tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Giant Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Robert M. Crowell
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Giant brain aneurysms represent a formidable neurosurgical challenge: these life-threatening yet nonmalignant lesions are potentially curable by surgical obliteration. Remarkable recent advances toward safe and effective treatment are described in<i>Giant Intracranial Aneurysms</i>, edited by two leaders in this field, Drs Awad and Barrow. The heart of the matter is this: the natural history of these lesions is usually dismal, their detection is now straightforward, and their obliteration can often be achieved with good results. Data on natural history reviewed by Anson indicate that most patients with symptomatic giant aneurysms will die within a few years. Clinical presentation is usually due to subarachnoid hemorrhage or mass effect, but occasionally a giant aneurysm announces its presence by seizure, thromboembolism, headaches, or as an incidental finding on a noninvasive study. In the chapter on imaging, magnetic resonance images show the aneurysm's anatomy and its relation to arteries and parenchyma. For operative planning,
Comparison of Body Size Measurements as Predictors of NIDDM in Pima Indians
Authors: Donald K Warne, M Aline Charles, Robert L Hanson, Lennart T H Jacobsson, David R McCance, William C Knowler, David J Pettitt
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine and compare the abilities of various anthropometric measurements to predict the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Pima Indian men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 290 male and 443 female Pima Indians were followed for up to 6 years for the development of NIDDM. A proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the ability of anthropometric measurements evaluated at baseline to predict NIDDM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare individual variables in predicting NIDDM. RESULTS In separate models controlled for age and sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, thigh circumference, waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR), weight, and percentage body fat (PBF) estimated by bioelectric resistance each predicted NIDDM, which developed in 30 men and 52 women. The highest incidence rate ratios (IRRs; for 1 SD of a variable) were for WTR in men and for PBF in women, although the confidence interval (CI) for PBF was wide. In stepwise analyses, WTR was the most significant predictor in men (IRR for 1 SD = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.20–2.07), and BMI was the most significant predictor in women (IRR for 1 SD = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.29–2.11). However, by ROC analyses, thigh circumference was the only variable significantly worse than WTR in men or BMI in women at predicting NIDDM. CONCLUSIONS Measurements such as waist circumference, WTR, weight, and BMI may be useful as more complicated measurements, such as PBF by bioelectrical resistance, for identifying groups of individuals whose body habitus places them at high risk of developing NIDDM.
Intralesional cyclosporin in psoriasis: effects on T lymphocyte and dendritic cell subpopulations
Authors: BARBARA S. BAKER, A.V. POWLES, C.R. SAVAGE, J.P. MCFADDEN, H. VALDIMARSSON, L. FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

On each of 10 patients with untreated plaque psoriasis, two symmetrical plaques were injected with cyclosporin A or placebo on six occasions over 12 days, in a double-blind manner. Biopsies taken from these lesions at 14 days were examined for differences in cellular composition using a double-labelling immunofluorescent technique. The cyclosporin-injected plaques cleared significantly better than those injected with placebo(P<0.001). In the epidermis of the cyclosporin-injected plaques, total and HLA-DR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers were significantly decreased compared to corresponding plaques treated with placebo (total CD4+, total CD8+, DR+ CD4+, P<0.001; DR+ CD8+, P<0.02). Similarly, T lymphocyte numbers in the dermis were decreased in the cyclosporin compared to placebo-treated plaques; the reduction in total CD4+ and DR+ CD8+ T cell numbers was statistically significant (P<0.005). Although total numbers of epidermal dendritic cells were not significantly altered, the DR+CD1 - dendritic cell subpopulation was markedly decreased (P<0.001) and DR-CD1+ dendritic cells increased (P<0.05) in the plaques injected with cyclosporin compared to corresponding placebo-treated plaques. These findings show that cyclosporin injected in situ is effective in clearing psoriasis and probably exerts this beneficial effect by its action on T lymphocytes. A suitable topical preparation that allows penetration of the drug should prove helpful in the treatment of psoriasis.
