tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Colchicine and Vinblastine on the Cellular Action of Vasopressin in Mammalian Kidney A POSSIBLE ROLE OF MICROTUBULES
Authors: Thomas P. Dousa, Larry D. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

To evaluate the possible role of microtubules in the cellular action of vasopressin on the mammalian kidney, the effects of microtubule-disrupting agents were studied in vivo and in vitro. In vivo studies were done in rats in mild to moderate water diuresis induced by drinking 5% glucose. Microtubule-disrupting alkaloids, colchicine (0.1 mg/day) or vinblastine (0.08 mg/day), given intraperitoneally, did not change water and solute excretion itself, but blocked or markedly inhibited the antidiuretic response (increase in urine osmolality and decrease in urine flow) to exogenous vasopressin. Total solute excretion was unaffected by these two alkaloids and there were no substantial changes in excretion of sodium, potassium, or creatinine. Lumicolchicine, a derivative of colchicine that does not interact with microtubules, did not alter the antidiuretic response to exogenous vasopressin. Activities of adenylate cyclase in the renal medullary plasma membrane, and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and protein kinase in renal medullary cytosol, were not influenced by 10(-5)-10(-4) M colchicine or vinblastine in vitro. Studies on the subcellular distribution of microtubular protein (assessed as [(3)H]colchicine-binding protein) in renal medulla shows that this protein is contained predominantly in the cytosol. Particulate fractions, including plasma membrane, contain only a minute amount (less than 6%) of the colchicine-binding activity. The results suggest that the integrity of cytoplasmic microtubules in cells of the distal nephron is required for the antidiuretic action of vasopressin, probably in the sites distal to cyclic AMP generation in the mammalian kidney.
History of the Specialty of Infectious Diseases in the United States
Authors: EDWARD H. KASS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Infectious diseases in the United States were for generations so integral to health and medicine that a special interest in the field, except for investigative purposes, could hardly be contemplated. With declining mortality and morbidity from infections, and the advent of major antimicrobial drugs, interest in infectious disease flagged in clinical and microbiological departments. Several factors have caused a new interest in infectious disease, including the appearance of newly recognized infectious disease syndromes; advances in microbiologic, immunologic, virologie, and epidemiologic understanding; increased societal interest; proliferation of effective therapeutic and preventive agents; and the general thrust toward specialization. This interest led to the formation of societies, subspecialty boards, and journals, and accounts for the prominence of infectious disease in clinical departments and in national thought. Similar developments are taking place at various rates in other countries, with renewed attention to the toll of infectious diseases in developing countries.
When do pregnant women attend for antenatal care?
Authors: H Simpson, G Walker
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The case records of a representative sample of 313 women from four health districts in the North-east Thames Health Region were reviewed to determine the stage of pregnancy at which they contact antenatal services. Patients seeking care (when a blood specimen was obtained) after 20 weeks9 gestation ranged from 6% to 26%. These women were more likely to be of higher parity and immigrants. Appreciable delays in obtaining an early blood specimen, or in referral to a hospital antenatal clinic, were due to delay by hospitals in giving appointments and, to a lesser extent, to slowness of general practitioners in referring patients or taking blood.
Genome-wide association study identifies five loci associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer in Chinese populations
Authors: Chen Wu, Xiaoping Miao, Liming Huang, Xu Che, Guoliang Jiang, Dianke Yu, Xianghong Yang, Guangwen Cao, Zhibin Hu, Yongjian Zhou, Chaohui Zuo, Chunyou Wang, Xianghong Zhang, Yifeng Zhou, Xianjun Yu, Wanjin Dai, Zhaoshen Li, Hongbing Shen, Luming Liu, Yanling Chen, Sheng Zhang, Xiaoqi Wang, Kan Zhai, Jiang Chang, Yu Liu, Menghong Sun, Wei Cao, Jun Gao, Ying Ma, Xiongwei Zheng, Siu Tim Cheung, Yongfeng Jia, Jian Xu, Wen Tan, Ping Zhao, Tangchun Wu, Chengfeng Wang, Dongxin Lin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
THE DIRECTION OF GROWTH OF HUMAN EPIDERMIS
Authors: HERMANN PINKUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

A review of epidermal and dermal architecture and biology provides an array of facts supporting the classical concept that movement of cells in the human epidermis is in an outward direction in the steady state as well as in the development of non-neoplastic acanthosis. The review provides no data which would require an adjustment of our thinking to accept Ryan's (1966) hypothesis of inward migration.
TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION FOR PATIENTS WITH BICUSPID SEVERE AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS
Authors: Kentaro Hayashida, Thierry Lef&egrave;vre, Bernard Chevalier, Thomas Hovasse, Mauro Romano, Philippe Garot, Arnaud Farge, Patrick Donzeau-Gouge, Erik Bouvier, Bertrand Cormier, Marie-Claude Morice
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Successful endoscopic polypectomy for colonic vascular ectasia presenting as pedunculated polypoid lesion
Authors: I. Lin, W. Chang, S. Shih, S. Lin, Y. Chen, H. Wang, C. Chu, T. Wang, T. Liou, L. Shyung, M. Bair
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Colonic vascular ectasia is a potential and frequent cause of lower intestinal bleeding in the elderly. Recent advances in colonoscopy have discovered colonic vascular ectasia with increasing frequency. Colonic vascular ectasia often presents as multiple reddish, slightly elevated, mucosal lesions. It may be treated at colonoscopy with laser photocoagulation, heat probe, electrocoagulation, and argon plasma coagulation [1] [2] [3] [4]. We present a case of an unusual pedunculated polypoid colonic ectasia that was successfully treated with endoscopic polypectomy.
Communication aids in patients with motor neurone disease.
Authors: A R Perry, M Gawel, F C Rose
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The study aimed at determining the main factors responsible for the speech and communication problems in motor neurone disease to try to assess the suitability of commercially available aids. Sixteen patients suffering from motor neurone disease with communication problems had their speech assessed by using the Frenchay dysarthria assessment. It was found essential to offer a choice of aids to the patient since suitability of a particular aid could not be evaluated without the patient practising with it.
THE ABSENCE OF DETERIORATING EFFECTS OF BROMIDES IN EPILEPSY
Authors: HARRY A. PASKIND
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Bromine was discovered by Balard<sup>1</sup>in 1828; he was also the first to produce potassium bromide. In 1850 Huette<sup>1</sup>published a study of the action of potassium bromide and stated that it causes general and sexual sedation, anesthesia of the palate and throat, mental torpor, disorders of motility and cutaneous anesthesia. Locock<sup>2</sup>first used bromides in epilepsy and noted its favorable effect. Later Voisin<sup>1</sup>and Brown-Séquard<sup>1</sup>systematized and made clear the use of bromides in this disorder, and ever since they have been in general use. That they diminish the number and severity of seizures has been demonstrated times beyond number. The reputation of bromides is, however, not unsullied, for many writers, old and modern, have stated that in patients with epilepsy they produce mental deterioration. Eccheverria<sup>3</sup>in 1870 stated that a single dose of from 10 to 20 grains (0.65 to 1.30 Gm.)
