tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal Osteodystrophy
Authors: Neal Bricker
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dr. Jerome D. Cohen, Chief Resident in Medicine, the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Instructor in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 60-year-old white woman was referred to Jewish Hospital in October 1968 for evaluation of renal failure. The patient had been entirely well until 18 months before admission when she first experienced throbbing, bitemporal headaches. The physician found the patient to be hypertensive and she was given a rauwolfia compound. Twelve months prior to hospitalization, anemia was discovered and iron therapy was started although the cause of the anemia was not determined. Six months before hospitalization, the patient complained of back pain unassociated with chills or fever, but accompanied by urinary frequency, dysuria, and nocturia. These symptoms were followed by increasing weakness, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. One month prior to entry the patient was admitted to another hospital for evaluation. At that time the blood pressure
Sulfated Metabolites of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Are High-Affinity Ligands for the Thyroid Hormone Transport Protein Transthyretin
Authors: Fabian A. Grimm, Hans-Joachim Lehmler, Xianran He, Larry W. Robertson, Michael W. Duffel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

The displacement of l-thyroxine (T4) from binding sites on transthyretin (TTR) is considered a significant contributing mechanism in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-induced thyroid disruption. Previous research has discovered hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs) as high-affinity ligands for TTR, but the binding potential of conjugated PCB metabolites such as PCB sulfates has not been explored.We evaluated the binding of five lower-chlorinated PCB sulfates to human TTR and compared their binding characteristics to those determined for their OH-PCB precursors and for T4.We used fluorescence probe displacement studies and molecular docking simulations to characterize the binding of PCB sulfates to TTR. The stability of PCB sulfates and the reversibility of these interactions were characterized by HPLC analysis of PCB sulfates after their binding to TTR. The ability of OH-PCBs to serve as substrates for human cytosolic sulfotransferase 1A1 (hSULT1A1) was assessed by OH-PCB-dependent formation of adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate, an end product of the sulfation reaction.All five PCB sulfates were able to bind to the high-affinity binding site of TTR with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd values) in the low nanomolar range (4.8-16.8 nM), similar to that observed for T4 (4.7 nM). Docking simulations provided corroborating evidence for these binding interactions and indicated multiple high-affinity modes of binding. All OH-PCB precursors for these sulfates were found to be substrates for hSULT1A1.Our findings show that PCB sulfates are high-affinity ligands for human TTR and therefore indicate, for the first time, a potential relevance for these metabolites in PCB-induced thyroid disruption.
Abstract 2472: The role of aging T-cells in prostate cancer development
Authors: Alejandra De Angulo, Christopher A. Jolly, Robert Faris, David Cavazos, Ramona Salcedo, Shruti Apte, Cindy Chen, Linda A. deGraffenried
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract As men age past 40, their chance of developing prostate cancer increases exponentially each year. The mechanism by which age influences the risk of prostate cancer remains largely unknown, hindering the development of effective preventive interventions. As one ages, there are significant changes in immune response regulation and outcome. This includes an age-related loss of appropriate T cell function. This loss of appropriate T cell function is associated with a change from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory cytokine production as well as decreased appropriate immune surveillance. We hypothesize that one mechanism by which age increases the risk for prostate cancer may be through these alterations in immune response by the T cells. To date, the specific contribution of an aging immune system to prostate cancer initiation and progression has been difficult to determine because of the lack of appropriate model systems to evaluate this phenomena. We have recently begun studies investigating the contribution of an aging T cell population to prostate cancer progression using a highly unique and innovative animal model, the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 (GPAT-1) knock out mouse. The GPAT-1 KO young mouse has a T cell phenotype which mimics old wild type mice. We have recently initiated a series of in vitro studies to evaluate the effects of exposure of sera from GPAT KO mice on pro-inflammatory signaling in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Exposure to sera from young GPAT KO mice resulted in strong induction of NF-κB activity in LNCaP cells compared to both the sera from the age-controlled wild type mice and the sera-free conditions. We are currently evaluating the significance of this NF-κB induction as well as the induction of other pro-inflammatory pathways by the GPAT KO mouse sera in promoting a more aggressive phenotype in our cancer cells. Additionally, LNCaP cells exposed to conditioned media from stimulated T-cells from the GPAT KO mice demonstrated induction of Akt phosphorylation. Previous studies have shown an important role for NF-kB and Akt in promoting inflammation and survival in prostate cancer cells. Currently, we are evaluating how GPAT KO mouse sera might promote a more aggressive phenotype in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. These studies would be the first to demonstrate a specific modulation of prostate cancer signaling by sera from mice that directly reflect an aging T cell phenotype suggesting that age-related loss of appropriate T cell function might contribute to the increased risk for prostate cancer in the elderly. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2472.
