tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION OF HEMORRHAGIC NECROTIC SKIN LESIONS IN THE RABBIT BY MEANS OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE AND HEMOPHILUS PERTUSSIS
Authors: Ernest Witebsky, Heinz Salm
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. The intradermal injection of H. influenzae in the abdominal wall of rabbits induces inflammation, frequently combined with a central pustule. The corresponding injection of H. pertussis causes a bluish violet discoloration of the skin area involved which undergoes slight hemorrhagic necrotic changes within a few days. 2. The intravenous injection of living H. influenzae, 24 hours after the intradermal inoculation with living H. influenzae, is able to transform the respective skin areas into severe hemorrhagic necrotic lesions within 3 to 5 hours. 3. Heat-killed H. influenzae, if injected intravenously, may produce hemorrhagic-necrotic lesions in areas previously prepared with living or heat-killed H. influenzae. 4. H. pertussis, if injected intravenously, may cause, perhaps to a lesser extent, hemorrhagic necrotic lesions in skin areas 24 hours previously injected with H. influenzae. 5. The normal course of the infection of rabbit skin with H. pertussis is not, or not essentially, influenced by intravenous reinjection of living or killed H. influenzae or H. pertussis. 6. The agar washing filtrate of B. typhosus, if injected intravenously, can produce hemorrhagic necrotic lesions in rabbit skin prepared intracutaneously with living as well as with heat-killed H. influenzae. The intravenous injection of B. typhosus agar washing filtrate has no influence on areas prepared with H. pertussis. 7. Conversely, H. influenzae as well as H. pertussis, if injected intravenously, are able to produce hemorrhagic necrotic lesions in rabbit skin prepared 24 hours previously with B. typhosus agar washing filtrate. 8. The effectiveness of suspensions of H. influenzae apparently is confined to the bacteria themselves rather than to the supernatant fluids. This does not exclude the possibility of producing effective exotoxins under special experimental conditions.
One-Year Outcomes with Half-Dose Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Kyoko Fujita, Yutaka Imamura, Kei Shinoda, Celso Soiti Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Mizutani, Kouhei Hashizume, Atsushi Mizota, Mitsuko Yuzawa
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Why Health Insurance Literacy Matters
Authors: Larry Levitt
Journal: JAMA (2015)

progressed, a placental abruption may occur or a prolapsed umbilical cord drop through the cervix. Although such complications affect only 1% to 1.5% of pregnancies, if you don’t have the capacity to deal with them, it’s catastrophic for the fetus,” said Lawrence, who has delivered 7000 babies. Mairi BreenRothman, CNM,MSN,who has a home birth practice in the Washington, DC, area and is a board member of the AmericanCollegeofNurse-Midwives,agreed that rare complicationsarehandled faster in ahospital. “But therearealso risks in thehospital that don’t exist at home—a hospitalacquired, antibiotic-resistant infectionor an adverse reaction to regional anesthesia,” she wrote in an email.
Screening Newborn Infants for Phenylketonuria
Authors: David Yi-Yung Hsia, Julian L. Berman, Herman M. Slatis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Using a quantitative method to determine serum phenylalanine that requires 25μl of serum from capillary blood, 4,000 newborn infants were tested for phenylketonuria. The mean and standard deviation for this sample are 2.09 ± 0.51 mg/ 100 ml. The values are not appreciably influenced by maternal age, gravida, sex, race, birth weight, or age of the infant. The lowest recorded serum phenylalanine on a phenylketonuric infant is about seven standard deviations above the mean for the normal newborn population. In this survey, only eight of the 4,000 infants (0.2%) temporarily showed serum phenylalanine levels above 4.0 mg/100 ml. Extrinsic factors, such as high tyrosine levels or heterozygosis, could account for this increase. This method appears to combine a high probability of detecting affected infants with a small frequency of false positives.