Diagnostic Shifts During the Decade Following First Admission for Psychosis
Authors: Evelyn J. Bromet, Roman Kotov, Laura J. Fochtmann, Gabrielle A. Carlson, Marsha Tanenberg-Karant, Camilo Ruggero, Su-wei Chang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Diagnostic shifts have been prospectively examined in the short term, but the long-term stability of diagnoses has rarely been evaluated. The authors examined diagnostic shifts over a 10-year follow-up period.A cohort of 470 first-admission patients with psychotic disorders was systematically assessed at baseline and at 6-month, 2-year, and 10-year follow-ups. Longitudinal best-estimate consensus diagnoses were formulated after each assessment.At baseline, the diagnostic distribution was 29.6% schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 21.1% bipolar disorder with psychotic features, 17.0% major depression with psychotic features, 2.4% substance-induced psychosis, and 27.9% other psychoses. At year 10, the distribution changed to 49.8%, 24.0%, 11.1%, 7.0%, and 8.1%, respectively. Overall, diagnoses were changed for 50.7% of study participants at some point during the study. Most participants who were initially diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder retained the diagnosis at year 10 (89.2% and 77.8%, respectively). However, 32.0% of participants (N=98) originally given a non-schizophrenia diagnosis had gradually shifted to a schizophrenia diagnosis by year 10. The second largest shift was to bipolar disorder (10.7% of those not given this diagnosis at baseline). Changes in the clinical picture explained many diagnostic shifts. In particular, poorer functioning and greater negative and psychotic symptom ratings predicted a subsequent shift to schizophrenia. Better functioning and lower negative and depressive symptom ratings predicted the shift to bipolar disorder.First-admission patients with psychotic disorders run the risk of being misclassified at early stages in the illness course, including more than 2 years after first hospitalization. Diagnosis should be reassessed at all follow-up points.
Points from Letters: Sensitivity to Intravenous Anaesthetics
Authors: D. P. Mason
Journal: BMJ (1974)

1) That this commnittee agrees to ap- point an appropriate number of members to serve on its two District Medical Committees."(2) That if the General Medical Services Committee so advises, these members will not participate in-the work of the District Medical Committees until the ques- tion of remuneration or reimbursement for loss of earnings is agreed with the Depart- ment of Health and Social Security."-Weare, etc.,
Electrocardiographic profile of volleyball players
Authors: J C de la Cruz-Márquez, B Cueto-Martín, J C de la Cruz-Campos, A de la Cruz-Campos
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The 12-lead ECG is not only necessary for diagnosing the sports aptitude of players, but it also provides information on their training condition and cardiovascular adaptations to exercise. Objective To determine the electrocardiographic adaptations of high-level volleyball players and relate them to their level of training. Design Retrospective study over the course of 18 years, from 1992 to 2009. We analyzed the ECGs taken at the start of each season as part of routine medical test. We analyzed 1080 ECGs (15 players/18 years/4 teams – two male and two female). Setting and participants Male and female youth and Honor Division teams from the same club. 180 women (94 youth, 86 senior) and 210 men (126 youth, 84 senior) (mean age, height, weight). Intervention In August–September of each season, a resting ECG was taken for each player to determine pre-competitive fitness. Independent variables: sex, age, years of training. Dependent variables: P waves, QRS, T in duration and voltage and ECG evaluation (axes). Results ECG/player Average: 5.6±1.9, FC resting: 66.3±3 bpm. Left ventricular hypertrophy: 38.95%±8.9; Right ventricular hypertrophy: 12.77%±3.4. Right Bundle Branch Block: 25.64%±8.3. Participants who required echocardiography: eight players: ST segment depression. five players: Inverted or flattened T wave in two or more leads. Three men and two women: Corrected QT interval prolongation in heart rate (QTc)&gt; 0.44 s in men and&gt; 0.46 s in women. Echocardiography ruled out organic disease. There were no differences in terms of years of training or level. Conclusions Electrocardiographic adaptations in volleyball are similar to those in the literature for team sports. There was no pathological study and all were declared fit for the high-level sport.
Report of Analyses of Urine during Severe Exercise in the Case of Mr. Weston
Authors: F. W. Pavy
Journal: BMJ (1876)

4; free acidity, reckoned as oxalic acid, I.89 grammes in I,ooo cubic centirn?tres (.828 grains in one ounce); clear, and of a pale straw colour.Mlicroscopic characters: Only a few epi- thelial particles visible.Composition in I,OOO parts: Water ... ... .
