tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacology of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion
Authors: Charles S. Winans
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This work, consisting of 18 chapters in two volumes, comprises section 39A of the<i>International Encylopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics</i>. The chapters, by well-qualified experts, review clearly and concisely the current pharmacologic concepts concerning salivary, gastric, and pancreatic secretion as well as the pharmacology of intestinal motility. Particular attention is paid to the role of histamine in gastric secretion and to the chemistry and biological actions of the intestinal hormones: gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin. Included are critical descriptions of methodology for the study in vivo and in vitro of substances affecting gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction. The individual articles are clearly written, well edited, and exceptionally well referenced. Although these volumes will find greatest use in the hands of teachers, researchers, and students concerned with function and diseases of the digestive tract, the inquisitive clinician will also enjoy refreshing and updating his knowledge of gastrointestinal pharmacology. Daniel's
Octamer 4 Small Interfering RNA Results in Cancer Stem Cell–Like Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Tingsong Hu, Shanrong Liu, Deborah R. Breiter, Fang Wang, Ying Tang, Shuhan Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Octamer 4 (Oct4), a member of the POU family of transcription factors, plays a key role in the maintenance of pluripotency and proliferation potential of embryonic stem cells. Cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCLC) are reported to be a minor population in tumors or even in tumor cell lines which also express Oct4. The role of Oct4 in CSCLCs still remains to be defined. In our study, we show that, in vitro, almost all murine Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL cells and human breast cancer MCF7 cells express Oct4 at high levels. This expression of Oct4 is successfully reduced by small interfering RNA, which eventually results in cell apoptosis. The signal pathway Oct4/Tcl1/Akt1 has been observed to be involved in this event. The repression of Oct4 reduces Tcl1 expression and further down-regulates the level of p-Ser.473-Akt1. In vivo, only approximately 5% of tumor cells were detected to express Oct4 in established 3LL and MCF7 tumor models, respectively. Small interfering RNA against Oct4 successfully decreases the CSCLCs and markedly inhibits tumor growth. In summary, we show that Oct4 might maintain the survival of CSCLCs partly through Oct4/Tcl1/Akt1 by inhibiting apoptosis, which strongly indicates that targeting Oct4 may have important clinical applications in cancer therapy.
PHYSICIANS IN MOTION PICTURES
Authors: John A. Vizzard
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor—</h3> If anyone doubts that the careers of doctors are dramatic, he has only to review a few statistics culled from the files of the Motion Picture Association of America. According to these records, doctors appeared in films 237 times in 1950, and 211 times in 1949. These figures are based on a review of 428 feature-length films approved by the Production Code Administration in 1950, and on 411 approved in 1949. On the basis of simple arithmetic, this means that doctors appeared, on the average, in every other picture! This observation is not meant to be mathematically exact, of course, since actually several or many doctors may have appeared in a single picture, as, for instance, this year's popular film from 20th-Century Fox "People Will Talk." How many times were doctors portrayed as villains? According to these charts, 13 times in 1950, but only 3 times in
Differences in UK health care after devolution
Authors: P. Donnelly
Journal: BMJ (2010)

New report raises interesting questions, and misplaced anxiety

Political devolution within the United Kingdom provides an interesting opportunity for observational research on healthcare systems. Ten years in, differences in approach between the four nations are apparent. This divergence has taken the form of markets and performance management in England, cooperative medical professionalism in Scotland, localism and public health in Wales, and permissive managerialism in Northern Ireland.1 The key questions now are what difference, if any, does this divergence in approach make to those who receive NHS services, and what should be done about it?

