tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case of Aneurysm of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: F. Branson
Journal: BMJ (1843)

ANEURYSAI OF TIHE THORACIC AORTA.salille mixture, withimagnesia.She passed a tolerably good night, anld the next morninig the pulse was 90, aind stronger, but there lhad been Ino evacuation from the bowels.The vomitinig retuined during the day, ainid continued at intervals until the 5th.The abdomen was tympaniitic, and there was no relief from the bowels durinig this period; but on the 5th she had two free evacuations per anum, and a slight fncal discharge from the w%vound.The vomiting then ceased, anld the swvelling of the abdomen subsided.On the 6th an artificial anus was fully formed, and the whlole of the fmces were discharged through it.13.The slough of intestine came away this morn- ilng; she had a copious stool per anum in the after-110011.17. Comiiplains of pain in the abdomen, wlhiclh is distended, the bowels not having acted sufficiently.A dose of castor oil was given.18. Has had a copious discharge of fuces per alnum, followed by complete relief.The discharge of freces from the groin has nearly ceased.21.No discharge of fnces from the groin.From this time the whole of the motions were passed per aniuiim, but the wound was not sufficiently healed to enable her to bear thc pressuire of a truss until April 2-1, when she was discharged cured.These cases appear to me of peculiar interest in relationi to two important points of practice.The lirst is, the treatment of the intestine, when it is found in a gangrenous state.It appears from both the cases that a portion of intestine, in such a conditionl, may with safety be returned into the cavity of the abdomeni, provided that the wound is left open for the escape of the contents of the bowels, when the dead portioin is cast off.It has beeni remarked by Mr. Key, with reference to lheniia that has been in.
PELVIC DISEASE AS A FACTOR OF CAUSE IN INSANITY OF FEMALES AND SURGERY AS A FACTOR OF CURE.
Authors: EUGENE G. CARPENTER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In considering what we know of the causes of insanity, the unknown quantity represents an equal ratio with that which may be fairly regarded as the known. In the psychiatric revival of the last ten years, the moral causes, upon which so much stress was wont to be laid in the past, have sustained a severe recession. Formerly excessive grief or excessive joy, loss of property or loss of soul, diabolism or sainthood; in brief, any disturbance of the emotions, was sufficient in assigning cause. To-day, in the light of what we know of anthropology, pathologic chemistry, bacteriology, and autointoxication, science has turned to physiologic phenomena for explanation in the disease, insanity. It having been observed in the early history of medicine that many nervous and emotional disturbances in women were associated with disorders occurring at puberty, the catamenia, the puerperal state, the lactic and the climacteric periods, the older
Observer Variation in the Clinical and Radiological Assessment of Hepatosplenomegaly
Authors: L. M. Blendis, W. J. McNeilly, L. Sheppard, R. Williams, J. W. Laws
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The size of the liver and spleen of 32 patients was assessed by four clinicians from a clinical examination and by four radiologists from a plain radiograph of the abdomen. The latter assessment was found to be subject to less variation than the former, particularly in regard to the liver. Large livers and spleens were more easily seen radiologically than small ones. Most of the variation among the radiologists arose because of the 6% and 24% of cases in which the liver and spleen, respectively, were poorly seen on the radiograph. It is concluded that a plain radiograph of the abdomen, including the diaphragm and with the costal margin indicated, is a useful adjunct to clinical examination.
Determinants of aortic cyclic guanosine monophosphate in hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase.
Authors: J F Arnal, L Warin, J B Michel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Nitric oxide (NO) and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) cause vascular relaxation by generating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) via activation of the soluble and particulate guanylate cyclases, respectively. The chronic effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an L-arginine antagonist and NO synthase inhibitor, on the blood pressure and plasma and aortic cGMP levels of rats were tested. Wistar rats (n = 10 per group) were given doses of L-NAME (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg.d) by gavage twice a day for 4 wk. Chronic L-NAME induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in blood pressure. The total heart weight/body weight ratio did not change in any group, despite the hypertension. The plasma levels of cGMP did not change significantly in any group, and were correlated with the plasma ANF levels (r = 0.51, P less than 0.0001). Aortic cGMP decreased in negative correlation with increasing L-NAME from 0 to 10 mg/kg.d, culminating in a 10-fold drop arterial wall cGMP. The aortic cGMP content of rats in the four highest dose groups (from 10 to 100 mg/d) tended to increase slightly and was positively correlated with endogenous ANF (r = 0.48, P less than 0.002, n = 40). Intravenous L-arginine decreased arterial blood pressure and reversed the decline in aortic cGMP. Exogenous ANF and sodium nitroprusside both significantly increased aortic cGMP. Neither the arterial wall concentrations of cGMP-dependent kinase nor cAMP was changed by L-NAME. Thus, chronic blockade of NO synthase with L-NAME induces a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure and decrease in aortic cGMP. The in vivo basal aortic cGMP seems to be mainly dependent on NO synthase: soluble guanylate cyclase activity and to a minor extent on particulate guanylate cyclase activity.
Hyaluronic acid-bearing lipoplexes: Physico-chemical characterization and in vitro targeting of the CD44 receptor
Authors: Amélie Dufaÿ Wojcicki, Hervé Hillaireau, Thais Leite Nascimento, Silvia Arpicco, Myriam Taverna, Sandy Ribes, Mickaël Bourge, Valérie Nicolas, Amélie Bochot, Christine Vauthier, Nicolas Tsapis, Elias Fattal
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Mastocytosis and the Mast Cell
Authors: David Lagunoff
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The number of monographs and review articles on the mast cell that have appeared in recent years is nothing short of amazing. I should not be surprised by a claim that the mast cell was a close runner-up to the lymphocyte in the category of the vertebrate cell type to which the greatest number of written words has been devoted. If it was further purported that a large part of the accumulated verbiage represented a rather immodest cloak for our ignorance, who would say nay? Although isolated facts of one sort or another accumulate monthly in the journals and subsequently are artfully arranged into monographs along with a dash of enterprising philosophy, knowledge of the place of the mast cell in the bodily economy of the vertebrates remains scant. Any hopes that the misfortunes of those afflicted with mast cell disease might provide important leads for a proper understanding of
Leaders Seek to Limit Children’s Exposure to E-Cigarettes
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rate of cervical cancer, severe intraepithelial neoplasia, and adenocarcinoma in situ in primary HPV DNA screening with cytology triage: randomised study within organised screening programme
Authors: A. Anttila, L. Kotaniemi-Talonen, M. Leinonen, M. Hakama, P. Laurila, J. Tarkkanen, N. Malila, P. Nieminen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the performance and impact of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA screening with cytology triage compared with conventional cytology on cervical cancer and severe pre-cancerous lesions. <b>Design</b> Randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> Population based screening programme for cervical cancer in southern Finland in 2003-5. <b>Participants</b> 58 076 women, aged 30-60, invited to the routine population based screening programme for cervical cancer. <b>Interventions</b> Primary HPV DNA test (hybrid capture II) with cytology triage if the result was positive or conventional cytological screening (reference). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Rate of cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III, and adenocarcinoma in situ (as a composite outcome referred to as CIN III+) during 2003-7 through record linkage between files from the screening registry and the national cancer registry. <b>Results</b> In the HPV and conventional arms there were 95 600 and 95 700 woman years of follow-up and 76 and 53 cases of CIN III+, respectively (of which six and eight were cervical cancers). The relative rate of CIN III+ in the HPV arm versus the conventional arm was 1.44 (95% confidence interval 1.01 to 2.05) among all women invited for screening and 1.77 (1.16 to 2.74) among those who attended. Among women with a normal or negative test result, the relative rate of subsequent CIN III+ was 0.28 (0.04 to 1.17). The rate of cervical cancer between arms was 0.75 (0.25 to 2.16) among women invited for screening and 1.98 (0.52 to 9.38) among those who attended. <b>Conclusions</b> When incorporated into a well established organised screening programme, primary HPV screening with cytology triage was more sensitive than conventional cytology in detecting CIN III+ lesions. The number of cases of cervical cancer was small, but considering the high probability of progression of CIN III the findings are of importance regarding cancer prevention. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN23885553.
Pneumococcal Vaccine: To Use or Not
Authors: David W. Fraser
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The relicensure of pneumococcal vaccine in late 1977 capped an intensive investigation of the feasibility of vaccinating humans against pneumococcal disease. Austrian and Gold<sup>1</sup>had shown the need for an effective vaccine by demonstrating that pneumococcal pneumonia could be fatal despite appropriate therapy, and Austrian and other co-workers<sup>2</sup>showed that 14 serotypes cause three fourths of the cases of pneumococcal bacteremia, suggesting that a vaccine would be clinically useful if it included only those 14 of the 83 antigenically distinct capsular serotypes. The efficacy of polyvalent vaccines was shown in a series of trials with young gold miners in South Africa, who are at high risk of contracting pneumococcal pneumonia.<sup>2,3</sup> Formulating rational recommendations for using 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine in the United States has proved to be a formidable task. Elsewhere in this issue (p 473), Patrick and Woolley have made a praiseworthy attempt at weighing the costs
Family of missing UK doctor says he entered Syria with 20 000 in medical supplies to provide aid
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The plight of a UK doctor who went to Syria over two months ago to offer humanitarian aid remains unclear.

