tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The cryptophycins: Their synthesis and anticancer activity
Authors: MariJean Eggen, Gunda I. Georg
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2002)

The cryptophycins are a unique family of 16-membered macrolide antimitotic agents isolated from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. Their molecular target is tubulin protein wherein they are the most potent known stabilizers of microtubule dynamics and depolymerize microtubules at higher concentrations. They also deactivate the Bcl2 protein and produce apoptotic response much more quickly and at considerably lower concentrations than clinically utilized compounds. The presence of several amide and ester linkages within the cryptophycin core provides access to very convergent total synthetic approaches. Likewise, the modularity of the structure renders their synthesis amenable to structure-activity studies in several regions of the molecule. The in vivo hydrolytic instability of the C5 ester was a key obstacle to the successful identification of a clinical candidate. This problem was ameliorated by increased substitution at C6 as in the presence of gem-dimethyl substitution in the clinical candidate, cryptophycin-52.
Small lateral access—an alternative approach to appendicitis in paediatric patients: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Arshad Hussain Malik, R.A. Wani, B.D. Saima, M.Y. Wani
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2006)

Conventionally the appendix is removed through a right lower quadrant transverse incision or a gridiron incision approximately 5 cm in length. In this modern era of minimally invasive surgery, there is a lot of emphasis on cosmesis and early recovery. We performed a prospective, double blind, randomised trial to evaluate a new incision for appendectomy to compare with conventional appendectomy.One hundred and twenty patients, aged between 3 and 18 years, were randomized to receive either small access appendectomy (SAA) (n=60, 53 acute appendicitis and 7 interval appendectomy) or conventional appendectomy (CAP) (n=60, 55 acute appendicitis and 5 interval appendectomy). SAA was performed through an incision in the lateral 1/3 of the spino-umbilical line, lateral to McBurney's point. The caecum along with the appendix could be delivered through this small incision easily as the ileal loops did not interfere with the delivery. All patients suspected of acute appendicitis were evaluated by the modified Alvarado's system to reduce the rate of negative appendectomies. Patients with diffuse peritonitis were excluded.The demographic data for the two groups were similar. The SAA group required less analgesics (p<0.001), had earlier ambulation and shorter hospital stay (p<0.001), and better cosmetic score (p<0.001), but the operation took longer (p<0.001) compared to the CAP group.We conclude that SAA can be done safely without the need for any special equipment, with definite advantages over conventional appendectomy.
Mouse model of myocardial remodelling after ischemia: role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1
Authors: B Metzler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: We studied the effects of temporary myocardial ischemia and reperfusion on myocyte injury and ventricular remodelling in wildtype and intercellular adhesion molecule-1- (ICAM-1) deficient mice. Methods: ICAM-1−/− and ICAM-1+/+ mice were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia and subsequent reperfusion for 2 h, 1 week and 3 weeks, respectively. The evaluation of tissue damage and scar size was performed with histological sections stained with hematoxilin and eosin. Serum levels of troponin T, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 were evaluated as an index of cardiac cellular damage. Immunohistological analysis was employed to determine cell compositions in ischemic regions. Results: After myocardial ischemia (30 min) and 2 h reperfusion, elevation in serum troponin T, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 were found in both groups, but significantly reduced in ICAM-1−/− mice compared with wildtype mice (P<0.05). Absence of a functional ICAM-1 gene in ICAM-1−/− mice resulted in a marked reduction of ischemia–reperfusion injury at the early stage. The damage score and size of the infarct area were lower in ICAM-1 −/− mice by 30 min of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion (1.4±0.54 vs. 2.4±0.47, P<0.05). The percentage of MAC-1-positive cells in the ischemic region and the border zone was also significantly diminished in groups of ICAM-1−/− mice. Surprisingly, the scar size in ventricles in animals 1 or 3 weeks after ischemia was similar between ICAM-1−/− and ICAM-1+/+ mice, although the number of infiltrated MAC-1 positive cells in the scar in wildtype mice was higher. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the absence of ICAM-1 expression results in less myocardial damage induced by ischemia–reperfusion at the early stage, but does not influence the size of myocardial infarction and scar formation.
Demonstration of Hydrothorax by Intraperitoneal Injection of Technetium-99m MAA in the Evaluation of Peritoneovenous Shunt Patency
Authors: CHARLES A. STEWART, IVAN T. SAKIMURA, MICHAEL E. SIEGEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A case of hydrothorax in a patient with recurrent ascites following Le Veen peritoneovenous shunt placement is presented. Patency of the Le Veen shunt was studied by the intraperitoneal injection of Tc-99m MAA with subsequent activity seen in the right hemithorax only. A standard perfusion lung scan showed only the left lung to be perfused. Thus, the right hemithorax activity seen could not be due to shunt patency, but represented direct communication between the labeled ascitic fluid and the right hydrothorax seen on chest x-ray.
