tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Newborn With Mild, Self-resolving Respiratory Distress
Authors: Chiara Oretti, Matteo Bramuzzo, Antonella Trappan, Floriana Zennaro, Sergio Demarini
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Factors Influencing Regional Myocardial Contractile Response to Inotropic Stimulation
Authors: Hal A. Skopicki, Stephen A. Abraham, Neil J. Weissman, Anil K. Mukerjee, Nathaniel M. Alpert, Alan J. Fischman, Michael H. Picard, Henry Gewirtz
Journal: Circulation (1996)

We hypothesized that the response of a myocardial segment to maximal dobutamine reflects not only maximal blood flow but also tethering, metabolic, and beta-blocker status.Patients with stable ischemic heart disease (n = 27) had positron emission tomographic measurement of blood flow at rest and with adenosine, and echocardiography at rest and with dobutamine. Positron emission tomographic measurement of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose myocardial distribution also was made. Adenosine blood flow in segments that contracted normally at peak dobutamine was similar to that of segments that became hypokinetic (1.06 +/- 0.72 versus 1.02 +/- 0.77 mL.g-1.min-1). Segments that became akinetic failed to augment blood flow (0.68 +/- 0.30 mL.g-1.min-1). Fluorodeoxyglucose-blood flow mismatch was more common in segments with abnormal wall motion at peak dobutamine (24 of 59, 41%) versus those that contracted normally (63 of 269, 23%; chi 2, 7.40; P < .01). In patients off beta-blockers, segments that contracted normally at peak dobutamine increased blood flow with adenosine (0.70 +/- 0.31 to 0.86 +/- 0.46 mL.g-1.min-1; P < .05), whereas those that became abnormal did not (0.63 +/- 0.24 to 0.65 +/- 0.19 mL.g-1.min-1; P = NS). Segments of patients on beta-blockers that contracted normally at peak dobutamine increased blood flow with adenosine (0.78 +/- 0.31 to 1.10 +/- 0.70 mL.g-1.min-1; P < .05), as did segments that became abnormal (0.74 +/- 0.34 to 1.06 +/- 0.82 mL.g-1.min-1; P = NS). However, segments adjacent to ones with abnormal wall motion at rest had higher frequency of abnormal response at peak dobutamine in groups on (48% versus 16%; chi 2, 14.1; P < .001) and off (51% versus 21%; chi 2, 10.9; P < .01) beta-blockers.Augmented contraction at maximal dobutamine depends not only on increased myocardial blood flow but also on tethering, metabolic, and beta-blocker status. Furthermore, impaired flow reserve does not preclude a normal response to maximal dobutamine, since blood flow need not increase greatly to meet demand.
AN INVESTIGATION OF READING DIFFICULTY IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: THEODORE D. TJOSSEM, THOMAS J. HANSEN, HERBERT S. RIPLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

The purpose of this study has been to assess historical and test material in order to arrive at a basis for making an early diagnosis of reading difficulty in young children. An intensive study of 24 children with reading difficulty has provided the basis for the following conclusions: 1. A careful medical history which explores the family background for reading problems and problems of lateral dominance, and which makes inquiry into the details of pregnancy and early development can contribute significantly to the diagnosis of reading difficulty. The majority of the children with reading difficulty were found to show a family history characterized by reading problems and/or laterality other than right in 2 or more generations. Atypical pregnancy, birth, or neonatal development was characteristic of other children with reading difficulty and subtle central nervous system dysfunction seems likely to be a factor in the reading performance of these children. 2. Stress reactions in otherwise healthy, intelligent children of early school age should cause the physician to consider the possibility of reading difficulty in his evaluation of the child. 3. In young children of normal intelligencce, skills of visual perception appear to be more closely associated with success in reading than general intelligence. Among these perceptual skills is the ability to hold perceived figures in true spatial orientation over brief intervals in the absence of the immediate stimulus, and the ability to find and hold simple figures in more complex ones. The Embedded Figures Test and the Reversible Figures Test provide a method of quantitative assessment of these abilities and are suggested as helpful diagnostic tools. 4. Low scores on the digit memory span and coding sub-tests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children appear as possible indicators of reading difficulty in young children and should alert the diagnostician to the need for further study of this possibility. 5. The addition of kinesthetic cues in reading instruction appears to have been of little benefit to the slow readers in learning word lists. 6. The hair whorl sign, as a measure of congenital laterality, appears to be significantly related to the problem of reading difficulty. That a shift from congenital laterality to environmentally determined laterality might be a factor in the determination of early reading problems is suggested by this study.
