tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Pleural Effusions
Authors: JOHN H.M. AUSTIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1983Postpartum Pleural EffusionsJOHN H.M. AUSTIN, M.D.JOHN H.M. AUSTIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-4-555 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Hughson and associates (1) state that postpartum pleural effusions are common, but that a search of the literature failed to yield any other data on their frequency. Such a study was done 30 years ago, when Hessén (2) at the University of Uppsala found that postpartum small pleural effusions were common.Methodologic differences, however, distinguish the two studies. The interval from delivery to exposure of the radiographs was not the same. The recent study was based on radiographs exposed within 24 hours of delivery (20 of 30 women showed pleural fluid). The earlier study was based on...References1. HUGHSON W, FRIEDMAN P, FEIGIN D, RESNIK R, and MOSER K. Postpartum pleural effusion; a common radiologic finding. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:856-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HESSÉN I. Roentgen examination of pleural fluid: a study of the localization of free effusions, the potentialities of diagnosing minimal quantities of fluid and its existence under physiological conditions. Acta Radiologica. 1951;86(suppl):1-80. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN H.M. AUSTIN, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCardiovascular Evaluation During PregnancyToxic Skin Reaction Restricted to Palms and Soles after High-Dose MethotrexateThe Evaluation of the Cardiac Patient During Pregnancy 1 April 1983Volume 98, Issue 4Page: 555-556KeywordsPleural effusion ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 1867: Gene expression profiles obtained from <i>ex vivo</i> human scalp hair to determine the effects of drug response following exposure to HDAC inhibitors.
Authors: Benjamin J. Reed, Ann Forslund, Tineke Casneuf, Gino Miele, Emma Grimes, Tim Mefo, Elliott Harrison, Lydia Meyer-Turkson, Ged Brady, Steve McClue, Hans Winkler
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Plucked human scalp hair represents an ideal surrogate tissue to enable non-invasive monitoring of drug response in clinical trials. Congruence of patterns of transcriptome activity within the bulb region of plucked scalp hair show high concordance and to that of primary target tumour tissues. The ex vivo plucked scalp hair culture technique involves exposing healthy normal volunteer hair to different concentrations of a number of HDAC inhibitors and ascertain the effects that they have on gene expression. This technique is an ideal approach to identifying desirable non-invasive transcriptional biomarkers to demonstrate target engagement and define a PK/PD relationship, as well as enabling the monitoring of a well tolerated dose schedule with maximal biological effect. Materials and Methods In this study, we deployed our proprietary ex vivo culture technique to ascertain the effects that three different HDAC inhibitors had on gene expression in plucked hair. Three different concentrations of each HDAC inhibitor were incubated in culture for a period of 18 hours. RNA was extracted from the hair bulb following the culture technique and gene expression was assessed following microarray analysis. Statistically significant biomarkers (p&amp;lt;0.05) were identified along with genes with a greater than 2 fold change from the vehicle group. Direct comparisons in the profiles obtained following exposure to the three different HDAC inhibitors were conducted to evaluate differences in the mechanism of action of each compound. Results We were able to demonstrate from the ex vivo plucked hair study, a panel of transcriptional markers that exhibited a similar response to drug treatment following exposure to the three different HDAC inhibitors. The differentially expressed genes identified were biologically relevant as they are consistent with pathways that are known to be associated with HDAC inhibition. The results also demonstrated the potency of each of the HDAC inhibitors and provided an insight into the different mechanisms of action of each compound. The differentially expressed biomarkers identified in this study may be used in clinical settings to monitor pharmacodynamic responses in plucked scalp hair obtained from patients. Conclusions We conclude that plucked human scalp hair represents an ideal minimally invasive surrogate tissue to monitor drug response in patients receiving treatment with HDAC inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1867. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1867
Medicine and Spirituality
Authors: David Gerard De Marco
