tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Direct Arterial Pressure and the Electrocardiogram in Unrestricted Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors: WILLIAM A. LITTLER, A. JOHN HONOUR, PETER SLEIGHT, FRANK D. STOTT
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Direct arterial pressure and electrocardiogram have been recorded over a 24 hr period in 8 males with angina pectoris who were completely unrestricted throughout the study. Twenty-five separate episodes of angina occurred, precipitated by exertion, eating, smoking, and anxiety, in addition to 2 spontaneous attacks and 2 episodes of nocturnal angina. All but 2 angina episodes were accompanied by a rise in both arterial pressure and heart rate. In the cases of spontaneous and nocturnal angina these pressure and rate changes began 10-15 min before the pain. In exertional angina these changes were related to the degree of activity involved, while in other instances there was a brief surge of pressure and rate occurring at the time of onset of pain. In each patient pain tended to occur at approximately the same level of pressure-rate product. ST-segment changes in the electrocardiogram showed no consistent pattern, occurring before or after the onset of pain, while in some episodes there was no significant change. A limited number of observations were made on the effect of glyceryl trinitrate and β-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs.
One way analysis of variance: post hoc testing
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers compared pregnancy outcomes between women who stopped smoking in early pregnancy and those who either did not smoke or continued to smoke in pregnancy. A prospective cohort study was performed. Participants were 2504 healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies. The primary outcomes were spontaneous preterm birth and small for gestational age infants (birth weight <10th customised centile).1

The participants were grouped by smoking status at 15 weeks’ gestation. Of the women recruited, 80% (n=1992) were non-smokers, 10% (n=261) had stopped smoking, and 10% (n=251) were current smokers. The women’s characteristics at 15 weeks’ gestation were compared between the three smoking status groups to establish differences that might have influenced the primary outcomes. A significant difference was reported between the smoking status groups in mean age at 15 weeks’ gestation (non-smokers 29.7 years (standard deviation 5.1), those who had stopped smoking 25.2 (5.9), current smokers 23.1 (5.5); one way analysis of variance P<0.001). Tukey’s post hoc test for pairwise comparisons showed that a significant difference (P<0.05) existed between each pair of groups—that is, between non-smokers and current smokers, non-smokers and stopped smokers, as well as current smokers and stopped smokers.

It was reported that for the group of women who stopped smoking before 15 weeks’ gestation, rates of spontaneous preterm birth and small for gestational age infants did not differ significantly from those in non-smokers. The rates of spontaneous preterm birth and small for gestational age infants for the current smokers group were significantly higher than for the group that stopped smoking before 15 weeks’ gestation. It was concluded that the …
Suprarenal Hemorrhage in Pregnancy
Authors: G. Arnold, A. G. Richer, J. J. Lepore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

