tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of weight loss with a National Cancer Institute diet and a plant-based olive oil diet in overweight women with invasive breast cancer.
Authors: MM Flynn, M Fenton
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5080 Background: Breast cancer risk increases with increasing body weight, higher blood levels of fasting insulin and triglycerides, and lower HDL-c. Weight loss and diet can affect these variables. Lower fat diets are routinely recommended for weight loss and cancer prevention, yet no firm evidence indicates an advantage compared to moderate fat diets. Further, lower fat diets can adversely affect fasting blood levels of insulin, triglycerides and HDL-c.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Overweight women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer after the age of 50 consumed a National Cancer Institute diet (NCI; total fat: &amp;gt;15% to &amp;lt;30%) and a plant- based, olive oil diet (PBOO; total fat: &amp;gt;35%, primarily from extra virgin olive oil) for 8 weeks each in a crossover trial with random assignment to order. Fasting blood samples at the end of each diet were analyzed for insulin, triglycerides and HDL-c.&amp;#x2028; Results: Results for 20 subjects. Percent weight loss (NCI: 4.2+1.9; PBOO: 5.6+2.2) in this preliminary group exhibited a significant diet-order effect.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusion: These initial results suggest that weight loss can be achieved with a plant- based, higher- fat diet emphasizing extra virgin olive oil, and such a diet may have a metabolic advantage compared to the standard, lower-fat diet. This study was funded by Susan G. Komen for the Cure Grants Program. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5080.
Generation of Cerebellar Interneurons from Dividing Progenitors in White Matter
Authors: Lei Zhang, James E Goldman
Journal: Neuron (1996)

The traditional view of the external granular layer of the cerebellar cortex giving rise to interneurons has been challenged by recent studies with quail-chick chimeras. To clarify the time and site of origins of interneurons, a retrovirus carrying the beta-galactosidase gene was injected into the deep cerebellar tissue or external granular layer of postnatal day 4/5 rats to label dividing progenitors. After deep cerebellar tissue injection, unipolar cells were found initially in white matter at 2 days postinjection and subsequently in the internal granule and molecular layers 4-6 days postinjection. Morphologically defined basket, stellate, and Golgi neurons were clearly identified by 20 days postinjection. In contrast, retroviral labeling of cells in the external granular layer produced only granule neurons in the internal granule layer. Thus, dividing progenitors in the cerebellar white matter migrate through the white matter into the cortex before differentiating into a variety of cortical interneurons.
Heredity × environment or developmental interactions?
Authors: Dennis J. Delprato
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract This commentary acknowledges the importance of Davey's biocognitive approach to the uneven distribution of fears on the basis of its contribution to a human model for understanding fear. An integrated heredity-environment and developmental transactional approach based on field/system theory is recommended in place of the mechanistic heredity × environment interactionism that Davey uses to explain behavioral ontogeny.
Intracranial aneurysms: analysis of results of microneurosurgery.
Authors: C B Adams, A B Loach, S A O'laoire
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Subarachnoid haemorrhage from intracranial aneurysms has a poor prognosis. Operative management of intracranial aneurysms was once considered ineffective. The first 100 cases treated by micorsurgery were analysed to see whether mortality and morbidity were reduced. Modern surgical techniques halved the total mortality but the morbidity was unaltered. Results can be improved by delaying surgery seven days and by treating any hypertension before surgery.
Complement depletion accelerates the clearance of immune complexes from the circulation of primates.