Abbas Khan, 31, was detained while working at a hospital in Aleppo in November, and his family has not heard from him since.

The family believes that he is being held at an air force prison in Damascus, but the Syrian authorities have said that they have no information about the missing doctor.

Khan, a father of two who had been training in the United Kingdom to be an orthopaedic surgeon, initially went to Turkey with an aid agency called Human Aid to treat injured refugees crossing the border from Syria.

Most aid agencies had pulled out of Syria some months earlier because of the increasingly dangerous situation, but Khan reportedly heard refugees’ stories of people dying on the streets for lack …
HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I Infection in High-Risk Groups in Brazil
Authors: Eduardo Cortes, Roger Detels, David Aboulafia, Xi Ling Li, Tarsem Moudgil, Masud Alam, Carlos Bonecker, Augusto Gonzaga, Luiza Oyafuso, Michele Tondo, Carlos Boite, Nelson Hammershlak, Carlos Capitani, Dennis J. Slamon, David D. Ho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We conducted a serologic survey for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-I) in 704 Brazilians with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or at risk for it. The study population included 70 homosexual men (11 of whom were prostitutes), 58 bisexual men (19 of whom were prostitutes), 101 female prostitutes from three socioeconomic groups, 13 wives of men with hemophilia who were seropositive for HIV-1 antibodies, and 47 blood donors with positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tests for syphilis, all from Rio de Janeiro; 86 female prostitutes from two rural towns in Minas Gerais; 133 patients with AIDS from São Paulo; and 196 men with bleeding disorders who were seropositive for HIV-1 antibodies on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The prevalence of HIV-1 infection was highest in the homosexual male prostitutes (45 percent), the wives of patients with hemophilia (38 percent), the bisexual men (28 percent), the homosexual men who were not prostitutes (19 percent), and the female prostitutes from the lower class (9 percent). Combined HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection was found in 3 percent of the patients with AIDS and in 1 percent of the homosexual men. The prevalence of HTLV-I infection ranged from 1 percent in rural female prostitutes to 13 percent in HIV-1–positive men with bleeding disorders in Rio de Janeiro. Combined HIV-1 and HTLV-I infection occurred in 1 to 11 percent of some male subgroups. We conclude that in Brazil HIV-1 infection is already well established among homosexuals, bisexuals, and lower-class female prostitutes, with bisexual men probably acting as a bridge between the heterosexual and homosexual communities, that HTLV-I infection is prevalent in groups at risk for AIDS, and that HIV-2 infection has already been introduced into the country. (N Engl J Med 1989;320:953–8.)
Visceral Scleroderma without Skin Involvement
Authors: S. Crown
Journal: BMJ (1961)