Higher Natriuretic Peptide Levels Associate With a Favorable Adipose Tissue Distribution Profile
Authors: Ian J. Neeland, Benjamin R. Winders, Colby R. Ayers, Sandeep R. Das, Alice Y. Chang, Jarett D. Berry, Amit Khera, Darren K. McGuire, Gloria L. Vega, James A. de Lemos, Aslan T. Turer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Academics who spoke out on swine flu risks were more likely to have industry links, study finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Understanding carbon flux-controlling mechanisms in a tangled metabolic network is an essential question of cell metabolism. Secondary metabolism, such as terpene biosynthesis, has evolved with low carbon flux due to inherent pathway constraints. Thraustochytrids are a group of heterotrophic marine unicellular protists, and can accumulate terpenoids under the high salt condition in their natural environment. However, the mechanism behind the terpene accumulation is not well understood. Here we show that terpene biosynthesis in <i>Thraustochytrium</i> sp. ATCC 26185 is constrained by local thermodynamics in the mevalonate pathway. Thermodynamic analysis reveals the metabolite limitation in the nondecarboxylative Claisen condensation of acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA step catalyzed by the acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT). Through a sodium elicited mechanism, higher respiration leads to increased ATP investment into the mevalonate pathway, providing a strong thermodynamic driving force for enhanced terpene biosynthesis. The proteomic analysis further indicates that the increased ATP demands are fulfilled by shifting energy generation from carbohydrate to lipid metabolism. This study demonstrates a unique strategy in nature using ATP to drive a low-flux metabolic pathway, providing an alternative solution for efficient terpene metabolic engineering. <h3>IMPORTANCE</h3> Terpenoids are a large class of lipid molecules with important biological functions, and diverse industrial and medicinal applications. Metabolic engineering for terpene production has been hindered by the low flux distribution to its biosynthesis pathway. In practice, a high substrate load is generally required to reach high product titers. Here we show that the mevalonate-derived terpene biosynthesis is constrained by local pathway thermodynamics, which can only be partially relieved by increasing substrate levels. Through comparative proteomic and biochemical analyses, we discovered a unique mechanism for high terpene accumulation in marine protists thraustochytrids. Through a sodium induced mechanism, thraustochytrids shift their energy metabolism from carbohydrate to lipid metabolism for enhanced ATP production, providing a strong thermodynamic driving force for efficient terpene biosynthesis. This study reveals an important mechanism in eukaryotes to overcome the thermodynamic constraint in low-flux pathways by increased ATP consumption. Engineering energy metabolism thus provides an important alternative to relieve flux constraints in low-flux and energy-consuming pathways.
Pulmonary and Circulatory Effects of Fibrinopeptides
Authors: TREVOR BAYLEY, JOHN A. CLEMENTS, ALBERT J. OSBAHR, Frank P. Szerdahelyi
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Bovine fibrinopeptide B and human fibrinopeptide A given in minute concentrations to rabbits, dogs, and lambs caused pulmonary hypertension, decreased effective pulmonary blood flow, decreased lung compliance, decreased ventilatory conductance, increased frequency and volume of ventilation, and increased differences in arterial and alveolar Pco 2 and Po 2 . These effects appeared immediately after injection of the peptides into the lesser circulation, increased for 15 to 30 min, and were detectable for as long as 70 min. Mean aortic pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, left and right atrial pressures, and cardiac output showed no systematic changes after injection of these peptides. On the contrary, bovine fibrinopeptide A given in equimolar doses elicited none of the pulmonary responses but induced increases in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output without consistent changes in mean pulmonary or aortic pressure. These responses appeared within 3 min, increased for 5 to 10 min, and disappeared within an hour. Some possible relationships of fibrinopeptides to clinical syndromes characterized by respiratory distress, hypoxemia, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and diminished lung compliance are briefly discussed. It is speculated that the lung may be an active site of fibrinopeptide catabolism and that accelerated fibrinogen-fibrin conversion may cause pulmonary failure through fibrinopeptide-induced vasoconstriction and reduction in compliance.
