tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dictionary of Medical Ethics
Authors: Robert M. Veatch
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The newly revised edition of the<i>Dictionary of Medical Ethics</i>updates and expands the British publication of 1977. It provides alphabetical entries for terms in the current medical ethical discourse and major areas of ethical problems in the practice of medicine. They are meant to be useful for both practicing clinician and lay person. More than 70% of the entries are written by physicians, while others come from lawyers, clergy, and philosophers. Many of the major organizations in the field of medical ethics have short entries written by their chief officers describing the nature of their work. All of the entries are relatively brief. They range from one sentence to several pages and are uneven in style, objectives, and sophistication. The best ones provide statements of the relevant medical issue and of the ethical areas of controversy, a survey of ethical positions taken regarding the issue and the kinds of
Head and neck cancer--Part 1: Epidemiology, presentation, and prevention
Authors: H. Mehanna, V. Paleri, C. M. L. West, C. Nutting
Journal: BMJ (2010)

#### Summary points

Head and neck cancers include cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (including the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx), the paranasal sinuses, and the salivary glands. Cancers at different sites have different courses and variable histopathological types, although squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most common. The anatomical sites affected are important for functions such as speech, swallowing, taste, and smell, so the cancers and their treatments may have considerable functional sequelae with subsequent impairment of quality of life. Decisions about treatment are usually complex, and they must balance efficacy of treatment and likelihood of survival, with potential functional and quality of life outcomes. Patients and their carers need considerable support during and after treatment.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We used the terms “head and neck”, “larynx”, “oral”, and “oropharynx”—with each limited by “cancer”, “diagnosis”, and “treatment” separately—to search the Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and AMED databases. We also used them to cross check national guidelines, reference lists, textbooks, and personal reference lists. We assessed over 1000 identified abstracts for relevance.

In this first part of a two article series, we review the common presentations of head and neck cancer. We also discuss common investigations and new …
TCT-726 Residual Platelet Reactivity Threshold After Clopidogrel Loading Dose to Predict Long-term Clinical Outcome in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights from the RECLOSE2-ACS Study
Authors: Renato Valenti, Rossella Marcucci, Angela Migliorini, Anna Maria Gori, Guido Parodi, Betti Giusti, nazario carrabba, Rita Paniccia, Rosanna Abbate, David Antoniucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Ingestion of Diet Soda Before a Glucose Load Augments Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion
Authors: Rebecca J. Brown, Mary Walter, Kristina I. Rother
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the effect of artificial sweeteners on glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS For this study, 22 healthy volunteers (mean age 18.5 ± 4.2 years) underwent two 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests with frequent measurements of glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 for 180 min. Subjects drank 240 ml of diet soda or carbonated water, in randomized order, 10 min prior to the glucose load. RESULTS Glucose excursions were similar after ingestion of carbonated water and diet soda. Serum insulin levels tended to be higher after diet soda, without statistical significance. GLP-1 peak and area under the curve (AUC) were significantly higher with diet soda (AUC 24.0 ± 15.2 pmol/l per 180 min) versus carbonated water (AUC 16.2 ± 9.0 pmol/l per 180 min; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Artificial sweeteners synergize with glucose to enhance GLP-1 release in humans. This increase in GLP-1 secretion may be mediated via stimulation of sweet-taste receptors on L-cells by artificial sweetener.
P3-066: The potential predictive value of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and increased risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with erlotinib and celecoxib
Authors: Mary J. Fidler, Athanassios Argiris, Joyti D. Patel, David H. Johnson, Alan Sandler, Victoria Villaflor, John Coon, Lela Buckingham, Philip Bonomi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of morphine in the critically ill.
Authors: J J Rouby, B Eurin, P Glaser, J J Guillosson, J Nafziger, R Guesde, P Viars
Journal: Circulation (1981)

