tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BLT1-dependent Alveolar Recruitment of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Regulatory T Cells Is Important for Resolution of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Luman Wang, Lina Zhao, Jiaoyan Lv, Qili Yin, Xiaoyu Liang, Yiwei Chu, Rui He
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Recent study has demonstrated that CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) contribute to the resolution of an experimental acute lung injury (ALI). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the alveolar recruitment of Treg remains unclear.To determine the role of BLT1, a chemotactic receptor for leukotriene B4 (LTB4), in Treg recruitment to BALF of LPS-induced ALI.We examined BLT1 expression in mouse and human Tregs and evaluated its role in mediating Treg migration in vitro and in vivo.We found that BLT1 expression was strongly up-regulated in Tregs on activation, and that BLT1 mediated the migration of activated, but not resting, Tregs toward LTB4 in vitro. LTB4 levels were persistently elevated in BALF of LPS-induced ALI. Blockade of LTB4-BLT1 pathway by administrating antagonists 1 day after LPS exposure significantly decreased BALF Treg numbers and impaired resolution of ALI characterized by persistent BALF protein, neutrophilic infiltrates, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, there were significantly less BLT1(-/-) Tregs than wild-type Tregs migrating to BALF of LPS-exposed recipient Rag-1(-/-) mice after adoptive transfer (point estimate 299.73; 95% confidence interval, 255.77-343.69; P < 0.00001), and the impaired alveolar recruitment of BLT1(-/-) Tregs caused the inability to restore the resolution of ALI.Our findings reveal a novel antiinflammatory role of BLT1 in the resolution of ALI by mediating the alveolar recruitment of Tregs, and indicate that therapies aimed at interrupting the LTB4-BLT1 pathway after ALI onset could be harmful to the resolution of ALI.
Growth of asthmatic children during treatment with budesonide: a double blind trial.
Authors: O D Wolthers, S Pedersen
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether the inhaled glucocorticosteroid budesonide has any adverse effect on short term linear growth in children with mild asthma. SETTING--Outpatient clinic in secondary referral centre. PATIENTS--15 children aged 6-13 years with normal statural growth velocity during the previous year, no signs of puberty, and no use of systemic or topical steroids in the two months before the study. DESIGN OF INTERVENTIONS--Double blind, randomised crossover trial with two active periods in which budesonide was given in divided daily doses of 200 micrograms and 800 micrograms. During run in and two washout periods placebo was given. After the second washout period the children received open treatment with 400 micrograms budesonide daily. All periods were of 18 days9 duration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Growth of the lower leg as measured twice a week by knemometry. RESULTS--Mean growth velocity of the lower leg was 0.63 mm/week during run in and during washout 0.64 mm/week. Budesonide treatment was associated with a significant dose related reduction of growth velocity: the mean reduction in growth velocity during treatment was 0.11 (95% confidence interval -0.15 0.36 (0.13 to 0.59) mm/week with 800 micrograms budesonide (p less than 0.05; Page9s test). During treatment with 400 micrograms budesonide a reduction of 0.17 (-0.10 to 0.45) mm/week was found. CONCLUSIONS--Treatment with inhaled budesonide is associated with a dose related suppression of short term linear growth in children with mild asthma.