These questions are tackled in the latest report from the Nuffield Trust.2 The trust and the authors of the report should be congratulated for trying to tackle such a complicated subject, particularly where vested political interests are concerned. However, the report focuses mostly on input and process rather than outcome measures, and the authors acknowledge that their analysis was hampered by a lack of comparable data, particularly on waiting times—a challenge that others including the NHS confederation have previously highlighted.3 They also suggest that the report is best regarded as an interim report and promise a further comparative work that uses a more regional approach. This is welcome, although promoting the north east of England as the comparator of choice for Scotland and Wales merits careful consideration, and it is unclear …
A Novel Approach to Endoscopic Colorectal Mucosal Resection Using a Three-Channel Outer Tube and Multiple Forceps: An Experimental Assessment
Authors: M. Mukai, H. lwase, S. Himeno, M. Ishii, S. Yasuda, H. Nakazaki, H. Makuuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has limitations both anatomically and technically when it is done using the conventional snare wire method. The aim of this study was to develop a new method and instrument for colorectal EMR.
No Association Between The Gly971 Arg Variant of the Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Gene and NIDDM in the Taiwanese Population
Authors: Lee-Ming Chuang, Chuen-Shianf Lai, Jih-I Yeh, Huey-Peir Wu, Tong-Yuan Tai, Boniface J Lin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To study the role of the Gly971Arg variant of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) gene in the development of NIDDM in the Chinese population living in Taiwan.A total of 82 unrelated normal control subjects, 89 subjects with NIDDM, and 23 multiplex families were recruited in Taiwan. All of them were Han Chinese. Pedigree members without a history of diabetes were studies by the standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Detection of the Gly971Arg variant of the IRS-1 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis.The frequency of Gly971Arg variant of the IRS-1 gene in the normal population was 1.2% which was lower than frequencies reported in white populations. The prevalence of the Gly971Arg variant was not significantly increased in both the nonselected NIDDM population (1.1%) and the probands of the multiplex families (4.3%). More importantly, the Gly971Arg variant of the IRS-1 gene did not cosegregate with BMI and NIDDM in these families,The Gly971Arg variant of the IRS-1 gene is an infrequent normal allele among Taiwanese. This variant is neither associated nor cosegregated with NIDDM in the Taiwanese population and families. Gly971Arg of IRS-1 gene does not play an important role in the development of NIDDM in this population.
Avian and mammalian hippocampus: No degrees of freedom in evolution of function
Authors: Michael Colombo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Aboitiz et al. suggest that the mammalian isocortex is derived from the dorsal cortex of reptiles and birds, and that there has been a major divergence in the connectivity patterns (and hence function) of the mammalian and reptilian/avian hippocampus. There is considerable evidence to suggest, however, that the avian hippocampus serves the exact same function as the mammalian hippocampus.
Behaviour Therapy in the Management of Patients with Anorexia nervosa
Authors: S.W. Touyz, P.J.V. Beumont, S.M. Dunn
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Many different treatment approaches have been advocated for anorexia nervosa, and most clinicians now incorporate some aspects of behaviour modification in refeeding an emaciated patient. Traditional operant programmes have required the patient to spend prolonged periods of time confined to a solitary existence in a bedroom devoid of her normal possessions. The present paper evaluated the rate of weight gain in 68 patients with anorexia nervosa (100 consecutive admissions to a specialised eating disorders unit) using a lenient, flexible approach to refeeding. Despite this more humane approach, similar results were achieved when compared to other more rigid behavioural programmes in that they gained 0.16 kg/day. This finding is discussed in the context of the rigid application of behavioural programmes which can be seen as punitive, undermine the patient's co-operation and destroy any therapeutic relationship which may develop.
