tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5018: Combination immunotherapy with PD-L1 blockade and Poly I:C in a murine breast cancer model
Authors: Hatem Soliman, Ashley R. Nelson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) is commonly expressed on the surface of many tumor cells, including breast cancer. The activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is inhibited by PDL1. Blocking PDL1 with monoclonal antibodies can prevent this immune suppression and enhance anti-tumor activity. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) is a Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist which was shown to synergize with anti-PDL1 antibodies in a B16 melanoma model (Celis et. al, Blood 2010). We sought to investigate if synergy could be demonstrated in a murine breast cancer model. Methods: Five week old female BALB/c mice were injected with 3x106 4T1 cells in a mammary fat pad and divided into 4 groups with ten mice/group (PBS control, 200µg anti-PDL1 antibody (10F.9G2 Bioxcell) D1,5 IP, 50µg Poly I:C (Invivogen) D1,6,11,16 IV, anti-PDL1+Poly I:C). Treatment started when tumors were palpable and measured twice weekly. The mice were sacrificed 20 days later with tumors, spleens, and lymph nodes harvested. Tumors were measured twice weekly. All experiments were carried out under approved IACUC #4277R per institutional guidelines. Statistical analysis performed using Prism Graphpad. Results: Mean tumor measurements (mm2) at day 20 for control=207.5, anti-PDL1=188.5, Poly I:C=182.6, anti-PDL1+Poly I:C=149.4. Two way ANOVA was statistically significant at p&amp;lt;.0001. Mean tumor weight (gm) at day 20 of anti-PDL1+Poly I:C=.99 vs control=1.23 p=.002 using t test. Conclusions: The combination of anti-PDL1 and Poly I:C TLR3 agonist demonstrates improved anti-tumor activity against established 4T1 orthotopic murine breast tumors compared to control or either agent alone. Characterization of TIL infiltrates in tumor specimens and immune activation in harvested lymphocytes is ongoing and will be presented. This data provides preliminary evidence supporting continued investigation of the combination of PDL1 and Poly I:C immunotherapy for breast cancer. Citation Format: Hatem Soliman, Ashley R. Nelson. Combination immunotherapy with PD-L1 blockade and Poly I:C in a murine breast cancer model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5018. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5018
Prognosis and factors influencing prognosis in industrial dermatitis
Authors: DESMOND BURROWS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Prognosis and factors influencing prognosis in industrial dermatitis Get access DESMOND BURROWS DESMOND BURROWS Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s21, 1 September 1981, Pages 65–70, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01313.x Published: 01 September 1981
Chronic Acetanilide Poisoning
Authors: T. N. Morgan, A. G. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1940)

MEDICAL JOURNAXL conjunctivae, result from its repeated use.It may be regarded as a safe method of treatment.7. No definite correlation between squamous or ulcera- tive blepharitis and seborrhoea was established.8. No definite correlation was found between blepharitis and the nutritional standard, and cures were obtained without the use of cod-liver oil and malt.It is important to note, however, that only one case fell into the nutritional category A, and one must also bear in mind the reported excellent results of experimental health meals (Board of Education, 1938).9.No definite correlation was observed between blepharitis and visual defects.10.The mild type of the disease was never found to change into the severe type; cases appeared to fall into two quite clearly defined groups.11.The existence of blepharitis in 1 per cent. of a school population and the great interference with education caused by it demand that some consideration be given to the disease, and particularly to the ulcerative variety.I wish to express my thanks to Miss F. E. Ellerington for her assistance in the compilation of case reports, to Dr.
Drug treatment of psychiatric patients in general practice
Authors: J. Mathew
Journal: BMJ (1979)

above, and to refer to dialysis and trans- plantation treatment as "extraordinary" is surely an unjustifiable judgment.At a time when the referral rate to nephrologists clearly indicates that many patients are dying from end-stage renal failure without the benefit of proper assess- ment, the general medical profession should be clearly aware of the real benefits of renal replacement therapy.
The cult of the conference bag
Authors: F. D Burke
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Never mind the conference, what about the bag? asks Frank D Burke 

The small things in life are important, and as a seasoned conference attendee my first rush of excitement is at the registration desk. After I have felt that frisson of panic (did I remember to register?) the registrar acknowledges my efficient planning and reaches under the desk for the conference bag.

Many of us have spent hours planning the scientific content of congresses, but the choice of bag is often seen as of marginal importance. This could not be further from the truth; carefully chosen, the bag may become a cherished possession—an everlasting monument to the congress, living witness to the International Congress of Palmistry (Zagreb, 2001), displayed by the proud owners at work and on planes and trains. However, immortality of this nature is illusive—course members are discriminating, and “cult bag” status must be earned. 

