tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological and mechanical studies of frog heart adrenoceptor stimulation by epinine
Authors: H SOUSTRE, A RAKOTONIRINA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Electrophysiological and mechanical effects of epinine, an alpha- and beta-agonist, were investigated in frog atrial fibres. From dose-response curves it was demonstrated that epinine produced an increase in amplitude and duration of the plateau, and in duration of the action potential. Corresponding increases in peak tension, rate of tension development, time to peak tension and rate of relaxation were noted. The positive inotropic effect of epinine was mediated only by myocardial beta-adrenoceptor stimulation; over the whole range of concentrations, the inotropic action of epinine was not influenced by phentolamine (3.10(-6) mol . litre-1), but was inhibited by propranolol (3.10(-8) mol . litre-1). The mechanism of epinine action involved an important increase in slow calcium current Isi responsible for the changes in the action potential, while the positive inotropic effect of the drug was attributed to the resulting increase in intracellular calcium concentration. The action of epinine seemed independent of cAMP concentration, because the effects of epinine on contraction were not significantly increased by papaverine (10(-5) mol . litre-1). In frog heart, a beta-stimulation induced specific effects on action potential and tension. The positive inotropic effect of beta-catecholamines resulted directly from electrical changes induced by an increase in slow calcium current.
A STUDY OF CONVERGENCE AND ITS DEFECTS.INCLUDING AN ANALYSIS OF FOUR HUNDRED AND FORTY-ONE CASES OF EXOPHORIA.
Authors: WENDELL REBER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Next to the visual act itself, convergence is admittedly one of the most interesting of the functions of human eyes. That it is evolutionally the last oculomuscular function to appear seems now equally well admitted. The gradual evolution of the invertebrate eye is scientifically satisfactory. The transition from the invertebrate to the vertebrate eye is involved in some doubt. From that point upward, however, the evolution is resumed and continues very regularly. In the lowest class of vertebrates (the fishes) the eye is probably no better than a squid's. Their eyes are situated on the side of the head with such widely divergent axes that there is no overlapping of the visual fields at all. There is no consensual movement (each eye being absolutely independent of the other). There is no common field of view, no common point of sight, no corresponding points in the two retinas; hence no stereoscopic
Quality of Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer Care in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: George L. Jackson, L. Douglas Melton, David H. Abbott, Leah L. Zullig, Diana L. Ordin, Steven C. Grambow, Natia S. Hamilton, S. Yousuf Zafar, Ziad F. Gellad, Michael J. Kelley, Dawn Provenzale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose The Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system treats approximately 3% of patients with cancer in the United States each year. We measured the quality of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) care in VA as indicated by concordance with National Comprehensive Cancer Network practice guidelines (six indicators) and timeliness of care (three indicators). Patients and Methods A retrospective medical record abstraction was done for 2,492 patients with incident stages I to III CRC diagnosed between October 1, 2003, and March 31, 2006, who underwent definitive CRC surgery. Patients were treated at one or more of 128 VA medical centers. The proportion of patients receiving guideline-concordant care and time intervals between care processes were calculated. Results More than 80% of patients had preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen determination (ie, stages II to III disease) and documented clear surgical margins (ie, stages II to III disease). Between 72% and 80% of patients had appropriate referral to a medical oncologist (ie, stages II to III disease), preoperative computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis (ie, stages II to III disease), and adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (ie, stage III disease). Less than half of patients with stages I to III CRC (43.5%) had a follow-up colonoscopy 7 to 18 months after surgery. The mean number of days between major treatment events included the following: 26.6 days (standard deviation [SD], 38.2; median, 20 days) between diagnosis and initiation of treatment (in stages II to III disease); 64.9 days (SD, 54.9; median, 50 days) between definitive surgery and start of adjuvant chemotherapy (in stages II to III disease); and 444.1 days (SD, 182.1; median, 393 days) between definitive surgery and follow-up colonoscopies (in stages I to III disease). Conclusion Although there is opportunity for improvement in the area of cancer surveillance, the VA performs well in meeting established guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
