tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Weight and Mortality in Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Qiang Zeng, Sheng-yong Dong
Journal: JAMA (2012)

To the Editor: Dr Carnethon and colleagues reported higher total and noncardiovascular mortality in adults with diabetes who were normal weight vs overweight or obese. Close examination of the data suggests that there is a potential limitation in the analysis that might have affected the conclusions. The absence of association between weight status and cardiovascular mortality was attributed to the small number of observed cardiovascular events. However, participants who had comorbid hypertension at the time of incident diabetes were not excluded from the analysis. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in overweight and obese participants than in the cohort with normal weight, leading to higher risk of cardiovascular events in the former. Also, systolic blood pressure rather than hypertension was adjusted for in the multivariable models, which may have attenuated the association of weight status with cardiovascular mortality. In addition, obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Although this study excluded patients who had preexisting cardiovascular disease at baseline, the morbidity of cardiovascular disease might be higher in overweight and obese patients than in patients with normal weight during follow-up of the study. This may have attenuated the obesity paradox that patients with normal weight had higher cardiovascular mortality than overweight and obese patients. Previous studies found the obesity paradox between body mass index and cardiovascular mortality because patients who had preexisting cardiovascular disease were not excluded.
Women too busy to exercise
Authors: J. Clark
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Only a quarter of UK women are exercising enough to reap useful health benefits. This “deeply concerning finding” emerged from a national poll conducted by the charity Cancer Research UK, which also found that women lack the time and motivation to achieve the targets for physical activity promoted by government.

Women are advised to undertake brisk activity for 30 minutes a day at least five times a week to reduce their risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, …
FOUR POINTS OF INTEREST IN MAJOR ANESTHESIA.
Authors: ROBERT H. M. DAWBARN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

similar law (presented by Hon.L. F. Johnson of Franklin County).I hope that a similar law will be enacted in all the states.If we were to do our duty, we would need no law to protect us and our patients whose lives are put in our keeping, and we should not under any conditions or circumstances prescribe a medi- cine that we were not absolutely familiar with.I trust that the members of this society will join with me in resolving to use in the future only those drugs from which we can reasonably expect results, and, if possible, to have all remedies compounded by our own druggists.We should also notify the druggists that we shall accept only pure chemicals, such as those made by reputable firms.It is not our province altogether to find only palatable drugs.Let the homeopath have a monopoly along this line if he will; that which we. most desire is results.Occasionally a medicine that is pleasant to the taste can have little or no therapeutic value, except for its mental effect on some of our most unfor- tunate cases.That we will appeal to the intellect rather than to the superstition, prejudice and ignorance.I see each succeeding day signs of better things and that there is room for improvement no one can doubt,
A Seroepidemiologic Study of Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Daniel E. Lehane
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Paired serum samples from 110 Marine recruits and 459 Vietnam veterans were tested for the development of EB virus (EBV) antibody. The socioeconomic background of recruits was found to be low. There is a high prevalence, 85.7%, of preexisting antibody in recruits. This suggests low socioeconomic background predisposes individuals to development of EBV antibody at an early age. Despite the low susceptibility rate, the incidence of infectious mononucleosis for recruits is 18.5 per 1,000 and for Vietnam veterans 23.8 per 1,000. The incidence of EBV antibody seroconversion was ten times greater than reported hospitalization rates.
Inquiry calls for doctors to be tested regularly for alcohol
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Britain's health authorities have been asked to consider the practicality of introducing compulsory medical tests for all doctors every two years to pick up early warning signs of alcohol problems.

