tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy With cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone (CVPP) for hodgkin disease: Fourteen‐year follow‐up results
Authors: Kathryn E. Dusenbery, Bruce A. Peterson, Clara D. Bloomfield
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Thirty‐eight patients with advanced Hodgkin disease were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone (CVPP) from 1970 to 1973 and followed prospectively. Long‐term results after a median follow‐up of 14 years are reported. Seventeen of the 28 complete responders (61%) survived more than 10 years from the initiation of chemotherapy. At the current time, 12 of the 28 patients (43%) are continuously disease‐free 12.8 to 15.3 years after completing induction chemotherapy. Two additional patients are alive in third and fifth remissions. All relapses occurred within 5.5 years of completing induction chemotherapy. Late complications included sterility, aseptic osteonecrosis, severe pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic uveitis. Four of the complete responders (14%) developed second neoplasms, including acute myelogenous leukemia, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and small cell carcinoma of the lung. All second malignancies were fatal and developed 5‐13 years after initiation of induction chemotherapy. Our data confirm that cure is possible with alternative regimens to MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone).
The potent anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of a sterile rabbit inflammatory fluid is due to a 14-kD phospholipase A2.
Authors: Y Weinrauch, P Elsbach, L M Madsen, A Foreman, J Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The cell-free fluid (ascitic fluid, AF) of a sterile inflammatory peritoneal exudate elicited in rabbits is potently bactericidal for complement-resistant gram-negative as well as gram-positive bacterial species. This activity is absent in plasma. We now show that essentially all activity in AF against Staphylococcus aureus is attributable to a group II 14-kD phospholipase A2 (PLA2), previously purified from AF in this laboratory. Antistaphylococcal activity of purified PLA2 and of whole AF containing a corresponding amount of PLA2 was comparable and blocked by anti-AF-PLA2 serum. At concentrations present in AF (approximately 10 nM), AF PLA2 kills > 2 logs of 10(6) S. aureus/ml, including methicillin-resistant clinical isolates, and other species of gram-positive bacteria. Human group II PLA2 displays similar bactericidal activity toward S. aureus (LD90 approximately 1-5 nM), whereas 14-kD PLA2 from pig pancreas and snake venom are inactive even at micromolar doses. Bacterial killing by PLA2 requires Ca2+ and catalytic activity and is accompanied by bacterial phospholipolysis and disruption of the bacterial cell membrane and cell wall. These findings reveal that group II extracellular PLA2, the function of which at inflammatory sites has been unclear, is an extraordinarily potent endogenous antibiotic against S. aureus and other gram-positive bacteria.
A Cross-national Comparison of Generalist Physician Workforce Data
Authors: Michael E. Whitcomb
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To assess the adequacy of the US generalist physician workforce using population-based, cross-national physician workforce data.A comparative analysis of physician workforce data obtained from primary sources in Canada in 1991 and from England and Germany in 1993.Generalist physician-to-population ratios were calculated for each country and the results compared in the context of how primary care services are delivered. The findings were used to create a framework for analyzing the adequacy of the generalist physician workforce of the United States.The comparability of the number of primary care providers per 100 000 population in the US physician workforce with the number in Canada, England, and Germany.On a population basis, the size of the full-time US generalist physician workforce is larger than that of England, similar to that of Germany, and smaller than that of Canada. These size differences are largely reconciled when one takes into account differences in the way primary care services are delivered, the degree to which nurse practitioners are employed in each country, and the degree to which nongeneralist physicians provide primary care services.The size of the US generalist physician workforce is currently adequate to meet the needs of the population. Policies designed to greatly expand the size of the US generalist physician workforce are ill-conceived.
Spontaneous fracture of an uncovered enteral stent with proximal migration of fractured segment into cervical esophagus: first report
Authors: A. Goenka, P. Garg, R. Sharma, B. Sharma
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 50-year-old woman underwent endoscopic placement of a biliary self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) and a 22 × 90 mm WallFlex™ duodenal stent (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) across an inoperable periampullary adenocarcinoma. Eighteen months later, the patient presented with nonbilious vomiting. A clinical diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction due to disease progression was made. Endoscopy revealed a normal esophagus, dilated stomach, and narrowing between the first and second parts of the duodenum, but the stent was not clearly visualized.
Risk of cancer of the breast after legal abortion during first trimester: a Swedish register study.
