tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How Lymphocytes Kill Tumor Cells
Authors: A.C. Allison, J. Ferluga
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

During the past decade evidence has accumulated that many tumors in man and in laboratory animals stimulate immune responses. These responses are complex, involving antibody formation, T-lymphocyte-mediated tumor-cell cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent killing by nonspecific effector cells (K cells) and activated macrophages. To use immunotherapy in clinical oncology, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms by which immune responses result in killing of tumor cells and how the effectiveness of these mechanisms can be increased. Most information has been accumulated about T lymphocytes in well defined experimental situations.The systematic studies of Brunner1 and Cerottini2 and their colleagues showed that thymus-derived T . . .
Impairment of Auditory Regulation, and Rubella
Authors: Werner I. Halpern
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Ames et al (<b>213:</b>419, 1970) allude in passing to the possibility that central auditory imperception traceable to fetal rubella infection is associated with the development of emotional reactions if the afflicted children cannot acquire language. Evidence is accumulating that central regulatory impairments, including auditory imperception, may give rise to autistic behavior in vulnerable children.<sup>1-4</sup>It is conceivable that some cases of developmental aphasia, with autism as presenting behavior, are variants of the congenital rubella syndrome. The emphasis of the authors on early treatment of central auditory imperception by providing a program of speech awareness is well taken. Amelioration or even prevention of the profound arrest in social development of some children can be achieved by this method. Speech and language training, along the lines suggested in the article for children with central auditory imperception, has reversed the social isolation of young autists<sup>5</sup>but not
B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythaematosus: relationships among serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels, autoantibody profile and clinical response
Authors: G Cambridge, D A Isenberg, J C W Edwards, M J Leandro, T-S Migone, M Teodorescu, W Stohl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

To assess the relationships between serum B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) levels, autoantibody profile and clinical response in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) following rituximab-based B cell depletion therapy (BCDT).A total of 25 patients with active refractory SLE were followed for >or=1 year following BCDT. Disease activity was assessed using the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) system, and serum levels of BLyS and autoantibodies to dsDNA and extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) measured by ELISA. Serum immunoglobulins and anti-dsDNA antibodies were assessed for expression of the 9G4 idiotope (indicating VH4-34 germline gene origin).Following BCDT, all patients depleted in the peripheral blood and improved clinically for >or=3 months. Pre-BCDT BLyS levels were quantifiable (median 1.9 ng/ml) in 18/25 patients and rose in most patients at 3 months post-BCDT (median 4.15 ng/ml). Nine patients, all with quantifiable pre-BCDT serum BLyS, experienced a disease flare within 1 year. This group of patients was more likely to harbour anti-Ro/SSA antibodies (odds ratio 1.76; p = 0.06) with higher serum levels (p = 0.0027; Mann-Whitney U test). Serum levels of anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP)/Sm were also higher in this group (p<0.05). Expression of VH4-34 by serum immunoglobulins and anti-dsDNA antibodies had no predictive value for the length of clinical response.Patients with SLE with an expanded autoantibody profile and raised BLyS levels at baseline had shorter clinical responses to BCDT. This may reflect a greater propensity to, and degree of, epitope spreading in such patients and suggests that treatment regimens beyond BCDT may be necessary to induce long-lasting clinical remissions in these individuals.
Pemphigoid gestationis: maternal sera recognize epitopes restricted to the N-terminal portion of the extracellular domain of BP180 not present on its shed ectodomain
Authors: C. Sitaru, J. Powell, I. Shimanovich, S. Jainta, G. Kirtschig, F. Wojnarowska, D. Zillikens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, Pemphigoid (herpes) gestationis (PG) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease associated with pregnancy and characterized by linear deposition of C3 and, less frequently, of immunoglobulin (Ig)G along the dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ).1 Complement‐fixing circulating IgG autoantibodies to the DEJ in serum of PG patients are mainly directed to the 180‐kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen (BP180), a transmembrane hemidesmosomal glycoprotein.2 BP180 consists of an intracellular N‐terminal globular head, a transmembrane region, and a C‐terminal ectodomain. The extracellular domain of BP180 consists of 15 collagenous and 16 noncollagenous (NC) regions harbouring different antigenic sites recognized by autoantibodies from patients with various subepidermal blistering diseases.2 The ectodomain of BP180 may be shed from the surface of basal keratinocytes by cleavage within the NC16A domain resulting in a 120‐kDa fragment (LAD‐1) that lacks a short juxtamembranous portion of the extracellular domain of BP180 (Fig. 1).3, 4 In human skin, the cleavage of BP180 results in another antigenic fragment of 97 kDa (LABD97) that can be extracted from epidermis.5 Recent findings from our laboratory suggest that LAD‐1 and LABD97 have different N‐termini.6
Health minister fails to reassure over consultant expansion Consultants fear for their future Government must heed inequalities in health Consultants consider changes to C merit awards BMA supports nurses' plea for national pay Transitional local pay cannot apply to most consultants Ministers refuse to meet clinical academic staff
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