Authors: F J Waxman, L A Hebert, J B Cornacoff, M E VanAman, W L Smead, E H Kraut, D J Birmingham, J M Taguiam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Binding of immune complexes (IC) to erythrocytes in vitro is the result of interaction between C3b sites on the IC, and complement receptors type I (CRI) expressed on primate erythrocytes. Recent evidence indicates that primate erythrocytes can also rapidly bind large, preformed IC in vivo. This study was undertaken to determine if the binding of IC to baboon erythrocytes in vivo is complement dependent and to examine the effect of complement depletion on IC clearance from the circulation. The results indicate that complement depletion in vivo reduced the binding of IC to erythrocytes. There was relatively little binding of IC to leukocytes in both the complement-depleted and complement-repleted condition. Thus, the majority of IC not bound to erythrocytes remained free in the plasma and, consequently, IC infusion during the complement-depleted state resulted in increased plasma IC concentrations. This was associated with a rapid disappearance of IC from the circulation. By contrast, in the normal or complement-repleted state, a large fraction of the IC became bound to erythrocytes during IC infusion, which resulted in lower plasma IC concentrations. Under these conditions, a more gradual rate of disappearance of IC from the circulation was observed. The relatively abrupt clearance of IC from the circulation in the complement-depleted state could not be accounted for by increased hepatic or splenic uptake. These data indicate that, in contrast to previous studies in nonprimates, complement depletion in primates results in accelerated removal of IC from the circulation. This suggests that factors such as hypocomplementemia and deficient expression of erythrocyte CRI, which are known to occur in certain IC-mediated diseases, may promote IC uptake by organs vulnerable to IC-mediated injury.
SOME MORE TRICHO CASES
Authors: Earl D. Osborne
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to report three cases of radiodermatitis produced by treatment with the so-called Tricho System, for the removal of superfluous hair: <h3>Mrs. W. S.</h3> —Patient was treated during 1927 and 1928 with the Tricho system, for a moderate degree of hypertrichosis, over the chin, neck and cheeks. On examination in March, 1928, she presented a mild degree of atrophy and telangiectasia over the area treated. The facial disfigurement was slight. <h3>Miss H. B.</h3> —Patient received ten Tricho treatments for removal of superfluous hair on the neck, face, forehead and lip, in 1927 and 1928. Examination in May, 1929, revealed a moderate grade of atrophy and telangiectasia, with moderate facial disfigurement. <h3>Mrs. F. G.</h3> —Patient treated by Tricho system for three years—1925, 1926 and 1927—for superfluous hair on the cheeks and chin. Examination in September, 1928, revealed a moderate degree of atrophy and telangiectasia and mottled pigmentation.
Urinary Cadmium as a Marker of Exposure in Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Scott V. Adams, Polly A. Newcomb
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Urinary cadmium (U-Cd) is commonly interpreted in epidemiological studies to measure cadmium accumulated in the kidney, and is thus used as a marker of long-term exposure.This concept is based primarily on occupational cohorts exposed to high Cd levels, and its generaliza tion to populations chronically exposed to lower environmental Cd levels-primarily through tobacco and foods grown on contaminated soil-is of central importance to studies of health outcomes, including heart disease, cancer, kidney disease, and osteoporosis, that have been associated with Cd (Järup and Åkesson 2009).In their article, Chaumont et al. ( 2013) described complications with under standing Cd body burden from U-Cd.However, several items in the article would bene fit from clarification.Evidence presented by Chaumont et al. ( 2013) included stratified plots of logtransformed U-Cd with age, comparing men and women and, separately, by smoking status.The authors observed an approxi mately constant offset between current smokers and non smokers, which they interpreted to mean that the difference in U-Cd did not change with age-in contrast to the expectation based on U-Cd reflecting accumula tion of Cd in the kidney.However, a constant offset between curves on a log-scale implies that the ratio, not the difference, is constant.Because the curves have generally upward trends, the difference in U-Cd between current smokers and non smokers must be increasing.Furthermore, Figure 2 and Table 2 of Chaumont et al. ( 2013) showed higher mean U-Cd in former smokers compared with never-smokers over a range of ages, as expected if U-Cd reflects, at least in part, cumula tive exposure.Nonetheless the authors stated, "We observed no differences … between former and never-smoker adults."The difference did not reach statistical signifi cance, which might be explained by the modest sample size and broad distribu tion of U-Cd in former smokers, who were more often male than never-smokers and who may have varied widely in smoking dose and may have quit smoking years before the study.A more informative investigation of the association of U-Cd with smoking would use multi variate regression, controlling for
The <i>MET</i> Oncogene in Glioblastoma Stem Cells: Implications as a Diagnostic Marker and a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Carla Boccaccio, Paolo M. Comoglio
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The MET oncogene, a crucial regulator of the genetic program known as “invasive growth” or “epithelial–mesenchymal transition,” has recently emerged as a functional marker of glioblastoma stem cells. Here, we review findings that associate MET expression and activity with a specific, genetically defined glioblastoma stem cell subtype, and data showing how MET sustains the stem cell phenotype in glioblastoma and other tumors. Finally, we discuss issues related to identification of tumorigenic clones driven by MET in the context of genetically heterogeneous tumors and strategies aimed at eradicating cancer stem cells. Cancer Res; 73(11); 3193–9. ©2013 AACR.