Authors: B. M. Harris, G. Eklund, O. Meirik, L. E. Rutqvist, K. Wiklund
Journal: BMJ (1989)

An increase in induced abortions in Sweden has been accompanied by an increase in the incidence of breast cancer of about 40% in women aged 20-44. To assess whether the apparent risk is real the risk of breast cancer was investigated in practically all Swedish women with a history of a legal abortion in the first trimester before the age of 30 during 1966-74 (n = 49,000). The cohort was followed up in the Swedish cancer register to identify cases of breast cancer diagnosed more than five years after the abortion until the end of 1984. The number of observed cases of breast cancer was 65 compared with an expected number of 84.5, estimated from the contemporary Swedish population with due consideration to age, giving a relative risk of 0.8 (95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.99). Contrary to most earlier reports, this study did not indicate any overall increased risk of breast cancer after an induced abortion in the first trimester in young women.
John Anthony Dyde
Authors: B. Ross
Journal: BMJ (2010)

John Anthony Dyde (“Tony”) was born in Plymouth to John Horsfall Dyde and Ethel May Dyde (nee Hewitt). His father was one of the officers in the gas industry responsible for bringing North Sea natural gas to Britain. He rose to become chairman of Eastern Gas Board and was awarded an OBE and later appointed CBE.

Tony was educated at Rugby School from an early age as a result of the damage to Plymouth at the beginning of the second world war. He remained at Rugby, in Michell House, achieving well academically. He was a superb all round ball player, excelling at cricket, hockey, and rugby football. He went up …
Role of afterload in determining regional right ventricular performance during coronary underperfusion in dogs.
Authors: Y Urabe, H Tomoike, K Ohzono, S Koyanagi, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The relationship between coronary perfusion pressure and regional myocardial performance of the right ventricular free wall was studied, in the presence or absence of right ventricular hypertension in 13 open-chest dogs. The right coronary artery was perfused through a shunt from a carotid artery. Regional systolic shortening of the right ventricular free wall was measured by means of a sonomicrometric technique at various levels of coronary perfusion pressure. Regional shortening was insensitive to coronary perfusion pressure or flow when it was above 31 mm Hg or 0.27 ml/min per g. Once coronary perfusion was below this critical level, regional shortening in both base to apex and circumferential orientations decreased linearly, depending on the degree of perfusion pressure. Despite the presence of a monoexponential relationship between coronary perfusion pressure or flow and regional shortening, a direct linear relation between perfusion pressure and flow was consistently noted, with or without pulmonary artery banding, suggesting that there is limited autoregulation of right coronary flow. The critical perfusion pressure for maintaining regional myocardial function of the right ventricle was highly dependent on the level of right ventricular systolic pressure (r = 0.64 - 0.72, P less than 0.05). Thus, right ventricular systolic pressure was one of the important determinants of regional wall motion during coronary underperfusion.
IMPACT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON LONG-TERM OUTCOMES IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS TREATED WITH PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION AND ALTERNATIVE ANTITHROMBOTIC TREATMENT STRATEGIES: A HORIZONS-AMI SUBSTUDY
Authors: Adam J. Saltzman, Bimmer E. Claessen, Amar Narula, Giora Weisz, Bruce Brodie, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giulio Guagliumi, Ran Kornowski, Dariusz Dudek, Alexandra J. Lansky, Eugenia Nikolsky, George D. Dangas, Gregg W. Stone, Roxana Mehran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
THE FACTS IN REGARD TO CANCER OF THE TONGUE
Authors: Joseph Colt Bloodgood
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, July 25, p. 311, appears the following brief review of an article in the<i>Revista de Cirurgía</i>(<b>4</b>:55 [April] 1925), by Avelino Gutiérrez, entitled "Extirpation of the Tongue." Gutiérrez illustrates the technic he has successfully applied, but warns that the patient has, for a long time, to feed himself through a stomach tube. The glands must be removed, even with a small cancer in the tongue. Physicians should know the real facts about the results in the operative treatment of cancer; if they do, they will realize that the percentage of cures of cancer depends today more on the improvement of the method and the extension of the education of the public and the profession, than on any extension of the operation, or improvement in the treatment with roentgen rays or with radium. InThe Journal, July 16, 1921, p. 220, I summarized
Overexpression of OATP1B3 Confers Apoptotic Resistance in Colon Cancer
Authors: Wooin Lee, Abbes Belkhiri, A. Craig Lockhart, Nipun Merchant, Hartmut Glaeser, Elizabeth I. Harris, M. Kay Washington, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Alex Zaika, Richard B. Kim, Wael El-Rifai