# Health minister fails to reassure over consultant expansion {#article-title-2}

The minister for health, Mr Gerald Malone, told consultants last week that the government remained committed to consultant expansion, to a consultant based rather than consultant led NHS, and to the proposals in Achieving a Balance and in the Calman report on specialist training. He believed that there were sufficient levers in the system to ensure that the proposals were carried forward. But he failed to convince the Central Consultants and Specialists Committee that there would be adequate expansion or to allay the committee's concern at the expansion of non-consultant career grades. The chairman, Mr James Johnson, told him that there was “enormous concern” in the profession about this expansion and that if this was allowed to continue there would be a very different hospital service in the future and that junior doctors would be trained to be non-consultants. “This will fundamentally change the face of British medicine.” The chairman of the negotiating subcommittee, Dr Peter Hawker, referred to the growth in the number of people appointed to non-standard grades, often without approval. This was a quality issue. Trusts should be stopped from appointing such posts.

Mr Johnson, who had raised the same issue at the meeting of the BMA council the day before (see below), told his committee that he would discuss the matter with the presidents of the royal colleges and suggest that they seek a meeting with the health secretary.

In his opening remarks the minister said that he believed that the new Advisory Group on Medical and Dental Education, Training, and Staffing would ensure that there was a sufficient number of trained doctors and that there was flexibility in the system. Each specialty would be reviewed regularly using a more flexible methodology. “The input of the profession is vital,” he said. The ultimate aim was to …
MCAT: Picayune or Malevolent?-Reply
Authors: Bruce B. Dan
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> From its incomprehensibility, I would guess that Dr Will's second paragraph was lifted straight from a previous MCAT. Having learned a little quizmanship from my two earlier attempts at the all-day examination, I decided to skip the paragraph and come back to it later if I had time. As to his comments acknowledging that the MCAT was picayune and that being picayune was a necessary evil of such tests, I should remind him that the word<i>picayune</i>connotes "petty or mean" or "of little value or importance." It comes from the French,<i>picaillon</i>, a small copper coin, and I wouldn't give one red cent for the value of the mindless morass of minutiae called an MCAT, which masquerades as a selection process for a career in medicine. With the same confused tangle of thought that typifies the feckless jumble of questions thrown together in the MCAT, Dr Will
High prevalence of HCV infection in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Comparison with birth cohort- and sex-matched blood donors in a Japanese population
Authors: Yasuharu Imai, Masahiko Ohsawa, Hideo Tanaka, Shinji Tamura, Hiroyuki Sugawara, Jun Kuyama, Kazuto Fukada, Takeshi Yonezawa, Yuji Matszawa
Journal: Hepatology (2002)
Thalidomide ("Distaval") and Foetal Abnormalities
Authors: B. C. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1962)