Dihydropyridine and beta adrenergic receptor binding in dogs with tachycardia-induced atrial fibrillation
Authors: R Gaspo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Background: We have shown that rapid atrial activation, as occurs during atrial fibrillation (AF), reduces L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) and that this is the principal mechanism of the action potential duration and refractoriness changes that characterize tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling. The present study was designed to determine whether atrial tachycardia alters biochemical indices of the number of L-type Ca2+ channels and/or of the number and binding affinity of β-adrenergic receptors. Methods: In canine atrial sarcolemmal preparations, the number and binding affinity of dihydropyridine receptors were determined with the use of 3H-nitrendipine and that of β-adrenergic receptors with 125I-iodocyanopindolol. Results were obtained with preparations from dogs paced at 400/min for 1 (P1, n=20), 7 (P7, n=9), and 42 (P42, n=9) days, and compared with observations in sham-operated controls (P0, n=14). Results: Pacing reduced the Bmax of dihydropyridine receptors, from 157±18 fmol/mg (P0) to 116±9 fmol/mg (P1, P <0.05), 100±14 fmol/mg (P7, P <0.05) and 94±9 fmol/mg (P42, P <0 .01). The affinity of dihydropyridine receptors was unchanged, with the Kd averaging 711±102 pM, 656±74 pM, 633±155 pM and 585±92 pM in P0, P1, P7 and P42 dogs. Neither Bmax nor Kd of β-adrenergic receptors was altered by rapid pacing. Values of Bmax of dihydropyridine receptors correlated with atrial ICa current density (r2=0.95) and ERP (r2=0.99). Conclusions: Rapid atrial activation results in downregulation in the number of dihydropyridine receptors without altering the number or affinity of β-adrenergic receptors. The reductions in ICa that play an important role in the atrial electrical remodeling by which 'AF begets AF' appear to be due at least in part to a decrease in the number of L-type Ca2+ channels in cardiac cell membranes.
National Health Service reorganisation
Authors: M G Revill
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Teaching hospitals tend to have a welldeveloped pecking order.Original thought may be stifled owing to fear of stepping out of line.On the other hand, if in all branches of medicine a few doctors are encouraged to look critically at established procedures the results can be very stimulating.What better way to do this than to encourage all doctors to attempt some research, even if only a few are prepared to try ?Many of us are aware that professorial units have a stranglehold on appointments, but we should not allow them to have the same control over new ideas.Doctors at the periphery should not have their noses permanently stuck to the grindstone-if they did we would still be cupping and bleeding.
Effect of acute hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia on polymorphonuclear functions in healthy subjects
Authors: Vladimíra Fejfarová, Alexandra Jirkovská, Jana Lupínková, Jan Kovář, Ján Kalanin, Ilja Stříž, Jelena Skibová, Petr Bouček, Terezie Pelikánová
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
An Assessment of Postoperative Outpatient Cases
Authors: T. W. Ogg
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A total of 100 outpatients in the North-East of Scotland were given a simple anaesthetic of propanidid, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane. The study was undertaken to assess what happened to patients when they left hospital after outpatient surgery. An outpatient questionnaire was used, and results show that 31% of patients journeyed home unaccompanied by a responsible person, 73% of car owners drove within 24 hours of the operation, and 9% drove themselves home. Postoperative symptoms of drowsiness (26%), headache (27%), nausea (22%), and dizziness (11%) were recorded, and a higher incidence of symptoms was recorded when surgery exceeded 15 minutes. A new form for outpatient operative procedures in Aberdeen has been devised with modern legal implications in mind.
