tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Research needs for hepatic injury due to environmental agents.
Authors: P S Guzelian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

This report presents an overview of the patterns of liver injury produced by presently recognized toxic substances in the environment. Current concepts of the metabolic disposition of these substances in the liver suggest that their toxic effects may be modulated by an interplay between enzymatic pathways for activation or inactivation of foreign compounds. A better understanding of the genetic control of the enzymes involved in these pathways, as well as the mechanisms of cell death or malignancy produced by the products of these pathways, is needed. Although a number of sensitive biochemical tests of liver function are currently available, development of specific, noninvasive screening tests for the earliest manifestations of liver injury are urgently needed.
Effect of Radiotherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: 20 Years Follow-Up in the Randomized SweDCIS Trial
Authors: Fredrik Wärnberg, Hans Garmo, Stefan Emdin, Veronica Hedberg, Linda Adwall, Kerstin Sandelin, Anita Ringberg, Per Karlsson, Lars-Gunnar Arnesson, Harald Anderson, Karin Jirström, Lars Holmberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Four randomized studies show that adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) lowers the risk of subsequent ipsilateral breast events (IBEs) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by approximately 50% after 10 to 15 years. We present 20 years of follow-up data for the SweDCIS trial.Between 1987 and 1999 1,046 women were randomly assigned to RT or not after BCS for primary DCIS. Results up to 2005 have been published, and we now add another 7 years of follow-up. All breast cancer events and causes of death were registered.There were 129 in situ and 129 invasive IBEs. Absolute risk reduction in the RT arm was 12.0% at 20 years (95% CI, 6.5 to 17.7), with a relative risk reduction of 37.5%. Absolute reduction was 10.0% (95% CI, 6.0 to 14.0) for in situ and 2.0% (95% CI, -3.0 to 7.0) for invasive IBEs. There was a nonstatistically significantly increased number of contralateral events in the RT arm (67 v 48 events; hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.95 to 2.00). Breast cancer-specific death and overall survival were not influenced. Younger women experienced a relatively higher risk of invasive IBE and lower effect of RT. The hazard over time looked different for in situ and invasive IBEs.Use of adjuvant RT is supported by 20-year follow-up. Modest protection against invasive recurrences and a possible increase in contralateral cancers still call for a need to find groups of patients for whom RT could be avoided or mastectomy with breast reconstruction is indicated.
ELECTRICITY IN THE TREATMENT OF FIBROIDS OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: FRANKLIN H. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>CURRENT.</h3> In the treatment of fibroids of the uterus by electricity the direct current, or what is more commonly known as the galvanic current, is the form of electricity almost invariably employed. The maximum strength of current employed, 250 milliamperes or one-fourth of one ampere, requires an apparatus which will possess an electro-motive force of 30 to 40 volts. The amount of voltage required varies in different cases with the varying resistance of the electrodes and the tissues of the uterus and abdominal wall through which the current must act. This resistance may be from 60 to 300 ohms. This deviating resistance is accounted for by the use of different kinds of electrodes and the variation in the resistance of the same tissues in different individuals. <h3>APPARATUS.</h3> The direct current may be generated for medical uses from<i>a</i>, primary batteries,<i>b</i>, from dynamos of the non-alternating or non-interrupting variety employed
UK class tobacco action nears collapse
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The litigation by 53 ex-smokers with lung cancer against two British tobacco companies collapsed last week when 47 withdrew their claims and their lawyers pulled out of the case. The remaining six have until 16 April to decide whether to proceed against tobacco companies Imperial Tobacco or Gallaher, but their chances of going on are low.

