tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of altering the interval between the stimulus and the reflex response in the analysis of the baroreceptor control of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes in man
Authors: A. U FERRARI, A. CAVALLAZZI, L. GREGORINI, R. PERONDI, A. DAFFONCHIO, G. MANCIA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Baroreceptor control of the sinus node may be determined by raising or lowering blood pressure with intravenous bolus injections of phenylephrine or glyceryl trinitrate and calculating the slope of the linear regression between the drug induced changes in systolic blood pressure and RR interval using shift 1 coupling--namely, coupling of each systolic blood pressure value with the interval of the following cardiac cycle. To assess whether shift 1 coupling provides the best linear fit and the highest regression slope nine subjects received phenylephrine and glyceryl trinitrate injections both during spontaneous sinus rhythm and during atrial pacing to evaluate baroreflex control of the sinus and of the atrioventricular node respectively. In regression analysis of the data, for each drug injection nine different shifts (from 0 to 8) were used to couple systolic blood pressure with RR or StQ intervals. When the mean results from all subjects were compared the use of shift 1 was equal or superior to the use of any other shift for both the RR and the StQ interval responses evoked by either phenylephrine or glyceryl trinitrate. In many instances, however, the shift that provided the highest correlation and regression coefficient was different from shift 1, and the use of these best individual shifts provided results considerably different from those obtained with the standard shift 1. It is concluded that in the regression analysis of baroreflex cardiac responses to vasoactive drugs the regular use of shift 1 does not invariably provide the best estimation of baroreflex sensitivity. This is better achieved by calculating the best shift in individual responses.
Circulating polyribophosphate in Hemophilus influenzae, type b meningitis. Correlation with clinical course and antibody response.
Authors: R J O'Reilly, P Anderson, D L Ingram, G Peter, D H Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

In systemic infections caused by Hemophilus influenzae, type b, the capsular polysaccharide, polyribophosphate, is released into the circulation. Polyribophosphate was quantitated in serial serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 45 children with H. influenzae, type b meningitis by means of a radiolabeled antigen-binding inhibition assay. Polyribophosphate was regularly found in acute serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples and could be detected in unbound form for periods of 1-30 days after initiation of effective therapy. Complexes of polyribophosphate dissociable with acid and pepsin were detected in serum samples from 17 patients, in one case for a period of 145 days after hospitalization. Polyribophosphate levels and patterns of clearance were studied in relation to hospital course and antibody response. Patients with prolonged antigenemia had protracted fevers and severe neurological symptoms during hospitalization, frequently with focal complications.Antipolyribophosphate antibody responses were detected during the first 100 days of convalescence by radioimmunoassay in 79% of the patients studied, including 60% of the children 1 yr or less in age. The intensity of antibody response although clearly related to the age of the patient, was more reliably predicted by the efficiency of antigen clearance. Antibody responses were uniformly of low magnitude in patients with prolonged antigenemia, irrespective of age. Paients who failed to develop antibody to polyribophosphate after meningitis also exhibited impaired antigen clearance. These studies suggest that mechanisms necessary for clearance of polyribophosphate may influence the development and intensity of the humoral immune response and raise the possibility of developmental deficiencies in the clearance system in infants and children.
Radiology of the Duodenum
Authors: Leland Kellerhouse
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Stimulated by his experiences at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, the author has written a 220-page book about the duodenum, describing causes of radiologic changes. Although written by a radiologist, the book should interest gastroenterologists, surgeons, and all physicians who view gastrointestinal x-ray films of their own patients. The author begins by describing the anatomy and function of the duodenum, as the radiologist sees it, and the various radiologic techniques used to display it. Rather than organizing the text according to radiologic abnormalities, Harper has divided it into short chapters on specific diseases affecting the duodenum. The important chapters describe congenital duodenal obstruction, diverticula and duplications, duodenitis, peptic ulcer, benign and malignant tumors, inflammatory and nonmalignant-noninflammatory conditions, abnormal displacement, and effects of surgery on the duodenum. In each chapter the author discusses the history of the disease. Next, he describes physiologic aspects followed by a brief description of clinical findings. Finally,
Cardiac hemodynamics in alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease and a presystolic gallop
Authors: Lawrence Gould, Mahmood Shariff, Mohammad Zahir, Mary Di Lieto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

10 male subjects with chronic liver disease and with normal cardiovascular findings, except for the presence of a presystolic gallop, underwent right and left heart catheterization. In general, all of the patients had a high resting cardiac output, narrow arteriovenous oxygen difference, a low peripheral vascular resistance, and normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressures and volumes. The plasma volume was increased in the seven patients in which it was determined. On exercise, all of the patients demonstrated a significant increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure, while the stroke index remained the same or fell in seven of the subjects. It appears logical to assume that the excessive intake of alcohol is associated with an impairment in the metabolic and contractile properties of the left ventricle and the resultant hemodynamic effects may not be readily discerned in the resting state. However, upon exercise these patients, with a congested circulation, can show abnormal cardiac dynamics.
