tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microglia: a cellular vehicle for CNS gene therapy
Authors: Harald Neumann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA). MLD is characterized by progressive demyelination and neurological deficits. Treatment of MLD is still a challenge due to the fact that the blood-brain barrier is a major obstacle for most therapeutic substances. In this issue of the JCI, Biffi et al. report that genetically modified hematopoietic precursor cells transduced to overexpress ARSA and transplanted into mice with a targeted disruption of the murine Arsa gene (Arsa–/– mice) migrated into the CNS and cross-corrected brain ARSA deficiency (see the related article beginning on page 3070). Microglia served as a cellular vehicle to effectively deliver the enzyme to other brain cells while hepatocytes overexpressing ARSA increased plasma ARSA levels but failed to deliver ARSA into the CNS.
ABC of mental health: Mental health in a multiethnic society
Authors: S. Dein
Journal: BMJ (1997)

People from ethnic minorities comprise just over three million people or 5.5% of the British population.Their geographical distribution is highly uneven, with most living in greater London, the West Midlands, and other metropolitan counties.Doctors in Britain increasingly encounter patients whose values and beliefs differ substantially from their own.Without a knowledge of other cultural beliefs and practices, doctors can easily fall prey to errors of diagnosis, resulting in inappropriate management and poor compliance.For example, a delusion is a false belief not amenable to reason and out of context with a person's cultural and religious beliefs: diagnosing someone as deluded must take into account cultural and religious factors.Culture refers to the categories, plans, and rules that people use to interpret their world and act purposefully within it.These rules are learned in childhood while growing up in society.Cultural factors relate to mental illness in several ways.In the first instance, culture determines what is seen as normal and abnormal within a given society.
Correction: Gastroenteritis Transmitted by Intact Chicken Eggs
Authors: Ban Mishu, Patricia M. Griffin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 June 1992Correction: Gastroenteritis Transmitted by Intact Chicken EggsBan Mishu, MD, Patricia M. Griffin, MDBan Mishu, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Patricia M. Griffin, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-12-1037 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:On page 193 of our article (1), we state that ". . . the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not authorize use of this agent [oxytetracycline] in egg-laying hens . . ." This information had been provided to us verbally by an FDA official. Representatives of the implicated farm have informed us that this is incorrect. We requested a written interpretation of the regulation by officials in the Division of Compliance, Center for Veterinary Medicine at the FDA. They informed us that oxytetracycline is permitted at levels ranging from 10 to 200 g per ton of...References:1. MishuGriffinTauxeCameronHutchesonSchaffner BPRDRW. Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis transmitted by intact chicken eggs. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:190-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Code of Federal Regulations Washington, DC: Food and Drug Administration: Federal Register. 1 April 1990. HHS 21 CFR 558.15: pages 486-95. Google Scholar3. Code of Federal Regulations Washington, DC: Food and Drug Administration: Federal Register. 1 April 1990. HHS 21 CFR 558.450: pages 558-61. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ban Mishu, MD; Patricia M. Griffin, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1992Volume 116, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1037-1037KeywordsFood and Drug AdministrationGastroenteritis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 June 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Trends in mortality statistics in England and Wales with particular reference to AIDS from 1984 to April 1987
Authors: A. McCormick
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Death certification should be able to provide accurate data on the number of deaths due to AIDS as a basis for predicting future deaths from the syndrome. Trends in deaths from other causes may identify conditions that have not been recognised to be associated with HIV infection. Mortality statistics with reference to AIDS in England and Wales were completed from death certificates. Increases in deaths from selected causes likely to be associated with AIDS or HIV infection suggested that in some patients with HIV infection, AIDS was not stated on the death certificate or subsequently notified by the doctor who signed the certificate. From calculations of excess deaths between the beginning of 1985 and the end of April 1987, compared with 1984 at least 495 deaths possibly associated with HIV infection were estimated to have occurred among men aged 15-54 during that period. In 261 AIDS or HIV infection was stated on the original or amended death entry as the cause of death, and of these 198 were included in the estimated number of excess deaths. Accurate notification of the underlying cause of death and associated diseases is required for the precise monitoring of trends in mortality from AIDS and possible identification of unrecognised conditions associated with HIV infection.