Rebuttal from Authors re: Eric Wespes. The Management of Regional Lymph Nodes in Patients with Penile Carcinoma and Reliability of Sentinel Node Biopsy. Eur Urol 2007;52:15–6 and re: Vincenzo Ficarra and Antonio Galfano. Should the Dynamic Sentinel Node Biopsy (DSNB) be Considered the Gold Standard in the Evaluation of Lymph Node Status in Patients with Penile Carcinoma? Eur Urol 2007;52:17–9
Authors: Joost A.P. Leijte, Simon Horenblas
Journal: European Urology (2007)
A CASE OF ACETANILID POISONING FROM HEADACHE CAPSULES, WITH EXTREME TACHYCARDIA THE DOMINANT SYMPTOM.
Authors: FRANK B. WYNN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>History.</h3> —On July 28, 1907, Dr. A. W. Hon was called to see Mrs. F., a rather delicate woman, aged 44. She was complaining of great prostration, nausea, some dyspnea and a sense of oppression and pain in the precordial region. <h3>Examination.</h3> —I saw the patient in consultation July 30. An examination at that time revealed, besides the symptoms above enumerated, the following: Normal temperature; slight puffiness of the skin, notably of the hands and face; mild degree of palor, but no cyanosis; abdominal viscera normal; lungs negative except accelerated respiratory movements, but not a labored breathing; urine and blood negative. The conspicuous sign was an extreme grade of tachycardia. The pulse, although weak, was palpable at the wrist, but could not be counted there. The rate, as determined by auscultation and a sphygmographic tracing, was 210 (Fig. 1). The heart was small; its sounds were clear, with accentuation of
Pollution through Cleanliness?
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Pollution is a major social anxiety, and the number of pollutants astronomical. So if one more substance imposed by man on man is added to the list, the medical profession may remain as unaware of the specifics of the threat as the public at large. A case in point is that of Alcalase, the proteolytic enzyme (or enzymes) obtained from the soil organism Bacillus subtilis, which, in the form of Ajax, Biz, Burst, Cold Power, Drive, Fab, Tide, etc., has been "sloshing about in washing machines all over the world."This quotation is taken from the most comprehensive article that . . .
Angiotensin II Increases Tissue Endothelin and Induces Vascular Hypertrophy
Authors: Pierre Moreau, Livius V. d’Uscio, Sidney Shaw, Hiroyuki Takase, Matthias Barton, Thomas F. Lüscher
Journal: Circulation (1997)

In vitro studies on vascular smooth muscle cells suggest that endothelin has a stimulating effect on cellular proliferation. This study was designed to determine the endogenous effect of endothelin on angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of small arteries in vivo.Two weeks of angiotensin II administration (200 ng x kg[-1] x min[-1]) increased media thickness, media/lumen ratio, and cross-sectional area of basilar and small mesenteric arteries, confirming the proliferative properties of angiotensin II. The tissue levels of endothelin-1 were elevated in mesenteric arteries after angiotensin II administration. The administration of the selective and specific ET(A)-receptor antagonist LU135252 (50 mg x kg[-1] x d[-1]) in combination with angiotensin II prevented the changes of vascular geometry and partially reduced the increase in blood pressure induced by angiotensin II. Indeed, part of the effect on the vascular structure of the endothelin-receptor antagonist seemed pressure-independent.Our results therefore demonstrate that angiotensin II increases the production of endothelin in the blood vessel wall that, via ET(A) receptors, mediates changes in vascular structure of the cerebral and mesenteric circulation. Endothelin antagonists may therefore be of value to reduce blood pressure and to prevent vascular structural changes in conditions of increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system.
Animal model of grain worker's lung.