DIBRmplaying about trying to find the hole that I had made in a feeding-bottle teat.Is it too much to hope that our own authorities might take a lesson from the American and Canadian suppliers and present our lymph to us in a similar fashion ?-I am, etc., Seven Kings, Essex.
ONE-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES WITH BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BIOLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: COMPARISON WITH DURABLE POLYMER EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT
Authors: Takashi Morinaga, Shoichi Kuramitsu, Takashi Hiromasa, Yohei Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Jinnouchi, Shinichi Shirai, Koyu Sakai, Kenji Ando, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 3913: Estrogen receptor beta and estrogen receptor beta 5 in triple negative breast cancer cells: IGF-II role in regulation of estrogen receptor beta 5
Authors: Chane’ O'Bannon
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract African American (AA) women with breast cancer are more likely to be diagnosed at a more advanced stage of the disease, have a higher recurrence rate and a poorer prognosis than Caucasian (CA) women. They also are more often diagnosed with high-grade breast tumors at an earlier age (pre-menopausal), most of which are negative for the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER-, PR-). These factors result in a higher mortality rate among AA breast cancer patients. Our lab has demonstrated that AA women have increased levels of IGF-II coupled with lower levels of the IGF-II receptor needed to degrade IGF-II, thus leading to higher IGF-Ii signaling in contrast to CA women. AA women also have a higher expression of the insulin receptor A versus insulin receptor B when compared to CA women, which increases proliferation and decreases metabolic effects (Singh et. al 2011). We have also shown that IGF-II activates the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) and estrogen receptor beta (ER-α) in the absence of the estrogen ligand (Richardson et. Al 2011). When co-expressed, ER-α counteracts the proliferative function of ER-α, however the role of ER-α in breast cancer is different in ER-α negative compared to ER-α positive tumors. Furthermore, there are 5 different isoforms of ER-α, of which ER-Δ5 is the most abundantly expressed form in AA women. Since IGF-II activates ER-α and ER-Δ5 is associated with increased mortality and decreased time recurrence, we have designed a study to determine if IGF-II regulates ER-Δ5. We hypothesize that in the absence of ER-α, ER-α may activate the ER-α signaling pathway, and that the elevated expression of ER-Δ5 and its heterodimerization with of ER-α1 contributes to the overall survival disparity. To test this hypothesis we characterized the levels of phophorylated ER-α (pER-α) and compared them to IGF-II levels in triple negative breast cancer cells and normal triple negative epithelial cells. IGF-II levels were analyzed using western blotting for protein, and RT-PCR for mRNA. AA women have a higher expression of IGF-II in both malignant and normal cells, and comparably higher levels of expression of the active form of ER-α when compared to CA breast cancer cell lines. IGF-II stimulation promoted the translocation of ER-Δ5 to different cellular compartments. We propose that ER-Δ5 impairs the inhibitory effects of ER-α and thus may contribute to the survival disparity among AA breast cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3913. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3913
Cloning of novel soluble gp130 and detection of its neutralizing autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Masao Tanaka, Masaaki Kishimura, Shoichi Ozaki, Fumio Osakada, Hidetaka Hashimoto, Mitsuo Okubo, Masao Murakami, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

In an attempt to isolate disease-associated autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we cloned a new autoantigen named gp130-RAPS, which is a novel soluble form of the IL-6 signal–transducing molecule gp130. gp130-RAPS is a 50-kDa protein translated from alternatively spliced mRNA and has a truncated form of gp130 with a unique sequence, Asn-Ile-Ala-Ser-Phe (NIASF), in its COOH-terminus. We observed serum antibodies to this NIASF sequence frequently in patients with RA, but not in those with other systemic rheumatic diseases or in healthy subjects. In RA, detection of those antibodies was significantly associated with disease activity indices such as serum C–reactive protein (CRP) levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood platelet counts, and serum IL-6 concentration. In vitro experiments revealed that gp130-RAPS inhibited IL-6 activity, and this inhibition was neutralized by antibodies to the COOH-terminus of gp130-RAPS derived from patients with RA. Thus, autoantibody to gp130-RAPS may play an important role in the progression of RA by promoting IL-6 activity. Inspection of autoantibodies to gp130-RAPS may become a practical clinical test for RA. gp130-RAPS and its autoantibody provide a new clue to the complicated pathogenesis of RA.
Erythrocyte Sensitization and Anemia Due to Isoantibodies in Lyophilized Pooled Plasma
Authors: Harold A. Oberman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