OBJECTIVES: The attitudes and knowledge of hospital based staff about the capabilities of general practice may be important obstacles to continuity of care and the quality of communication at the primary-secondary care interface. However, little research has sought to investigate such factors or how they change over time. The study aims to assess how senior house officers (SHOs) in accident and emergency (A&amp;E) departments perceive general practice, and to test how attitudes change during their six months9 tenure. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to all A&amp;E SHOs working in the 27 A&amp;E departments in South Thames region. At the end of the first month and at the end of the sixth months SHOs were asked to respond using 100 mm visual analogue scales to statements about the quality of general practitioner (GP) services in their area and their attitudes towards treating primary care patients in A&amp;E. RESULTS: After sending reminders, 135 (79%) SHOs responded to the questionnaire at the end of the first month, and 115 (67%) responded to the questionnaire at the end of the sixth month; 104 (61%) responded to both. Statements relating to GP accessibility within and outside normal working hours, perceptions of patients9 satisfaction with GP services, GPs9 effectiveness in educating patients about use of services, and the frustrations and lack of reward of treating primary care patients scored most negatively. The overall trend was for attitudes to become more negative during SHOs9 period of employment in A&amp;E, particularly for those intent on hospital specialist careers or those working within London hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate the extent to which attitudes become more entrenched over time. This may lead to care that is more hospital focused. These issues need to be addressed if quality improvement is to occur across the A&amp;E-primary care interface.
CHLORPROMAZINE PHOTOSENSITIVITY IN MICE: ITS ACTION SPECTRUM AND THE EFFECT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
Authors: J. A. A. HUNTER, L. K. BHUTANI, I. A. Magnus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— The photosensitizing action spectrum of chlorpromazine (CP) has been investigated in hairless mice. Our results suggest that CP photosensitivity in this animal has a broad action spectrum in the longwave u.v. spectrum, viz. from 330 to 370–380 nm., with peak activity at wavelengths just above normal sunburn wavelengths. In other words we could establish photosensitization activity of the drug at wavelengths which it is known to absorb that are longer than about 320 nm.; we were unable to demonstrate a lowering of threshold response in the presence of the drug when normal sunburn wavelengths were used. Both soya bean trypsin inhibitor and e‐amino‐n‐caproic acid inhibited the specific photosensitivity reactions of immediate or early onset, due to CP. This result suggests that the reaction may be mediated through the action of a plasmin or “protease‐polypeptide” system. It is tentatively suggested that the mediators causing the normal sunburn reaction may differ from those causing CP photosensitivity.
Treatment of Venous Thrombosis with Subcutaneous Heparin
Authors: Edwin W. Salzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Although anticoagulation is almost universally accepted as the preferred treatment for pulmonary embolism and for venous thrombosis in the lower extremities, its use is for the most part based on anecdotes and retrospective clinical surveys; data from properly controlled prospective studies are very few. By today's standards, the most frequently cited trials of anticoagulant drugs in pulmonary embolism1 , 2 are deficient in design, and the evidence supporting anticoagulant treatment for deep-vein thrombosis is equally unsatisfactory. When modern diagnostic methods have been employed, the purpose has usually been to compare anticoagulation for venous thrombosis with treatment by thrombolytic agents rather than with . . .
What To Do About Tic Douloureux
Authors: John D. Loeser
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Tic douloureux is a common disease that causes excruciating pain. It is a central pain due to a lesion within the trigeminal nerve or brain stem. The majority of patients with tic douloureux are successfully treated by pharmacotherapy with phenytoin or carbamazepine. Those who fail under medical management should promptly be offered modern surgical alleviation of their pain: percutaneous radiofrequency gangliolysis or decompression of the trigeminal nerve at the brain stem (Jannetta procedure). The goal of surgical therapy should be pain relief with minimal sensory loss; the complications of surgery are usually due to denervation of the face or eye. Patients with tic douloureux should not be subjected to extraneous drug therapy or other procedures with a low likelihood of long-term success.
Use of Tunneled Femoral Catheters To Prevent Catheter-Related Infection
Authors: Jean-François Timsit
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

The risk for catheter-related infection seems higher with femoral catheters than with catheters inserted at other sites.To evaluate the effect of catheter tunneling on femoral catheter-related infection in critically ill patients.Randomized, controlled trial.Three intensive care units at academic hospitals in Paris, France.345 adult patients requiring a femoral venous catheter for more than 48 hours.Tunneled or nontunneled femoral catheters.Time to occurrence of systemic catheter-related sepsis, catheter-related bloodstream infection, and quantitative catheter tip culture with a cutoff of 10(3) colony-forming units/mL.Of 345 randomly assigned patients, 336 were evaluable. Probable systemic catheter-related sepsis occurred in 15 of 168 patients who received a nontunneled femoral catheter (controls) and in 5 of 168 patients who received a tunneled femoral catheter (estimated absolute risk reduction, 6% [95% CI, 0.9% to 11%]). Time to occurrence of catheter-related bloodstream infection was not significantly modified (relative risk, 0.28 [CI, 0.03 to 1.92]; P = 0.18); 3 events occurred in the control group and 1 event occurred in the tunneled-catheter group. After stratification by treatment center and adjustment for variables that were prognostic (use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents at catheter insertion) or imbalanced between both groups (mechanical ventilation at insertion), tunnelized catheterization reduced the proportion of patients who developed systemic catheter-related sepsis (relative risk, 0.25 [CI, 0.09 to 0.72]; P = 0.005) and positive quantitative culture of the catheter tip (relative risk, 0.48 [CI, 0.23 to 0.99]; P = 0.045).The incidence of femoral catheter-related infections in critically ill patients can be reduced by using subcutaneous tunneling.