tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological Factors and Nomograms Predicting Non Sentinel Lymph Nodes Metastases after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: P. Gimbergues, C. Abrial, C. Abrial, X. Durando, X. Durando, G. Le Bouëdec, F. Cachin, F. Cachin, F. Penault-Llorca, M. Mouret-Reynier, M. Mouret-Reynier, F. Kwiatkowski, J. Maublant, J. Maublant, J. Maublant, A. Tchirkov, A. Tchirkov, J. Dauplat, P. Chollet, P. Chollet, P. Chollet
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background : Studies have demonstrated the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer. Some SLN-positive patients have low risk of non-sentinel lymph node (non-SLN) involvement. The aim of the present study performed on this group of SLN-positive patients after NAC was to determine clinicopathological factors associated with non-SLN involvement and to test scoring systems predicting the risk of additional nodal metastases currently available for SLN-positive patients not treated with NAC.Patients and methods : Patients with infiltrating breast carcinoma (n= 132) were studied prospectively. All patients received NAC. At surgery, SLN biopsy followed by axillary lymph node dissection was performed. Lymphatic mapping was done using the isotope method. Fifty-one patients were SLN positive.Results : In univariate analysis, tumor size more than 26 mm (P= 0.016) and the size of SLN metastases more than 2 mm (P= 0.0055) were significantly correlated with the presence of non-SLN metastases. In multivariate analysis, SLN macrometastases conferred a 10.2-fold greater risk of non-SLN positivity than SLN micrometastases (P= 0.047, 95%-confidence interval, 1.15-90.2). The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center nomogram was not reliably predictive for non-SLN metastases (AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, of 0.542), whereas the MD Anderson (AUC= 0.716) and Tenon scoring systems (AUC= 0.778) were validated.Conclusion: Our results suggest that clinicopathological factors predicting non-SLN involvement in SLN-positive patients with and without NAC are essentially the same. The risk of involvement may be assessed using existing nomograms, but additional large prospective studies are needed to determine their accuracy in patients after NAC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1011.
Validity of Criteria Used for Detecting Underuse of Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Richard L. Kravitz, Marianne Laouri, James P. Kahan, Peter M. Guzy, Todd Sherman, Lee H. Hilborne, Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To assess criteria used for detecting underuse of coronary artery revascularization procedures in terms of patient outcomes.Retrospective cohort study using medical records supplemented by a telephone survey and review of county death records.Four public hospitals and two academically affiliated private hospitals in Los Angeles County, California.A total of 671 patients who had coronary angiography between June 1, 1990 and September 30, 1991, and who met explicit clinical criteria for the necessity of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).For all patients (n = 671), we estimated the association between receipt of necessary revascularization and mortality (median follow-up after angiography, 797 days) after adjusting for potential confounders. For the patients completing the telephone interview (n = 374), we examined the relationship between receipt of necessary revascularization and frequency of chest pain.Patients who received necessary revascularization within 1 year of angiography had lower mortality than those who did not (8.7% vs 15.8%, P = .01), and this association persisted after adjustment for extent of coronary artery disease, clinical symptom complex, ejection fraction, and cardiac surgical risk index (adjusted odds ratio = 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.86). The same general results were obtained whether revascularization was received within 1 year or within 30 days of the catheterization, whether panelists' ratings or individual clinical variables were entered as covariates, and whether the statistical procedure used was logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards analysis. In addition, among patients responding to the telephone survey, those receiving necessary revascularization had less chest pain at follow-up (P = .03).Among patients meeting criteria for the necessity of revascularization, those receiving a revascularization procedure within 1 year had lower mortality than those treated medically. These results support the validity of the RAND/UCLA criteria for detecting underuse of these procedures, but more research is needed to confirm the findings and to determine the validity of guidelines for other procedures.
Specific binding of antigen onto human T lymphocytes.
Authors: A Durandy, A Fischer, D Charron, C Griscelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Human T lymphocytes sensitized to Candida albicans (CA) were shown to proliferate in cultures induced with mannan, a ramified polysaccharide extracted from the cell well of CA. We presently describe that, when we used strongly labeled [3H]mannan, antigen-specific T blast cells were able to bind the labeled mannan on their membrane. The observations that irrelevant blast cells did not bind [3H]mannan, and that mannan-specific blast cells did not bind tritiated pneumococcal polysaccharide SIII, indicate the specificity of mannan binding. Mannan binding was reversible and saturable. Mannan binding on T blast cells was inhibited by preincubation with monoclonal antibodies to T3 but not to other T cell-related molecules. The characteristics of this receptor suggest its identity with the T cell receptor for antigen. The direct binding of mannan could be either due to a cross-linking of the receptor by multivalent mannan or to a recognition of mannan in association with HLA-DQ molecules, as suggested by partial blocking of mannan binding using anti-HLA-DQ monoclonal antibodies.
