tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Positive predictive value
Authors: S. K Talluri
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 50 year old man presents with a sore throat. You suspect streptococcal pharyngitis and request a rapid streptococcal antigen test. The sensitivity of this test is 80% and the specificity is 95%. The prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis in adults with pharyngitis is 10%. 

What is the likelihood that the patient has streptococcal pharyngitis if the rapid streptococcal antigen test is positive?

a —The likelihood that the patient has streptococcal pharyngitis if the rapid streptococcal antigen test is positive is termed the positive predictive value of the test. In general, the positive predictive value of any test indicates the likelihood that someone with a positive test result actually has the disease.

Predictive values are useful to the clinician as they indicate the likelihood of disease in a patient when the test result is positive (positive predictive value) …
Validation of a Multiprotein Plasma Classifier to Identify Benign Lung Nodules
Authors: Anil Vachani, Harvey I. Pass, William N. Rom, David E. Midthun, Eric S. Edell, Michel Laviolette, Xiao-Jun Li, Pui-Yee Fong, Stephen W. Hunsucker, Clive Hayward, Peter J. Mazzone, David K. Madtes, York E. Miller, Michael G. Walker, Jing Shi, Paul Kearney, Kenneth C. Fang, Pierre P. Massion
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Human rights group accuses Russian government of hampering efforts to tackle HIV/AIDS
Authors: Andrew Osborn
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Russian government has been accused of exacerbating the country's deepening HIV/AIDS crisis by denying basic prevention services to those most at risk and by systematically discriminating against anyone who is infected.

In its report, Human Rights Watch (a New York based non-governmental organisation) claims that the Russian government's policy is actually fuelling the epidemic rather than helping to keep a lid on it.

Human Rights Watch says that the government's behaviour is extremely irresponsible, considering the scale of the problem.