Abstract LB-268: RTVP-1 regulates glioma cell migration and podosome formation via interaction with N-WASP
Authors: Jae Kyung Lee, Amotz Ziv Av, Cunli Xiang, Simona Cazacu, Susan Finniss, Nis Giladi, Mira Barda-Saad, Chaya Brodie
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Gliomas, the most frequent primary brain tumor are characterized by increased proliferation and invasion into the surrounding normal brain tissue. In a recent study we reported that RTVP-1 is highly expressed in gliomas and that its expression is correlated with the degree of malignancy of astrocytic tumors. In addition, RTVP-1 is involved in the regulation of the growth, survival, and migration of glioma cells. To further delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of RTVP-1 in glioma cells we performed a pull down assay using His-tagged RTVP-1 followed by mass spectroscopy, and found that RTVP-1 was associated with the actin polymerization regulator, N-WASP. The association of RTVP-1 and N-WASP was further validated by co-immunoprecipitation and FRET analysis. Since N-WASP regulates cell spreading and migration we examined the role of RTVP-1 in these processes. We found that overexpression of RTVP-1 increased, whereas silencing of this protein decreased cell spreading and migration of glioma cells. The effect of RTVP-1 was mediated by N-WASP since silencing of N-WASP abolished RTVP-1 effects. In addition, RTVP-1 increased podosome formation in glioma cells and this effect was also mediated via its interaction with N-WASP. Moreover, the association of RTVP-1 and N-WASP was increased during cell spreading and appeared to be localized to contact areas of the spreading cells with the extracellular matrix. Another protein which was found by the pull down assay to interact with RTVP-1 is hnRNPK. This protein has been recently reported to associate with and to inhibit the effect of N-WASP on cell spreading. Using co-immunoprecipitation and FRET analysis we validated the interactions of hnRNPK with N-WASP and RTVP-1 in glioma cells. In addition, using co-immunoprecipitation studies, we found that overexpression of RTVP-1 decreased the association of N-WASP and hnRNPK, therefore suggesting that RTVP-1 may activate N-WASP by decreasing its association with hnRNPK. In summary, we report that RTVP-1 regulates glioma cell spreading, migration and invasion and that these effects are mediated via interaction with N-WASP and by interfering with the inhibitory effect of hnRNPK on the function of N-WASP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-268.
Chest Pain in Heart-Transplant Recipients
Authors: John S. Schroeder, Sharon A. Hunt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

THE article by Stark et al.1 in this issue of the Journal is an important addition to the evolving understanding of the physiology of the transplanted heart. These investigators have previously used measurements of the myocardial release of norepinephrine in response to the administration of tyramine to demonstrate the lack of such release in patients soon after cardiac transplantation, as well as the resumption of more normal release, believed to indicate at least partial sympathetic reinnervation, in later years in a high percentage of recipients.2 Although in the majority of animal models of heart transplantation early functional sympathetic reinnervation has . . .
BMA is meeting change with outraged reaction rather than adaptation
Authors: C. Cray
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Hooray for editorial registrars! Douglas Carnall has bravely tackled the fundamental problems facing representative organisations such as the BMA.1 The association has recruited and accredited a new nationwide echelon of local medical politicians numbering roughly 4000, but the development of local negotiating committees may become a lost opportunity. Despite excellent work by officials in setting up and training local negotiators in industrial relations, media presentation, and …
Screening and Accountability
Authors: Harold D. Cross
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Woo et al<sup>1</sup>on screening procedures in the healthy adult raises the issue of how to improve physician performance when using previously agreed on minimum standards (specific tests to be done or questions asked). Screening procedures expose one's inconsistencies—as by definition the procedure has been planned for a specific reason. Therefore, the failure to get the data or the response to the results when they are abnormal is conspicuous. We reported a similar poor performance level by physicians when, by planning and agreement, the minimum history and physical data for treating patients with the specific problems of myocardial infarction, hip fracture, and cholecystitis were defined.<sup>2</sup> There is a simple solution to this problem of failing to get the data, identical in practice to balancing one's financial accounts at the end of each day. The physician decides that he is to be accountable