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters5 December 2000Medicine and SpiritualityDavid Gerard De Marco, SJ, MDDavid Gerard De Marco, SJ, MDLoyola University; Chicago, IL 60626-5385 (De Marco)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-11-200012050-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their engaging essay (1), Post and colleagues have contributed thoughtfully to the discussion of medicine and spirituality. They rightly argue that the beneficent physician “must consider how to support patient spirituality,” concluding that beneficence “suggests the importance of attention to spirituality … thereby engaging the patient as a unique person with a spiritual dimension and enriching the physician–patient relationship” (1). This is an insightful position with important implications.With respect to the enrichment of the physician–patient relationship by attentiveness to patient spirituality, I contend that such attentiveness infuses the clinical encounter with substantive meaning for physician ...References1. Post SG, Puchalski CM, Larson DB. Physicians and patient spirituality: professional boundaries, competency, and ethics. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:578-83. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Aristotle . Nicomachean Ethics. Ostwald M, tr. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1962. Google Scholar3. Sulmasy DP. Is medicine a spiritual practice? Acad Med. 1999;74:1002-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Conn JW. Spirituality and Personal Maturity. Lanham, MD: Univ Pr of America; 1989. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Loyola University; Chicago, IL 60626-5385 (De Marco) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPhysicians and Patient Spirituality: Professional Boundaries, Competency, and Ethics Stephen G. Post , Christina M. Puchalski , and David B. Larson Metrics Cited ByLife-Sustaining Support: Ethical, Cultural, and Spiritual Conflicts Part I: Family Support— A Neonatal Case StudySpirituality and Medicine: A Proposal 5 December 2000Volume 133, Issue 11Page: 920-921KeywordsSports and exercise medicine ePublished: 5 December 2000 Issue Published: 5 December 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hypogonadism induced by luteinising hormone releasing hormone agonist analogues: effects on bone density in premenopausal women.
Authors: W H Matta, R W Shaw, R Hesp, D Katz
Journal: BMJ (1987)

bradykinin in guinea pigs,3" and inhaled kinins can provoke bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients.32The data presented in this paper do not support a relation with asthma, but the mechanism ofproduction ofcough may be similar and might be mediated by the local irritant effect of increased bradykinin as suggested by Stark.33Any postulated mechanism for the reaction would need to take into account the preponderance of women among the patients with cough.The similar age distribution of the men and women and the fact that most of the women were postmenopausal suggests that sex hormones do not have an influence.Captopril enhances the release of prostaglandin-like substance from guinea pig lungs3' and can increase production of prostaglandin E2 in patients with hypertension.34Prostaglandin E2 and others have an irritant effect on the respiratory tract, and so prostaglandins should be considered as possible mediators.35We thank the doctors who reported the adverse reactions and Mr George Spears for his help with the statistics.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Christian Herder, Astrid Zierer, Wolfgang Koenig, Michael Roden, Christa Meisinger, Barbara Thorand
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Subclinical inflammation leads to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. This study aimed to assess whether levels of circulating transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)—a central, mainly immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory cytokine—were associated with incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured serum levels of TGF-β1 from 460 individuals with and 1,474 individuals without incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective case-cohort study within the population-based MONICA (MONItoring of Trends and Determinants in CArdiovascular Disease)/KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) cohort. RESULTS Elevated TGF-β1 concentrations were associated with higher, not lower, risk for type 2 diabetes (age-, sex-, and survey-adjusted hazard ratios [95% CI] for increasing TGF-β1 tertiles: 1.0, 1.08 [0.83–1.42], and 1.41 [1.08–1.83]; Pfor trend = 0.012). Adjustment for BMI and metabolic and lifestyle factors had virtually no impact on the effect size. CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum concentrations of the cytokine TGF-β1 indicate an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. TGF-β1 may be upregulated to counterbalance metabolic and immunological disturbances preceding type 2 diabetes.
Collapsible washing lines: a strangulation hazard.