Bladder cancer and coffee drinking: a summary of case-control research
Authors: C.M. Viscoli, M.S. Lachs, R.I. Horwitz
Journal: The Lancet (1993)

An association between coffee drinking and cancer of the lower urinary tract (LUT) was first suggested 20 years ago and has been the subject of many epidemiological studies. We have undertaken a critical review and statistical summary of 35 case-control studies of this association published between 1971 and 1992. Predefined methodological criteria were applied to the available reports. Studies were classified as either meeting the criteria (core studies) or failing to satisfy at least one of the requirements for design or analysis (non-core studies). The summarised data from the 8 core studies showed no evidence of an increase in risk of LUT cancer with coffee drinking in men or women after adjustment for the effects of cigarette smoking (odds ratio 1.07 [95% CI 1.00-1.14] for men, 0.91 [0.81-1.03] for women). The measures of association from the non-core studies were higher on average than those from the core studies, although the inclusion of these data in an overall summarised estimate did not substantially change the findings from the core analysis. We conclude that the best available data do not suggest a clinically important association between the regular use of coffee and development of cancer of the LUT in men or women.
Placental Transfer of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents in Pregnant Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Uma Mahadevan, Douglas C. Wolf, Marla Dubinsky, Antoine Cortot, Scott D. Lee, Corey A. Siegel, Thomas Ullman, Sarah Glover, John F. Valentine, David T. Rubin, Jocelyn Miller, Maria T. Abreu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Treatment Sequence for Colorectal Cancer With Hepatic Metastases
Authors: Andrew Klein
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
CNS Disorder During Mechanical Ventilation in Chronic Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Edward B. Rotheram, Peter Safar, Eugene D. Robin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Five patients with obstructive pulmonary disease developed generalized fits, coma, and multifocal central nervous system excitation following vigorous correction of chronic hypercapnia. Clinical improvement occurred prior to the onset of neurological symptoms. Alkalosis with persistent elevation of plasma bicarbonate concentration was the outstanding biochemical abnormality. Two patients recovered when their arterial CO<sub>2</sub>tensions were allowed to rise. Alkalosis should be avoided when treating pulmonary decompensation. Since hypoxia can be corrected rapidly by oxygen therapy, the hypercapnia can be corrected more gradually by successive increments in ventilation.
PLASMA MYELOPEROXIDASE LEVEL AIDS IN PREDICTING LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Mehmet Kaya, Ridvan Yalcin, Kaan Okyay, Fatih Poyraz, Nilufer Bayraktar, Hatice Pasaoglu, Bulent Boyaci, Atiye Cengel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Risks of dependence on benzodiazepine drugs: a major problem of long term treatment.
Authors: H. Ashton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Risks of dependence on benzodiazepine drugs: a major problem of long term treatment Heather Ashton Phlegmatic people dislike taking benzodiazepine drugs.In those with low'anxiety traits benzodiazepines are dysphoric and may paradoxically increase anxiety.'In normal subjects benzodiazepines improve perform- ance under experimental stress but worsen it under conditions of low stress.2Benzodiazepines relieve pre- operative anxiety in patients with high anticipatory anxiety but not in those with low anticipatory anxiety.3
Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase after Subcutaneous Heparin
Authors: WILLIAM E. CONNOR, MARK L. ARMSTRONG
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Plasma lipoprotein lipase was measured at intervals after the subcutaneous injection of heparin in 34 men. This enzyme was significantly increased in plasma for as long as 24 hours after a 50-mg. dose. While the initial response was greater after a 200-mg. dose, the 24-hour lipoprotein lipase was similar for both 50 mg. and 200 mg. Plasma lipoprotein lipase produced after intravenous heparin was dissipated after 6 hours. The lipoprotein-lipase response at 16 and 24 hours after the subcutaneous injection of heparin was similar in men with coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis and in healthy men. Age did not affect plasma lipoprotein-lipase response. Patients who had received 50 mg. of heparin subcutaneously each day for an average time of 12 months did not have exhaustion of the lipoprotein-lipase response to a test dose of heparin. It is suggested that the daily administration of heparin is necessary to produce a continuous concentration of plasma lipoprotein lipase. A dose of 50 mg. (5,000 units) given subcutaneously produced a prolonged lipoprotein-lipase response and only a mild anticoagulant effect, unlikely to induce the complication of bleeding.