Psychotherapy for Depression in Diabetes
Authors: William Rifkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters6 July 1999Psychotherapy for Depression in DiabetesWilliam Rifkin, MDWilliam Rifkin, MDLong Island Jewish Medical Center; New Hyde Park, NY 11040 (Rifkin)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-1-199907060-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Lustman and colleagues' trial (1) on the use of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for depression in type 2 diabetes raises several methodologic and ethical questions. As was noted in the accompanying editorial (2), no true control group was used. Specifically, because both the CBT group and the “control” group received diabetic counseling, while only the CBT group was exposed to depression-specific treatment, the comparison boiled down to CBT versus nothing.In this way, the authors have failed to truly examine the effectiveness of CBT. What they have shown is that CBT is literally better than nothing in ...References1. Lustman PJ, Griffith LS, Freedland KE, Kissel SS, Clouse RE. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:613-21. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Jacobson AM, Weinger K. Treating depression in diabetic patients: is there an alternative to medications? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:656-7. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Long Island Jewish Medical Center; New Hyde Park, NY 11040 (Rifkin) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patrick J. Lustman , Linda S. Griffith , Kenneth E. Freedland , Sarah S. Kissel , and Ray E. Clouse Psychotherapy for Depression in Diabetes Andrew F. Shorr and Franklin G. Miller Psychotherapy for Depression in Diabetes Patrick J. Lustman , Kenneth E. Freedland , and Ray E. Clouse Metrics 6 July 1999Volume 131, Issue 1Page: 70KeywordsClinical trialsCognitive behavior therapyDepressionDrug therapyHypoglycemicsMajor depressive disorderType 2 diabetes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 6 July 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Biological Gradient Between Long-Term Arsenic Exposure and Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chih-Hao Wang, Jiann-Shing Jeng, Ping-Keung Yip, Chi-Ling Chen, Lin-I Hsu, Yu-Mei Hsueh, Hung-Yi Chiou, Meei-Mann Wu, Chien-Jen Chen
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Long-term exposure to ingested arsenic has been documented to induce peripheral vascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and cerebral infarction in a dose-response relationship. This study further examined the biological gradient between ingested inorganic arsenic and carotid atherosclerosis.We studied 199 male and 264 female adult residents from the southwestern area of endemic arseniasis in Taiwan. The extent of carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by duplex ultrasonography. Diabetes mellitus was determined by oral glucose tolerance test, hypertension by mercury sphygmomanometers, and serum lipid profiles by autoanalyzers. Information regarding the consumption of high-arsenic artesian well water, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption was obtained through standardized questionnaire interviews. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio and its 95% CI of carotid atherosclerosis for various risk factors. Three indices of long-term exposure to ingested arsenic, including the duration of consuming artesian well water, the average arsenic concentration in consumed artesian well water, and cumulative arsenic exposure, were all significantly associated with prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in a dose-response relationship. The biological gradient remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, waist-to-hip ratio, and serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio was 3.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 7.4) for those who had a cumulative arsenic exposure of > or =20 mg/L-years compared with those without exposure to arsenic from drinking artesian well water.Carotid atherosclerosis is associated with ingested inorganic arsenic, showing a significant biological gradient.
P189 Reduced COPD Exacerbations Associated with Aclidinium Bromide Versus Placebo: A Pooled Analysis of Phase III Data
Authors: Paul W Jones, Dave Singh, Edward Kerwin, Rosa Lamarca, Cynthia Caracta, Esther Garcia Gil
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and objective</h3> Aclidinium bromide is a novel, long-acting, inhaled muscarinic antagonist indicated for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is characterised by periodic worsening of symptoms (exacerbations) that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Here, we report the results of a pooled analysis of aclidinium on exacerbations. <h3>Methods</h3> Data from two Phase III studies (3-month ACCORD COPD I and 6-month ATTAIN) were included in this analysis<i>.</i> Both were designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aclidinium 200 µg and 400 µg (metered dose) BID versus placebo (primary endpoint: change from baseline in FEV1). Adults (aged ≥40 years) with moderate-to-severe COPD, who were current/former smokers with a smoking history ≥10 pack-years, were included. Exacerbations (additional endpoint) were assessed in both studies using healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) criteria (increase in symptoms for ≥2 consecutive days that required increased medication use or other medical intervention) and, in ATTAIN only, with the Exacerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool (EXACT [daily diary card data with exacerbations defined according to the developer’s criteria]). Neither study was individually powered to assess treatment differences in exacerbation frequency. In this pooled analysis, exacerbation rate ratios (per patient/year for aclidinium versus placebo) were analyzed using a Poisson regression model corrected for over-dispersion; 95% confidence intervals and p-values were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> Data for 1378 patients were included; the majority (62%) were male with a mean age of approximately 63 years. At baseline, &gt;60% of patients were classed as GOLD stage II (moderate), and 31% reported ≥1 exacerbations in the previous 12 months. In both studies, there was a trend towards relative reduction (approximately 30%) in the rate of moderate or severe exacerbations (requiring antibiotic or corticosteroid treatment, or hospitalisation) with both aclidinium doses versus placebo (Figure). A significant reduction in moderate or severe exacerbation rate was observed with aclidinium 400 µg versus placebo when data from both studies were pooled (0.31 vs 0.44; rate ratio 0.71, p=0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This pooled analysis provides evidence to support a reduction in moderate or severe COPD exacerbations with aclidinium 200 µg and 400 µg BID compared with placebo.
