tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Supervision of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: M. C. Watkinson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Care and caring are by very nature personal.The entire concept of general practice, family medicine, primary care, call it what you will, in Britain is the continuing care of the patient as a whole.Once the patient is fragmented among a team of so- called experts personal responsibility and care lose their meaning.The recent publication by the Office of Health Economics2 must have either amused or exasperated general practitioners by its "academic" analysis of primary medical care with little reference to real life.Pray come down from the clouds and look at life as it is, not as it is assumed to be by whatever board or committee, however eminent the chairman be in his own field.-Iam, etc.,
Immunosuppressive Effect of Zidovudine
Authors: Edward K. Chapnick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 April 1993Immunosuppressive Effect of ZidovudineEdward K. Chapnick, MD, Douglas V. Sepkowitz, MD, and Jeremy D. Gradon, MDEdward K. Chapnick, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Douglas V. Sepkowitz, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Jeremy D. Gradon, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-7-199304010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read McLeod and Hammer's review [1] on zidovudine with great interest. The authors state that there has been one reported case of zidovudine-induced hepatitis [2]. We wish to call to your readers' attention another case, which we reported in 1992 [3], further emphasizing the need to consider this agent in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis in HIV-infected patients.References1. McLeod GX, Hammer SM. Zidovudine: five years later. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:487-501. Google Scholar2. Dubin G, Braffman MN. Zidovudine-induced hepatotoxicity. Ann Intern Med. 1989; 110:85-6. Google Scholar3. Gradon JD, Chapnick EK, Sepkowitz DV. Case report. Zidovudine-induced hepatitis. J Intern Med. 1992; 231:317-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1993Volume 118, Issue 7Page: 571-572KeywordsHepatitisImmunosuppressives Issue Published: 1 April 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tobacco giant undermined Nicorette campaign
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Tobacco giant Philip Morris pressured at least two pharmaceutical manufacturers to water down antismoking messages in marketing campaigns for nicotine chewing gum and nicotine patches. This is one of the findings of research published this week in JAMA (2002;288:738-44)

Internal documents show that drug company marketing strategies for nicotine replacement therapies were dropped or modified after sustained pressure from the tobacco industry.

At the time of two case studies, which date from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, tobacco companies were …
Intragastric balloon for weight loss: results in 100 individuals followed for at least 2.5 years
Authors: S. Negrin Dastis, E. François, J. Deviere, A. Hittelet, A. Ilah Mehdi, M. Barea, J. Dumonceau
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

To determine long-term outcome after treatment with an intragastric balloon for 6 months, with no structured weight maintenance program offered after balloon removal.100 consecutive overweight/obese individuals (mean body mass index [BMI] 35.0 +/- 5.6 kg/m (2)) were prospectively followed after endoscopic implantation of a saline-filled intragastric balloon; 97 completed final follow-up at a mean of 4.8 +/- 1.6 years. Successful intragastric balloon therapy was defined as weight loss at 6 months of > or = 10 % of weight at baseline, that remained > or = 10 % until 2.5 years, without bariatric surgery. All analyses followed intention-to-treat principles.At 6 months, mean weight loss was 12.6 +/- 8.3 kg, 63 individuals had > or = 10 % baseline weight loss; no severe morbidity was detected. During the first and second years following intragastric balloon removal, mean body mass increased by 4.2 +/- 6.8 and 2.3 +/- 6.0 kg, respectively ( P < 0.001 for both year-on-year comparisons). At 2.5 years, intragastric balloon therapy had been successful in 24 participants. At final follow-up (4.8 +/- 1.6 years), 28 had > or = 10 % baseline weight loss, 35 had undergone bariatric surgery (60 % had preoperative mass higher than baseline), and 3 were lost to follow-up; the 34 remaining had lost 1.5 +/- 5.8 kg compared with baseline. During follow-up, 13 had a second intragastric balloon implanted and 13 took sibutramine for short periods.Intragastric balloon therapy was relatively innocuous and associated with successful weight loss and maintenance at 2.5 years in a quarter of participants. It represents a valid option for weight loss.
Chemical modification: the key to clinical application of RNA interference?
Authors: David R. Corey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