Articular cartilage in corn oil-induced lipoarthrosis.
Authors: P N Mehta, F N Ghadially
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

The present study examined the involvement of the 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptors in classical fear conditioning using the 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyloamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) and the selective “silent” 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor antagonist (N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclo-hexane carboxamide trihydrochloride (WAY 100635). The drugs were administered both subcutaneously and bilaterally into the dorsal hippocampus of male C57BL/6J mice. The training was performed in a single trial in which a tone was followed by a footshock. The retention of context- and tone-dependent fear was examined in separate tests conducted either 1 or 24 hr after training. Subcutaneous 8-OH-DPAT (0.1–1.0 mg/kg), when injected before but not after training, caused a dose-dependent impairment of contextual fear in both 1 and 24 hr tests, whereas tone-dependent fear was less affected. Pretraining intrahippocampal injections of 5.0 μg but not 1.0 μg 8-OH-DPAT caused a severe deficit in contextual fear when tested 24 hr after training. When injected both subcutaneously and intrahippocampally, 8-OH-DPAT induced the 5-HT syndrome, indicative of postsynaptic 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor activation at the dose ranges that impaired fear conditioning. However, the behavioral changes induced by 8-OH-DPAT at the time of training could not account for inhibitory effects of 8-OH-DPAT on fear conditioning. Neither subcutaneous (0.03 mg/kg) nor intrahippocampal (0.5 μg per mouse) WAY 100635 altered context- or tone-dependent fear. However, subcutaneous WAY 100635 blocked both the 5-HT syndrome and the impairment of fear conditioning induced by subcutaneous or intrahippocampal 8-OH-DPAT. In contrast, intrahippocampal WAY 100635 blocked the impairment caused by intrahippocampal but not subcutaneous 8-OH-DPAT, indicating the involvement of extrahippocampal 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptors in fear conditioning. It is concluded that the deficits in fear conditioning induced by 8-OH-DPAT are a result of postsynaptic 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>receptor activation that interferes with learning processes operating at acquisition but not consolidation. Furthermore, the dorsohippocampal 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptors play an important but not exclusive role in the limbic circuitry subserving contextual fear conditioning.
Advantages of Contact Lenses
Authors: Charles Aronberg
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Journalexcerpt (<b>182:</b>564 [Nov 3] 1962) from the July, 1960, issue of the<i>US Armed Forces Medical Journal</i>, which describes the disadvantages of contact lenses is quite cogent. However, there are significant benefits to be obtained from wearing contact lenses, and these, too, should be presented. I submit an answer to each of the disadvantages listed: (1) (They are expensive.) This is true. Because of the time required for proper fitting, contact lenses are relatively costly compared with spectacles. However, the fact that many millions have accepted this extra expense is testimony to the visual and psychological benefits. (2) (Considerable skill is required for fitting, and time is needed for adjustment.) True. The lenses should be fitted only by or under the supervision of an experienced ophthalmologist to minimize risk and to ensure a proper fit. (3) (There is potential danger of eye infection
Abstract 733: Synthesis and biological evaluation of inhibitors of Rho protein kinase
Authors: Roberta Pireddu, Nan N. Sun, Huidong Yu, Shen-Shu Sung, Said M. Sebti, Nicholas J. Lawrence
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Rho GTPases are small G-proteins which play a critical role in signaling pathways and control cell growth and division. Rho-associated protein kinase (known as ROCK or Rho kinase) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase activated by GTP-bound Rho and phosphorylates important signalling proteins. Rho/ROCK mediated signalling pathways are implicated in cell morphology, moltility, smooth muscle contraction, formation of stress fiber, focal adhesion, cell transformation and cytokineses. ROCKs have been subject to growing attention, having been implicated in a range of therapeutic areas including cancer. Further, the pharmacological inhibition of ROCKs has been suggested as a promising strategy in the prevention of cell invasion, a central event in the process of metastasis. We describe the identification of potent ROCK inhibitors from data mining of the Molecular Libraries Screening Center Network (MLSCN) data available through PubChem and in-house HTS screening. Libraries of compounds have been designed to aid the hit-to-lead process and probe structure activity relationships. Molecular modeling and crystallography have been used to aid the design of potent ROCK inhibitors. Compounds were first assessed for in vitro ROCK1 inhibitory activity using a Z-lyte kinase assay. Selected compounds were also screened against the isoform ROCK2. Selectivity trends will be discussed. The overall process has led to the improvement of activity of compounds from high micromolar activity to low nanomolar activity. Structure activity relationship studies led to the identification of highly potent and cell-permeable analogues that were shown to inhibit selected substrates of ROCK such as MYPT1 in cell assays and are the subject of ongoing antitumor studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 733.
