tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A double-blind randomized controlled trial of infliximab associated with prednisolone in acute alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Sylvie Naveau, Sylvie Chollet-Martin, Sébastien Dharancy, Philippe Mathurin, Pauline Jouet, Marie-Astrid Piquet, Thierry Davion, Frédéric Oberti, Philippe Broët, Dominique Emilie
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) may contribute to the progression of acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an association of infliximab and prednisolone at reducing the 2-month mortality rate among patients with severe AAH. Patients with severe AAH (Maddrey score ≥32) were randomly assigned to group A receiving intravenous infusions of infliximab (10 mg/kg) in weeks 0, 2, and 4; or group B receiving a placebo at the same times. All patients received prednisolone (40 mg/day) for 28 days. Blood neutrophil functional capacities were monitored over 28 days. After randomization of 36 patients, seven patients from group A and three from group B died within 2 months. The probability of being dead at 2 months was higher (not significant [NS]) in group A (39% ± 11%) than in group B (18% ± 9%). The study was stopped by the follow-up committee and the sponsor (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris). The frequency of severe infections within 2 months was higher in group A than in group B ( P &lt; .002). This difference was potentially related to a significantly lower ex vivo stimulation capacity of neutrophils. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of Maddrey scores at any time point. In conclusion, three infusions of 10 mg/kg of infliximab in association with prednisolone may be harmful in patients with severe AAH because of the high prevalence of severe infections. (Hepatology 2004;39:1390-1397.)
NEWER IMAGING METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS: A REVIEW.
Authors: B. J. Barron, L. Lamki, S. Kipper, K. Stroehlein, V. Ephron
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Orofacial Granulomatosis Responding to Weekly Azithromycin Pulse Therapy
Authors: Savita Yadav, Sunil Dogra, Dipankar De, Uma Nahar Saikia
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG), also termed granulomatous cheilitis, oral granulomatosis, and cheilitis granulomatosa, is an uncommon disorder.The presentation can be very varied; pathogenesis is not very clear; and the treatment result is often disappointing.It is characterized by persistent enlargement of the soft tissues of the lip, oral mucosa, and the area around the mouth.Other granulomatous disorders like sarcoidosis, Crohn disease, leprosy, and tuberculosis must be ruled out before making this diagnosis.We describe herein an index case and 4 subsequent cases of idiopathic OFG that responded dramatically and almost completely to treatment with weekly oral azithromycin pulse doses. A BA, Severe erythema, edema, and swelling of the upper lip and both cheeks prior to azithromycin pulse treatment.B, Complete clearance after 5 months of azithromycin pulse treatment.
Metron factor-1 prevents liver injury without promoting tumor growth and metastasis
Authors: Terumi Takahara, Feng Xue, Massimiliano Mazzone, Yutaka Yata, Kazunobu Nonome, Masami Kanayama, Kengo Kawai, Alberto M. Pisacane, Shiro Takahara, Xiao-Kang Li, Paolo M. Comoglio, Toshiro Sugiyama, Paolo Michieli
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is the most powerful hepatotrophic factor identified so far. However, the ability of HGF to promote tumor cell "scattering" and invasion raises some concern about its therapeutic safety. We compared the therapeutic efficacy of HGF with that of Metron Factor-1 (MF-1), an engineered cytokine derived from HGF and the HGF-like factor macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), in mouse models of acute and chronic liver injury. At the same time, we tested the ability of HGF and MF-1 to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion in several mouse models of cancer. We show that (1) MF-1 and HGF stimulate hepatocyte proliferation in vitro; (2) MF-1 and HGF protect primary hepatocytes against Fas-induced and drug-induced apoptosis; (3) HGF but not MF-1 induces scattering and matrigel invasion of carcinoma cell lines in vitro; (4) HGF but not MF-1 promotes migration and extracellular matrix invasion of endothelial cells in vitro; (5) MF-1 and HGF prevent CCl4-induced acute liver injury as measured by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, histology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis, and phospho-histone-3 immunostaining; (6) MF-1 and HGF attenuate liver fibrosis caused by chronic CCl4 intoxication and promote regeneration as measured by Sirius red staining, alpha-smooth muscle actin immunostaining, and Ki-67 analysis; (7) HGF but not MF-1 promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in a variety of xenograft models; (8) HGF but not MF-1 promotes intrahepatic dissemination of hepatocarcinoma cells injected orthotopically. Conclusion: These data suggest that MF-1 is as effective as HGF at preventing liver injury and at promoting hepatocyte regeneration, but therapeutically safer than HGF because it lacks proangiogenic and prometastatic activity. (HEPATOLOGY 2008;47:2010–2025.)
Abstract 2919: XBP1 and the unfolded protein response in antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Ayesha N. Shajahan, Rebecca B. Riggins, Alan Zwart, F. Edward Hickman, Robert Clarke
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Most of the 178,000 newly diagnosed cases of invasive breast cancer in 2010 will be estrogen receptor positive α positive (ER+). For these patients, endocrine therapy, administered as an antiestrogen, e.g., Tamoxifen (TAM) or Faslodex (Fulvestrant; ICI 182,780) or an aromatase inhibitor (AI), e.g., Letrozole (LET), is the least toxic and most effective means to manage their hormone-dependent breast cancer. While 5 years of Tamoxifen (TAM) produces a 26% proportional reduction in mortality, advanced ER+ breast cancer largely remains an incurable disease and resistance to endocrine therapy remains a significant clinical problem. Previously, we have shown that antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells over-express X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1), a transcription factor that belongs to the basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) family. XBP1(U) and XBP1(S) variants result from an unconventional splicing of the XBP1 mRNA by IRE1α. High ratio of XBP1(S):XBP1(U) mRNA in breast tumors is associated with poor response to TAM in patients. IRE1α, ATF6 and PERK are endoplasmic reticulum proteins that sense cellular stress in the unfolded protein response (UPR) - an adaptive signaling pathway that allows cells to survive the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Initially a compensatory mechanism allowing cells to recover normal endoplasmic reticulum function, prolonged UPR may induce cell death; this is often dependent upon which arm of the UPR predominates. XBP1 is an obligate component in both the IRE1α and ATF6 arms of the UPR. Here we show that antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells survive by activating pro-survival autophagy through XBP1-mediated UPR. MCF7/LCC9 [Faslodex resistant; TAM cross-resistant; high level of XBP1(S)] cells showed an increase in UPR signaling as detected by increased expression of BiP/GRP78. MCF-7/XBP1 or T47D/XBP1 stable cells that over-express XBP1(S) showed increased level of basal and Faslodex-induced autophagy as measured by cleaved LC3BII protein fragment, GFP-LC3 activity, and reduced expression of p62/SQSTM1. Thus, our results highlight a novel cell fate signaling through the UPR in breast cancer cells that leads to antiestrogen resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2919.
Scintigraphic Demonstration of Jugular Obstruction in a Case of Lemierre Syndrome
Authors: S. MAÑÉ, M. TORRES, J. BUGÉS, A. RIVAS, C. BRUNO, E. RODRIGUEZ, J. A. MARTINEZ, A. NUBIOLA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 19-year-old man had fever, sore throat, and general malaise for 4 days. Physical examination revealed exudative tonsillitis, a right submandibular lymph node, and swelling along the right sternocleidomastoid muscle. Initial results of a chest x-ray were normal. Blood cultures were positive for Fusobacterium necrophorum. Radionuclide venography with in vitro Tc-99m labeled red blood cells showed a delay in the right carotid-jugular complex blood flow. An ECHO Doppler examination demonstrated both a thickening of the wall and a partial thrombosis of the right internal jugular vein, suggesting thrombophlebitis. Lemierre syndrome (suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein secondary to an oropharyngeal infection) was diagnosed. The patient was given clindamycin, with good response.
Many brands of cessation plans lure smokers
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SOCS up-regulation mobilizes autologous stem cells through CXCR4 blockade
Authors: Oscar M. Pello, María del Carmen Moreno-Ortiz, José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade, Laura Martínez-Muñoz, Daniel Lucas, Lucio Gómez, Pilar Lucas, Enrique Samper, Miguel Aracil, Carlos Martínez-A, Antonio Bernad, Mario Mellado
Journal: Blood (2006)
Elevated Circulating E-Selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1, and von Willebrand Factor in Patients with Severe Infection
Authors: SAMER KAYAL, JEAN-PHILIPPE JAÏS, NADIA AGUINI, JEAN CHAUDIÈRE, JACQUES LABROUSSE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