EARLY in this century it was thought that the isoantibodies in group O blood were of no consequence to recipients of other blood groups. This soon was proved incorrect by reports of intravascular hemolysis following use of this blood in such a manner.<sup>1</sup>As a result, only group O bloods having low saline anti-A and anti-B titers (less than 1:50), low immune anti-A and anti-B titers (less than 1:20) or lacking hemolysins, or group O packed cells are acceptable for transfusion to patients of other blood groups.<sup>2</sup> Not so well recognized is the danger of erythrocyte sensitization and destruction due to isoantibodies in pooled plasma. Such plasma pools are constituted by mixing plasma from donors of the various blood groups, thereby presumably neutralizing and diluting the isoantibodies. Such plasma was used extensively in World War II, with no reports of resultant hemolysis.<sup>3</sup>Shortly after the war, Ebert
Development of human peribiliary capillary plexus: A lectin-histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Tadashi Terada, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We investigated the development of human intrahepatic peribiliary capillary plexus by lectin-histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, using 40 fetal livers of various gestational ages, 52 postnatal livers of various ages, and 10 adult livers. In the earliest developmental stage of intrahepatic bile ducts ("the stage of ductal plate"), no vasculatures were found around the ductal plate, but progenitor vascular cells positive for von Willebrand factor, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I and succinylated wheat germ agglutinin appeared in the mesenchyme of the portal tracts. In "the stage of biliary cell migration into the mesenchyme," the progenitor vascular cells transformed into capillaries positive for von Willebrand factor, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, and succinylated wheat germ agglutinin. In "the stage of bile duct formation," capillaries began to surround the bile ducts (immature peribiliary capillary plexus). The capillaries of the immature peribiliary capillary plexus proliferated and formed premature peribiliary capillary plexus around 40 wk of gestation in large bile ducts and around 6 wk after birth in small bile ducts. The former was composed of inner and outer layers, whereas the latter consisted of scattered capillaries without layer formation. The premature peribiliary capillary plexus continued to proliferate in the postnatal life and reached an adult and mature state around 15 yr. These data suggest that endothelial cells of capillaries of peribiliary capillary plexus derive from mesenchyme at the earliest stage of bile duct development and that the development and maturation of peribiliary capillary plexus progress parallel to those of the intrahepatic bile ducts.
Efficacy of an Adeno-associated Virus 8-Pseudotyped Vector in Glycogen Storage Disease Type II
Authors: Baodong Sun, Haoyue Zhang, Luis M. Franco, Sarah P. Young, Ayn Schneider, Andrew Bird, Andrea Amalfitano, Y.-T. Chen, Dwight D. Koeberl
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Glycogen storage disease type II (GSD-II; Pompe disease) causes death in infancy from cardiorespiratory failure. The underlying deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA; acid maltase) can be corrected by liver-targeted gene therapy in GSD-II, if secretion of GAA is accompanied by receptor-mediated uptake in cardiac and skeletal muscle. An adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding human (h) GAA was pseudotyped as AAV8 (AAV2/8) and injected intravenously into immunodeficient GSD-II mice. High levels of hGAA were maintained in plasma for 24 weeks following AAV2/8 vector administration. A marked increase in vector copy number in the liver was demonstrated for the AAV2/8 vector compared to the analogous AAV2/2 vector. GAA deficiency in the heart and skeletal muscle was corrected with the AAV2/8 vector in male GSD-II mice, consistent with receptor-mediated uptake of hGAA. Male GSD-II mice demonstrated complete correction of glycogen storage in heart and diaphragm with the AAV2/8 vector, while female GSD-II mice had correction only in the heart. A biomarker for GSD-II was reduced in both sexes following AAV2/8 vector administration. Therefore, GAA production with an AAV2/8 vector in a depot organ, the liver, generated evidence for efficacious gene therapy in a mouse model for GSD-II.
