tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipoproteins Quantitated by Paper Electrophoresis as an Index of Atherosclerosis
Authors: MOSES WURM, ROBERT KOSITCHEK, REUBEN STRAUS
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Data dealing with cholesterol, phospholipid, their ratios, and total lipids in a group of 40 "normal" and 40 individuals with manifest coronary artery disease have been evaluated and have been found to have a low order of significance in determining the atherosclerotic status for both individuals and for groups. Serum lipoproteins separated by paper electrophoresis and visualized with Fat Red 7B have been shown to occur in 5 fractions. Of these, lipalbumin and beta lipoproteins as well as beta/alpha and beta/lipalbumin ratios reveal a high level of significance for distinguishing normal from abnormal individuals and groups.
Electrophysiological changes in the canine atrium and ventricle during progressive hyperkalaemia: electrocardiographical correlates and the in vivo validation of in vitro predictions
Authors: M. F. ARNSDORF, E. SCHREINER, M. GAMBETTA, I. FRIEDLANDER, R. W. CHILDERS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

The electrophysiological response to hyperkalaemia was reinvestigated in the whole dog for several reasons including: the paucity of comparative electrophysiological and electrocardiographical studies in which atrial and ventricular tissues were simultaneously investigated; the contrast between the clarity of findings in previous in vitro studies as compared with the rather conflicting results in earlier in vivo investigations; and the difficulty in validating the extrapolation from in vitro results and theory to the in vivo situation because of deficiences in the literature. Biphasic alterations in atrial and ventricular conduction times as well as excitability in response to progressively increasing hyperkalaemia were documented. The alterations in conduction times were reflected quite accurately by relevant electrocardiographical changes. Experiments in the whole animal were designed to test predictions based on membrane theory: the results offering strong support for the validity of extrapolating from the in vitro to the in vivo situation. The results of this study should help clarify and render interpretable many of the seemingly conflicting results in the literature.
ANAPHYLAXIS TO PENICILLIN-Reply
Authors: George L. Waldbott
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Angioneurotic edema of the glottis cannot be ruled out. This would be a part of the syndrome of anaphylactic shock. The explanation that this situation was due to the antigenic injection given four hours previously does not seem tenable for the following reasons: 1. Symptoms started within a few seconds after the injection of penicillin. 2. Reactions after an antigenic injection usually occur within two hours (except for those from bacterial antigens). Symptoms arising later would not be severe, certainly not fatal. (See references cited in the paper.) 3. There was blood on the area of the injection, which is suggestive of accidental puncture of a vein. <h3>Note.—</h3> The letter was referred to Dr. Waldbott, who replies:
Lipopolysaccharide triggers late preconditioning against myocardial infarction via inducible nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Y Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as a trigger in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced late preconditioning against myocardial infarction. Methods: Rats were pretreated intraperitoneally with two different doses of LPS (0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg) or normal saline (control) 24 h prior to lethal myocardial ischemia. Subsequently, all rats were subjected to a sustained 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 180-min reperfusion. In the second study, total RNA and protein were extracted from myocardium of the control and LPS-treated rats (after 4, 6 and 24 h of treatment) for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results: In LPS (2.5 mg/kg, but not 0.5 mg/kg)-treated rats receiving no pharmacological intervention, the percentage of myocardial infarct within the area at risk and left ventricle was significantly reduced to 42±4 and 24±2% (P<0.01) compared with the control group. The cardioprotection was abolished by injection of dexamethasone (4 mg/kg×2, i.p.) or the selective iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (300 mg/kg×2, s.c.) before LPS treatment. The expression of iNOS mRNA and the iNOS protein significantly increased 4 and 6 h after administration of LPS (2.5 mg/kg), respectively. The increases in iNOS mRNA and protein were eliminated by dexamethasone. But the iNOS mRNA and protein were not detectable 24 h after administration of LPS (2.5 mg/kg). Conclusions: These data provide molecular and pharmacological evidence that LPS-induced late preconditioning against myocardial infarction is triggered by iNOS.
Clearance of Alzheimer’s amyloid-β1-40 peptide from brain by LDL receptor–related protein-1 at the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Masayoshi Shibata, Shinya Yamada, S. Ram Kumar, Miguel Calero, James Bading, Blas Frangione, David M. Holtzman, Carol A. Miller, Dudley K. Strickland, Jorge Ghiso, Berislav V. Zlokovic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Elimination of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from the brain is poorly understood. After intracerebral microinjections in young mice, 125I-Aβ1-40 was rapidly removed from the brain (t1/2 ≤ 25 minutes), mainly by vascular transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The efflux transport system for Aβ1-40 at the BBB was half saturated at 15.3 nM, and the maximal transport capacity was reached between 70 nM and 100 nM. Aβ1-40 clearance was substantially inhibited by the receptor-associated protein, and by antibodies against LDL receptor–related protein-1 (LRP-1) and α2-macroglobulin (α2M). As compared to adult wild-type mice, clearance was significantly reduced in young and old apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout mice, and in old wild-type mice. There was no evidence that Aβ was metabolized in brain interstitial fluid and degraded to smaller peptide fragments and amino acids before its transport across the BBB into the circulation. LRP-1, although abundant in brain microvessels in young mice, was downregulated in older animals, and this downregulation correlated with regional Aβ accumulation in brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We conclude that the BBB removes Aβ from the brain largely via age-dependent, LRP-1–mediated transport that is influenced by α2M and/or apoE, and may be impaired in AD.
Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Allergically Inflamed Mice
Authors: Lennart K. A. Lundblad, John Thompson-Figueroa, Gilman B. Allen, Lisa Rinaldi, Ryan J. Norton, Charles G. Irvin, Jason H. T. Bates
