tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Time trends in mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes: nationwide population based cohort study
Authors: V. Harjutsalo, C. Forsblom, P.-H. Groop
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To examine short and long term time trends in mortality among patients with early onset (age 0-14 years) and late onset (15-29 years) type 1 diabetes and causes of deaths over time. <b>Design</b> Population based nationwide cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Finland. <b>Participants</b> All Finnish patients diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes below age 30 years between 1970 and 1999 (n=17 306). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Crude mortality, standardised mortality ratios, time trends, and cumulative mortality. <b>Results</b> A total of 1338 deaths occurred during 370 733 person years of follow-up, giving an all cause mortality rate of 361/100 000 person years. The standardised mortality ratio was 3.6 in the early onset cohort and 2.8 in the late onset cohort. Women had higher standardised mortality ratios than did men in both cohorts (5.5 <i>v</i> 3.0 in the early onset cohort; 3.6 <i>v</i> 2.6 in the late onset cohort). The standardised mortality ratio at 20 years' duration of diabetes in the early onset cohort decreased from 3.5 in the patients diagnosed in 1970-4 to 1.9 in those diagnosed in 1985-9. In contrast, the standardised mortality ratio in the late onset cohort increased from 1.4 in those diagnosed in 1970-4 to 2.9 in those diagnosed in 1985-9. Mortality due to chronic complications of diabetes decreased with time in the early onset cohort but not in the late onset cohort. Mortality due to alcohol related and drug related causes increased in the late onset cohort and accounted for 39% of the deaths during the first 20 years of diabetes. Accordingly, mortality due to acute diabetic complications increased significantly in the late onset cohort. <b>Conclusion</b> Survival of people with early onset type 1 diabetes has improved over time, whereas survival of people with late onset type 1 diabetes has deteriorated since the 1980s. Alcohol has become an important cause of death in patients with type 1 diabetes, and the proportion of deaths caused by acute complications of diabetes has increased in patients with late onset type 1 diabetes.
Diagnosis of Coarctation
Authors: R. A. Strang
Journal: BMJ (1963)

BRDISH 1129 enough to keep him awake at night.He had some frequency of micturition but no dysuria, and his pain was aggravated by coughing and deep breathing.On examination his temperature was 101.8°F. (38.8°C.), pulse 96, respiration 20.The W.B.C. count was 11,200 (90% neutro- phils).The E.S.R. was 22 mm. in the first hour.The urine was acid in reaction and contained neither protein nor pus cells and yielded no significant bacterial growth on culture.A nose swab grew Staph.pyogenes.An x-ray of chest and left ribs showed no abnormality.A blood culture also grew Staph.pyogenes.The only abnormal physi- cal signs were tenderness in the left loin, renal angle, and over the left lower ribs, posteriorly with obvious swelling in the same regions.The temperature remained around 104°F.
Inhibitory Effects of -Carotene on Proliferation of the Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line GOTO
Authors: M. Murakoshi, J. Takayasu, O. Kimura, E. Kohmura, H. Nishino, A. Iwashima, J. Okuzumi, T. Sakai, T. Sugimoto, J. Imanishi, R. Iwasaki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

alpha-Carotene inhibited the proliferation of the human neuroblastoma cell line GOTO in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, it was about 10 times more inhibitory than beta-carotene. Northern blot analysis indicated that alpha-carotene caused maximum suppression of the level of the N-myc messenger RNA of GOTO cells. This suppression occurred within 18 hours of alpha-carotene treatment, after which the level of the N-myc messenger RNA gradually recovered to the basal level. Analysis by flow cytometry indicated that when GOTO cells were exposed to alpha-carotene, they were arrested in the G0-G1 phase of their cell cycle. However, as the level of the N-myc messenger RNA was recovering, these cells resumed normal cycling. These results indicate that the reduction in the level of the N-myc messenger RNA caused by alpha-carotene is closely linked with G0-G1 arrest.
Fibre, fermentation, flora, and flatus.
Authors: G Grimble
Journal: Gut (1989)