The Extended Granin Family: Structure, Function, and Biomedical Implications
Authors: Alessandro Bartolomucci, Roberta Possenti, Sushil K. Mahata, Reiner Fischer-Colbrie, Y. Peng Loh, Stephen R. J. Salton
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2011)

The chromogranins (chromogranin A and chromogranin B), secretogranins (secretogranin II and secretogranin III), and additional related proteins (7B2, NESP55, proSAAS, and VGF) that together comprise the granin family subserve essential roles in the regulated secretory pathway that is responsible for controlled delivery of peptides, hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. Here we review the structure and function of granins and granin-derived peptides and expansive new genetic evidence, including recent single-nucleotide polymorphism mapping, genomic sequence comparisons, and analysis of transgenic and knockout mice, which together support an important and evolutionarily conserved role for these proteins in large dense-core vesicle biogenesis and regulated secretion. Recent data further indicate that their processed peptides function prominently in metabolic and glucose homeostasis, emotional behavior, pain pathways, and blood pressure modulation, suggesting future utility of granins and granin-derived peptides as novel disease biomarkers.
Aesthetic meanings and aesthetic emotions: How historical and intentional knowledge expand aesthetic experience
Authors: Paul J. Silvia
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract This comment proposes that Bullot &amp; Reber's (B&amp;R's) emphasis on historical and intentional knowledge expands the range of emotions that can be properly viewed as aesthetic states. Many feelings, such as anger, contempt, shame, confusion, and pride, come about through complex aesthetic meanings, which integrate conceptual knowledge, beliefs about the work and the artist's intentions, and the perceiver's goals and values.
PD-L1 expression correlates with immune response in a Phase I trial of CCL21 gene modified dendritic cell therapy in lung cancer
Authors: Jay M Lee, Edward B Garon, Mi-Heon Lee, Gerald Wang, Dörthe Schaue, Felicita Baratelli, Fereidoun Abtin, Robert Suh, William D Wallace, Gang Zeng, Sherven Sharma, Steven M Dubinett
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Anti-tumor immune response in lung cancer patients may be evoked by intra-tumoral (IT) administration of autologous dendritic cells (DC), transduced with a replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vector to express the secondary lymphoid chemokine (SLC/CCL21) gene. Here, we evaluated
Late Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations of Thorotrast Administration in Cerebral Arteriography
Authors: Murray L. Janower, Victor W. Sidel, William H. Baker, David E. P. Fitzpatrick, Frances I. Guarino, M. Jean Flynn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Thirty patients who received thorotrast for cerebral arteriography from 1948 to 1952 were studied to determine the delayed effects of chronic low-dose internal-emitter radiation. The whole-body burdens ranged from 0.13 to 2.5 gram-equivalents of radioactive thorium and varied with the total amount of thorotrast originally administered. Bromsulfalein retention ranged from 5 to 27 per cent, and alkaline phosphatase from 4.7 to 9.8 units in over half the patients. Most had a moderate relative increase in the albumin and a decrease in the globulin fraction on serum protein electrophoresis. Only three patients had completely normal results on liver-function tests. Chromosome analyses of white blood cells revealed chromosomal breaks and abnormalities in nine of 10 patients. There were no radiation-related abnormal physical findings, no increase in tumor incidence and no consistent changes in red-cell morphology.