Abstract A62: Imaging the tumor micro-environment to monitor ovarian cancer metastasis
Authors: Jill K. Slack-Davis, Jennifer M. Scalici, Stephanie Thomas, Christine Harrer, Timothy A. Raines, Joanna Curran, Kristen A. Atkins, Mark R. Conaway, Linda Duska, Kimberly A. Kelly
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The inability to successfully treat women with ovarian cancer is due in large part to the advanced stage of disease at diagnosis, the development of platinum resistance, and the lack of sensitive methods to monitor tumor progression and response to treatment. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is expressed on the mesothelium of ovarian cancer patients. We investigated VCAM-1 expression as a marker of peritoneal metastasis and tumor response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining of peritoneal or omental biopsies obtained from women diagnosed with Stage I, Stage II or Stage III/IV ovarian cancer demonstrated that VCAM-1 expression correlated with tumor stage. All specimens from Stage I patients were negative, while 29% of Stage II patients and the 73% of Stage III/IV patients were positive. While the majority of women with advanced stage disease expressed VCAM-1, the incidence of expression was reduced among women who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting a role for chemotherapy in regulating VCAM-1 expression. The effects of carboplatin on mesothelial VCAM-1 expression were determined in a mouse model of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis using radiolabeled VCAM-1-specific peptide imaging probes and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This approach showed that 1) VCAM-1 is a viable imaging target in ovarian cancer metastasis, 2) maximal expression was detected with microscopic tumor burden, and 3) VCAM-1 expression reflected the effect of platinum-based treatment on tumor burden. Specifically, carboplatin treatment of mice with platinum-sensitive tumors showed reduced VCAM-1 expression, which correlated with reduced tumor burden; mice with platinum-resistant tumors retained elevated VCAM-1 expression and tumor burden following treatment. These observations support testing the utility of VCAM-1 imaging probes to monitor treatment response in ovarian cancer patients, thus providing the potential to improve management of women with this disease. Citation Format: Jill K. Slack-Davis, Jennifer M. Scalici, Stephanie Thomas, Christine Harrer, Timothy A. Raines, Joanna Curran, Kristen A. Atkins, Mark R. Conaway, Linda Duska, Kimberly A. Kelly. Imaging the tumor micro-environment to monitor ovarian cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A62.
Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium Predicts All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Matthew J. Budoff, John E. Hokanson, Khurram Nasir, Leslee J. Shaw, Gregory L. Kinney, David Chow, Daniel DeMoss, Vivek Nuguri, Vahid Nabavi, Raghu Ratakonda, Daniel S. Berman, Paolo Raggi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
CD8+ T cell response to Mls-1a determinants involves major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.
Authors: Y Chvatchko, H R MacDonald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Recent studies indicate that both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes proliferate in vitro in response to Mls-1a-encoded determinants. Using both immunogenetic and antibody blocking approaches we show here that Mls-1a responses of both subsets require expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (I-A and/or I-E) by the stimulator cells. Furthermore, CD8+ T cell responses to Mls-1a/class II MHC do not require (and are in fact inhibited by) the presence of functional CD8 molecules. Taken together, our data underscore the dramatic differences between CD8+ T cell responses to conventional peptide antigens as opposed to "superantigens" such as Mls-1a.
Escherichia coli serotypes throughout the gastrointestinal tract of patients with intestinal disorders.
Authors: S Tabaqchali, A Howard, C H Teoh-Chan, K A Bettelheim, S L Gorbach
Journal: Gut (1977)

The O and H serotypes of Escherichia coli that were present along the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract of patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth were studied. Multiple sero- and biotypes were represented, although usually a single serotype predominated in each patient. In a number of cases the different O:H serotypes were antigenically related indicating that antigenic degradation was occurring. The serotypes isolated from the stomach and small intestine were represented in the faeces. In general, within the limitations of this study, there appears to be a stable ecosystem in each patient and it may require specific oral antibiotics to alter it.
Thyroid Imaging With Tc-99m MIBI in Patients With Solitary Cold Single Nodules on Pertechnetate Imaging
Authors: OMAR ALONSO, GRACIELA LAGO, FERNANDO MUT, JUAN C. HERMIDA, MARGARITA NUNEZ, GUSTAVO DE PALMA, EDUARDO TOUYA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Thyroid imaging was performed in 30 patients with the standard pertechnetate technique, as well as with Tc-99m MIBI using a double-phase acquisition protocol. All patients had normal thyroid function confirmed by hormone measurements and cold solitary thyroid nodules, which were evaluated by pertechnetate scanning. Tc-99m MIBI scans were reported as showing cold (N = 14), warm (N = 7), or hot (N = 9) nodules. Nodule classification was made according to fine needle aspiration biopsy findings in 20 patients. The remaining 10 proceeded to surgery and had histopathologic confirmation of their lesions. Although all cold nodules with Tc-99m MIBI were cystic, six of the warm nodules were benign lesions. No histologically proven benign nodule was hot with Tc-99m MIBI. Of the hot nodules, seven were suspicious for follicular carcinoma with fine needle aspiration biopsy (N = 3), or had histologically proven papillary carcinoma (N = 4). Delayed images in five of seven of these lesions showed nodular retention of the radiopharmaceutical. In conclusion, double-phase Tc-99m MIBI scanning of the thyroid gland could be helpful in the preoperative assessment of patients with cold solitary thyroid nodules in order to evaluate the malignancy probability of these lesions.