Leading articleFibre, fermentation, flora, and flatusResearch into flatogenesis has undergone several, apparently unrelated, phases.Early studies of the volume of gas in the gastrointestinal tract'2 were prompted by the abdominal pain and discomfort experienced by sailors and airmen who had been subjected to explosive decompression.The second phase was aided by the realisation that human gas production could pose an explosion hazard during longterm space flight.3Since that time, there has been little attempt to quantitate gas production in man although there have been many studies on concentrations of H2 and CH4 in end expired breath.There have been remarkable advances during the last 15 years in our understanding of the nature of non-absorbed sugars and dietary fibre and of their fermentation in the large intestine.It is now possible to construct a clearer picture of the overall stochiometry of colonic fermentation and gas production in man.The link between large intestine fermentation of non-absorbed carbo- hydrate and gas production has been exploited in numerous breath tests for malabsorption because a portion of the gas produced (H2 and CH4) is absorbed from the lumen of the large intestine into the blood stream and excreted in the lungs.As much as 13% of H2 gas may be lost through this route.4Whilst H2 appears to be the major unique gas produced by intestinal fermentation, a proportion of individuals also excrete appreciable quantities of CH4-"14 In patients with unresected colon cancer the proportion of methane-producers is high (86-92%), falling to normal levels (43-47%) after resection. 13Methanogenic bacteria are also present in large quantities in patients with diverticulosis.1s In contrast with these data, a recent study of South African populations has shown that although there was a wide variation in the proportion of methane producers in different ethnic groups, this did not relate to the relative risk of developing colon cancer.'6The picture is confusing and the report of Weaver and colleagues,'7 in this issue of Gut is therefore timely.In this study, an attempt has been made to determine the stochiometry of fermentation of defined substrates by incubation of faecal samples from a H2 and a CH4 producer.It addresses the essential questions of 'How much', 'Why?', 'Where?', 'What?', and 'Why not?'. How much?Most studies have measured only the small proportion of H2 and CH4 which is excreted in the breath.Because H2 and CH4 are expressed as concentra- tions, it is not possible to calculate total output unless respiratory volumes are known.End expiratory gas measurements are straightforward in patients or volunteers, but rectal intubation for measurement of flatus volumes is not.A non-invasive alternative to rectal intubation is suggested 6 on August 16,
A Randomized Trial of Psychosocial Support during High-Risk Pregnancies
Authors: José Villar, Ubaldo Farnot, Fernando Barros, Cesar Victora, Ana Langer, José M. Belizan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

