is a good muscle relaxant, and also because it can actually lead
THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND RADICAL CURE OF CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE.A STUDY OF FIFTY CASES AND PRESENTATION OF A RADICAL OPERATION.
Authors: HUGH H. YOUNG
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In the October number of the<i>Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin</i>I described briefly an operation for the radical cure of carcinoma of the prostate based on a study of forty cases.<sup>1</sup>Since then I have had ten additional cases. In the paper referred to I discussed first six cases which were seen early in the disease, in which a diagnosis of benign hypertrophy was incorrectly made and a partial operation therefore performed. (Bottini operation, 4; suprapubic prostatectomy, 1; perineal prostatectomy, 1.) All these patients subsequently returned with unmistakable evidence of cancer, and only one is alive today. A study of the pathology of these cases, along with the symptomatology and clinical findings, showed that all presented certain features which may now be taken as suggestive of cancer. A study of thirty cases without operation and eight autopsies showed that cancer of the prostate may begin as a small indurated
Intangibles in Medicine: An Attempt at a Balancing Perspective
Authors: Norman Cousins
Journal: JAMA (1988)

UNDERSTANDABLY, reaction has set in against efforts to emphasize the importance of psychological factors in the treatment of patients. Medical periodicals have carried articles and letters from physicians who feel they are being pushed by imponderables in the wrong direction. The following letter is a composite of reactions: I am not interested in charming or entertaining my patients or winning popularity contests. I want to give them the benefit of my special knowledge and ability. If I myself were seriously ill, I would have no difficulty in expressing my preference for a physician who is capable of making an absolutely correct diagnosis and who would know exactly what has to be done—rather than choose a physician who is adept at sweet talk, or in making friends and influencing people, or in gaining recognition as one hell of a fine fellow. This letter and dozens like it are the understandable response
Trauma in Pregnancy
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In our increasingly technological, mobile, and industrial society, trauma is an almost inescapable by-product. This book addresses itself to trauma as it affects the pregnant woman. More than 50 million Americans are injured, and 130,000 are killed annually in various types of accidents; it is reported that 7% of pregnant women sustain some form of injury. In a Minnesota Mortality Study, 26% of nonobstetric maternal deaths were caused by trauma. This is duplicated in an unofficial review of the findings of the Chicago Maternal Mortality Committee for 1978. <i>Trauma in Pregnancy</i>is well written, although there is overlapping of information and advice that is almost inherent in a multiauthor, multidiscipline book, but the repeated recommendation to turn the patient to one side to relieve pressure on the vena cava is too much. An early chapter on anatomic and physiological alterations of pregnancy that modify the response to trauma is of
773-3 Inhibition of Neointimal Proliferation with a Beta Particle Emitting Stent
Authors: John R. Laird, Andrew J. Carter, William M. Kufs, Timothy G. Hoopes, Andrew Farb, Sepideh Nott, Robert E. Fischell, David R. Fischell, Renu Virmani, Timothy A. Fischell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
High-dose intravenous immune globulin is also effective in linear IgA disease
Authors: M.M. Kroiss, T. Vogt, M. Landthaler, W. Stolz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

S ir, We read with great interest the recent article by Harman and Black 1 which demonstrated a benefit of high‐dose intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) in several autoimmune blistering diseases including epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, bullous pemphigoid, nodular pemphigoid, pemphigus gestationis and pemphigus vulgaris. We would like to draw attention to linear IgA disease (LAD) as another bullous autoimmune dermatosis where we have observed a convincing response to IVIG. A 45‐year‐old man presented with polymorphic lesions including erythematous papules, urticarial weals, annular erythema and small blisters predominantly on both legs and the trunk. Diagnosis of LAD was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence, which showed linear deposits of IgA at the basement membrane zone and subepidermal blistering with aggregates of neutrophils within the papillae in routine histology (haematoxylin and eosin). No circulating IgA anti‐endomysium antibodies were observed. Therapy with dapsone 100 mg daily in combination with methylprednisolone 40 mg daily for 6 months, followed by cyclosporin 250 mg daily in combination with low‐dose methylprednisolone 10 mg daily for several months gave only slight response. Higher doses of dapsone could not be administered because of elevated levels of methaemoglobin. In contrast, within several days of administration of IVIG 2 mg/kg body mass divided over 5 days (Sandoglobulin, Sandoz, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg, Germany) the lesions cleared, and blistering was suppressed for a period of 4 weeks. Readministration of IVIG at the same dose and permanent therapy with methylprednisolone 10 mg daily were continued for several cycles. During this treatment, only a few erythematous episodes occurred after 4 weeks (prior to the next cycle of therapy), and blistering was suppressed completely. Response of LAD to IVIG was recently also described by Khan et al. 2 The way in which IVIG modulates the immune system in LAD might be similar to one of the known mechanisms, such as Fc receptor blockade, anti‐idiotypic antibodies or modulation of cytokines. 3, 4
OSVZ progenitors of human and ferret neocortex are epithelial-like and expand by integrin signaling
Authors: Simone A Fietz, Iva Kelava, Johannes Vogt, Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger, Denise Stenzel, Jennifer L Fish, Denis Corbeil, Axel Riehn, Wolfgang Distler, Robert Nitsch, Wieland B Huttner
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2010)
Points: How is gastroenteritis treated?
Authors: J. Rawlinson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Serial 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations were measured in long-stay geriatric patients treated with vitamin D. Comparison between a treatment and a control group showed that a daily dose of 500 IU vitamin D produced a significant increase in 25-OHD levels by two months. The supplement had a striking effect when the initial 25-OHD level was low and very little effect when it was high. 25-OHD levels in subjects on 2000 IU vitamin D daily were only marginally higher than those in subjects on 500 IU. A dose of 500 IU vitamin D daily should therefore produce adequate blood 25-OHD concentrations in most old people, and probably prevent most cases of osteomalacia in the elderly--though a large-scale study is needed to confirm this.
Experimental and modeling study of the excitability of carotid sinus baroreceptors.
Authors: J F van Brederode, J L Seagard, C Dean, F A Hopp, J P Kampine
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

