tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diet-induced hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E3-Leiden transgenic mice.
Authors: B J van Vlijmen, A M van den Maagdenberg, M J Gijbels, H van der Boom, H HogenEsch, R R Frants, M H Hofker, L M Havekes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Apolipoprotein E3-Leiden (APOE*3-Leiden) transgenic mice have been used to study the effect of different cholesterol-containing diets on the remnant lipoprotein levels and composition and on the possible concurrent development of atherosclerotic plaques. On high fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet, the high expressing lines 2 and 181 developed severe hypercholesterolemia (up to 40 and 60 mmol/liter, respectively), whereas triglyceride levels remained almost normal when compared with regular mouse diet. The addition of cholate increased the hypercholesterolemic effect of this diet. In lines 2 and 181, serum levels of apo E3-Leiden also increased dramatically upon cholesterol feeding (up to 107 and 300 mg/dl, respectively). In these high expressing APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice, the increase in both serum cholesterol and apo E3-Leiden occurred mainly in the VLDL/LDL-sized fractions, whereas a considerable increase in large, apo E-rich HDL particles also occurred. In contrast to the high expressing lines, the low expressing line 195 reacted only mildly upon HFC diet. On HFC diets, the high expresser APOE*3-Leiden mice developed atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch, the descending aorta, and the carotid arteries, varying from fatty streaks containing foam cells to severe atherosclerotic plaques containing cholesterol crystals, fibrosis, and necrotic calcified tissue. Quantitative evaluation revealed that the atherogenesis is positively correlated with the serum level of cholesterol-rich VLDL/LDL particles. In conclusion, with APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice, factors can be studied that influence the metabolism of remnant VLDL and the development of atherosclerosis.
The Swiss heroin trials: testing alternative approaches
Authors: M. Farrell, W. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Over half a million heroin misusers receive oral methadone maintenance treatment world-wide1 but the maintenance prescription of injectable opioid drugs, like heroin, remains controversial. In 1992 Switzerland began a large scale evaluation of heroin and other injectable opiate prescribing that eventually involved 1035 misusers. 2 3 The results of the evaluation have recently been reported.4 These show that it was feasible to provide heroin by intravenous injection at a clinic, up to three times a day, for seven days a week. This was done while maintaining good drug control, good order, client safety, and staff morale. Patients were stabilised on 500 to 600 mg heroin daily without evidence of increasing tolerance. Retention in treatment was 89% at six months and …
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of E7070, a Novel Chloroindolyl Sulfonamide Cell-Cycle Inhibitor, Administered as a One-Hour Infusion Every Three Weeks in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: E. Raymond, W.W. ten Bokkel Huinink, J. Taïeb, J.H. Beijnen, S. Faivre, J. Wanders, M. Ravic, P. Fumoleau, J.P. Armand, J.H.M. Schellens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: The objectives were to determine the maximum-tolerated dose, the recommended dose, the dose-limiting toxicity, the pharmacokinetics, and the activity of E7070, a novel cell-cycle inhibitor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: E7070 was given as a 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks in two groups of patients with advanced solid tumors who met prespecified eligibility criteria (group A) or who met the same eligibility criteria but in addition were less heavily pretreated and had more favorable liver functions (group B). RESULTS: Forty patients (31 patients in group A and nine patients in group B) were entered. Dose escalation proceeded through eight levels (range, 50 to 1,000 mg/m 2 ). In group A, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were dose-limiting toxicities occurring during the first cycle in two of seven patients treated at the doses of 700 mg/m 2 and two of four patients treated at 800 mg/m 2 . Identical dose-limiting toxicities were observed in zero of six and two of three patients from group B at doses of 800 and 1,000 mg/m 2 , respectively. Other toxicities included acne-like skin eruption, mucositis, conjunctivitis, nausea, fatigue, and alopecia. At doses greater than 400 mg/m 2 , the area under the concentration-time curve increased disproportionately to the administered dose. Tumor stabilization lasting ≥ 6 months was observed in six assessable patients. CONCLUSION: The recommended doses of E7070 in this schedule were 700 mg/m 2 (group A) and 800 mg/m 2 in patients who were less heavily pretreated (group B) with a moderate tumor burden. Prolonged disease stabilization observed in this study might warrant further investigation of E7070 in selected tumor types.
Regional myocardial nitrogen-13 glutamate uptake in patients with coronary artery disease: Inverse post-stress relation to thallium-201 uptake in ischemia
Authors: Rainer Zimmermann, Harald Tillmanns, Wolfram H. Knapp, Frantisek Helus, Peter Georgl, Bernhard Rauch, Franz-Josef Neumann, Sven Girgensohn, Wolfgang Maier-Borst, Wolfgang Kübler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Points from Letters: Danger in the Cocktail Cabinet
Authors: S. Gnessen
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>Background</h3> Oesophageal cancer is one of the most deadly forms of cancer worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are often found to have important regulatory roles. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the lncRNA expression profile of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and identify prognosis-related lncRNAs. <h3>Method</h3> LncRNA expression profiles were studied by microarray in paired tumour and normal tissues from 119 patients with OSCC and validated by qRT-PCR. The 119 patients were divided randomly into training (n=60) and test (n=59) groups. A prognostic signature was developed from the training group using a random Forest supervised classification algorithm and a nearest shrunken centroid algorithm, then validated in a test group and further, in an independent cohort (n=60). The independence of the signature in survival prediction was evaluated by multivariable Cox regression analysis. <h3>Results</h3> LncRNAs showed significantly altered expression in OSCC tissues. From the training group, we identified a three-lncRNA signature (including the lncRNAs ENST00000435885.1, XLOC_013014 and ENST00000547963.1) which classified the patients into two groups with significantly different overall survival (median survival 19.2 months vs &gt;60 months, p&lt;0.0001). The signature was applied to the test group (median survival 21.5 months vs &gt;60 months, p=0.0030) and independent cohort (median survival 25.8 months vs &gt;48 months, p=0.0187) and showed similar prognostic values in both. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the signature was an independent prognostic factor for patients with OSCC. Stratified analysis suggested that the signature was prognostic within clinical stages. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results suggest that the three-lncRNA signature is a new biomarker for the prognosis of patients with OSCC, enabling more accurate prediction of survival.
Hydropneumothorax on FDG PET Imaging
Authors: Glenn P. Ollenberger, Aurora M. T. Poon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Positron emission tomography (PET) using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is frequently used to diagnosis, stage, and assess response to therapy in patients with lung carcinoma. A 66-year-old man with a history of a left pleural effusion was referred to our PET center for staging of lung carcinoma. The pneumothorax was unknown at the time of imaging. The FDG-PET transmission scans showed a large photon-deficient left hemithorax with an air/fluid level compatible with a hydropneumothorax. A chest radiograph was then acquired that demonstrated a large left pneumothorax and pleural effusion. This case emphasizes the use of combining emission and transmission images to interpret the PET study.
In silico toxicology: simulating interaction thresholds for human exposure to mixtures of trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
Authors: Ivan D Dobrev, Melvin E Andersen, Raymond S H Yang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In this study, we integrated our understanding of biochemistry, physiology, and metabolism of three commonly used organic solvents with computer simulation to present a new approach that we call "in silico" toxicology. Thus, we developed an interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the individual kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE), perchloroethylene (PERC), and methylchloroform (MC) in humans exposed to differently constituted chemical mixtures of the three solvents. Model structure and parameterization originate from the literature. We calibrated the single-compound PBPK models using published data and described metabolic interactions within the chemical mixture using kinetic constants estimated in rats. The mixture model was used to explore the general pharmacokinetic profile of two common biomarkers of exposure, peak TCE blood levels and total amount of TCE metabolites generated, in rats and humans. Assuming that a 10% change in the biomarkers corresponds to a significant health effect, we calculated interaction thresholds for binary and ternary mixtures of TCE, PERC, and MC. Increases in the TCE blood levels led to higher availability of the parent compound for glutathione conjugation, a metabolic pathway associated with kidney toxicity/carcinogenicity. The simulated change in production rates of toxic conjugative metabolites exceeded 17% for a corresponding 10% increase in TCE blood concentration, indicating a nonlinear risk increase due to combined exposures to TCE. Evaluation of metabolic interactions and their thresholds illustrates a unique application of PBPK modeling in risk assessment of occupational exposures to chemical mixtures.
The Effect of Prolonged Corticotropin Therapy For Rheumatic Fever on the Exchangeable Sodium Content and Body Weight
Authors: JERRY K. AIKAWA, MARIE B. RHYNE, AARON J. BLUMBERG
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Serial measurements of the body weight and the exchangeable sodium content were made in young patients with acute rheumatic fever who were being treated with large doses of corticotropin. All but one subject developed the clinical signs of hyperadrenalism. Eight of the 11 subjects showed at least a 20 per cent increase in body weight which could not be explained on the basis of the changes in exchangeable sodium content. This change in body composition is thought to be due primarily to an increase in total body fat.
Coarctation of the Aorta Associated with Adams–Stokes Syndrome, Complete Heart Block and Bicuspid Calcareous Aortic Valve
Authors: Richard J. Clark, Harlan I. Firminger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