India must use research evidence to tackle high burden of cervical cancer, experts say
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2013)

India needs immediately to translate its science research findings into effective policies to reduce the country’s huge burden of cervical cancer, researchers have urged.1

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women aged 15 or older in India. One in 53 Indian women in their lifetime develops cervical cancer, double the one in 100 in developed countries.2 India carries a quarter of the global burden of cervical cancer, and it is projected that at the current incidence India’s annual burden of new cases of cervical cancer would be 225 000 by 2025.

“We are recommending implementation of …
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
Authors: P. M. Bretland
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MEDBRITSH JUNsignificantly absorbed from the large areas of inflamed skin which may have to be treated.In his brief account of haemangiomata Dr. Beare mentions the ulceration which may occur in the larger cavernous lesions, particularly in areas which are readily traumatized.I have been impressed by the curious degree of pain from such ulcerated areas, and, for example, when they are present in the napkin area a child will often start crying as soon as it knows the napkin is going to be changed.-I am, etc., Bristol 8.
Therapeutic anti-EGFR antibody 806 generates responses in murine de novo EGFR mutant–dependent lung carcinomas
Authors: Danan Li, Hongbin Ji, Sara Zaghlul, Kate McNamara, Mei-Chih Liang, Takeshi Shimamura, Shigeto Kubo, Masaya Takahashi, Lucian R. Chirieac, Robert F. Padera, Andrew M. Scott, Achim A. Jungbluth, Webster K. Cavenee, Lloyd J. Old, George D. Demetri, Kwok-Kin Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Activating EGFR mutations occur in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with 5% of human lung squamous cell carcinomas having EGFRvIII mutations and approximately 10%–30% of lung adenocarcinomas having EGFR kinase domain mutations. An EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibody, mAb806, recognizes a conformational epitope of WT EGFR as well as the truncated EGFRvIII mutant. To explore the anticancer spectrum of this antibody for EGFR targeted cancer therapy, mAb806 was used to treat genetically engineered mice with lung tumors that were driven by either EGFRvIII or EGFR kinase domain mutations. Our results demonstrate that mAb806 is remarkably effective in blocking EGFRvIII signaling and inducing tumor cell apoptosis, resulting in dramatic tumor regression in the EGFRvIII-driven murine lung cancers. Another EGFR-targeting antibody, cetuximab, failed to show activity in these lung tumors. Furthermore, treatment of murine lung tumors driven by the EGFR kinase domain mutation with mAb806 also induced significant tumor regression, albeit to a less degree than that observed in EGFRvIII-driven tumors. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that mAb806 may lead to significant advancements in the treatment of the population of NSCLC patients with these 2 classes of EGFR mutations.
PWE-024 Prevalence of Chronic Gastrointestinal Side Effects Following Pelvic Radiotherapy in a Regional Oncology Centre
Authors: L Abraham, J Green, J Turner
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The chronic gastrointestinal (GI) side effects of pelvic radiotherapy (RT) can significantly impact on patients quality of life. The survival rates of many cancers are improving due to advances in multimodality therapies; consequently there is an emergent population of patients living with the long term side effects of their treatment. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of GI symptoms amongst patients treated with pelvic RT in a regional oncology centre (Velindre Hospital, Cardiff). <h3>Methods</h3> A search of the Cancer Network Information System Cymru (CANISC) database identified patients who had received radical radiotherapy for gynaecological, colorectal or urological malignancy between 1/1/08 and 30/6/08. This period was chosen to allow a reasonable time to lapse for the majority of chronic radiotherapy side effects to be present. Case notes were reviewed to ascertain patient demographics, treatment plans and symptoms reported. GI symptoms reported ≥3 months after the end of RT were included. Rates of toxicity were compared to those reported in BSG guidance.1 <h3>Results</h3> 295 patients (218 male) received radical pelvic RT. GI symptoms were recorded in 31% of patients. 9% described more than one symptom up to 4 years post-treatment. No particular malignancy site, age or gender experienced significantly more GI symptoms (p &gt; 0.05, Fisher exact, two tailed). Rates of potential toxicity were comparable to the BSG guidance for gynaecological (37.3% vs 40% respectively) and urological (28.7% vs 30%) malignancy.1 GI symptoms in the colorectal group were less than the BSG guidance (31.3 vs 66% &gt; short course RT and 50% &gt; chemo-radiation and surgery). The most prevalent symptoms were diarrhoea amongst gynaecological and colorectal patients and rectal bleeding amongst patients who had received treatment for prostatic carcinoma. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A significant proportion of patients experience GI symptoms, which may be due to pelvic RT. We are likely to have underestimated reported symptoms, as data was taken from case notes rather than prospective patient questionnaires. Our overall prevalence and distribution of chronic GI symptoms in radical pelvic radiotherapy patients is similar to that stated in the literature. The majority of existing data on this subject is from one centre (Royal Marsden Hospital). As our data is similar to their reported data it is likely that it is a true reflection of the problem nationally. Only a minority of patients have previously been referred to gastroenterologists – this has increased and will continue to do so because of awareness raised by the BSG guidance.1 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Andreyev HJN,<i></i><i>et al.</i> Practice guidance on the management of acute and chronic gastrointestinal problems arising as a result of treatment for cancer. Gut 2012; 61(2):179–92.
