tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infantile Hypercalcemia Syndrome in Twins
Authors: Hobart E. Wiltse, Richard B. Goldbloom, Asuquo U. Antia, Ole E. Ottesen, Richard D. Rowe, Robert E. Cooke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

AORTIC hypoplasia and multiple stenoses of pulmonary and systemic arteries occur frequently in patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis (S.A.S.).1 2 3 4 The combination of lesions has been designated "complicated S.A.S."5 or the "S.A.S. syndrome",3 and an association with infantile hypercalcemia has been recognized.3 , 6 7 8 9 A combination of the distinctive facies described by Williams et al.,10 mental retardation, aortic hypoplasia and multiple arterial stenoses without supravalvular aortic stenosis has not previously been described. We report here such an occurrence in identical twins with transient evidence of hypercalcemia in early life.Case ReportTwin girls, J.D. and K.D., were born at full term to apparently . . .
Prognostic Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and EGFRvIII in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients
Authors: Amy B. Heimberger, Roman Hlatky, Dima Suki, David Yang, Jeff Weinberg, Mark Gilbert, Raymond Sawaya, Kenneth Aldape
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in ∼50% to 60% of glioblastoma multiforme tumors, and the most common EGFR mutant, EGFRvIII, is expressed in 24% to 67% of cases. We sought to determine whether glioblastoma multiforme expression of either overexpressed wild-type EGFR or the mutant EGFRvIII is an independent predictor of overall patient survival. Experimental Design: Glioblastoma multiforme patients (n = 196) underwent a ≥95% volumetric tumor resection followed by conformal radiation. Their EGFR and EGFRvIII status was determined by immunohistochemistry and survival analyses were done. Results: In our study of glioblastoma multiforme patients, 46% (n = 91) failed to express EGFR, 54% (n = 105) had overexpression of the wild-type EGFR, and 31% (n = 61) also expressed the EGFRvIII. Patients within groups expressing the EGFR, EGFRvIII, or lacking EGFR expression did not differ in age, sex, Karnofsky performance scale score, extent of tumor resection, or radiation. The median overall survival times for patients with tumors having EGFR expression absent, overexpressed only, or mutant (EGFRvIII) were 0.96, 0.98, and 1.07 years, respectively. However, for patients surviving ≥1 year, these values were 2.03, 2.02, and 1.21 years (P &amp;lt; 0.0001; log-rank test comparing EGFRvIII with all others). This effect remained significant in the multivariate analysis after adjustment for all other cofactors including age and Karnofsky performance scale score (rate ratio 4.34; 95% confidence interval, 2.21-8.51). Conclusions: Neither the overexpressed wild-type EGFR nor EGFRvIII was an independent predictor of median overall survival in this selected cohort of patients who underwent extensive tumor resection. However, in patients surviving ≥1 year, the expression of EGFRvIII was an independent negative prognostic indicator.
Lean, but not obese, fat is enriched for a unique population of regulatory T cells that affect metabolic parameters
Authors: Markus Feuerer, Laura Herrero, Daniela Cipolletta, Afia Naaz, Jamie Wong, Ali Nayer, Jongsoon Lee, Allison B Goldfine, Christophe Benoist, Steven Shoelson, Diane Mathis
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Incubators in Hungarian hospital lobbies allow babies to be abandoned more safely
Authors: C. Kovac
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Hungarian hospitals have reported saving the lives of several babies whose mothers planned to abandon them, by installing an incubator in reception areas, where babies can be left anonymously.