To investigate interactions between the endothelium and leukocytes in patients with sepsis, we measured soluble adhesion molecules (sE-selectin and sICAM-1), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lactoferrin (Lacto-f ) as plasma markers of endothelial and neutrophil activation. We tested whether the five proteins were predictors of clinical severity, which was evaluated by simplified acute physiological score (SAPS), number of organ failures (MOF), acute lung injury (ALI), and subsequent final outcome. Levels of the five plasma markers were higher in patients with severe infection (n = 25) than in patients without sepsis (n = 7) and healthy volunteers (n = 9). In the study population, levels of sE-selectin, sICAM-1, and vWf:Ag were higher for nonsurvivors as well as for patients with septic shock or with bacteremia, and they were correlated with SAPS and MOF. Survival outcome was predicted with high sensitivity and specificity by initial plasma levels of sICAM-1 and vWf:Ag. The initial sICAM-1 level appeared to be an independent prognostic variable, based on a logistic regression analysis. Unlike sE-selectin, sICAM-1 remained at high levels indefinitely in nonsurvivors. We conclude that, unlike neutrophil activation markers, levels of endothelium-derived soluble adhesion molecules and vWf:Ag in severe sepsis syndrome are correlated with the severity of illness and may be considered as predictors of survival outcome.
Estrogen, Thyroxine Binding in Serum, and Thyroxine Therapy
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