Role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 pathway in repression of liver X receptor-alpha-dependent lipogenic gene induction and hepatic steatosis by a novel class of dithiolethiones
Authors: Seong Hwan Hwahng, Sung Hwan Ki, Eun Ju Bae, Hyun Eun Kim, Sang Geon Kim
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Dithiolethiones, a novel class of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators, prevent insulin resistance through AMPK-dependent p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 (S6K1) inhibition. There is no known effect of S6K1 for liver X receptor-alpha (LXRα)-mediated lipogenic gene expression and steatosis, a cause of chronic liver disease. This study investigated the role of S6K1 in LXRα activation and the effects of oltipraz (prototype) and other dithiolethiones on LXRα-dependent lipogenesis in hepatocytes and high-fat diet animal model. Oltipraz prevented the ability of LXRα agonist (T0901317) to activate sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), inhibiting its own mRNA and protein induction. Impaired SREBP-1c activity by oltipraz caused inhibition of LXRα-induced transcription of the fatty acid synthase, LXRα, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 genes. S6K1 activation antagonized the inhibitory effect of oltipraz on SREBP-1c activation, whereas dominant negative (DN) mutant S6K1 and rapamycin inhibited the T0901317-induced SREBP-1c expression. Oltipraz impaired LXRα DNA binding activity and LXR agonist-induced CYP7A1-LXRE-luciferase (CYP7A1) transactivation. Moreover, in vitro S6K1 directly phosphorylated LXRα at serine residues for gene transactivation, which was antagonized by its DN mutant. S6K1 inhibition antagonized CYP7A1 induction promoted by AMPK inhibition, whereas AMPK activation abrogated S6K1-dependent CYP7A1 induction, supporting the opposing role of S6K1 and AMPK in LXR activity. Finally, oltipraz was found to inhibit hepatic triglyceride accumulation and lipogenic gene induction in mice fed a high-fat diet. Other dithiolethiones also inhibited SREBP-1c induction by T0901317. Conclusion: Our findings showing the role of AMPK-S6K1 pathway in LXR activity and S6K1-dependent inhibition of LXRα-induced lipogenic gene transactivation by a novel class of dithiolethiones led to the identification of S6K1 as a particularly attractive target for intervention in hepatic steatosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Cytopathogenic protein in filtrates from cultures of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with Kawasaki disease.
Authors: S Tomita, H Kato, T Fujimoto, O Inoue, Y Koga, N Kuriya
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Propionibacterium acnes may have a role in Kawasaki disease. Filtrates from cultures of P acnes isolated from cervical lymph node biopsy specimens and blood samples from patients with Kawasaki disease were studied and compared with samples from control subjects. After inoculation of human embryo liver cells with filtrates from the patients a cytopathogenic effect and vacuolation were seen. A specific cytopathogenic substance was found in only the filtrates of cultures from patients with Kawasaki disease; it was a protein of about isoelectric point 7.0 with a molecular weight of about 100,000 daltons. The amount of IgG antibody to this cytopathogenic protein was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples taken from 63 patients in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (mean 5.2 (SD 1.1) days after onset of illness), 45 in the subacute phase (mean 23.6 (3.3) days), and 51 in the convalescent phase (mean 18.5 (4.1) months) and from 102 control subjects matched for age. Titres of IgG antibody were significantly raised in patients with Kawasaki disease, particularly in the acute and subacute phases of the illness, compared with in the control subjects. Titres of IgG antibodies to cytopathogenic protein were found to be low in normal children below the age of 4 years but they increased with age thereafter. This may explain why outbreaks of Kawasaki disease, which is most common in children aged under 4, occur every three years.
Focus: Westminster: Sir Duncan Nichol breaks new ground
Authors: J Warden
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Health is not a priority on the British political conference circuit this autumn. Among the opposition parties health policy remains in a state of transition between discussion and decision. Labour and the Liberal Democrats talk of crisis but nothing so imminent that their remedies cannot wait: the 1995 conference season will be soon enough. The ruling Conservatives bask in self congratulation and await a conference speech by Virginia Bottomley, the health secretary, on “Making the NHS even better.” This twin impression of lethargy and complacency intensifies the feeling that the politicians cannot rise above the level of events and adopt a more visionary approach to the NHS.