Antithrombin-heparin covalent complex reduces microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass in a pig model
Authors: Petr Klement, Leslie R. Berry, Peng Liao, Henry Wood, Paul Tressel, Lesley J. Smith, Nihal Haque, Jeffery I. Weitz, Jack Hirsh, Nethnapha Paredes, Anthony K.C. Chan
Journal: Blood (2010)
Vincristine Sulfate in Management of Wilms' Tumor
Authors: Margaret P. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Four children with inoperable unilateral Wilms' tumor were given vincristine sulfate in lieu of preoperative irradiation therapy. Two to four doses of vincristine were given to each child. In each case, there was prompt and dramatic regression in all demonstrable tumor sites. The time from the beginning of chemotherapy to nephrectomy ranged from 12 to 21 days. After nephrectomy, weekly treatments of vincristine were continued for a total of 12 injections, and the abdominal tumor bed was irradiated. If pulmonary metastases were demonstrable, the entire thorax was also irradiated. At present, all four children are living without evidence of malignant disease, 5 to 21 months after vincristine therapy was begun.
Serum vitamin E concentrations at 1 year and risk of atopy, atopic dermatitis, wheezing, and asthma in childhood: the <scp>PASTURE</scp> study
Authors: B. I. Nwaru, S. M. Virtanen, G. Alfthan, A. M. Karvonen, J. Genuneit, R. P. Lauener, J.‐C. Dalphin, A. Hyvärinen, P. Pfefferle, J. Riedler, J. Weber, C. Roduit, V. Kaulek, C. Braun‐Fahrländer, E. von Mutius, J. Pekkanen
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Prospective studies investigating the role of serum vitamin E concentrations during early life in the development of childhood allergies and asthma are limited. Objective To study the associations between serum vitamin E concentrations at first year of life and longitudinal development of atopy, atopic dermatitis, wheeze, and asthma up to 6 years of age. Methods The setting was the PASTURE study, a multicenter prospective birth cohort study in five European rural settings. Children of 1133 mothers recruited during pregnancy were followed from birth with measurement of serum vitamin E levels at year 1 and repeated assessments of serum immunoglobulin E antibodies (year 1, 4.5, 6), atopic dermatitis, wheezing symptoms, and asthma (year 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Results At 6 years of age, 66% and 82% of the original 1133 subjects underwent blood test for IgE and answered the questionnaire, respectively. We did not observe any statistically significant associations between serum vitamin E concentrations at year 1 and the endpoints, but borderline inverse associations between alpha tocopherol and wheezing without cold ( OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.19–1.09) and any wheezing symptom ( OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27–1.02). Conclusions Serum vitamin E concentrations at year 1 were not associated with allergies or asthma by 6 years of age. While further prospective studies with repeated assessments of vitamin E during early life may clarify its putative role in the development of the diseases, it is also possible that the antioxidant hypothesis in the development of allergies and asthma does not hold.