Abstract 1835: Life Raft Group registry: An observational registry of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients
Authors: Jerry W. Call, P. D. Josephy, Jens Eickhoff, Roberto Pazmino, Magda Sarnas, Norman J. Scherzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We report on an international observational registry of patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST). The Life Raft Group (LRG) registry contains information provided by its members since May 8, 2000. As participation is primarily via the internet some selection bias may occur, e.g., participation by younger patients may be higher. The median current age is 56.2 for females and 57.8 for males. The registry includes 1106 GIST patients, 536 females and 570 males. Mutational status was reported by 268 patients as follows. KIT: exon 11 = 156 pts (58%), exon 9 = 37 pts (14%), exon 13 = 4 (1.5%), unspecified exon = 2 (.7%); PDGFRA: unspecified exon = 1 (.4%), exon 12 = 2 (.7%), exon 14 = 1 (.4%); exon 18 = 12 (4.5%); wild-type = 49 (18%); SDH mutations = 4 (1.5%). Pediatric patients represented 2.6% of the registry. Wild-type patients had a lower median age at diagnosis (29.5 years) than other types, representing a high percentage of pediatric-type GIST patients in this series. Overall, 74% (199) of patients had a KIT mutation, 6% (16) had a PDGFRA mutation, 18% (49) were wild-type and 1.5% (4) had SDH mutations. The age at diagnosis distribution was different between males and females with a higher ratio of females to males diagnosed prior to age 35 (2.02 to 1), a lower ratio between age 35 to 70 (0.81 to 1) and about the same ratio in older patients, 70 and older (1.09 to 1). Overall, the ratio of females to males was 0.94 to 1. The median overall survival for all patients was 14.5 years for females and 8.8 years for males. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the association between gender and overall survival. Age was included as a covariate. For age at diagnosis, the hazard ratio was 1.025 (P = &amp;lt;0.001); for gender, the hazard ratio was 0.642 (P = &amp;lt;0.001). In this observational registry, significant differences were noted between females and males; the ratio of females to males varied with age at diagnosis category and females had a significantly longer overall survival than males.Age at diagnosisAge CategoryFMGrand TotalF/M Ratio5-15166222.6715-20115162.2020-25136192.1725-302412362.0030-353118491.7235-403339720.8540-4552681200.7645-5070751450.9350-5576951710.8055-6069791480.8760-6547721190.6565-703947860.8370-751917361.1275-80811190.7380-856392.0085-90101 90-951121.00Unknown2016361.25Grand Total53657011060.94 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1835.
The Social and Psychological Backgrounds of Tuberculous Children
Authors: D. Rosenbluth, J. Bowlby
Journal: BMJ (1955)

MMICJa JOURMThe symptoms were those of increasing respiratory distress, pyrexia, cough, and cyanotic attacks.Death was due to bronchopneumonia in the first 24 hours, or later to bronchial obstruction caused by casts consisting mainly of fused necrotic epithelial cells.The bronchial changes were due to inhalation of smoke.Treatment included oxygen, chemotherapy, cortisone, percussion and postural drainage, and aspiration of mucus from the mouth and nasopharynx.Tracheal aspiration and gastric oxygen were used, but the results were disappointing.The question of possible alternative treatment is discussed.Among the many who helped us during these babies' illness we would like especially to record our thanks to Dr. B.
Low dose CT screening for lung cancer could save 12 000 US lives a year, researchers claim
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2013)

If current and former smokers aged 55 to 74 who smoked a pack a day for 30 years, or an equivalent amount, received low dose computed tomography screening, about 12 000 deaths from lung cancer could be avoided each year in the United States, a study published online in Cancer on 25 February has found.1

The number of people potentially saved by screening is about 7.6% of the lung cancer deaths each year in the US. About 443 000 Americans die each year from lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death.

Researchers from the American Cancer Society based their study on results from the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial conducted from …
Thrombopoietin Contributes to Enhanced Platelet Activation in Patients With Unstable Angina
Authors: Enrico Lupia, Ornella Bosco, Serena Bergerone, Anna Erna Dondi, Alberto Goffi, Elena Oliaro, Marco Cordero, Lorenzo Del Sorbo, Giampaolo Trevi, Giuseppe Montrucchio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
The Use of Ketoconazole as an Inhibitor of Steroid Production
Authors: John A. Oates, Alastair J.J. Wood, Nicoletta Sonino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Ketoconazole is an imidazole derivative that is chemically related to miconazole (Fig. 1). It is an oral antimycotic agent with broad-spectrum activity and low toxicity.1 2 3 The drug is considered to represent an important innovation in the treatment of fungal disease and has been used extensively in clinical practice for the past five years. The development of gynecomastia in some patients treated for mycosis first led to the investigation of the drug's effect on the production of testosterone.4 , 5 Thereafter, ketoconazole was shown to be a potent inhibitor of gonadal and adrenal steroid synthesis in vitro and in vivo.5 6 7 8 9 10 The finding of . . .
