tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human GM-CSF Autoantibodies and Reproduction of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: Takuro Sakagami, Kanji Uchida, Takuji Suzuki, Brenna C. Carey, Robert E. Wood, Susan E. Wert, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Bruce C. Trapnell, Maurizio Luisetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease in which surfactant lipids and proteins accumulate in pulmonary alveolar macrophages and alveoli, resulting in respiratory insufficiency and, in severe cases, respiratory failure.1 Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies occur in these patients2 and may mediate the pathogenesis of this disease, but they are also present in healthy persons and in immune globulin prepared from plasma obtained from healthy persons. Since GM-CSF is required for surfactant catabolism by alveolar macrophages in mice, we hypothesized that high levels of GM-CSF autoantibodies (i.e., levels sufficient to eliminate endogenous GM-CSF priming of myeloid . . .
Effect of bran particle size on gastric emptying and small bowel transit in humans: a scintigraphic study.
Authors: R Vincent, A Roberts, M Frier, A C Perkins, I A MacDonald, R C Spiller
Journal: Gut (1995)

Bran is an effective treatment for constipation but its use is often limited by heartburn and bloating. This study examined the effect of fine and coarse bran (15 g) on the gastric emptying and small bowel transit of a 325 kcal rice test meal. Twelve healthy volunteers underwent a three way cross over study, ingesting the technetium-99m labelled rice meal with or without 15 g of indium-111m labelled fine or coarse bran, in random order. Serial scintigraphic images were obtained to define gastric emptying and colonic arrival of label. Compared with control values (99 (9) minutes) (mean (SEM)), the time to 50% gastric emptying was significantly delayed by coarse but not fine bran, being 121 (6) and 104 (9) minutes respectively, p &lt; 0.05, n = 12. Fundal emptying was unchanged but both brans seemed to increase the proportion of isotope in the antrum at 90 minutes. Small bowel transit was slightly faster with both bran types but in this study the difference was not significant. Both the bran and rice labels moved down the gut without significant separation. Fine bran causes less disturbance of gastric physiology than coarse bran.
Brain Tumor in the Newborn Infant
Authors: Peter F. Schatzki, Saverio G. Mortati, William G. McCain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

CEREBRAL hemorrhage in the newborn infant is never without cause, but attempts to demonstrate such a cause are often fruitless. In the following case an unusual cause was demonstrated.Case ReportJ. G., a 22-year-old gravida 1, para 1, with expected date of confinement on June 1, 1955, was admitted to the hospital on May 4, stating that in an automobile accident that day she had been thrown against the dashboard. Labor started approximately 10 hours after the accident and was followed by slight vaginal bleeding. The prenatal course was complicated by a threatened abortion, for which she was hospitalized . . .
Improvement of coronary artery endothelial dysfunction with lipid-lowering therapy: heterogeneity of segmental response and correlation with plasma-oxidized low density lipoprotein
Authors: William F Penny, Ori Ben-Yehuda, Kenji Kuroe, John Long, Alan Bond, Valmik Bhargava, Joseph F Peterson, Martin McDaniel, Joseph Juliano, Joseph L Witztum, John Ross, Kirk L Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Fewer younger women are undergoing female genital mutilation, study finds
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The practice of female genital mutilation is becoming less widespread in countries with low prevalence of the practice, prompting the children’s charity Unicef to say there are strong signs it will become a “vestige of the past.”

A statistical report on the 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East where the practice is most prevalent shows that in some countries the practice is declining rapidly.1 Researchers used 70 household surveys conducted over a 20 year period, as well as carrying out new surveys, to look at the changing landscape surrounding female genital mutilation.

Researchers asked women and girls aged 15 to 19 years whether they had undergone the procedure, which in most cases takes place before the age of 10. They asked the same question …
Do respiratory epidemics confound the association between air pollution and daily deaths?
Authors: A.L.F. Braga, A. Zanobetti, J Schwartz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Daily deaths are associated with air pollution. This association might be con*hhy;founded by uncontrolled risk factors. In order to estimate the potential confounding caused by respiratory epidemics of the association between air pollution and health effects, a time series study of air pollution and daily deaths was carried out. Daily records of deaths for all ages were obtained from five US cities: Chicago, IL; Detroit, MI; Minneapolis, MN; Pittsburgh, PA; and Seattle, WA. Daily levels of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM10) and weather measurements were obtained. City-specific analysis was carried out using Poisson regression, adjusting for time trend, ambient temperature, dew point, barometric pressure and day of the week. A cubic polynomial was used for each epidemic period (> or =10 days of excessive pneumonia hospital admissions), and a dummy variable was used to control for isolated epidemic days. A 10-microg x m(-3) increase in PM10 concentration (lag 0-1) was associated with increased daily deaths in Chicago (0.81%, 95% confidence internal (CI) 0.54-1.09); Detroit (0.87%, 95% CI 0.60-1.15), Minneapolis (1.34%, 95% CI 0.78-1.90), Pittsburgh (0.84%, 95% CI 0.51-1.18) and Seattle (0.52%, 95% CI 0.11-0.94). When controlling for respiratory epidemics, small decreases in the PMlo effect were observed (Chicago 9%, Detroit 11%, Minneapolis 3%, Pittsburgh 5%, and Seattle 15%). The overall effect of PM10 concentration was 0.85% (95% CI 0.60-1.10) per 10 microg x m(-3) before controlling for epidemics and 0.78% (95% CI 0.51-1.05) after. This study showed that the association between air pollution and daily deaths is not due to failure to control for influenza or pneumonia epidemics.
“Lean” thinking may cut NHS inefficiencies and improves patient care
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A management technique pioneered by the Japanese car manufacturer Toyota 60 years ago, the “lean” technique, could be used in the NHS to cut waste and inefficiencies and improve patient care. This is the conclusion of a new report commissioned by the NHS Confederation, the body that represents NHS trusts.