In this issue of the Journal, Arafah presents data indicating that some women with hypothyroidism receiving thyroxine therapy needed more thyroxine when they received estrogen therapy — a change caused by an estrogen-induced increase in the serum concentration of thyroxine-binding globulin.1 The increased need for thyroxine occurred in women with hypothyroidism who were receiving moderate doses of thyroxine, intended to replace normal thyroxine secretion and restore thyrotropin secretion to normal, and in women with thyroid carcinoma who were receiving higher doses of thyroxine, intended to suppress thyrotropin secretion to below normal.Thyroxine-binding globulin is a glycoprotein produced in the liver . . .
Pulmonary Vascular Volume, Resistance, and Compliance in Man
Authors: WILLIAM R. MILNOR, ANTHONY D. JOSE, CHARLES J. MCGAFF
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Pulmonary blood volume was measured in 19 patients, with use of a dye-dilution method and simultaneous bilateral cardiac catheterization. Pulmonary mean transit time was measured by subtracting left atrial-to-peripheral artery mean transit time from pulmonary artery-to-peripheral artery mean transit time. Average pulmonary blood volume was 365 ml. per M. 2 (range 126 to 598 ml. per M. 2 ). This value is significantly smaller than previous estimates by less direct methods. The ratio of pulmonary blood volume to mean intravascular pressure was used as an indication of pulmonary vascular compliance. Patients with high pulmonary vascular resistance had relatively low pulmonary vascular compliance. A significant correlation between pulmonary blood volume and stroke volume was found, lending support to the hypothesis that the volume and elasticity of the pulmonary vascular bed contribute to the regulation of cardiac output.
THE PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL CLIMATOLOGY.
Authors: S. E. SOLLY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In presenting to you some thoughts upon medical climatology and its underlying principles, I am mindful that while the profession as a whole are lamentably ignorant of the principles of climatology, and sadly careless and ignorant in their application, and need instruction in the very grammar of the subject, I have now the honor of addressing those whose reputation and presence here are assurances of their knowledge and serious interest in climatic study. I shall therefore, as far as possible, avoid dwelling upon well-known facts, but it would seem wise to first define the subject we are to consider. Climate implies the physical peculiarities of a given locality, while climatology is the study of these various climates with their special correspondences and their effects upon man. Medical climatology, in the arrangement of its various departments, may be compared to a pyramid, the broad base of which is formed of the
Familial Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: JAMES GERMAN, KATHRYN H. EHLERS, MARY ALLEN ENGLE
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The chromosomal complement was analyzed in 35 individuals, each selected because of proven cardiac anomaly in him and in one or more of his relatives. The study to date has also been extended to include chromosomal analyses of 29 other affected and 21 unaffected relatives, a total of 85 individuals. In four of the 35 index individuals a small chromosomal variant was found, and in each case it was shown to be familial; in all, variants were detected in 11 of the 85 persons examined. The various aberrations detected-an enlarged short arm of a member of group 13-15 in two families; heteromorphic nos. 16 in one family; satellites on a no. 17 in one family -are known to exist in apparently normal individuals in the general population. Neither the biological significance of these variants nor their relation to the etiology of cardiac anomalies can be established at present. However, the following working hypothesis has been developed: Small chromosomal variations in structure are transmitted in phenotypically normal individuals in the general population and constitute the chromosomal structural load ; when the relatively infrequent but inevitable genetic imbalance of an embryo occurs as the consequence of such a chromosomal polymorphism, it may cause embryonic maldevelopment. By this mechanism, the structural load would become responsible for a proportion of birth defects.
Sheep cloned from mammary gland cells
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Scientists have cloned a lamb by taking the nucleus from a sheep's mammary gland cell and implanting it into an oocyte. Dolly, a Finn Dorset lamb, is believed to be the first mammal that has been developed from a cell derived from adult tissue.