Characterization of a third form of the human T cell receptor gamma/delta.
Authors: F Hochstenbach, C Parker, J McLean, V Gieselmann, H Band, I Bank, L Chess, H Spits, J L Strominger, J G Seidman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

A subpopulation of the CD3+ peripheral T lymphocytes express the TCR-gamma/delta complex. Three distinct TCR-gamma forms that differ in size and in the ability to form a disulfide bridge with the TCR-delta subunit have been described. In this study we analyze the structural difference between the non-disulfide-linked 55-kD and 40-kD TCR-gamma chains. The 40-kD TCR-gamma form contains a smaller polypeptide backbone and carries less carbohydrate compared with the 55-kD TCR-gamma form. A cDNA clone corresponding to the 40-kD TCR-gamma subunit lacks one copy of the second exon of the constant region that is present in the other TCR-gamma subunit. This exon copy encodes part of the connector region that is located between the constant domain and the membrane spanning region. We show that the number of potential N-linked glycan attachment sites are the same for the two TCR-gamma forms. Since these attachment sites are located in the connector region we conclude that the connector region influences the amount of N-linked carbohydrates added to the core TCR-gamma polypeptide, probably by affecting the conformation of the protein. In contrast to the TCR-beta constant region usage, the TCR-gamma constant regions are unequally expressed. Virtually exclusive usage of disulfide-linked complexes were found in some individuals, while both the disulfide-linked and the 40-kD, non-disulfide-linked TCR-gamma forms were detected in other subjects. The ability to distinguish these TCR-gamma/delta forms now makes it possible to study the mechanisms that govern their selection and to determine if they correspond to functionally distinct isotypes.
The size of the disease relevant IgE antibody fraction in relation to ‘total‐IgE’ predicts the efficacy of anti‐IgE (Xolair<sup>®</sup>) treatment
Authors: S. G. O. Johansson, A. Nopp, H. Öman, J. Ankerst, L. O. Cardell, R. Grönneberg, H. Matsols, S. Rudblad, V. Strand, G. Stålenheim
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Background: Some patients with allergic asthma treated with anti‐IgE (Xolair ® ) do not become symptom free. Better criteria for response assessment than allergy skin tests or IgE determination are needed. The impact of the size of the disease relevant allergen‐specific IgE antibody fraction, i.e. the percentage of IgE antibody of total IgE, was evaluated in cat allergic patients treated with the recommended doses of Xolair ® . Results were measured as changes in basophil allergen threshold sensitivity (CD‐sens). Methods: In a double‐blind placebo controlled trial 20 patients with a high (&gt;3.8%) and 18 with a low (&lt;1%) percentage of IgE antibodies to cat were given Xolair ® for 16 weeks and the change in CD‐sens was compared to 11 and 10 patients, respectively, in each group receiving placebo. Results: The CD‐sens dropped significantly in both the high ( P &lt; 0.001) and low ( P &lt; 0.001) group on Xolair ® but did not change significantly after placebo. For Xolair ® ‐treated patients, at the end of the trial there was a highly significant ( P &lt; 0.001) difference in CD‐sens between the high group, where no patients, and the low group, where 13/18 patients, had become negative. Conclusions: The currently recommended doses of Xolair ® very efficiently eliminate IgE antibodies if the IgE antibody fraction is &lt;1% of total IgE but has not enough effect on allergen sensitivity if the fraction is &gt;3–4%. Further studies will show if increased doses of Xolair ® would help also these patients, who seem to represent about 1/3 of the patient population.
Serendipity and insight in immunology.
