tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Differences in Human Leukocyte Antigen Markers of Susceptibility to IDDM
Authors: Karen J Cruickshanks, Luiz F Jobim, Janet Lawler-Heavner, Terri G Neville, Elizabeth C Gay, H Peter Chase, Georgeanna Klingensmith, John A Todd, Richard F Hamman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

To determine whether genetic differences explain the lower risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) for Hispanic versus non-Hispanic white children in Colorado.Hispanic (n = 62) and non-Hispanic white (n = 82) subjects with IDDM identified from the Colorado IDDM Registry and healthy, nondiabetic control subjects were recruited. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) serologic typing and sequence-specific oligonucleotide typing of DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were performed.HLA and allele associations with IDDM were similar in both ethnic groups. HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 were more common in IDDM subjects in both ethnic groups. Subjects with DQBl alleles encoding aspartic acid (Asp) in position 57 were less likely to have IDDM, irrespective of ethnic background. HLA-DR3 was less common among Hispanic subjects than non-Hispanic white control subjects (4.4 vs. 17.5%, Hispanics vs. non-Hispanic whites, P = 0.04).These data suggest that the lower prevalence of HLA-DR3 in the Hispanic population, a pattern consistent with the presence of Amerindian admixture, may explain the lower rate of IDDM in the Hispanic population.
Green Plasma in Blood Donors
Authors: Paul Wolf, Derek Enlander, Joanne Dalziel, Janelle Swanson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

RECENTLY we have noticed that many plasmas in female blood donors have been extremely green. A green plasma in a unit of blood usually suggests the presence of a gram-negative cryophilic organism such as pseudomonas producing a green pigment that could cause shock if the unit were used, and these units should therefore be destroyed. The other cause for a green plasma is an elevation in ceruloplasmin, which is copper bound to alpha2 globulin and has a blue-green color. Elevated ceruloplasmin levels are found in pregnancy, after estrogen administration, and rheumatoid arthritis.1 , 2 Since the possibility existed that the green . . .
Effect of vagotomy on intraluminal digestion of fat in man
Authors: M. Fields, H. L. Duthie
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The diminished amounts of bile acids and lipase found in the intestinal lumen after vagotomy may lead to a reduced absorption of fat by altering the formation of the micellar phase of fat digestion and absorption.Vagotomy combined with either pyloroplasty or gastrojejunostomy is now widely used in the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer.It has been claimed that these operations avoid some of the undesirable nutritional after-effects of partial gastrectomy which was formerly the operation of choice.However, vagotomy plus a drainage procedure has been followed by some looseness of the bowels and spells of diarrhoea which may be incapacitating.Opinions are widely divided on the incidence and severity of this complaint.Another disorder which sometimes follows vagotomy is a small rise in faecal fat excretion.The effect of vagal denervation on various aspects of human alimentary function, especially lipid digestion, is not clearly defined.This paper reports an investigation of the effects of vagotomy on the digestion and absorption of lipids in man.The changes shown following total abdominal vagotomy are less frequent with pyloroplasty than when gastrojejunostomy is the drainage procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODSThirty-two patients with chronic duodenal ulceration were tested after vagotomy, 12 after vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy and 20 after vagotomy and pyloroplasty.Total abdominal vagotomy had been performed.An insulin test was carried out to prove the completeness of the vagal dissection in 20 patients.The 20 normal subjects tested were hospital patients who had no gastrointestinal disorder.The patients and the normal subjects were all aged between 30 and 60 years, except for two normal subjects aged 19 and 71. INTESTINAL INTUBATION AND SAMPLING OF INTESTINALCONTENTS The method of intestinal intubation intro- duced by Blankenhorn, Hirsch, and Ahrens (1955) was used.A long narrow polythene tube, 2 mm. in external diameter with a small bag containing 2 to 3 ml.mercury 'Present address: University Department of Surgery, Sheffield.corn oil 17 mg.per ml.About 90% of the corn oil was in the form of glycerides.