The collapse …
Spontaneous Urinary Extravasation During a Diuretic Radionuclide Renal Study
Authors: KEVIN A. TRIBBLE, ROBERT H. WILKINSON, EROL M. BEYTAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Spontaneous urinary extravasation has been observed in excretory urography, but this complication has not been reported when a diuretic radionuclide renal study is used. This study reports two cases demonstrating this phenomenon. The lack of documentation of this occurrence may be related to the infrequency of this complication. Urinary extravasation is relatively innocuous although there are potential risks, as there are in excretory urography. The clinical usefulness of this study, however, clearly outweighs these potential risks.
Prognostic Implications of HPV in Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Douglas R. Lowy, Karl Munger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Identification of human papillomavirus (HPV) as the etiologic agent of cervical cancer has led to its identification in other cancers, with oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma the most common of these.1,2 In this issue of the Journal, Ang and colleagues3 report findings from their study (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00047008) that contribute to the growing body of evidence that HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma represents a distinct clinicopathological entity associated with a better prognosis than HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma.4,5 In a randomized trial of patients with oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma, the overall survival was substantially better among patients with HPV-positive cancer than among patients . . .
1026. Manipulation of S Phase Progression Can Counteract Cell Cycle Arrest of Corrected Cells during the Oligonucleotide-Directed Gene Repair Reaction
Authors: Luciana Ferrara, Julia Engstrom, Eric Kmiec
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We have previously shown that activation of the homologous recombinational repair pathway leads to a block of cell division in corrected cells, possibly through the activity of checkpoint proteins Chk1 and Chk2. Our results show that corrected cells contain only a few active replication templates two weeks after electroporation, yet do not display an apoptotic or senescent phenotype. This observation is unique for the corrected cells, as non-corrected cells, which still contain substantial levels of transfected oligonucleotides, do not show a significant induction of Chk1/Chk2 and are able to divide at normal rates, resulting the apparent decrease of gene repair frequency as a function of time. We show that the addition of thymidine, which impedes cellular replication through the inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, is able to maintain high levels of repair over several days and counteracts the reduction of gene repair levels. In addition, we reveal that by six weeks after electroporation, corrected cells resume active replication with a cell cycle profile that is comparable to that of the non-corrected population. These results indicate that the initial stalling of corrected cells is transient and cells eventually resume a normal phenotypic growth pattern, allowing for passaging and expansion in vitro.
Bilateral chronic subdural haematoma
Authors: O. Jolobe
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

The editorial 'Too little quality; too many doctors' (June 2006 JRSM 1 ) is incorrect to suggest that the General Medical Council (GMC) had a 'sudden demand for overseas graduates to have a work permit'.The GMC does not have any visa requirements for international medical graduates (IMGs).The Home Office is responsible for setting visa requirements.International medical graduates are responsible for ensuring that they have the appropriate visa when they enter the UK.
1199 SERUM ERYTHROPOIETIN - A NOVEL PREDICTIVE FACTOR FOR ANEMIA AND VIRAL RESPONSE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH PEGYLATINTERFERON ALPHA2A/ALPHA2B AND RIBAVIRIN
Authors: O. Orasan, N.R. Rednic, A. Cozma, A.V. Sitar Taut, T.G. Alexescu, D. Sampelean
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Animal models of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Focus on NMDA receptor antagonism
Authors: Joanna C. Neill, Samuel Barnes, Samantha Cook, Ben Grayson, Nagi F. Idris, Samantha L. McLean, Shikha Snigdha, Lakshmi Rajagopal, Michael K. Harte
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2010)
Coincident cytomegalovirus infection and toxoplasmosis in an uncompromised host.