It is often suggested that psychological and social support and health education for women at high risk for delivering a low-birth-weight infant can improve the outcomes of pregnancy, but the evidence is inconclusive. We undertook this prospective trial to evaluate a program of home visits designed to provide psychosocial support during pregnancy.
Familial Hypophosphatemia: The Dilemma of Treatment
Authors: Charles R. Scriver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Familial hypophosphatemia comprises a group of conditions often referred to as "hereditary vitamin-Dresistant rickets." Precise diagnosis in this sector of clinical medicine is of the greatest relevance to treatment. An autosomal recessive form of familial hypophosphatemia, now known as vitamin D dependency, or hereditary pseudo-vitamin-D-deficiency rickets, is a disorder of vitamin D metabolism, associated with clear evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism.1 The disease declares itself as a primary abnormality of calcium absorption soon after birth; secondary hyperparathyroidism follows, with hypophosphatemia appearing as an ultimate consequence. However, the mutant gene permits an attenuated response to vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or vitamin D . . .
Anthropometric and physiological factors predicting young adults' motor skills
Authors: E I Iconaru, C Ciucurel, M M Ciucurel, L Georgescu, S Toma, M I Tudor
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Recent studies indicate that performance of motor skills is influenced by a diversity of physiological parameters, such as weight status, aerobic capacity, endurance and muscular strength, but the scientific determinants of physical performance are very specific. The aim was to identify the anthropometric and physiological determinants of motor skills in young adults. The authors studied anthropometric and physiological factors (as predictor variables) among 230 subjects (average age 22 years, sex ratio 1/1). The authors considered as criterion variable the results of the Fundamental Movement Skills Test, a Romanian semiquantitative test utilised for evaluation of candidates for entrance into Romanian Physical Education and Sport Faculties. Above the measured variables, the strongest predictors for the motor skills (for a statistical significance level p=0.002) were: the body mass index, the aerobic capacity (Astrand-Rhyming test), the anaerobic power (Sargent test), the statokinesigram and the vital capacity. These unified factors, as a battery test, account for 65% of the variance of the subjects' motor skill level (multiple R square=0.65, multiple R=0.805). The acquisition of motor skills is substantially associated with some anthropometric and physiological determinants. Thus, the understanding of these important factors is beneficial for large groups of individuals, by helping professionals in physical education and sport to develop a conceptual model of human performance. Our findings suggest that the most relevant five factors predicting the motor skills in young adults are the body mass index, the aerobic capacity, the anaerobic power, the statokinesigram and the vital capacity. Furthermore, more effective studies appear like innovative approaches, in condition of applying the multiple regression and mitigating the effect of multicollinearity.
Failure of labetalol to prevent hypertension due to clonidine withdrawal.
Authors: D M Hurley, R Vandongen, L J Beilin
Journal: BMJ (1979)

since adequate respiration took several days to return, respiration was supported artificially.Hypertension and tachycardia did not recur.Recovery was gradual but uneventful.He was discharged 35 days after admission. CommentLabetalol was effective in controlling the circulatory effects of adrenergic stimulation from tetanus in this patient, and may be more advantageous than other forms of management using either alphaor beta-adrenergic blocking drugs.Continuous infusion, although expensive, ensures a reasonably sustained effect and offers a practical alternative to intermittent intravenous or oral administration.Never- theless, decurarisation should be performed cautiously and adequate doses of atropine must be given.This regimen merits further study.
Effects of inhibition of RBC HCO3-/Cl- exchange on CO2 excretion and downstream pH disequilibrium in isolated rat lungs.
Authors: E D Crandall, S J Mathew, R S Fleischer, H I Winter, A Bidani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

To determine the effects of the speed of the erythrocyte membrane chloride shift on pulmonary gas transfer, CO2 exchange and the kinetics of pH equilibration were measured with isolated rat lungs perfused with 20% suspensions of human erythrocytes. The lungs were ventilated with room air, and the inflowing perfusate blood gases were similar to those in mixed venous blood in vivo. All experiments were performed at 37 degrees C. Rates of CO2 excretion were determined by measuring the fraction of CO2 in mixed expired gas in a steady state. The time-course of extracellular pH equilibration in the effluent perfusate was measured in a downstream stopflow pH electrode apparatus. CO2 excretion was reduced by approximately 16% when the lungs were perfused with suspensions containing erythrocytes whose HCO-3/Cl- exchange rates was inhibited, compared with CO2 excretion when the lungs were perfused with normal erythrocyte suspensions. A fall of 0.06 in effluent perfusate extracellular pH was noted during perfusion with inhibited erythrocyte suspensions, in contrast to no observable downstream pH change during perfusion with normal erythrocyte suspensions. These results are in close agreement with the predictions of a theoretical model. Our observations suggest that CO2 transfer in capillary beds will be adversely affected in vivo when the rate of the erythrocyte HCO-3/Cl- exchange is abnormally low. Since a number of commonly used drugs are known to inhibit the chloride shift in human erythrocytes, these findings may have important clinical implications, especially in patients with impaired lung function.
ACID-BASE BALANCE, RENAL FUNCTION, AND GASTRIC SECRETION DURING HYPOCHLOREMIA IN THE DOG 1
Authors: Joseph B. Kirsner, Kathryn Knowlton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1941)