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3, SLCO1B3) is normally expressed in hepatocytes. In this study, we showed frequent overexpression of OATP1B3 in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of 17 colon tumors indicated tumoral overexpression of OATP1B3 by ∼100-fold, compared with 20 normal colon samples (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Using immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 93 evaluable colon tumor specimens, we detected immunostaining of OATP1B3 in 75 colon adenocarcinomas (81%) and no immunostaining in normal samples. To determine the functional effects of OATP1B3 expression on drug-induced apoptosis, we used camptothecin and oxaliplatin on a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines stably overexpressing OATP1B3. The results indicated that OATP1B3 overexpression enhanced cell survival in RKO, HCT-8, and HCT116p53+/+ cells that harbor wild-type p53 but not in Caco-2 and HCT116p53−/− cells that lack p53, compared with the respective empty vector controls (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling assay confirmed that HCT116p53+/+ cells overexpressing OATP1B3 had significantly lower apoptotic levels compared with empty vector control (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The overexpression of OATP1B3 reduced the transcriptional activity of p53, with subsequent reductions in transcript and protein levels of its downstream transcription targets (P21WAF1 and PUMA). Overexpression of a point mutation (G583E) variant of OATP1B3 lacking transport activity did not confer an antiapoptotic effect or affect p53 transcriptional activity, suggesting that the antiapoptotic effect of OATP1B3 may be associated with its transport activity. Taken together, our results suggest that OATP1B3 overexpression in colorectal cancer cells may provide a survival advantage by altering p53-dependent pathways. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10315–23]
Modeling Contact Guidance and Invasion by Cancer Cells
Authors: Leonard M. Sander
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The first step in the spread of cancer is invasion by malignant cells of the normal tissue surrounding a tumor. There is considerable evidence both in vitro and in vivo that mechanical interactions with the tissue, in particular with the biopolymer network that makes up the extracellular matrix (ECM), are important factors in invasion. The interactions take two forms: (i) contractile cells on the surface of the tumor act on the nearby ECM and remodel it; in some cases, they align the fibers of the biopolymers; (ii) the aligned fibers can enhance invasion via contact guidance, the tendency of motile cells to follow alignment. Here, we give evidence, mainly for in vitro systems, that both effects are important. We discuss how alignment occurs in biopolymers such as collagen-I (a major component of the ECM). We propose a modeling framework for computing alignment and propose phenomenologic models for contact guidance. See all articles in this Cancer Research section, “Physics in Cancer Research.” Cancer Res; 74(17); 4588–96. ©2014 AACR.
Questionnaire survey of thrombolytic treatment in accident and emergency departments in the United Kingdom
Authors: S. Hood, D. Birnie, L. Swan, W S. Hillis
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Numerous randomised trials have shown that thrombolytic treatment reduces mortality from acute myocardial infarction irrespective of the patient's age, sex, blood pressure, and previous history of myocardial infarction or diabetes.1 Maximum benefit, however, is seen in those patients treated within 4–6 hours of their symptoms starting. Patients do not always seek medical help soon enough, and this accounts for much of the delay in receiving thrombolytic treatment, but important delays also occur in hospital. These are not related to the route by which the patient is admitted to hospital and vary widely between hospitals.2

Although accident and emergency departments are in an important position to minimise any delay in giving thrombolytic treatment, a recent questionnaire study of junior hospital doctors in Scotland showed that thrombolysis is rarely given in accident and emergency departments there.3 We surveyed consultants in accident and emergency departments …
The effects of thrombin inhibition and antiplatelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on platelet deposition in an ex vivoangioplasty model
Authors: Aaron V. Kaplan, Lawrence L.K. Leung, Wing-Hung Leung, Gordon W. Grant, I.Ross McDougall, Tim A. Fischell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Control of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
Authors: Kwan Kew Lai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 June 1997Control of Vancomycin-Resistant EnterococcusKwan Kew Lai, MDKwan Kew Lai, MDUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655-0238Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent article by Slaughter and colleagues [1] comparing the effect of universal use of gloves and gowns with that of universal glove use alone in a medical intensive care unit showed that the use of gloves and gowns was no better than the use of gloves only in preventing rectal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci. We compared the cost of our glove and gown use before and after an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in our institution. The annual cost of glove use was $28 602 before the outbreak and $31 483 after the start of the outbreak, ...References1. Slaughter S, Hayden MK, Nathan C, Hu TC, Rice T, Van Voorhis J, et al. A comparison of the effect of universal use of gloves and gowns with that of glove use alone on the acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a medical intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:448-56. Google Scholar2. Larson E. Compliance with isolation technique. Am J Infect Control. 1983; 11:221-5. Google Scholar3. Pettinger A, Nettleman MD. Epidemiology of isolation precautions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1991; 12:303-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655-0238 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByControversies in Antimicrobial StewardshipInfection control measures to limit antimicrobial resistance 15 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 12Page: 1000-1001KeywordsIntensive care unitsMedical intensive care unitsVancomycin resistant enterococcus Issue Published: 15 June 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of Testosterone Supplementation on Functional Mobility, Cognition, and Other Parameters in Older Men