Visiting Hours Are Now Over
Authors: M. DAVID WARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Ad Libitum1 September 1982Visiting Hours Are Now OverM. DAVID WARD, M.D.M. DAVID WARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-3-458_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMost oftenafraid of discoverers,a stranglersteals into rooms.Sometimes,she strides into wards brazenly,a distant bitchy relativefrom the City,accustomed to taking freely.Othertimes,he walks in welcomed,the Good Joe,there to end a conversationwell-ended.Afterwards,the nature of the visitorrests in the visageof the stilled patient.Nevertheless,the living are left alone.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: West Hartford, Connecticut PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1982Volume 97, Issue 3Page: 458-458 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Simian virus 40 and human malignancy
Authors: S C Stenton
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The introduction of the Salk parenteral vaccine in the mid-1950s led to a dramatic decline in the incidence of poliomyelitis. By 1961, the majority of young adults in Britain and America had been immunised and the numbers of reported cases of poliomyelitis had fallen from 8000 a year to 100 a year.1 At that point in the mass immunisation programme, a contaminating virus was identified in the rhesus monkey kidney cells that were used to culture the poliovirus. It was named simian virus 40 (SV40). It was more resistant than poliovirus to chemical denaturation and survived into some vaccine samples. There are no reliable data about the proportion of batches that were contaminated with live SV40, and estimates range up to 30%.2 Early worries that the contaminant might be implicated in the development of human cancers have recently resurfaced.

SV40 was characterised as a double stranded DNA virus belonging to the group of papovaviruses. They …
Evolutionary History of 4.5SH RNA
Authors: Irina K. Gogolevskaya, Anastasia P. Koval, Dmitri A. Kramerov
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

4.5SH RNA is a 94-nt small RNA with unknown function. This RNA is known to be present in the mouse, rat, and hamster cells; however, it is not found in human, rabbit, and chicken. In the mouse genome, the 4.5SH RNA gene is a part of a long (4.2 kb) tandem repeat (∼800 copies) unit. Here, we found that 4.5SH RNA genes are present only in rodents of six families that comprise the Myodonta clade: Muridae, Cricetidae, Spalacidae, Rhizomyidae, Zapodidae, and Dipodidae. The analysis of complementary DNA derived from the rodents of these families showed general evolutionary conservation of 4.5SH RNA and some intraspecific heterogeneity of these RNA molecules. 4.5SH RNA genes in the Norway rat, mole rat, hamster and jerboa genomes are included in the repeated sequences. In the jerboa genome these repeats are 4.0-kb long and arranged tandemly, similar to the corresponding arrangements in the mouse and rat genomic DNA. Sequencing of the rat and jerboa DNA repeats containing 4.5SH RNA genes showed fast evolution of the gene-flanking sequences. The repeat sequences of the distantly related rodents (mouse and rat vs. jerboa) have no apparent similarity except for the 4.5SH RNA gene itself. Conservation of the 4.5SH RNA gene nucleotide sequence indicates that this RNA is likely to be under selection pressure and, thus, may have a function. The repeats from the different rodents have similar lengths and contain many simple short repeats. The data obtained suggest that long insertions, deletions, and simple sequence amplifications significantly contribute in the evolution of the repeats containing 4.5SH RNA genes. The 4.5SH RNA gene seems to have originated 50–85 MYA in a Myodonta ancestor from a copy of the B1 short interspersed element. The amplification of the gene with the flanking sequences could result from the supposed cellular requirement of the intensive synthesis of 4.5SH RNA. Further Myodonta evolution led to dramatic changes of the repeat sequences in every lineage with the conservation of the 4.5SH RNA genes only. This gene, like some other relatively recently originated genes, could be a useful model for studying generation and evolution of non–protein-coding genes.
INJURIES TO THE RECTUM CAUSED BY GYNECOLOGIC EXAMINATIONS.