The recommendation is made in the report of a fatal accident inquiry held into the deaths of two patients at St John's Hospital in Livingston, Scotland. They died after operations carried out by a consultant surgeon, Gerald Davies, who subsequently admitted to having a serious drink problem. He reported drinking up to half a bottle of whisky a night regularly, and the inquiry …
Identification and partial purification of chalone from human epidermis
Authors: DHARAM P. CHOPRA, LEONARD A. CHERKAS, B. ALLEN FLAXMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Crude human skin extracts having tissue‐specific mitotic inhibitory activity (chalone), were studied by ethanol precipitation and disc gel electrophoresis. Precipitates obtained at various ethanol concentrations were dialyzed, lyophilized and tested for their mitotic inhibitory activity. It was found that the greatest inhibitory activity was concentrated in the precipitate formed in 81% ethanol, the active principle being concentrated about 200 times. Proteins in crude extracts were separated by disc gel electrophoresis, and at least eight bands were identified. Groups of bands were extracted from the electrophoretic gels and tested for their mitotic inhibitory activity. Fraction II, containing two bands, had the highest activity. Disc gel electrophoretic analysis of the 81% ethane precipitate revealed only two major bands, one of which could also be found in fraction II of the crude extract. This protein band, which is present in both of the mitotic inhibitory samples, may represent the human epidermal chalone.
IS CONSUMPTION HEREDITARY?—A FAMILY HISTORY.
Authors: E. C. ATKINS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

That "Americans dig their graves with their teeth," is a saying fraught with more truth than elegance. That it is done unwittingly, more often than not, and that the best and most careful attention, coupled with the lack of proper information, frequently leads to the same undesirable end, will be seen by the following brief history: A well and healthy father, and a mother wiry and strong. The former died of yellow fever at 42, and the latter of gall stone at 60. Both were country bred as were all their ancestors and all their children A perfectly clean family history for generations back. No consumption in any of them. There were nine children. Of these, the second, fourth and seventh died as infants, of cholera infantum. The first died at 19 of consumption, the fifth is the present writer, who has the disease, held in abeyance, however, by climate
Metabolic Effects of Propranolol in Normal Subjects Before and After Triiodothyronine-induced Hypermetabolism.
Authors: William R. Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Metabolic Effects of Propranolol in Normal Subjects Before and After Triiodothyronine-induced Hypermetabolism.William R. Wilson, M.D., F.A.C.P., Ernest O. Theilen, M.D., F.A.C.P., William E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P.William R. Wilson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Ernest O. Theilen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, William E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1077_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe effects of stimulation and blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors on plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and blood glucose (G) were observed in eight normal subjects during a control period (A) and after hypermetabolism (B) was induced with graded doses of triiodothyronine (150-500 μg/day for 14 days). Non-heparinized venous blood was obtained before and during the fourth minute of beta-receptor stimulation (isoproterenol, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 μg/kg/min intravenously) before and after a beta-receptor blocker (propranolol, 0.15 mg/kg intravenously). Significant attenuation of the normal chronotropic and inotropic effects of isoproterenol in both periods by propranolol was used as an index of beta-adrenergic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William R. Wilson, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Ernest O. Theilen, M.D., F.A.C.P.; William E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Iowa City, Iowa PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byErfahrungen mit Beta-Blockern bei der Resektion hyperthyreoter bzw. toxischer StrumenThe effect of adrenergic blocking agents on plasma glucose in rabbits 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1077-1077KeywordsBloodBlood plasmaFatty acidsGlucoseHypermetabolismIsoproterenolTriiodothyronine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Combined Use of Needle-Knife and Bite Biopsy in the Diagnosis of a Gastric Submucosal Tumor
Authors: K. Mönkemüller, L. Fry, K. Drüding
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