Russian government figures (considered to be conservative) show that up to 1.2 million people in Russia …
HIGH-RISK MI PATIENTS DERIVE GREATEST ABSOLUTE BENEFIT FROM PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: RESULTS FROM THE PRIMARY CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY TRIALIST COLLABORATION
Authors: Sanneke P. De Boer, Liz Barnes, Cyntia W. Westerhout, John Simes, Christopher B. Granger, Felix Zijlstra, Eric Boersma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: Perception of safety is biggest obstacle
Authors: Patrick Lingwood
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars Vested interests doom puny healthcare interventionsEditor-Ogilvy et al's systematic review on promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars treats motoring as if it were a disease that can be cured, without examining the social forces that lead to car use. 1 The effects they find in their review are hardly surprising, given the social currents opposing them: car advertising, predict and provide road planning, the giant car "park," and other horrors of surburbia.Big business and big government alike have a vested interest in its continued growth.Those who have bought into this motor dependent lifestyle can be trusted to extend the infliction of motor tyranny on everyone else: motorists object to being taxed, although they are major polluters, or confined by speed limits, although they killed 3508 people in Britain last year.I try to undermine this metal carapaced horde.Any driver suffering from a condition in which lack of exercise is a factor: hypertension, obesity, stress, depression-much of the general practice caseload in fact-is told to sell their car and get a bike instead.I do have my successesfor example, a man in his 50s who came back to his follow up appointment, saying he wished he lived further from work so he had more time on his bike every day.But when I look at the vested interests lined up against me-not least George W Bush's latest oil grab-I wonder why I bother.Urban doctors who continue to drive are particularly depressing.Since when do you need a car to carry a briefcase?
How to evaluate plaque vulnerability in animal models of atherosclerosis?
Authors: M Rekhter
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Prevention of heart attack and stroke depends on detection of vulnerable plaques and development of plaque-stabilizing therapies. In turn, progress in diagnostics and treatment is contingent on our understanding of molecular mechanisms of plaque vulnerability. Animal models are essential for testing mechanistic hypotheses in a controlled manner. Currently, there is no single, golden standard animal model of a vulnerable plaque. However, the whole range of experimental approaches is readily available. It includes traditional models of atherosclerosis combined with new 'vulnerability endpoints', as well as several models featuring spontaneous or induced plaque rupture/thrombosis. This review summarizes current literature on the animal models of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
156. Rapid Methods of Engineering HSV Amplicon Vectors Kazue Kasai, Yoshinaga Saeki
Authors: Kazue Kasai, Yoshinaga Saeki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon vector is a versatile plasmid-based gene delivery vehicle. Its unique features include a transgene capacity up to 150 kb, the ability to transduce a broad range of mammalian cell types, and the availability of a truly helper virus-free packaging system. These characteristics make the vector system attractive for gene therapy and basic biological research. The basic structure of an HSV amplicon vector, an amplicon vector plasmid, comprises a plasmid backbone, two cis-acting, non-coding viral sequences (an origin of DNA replication and a DNA cleavage/ packaging signal), and one or more transgene cassettes of interest.
Autosomal dominant and sporadic monocytopenia with susceptibility to mycobacteria, fungi, papillomaviruses, and myelodysplasia
Authors: Donald C. Vinh, Smita Y. Patel, Gulbu Uzel, Victoria L. Anderson, Alexandra F. Freeman, Kenneth N. Olivier, Christine Spalding, Stephen Hughes, Stefania Pittaluga, Mark Raffeld, Lynn R. Sorbara, Houda Z. Elloumi, Douglas B. Kuhns, Maria L. Turner, Edward W. Cowen, Danielle Fink, Debra Long-Priel, Amy P. Hsu, Li Ding, Michelle L. Paulson, Adeline R. Whitney, Elizabeth P. Sampaio, David M. Frucht, Frank R. DeLeo, Steven M. Holland
Journal: Blood (2009)
Abstract 4593: Apigenin induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells and exhibits anti-leukemic activity in athymic nude mice
Authors: Amit Budhraja, Ning Gao, Zhou Zhang, Young-Ok Son, Songze Ding, Andrew Hitron, Pooja Gupta, Xianglin Shi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose of the study: To investigate the functional role of Akt and JNK signaling cascades in apigenin-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells (in vitro) and anti-leukemic activity of apigenin in U937 xenografts (in vivo). Experimental Design: Leukemia cells were treated with apigenin in dose and time dependent manners, after which apoptosis, caspases activation, Akt and JNK signaling pathways were evaluated by pharmacologic and genetic approaches. Parallel studies were also conducted in Jurkat, HL60 and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In vivo anti-leukemic activity mediated by apigenin was evaluated using U937 xenograft mouse model. Results: Exposure of apigenin caused pronounced increase in apoptosis in leukemia cells but not in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Apigenin-induced apoptosis by inactivation of Akt with concomitant activation of JNK, cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspases activation in dose and time dependent manners. Enforced activation of Akt by a constitutively active myristolated Akt prevented apigenin-induced JNK and caspases activation and apoptosis. Conversely, PI3K (phosphatidyl 3-kinase) inhibitor LY294002 and a dominant negative construct of Akt potentiated apigenin-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. In addition, Akt kinase activity was diminished after exposure to apigenin in leukemia cells. Interruption of JNK pathway by pharmacologic (SP600125) and genetic (JNK1 siRNA) approaches showed marked reduction in apigenin-induced caspases activation and apoptosis in leukemia cells. Furthermore, in vivo administration of apigenin via intraperitoneal route resulted in attenuation of tumor growth in U937 xenografts accompanied by apoptosis. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggested a hierarchical model of apigenin-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells in which apigenin-induced Akt inactivation represents a primary event resulting in JNK activation and culminating in caspases activation and apoptosis. In addition, attenuation of tumor growth in U937 xenografts by apigenin raise the possibility that apigenin may have clinical implications for therapeutic intervention against leukemia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4593. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4593
One Instance of Dirty Money.
Authors: J. N. Hurty
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Indianapolis, July 7, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your short editorial on "Dirty Money" is timely. It is likely there is more infection from paper money than is ordinarily supposed. An instance bears this out to a degree. I was called to see a case of eruptive disease in a house of prostitution. The patient was a syphilitic and had unquestioned smallpox. She was compelled to remove her stockings, which she did reluctantly, and this disclosed a number of bills of different denomination wrapped around her legs, the stockings being drawn over them. Some of the bills adhered because of exudate, it being necessary to moisten them to effect removal. She stated she had intended to deposit the money in the bank, but was taken sick and could not. The bills were laid one at a time in a cigar box and each one was liberally sprinkled with formaldehyd, and they
Villous Tumors of the Lower Part of the Large Bowel
Authors: Renato F. Ramirez
Journal: JAMA (1965)

With the thought that many noninvasive villous tumors of the large bowel are amenable to conservative treatment (local excision, fulguration, and radium application), 205 cases were studied in which conservative treatment was advocated during the period 1950 through 1963. Conservative treatment was successful (1- to 12-year follow-up) in 98% of 194 cases (1% lost to followup). Examination of surgical specimens from 11 patients treated by radical operation showed that conservative treatment probably would have been adequate, since lesions were confined to the mucosa. Removal from below, either by surgical or thermal means, constitutes safe and adequate treatment for most noninvasive villous tumors of the lower portion of the bowel.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT FROM GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Artin H. Malakian, John H. Schwab
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

