tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of an Abdominal Aortic Graft Abscess by Combined Ultrasonography and Scintigraphy
Authors: ALAN J. SIMPSON, JAN K. ASTIN, MARC R. PECK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

A case of an abdominal aortic graft abscess is presented to demonstrate a diagnostic approach using “B” mode ultrasonography and gallium scintigraphy.
Radionuclide Applications in Neurology and Neurosurgery
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The editors of this volume, recognizing the rapid expansion in the use of radioactive isotopes, offer this book as a convenient and basic reference to which those interested in the nervous system can add newer information. The value of these radioactive nuclides depends on the minute amounts used (so they do not load the system studied) and the use of external means of evaluating their distribution. Thus, radioactive sodium and other ions are used to study the blood-brain barrier and cerebral edema; xenon and other materials enable the investigator to study blood flow by inhalation or by intra-arterial or intravenous injections. The diagnosis of brain lesions by intravenously injected positron and gamma-emitting isotopes have made "brain scanning" a common screening technique for the presence of intracranial lesions; more recently, the isotopes have been used to scan the spinal subarachnoid space. Injections into the spinal fluid permit introduction of materials carried
Re: The Role of SATB1 in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis
Authors: T. Kohwi-Shigematsu, H.-j. Han, J. Russo, Y. Kohwi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

The MDA-MB-231, BT549, and SKBR3 cells, described above, were authenticated by American Type Culture Collection by karyotyping and isoenzyme analysis. Date of this authentication are undetermined.



The authors had full responsibility for the design of the study, the collection of the data, the analysis and interpretation of the data, the decision to submit the manuscript for publication, and the writing of the manuscript.
Estrogen Receptor in Breast Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: Good Cop, Bad Cop?
Authors: Andrea DeCensi, Giancarlo Pruneri, Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2011.40.7494 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print March 5, 2012 PMID: 22393083 Estrogen Receptor in Breast Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: Good Cop, Bad Cop? Andrea DeCensixAndrea DeCensiSearch for articles by this author , Giancarlo PrunerixGiancarlo PruneriSearch for articles by this author , Aliana Guerrieri-GonzagaxAliana Guerrieri-GonzagaSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.40.7494 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2012 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Afghan farmers should be licensed to grow poppies for morphine, Senlis Council says
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Poppy eradication programmes in Afghanistan are failing to halt heroin production and are driving farmers into the arms of the Taliban, says a report released this week. It urges NATO and the Afghan government to license poppy cultivation for the production of opiate medicines.

The report comes from the Senlis Council, an international foreign policy think tank that focuses on counter-narcotics policy. The group has offices in Kabul and field offices in Helmand and Kandahar provinces.

Norine MacDonald, president of the council, called for a halt to chemical spraying operations planned for the next planting season. “There should be no crop eradication, manual or chemical, until the …
A Simple Method of Delivery in Difficult Breech Cases
Authors: C. E. Underhill
Journal: BMJ (1879)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.573 (2) that the sanguineo-lymphatic temperament is the usual predisposing diathetic cause;(3) that exhaustion of nerve-force, especially through the brain, is the common exciting cause; (4) that it is not inflammatory in na.ture, nor accompanied by pyrexia; (5) that the vascular system, probably through the vaso-motor nerves, is principally involved in the production of the objective phenomena; and (6) that the affection or disease itself consists essentially of a passive congestion of the venous plexuses within the vertebral canal, which induces pressure on the nervous structures to which they correspond, either directly from increase of calibre from dilatation, or indirectly from inducing a certain amount of local oedema in the spinal membranes.This theory of the pathological anatomy of one form at least of irritable spine is, of course, in the absence of any opportunity of lost mortem examination, based entirely on a study of the symptomatology of the affection, and as such only it is brought forward on this occasion.
Improving care in accident and emergency departments
Authors: L. A Wallis
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Many articles have highlighted deficiencies in the care delivered by accident and emergency departments in the United Kingdom. We examined the provision of services in these UK departments, on the basis of a systematic review of the literature and an analysis of papers critical of the services.

#### Summary points

Many articles have criticised the standard of care delivered by accident and emergency departments

Most care in accident and emergency departments is delivered by senior house officers

To improve the standard of care, more middle and senior grade doctors are needed

Senior house officers should be allowed to spend an introductory period shadowing more experienced doctors

We hand searched the Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine (now the Emergency Medicine Journal ) for research or audit articles critical of accident and emergency care published from January 1996 to December 2000. For the same period we also conducted a literature search using Medline and Embase (with the WebSpirs interface) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (under the search term “accident and emergency”). Articles were included if they primarily criticised management of accident and emergency departments or if they highlighted some deficiency in care or suggested that a specific area might be improved on.