A 60-year-old woman was admitted to hospital for evaluation of symptomatic anemia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a submucosal gastric tumor in the antrum (Figure [1]) and probing of this tumor with the tip of the biopsy forceps revealed that it had a solid consistency. A Huibregtse needle-knife (Wilson-Cook, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) was then inserted into the working channel of a standard Olympus Q160 gastroscope (Olympus America, Melville, New York, USA). Once the needle-knife was exposed, a linear incision was made on the center of the submucosal gastric tumor (Figure [2]). The incision was performed by moving the up/down control of the endoscope handle, and the depth of the incision was determined by exposing two-thirds of the needle length and by advancing or retracting the shaft of the Huibregtse needle-knife catheter from the endoscopic channel. After an incision 1.5 cm in length had been made (Figure [3]), a biopsy forceps (Microvasive Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, USA) was placed in the submucosal mass through the incision. The forceps was opened inside the submucosal gastric tumor and six bites of submucosal tissue were obtained. Histology revealed an adenocarcinoma that was most consistent with a metastatic colon cancer. Colonoscopy confirmed a right-sided colon cancer.
THE SURGERY OF TRACHOMA.
Authors: S. LEWIS ZIEGLER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Surgical procedures for the relief of trachoma are only indicated in the chronic stage of this disease, and especially for the relief of the complications and sequelæ, the most common of which are pannus, ulcerative keratitis (chiefly in the form of multiple erosion ulcers), blepharophimosis with its accompanying lid friction, and mucopurulent discharge or epiphora. A more remote sequela is the contraction which results in ectropion, or entropion with trichiasis. Without going deeply into the subject of the<i>etiology</i>of trachoma, there is no doubt but that the essential elements in its<i>persistence</i>are, a partial occlusion of the tear duct, with consequent epiphora and regurgitation of septic secretions; a perversion of the ocular secretions themselves; the maceration of the cornea from the excessive amount of secretion and discharge present, and finally friction from tarsal pressure, with erosion of the corneal epithelium. In the first place we can definitely assert
Physiotherapy rehabilitation for whiplash associated disorder II: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials: Figure 1
Authors: Zoe A Michaleff, Manuela L Ferreira
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Whiplash injuries occur due to an ‘acceleration–deceleration energy transfer to the neck’, usually as the result of a motor vehicle accident, although the injury may also occur while participating in sport for example, diving. Clinically, whiplash injuries are graded 0–IV (higher grade indicates increased severity) with the majority of patients (93.4%) classified as having a grade II injury (neck complaint eg, pain, stiffness or tenderness AND musculoskeletal signs eg, reduced range of motion).1 While grade II whiplash injuries are frequently managed with conservative treatment approaches, the effectiveness of specific physiotherapy interventions has not been investigated in isolation.

The authors synthesised the best available evidence to determine the short ( 12 months) effectiveness of physiotherapy outpatient management of patients presenting with grade II whiplash injury compared with either no intervention, placebo or other intervention for example, advice/education by a general practitioner, cervical collar.

Eight biomedical databases were searched from their inception until December 2010. Authors also searched selected internet/indexing sites, trial registers, key journals, reference lists, unpublished research (eg, conference proceedings, published abstracts) and personal citation tracking for key authors in the field. …
Histochemical and Chemical Studies of the Localization of Adrenergic and Cholinergic Nerves in Normal and Denervated Cat Hearts
Authors: DAVID JACOBOWITZ, THEODORE COOPER, HENDRICK B. BARNER
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

The localization of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves in normal and denervated cat hearts was studied histochemically. The norepinephrine content of atria and ventricles was chemically determined by a spectrofluorometric method. In hearts denervated 9 to 42 days, little or no norepinephrine was detected. Histochemically, many catecholamine-containing fibers were present in the atria and ventricles of normal cats, whereas in denervated cats there were none in one and very few in four. There were many cholinergic nerves in the atria and a small to moderate number in the ventricles. The left atria of denervated hearts showed a marked reduction in cholinergic nerve fibers. It is concluded that cardiac denervation by mediastinal neural ablation is often incomplete. When norepinephrine is not detectable by chemical analysis, individual nerve fibers not sectioned can still be histochemically identified.
The Migratory Needle Story.
Authors: J. D. McGowan.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Chicago, Nov. 17, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial entitled "The Migratory Needle Story" implies a doubt as to the authenticity of most of them, and I wish to relate an experience I have had. On the Fourth of July, 1898, while teasing a young girl who was visiting my house, she pointed her hatpin at me and I ran for the stairs, she following. She made a lunge at me, intending to prick me, but I put up my arm and the pin entered the flesh and broke. We found two pieces, but three inches of the pin and the pointed end were missing. I removed my clothing immediately, but could find nothing but the hole in the skin where the pin had entered. The next day I went to St. Luke's Hospital, where Dr. Owens made a long and deep incision in the arm and looked in vain
Impending Aortic Rupture
Authors: Charles T. Dotter, Nelson R. Niles, Israel Steinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