“Nine babies—that's how many this has saved,” reported an orderly at the Schopf-Merei Agost Hospital in Budapest's district …
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) having evolved from essential thrombocythemia (ET): distinctive chromosome abnormalities in patients treated with pipobroman or hydroxyurea
Authors: P Bernasconi, M Boni, PM Cavigliano, S Calatroni, E Brusamolino, F Passamonti, G Volpe, A Pistorio, I Giardini, B Rocca, M Caresana, M Lazzarino, C Bernasconi
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
IMMUNOLOGIC RELATION OF STREPTOCOCCAL AND TISSUE ANTIGENS
Authors: Melvin H. Kaplan, Kathryn H. Svec
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Sera from patients with recent streptococcal infection or non-suppurative sequelae exhibit with variable frequency a precipitin reaction in agar gel with a partially purified streptococcal antigen which has been shown previously to be immunologically related to human heart tissue. This precipitin could be absorbed from sera with normal human heart tissue homogenates but not with homogenates of other organs. Demonstration of this cross-reaction by heart absorption was found dependent both upon the serologic properties of individual sera and the nature or state of purification of the streptococcal product employed as test antigen. Evidence was obtained of a close association of heart-related and non-heart-related antigenic determinants in partially purified preparations of the streptococcal antigen by both gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. On immunoelectrophoretic analysis, cross-reactive antigen exhibited a more rapid mobility toward the anode than M protein. It was destroyed by digestion with trypsin, pepsin, and chymotrypsin. Based on specific absorption tests with a Type 5 and Type 19 strain, the antigen was localized to cell walls and to a lesser extent to cell membranes of these strains. Precipitating activity related to cross-reactive antibody was localized to the immunoglobulin zone in immunoelectrophoresis. Reactive sera showed diminution or loss of serological activity following heat inactivation at 56°C or after prolonged storage at 4°C. Sera containing cross-reactive precipitating antibody exhibited an immunofluorescent reaction with sarcolemma of cardiac myofibers, which was inhibited by streptococcal cross-reactive antigen. By this inhibition test, the immunofluorescent reaction related to cross-reactive antibody could be distinguished from that due to other heart-reactive factors. Antibody to streptococcal cross-reactive antigen defined by precipitation-absorption tests was observed in 24 per cent of patients with recent history of uncomplicated streptococcal infection and in the majority of patients with acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, or acute glomerulonephritis. It was observed rarely in patients with non-streptococcal related disease. These data provide evidence that induction of cross-reactive autoantibody to heart in certain individuals is associated with streptococcal infection.
Colorectal Cancer Screening Comes of Age
Authors: Sidney J. Winawer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Remarkable progress has been made over the past 25 years in understanding the biologic aspects of colorectal cancer and developing methods to detect it early or even prevent it entirely1. Colorectal cancer arises from a precursor lesion, the adenomatous polyp, which forms in a fertile field of epithelial-cell hyperproliferation. This progression involves a multistep process, accompanied by alterations in several suppressor genes, that results in abnormalities of growth regulation and has a natural history of 10 to 15 years. Environmental factors and inherited susceptibility have major roles in this sequence of events1,2. The long natural history provides . . .
Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area by the Color Doppler Flow Convergence Method for Evaluating the Severity of Chronic Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Takahiro Shiota, Michael Jones, Izumi Yamada, Russell S. Heinrich, Masahiro Ishii, Brian Sinclair, Scott Holcomb, Ajit P. Yoganathan, David J. Sahn
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate dynamic changes in aortic regurgitant (AR) orifice area with the use of calibrated electromagnetic (EM) flowmeters and to validate a color Doppler flow convergence (FC) method for evaluating effective AR orifice area and regurgitant volume.In 6 sheep, 8 to 20 weeks after surgically induced AR, 22 hemodynamically different states were studied. Instantaneous regurgitant flow rates were obtained by aortic and pulmonary EM flowmeters balanced against each other. Instantaneous AR orifice areas were determined by dividing these actual AR flow rates by the corresponding continuous wave velocities (over 25 to 40 points during each diastole) matched for each steady state. Echo studies were performed to obtain maximal aliasing distances of the FC in a low range (0.20 to 0.32 m/s) and a high range (0.70 to 0.89 m/s) of aliasing velocities; the corresponding maximal AR flow rates were calculated using the hemispheric flow convergence assumption for the FC isovelocity surface. AR orifice areas were derived by dividing the maximal flow rates by the maximal continuous wave Doppler velocities. AR orifice sizes obtained with the use of EM flowmeters showed little change during diastole. Maximal and time-averaged AR orifice areas during diastole obtained by EM flowmeters ranged from 0.06 to 0.44 cm2 (mean, 0.24 +/- 0.11 cm2) and from 0.05 to 0.43 cm2 (mean, 0.21 +/- 0.06 cm2), respectively. Maximal AR orifice areas by FC using low aliasing velocities overestimated reference EM orifice areas; however, at high AV, FC predicted the reference areas more reliably (0.25 +/- 0.16 cm2, r = .82, difference = 0.04 +/- 0.07 cm2). The product of the maximal orifice area obtained by the FC method using high AV and the velocity time integral of the regurgitant orifice velocity showed good agreement with regurgitant volumes per beat (r = .81, difference = 0.9 +/- 7.9 mL/beat).This study, using strictly quantified AR volume, demonstrated little change in AR orifice size during diastole. When high aliasing velocities are chosen, the FC method can be useful for determining effective AR orifice size and regurgitant volume.