Rabbit hepatocytes in primary culture: Preparation, viability and use in studies of propranolol metabolism
Authors: Horace E. Walpole, William M. Lee, Thomas Walle, U. Kristina Walle, Michael J. Wilson, John W. Kennedy
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Isolated hepatocyte cultures have become a frequently used model system for investigating drug metabolism. Although rat and hamster hepatocytes are frequently used for this purpose, metabolism in these species differs in many respects from human metabolism. A species with a metabolism more closely resembling that of humans might be more useful. Our in vivo experiments demonstrated that the metabolism of propranolol in the rabbit is more similar to that in humans than in rats or hamsters. We therefore examined the usefulness of rabbit parenchymal liver cells for studies of propranolol metabolism. A detailed method is presented for their preparation and culture, along with data on their viability, structure and protein synthesizing capability. One- or two-day-old hepatocyte cultures were exposed to 10 mumol/L 3H-propranolol from 30 min to 2 hr; metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Propranolol metabolism was linear over 1 hr, with 15% of the substrate metabolized during this time. The cytochrome P-450 pathways, which result in ring oxidation and side-chain oxidation, were expressed in a reproducible fashion similar to that found in vivo in humans. The arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-naphthoflavone (100 mumol/L) inhibited side-chain oxidation of propranolol by 90% without affecting ring oxidation. In contrast, chlorpromazine (100 mumol/L) was shown to inhibit ring oxidation of propranolol by 85% without affecting side-chain oxidation. Cimetidine (250 mumol/L) inhibited both pathways by about 50%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
F(ab')2 fragments of anti-Mo1 (904) monoclonal antibodies do not prevent myocardial stunning.
Authors: R J Schott, B S Nao, T B McClanahan, P J Simpson, M C Stirling, R F Todd, K P Gallagher
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

To determine if inhibition of leukocyte adhesion and aggregation could improve postischemic ventricular dysfunction ("stunning"), a monoclonal antibody (904) that binds to the adhesion-promoting Mo1 glycoprotein on the cell surface of leukocytes was administered intravenously (0.5 mg/kg) to open-chest dogs before a 15-minute coronary occlusion. Ultrasonic crystals placed in ischemic and control myocardium were used to measure systolic wall thickening during a 15-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and for 3 hours after reperfusion. Myocardial blood flow was measured with tracer-labeled microspheres before occlusion, after 10 minutes of occlusion, 3 minutes of reperfusion, and at 1 and 3 hours after reperfusion. Six animals receiving anti-Mo1 antibody had antibody excess demonstrated with immunofluorescence techniques at 5 minutes and 3 hours of reperfusion; this finding indicated saturation of binding sites. Five animals served as controls and received an antibody (murine immunoglobulin G) that does not influence neutrophils. The two groups did not differ hemodynamically during ischemia and reperfusion. Risk areas and myocardial blood flow were also not significantly different between the two groups. The main parameter used to define regional myocardial stunning, percentage systolic wall thickening in the ischemic/reperfused area, did not differ significantly between the two groups. Specimens from nonischemic myocardium were compared with ischemic specimens for myeloperoxidase content. There were no significant differences within or between groups. These data indicate that the anti-Mo1 monoclonal antibody (904) is not effective in improving the profound myocardial dysfunction that persists for 3 hours of reperfusion after 15 minutes of ischemia.
Torsion of a Fallopian Tube
Authors: P. G. Seed
Journal: BMJ (1952)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA MBIULT1OHUfailed to fuse in their entire length, the upper and lower parts of the separation being covered by skin.The only other extramediastinal abnormality was the presence of rudi- mentary clefts in place of the interlobar fissures of the lungs.The diaphragm was intact, and no abnormality was found in the abdominal viscera.Dissection of the heart proved it to be of an advanced Fallot type, with a completely right-sided aorta, a large right ventricle with a tiny left ventricle, absence of the pars membranacea of the interventricular septum, and an infun- dibular pulmonary stenosis.The pulmonary artery was remarkable for its very low exit from the right ventricle, a considerable distance from the aorta, with no evidence of a previous arterial trunk.The right auricular appendage was enormously enlarged, the left very tiny, and the foramen ovale was patent.The pulmonary veins and venae cavae were normal, and the ductus arteriosus was very narrow and probably not patent after birth.
