tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Statistical Tests in a Published Paper
Authors: JOHN F. WARNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1983Statistical Tests in a Published PaperJOHN F. WARNER, M.D.JOHN F. WARNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-416_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Meyers and associates (1) claimed a significant reduction in the incidence of cytomegalovirus infections in bone marrow transplant recipients who received cytomegalovirus immune globulin (infections in 2 of 17 patients) when compared with controls who received no globulin (infections in 8 of 19 patients) provided these patients received no prophylactic granulocyte transfusions. The authors note that analysis of the data by Fisher's exact test yielded a p value of 0.05. However, this is the value of only one tail of the test (one tail, p = 0.047; two tails, p = 0.094).Also, none...References1. MEYERSLESCZYZNSKIZAIA JJJ. Prevention of cytomegalovirus infection by cytomegalovirus immune globulin after marrow transplantation. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:442-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KARCHMERARCHERDISMUKES AGW. Staphylococcus epidermidis causing prosthetic valve endocarditis: microbiologic and clinical observations as guides to therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:447-55. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA 23507 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3Page: 416-417KeywordsBone marrowCytomegalovirus infectionGlobulinsGranulocytes Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
By Any Other Name?
Authors: Victor T. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Since I entered medical school 3 1/2 years ago, my teachers have tended to address me as  Wilson. This puzzles me since I hold no doctoral degree. During the past two years it has come to bother me a great deal and here's why.  When a physician addresses medical students as Doctor, the students are often flattered. They feel that the physician must think highly of them to address them as colleagues. As such, addressing students as Doctor is a part of the professionalization all medical students go through, the process of learning to act like a doctor.  However, addressing medical students as Doctor in front of patients or other health care personnel is misleading and could even be dangerous, especially in hospitals or clinics where medical students are not usually present. A nurse who thinks a medical student is a physician by virtue of the title Doctor used
Abstract A56: Role of p63 in cell cycle progression in epidermis and in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dario Antonini, Monia T. Russo, Caterina Missero
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Genomic amplification and/or overexpression of the p63 gene are one of the most frequently observed abnormalities in human cutaneous and noncutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), however, in spite of several studies in genetically engineered mouse models and in human tumors, the contribution of p63 in SCC development is still controversial. As a member of the p53 family, p63 can bind to the canonical p53-binding site, transactivating or repressing a subset of p53 or p73 target genes in vivo, while it also affects a subset of specific target genes. In contrast to p53, p63, and more specifically its DeltaNp63 alpha isoform, has a tissue-restricted pattern of expression in stratified epithelia and its impact on tumorigenesis is likely to be tumor-specific as well. Here we present data indicating that p63 is required for proliferation and G1 progression in a p53 independent manner in mouse primary keratinocyte, as well as in mouse embryonic epidermis. In addition we identified a number of p63 early target genes that are involved in cell cycle progression and in DNA replication. Among direct p63 targets we identified members of a specific microRNA (miRNA) family that are highly expressed in the epidermis. p63 binds to their genomic regulatory regions thereby directly repressing their expression. Overexpression of these specific miRNA arrests cell proliferation, whereas specific anti-miRNA expression substantially rescues the cell proliferation defect in p63 ablated keratinocytes. We propose that control of this specific miRNA family by p63 may play a role in sustaining cell proliferation in SCC development. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A56.
The philosophy of Hughlings Jackson
Authors: G. K York, D. A Steinberg
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

The work of John Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911) has attracted considerable attention among historians and philosophers of science because it set a conceptual framework for scientific neurology. In this paper we examine the notion, espoused by some modern writers, that his scientific work was motivated by a deep interest in metaphysics. There are two elements in the story—a youthful crisis of intention, and an alleged mature interest in formal metaphysical speculation. We use the term metaphysics to describe the extrapolation of a scientific theory beyond the phenomena it is intended to explain1. For example, Herbert Spencer's extension of evolutionary principles beyond biology into all manner of social and political realms is a form of metaphysical speculation. On this view of metaphysics, we argue, Hughlings Jackson's personal intentions were not at all metaphysical.
Calcium-dependent fluxes of potassium-42 and chloride-36 during norepinephrine activation of rat aorta.
