tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Specificity of opsonic antibodies to enhance phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by human alveolar macrophages.
Authors: H Y Reynolds, J A Kazmierowski, H H Newball
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

These studies compared the ability of specific secretory IgA (sIgA) and IgG antibodies to promote phagocytosis of viable pseudomonas aeruginosa by human alveolar macrophages. Macrophages were obtained by lung lavage of normal adult smoker and nonsmoker volunteers and were maintained as in vitro cell monolayers. Both immune sIgA and IgG agglutinating antibodies were demonstrated to coat and opsonize viable bacteria, whereas similar nonimmune immunoglobulin preparations did not. When alveolar macrophages were challenged with viable opsonized 14C-labeled Pseudomonas IgG-reacted bacteria were ingested better and killed more readily than sIgA-opsonized organisms. Phagocytic responses were not significantly different between macrophages obtained from smokers and nonsmokers. Although sIgA and IgG antibodies can be found in respiratory secretions and both are undoubtedly important in pulmonary host defense, IgG opsonic antibody was superior in enhancing the uptake of Pseudomonas by in vitro-cultured alveolar macrophages. It may be the more important respiratory antibody for certain bacterial infections.
Fluoridation of drinking water. It's safe and it reduces dental decay.
Authors: K C Calman, B R Mouatt
Journal: BMJ (1993)

injected temazepam tablets.Since temazepam is such a popular drug of misuse, I fear that injection of tablets will become more commonplace as liquid and gel filled capsules become harder to obtain.Injecting tablets is likely to be much more dangerous than injecting the liquid from capsules; injecting gel filled capsules is known to be dangerous.2Probably the only way to prevent misuse of temazepam is not to prescribe it in any formulation.
Association of Blood Pressure and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels
Authors: Kathleen Kreiss
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The geometric mean serum level of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of 458 persons in a communitywide study was 17.2 μg/L, with 80% to 90% having levels within the range found in other community groups. As a dependent variable, PCB levels were found to be positively related to age, even when controlled for all other variables associated with PCB level: sex, local fish consumption, obesity, serum cholesterol level, and alcohol consumption. No major point source of PCB contamination was found, and fish taken in the drainage of a major population center had mean PCB levels below the current enforceable Food and Drug Administration tolerance of 5 mg/kg. As an independent variable, serum PCB levels were positively associated with γ-glutamyl transpeptidase level, serum cholesterol level, and measured blood pressure. The PCB-blood pressure association, which was independent of age, sex, body mass index, and social class, must be confirmed in other exposed populations. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:2505-2509)
303. Validating CD46 as a Possible Mechanism Contributing to MV-Edm Oncolytic Specificity
Authors: Hooi-Tin Ong, Stephen J. Russell, Kah-Whye Peng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Live attenuated Edmonston B strain of measles virus (MV-Edm) has potent and specific oncolytic activity against a variety of human tumors, but the mechanism underlying its tumor selectivity is unknown. The virus causes cytopathic effects (CPEs) of extensive syncytial formation in tumor cells but minimal cytopathic damage in nontransformed cells. CD46, also known as membrane cofactor protein, is the major cellular receptor of MV-Edm. In addition, CD46 is required to mediate intercellular fusion. Although CD46 has been reported as an important tumor cell marker overexpressed on many malignancies but there is a scarcity of data on quantitative expression levels and its biological relevance. This study focused on the in vitro infection of a panel of human normal and tumor cell lines with the MV-Edm expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (MV-eGFP). Number and density of CD46 receptors on these cell lines were quantitated by flow cytometry using QuantiBRITE PE beads. Single fluorescent eGFP-positive cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The extent of cell-to-cell fusion was studied using microscopy and by quantitating the number of cells recruited into each syncytia. We are currently in the progress of knocking down CD46 expression by siRNA to study the effect of CD46 expression level on MV-Edm entry and intercellular fusion, and to determine if a threshold CD46 expression level is required for extensive CPE to occur. Preliminary data showed that CD46 number and density on tumor cell lines ranged from 20,000|[ndash]|330,000 receptors/cell and 20|[ndash]|400 receptors/|[mu]|m2, respectively.
Acute Hepatitis A Infection in Hepatitis B Chimpanzee Carriers†
Authors: Kwesi N. Tsiquaye, Tim J. Harrison, Bernard Portmann, Shanlian Hu, Arie J. Zuckerman
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Two hepatitis B virus carrier chimpanzees which were superinfected with hepatitis A virus developed acute hepatitis followed by the production of antibodies to hepatitis A virus. The Southern blot technique employed to monitor liver hepatitis B virus DNA revealed that the amount of viral DNA in both animals was significantly reduced during the acute phase of hepatitis A infection. The levels of plasma hepatitis B DNA polymerase activity were also reduced in one chimpanzee. The high titers of HBsAg in the circulation remained unchanged throughout the study, and antibodies to the surface antigen and to e antigen were not detected. The morphological lesions in the liver were severe in one chimpanzee from whom one specimen showed both periportal focal necrosis and zonal parenchymal necrosis.