Authors: HOWARD A. KELLY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Unfortunately, all risk to our patients is not incurred solely in the course of our aggressive modern methods of operating, as experience shows that the preliminary examination itself may even be a source of danger. The injury done by a gynecologic examination may fall on the structure which is being examined, or on the enveloping structures which constitute the wall of separation between the object and the examining fingers, occasioned by the effort on the part of the examiner to overcome the resistance offered by the barrier to palpation and the sense of touch. The injury thus incurred may be due either to the delicate nature of the tissues examined, rendering them liable to damage from the slightest violence, or to an unduly rough examination such as we too often witness, or to both of these factors combined. The examiner may in this way rupture, intra-abdominally, a thin-walled papillary
A METABOLISM STUDY OF ETHYLENE ANESTHESIA
Authors: H. A. OBERHELMAN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Since the introduction of ethylene as a general anesthetic by Luckhardt and Carter,<sup>1</sup>it has been successfully administered by Drs. Isabella Herb and Mary Lyons to more than 2,000 patients at the Presbyterian Hospital without a fatality. In general surgery, Luckhardt and Lewis<sup>2</sup>report most favorably on its use, from a clinical standpoint, in no less than 800 operations. Their observations and conclusions were confirmed by Brown<sup>3</sup>Henson<sup>4</sup>and finally by Allgeyer,<sup>5</sup>who reports its use with 100 patients. In genito-urinary surgery, Luckhardt and Kretschmer<sup>6</sup>found ethylene-oxygen the anesthetic of choice, especially in the presence of pulmonary, cardiac, vascular and renal lesions. In obstetric and gynecologic work, Heaney<sup>7</sup>has reported it superior to nitrous oxid in some respects, and finally, in infants, Lundy<sup>8</sup>prefers it to all other anesthetics. However safe ethylene-oxygen anesthesia has been demonstrated clinically at the Presbyterian Hospital and
THE RELATION OF CIRCULATING ANTIPNEUMOCOCCAL IMMUNE SUBSTANCES TO THE COURSE OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA III. INJECTED IMMUNE SUBSTANCES (ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM, TYPES I AND II)
Authors: O. H. Robertson, James B. Graeser, Lowell T. Coggeshall, Richard H. P. Sia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1934)

In the consideration of this phase of the subject more attention will be given to certain objective changes occurring after the introduction of im- mune serum than to mortality.Our series of cases is far too small to per- mit any conclusions concerning the influence of serum therapy on the outcome of the disease.Mortality percentages will be taken into account in the discussion of the reports of other workers.We wish to present the data which we have secured from a study of the effect of immune serum, chiefly Type I, on the spread of the pneumonic lesion, bacteremia, the dura- tion of the disease and resolution of the consolidated lung.
International criticism prompts Sri Lanka to improve health services for conflict victims
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Widespread international condemnation has prompted Sri Lanka’s ministry of health to increase health services for almost 300 000 people displaced by the recent war and confined in camps. The World Health Organization is taking the lead in helping the health ministry by providing technical advice and supplies, including hospital beds and cardiac monitors, said Paul Garwood, spokesman for WHO.

WHO says that hospital facilities are severely overburdened and in need of more staff and medical supplies. There are seven hospitals in the Northern …
IX: Summary of Meta-Analyses of Therapies for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Ann Cranney, Gordon Guyatt, Lauren Griffith, George Wells, Peter Tugwell, Clifford Rosen
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

This section summarizes the results of the seven systematic reviews of osteoporosis therapies published in this series [calcium, vitamin D, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), alendronate, risedronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin] and systematic reviews of etidronate and fluoride we have published elsewhere. We highlight the methodological strengths and weaknesses of the individual studies, and summarize the effects of treatments on the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures and on bone density, including effects in different patient subgroups. We provide an estimate of the expected impact of antiosteoporosis interventions in prevention and treatment populations using the number needed to treat (NNT) as a reference. In addition to the evidence, judgements about the relative weight that one places on weaker and stronger evidence, attitudes toward uncertainty, circumstances of patients' and societal values or preferences will, and should, play an important role in decision-making regarding anti-osteoporosis therapy.