Authors: N Stepner, I Broder, R Baumal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

We examined the light microscopic changes in the lungs of rabbits exposed to grain dust for variable periods of time, to determine whether an animal model of grain worker's lung could be developed. Experimental animals were exposed to grain dust at a concentration of 20 mg/m3 for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week, for up to 6 months. The lungs of these rabbits demonstrated a granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis associated with exudation of mononuclear cells into the alveoli and conducting airways. These changes appeared within 5 days of the onset of exposure and reached a peak at 3 weeks but were sustained through the longest exposure interval. No abnormalities were observed in the lungs of control rabbits. These results show three points of consistency with those obtained in epidemiologic studies of grain elevator workers. First, the rapid appearance of the experimental changes suggests that the mechanism of tissue injury may not be immunologic. Second, the occurrence of the histopathologic alterations in the interstitium, alveoli, and airways corresponds with the combined restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defect described in the human epidemiologic studies. Third, the absence of lung fibrosis in rabbits exposed to dust for 6 months suggests that the pneumonitis is reversible. Thus this experimental model shows promise of helping to clarify the nature and mechanism of the adverse pulmonary effects of grain dust.
Heart Rate Response During Exercise Predicts Survival in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Gerhard-Paul Diller, Konstantinos Dimopoulos, Darlington Okonko, Anselm Uebing, Craig S. Broberg, Sonya Babu-Narayan, Stephanie Bayne, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Richard Sutton, Darrel P. Francis, Michael A. Gatzoulis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Meta-analysis: Are 3 Questions Enough to Detect Unhealthy Alcohol Use?
Authors: Levente Kriston
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Both the 10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its abbreviated 3-item version (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption [AUDIT-C]) are considered to detect unhealthy alcohol use accurately. Purpose: To examine whether the AUDIT-C is as accurate as the full AUDIT for detecting unhealthy alcohol use in adults. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and BIOSIS Previews from 1998 to July 2008. Study Selection: Three independent reviewers selected studies that administered both the AUDIT and the AUDIT-C, applied a valid reference standard, avoided verification and incorporation bias, and reported relevant data. No language restrictions were applied. Data Extraction: Two reviewers extracted study characteristics and outcome data, which were cross-checked by a third reviewer. One reviewer assessed methodological quality with a standardized checklist. Data Synthesis: Fourteen studies were found. Most involved primary care patients in Europe and the United States. Sample sizes ranged between 112 and 13 438 patients, and sex and age distributions varied considerably. No statistically significant differences were found between the overall accuracy of the AUDIT and the AUDIT-C for detecting risky drinking, alcohol use disorders, or unhealthy alcohol use in primary care. Hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis yielded pooled positive likelihood ratios of 6.62 for the AUDIT and 2.99 for the AUDIT-C, respectively, for detecting risky drinking; 4.03 and 3.82, respectively, for detecting any alcohol use disorder; and 4.82 and 3.91, respectively, for detecting risky drinking or any alcohol use disorder. Findings from a few studies on general population samples and inpatients suggested but did not prove that the AUDIT might be better than the AUDIT-C for identifying severe conditions, such as alcohol dependence. Limitation: Studies used different reference standards and had heterogeneous findings. Conclusion: Available evidence is inconclusive but suggests that the full AUDIT may be superior to the AUDIT-C for identifying unhealthy alcohol use in adults in some settings.
