tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The comparison between individual 2D modelling and experimental data in squat jumps
Authors: G Cimadoro, N Babault, G Alberti, J Van Hoecke, A E Minetti
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Intra-individual simulation needs accurate data about actuators (muscles) and force transmission (bones, joints) for obtaining accurate predictions. That work preludes to a more comprehensive 2D jump simulator, dealing with the estimation of squat jump parameters based on maximum torque measurements. An individual male athlete was investigated. The maximum torque (T, Nm) of hip, knee and ankle joints extensor muscles was measured by a dynamometer (Quickset 4, Biodex Medical System In., US) at different angles (φ, deg) and at different positive and negative angular speed (ω, deg/s). After correcting the positional data for real bone alignment (Tsaopoulos et al. 2011), a suitable equation describing the 3D surface (T vsφ vs ω) of each muscle group. The subject was also tested for vertical ground reaction force and kinematics during maximal squat jumps and during 1RM ‘half back squat', starting at 90° knee angle. The predicted outcomes were obtained by a software simulation of squat jump (Working Model 2D, Knowledge Revolution, US) where the model included anthropometric and inertial characteristics of body segments according to Chandler (1975), with a delay among actuators following Pandy et al (1991). Simulation versus experimental data showed that the model accurately reproduces: a) half back squat 1RM (1374 vs 1422–1511 N range), and b) maximal squat jump (peak force of 2009 vs 1580–1965 N range, toe-off speed of 2.17 vs 2.12 m/s, jump height 0.23 vs 0.23 m, respectively). The model was further tested by allowing different start angles of the jump. As expected, results showed a decrease of the toe-off speed as the knee angle increases. A more comprehensive model including the effect of elastic structures in the limbs (tendons, foot arch, etc) and measured anthropometric values will provide more accuracy. From the comparison between detailed model outcomes and subject performance, the effects of a given athlete conditioning strategy will be tested.
Hyper-IgM Syndrome Due to CD40 Deficiency: Report of 10 Patients
Authors: B.K. Al Saud, Z. Al-Sum, A. Al-Ghonaium, S. Al-Muhsen, H. Al-Dhekri, R. Arnaout, H. Al-Mousa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
On Doctoring: Stories, Poems, Essays
Authors: Christian Meuli
Journal: JAMA (1996)

This revised and expanded edition of<i>On Doctoring</i>is a delightful collection of stories, poems, and essays about the practice of medicine. In this age of increasingly rapid change in the business of American medicine, this anthology of some of the best writings about daily practice is truly refreshing. The new edition adds insights from a score of writers to enliven an already remarkable array of medical writings. The authors span a diversity of cultural backgrounds and several generations of medical practice. They hold in common the ideals of a helping profession and its service to humanity. They explore the intricacies of the doctor-patient relationship and the art of healing that welds science to humanity. As practitioners, we are often so busy that we don't take the time to reflect upon our profession and the effect we have on our patients and others around us, much less upon how this
Efficacy of tacrine and lecithin in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: double blind trial
Authors: N Maltby, G A Broe, H Creasey, A F Jorm, H Christensen, W S Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the efficacy of tacrine and lecithin in treating Alzheimer9s disease over nine months. <b>Design</b>: Double blind randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b>: Outpatients clinic of university department of geriatric medicine. <b>Subjects</b>: 53 subjects (26 women, 27 men) with probable Alzheimer9s disease. 41 completed the dose finding phase and were randomised to treatment. 32 (14 tacrine, 18 placebo) completed nine months9 treatment. <b>Interventions</b>: Lecithin and tacrine or lecithin and placebo for 36 weeks. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Scores on neuropsychological tests sensitive to deficits in the cholinergic system; mini-mental state score; behaviour change; mood; functional state; and stress in carers. Results - The tacrine and placebo groups were similar except that the tacrine group had a longer duration of disease (mean 5.4 v 2.5 years in placebo group; P=0.003). Only 17 of the 32 patients could tolerate the maximum dose of tacrine (100 mg). No significant difference was found between the groups for any of the tests after nine months9 treatment except for the digit backwards test, which is insensitive to cholinergic deficit. Analysis of subjects taking the maximum dose of tacrine and of subjects with mild dementia also found no differences. <b>Conclusions</b>: Tacrine produces no clinically relevant improvement over 36 weeks at the doses tolerated by these patients.
Effect of aspirin on gastric secretion
Authors: A. Lynch, H. Shaw, G. W. Milton
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This paper provides evidence by animal work of a direct toxic action of aspirin on gastric epithelium whether the contact with the drug is from the lumen or from the circulation.It has been known for many years that ingestion of aspirin is frequently followed by damage to the gastric mucosa.Douthwaite and Lintott (1938) and Weiss, Pitman, and Graham (1961) have observed gastroscopically haemorrhagic erosions in the stomach after administration of aspirin.The effect of aspirin on the stomach of experimental animals has been documented in a large volume of literature from 1909 when Chistoni and Lapresa noted hyperaemia and ulceration in the stomach of dogs and rabbits after oral administration of aspirin.Dodd, Minot, and Arena (1937), Barbour and Dickerson (1938), and Busacchi (1938) have all made similar observations in dogs, rats, and mice using aspirin, sodium salicylate, or methyl salicylate, given either orally or intravenously.The mechanism by which aspirin damages the stomach is not known.The overall impression from the literature is that aspirin produces its gastric effects by increasing acidity.The evidence for this is not very strong, in either man or animals.Publica- tions discussing this point may be roughly divided into three groups, although several papers overlap into more than one group.Group 1 comprises those reports describing a raised gastric acidity after the administration of aspirin or of salicylate, group 2 those noting no change in acidity, and group 3 depression of gastric acid after aspirin.Reports in group 1 are those of Leichtentritt (
An Address on Professional Careers
Authors: H. Rolleston
Journal: BMJ (1926)