The technique, which has already been deployed by the UK supermarket chain Tesco and the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy, has now been applied to healthcare organisations, including in Australia and two NHS trusts in England, says a report from the confederation.

The lean technique entails assessing every process for its value to the customer (or patient), redesigning it …
Abstract 4674: Pilot study of intrahepatic artery chemotherapy in combination with sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Authors: Lynn G. Feun, Govindarajan Narayanan, Jose Yrizarry, Vy Dinh, Niramol Savaraj, Christopher O'Brien, Paul Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Sorafenib and chemoembolization of the liver (TACE) have both produced increased survival in patients (pts) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, not all HCC pts can tolerate or accept TACE due to portal vein thrombosis or risk of liver failure.Chemotherapy infused via intrahepatic artery infusion (IA) may potentially increase drug delivery to the tumor while reducing systemic toxicity. In this pilot trial, we combined IA cisplatin or IA carboplatin with oral sorafenib for pts with unresectable HCC and report our results herein. Methods: Major inclusion criteria into this study include:unresectable HCC, Child's A or early Child's B (maximum 7 points on Child-Pugh scale), serum bilirubin &amp;lt;3 mg/dl, ECOG performance status 0-1. Treatment plan:IA cisplatin 60 mg/m2 or carboplatin AUC =6 was infused percutaneously IA on day 1 and then every 6 weeks. Sorafenib 400 mg po bid was given on day 1 and continuously. MRI or CT abdomen was done every 6 weeks. Recist criteria was used to measure response. Results: 11 pts were accrued onto the study.Median age was 65 (range 48-84), median number of cycles 2 (range 1-7). Of 10 evaluable pts, 6 had clinical benefit (4 partial responses for 2+, 3+, 8+ and 18 months, 2 minor responses). Two of the responding pts withdrew to have ablation therapy or liver transplant after their HCC was able to be downstaged and remain free of disease for 32+ and 36+ months. Toxicity was generally tolerable and no pt withdrew due to drug toxicity. Conclusion: Preliminary results with IA cisplatin or IA carboplatin with sorafenib are encouraging and this combination may downstage some pts with unresectable HCC. Further studies with this regimen are indicated. Supported by Bayer HealthCare and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Citation Format: Lynn G. Feun, Govindarajan Narayanan, Jose Yrizarry, Vy Dinh, Niramol Savaraj, Christopher O'Brien, Paul Martin. Pilot study of intrahepatic artery chemotherapy in combination with sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4674. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4674
RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND ISCHEMIC AND NON-ISCHEMIC ETIOLOGY OF CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Jenie George, Gregory Ouellet, Arthur J. Moss, David Martin, Alon Barsheshet, Scott McNitt, Ilan Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
KNOTTING OF DUODENAL TUBE DURING BILIARY DRAINAGE
Authors: George M. Niles
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The knotting of a duodenal tube during biliary drainage, as reported by Dr. Russell S. Boles<sup>1</sup>of Philadelphia, happened once under my observation. After the duodenal tube was supposedly in place, the injection of magnesium sulphate was made with great difficulty, there was no return flow of bile, and the patient felt a sense of discomfort. Therefore I withdrew the tube, which required considerable effort, and I found the distal end, about 6 inches from the metal tip, tied in a knot. A new tube was introduced, and after that the drainage was satisfactory. <h3>Standardizing the Hormone.</h3> —The physiologically important hormone stored in the gland must be sufficiently stable to resist the necessary chemical processes of making the gland extract; and, for practical organotherapy, the hormone must resist the action of the digestive enzymes and must be absorbed into the blood in active form. The hormone
Abstract 5560: Characterization of a new non-steroidal small molecule inhibitor of CYP17 for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Bert Oehlen, Siobhan McCormack, Gaifeng Ma, Dong Sung Lim, Bijoy Panicker, Itzhak D. Goldberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Prostate cancer affects 1 in 6 men and is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Since the majority of prostate cancers critically depend on androgens for growth, androgen deprivation therapy is a frontline treatment for advanced prostate cancer. The majority of prostate tumors initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy, but eventually the disease often progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, the current therapies that only reduce androgen produced in the testis do not affect androgen produced by adrenal glands can also produce androgens. This extra-testicular androgen production is thought to be a key factor in the development of castration resistant prostate cancer. CYP17 is a P450 enzyme that catalyzes the last step of androgen biosynthesis in both the testis and the adrenals. Inhibition of CYP17 therefore completely blocks androgen production and it is thus thought to be more effective to prevent prostate cancer progression than current therapies. Angion Biomedica has identified a promising series of proprietary non-steroidal CYP17 inhibitors. Our lead compound is potent, orally bioavailable, and significantly reduces serum testosterone levels in mice. Treatment of rats and mice with our lead CYP17 inhibitor significantly reduces the weights of androgen dependent organs. In two mouse xenograft models of androgen-dependent tumor growth our lead CYP17 inhibitor markedly reduces primary tumor growth, serum testosterone and PSA levels. Angion is currently further evaluating the therapeutic potential of this series of compounds as a possible therapy for castration resistant prostate cancer. Citation Format: Bert Oehlen, Siobhan McCormack, Gaifeng Ma, Dong Sung Lim, Bijoy Panicker, Itzhak D. Goldberg. Characterization of a new non-steroidal small molecule inhibitor of CYP17 for castration-resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5560. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5560
An unconscious patient
Authors: C. Clarke, E. Hui, N. Oliver, K. Wynne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 52 year old woman was found collapsed and unresponsive by her relatives. She was taken by ambulance to the accident and emergency department. On arrival her relatives reported that she was last seen the day before admission, and that she had epilepsy, mild learning difficulties, and type 2 diabetes. Her general practitioner had recently started her on insulin detemir 10 units once daily because of poor glycaemic control. She also took gliclazide 120 mg once daily, metformin 1 g twice daily, pioglitazone 45 mg once daily, phenytoin 100 mg three times daily, and rosuvastatin 20 mg at night. She lived alone in a flat and was independent in all activities of daily living. She had never been admitted to hospital for a complication related to diabetes or epilepsy.

