tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Melanoma histological Breslow thickness predicted by 75-MHz ultrasonography
Authors: P. Guitera, L.X. Li, K. Crotty, P. FitzGerald, R. Mellenbergh, G. Pellacani, S.W. Menzies
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Ultrasound at 20 MHz tends to overestimate melanoma Breslow thickness due to lymphocytic infiltration or naevus remnant. Objectives To determine the efficacy of 75-MHz ultrasound for estimating melanoma thickness and to assess its reliability to predict surgical requirement.One hundred and twelve suspicious skin lesions were imaged prospectively with the 75-MHz ultrasound in A and B mode. This instrument has a penetration of 3 mm and a lateral resolution of 21 mum. Measurements were performed by two observers and the mean was compared with the histological Breslow thickness.Forty-five of 52 melanomas and 22 of 36 naevi had clear hypoechogenicity boundaries. The median histological Breslow thickness of melanomas was 0.4 mm and 22 were in situ. The median percentage error of the machine was 13% of the histological Breslow thickness, with a high correlation (Pearson's r = 0.908, P < 0.001). Measurement was highly reliable for invasive melanoma, even in the presence of lymphocytic infiltration or naevus.In this series, 75-MHz measurement was highly reliable for predicting invasive melanoma thickness.
Incidental Demonstration of Ga-67 Citrate Uptake in Meningioma
Authors: TSUNEO HIRANO, NAOYUKI WATANABE, NOBORU ORIUCHI, TOMIO INOUE, KEIGO ENDO, TAKASHI SHIBASAKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 43-year-old woman had Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy for neck tumor workup, demonstrating a large area of intense accumulation of radiotracer in the left head. Head CT, Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT, TI-201 chloride brain SPECT, and left external carotid angiography revealed a large left sphenoid ridge meningioma, which was confirmed by surgery.
Invasive pulmonary mucormycosis with rupture of the thoracic aorta
Authors: Atsushi Kitabayashi, Makoto Hirokawa, Akihiko Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Takatsu, Akira B. Miura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

We report an acute myelogenous leukemia patient with mucormycosis who died of massive hemoptysis during antifungal therapy. The diagnosis was made postmortem and autopsy revealed that the pulmonary nodule consisting of mucorales protruded over the luminal surface of the aorta. Microscopic examination showed the invasion of mucor hyphae into the wall of the aortic arch. Surgical treatment may be indicated for patients with pulmonary mucormycosis refractory to amphotericin B therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 58:326–329, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
AN INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS OF UNDETERMINED ORIGIN IN MICE
Authors: Janet Jordan, George S. Mirick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

A transmissible agent (AHA) causing ascites and hepatitis in mice has been described. No known pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, leptospira, rickettsia, or viruses have been demonstrated in the infected mice. AHA does not pass through a Seitz filter and differs in most respects from the agents previously described which produce hepatitis in mice.
Myostatin Gene Inactivation Prevents Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Cancer
Authors: Yann S. Gallot, Anne-Cécile Durieux, Josiane Castells, Marine M. Desgeorges, Barbara Vernus, Léa Plantureux, Didier Rémond, Vanessa E. Jahnke, Etienne Lefai, Dominique Dardevet, Georges Nemoz, Laurent Schaeffer, Anne Bonnieu, Damien G. Freyssenet
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cachexia is a muscle-wasting syndrome that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality of many patients with advanced cancers. However, little is understood about how the severe loss of skeletal muscle characterizing this condition occurs. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the muscle protein myostatin is involved in mediating the pathogenesis of cachexia-induced muscle wasting in tumor-bearing mice. Myostatin gene inactivation prevented the severe loss of skeletal muscle mass induced in mice engrafted with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells or in ApcMin/+ mice, an established model of colorectal cancer and cachexia. Mechanistically, myostatin loss attenuated the activation of muscle fiber proteolytic pathways by inhibiting the expression of atrophy-related genes, MuRF1 and MAFbx/Atrogin-1, along with autophagy-related genes. Notably, myostatin loss also impeded the growth of LLC tumors, the number and the size of intestinal polyps in ApcMin/+ mice, thus strongly increasing survival in both models. Gene expression analysis in the LLC model showed this phenotype to be associated with reduced expression of genes involved in tumor metabolism, activin signaling, and apoptosis. Taken together, our results reveal an essential role for myostatin in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and link this condition to tumor growth, with implications for furthering understanding of cancer as a systemic disease. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7344–56. ©2014 AACR.
Book Review Addiction and the Vulnerable Self: Modified dynamic group therapy for substance abusers By Edward J. Khantzian, Kurt S. Halliday, and William E. McAuliffe. 176 pp. New York, Guilford Press, 1990. $$24.95. Substance Abuse and Dependence: An introduction for the caring professions Edited by Hamid Ghodse and Douglas Maxwell. 263 pp. Basing-stoke, United Kingdom, Macmillan Press, 1990. £14.95.
Authors: James M. Donovan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)
Air Embolus — A Lethal Complication of Subclavian Venipuncture
Authors: J. Patrick Flanagan, Ivan A. Gradisar, Richard J. Gross, Thomas R. Kelly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