KEELE and Keele1 made the first attempt to distinguish between the adrenal hemorrhage occurring in the course of septicemia, as in the Water-house–Friderichsen syndrome, and the adrenal hemorrhage occurring independently of any infectious process, for which the synonymous terms of hemorrhagic suprarenal infarction, acute hemorrhagic adrenalitis, spontaneous suprarenal hemorrhage and suprarenal apoplexy have been suggested.Table 1, in which the pertinent data of the 19 cases of the literature (including the 1 presented below) are shown in comparison, reveals the condition to be twice as frequent in the male as in the female, without any apparent relation to age, the youngest . . .
The Toxicology of Alcohol
Authors: Walter W. Jetter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE TOXICOLOGY OF ALCOHOLNo chemical known to man is responsible for so many deaths, lost manpower days and traumatic injuries as ethyl alcohol. It is directly or indirectly responsible for more than 50 per cent of all deaths caused by chemical agents.1 Metabolism Ethyl alcohol is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract within one to three hours of ingestion. Its concentration after complete absorption is proportional to the water content of the individual tissue. Thus, the blood level provides a reliable index of that in brain tissue at all times in the postabsorptive period. The disappearance of alcohol from . . .
Improving T-cell Therapy for Relapsed EBV-Negative Hodgkin Lymphoma by Targeting Upregulated MAGE-A4
Authors: Conrad R. Cruz, Ulrike Gerdemann, Ann M. Leen, Jessica A. Shafer, Stephanie Ku, Benjamin Tzou, Terzah M. Horton, Andrea Sheehan, Amanda Copeland, Anas Younes, Cliona M. Rooney, Helen E. Heslop, Catherine M. Bollard
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) relapsing after hematopoietic stem cell transplant have limited options for long-term cure. We have shown that infused cytotoxic T cells (CTL) targeting Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-derived proteins induced complete remissions in EBV(+) HL patients. A limitation of this approach is that up to 70% of relapsed HL tumors are EBV-negative. For these patients, an alternative is to target the cancer/testis antigen MAGE-A4 present in EBV antigen-negative HL tumors. Furthermore, epigenetic modification by clinically available demethylating agents can enhance MAGE-A4 expression in previously MAGE-negative tumors.We explored the feasibility of combining adoptive T cell therapy with epigenetic modification of tumor antigen expression. We further characterized MAGE-A4-specific T-cell phenotype and function, and examined the effects of the epigenetic modifying drug decitabine on these T cells.Cytotoxic T cells were generated specifically recognizing MAGE-A4 expressed by autologous HL targets and tumor cell lines. Decitabine-previously shown to increase tumor antigen expression in HL-did not compromise MAGE-A4-specific T-cell phenotype and function. In patients treated with decitabine, expanded MAGE-A4-specific T cells had a broader antitumor T cell repertoire, consistent with increased antigen stimulation in vivo.Adoptive transfer of MAGE-A4-specific T cells, combined with epigenetic modifying drugs to increase expression of the protein, may improve treatment of relapsed HL.
Quantitative Justification of the Change From 10% to 30% for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Scoring in the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guidelines: Tumor Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer and Its Implications for Tissue Microarray–Based Assessment of Outcome
Authors: Christopher B. Moeder, Jennifer M. Giltnane, Malini Harigopal, Annette Molinaro, Andrew Robinson, Karen Gelmon, David Huntsman, Robert L. Camp, David L. Rimm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose The variability in scoring of immunohistochemistry, whether a result of true heterogeneity or artifacts in preparation, has led to decreased reliability in companion diagnostics and the recommendation for new standards (eg, the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists [ASCO-CAP] guidelines). The basis of this problem is the amount of tissue required to be representative of an entire tumor. Because protein expression on tissue microarrays (TMAs) can be rigorously measured and one 0.6-mm spot is equivalent to two to three high-power fields, we used TMAs to assess levels of heterogeneity and to determine optimal representation as a function of outcome. Patients and Methods We analyzed estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression in two cohorts (n = 676 and n = 152) on a series of four to five separate TMA cores and assessed heterogeneity by linear regression analysis. Minimum, average, and maximum scores were generated for each set, which were then assessed for prognostic and predictive value. Results Each marker shows some heterogeneity, but average r values between 0.7 and 0.8 are seen between TMA spots. Analysis for prognostic value shows that the highest maximum score (of five spots) is the most prognostic for ER, whereas a high HER-2 minimum score is most prognostic for poor outcome and most predictive of response to trastuzumab. Conclusion These results suggest that the representivity required for each biomarker may be a function of its role in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, these results provide scientific basis for the ASCO-CAP guidelines for assessment of HER-2 expression but perhaps suggest that the 30% figure is still too conservative.
Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in gastrointestinal mucosa and gastric juice.
Authors: T C Freeman, R J Playford, C Quinn, K Beardshall, L Poulter, J Young, J Calam
Journal: Gut (1990)

We studied the distribution of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in the epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract and determined whether PSTI is secreted into gastric juice. PSTI was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay in biopsy specimens taken from the upper (n = 8) and lower (n = 7) gastrointestinal tract of patients with normal endoscopies. PSTI was present in the stomach, small intestine, and colon. Concentrations (micrograms/g protein) were highest in the stomach, and significantly higher in the antrum (1240, 670-1700, median and range) than in the gastric body (370, 350-570) (p less than 0.01). Concentrations were similar in the duodenum (180, 80-210) and colon (160, 130-360). PSTI determined by immunohistochemistry was present in mucus secreting gastric foveolar cells, duodenal Paneth cells, and colonic non mucus cells. PSTI was present in gastric juice. The median (range) concentration of PSTI in basal gastric juice from 13 patients with duodenal ulcers was 9 (3-21) micrograms/l and did not change during stimulation with pentagastrin. The rate of secretion, however, did increase significantly (p less than 0.05) from 1430 (180-2810) ng/h to 4500 (1250-12,770) ng/h during pentagastrin stimulation. PSTI was labile in acid pepsin but stable in the neutral conditions present in the mucus layer. The presence of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor throughout the gut and its secretion into the lumen suggests a hitherto unrecognised mechanism protecting gastrointestinal epithelia against luminal proteases.
POST-OPERATIVE PERITONITIS.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Washington, D. C., May 5, 1891.
Authors: BENJ. T. SHIMWELL
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The lesson taught t)ore fruitage in a series of his- tological studies upon sutures buried in the tis¬ sues of different animals, killed at varying peri¬ ods, after the introduction of the suture.The material used was primarily catgut, and afterward tendon taken from a variety of animals.I dem¬ onstrated that, little by little, the suture became infiltrated with new connective tissue cells which,
New Strategies for Treating Watery Diarrhea
Authors: Michael Field
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