Authors: J H Humphrey
Journal: BMJ (1986)

numbers of children in child sex rings may be common.The lack of information about such abuse is easily understood in the light of the pressures used by perpetrators to ensure that ring activities are kept secret.The known tendency of children to retract statements after disclosure of sexual abuse also makes investigation of sex rings particularly difficult.12Parents, public, and professionals must be trained to consider the possibility, and to recognise the warning signs, that a child may be taking part in a sex ring.Children need guidance on how to recognise and avoid inappropriate sexual activities from an early age.'3They should be encouraged to inform adults immediately of attempted abuse even when this is accom- panied by threats or other inducements to maintain secrecy.
THE EFFECT OF A SYNTHETIC ANTIMALARIAL (AMODIAQUINE) ON THE RETINA.
Authors: ANNE MAGUIRE, HELGA KOLB
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article THE EFFECT OF A SYNTHETIC ANTIMALARIAL (AMODIAQUINE) ON THE RETINA. Get access ANNE MAGUIRE, M.B., M.R.C.P., ANNE MAGUIRE, M.B., M.R.C.P. late Senior Registrar, Department, of Dermatology, University College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HELGA KOLB, M.Sc. HELGA KOLB, M.Sc. Institute of Ophthalmology, Judd Street, London, W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 11, 1 November 1964, Pages 471–474, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb15487.x Published: 01 November 1964
Neonatal Morbidity and Nursery Function
Authors: Murdina M. Desmond
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In 6,211 live-born infants born to mothers of low socioeconomic status, approximately one half received routine care, one quarter were held for evaluation, and one quarter manifested morbidity (illness or malformation). In term infants morbidity was low, but the number of sick infants was high; the reverse was true of low-birth-weight infants. Morbidity-to-death ratios were 37:1 in term infants, and 5:1 in low-birth-weight infants. Ten percent of survivors had a known problem at discharge. To permit the rapid application of present knowledge, changes in philosophy of nursery care are necessary. Traditional nurseries operate on the assumption that newborn infants are healthy until proved ill. A nursery functioning on the assumption that all newly born infants are potentially ill until good health is demonstrated may offer advantages.
Distinct tumour necrosis factor , interferon , interleukin 10, and cytotoxic T cell antigen 4 gene polymorphisms in disease occurrence and end stage renal disease in Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: B M Spriewald, O Witzke, R Wassmuth, R R Wenzel, M-L Arnold, T Philipp, J R Kalden
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Cytokines and T cell regulatory proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG).To investigate cytokine and cytotoxic T cell antigen-4 (CTLA4) gene polymorphisms and HLA class II alleles in generalised WG.The distribution of cytokine and cytotoxic T cell antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene polymorphisms and HLA class II alleles was analysed in 32 patients with generalised WG and 91 healthy controls. Genotyping was carried out for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 and for polymorphism of the genes encoding TNF alpha (-238, -308, -376), TGF beta (codon 10 and 25), IFN gamma (+874), IL6 (-174), IL10 (-592, -819, -1082), CTLA4 (-318, +49), and the (AT)(n) repeats of the CTLA4 gene. In addition, stratification analysis was carried out according to the presence (n = 15) or absence (n = 17) of end stage renal disease.An increase in the IFN gamma +874 T/T (odds ratio (OR) = 3.14) and TNF alpha -238 G/A (OR = 5.01) genotypes was found in WG patients. When ESRD positive and negative patients were compared, the IFN gamma +874 A/A and the CTLA4 -318 C/C genotypes were found more often in the ESRD subgroup (OR = 10.6 and OR = 2.25). WG patients without ESRD had a higher frequency of the IL10 GCC/ACC promotor genotype (OR = 0.13) and long CTLA4 (AT)(n) repeats (OR = 0.4). No effect was seen for HLA-DR and -DQ markers.Disease susceptibility and clinical course in WG may be associated with distinct polymorphisms of cytokine and CTLA4 genes.