Identifying hepatitis C virus genotype 2/3 patients who can receive a 16-week abbreviated course of peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin
Authors: Moises Diago, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Stefan Zeuzem, Maribel Rodriguez-Torres, Stephen C. Pappas, Andreas Tietz, David R. Nelson
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The objective of this analysis was to compare sustained virological response (SVR) and relapse rates in patients with a rapid virological response (RVR, HCV RNA &lt;50 IU/mL at week 4) randomized to 24 or 16 weeks of treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) 180 μg/week plus ribavirin 800 mg/day in the multinational ACCELERATE study. The analysis was restricted to patients who received treatment for 80% or more of the planned duration. Of 1309 eligible patients, 863 individuals (65.9%) achieved an RVR and were included in this analysis (458 assigned to 16 weeks and 405 assigned to 24 weeks). The overall SVR rate was significantly higher in patients randomized to 24 weeks of treatment (91% versus 82%; P = 0.0006) and among patients infected with genotype 2 (92% versus 81%; P = 0.0010) but not genotype 3 (90% versus 84%; P = 0.1308). Relapse rates were significantly lower among all patients randomized to 24 weeks of treatment: overall (6% versus 15%, P &lt; 0.0001); in those infected with genotype 2 (5% versus 17%, P = 0.0001), and genotype 3 (7% versus 14%, P = 0.0489). SVR rates in patients with a viral load of 400,000 IU/mL or less randomized to 24 and 16 weeks of treatment were similar, 95% and 91% ( P = 0.2012). Significant pretreatment predictors of SVR included assignment to 24 weeks of treatment ( P = 0.0006), absence of advanced fibrosis on liver biopsy ( P = 0.0032), lower HCV RNA level ( P = 0.0017), and lower body weight ( P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion : The standard 24-week regimen of peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin is significantly more effective than an abbreviated 16-week regimen in genotype 2/3 patients who achieve an RVR. Abbreviated regimens may be considered in patients with a low baseline viral load who achieve an RVR. Hepatology 2010
PEPCK-M expression in mouse liver potentiates, not replaces, PEPCK-C mediated gluconeogenesis
Authors: Andrés Méndez-Lucas, João André Gonçalves Duarte, Nishanth E. Sunny, Santhosh Satapati, TianTeng He, Xiaorong Fu, Jordi Bermúdez, Shawn C. Burgess, Jose C. Perales
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
New Design of Miniature Electromagnetic Blood Flow Transducers Suitable for Semi-automatic Fabrication
Authors: A. Kolin, J. Vanyo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

A new design of electromagnetic flow transducer and semi-automatic method of producing it at a low cost is described. The transducer is characterized by a 3-pole magnet core. Two of these poles can be considered as one split pole permitting insertion of the artery through the split-pole piece into the transducer lumen.
The Practitioner's Illustarted Dermatology
Authors: J. T. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1965)

use of manpower to devote 40% of the beds in the ward to single rooms ?Other hospital departments are not considered in detail, which is disappointing in view of the increasing importance of such departments as accident and emergency, supply, and out- patients.The authors would not lack hypotheses but were no doubt deterred by lack of experimentation.The authors are somewhat naive in regarding the "patient" as the architect's client.In setting out standards to be achieved they fail to recognize the limitations of the economic and financial situation in this country.Even in high-income-group areas in the United States of America, which attract little or no Hill Burton assistance, the committee representing the community determines a financial ceiling when inviting bids for their new hospital.The authors stress the inordinate time it takes us in England to build our hospitals, and draw attention to the imaginative and revolu-
MicroRNA Microarray Identifies <i>Let-7i</i> as a Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Nuo Yang, Sippy Kaur, Stefano Volinia, Joel Greshock, Heini Lassus, Kosei Hasegawa, Shun Liang, Arto Leminen, Shan Deng, Lori Smith, Cameron N. Johnstone, Xian-Ming Chen, Chang-Gong Liu, Qihong Huang, Dionyssios Katsaros, George Adrian Calin, Barbara L. Weber, Ralf Bützow, Carlo M. Croce, George Coukos, Lin Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) are approximately 22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression in a sequence-specific manner via translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. Our recent studies showed that miRNAs exhibit genomic alterations at a high frequency and their expression