Comparing the Status of Women and Men in Academic Medicine
Authors: Phyllis L. Carr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To explore the status and academic productivity of women compared with men in academic internal medicine. Design: Mail survey done in 1986. Setting: A total of 107 major teaching hospitals in the United States. Participants: Full-time (1693 of 2510) faculty in cardiology, rheumatology, and general internal medicine; 67% of eligible men and 70% of eligible women. Measurements: Academic productivity defined as research grants awarded, abstracts accepted, and papers published in refereed journals; academic advancement as determined by academic rank and tenure status; and monetary compensation. Results: Women entered academic medicine with shorter periods of fellowship training and were less likely to be members in the Alpha Omega Alpha honor society, but they had job descriptions similar to those of men, with similar allocation of work between research, clinical, and teaching activities. After adjustment, women and men were similar in the numbers of research grants funded as principal investigator (1.9 compared with 2.0), abstracts accepted (6.8 compared with 6.1), and papers published in refereed journals (28.8 compared with 29.2; all with P > 0.20). Women were as likely as men to have tenure, but they had lower academic rank (full or associate professor; 33% compared with 47%, P < 0.001) and received less compensation ($72 000 compared with $79 600 annually; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Although women do similar professional tasks and achieve similar levels of academic productivity, they receive fewer rewards for their work, both in academic rank and monetary compensation.
PSYCHOSOMATIC ASPECTS OF ACNE.
Authors: F.E. KENYON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article PSYCHOSOMATIC ASPECTS OF ACNE. Get access F.E. KENYON, M.A.CANTAB., M.B., B.CHIR., M.R.C.P., D.P.M. F.E. KENYON, M.A.CANTAB., M.B., B.CHIR., M.R.C.P., D.P.M. Consultant Psychiatrist, The Warneford Hospital, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 6, 1 June 1966, Pages 344–351, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb14689.x Published: 01 June 1966
Differential Effects of Source-Specific Particulate Matter on Emergency Hospitalizations for Ischemic Heart Disease in Hong Kong
Authors: Vivian Chit Pun, Ignatius Tak-sun Yu, Kin-fai Ho, Hong Qiu, Zhiwei Sun, Linwei Tian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major public health concern. Although many epidemiologic studies have reported evidence of adverse effects of particulate matter (PM) mass on IHD, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the potential impacts of different PM sources. Much the same as PM size, PM sources may influence toxicological characteristics.We identified contributing sources to PM10 mass and estimated the acute effects of PM10 sources on daily emergency IHD hospitalizations in Hong Kong.We analyzed the concentration data of 19 PM10 chemical components measured between 2001 and 2007 by positive matrix factorization to apportion PM10 mass, and used generalized additive models to estimate associations of interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM10 exposures with IHD hospitalization for different lag periods (up to 5 days), adjusted for potential confounders.We identified 8 PM10 sources: vehicle exhaust, soil/road dust, regional combustion, residual oil, fresh sea salt, aged sea salt, secondary nitrate, and secondary sulfate. Vehicle exhaust, secondary nitrate, and secondary sulfate contributed more than half of the PM10 mass. Although associations with IQR increases in 2-day moving averages (lag01) were statistically significant for most sources based on single-source models, only PM10 from vehicle exhaust [1.87% (95% CI: 0.66, 3.10); IQR = 4.9 μg/m3], secondary nitrate [2.28% (95% CI: 1.15, 3.42); IQR = 8.6 μg/m3], and aged sea salt [1.19% (95% CI: 0.04, 2.36); IQR = 5.9 μg/m3] were significantly associated with IHD hospitalizations in the multisource model. Analysis using chemical components provided similar findings.Emergency IHD hospitalization was significantly linked with PM10 from vehicle exhaust, nitrate-rich secondary PM, and sea salt-related PM. Findings may help prioritize toxicological research and guide future monitoring and emission-control polices.
Asymmetric Abnormality of Renal Perfusion with Symmetric Function in Aortic Dissection
Authors: TAMIO ABURANO, KUNIHIKO YOKOYAMA, JUNICHI TAKI, TERUHIKO TAKAYAMA, NORIYUKI SHUKE, NORISHA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Two cases of aortic dissection are presented in which discordance between renal perfusion and function has been demonstrated with Tc-99m DTPA. Renal perfusion on the affected side was decreased on blood flow imaging, whereas renal function, including parenchymal accumulation and excretion assessed by subsequent sequential imaging, were similar for both kidneys. These results suggest that blood flow imaging more readily demonstrates a unilateral renal abnormality in patients with aortic dissection.
Attitudes of patients after "genetic" termination of pregnancy.
Authors: P Donnai, N Charles, R Harris
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Twelve of 15 women who had had abnormal fetuses agreed to be interviewed after termination of the pregnancy. The survey showed that persistent adverse psychological and social reactions may be much commoner in patients undergoing termination of pregnancy for genetic rather than "social" indications. Adequate information and counselling before, and support after, termination of an abnormal pregnancy are essential if these women are to cope with the experience.
Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection: Implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs
Authors: Anna S. F. Lok, Ching-Lung Lai, Pui-Chee Wu
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Of 1,801 Chinese subjects, age 1 to 90 years, screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody (HBsAg, anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), 214 (11.9%) had an isolated, positive anti-HBc result; anti-HBc was reproducibly present in the initial sera in only 66% and persisted after an interval of 2 weeks to 3 months in only 73%. There was a strong correlation between the rates of reproducibility and persistence of isolated anti-HBc and the initial anti-HBc titers. Thirty-two subjects with persistent, isolated anti-HBc received four doses of hepatitis B vaccine (5 μg, HEVAC B) at 0, 1, 2 and 12 months: 56% developed a primary anti-HBs response in response to hepatitis B vaccine, 16% developed an anamnestic or secondary anti-HBs response, and 28% were undetectable for anti-HBs even after four doses of vaccine. The low rates of reproducibility and persistence of anti-HBc together with the high rate of primary anti-HBs response to hepatitis B vaccine in subjects with isolated anti-HBc raise doubts as to the reliability of anti-HBc (Corzyme, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) as a single screening test for hepatitis B infection prior to vaccination and suggests that subjects with isolated anti-HBc, in particular those with low anti-HBc titers, be included in vaccination programs.
Oxidatively Damaged DNA in Rats Exposed by Oral Gavage to C <sub>60</sub> Fullerenes and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Janne K. Folkmann, Lotte Risom, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Håkan Wallin, Steffen Loft, Peter Møller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

C60 fullerenes and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are projected to be used in medicine and consumer products with potential human exposure. The hazardous effects of these particles are expected to involve oxidative stress with generation of oxidatively damaged DNA that might be the initiating event in the development of cancer.In this study we investigated the effect of a single oral administration of C60 fullerenes and SWCNT.We measured the level of oxidative damage to DNA as the premutagenic 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in the colon mucosa, liver, and lung of rats after intragastric administration of pristine C60 fullerenes or SWCNT (0.064 or 0.64 mg/kg body weight) suspended in saline solution or corn oil. We investigated the regulation of DNA repair systems toward 8-oxodG in liver and lung tissue.Both doses of SWCNT increased the levels of 8-oxodG in liver and lung. Administration of C60 fullerenes increased the hepatic level of 8-oxodG, whereas only the high dose generated 8-oxodG in the lung. We detected no effects on 8-oxodG in colon mucosa. Suspension of particles in saline solution or corn oil yielded a similar extent of genotoxicity, whereas corn oil per se generated more genotoxicity than the particles. Although there was increased mRNA expression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase in the liver of C60 fullerene-treated rats, we found no significant increase in repair activity.Oral exposure to low doses of C60 fullerenes and SWCNT is associated with elevated levels of 8-oxodG in the liver and lung, which is likely to be caused by a direct genotoxic ability rather than an inhibition of the DNA repair system.
Generalised tissue abnormality of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in psoriasis.
Authors: P H Chapman, P J Kersey, B Keys, S Shuster, M D Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and inducibility were measured in jejunal mucosa, liver, and lesion-free epidermis of patients with psoriasis. In all three tissues AHH activity and inducibility were less than in controls. This demonstration of a generalised enzymatic abnormality in the tissues of patients with psoriasis is in keeping with the suggestion that it may be close to the underlying genetic defect.
Circadian Periodicity of Serum Prolactin Concentration in Man
Authors: J. Nokin, M. Vekemans, M. L'Hermite, C. Robyn
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Immunoreactive human serum prolactin of pituitary origin has been measured by a radioimmunoassay developed for ovine prolactin. Blood samples were collected at four-hour intervals during a 24-hour period from 12 non-pregnant women, three pregnant women, and seven adult men. A circadian periodicity was found in serum prolactin concentration, with peak values during the night, between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. for the non-pregnant women, and at 5 a.m. for the adult men. Mean serum levels of prolactin were 1.5 times higher in non-pregnant women than in men. In women investigated during the last month of their pregnancy the mean serum prolactin levels were 2.3 times higher than in the non-pregnant women, but there was no circadian periodicity.
Serum Gastrin Concentrations in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: James E. McGuigan, Walter L. Trudeau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Fasting and postprandial (two hour) venous gastrin concentrations were measured in serums from a population of 29 patients with pernicious anemia and compared with a control population of patients. Mean fasting and postprandial gastrin concentrations for the patients with pernicious anemia were 997 (± 182 S.E.) and 1007 (± 303 S.E.) pg per milliliter respectively, whereas fasting and postprandial serum gastrin levels for the control patients were 165 (± 28 S.E.) and 209 (± 55 S.E.) pg per milliliter. The differences are significant (p less than 0.025). Among the patients with pernicious anemia nine of 29 (31 per cent) had serum gastrin levels sufficiently elevated to be considered in the hypergastrinemic range characteristic of the Zollinger — Ellison syndrome.