Emergency medicine in other countries is organised differently from that in the United Kingdom, so we excluded papers describing emergency care outside the United Kingdom. We also excluded case reports and nursing journals (as we tried to focus on problems with medical care). From here on, we use the term “emergency” to denote “accident and emergency.”

We found 56 relevant articles (see references w1-w56 on the BMJ 's website). Some problems were identified by more than one paper; problems were found in 35 different areas (table). Some of the identified problems were specific (for example, giving advice to women on oral contraception …
Endoscopic Removal of Foreign Bodies in the Large Bowel
Authors: G. Viceconte, G.W. Viceconte, G. Bogliolo, V. Pietropaolo, A. Dell'Anna, A. Montori
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

Endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from the intestinal tract is an extremely useful method. In our series, foreign bodies passing down from the upper intestinal tract were removed endoscopically from the rectum and colon of 13 patients. No complications were observed. It can be concluded that endoscopy is a simple, safe and effective method which, in many cases, avoids surgical procedures.
(3) Acquired ichthyosis and unclassified lymphoma
Authors: MJ. Cheesbrough, P.D.C. Kinmont
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article (3) Acquired ichthyosis and unclassified lymphoma Get access MJ. Cheesbrough, MJ. Cheesbrough General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D.C. Kinmont P.D.C. Kinmont General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue s16, 1 December 1978, Pages 26–27, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb15225.x Published: 01 December 1978
Danger . . . Vapor Harmful: Spot-Remover Sniffing
Authors: Iris F. Litt, Michael I. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

ON every label of a popular spot remover (Carbona) appears the warning: "Danger . . . Vapor Harmful." In spite of it, spot-remover sniffing is becoming popular among adolescents as yet another method for getting "high." The purpose of this paper is to alert physicians to the potential dangers of this habit.Trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane are the main components of the spot remover. These chemicals are widely used in the cleaning industry, where Federal law requires their concentration in the air to be maintained below 100 ppm. Accidental inhalation has been associated with encephalopathic symptoms and peripheral neuropathy.1 As Trilene, . . .
Influence of Education and Occupation on the Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yaakov Stern
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Several cross-sectional studies have found an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and limited educational experience. It has been difficult to establish whether educational experience is a risk factor for AD because educational attainment can influence performance on diagnostic tests. This study was designed to determine whether limited educational level and occupational attainment are risk factors for incident dementia. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort incidence study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —General community. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 593 nondemented individuals aged 60 years or older who were listed in a registry of individuals at risk for dementia in North Manhattan, NY, were identified and followed up. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —We reexamined subjects 1 to 4 years later with the identical standardized neurological and neuropsychological measures. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Incident dementia. <h3>Results.</h3> —We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age and gender, to estimate the relative risk (RR) of incident dementia associated with low educational and occupational attainment. Of the 593 subjects, 106 became demented; all but five of these met research criteria for AD. The risk of dementia was increased in subjects with either low education (RR, 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 3.06) or low lifetime occupational attainment (RR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.32 to 3.84). Risk was greatest for subjects with both low education and low life-time occupational attainment (RR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.32 to 3.84). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The data suggest that increased educational and occupational attainment may reduce the risk of incident AD, either by decreasing ease of clinical detection of AD or by imparting a reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1004-1010)
Achieving a balance.
Authors: A. H. Henderson, M. D. Joy, D. A. Chamberlain, G. E. Sowton
Journal: BMJ (1988)