To assess the effects of i.v. injection of morphine, 0.5 mg/kg, hemodynamic studies were performed on 24 critically ill patients under controlled ventilation. An esophageal balloon was used to estimate intrapleural pressure and transmural cardiac filling pressures were calculated. After injection of morphine, there were significant decreases in heart rate (13%), cardiac index (18%), stroke index (17%) and arterial pressure (15%) and there was a nonsignificant increase in esophageal pressure (15%). Transmural cardiac filling pressures decreased significantly (21% for the pulmonary wedge pressure); intravascular filling pressures were unchanged. Oxygen consumption decreased significantly, by 21%, in 10 patients with initially elevated oxygen consumption and by 9% in 14 patients with initially normal oxygen consumption. The oxygen extraction ratio was unchanged, suggesting that the decrease in oxygen consumption was caused by decreased oxygen demand rather than by inadequate oxygen delivery. These results indicate that the hemodynamic effects of morphine (0.5 mg/kg) administered to critically ill patients were associated with a significant decrease in oxygen consumption, which probably reflected sedation and analgesia.
Ineffectiveness of Aspirin and Dipyridamole in the Treatment of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: MICHAEL H. ROSOVE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Platelet-inhibiting drugs have been used widely in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Nineteen consecutive patients received various treatments including platelet inhibitors, glucocorticoid drugs, whole blood or plasma exchange transfusions, and splenectomy. During treatment with aspirin and dipyridamole in 14 patients, five died, and only one had neither new neurologic signs nor worsening thrombocytopenia. Prostacyclin in one patient was not beneficial. Serious bleeding complications, including massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, epistaxes, or subarachnoid hemorrhage confirmed at autopsy, occurred in five of the 19 patients and only during treatment with aspirin and dipyridamole. We conclude that there is no evidence for the effectiveness of aspirin and dipyridamole in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and that these drugs may increase the risk of serious bleeding complications.
Preferential therapy for osteoarthritis by cord blood MSCs through regulation of chondrogenic cytokines
Authors: Wen-Cheng Lo, Wei-Hong Chen, Tzu-Chieh Lin, Shiaw-Min Hwang, Rong Zeng, Wei-Che Hsu, Yu-Ming Chiang, Ming-Che Liu, David F. Williams, Win-Ping Deng
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Nottingham General Hospital
Authors: J. Sloane
Journal: BMJ (1858)

admitted into the General Hospital, Nottilngham-i, on October 3rd, 1854, under the care of Mr. Eddison.She works in a lace-warehouse; is unmarried; of healthy parentage and temperate habits.From the age of four to twenty-five years, she was much troubled with strumous disease in the glands of the neck, which is much scarred on both sides.With this exception, she enjoyed good health till 1849, when she began to experience in the left iliac region a severe pain, which would last for about a week, and from which she would probably, then be free for about a month.The length of the intermissions has gradually decreased, and now she is released from suffering for only a few days, and the the pain continues for about three weeks.In 1851, Mr. Eddi- son detected a tumour, which he believed to be ovarian, low down on the left side of the abdomen; it has since gradually increased.In this year, she informs me, she was in the.Hospital for Diseases of Women, in Solo Square, London, for six weeks.Her medical attendants there suspected pregnancy, and advised that no very active treatment should be adopted till that point was decided.In 1852, she had an attack of peritonitis, and again in 1853; these attacks yielded under Mr. Eddison's treatment.
Role of exercise testing early after myocardial infarction in identifying candidates for coronary surgery.
Authors: K Jennings, D S Reid, T Hawkins, D J Julian
Journal: BMJ (1984)

It has been suggested that ST depression in lead V5 or equivalent on early exercise testing after acute myocardial infarction predicts a high risk of death. To evaluate exercise testing and radionuclide ventriculography in this context 103 consecutive patients with myocardial infarction who were able to undertake a limited exercise test before discharge from hospital were exercised and underwent gated blood pool scanning. No serious complications resulted from exercise testing. Twenty nine patients developed ST depression in lead V5, 19 had exertional hypotension, 31 developed a heart rate of greater than or equal to 130 beats/min, and 15 had complex ventricular arrhythmias. Death during the first year after discharge from hospital was associated with exertional hypotension (p less than 0.001) and a heart rate on exercise testing of greater than or equal to 130 beats/min (p less than 0.05); these two variables identified all nine deaths. Inability to complete the exercise protocol for any reason was also predictive of death (p less than 0.01). Ventricular arrhythmias and ST depression in lead V5 induced by exercise were not significantly associated with an increased risk of death. The mean (SD) radionuclide ejection fraction in the patients who died was 29 (16%) compared with 43 (11)% in the patients who survived (p less than 0.001). ST changes on exercise testing after myocardial infarction appear to be less predictive of later complications than haemodynamic signs, which may indicate left ventricular damage rather than ischaemia.
THE COMPARABLE UTILITY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE DETECTION OF EARLY STAGE CALCIFIC AORTIC VALVE DISEASE: AN AGES-REYKJAVIK INVESTIGATION.
Authors: David S. Owens, Jonathan F. Plehn, Sigurdur Sigurdsson, Jeffrey L. Probstfield, Lenore J. Launer, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Vilmundur Gudnason, Tamara B. Harris, Kevin D.O’ Brien
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Use and Abuse of Antiseptics
Authors: C. H. Browning
Journal: BMJ (1938)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The identification of structural variations in genomes using next-generation sequencing approaches greatly facilitates the study of genetic and genomic diseases. The data generated using these approaches also provide interesting new means to examine DNA repair, recombination, and replication to better understand sources of genomic instability. To better utilize this data, we developed SCARR (Systematic Combination of Alignments to Recreate Rearrangements) to identify DNA rearrangements, and used it to examine the occurrence of orientation-reversing events in human and budding yeast genomes. SCARR exceeds the sensitivity of previous genome sequencing approaches, and identifies rearrangements genome-wide with base-pair resolution, which helps provide insights into the mechanisms involved in their formation. We find that short-range orientation-reversing events occur at high rates in both human and yeast genomes. We quantified these rearrangements in yeast strains lacking various DNA repair factors, and propose that these short-range events often occur through template-switching events within a replication fork. We hypothesize that this mechanism may act as an error-prone alternative to fork reversal to restart stalled replication forks.
Future proposals for consultant and registrar grades
Authors: G A Morewood, B A Lieberman
Journal: BMJ (1982)