Europe moving at the speed of its slowest member in controlling tobacco
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Girls in Europe are now more likely to smoke than their mothers, and teenage smoking is on a “slight upward trend” across the continent, the World Health Organization has said. Yet some countries—mainly in the West—have succeeded in cutting tobacco use with measures such as advertising curbs and price rises.

The findings are part of a wide ranging report by the WHO's European regional headquarters on the efforts of its 51 member states to control tobacco since 1997. The report, which finds a “complex and …
Publish or Perish — Or Both
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The Journal's "Information for Authors," published in the first issue of each volume, begins with this statement: "Manuscripts of Original and Special Articles are accepted for consideration with the understanding that they, or their essential substance, tables or figures, have been neither published in nor submitted to any type of publication circulated to the medical profession." Most journals publishing original investigations have similar policies, some even more stringent. So it ought to be generally understood that duplicate reporting is a practice that is strongly discouraged.I was therefore unprepared for the following two recent incidents. Incident one: some . . .
Human Babesiosis on Nantucket Island
Authors: TRENTON K. RUEBUSH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Between 20 July and 15 October 1975, five cases of human infection with Babesia microti were diagnosed on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. The illness was characterized by fever, drenching sweats, shaking chills, myalgia, arthralgia, extreme fatigue, and a mild-to-moderate hemolytic anemia. None of the patients had a history of splenectomy. Although all patients responded symptomatically to treatment with oral chloroquine phosphate, parasitemia and fatigue frequently persisted for several weeks to months.
THE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF AUREOMYCIN 123
Authors: Henry Brainerd, Edwin H. Lennette, Gordon Meiklejohn, Henry B. Bruyn, William H. Clark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

HydronephrosisSterilization; no follow-up C. 0. E. coli Hydronephrosis Sterilization; recurrence with resistant variant B. R. Ps. aeruginosa Hydronephrosis Sterilization; no follow-up C. A. Ps.aeruginosa Hydronephrosis and calculi Suppression and disappearance of fever F. C. Ps. aeruginosa Hydronephrosis No effect; received only 1.5 grams orally G. F. Ps. aeruginosa Cord bladder No effect; received only 100 mg.intravenously
Abstract 3606: CH5126766 is a novel allosteric inhibitor of MEK that prevents its phosphorylation by RAF
Authors: Nobuya Ishii, Naoki Harada, Hiroshi Sakamoto, Yutaka Matsuda, Yasushi Tomii, Yukako Tachibana-Kondo, Takaaki Miura, Kazuhiro Ohara, Hitoshi Iikura, Toshihiro Aoki, Nobuo Shimma, Mikio Arisawa, Eric Joseph, Poulikos Poulikakos, Yoshihiro Sowa, Neal Rosen, Yuko Aoki, Toshiyuki Sakai
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Tumors with mutant BRAF or RAS are often dependent on the ERK signaling pathway. MEK and RAF inhibitors have significant antitumor activity in patients with BRAF mutant melanoma, but, thus far, MEK inhibitors have little activity in patients whose tumors contain mutant RAS. The effectiveness of the drugs seems to require near complete inhibition of ERK signaling. MEK inhibition has been shown to lead to relief of feedback inhibition of RAF and induction of MEK phosphorylation. It is possible that this induction attenuates inhibition of the pathway and reduces clinical activity. We have now isolated and characterized an allosteric inhibitor of MEK, CH5126766, with novel properties that prevent its induction of MEK phosphorylation. CH5126766 causes MEK to bind to RAF tightly and in a conformation in which it cannot be phosphorylated. MEK in this complex has low kinase activity and may act as a dominant negative inhibitor when bound to RAF. Compared to the MEK inhibitor PD0325901, CH5126766 inhibits ERK signaling output in cells more potently and has greater antitumor activity in the KRAS mutant colorectal cancer HCT116 grown as a murine xenograft. MEK inhibitors such as CH5126766 will inhibit feedback induction of MEK phosphorylation and this may allow more complete pathway inhibition and result in greater antitumor activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3606. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3606