On arrival, her temperature was 32.2°C, blood pressure was 60/30 mm Hg, pulse was 97 beats/min, and her Glasgow coma score was 4/15. Her capillary glucose was beyond the upper limit of the meter and her urinary ketones were negative. Arterial blood gas analysis showed pH 6.85, partial pressure of oxygen 14.2 kPa, partial pressure of carbon dioxide 10.2 kPa, and a base excess of −20.5 mmol/L. Blood tests showed glucose more than 40 mmol/L, lactate 5.1 mmol/L, potassium 2.9 mmol/L, and bicarbonate 8.9 mmol/L. The table⇓ shows the patient’s blood test result before her cardiac arrest with reference ranges.

View this table:

Results of blood tests taken before the patient’s cardiac arrest



While in the accident and emergency department, she had a tonic-clonic seizure, followed by an asystolic cardiac arrest. She regained circulation after two cycles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. She was intubated and transferred to the intensive care unit. On examination she had bibasal chest crepitations. Her cardiovascular and abdominal examinations were normal. A neurological examination was limited because she was sedated, …
Small-Pox Imported into Iceland by French Fishing Vessels, Stamped out by Quarantine and Sulphurous Fumigations
Authors: J. Hjaltelin
Journal: BMJ (1871)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OUR VAL. made to the possibility of this accident from i8 to 25: it is only mentioned in a very casual manner that this does not take place after 14 or I6.However, I have had several cases at a later age than that.(Here Mr. Hewett showed a specimen in which there was a separation of the epiphysis at the age of I8.)You see the condyle completely torn off: * Captain Timbre, the Commander of the French Squadron stationed here, thought that the matter looked rather serious; for, on account of his report, a large ambulance steamer was fitted out by the French Government.This steamer, how- ever, arrived here in June, when all was over.It had on board four physicians and
Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Thomas J. Carlow
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A 21-year-old woman had pseudotumor cerebri as a major manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Recognition of this rare association precluded the performance of hazardous neuroradiologic procedures. Treatment with systemic steroids produced a dramatic resolution of all symptoms and signs, including the papilledema. (<i>JAMA</i>228:197-200, 1974)
A Bag Man
Authors: None Jiminy
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Do you have days when you trudge around dispirited; you feel as though there has just been or is soon to be an explosion; sighs in the office are contagious, nothing is accomplished, and at five o'clock when you skulk out the door, you are pelted by sheets of an April sleetstorm screaming off the lake? On such days my thoughts turn to my old friend and patient, Earnest Pocket, the bag man. Bag people are individuals who carry all their earthly goods in shopping bags. They are ubiquitous in large, US cities; one sees them sifting through garbage for choice discards, wearing layers of thermal underwear covered by soiled, tattered overcoats. In time, the clothing adheres to the skin of the bag person and may conceal medically interesting but disquieting lesions. Bag people fall into two groups, depending on whether or not they mumble out loud. The mumbling bag
Regional Variations and the Effect of Hydration and Epidermal Stripping.
Authors: ETAIN CRONIN, RICHARD B. STOUGHTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article Regional Variations and the Effect of Hydration and Epidermal Stripping. Get access ETAIN CRONIN, ETAIN CRONIN Associate Professor and Director of Dermatology, Western Reserve University, Cleveland 6, Ohio, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RICHARD B. STOUGHTON RICHARD B. STOUGHTON Associate Professor and Director of Dermatology, Western Reserve University, Cleveland 6, Ohio, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 7, 1 July 1962, Pages 265–272, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13504.x Published: 01 July 1962