SEVERAL reports describing complications directly related to subclavian venipuncture have appeared in the literature.1 2 3 Although air embolus has been mentioned as a possible complication,1 , 4 this is the first documented fatal case to be reported.Case ReportLaparotomy on a 64-year-old dehydrated man showed metastatic carcinoma of the stomach with perforation and gastric-outlet obstruction. Surgical repair of the gastric perforation was performed.To assist postoperative fluid administration, a long central-venous-pressure (CVP) catheter was inserted into the brachial vein by percutaneous puncture at the antecubital fossa. Initial and subsequent CVP determinations were persistently in the range of -3 cm of water. The . . .
Comparative effects of lignocaine and lorcainide on conduction in the Langendorff-perfused guinea-pig heart
Authors: E. CARMELIET, M. Y. ZAMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

The effects of lignocaine and lorcainide on conduction through the AV node and the ventricular conduction system have been investigated in the Langendorff-perfused guinea-pig heart. Basal conduction times were estimated at 80 and 120/min; at each frequency extra-stimuli with variable coupling intervals were applied in order to determine the change in conduction velocity and estimate refractory periods. In most of the preparations paced at 80/min premature impulses were blocked at a site distal to the AV node (distal gate). In therapeutic concentrations (1 to 5 mg·litre−1) and at low frequency of stimulation lignocaine did not change basal conduction times but had a definite slowing effect on the conduction of extra-systoles. Slowing of basal conduction times became prominent at higher frequencies of stimulation or at concentrations above 5 mg·litre−1. In all conditions the effect on the ventricular conduction system was more pronounced than on the AV node. Compared with lignocaine, lorcainide was more effective and more selective. Important changes in basal conduction times and in conduction of premature impulses were observed at 0.31 and 0.63 mg·litre−1. The effect on conduction in the ventricular conduction system was more pronounced than on conduction in the AV node. The dose-effect relationship for different parameters was steeper with lorcainide than with lignocaine. At high concentrations of lorcainide (> 1.25 mg·litre−1) intermittent block, especially in the ventricular conduction system, was frequently observed.
Central inhibitory dysfunctions: Mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin, H. Aldskogius, G. Grant, J.-X. Hao, T. Hökfelt, X.-J. Xu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Injury to the central or peripheral nervous system is often associated with persistent pain. After ischemic injury to the spinal cord, rats develop severe mechanical allodynia-like symptoms, expressed as a pain-like response to innocuous stimuli. In its short-lasting phase the allodynia can be relieved with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-B receptor agonist baclofen, which also reverses the hyperexcitability of dorsal horn interneurons to mechanical stimuli. Furthermore, there is a reduction in GABA immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of allodynic rats. Clinical neuropathic pain of peripheral and central origin often cannot be relieved by opiates at doses that do not cause side effects. The loss of sensitivity to opiates may be associated with the up-regulation of endogenous antiopioid substances, such as the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK and its receptor (CCK-R) protein is normally not detectable in rat dorsal root ganglion cells. After peripheral nerve section, both CCK and CCK-R are up-regulated in the dorsal root ganglia. Furthermore, CI 988, an antagonist of the CCK-B receptor, chronically coadministered with morphine, reduces autotomy, a behavior that may be a sign of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve section. Thus, opiate insensitivity may be due to the release of CCK from injured primary afferents. Similarly, in the chronic phase of the spinal ischemic model of central pain, the allodynia-like symptom is not relieved by systemic morphine, but is significantly reversed by the CCK-B antagonist. Consequently, up-regulation of CCK and CCK-R in the CNS may also underlie opiate drug insensitivity following CNS injury. Thus, dysfunction of central inhibition involving GABA and endogenous opioids may be a factor underlying the development of sensory abnormalities and/or pain following injury to neural tissue.
Complement activation on the nasal mucosal surface ‐ a feature of the immediate allergic reaction in the nose
Authors: M. Andersson, L. Michel, J.B. Llull, U. Pipkorn
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Complement is a system of functionally linked serum proteins that interact to exert biologic effects in inflammatory and immunologic processes. As part of a larger study with a potential topical antiallergic drug, we measured C3a des Arg and C5a des Arg in 13 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and in five nonatopic controls after placebo treatment. After 1 week of placebo treatment, a nasal allergen challenge with increasing doses of pollens was performed in both allergic subjects and controls. A symptom score method was used, and in returned nasal lavage fluid, the activity of C3a des Arg and C5a des Arg was measured. We found that allergen challenge in the allergic subjects induced nasal symptoms concomitantly with increased levels of C3a des Arg and C5a des Arg ( P &lt;0.05). No increases either in symptoms or in the very low base‐line levels of C3a des Arg and C5a des Arg were observed in the nonallergic controls. We conclude that the activation of the complement cascade is one part of the vasculature exudative response during the immediate allergic reaction in the upper airways. Because of their biologic potency, these proteins may be an essential part of the exudative response which perpetuates the ongoing inflammatory reaction.
Intrathoracic infections due to Eikenella corrodens.
Authors: M B Allen
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Measurement of effective pulmonary blood flow by soluble gas uptake SntI,-I was interested to read the article by Dr RJ Pierce and others (August 1987;42:604-14).In their description of the methods the authors perpetuate a few misconceptions which commonly appear in papers about the inert gas method of estimating pulmonary blood flow.
Sub-clinical hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients is not aggravated by sedation with propofol compared to midazolam: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Iyad Khamaysi, Nseir William, Alexandrov Olga, Isakson Alex, Mysh Vladimir, Dabbah Kamal, Assy Nimer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Hospitals should be rated on their care of older people, Royal College of Physicians recommends
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Royal College of Physicians is to review its training and assessment processes in light of the Francis inquiry, to ensure that trainee doctors are encouraged to focus on quality and that their competence in raising concerns and treating patients with dignity is assessed.