GENDER AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS
Authors: Pawan K. Hari, Vikas Veeranna, Rajeev Sudhakar, Palaniappan Manickam, Ashutosh Niraj, Ramanjit Kaur, Sony Jacob, Luis Afonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Functional ultrasound imaging for assessment of extracellular matrix scaffolds used for liver organoid formation
Authors: Ryan C. Gessner, Ariel D. Hanson, Steven Feingold, Avery T. Cashion, Ana Corcimaru, Bryant T. Wu, Christopher R. Mullins, Stephen R. Aylward, Lola M. Reid, Paul A. Dayton
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
990. Unexpected Immune Enhancement by Autologous Lentiviral Modified CD4 T Cells: Results from a Phase I Gene Transfer Trial of Lentiviral Vector-Modified T Cells Expressing Antisense Envelope
Authors: Rob R. MacGregor, Bruce L. Levine, Xiaobin Lu, Laurent M. Humeau, Tessio Rebello, Peter Manilla, Yajin Ni, Gwendolyn K. Binder, Richard Carroll, Jean Boyer, Frederic Bushman, Vladimir Slepushkin, Boro Dropulic, Carl H. June
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We report the testing of an HIV-1-based lentiviral vector expressed in CD4 T cells in a Phase I, open-label, non-randomized gene transfer trial. In this study, 5 patients were each given a single IV dose of approximately 1 |[times]| 1010 autologous CD4 T cells that had been transduced ex vivo with the lentiviral vector VRX496. VRX496 expresses a 937 nt antisense gene against the HIV envelope. All patients had chronic HIV, with CD4 counts above 150 cells/mm3 and a viral load > 5000 copies per ml. The patients had all failed at least two HAART regimens due to intolerance or resistance. All five patients have been dosed, and no serious treatment related adverse events have occurred. Viral loads are shown in the figure; one subject maintained a nearly 2-log decrease in viral load at the 1 year time point. CD4 counts remained stable in all patients and circulating VRX496-modified cells were detected in all patients for at least 6 months. Immune reconstitution is suggested by ELISPOT analysis of PBMC. 4 of 5 patients have increased HIV gag and env specific IFN-g expressing CD8 T cells (702 mean|[plusmn]|269 sem SFU per 1|[times]|106 PBMC at baseline, and 2610|[plusmn]|662 SFU at 3 to 12 months post infusion, P<0.01), presumably representing an enhanced response to endogenous viral antigen. Intriguingly, the response of the patients to diphtheria toxin also improved (5|[plusmn]|1 SFU baseline, and 250|[plusmn]|132 SFU post infusion, p=0.07). The improved response to DT presumably represents improved function of central memory CD4 cells since patients were not exposed to DT during the trial. Together, these preliminary data support the safety and feasibility of lentiviral vector therapy in the setting of adoptively transferred mature T cells. This approach could be a promising strategy to enhance immune responses for patients with chronic HIV-1 infection.
Benign Strictures of Bile Ducts
Authors: Robert E. Hermann
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This book is written by three surgeons from the Moscow Medical Institute and has been translated from Russian into English. The book presents an encyclopedic review of the subject of benign strictures of the bile ducts. The writing throughout is somewhat wordy and nonobjective. The book begins in a rather unsophisticated way with a review of the terminology and classification of various types of bile duct strictures. These have been classified by the authors according to their etiology and by the level of the ductal lesion, degree of narrowing, extent of the stricture, and clinical course of the patient. Benign posttraumatic strictures, strictures of previous biliary anastomoses, secondary inflammatory strictures from other lesions, and primary sclerosing cholangitis are all covered. Several chapters are devoted to the causes of strictures, their clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis, preparing the patient for surgery, principles of surgery for bile duct strictures, operative techniques of
Drug effect in acute leukemia
Authors: Beatrice C. Lampkin, Takeshi Nagao, Alvin M. Mauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The in vivo therapeutic effect of vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, and corticosteroids on leukemic blast cells in the bone marrow was evaluated. 24 studies were done in 21 children with acute leukemia. 19 children had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and two children had acute myeloblastic leukemia. Direct cytotoxicity or lysis of blast cells after drug administration was looked for by serial measurements of the volume of marrow buffy coat. Changes in proliferative capacity were evaluated by serial measurements of number of cells in mitosis and the per cent of cells in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, as indicated by tritiated thymidine incorporation. Corticosteroid administration caused lysis of leukemic blast cells. Each drug affected the proliferative capacity of the leukemic cells by an action at a different part of the mitotic cycle. Corticosteroids suppressed the entry of cells into DNA synthesis. Vincristine arrested cells in mitosis. Cytosine arabinoside inhibited DNA synthesis. After the inhibitory effect of cytosine arabinoside, an increased number of cells began to synthesize DNA, a phenomenon indicating that partial synchronization of the mitotic cycle had been achieved in the leukemic cell population. The action of these drugs at different parts of the mitotic cycle might be important in designing treatment regimens where in two or more of these drugs are used.