(1) Course organisers must be discreet in terms of logo, and letters may be better than words for some of the perineal specialties. Font size should be small, although an exception …
Glucose-induced protein kinase C activity regulates arachidonic acid release and eicosanoid production by cultured glomerular mesangial cells.
Authors: B Williams, R W Schrier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Changes in glomerular eicosanoid production have been implicated in the development of diabetes-induced glomerular hyperfiltration and glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) are major eicosanoid-producing cells within the glomerulus. However, the mechanism for the effect of diabetes mellitus on glomerular mesangial eicosanoid production is unknown. The present study therefore examined whether elevated glucose concentrations activate protein kinase C (PKC) in GMC and whether this PKC activation mediates an effect of elevated glucose concentrations to increase the release of arachidonic acid and eicosanoid production by GMC. The percentage of [3H]arachidonic acid release per 30 min by preloaded GMC monolayers was significantly increased after 3-h exposure to high glucose (20 mM) medium (177% vs control medium) and this increase was sustained after 24-h exposure to high glucose concentrations. 3-h and 24-h exposure to high glucose medium also increased PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and thromboxane (TXB2) production by GMC. High glucose medium (20 mM) increased PKC activity in GMC at 3 and 24 h (168% vs control). In contrast, osmotic control media containing either L-glucose or mannitol did not increase arachidonic acid release, eicosanoid production, or PKC activity in GMC. Inhibiting glucose-induced PKC activation with either H-7 (50 microM) or staurosporine (1 microM) prevented glucose-induced increases in arachidonic acid release and eicosanoid production by GMC. These data demonstrate that elevated extracellular glucose concentrations directly increase the release of endogenous arachidonic acid and eicosanoids by GMC via mechanisms dependent on glucose-induced PKC activation.
Treatment of multiple bilateral primary eccrine porocarcinoma with topical diphencyprone: a case report
Authors: A. Kutty, F. Harper, V. Akhras
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) was first described in 1963 by Pinkus and Mehregan, where it was referred to as 'epidermotropic eccrine carcinoma'.1 EPC is a rare malignant tumour that develops from the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine gland. It can either arise secondary to the malignant transformation of a benign eccrine poroma or, less commonly, as a primary tumour.2 The most commonly affected sites are the lower extremities.2 Local recurrence after treatment is observed in 20% of cases.3 EPC metastasizes to regional lymph nodes in 20% of cases, with visceral metastases in 10%.4 The prognosis is poor for patients with distant metastases, with most surviving for between 5 and 24 months.5 Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice for EPC, with success rates of up to 80%.5 Other treatment options include radiotherapy and chemotherapy, both of which have shown limited success in metastatic or refractory disease.6
Liver Transplantation and Surgery
Authors: Prashant Pandya
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<i>Liver Transplantation and Surgery</i>serves as the official publication of both the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society. Recognizing the interdependence of physician, surgeon, and basic scientist in the treatment of hepatobiliary disease, this peerreviewed journal seeks to reach a wide audience. The editors believe that it will be of interest not only to surgeons and basic scientists but also to gastroenterologists, hepatologists, anesthesiologists, and critical care physicians. They justify the existence of this new journal by citing the great increase in information on the title subject and by listing those recent advances in clinical medicine that they expect will change the direction of the discipline. The editors intend the scope to encompass these disciplines as the growth of the biological and clinical science surrounding liver transplantation and hepatobiliary surgery both experience exponential growth. The editors, associate editors, and editorial board members
Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action
Authors: Benjamin Libet
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1985)

Abstract Voluntary acts are preceded by electrophysiological “readiness potentials” (RPs). With spontaneous acts involving no preplanning, the main negative RP shift begins at about—550 ms. Such RPs were used to indicate the minimum onset times for the cerebral activity that precedes a fully endogenous voluntary act. The time of conscious intention to act was obtained from the subject's recall of the spatial clock position of a revolving spot at the time of his initial awareness of intending or wanting to move (W). W occurred at about—200 ms. Control experiments, in which a skin stimulus was timed (S), helped evaluate each subject's error in reporting the clock times for awareness of any perceived event. For spontaneous voluntary acts, RP onset preceded the uncorrected Ws by about 350 ms and the Ws corrected for S by about 400 ms. The direction of this difference was consistent and significant throughout, regardless of which of several measures of RP onset or W were used. It was concluded that cerebral initiation of a spontaneous voluntary act begins unconsciously. However, it was found that the final decision to act could still be consciously controlled during the 150 ms or so remaining after the specific conscious intention appears. Subjects can in fact “veto” motor performance during a 100–200-ms period before a prearranged time to act. The role of conscious will would be not to initiate a specific voluntary act but rather to select and control volitional outcome. It is proposed that conscious will can function in a permissive fashion, either to permit or to prevent the motor implementation of the intention to act that arises unconsciously. Alternatively, there may be the need for a conscious activation or triggering, without which the final motor output would not follow the unconscious cerebral initiating and preparatory processes.
Case of Resection of the Knee-Joint: Followed by Fibrous Anchylosis: Amputation: Speedy Recovery under the Antiseptic Treatment
Authors: J. D. Gillespie
Journal: BMJ (1869)

