tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trace Contamination of Over-the-Counter Androstenedione and Positive Urine Test Results for a Nandrolone Metabolite
Authors: Don H. Catlin
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextSeveral anabolic steroids are sold over-the-counter (OTC) in the United States, and their production is not regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration. Reports have suggested that use of these supplements can cause positive urine test results for metabolites of the prohibited steroid nandrolone.ObjectivesTo assess the content and purity of OTC androstenedione and to determine if androstenedione and 19-norandrostenedione administration causes positive urine test results for 19-norandrosterone, a nandrolone metabolite.DesignRandomized controlled trial of androstenedione, open-label trial of 19-norandrostenedione, and mass spectrometry of androstenedione preparations, conducted between October 1998 and April 2000.SettingOutpatient facility of a university hospital.ParticipantsA total of 41 healthy men aged 20 to 44 years.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to receive oral androstenedione, 100 mg/d (n = 13) or 300 mg/d (n = 11) for 7 days, or no androstenedione (n = 13); in addition, 4 patients received 10 µg of 19-norandrostenedione.Main Outcome MeasuresContent of OTC androstenedione preparations; level of 19-norandrosterone in urine samples, determined by mass spectrometry, compared among the 3 randomized groups at day 1 and day 7, and among the participants who received 19-norandrostenedione from October 1998 to April 2000.ResultsAll urine samples from participants treated with androstenedione contained 19-norandrosterone, while no samples from the no-androstenedione group did. Urinary concentrations were averaged for day 1 vs day 7 measurements; mean (SD) 19-norandrosterone concentrations in the 100-mg/d and 300-mg/d groups were 3.8 (2.5) ng/mL and 10.2 (6.9) ng/mL, respectively (P = .006). The 19-norandrosterone content exceeded the cutoff for reporting positive cases (&gt;2.0 ng/mL) in 20 of 24. The androstenedione preparation used was pure at a sensitivity of 0.1%, but at 0.001% 19-norandrostenedione was found. For the 4 participants to whom 10 µg of 19-norandrostenedione was administered, 19-norandrosterone was found in all urine samples. Of 7 brands of androstenedione analyzed at the 1% level, 1 contained no androstenedione, 1 contained 10 mg of testosterone, and 4 more contained 90% or less of the amount stated on the label.ConclusionOur study suggests that trace contamination of androstenedione with 19-norandrostenedione is sufficient to cause urine test results positive for 19-norandrosterone, the standard marker for nandrolone use. Oral steroid doses as small as 10 µg are absorbed and excreted in urine. Some brands of androstenedione are grossly mislabeled. Careful analysis of androstenedione preparations is recommended in all studies of its biological effects.
Hepatic Transport of Sulfated and Non-Sulfated Bile Acids in the Rat Following Relief of Bile Duct Obstruction
Authors: Paul D. Cleland, Carl T. Bartholomew, Barbara H. Billing
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The effect of bile duct ligation for 5 days on the hepatic transport of sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids was studied. Tracer doses of radioactive bile acids [ 3 H]taurochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate [ 3 H]chenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate, [ 3 H]taurochenodeoxycholic acid and [ 14 C]taurocholic acid were injected 90 min after relief of obstruction when the plasma total bile acid concentration had reverted to normal. Plasma clearance and biliary excretion of sulfated bile acids were lower than those of nonsulfated bile acids, particularly in the cholestatic rats (p &lt; 0.02). For each bile acid, hepatic transport in the cholestatic rats was significantly reduced compared with the control rats. [ 3 H]Chenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate and [ 3 H]taurochenodeoxycholic acid were partially metabolized to [ 3 H]taurochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate prior to biliary excretion. This data suggests that the hepatic transport system for sulfated bile acids is less efficient and more easily impaired by cholestasis than that for nonsulfated bile acids.
Plasma binding and transport of diazepam across the blood-brain barrier. No evidence for in vivo enhanced dissociation.
Authors: R K Dubey, C B McAllister, M Inoue, G R Wilkinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The tissue uptake of extensively plasma-bound compounds is reportedly inconsistent with the conventional free-drug hypothesis limiting transport to unbound moiety in rapid intracapillary equilibrium with bound complex. Instead, protein-mediated/cell surface enhancement of dissociation has been postulated to occur in the microvasculature. This possibility was investigated by studying the passive transport of diazepam across the blood-brain barrier. Microdialysis probes placed within the vena cava and brain cortex were used to directly compare steady-state, interstitial unbound diazepam levels in both Wistar and genetically analbuminemic rats. The absence of albumin in the latter increased the unbound fraction of diazepam by almost fivefold; however, in both groups, the ratio of unbound concentrations in brain and blood at equilibrium was equal to unity. If enhanced dissociation occurred in the microvasculature, then the unbound brain level should have been greater than that in the systemic circulation. It is probable that earlier findings suggestive of protein-mediated transport reflect a nonequilibrium phenomenon. Comparison of the extent of diazepam's in vivo binding in blood by microdialysis to that estimated in vitro using conventional equilibrium dialysis with microcells showed good agreement, thus validating a widely accepted assumption of equivalency of these two values.