DURING the first half of the twentieth century roentgenology assumed the dominant role in the diagnosis of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. With the coming of the pump oxygenator, however, even the sharpened diagnostic edge afforded by contrast visualization has begun to look a bit dull in spots. The contemporary radiologist no longer may discharge the obligations of his specialty through a static anatomic diagnosis, however correct, for it is not the lesion that the patient fears but rather what it will do to him if unchecked. To keep pace with his surgical colleague, the radiologist must not only describe . . .
Caring for the Patient With AIDS
Authors: Robert F. Atkins
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The sentiment of Dr Rogers in his COMMENTARY/CARING FOR THE POOR entitled "Caring for the Patient With AIDS"<sup>1</sup>is as noble and sincere as his content is, in part, misguided. Dr Rogers is correct in noting that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a truly dreadful reality with which we all must come to terms as this century draws to a close. In individual human terms it has exacted a degree of suffering that no one, either in the health care field or among the lay public, could ever have imagined in modern times. In social terms, it is pressing society to deal with a burden of overwhelming dimension that, until fairly recently, it has chosen largely to ignore. The degree of hysteria that has developed in conjunction with the emergence of the epidemic into mainstream awareness is perhaps not surprising, even to the extent that it has
Personality Profiles and Breathlessness Perception in Outpatients with Different Gradings of Asthma
Authors: ALFREDO CHETTA, GILBERTO GERRA, ANTONIO FORESI, AMIR ZAIMOVIC, MARIO DEL DONNO, BEATRICE CHITTOLINI, ROBERTO MALORGIO, ANTONIO CASTAGNARO, DARIO OLIVIERI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We studied the relationship between personality profiles, breathlessness perception and clinical and functional features in 36 outpatient asthmatics (12 females; age range: 18–52 yr). Each patient underwent psychometric evaluation with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Breathlessness perception was evaluated by Borg's scale during methacholine (M) challenge, and PS20 (the perception score obtained when FEV1 fell by 20%) was recorded. Baseline FEV1 values ranged from 70.0 to 126%. PC20 M values ranged from 0.05 to 31.7 mg/ml. According to a symptoms score system (0 to 12 points), 12 asthmatics were classified as mild, 12 as moderate, and 12 as moderate/severe. We did not find any specific personality profile in asthmatic patients. Sixteen asthmatics had at least one MMPI subscale score indicative of psychological disturbances. We found a significant trend from mild to moderate and moderate/severe asthmatics (p < 0.015), when the number of asthmatics with subscale scores indicative of psychological disturbances was compared to that of asthmatics with normal scores. Moreover, we found that the asthmatics with scores indicative of hypochondriasis showed a significant trend from mild to moderate and moderate/severe asthma (p < 0.015). Furthermore, in all asthmatic patients, hypochondriasis scores were positively correlated to asthma severity score (p < 0.02). PS20 values ranged from 0.1 to 8.1. Twelve asthmatics were hypoperceivers (PS20 ⩽ 1) and four were hyperperceivers (PS20 ⩾ 5). We observed a significant trend from mild to moderate and moderate/severe asthmatics (p < 0.025) when we compared the number of hypoperceivers to that of normoperceivers. In conclusion, we found that in outpatients with different grading of asthma, severity of disease is linked to psychological disturbances and poor perception of breathlessness, additionally, hypochondriasis was related to disease severity in all patients.
In vitro platelet aggregability studies: lack of evidence for platelet hyperactivity in systemic sclerosis.