The mechanism of the severe nitrogen retention seen in extrarenal conditions such as pyloric stenosis or intestinal obstruction has not been es- tablished conclusively.Some investigators at- tribute it to transient renal insufficiency of a purely functional character (1, 2).Others (3, 4) be- lieve that renal function is essentially unaffected and relate the azotemia directly to the hypochloremia.However, marked nitrogen retention has been observed frequently in the presence of nor- mal or high levels of plasma chloride (5, 6).Kerpel-Fronius (7), furthermore, has shown ex- perimentally that azotemia is not a complication of hypochloremia in the absence of dehydration and also that azotemia does develop in dehydration without hypochloremia.The purpose of the present study was to clarify the problem of extrarenal azotemia by studying the effects of a gradually induced hypochloremia on the acid-base equilibrium and renal function in the dog.The in- vestigation also includes an analysis of the hista- mine-stimulated gastric secretion removed during these experiments. METHOD OF STUDYChloride deprivation was gradually produced by the intermittent withdrawal of the gastric contents.It was desirable to remove the gastric juice under conditions otherwise as nearly normal as possible.For this purpose two healthy female dogs were operated upon under ether anesthesia.A special gold-plated cannula2 was intro- 1 Read before the Central Society for Clinical Research, November 1, 1940.
Sentinel Node Biopsy: Interpretation and Management of Patients With Immunohistochemistry-Positive Sentinel Nodes and Those With Micrometastases
Authors: Emiel J.T. Rutgers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