RNA interference provides a potent and specific method for controlling gene expression in human cells. To translate this potential into a broad new family of therapeutics, it is necessary to optimize the efficacy of the RNA-based drugs. As discussed in this Review, it might be possible to achieve this optimization using chemical modifications that improve their in vivo stability, cellular delivery, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, potency, and specificity.
Amphetamine Modulates Excitatory Neurotransmission through Endocytosis of the Glutamate Transporter EAAT3 in Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Suzanne M. Underhill, David S. Wheeler, Minghua Li, Spencer D. Watts, Susan L. Ingram, Susan G. Amara
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Amphetamines modify the brain and alter behavior through mechanisms generally attributed to their ability to regulate extracellular dopamine concentrations. However, the actions of amphetamine are also linked to adaptations in glutamatergic signaling. We report here that when amphetamine enters dopamine neurons through the dopamine transporter, it stimulates endocytosis of an excitatory amino acid transporter, EAAT3, in dopamine neurons. Consistent with this decrease in surface EAAT3, amphetamine potentiates excitatory synaptic responses in dopamine neurons. We also show that the process of internalization is dynamin- and Rho-mediated and requires a unique sequence in the cytosolic C terminus of EAAT3. Introduction of a peptide based on this motif into dopamine neurons blocks the effects of amphetamine on EAAT3 internalization and its action on excitatory responses. These data indicate that the internalization of EAAT3 triggered by amphetamine increases glutamatergic signaling and thus contributes to the effects of amphetamine on neurotransmission.
Applications of virtual reality to surgery
Authors: K McGovern
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Virtual reality can be defined as human interaction in an environment that is simulated by a computer. To simulate a surgical procedure interaction must be lifelike: not only must the manipulation occur in real time but the virtual anatomy must look real. Currently, the potential applications of this new technology are being explored in minimally invasive surgery, neurosurgery, and “telepresence surgery.”

Technologies such as graphics workstation computers and specialised tracking devices have made it possible to build an advanced prototype of a simulator for minimally invasive surgery called the virtual clinic.1 This system uses tracking devices attached to actual surgical instruments which are inserted through trocars into a fibreglass mould of the body.

Graphic representations of the body change as the …
Mervyn Stuartson Bell
Authors: Natalia Bell
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Concentration camp survivor and psychiatrist who became a high profile campaigner on child abuseThe Dutch psychiatrist and psychotherapy professor Dries van Dantzig once confessed to a colleague that he survived Neuengamme concentration camp "by making myself invisible"-which makes his survival seem all the more remarkable, as later he was rarely out of the public arena as a tireless and hard hitting promoter of mental health care.Imprisonment followed by years in a tuberculosis sanatorium may have sharpened the sense of injustice that reportedly drove Van Dantzig in his later public life.Today he is remembered as a merciless debater, publicist, political lobbyist, and film critic.His refusal to take "no for an answer" ensured that mental health and especially child abuse had a higher place on the political agenda of postwar Holland than it otherwise might have had.Van Dantzig was renowned for glaring from the front row at conference speakers with whom he disagreed.He made countless television appearances, and seemed to know a remarkable number of government ministers personally.The simple theme that underpinned his career was that, compared with somatic illness, psychiatric illness was largely ignored and underfunded.He illustrated this by arguing that every year more children would be killed by abuse than would ever die from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which attracted millions more in funding.He suggested that up to 30% of the population had a neurosis, and that cases of child abuse could result in 50 to 80 deaths a year.Dries van Dantzig was born in 1920 into a progressive and left leaning family in Gouda.His education in Amsterdam was disrupted as the second world war broke out while he was still in his teens.He was eventually arrested for his involvement with the resistance and sent to Neuengamme near Hamburg.Of the 5500 Dutchmen sent there only 600 survived.Van Dantzig was among the few who did because, he later claimed, he was able to blend into the background amid such horrors as collecting dead bodies to take to the ovens or eating the food of those who had died.Yet all the time he was sharpening both his observational skills and his acute sense of injustice.
European research: back to pre-eminence?
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Europe has an unequalled tradition in scientific research.Most of the important discoveries in science before 1900 were made by Europeans in Europe.Britain, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Switzerland had between them won 45% of all Nobel prizes from their inception until 1985-compared with the 39% won by Americans (table I).'Over those years Europeans compared with the Americans won twice as many Nobel prizes for chemistry, slightly more for physics, but fewer for physiology and medicine.Although having strong traditions in research Britain, Germany, and France won most of their Nobel prizes in the early years of the century.The decline is most marked in Britain.Indeed, between 1986 and 1991 the United States won 22 prizes, the Germans nine, the Swiss three, the French two, and the British only one.2In terms of prizes per head of population from 1980 to 1991 the world order was the United States first followed by Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and then Switzerland.2The hope in Europe is that the European Community and other bodies coordinating research across Europe will be able to produce greater collaboration and so eventually return Europe to the first place in science.In addition, research is vital for economic development, and better collaboration in research should increase the industrial competitiveness of Europe.But getting the countries of Europe to collaborate in research is by no means simple. Inputs and outputs in European researchAltogether the countries of the European Commun- ity spend about US$90 000m a year on research- considerably less than the $144 000m spent in the United States but more than the $57 000m spent in Japan (table II).' The expenditure per head of population ($201) is much less than that of both the United States ($582) and Japan ($469).The European countries spending the most on research are unsurpris- ingly those with the largest economies, with the Germans spending the most in absolute terms and the most per head of population ($431).Table II shows a clear divide in expenditure on research between the richer and poorer countries in Europe: Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain all spend under $90 per head, whereas all the other countries spend over $170.Table French genius on the wane? .=,,
Conference Report: After the summit
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Research on Star Wars in 1988 ($3900m)=elementary school education for 1 400 000 children in Latin America.* One Trident submarine ($1500m)=five year programme for universal child immunisation against six deadly diseases, preventing one million deaths a year.* Two fighter aircrafts type JA 37 ($
Medical libraries undergoing dramatic changes
Authors: J. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue Access Provided by Korea Advanced Inst of Science & Tech (KAIST) JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account
The Chronic Headache Patient
Authors: P. Jonckheere
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