TO OUR knowledge coarctation of the aorta in association with complete heart block and Adams–Stokes syndrome has not previously been reported. The patient in the case reported below was first observed while having attacks of Adams–Stokes syndrome. Examination revealed signs characteristic of coarctation of the aorta. Varying degrees of heart block were manifest and subsequently became complete. Post-mortem examination showed, in addition to coarctation, a calcified bicuspid aortic valve. The cause of the heart block prompted considerable debate prior to death.Review of the LiteratureCoarctation of the aorta has been very thoroughly discussed in its clinical and pathological aspects. . . .
The DNA Mystique: The Gene as a Cultural Icon
Authors: Kenneth J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The authors' premise seems to be that concepts, metaphors, and images about the gene are used extensively in popular modes of communication, such as advertising, comic books, television soap operas, and the popular press, and have thus become part of our folklore. They pose the question of whether these notions about the gene are taken seriously by the public, and if so, how they influence the public's reaction to the institutional and political uses that can be made of genetic information. For the authors' purposes, scientific knowledge about the gene is no more or less important than science fiction or, in general, how the culture uses genetic information and misinformation in such issues as adoption policies, crime, and learning in the schools. To quote the authors, "The history of science is the story of the<i>selective</i>analysis of reality" (italics added for emphasis). They write, "As recent social and historical
Multiple Sclerosis and Alcohol Misuse
Authors: Claudio Voci
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Role of CXCR3 carboxyl terminus and third intracellular loop in receptor-mediated migration, adhesion and internalization in response to CXCL11
Authors: Michal Dagan-Berger, Rotem Feniger-Barish, Shani Avniel, Hanna Wald, Eithan Galun, Valentin Grabovsky, Ronen Alon, Arnon Nagler, Adit Ben-Baruch, Amnon Peled
Journal: Blood (2005)
BACILLARY DYSENTERY (SHIGA).
Authors: F. HOUSTON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

