tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Summertime haze air pollution and children with asthma.
Authors: G D Thurston, M Lippmann, M B Scott, J M Fine
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

In order to investigate associations between summertime haze air pollution and asthma at an individual level, 52, 58, and 56 children (ages 7 to 13) attending a summer "asthma camp" were followed during the last week of June in 1991, 1992, and 1993, respectively. Most of the subjects had moderate to severe asthma. Daily records were kept of the environmental conditions, as well as of subject medication use, lung function, and medical symptoms. Air pollution was found to be significantly and consistently correlated with acute asthma exacerbations, chest symptoms, and lung function decrements. The pollutant most consistently associated with adverse health consequences was ozone (O3), although associations with sulfates and hydrogen ion suggest a possible role by fine particles as well. Effects were found to be roughly monotonic as a function of O3 concentration. Regression of morning (8:00 A.M.) to afternoon (5:00 P.M.) peak flow change on O3 indicated pulmonary function reductions similar to those previously reported for more active children without asthma. Moreover, analyses also indicated an increased risk of an asthma exacerbation and of experiencing chest symptoms of approximately 40% on the highest pollution day, relative to the mean. Based on these relative risk estimates, a rise in the 1-h daily maximal O3 from 84 ppb to 160 ppb was associated in this group with an increase from 20 to 28 (+/- 2) in the expected number of unscheduled medications administered/day, and from 29 to 41 (+/- 3) in the expected total number of chest symptoms/day. Thus, air pollution can be a major contributor to the respiratory problems experienced by children with asthma during the summer months.
Carbon Capture &amp; Storage: Blue-Sky Technology or Just Blowing Smoke?
Authors: Charles W. Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

ImagesT owering 650 feet over the sea surface and spouting an impressive burning flare, it would be easy to mistake the Sleipner West gas platform for an environmental nightmare.Its eight-story upper deck houses 200 workers and supports drilling equipment weighing 40,000 tons.Located off the Norwegian coast, it ranks among Europe's largest natural gas producers, delivering more than 12 billion cubic feet of the fuel annually to onshore terminals by pipeline.Roughly 9% of the natural gas extracted here is carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the main culprit behind global warming.But far from a nightmare, Sleipner West is actually a bellwether for environmental innovation.Since 1996, the plant's operators have stripped CO 2 out of the gas on-site and buried it 3,000 feet below the sea floor, where they anticipate it will remain for at least 10,000 years. CarbonCapture&Storage
Polymorphisms in IL13 pathway genes in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: B. Beghé, I. P. Hall, S. G. Parker, M. F. Moffatt, A. Wardlaw, M. J. Connolly, L. M. Fabbri, C. Ruse, I. Sayers
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic respiratory diseases involving an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Interleukin-13 (IL13) has been suggested to have a role in both asthma and COPD. We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL13 pathway may contribute to the susceptibility and severity of asthma and COPD in adults.Twelve SNPs in IL13 pathway genes -IL4, IL13, IL4RA, IL13RA1, IL13RA2 and STAT6- were genotyped in subjects with asthma (n = 299) and in subjects with COPD or healthy smokers (n = 992). Genetic association was evaluated using genotype and allele models for asthma severity, atopy phenotypes and COPD susceptibility. Linear regression was used to determine the effects of polymorphism on baseline lung function (FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC).In asthmatics, three IL13 SNPs - rs1881457(-1512), rs1800925(-1111) and rs20541(R130Q) - were associated with atopy risk. One SNP in IL4RA1 [rs1805010(I75V)] was associated with asthma severity, and several IL13 SNPs showed borderline significance. IL13 SNPs rs1881457(-1512) and rs1800925(-1111) were associated with better FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC in asthmatics. IL13 SNPs rs2066960(intron 1), rs20541(R130Q) and rs1295685(exon 4) were associated with COPD risk and lower baseline lung function in the recessive model. In females, but not in males, rs2250747 of the IL13RA1 gene was associated with COPD and lower FEV(1).These data suggest that IL13 SNPs (promoter and coding region) and, to a lesser extent, IL4RA SNPs may contribute to atopy and asthma. We also provide tentative evidence that IL13 SNPs in the coding region may be of significance in COPD susceptibility.
Childhood Obesity as a Chronic Disease
Authors: Erinn T. Rhodes, David S. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Angiographic Evaluation of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease and Its Role as a Prognostic Determinant for Major Amputation in Diabetic Subjects With Foot Ulcers
Authors: Ezio Faglia, Fabrizio Favales, Antonella Quarantiello, Patrizia Calia, Paratore Clelia, Giorgio Brambilla, Antonio Rampoldi, Alberto Morabito
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To evaluate in diabetic patients with foot ulcers the angiographic findings of peripheral occlusive arterial disease and their role as a prognostic determinant for major amputation.From 1993 to 1995, 104 diabetic inpatients with foot ulcers underwent arteriography on the ulcerated limb. Stenoses in the iliac trunk, the superficial femoral artery, the profunda femoral artery, the popliteal artery, the anterior tibial artery, the posterior tibial artery, and the peroneal artery were scored on the basis of vessel lumen reduction: 0 if stenoses involved a reduction in the vessel lumen of < 50%, 1 if stenoses involved 50 to < 75% reduction, 2 if stenoses involved 75 to < 100% reduction, and 3 if total occlusion was present. The sum of the points assigned to each of these arteries was called the angiographic score.Stenoses causing a vessel lumen reduction > or = 50% were detected in 103 patients (99%). Stenoses were also detected in subjects with palpable foot pulses, ankle-brachial indexes > or = 1, or transcutaneous oxygen tension > or = 50 mmHg. The risk of major amputation was increased significantly when total occlusion was present in the popliteal and infrapopliteal arteries (chi 2 for trend = 50.57, P < 0.001). No major amputation was carried out in patients with angiographic scores < 10; major amputation was carried out in all the patients with scores > 14. Multivariate analysis indicated a high angiographic score as an independent risk factor for major amputation (odds ratio 2.32, P = 0.001, CI 1.40-3.84).Angiography permits an exact detection of occlusive arterial disease in subjects with normal results for noninvasive vascular procedures. A score that has a relevant prognostic value for major amputation can be obtained from the evaluation of the extent and diffusion of the stenoses.
To friends who have passed away
Authors: Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)