The author of this preliminary study on psychosomatic chronic headache and migraine has based his research on 3 principles: (1) It is necessary to form a control group; (2) it is useful to withdraw from consideration the patients whom we have known only through a few interviews in order to limit the case material to patients who have been in psychotherapy for at least several months; (3) specificity must be expressed in terms of levels: there are in particular 3 levels on which one can consider some specific causes of psychosomatic diseases. The research led to the following conclusions: (1) Often chronic headache and migraines are due to repressed aggression – specificity on the 3rd level; (2) the heart infarction may occur under a specific psycho-social circumstance – specificity of the 3rd level: an important failure or a smarting loss which suddenly strikes the patient in his basic personal, familial or professional ambitions; (3) the hypertension patients present a particular type of personality – specificity on the 2nd level-characterized by constant hurry, psychic tension, hyperactivity and hyperemotivity; (4) the multiple analogies between the patients suffering from migraines, hypertension, cardial infarction, ischemic strokes, asthma, obsessional neurosis, etc. are explicable by the interaction of very many psychological variables. In fact, the analogies between the various etiological patterns do not seem to conflict with the theories of specificity, yet they illustrate the necessity of a multifactorial approach. Maybe computers can help us with further research in this field.
Is the Modified Disease Activity Score Superior to the Disease Activity Score in Early Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis? Comment on the Article by Baker et al
Authors: Wouter P. Nieuwenhuis, Jessica A. B. van Nies, Monique Reijnierse, Désirée van der Heijde, Annette H. M. van der Helm-Van Mil
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)
IB-02 * ROLE OF TUMOR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES AND PDL1 EXPRESSION IN GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM) AND BRAIN METASTASES (BM): COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: A. S. Berghoff, B. Kiesel, G. Widhalm, O. Rajky, G. Ricken, A. Wohrer, F. Oberndorfer, K. Dieckmann, M. Filipits, C. Marosi, C. Holler, W. Wick, M. Preusser
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Differences in the adaptive immune response to various kinds of brain tumors have been poorly characterized. METHODS: We immunostained 287 neurosurgical specimens: 170 BM (lung cancer: 77 (45.3%); breast cancer: 17 (10.0%); melanoma 44 (25.9%); renal cell carcinoma 10 (5.9%) others 22 (7.7%)) and 117 GBM for CD3 (n = 287), CD8 (n = 287), PD1 (n = 287) and PDL1 (n = 234) and used previously published semiquantitative evaluation criteria. RESULTS: TIL infiltration of variable density (sparse to dense) was found in 161/170 (94.7%) BM and 78/117 (66.6%) GBM. TILs were predominantly present in the tumor stroma and perivascular areas in BM and in perivascular area in GBM. Dense infiltration with CD3+ TILs (p < 0.001), CD8+ TILs (p < 0.001) and PD1+ TILs (p < 0.001) was observed more frequently in BM than GBM. Among BM, we found significant differences in the composition of immune infiltrates with renal cell carcinoma BM showing the highest density of CD3+ and PD1+ TILs. Membranous PDL1 expression on tumor cells was evident in 25/117 (21.4%) BM and 44/117 (37.6%) GBM. Expression of PDL1 in over 5% of tumor cells was more frequently observed in GBM than in BM (p = 0.006). Dense infiltration of CD3+ TILs (9 vs. 12 months; p = 0.015) correlated with favorable survival prognosis in BM patients, while no prognostic impact of TIL infiltration was evident in GBM. Expression of PDL1 in over 5% of tumor cells was not associated with survival prognosis in BM (11 vs. 11 months; p = 0.395) or GBM (15 vs. 14 months; p = 0.859). CONCLUSION: We found high TIL densities and prognostic impact of CD3+ immune infiltrates in BM. GBM was characterized by sparse TIL infiltrates, higher expression of PDL1 and lack of prognostic impact of immune infiltrates. Our results indicate clinically relevant differences in the immune response to brain tumor types and may be of interest for studies with immunomodulatory agents.
Role of LAG-3 in Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Ching-Tai Huang, Creg J. Workman, Dallas Flies, Xiaoyu Pan, Aimee L. Marson, Gang Zhou, Edward L. Hipkiss, Sowmya Ravi, Jeanne Kowalski, Hyam I. Levitsky, Jonathan D. Powell, Drew M. Pardoll, Charles G. Drake, Dario A.A. Vignali
Journal: Immunity (2004)
A double-blind randomized comparison of meal-related glycemic control by repaglinide and glyburide in well-controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
Authors: P Damsbo, P Clauson, T C Marbury, K Windfeld
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare diurnal blood glucose excursions and the effects of accidental dietary noncompliance in type 2 diabetic patients who are well-controlled on either repaglinide or glyburide treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This single-center double-blind randomized study comprised type 2 diabetic patients whose mean fasting blood glucose value after repaglinide/glyburide titration and stabilization was in the range of 90-140 mg/dl. The study consisted of an initial screening day, a titration period of 3 weeks, a 1-week stabilization period, a study period, and an end-of-study day. During the 3-day study period, half the patients of each group received two meals on the first day and three meals on the next 2 days, and in the other half, this sequence was reversed. Repaglinide was administered preprandially with each meal, and glyburide was administered as recommended in current labeling, i.e., either one or two daily doses before breakfast and dinner, regardless of whether lunch had been omitted. The diurnal blood glucose excursions on a day in which three meals were eaten were compared between the two groups, and the minimum blood glucose concentration (BGmin) measurements were compared between lunch and dinner on days with three and two meals. RESULTS: Of the 83 randomized patients, 43 entered into the 3-day study period and completed the trial. The results showed no significant differences between the repaglinide and glyburide groups in average blood glucose excursions from fasting blood glucose (P = 0.44). The influence on the mean BGmin of omitting a meal differed significantly between the repaglinide and glyburide groups (P = 0.014). In the latter group, BGmin decreased from 77 to 61 mg/dl as a result of omitting lunch, whereas in the repaglinide group, BGmin was unchanged for the two-meal day (78 mg/dl) and the three-meal day (76 mg/dl). All hypoglycemic events (n = 6) occurred in the glyburide group on the two-meal day, in connection with omitting lunch. No hypoglycemic events were recorded in the repaglinide group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that treatment with repaglinide in well-controlled type 2 diabetic patients who miss or delay a meal is superior to treatment with longer-acting sulfonylurea drugs (such as glyburide) with respect to the risk of hypoglycemic episodes.
Asthma in cross country skiers
Authors: R C Pollard, A J Pollard
Journal: BMJ (1994)