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Allergically inflamed mice exhibit airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine, which computer simulations of lung impedance suggest is due to enhanced lung derecruitment and which we sought to verify in the present study.BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to induce allergic inflammation; the control mice were sensitized but received no challenge. The mice were then challenged with inhaled methacholine and respiratory system impedance tracked for the following 10 minutes. Respiratory elastance (H) was estimated from each impedance measurement. One group of mice was ventilated with 100% O(2) during this procedure and another group was ventilated with air. After the procedure, the mice were killed and ventilated with pure N(2), after which the trachea was tied off and the lungs were imaged with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).H was significantly higher in allergic mice than in control animals after methacholine challenge. The ratio of H at the end of the measurement period between allergic and nonallergic mice ventilated with O(2) was 1.36, indicating substantial derecruitment in the allergic animals. The ratio between lung volumes determined by micro-CT in the control and the allergic mice was also 1.36, indicative of a corresponding volume loss due to absorption atelectasis. Micro-CT images and histograms of Hounsfield units from the lungs also showed increased volume loss in the allergic mice compared with control animals after methacholine challenge.These results support the conclusion that airway closure is a major component of hyperresponsiveness in allergically inflamed mice.
Quantification of left ventricular performance during transient coronary occlusion at various anatomic sites in humans: A study using tantalum-178 and a multiwire gamma camera
Authors: Mario S. Verani, Jeffrey L. Lacy, Gerald W. Guidry, Shigeyuki Nishimura, John J. Mahmarian, Theodoros Athanasoulis, Robert Roberts
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN LOCAL TISSUE INJURY
Authors: G. P. Lewis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN LOCAL TISSUE INJURY Get access G. P. Lewis G. P. Lewis CIBA Laboratories, Horsham, Sussex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 5, 1 November 1971, Pages 481–483, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14058.x Published: 01 November 1971
CD4+CD30+ T cells perpetuate IL‐5 production in <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> allergic patients
Authors: Y. Garfias, B. Ortiz, J. Hernández, D. Magaña, M. Becerril‐Angeles, E. Zenteno, R. Lascurain
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Airway allergic diseases are regulated by interleukin (IL)-5, which causes infiltration of eosinophils into the bronchial epithelium, and by IL-4 which increases serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and promotes CD30 expression on Th cells. CD30 generates a costimulatory signal involved in apoptosis or cell proliferation, depending on the microenvironment. Our aims were: (i) to analyze if CD4+ CD30+ T cells from allergic patients proliferate in response to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and (ii) if upon stimulation this cell population produces IL-4 and IL-5.Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from 17 allergic rhinitis and mild allergic asthma patients and 12 healthy nonallergic individuals were stimulated with allergen in the presence or absence of anti-IL-4, anti-IL-5 or anti-IL-4Ralpha monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, 7-aminoactinomycin-D (7-AAD) intercalation, and flow cytometry were used to determine the CD4+ CD30+ blasts percentage, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and intracellular cytokines after 7 culture days.Cell proliferation induced with allergen showed that 90% of the allergen-stimulated blasts were CD4+, 50% of which were CD30+. Allergen-stimulated PBMC showed a progressive increase (mean: from 7% to 23%) of CD4+ CD30+IFN-gamma+ and CD4+ CD30+IL-4+ blasts which diminished (mean: 6%) after 5 culture days. In contrast, CD4+ CD30+IL-5+ blasts showed a continuous progression (from 12% to 24%) that maintained after 7 culture days. The vast majority of CD4+ CD30+ blasts were negative to 7-AAD or TUNEL. Additionally, a significant decrease (34%) was observed in the number of CD4+ CD30+ blasts when IL-4 was neutralized.These data suggest that specific allergen stimulation of PBMC isolated from allergic patients generates a nonapoptotic CD4+ CD30+ blast subset that produces IL-5.
Combination of Nicotinamide and Steroid Versus Nicotinamide in Recent-Onset IDDM: The IMDIAB II Study
Authors: P Pozzilli, N Visalli, M L Boccuni, M G Baroni, R Buzzetti, E Fioriti, A Signore, MG Cavallo, D Andreani, L Lucentini, M C Matteoli, A Crinò, C A Cicconetti, C Teodonio, R Amoretti, L Pisano, M G Pennafina, G Santopadre, G Marozzi, G Multari, L Campea, M A Suppa, G C De Mattia, M Cassone Faldetta, G Marietti, F Perrone, A V Greco, G Ghirlanda
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of nicotinamide (NCT) alone or in combination with a cortisone-like substance, deflazacort (DFL), on the integrated parameters of metabolic control in patients with the recent-onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-six patients who were diagnosed with diabetes between 5 and 35 years of age entered a randomized, double-blind, 1-year prospective study. Group A (n = 18) received NCT for 1 year (25 mg· kg–1 · day–1) plus DFL for 3 months (0.6 mg · kg–1 · day–1 in the first month, 0.3 mg · kg–1 · day–1 in the other 2 months). Group B (n = 18) received NCT for 1 year (25 mg · kg–1 · day–1) plus placebo forthe first 3 months. All patients were treated with intensified insulin therapy. RESULTS At 3 months after diagnosis, the insulin dose was significantly higher in group A compared with group B (P &amp;lt; 0.03) with similar HbA1 levels. Basal and stimulated C-peptide levels in group A of both adults and children were significantly higher compared with patients of group B (P &amp;lt; 0.05 and P &amp;lt;0.03, respectively). At the end of a 1-year follow-up, basal C-peptide did not differ between the two groups, although stimulated C-peptide was still significantly higher in patients of group A compared with group B (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Finally, insulin requirement did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS A short-term course of DFL therapy at diagnosis in addition to NCT slightly increases glucagon-stimulated but not basal β-cell function after 1 year.
Radiographic stage of osteoarthritis or sex of the patient does not predict one year outcome after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: A-K Nilsdotter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