Diarrheal diseases in children from a water reclamation site in Mexico city.
Authors: Enrique Cifuentes, Leticia Suárez, Maritsa Solano, René Santos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

This study was conducted to assess the risk of enteric diseases among children living in a water reclamation area in Mexico City. A geographic information system was used to define eligible wells and surrounding homesteads. Sixty-five water samples from five wells were tested for fecal coliform bacteria per 100 mL (FC/100 mL) during visits to 750 eligible households; caretakers only in those dwellings with children under 5 years old were interviewed throughout repeated cross-sectional surveys, conducted during 1999-2000. Data on diarrheal diseases were obtained from 761 children during the rainy season and 732 children during the dry season; their guardians also provided information on drinking water supply, sanitation, and socioeconomic variables. The presence of indicator organisms in groundwater samples pointed to fecal pollution; bacterial indicators, however, did not predict the health risk. The rates of diarrhea were 10.7% in the dry season and 11.8% in the rainy season. Children 1 year old showed the highest rate of diarrhea during the dry season [odds ratio (OR) = 2.1 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-4.71], particularly those from households perceiving unpleasant taste of tap water (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.97-2.92) and consuming vegetables washed only with water (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.10-4.39). Lower risk was observed in individuals enjoying full-day water supply (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.27-0.86) and a flushing toilet (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.16-0.67), as well as those storing water in covered receptacles (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.15-0.80). Rainy season data suggested that children from households perceiving a color to their water had a higher rate of diarrhea than did those without such complaint (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.93-3.67); recent consumption of food sold by street vendors was also a significant risk factor (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.98-2.87). Groundwater is at risk of contamination, as indicated by the presence of FC/100 mL. The endemic pattern of diarrhea, however, reflects mostly inadequate housing, sanitation, and water-related practices. Health protection policy must be discussed.
Factors Influencing Publication of Research Results
Authors: Kay Dickersin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate factors associated with the publication of research findings, in particular, the association between "significant" results and publication. <h3>Design.</h3> —Follow-up study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Studies approved in 1980 or prior to 1980 by the two institutional review boards that serve The Johns Hopkins Health Institutions—one that serves the School of Medicine and Hospital and the other that serves the School of Hygiene and Public Health. <h3>Population.</h3> —A total of 737 studies were followed up. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the studies for which analyses had been reported as having been performed at the time of interview, 81% from the School of Medicine and Hospital and 66% from the School of Hygiene and Public Health had been published. Publication was not associated with sample size, presence of a comparison group, or type of study (eg, observational study vs clinical trial). External funding and multiple data collection sites were positively associated with publication. There was evidence of publication bias in that for both institutional review boards there was an association between results reported to be significant and publication (adjusted odds ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.63 to 3.94). Contrary to popular opinion, publication bias originates primarily with investigators, not journal editors: only six of the 124 studies not published were reported to have been rejected for publication. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —There is a statistically significant association between significant results and publication. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:374-378)
GLUCOSE AND INSULIN TOLERANCE: RELATION TO INSULIN SHOCK TREATMENT
Authors: MAURICE KAPLAN, A. A. LOW
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

1. Though the average blood sugar curve in 26 patients given a glucose tolerance test was within normal limits, only six of the individual curves were within normal limits. 2. The blood sugar curve obtained in the insulin tolerance test in these 26 patients was characterized by a marked prolongation of the time required for a return to the fasting level. 3. There was no correlation between the insulin and glucose tolerance tests and the average coma dose. 4. The onset of coma was dependent not only on a significant fall in the blood sugar level, but also on the length of time the low level was maintained.