a much higher percentage of people receives specialist inpatient palliative care.Many more people receive specialist palliative care in their home or in hospital.The results of the survey for 1992, which are being collated now, include the number of patients seen by home care nurses.Questionnaires were sent to the 360 teams listed in a directory of hospice and palliative care services.3Altogether 198 teams replied that they had seen 54816 patients during the year.This implies that, with 360 teams, about 99 000 patients were seen by a home care service.It thus seems that almost two thirds of patients dying of cancer are seen by specialist home care (including Macmillan) nurses.Yet more patients are seen by hospital support (palliative care) staff, and we hope to estimate this figure in a future survey.The palliative care services do reach a considerable proportion of people in need of palliative care, including more than half ofthose dying of cancer.
Adenosine and ATP: traffic regulators in the kidney
Authors: Wilhelm Kriz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Glomerular filtration in the kidney is a continuous process that acts in concert with tubular reabsorption to prevent derangements of body fluid composition. Filtration is regulated by systemic factors, but it is also controlled by an intrinsic mechanism based on the anatomical connection between the distal nephron and the glomerular arterioles. Facing the threat of urinary salt loss, this mechanism causes vasoconstriction and reduces filtration by generating adenosine through the hydrolysis of nucleotide precursors such as 5′-AMP and possibly ATP .
KERATOSIS PUNCTATA AT AN UNUSUAL SITE (NAEEVUS UNIUS LATERIS).
Authors: J. BEATTY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article KERATOSIS PUNCTATA AT AN UNUSUAL SITE (NÆEVUS UNIUS LATERIS). Get access J. BEATTY, M.D., M.R.C.P. J. BEATTY, M.D., M.R.C.P. Dermatologist to the Royal Infirmary, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1933, Pages 346–350, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb10190.x Published: 01 August 1933
A wolf in sheep's clothing: how Monitor is using licensing powers to reduce hospital and community services in England under the guise of continuity
Authors: Peter Roderick, Allyson M Pollock
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Peter Roderick</b> and <b>Allyson M Pollock</b> argue that the licence conditions imposed by Monitor on NHS foundation trusts will lead to a reduction in hospital services, and they question the legality of Monitor’s approach