In a detailed response to Robert Francis’s public inquiry into failings at Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, the college has pledged to strengthen doctors’ leadership skills and to publish new guidance on raising concerns, to help implement the inquiry’s recommendations.1 2 3

It also recommends a new accreditation system for general hospital wards that provide high quality care for older people …
Team Work Load in an English General Practice--I
Authors: G. N. Marsh, R. A. McNay
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A survey of the total care provided by a general practitioner and his paramedical team for 3,137 patients in Teesside in 1972 showed that even in this area of high morbidity and mortality the work load was very small. The doctor held an average of 2.3 consultations per patient per year, and the overall average for the team of doctor, nurse, and health visitor was only 3.1. By delegating work to a team of trained paramedical workers, by increasing the proportion of personal medicine, and by engaging the co-operation of his patients, the general practitioner reduced his work load considerably, without any apparent reduction in standard of care.
FUNCTION OF LIVER IN RELATION TO OPERATION ON GALLBLADDER AND DUCTS
Authors: G. W. CRILE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The peculiar menace that attends operations on the gallbladder and particularly operations on the common duct, because of the possible resultant interference with the function of the liver, is a constant challenge to the surgeon, who must repeatedly review both the immediate and the remote results of operations on these structures, that he may develop methods which will lead to the utmost conservation of the liver function.  Of prime importance is the decision in each individual case as to whether the gallbladder shall be excised or drained. Dr. W. J. Mayo led the movement toward excision instead of drainage to the general advantage of the patient. In certain cases, however, cholecystectomy is definitely contraindicated. These cases are defined by Moynihan as follows:  Broadly speaking, cholecystotomy will be demanded where there are the acute infective conditions for which instant relief is necessary and in the patients whose powers of withstanding the
The Use of the Plasma Epinephrine Response in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Postprandial Syndrome
Authors: Stuart A. Chalew, Judith V. McLaughlin, James H. Mersey, Anthony J. Adams, Marvin Cornblath, A. Avinoam Kowarski
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Patients with idiopathic postprandial syndrome (IPS) report recurrent postprandial episodes that resemble the clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia. In an effort to find objective criteria for diagnosis of IPS, we studied a group of patients with IPS and controls during an oral glucose tolerance test. Patients with IPS had a significantly lower mean glucose nadir and higher hypoglycemic index than controls. Although 74% of patients with IPS had glucose nadirs higher than 50 mg/dL, their responses of epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon, and norepinephrine were significantly higher than the respective changes in the controls. Of the five hormones, only the epinephrine response separated the patients from the controls without overlap. The epinephrine response may represent a valuable diagnostic criterion for this disorder. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:612-615)
Low-Grade Pulmonary Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma with or without Intraclonal Variation
Authors: KATSUSHI KUROSU, NORIO YUMOTO, MASAKAZU FURUKAWA, TAKAYUKI KURIYAMA, ATSUO MIKATA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We examined the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (Ig VH) region genes of 11 low-grade pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas by a two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis. We observed frequent somatic mutations with the positive selective pressure of the rearranged Ig VH genes in all cases, indicative of postgerminal center cell origin. Eight cases demonstrated intraclonal variations (hypermutation with intraclonal variation type), but the other cases showed only one major clone without intraclonal heterogeneity (hypermutation without intraclonal variation type). The former might reflect the reentry of marginal zone B cells into a germinal center environment leading to further mutations. The latter might be no longer susceptible to hypermutation mechanisms and seemed to be stable. Four cases used Ig VH genes (hv3019b9, VH26, and VH4.21), which are frequently found in a variety of autoantibodies, such as cold agglutinins, rheumatoid factors, and anti-DNA antibodies.
A RANDOMIZED STUDY OF TRANSRADIAL VERSUS TRANSULNAR ARTERY APPROACH FOR CORONARY INTERVENTIONS
Authors: George N. Hahalis, Grigorios Tsigkas, Georgios Almpanis, Nikolaos Grapsas, Ioannis Christodoulou, Panagiota Mylona, Periklis Davlouros, Spiros Gizas, Dimitrios Alexopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Multistage models of carcinogenesis.
Authors: P Armitage
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The simple multistage model of carcinogenesis is outlined. It provides a satisfactory explanation of the power law for the age incidence of many forms of epithelial carcinoma, for the effects in human populations of changing exposures to supposed carcinogenic agents, and for many of the observed effects of applied carcinogens in animal experiments. In particular, the evidence on the effects of starting and stopping cigarette smoking suggests that both an early and a late stage may be affected. In the absence of direct evidence on the nature of the cellular changes there is some reluctance to accept a model with more than two stages, and several forms of two-stage models provide good general explanations of observed phenomena. Such a model has recently been applied to breast cancer; another approach to this disease, effectively involving transformations of the time scale, is discussed.
Evidence for a Complex Demographic History of Chimpanzees
Authors: A. Fischer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