Authors: J E Price, P S Klimiuk, M I Jayson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Systemic sclerosis is characterised by vascular endothelial damage. Platelets adhering to the exposed subendothelium may contribute to the inflammatory changes found in the vessel wall. Increased in vitro platelet aggregability in systemic sclerosis has been reported. In vitro platelet aggregation of platelet rich plasma obtained from patients with systemic sclerosis (CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud9s phenomenon oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) variant) and from controls matched for age and sex was compared. Collagen, ADP, and platelet activating factor were used as aggregating agents. The actions of a platelet activating factor antagonist, BN52063, were also examined. Each agonist caused dose dependent platelet aggregation; there was no difference in either rate of primary aggregation or maximum percentage aggregation between platelets derived from patients with systemic sclerosis and from the control group (analysis of variance). BN52063 was shown to be a dose dependent, competitive antagonist of platelet aggregation induced by platelet activating factor; there was no difference in its action on platelets derived from patients with systemic sclerosis or controls. These results do not support the hypothesis that platelets from patients with systemic sclerosis are hyperactive and may explain the disappointing results obtained with antiplatelet drugs in systemic sclerosis.
Abnormal hepatic uptake of low doses of sulfobromophthalein in Gilbert's syndrome: The role of reduced affinity of the plasma membrane carrier of organic anions
Authors: Sandro Gentile, Marcello Persico, Claudio Tiribelli
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The plasma disappearance rate of sulfobromophthalein (VBSP; μmol/kg/min) was measured in 15 Gilbert's syndrome patients and 12 control subjects after intravenous injection of two different doses (0.59 and 5.90 μmol/kg) of the dye. Plasma disappearance rate was significantly reduced in Gilbert's syndrome patients after administration of 0.59 μmol sulfobromophthalein/kg (0.119 ± 0.016 vs. 0.146 ± 0.018 μmol/kg/min; mean ± S.D.; p < 0.001), whereas no difference was found with the higher dose (0.754 ± 0.040 vs. 0.767 ± 0.072 μmol/kg/min). Significant reduction was also found after administration to four Gilbert's syndrome patients and four control subjects of 0.29 and 2.95 μmol sulfobromophthalein (0.060 ± 0.005 μmol/kg/min vs. 0.077 ± 0.07 μmol/kg/min and 0.480 ± 0.012 μmol/kg/min vs. 0.591 ± 0.015 μmol/kg/min, respectively; p < 0.01). Competition studies with combined administration of sulfobromophthalein (0.59 μmol/kg) and different doses of rifamycin SV (0.59, 1.47 and 2.95 μmol/kg) showed a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in plasma disappearance rate in Gilbert's syndrome patients but not in controls. The rifamycin SV dose at which a 50% inhibition in plasma disappearance rate was observed was 0.8 μmol/kg. The apparent affinity (Km) of the hepatic transport was higher in Gilbert's syndrome patients than in control subjects (3.61 ± 0.37 μmol sulfobromophthalein/kg vs. 2.76 ± 0.29 μmol sulfobromophthalein/kg, mean ± S.D.; p < 0.01), whereas no difference was found in Vmax (0.95 ± 0.11 μmol sulfobromophthalein/kg vs. 0.93 ± 0.10 μmol sulfobromophthalein/kg/min, mean ± S.D.; N.S.). We conclude that a defective sulfobromophthalein hepatic transport is present in Gilbert's syndrome, and it may be revealed by lowering the does of the dye. The data sugest that the defect in Gilbert's syndrome is an impaired affinity for sulfobromophthalein of one or more of the putative transport proteins in the basolateral plasma membrane of the hepatocyte. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:213–217).
PURPOSEFUL SPLINTING FOLLOWING INJURIES TO THE HAND
Authors: H. C. MARBLE
Journal: JAMA (1941)

A couple of years ago I visited a small suburban hospital to care for a simple fracture of the leg and was taken to the splint room by the superintendent, who showed me with great pride an appalling array of splints of all kinds. I was told that the splints were bought so that if a specialist from the city should come this modest hospital could meet his requirements. Often these complicated splints are accompanied by elaborate charts and instructions, but rarely is there any description of the principles underlying the splinting. I feel that it is not so much a question of what splint to use as it is of the principle behind the splinting. I recall in my house officer days, thirty years ago, working under that wise surgeon Dr. C. A. Porter, who taught most of the physicians in the community the principles of surgery of the