Authors: J M Smith, A W Jones
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

This study was designed to determine whether alpha-receptor-stimulated monovalent ionic fluxes in rat aorta required calcium, and, if so, whether both extracellular calcium and cellularly stored calcium are active. Calcium removal in the presence of 10 mM magnesium (to maintain membrane stability) inhibited the norepinephrine-stimulated increase in potassium-42 and chloride-36 efflux. However, the norepinephrine-stimulated increase in sodium-24 influx was relatively resistant to calcium depletion. Protocols were designed to measure the time course for the changes in potassium-42 efflux and contraction when calcium was removed or replaced in the presence of norepinephrine. The dose-dependent effect of a calcium antagonist (diltiazem) was also measured. A close correlation (r = 0.94) was found between inhibition of contraction and potassium-42 effluxes which followed the regression: % potassium-42 response = 1.0 X (% contraction) + 1.8%). The slope of 1.0 and intercept near zero suggests the hypothesis that norepinephrine-stimulated potassium-42 efflux and contraction are codependent on cellular calcium concentration. This co-dependence held for short phasic responses (approximately 1 minute), as well as longer tonic responses (greater than or equal to 5 minutes). It appears that calcium-dependent potassium-42 effluxes can be supported by both the influx of extracellular calcium and release of cellular stores. It is concluded that calcium-dependent potassium channels (and possibly chloride channels) are operative in rat aorta and are an important component of the graded membrane response to norepinephrine. The sodium channels, however, do not appear to share this same calcium dependency.
Clec12a Is an Inhibitory Receptor for Uric Acid Crystals that Regulates Inflammation in Response to Cell Death
Authors: Konstantin Neumann, Mercedes Castiñeiras-Vilariño, Ulrike Höckendorf, Nicole Hannesschläger, Simone Lemeer, Danny Kupka, Svenia Meyermann, Maciej Lech, Hans-Joachim Anders, Bernhard Kuster, Dirk H. Busch, Andreas Gewies, Ronald Naumann, Olaf Groß, Jürgen Ruland
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Pathways of differentiation of airway epithelial cells.
Authors: P Nettesheim, A M Jetten, Y Inayama, A R Brody, M A George, L B Gilmore, T Gray, G E Hook
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The question being examined is whether one or more morphologically distinct cell types can be identified in the conducting airways of adult rabbits possessing stem cell functions. The term "stem cell" is used to denote cells with extensive self-replicating potential and the ability to produce differentiated progeny. According to various models of cell renewal in the conducting airways that have been proposed over the years, two different cell types have to be regarded as primary candidates for the stem cell: basal cells and some type of secretory cells. The question is complicated by the fact that significant differences exist between species in the distribution and morphological characteristics of airway cell types. In addition, different airway segments may or may not be occupied by different populations of stem cells. Previously, investigators have addressed the problem by studying normal cell regeneration or injury induced cell regeneration in vivo in the whole animal. We decided to attempt a different approach, namely, to separate specific cell types and to study the proliferation and differentiation capacity of such cell isolates using in vitro and in vivo cell culture techniques. Our studies lead us to conclude that the conducting airways of adult rabbits contain at least two distinct cell populations endowed with stem cell potential, namely basal cells and bronchiolar Clara cells. From that it follows that the trachea and bronchi, on one hand, and the bronchioles, on the other hand, are occupied by two different stem cell populations governing renewal of the epithelial lining.
Plasminogen Is Not Required for Neointima Formation in a Mouse Model of Vein Graft Stenosis
Authors: Chengwei Shi, Anand Patel, Dorothy Zhang, Hong Wang, Peter Carmeliet, Guy L. Reed, Mu-En Lee, Edgar Haber, Nicholas E. S. Sibinga
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Recent studies of mice that lack plasminogen have identified a critical role for this zymogen in arterial remodeling. To permit the use of these (and other) genetically modified mice in the analysis of venous injury, we developed a model in which a patch cut from the external jugular vein of a mouse is grafted to repair a surgically created defect in its carotid artery. In wild-type mice, the venous graft showed initial endothelial denudation and formation of a neointima that progressively and reproducibly expanded in a manner analogous to human vein graft disease, albeit at an accelerated pace. This neointima occupied 37±4.6% of the vessel lumen at day 7 and 66±5.7% at day 20. The proliferative index of neointimal cells assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining was 50.6±3.6% at day 7 and 15.2±2.0% at day 20. CD45-positive leukocytes and α-actin–positive smooth muscle cells accounted for 9.5±1.0% and 9.9±1.1% of intimal area at day 7, respectively, with the latter increasing to 40.9±2.6% at day 20. Collagen accounted for 6.8±0.7% of intimal area at day 7 and 20.7±1.8% at day 20. Surprisingly, even though arterial neointima formation due to electrostatic and immune-mediated injury is impaired in plasminogen –/– mice, in our study vein graft neointima formation in these mice was not significantly different from that in controls (70.9±6.4 versus 65.6±4.4% luminal occlusion, P =NS). Thus, plasmin proteolysis, although critical in extracellular matrix degradation and cellular migration after arterial injury, does not appear to be so important in vein graft neointima formation, perhaps because of the relative lack of structural barriers to cellular migration in the normal vein wall. This novel model of vein graft injury should be useful for further studies of differences in the response to injury of arterial and venous tissues.
Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage Detected by RBC Scintigraphy
Authors: BENNETT B. CHIN, BA D. NGUYEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 78-year-old woman with hypotension and syncope was referred for Tc-99m labeled RBC scintigraphy for possible gastrointestinal bleeding. Scintigraphy showed slow, progressive accumulation at the periphery of the large photopenic region in the left abdomen. There is no peristalsis of activity. This case illustrates the findings of extraluminal intra-abdominal bleeding by RBC scintigraphy.
A Double-Blind Study of Antiemetic Therapy
Authors: Phillip S. Marcus
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> No data are presented as to the severity and duration of nausea or vomiting prior to therapy. Moreover, the total number of patients for each drug is certainly below that which would permit drawing conclusions in a study of so elusive a problem as nausea and vomiting. In the article it is stated, "The difference between the prochlorperazine and placebo groups is so large that a slight increase in sample size might make it significant at the 5% level." This statement perhaps should have been followed by "provided there would be no fewer good responses in the additional group." Finally, although the results obtained with each active compound are compared statistically to those seen with placebo, no statistical comparison between the two active agents is offered.
Enhanced detection of distinguishing features in signal-averaged electrocardiograms from patients with ventricular tachycardia by combined spatial and spectral analyses of entire cardiac cycle.
Authors: N G Kavesh, M E Cain, H D Ambos, R M Arthur
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Signals generated by myocardium responsible for ventricular tachycardia (VT) contribute to the entire QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave and are spatially distributed over the entire torso. However, current methods of signal-averaged ECG analysis restrict interrogation to the terminal QRS complex, do not include data on the body surface distributions of the distinguishing features detected, and have a limited clinical value because of a low positive predictive accuracy. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that frequency analysis of the entire cardiac cycle of spatially selected ECGs based on isoharmonic maps of the body surface enhance the detection of the unique spectral features in signal-averaged ECGs that differentiate patients with from those without VT. METHODS AND RESULTS Isoharmonic maps of the body surface were calculated during sinus rhythm with the use of forward problem solutions for 32 patients with sustained VT, 30 without VT, and 10 healthy subjects and analyzed over a bandwidth of 0.05 to 470 Hz. Spectra of ECGs at the maximum and minimum of each patient's isoharmonic map of 1 to 7 Hz demonstrated a broadened bandwidth of significant separation (P &lt; .05) for patients with from those without VT compared with the separation achieved with the use of Frank ECGs alone. Furthermore, the statistical significance within the bands of separation was greater for spatially selected ECGs compared with the Frank leads. Frank leads separated patients over the band from 11 to 84 Hz with a mean value of P = .0094. ECGs at the maximum of 1-to-7-Hz isoharmonic maps separated patients over the 8-to-111-Hz band with a mean value of P = .0062 (range, P &lt; .05 to P &lt; .0000001). ECGs at the minimum of 1-to-7-Hz isoharmonic maps extended the low-frequency end of the band of separation, which covered 0 to 69 Hz with a mean value of P = .0039 (range, P &lt; .05 to P &lt; .0000001). Subgroup analysis verified that results were independent of QRS duration. CONCLUSIONS Spectral analysis of ECGs that are spatially selected for each patient is superior to orthogonal ECGs and augments detection of distinguishing features in ECGs that identify risk of VT. The new data acquired from analysis of spatially selected ECGs from individual patients provide the information on the specific frequency bands and an improved ECG-lead system required to refine methods of analysis of the signal-averaged ECG.