I have obtained from his work Ont Continuiedi Fevers, but also for the informationi about hydatids and their treatment contained in the afore- said article.I feel convinced that the revival of Recamier's method by Dr. Fin- sen will be unsuccessful.Although some German doctors-as Professor Kiichenmeister-have regarded it as a practical operation, I feel pretty sure that contrary views will be held in England.It seems to me that the statistical statements of Dr. 1Finsen himself form the best arguments against this methlod of operating.Dr. Finsen says that, during his stay in Iceland, he had 255 hydatid patients under his care: out of this number 48, or not I in 5, wvere operated upoIn; and only 31, or not I in 8, recovered.It is not clear how many of the 48 operated on were lost ; but it is certain, from his own statemiients previously publishedl, that in I863, out of 32 patients operated upon, 5, or every sixth case, died, and 8 were treated withouit any good result.It is well known that Dr. I)avaine operated upon 12 patients for hydatids, according to the method of R6camier: out of this number he lost 6, or 50 per cent.This bad result, compared with one nearly as bad by Dr. Finsen, oug-ht to make medical practitioners cautious about performing so dangerouis an operation.As I am now preparing a monograph on the Ilydatid Disease of Ice- land, wvhich is intended to show my owni practical experience, as well as that of my medical bretlhren, in this matter, it is unnecessary to enter more deeply into this subject at present.
HYSTERIA IN CHILDREN.
Authors: CHARLES W. BURR
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The time is so short and the program so full of more important matter that I shall detain you but a little and, not attempting to be at all exhaustive, will simply sketch the histories of a few cases. This is my only excuse for offering a paper purely clinical and of value only in recalling to you the fact that hysteria is not a disease of women or adults alone, but may occur at any age and in either sex. The first patient had pseudo-Pott's disease. She was 9 years of age, with nothing significant in her previous personal or family history. For some time before I saw her she had complained of pain along the spine, worse in shifting spots, coming on in attacks, and sometimes so severe as to cause long continued spells of weeping. The spine became slightly curved laterally and she walked with a limp
Assessment system in Britain is failing medical research
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The future of medical research in UK universities is under severe threat, because the “one size fits all” approach to allocating funding in higher education fails to take account of the nature of clinical research, the BMA warned last week.

The government's research assessment exercise, the system used to rate university departments on their research output and to allocate future funding, is “biased” against medical research, says the BMA, with generally lower ratings awarded to medical disciplines than to non-medical subjects, such as veterinary sciences.

The assessment criteria rank …
Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Matthew R. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2013)

To the Editor An observational case-control study by Dr Lapi and colleagues1 reported that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in men with prostate cancer. For several reasons, however, the reported link is unlikely to reflect a causal relationship.
Demonstration of large-scale migration of cortical thymocytes to peripheral lymphoid tissues in cyclosporin A-treated rats.
Authors: H H Zadeh, I Goldschneider
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Young adult Lewis rats were maintained on diets containing 0.015 or 0.027% cyclosporin A (CSA) for periods of up to 6 wk. All animals showed complete depletion of medullary thymocytes (CD4+8- and CD4-8+, T cell receptor [TCR] alpha/beta hi, Thy-1med/low, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase negative [TdT-]) and a 50% reduction in the number of TdT- cortical thymocytes (CD4+8+, TCR alpha/beta low, Thy-1med) within 1 wk of CSA treatment. In addition, about half of the animals displayed a 50% reduction in the number of TdT+ cortical thymocytes (CD4+8+, TCR alpha/beta low, Thy-1hi). These intrathymic changes were accompanied by a reciprocal increase in the number of double-positive (DP; CD4+8+) T cells in lymph nodes (LN) and spleens. To confirm that the latter T cells were recent thymic emigrants (RTE), CSA-treated rats were injected intrathymically with fluorescein isothiocyanate, and the phenotype of the labeled T cells appearing in LN was determined 16 h later. The results demonstrated that, in addition to those RTE exported in normal animals (&amp;gt; 90% medullary origin), the emigration of DP thymocytes, including large numbers of TdT+ thymocytes, was markedly increased. The presence of TdT+ cells, which normally do not leave the thymus, clearly identifies the DP RTE as originating from the thymus cortex. Intrathymic labeling studies also directly demonstrated that export of all thymocyte subsets ceases within 9 d of CSA treatment; and thymectomy experiments confirmed that the CSA-induced increase in phenotypically immature T cells resulted primarily from the disturbance of thymocyte maturation and emigration, rather than from a direct effect on preexisting T cells. These results suggest that a wave of cortical thymocytes, many of which presumably have not yet undergone negative selection, is released from the thymus during the first week of CSA treatment. The presence of these potentially unselected cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues may help to explain the increased frequency of autoreactive T cells observed in CSA-treated animals.
SIV-specific CD8+ T cells express high levels of PD1 and cytokines but have impaired proliferative capacity in acute and chronic SIVmac251 infection
Authors: Constantinos Petrovas, David A. Price, Joseph Mattapallil, David R. Ambrozak, Christof Geldmacher, Valentina Cecchinato, Monica Vaccari, Elzbieta Tryniszewska, Emma Gostick, Mario Roederer, Daniel C. Douek, Sara H. Morgan, Simon J. Davis, Genoveffa Franchini, Richard A. Koup
Journal: Blood (2007)
Compensated cirrhosis: Natural history and prognostic factors
Authors: Pere Ginés, Enrique Quintero, Vicente Arroyo, Josep Terés, Miguel Bruguera, Antoni Rimola, Joan Caballería, Joan Rodés, Ciril Rozman
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