Jean-Pierre Benhamou and Andres (Andy) T. Blei passed away in 2008. Jean-Pierre Benhamou was an old man who died after a life full of joys and achievements. He was one of the founders of European hepatology and inspired a number of individuals who, in turn, have created teams that have made French hepatology what it is today. His influence is everywhere, in France, in the Journal of Hepatology which he contributed to create with Dame Sheila Sherlock and others and of which he was an Editor-in-Chief, in EASL he inspired. The Jean-Pierre Benhamou State-of-the-Art Lecture in Clinical Hepatology acknowledges, during our Annual Meeting every year, our debt to Jean-Pierre Benhamou. He knew about it before dying and was proud and happy. Andy Blei was not old and could have continued to work with his friends and colleagues. Born in Argentina, trained in the US and Spain, working in Chicago, Andy Blei was a remarkable doctor and scientist, and an unforgettable Editor-in-Chief of Hepatology. We once called him “the most European of the Americans”. He was proud of it. Andy Blei was offered the first EASL International Recognition Award during the 2008 Annual Meeting. He was already very sick. For those who knew him before, it was heart-rending. The more than 3000 delegates who attended the ceremony will keep the memory of the emotion. Adrian Reuben said it all at the AASLD Award Ceremony which Andy unfortunately could not attend. We will not forget them.
Risks of gastrointestinal bleeding during secondary prevention of vascular events with aspirin--analysis of gastrointestinal bleeding during the UK-TIA trial.
Authors: J Slattery, C P Warlow, C J Shorrock, M J Langman
Journal: Gut (1995)

OBJECTIVES--To compare the operative thresholds and clinical management of men undergoing elective transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hypertrophy in the NHS and privately. DESIGN--Cohort study of patients recruited by 25 surgeons during 1988. SETTING--Hospitals in Oxford and North West Thames regions. PATIENTS--Of 400 consecutive patients, 129 were excluded because of open surgery (nine), lack of surgeons9 information (three), and emergency admission (117) and three failed to give information, leaving 268 patients, 214 NHS patients and 54 private patients. MAIN MEASURES--Sociodemographic factors, prevalence and severity of symptoms, comorbidity, general health (Nottingham health profile) obtained from patient questionnaire preoperatively and reasons for operating, and operative management obtained from surgeons perioperatively. RESULTS--NHS and private patients were similar in severity of symptoms and prevalence of urinary tract abnormalities. They differed in four respects: NHS patients9 general health was poorer as a consequence of more comorbid conditions (49, 23% v 7, 13% in severe category); the condition had a greater detrimental effect on their lives (36, 17% v 2, 4% severely affected; p &lt; 0.01); private patients received more personalised care more quickly and were investigated more before surgery, (29, 54% v 60, 20% receiving ultrasonography of the urinary tract); and NHS patients stayed in hospital longer (57, 27% v 3, 6% more than seven days; p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS--Private patients9 need for surgery, judged by symptom severity, was as great as that of NHS patients, and there was no evidence of different operative thresholds in the two sectors, but, judged by impact on lifestyle, NHS patients9 need was greater.
Bowel cancer survival rates vary across England
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Rates of survival from bowel cancer vary more than rates for breast and lung cancer indifferent regions of England, the latest regional cancer statistics show.