Authors: D Roberton, K Rookwood, N Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Collapsible washing lines: a strangulation hazard Collapsible rotary clothes lines may form a hazard to young children, as shown by the following case report. Case reportAn 18-month-old boy was admitted to hospital after being strangled accidentally in the dependent loops of a rotary washing line.The line had been left upright but its radial arms had been folded down.A few minutes
Clinical efficacy of antiretroviral combination therapy based on protease inhibitors or non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors: indirect comparison of controlled trials
Authors: Y. Yazdanpanah
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the clinical efficacy of triple antiretroviral regimens based on protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in adults positive for antibodies to HIV-1. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis using indirect comparisons of clinical trials comparing three drug regimens based on two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and either a protease inhibitor or an NNRTI with two drug regimens (two NRTIs). Participants had no previous exposure to protease inhibitors or NNRTIs. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, the Cochrane controlled trials register, Aidstrials, Aidsdrugs, conference proceedings, and trial registers. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Progression to AIDS or death. <b>Results</b> 14 trials, totalling 6785 patients, were identified. Most patients had been exposed to an NRTI and had advanced immunodeficiency at baseline; 1096 progressed to AIDS or died. Seven trials assessed protease inhibitors based triple regimens and seven assessed NNRTI based triple regimens (nevirapine or delavirdine). Triple therapy was more effective than dual therapy. The effect was pronounced for protease inhibitor based regimens (odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 0.58) but non-significant for NNRTI based regimens (0.90, 0.71 to 1.15). Indirect comparison of the two regimens gave an odds ratio of 0.54 (0.49 to 0.73) in favour of protease inhibitor based treatments. Increases in CD4 cell counts were smaller and suppression of viral replication less with NNRTI based regimens. <b>Conclusions</b> Indirect evidence shows that protease inhibitor based triple regimens are superior to regimens based on the NNRTIs nevirapine and delavirdine in patients with advanced immunodeficiency who have been exposed to NRTIs. Large trials with clinical end points are required.
Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence as Predictors of Early Adulthood Depressive Disorders and Maladjustment
Authors: Terhi Aalto-Setälä, Mauri Marttunen, Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson, Kari Poikolainen, Jouko Lönnqvist
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

The authors examined the association between self-reported depressive symptoms in adolescence and mental well-being in early adulthood.A questionnaire assessing psychosocial well-being was given to a group of subjects (N=651) in their last 3 years of high school (mean age=16.8 years) and again when these subjects reached early adulthood (mean age=21.8 years). Diagnostic interview data were obtained from a subgroup of the young adults (N=245). Adolescents' depressive symptoms were analyzed in relation to their early adulthood mental health outcome data.Depressive symptoms in adolescence predicted early adulthood depressive disorders (major depression and dysthymia), comorbidity, psychosocial impairment, and problem drinking.Depressive symptoms in adolescence deserve attention as a potential risk for early adulthood mental disorders.
OECD backs NHS reforms
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The NHS reforms in Britain are producing increasingly encouraging results, reports the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In its latest economic survey covering the United Kingdom the international organisation, which formulates and coordinates economic and social policies among industrialised countries, devotes a chapter to the reforms. It says that, although there has been little systematic research into the reforms' impact, the available information shows that the internal market was “a bold attempt to introduce elements of competition into the centrally-financed healthcare system.” To the criticism that general practitioner fundholding was producing a two tier service the OECD says that it has found no firm evidence of inequity. It points out “there has always been an element of inequity because the competence of GPs as …
Servocontrolled generator to measure respiratory impedance from 0.25 to 26 Hz in ventilated patients at different PEEP levels
Authors: R Farre, M Ferrer, M Rotger, D Navajas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Assessing respiratory impedance (Zrs) in ventilated patients over a wide frequency band, ranging from breathing rates to typical forced oscillation frequencies, during end-expiratory pauses at different positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP) is of potential interest to assess a patient's respiratory mechanics. Zrs measurements under these conditions are not possible with the present variants of the forced oscillation technique. The aim of this work was to design a forced oscillation generator operating from spontaneous breathing frequencies whilst withstanding PEEP. To this end, we constructed a generator based on a servocontrolled loudspeaker. This allowed the loudspeaker cone to remain at its resting position regardless of the external PEEP applied. The system was optimized by using a mechanical analogue. The clinical applicability of the servocontrolled generator was assessed by measuring Zrs in mechanically-ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients during end-expiratory pauses at different transrespiratory pressures. The forced oscillation generator designed may be easily applicable in practice since it is small and light. The system is able to withstand transrespiratory pressures of up to 17 hPa and allows the application of forced oscillation of sufficient amplitude ( &gt; 2 hPa peak-to-peak, 0.25-26 Hz) to obtain reliable respiratory resistance and reactance data. The servocontrolled generator permits the assessment of respiratory mechanics over a wide frequency band ranging from breathing frequencies to the most typical forced oscillation frequencies during end-expiratory pauses at PEEPs within the conventional range.