noted, however, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period among women with preexisting Graves's disease.'In a recent study2 a transient disturbance of thyroid function was found in 27 (5-3%) of 503 women, three to eight months following delivery; permanent hypothyroidism occurred in one (0 19%).Thus, while control of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy is no more difficult to achieve than in the non-pregnant state, pregnancy does have profound effects on underlying autoimmune phenomena.
Modulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling inhibits the onset and progression of ankylosing enthesitis
Authors: Rik J.U. Lories, Inge Derese, Frank P. Luyten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Joint ankylosis is a major cause of disability in the human spondyloarthropathies. Here we report that this process partially recapitulates embryonic endochondral bone formation in a spontaneous model of arthritis in DBA/1 mice. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling appears to be a key molecular pathway involved in this pathological cascade. Systemic gene transfer of noggin, a BMP antagonist, is effective both as a preventive and a therapeutic strategy in the mouse model, mechanistically interfering with enthesial progenitor cell proliferation in early stages of the disease process. Immunohistochemical staining for phosphorylated smad1/5 in enthesial biopsies of patients with spondyloarthropathy reveals active BMP signaling in similar target cells. Our data suggest that BMP signaling is an attractive therapeutic target for interfering with structural changes in spondyloarthropathy either as an alternative or complementary approach to current antiinflammatory treatments.
The FDA and the Practice of Medicine
Authors: Kenneth J. Ryan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Until recently, there has been a generally accepted difference in federally mandated labeling practices between over-the-counter drugs and physician-prescribed medications. Traditionally, the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required the labeling of only nonprescription drugs obtainable directly by the public. Responsibility for access to, and information dispensed with, potentially harmful or habit-forming drugs has been left with the individual physician by the requirement of a prescription. Implicit in this restricted access to certain drugs and devices in the "by-prescription-only" mechanism has been the assumption that this was an effective safeguard for the public health.The FDA obviously thinks otherwise . . .
Abstract P6-08-01: Analysis of patient-reported outcomes following nipple-sparing mastectomy and implant reconstruction
Authors: LA Pharmer, SB Koslow, D Martins, R Theodore, PJ Christos, M Talmor, RM Simmons, E Tousimis, AJ Swistel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is gaining popularity among women undergoing prophylactic and therapeutic mastectomy. Using the BREAST-Q, a validated condition-specific patient-reported outcome instrument which measures postsurgical patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), we sought to determine whether satisfaction and HR-QoL differ between patients undergoing NSM and skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) with immediate implant reconstruction. Methods: From 2005 to 2012, a total of 572 patients underwent mastectomy; of these 261 patients (46%) had NSM. All mastectomy patients were mailed the BREAST-Q reconstruction questionnaire consisting of 3 scales (scored 0-100): Satisfaction with Breasts, Satisfaction with Outcome, and Psychosocial Well-Being. Excluded from this analysis were males, autologous tissue reconstruction, and conversion from NSM to SSM. Comparisons were made between NSM and SSM groups using univariable analysis and multivariable linear regression models (MVA). Results: The BREAST-Q completion rate was 27% with a median time from surgery to survey of 36 months (range 4 to 86). Women undergoing NSM, compared to SSM, were younger (mean 46 v 50 years; p = 0.01), more likely to be married (80% v 52%; p = 0.001), have bilateral mastectomies (79% v 59%; p = 0.01), and had less time between surgery and BREAST-Q completion (median 25 v 49 months; p&amp;lt;0.001). 19 NSM patients (25%) and 7 SSM patients (13%) underwent prophylactic mastectomy (p = 0.07). There were no differences regarding tumor characteristics or treatment. Patients undergoing NSM, compared to SSM, had a higher unadjusted mean score for Satisfaction with Breasts (71 v 60; p&amp;lt;0.001), Satisfaction with Outcome (80 v 69; p = 0.003), and Psychosocial Well-Being (84 v 74; p = 0.006). On MVA analysis, NSM (compared to SSM) was associated with greater Satisfaction with Breasts (adjusted mean difference: +13, 95% Confidence Interval[CI]: 6-21, p = 0.001), Satisfaction with Outcome (adjusted mean difference: +17, 95% CI: 7-27, p = 0.001), and Psychosocial Well-Being (adjusted mean difference: +12, 95% CI: 3-22, p = 0.013), after controlling for age at mastectomy, marital status, laterality, cancer vs. non-cancer diagnosis, post-mastectomy radiation treatment, and time from mastectomy to BREAST-Q completion. Not being married (adjusted mean difference: +8, 95% CI: 2-15, p = 0.014) and having a bilateral mastectomy (adjusted mean difference: +8, 95% CI: 1-14, p = 0.029) were also significant predictors of increased Satisfaction with Breasts. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, in the setting of implant reconstruction, NSM is associated with higher patient satisfaction with their breasts, overall outcome, and improved emotional/social well being. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-08-01.
Depression Among African-Americans With Diabetes
Authors: Mary de Groot, Patrick J. Lustman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

