tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Legal Responsibility for Actions of Physicians' Assistants
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

THERE is currently a great deal of interest in so-called "physicians' assistants" as a partial answer to the manpower shortage in the health-care field. Most of the legal attention has been given to licensing-registration of such personnel. Two previous columns have been concerned with the registration issues.1 , 2 Another serious legal problem in this field is the legal responsibility of the physician for clinical actions of his assistant. There are very few court cases specifically related to this question. Therefore, the 1971 Louisiana case of Thompson vs. Brent is of particular importance.3 In this case, the physician employed a "medical assistant" . . .
Association between hepatocellular apoptosis and inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: P.S. Ribeiro, H. Cortez-Pinto, S. Sola, R.E. Castro, A. Baptista, M.E. Camilo, M.C. Moura, C.M.P. Rodrigues
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Acute gouty arthritis. Special management considerations in alcoholic patients
Authors: D. J. Nashel
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The initial treatment of acute gout is normally accomplished with the use of oral colchicine or one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, in the setting of chronic alcoholism, the use of these agents may pose a significant risk to the patient. Prior to the use of antigout medications, the alcoholic patient should be assessed for the presence of gastrointestinal disease, anemia, and hepatic or renal dysfunction. The safest treatment in an alcoholic is intravenous colchicine or only analgesics. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:58-59)
PORCINE CONTAGIOUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA
Authors: Richard E. Shope, David C. White, Grace Leidy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Hemophilus pleuropneumoniae is highly pathogenic for swine when given intranasally. As few as 100 organisms induce characteristic porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP) and, when as many as one-half million are given, the infection usually proceeds to a fatal termination. While the organism is highly pathogenic when introduced by way of the respiratory tract, it is innocuous when given subcutaneously even in large numbers. Swine that have been inoculated subcutaneously are rendered solidly immune to infection with H. pleuropneumoniae intranasally. The marked pathogenicity of H. pleuropneumoniae for swine has been contrasted with the lack of pathogenicity of another swine Hemophilus, H. influenzae suis. It has been pointed out that, in its high degree of pathogenicity, in its pneumotropism, and in its immunogenicity by a non-respiratory route of inoculation, H. pleuropneumoniae appears to resemble certain viruses more than it does a bacterium.
Dasatinib in Imatinib-Resistant Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Leukemias
Authors: Moshe Talpaz, Neil P. Shah, Hagop Kantarjian, Nicholas Donato, John Nicoll, Ron Paquette, Jorge Cortes, Susan O'Brien, Claude Nicaise, Eric Bleickardt, M. Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, Vishwanath Iyer, Tai-Tsang Chen, Fei Huang, Arthur P. Decillis, Charles L. Sawyers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is effective in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph-positive) leukemias, but relapse occurs, mainly as a result of the outgrowth of leukemic subclones with imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL mutations. We evaluated dasatinib, a BCR-ABL inhibitor that targets most imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL mutations, in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Patients with various phases of CML or with Ph-positive ALL who could not tolerate or were resistant to imatinib were enrolled in a phase 1 dose-escalation study. Dasatinib (15 to 240 mg per day) was administered orally in four-week treatment cycles, once or twice daily.A complete hematologic response was achieved in 37 of 40 patients with chronic-phase CML, and major hematologic responses were seen in 31 of 44 patients with accelerated-phase CML, CML with blast crisis, or Ph-positive ALL. In these two phases, the rates of major cytogenetic response were 45 percent and 25 percent, respectively. Responses were maintained in 95 percent of patients with chronic-phase disease and in 82 percent of patients with accelerated-phase disease, with a median follow-up more than 12 months and 5 months, respectively. Nearly all patients with lymphoid blast crisis and Ph-positive ALL had a relapse within six months. Responses occurred among all BCR-ABL genotypes, with the exception of the T315I mutation, which confers resistance to both dasatinib and imatinib in vitro. Myelosuppression was common but not dose-limiting.Dasatinib induces hematologic and cytogenetic responses in patients with CML or Ph-positive ALL who cannot tolerate or are resistant to imatinib. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00064233 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Conduction Disorders in the Canine Proximal His-Purkinje System Following Acute Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: NABIL EL-SHERIF, BENJAMIN J. SCHERLAG, RALPH LAZZARA
Journal: Circulation (1974)