YOUR presence here to-day proves that yvoui have eiitered on-a p)ofession with a choice of fields of activity probably uniequalled in any other, anid presentinig great contrasts in the circumstances alnd positions of its miembers.To take up the wronig branch, to be a misfit, may be a tragedy, aind it is therefore essential to consider carefully this miomentous decision.Some of you may lhave already settled on your
777 THE ABCS OF VIRAL HEPATITIS - DEFINING BIOMARKER SIGNATURES FOR ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS
Authors: D. Duffy, R. Saleh, M. Laird, L. Le Fouler, M. El-Daly, A. Casrouge, J. Decalf, N. Sharaf Eldin, M. Abdel Hamid, M.K. Mohamed, M. Rafik, A. Fontanet, M. Albert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Vege and Mar: Two Novel hAT MITE Families from Drosophila willistoni
Authors: A. J. Holyoake
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Two novel families of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs), Vege and Mar, are described from Drosophila willistoni. Based on their structures, both element families are hypothesized to belong to the hAT superfamily of transposable elements. Both elements have perfect, inverted terminal repeats and 8-bp target site duplications and were found to have inserted within fixed copies of nonautonomous P elements. Vege is present in all studied D. willistoni populations and appears to have a relatively low copy number. Mar was identified in only a single D. willistoni population, and its copy number is presently unknown. Although MITEs occupy relatively large proportions of the genomes of a broad range of organisms, this may be their first unambiguous identification in any species of the genus Drosophila.
The Purpose of Survival: Is It Cognitive Development?
Authors: Barbara Staub
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  I have no quarrel with the conclusions drawn by Chervenak and McCullough.1I disagree strongly, however, with some of the assertions they made along the way.  A major premise is that the fetus will require intelligence to be valued as a human being. I take strong exception to their reference to survival that confers no or only very little benefit, because it is very probable that the purpose of survival, cognitive development, is not achievable.  Are we to understand that cognitive development is the purpose of survival?  As mother of a son who was born normal, but achieved no developmental milestones, and indeed lost some, I find that assertion troubling. While he lived, our son was as entitled to life— and to society's protection—as anyone else. If anything, he needed more protection, because he was unable to defend himself. In his life he knew love, and
DANGEROUS HEMORRHAGE AFTER REMOVAL OF ENLARGED TONSILS AND ADENOIDS WITH THE REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: A. C. GETCHELL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

April 30, 1901, at 5 p.m., I operated, at the Worcester City Hospital, upon Josephine H., a child of 5 years, removing large tonsils and an adenoid growth. The operation was done under ether anesthesia, which at no time was profound, but, on the other hand, just enough was given to keep her beyond the border line of consciousness. The tonsils were removed first and when the hemorrhage, which was rather profuse, but not alarming, had ceased the adenoid growth was removed. The tonsils were removed with a guillotine and the adenoid with forceps and curette. The bleeding promptly stopped, the recovery from the anesthesia was satisfactory and I left the hospital with a sense of relief that an operation that had caused me some anxiety was successfully completed. At 7 o'clock I received an urgent call to come to the hospital. Much nausea had followed the ether, and previous
Offering the opportunity for family to be present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 1-year assessment
Authors: Patricia Jabre, Karim Tazarourte, Elie Azoulay, Stephen W. Borron, Vanessa Belpomme, Line Jacob, Lionel Bertrand, Frederic Lapostolle, Xavier Combes, Michel Galinski, Virginie Pinaud, Carla Destefano, Domitille Normand, Alexandra Beltramini, Nathalie Assez, Benoit Vivien, Eric Vicaut, Frederic Adnet
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
THE USE OF AN EXTRACT AND DECOCTION OF THE COMMON STINGING NETTLE IN SOME CHRONIC SKIN DISEASES
Authors: J. Bullar
Journal: BMJ (1854)