DEMONSTRATION OF AGGLUTININS FOR BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS
Authors: Calderon Howe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. Methods of preparing a satisfactory antigen having been developed, a technique for performing an agglutination test with B. bacilliformis is made available. 2. As a result of repeated intravenous injection of living cultures of B. bacilliformis at short intervals, rabbits have been found to produce a high titre of specific agglutinins which, under the conditions obtaining in the present series of experiments, begins to decline after about one month following the last inoculation. 3. Sera from six cases of bartonellosis in different stages of its several manifestations have been shown by the agglutination test to contain a low but definite titre of circulating antibody. 4. Several of these same sera have been shown to contain as well a significantly high titre of agglutinins for three strains of Proteus. No definite conclusions can be drawn from this phenomenon since the case histories had not been probed for the possibility of typhus fever; and since the relatively high titres obtained with a few of the present sera may very well fall within the extremes of normal serum titres.
Postural assessment and joint instability in athletes of federated Brazilian swimmers
Authors: G A Meliscki, L Z Monterio, D Maman, A Medeiros, C A Giglico
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Swimming training imposes a considerable stress about the joint and musculoskeletal structures. This study aimed to identify the postural changes and joint instabilities of federated Brazilian swimming. The authors evaluated 60 swimmers, 29 (48%) women and 31 (52%) men, with an average age of 20±3 years. To appraise the joint instabilities, the authors performed the drawer tests on anterior and posterior shoulder, sulcus test, drawer test anterior and posterior knee, stress test abduction (valgus) and stress test adduction (varus). Statistical analysis used SAS V.9 software and the exact Fisher's test. The main swimming styles were crawl (42%) and butterfly stroke (25%) and the practice time was 9±4 years. In women, the main alterations were: hyperkyphosis chest and knee hyperextension (66%), rotation of left shoulder girdle (52%), convex right scoliosis (45%). In men: hyperkyphosis chest (71%), knee hyperextension (68%) and low back pain (58%). The authors verified an association between the genres and alterations in lumbar spine (p=0.01), that 12 women had convex right scoliosis and 22 men did not have. The authors did not observe an association between the genres in relation with joint instabilities, but the women showed instability in the shoulders (76%), and the men laxity of the lateral collateral ligament (74%) and instability in the shoulders (61%). The overload of this sport is more visible in the region of the shoulder, area of more frequency of lesions found in this work, requiring intensive programmes of prevention and accompaniment of these athletes of swimming competition.
ORAL IMMUNIZATION AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPES II AND III AND THE NORMAL VARIATION IN RESISTANCE TO THESE TYPES AMONG RATS
Authors: Victor Ross
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. Considerable variation in the resistance of different rats toward Type II pneumococcus has been demonstrated. In general, older rats survive much greater doses than young ones, illustrating the acquisition of a natural partial immunity. The same is true for Type III but the immunity appears somewhat later in life and does not reach the same height. 2. An active immunity can be created against Types II and III in rats by feeding the dead organisms or the Berkefeld filtrate of the bile salt-dissolved cells. This immunity resembles that obtained against Type I in several respects.
Effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on kidney hemodynamics and function in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ryohichi Nakano, Tadashi Iwao, Kazuhiko Oho, Naofumi Ono, Teruhiro Sakai, Masahiro Sato, Makoto Yamawaki, Yasunao Miyamoto, Kenji Sakai, Teiko Takeda, Osamu Tsuruta, Michio Sata, Atsushi Toyonaga
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
The relationship of respiratory failure to the oxygen consumption of, lactate production by, and distribution of blood flow among respiratory muscles during increasing inspiratory resistance.
Authors: C H Robertson, G H Foster, R L Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

An animal model was developed to determine if blood flow to the respiratory muscles limits oxygen delivery and thus work output during inspiratory resistance. With incremental increases in the rate of work of breathing to 15 times the resting level, blood flow to the diaphragm rose exponentially 26-fold. Blood flow to other inspiratory and a few expiratory muscles increased to a much smaller extent, often only at the greater work loads. Cardiac output and blood pressure did not change. Arterial-venous oxygen content difference across the diaphragm became maximal at low work rates and thereafter all increases in oxygen delivery during higher work rates were accomplished by increments in blood flow. Oxygen consumption of the respiratory musculature calculated by blood flow times oxygen extraction increased exponentially with increasing work of breathing and was less than the increase in total body oxygen consumption at each work load. Hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis occurred when the animals inspired through the highest resistance; blood flow and oxygen consumption were even higher than that observed during previous resistances and there was no evidence of a shift to anaerobic metabolsim in blood lactate and pyruvate levels. Respiratory failure did not appear to be a consequence of insufficient blood flow in this model.