Authors: Marielle H. Emmelot-Vonk, Harald J. J. Verhaar, Hamid R. Nakhai Pour, André Aleman, Tycho M. T. W. Lock, J. L. H. Ruud Bosch, Diederick E. Grobbee, Yvonne T. van der Schouw
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Serum testosterone levels decline significantly with aging. Testosterone supplementation to older men might beneficially affect the aging processes.To investigate the effect of testosterone supplementation on functional mobility, cognitive function, bone mineral density, body composition, plasma lipids, quality of life, and safety parameters in older men with low normal testosterone levels.Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 237 healthy men between the ages of 60 and 80 years with a testosterone level lower than 13.7 nmol/L conducted from January 2004 to April 2005 at a university medical center in the Netherlands.Participants were randomly assigned to receive 80 mg of testosterone undecenoate or a matching placebo twice daily for 6 months.Functional mobility (Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire, timed get up and go test, isometric handgrip strength, isometric leg extensor strength), cognitive function (8 different cognitive instruments), bone mineral density of the hip and lumbar spine (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning), body composition (total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal ultrasound of fat mass), metabolic risk factors (fasting plasma lipids, glucose, and insulin), quality of life (Short-Form Health 36 Survey and the Questions on Life Satisfaction Modules), and safety parameters (serum prostate-specific antigen level, ultrasonographic prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom score, serum levels of creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, hemoglobin, and hematocrit).A total of 207 men completed the study. During the study, lean body mass increased and fat mass decreased in the testosterone group compared with the placebo group but these factors were not accompanied by an increase of functional mobility or muscle strength. Cognitive function and bone mineral density did not change. Insulin sensitivity improved but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased; by the end of the study, 47.8% in the testosterone group vs 35.5% in the placebo group had the metabolic syndrome (P = .07). Quality-of-life measures were no different except for one hormone-related quality-of-life measure that improved. No negative effects on prostate safety were detected.Testosterone supplementation during 6 months to older men with a low normal testosterone concentration did not affect functional status or cognition but increased lean body mass and had mixed metabolic effects.isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN23688581.
The use of chlorambucil in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid
Authors: A. Mllligan, P.E. Hutchinson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

In the treatment of bullous pemphigoid (BP), the use of azathioprine has been found to decrease the total dosage requirement of systemic steroid by 45%.1 There is evidence that chlorambucil is a more potent immunosuppressant than azathioprine, but there is scant reference to its use in BP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of chlorambucil in the treatment of BP, with particular reference to its steroid-sparing capacity. Seventeen consecutive patients with a diagnosis of BP based on clinical, histological and immunological findings were recruited into the study. The only exclusion criterion was an initial platelet count of < 200 × 10 9/1. The starting dose of prednisolone was 40–60 mg/day and of chlorambucil 5–10 mg/day, following which there was a fixed protocol for dosage reduction. If relapse occurred, the dosage was increased to a previous point on the protocol, depending on severity of relapse, and dosage reduction was re-started after total suppression of the development of new blisters. The platelet count was carefully monitored and the dosage of chlorambucil was further reduced from the protocol if a consistent decrease was observed, and it was temporarily stopped if a platelet count of < 200 × 10 9/1 occurred. Fifteen patients completed the therapy and went into complete remission. Two patients died during treatment, one of pneumonia and one of pulmonary embolism and pneumonia. The mean total duration of therapy was less than 6 months. The mean total dosage of prednisolone was < 50% of that reported for prednisolone and azathioprine. It is concluded that chlorambucil is a highly effective treatment for bullous pemphigoid.
Antibacterial activity of human natural killer cells.
Authors: P Garcia-Peñarrubia, F T Koster, R O Kelley, T D McDowell, A D Bankhurst
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The in vitro effects of human NK cells on viability of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was investigated. PBLs depleted of glass-adherent cells showed a significant antibacterial activity that was increased as the concentration of NK cells became higher. Leu-11-enriched cells exhibited the most efficient bactericidal activity. Stimulation of NK cells with staphylococcal enterotoxin B for 16 h produced a significant increase in the antibacterial activity of all NK cells tested. The antibacterial activity of monocyte-depleted cells and Leu-11-enriched cells was also enhanced after culturing in vitro for 16-24 h without exogenous cytokines. Dependence of the antibacterial activity on the presence of serum in the culture medium was not found. Ultrastructural studies revealed close contact between NK cell membranes and bacteria, no evidence of phagocytosis, and extracellular bacterial ghosts, after incubation at 37 degrees C. Supernatants from purified NK cells exhibited potent bactericidal activity with kinetics and target specificity similar to that of effector cells. These results document the potent antibacterial activity of purified NK cells and suggest an extracellular mechanism of killing.