An intra-His bundle lesion developed in 26 out of 38 dogs (68%) that survived the initial period of arrhythmias that followed ligation of the anterior septal artery. The lesion was isolated in the His bundle in ten experiments and was associated with bundle branch block in 16. The evolution of intra-His bundle block (IHBB) was evaluated utilizing standard ECG leads, catheter electrode, and plunge wire recordings from the His bundle and bundle branches. In all experiments the His bundle potential recorded by the catheter electrode was split into at least two distinct deflections (H 1 and H 2 ). This was always associated with a progressive increase of the H 1 -V interval and represented "first degree IHBB." A "second degree IHBB," characterized by intermittent block of the atrial impulse between the two His deflections, consistently developed either spontaneously or in response to atrial pacing. The first "stage" of second degree IHBB had a Mobitz type II pattern with a constant P-R, H 1 -V, and H 1 -H 2 intervals of the beats preceding and following the block. In 20 of 26 observations, this stage merged into the second stage of second degree IHBB characterized by a progressive increment of the H 1 -H 2 intervals prior to failure of a ventricular response. The increment of conduction time, which was at first in the range of a few msec, would not be recognized in standard ECG recordings. This increment could increase up to 180 msec, giving rise to an obvious Wenckebach periodicity that would be recognized at the usual 25 mm/sec paper speed. Complete (third degree) IHBB was observed either in the form of paroxysmal or persistent block. Paroxysmal block occurred spontaneously or could be induced by a critical rate of rapid atrial pacing during early stages of second degree IHBB. Complete IHBB that developed later was persistent and usually associated with a slow idioventricular rhythm. The study suggests that Mobitz type II and the Wenckebach patterns of conduction disturbance in the His bundle are different stages of the same electrophysiological disturbance, with Mobitz type II block representing the initial stages of failure of impulse propagation.
The Incidence of Bacteremia after Outpatient Hurst Bougienage in the Management of Benign Esophageal Stricture
Authors: T.P. Yin, R. Ellis, A.W. Dellipiani
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

Transient bacteremia occurs in a variety of gastrointestinal procedures. Of 13 patients with a benign esophageal stricture treated as out-patients by the passage of Hurst mercury bougies only one developed transient bacteremia which occurred five minutes after dilation. We do not therefore recommend routine antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing this type of management. Attention should be given to the manner in which dilators are cleaned and stored.
Two Roads Diverged: Interferon α/β– and Interleukin 12–mediated Pathways in Promoting T Cell Interferon γ Responses during Viral Infection
Authors: Leslie P. Cousens, Ron Peterson, Sang Hsu, Andrew Dorner, John D. Altman, Rafi Ahmed, Christine A. Biron
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Viral infections induce CD8 T cell expansion and interferon (IFN)-γ production for defense, but the innate cytokines shaping these responses have not been identified. Although interleukin (IL)-12 has the potential to contribute, IL-12–dependent T cell IFN-γ has not been detected during viral infections. Moreover, certain viruses fail to induce IL-12, and elicit high levels of IFN-α/β to negatively regulate it. The endogenous factors promoting virus-induced T cell IFN-γ production were defined in studies evaluating CD8 T cell responses during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections of mice. Two divergent supporting pathways were characterized. Under normal conditions of infections, the CD8 T cell IFN-γ response was dependent on endogenous IFN-α/β effects, but was IL-12 independent. In contrast, in the absence of IFN-α/β functions, an IL-12 response was revealed and substituted an alternative pathway to IFN-γ. IFN-α/β–mediated effects resulted in enhanced, but the alternative pathway also promoted, resistance to infection. These observations define uniquely important IFN-α/β–controlled pathways shaping T cell responses during viral infections, and demonstrate plasticity of immune responses in accessing divergent innate mechanisms to achieve similar ultimate goals.
Reproducibility of the systolic time intervals: effect of the temporal range of measurements
Authors: M. KUPARI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of conventionally measured systolic time intervals. To that end, three to eight serial measurements were performed on four different groups of healthy subjects (total number, 49) within dissimilar time periods: 1) within 3 h; 2) within 24 h; 3) within 1 to 2 weeks; and 4) within 14 to 18 months. Judged as the mean coefficients of variation, the variability of the systolic time intervals tended to be smallest in the 3 h measurements and largest in the 24 h measurements. The pooled variances of the serial measurements made within 24 h were in general significantly larger than the respective variances in the measurements made within 3 h. This was due to statistically significant diurnal decreases in left ventricular ejection time and total electromechanic systole in the 24 h study. Otherwise the reproducibility of the method was high. For instance, the mean coefficients of variation for ejection time and total electromechanic systole corrected for heart rate were only 1% and 1.2%, respectively, in serial measurements made at identical diurnal time points within 14 to 18 months. The pooled variances of the measurements made within the shortest and longest temporal ranges were not statistically different. It is concluded that measurement of the systolic time intervals is very applicable to intervention and follow-up studies provided the normal circadian rhythmicity of the phases of systole is adequately taken into account in the design of the study.
Public to be asked its views on ethics of incentives for organ donation
Authors: J. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Members of the UK public are being asked their views on the ethics of offering incentives to people to donate organs and other material, in a consultation exercise launched on Monday 19 April by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.