Copolymers of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate with ethoxytriethylene glycol methacrylate or N-vinyl-pyrrolidone as gene transfer agents
Authors: P. van de Wetering, N.M.E. Schuurmans-Nieuwenbroek, M.J. van Steenbergen, D.J.A. Crommelin, W.E. Hennink
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2000)
Current Status of Palliative Care--Clinical Implementation, Education, and Research
Authors: M. Grant, R. Elk, B. Ferrell, R. S. Morrison, C. F. von Gunten
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2009)

Palliative and end-of-life care is changing in the United States. This dynamic field is improving care for patients with serious and life-threatening cancer through creation of national guidelines for quality care, multidisciplinary educational offerings, research endeavors, and resources made available to clinicians. Barriers to implementing quality palliative care across cancer populations include a rapidly expanding population of older adults who will need cancer care and a decrease in the workforce available to give care. Methods of integrating current palliative care knowledge into care of patients include multidisciplinary national education and research endeavors, and clinician resources. Acceptance of palliative care as a recognized medical specialty provides a valuable resource for improvement of care. Although compilation of evidence for the importance of palliative care specialities is in its initial stages, national research grants have provided support to build the knowledge necessary for appropriate palliative care. Opportunities are available to clinicians for understanding and applying appropriate palliative and end-of-life care to patients with serious and life-threatening cancers.
Glomerular type IV collagen in patients with diabetic nephropathy with and without additional glomerular disease
Authors: Sharon G. Adler, Stella Feld, Liliane Striker, Gary Striker, Janine LaPage, Ciro Esposito, Jamil Aboulhosn, Lilly Barba, Dae Ryong Cha, Cynthia C. Nast
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Liver and Biliary Tract Disease in Children
Authors: Steven L. Werlin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This book, first published in French in 1978, has been translated into English to reach a wider audience. The authors summarize their vast experience at the Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud in pediatric hepatology. It is one of the first two English language textbooks devoted to this rapidly developing field. The book is handsomely prepared with numerous fine tables, diagrams, and photomicrographs. The initial chapter is a brief review of the examination of the child with known or suspected hepatic dysfunction. Although the available tests and procedures are well described, little help is given to the clinician in choosing between the increasingly vast array of tests of liver function that are now available. Chapters are devoted to both common and rare hepatic disorders of childhood, eg, neonatal cholestasis, acute liver failure, Reye's syndrome, viral hepatitis, toxic liver disease, inborn errors of metabolism, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and the liver in
196 Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are overexpressed in resistance mesenteric arteries of cirrhotic rats with ascites
Authors: J. Ros, M. Domenicali, P. Cejudo-Martin, G. Fernandez-Varo, A.M. Briones, E. Vila, M. Crespo, J.M. Campistol, V. Arroyo, W. Jimenez, J. Rodes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
TERMINAL QRS DISTORTION IN BOTH THE PREHOSPITAL PHASE AND AT ADMISSION PREDICTS MYOCARDIAL AREA AT RISK AND FINAL INFARCT SIZE IN PATIENTS WITH STEMI
Authors: Michael Ringborn, Yochai Birnbaum, Søren Steen Nielsen, Olle Pahlm, Galen S. Wagner, Pyotr G. Platonov, Christian Juhl Terkelsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Th22 cells represent a distinct human T cell subset involved in epidermal immunity and remodeling
Authors: Stefanie Eyerich, Kilian Eyerich, Davide Pennino, Teresa Carbone, Francesca Nasorri, Sabatino Pallotta, Francesca Cianfarani, Teresa Odorisio, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Heidrun Behrendt, Stephen R. Durham, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber, Andrea Cavani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Th subsets are defined according to their production of lineage-indicating cytokines and functions. In this study, we have identified a subset of human Th cells that infiltrates the epidermis in individuals with inflammatory skin disorders and is characterized by the secretion of IL-22 and TNF-alpha, but not IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-17. In analogy to the Th17 subset, cells with this cytokine profile have been named the Th22 subset. Th22 clones derived from patients with psoriasis were stable in culture and exhibited a transcriptome profile clearly separate from those of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells; it included genes encoding proteins involved in tissue remodeling, such as FGFs, and chemokines involved in angiogenesis and fibrosis. Primary human keratinocytes exposed to Th22 supernatants expressed a transcriptome response profile that included genes involved in innate immune pathways and the induction and modulation of adaptive immunity. These proinflammatory Th22 responses were synergistically dependent on IL-22 and TNF-alpha. Furthermore, Th22 supernatants enhanced wound healing in an in vitro injury model, which was exclusively dependent on IL-22. In conclusion, the human Th22 subset may represent a separate T cell subset with a distinct identity with respect to gene expression and function, present within the epidermal layer in inflammatory skin diseases. Future strategies directed against the Th22 subset may be of value in chronic inflammatory skin disorders.