depend more or less directly on the length of time dur- ing which the intestine has been obstructed, regardless of whether the intestine be strangulated or plugged with its own contents.But mere plugging will not often produce the classical condition of ileus.The bowel may be completely plugged for weeks, and the patient make a good recovery.If, however, the intestinal wall be strangulated, its circulation blocked, the symptoms im-
Louise Brueton (Cox)
Authors: P. Cox
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Louise Brueton was born in Harborne, Birmingham; her parents’ late surprise package. Having two much older brothers instilled in her a sense of adventure and a feeling that she could do whatever they could, so she never saw being a girl as a limitation.

She won a free place at a convent school, where she was one of a smallish group of girls who favoured sciences over humanities. She was also a good gymnast and played hockey and tennis for the school. Thanks to her biology teacher, Louise applied to medical school and gained a place at the Royal Free in London in 1979.

Louise excelled at medical school, winning a host of prizes and awards, including the Richardson-Kuhlman medal for …
CASE OF EXTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY
Authors: P. H. Chavasse
Journal: BMJ (1855)

the uter did not contract well, s considerable hemor- rhape occurred immediately after.The puls, while the patient remained unconscious after the convulsions, VW slow and just perceptible, gradually regaining volume and strength in about twenty or twenty-five minutes after; but, probably owing to the hmorrhage, remained weak.Consciousness appeared to be returning, when a secend attack of convulsions, of the same kind as the last, but longer in passing off, occurred, followed by the same coma- tose state as before.This time consciousness never returned
Life After Medical School: Thirty-two Doctors Describe How Their Medical Careers Evolved and Were Shaped
Authors: Neil S. Cherniack
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Dr Leonard Laster's book is a very good idea. Medical students must send out applications for residencies an amazingly short time after they enter medical school, even though they have had minimal experience in clinical settings.<i>Life After Medical</i>School is designed to help the student make better-informed decisions by providing contributions from 32 physicians who describe how they made their choices, how their careers have evolved, and the factors that shaped them. In organizing his book, Dr Laster has made the assumption that there are five basic medical careers: medicine and pediatrics; surgery and obstetrics; psychiatry and mental health; activities that do not require much sustained patient contact (eg, pathology, anesthesiology, and radiology); and a group of miscellaneous activities only weakly linked to medical care, such as politics or managing a corporation. The idea is that each area differs in the duration and quality of the doctor-patient relationship. Hence
A FURTHER STUDY OF BLOOD REACTION AND BLOOD GASES IN PNEUMONIA
Authors: Carl A. L. Binger, A. Baird Hastings, Julius Sendroy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Estimation of the blood reaction and of blood gases in a series of nineteen individuals suffering from pneumonia failed to reveal a condition of acidosis occurring at any time during the disease. The results of this study are corroborative of a previous one, to which reference has been made.
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-mediated detoxification and functionalization of poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement
Authors: Naoki Tsukimura, Masahiro Yamada, Hideki Aita, Norio Hori, Fumihiko Yoshino, Masaichi Chang-Il Lee, Katsuhiko Kimoto, Anahid Jewett, Takahiro Ogawa
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Editorial Policies for Clinical Trials and the Continued Changes in Medical Journalism
Authors: Howard Bauchner
Journal: JAMA (2013)