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: separate or one and the same?
Authors: D.H. Ciocon, A.B. Kimball
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: separate or one and the same? Get access D.H. Ciocon, D.H. Ciocon Division of Dermatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1400 Pelham Parkway, South Bronx, NY 10461, U.S.A. *Department of Dermatology, Clinical Unit for Research Trials in Skin, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.B. Kimball A.B. Kimball Division of Dermatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1400 Pelham Parkway, South Bronx, NY 10461, U.S.A. *Department of Dermatology, Clinical Unit for Research Trials in Skin, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A. Correspondence: Alexa B. Kimball, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. E‐mail: harvardskinstudies@partners.org Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 5, 1 November 2007, Pages 850–860, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08148.x Published: 01 November 2007
Complement-mediated cytotoxicity and inhibition of ligand binding to hepatocytes by woodchuck hepatitis virus-induced autoantibodies to asialoglycoprotein receptor
Authors: Jingyu Diao, Norma D. Churchill, Tomasz I. Michalak
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hepadnavirus invasion in woodchucks has been identified as a potent inducer of autoantibodies against asialoglycoprotein receptor (anti-ASGPR), a molecule essentially unique to hepatocytes that mediate clearance of desialylated serum proteins. We evaluated the possible pathogenetic importance of anti-ASGPR triggered by woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), using anti-ASGPR-reactive serum immunoglobulins (Igs) from five animals with different stages of WHV hepatitis or self-limited WHV infection and isolated woodchuck hepatocytes or HepG2 cells as targets. The results revealed that WHV-induced anti-ASGPR can specifically inhibit asialoglycoprotein recognition by both homologous and heterologous liver cells, as tested in an asialofetuin (ASFN)-binding radioassay. However, the extent of the interference significantly varied (from 85% inhibition to none) for anti-ASGPR with similar titer from different animals, indicating a high degree of heterogeneity in the ASGPR epitope specificity and in the potential biological effects of these autoantibodies. The WHV-triggered anti-ASGPR also induced complement-mediated hepatocytolysis in a microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, which ranged from 8.9% +/- 0.3% to 33.6% +/- 3.6% (mean +/- SD) for different animals and target cell numbers. This cytopathic effect was strictly ASGPR-specific, complement-dependent, and was not related to the anti-ASGPR ability to inhibit ligand-hepatocyte binding. Our findings indicate that among pathways by which anti-ASGPR autoimmunity could cause liver damage, hepadnavirus-induced anti-ASGPR might impair hepatocytes by both disrupting clearance of desialylated proteins and activation of the complement-mediated cytolysis. These cytopathic effects might contribute to the pathogenesis, aggravate severity, and prolong recovery from liver injury in viral hepatitis.
Recent Developments in Blood Components Therapy
Authors: PHILLIP STURGEON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Blood transfusion therapy offers the special hazard of isoimmunization, possibly on first exposure and with increasing likelihood on subsequent exposures. In addition, contaminants such as viruses and unneeded components can present serious problems. The treatment of coagulation deficiencies has made great advances, but problems are still substantial. The gamma globulins have become increasingly significant in the prevention and treatment of certain illnesses. There is great need for both increased accuracy in crossmatching and for more efficient use of specific components.
Laboratory Guide in Elementary Bacteriology
Authors: William Dodge Frost
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE EFFECT OF CARPERITIDE ON THE CHRONIC OUTCOMES AFTER CATHETER ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Kazuyuki Maeda, Tomofumi Mizuno, Hiroaki Takashima, Kenji Asai, Yasuo Kuroda, Katsuhisa Waseda, Takashi Kosaka, Yasushi Kuhara, Akiyoshi Kurita, Shinichirou Sakurai, Daiki Kato, Toru Niwa, Tetsuya Amano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Specialist surgeons and survival in breast cancer
Authors: R A Haward, D Forman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1-Data available from trial comparng short term (five years') treatment with adjuvant tamoxifen with longer term treatment (eight years and seven months) for breast cancer.Figures are numbers of women except where otherwise stated Short term Long term treatment treatment Survival (%) 96 94 (P = 0.11) Event free survival (%) 92 86 (P = 0.016) Recurrence 10 23 Death 13 23 Cancer in contralateral breast 5 6 Second primaries 16 24unpublished data.Table 1 gives the data, which are available under the American Freedom of Information Act.Baum and Cuzick believe that the statistical analysis is highly unreliable and that the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, the National Cancer Institute and its independent