In the absence of any strong political lead the debate on the NHS's future is being pursued elsewhere. A recent example was the idea floated …
No funding for NICE treatment
Authors: N. D Jones
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Background</h3> The current treatment for psoriasis depends on the severity of the disease, in mild disease topical therapies alone, and with increasing disease severity in combination with phototherapy and/or traditional systemic therapy (methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin) or biologics agents. Apremilast is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, able to down-regulate the inflammatory associated with psoriasis. An oral option for treating chronic moderate/severe plaque psoriasis (PP) in adults whose disease has not responded to other therapies or are contraindicated/not tolerated. <h3>Purpose</h3> To report the hospital cases of moderate/severe PP treated with apremilast, describing patients’ profile and analysing the efficacy and safety of apremilast. <h3>Material and methods</h3> A retrospective case series. We reviewed the clinical history of the patients with moderate/severe PP treated with apremilast until August 2018. To assess the severity of the disease: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) or% of body surface area (BSA). Moderate disease: PASI≥10 or 5%–10% of BSA; severe disease: PASI&gt;20 or BSA &gt;10%. Adequate response to treatment: 90%, 75% or 50% reduction (improvement) from baseline in PASI score (PASI90, PASI75 or PASI50) at 16 weeks. We investigated previous treatments from the beginning of the disease, analysed the efficacy of apremilast collecting the PASI or BSA scores at the beginning, after 16 and 32 weeks, and collected the adverse events during the treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Eighteen patients, 83% men, mean age 52 (±12) years. Three patients suffered PP and psoriatic arthritis. Previous treatment: 83% (15) topical therapies and 17% (three) phototherapy. Sixty-seven per cent (12) had received prior systemic therapy with conventional agents and 17% (three) biologic agents. At the start of apremilast: five patients suffered severe disease, nine moderate disease and one without data. Three patients were unmeasurable because of the recent start of apremilast. Sixty per cent (nine) of patients achieved PASI75/PASI90 from baseline at week 16, thirty-three per cent (five) PASI50% and 7% (one) without improvement. Maintenance improvement at week 32 (21% without data): 64%. During treatment six gastrointestinal adverse events, one atrial fibrillation and two cholesterol increased. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Almost all patients had received prior systemic therapy with conventional agents and/or biologics. The use of premilast has some advantages including oral administration, being well tolerated and with a safer profile. It will likely be of value to these patients and those who may not be candidates for biologics. <h3>References and/or acknowledgements</h3> No conflict of interest.
THE ABSENCE OF SEVERE CORONARY STENOSIS (&amp;ge;70&amp;percnt;) ON CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY RELIABLY EXCLUDES MODERATE TO SEVERE ISCHEMIA ON MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: Huilin Koh, Swee Yaw Tan, Nadira Hamid, Terrance Chua, John Allen, Rachel Ng, Felix Keng, Foong Koon Cheah, Stanley Chia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Addictive Process in Unusual Addictions: A Further Elaboration of Etiology
Authors: MANUEL M. PEARSON, RALPH B. LITTLE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Addiction is more precisely comprehended by understanding the personality of the addict rather than the chemical or physiological properties of the addicting agent. The addict has a unique relationship with his chosen addicting substance; without this agent he cannot deal with the stressful factors in his life. The authors present case reports of patients addicted to nose drops and water. This was a form of unsuccessful self-treatment in which the addicts used an external mechanism of defense to solve their problems.
Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: John T. Harrington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The past several years have seen a rising tide of discontent with many aspects of the otherwise quite successful federal End-Stage Renal-Disease Program. Societal concern over the declining percentage of patients receiving treatment at home, the ballooning costs of the program, the wide variability in dialysis rates from state to state, and the increasing number of patients overall has been discussed extensively in the Journal.1 2 3 In addition to these broader social and economic problems, important medical problems also persist, including a continued high rate of rejection in recipients of cadaveric grafts and an excessive rate of infection in all . . .