The antimicrobial protein short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is differentially modulated in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Yi Wei, Wentong Xia, Xingling Ye, Yunping Fan, Jianbo Shi, Weiping Wen, Pingchang Yang, Huabin Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Cyanoacrylate Nail Glue Mistaken for Eye Drops
Authors: Patrick A. DeRespinis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  During the past 3 years, I cared for eight patients who put cyanoacrylate glue in their eyes accidentally. Of these patients, three admitted to mistaking nail glue for prescribed eye drops. The injuries were usually corneal abrasions, loss of lashes, eyelid skin excoriation, or conjunctival inflammation.  Many bottles used for nail glue appear identical to those used for ophthalmic solutions (Figure). The use of artificial nails has attained increased popularity in the last few years. Many do-it-yourself kits contain these plastic bottles. Poorly sighted individuals, careless persons, and children run the greatest risk of mistaking these dispensers for eye medications. These bottles often are stored in medicine cabinets alongside medications.  Judging from the published literature, it is apparent that label warnings are inadequate in preventing eye injury. 1,2 The people who use eye drops most often, such as glaucoma patients and contact lens wearers, are those most
NT-11 * TARGETING INTERSTITIAL FLUID PRESSURE TO REDUCE TUMOR GROWTH AND INCREASE DRUG UPTAKE IN BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: S. Ilkhanizadeh, Y. Miroshnikova, A. Frantz, D. James, M. Berger, T. McKnight, V. Weaver, W. Weiss, A. Persson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

High interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) represents a barrier for drug uptake in human GBM, the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Increased IFP is due to leakiness of blood vessels and reduced drainage of fluid. This accumulation of fluid and high cell density compresses tumor tissue and promotes swelling of tumor cells. Although studies have clarified the role of tumor vasculature, it is still unclear if elevated IFP and swelling of cancer cells regulates tumor growth and drug uptake. Inhibition of NKCC1 (Na-K-Cl cotransporter) activity with bumetanide renders glioma cells unable to restore cell volume following osmotic challenges, blocks invasion in GBM xenografts, and augments temozolomide-mediated apoptosis in vitro. However, concerns about side-effects following bumetanide treatment warrants development of new approaches. Our preliminary data show that induction of antisecretory factor (AF), a regulator of fluid secretion, inhibited phosphorylation of NKCC1 in intracranial xenografts of human primary GBMs. Since AF therapy is safe in patients and lowers IFP in experimental models of solid tumors, we hypothesize that AF induction lowers IFP levels and increases drug uptake in xenografted GBMs. We have established novel methodology to study IFP in GBMs intracranially grafted into mice and the effects of compression in 3D-cultures. Our preliminary data show that elevated IFP and compression promotes tumor growth of GBMs. Our data suggest that AF induction lowers IFP levels by blocking restoration of cell volume and increases uptake of chemotherapy. Surprisingly, we found that AF induction alone reduced tumor growth and extended the survival of transplanted mice. Our work establish a role for IFP and cell swelling as potential therapeutic targets in GBMs and other solid cancers. As a novel pressure-reducing therapy, AF-induction represents an attractive strategy to reduce tumor growth, increase drug uptake, and improve survival in brain tumor patients.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria terminating in TdT‐positive acute leukemia
Authors: Jun'Ichi Katahira, Masako Aoyama, Kazuo Oshimi, Hideaki Mizoguchi, Michiko Okada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract A case of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) which developed terminal transfer‐ase (TdT)‐positive leukemia 5 years after the diagnosis of PNH was studied. Most of the leu‐kemic cells were suggestively lymphoid by cytochemistry and electron microscopy, and TdT‐positive by immunofluorescence studies. The development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia during the course of PNH suggests that in PNH the clonal abnormality may involve lymphoid cells as well as myeloid cells, thus raising the possibility of the disease being a disorder of the pluripotential stem cell.
Impact of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy on a Secondary Prevention Population
Authors: Ankit Rathod, Apurva Badheka, Abhishek Deshmukh
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Watchful Waiting vs Immediate Transurethral Resection for Symptomatic Prostatism
Authors: Michael J. Barry
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The rate of resection for benign prostatic hypertrophy shows considerable variability among small geographic areas. To help inform the decision to recommend prostatectomy to men with prostatism without signs of chronic retention, we performed a decision analysis to compare the expected outcomes with immediate transurethral resection and watchful waiting. Data used in the model originated from the medical literature, Medicare claims data, and patient interview studies. In our base-case analysis for 70-year-old men, immediate surgery resulted in the loss of 1.01 months of life expectancy, but when adjustments were made for quality of life, immediate surgery was favored with a net utility benefit of 2.94 quality-adjusted life-months. However, the analysis was particularly sensitive to the degree of disutility attributed to the index symptoms of prostatism. We conclude that patient preferences should be the dominant factor in the decision whether to recommend prostatectomy.
Acute Ischemia of a Limb Complicating Methysergide Maleate Therapy
Authors: Alvin L. Ureles, Charles Rob
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE BENEFICIAL effect of methysergide maleate (Sansert) in the prophylactic treatment of vasodilating headaches has been well documented.<sup>1-6</sup>Side effects have been noted which in certain instances may preclude continuation of therapy. These include nausea, dizziness, weakness, nervousness, dreamy state, skin rash, diarrhea, and flushing. Acute ischemia of a limb, although rare, appears to be a complication worthy of special note. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 36-yr-old married man was admitted to the Strong Memorial Hospital on Sept 16, 1962. For 2 weeks he had complained of coldness of the left foot and of pain in the left foot and calf when walking. He had been in excellent health except for recurrent right-sided headaches since 1945. These were characterized by sudden onset, nausea, photophobia, and occasional rhinorrhea. The symptoms would last several hours, occur daily for weeks, and then abruptly terminate for several months. Within recent years his attacks,