Dolly is the first mammal to be cloned from adult tissue

MURDO MACLEOD



The research confirms that nuclei from …
RAV12 Accelerates the Desensitization of Akt/PKB Pathway of Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor Signaling in COLO205
Authors: Jonathan Chi-Hang Li, Ronghao Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

RAV12 is a high-affinity immunoglobulin G(1) (IgG(1)) chimeric antibody recognizing an N-linked carbohydrate epitope expressed on a number of human carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. RAV12 is efficacious in treating colon, gastric, and pancreatic tumors in xenograft models in vivo. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is a protein widely overexpressed in tumor-derived cell lines that promotes cell survival and prevents apoptosis. We found the RAV12 epitope (RAAG12) decorated the IGF-IR proteins of RAV12-responsive cell lines such as COLO201, COLO205, and SNU-16. Here, we report findings of IGF-IR signaling manipulation by RAV12. We found that RAV12 caused a significantly accelerated IGF-I-mediated IGF-IR phosphorylation and desensitization in COLO205. We also observed significant changes in some of the major downstream signaling components of IGF-IR. Data suggested that RAV12 treatment accelerated the desensitization of Akt/PKB through IRS1, and such activation could be attenuated by Tyrphostin AG538 (IGF-IR inhibitor), LY294002, or Wortmannin (phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor). Furthermore, RAV12-inhibited IGF-I stimulated COLO205 growth, and the inhibition could be significantly augmented by mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor.
Occult pleural cryptococcosis in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: S. K. Kamminga, C. Boer, A. A. Rijkeboer, M. A. Paul, A. Vonk Noordegraaf, R. J. Strack van Schijndel
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

Sir: Cryptococcosis is a rare opportunistic, invasive, fungal, lifethreatening infection, which occurs in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. In immunocompromised patients, the signs of cryptococcosis can easily be confused by the symptoms of the primary disease, which may delay adequate treatment [1]. We recently treated a 47-year-old woman with a thymoma WHO type B1 in the left hemithorax treated with three cycles of cisplatin/etoposide. Simultaneously, she developed a recurrent right-sided pleural effusion, which was drained four times and tested by an India ink and gramstained smear, bacterial culturing, Cryptococcus serum and pleural punctuate antigen testing and a cytological stain, which were all negative for microorganisms including Cryptococcus neoformans. The broncheoalveolar lavage (BAL) material was also negative. The transudate contained lymphocytes and mesothelial cells. Eight days following the last cycle of chemotherapy, the patient was admitted because of fever, headache, neck pain, and cognitive changes during chemotherapyinduced pancytopenia. Three months after pleural effusion development, C. neoformans meningitis was diagnosed in the cerebral spinal fluid. The infection was successfully treated with amphotericin B (0.7 mg/kg/day) and flucytosine (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks, followed by 8 weeks amfotericin B (0.7 mg/kg/day) with flucanozole (800 mg/kg/day). Despite the diagnosis of meningeal cryptococcosis, pleural abnormalities remained attributed to the thymoma. Two weeks after cryptococcosis diagnosis, the patient underwent surgery for staging. Histology of the right middle lobe and pleura revealed a granulomatous necrotizing infection with C. neoformans (Fig. 1). One month later, a thymectomy was performed with partial pericardectomy, followed by ICU admission for 1 month. In summary, our patient showed pulmonary cryptococcosis which, due to negative bacteriological testing, was not recognized as such. Pulmonary signs were, therefore, attributed to her thymoma. Despite repeated testing for fungi of the pleural effusion and BAL, these tests remained negative during a substantial part of the disease progression. Whether the initial pleural transuduate was caused by cryptococcal infection or that secondary infection of pre-existent pleural fluid occurred, remains unclear. Microbiologic examination of specimens for cryptococci is not always conclusive: the appearance of cryptococci may vary considerably
A UNIQUE CASE OF PERINEO-SUPRAPUBIC SECTION.
Authors: G. FRANK LYDSTON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Through the courtesy of Drs. Griffith and Ryan of St. John's Hospital, Springfield, Illinois, I had the opportunity of operating a few days since, upon a most interesting case. A man 45 years of age, occupation mechanic, sustained a fall upon his perineum some nine years ago. This was followed by urethral hemorrhage, with considerable swelling and ecchymosis in the perineal region. Retention of urine occurred, and the catheter was used for some days. A few weeks after the injury the patient noticed that his already lessened stream of urine was rapidly diminishing in size. The contraction of the urethra continued until complete retention recurred. The catheter was again resorted to, and, satisfied with temporary relief, the patient did nothing in the way of treatment until another attack of retention came on. This was treated as the other attacks had been, and with equal success. During the many years since
Fertility after stopping different methods of contraception.
Authors: M P Vessey, N H Wright, K McPherson, P Wiggins
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Data on the return of fertility after discontinuing various methods of contraception were collected from among the women taking part in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Return of fertility was measured as the time taken to give birth to a child. The fertility of both nulligravid and parous women who stopped taking oral contraceptives was initially impaired in comparison with that of women who stopped using other methods of contraception. But the effect of oral contraceptives on fertility had become negligible by 42 months after cessation of contraception in nulligravidae and by 30 months in multiparae. Impairment seemed to be independent of the length of use of oral contraceptives. Data relating to IUD users were sparse, but the figures that were available were reassuring. These results suggest that, although women may have temporary impairment of fertility after discontinuing oral contraception, they are unlikely to become permanently sterile through taking the pill.