Passive smoking: Agreeing the limits of conflicts of interest
Authors: R. Horton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor–The paper by Enstrom and Kabat1 raises the issue of how much conflict of interest can editors reasonably allow before the findings and interpretation of a particular study are rendered unsafe or, at the very least, too uncertain to be a substantive scientific contribution?

If we think that there really is a limit to the degree …
Macular Edema from Zidovudine?
Authors: Mitchell B. Strominger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 July 1991Macular Edema from Zidovudine?Mitchell B. Strominger, MD, Ronald Sachs, MD, Harry M. Engel, MDMitchell B. Strominger, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Ronald Sachs, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Harry M. Engel, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-1-67_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:We read with interest the recent report by Lalonde and colleagues (1) on zidovudine-induced macular edema. Although we cannot dispute the temporal relation between zidovudine therapy and decreasing visual acuity in the patient described by the authors, the fluorescein angiogram (Figure 1) is far from pathognomonic for cystoid macular edema. Classically, fluorescein angiography of cystoid macular edema demonstrates minimal early leakage of dye in the parafoveal area that, as time progresses, takes on a "petaloid" appearance (2). The angiogram shown by Lalonde and colleagues (1), however, demonstrates scattered focal fluorescent spots throughout the posterior pole that may...References1. Lalonde R, Deschenes J, and Seamone C. Zidovudine-induced macular edema. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:297-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Gass J. Stereoscopic Atlas of Macular Disease. St. Louis, Missouri: C.V. Mosby; 1987:380. Google Scholar1. Lalonde R, Deschenes J, and Seamone C. Zidovudine-induced macular edema. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:297-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mitchell B. Strominger, MD; Ronald Sachs, MD; Harry M. Engel, MDAffiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10461 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrugs Used in the Management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeDrug-induced ocular side effectsDrug-induced ocular side effects 1 July 1991Volume 115, Issue 1Page: 67-67KeywordsAngiographyEdemaVisual acuity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
84 Formaldehyde and phenol exposure during the anatomy dissecting course: A possible source for IgE-mediated sensitization?
Authors: M TSCHABITSCHER, F WANTKE, M FOCKE, W HEMMER, M GANN, P TAPPLER, R BRACUN, S WOLF, M GOTZ, R JARISCH
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Recent advances in customising cataract surgery
Authors: M. Woodcock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cataract surgery has advanced a lot over the years. This review describes the latest techniques and how they are used to customise the surgery to the needs of the individual patient

Cataract is an important cause of visual impairment worldwide. In the United Kingdom, 30% of people aged over 65 have visually impairing cataract (that is, Snellen visual acuity of less than 6/12 attributable to a lens opacity) in one eye or both eyes.1 (See table A on bmj.com for risk factors.) A visual acuity of 6/12 is below the legal vision requirement to drive in the United Kingdom, which approximates to a visual acuity of 6/10, and evidence indicates that cataract surgery may even decrease the incidence of road traffic crashes among people over 65.2 The NHS does approximately 200 000 cataract operations annually, making this one of the most common surgical procedures in the country.3 Despite this, 88% of people with treatable visual impairment from cataract are not in contact with any eye healthcare services, which represents a very large potential healthcare need.1

The fundamental aim of cataract surgery, the removal of the opacified natural lens to improve vision, has remained the same for hundreds of years. However, the way in which this is achieved and the expectations of the people having the surgery have altered drastically (table 1). Here we give an overview of some of the advances that allow cataract surgery to be customised for each patient. We discuss the process that patients go through from their first meeting with an ophthalmologist, through the preoperative assessment, to the actual surgery itself and beyond to the appraisal of the results of that surgery. The visual potential of the patient can be realised in many different ways, and when looked at in this context …
Toward the Rational and Equitable Use of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: David R. Flum, Tipu V. Khan, E. Patchen Dellinger
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neuroleptanalgesia in upper alimentary endoscopy.
Authors: H I Le Brun
Journal: Gut (1976)

Droperidol and fentanyl have been used with diazepam in 250 peroral endoscopies because of dissatisfaction with standard methods of sedation. Excellant analgesia has been achieved and complications have been negligible. The technique does not require the presence of an anaesthetist.
Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Excretion and Microalbuminuria in Diabetes
Authors: B. Baggio
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a previous study we found a higher than normal glycosaminoglycan (GAG) excretion in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD), who have daily albumin excretion levels less than 25 mg (17 μg/min),<sup>1</sup>a value that borders on the normal range for albuminuria. This abnormality was paralleled by a higher urinary activity of lysosomal glycohydrolases involved in GAG metabolism, as well as a normal excretion of brush border enzymes not related to GAG turnover. We therefore proposed a renal origin for GAG, perhaps due to a derangement in GAG turnover in the renal basement membrane.<sup>2</sup>Since GAG is the major determinant of the anion layer of the glomerular basement membrane,<sup>3,4</sup>this finding might mirror an early decrease in membrane selectivity, which could underlie the appearance of microalbuminuria. <h3>Report of a Study.—</h3> To test this hypothesis, we evaluated urinary GAG excretion during a 24-hour period in 25
Abstract 2481: Synthesis and characterization of PEGylated chlorin e6 sensitizers for the photodynamic killing of human ovarian cancer cells.
Authors: Ashwini Ghogare, Goutam Ghosh, Stanley Kimani, Dorota Bartusik, Benjamin Rudshteyn, Tayyaba Hasan, Alexander Greer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pegylated chlorin e6 photosensitizers have been synthesized with triethylene glycol attached at the ester bond(s) for a 1:1 conjugate, a 2:1 conjugate, and a 3:1 conjugate. These chlorin sensitizers were studied for hydrolytic stability and solubility. Our studies included an analysis of ovarian OVCAR-5 cancer cell uptake, localization, and phototoxicity. Because of our interest in fiber-based photosensitizer and singlet oxygen delivery methods, desirable aspects of the 3:1 chlorin e6 conjugate make it a potential sensitizer for incorporation into a fiber optic device, particularly in the area of ovarian cancer photodynamic therapy. Citation Format: Ashwini Ghogare, Goutam Ghosh, Stanley Kimani, Dorota Bartusik, Benjamin Rudshteyn, Tayyaba Hasan, Alexander Greer. Synthesis and characterization of PEGylated chlorin e6 sensitizers for the photodynamic killing of human ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2481. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2481
The Federal Trade Commission Enters a New Arena: Health Services
Authors: Joseph C. Avellone, Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

In 1975, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) commenced an investigation into four major health-related areas: AMA policy on physician advertising, control of health-provider supply, solo-practice physicians as inhibitors of HMO development, and the relative value scale (RVS) as a form of collusive fee setting. The current status of FTC activities in these four areas is variable, to some extent confidential, and represents a new interface between the federal government and the medical profession.Physicians, justifiably concerned over rising costs and the need to emphasize quality of care at low cost, may wonder if it is appropriate for the FTC, created . . .
Scintigraphic Findings of Growth Arrest Lines After Bisphosphonate Administration in a Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis Patient
Authors: Il Ki Hong, Jin-Soon Suh, Yeon-Ah Lee, Deog-Yoon Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption, and are used to treat patients who have low bone mineral density. This treatment results in the development of growth arrest lines, which typically appear parallel sclerotic lines to the growth plate on radiographs. We describe the case of a 14-year-old boy with steroid-induced osteoporosis, who was treated by pamidronate. This patient exhibited linearly increased bilateral uptake in the shafts of his femora, tibiae, radii, and ulnae that were parallel to the growth plates. A simple radiograph corresponding bone scan demonstrated linear sclerotic lines at the same sites.
P1-06-06: The Importance of CXCL10 and CXCR3-A in Breast Cancer.