Abstract 26: Gene expression profiling of oral cancer cells chronic exposed to areca nut extract
Authors: Yi-Chen Li, Ann-Joy Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Oral cancer is the 6th most frequent cancer in Taiwan. The habit of areca nut chewing is the main etiological factor of oral cancer. To shed light on molecular basis of areca nut associated oral carcinogenesis, we established two oral cell sublines chronically treated with areca nut extract (ANE) at IC70 dose for 2 months. Affymatrix microarray was used in transcriptome profiling between parental and ANE sublines of oral cancer cells. Algorithmic analysis was applied to analyze the network regulatory pathways. RT-PCR was used to validate the genes altered expressions in ANE-sublines. Total of 35 genes was differentially expressed in both sublines. Several functional pathways were apparently altered, with lipid metabolism (P=1.95×10−10), oxidative phosphorylation (P=1.02×10−6), and cell adhesion (P=9.66×10−6) most significant. Seven genes were confirmed over 2-fold of changes, including HMGCS1, KRT-17 up-regulation and SMC4, CENPF, ID-1, IL1-alpha and Ches1 down-regulation. Further study revealed Ches1 was down regulation upon arecoline treatment. Consistently, this gene was reduced expression in 52% of oral cancer tissues, which was significantly correlated with areca nut chewing habit of patients (p = 0.04). Thus, these results provide information regarding the molecular mechanisms of areca nut-induced oral carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 26. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-26
Human Isolated Bronchial Smooth Muscle Contains Functional Ryanodine/Caffeine–sensitive Ca-Release Channels
Authors: JEAN-MARC HYVELIN, CÉCILE MARTIN, ETIENNE ROUX, ROGER MARTHAN, JEAN-PIERRE SAVINEAU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Human bronchial smooth muscle (HBSM) contraction is implicated in a variety of respiratory diseases, including asthma. Yet, the presence of an operative calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) mechanism, identified in various smooth muscles, has not been established in HBSM. We therefore studied Ca-releasing mechanisms in HBSM obtained at thoracotomy with special attention to ryanodine-sensitive receptor channels (RyRs). In freshly isolated bronchial myocytes, ryanodine (0.5 to 50 μ M) and caffeine (1 to 25 mM) induced transient increases in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2 +]i). Higher ryanodine concentrations ( > 100 μ M) inhibited the caffeine-induced [Ca2 +]i response, which was also blocked in the presence of tetracaine (300 μ M) or ruthenium red (200 μ M), two potent CICR inhibitors. In HBSM strips, caffeine induced a transient contraction which, likewise, was inhibited by ryanodine and tetracaine. However, ryanodine (200 μ M) modified neither the [Ca2 +]i response nor the contraction induced by K+-rich (110 mM) solution. Reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RNase protection assay performed in HBSM have revealed the existence of mRNAs encoding only the type 3 RyR. We also characterized acetylcholine-induced [Ca2 +]i and contractile responses. None of these responses was altered by ryanodine or by tetracaine. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of functional RyRs in HBSM cells which, owing to the type of isoform or the amount of protein expressed, are not involved, under physiologic conditions, in depolarization- or agonist-induced contraction.
DNA Methylation in Serum and Tumors of Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Andreas Widschwendter, Hannes M. Müller, Heidi Fiegl, Lennart Ivarsson, Annemarie Wiedemair, Elisabeth Müller-Holzner, Georg Goebel, Christian Marth, Martin Widschwendter
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Promoter hypermethylation has been recognized to play an important role in carcinogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated tumor-specific alterations, such as aberrant promoter hypermethylation, in DNA recovered from plasma or serum of patients with various malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation status of various genes in cervical cancer patients and their association with clinicopathological characteristics and outcome of the disease. Experimental Design: The methylation status of CALCA, hTERT, MYOD1, PGR (progesterone receptor), and TIMP3 was investigated in serum samples from 93 cervical cancer patients and 19 corresponding tissue samples using the MethyLight technique. Results: Aberrant promoter hypermethylation was detected in any of these genes in 87% (81 of 93) of the serum samples studied. Methylation of MYOD1 was detected more frequently in advanced stage. All of the genes found to be methylated in serum samples were also methylated in the corresponding tissue sample, except in one patient. Patients with unmethylated MYOD1 serum DNA had significantly better disease-free (P = 0.04) and overall survival (P = 0.02) in comparison with patients with methylated MYOD1. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is, thus far, the largest study investigating aberrant promoter hypermethylation in serum samples from cancer patients and the first study investigating methylation patterns in sera of cervical cancer patients. Our results suggest that serological detection of MYOD1 promoter hypermethylation may be of potential use as a prognostic marker for discriminating cervical cancer patients at high risk for lymph node metastasis or relapse. Additional studies, including a panel of additional genes, are necessary to elucidate the role of aberrant methylation in serum as a tool for surveillance of cervical cancer.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage: older patients have low cerebral blood flow.