The council’s consultation paper aims to stimulate debate on whether more people in the United Kingdom should be expected to donate organs, eggs, or sperm or to participate in clinical trials and if so, how far they should be encouraged to do so.

There is a huge demand for organs, sperm, eggs, and other human material that …
THE ROLE OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN THE INITIATION AND CESSATION OF THE ARTHUS VASCULITIS
Authors: Charles G. Cochrane, William O. Weigle, Frank J. Dixon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

The role of polymorphs in the Arthus type hypersensitivity vasculitis has been studied. Polymorphs were found to play an essential role in not only producing the inflammatory vasculitis, but also were instrumental in ridding the damaged vessel of the antigen, probably by means of proteolytic catabolism at the inflammatory site. A temporal relationship between the disappearance of antigen from the damaged vessels and a decrease in inflammatory reaction was found. The earliest localization of antigen and its associated rabbit globulin in the Arthus vasculitis was found to be beneath the endothelium of small vessels. Since submitting this article for publication, Sorkin and Boyden (J. Immunol., 1959, 82, 332) have reported the catabolism of antigen in the presence of antibody by mononuclear cells obtained from the peritoneal cavities of guinea pigs. Evidence was presented indicating that the antigen molecule was actually broken down by the mononuclear cells. Techniques similar to those reported here were used.
P339 PON1 DIRECTED RECALIBRATION OF MACROPHAGE LIPID HOMEOSTASIS LEADS TO REVERSAL OF CIRCULATING FOAMY PHENOTYPE AND PREDICTS OUTCOME IN ACUTE ON CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE (ACLF) PATIENTS
Authors: J.S. Maras, S. Das, S.S. Jaswal, R. Mahiwal, C. Kumar, D. Kumar, H.H.C. Gawda, A. Rastogi, N.T. Pati, S. Sharma, A. Pandey, S.K. Sarin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Relationship of Oxidized Phospholipids on Apolipoprotein B-100 to Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Treated With Intensive Versus Moderate Atorvastatin Therapy
Authors: Young Sup Byun, Jun-Hee Lee, Benoit J. Arsenault, Xiaohong Yang, Weihang Bao, David DeMicco, Rachel Laskey, Joseph L. Witztum, Sotirios Tsimikas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Occlusion of the Abdominal Aorta with Dysfunction of the Spinal Cord
Authors: M. RUDAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

Case Reports1 March 1962Occlusion of the Abdominal Aorta with Dysfunction of the Spinal CordM. RUDAR, M.D., A. URBANKE, M.D., M. RADONIĆ, M.D.M. RUDAR, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. URBANKE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. RADONIĆ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-3-490 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1959 Cook (1) described a clinical syndrome of the occlusion of the abdominal aorta which was dominated by neurological abnormalities. He found four similar cases (2, 3) described under different names and explained differently in respect to their etiology and mechanism. On the basis of his observation of his own two cases and those from the literature, Cook gave the following clinical picture of the syndrome: rapid onset of varying degrees of paraparesis; neurological signs reaching the seventh dorsal segment; areflexia or hyporeflexia of the lower extremities, impaired proprioceptive sensibility; presence of bilateral Babinski's signs; incontinence of the feces...References1. COOK AW: Occlusion of the abdominal aorta and dysfunction of the spinal cord. Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med. 35: 479, 1959. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. HUNTCORNWALL LEHL: Flaccid paraplegia. J. A. M. A. 85: 186, 1925. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. HIRSCH EF: Presentation of a case. J. A. M. A. 155: 361, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HENNEAUX J: Etude clinique et anatomopathologique de deux cas de thrombose de l'artère spinale anterieure. Rev. Neurol. (Par.) 102: 44, 1960. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: M. RUDAR, M.D.; A. URBANKE, M.D.; M. RADONIĆ, M.D.Affiliations: Zagreb, YugoslaviaFrom the Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Yugoslavia.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Milovan Radonić, M.D., Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb-Rebro, Yugoslavia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySpinal Cord IschemiaSpinal Cord IschemiaIschemic Damage to the Spinal Cord Following End-to-Side Aortobifemoral BypassRecurrent Spinal Cord Ischemia Due to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm—A Case ReportSome little-known aspects of spinal cord softeningSpinal Cord Infarction in Disease and Surgery of the AortaKreislaufstörungen und Gefäßprozesse des RückenmarksRaumbeengende Prozesse im Spinalkanal (einschließlich Angiome und Parasiten)Chronic ischaemic myelopathy in aortic atherosclerosisAneurysmoplasty and prosthetic bypass for aneurysms of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta 1 March 1962Volume 56, Issue 3Page: 490-494KeywordsAortaAtherosclerosisEtiologyIncontinenceIschemiaNecrosisNeurologyParaplegiaSpinal cordThrombosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Management of Fluid Retention in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Carlos Flombaum
Journal: JAMA (1981)