Expression of the cytoplasmic NPM1 mutant (NPMc+) causes the expansion of hematopoietic cells in zebrafish
Authors: Niccolò Bolli, Elspeth M. Payne, Clemens Grabher, Jeong-Soo Lee, Adam B. Johnston, Brunangelo Falini, John P. Kanki, A. Thomas Look
Journal: Blood (2010)
Phenomenal consciousness lite: No thanks!
Authors: J. Kevin O'Regan, Erik Myin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract The target article appeals to recent empirical data to support the idea that there is more to phenomenality than is available to access consciousness. However, this claim is based on an unwarranted assumption, namely, that some kind of cortical processing must be phenomenal. The article also considerably weakens Block's original distinction between a truly nonfunctional phenomenal consciousness and a functional access consciousness. The new form of phenomenal consciousness seems to be a poor-man's cognitive access.
Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Evolution of Glucose Parameters in Growth Hormone–Deficient Subjects During Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Anton Luger, Anders F. Mattsson, Maria KoŁtowska-Häggström, Maria Thunander, Miklos Góth, Johan Verhelst, Roger Abs
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of the current study was to determine incidence of diabetes during GH replacement therapy (GHRT) and the effect of GHRT on fasting plasma glucose concentrations and HbA1c in adult patients with GH deficiency. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 5,143 GH-deficient patients (male 49.9%; mean age ± SD, 49 ± 13 years; BMI 29.1 ± 5.9 kg/m2) were analyzed. Mean observation period was 3.9 years (range 0.01–13). Total number of patient-years was 20,106. Observed number of cases (O) was compared with expected number of cases (E). Reference rates were from Sweden, three additional European regions, and one U.S. region. RESULTS Patients who developed diabetes (n = 523) were older; had higher BMI, waist circumference, triglyceride concentrations, and blood pressure; and had lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) than those who did not develop diabetes. Diabetes incidence was 2.6 per 100 patient-years, equal in both sexes, and significantly increased compared with the Swedish reference (O/E = 6.02; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) as well as with the four other populations (O/E = 2.11–5.22). O/E increased with BMI and decreased with duration of GHRT (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). There was no significant association with GH dose (P = 0.74) or IGF-I SDS (P = 0.47). In subjects not developing diabetes, plasma glucose concentrations increased from 84.4 ± 0.9 mg/dL to 89.5 ± 0.8 mg/dL (0.70 mg/dL/year) and HbA1c increased from 4.74 ± 0.04% to 5.09 ± 0.13% (0.036%/year) after 6 years of GHRT. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes incidence appears to be increased in GH-deficient patients receiving GHRT and exhibiting an adverse risk profile at baseline. Therefore, glucose homeostasis parameters should be monitored carefully in these patients.
Sequential Dose Injections A New Technique for Technetium-99m Colloid Gastrointestinal Bleeding Studies
Authors: CALVIN B. DELAPLAIN, MICHAEL C. C. LING, FRANCES YEH, RICHARD D. WASNICH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

For Tc-99m colloid bleeding studies to be positive, the patient must be actively bleeding while the colloid is circulating in the blood pool. A simple technique of sequential dose injections (SDI) is presented where five injections of 2 mCi each are made at 5-minute intervals. Image acquisition is performed after each injection. This technique results in an increase in the effective plasma residence time of the colloidal particles from 10-15 minutes to 35-40 minutes. A case report is presented in which the bleeding site was identified only after the fifth serial injection of a fractionated dose of Tc-99m microaggregated albumin colloid.
Financial Incentives to Control Hypertension in Patients
Authors: David C. Norris
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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