P1-192: Bronchial epithelial proliferation measured by Ki-67 is related to current smoking and sex but not to lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: York E. Miller, Dae S. Hyun, Robert L. Keith, Timothy C. Kennedy, Marina Lewis, Tim Byers, Paul A. Bunn, Wilbur A. Franklin, John Kittelson, Fred Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
New Trial for Endoscopical Observation of Esophagus by Dye Scattering Method
Authors: S. Toriie, Y. Kohli, Y. Akasaka, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

Direct dye scattering method, advocated by Schiller in 1933 in order to diagnose the early stage of cervical cancer of the uterus, was adapted to the esophagus epithelium. Five per cent of Lugol's solution was used for this study. From this study on 124 cases of esophagoscopy, normal esophageal epithelium was stained brown and “silk-crape” like surface appearances could be clearly observed on its surface endoscopically, but gastric mucosa was unstained by this method. Inflammatory epithelium and cancerous lesion of the esophagus were also unstained, contrarily whitish granule and leucoplakia were remarkably stained dark brown. This method was useful for differential diagnosis of various esophageal diseases, esophagitis, esophageal cancer, submucosal tumor of esophagus and hiatus hernia. Furthermore, even though the slight changes of mucosal function of the esophagus could be known.
Case 31-1980
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Gordon A. Donaldson, Jaime Prat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Presentation of CaseA 74-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever.She was well until 15 months earlier, when vomiting and epigastric pain developed, without fever, jaundice, or pruritus. She entered another hospital, where a laparotomy showed a distended gallbladder containing stones. A cholangiographic examination revealed partial obstruction at the ampulla of Vater, consistent with a gallstone. A firm mass was palpated in the head of the pancreas. A cholecystectomy and choledochoduodenostomy were performed. Microscopical examination of a biopsy specimen of the pancreatic mass disclosed fat with focal chronic inflammation.The patient was well thereafter until five . . .
Abstract 4188: Association of HOX gene expression with osteopontin in ovarian cancer: Implications for biomarker development
Authors: David L. Tait, Kevin J. Thompson, Rimki Haloi, Zahra Bahrani-Mostafavi, Christine Richardson, M. Taghi Mostafavi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is characterized by poor early detection and serves as an excellent model system to develop potential markers for early diagnosis. Osteopontin is a glycophosphoprotein known to demonstrate multiple functions including mediation of cellular adhesion, suppression of macrophage interleukin production, prevention of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and inhibition of anchorage-dependent growth. Studies of Osteopontin in ovarian cancer have described increased expression and a role as a candidate biomarker. Secretion of Osteopontin into the extra cellular matrix is reported to facilitate metastasis and has been reported to be inhibited by the presence of cytoplasmic Homeobox proteins (HOX). The HOX family of genes encodes transcription factors involved in basic developmental processes and has been linked to oncogenesis. Dysregulation of HOX genes may be an early event in malignant transformation making the HOX gene family appealing for biomarker investigation. In this study we characterize HOX gene expression in malignant tumors of the ovary compared to Osteopontin, a known biomarker for ovarian cancer. Methods: Microarray analysis of mRNA from human ovarian tissues was performed on samples of normal, benign, and malignant ovarian tissues. These samples were analyzed using the Affymetrix Human Genome Focus GeneChip (HG-Focus) microarray to distinguish the differential pattern of mRNA expression between the three types of samples. Immunohistochemistry staining of ovarian tissue samples was utilized to analyze confirmatory protein expression of the microarray findings. Results: Microarray analysis demonstrated up-regulation of HOXB2, HOXB7, and Osteopontin genes in malignant ovarian tumor samples compared to normal ovarian tissue controls. Conversely, HOXC6 was down-regulated in malignant tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed for HOXB2, HOXC6 and Osteopontin on OCT embedded tissues samples. Similarly, increased protein expression was shown for HOXB2 and Osteopontin in malignant samples and increased HOXC6 in non-cancerous samples. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate multiple HOX genes to be up-regulated in ovarian cancer. Increased expression of HOXB2 and HOXB7, correlated with increased Osteopontin expression found in malignant ovarian tissue samples. HOXC6 demonstrated an inverse relationship with Osteopontin in non-cancerous ovarian tissue samples. The association of these HOX genes with Osteopontin expression warrants further investigation into the role of HOX genes as candidate biomarkers for ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4188. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4188
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, Congenital Neutropenia, and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Elizabeth Naparstek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is one of the latest products of molecular biology to permeate clinical practice. The results with this hematopoietic growth factor have been promising, and in one disease, congenital severe neutropenia, they have been exceptionally interesting. But questions have been raised about the safety of G-CSF in this rare disorder. To understand the clinical effects of G-CSF and the concern about its safety, it is important to know that the growth factor has multiple effects on cells of the granulocytic lineage. It not only stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid precursors but also enhances the functional . . .