Pancreas Histology and a Longitudinal Study of Insulin Secretion in a Japanese Patient With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults
Authors: Satoshi Murao, Akihisa Imagawa, Eiji Kawasaki, Kazuaki Yokota, Tetsuji Yamashita, Takashi Sekikawa, Haruhiko Osawa, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Hideichi Makino
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Positive islet cell–related autoantibody is thought to reflect the process of immune-mediated β-cell damage symbolized by the insulitis, but there have been few reports on the pancreas histology of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We report a study of pancreas histology and a longitudinal insulin secretion in a LADA patient.

A 50-year-old woman treated with sulfonylurea from the age of 40 years was referred to our hospital in 1999. On the first visit, she was prescribed 5 mg/day glibenclamide. Her BMI was 18.2 kg/m2; her maximum BMI at age 40 years, was 26.5 kg/m2; her A1C was 7.8%. She was positive for GAD antibody (titer …
Enhancement of PDGF-BB mitogenic activity on human dermal fibroblasts by biospecific dextran derivatives
Authors: Anne-Sophie Vercoutter-Edouart, Guy Dubreucq, Barbara Vanhoecke, Christelle Rigaut, François Renaux, Latifa Dahri-Correia, Jérôme Lemoine, Marc Bracke, Jean-Claude Michalski, José Correia
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Breakdown products of C′3 in human synovial fluids
Authors: Nathan J. Zvaifler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Activation of the complement sequence results in conversion of the third component of complement (C'3) to an inactive product (C'3i) and the elaboration of additional fragments of smaller molecular weights and faster electrophoretic mobilities. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of fresh synovial fluids with an anti-human C'3 antiserum disclosed in some a variable degree of conversion of C'3 to C'3i, but a more striking finding was an additional line in the alpha-globulin region. This faster migrating protein gave a reaction of partial identity with C'3/C'3i. With this antiserum a similar pattern developed when fresh human serum was incubated with immune complexes, or aggregated gamma-globulin. The same breakdown product of C'3 was obtained by treatment of fresh human serum with Zymosan, ammonium, hydrazine, agar, or dextran. Heating serum at 56 degrees C for 1 hr destroys the breakdown product; aging of serum produces it. Breakdown products of C'3 were looked for in 49 synovial fluids from patients with a variety of joint diseases. A significant correlation was found between the demonstration of the fast migrating breakdown product of C'3 and the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and the presence of rheumatoid factor. A similar immunoelectrophoretic pattern was not found in the serum of any of the patients studied. When human gamma-globulin, which has been reduced and alkylated, is heat aggregated it loses the ability to fix human complement but still reacts with rheumatoid factor. Addition of reduced, aggregated gamma-globulin to fresh normal human serum produced no conversion of C'3, but when incubated with serum containing a high titer of rheumatoid factor, there was conversion of C'3 and the appearance of a breakdown product. Quantitative complement fixation studies with fresh serum from normal subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis disclosed complement fixation by reduced, aggregated gamma-globulin. The per cent of complement fixation was proportional to the titer of rheumatoid factor present in the test serum. These findings were interpreted as showing that rheumatoid factor can fix complement.The possibility is discussed that the presence of breakdown products of C'3 in the synovial effusions of most patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and the ability of rheumatoid factor to fix complement are related phenomena.