Androgen Metabolism in Patients with Hypercholesteremia and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Joseph F. Dingman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Individual urinary 11-desoxy-17-ketosteroids were quantitated in normal and hypercholesteremic subjects using a new glass paper chromatographic method. Hypercholesteremic subjects showed a statistically significant increase in epiandrosterone excretion but other fractions fell within normal ranges. Estrogen therapy of hypercholesteremic postmenopausal females decreased epiandrosterone excretion and lowered serum cholesterol to normal. These findings suggest a derangement in steroid hydroxylating enzymes (acting at the 3α or 3β position) responsible for the hepatic degradation of androgenic hormones which may also regulate the synthesis or degradation of cholesterol. Estrogens may affect the relative activity of these enzymes in both sexes. The possibility of abnormal adrenal androgen secretion in hypercholesteremic patients is also entertained.
Septic Pulmonary Embolism in a Patient with Defibrillator Lead Endocarditis
Authors: Asghar Ali, Syed Raza, Rehan Khan, Daniel Bechard, Karoly Kaszala, Ion S. Jovin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

and a boil on his jaw. Computerized tomography (CT) scan of chest showed inflammatory changes along the pacemaker leads and thrombus in the left innominate and jugular veins (Figure 1a). Ultrasound of the left arm and neck veins showed venous thrombosis (Figure 1b). Transesophageal echocardiography showed a vegetation attached to the right atrial lead (Figure 1c). The ICD was explanted percutaneously. Four days later the patient developed fever with pleuritic chest pain. Follow-up CT angiography showed interval development of multiple pulmonary emboli (Figure 1d). The patient was treated with nafcillin, coumadin, and a life vest defibrillator until ICD re-implantation. The incidence of cardiac device endocarditis is 1–7% of those who receive a cardiac device, and 27% of cardiac device endocarditis is associated with septic pulmonary embolism. Both cardiac device endocarditis and septic pulmonary embolism have high morbidity and mortality (1). The risk factors for cardiac device endocarditis are recent device manipulation, diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid medication, anticoagulation, cancers, chronic renal failure, and bacteremia (2). Septic pulmonary embolism is a rare disorder associated with cardiac device implants, intravascular catheters, intravenous drug use, suppurative process in head and neck, thrombophlebitis, and immunocompromised state (3).
Brief Episodes of Silent Atrial Fibrillation Predict Clinical Vascular Brain Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Raffaele Marfella, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso, Mario Siniscalchi, Mario Cirillo, Pasquale Paolisso, Celestino Sardu, Michelangela Barbieri, Maria Rosaria Rizzo, Ciro Mauro, Giuseppe Paolisso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Should Electrocardiography Be Used in Cardiovascular Screening of High School Athletes?
Authors: Aaron L. Baggish
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters6 July 2010Should Electrocardiography Be Used in Cardiovascular Screening of High School Athletes?Aaron L. Baggish, MDAaron L. Baggish, MDFrom Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-1-201007060-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The description by Drs. Yarows and Smith of an ambitious community-based athlete preparticipation screening service is welcome. Similar programs run by competent, dedicated, and well-intending clinicians exist in many regions of the United States. The sharing of outcomes data from such efforts, particularly those describing diagnostic yield, financial cost, and local incidence of sudden death, is also welcome and will continue to inform scientific opinion.Our study confirmed the hypothesis that inclusion of 12-lead ECG improves the sensitivity of screening for cardiovascular disease in athletes. However, it does so at a high cost that extends far beyond dollar ...Reference1. Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Heidbuchel H, Sharma S, Link M, Basso C, et al; Section of Sports Cardiology, European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Recommendations for interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram in the athlete. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:243-59. [PMID: 19933514] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Aaron L. Baggish, MDAffiliations: From Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCardiovascular Screening in College Athletes With and Without Electrocardiography Aaron L. Baggish , Adolph M. Hutter Jr. , Francis Wang , Kibar Yared , Rory B. Weiner , Eli Kupperman , Michael H. Picard , and Malissa J. Wood Should Electrocardiography Be Used in Cardiovascular Screening of High School Athletes? Steven A. Yarows and Frank A. Smith Metrics 6 July 2010Volume 153, Issue 1Page: 64-65KeywordsAttentionCardiovascular diseasesConflicts of interestEchocardiographyElectrocardiographyHeartHeart diseasesPrevention, policy, and public healthSports ePublished: 6 July 2010 Issue Published: 6 July 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Distinct Evolutionary Patterns between Chemoreceptors of 2 Vertebrate Olfactory Systems and the Differential Tuning Hypothesis
Authors: Wendy E. Grus, Jianzhi Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Most tetrapod vertebrates have 2 olfactory systems, the main olfactory system (MOS) and the vomeronasal system (VNS). According to the dual olfactory hypothesis, the MOS detects environmental odorants, whereas the VNS recognizes intraspecific pheromonal cues. However, this strict functional distinction has been blurred by recent reports that both systems can perceive both types of signals. Studies of a limited number of receptors suggest that MOS receptors are broadly tuned generalists, whereas VNS receptors are narrowly tuned specialists. However, whether this distinction applies to all MOS and VNS receptors remains unknown. The differential tuning hypothesis predicts that generalist MOS receptors detect an overlapping set of ligands and thus are more likely to be conserved over evolutionary time than specialist VNS receptors, which would evolve in a more lineage-specific manner. Here we test this prediction for all olfactory chemoreceptors by examining the evolutionary patterns of MOS-expressed odorant receptors (ORs) and trace amine–associated receptors (TAARs) and VNS-expressed vomeronasal type 1 receptors (V1Rs) and vomeronasal type 2 receptors (V2Rs) in 7 tetrapods (mouse, rat, dog, opossum, platypus, chicken, and frog). The phylogenies of V1Rs and V2Rs show abundant lineage-specific gene gains/losses and virtually no one-to-one orthologs between species. Opposite patterns are found for ORs and TAARs. Analysis of functional data and ligand-binding sites of ORs confirms that paralogous chemoreceptors are more likely than orthologs to have different ligands and that functional divergence between paralogous chemoreceptors is established relatively quickly following gene duplication. Together, these results strongly suggest that the functional profile of the VNS chemoreceptor repertoire evolves much faster than that of the MOS chemoreceptor repertoire and that the differential tuning hypothesis applies to the majority, if not all, of MOS and VNS receptors.
Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by cyclopentenone prostaglandins in acutely infected human cells. Evidence for a transcriptional block.
Authors: C Rozera, A Carattoli, A De Marco, C Amici, C Giorgi, M G Santoro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Cyclopentenone prostaglandins (PGs) inhibit virus replication in several DNA and RNA virus models, in vitro and in vivo. In the present report we demonstrate that the cyclopentenone prostaglandins PGA(1) and PGJ(2) at nontoxic concentrations can dramatically suppress HIV-1 replication during acute infection in CEM-SS cells. PGs did not affect HIV-1 adsorption, penetration, reverse transcriptase activity nor viral DNA accumulation in HIV-1 infected cells. A dramatic reduction in HIV-1 mRNA levels was detected up to 48-72 h after infection (p.i.) in PG-treated cells, and HIV-1 protein synthesis was greatly reduced by a single PG-treatment up to 96 h p.i. Repeated PGA(1)-treatments were effective in protecting CEM-SS cells by the cytopathic effect of the virus, and in dramatically reducing HIV-1 RNA levels up to 7 d after infection. The antiviral effect was not mediated by alterations in the expression of alpha-, beta-, or gamma-interferon,TNFalpha, TNFbeta, IL6, and IL10 in HIV-infected CEM-SS cells. The fact that prostaglandins are used clinically in the treatment of several diseases, suggests a potential use of cyclopentenone PGs in the treatment of HIV-infection.