Malaria Prevention Measures in Coalition Troops in Afghanistan
Authors: Ashley M. Croft, Alicia H. Darbyshire, Christopher J. Jackson, Pieter P. van Thiel
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Accelerated Medical Education
Authors: Richard H. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1976)

From a tentative beginning in 1961 by Boston and Northwestern Universities, a growing number of colleges accept high school seniors into an accelerated undergraduate college-medical school curriculum. Fifteen years ago, about 60 students were admitted into six-year courses of study leading to the MD degree; this year, 11 schools will accept almost 400 high school graduates into accelerated, early-admission, baccalaureate-MD programs. One third of Northwestern's class derives from its Honors Program; in the schools at Brown and Kansas City, the majority of MD candidates are accepted while seniors in high school. Several other schools are considering converting from a traditional four-year premedical plus four-year medical school curriculum to an integrated, foreshortened program with admission determined on the basis of high school and achievement test credentials. From growth rate alone, it is reasonable to conclude that selection for medical school prior to college, and acceleration of the curriculum have been successful.
A RURAL SHIGA DYSENTERY EPIDEMIC
Authors: F. W. CAUDILL
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The county in which the epidemic discussed in this paper occurred is located in south central Kentucky. It covers an area of 400 square miles and is hilly, the soil being red clay to sandy with limestone rock formation. The total population, according to the 1940 U. S. Census, is 18,566, with 1,372 of this number living in the county seat, located about the center of the county. Approximately eight to nine families per square mile reside in the rural areas. Only about 6 per cent of the total population is Negro, about one third residing just outside the corporate limits of the county seat, while the other two thirds reside in scattered homes throughout the county.  The county seat has a filtered and chlorinated water supply drawn from nearby Russell Creek. Approximately 80 per cent of the homes in the town are connected to a sewage system which carries
Insect Allergy
Authors: H. Mosbech
Journal: Allergy (1984)

One hundred and seventeen persons all stung by yellow jacket (YJ) and/or bee were examined by means of skin prick test with venom of these insects, skin prick test with 10 inhalant allergens and analyses of total IgE. Specific IgE and IgG against honey bee and YJ venom. Eighty‐seven persons had had a systemic reaction. Positive correlations ( P &lt; 0.05) were found between results of skin prick tests and specific IgE against venoms and, for YJ, between the severity of symptoms after sting and the size of skin prick test with the venom. That some of the more severe symptoms could have been caused by non‐immunological mechanisms could explain why a significant correlation was present only between the results of the prick test and specific IgE and not between these tests and the clinical symptoms. Specific IgE values against YJ and honey bee venom showed convariation, although no correlation could be demonstrated between the clinical symptoms after stings from these insects, or between skin prick test results using the two different extracts. The severity of the sting reactions was not correlated to age, atopic disposition, amount of total IgE, number of stings during life, or positive skin prick test to inhalant allergens. It is concluded that in insect allergy, specific IgE analysis and skin prick tests are supplementary.
T cell receptor-mediated negative selection of autoreactive T lymphocyte precursors occurs after commitment to the CD4 or CD8 lineages.