Authors: K G Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Coincident cytomegalovirus infection and toxoplasmosis in an uncompromised hostSimultaneous infection by the obligate intracellular parasite Toxo- plasma gondii and by cytomegalovirus has been described in stillborn infants with congenitally acquired diseasel 2 and occurs with an unexpected frequency in patients with disseminated neoplasia.3 4Under normal circumstances it is uncommon for either agent to cause overt disease, and coincident infection with T gondii and cytomegalovirus does not appear to have been described in an otherwise healthy adult.I present a case of atypical mononucleosis accompanied by serological evidence of infection with both agents. Case reportA 71-year-old Welsh hill farmer was admitted three weeks after the onset of chills, lassitude, anorexia, occasional vomiting, and episodes of irrational behaviour.Apart from fever of 38°C there were no abnormal physical signs.Haemoglobin concentration was 13 8 g/dl with normal blood variables.Serum sodium and potassium concentrations were low at 131 mmol(mEq)/l
Hydroxyurea‐induced stomatocytes in a patient presenting with polycythemia vera
Authors: Julien Perrin, Dana Ranta, Jean‐François Lesesve
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Stomatocytes are abnormally shaped erythrocytes with a linear slit as central pallor (or stoma) 1. They usually result from the expansion of the inner leaflet of the red cell membrane or are the consequence of the increase in red cell membrane cation permeability. They might be observed among healthy subjects, but below 3% of the red cells. More importantly, such abnormality might be observed in a variety of situations as rare inherited (hereditary stomatocytosis 2, hereditary phytosterolemia 3) as well as acquired disorders (mainly liver diseases with excessive alcohol consumption as the commonest cause). When associated to macrocytosis, a myelodysplastic syndrome/neoplasm should be ruled out. A few drugs have been associated with the occurrence of stomatocytes, in vitro or in vivo: neurotropic drugs (chlorpromazine, diazepam, citalopram) 4, 5 or arsenic 6. Here, we report the case of an 80-year-old man, without previous history of hemolytic anemia or liver dysfunction, who was diagnosed with a JAK2 V617F negative-polycythemia vera requiring a treatment with hydroxyurea 500 mg twice daily. At diagnosis, blood count was Hb 21 g/dL, Ht 0.62, MCV 98 fL, MCH 32 pg, without any special comment on red cells morphology. During the follow-up, several blood counts were performed (last one: Hb 17 g/dL, Ht 0.54, MCV 132 fL, MCH 43 pg) and numerous stomatocytes (around 20% of the red cells) were then observed on the blood film (Image 1). No other morphological abnormality was evidenced, except macrocytosis. No liver dysfunction was found. In the present observation, stomatocytes appeared concomitantly with the MCV increase related to hydroxyurea uptake, therefore suggesting a direct link between stomatocytes and hydroxyurea therapy. Our case reminds that hydroxyurea therapy can also result in stomatocytes appearance on the blood film 1, making them an excellent account for the patient's compliance to therapy! Blood film (May-Grünwald Giemsa) showing the presence of numerous stomatocytes.
IL-10, regulatory T cells, and Kupffer cells mediate tolerance in concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Annette Erhardt, Markus Biburger, Thomas Papadopoulos, Gisa Tiegs
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The liver appears to play an important role in immunological tolerance, for example, during allo-transplantation. We investigated tolerance mechanisms in the model of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced immune-mediated liver injury in mice. We found that a single injection of a sublethal ConA dose to C57BL/6 mice induced tolerance toward ConA-induced liver damage within 8 days. This tolerogenic state was characterized by suppression of the typical Th1 response in this model and increased IL-10 production. Tolerance induction was fully reversible in IL-10−/− mice and after blockade of IL-10 responses by anti-IL10R antibody. Co-cultures of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4+CD25− responder cells revealed Treg from ConA-tolerant mice being more effective in suppressing polyclonal T cell responses than Treg from control mice. Moreover, Treg from tolerant but not from control mice were able to augment in vitro IL-10 expression. Depletion by anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (MAb) indicated a functional role of Tregs in ConA tolerance in vivo. Cell depletion studies revealed Tregs and Kupffer cells (KC) to be crucial for IL-10 expression in ConA tolerance. Studies with CD1d−/− mice lacking natural killer T (NKT) cells disclosed these cells as irrelevant for the tolerogenic effect. Finally, cellular immune therapy with CD4+CD25+ cells prevented ConA-induced liver injury, with higher protection by Treg from ConA-tolerized mice. Conclusion : The immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 is crucial for tolerance induction in ConA hepatitis and is mainly expressed by CD4+CD25+ Treg and KC. Moreover, Tregs exhibit therapeutic potential against immune-mediated liver injury.
NHS care worsened last year despite lessons from Stafford
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The quality of care in the NHS in England did not improve in 2012-13 despite widespread publicity about failings in the care of patients at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, England’s health and social care regulator has found.