To investigate the natural history of compensated cirrhosis, 293 consecutive patients without previous major complications (ascites, jaundice, encephalopathy or gastrointestinal hemorrhage) were studied in terms of morbidity (probability of developing decompensated cirrhosis during follow-up) and survival. Patients were diagnosed by liver histology between 1968 and 1980. Median follow-up was 63 months. Decompensation of cirrhosis was considered when a patient first developed one of the major complications of the disease. Ten years after diagnosis, the probability of developing decompensated cirrhosis and the survival probability rate were 58 and 47%, respectively. A multivariate survival analysis (Cox's regression model) using clinical, biochemical and histological data obtained at diagnosis disclosed seven factors that predicted prognosis: serum bilirubin; serum gamma-globulin concentration; hepatic stigmata; prothrombin time; sex; age, and alkaline phosphatase. According to the contribution of each one of these factors to the final model, a prognostic index was constructed that allows calculation of the estimated survival probability. The predicting value of this index was validated by a split sample testing technique.
Calorie counts on menus do not reduce diners' energy intake, study finds
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In January 2008, despite protests by the restaurant trade, New York city’s health department demanded that chain restaurants post the calorie counts of their meals on menus, on boards on restaurant walls, and on labels in display cases. The idea was that consumers would look at the calorie count, think twice, and order something lower in calories. 

But a study looking at the effects showed that customers in the fast food restaurants that had introduced the calorie labelling ordered food with the same or higher calorie count as meals chosen by diners in Newark in …
Laser treatment of psoriasis
Authors: G.A. KATUGAMPOLA, A.M. REES, S.W. LANIGAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

In psoriasis, the earliest observable electron microscopic changes are in the dermal papillary vasculature. The flashlamp-pumped pulsed tunable dye laser can achieve selective photothermolysis of the dermal vasculature. This laser was used to treat eight patients with chronic plaque psoriasis, as it was hypothesized that the ablation of dermal papillary vasculature would arrest the early events leading to the evolution of psoriasis, and produce resolution of the plaques. At the final assessment, performed 10 weeks after three fortnightly laser treatments, five of the eight patients recorded an improvement of ≥50%, and one showed complete resolution of the treated plaques of psoriasis. Although not practicable in the treatment of widespread psoriasis, we conclude that selective photothermolysis of the dermal vasculature by pulsed tunable dye laser offers an alternative new therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis, and also demonstrates the pivotal role of the vasculature in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Healthcare resource groups
Authors: R W Buckland
Journal: BMJ (1994)

that their skills are unimpaired by their current levels of drinking unless they thought that there was a high risk of getting caught.'l12 Many serious offenders (those with multiple convictions or very high blood alcohol concentrations) are dependent on alcohol, and changing the limit is unlikely to affect their behaviour.'2A lower limit operating alongside random breath testing might, however, affect these hard core drink-drivers.'3The combined results of these studies show clear support emerges for changing the legal drink-driving limit from 17A4 mmol/l to 10 9 mmolIl.While Britain and other countries debate this issue, clearly the higher limits such as those found in some states of the United States and in the Republic of Ireland should be lowered.The researchers have done their job; it is now in the hands ofthe elected representatives.