Authors: C J Guidos, J S Danska, C G Fathman, I L Weissman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

To identify the maturational stage(s) during which T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated positive and negative selection occurs, we followed the development of CD4+8- and CD4-8+ T cells from TCRlo CD4+8+ thymic blasts in the presence of different positive and negative selecting (major histocompatibility complex or Mls) elements. We describe novel lineage-committed transitional intermediates that are TCRmed CD4+8lo or TCRmed CD4lo8+, and that show evidence of having been positively selected. Furthermore, negative selection is not evident until after cells have attained one of the TCRmed transitional phenotypes. Accordingly, we propose that negative selection in normal mice occurs only after TCRlo CD4+8+ precursors have been positively selected into either the CD4 or CD8 lineage.
Influence of Race/Ethnic Differences in Pre-Transplantation Panel Reactive Antibody on Outcomes in Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Alanna A. Morris, Robert T. Cole, Emir Veledar, Naveen Bellam, S. Raja Laskar, Andrew L. Smith, Howard M. Gebel, Robert A. Bray, Javed Butler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Fractures of the Distal End of the Radius Complicated by Fractures of the Carpal Scaphoid
Authors: O. D. Chrisman, J. H. Shortell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THERE is a teaching that a fall on the outstretched hand may cause either a Colles fracture or a fractured carpal scaphoid, the latter usually occurring in young adults and the former in older people.1 , 2 Most of the literature ignores the possibility of both simultaneously. Our recent experience shows that the combination of the two fractures is a difficult problem that occurs in a significant number of cases and through a wide age range. Scudder,3 Brittain,4 Key,5 Cleveland6 and other authors have stated that fractures of the distal end of the radius and of the carpal scaphoid can occur simultaneously . . .
Prevalence Of Skin Test Reactivity To Cannabis Sativa. In Vitro Characterization Of The Extract
Authors: C.H. de Larramendi, A. Huertas, A. Ferrer, J. Pagán, J. García-Abujeta, L. Navarro, M. López-Matas, J. Carnés
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Walter Ageno, Cecilia Becattini, Timothy Brighton, Rita Selby, Pieter W. Kamphuisen
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The concept that venous thromboembolism (VTE) and atherosclerosis are 2 completely distinct entities has recently been challenged because patients with VTE have more asymptomatic atherosclerosis and more cardiovascular events than control subjects. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between cardiovascular risk factors and VTE.Medline and EMBASE databases were searched to identify studies that evaluated the prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors in VTE patients and control subjects. Studies were selected using a priori defined criteria, and each study was reviewed by 2 authors who abstracted data on study characteristics, study quality, and outcomes. Odds ratios or weighted means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were then calculated and pooled using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated through the use of chi2 and I2 statistics. Twenty-one case-control and cohort studies with a total of 63 552 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with control subjects, the risk of VTE was 2.33 for obesity (95% CI, 1.68 to 3.24), 1.51 for hypertension (95% CI, 1.23 to 1.85), 1.42 for diabetes mellitus (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.77), 1.18 for smoking (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.46), and 1.16 for hypercholesterolemia (95% CI, 0.67 to 2.02). Weighted mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in VTE patients, whereas no difference was observed for total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Significant heterogeneity among studies was present in all subgroups except for the diabetes mellitus subgroup. Higher-quality studies were more homogeneous, and significant associations remained unchanged.Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with VTE. This association is clinically relevant with respect to individual screening, risk factor modification, and primary and secondary prevention of VTE. Prospective studies should further investigate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship.
Prognosis and risk factors for idiopathic membranous nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome in Japan
Authors: Hideo Shiiki, Takao Saito, Yoshiharu Nishitani, Tetsuya Mitarai, Noriaki Yorioka, Ashio Yoshimura, Hitoshi Yokoyama, Shinichi Nishi, Yasuhiko Tomino, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Hideto Sakai
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Hydropneumopericardium and oesophagitis: a non-fatal case.
Authors: R H Robson
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Hydropneumopericardium is a very rare and usually fatal complication of peptic oesophageal ulceration. The patient reported here survived and the report resembles one previously made about a child. In both patients failure to show the fistula radiologically or on endoscopy suggests that rapid spontaneous healing had occurred, and that this was responsible for survival.
Flow-induced constriction and dilation of cerebral resistance arteries.