Methadone tolerance testing in drug misusers
Authors: Adam Bakker
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Physical activity to prevent obesity in young children Negative outcome or protocol problem?Editor-Although the article by Reilly et al on physical activity to prevent obesity in young children emphasises that adherence to protocol was good, 1 an interview with Reilly on the Today programme (7.20 am, 6 October 2006) cited the difficulty in getting children to increase their activity as much as required-that is, not a negative outcome, but a problem in achieving sufficient increase to make the intervention effective.Which was the case?
Can sinoaortic baroreceptor heart rate reflex sensitivity be determined from phase IV of the Valsalva manoeuvre?
Authors: S. A SMITH, T. J STALLARD, M. M SALIH, W. A LITTLER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

A new time related method of analysing the sinoaortic baroreceptor heart rate reflex, which determines reflex latency as well as sensitivity, was used to compare the results obtained with a phenylephrine ramp method (P) with those obtained using the whole of phase IV of Valsalva (V1) and using the phase IV systolic blood pressure overshoot alone (V2). Twenty five subjects with large ranges of age and resting blood pressures were studied. Each performed two standardised Valsalva manoeuvres and received three bolus injections of phenylephrine sufficient to cause transient pressor responses of 20-30 mmHg. Mean sensitivity values with P (6.2(3.5) ms·mmHg−1) were greater than those with V1 (4.6(2.3) ms·mmHg−1, p<0.001) and less than V2 (7.8(4.0) ms-mmHg−1, p<0.001). However, linear regression analysis showed a correlation of P with V1 (r=0.76, p<0.0001) and with V2 (r=0.80, p<0.0001). Reflex latency with P (1084(427) ms) was less than V1 (2416(423) ms, p<0.0001) and V2 (1504(441) ms, p<0.0005). Reflex sensitivity results obtained using phase IV of Valsalva's manoeuvre are proportionately related to phenylephrine results, but large errors were introduced into the absolute values obtained when relatively small changes were made to the method of analysis.
GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS ANTIBODIES. I. GRIFFITH TYPE AGGLUTININ AND ANTISTREPTOLYSIN TITERS IN NORMAL MEN AND IN ACUTE INFECTIONS
Authors: Lowell A. Rantz, William M. M. Kirby, Alvin H. Jacobs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

The immunological phenomena associated with various aspects of hemolytic streptococcus disease in man have usually been studied by the measure- ment of antitoxins.Most extensive have been
Adrenergic effects on secretion of epidermal growth factor from Brunner's glands.
Authors: P S Olsen, S S Poulsen, P Kirkegaard
Journal: Gut (1985)

The influence of the sympathetic nervous system and adrenergic agonists on flow rate and secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) from Brunner9s glands has been investigated in the rat. Chemical sympathectomy by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine increased volume secretion and output of EGF from Brunner9s glands but depleted the glands of EGF. Infusion of noradrenaline, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, inhibited basal and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) stimulated flow rate and output of EGF from Brunner9s glands and increased the amount of EGF in the tissue. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide also increased the amount of EGF in Brunner9s gland tissue and this was unchanged after simultaneous infusion of VIP and noradrenaline as well as VIP and isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist. Isoproterenol had no effect on basal and VIP stimulated secretion of EGF from Brunner9s glands. The presence of PAS-positive mucus in Brunner9s glands was unchanged during infusion of noradrenaline whereas VIP induced a depletion of Brunner9s gland mucus which in turn was prevented by simultaneous infusion of noradrenaline. This study indicates that the sympathetic nervous system influence the volume secretion, output of EGF and mucus content in Brunner9s glands probably by activation of alpha-adrenergic pathways.