P16.04 * USE OF 18F-FLUOROMETHYLCHOLINE PET IN EARLY TREATMENT RESPONSE ASSESSMENT IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS
Authors: J. Bolcaen, M. Acou, T. Boterberg, K. Deblaere, F. De Vos, G. Hallaert, J. Kalala, C. Van den Broecke
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Early detection of effectiveness of radiation therapy and concomittant temozolomide (TMZ) in glioblastoma (GB) patients is important and currently evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) only. However, pseudo-progression on MRI makes accurate assessment of treatment response difficult. As metabolic changes are likely to precede anatomical changes, positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]-fluoromethyl-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium (18F-fluoromethylcholine, 18F-FCho) may be a tool for GB treatment monitoring. METHODS: In this study 10 GB patients without resection or debulking of the tumor only, who received concomittant radiation therapy (RT) and TMZ, are included in the study. RANO criteria were used to define responders (R) versus nonresponders (NR) 1 month after completion of RT. Dynamic PET with 18F-FCho scans were performed before the start of RT, during RT (at week 2, 4 and 6) and 1 month after the completion of RT. At each time point a metabolic tumor volume (MTV) was defined as 40% SUVmax within the 95% isodose. Mean and maximal standard uptake values (SUVmean and SUVmax), mean and maximal lesion to normal ratios (LNRmean and LNRmax) and the % change of these variables between all time points were assessed. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to identify the PET variables that were able to predict response. RESULTS: Using the RANO criteria, 6 patients were categorized as NR and 4 patients as R. Mann-Whitney U test revealed no statistically signifcant difference in SUVmean and SUVmax between R and NR pre-RT. MTV and MTVxSUVmean at week 6 (both p = 0.032) and at 1 month after the completion of RT (p = 0.032 and p = 0.016, respectively) were statistically significantly lower in R than in NR. The % change in SUVmax (p = 0.038), % change in SUVmean (p = 0.038), % change in MTV (p = 0.010) and % change in MTVxSUVmean (p = 0.010) between pre-RT and 1 month after the completion of RT were statistically significantly lower in R than in NR. Also, % change of SUVmax between week 4 and 6 of RT was significanlty lower in R than in NR (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION: Based on our results, pre-RT 18F-FCho PET cannot discriminate R from NR. Discrimination between R and NR according to RANO criteria applied 1 month after the completion of RT, can at the earliest be made during RT, namely by assessing % change in SUVmax between week 4 and 6.
The Cellular Retinol-Binding Protein Genes Are Duplicated and Differentially Transcribed in the Developing and Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Rong-Zong Liu, Qian Sun, Christine Thisse, Bernard Thisse, Jonathan M. Wright, Eileen M. Denovan-Wright
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

There are single copies of the genes encoding the cellular retinol-binding protein type I and II (CRBPI and CRBPII) in the human and rodent genomes. We have identified duplicate genes for both CRBPI and CRBPII in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome (rbp1b and rbp2b). The zebrafish rbp1b and rbp2b have conserved gene structures, amino acid sequence similarities, gene phylogenies, and syntenic relationships with their mammalian orthologs and zebrafish paralogs, rbp1a and rbp2a. Like the mammalian genes for CRBPI and CRBPII, the zebrafish rbp1b and rbp2b genes are closely linked on a single linkage group. Comparative analysis suggests that the duplicate genes of rbp1 and rbp2 in the zebrafish genome may have arisen by chromosomal or whole-genome duplication. During embryonic development, rbp1b transcripts were detected in the gall bladder of 5-day postfertilization (5 dpf) larvae. The rbp2b mRNA was abundant in the developing liver through 48 hours postfertilization (48 hpf) to 5 dpf. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), rbp1b transcripts were detected in the ovary, and rbp2b mRNA was observed predominantly in the adult liver. Tissue section in situ hybridization and emulsion autoradiography localized rbp1b mRNA to primary oocytes within the zebrafish ovary. The differential mRNA distribution patterns of the rbp1a, rbp1b, rbp2a, and rbp2b genes in the developing and adult zebrafish suggest that shuffling of subfunctions among duplicate copies of paralogous genes may be a mechanism for the retention of duplicated genes in vertebrates.
A potpourri of parasites in poetry and proverb.
Authors: D A Burns
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Health Hazard tonitis.Culture of the line grew Staphylococcus hominis sensitive to vancomycin.The fluid was sterile.Case 3-A 73 year old man had fluid indwell when his cat punctured the dialysis line with its claws.He was given vancomycin and had no further problems.The fluid was sterile.Case 4-A 24 year old woman had her dialysis line bitten by her kitten while she was asleep with fluid indwell.She was given vancomycin and was started on oral ciprofloxacin.She remained free of symptoms; the fluid was sterile.
Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Without Signs of Heart Failure: The Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Study (GIPS)-II
Authors: Jorik R. Timmer, Tone Svilaas, Jan Paul Ottervanger, Jose P.S. Henriques, Jan-Henk E. Dambrink, Stan A.J. van den Broek, Iwan C.C. van der Horst, Felix Zijlstra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Ultrasound — Now Also for Microbiologists?
Authors: Francis A. Waldvogel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The ultrasound system used by bats, dolphins, and whales has developed into a technology that has found numerous applications in diverse fields, including the biomedical domain, where it has been used particularly as an imaging device. Now low-frequency ultrasound of low acoustic intensity could also become a useful tool for the clinical microbiologist in the diagnosis of biofilm-associated infections, such as prosthetic-hip infections, and others as well.The development of robust and safe prosthetic material for orthopedic surgery is one of the remarkable cooperative achievements between the fields of materials research and modern medicine: implantation of orthopedic prostheses is now . . .
Antigen-presenting capacity in normal human dermis is mainly, subserved by CDla+ cells
Authors: C. SEPULVEDA-MERRILL, S. MAYALL, A.S. HAMBLIN, S.M. BREATHNACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Summary A proposed role for antigen-presenting dermal dendrocytes in the pathogenesis of many dermal inflammatory skin diseases remains speculative. We therefore sought to determine the phenotype and functional characteristics of antigen-presenting cells isolated from normal human dermis. Normal adult human skin was incubated overnight with dispase at 4°C, the epidermis was removed, and the residual dermal preparation was then minced and digested with a mixture of hyaluronidase, collagenase, and DNAase at 37°C, prior to filtration through mesh. Dermal cell suspensions thus obtained were stained using specific monoclonal antibodies, and analysed by fluorescence micro- scopy or flow cytometry. Mean values were as follows: CD45+ leucocytes 39%, HLA-DR+ cells 39%, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I+ endothelial cells 26%, CD1a+ cells 3.9%, CD11b+ cells 16%, CDllc+ cells 6%. Mitomycin C-treated crude dermal cell suspensions induced allostimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a 7-day culture, as assessed by 3H-TdR incorporation. Depletion of CDla+ Langerhans-like cells from the dermal cell preparation, by 95, 74 and 90% in three separate experiments using immunomagnetic beads, reduced 3H-TdR incorporation at optimal responder-to- stimulator cell ratios by 90, 64, and 87%, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in normal human dermis, the great majority of the alloantigen-presenting capacity resides in the CDla+ Langerhans cell-like dendritic antigen-presenting cell population, and not to any great extent in either CDla− macrophage-like cells, or HLA-DR+ endothelial cells. The relationship of the CDla+ dermal antigen presenting cells to the Langerhans cell lineage remains to be determined.
Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates and childhood respiratory tract infections and allergy
Authors: Mireia Gascon, Maribel Casas, Eva Morales, Damaskini Valvi, Ana Ballesteros-Gómez, Noelia Luque, Soledad Rubio, Núria Monfort, Rosa Ventura, David Martínez, Jordi Sunyer, Martine Vrijheid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Projected Outcomes Using Different Nodule Sizes to Define a Positive CT Lung Cancer Screening Examination
Authors: David S. Gierada, Paul Pinsky, Hrudaya Nath, Caroline Chiles, Fenghai Duan, Denise R. Aberle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer has been associated with a high frequency of false positive results because of the high prevalence of indeterminate but usually benign small pulmonary nodules. The acceptability of reducing false-positive rates and diagnostic evaluations by increasing the nodule size threshold for a positive screen depends on the projected balance between benefits and risks.
A Florid, Tiny, Discrete Eruption on the Penis
Authors: Hsien-Yi Chiu, Hsien-Ching Chiu
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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Chronic Candida albicans paronychia in adult Israeli women
Authors: SALOMON GANOR, RAPHAEL PUMPIANSKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The infected fingers in chronic paronychia were mostly on the dominant hand. Little fingers were less and middle fingers more affected than expected. Oral Candida albicans carriage was significantly less when the first finger to be infected was the middle finger. The duration of the disease was related to the number of infected fingers, but not to oral C. albicans carriage. The second finger to be infected was an opposite* or adjacent finger more often than expected. The following conclusions are drawn: (i) The mouth and the bowel, but not the vagina, of the patient, or her family, are sources of C. albicans in chronic paronychia. (2) Mechanical trauma that destroys the cuticle is responsible for the invasion of C. albicans into the nail‐fold. (3) This trauma in our patients is mostly due to rubbing during hand‐washing of clothes.