Authors: J L Garcia-Roldan, J A Bevan
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Rabbit pial resistance artery segments were cannulated at both ends so they could be perfused with physiological saline solution and were maintained in a tissue bath of the same solution. Both were kept at 37 degrees C and equilibrated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Perfusion pressure and flow were independently controlled by two servo-controlled pumps, and changes in the diameter of the segment were registered by an automated video technique. In the absence of flow, these segments maintained their diameter when intraluminal pressure was changed over the range 30-90 mm Hg. When intraluminal pressure was low (30 mm Hg), flow at 20 microliters/min caused dilation. This is half the rate of flow that causes a maximum flow-induced change under the conditions of these experiments. When pressure was high (90 mm Hg), the same flow rate caused constriction. Both responses usually continued as long as flow was maintained. Thus, flow-induced changes in the diameter of this artery can be initiated and are usually maintained despite the demonstrated capacity of the blood vessel wall to hold its diameter constant when pressure is changed in the absence of flow. The results suggest that these small arteries can independently respond to changes in pressure and flow and that the changes that occur in response to flow are not compensated for by changes in the myogenic response.
The Underweight Infant, Child, and Adolescent
Authors: Steven L. Werlin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This book contains the edited version of a wide-ranging symposium of the same name held in Atlanta at the Scottish Rite Children's Hospital in March 1984. Additional chapters have apparently been added, but there is no distinction made in the text between the papers presented at the conference and the later additions. This book is not a true monograph as it is called in the preface, but instead, conference proceedings. As with all symposia, there is great variability in the quality of the chapters. Similarly, there is lack of a consistent point of view or theme. For instance, although the title of the book is<i>The Underweight Infant, Child, and Adolescent</i>, there are chapters concentrating on the short child. While there is little new information presented, a number of chapters including those by Balistreri on the effects of liver disease on nutrition and growth, Friedman on renal disease, Dietz on
Molecular and cellular aspects of iron-induced hepatic cirrhosis in rodents.
Authors: A Pietrangelo, R Gualdi, G Casalgrandi, G Montosi, E Ventura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis are common findings in humans with hemochromatosis. In this study we investigated the molecular pathways of iron-induced hepatic fibrosis and evaluated the anti-fibrogenic effect of vitamin E. Male gerbils were treated with iron-dextran and fed a standard diet or a alpha-tocopherol enriched diet (250 mg/Kg diet). In gerbils on the standard diet at 6 wk after dosing with iron, in situ hybridization analysis documented a dramatic increase of signal for collagen mRNA around iron foci onto liver fat storing cells (FSC), as identified by immunocytochemistry with desmin antibody. After 4 mo, micronodular cirrhosis developed in these animals, with nonparenchymal cells surrounding hepatocyte nodules and expressing high level of TGF beta mRNA. In this group, in vivo labeling with [3H]-thymidine showed a marked proliferation of nonparenchymal cells, including FSC. In iron-dosed gerbils on the vitamin E-enriched diet for 4 mo, in spite of a severe liver iron burden, a normal lobular architecture was found, with a dramatic decrease of collagen mRNA accumulation and collagen deposition. At the molecular level, a total suppression of nonparenchymal cell proliferation was appreciable, although expression of collagen and TGF beta mRNAs was still present into microscopic iron-filled nonparenchymal cell aggregates scattered throughout the hepatic lobule. In conclusion, our study shows that anti-oxidant treatment during experimental hepatic fibrosis arrests fibrogenesis and completely prevents iron induced hepatic cirrhosis mainly through inhibition of nonparenchymal cell proliferation induced by iron.
Salmonella Sepsis Caused by a Platelet Transfusion from a Donor with a Pet Snake
Authors: Mehrdad Jafari, Jean Forsberg, Ronald O. Gilcher, James W. Smith, James M. Crutcher, Michael McDermott, Brent R. Brown, James N. George
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Two patients had salmonella sepsis after receiving platelet transfusions, and the source of the infection was traced to the pet snake of the platelet donor. The donor was asymptomatic, but Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis was cultured from his pet boa constrictor. The isolate was identical to the isolates from the two patients with sepsis.