Tim history of medicine supplies no grouDds for the con- temptuous rejection of the virtues of common indigenous plants because their promulgators are the poor and the gorant, but the contrary; as it is well known that the knowledge of some of our most useful medicines has been owing not to scientific reaioning and experiment, but to a tradition of their efficacy handed down from an unknown source, and through ages darker in science, by those care- fll guardians of such traditions-the common people.In- deed, he who is desirous that his medical brethren should place in their materia medica an indigenous plant not yet raised to pharmaceutical dignity, can have no surer claim for credence than his total disclaimer of its original dis- covery, and the acknowledgment that no acuteness, reflec- tion, no physiological, pathological, or therapeutical know- ledge of his own, are his grounds for belief, but simply that
Flip flop policy over pioglitazone licence causes media storm in India
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

India’s ministry of health and family welfare has revoked the ban that it placed on the antidiabetes drug pioglitazone just six weeks ago because of the drug’s association with bladder cancer.1

The Drug Technical Advisory Board, through the Gazette of India , recommended revoking the ban after reviewing the evidence, and imposed various conditions for the use of pioglitazone.2 It recommends, for example, that pioglitazone should not be used as a first line treatment for diabetes.

The ban and the subsequent reversal of the policy have caused a media storm in India, …
Computer Networks as a Medical Resource
Authors: Joel W. Goldwein
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The excellent article by Dr Glowniak and Ms Bushway<sup>1</sup>was both timely and informative. First, we would like to emphasize the fact that several local World Wide Web (WWW) clients (Mosaic from the National Center for Supercomputing Applications and Cello from Cornell, among others) are available for multiple personal computer (PC) types (Macintosh, PC with Windows, and X Windows). While these do have audio and graphics capabilities requiring "substantial memory on the local system and high-speed communication links," these requirements are becoming commonplace. The use of this software makes navigating the Internet both easy and rewarding, and is not impeded by today's technology. Second, we would like to make you aware of our own medical WWW multimedia server called OncoLink (URL=<b>http://cancer.med.upenn.edu</b>or gopher<b>cancer.med.upenn. edu 80</b>). OncoLink has been operational since March 7,1994, and is being constructed with up-to-date multimedia cancer information for health care
Occupational asthma due to different spices
Authors: J. Sastre, M. Olmo, A. Novalvos, D. Ibañez, C. Lahoz
Journal: Allergy (1996)

We describe a 27–year‐old subject who developed rhinitis and asthma symptoms 1 year after starting to prepare a certain kind of sausage. He was previously diagnosed as having allergy to coconut, banana, and kiwi and allergic rhinitis to horse, cat, dog, and cow. A positive immediate skin prick test (SPT) for paprika (dry powder of Capsicum annuum [Solanaceae]), coriander ( Coriandrum sutivum [umbelliferous]), and mace (shell of nutmeg, Myristica fragrans [Myristicaceae]) at a concentration of 10% (w/v) was obtained. SPT with other sausage ingredients, mites, pollens, and molds were negative. By ELISA, specific IgE antibodies to paprika, coriander, and mace were demonstrated. By ELISA‐inhibition assays, a partial cross‐reactivity was found among IgE‐binding components from paprika and mace. The immunoblot analysis showed two IgE‐reactive protein bands able to bind to IgE from mace of 20 and 40 kDa and two other bands from coriander extract of 50 and 56 kDa. No bands were detected from paprika extract. Specific bronchial inhalation challenges showed an immediate asthmatic reaction to extracts from paprika, coriander, and mace with a maximum fall in FEV, of 26%, 40%, and 31%, respectively, with no late asthmatic reactions. In summary, we demonstrate that inhalation of dust from paprika, coriander, and mace can result in an IgE‐mediated reaction to these spices. In this patient, occupational asthma was due to spices from botanically unrelated species.
Position of patient and respiratory function in immediate postoperative period.
Authors: J L Benumof
Journal: BMJ (1982)

injury to the liver follows repeated halothane anaesthesia with a frequency as high as 20-400o of patients.The latter would be in keeping with repeated and cumulative direct hepatic damage alone or in combination with hapten formation from free radicals as a basis for hypersensitivity response.In both mech- anisms reductive metabolism of halothane probably plays a central role.We must now ask: What are the keys that predispose a very small number of individuals to develop severe liver injury ?Our recent studies point to pharmacogenetics as one of the keys.Thus "halothane hepatitis" may now more appro- priately be regarded as having a multifactorial aetiology as proposed in 19792 and recently discussed in editorials on both sides of the Atlantic.67This is in contrast to a prevailing tendency for investigators to seek "the cause," with a sharp division between the proponents of "direct toxicity" and the advocates of "hypersensitivity" (allergy).
von Willebrand protein facilitates platelet incorporation in polymerizing fibrin.
Authors: J Loscalzo, A Inbal, R I Handin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