Abstract 1698: Evaluation of pesticide involvement in breast cancer.
Authors: Kathryn Patterson, Julie Hale, Jason Bush
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract There is considerable evidence linking cumulative and sustained exposure to estrogens as a key promoter of breast tumor proliferation. Chemicals with estrogenic activity can bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) to affect downstream signaling of estrogen-responsive genes. Organochlorines are a class of chemical pesticides that can act as xenoestrogens to disrupt normal endocrine function. Mitochondria play a significant role in maintenance of energy regulation and cellular detoxification and mitochondrial DNA is sensitive to levels of estrogen. Some members of the Estrogen Related Receptor (ERR) family are known to interact with hypoxia inducible factors to modulate mitochondrial response through the mTOR pathway which is pivotal to cell homeostasis and cellular detoxification. This study investigates the link between two organochlorine pesticides, Methoxychlor and Toxaphene, and the cellular effects by examining the hypothesis that exposure induces differential molecular pathways. Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-), and a normal breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A are used as a model to evaluate the response to Methoxychlor and Toxaphene treatment. Cytotoxicity studies established different sensitivities of the two breast cancer cell lines to pesticides. MCF-7 was more sensitive to both pesticides, which supports the premise that organochlorines may be acting as endocrine disruptors. Furthermore, pesticide-resistant clones of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were established and compared to their sensitive counterparts. RNA was collected from cells treated in a hypoxic environment, cells treated with a high dose pesticide, and cells that had a co-treatment of hypoxia and pesticide for evaluation of ERR, hypoxic factor expression, and markers of mTOR pathway. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR and immunoblotting demonstrated that treatment affected mitosis and mitochondrial function and we found that ERR and hypoxic factor expression changed in a similar manner suggesting a common mechanism by pesticide treatment or hypoxic conditions. These results provide a basis for understanding specific pesticide-induced molecular mechanisms and their possible relationship to ER+ and ER- mammary epithelial biology. Citation Format: Kathryn Patterson, Julie Hale, Jason Bush. Evaluation of pesticide involvement in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1698. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1698
Christopher Wren and the College of William and Mary
Authors: Amos R. Koontz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with great interest your editorial in the Nov 2, 1964, issue ofThe Journal(<b>190</b>:467) on Sir Christopher Wren, in which you mention that Sir Christopher designed "the first permanent building" at the College of William and Mary at Williamsburg, Va. Known as the Main Building, it has been burned out three times, but only the interior was destroyed. The sturdy brick walls have always stood, and are still there. The third burning was that by Federal Troops during the Civil War. Following this, an ordinary roof was put on instead of the original gabled roof with dormer windows. About 40 years ago, the roof was restored to its original form and the name of the building changed to the Sir Christopher Wren Building. The second building, as noted in your editorial on Robert Boyle in the June 16, 1962, issue (180:968), was built
This House believes doctors are neglecting their duty to lead health service change: Seconder
Authors: J. Mountford
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Healthcare used to be cheap and ineffective, now it is expensive and can be highly effective. As the potential to both spend and to heal grows, so does the imperative to spend wisely in order to heal most effectively.

Evidence is emerging that clinically led healthcare organisations provide better quality and efficiency.1. No surprise. Other industries, from energy to information technology to the military, have technical experts leading and managing because they are capable and credible: technical experts often have the best grasp of issues, and people often respond best to peers. The more complex the industry and the tighter its socialisation, the greater the importance of having experts on leadership teams.

Leadership involves deciding what to do on the basis of the best information available, but you must understand that information. Today, clinical IT systems highlight wide variations in quality—of both …
From the Office of the General Counsel. Advance medical directives
Authors: D. Orentlicher
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The American Medical Association's Board of Trustees recently issued a report on advance medical directives, Living Wills, Durable Powers of Attorney, and Durable Powers of Attorney for Health Care (AMA; 1989). Here Orentlicher, writing under the auspices of the AMA's Office of the General Counsel, offers an expanded version of that report. Orentlicher's article discusses the advantages and drawbacks of living wills, the appointment of a proxy decision maker through a living will, a durable power of attorney, or a durable power of attorney for health care, and the physician's role in implementing treatment preferences.