The Office for National Statistics figures included data on all adults who were given a diagnosis of cancer between 1994 and 1996 and who were followed up to the end of 2001. They included all the NHS regions in England apart from the North East, because a reorganisation of health areas had artificially skewed the figures in this region.

There was a 6% difference …
Fistula First, Stent Graft Second
Authors: Robert K. Kerlan, Jeanne M. LaBerge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A growing number of patients in the United States undergo efficient hemodialysis through autogenous arteriovenous fistulas or prosthetic arteriovenous grafts. Unfortunately, these vascular conduits are fraught with complications, and failing access remains the leading cause of hospitalization for patients undergoing dialysis.1 The superiority of autogenous arteriovenous fistulas as compared with prosthetic arteriovenous grafts is well established. Fistulas have a far lower risk of failure and a reduced requirement for revision as compared with prosthetic grafts. In 1997, the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative recommended a goal of arteriovenous fistula formation in 50% of all new patients undergoing . . .
Carrier detection in the hemophilias
Authors: D. P. Lillicrap, B. N. White, J. J. A. Holden, A. R. Giles
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract The subject of carrier detection in the hemophilias has received new impetus in the past several years. Treatment complications arising from clotting factor concentrates have become more evident and earlier prenatal diagnosis and new genetic markers for the clotting factor genes have focused interest on this area. Until now, carrier diagnosis has relied upon standard pedigree analysis and clotting factor assays. The results obtained using these methods are probabilistic, and the coagulation tests are unavoidably influenced by the effects of random X chromosome inactivation and the inherent variability of the methods involved. With the cloning and characterization of both factor IX and factor VIII genes, has come the capability of using gene analysis to diagnose the carrier state. This usually involves the detection of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and their use as linked markers for the defective clotting factor gene. In hemophilia A, the combined use of three intragenic RFLPs and two closely linked, highly polymorphic extragenic markers will make carrier information available to approximately 90% of kindred. In hemophilia B, phenotypic analysis has been complicated by the more heterogeneous expression of the gene defect. To date, five intragenic and one closely linked RFLP have been reported, as well as two protein polymorphisms detectable by monoclonal antibody immunoassays. With the combined use of these genetic markers it is likely that accurate carrier assignment will be available to more than 80% of hemophilia B families.
Identification of a peptide that interacts with Nestin protein expressed in brain cancer stem cells
Authors: Samuel Beck, Xun Jin, Jinlong Yin, Sung-Hak Kim, Nam-Kyung Lee, Se-Yeong Oh, Xiong Jin, Min-Kook Kim, Eun-Bae Kim, Jee-Soo Son, Sung-Chan Kim, Do-Hyun Nam, Se-Hyuk Kim, Sang-Kee Kang, Hyunggee Kim, Yun-Jaie Choi
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Stellate fibrin-fibronectin microclot formation from keratinocytes and fibroblasts stimulated by plasma from patients with psoriasis
Authors: L. JUHLIN, B.A. BERNARD, C. DALBIEZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Stellate fibrin‐fibronectin microclot formation from keratinocytes and fibroblasts stimulated by plasma from patients with psoriasis Get access L. JUHLIN, L. JUHLIN Department of Dermatology, University Hospital S75185 Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.A. BERNARD, B.A. BERNARD Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. DALBIEZ C. DALBIEZ Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 3, 1 March 1985, Pages 271–276, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb04853.x Published: 01 March 1985 Article history Accepted: 28 July 1984 Published: 01 March 1985
Up to a third of schoolchildren in some parts of England may already have had swine flu
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Up to a fifth of school age children in England may have been infected with the swine flu virus in the first wave of the outbreak between April and the end of September this year, the Health Protection Agency has estimated. In the “hot spot” areas of the West Midlands and London that figure could be as high as 30%.

Around half of these children will have had mild symptoms or may even have been asymptomatic, which is consistent with the pattern of the virus in the rest of the population.