The sentinel node procedure is an adequate tool to identify lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Sentinel nodes are generally examined with greater attention mainly to exclude, as reliably as possible, lymph node metastasis. To achieve this, many protocols are used, resulting in different rates of micrometastasis or isolated tumor cells encountered. Since the prognostic significance of isolated tumor cells or micrometastasis in the sentinel nodes, and the risk of further axillary lymph node involvement in patients with isolated tumor cells, is uncertain and at most limited, these findings may pose difficulties for clinicians in clinical decision making. Protocols that identify lymph node metastasis, from which the clinical relevance is known, are warranted. Unnecessary lymph node dissections should be avoided.
Comparison of cardiac refractory periods in children and adults.
Authors: W DuBrow, E A Fisher, G Amaty-Leon, P Denes, D Wu, K Rosen, A R Hastreiter
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Atrial (A) and A-V nodal (AVN) effective and functional refractory periods (ERP & FRP) were determined by atrial extrastimulus technique in 40 children, aged 7 months to 16 years, with normal P-R intervals and QRS durations. These data were compared to adult data at longest cycle lengths (CL) assuring atrial capture. All values are listed in msec as means plus or minus standard errors of the means. CL was 566 plus or minus 15 in children and 699 plus or minus 29 in adults (P less than .001). Refractory periods (RP) in children and adults were, respectively: AERP 196 plus or minus 9 and 239 plus or minus 13 (P less than .01), AFRP 225 plus or minus 8 and 284 plus or minus 11 (P less than .001), AVNERP 239 plus or minus 11 and 293 plus or minus 7 (P smaller than .001), AVNFRP 360 plus or minus 13 and 403 plus or minus 7 (P smaller than .005). RP were then compared at three equivalent CL ranges: CL1, 850-600; CL2 599-460; CL3 459-280. The following RP were significantly shorter in children (P smaller than .05-.001): AERP, AFRP, AVENERP and AVNFRP at CL2 and CL3. RP of the bundle branches were compared and tended to be shorter in children. In conclusion, atrial and A-V nodal ERP and FRP are shorter in children than adults. This shortening is only partially related to the shorter CL in children. These data are germane to understanding the maturation of the conduction system in man.
Clinical Application of Three-dimensional Surface Display in Brain Imaging with Tc-99m HMPAO
Authors: JUNJI ISHIMURA, MINORU FUKUCHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Twenty-two patients with completed stroke were studied to evaluate the clinical usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) surface display in brain imaging with Tc-99m HMPAO. Perfusion defects were seen by standard 3D surface display in all 13 patients, with low density areas (LDA) extending to the cerebral cortex on X-ray computed tomography. In nine patients with LDA limited around the basal ganglia, perfusion defects were not identified by standard display alone, but six were found to have such defects by 3D surface display minus the covering upper structure. This study indicates that standard 3D surface display is useful in stereoscopically evaluating cortical defects without searching through a large number of single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) images. Moreover, 3D surface display minus the upper structure is effective to demonstrate defects within the brain.
Genetic Alterations in Urinary Bladder Carcinosarcoma: Evidence of a Common Clonal Origin
Authors: Sarel Halachmi, Angelo M. DeMarzo, Nan-Haw Chow, Naomi Halachmi, Ann E. Smith, Jurgen F. Linn, Ofer Nativ, Jonathan I. Epstein, Mark P. Schoenberg, David Sidransky
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Alcohol in combination with malnutrition causes increased liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Anne Bosma, Wilfried F. Seifert, G. Christa F. van Thiel-de Ruiter, Rick E.W. Van Leeuwen, Bep Blauw, Paul Roholl, Dick L. Knook, Adriaan Brouwer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
Management of Multiple Drug-Resistant Infections
Authors: Gary D. Rifkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes15 June 2004Management of Multiple Drug-Resistant InfectionsGary D. Rifkin, MDGary D. Rifkin, MDFrom University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-12-200406150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Gillespie, SH, ed. 403 pages. Totowa, NJ: Humana; 2004. $125.00. ISBN 1588292304. Order phone 973-256-1699.Field of medicine: Infectious diseases, critical care, and clinical microbiology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Infectious disease physicians, intensivists, clinical microbiologists, and clinical pharmacologists.Purpose: To provide “practical advice about the management of multiple drug-resistant infections” with a focus on “major hospital and community acquired pathogens” and common treatment problems.Content: This multiauthored book is divided into 5 sections: gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative pathogens, mycobacteria, fungal and parasitic infections, and viral infections. Most chapters describe mechanisms of action and resistance to specific antimicrobial agents. The bacteria and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 2004Volume 140, Issue 12Page: 1064KeywordsClinical microbiologyDrugsInfectious diseasesMalariaParasitic diseasesPneumoniaPseudomonas infectionsStaphylococcal infectionUrinary tract infections ePublished: 15 June 2004 Issue Published: 15 June 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
<i>Gooseberries on a Table</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH INTO COCAIN AND EUCAIN.
Authors: GEORGE CRILE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>EFFECT ON PERIPHERAL NERVE TRUNKS.</h3> The injection of eucain or cocain into a nerve trunk so as to place all its structures in contact with the drug produces an effectual physiologic "block." By the word "block" is meant such condition of the nerve that neither afferent nor efferent impulses can pass, the conductivity being as completely interrupted as if the nerve were divided. While general anesthesia prevents the appreciation of pain and the production of voluntary motion, it does not prevent such other afferent impulses as those caused by mechanical, thermal or electrical stimulation of the nerve endings or trunks, which produce changes in the frequency and the amplitude of the respirations, in the frequency and force of the heart beats, and in vasomotor action. Either eucain or cocain injected into a nerve trunk as above described prevents the passing of such afferent impulses, thereby preventing effects upon the respiration,
CASE OF LEPROSY; APPARENT CURE.
Authors: G. H. LANCASHIRE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1924)

Journal Article CASE OF LEPROSY; APPARENT CURE. Get access G. H. LANCASHIRE, M.D. G. H. LANCASHIRE, M.D. Hon. Physician, Manchester and Salford Hospital for Diseases of the Skin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 36, Issue 7, 1 July 1924, Pages 312–314, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1924.tb09203.x Published: 01 July 1924