The importance of randomized clinical trials is acknowledged by most physicians, professional organizations, and federal agencies. Clinical trials influence practice and are at the pinnacle of the evidence pyramid, either alone or as part of meta-analyses. However, many threats to the validity and scientific integrity of clinical trials can occur in their design, implementation, analysis, and reporting. Examples include modifications in primary and secondary outcomes or analytic approaches after the trial begins or after initial examination of data; manipulation and falsification of data; incomplete reporting of all available trial outcomes and selective reporting of important serious adverse events; and failure to report the results of trials with negative or unfavorable results.
ON THE ABSORPTION OF SALICYLIC ACID BY THE HUMAN SKIN
Authors: H. LESLIE-ROBERTS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1928)

Journal Article ON THE ABSORPTION OF SALICYLIC ACID BY THE HUMAN SKIN Get access H. LESLIE‐ROBERTS, M.D. H. LESLIE‐ROBERTS, M.D. Lately Lecturer in Diseases of the Skin in the University of Liverpool; Consulting Dermatologist to the Liverpool Royal Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 40, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1928, Pages 325–344, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1928.tb09271.x Published: 01 August 1928
Who Will Die in the ICU? APACHE II, ROC Curve Analysis, and, of Course, Cleone-Reply
Authors: James A. Kruse
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  We agree with Dr Redelmeier that it is the extreme estimates of mortality risk that may have the greatest impact on the clinical management of individual patients. This was one of the reasons for presenting our sensitivity and specificity findings using a 90% decision criterion. However, there are other potential uses for predictive models in which evaluating intermediate mortality risk is very important, for example, incorporating severity scores or mortality risk estimates into prospective payment programs, stratifying patients in clinical trials, or comparing patient outcomes following a given surgical procedure. ROC curve analysis allows an overall assessment and comparison of predictive accuracy, which was the purpose of our study. Nevertheless, using a 90% decision threshold, we demonstrated that the specificity for predicting death approached 100% for physicians, nurses, and the APACHE II model. Clinical predictions over 90% and below 10% comprised approximately 35% of the total predictions.  Predictive
New BMA president compares a third of NHS care to care in the developing world
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The president of the BMA has described a third of health care delivered by the NHS as similar to medicine in the third world.

Giving his inaugural address to the BMA's annual meeting last week, Sir Anthony Grabham emphasised that he was giving his personal view. With 50 years' experience of the NHS, 30 years as a consultant surgeon in Kettering, Sir Anthony said that a third of NHS medicine was of the highest quality and a third was …
Does Digoxin Provide Additional Hemodynamic and Autonomic Benefit at Higher Doses in Patients With Mild to Moderate Heart Failure and Normal Sinus Rhythm?
Authors: Monte L Slatton, Waleed N Irani, Shelley A Hall, Lucille G Marcoux, Richard L Page, Paul A Grayburn, Eric J Eichhorn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Which Colonic Adenomas Became Malignant?
Authors: Ronald L. Koretz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 August 1993Which Colonic Adenomas Became Malignant?Ronald L. Koretz, MDRonald L. Koretz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-3-199308010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The concept that a benign adenoma can become malignant is widely believed, as the letters attest.Dr. Neugut and Ms. Jacobson's observations that the prevalence of adenomas correlates with cancer incidence, that patients who underwent polypectomy have a higher cumulative risk for developing colon cancer, that adenomas and cancer are associated with similar risk factors, and that 5% of patients with untreated polyps developed cancer at another site are all manifestations of an epidemiologic association between adenomas and cancer. However, association does not prove causation. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that affected patients have some underlying ...REFERENCE1. Koretz RL. Universal colonic polypectomy: a rocky cost for smoothing bumps in the road (Abstract). Gastroenterology. 1993; 104:A15. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 3Page: 250-252KeywordsAdenomasCancer epidemiologyCancer risk factorsColorectal cancerLesionsMedical risk factorsMorbidityMortalityMucous membranesPolypectomies ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...