Abstract 3267: Inhibition of angiogenic potential of neuroblastoma cells through regulation of microRNA expression profiles by tumor suppressor gene dipeptidyl peptidase IV
Authors: Raymond Lee, Robert J. Dempsey, Umadevi V. Wesley
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood cancer of peripheral nervous system generally progress to highly angiogenic and therapy resistant fatal metastatic tumor. We have recently shown that a cell surface protease called dipeptidyl peptidase (DPPIV) is expressed in normal neural crest derived differentiated cells and its expression is lost in proliferating NB, the malignant counterpart. We also demonstrated that re-expression of DPPIV in NB cells leads to their differentiation, apoptosis, and suppression of their migratory and angiogenic potential. Importantly, DPPIV inhibits the tumorigenic potential of NB cells in a xenograft mouse model. To further identify DPPIV-responsive genes and mechanisms, we used Affymetrix microarray analysis. This study showed an association of DPPIV expression with up-regulation of thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), an angiogenesis inhibitor. Interestingly, some of the genes regulated by DPPIV are also altered by microRNA (miRNAs), indicating that at least some of the miRNAs might act as intermediate effectors in mediating DPPIV function. PCR array screening of cancer specific miRNAs, showed that DPPIV indeed alters miRNA profile in NB cells. In particular, DPPIV down-regulated miR-19a which is a part of the miR-17-92 cluster that is known to decrease THBS1 levels. Furthermore, bioinformatics data mining of Sangers MicroCosm Targets v5 predicted THBS1 as a potential target of miR-19a suggesting that down-regulation of miR19a leading to up-regulation of THBS1 was a possible mechanism involved in DPPIV tumor suppressor function. In support of this idea, silencing of DPPIV expression by RNA interference resulted in increased miR-19a and decreased THBS1 expression. Furthermore, transfection of NB cells with anti-miR-19a decreased miR19a and increased THBS1 levels as shown by real time quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Furthermore, DPPIV expression decreased the levels of cMYC, a transcription factor that up-regulates miR-19a expression. These effects were associated with decreased levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), two strong downstream pro-angiogenic factors. Taken together, our work identifies a novel and an important mechanism wherein DPPIV inhibits angiogenesis and growth of NB tumor cells through down regulation of miR-19a mediated c-MYC expression and increased expression of THBS1, an angiogenesis inhibitor. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3267. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3267
Direct endoscopic percutaneous jejunostomy placement with double balloon enteroscopy
Authors: K. Yan, M. Kelly, D. Samuel
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) provides an alternative modality of enteral feeding when percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) insertion is not feasible [1] [2]. It also has a reduced risk of complications, including aspiration, when compared with PEG [3]. The success rate of DPEJ is reportedly only 68 %, mainly secondary to inadequate transillumination or failure to pass the scope into the jejunum [4]. Serious complications, including intestinal perforation and bleeding, are also reported on removal of DPEJ by manual traction [4] [5]. We report the first case of successful DPEJ insertion by double balloon enteroscopy (DBE), and successful subsequent DPEJ tube change by DBE.
Buruli Ulcer Caused by<i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i>Subsp<i>shinshuense</i>
Authors: Mikio Ohtsuka, Nobuyuki Kikuchi, Toshiyuki Yamamoto, Tatsuo Suzutani, Kazue Nakanaga, Koichi Suzuki, Norihisa Ishii
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Buruli ulcer, a severe skin infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. Recently, cases of Buruli ulcer have been increasing in Japan. All cases have been sporadic, and to date the pathogenic organism has not been detected in materials from the environment.Three members of the same family were seen with large indurated plaques on their face and extremities in the winter of 2010. Skin biopsy specimens of their lesions showed extensive necrosis of deep dermis and subcutaneous fat. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in each biopsy specimen by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, and bacteriological analysis of cultured microorganisms revealed the strains to be M ulcerans subsp shinshuense. The patients were treated with a combination of antibiotics and surgical debridement. Insertion sequence 2404 was detected from a crayfish captured in a stagnant water channel in the backyard of the family's house.We report a rare instance of familial occurrence of Buruli ulcer in Japan. Detection of insertion sequence 2404 from a crayfish suggests that the pathogenic organism may reside in an aquatic environment in Japan, as in other endemic areas. To prevent this serious infectious disease, further investigation is needed to clarify the transmission pathway.
Blood Pressure Measurement
Authors: Henry C. Romberg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  I read with interest in QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (240:285, 1978) about blood pressures (BPs) difficult to measure because of inaudible Korotkoff sounds. This is frequently a problem in obese persons but often occurs in many patients without apparent cause. A technique that I have found extremely useful to elicit good Korotkoff sounds is as follows. After the BP cuff is applied, I ask the patient to raise his arm above his head and to open and close his fist a number of times (pump your fist). While he is doing this, I inflate the cuff to a reading of at least 250 mm Hg. I then ask the patient to lower his arm and relax his fist. A BP is then easily recorded.  Perhaps this maneuver produces louder Korotkoff sounds by accentuating the pressure difference in the artery across the area of constriction. Raising the arm would