To characterize patterns of genomic variation in central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and gain insight into their evolution, we sequenced nine unlinked, intergenic regions, representing a total of 19,000 base pairs, in 14 individuals. When these DNA sequences are compared with homologous sequences previously collected in humans and in western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus), nucleotide diversity is higher in central chimpanzees than in western chimpanzees or in humans. Consistent with a larger effective population size of central chimpanzees, levels of linkage disequilibrium are lower than in humans. Patterns of linkage disequilibrium further suggest that homologous gene conversion may be an important contributor to genetic exchange at short distances, in agreement with a previous study of the same DNA sequences in humans. In central chimpanzees, but not in western chimpanzees, the allele frequency spectrum is significantly skewed towards rare alleles, pointing to population size changes or fine-scale population structure. Strikingly, the extent of genetic differentiation between western and central chimpanzees is much stronger than what is seen between human populations. This suggests that careful attention should be paid to geographic sampling in studies of chimpanzee genetic variation.
Oral CD3-specific antibody suppresses autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inducing CD4+CD25−LAP+ T cells
Authors: Hirofumi Ochi, Michal Abraham, Hiroki Ishikawa, Dan Frenkel, Kaiyong Yang, Alexandre S Basso, Henry Wu, Mei-Ling Chen, Roopali Gandhi, Ariel Miller, Ruth Maron, Howard L Weiner
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
p28GANK overexpression accelerates hepatocellular carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis via phosphoinositol 3-kinase/AKT/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathways
Authors: Jing Fu, Yao Chen, Jie Cao, Tao Luo, You-Wen Qian, Wen Yang, Yi-Bin Ren, Bo Su, Guang-Wen Cao, Yuan Yang, Yi-Qun Yan, Feng Shen, Meng-Chao Wu, Gen-Sheng Feng, Hong-Yang Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor, and the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC progression and aggressiveness are unclear. Here, we report that increased expression of p28GANK (Gankyrin, PSMD10, or p28) in human HCC predicts poor survival and disease recurrence after surgery. Patients with HCC who have large tumors, with vascular invasion and intrahepatic or distant metastasis, expressed high levels of p28GANK. Invasive tumors overexpressing p28GANK were featured by active epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and exhibited increased angiogenesis associated with vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression, whereas silencing p28GANK expression attenuated EMT and motility/invasion of tumor cells. The p28GANK activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–V-akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (AKT)–hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling to promote TWIST1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and metalloproteinase 2 expression. Suppression of the PI3K–AKT–HIF-1α pathway interfered with p28GANK-mediated EMT and invasion. Consistently, we detected a significant correlation between p28GANK expression and p-AKT levels in a cohort of HCC biopsies, and the combination of these two parameters is a more powerful predictor of poor prognosis. Conclusion: These results present novel mechanistic insight into a critical role of p28GANK in HCC progression and metastasis. (Hepatology 2011)
Donald John Gooding
Authors: D. Ross
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Donald John Gooding was educated at Tiffin School, Kingston upon Thames, and read medicine at St George’s Hospital Medical School. He started his preclinical studies at Kings College London and from 1952 to 1955 pursued his clinical studies at St George’s, which was then at Hyde Park Corner, with the Grove, Tooting, as a distant colony. He held preregistration house jobs at St George’s and was for six months casualty officer at Hyde Park Corner, working with the formidable Sister Samuels, with whom he formed a lasting friendship and who in later …