Exaggerated Urinary Norepinephrine Response to Tilt in Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Timothy S. Harrison, John D. Bartlett, John F. Seaton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

A RECURRENT problem that we have encountered in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma has appeared in patients with hypertensive attacks in whom periodic, but only modest, elevations of free catecholamine excretion occur. Our surgical service repeatedly has been referred patients with a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma already "established" on the basis of a convincing history of hypertensive attacks, slight elevations of free urinary catecholamine excretion and positive histamine and phentolamine (Regitine) tests. Frequently, these patients prove not to have a pheochromocytoma. In this circumstance we have found the determination of free urinary norepinephrine excretion before and after an ordinary tilt test to . . .
Red cell production.
Authors: N K Shinton
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are normally produced only in the bone marrow of adults, but during embryonic and fetal life erythropoiesis occurs in the liver, and during the second to the fifth month of fetal life it occurs in the spleen.1 From the fifth month after gestation marrow production increases gradually, having begun to take over from the liver during late fetal and early neonatal life. During the early years of life erythropoiesis occurs in the marrow of most bones but as age progresses active marrow is replaced by fat cells, starting from the distal bones of the limbs and proceeding towards the trunk, so that by adult life activity is confined to the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull, and iliac crests.
Dysfunctional Properdin in a Dutch Family with Meningococcal Disease
Authors: Anders G. Sjöholm, Ed J. Kuijper, Cees C. Tijssen, Anton Jansz, Pieter Bol, Lodewijk Spanjaard, Henk C. Zanen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

DEVELOPMENT of systemic infections with Neisseria meningitidis can usually be ascribed to the absence of protective IgM or IgG antibodies, or to the presence of IgA antibodies that block serum bactericidal reactions.1 , 2 Studies of rare complement-deficiency states have drawn attention to the importance of the complement system as a mediator of host defense against infections with neisseria and other bacteria.3 , 4 Properdin is a component of the alternative pathway of complement. Reports from studies of fulminant meningococcal infections or single episodes of meningococcal disease in patients with properdin deficiency have suggested a potential role of the alternative pathway in complement-dependent resistance . . .
Tumor Localization in Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Using Combined PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Christina Bluemel, Constantin Lapa, Anja Mottok, Stefanie Hahner, Ken Herrmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Diagnosis of ectopic Cushing syndrome is challenging. The best imaging approach for localizing ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors is not defined. Here, we report on a 68-year-old woman with new-onset hypertension (>200/90 mm Hg) who was referred to our institution with suspicion of ectopic ACTH-secreting tumor for further work-up. Combined FDG PET/CT as a whole-body imaging modality revealed a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreatic tail confirmed by surgical exploration.
A novel model of murine B cell-mediated proteinuria identical to human minimal change disease
Authors: A H J Kim, A S Shaw
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Minimal change disease remains the most common aetiology for paediatric nephrotic syndrome. The contributions of B cells to podocyte effacement and proteinuria remain unknown. We have developed a novel murine model of B-cell induced proteinuria with pathologic characteristics identical to human minimal change …
The Navigation Guide Systematic Review Methodology: A Rigorous and Transparent Method for Translating Environmental Health Science into Better Health Outcomes
Authors: Tracey J. Woodruff, Patrice Sutton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Synthesizing what is known about the environmental drivers of health is instrumental to taking prevention-oriented action. Methods of research synthesis commonly used in environmental health lag behind systematic review methods developed in the clinical sciences over the past 20 years.We sought to develop a proof of concept of the "Navigation Guide," a systematic and transparent method of research synthesis in environmental health.The Navigation Guide methodology builds on best practices in research synthesis in evidence-based medicine and environmental health. Key points of departure from current methods of expert-based narrative review prevalent in environmental health include a prespecified protocol, standardized and transparent documentation including expert judgment, a comprehensive search strategy, assessment of "risk of bias," and separation of the science from values and preferences. Key points of departure from evidence-based medicine include assigning a "moderate" quality rating to human observational studies and combining diverse evidence streams.The Navigation Guide methodology is a systematic and rigorous approach to research synthesis that has been developed to reduce bias and maximize transparency in the evaluation of environmental health information. Although novel aspects of the method will require further development and validation, our findings demonstrated that improved methods of research synthesis under development at the National Toxicology Program and under consideration by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are fully achievable. The institutionalization of robust methods of systematic and transparent review would provide a concrete mechanism for linking science to timely action to prevent harm.