In cholera, bacteria proliferation in the lumen of the small bowel results in an increase in adenylate cyclase activity and concentration of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). Clinical manifestations of cholera can be attributed to the change in cAMP synthesis. Accumulation of cAMP in intestinal epithelial cells lead to the development of 2 separate alterations of active ion transport, both of which contribute to the overall rate of secretion of salt and water. Inhibition of sodium chloride absorption occurs in villus cells, while stimulation of active secretion of anion (chloride and bicarbonate) occurs in secretory cells. Glucose is useful in reinstituting salt and H2O absorption as it does not interfere with the specific effects of cAMP on active ion transport but independently stimulates salt and H2O absorption. If enough of sodium-glucose solution is given, fecal losses can be fully replaced and fluid balance maintained. However, an oral glucose electrolyte therapy does not decrease diarrhea, and it is important to design an oral solution that could stimulate extra fluid absorption. Oral sugar-electrolyte solutions are used world wide to treat diarrhea of diverse and often undetermined causes; theoretically, they should be useful for replacing fluid losses in any form of diarrhea, infectious or noninfectious, as long as the intestine can absorb the ingested glucose. Palmer proposed an interesting variation on the glucose theme by using sucrose. Although oral sugar-electrolyte therapy has proved to be successful, innovations are still needed.
Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids for preterm birth (MACS): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kellie E Murphy, Mary E Hannah, Andrew R Willan, Sheila A Hewson, Arne Ohlsson, Edmond N Kelly, Stephen G Matthews, Saroj Saigal, Elizabeth Asztalos, Susan Ross, Marie-France Delisle, Kofi Amankwah, Patricia Guselle, Amiram Gafni, Shoo K Lee, B Anthony Armson
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
In‐house reference (IHR) preparation of <i>Candida albicans</i> allergen extract A standardized extraction procedure
Authors: J. Savolainen, K. Kalimo, R. Einarsson, A. Koivikko, M. Viander, E. O. Terho
Journal: Allergy (1998)

A standardized, controlled procedure for preparation of an in‐house reference (IHR) preparation of an allergen extract of Candida albicans is described. The procedure, based on previous studies of allergens of C albicans, is designed to yield a maximum of allergens in optimum extraction conditions and to provide a reference preparation for further extract production. The SDS‐PAGE. igE‐immunoblotting, and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) analyses showed that the procedure is reproducible with acceptable batch‐to‐batch variation. The variation in the content of the most important allergens, namely, proteins with molecular weights of 46,29, and 27 kDa in the pooled final batches, is acceptable (coeff. of variation &lt;15%), although in the intermediate batches of different strains, the coefficient of variation may occasionally exceed 20%. A comparison with other C. albicans allergen preparations used in our previous studies is also presented. The resulting extract can be used as a reference in further extract production and also in experimental in vitro and in vivo studies.
Changing the Organization of Health Care
Authors: Afschin Gandjour
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMOBILIZATION IN INFANTILE PARALYSIS
Authors: John A. Toomey
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> To my knowledge, the practice of immobilization in the treatment of poliomyelitis in the acute or initial stage was first questioned years ago by the late Henry O. Feiss, an orthopedic surgeon of Cleveland. As early as 1912 he (Feiss, H. O.: Experimental Studies of Paralyses in Dogs After Mechanical Lesions in Their Spinal Cords, with a Note on "Fusion" Attempted in the Cauda Equina or the Sciatic Nerves,<i>J. Compar. Neurol.</i><b>22</b>:99 [April] 1912) became interested in the problem of nerve regeneration. He operated on dogs, producing mechanical lesions and a clinical picture roughly resembling that of infantile paralysis. He allowed his animals to move about without splinting the muscles. He also reported on the question of nerve fusion, and incidentally a part of one of his technics was nerve crushing. More than twenty-five years ago, Feiss was talking about the early treatment of infantile
Destabilization of AT <sub>1</sub> Receptor mRNA by Calreticulin
Authors: Georg Nickenig, Frank Michaelsen, Cornelius Müller, Anja Berger, Thomas Vogel, Agapios Sachinidis, Hans Vetter, Michael Böhm
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