A component in extracts of Group A streptococci suppresses antibody formation in mice against heterologous erythrocyte and protein antigens. Large doses are not toxic and repeated injection does not change its effectiveness. It is most effective when injected 1 or 2 days before antigen and it is not suppressive when given after antigen. The active factor occurs as a large polydisperse complex and activity can be increased 10- to 25-fold by filtration through Sepharose 2B. Both direct (γM) and indirect (γG) antibody-forming cells are suppressed in primary and secondary responses. Injection before a primary response does not reduce memory cell development. It increases rather than depresses the "background" antibody-forming cells to sheep erythrocytes, and is equally effective if injected intraperitoneally or intravenously. Ribonuclease increases activity while deoxyribonuclease has no effect. Proteases destroy immunosuppressive action.
Neonatal Adrenal Hemorrhage Presenting as a Right Scrotal Mass
Authors: Marian H. Putnam
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  I describe herein a neonate who presented with a right scrotal mass due to unsuspected adrenal hemorrhage. Because of its anatomic location, the right adrenal is more susceptible to hemorrhage.  Report of a Case.—  A 3110-g boy was the product of a 36-week gestation of a 16-year-old gravida 1, para 0 black woman who had received regular prenatal care. Although mild bleeding late in the third trimester occurred, he seemed, by examination, to have a normal placenta. Clotting studies, electrolyte counts, and blood glucose levels were normal.  At 36 hours of age, the baby stopped feeding and developed abdominal distension with vomiting. He had a rubbery-feeling mass in the right scrotum, but there were no abdominal masses. The only laboratory evidence of adrenal hemorrhage was a decrease in hematocrit from 0.46 (after delivery) to 0.34 (at 36 hours of age). Emergency surgical intervention was performed for probable
The effect of therapeutic doses of lidocaine hydrochloride on the effective refractory period of the right ventricle in man
Authors: S. B. OLSSON, R. HARPER, L. RYDEN, W. A. HILMY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

The effect of lidocaine on the effective refractory period of the right ventricle (EVRP) was measured in 10 patients using the extra stimulus technique of progressive introduction of premature stimuli until a response could not be elicited. In four patients lidocaine produced a significant decrease in the EVRP, in a further four patients there was no change, and in the remaining two patients lidocaine produced a significant increase in the EVRP. The effect of the drug on the EVRP could not be correlated with the serum potassium levels. The reasons for the variable effect of lidocaine are attributed to the different action of lidocaine on different components of conduction within the ventricle.
"Author pays" may be the new science publishing model
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A consensus is emerging on how the internet will change the economics of scientific publishing.

In future, authors are likely to be asked to pay journals the costs of publishing their original research articles online, and journals will make these articles freely available to all from the moment of publication. The need to take out subscriptions to access electronic versions of original research will disappear.

This was the message at last week's advisory committee meeting of PubMed Central, the National Institutes of Health's initiative to free up access to reports of original research in the life sciences.