Diagnostic performance of three assays for anticitrullinated protein antibodies in the very early arthritis 'ESPOIR' cohort
Authors: P. Nicaise-Roland, L. Nogueira, C. Demattei, S. Grootenboer-Mignot, L. De Chaisemartin, N. Rincheval, M. Cornillet, P. Dieude, M. Dougados, A. Cantagrel, O. Meyer, G. Serre, S. Chollet-Martin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are recognised as the most specific markers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their detection can be performed with various ELISAs using either the autoantigenic targets (human mutated vimentin: MCV and human fibrinogen: AhFibA) or cyclic peptides (CCP2). We investigated the diagnostic value of these ELISAs in a French cohort of undifferentiated arthritis of less than 6-month duration (ESPOIR cohort). <h3>Material and methods</h3> 685 patients were followed until 2 years after inclusion. Antibodies were determined at baseline. The cut-off of each assay was previously determined in order to obtain a similar 98% diagnostic specificity. Diagnostic sensitivity was determined for patients classified as RA at 2 years, according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. <h3>Results</h3> 592 (86.4 %) patients were classified as RA at 2 years. 47–48.5 % of RA patients were positive for one single test at baseline without any significant differences between the 3 assays, and 317 (53.5 %) were positive for at least one. Discrepant results were observed for eight patients positive only for anti-CCP2, 17 for anti-MCV antibodies, and 16 for AhFibA. 95 patients classified as RA at 2 years were not classified as RA at baseline: 30 of them (31.5%) were positive for at least one assay at baseline. If the positivity of at least one assay is included in the diagnostic criteria, 543 patients are classified as RA (79.3%) at inclusion, instead of 497 (72.5%) without it. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The performance of the three ACPA assays is similar but the tests do not totally overlap. In very early undifferentiated arthritis, the detection of the three ACPA subfamilies increased the sensitivity of 6% as compared with the assays of only 1 marker with the risk of a slight decrease in specificity. Moreover, the positivity of one ACPA assay 2 years before the diagnosis was predictive for RA in 30% of the 95 patients without a diagnosis at inclusion. When ACPA were included among the diagnostic criteria, 7% more patients were classified as RA at inclusion. These results are in perfect agreement with the new ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA which now include ACPA.
Metal Stents for Palliation of Rectal Carcinoma: a Preliminary Report on 12 Patients
Authors: J.-.F. Rey, T. Romanczyk, M. Greff
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Laser therapy is often the only alternative to palliative surgery for elderly patients with advanced rectal carcinoma. In order to reduce the number of laser sessions required, we tried to insert metal stents after initial relief of the obstruction.In 12 patients (seven female, five male, aged 77-91 years) with rectal or rectosigmoid carcinomas, metallic self-expanding stents (length 5-10 cm, internal diameter 1-2 cm) were introduced. Initial treatments were performed with Nd:YAG laser (mean number of sessions 3.1) in order to allow free passage of an adult colonoscope. Endoscopic and clinical follow-up was carried out at regular intervals.Stent insertion was possible in 11 of the 12 patients. Failure occurred in one patient with sigmoid carcinoma with a distorted loop and diverticulosis. In three patients, the prostheses migrated due to the opening of the lumen being too large; after stent removal, a second stent was successfully placed. Seven patients have died since the beginning of the study, all from the initial disease, without symptoms of stent occlusion. Stenting allowed the number of laser sessions to be reduced. The interval between the laser sessions was extended from 5.1 weeks in a historical control group of 65 patients to the 9.7 weeks in these 11 patients with additional stenting.Stenting for rectal carcinoma is technically feasible and safe, and probably reduces the number of laser sessions required. However, better materials are required.