Myosin phosphorylation and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by vasodilators.
Authors: W T Gerthoffer, M A Trevethick, R A Murphy
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Recent evidence indicates that contraction of vascular smooth muscle may be regulated by two calcium-dependent mechanisms: activation of myosin kinase, and calcium binding to a second, unknown regulatory site. This hypothesis implies that vasodilators could modify vascular tone by several mechanisms, including inactivation of myosin kinase. Since relaxation of the carotid artery following agonist removal may occur when myosin phosphorylation is at resting levels, we could determine whether dephosphorylation of myosin is necessarily involved in the molecular mechanisms mediating relaxation in response to vasodilators. The relaxant effects of adenosine, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, forskolin, sodium nitroprusside, and 8-bromo-cGMP were tested under conditions where myosin phosphorylation was at basal levels (0.08 +/- 0.02 mol Pi/mol light chain). All of these agents increased the rate of relaxation in nonsteady state experiments where relaxation was induced by stimulus washout. Steady state dose-response curves were obtained for forskolin and 8-bromo-cGMP in the presence of basal myosin phosphorylation. Forskolin caused a dose-dependent increase in cAMP levels at a rate consistent with a cause and effect relationship between relaxation and total tissue cAMP content. Both drugs relaxed the muscles, with no detectable change in myosin phosphorylation. Therefore, dephosphorylation of myosin is not a necessary event in the molecular mechanism of several vasodilators, including some which presumably act via cyclic nucleotides.
Measurement of Lesions by Endoscopy: An Overview
Authors: N. Vakil
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic measurement of lesion size is important in the design and conduct of clinical trials, in determining prognosis and choosing forms of therapy. Endoscopes are constructed with wide-angle lenses that distort the image significantly by creating a relative compression of points in the periphery of the image.
Cytotoxic antibodies to cloned rat islet cells in serum of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Authors: G S Eisenbarth, M A Morris, R M Scearce
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We have found complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in the serum of 8 of 24 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus using a 51Cr cytotoxicity assay with monolayers of cloned rat islet cells (clones RINm 5F and RINm 14B). In contrast, complement-dependent cytotoxicity with 51Cr release greater than 24% was found with sera from 34 controls or from 5 patients with polyglandular failure without diabetes, and was present in only 1 serum our of 12 from patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of antibodies appears to decrease with duration of insulin-dependent diabetes, and in one patient studied, cytotoxic antibodies were present at the time of diagnosis of diabetes. Cytotoxicity is independent of insulin synthesis, as evidenced by the linear correlation of cytotoxicity of sera for the insulin-producing clone RINm 5F and the somatostatin-producing clone RINm 14B. The present study identifies nonspecies-specific cytotoxic antibodies in the serum of patients with diabetes mellitus, and the assay used should facilitate studies of humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
Areca Nut Chewing Is Associated With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Fu-Mei Chung, Dao-Ming Chang, Miao-Pei Chen, Jack C.-R. Tsai, Yi-Hsin Yang, Tien-Yu Shieh, Shyi-Jang Shin, Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen, Tong-Yuan Tai, Yau-Jiunn Lee
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Areca nut ( Areca catechu )/betel quid (BQ) is said to be the fourth most commonly used psychoactive substance in the world and is chewed regularly by at least 10% of the world’s population (1). High prevalences of BQ chewing were observed especially in South and Southeast Asia (1). High prevalences of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome were also observed in this area (2). Specific areca alkaloids act as competitive inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors …
Qualitative aspects of exertional breathlessness in chronic airflow limitation: pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Authors: D E O'Donnell, J C Bertley, L K Chau, K A Webb