The Care and Quality Commission carried out more than 35 000 inspections across the NHS and social care sector last year and found poor care in one in 10 inspections in hospitals and residential care homes.

The CQC’s annual report cites many examples of hospital patients’ concerns being ignored, patients not knowing what was happening, and relatives going hungry because they did not want to leave the patient’s side in case a doctor appeared.1

Inspectors had to step up their action against NHS services last year after finding that standards were not being met. The proportion of times inspectors had to take enforcement action more than doubled from 3% in 2011-12 to 6.5% in …
Diffuse FDG Renal Uptake in Lymphoma
Authors: Shaunak Navalkissoor, Teresa Szyszko, Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Thomas Nunan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

In patients presenting with acute renal failure and known/suspected lymphoma, the diagnosis of diffuse renal involvement is important, as there is potential for rapid resolution with chemotherapy. Although FDG is excreted through the kidneys and focal renal disease may be difficult to identify, diffuse renal FDG is more easily recognized and is always abnormal. We report a patient presenting with acute renal failure and suspected lymphoma. F-18 FDG PET/CT study demonstrated diffuse increased FDG uptake in bilaterally enlarged kidneys. Following 1 cycle of chemotherapy, the renal function normalized. An interim F-18 FDG PET/CT demonstrated normal size and FDG uptake within both kidneys.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies a novel missense mutation in EDAR causing autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with bilateral amastia and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis
Authors: A. Haghighi, P. Nikuei, H. Haghighi-Kakhki, N. Saleh-Gohari, S. Baghestani, P.M. Krawitz, J. Hecht, S. Mundlos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Appendix S1. Materials and methods Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Graft-Versus-Lymphoma Effect: Fact, Fiction, or Opportunity?
Authors: Michael R. Bishop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.05.984 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12963698 The Graft-Versus-Lymphoma Effect: Fact, Fiction, or Opportunity? Michael R. BishopxMichael R. BishopSearch for articles by this author Show More Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.05.984 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Effect of spinal microinjections of an antagonist to substance P or somatostatin on the exercise pressor reflex.
Authors: L B Wilson, P T Wall, K Matsukawa, J H Mitchell
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The purpose of this study was to determine the heart rate and arterial blood pressure changes to isometric skeletal muscle contraction and muscle stretch before and after microinjecting an antagonist to substance P (SP) or somatostatin (SOM) into the L-7 dorsal horn region of the spinal cord of anesthetized cats. Anesthesia was induced by administering an anesthetic gas mixture and was subsequently maintained with alpha-chloralose. Triceps surae contraction was induced by electrically stimulating the L-7 ventral root. Three muscle manipulations (all 1 minute in duration) were performed: 1) continuous tetanic contraction, 2) intermittent tetanic contractions (1 second of contraction, 1 second of relaxation), and 3) passive muscle stretch. Saline microinjections had no effect on the cardiovascular responses to these muscle manipulations. However, both peptide antagonists blunted the pressor response to a continuous tetanic contraction as mean arterial pressure increased 47 +/- 4 and 44 +/- 4 mm Hg before and 28 +/- 3 and 28 +/- 4 mm Hg after microinjecting the SP or SOM antagonist, respectively. In contrast, neither antagonist influenced the increase in mean arterial pressure produced by passive stretch; values were 43 +/- 6 versus 41 +/- 6 mm Hg (SP antagonist) and 39 +/- 7 versus 42 +/- 7 mm Hg (SOM antagonist) before and after injections, respectively. Microinjecting the SOM antagonist attenuated the pressor response to intermittent tetanic contractions (44 +/- 4 mm Hg before SOM antagonist versus 26 +/- 4 mm Hg after SOM antagonist), whereas the SP antagonist had no effect (35 +/- 3 mm Hg before SP antagonist versus 32 +/- 4 mm Hg after SP antagonist).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effect of Propranolol on Circulatory Adaptations to Volume and Pressure Loads
Authors: R. E. Gianelly, W. L. Henry, S. L. Cutler, D. C. Harrison
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Journal Article The Effect of Propranolol on Circulatory Adaptations to Volume and Pressure Loads Get access Ralph E. Gianelly, Ralph E. Gianelly From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter L. Henry, Walter L. Henry From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sherilyn L. Cutler, Sherilyn L. Cutler From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald C. Harrison Donald C. Harrison From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 2, Issue 2, April 1968, Pages 130–135, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/2.2.130 Published: 01 April 1968 Article history Received: 30 June 1967 Published: 01 April 1968
73 KR ÜPPEL LIKE FACTOR 6 (KLF6) PROTECTS FROM NAFLD PROGRESSION THROUGH REGULATION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE INSULIN RESISTANCE
Authors: M. Gaggini, E. Buzzigoli, S. Baldi, E. Bugianesi, C. Day, M. Walker, H. Reeves, A. Gastaldelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Deoxyribonucleic acid polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A-1-C-III gene cluster. Association with hypertriglyceridemia.
Authors: A Rees, J Stocks, C R Sharpe, M A Vella, C C Shoulders, J Katz, N I Jowett, F E Baralle, D J Galton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

A DNA sequence polymorphism, revealed by digestion of human DNA with the restriction endonuclease Sst-1 and hybridization with an apolipoprotein A-I complementary DNA clone, has been shown to be located in or close to the 3' noncoding region of the apolipoprotein C-III gene. This polymorphism is found in significantly increased prevalence (P less than 0.001) in Caucasian hypertriglyceridemic subjects compared with race-matched controls, and its distribution in normal individuals of differing racial origins is reported. Furthermore, no alteration of high density lipoprotein or apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein C-III phenotypes was observed in individuals with or without the polymorphism.
<i>bcl-x</i> Prevents Apoptotic Cell Death of Both Primitive and Definitive Erythrocytes at the End of Maturation
Authors: Noboru Motoyama, Tohru Kimura, Tomomi Takahashi, Takeshi Watanabe, Toru Nakano
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

bcl-x is a member of the bcl-2 gene family, which regulates apoptotic cell death in various cell lineages. There is circumstantial evidence suggesting that bcl-x might play a role in the apoptosis of erythroid lineage cells, although there is no direct evidence. In this study, we used Bcl-X null mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, and showed that Bcl-X is indispensable for the production of both embryonic primitive erythrocytes (EryP) and adult definitive erythrocytes (EryD) at the end of their maturation. In vivo, bcl-x−/− ES cells did not contribute to circulating EryD in adult chimeric mice that were produced by blastocyst microinjection of the bcl-x−/− ES cells. bcl-x−/− EryP and EryD were produced by in vitro differentiation induction of ES cells on macrophage colony-stimulating factor–deficient stromal cell line OP9, and further analysis was carried out. The emergence of immature EryP and EryD from bcl-x−/− ES cells was similar to that from bcl-x+/+ ES cells. However, prominent cell death of bcl-x−/− EryP and EryD occurred when the cells matured. The data show that the antiapoptotic function of bcl-x acts at the very end of erythroid maturation.