SODIUM retention and fluid accumulation manifested as edema are common in cancer patients.<sup>1</sup>This is usually secondary to pooling of fluids in a third space as occurs in ascites, pleural effusion, dependent edema secondary to obstruction of the inferior vena cava or lymphatics, peritonitis, or ileus. This abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid is physiologically unavailable and results in a decreased effective circulating blood volume. Hyponatremia is common, but on a "dry weight" basis there is extra body sodium. A state of chronic protein depletion is common in cancer patients because of loss of protein into the malignant effusions and repeated drainage of these protein-rich fluids, loss of protein in diarrhea and external fistulae (especially pancreatic), decreased food intake and malnutrition, and hypercatabolism as a result of sepsis. Hypoalbuminemia with consequent decreased plasma oncotic pressure leads to a decreased plasma volume and facilitates the escape of fluid to these third
Estrogen Induces Repression of the <i>Breast Cancer and Salivary Gland Expression</i> Gene in an Estrogen Receptor α–Dependent Manner
Authors: Nancy Bretschneider, Heike Brand, Nicola Miller, Aoife J. Lowery, Michael J. Kerin, Frank Gannon, Stefanie Denger
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The focus of this study is on the expression and regulation of the estrogen-regulated breast cancer and salivary gland expression (BASE) gene that may function as a breast cancer marker. In MCF7 cells, BASE is repressed by estrogen in an estrogen receptor α (ERα)-dependent manner. Promoter analysis of the BASE gene led to the identification of a 2-kb upstream enhancer that harbors binding sites for ERα and FoxA1. The recruitment of both ERα and FoxA1 to this region was shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Furthermore, mutation studies and knockdown experiments show a clear separation between gene expression mediated by FoxA1 and ERα-dependent gene regulation. Additionally, we provide information on BASE expression in human breast tumor samples. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):106–14]
Clinical Diabetes and Its Biochemical Basis
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A combined effort of three principal authors and 11 subsidiary contributors (all members of King's College Hospital and Medical School), the book displays a cohesive unity rarely attained in works of multiple authorship. Reflecting in part the influence of R. D. Lawrence, to whom the book is dedicated, it preserves a conservative approach to practical problems and a skeptical attitude to theoretical propositions. The caution is often excessive. Is pituitary ablation for diabetic retinopathy still to be regarded as an experimental trial? Is the relationship between diabetes and coronary atherosclerosis still "suspected but unproved"? Must we play it cool with diabetic coma, initiating treatment with modest insulin doses to be adjusted at two- to four-hour intervals? While the first ten chapters are devoted to carbohydrate metabolism, insulin, hormones, and etiology and pathophysiology of diabetes, the bulk of the book deals with clinical facets of diabetes and its complications. Despite some
Abstract 5335: The histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 sensitizes osteosarcoma cells and osteosarcoma lung metastases to FasL-induced cell death by the downregulation c-FLIP
Authors: Krithi Rao-Bindal, Eugenie S. Kleinerman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, MS-275, on the Fas signaling pathway and susceptibility of osteosarcoma (OS) to FasL-induced cell death. OS metastasizes almost exclusively to the lungs. We have shown that Fas expression by OS cells inversely correlates with their metastatic potential. Fas+ cells are rapidly eliminated when they enter the lungs via interaction with FasL, which is constitutively expressed in the lungs. OS cells that are Fas− escape this FasL-induced apoptosis and survive in the lung microenvironment. Moreover, upregulation of Fas expression on established OS lung metastases results in tumor regression. Therefore, agents that upregulate Fas or activate the Fas signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential. These investigations utilized the Fas− metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines LM7 and CCH-OS-D. Treatment of OS cells with 2µM MS-275 sensitized cells to FasL-induced cell death in vitro, as quantified by MTT, trypan blue and clonogenic assays. We have demonstrated that blocking Fas signaling by transfecting cells with a FADD dominant-negative (FDN) plasmid, inhibited MS-275-induced sensitization to FasL-mediated cell death, suggesting the involvement of the Fas pathway in this mechanism. We found that treatment of OS cells in vitro did not alter the expression of Fas on the cell surface, rather it resulted in the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein, c-FLIP (cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein), which was determined to be a result of MS-275-induced downregulation of FLIP mRNA. Downregulation of c-FLIP correlated with caspase activation and induction of apoptosis. Treatment of nu/nu-mice with established OS lung metastases with oral MS-275 resulted in tumor regression, increased apoptosis and a significant inhibition of c-FLIP expression in tumors. Histopathological examination of mice receiving oral MS-275 showed no evidence of toxicity. Overall, these data suggest that the mechanism by which MS-275 sensitizes OS cells and OS lung metastases to FasL-induced cell death may be by a direct reduction in the expression of c-FLIP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5335. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5335