It is accepted that human pregnancy is associated with a shift away from Th1 type and a bias toward Th2-type immune responses. The molecular mechanisms that regulate this shift are as yet unknown. We assessed the expression and activity of NF-κB, a transcription factor that plays a central role in regulating immune responses. We isolated T cells from PBMCs from nonpregnant and pregnant females and demonstrated that the NF-κB/IκB signaling pathway is down-regulated in T cells in pregnancy. Using Western blotting, high levels of NF-κB (p65) were detected in all nuclear fractions of T cells from nonpregnant females. In contrast, low levels of p65 were detected in nuclear fractions from T cells from pregnant females. Levels of IκBα and -β were also higher in cytoplasmic fractions from T cells from nonpregnant than from pregnant females. The reduction in p65 levels in pregnancy was reflected in the activity of NF-κB in EMSA; T cells from pregnant females contain less active NF-κB than from nonpregnant females. Stimulation of T cells from nonpregnant females with PMA/ionomycin resulted in IκBα degradation, p65 translocation, and subsequent production of the Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2. In contrast, PMA stimulation had no effect on NF-κB activity in T cells from pregnant females, and this was reflected in reduced Th1 cytokine production. Using the inhibitor of NF-κB activity, SN50, we were able to show that NF-κB activity was essential for the production of Th1 cytokines, suggesting that specific down-regulation of NF-κB in T cells throughout gestation is paramount to pregnancy success through specific regulation of cytokine production.
Lentiviral Delivery of RNAi for In Vivo Lineage-Specific Modulation of Gene Expression in Mouse Lung Macrophages
Authors: Andrew A Wilson, Letty W Kwok, Emily L Porter, Julie G Payne, Gregory S McElroy, Sarah J Ohle, Sara R Greenhill, Matthew T Blahna, Kazuko Yamamoto, Jyh C Jean, Joseph P Mizgerd, Darrell N Kotton
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Although RNA interference (RNAi) has become a ubiquitous laboratory tool since its discovery 12 years ago, in vivo delivery to selected cell types remains a major technical challenge. Here, we report the use of lentiviral vectors for long-term in vivo delivery of RNAi selectively to resident alveolar macrophages (AMs), key immune effector cells in the lung. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of this approach by RNAi-based downregulation of p65 (RelA), a component of the pro-inflammatory transcriptional regulator, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and a key participant in lung disease pathogenesis. In vivo RNAi delivery results in decreased induction of NF-κB and downstream neutrophilic chemokines in transduced AMs as well as attenuated lung neutrophilia following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Through concurrent delivery of a novel lentiviral reporter vector (lenti-NF-κB-luc-GFP) we track in vivo expression of NF-κB target genes in real time, a critical step towards extending RNAi-based therapy to longstanding lung diseases. Application of this system reveals that resident AMs persist in the airspaces of mice following the resolution of LPS-induced inflammation, thus allowing these localized cells to be used as effective vehicles for prolonged RNAi delivery in disease settings. Although RNA interference (RNAi) has become a ubiquitous laboratory tool since its discovery 12 years ago, in vivo delivery to selected cell types remains a major technical challenge. Here, we report the use of lentiviral vectors for long-term in vivo delivery of RNAi selectively to resident alveolar macrophages (AMs), key immune effector cells in the lung. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of this approach by RNAi-based downregulation of p65 (RelA), a component of the pro-inflammatory transcriptional regulator, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and a key participant in lung disease pathogenesis. In vivo RNAi delivery results in decreased induction of NF-κB and downstream neutrophilic chemokines in transduced AMs as well as attenuated lung neutrophilia following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Through concurrent delivery of a novel lentiviral reporter vector (lenti-NF-κB-luc-GFP) we track in vivo expression of NF-κB target genes in real time, a critical step towards extending RNAi-based therapy to longstanding lung diseases. Application of this system reveals that resident AMs persist in the airspaces of mice following the resolution of LPS-induced inflammation, thus allowing these localized cells to be used as effective vehicles for prolonged RNAi delivery in disease settings.
The effect of adenovirus-mediated siRNA targeting BMPR-II on UHMWPE-induced osteoclast formation
Authors: Yang Wang, Ning-Ning Wu, Yu-Qin Mu, Ran-Xi Zhang, Min Hu, Rui-Dong Li, Liang Chen, Bai-Cheng He, Zhong-Liang Deng
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
The Economic Costs of Diabetes: Is It Time for a New Treatment Paradigm?
Authors: William H. Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

In a series of rigorous and exhaustive descriptive cost analyses conducted over the past decade, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has documented an inexorable increase in the cost of diabetes in the U.S. and its detrimental impact on productivity (1–3). For the 2012 study, the ADA estimated that there were 22.3 million Americans diagnosed with diabetes (3). These patients incurred $306 billion in direct medical costs, more than 1 of 5 dollars spent on medical care in the U.S. (3). The direct medical costs attributed to diabetes, that is, the costs of medical care for people with diabetes in excess of those that would be expected in the absence of diabetes, were $176 billion or approximately 1 of 8 dollars spent on medical care in the U.S. (3). Americans with diagnosed diabetes have annual medical expenditures that are $7,900 or approximately 2.3 times higher than they would be in the absence of diabetes ($13,700 vs. $5,800) (3). Americans with diabetes also incur $69 billion in costs related to absenteeism, reduced productivity while at work or at home, diabetes-related disability, and premature mortality (3). The increasing economic burden of diabetes is due in large part to the increase in the number of people with diagnosed diabetes. The estimated number of Americans with diagnosed diabetes increased from 12.1 million in 2002 to 17.5 million in 2007 to …
Effects of acute euglycemic hyperinsulinemia on urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion and plasma endothelin-1 levels in men with essential hypertension and normotensive controls
Authors: Andrzej Surdacki, Michal Nowicki, Joerg Sandmann, Dimitrios Tsikas, Olga Kruszelnicka-Kwiatkowska, Franciszek Kokot, Jacek S. Dubiel, Juergen C. Froelich
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: recommendations from an expert panel on behalf of the European LeukemiaNet
Authors: Miguel A. Sanz, David Grimwade, Martin S. Tallman, Bob Lowenberg, Pierre Fenaux, Elihu H. Estey, Tomoki Naoe, Eva Lengfelder, Thomas Büchner, Hartmut Döhner, Alan K. Burnett, Francesco Lo-Coco
Journal: Blood (2008)
Design and physicochemical characterisation of novel dissolving polymeric microneedle arrays for transdermal delivery of high dose, low molecular weight drugs
Authors: Maelíosa T.C. McCrudden, Ahlam Zaid Alkilani, Cian M. McCrudden, Emma McAlister, Helen O. McCarthy, A. David Woolfson, Ryan F. Donnelly
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)