Critical Roles of Mucin 1 Glycosylation by Transactivated Polypeptide<i>N</i>-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 6 in Mammary Carcinogenesis
Authors: Jae-Hyun Park, Toshihiko Nishidate, Kyoko Kijima, Takao Ohashi, Kaoru Takegawa, Tomoko Fujikane, Koichi Hirata, Yusuke Nakamura, Toyomasa Katagiri
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The structure of O-glycosylated proteins is altered in breast cancer cells, but the mechanisms of such an aberrant modification have been largely unknown. We here report critical roles of a novel druggable target, polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 6 (GALNT6), which is upregulated in a great majority of breast cancers and encodes a glycosyltransferase responsible for initiating mucin-type O-glycosylation. Knockdown of GALNT6 by small interfering RNA significantly enhanced cell adhesion function and suppressed the growth of breast cancer cells. Western blot and immunostaining analyses indicated that wild-type GALNT6 protein could glycosylate and stabilize an oncoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1), which was upregulated with GALNT6 in breast cancer specimens. Furthermore, knockdown of GALNT6 or MUC1 led to similar morphologic changes of cancer cells accompanied by the increase of cell adhesion molecules β-catenin and E-cadherin. Our findings implied that overexpression of GALNT6 might contribute to mammary carcinogenesis through aberrant glycosylation and stabilization of MUC1 and that screening of GALNT6 inhibitors would be valuable for the development of novel therapeutic modalities against breast cancer. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2759–69
Prospective Study of Oral Contraceptives and Hypertension Among Women in the United States
Authors: Lisa Chasan-Taber, Walter C. Willett, JoAnn E. Manson, Donna Spiegelman, David J. Hunter, Gary Curhan, Graham A. Colditz, Meir J. Stampfer
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Oral contraceptives induce hypertension in approximately 5% of users of high-dose pills that contain at least 50 μg estrogen and 1 to 4 mg progestin, and small increases in blood pressure have been reported even among users of modern low-dose formulations. However, neither the responsible hormone in the oral contraceptive nor particular subgroups of women who might be susceptible to the hypertensive effect of oral contraceptives have been identified. Methods and Results In a prospective cohort study in the United States, 68 297 female nurses aged 25 to 42 years and free of diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer at baseline were followed up for 4 years. During 231 006 person-years of follow-up, 1567 incident cases of hypertension were diagnosed. Compared with women who had never used oral contraceptives, the age-adjusted relative risk was 1.5 (95% CI=1.2 to 1.8) for current use and 1.1 (95% CI=0.9 to 1.2) for past use. After adjustment for age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, family history of hypertension, parity, physical activity, alcohol intake, and ethnicity, current users of oral contraceptives had an increased risk of development of hypertension (RR=1.8; 95% CI=1.5 to 2.3) compared with women who had never used them. The multivariate relative risk for past users was 1.2 (95% CI=1.0 to 1.4). There were no important modifying effects of age, family history of hypertension, ethnicity, or body mass index. Conclusions Current users of oral contraceptives had a significant, moderately increased risk of hypertension. However, among this group, only 41.5 cases per 10 000 person-years could be attributed to oral contraceptive use. Risk decreased quickly with cessation of oral contraceptives, and past users appeared to have only a slightly increased risk.
Abstract 1304: HSF1 facilitates cell transformation by enhancing the expression of extracellular proteins.
Authors: Hsiao-Hui Kuo, Ling-Huei Yih
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The expression level or the activity of heat shock factor-1 (HSF1), a master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response, is elevated in cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. Loss of HSF1 function has been demonstrated to prevent oncogenesis. We thus examined whether and how HSF1 induces cell transformation using anchorage-independent growth as a surrogate for transformation phenotype. CGL2 cells overexpressing HSF1 (CGL2-wtHSF1) were more proficient to form colonies in soft agar than the parental control cells (CGL2-Neo). Cells stably depleted of HSF1 (CGL2-shHSF1), on the other hand, were unable to form colonies in soft agar. The diminished ability of CGL2-shHSF1 cells to grow in soft agar was rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type HSF1 but not an S326A substitution mutant or a C-terminal (transactivation domain) deletion mutant, indicating that phosphorylation at S326 and/or the transactivation activity of HSF1 was required for its ability to enhance anchorage-independent growth. In addition, conditioned medium collected from HSF1-overexpressing cells could induce anchorage-independent growth of HSF1-depleted cells. These results indicated that HSF1 might enhance cell transformation by transactivating the expression of particular extracellular proteins. Citation Format: Hsiao-Hui Kuo, Ling-Huei Yih. HSF1 facilitates cell transformation by enhancing the expression of extracellular proteins. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1304. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1304