is remarkably deregulated in ovarian cancer, strongly suggesting that miRNAs are involved in the initiation and progression of this disease. In the present study, we performed miRNA microarray to identify the miRNAs associated with chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer and found that let-7i expression was significantly reduced in chemotherapy-resistant patients (n = 69, P = 0.003). This result was further validated by stem-loop real-time reverse transcription-PCR (n = 62, P = 0.015). Both loss-of-function (by synthetic let-7i inhibitor) and gain-of-function (by retroviral overexpression of let-7i) studies showed that reduced let-7i expression significantly increased the resistance of ovarian and breast cancer cells to the chemotherapy drug, cis-platinum. Finally, using miRNA microarray, we found that decreased let-7i expression was significantly associated with the shorter progression-free survival of patients with late-stage ovarian cancer (n = 72, P = 0.042). This finding was further validated in the same sample set by stem-loop real-time reverse transcription-PCR (n = 62, P = 0.001) and in an independent sample set by in situ hybridization (n = 53, P = 0.049). Taken together, our results strongly suggest that let-7i might be used as a therapeutic target to modulate platinum-based chemotherapy and as a biomarker to predict chemotherapy response and survival in patients with ovarian cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10307–14]
Computer Model Simulating Medical Care in Hospital
Authors: C. R. Hearn, J. M. Bishop
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A computer model has been constructed to simulate the activities and events concerned in the care of patients in hospital. After validation of the model it has been used to examine the consequences of certain changes in the mode of working in the hospital, including the scheduling of items of service and a system of progressive care. It is concluded that computer models of this kind are likely to prove of value in the management of hospital resources.
1171 IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC VARIANTS OF THE IL28B ASSOCIATED WITH SPONTANEOUS CLEARANCE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN JAPANESE POPULATION
Authors: K. Matsuura, Y. Tanaka, N. Nishida, M. Sugiyama, M. Kurosaki, N. Izumi, A. Tamori, K. Abe, F. Sugauchi, S. Nojiri, T. Joh, H. Tsubouchi, K. Tokunaga, K. Ito, M. Mizokami
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Galectin-3 Mediates Nuclear β-Catenin Accumulation and Wnt Signaling in Human Colon Cancer Cells by Regulation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Activity
Authors: Shumei Song, Nachman Mazurek, Chunming Liu, Yunjie Sun, Qing Qing Ding, Kaifeng Liu, Mien-Chie Hung, Robert S. Bresalier
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Wnt/beta-catenin signaling plays an essential role in colon carcinogenesis. Galectin-3, a beta-galactoside-binding protein, has been implicated in Wnt signaling, but the precise mechanisms by which galectin-3 modulates the Wnt pathway are unknown. In the present study, we determined the effects of galectin-3 on the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in colon cancer cells, as well as the mechanisms involved. Galectin-3 levels were manipulated in human colon cancer cells by stable transfection of galectin-3 antisense, short hairpin RNA, or full-length galectin-3 cDNA, and effects on beta-catenin levels, subcellular distribution, and Wnt signaling were determined. Galectin-3 levels correlated with beta-catenin levels in a variety of colon cancer cell lines. Down-regulation of galectin-3 resulted in decreased beta-catenin protein levels but no change in beta-catenin mRNA levels, suggesting that galectin-3 modulates beta-catenin by another mechanism. Reduction of galectin-3 led to reduced nuclear beta-catenin with a concomitant decrease in TCF4 transcriptional activity and expression of its target genes. Conversely, transfection of galectin-3 cDNA into colon cancer cells increased beta-catenin expression and TCF4 transcriptional activity. Down-regulation of galectin-3 resulted in AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) dephosphorylation and increased GSK activity, increasing beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation. Ly294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and dominant-negative AKT, suppressed TCF4 transcriptional activity induced by galectin-3 whereas LiCl, a GSK-3beta inhibitor, increased TCF4 activity, mimicking the effects of galectin-3. These results suggest that galectin-3 mediates Wnt signaling, at least in part, by regulating GSK-3beta phosphorylation and activity via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway, and, thus, the degradation of beta-catenin in colon cancer cells.