AT 1 receptor activation leads to vasoconstriction, blood pressure increase, free radical release, and cell growth. AT 1 receptor regulation contributes to the adaptation of the renin-angiotensin system to long-term stimulation and serves as explanation for the involvement of the AT 1 receptor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The molecular mechanisms involved in AT 1 receptor regulation are poorly understood. Here, we report that angiotensin II accelerates AT 1 receptor mRNA decay in vascular smooth muscle cells. A cognate mRNA region within the 3′ untranslated region at bases 2175 to 2195 governs the inducible decay of the AT 1 receptor mRNA. Sequential protein purifications led to the discovery of a novel mRNA binding protein, calreticulin, which mediates destabilization of the AT 1 receptor mRNA. Angiotensin II–caused phosphorylation of calreticulin enables binding of calreticulin to the AT 1 receptor mRNA at bases 2175 to 2195 and propagates calreticulin-induced acceleration of AT 1 receptor mRNA decay. Thus, a novel mRNA binding protein, calreticulin, is discovered, which causes AT 1 receptor mRNA degradation via binding to a distinct mRNA region in the 3′ untranslated region. These findings display a novel mechanism of posttranscriptional mRNA processing.
Licensed Tests for Antibody to Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III
Authors: JOHN C. PETRICCIANI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Before the discovery of the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), substantial epidemiologic evidence suggested that the responsible agent could be transmitted by blood and blood products such as factor VIII. The Public Health Service and the Food and Drug Administration therefore took general steps to increase the safety of the blood supply. With the discovery of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) it became possible to test blood for evidence of infection using an antibody detection assay. Currently licensed tests to detect antibody to HTLV-III range in sensitivity between 93% and 99%, and all are above 99% in specificity. The Public Health Service has issued provisional recommendations regarding the voluntary use of the antibody tests to screen blood and plasma donations.
COMPARISON OF LONG FULL COVERAGE STENTING VERSUS SHORT SPOT STENTING FOR SUBINTIMAL TRACT IN THE CHRONIC LONG TOTAL OCCLUSIONS OF SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERIES
Authors: Sung-Jin Hong, Young-Guk Ko, Dong-Ho Shin, Jung-Sun Kim, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yang Soo Jang, Donghoon Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Disability Discrimination in America
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin, Chai Feldblum, David W. Webber
Journal: JAMA (1999)

The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) was widely hailed at the time of its enactment in 1990 as providing broad protection against disability discrimination, including discrimination against individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the years since its enactment, however, courts frequently interpreted the ADA as providing far less protection than was initially anticipated. The Supreme Court's first case involving HIV and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Bragdon v Abbott, addressed this trend by ruling that a woman with asymptomatic HIV infection is protected from discrimination in accessing dental services. In doing so, the Court endorsed an interpretation of the ADA that is broadly protective for individuals with disabilities. The Court also ruled that health care professionals may legally refuse to treat a patient because of concern that the patient poses a direct threat to safety only if there is an objective, scientific basis for concluding that the threat to safety is significant. In addition to the ADA, state laws frequently prohibit disability discrimination and apply to some employers and others not regulated by federal law. A state-by-state survey of those laws demonstrates that, consistent with Bragdon v Abbott, individuals with asymptomatic HIV have widespread protection on the state level.
Immunoregulation in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Authors: Robert Volpé
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Times change. This trite but apt phrase can safely be applied to the study of autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis and its variants, to reflect the remarkable progress made during the past three decades. This period began in 1956 with the seminal discoveries of thyroid antibodies by Roitt and Doniach, of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis by Rose and Witebsky, and of an abnormal thyroid stimulator in Graves' disease by Adams and Purves.1 In 1972 I contributed an editorial to the Journal 2 in which I indicated that cell-mediated immunity had then been demonstrated in Graves' disease and further . . .
Comprehensive Management of Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: Gregory Matz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

When I was asked to review this book, I assumed that I would describe the usual multiple-chapter head and neck tumor book that instructs the reader on how to treat and operate on head and neck tumors. There are about a half dozen such books available to students or to medical practitioners, but what makes this book different is that it is truly comprehensive, because the editors have wisely put together sections that constitute an atlas of head and neck surgery, a text on the principles of head and neck surgery, and a series of excellent chapters on pathology. In addition, the editors have selected as authors a large number of physicians with extensive experience in the field. This two-volume text includes a group of chapters entitled "Controversies of Head and Neck Lesions," all of which are well put together and discuss in a balanced way the various controversies that