TMEFF2 Deregulation Contributes to Gastric Carcinogenesis and Indicates Poor Survival Outcome
Authors: Tiantian Sun, Wan Du, Hua Xiong, Yanan Yu, Yurong Weng, Linlin Ren, Huijun Zhao, Yingchao Wang, Yingxuan Chen, Jie Xu, Yongbing Xiang, Wenxin Qin, Weibiao Cao, Weiping Zou, Haoyan Chen, Jie Hong, Jing-Yuan Fang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

The role and clinical implication of the transmembrane protein with EGF and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) in gastric cancer is poorly understood.Gene expression profile analyses were performed and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to explore its gene signatures. AGS and MKN45 cells were transfected with TMEFF2 or control plasmids and analyzed for gene expression patterns, proliferation, and apoptosis. TMEFF2 expression was knocked down with shRNAs, and the effects on genome stability were assessed. Interactions between TMEFF2 and SHP-1 were determined by mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation assays.Integrated analysis revealed that TMEFF2 expression was significantly decreased in gastric cancer cases and its expression was negatively correlated with the poor pathologic stage, large tumor size, and poor prognosis. GSEA in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Jilin datasets revealed that cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage-related genes were enriched in TMEFF2 lower expression patients. Gain of TMEFF2 function decreased cell proliferation by increasing of apoptosis and blocking of cell cycle in gastric cancer cells. The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 was identified as a binding partner of TMEEF2 and mediator of TMEFF2 function. TMEFF2 expression positively correlated with SHP-1, and a favorable prognosis was more likely in patients with gastric cancer with higher levels of both TMEFF2 and SHP-1.TMEFF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer through direct interaction with SHP-1 and can be a potential biomarker of carcinogenesis.
West Africa has worst meningitis epidemic for 10 years
Authors: C. Odigwe
Journal: BMJ (2009)

More than 40 000 cases of meningococcal meningitis have been recorded in west Africa in an epidemic that has been raging for three months despite international humanitarian efforts to bring it under control.

In Nigeria, Niger, and Chad the international charity Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) is working with local health authorities to carry out a vaccination campaign among …
Apply safety rule of thumb
Authors: R. Varma
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Polyclonal B cell activation is commonly observed in HIV-infected patients. The coordinate delivery of a number of signals is required for B cell response. This work was designed to better define the role of HIV in the first steps of normal human B cells activation. We show that the infectious virus or recombinant envelope proteins can render B cells responsive to the growth-promoting effect of several T cell-derived IL, IL-2, IL-4, and low m.w. (12-kDa) BCGF. HIV acts in the absence of monocytes and on different populations of B cells. The competence signal can be provided by recombinant gp160 envelope protein. CD4 molecule is not involved in the interaction of HIV with B cells. In addition, we demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor alpha has no promoting activity when B cells are preactivated by HIV and it can suppress the response of HIV-preactivated B cells to IL-2, IL-4, and 12-kDa BCGF. Thus, the HIV envelope can deliver an early signal to normal B cells and modulate B cell response to physiologic signals. The possible relevance of this phenomenon to the immune defect observed in HIV patients is discussed.
The Hazards and Expense of Transplanting Incompatible Kidneys.
Authors: Samuel L. Kountz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971The Hazards and Expense of Transplanting Incompatible Kidneys.Samuel L. Kountz, M.D., Rose Payne, Ph.D., Herbert Perkins, M.D., Folkert Belzer, M.D.Samuel L. Kountz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Rose Payne, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Herbert Perkins, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Folkert Belzer, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-831_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEighty-five patients who received renal allografts from sibling, parental, and cadaver donors over an 18-month period and who were followed for 8 to 26 months were evaluated for mortality, morbidity, graft loss, and length of hospitalization. Their clinical courses were correlated with the degree of matching for 10 HL-A specificities and the net histocompatibility ratio.The survival rate for patients was 93% and for grafts, 75%. The survival rate of kidneys from sibling donors was 85%; parental donors, 86%; and cadaver donors, 62%. For C or better matches, however, the graft survival rate was 95% for sibling, 92% for parental,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Samuel L. Kountz, M.D.; Rose Payne, Ph.D.; Herbert Perkins, M.D.; Folkert Belzer, M.D.Affiliations: Palo Alto and San Francisco, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 831-831KeywordsGraft survivalHistocompatibilityHospitalizationsKidneysMorbidityMortalitySpecificity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...