We describe formulation and evaluation of novel dissolving polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays for the facilitated delivery of low molecular weight, high dose drugs. Ibuprofen sodium was used as the model here and was successfully formulated at approximately 50% w/w in the dry state using the copolymer poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid). These MNs were robust and effectively penetrated skin in vitro, dissolving rapidly to deliver the incorporated drug. The delivery of 1.5mg ibuprofen sodium, the theoretical mass of ibuprofen sodium contained within the dry MN alone, was vastly exceeded, indicating extensive delivery of the drug loaded into the baseplates. Indeed in in vitro transdermal delivery studies, approximately 33mg (90%) of the drug initially loaded into the arrays was delivered over 24h. Iontophoresis produced no meaningful increase in delivery. Biocompatibility studies and in vivo rat skin tolerance experiments raised no concerns. The blood plasma ibuprofen sodium concentrations achieved in rats (263μgml(-1) at the 24h time point) were approximately 20 times greater than the human therapeutic plasma level. By simplistic extrapolation of average weights from rats to humans, a MN patch design of no greater than 10cm(2) could cautiously be estimated to deliver therapeutically-relevant concentrations of ibuprofen sodium in humans. This work, therefore, represents a significant progression in exploitation of MN for successful transdermal delivery of a much wider range of drugs.
The Schick Status of 18,000 Young Adult Males
Authors: Jane Worcester, F. S. Cheever
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE incidence of diphtheria in the United States as a whole declined from 1924 to 1945. However, in 1945 there were 18,606 cases of the disease — a larger number than had been reported since 1939. The various sections of the country did not share alike in this increase. Table 1, which presents the cases during the period 1939–1947, shows that in New England, for example, the number of cases reported in 1946 was approximately three times that reported in 1943. In the Mountain states, on the other hand, the reported cases varied relatively little. The average annual case rates, also . . .
Key issues in the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis
Authors: H. Milburn
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Dr Philip Ellman was an outstanding physician and master of both respiratory medicine and rheumatology, appreciating the frequent link between joint disease and diseases of the chest. Tuberculosis (TB) is a condition which occurs with increasing frequency in respiratory medicine, in rheumatology and in virtually every other speciality of medicine and surgery. This review covers some of the important issues surrounding TB today—current epidemiology, susceptibility to infection, some new diagnostic techniques and the particular difficulties in managing patients treated with new immuno-modulating drugs such as the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha blockers. The treatment of TB is not included as this has changed very little since Dr Wallace Fox gave a comprehensive account to the Society in 1976.1
Embracing Cicely Saunders's concept of total pain
Authors: Chi-Keong Ong, Duncan Forbes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The release of the government's latest report on health inequalities on 11 August was curious. 1 2 Reminiscent of the covert release of the Black report on August bank holiday in 1980, the report appeared when the minister for public health was on holiday and her deputy unavailable. Personal trainersIn July 2003 the government stated that there would be an annual report from the Department of Health on health inequality indicators related to the health inequality targets.Nothing appeared for more than two years, although the data that were eventually released had been available for some time, 3 and when they did appear it was, conveniently, after the election.Even stranger, the press release for the latest report deflected attention from the key finding of widening inequalities in life expectancy and infant mortality by headlining the 12 "early adopter sites" with their "health trainers." 4 The minister said, "Many people have difficulty in changing to a healthier way of life . . .Health trainers are one of the many initiatives in the white paper which will help narrow this gap by supporting people to make healthier choices in their daily lives." 4 To Labour traditionalists, opposed to victim blaming approaches to health promotion, this may have triggered memories of Conservative minister Edwina Currie admonishing the poor to buy cheap but healthy food.To New Labour, however, it may be grist to the mill.