Combination of Anastrozole with Fulvestrant in the Intratumoral Aromatase Xenograft Model
Authors: Luciana F. Macedo, Gauri J. Sabnis, Olga G. Goloubeva, Angela Brodie
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Although the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole has been shown to be very effective in the treatment of hormone-dependent postmenopausal breast cancer, some patients with advanced disease will develop resistance to treatment. To investigate therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance to anastrozole treatment, we have used an intratumoral aromatase model that simulates postmenopausal breast cancer patients with estrogen-dependent tumors. Growth of the tumors in the mice was inhibited by both anastrozole and fulvestrant compared with the control tumors. Nevertheless, tumors had doubled in size at 5 weeks of treatment. We therefore investigated whether switching the original treatments to anastrozole or fulvestrant alone or the combination of anastrozole plus fulvestrant would reduce tumor growth. The results showed that the best strategy to reverse the insensitivity to anastrozole or fulvestrant is to combine the two agents. Additionally, the tumors treated with anastrozole plus fulvestrant from the beginning had only just doubled their size after 14 weeks of treatment, whereas the anastrozole and fulvestrant treatments alone resulted in 9- and 12-fold increases in tumor size, respectively, in the same time period. Anastrozole plus fulvestrant from the beginning or in sequence was associated with down-regulation of signaling proteins involved in the development of hormonal resistance such as insulin-like growth factor type I receptor β, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p-MAPK, AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, and estrogen receptor α compared with tumors treated with anastrozole or fulvestrant alone. These results suggest that blocking the estrogen receptor and aromatase may delay or reverse the development of resistance to aromatase inhibitors in advanced breast cancer patients. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3516–22]
Jennifer Mary Tisdall (nee Vann)
Authors: M W Tisdall
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Jennifer Mary Tisdall (nee Vann) did house officer posts at Tunbridge Wells and the Royal Berks, Reading, paediatric department, where she followed closely on the heels of her husband to be. From there she moved to do a year’s psychiatry at the Warneford Hospital, Oxford. She married Dr Michael Tisdall in 1959, and after a year in Cheltenham they moved to the outskirts of …
Abstract B21: Immune-based treatment of ovarian cancer in a mouse model with attenuated Toxoplasma gondii.
Authors: Steven Fiering, Jason R. Baird, Barbara Fox, Patrick Lizotte, Kiah Sanders, Jose Conjeo-Garcia, David Bzik
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is generally diagnosed at stage 3 or 4 metastatic disease. The disease course of ovarian cancer is characterized by a remission period following surgery and chemotherapy, but the remission generally only lasts 1-2 years and the relapse is very difficult to treat, so the disease has very poor 5 year survival rates. Effective stimulation of an antitumor immune response during the remission period could eliminate occult metastatic disease and therefore developing immunotherapy approaches for ovarian cancer that can be applied during the remission period is of considerable interest. We have utilized the ID8 based ovarian cancer model in the form of the highly aggressive ID8/Vegf/Defb29 subline to test the ability of an attenuated strain of T. gondii (cps) to stimulate an anti-tumor immune response. We show that following establishment of the tumor by IP injection of tumor cells, introduction of cps into the peritoneal cavity significantly slows the development of the disease. cps predominantly invades immunosuppressive phagocytes in the tumor microenvironment and modifies these and newly recruited phagocytes to be immunostimulatory. The phagocytes are now much more efficient antigen processers and presenters, the immune system is freed from immunosuppression, and the antitumor immune response is activated. The treatment efficacy is associated with a large increase of tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells and these T cells demonstrate antitumor activity in a transfer experiment and tumor challenge. cps is nontoxic, even in animals with no adaptive immune system, and is a fully attenuated but highly effective platform for developing cancer treatment vaccines. Further developed and applied, cps could be the basis for an autologous tumor vaccine approach that has the potential to improve ovarian cancer outcomes. Citation Format: Steven Fiering, Jason R. Baird, Barbara Fox, Patrick Lizotte, Kiah Sanders, Jose Conjeo-Garcia, David Bzik. Immune-based treatment of ovarian cancer in a mouse model with attenuated Toxoplasma gondii. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B21.