The agency looked at a large outbreak in schools, after which …
The oxidase activity of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) induces endothelial E- and P-selectins and leukocyte binding
Authors: Sirpa Jalkanen, Marika Karikoski, Nathalie Mercier, Kaisa Koskinen, Tiina Henttinen, Kati Elima, Katriina Salmivirta, Marko Salmi
Journal: Blood (2007)
Shortage of junior staff
Authors: A Seymour
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The implementation of non-pharmaceutical public health interventions can have simultaneous impacts on pathogen transmission rates as well as host mobility rates. For instance, with SARS-CoV-2, masking can influence host-to-host transmission, while stay-at-home orders can influence mobility. Importantly, transmission rates and mobility patterns can influence pathogen-induced hospitalization rates. This poses a significant challenge for the use of mathematical models of disease dynamics in forecasting the spread of a pathogen; to create accurate forecasts in spatial models of disease spread, we must simultaneously account for time-varying rates of transmission and host movement. In this study, we develop a statistical model-fitting algorithm to estimate dynamic rates of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and host movement from geo-referenced hospitalization data. Using simulated data sets, we then test whether our method can accurately estimate these time-varying rates simultaneously, and how this accuracy is influenced by the spatial population structure. Our model-fitting method relies on a highly parallelized process of grid search and a sliding window technique that allows us to estimate time-varying transmission rates with high accuracy and precision, as well as movement rates with somewhat lower precision. Estimated parameters also had lower precision in more rural data sets, due to lower hospitalization rates (i.e., these areas are less data-rich). This model-fitting routine could easily be generalized to any stochastic, spatially-explicit modeling framework, offering a flexible and efficient method to estimate time-varying parameters from geo-referenced data sets.
Multiple Rare Nonsynonymous Variants in the <i>Adenomatous Polyposis Coli</i> Gene Predispose to Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: Duncan Azzopardi, Anthony R. Dallosso, Kristilyn Eliason, Brant C. Hendrickson, Natalie Jones, Edward Rawstorne, James Colley, Valentina Moskvina, Cynthia Frye, Julian R. Sampson, Richard Wenstrup, Thomas Scholl, Jeremy P. Cheadle
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract It has been proposed that multiple rare variants in numerous genes collectively account for a substantial proportion of multifactorial inherited predisposition to a variety of diseases, including colorectal adenomas (CRA). We have studied this hypothesis by sequencing the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in 691 unrelated North American patients with CRAs and 969 matched healthy controls. Rare inherited nonsynonymous variants of APC were significantly overrepresented in patients who did not carry conventional pathogenic mutations in the APC or MutY homologue genes [non–familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) non–MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) patients; 81 of 480, 16.9%] compared with patients with FAP or MAP (20 of 211, 9.5%, P = 0.0113), and this overrepresentation was highest in those non-FAP non-MAP patients with 11 to 99 CRAs (30 of 161, 18.6%, P = 0.0103). Furthermore, significantly more non-FAP non-MAP patients carried rare nonsynonymous variants in the functionally important β-catenin down-regulating domain compared with healthy controls (32 of 480 versus 37 of 969, P = 0.0166). In silico analyses predicted that ∼46% of the 61 different variants identified were likely to affect function, and upon testing, 7 of 16 nonsynonymous variants were shown to alter β-catenin–regulated transcription in vitro. These data suggest that multiple rare nonsynonymous variants in APC play a significant role in predisposing to CRAs. [Cancer Res 2008;68(2):358–63]
Comparison of resection versus patch aortoplasty for repair of coarctation in infants and children.
Authors: P S Hesslein, D G McNamara, M J Morriss, G L Hallman, D A Cooley
Journal: Circulation (1981)

To evaluate two surgical techniques of treatment for coarctation of the aorta in infants and children, we retrospectively compared our long-term experience with resection and end-to-end anastomosis ("resection") vs Dacron patch aortoplasty in patients operated upon when younger than 16 years of age. Since 1967, 184 patients underwent either resection (n = 96) or patch aortoplasty (n = 88). These groups were comparable in terms of preoperative systolic blood pressure, systolic pressure gradient across the coarctation, the year of operation, age and weight at operation, prevalence of associated cardiovascular defects, and duration of postoperative clinical follow-up (1-12.3 years, median 4.3 years). There was no statistically significant difference in operative mortality between surgical groups. Among 104 patients with follow-up longer than 1 year, there was no statistically significant difference between the two operations in the appearance of a residual gradient greater than 10 mm Hg, but for both groups this degree of residual gradient was more frequent in infants (22 of 43, 51%) than in older children (18 of 61, 31%; p less than 0.025). Late postoperative systolic hypertension was noted in 20 of 104 patients (19%), divided equally between the two operative groups. Most late hypertensive patients (13 of 20, 65%) also had residual coarctation; otherwise, the occurrence of postoperative hypertension was not influenced by the type of repair or age at repair. We conclude that resection and patch aortoplasty are equivalent operations for coarctation of the aorta in infants and children, and that long-term relief of gradient is related to age at operation rather than to technique of repair.