To investigate whether patients with severe radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) have a different outcome at one year after total hip replacement than patients with moderate radiographic OA. To investigate sex related differences in preoperative radiographic and self reported status and in postoperative outcome.184 patients (96 women) with a mean age at surgery of 71.4 years (50-92), with primary OA of the hip were investigated preoperatively and six and 12 months postoperatively with two self administered questionnaires, SF-36 and WOMAC. The radiographs were evaluated by two independent radiologists using an atlas. Minimal joint space narrowing, osteophytes, cysts, sclerosis, and deformity were assessed. A summary grade 0-3 was made, based on joint space, where 3 is severe OA. The reference population for SF-36 consisted of 2901 subjects matched for age and sex from the general Swedish population.162 patients fulfilled the study criteria. 113 had grade 3, 47 grade 2, and two grade 1 radiographic OA. There was no difference in preoperative or postoperative pain and physical impairment between patients with moderate and severe radiographic OA. There were no sex related differences in preoperative radiographic status, or in postoperative outcome. Neither were any differences in preoperative radiographic status of OA found in patients with previous total hip replacement of the contralateral hip, compared with those who had not been operated on before. All patients, regardless of preoperative radiographic OA stage, showed significant postoperative improvement and at one year achieved a health related quality of life similar to that of the reference group.The severity of radiographic changes indicating OA often weighs heavily in the surgeon's decision to perform a total hip replacement. Yet, the findings of this study emphasise that the preoperative radiographic stage of OA has no correlation with the postoperative outcome after one year. Furthermore, this study failed to detect any sex related differences in preoperative radiographic and self reported status or in postoperative outcome of hip replacement.
Nutritional Management in Diabetes and Pregnancy
Authors: Marion Franz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

During pregnancy it is necessary for the mother with diabetes to maintain careful control of the diabetes in order to lessen both fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The diet must take into account not only the metabolic requirements of the mother, but also those of the developing fetus. A total weight gain of 22 to 26 pounds is recommended, with the pattern of weight gain being more important than the total amount. Pregnancy is not a time for weight reduction. Caloric requirements can be met by the addition of 300 kcal. per day to the prepregnancy meal plan, or about 36 kcal. per kilogram. This can be met by the addition of 50 gms. carbohydrate and 30 gms. protein. Diets will contain approximately 1800 to 2500 calories a day. Calcium, iron, folic acid, and sodium also require attention in meal planning. The importance of regular meals and snacks must be emphasized. In particular, bed-time snacks are important because of the tendency towards overnight hypoglycemia and ketosis.
GMC committee chairman stands down while inquiry takes place
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The chairman of one of the General Medical council's disciplinary committees is to step down while an inquiry is carried out into events that came to light at a GMC hearing last month.

Professor Peter Richards, chairman of the professional conduct committee, has written to the council's president, Graeme Catto, saying he wishes to step down from his position as committee chairman until matters are resolved.