Heterogeneity of severe asthma in childhood: Confirmation by cluster analysis of children in the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Severe Asthma Research Program
Authors: Anne M. Fitzpatrick, W. Gerald Teague, Deborah A. Meyers, Stephen P. Peters, Xingnan Li, Huashi Li, Sally E. Wenzel, Shean Aujla, Mario Castro, Leonard B. Bacharier, Benjamin M. Gaston, Eugene R. Bleecker, Wendy C. Moore
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Doctors and Drug Companies — Scrutinizing Influential Relationships
Authors: Eric G. Campbell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

On September 6, Senators Charles Grassley and Herb Kohl introduced the Physician Payments Sunshine Act. Eric Campbell discusses the implications of the bill, which would require manufacturers of pharmaceuticals and medical devices with annual revenues of more than $100 million to disclose the amount of money they give to physicians.
False-Positive Monospot Test Result In Rubella
Authors: Gene M. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> False-positive Monospot test results and high heterophil antibody titers have been reported in several disorders, including hepatitis, cytomegalovirus and adenovirus infections, and leukemias.<sup>1</sup>A false-positive Monospot test result in rubella was observed. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> On Feb 4, 1972, a 19-year-old male college student was seen because of a "lump" in the posterior portion of the neck. He reported that 2 1/2 weeks previously, he had been exposed to a girl in the early stages of an illness subsequently diagnosed clinically, hematologically, and serologically, as infectious mononucleosis. He was concerned that he might be developing the same illness. Examination revealed a 7-mm right suboccipital lymph node. The skin, other lymph node chains, ears, nose, and throat were unremarkable. He was advised to return if more symptoms developed. On Feb 8, he returned because of a mild sore throat. His temperature was 36.7 C (98.2 F).
The “Medical Neighborhood”
Authors: Jeffrey O. Greenberg, Michael L. Barnett, Melissa A. Spinks, Jessica C. Dudley, Joseph P. Frolkis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

As health care organizations create larger networks, better coordination of primary and specialty care is paramount. Attention has focused on strengthening primary care by creating patient-centered medical homes. The "medical neighborhood" provides a framework for structured, reciprocal relationships that integrate specialty care and extend the principles of the medical home to all practicing physicians. The foundation of the medical neighborhood is the collaborative care agreement, which outlines mutual expectations for primary care physicians and specialists as they care for patients together. These expectations include a preconsultation exchange between the referring physician and the consultant, the consultation, and subsequent comanagement of patients over time. Although independent practices can create individualized collaborative care agreements with specific specialist colleagues, large health care provider networks and accountable care organizations should have 1 agreement for all affiliated physicians. Challenges to the medical neighborhood include fee-for-service reimbursement, existing referral relationships, and building a robust electronic platform, including a referral management module. Cooperation between physicians, regardless of their specialty, and innovation in payment models and electronic platforms will all be essential if medical neighborhoods are to succeed.
Post-concussional Sequelae
Authors: J. Schorstein
Journal: BMJ (1967)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Short tandem repeats (STRs) are enriched in eukaryotic <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements and their polymorphisms alter gene expression, yet how they regulate transcription remains unknown. We find that STRs can modulate transcription factor (TF)-DNA affinities and on rates by up to 70-fold by directly binding TF DNA-binding domains, with energetic impacts approaching or exceeding mutations to consensus sites. STRs maximize the number of weakly preferred microstates near target sites, thereby increasing TF density near motifs to speed target search. Confirming that STRs also impact TF binding in cells, neural networks trained only on <i>in vivo</i> occupancies predict identical effects to those observed <i>in vitro</i>. Approximately 90% of TFs preferentially bind STRs that need not resemble known motifs, providing a novel <i>cis</i>-regulatory mechanism to target TFs to cognate sites.