von Willebrand protein was found to promote the incorporation of platelets into evolving fibrin thrombi. Using formalin-treated or fresh platelets, both the initial rate and extent of platelet incorporation into polymerizing fibrin were dependent on von Willebrand protein. von Willebrand protein was incorporated into evolving fibrin thrombi in parallel with platelets. Soluble fibrin monomer covalently linked to acrylonitrile beads (Matrex 102) bound von Willebrand protein specifically and saturably with an apparent approximate dissociation constant (KD) of 15 micrograms/ml. Glycocalicin, the water-soluble proteolytic fragment of glycoprotein Ib, bound to fibrin monomer in this system specifically and saturably, as well, with an apparent approximate KD of 5 micrograms/ml, but only in the presence of saturating concentrations of von Willebrand protein. These data demonstrate that the initial rate and extent of platelet incorporation into evolving fibrin thrombi are dependent on von Willebrand protein; von Willebrand protein serves as a link between polymerizing fibrin and platelet surface glycoprotein Ib; and von Willebrand protein binds to fibrin monomer and is thereby able to bind to platelet surface glycoprotein Ib in the absence of ristocetin.
Late preconditioning against myocardial stunning. An endogenous protective mechanism that confers resistance to postischemic dysfunction 24 h after brief ischemia in conscious pigs.
Authors: J Z Sun, X L Tang, A A Knowlton, S W Park, Y Qiu, R Bolli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Conscious pigs underwent a sequence of 10 2-min coronary occlusions, each separated by 2 min of reperfusion, for three consecutive days (days 1, 2, and 3 of stage I). The recovery of systolic wall thickening (WTh) after the 10th reperfusion was markedly improved on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1, indicating that the myocardium had become preconditioned against "stunning." 10 d after stage I, pigs underwent again a sequence of 10 2-min coronary occlusions for two consecutive days (days 1 and 2 of stage II). On day 1 of stage II, the recovery of WTh after the 10th reperfusion was similar to that noted on day 1 of stage I; on day 2 of stage II, however, the recovery of WTh was again markedly improved compared with day 1. Blockade of adenosine receptors with 8-p-sulfophenyl theophylline failed to prevent the development of preconditioning against stunning. Northern blot analysis demonstrated an increase in heat stress protein (HSP) 70 mRNA 2 h after the preconditioning ischemia; at this same time point, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a concentration of HSP70 in the nucleus and an overall increase in staining for HSP70. 24 h after the preconditioning ischemia, Western dot blot analysis demonstrated an increase in HSP70. This study indicates the existence of a new, previously unrecognized cardioprotective phenomenon. The results demonstrate that a brief ischemic stress induces a powerful, long-lasting (at least 48 h) adaptive response that renders the myocardium relatively resistant to stunning 24 h later (late preconditioning against stunning). This adaptive response disappears within 10 d after the last ischemic stress but can be reinduced by another ischemic stress. Unlike early and late preconditioning against infarction, late preconditioning against stunning is not blocked by adenosine receptor antagonists, and therefore appears to involve a mechanism different from that of other forms of preconditioning currently known. The increase in myocardial HSP70 is compatible with, but does not prove, a role of HSPs in the pathogenesis of this phenomenon.
800-6 Prognostic Value of Coronary Calcium Scores by Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT) in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Tzung Hsiai, Shaojung Wang, Robert Detrano, Matthew Budoff, James Fallavolita, Chris Wolfkiel, Paul Shields, William Stanford, Judd Reed
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The Green Gable Restaurant and Playhouse
Authors: John L. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1997)

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The Value of the Atrial Electrokymogram in the Diagnosis of Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: FELIX G. FLEISCHNER, WALTER H. ABELMANN, ROBERT BUKA
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The difficulty of correct clinical assessment of the functional state of the diseased mitral valve has prompted this re-evaluation of the atrial electrokymogram in 15 patients with rheumatic mitral disease. By means of a technic stressing careful placing of the pick-up device and recording from multiple locations along the left atrial border, a pattern characteristic of mitral regurgitation could be demonstrated. In general, the electrokymographic predictions correlated well with the operative findings.
A slippery slope
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Many writers have been doctors; some have been medical students who never qualified; yet others contemplated medicine as a career but chose otherwise. In the third group is Shusako Endo, a Japanese novelist. He chose to study French literature instead of medicine.

One of his most powerful novels is The Sea and Poison , about a young doctor in wartime Japan who, through being too weak to refuse, takes part in a murderous experiment on an American prisoner to find out how much of the lung can be cut away before death ensues.

The book was published in 1958, well before the scale of Japanese forced …