Authors: E Hilborn, T Sivik, A Kot, T Fornander, L Skoog, B Nordenskjöld, O Stål, A Jansson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: CXCL10 is a chemokine with chemo attractant properties which signals through G protein-coupled receptor CXCR3. At least two reported isoforms exists; CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B. CXCL10 is involved in the recruitment of leucocytes, immune modulation and angiogenesis. In animal models CXCL10 inhibits tumour growth, metastase formation and inhibits angiogenesis. The receptors have opposite features; CXCR3-A mediates proliferative or anti-apoptotic response and CXCR3-B mediates growth inhibition and apoptosis in response to ligand binding. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CXCL10 and CXCR3-A as prognostic or tamoxifen treatment predictive factors in breast cancer. Material and Methods: A randomized tamoxifen trial comprising 1,780 breast cancer patients was conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, 1976–1990. All patients had lymph node negative primary breast cancer and were postmenopausal at the time of diagnosis. The patients were randomized to tamoxifen or no endocrine treatment. We analyzed the protein expression of CXCL10 and the receptor CXCR3A with immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays, which were constructed from paraffin blocks originating from 912 patients. CXCL10 and CXCR3A could be scored in 793 (87%) and 735 (81%), respectively. Results: High expression of CXCL10 was associated with significant benefit of tamoxifen treatment concerning local recurrence and breast cancer survival (P=0.02 and P=0.008). For patients with high CXCL10 expression, tamoxifen decreased the risk concerning local recurrence (rate ratio (RR) = 0.56, 95% C.I. 0.33−0.97, P=0.0029) and breast cancer survival (RR 0.6 95% C.I. 0.39−0.97, P=0.023). High expression of CXCR3-A was associated with significant benefit of tamoxifen treatment concerning total recurrence and breast cancer survival (P=0.00001 and P=0.004, respectively). For patients with high CXCR3-A expression, tamoxifen decreased the risk of total recurrence (RR 0.54 95% C.I. 0.35−0.83, P=0.005) and breast cancer survival (RR 0.49 95% C.I. 0.35−0.69, P=0.00003). On the opposite, in the cohort of patients with no endocrine treatment and high CXCR3-A expression, there was an increased risk of total recurrence (P=0.003). (RR 2.07 95% C.I. 1.18−3.61, P=0.011). Conclusions: This study indicates that high expression of CXCL10 can be used as predictive markers for tamoxifen treatment. Further, high expression of CXCR3-A is related to bad prognosis and predicts tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients. This needs to be further evaluated. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-06.
Two Cases of Snake-bite
Authors: B. E. A. Batt
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Treatment of Cerebral MalariaDuring recent months certain contributions on malaria have appeared in the Journal which have apparently been written by authors with limited experience of this disease.Although these contributions have added little or nothing to existing knowledge, they have in the main been helpful to those who are encountering malaria for the first time.This cannot be said of the article by Surg.Lieut.Sneddon (Jolurtial, 1943, 2, 814), reporting a fatal case of cerebral malaria, in which the commentary on treatment is seriously misleading. DOSAGE OF QUININEThe author records the administration of intravenous quinine in a dosage of 10 gr.daily, and comments that this dosage was higher than the 5 to 7 gr.daily advocated by Manson-Bahr (1942), leaving the impression with the reader that 10 gr.daily should be adequate for the treatment of cerebral malaria.It may be useful to present in tabular form the recommendations of various authorities on the optimum dosage of quinine in that disease.Initial Dose Subsequent Dosage Indicated Authority Preparation gr.Route Amount (gr.) Route Field (1938) Quinine 7. I.V. 101; up to total of 30 I.M. dihydrochlor.l0o I.M. in 24 hours Manson-Bahr 10 I.V. "Free and frequent ad-Not (1940a) ministration of quinstated ine Manson-Bahr ,, 15 I.V.Not stated (1940b)Manson-Bahr ,, 5-7 I.V. 5-7 daily I.V.
Comparison of diagnostic clinical samples and environmental sampling for enterovirus and parechovirus surveillance in Scotland, 2010 to 2012
Authors: H Harvala, J Calvert, D Van Nguyen, L Clasper, N Gadsby, P Molyneaux, K Templeton, C McWilliams Leitch, P Simmonds
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Human enteroviruses (EV) and parechoviruses (HPeV) within the family Picornaviridae are the most common causes of viral central nervous system (CNS)-associated infections including meningitis and neonatal sepsis-like disease. The frequencies of EV and HPeV types identified in clinical specimens collected in Scotland over an eight-year period were compared to those identified in sewage surveillance established in Edinburgh. Of the 35 different EV types belonging to four EV species (A to D) and the four HPeV types detected in this study, HPeV3 was identified as the most prevalent picornavirus in cerebrospinal fluid samples, followed by species B EV. Interestingly, over half of EV and all HPeV CNS-associated infections were observed in young infants (younger than three months). Detection of species A EV including coxsackievirus A6 and EV71 in clinical samples and sewage indicates that these viruses are already widely circulating in Scotland. Furthermore, species C EV were frequently identified EV in sewage screening but they were not present in any of 606 EV-positive clinical samples studied, indicating their likely lower pathogenicity. Picornavirus surveillance is important not only for monitoring the changing epidemiology of these infections but also for the rapid identification of spread of emerging EV and/or HPeV types.
TCT-18 Long-term Outcome Of Discordance Between Fractional Flow Reserve And Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve After Deferral Of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Tim van de Hoef, Martijn Piek, M. Meuwissen, Ronak Delewi, Peter Damman, Mariëlla Hassell, Steven Chamuleau, Michiel Voskuil, Jan Tijssen, Jan Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)