In this study we examined the effects of blockade of a transient K+ current with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on the static stimulus-response relation of myelinated carotid sinus baroreceptors (n = 8), using a vascularly isolated sinus preparation in sodium thiopental-anesthetized dogs. In one class of baroreceptors (type I), which did not fire spontaneously below the pressure threshold (Pth), 4-AP (10(-5) to 10(-4) M) decreased Pth in a dose-dependent manner and transformed the stimulus-response relation from a discontinuous, hyperbolic shape to a sigmoidal, continuous curve. After exposure to 10(-4) M of 4-AP, baroreceptors were spontaneously active below Pth. These effects of 4-AP were more pronounced in baroreceptors with a high control Pth and were independent of enhanced neurotransmitter release or changes in carotid sinus distensibility. In contrast, 4-AP had relatively little effect on type II baroreceptors, which under control conditions are characterized by a continuous, sigmoidal stimulus-response curve. We believe that these effects of 4-AP on baroreceptor discharge were mediated by blockade of a transient K+ conductance that was present at the receptor spike-initiation zone. This hypothesis was examined using a mathematical model based on the Hodgkin-Huxley axon, but modified to include the transient K+ conductance. The modeling results showed that the minimum current necessary to elicit action potential firing is an extremely sensitive function of the magnitude of this K+ conductance, supporting our experimental results obtained with 4-AP. Our findings suggest that a transient K+ conductance might play a role in the determination of Pth and that differences between type I and II receptors could be the result of differences in the effectiveness of this conductance in controlling spike-initiation zone excitability.
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Renal Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus From Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Renal cell carcinoma is a hypervascular tumor with a high propensity to invade adjacent renal veins and inferior vena cava. Preoperative cross-sectional imaging is very important to detect the presence and characterize the tumor extension. Magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and Doppler ultrasound have been used with success to assess venous tumor thrombus. Although positron emission tomography (PET) is limited in the evaluation of primary urologic malignancy, this imaging modality may help in oncologic staging. The author presents a case of bilateral renal cell carcinoma with F-18 FDG PET demonstration of right renal vein and inferior vena cava tumor invasion.
Gallium Avid Lyme Myocarditis
Authors: ROBERT J. RIENZO, DONALD E. MOREL, DAVID PRAGER, LLOYD BARRON, ROBERT POST
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Lyme myocarditis is an uncommon cause of Ga-67 uptake in the heart. The case of a 43-year-old female admitted with a one week history of a fever of unknown origin is presented. In the course of her workup, a gallium scan was performed which demonstrated intense myocardial labeling. A transvenous endomyocardial biopsy revealed acute and early chronic myocarditis with severe eosinophilia. A subsequent indirect immunofluorescence assay was strongly positive for Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes, consistent with the diagnosis of Lyme disease.
Abstract C65: Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a potent regulator of cancer malignant progression through the heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor activation
Authors: Naohiko Koshikawa, Motoharu Seiki
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract MT1-MMP is a potent proinvasive and growth promoting membrane protease in cancer. The roles of MT1-MMP are mediated by its pericellular proteolysis activity. Major substrates of MT1-MMP are collagen I and other extracellular matrices. MT1-MMP also cleaves membrane proteins and modulates their biological activities in cancer progression. However, little is known about the cell surface substrates of MT1-MMP and identification of the substrates should enable a better understanding of its multiple biological functions. Therefore to identify new substrates of MT1-MMP, we purified proteins associating with MT1-MMP in human carcinoma cells and analyzed them by mass spectrometry. As results, we identified over 40 membrane proteins, and found HB-EGF is a novel component of MT1-MMP complex. MT1-MMP cleaves HB-EGF and removes the N-terminal region that is important for binding heparin. Consequently the HB-EGF processing by MT1-MMP converts it into a heparin-independent growth factor with enhanced mitogenic activity and thereby expression of both proteins co-stimulates tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore ovarian ascites carcinoma cells expressed both MT1-MMP and HB-EGF at high levels and produced MT1-MMP-cleaved HB-EGF in the ascitic fluids. These data suggest that MT1-MMP acts as a regulator of cancer progression on the cell surface. Citation Format: Naohiko Koshikawa, Motoharu Seiki. Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a potent regulator of cancer malignant progression through the heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor activation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C65.