Authors: C H Meyer, D Lowe, M Meyer, P L Richardson, G Neil-Dwyer
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Daily estimations of hemispheral cerebral blood flow using the xenon-133 inhalation technique was made in 116 patients during the first three weeks after subarachnoid haemorrhage. The patients' cerebral perfusion on average remained less than the normal perfusion expected for their age (based on a single estimation of cerebral blood flow in 67 volunteers). On each separate day after subarachnoid haemorrhage cerebral blood flow was inversely related to the patient's age. Older patients seem especially at risk of developing cerebral ischaemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage. The clinical outcome was more often unfavourable in older patients--that is, in those who tended to have the lowest cerebral blood flow. Present results support the view that episodes of low cerebral blood flow lead to a poor outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Because of the risk of inducing cerebral ischaemia great care should be exercised by physicians administering hypotensive drugs to older patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Application of Electronic Health Records to the Joint Commission's 2011 National Patient Safety Goals
Authors: Ryan P. Radecki, Dean F. Sittig
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
INCREMENTAL VALUE OF EARLY RESTING MYOCARDIAL CT PERFUSION ASSESSMENT TO CARDIAC CT ANGIOGRAPHY FOR PREDICTION OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Amit Pursnani, Ashley Lee, Thomas Mayrhofer, Waleed Ahmed, Shanmugam Uthamalingam, Maros Ferencik, Fabian Bamberg, Christopher Schlett, James Udelson, Udo Hoffmann, Brian Ghoshhajra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Experience accruing with computed tomography in neurosurgical suite
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) is setting up a free information service to assist physicians who have patients requiring bone marrow transplants.  Bone marrow transplantation centers seeking donors for specific patients are asked to provide data on a form that the AABB will provide. The association can be contacted at Suite 600, 1117 N 19th St, Arlington, VA 22209.  The information will be compiled  distributed to blood banks that have access to persons who have volunteered to be donors  who have undergone histocompatibility leukocyte antigen phenotyping. This information will be distributed monthly and more frequently later if warranted.  The association, which has a membership of some 2,300 community  hospital blood banks  transfusion services, as well as 7,000 persons associated with blood banking in this country  40 other nations, emphasizes that this service is designed to ensure individual rights to privacy. When there appears
Electronic patient records in primary care: Author's reply
Authors: J. Hippisley-Cox
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—In her first point Shaw misunderstands our methods. We looked at the entire medical record of the consultation whether all electronic, all manual or a combination.

The second point concerns the value of diagrams. We know of no evidence concerning this and can only observe that they are often used as expressive shortcuts, rather than as unique expressions that cannot be replicated in text. However, we would welcome evidence on this issue.

Lastly, Shaw draws attention to the finding that surprised us—namely, that so few general practitioners seemed to remember either the patient or the consultation, rather than just comment on the record entry. The assertion that this was due to an absence of visual cues should mean that the manual record group recalled patients and their consultations more than the electronic record group. However, this was not the case.
Pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia
Authors: M Thumshirn
Journal: Gut (2002)

Functional dyspepsia is a symptom complex characterised by postprandial upper abdominal discomfort or pain, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, bloating, and anorexia in the absence of organic disease. Gastrointestinal motor abnormalities, altered visceral sensation, and psychosocial factors have all been identified as major pathophysiological mechanisms. This perspective has now replaced the earlier view that the condition was the result of a sole motor or sensory disorder of the stomach. Future therapeutic strategies should be aimed at reducing nociception as well as enhancing the accommodation response.
Chylous Effusion in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: P C Bishop, P C Elwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Figure 1. A 54-year-old man who had had stage IVA follicular small-cleaved-cell lymphoma for 10 years was admitted with a 3-week history of progressive cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, and night sweats. When his disease was first discovered he had been treated with prednisone, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide, followed by cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine, and methotrexate with leucovorin rescue. He subsequently received intermittent courses of cyclophosphamide and prednisone. The chest film revealed a stable right pleural effusion and a new, ill-defined left suprahilar mass. A staging computed tomographic scan showed a pleural effusion with a fluid–fluid interface (arrowhead) that was associated . . .