Electronic journals such as the …
Genetic modifiers of the severity of sickle cell anemia identified through a genome‐wide association study
Authors: Paola Sebastiani, Nadia Solovieff, Stephen W. Hartley, Jacqueline N. Milton, Alberto Riva, Daniel A. Dworkis, Efthymia Melista, Elizabeth S. Klings, Melanie E. Garrett, Marilyn J. Telen, Allison Ashley‐Koch, Clinton T. Baldwin, Martin H. Steinberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Abstract We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the severity of sickle cell anemia in 1,265 patients with either “severe” or “mild” disease based on a network model of disease severity. We analyzed data using single SNP analysis and a novel SNP set enrichment analysis (SSEA) developed to discover clusters of associated SNPs. Single SNP analysis discovered 40 SNPs that were strongly associated with sickle cell severity (odds for association &gt;1,000); of the 32 that we could analyze in an independent set of 163 patients, five replicated, eight showed consistent effects although failed to reach statistical significance, whereas 19 did not show any convincing association. Among the replicated associations are SNPs in KCNK6 a K + channel gene. SSEA identified 27 genes with a strong enrichment of significant SNPs ( P &lt; 10 −6 ); 20 were replicated with varying degrees of confidence. Among the novel findings identified by SSEA is the telomere length regulator gene TNKS . These studies are the first to use GWAS to understand the genetic diversity that accounts the phenotypic heterogeneity sickle cell anemia as estimated by an integrated model of severity. Additional validation, resequencing, and functional studies to understand the biology and reveal mechanisms by which candidate genes might have their effects are the future goals of this work. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longer virus shedding in influenza B than in influenza A among outpatients treated with oseltamivir
Authors: Naoki Kawai, Hideyuki Ikematsu, Norio Iwaki, Takashi Kawashima, Tetsunari Maeda, Satoru Mitsuoka, Kunio Kondou, Ietaka Satoh, Kiyomitsu Miyachi, Shigeru Yamaga, Takeshi Shigematsu, Nobuo Hirotsu, Seizaburo Kashiwagi
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Rebecca Foust
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The hypotensive effect of intravenous streptokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: A S Lew, P Laramee, B Cercek, P K Shah, W Ganz
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We studied the hypotensive effect of a rapid intravenous infusion of high-dose streptokinase in 98 patients with an acute myocardial infarction. The systolic blood pressure fell from 132 +/- 20 (range 90 to 174) to 97 +/- 21 mm Hg (range 58 to 152) at 15 +/- 8 min (range 4 to 40) after the commencement of the streptokinase infusion (p less than .001). A fall in diastolic blood pressure from 80 +/- 16 (range 51 to 105) to 61 +/- 15 mm Hg (range 32 to 92) accompanied the fall in systolic pressure (p less than .001). The fall in blood pressure was associated with an increase in heart rate (73 +/- 14 to 78 +/- 17 beats/min, p less than .001), preceded the appearance of clinical signs of reperfusion by 37 +/- 38 min and was similar in magnitude and timing in patients with anterior and inferior infarction. There were direct relationships between the rate of infusion of streptokinase and both the magnitude (r = .49, p less than .001) and the rate of fall of systolic blood pressure (r = .67, p less than .001) as well as both the magnitude and rate of fall of diastolic blood pressure. In most patients, the fall in blood pressure was transient (9 +/- 6 min, range = 2 to 30) and easily managed by slowing or stopping the infusion, placing the patient in the Trendelenburg position, or by administering an infusion of low-dose norepinephrine or dopamine. However, in four patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, severe hypotension persisted for more than 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Frostbite
Authors: Kurt Lange, David Weiner, Linn J. Boyd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE origin of gangrene subsequent to exposure to cold air or contact cooling has found the most diversified explanations. The general trend of opinions seems to have two different directions. One group, under the leadership of Blackwood1 and Ungley and his collaborators,2 attributes most of the damage to a peripheral vasoneuropathy and seems to believe that injury to muscles and other tissues is subsequent to the damage of nerve fibers, which represents the main feature of the disease. Lewis and Love3 went so far as to attribute most of the damage following frostbite to the bursting of individual cell membranes . . .
Declining β-Cell Compensation for Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Anny H. Xiang, Miwa Kawakubo, Enrique Trigo, Siri L. Kjos, Thomas A. Buchanan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with declining β-cell compensation for insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a cohort of Hispanic women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs), and bioelectrical impedance measurements were performed at 15-month intervals for up to 5 years, or until fasting plasma glucose exceeded 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/l). Data were analyzed to identify predictors of declining β-cell compensation for insulin resistance (the disposition index [DI]) and to examine the mechanism of weight gain and changes in circulating levels of selected adipokines and inflammatory markers on β-cell compensation decline. RESULTS A total of 60 nondiabetic women had a median of four sets of OGTT + IVGTT during a median follow-up of 52 months. Fourteen of the women developed diabetes. None of the baseline characteristics were significantly predictive of a decline in DI. There were significant univariate associations between declining DI and weight gain (specifically fat gain), declining adiponectin and rising C-reactive protein. Multivariate analysis showed that the weight gain was the most significant factor associated with declining DI. The amount of association between weight gain and declining DI was explained 31% by changes in adiponectin and C-reactive protein and 40% by changes in insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS These results identify weight gain as the strongest factor associated with declining β-cell compensation for insulin resistance in Hispanic women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Such effect may be mediated through at least two effects: alterations in adipokine levels and increasing insulin resistance.
DESENSITIZATION OF COMBAT FATIGUE PATIENTS
Authors: LEON J. SAUL, HOWARD ROME, EDWIN LEUSER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

A simple accessory method is described for the desensitization of startle reaction and, to some degree, of anxiety, in cases of combat fatigue, by the use of moving pictures of battle scenes. Each showing takes only about 15 minutes and on the average 12 showings have produced marked improvement in all but one of 14 cases. The simplicity of the method; its relative speed and the favorable results achieved without taxing the physician's time, indicate a more extensive trial of this supplementary procedure.
Reduction in Mortality as a Result of Direct Transport From the Field to a Receiving Center for Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Michel R. Le May, George A. Wells, Derek Y. So, Chris A. Glover, Michael Froeschl, Justin Maloney, Richard Dionne, Jean-François Marquis, Edward R. O'Brien, Alexander Dick, Heather L. Sherrard, John Trickett, Pierre Poirier, Melissa Blondeau, Jordan Bernick, Marino Labinaz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
TGF-β signaling and collagen deposition in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Nicholas Van Bruaene, Lara Derycke, Claudina Angela Perez-Novo, Philippe Gevaert, Gabriele Holtappels, Natalie De Ruyck, Claude Cuvelier, Paul Van Cauwenberge, Claus Bachert
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)