Reverse Discordant Tc-99m and I-131 Imaging in a Patient With a Toxic Thyroid Adenoma
Authors: GALINA NIKOLOV, MORDECHAI LORBERBOYM, GABRIELLA GVIRTZ, ILAN ZOMER, BOLESLAW KNOBEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 77-year-old woman was hospitalized with rapid atrial fibrillation and was found to be thyrotoxic. A Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan performed 20 minutes after injection showed only faint uptake confined to the left thyroid bed. The patient was not taking thyroid medications and had no recent radiographic or CT studies with contrast material. A 48-hour whole-body I-131 scan revealed no ectopic source of thyroid tissue, but it did show a large hot focus in the region of the left thyroid lobe, with no uptake in the rest of the gland. An ultrasound examination showed an intact thyroid gland with a large echogenic nodule in the left thyroid lobe. The patient was treated subsequently with radioactive iodine.
A primary immunodeficiency characterized by defective immunoglobulin class switch recombination and impaired DNA repair
Authors: Sophie Péron, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Kohsuke Imai, Likun Du, Nadine Taubenheim, Ozden Sanal, Laszlo Marodi, Anne Bergelin-Besançon, Malika Benkerrou, Jean-Pierre de Villartay, Alain Fischer, Patrick Revy, Anne Durandy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) deficiencies are rare primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by a lack of switched isotype (IgG, IgA, or IgE) production, variably associated with abnormal somatic hypermutation (SHM). Deficiencies in CD40 ligand, CD40, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, and uracil-N-glycosylase may account for this syndrome. We previously described another Ig CSR deficiency condition, characterized by a defect in CSR downstream of the generation of double-stranded DNA breaks in switch (S) μ regions. Further analysis performed with the cells of five affected patients showed that the Ig CSR deficiency was associated with an abnormal formation of the S junctions characterized by microhomology and with increased cell radiosensitivity. In addition, SHM was skewed toward transitions at G/C residues. Overall, these findings suggest that a unique Ig CSR deficiency phenotype could be related to an as-yet-uncharacterized defect in a DNA repair pathway involved in both CSR and SHM events.
Massive Aspirin Overdosage
Authors: W. Oakley, J. P. Donnell
Journal: BMJ (1942)

JOURNAL787 mere enlargement of the brim: (a) change in the alignment of the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum; (b) change in the angle made by the plane of the brim with the spine.In hollowing the back, as on tiptoe, the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum form a curve with the convexity directed forward, and their bodies are separated from each other in a fan-like ,J ~~~~ERC LATERvAL
Examining Committee Connecticut Medical Society.
Authors: Max Mailhouse
Journal: JAMA (1898)

New Haven, March 29, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of the 26th inst., you give a list of the States that require an examination before a State board before admission to practice, but failed to mention Connecticut. You will see by a perusal of the enclosed copy of our State law that an amendment, approved by the Governor on May 25, 1897, provides that no one can now begin to practice medicine in this State without passing an examination before one of the examining committee, diploma or no diploma. Very truly yours, Examining Committee of the Connecticut Medical Society.
Basic Defects in the Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Reed E. Pyeritz, Victor A. McKusick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The Marfan syndrome was the "founding member" of the heritable disorders of connective tissue.1 Although this nosologic category has expanded to subsume a rich diversity of diseases involving fibrous connective tissue and ground substance, the Marfan syndrome has continued to attract a disproportionate share of interest for several reasons: its relatively high prevalence; its protean manifestations, bringing patients within the purview of diverse medical specialists; its frequently catastrophic involvement of the aorta; its high association with premature mortality; its probable affliction of a venerated American president; and the occurrence of many of its somatic manifestations in other conditions and indeed . . .