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We compared qualitative aspects of the sensory experience of exertional breathlessness in normal subjects and in patients with chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and sought a physiologic rationale for these. Twelve patients (66 +/- 2 yr of age, mean +/- SEM) with severe CAL (FEV1 = 37 +/- 5% predicted) and 12 age-matched normal subjects (FEV1 = 103 +/- 5% predicted) were studied. Perceived inspiratory difficulty (BorgIN), inspiratory effort (esophageal pressure expressed as a fraction of maximal esophageal pressure at isovolume [Pes/PImax]), breathing pattern, and operational lung volumes (end-expiratory/inspiratory lung volumes [EELV/EILV]) were measured during symptom-limited incremental cycle exercise testing and compared at a standard VO2 of 50% predicted maximum in normal subjects and in patients with CAL. Qualitative descriptors of breathlessness were selected immediately after exercise. Breathlessness was qualitatively different between normal subjects and patients with CAL. Both normal subjects and patients with CAL chose descriptors of increased "work/effort" and "heaviness" of breathing; however, only patients with CAL consistently chose descriptors denoting "increased inspiratory difficulty" (75%), "unsatisfied inspiratory effort" (75%), and "shallow breathing" (50%). Stepwise regression analysis identified the ratio of Pes/PImax to VT/predicted VC as the strongest correlate of standardized BorgIN (n = 24, r = 0.86, p < 0.001). This latter measurement, which reflects the relationship between effort and ventilatory output, correlated strongly with dynamic EELV/TLC at isotime (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the qualitatively discrete respiratory sensations of exertional inspiratory difficulty peculiar to patients with CAL may have their origins in thoracic hyperinflation and the resultant disparity between inspiratory effort and ventilatory output.
An Experiment in Group Training of Social Workers for Leadership of Therapeuticalty Oriented Groups
Authors: Ilse M. Seglow, H. Kaye
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1968)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 An Experiment in Group Training of Social Workers for Leadership of Therapeuticalty Oriented Groups Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Ilse M. Seglow; Ilse M. Seglow London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. Kaye H. Kaye London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1968) 16 (1-3): 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285922 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ilse M. Seglow, H. Kaye; An Experiment in Group Training of Social Workers for Leadership of Therapeuticalty Oriented Groups. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1968; 16 (1-3): 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285922 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1968Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Mesenteric Inclusion Cyst
Authors: Michelle A. McMahon, Jenny Kerr, Martin J. O'Connell
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Classified according to lymphatic, mesothelial, enteric, or urothelium origin, mesenteric cysts may be asymptomatic or present with abdominal pain from pressure effects on adjacent organs. They commonly demonstrate dense marginal calcification on CT. A 62-year-old gentleman was referred for PET/CT for initial staging of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Incidental note was made of a cystic mass with dense marginal calcification in the small bowel mesentery consistent with a mesenteric inclusion cyst. This lesion did not accumulate F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG). Mesenteric cysts are rare benign intra-abdominal lesions that may be identified on PET/CT that should not be mistaken for calcified treated metastatic disease.
A theory of implicit and explicit knowledge
Authors: Zoltan Dienes, Josef Perner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The implicit-explicit distinction is applied to knowledge representations. Knowledge is taken to be an attitude towards a proposition which is true. The proposition itself predicates a property to some entity. A number of ways in which knowledge can be implicit or explicit emerge. If a higher aspect is known explicitly then each lower one must also be known explicitly. This partial hierarchy reduces the number of ways in which knowledge can be explicit. In the most important type of implicit knowledge, representations merely reflect the property of objects or events without predicating them of any particular entity. The clearest cases of explicit knowledge of a fact are representations of one's own attitude of knowing that fact. These distinctions are discussed in their relationship to similar distinctions such as procedural-declarative, conscious-unconscious, verbalizable-nonverbalizable, direct-indirect tests, and automatic-voluntary control. This is followed by an outline of how these distinctions can be used to integrate and relate the often divergent uses of the implicit-explicit distinction in different research areas. We illustrate this for visual perception, memory, cognitive development, and artificial grammar learning.