Last month Dr Clive …
Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Few issues related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have generated as much interest and debate as heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its potential contribution to maintenance and growth of the epidemic. Some have suggested that the growing interest in heterosexual transmission has prejudicial elements, that funding for research and control of AIDS depends on its impact on "us" more than the welfare of "them." But the potential for epidemic spread of any communicable disease beyond its recognized bounds is always cause for concern, and the interest in heterosexual transmission in no way detracts from the importance of understanding and controlling the spread of HIV by homosexual contact or the use of intravenous drugs. Moreover, the modes of transmission and the populations at risk are distinguished not by sharp lines but by broad shades of gray. Elsewhere in this issue, Haverkos and Edelman<sup>1</sup>present an excellent comprehensive
GMC denies that changes will mean more doctors being struck off
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The General Medical Council denied this week that its plans to lower the standard of proof in disciplinary proceedings against doctors in the United Kingdom would see more practitioners struck off the medical register. 

Graeme Catto, the GMC's president, said: “We don't anticipate that this will lead to an increase in the number of doctors being erased from the register.” 

Professor Catto was speaking at the launch of the GMC's proposals for far reaching reform of the system of medical regulation in the UK, made in response to recommendations from …
Testosterone Regulates PDE5 Expression and in vivo Responsiveness to Tadalafil in Rat Corpus Cavernosum
Authors: Xin-hua Zhang, Annamaria Morelli, Michaela Luconi, Linda Vignozzi, Sandra Filippi, Mirca Marini, Gabriella Barbara Vannelli, Rosa Mancina, Gianni Forti, Mario Maggi
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Gingival Tumor as the First Sign of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yung-Cheng Huang, Chun-Liang Tung, Huan-Chang Lin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Metastatic tumors of the oral cavity are rare. They account for approximately 1% of all malignant oral tumors. The most common site of oral metastasis is the mandible rather than the oral soft tissues. Gingival metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is even rarer. The lung is the most common site of ab extrahepatic metastasis. We report a 60-year-old man who presented with a gingival tumor and had an F-18 FDG PET/CT scan for disease evaluation. The scan revealed hypermetabolic hepatic tumors. Subsequently, HCC with a gingival metastasis was proved by biopsy with an immunohistochemical analysis of the 2 sites.
Rosiglitazone for Treatment of HIV Lipodystrophy
Authors: Nasser Mikhail
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters2 November 2004Rosiglitazone for Treatment of HIV LipodystrophyNasser Mikhail, MD, MScNasser Mikhail, MD, MScFrom Olive View–UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA 91342.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-9-200411020-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I disagree with Hadigan and colleagues (1) that rosiglitazone had positive effects on metabolic indices in HIV lipodystrophy in their study. In fact, mean plasma levels of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol increased significantly, approximately 13%, with 4 mg of rosiglitazone per day. Surprisingly, Hadigan and colleagues (1) did not comment on the important study by Carr and associates (2) that evaluated rosiglitazone for the same objective. However, compared with Hadigan and colleagues' study (1), the trial by Carr and associates (2) was larger (108 patients) and longer-term (48 weeks) and used maximum rosiglitazone dosages (4 ...References1. Hadigan C, Yawetz S, Thomas A, Havers F, Sax PE, Grinspoon S. Metabolic effects of rosiglitazone in HIV lipodystrophy: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:786-94. [PMID: 15148065] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Carr A, Workman C, Carey D, Rogers G, Martin A, Baker D, et al . No effect of rosiglitazone for treatment of HIV-1 lipoatrophy: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363:429-38. [PMID: 14962523] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Friis-Moller N, Sabin CA, Weber R, d'Arminio. Monforte A, El-Sadr WM, Reiss P. et al , Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1993-2003. [PMID: 14627784] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Olive View–UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA 91342. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMetabolic Effects of Rosiglitazone in HIV Lipodystrophy Colleen Hadigan , Sigal Yawetz , Abraham Thomas , Fiona Havers , Paul E. Sax , and Steven Grinspoon Rosiglitazone for Treatment of HIV Lipodystrophy Colleen Hadigan and Steven Grinspoon Metrics 2 November 2004Volume 141, Issue 9Page: 739KeywordsAntiretroviral therapyBlood plasmaCardiovascular therapyCholesterolFatsHIVLipid profilesLipidsLipodystrophyLow density lipoprotein ePublished: 2 November 2004 Issue Published: 2 November 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Packages of Care for Schizophrenia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Jair de Jesus Mari, Denise Razzouk, Rangaswamy Thara, Julian Eaton, Graham Thornicroft
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

This is the third in a series of articles highlighting the delivery of ''packages of care'' for mental health disorders in low-and middleincome countries.Packages of care are combinations of treatments aimed at improving the recognition and management of conditions to achieve optimal outcomes.