A European CSM?
Authors: J. P. Griffin
Journal: BMJ (1988)

physical and mental health of migrants.Clearly, further research is needed to determine the factors responsible for different ethnic groups developing atheroma.We must remember, however, that the presentation of coronary heart disease as myocardial infarction and sudden death depends on the behaviour of the atherosclerotic lesion, including factors like rupture of the plaque.These factors may well be different in different ethnic populations, but this question has never been addressed.
Attitudes toward Patients of Full-Time and Practicing Instructors as Revealed in Student Questionnaires
Authors: Harry F. Dowling, Nicholas J. Cotsonas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IN 1929 Russell L. Cecil1 said in an address before the American Medical Association, "The time may come, twenty or thirty years hence, when the entire training of undergraduate medical students will be taken over by full-time professors and instructors. At the present time, however, the practitioner still fills an indispensable place on the teaching staff of the medical school." Thirty-five years have passed, and, although the number of full-time teachers has increased tremendously, there is no indication that they will take over the entire training of the undergraduate student. Many reasons are given for the strong dependence of medical . . .
Will the “Real Boy” Please Behave: Dosing Dilemmas for Parents of Boys with ADHD
Authors: Ilina Singh
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

The use of Ritalin and other stimulant drug treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) raises distinctive moral dilemmas for parents; these moral dilemmas have not been adequately addressed in the bioethics literature. This paper draws upon data from a qualitative empirical study to investigate parents' use of the moral ideal of authenticity as part of their narrative justifications for dosing decisions and actions. I show that therapeutic decisions and actions are embedded in valued cultural ideals about masculinity, self-actualization and success, as well as in moral conceptions of authenticity and personal freedom. I argue that this investigation of parents' moral justifications and dosing dilemmas raises questions about the validity of authenticity as a transcendent moral principle. Moreover, this study demonstrates that in order to be relevant, bioethical analysis of neurocognitive enhancement must engage with ground-up studies of moral principles and decision-making in context.
MYOCARDIAL SCAR BURDEN DOES NOT PREDICT CLINICAL RESPONSE TO CD34+ STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Gregor Zemljič, Gregor Poglajen, Urša Mikuž, Matjaž Sever, Sabina Frljak, Polona Mali, Francois Haddad, Joseph C. Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Tc-99m Sestamibi Uptake and Retention in a Large Hepatoma
Authors: CHARLES W. SUTTER, DAVID K. SHELTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 72-year-old man with a biopsy proven moderate-to-poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma underwent a dipyridamole stress myocardial perfusion study for a preoperative cardiac evaluation. Tc-99m sestamibi was injected, followed 1 hour later by cardiac SPECT imaging. The planar image of the chest revealed an unexpected large abnormal focus of tracer accumulation in the abdomen and 2-hour delayed spot views were obtained. Radiotracer retention in the mass proved to be the large hepatoma in the left lobe of the liver. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of sestamibi uptake in a hepatoma.
THE IMMEDIATE DIAGNOSIS OF BLASTOMYCETIC DERMATITIS.
Authors: A. W. BRAYTON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

As regards location, Chicago has developed the greatest number of the cases of blastomycetic dermatitis so far reported. Dr. Hyde's list published in the Proceedings of the American Dermatological Association held in Washington, May, 1900, includes 17 cases, as follows: Gilchrist-Duhring, 1; Busse-Buschke, 2; Gilchrist-Stakes, 3; Wells-Senn, 4; Hessler, 5; Hyde-Hektoen, 7; Anthony-Herzog, 8; Coates, 9; Owens-Eisendrath-Reody, 10; Brayton, 11; Hyde-Ricketts, 12; Hyde-Ricketts, 13; Montgomery-Ricketts, 14; Montgomery-Ricketts, 15; Montgomery, 16; Dyer, 17. To these I now add a second case, under my observation from April 17 to May 31, at which time the patient was discharged cured. Other cases were no doubt reported at the May meeting of the American Dermatological Association, Chicago, May 31 and June 1, as the program states that Dr. F. H. Montgomery. Chicago, had two additional cases to report, and in company with Dr. J. W. Walker, a report of a previously recorded case with