It has been well established that African-Americans have an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared with Whites (10.1 vs. 5.2%, respectively) (1). Both White and African-American women have a 40% greater prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes compared with men (1). African-Americans also have higher rates of morbidity and mortality associated with a variety of diabetic complications, including higher glycemic levels, increased prevalence of microalbuminuria and kidney disease, longer duration of kidney disease, greater likelihood of retinopathy, greater incidence of …
Thoracic Duct Scintigraphy by Orally Administered I-123 BMIPP
Authors: AHMAD QURESHY, KAZUO KUBOTA, SHUICHI ONO, TACHIO SATO, HIROSHI FUKUDA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Purpose To investigate the use of orally administered iodine-123–labeled 15-(4-iodophenyl)-3(R,S)-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (I-123 BMIPP) for thoracic duct imaging in normal and pathologic states and to study the tracer distribution and dynamics in healthy participants. Methods The radiotracer was administered with solid (in three healthy persons and one patient) or liquid meals (in three other healthy persons). Solid meals contained relatively more fat content than did the liquid meal. Images were acquired to trace the passage of radiotracer from the intestine to the systemic venous circulation via the lymphatic route. Multiple static planar images were acquired in the anterior and posterior views. Blood samples were analyzed for radioactivity and serum triglyceride levels. Results In the healthy participants, I-123 BMIPP was absorbed from the intestine and reached the venous circulation through the thoracic duct. The thoracic part of the duct was visualized successfully in all healthy persons within 80 minutes. The radiotracer dynamics varied according to the type of meal administered. The patient had chylomediastinum and right chylothorax and underwent thoracic duct ligation. In the patient, marked stasis in the collateral lymphatic channels was seen, as was chylous leakage into the mediastinal space and right pleural cavity. Passage of tracer to the general venous circulation was delayed. A normal thoracic duct was not seen in this patient. Conclusions Scintigraphy by orally administered I-123 BMIPP is a simple method to image the thoracic duct and to monitor its lesions. Meals with a higher fat content result in better BMIPP absorption and may be used as a standard method.
Role of Bone Scanning in Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis Report of Two Cases
Authors: A K PADHY, S K SHARMA, M VIJAYARAGHAVAN, P G GOPINATH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Two cases of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis showing intense pulmonary uptake of Tc-99m MDP are reported. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, which is a relatively rare disorder of unknown etiology, is characterized by the presence of innumerable tiny calcispherytes within the alveoli of the lungs. A local defect of the calcium metabolism has been implicated as the possible etiologic factor of this disorder. The calcispherytes, ranging between 0.01 to 0.3 mm in diameter, are composed chiefly of calcium and phosphorus, with apatite as the major chemical state. This chemical composition of the microliths is most probably responsible for the uptake of the bone seeking radiopharmaceutical in the lungs.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;The Singing Lute Player&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardioversion and "false positive" technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams.
Authors: B R Pugh, L M Buja, R W Parkey, L R Poliner, E M Stokely, F J Bonte, J T Willerson
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The present studies performed in experimental animals demonstrate that electrical direct current cardioversion can produce skeletal muscle damage and increased technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) uptake; in experimental animals the electrically damaged skeletal muscle shows necrosis with extensive calcium deposition. In addition, the frequent administration of high energy cardioversion produces myocardial necrosis with calcium deposition, increased 99mTc-PYP myocardial uptake and a positive 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigram. The data indicate that, if diagnostic 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigraphy is contemplated after cardioversion, paddle placement should be slightly removed from the anteroposterior projection of the heart on the external chest wall to avoid possible subsequent confusion between increased myocardial and skeletal muscle uptake of 99mTc-PYP. If multiple high energy cardioversion episodes are necessary, myocardial necrosis resulting from electrical injury may occur and be responisble for increased myocardial uptake of 99mTc-PYP with a resultant positive 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigram.