tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A common set of immediate-early response genes in liver regeneration and hyperplasia
Authors: Joseph Locker, Jianmin Tian, Robert Carver, Danilo Concas, Costanza Cossu, Giovanna M. Ledda-Columbano, Amedeo Columbano
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Partial hepatectomy (PH) and some tumor-promoting agents stimulate hepatocyte cell proliferation, but each treatment acts through distinct transcription factors. We compared mouse immediate-early gene expression changes after PH with those induced by 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichoropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP), a tumor-promoting liver mitogen. PH activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and Stat3, whereas TCPOBOP is a ligand for the nuclear receptor, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). RNA from 1 and 3 hours after each treatment was hybridized to a 9,000 complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray. Of about 6,000 messenger RNAs that had detectable expression, 127 showed reproducible up-regulation or down-regulation at a significant level. The TCPOBOP response was more discrete than the PH response; they amounted to 1% and 1.9% of positive hybridizations, respectively. Twenty-three genes were regulated only by TCPOBOP, 57 only by PH, and 59 by both treatments. More detailed analysis defined 16 clusters with common patterns of expression. These patterns and quantification of hybridization levels on the array were confirmed by Northern blots. TCPOBOP selectively activated expression of a number of detoxification enzymes. In conclusion, the genes that were regulated by both treatments suggest down-regulation of apoptosis, altered signal transduction, and early biogenesis of critical cell components.
Insulin secretory abnormalities in subjects with hyperglycemia due to glucokinase mutations.
Authors: M M Byrne, J Sturis, K Clément, N Vionnet, M E Pueyo, M Stoffel, J Takeda, P Passa, D Cohen, G I Bell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Pancreatic beta-cell function was studied in six subjects with mutations in the enzyme glucokinase (GCK) who were found to have elevated fasting and postprandial glucose levels in comparison to six normoglycemic controls. Insulin secretion rates (ISRs) were estimated by deconvolution of peripheral C-peptide values using a two-compartment model and individual C-peptide kinetics obtained after bolus intravenous injections of biosynthetic human C-peptide. First-phase insulin secretory responses to intravenous glucose and insulin secretion rates over a 24-h period on a weight maintenance diet were not different in subjects with GCK mutations and controls. However, the dose-response curve relating glucose and ISR obtained during graded intravenous glucose infusions was shifted to the right in the subjects with GCK mutations and average ISRs over a glucose range between 5 and 9 mM were 61% lower than those in controls. In the controls, the beta cell was most sensitive to an increase in glucose at concentrations between 5.5 and 6.0 mM, whereas in the patients with GCK mutations the point of maximal responsiveness was increased to between 6.5 and 7.5 mM. Even mutations that resulted in mild impairment of in vitro enzyme activity were associated with a > 50% reduction in ISR. The responsiveness of the beta cell to glucose was increased by 45% in the subjects with mutations after a 42-h intravenous glucose infusion at a rate of 4-6 mg/kg per min. During oscillatory glucose infusion with a period of 144 min, profiles from the subjects with mutations revealed reduced spectral power at 144 min for glucose and ISR compared with controls, indicating decreased ability to entrain the beta cell with exogenous glucose. In conclusion, subjects with mutations in GCK demonstrate decreased responsiveness of the beta cell to glucose manifest by a shift in the glucose ISR dose-response curve to the right and reduced ability to entrain the ultradian oscillations of insulin secretion with exogenous glucose. These results support a key role for the enzyme GCK in determining the in vivo glucose/ISR dose-response relationships and define the alterations in beta-cell responsiveness that occur in subjects with GCK mutations.
Considerations for the Programming of an Open-Loop Insulin Infusion Device from the Biostator Glucose Controller
Authors: F J Service, R A Rizza, R E Westland, L D Hall, R L Nelson, M W Haymond, A H Clemens, J E Gerich
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

To assess the feasibility of preprogramming an open-loop device with insulin flow rates generated by the Biostator Glucose Controller, comparisons were made in 10 juvenile-onset diabetic patients between meals of equal size and composition taken in the morning, at noon, and in the evening and a bedtime snack during a 24-h period of Biostator glucose control. Four additional diabetic patients had Biostator glucose control for 72 h. Similar amounts of insulin were infused for the meals taken at differing times of the day and, except for the morning meal, for the same meal on two successive days. The meal-related glycemic patterns expressed as mean indices of meal excursions (MIME) were similar for meals of identical size and composition during a single day and for the same meal taken on two consecutive days. Preliminary results using an open-loop device preprogrammed by the Biostator system, although encouraging, underscore the deficiency of the subcutaneous route viz. the delayed entry of insulin into the circulation in achieving normal glucose levels and patterns.
Treating our own
Authors: Philip Helliwell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

One advantage of being in the medical profession is that you can avoid the tedium and delays of seeing a doctor simply by hailing a colleague. Over the years I have been consulted by many members of the consultant staff and by many other professionals, medical and non-medical. A friend calls these “corridor consultations,” and he always feels a little compromised by them. As a dermatologist he is particularly vulnerable: surely, they think, he just needs to have a quick glance to identify the problem? The funny thing is that many of colleagues who approach you teach students the importance of a careful history and full examination before formulating a diagnosis and treatment plan. They would be horrified if you suggested that all they needed to do was have a quick glance at the problem and would rant on about Osler and Asher and the value of the clinical examination.

> I dread the words “I know you're not on duty” 

So, is it a question of “Do as I say, not as I do,” …
Congenital Absence of the Left Pericardium
Authors: WILLIAM K. NASSER, CHARLES HELMEN, MORTON E. TAVEL, HARVEY FEIGENBAUM, CHARLES FISCH
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Until the past decade, the diagnosis of congenital absence of the pericardium, partial or complete, had rarely been made prior to postmortem examination or thoracotomy. Since 1963, the condition has been recognized during life in six patients at this institution. Of these six patients, two had partial absence of the left pericardium and four had complete absence of the left pericardium. Characteristic roentgenologic findings were present in all six patients. Associated heart lesions were not present in either patient with a partial pericardial defect. Two of the remaining four had associated heart lesions. One patient had surgical repair of an atrial septal defect. Surgical repair of the pericardial defect was not attempted in any of the six patients. Hemodynamic determinations at rest were normal in all six patients. The two patients with partial pericardial defects, however, had elevation of the pulmonary artery and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures during mild exercise in the recumbent position which suggests that this type of defect is not totally innocuous. In view of the unusual and extreme cardiac mobility in this condition, it is conceivable that a portion of the heart could herniate and transiently incarcerate through the partial defect during exercise. It is suggested that partial pericardial defects may warrant surgical repair. Small defects or complete absence of the left pericardium, however, are apparently without lethal potential and do not require surgical intervention.
Propranolol Effects in Long-Term Hemodialysis Patients with Renin-Dependent Hypertension
Authors: A. LINDNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

We evaluated propranolol effects on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and erythrocyte production in nine chronically hemodialyzed and four nondialyzed patients with hypertension and high plasma renin concentrations. Propranolol, at a maximum daily dose of 240 mg, controlled blood pressure in 12 of the 13 patients. During propranolol treatment of dialyzed patients, mean blood pressure fell from 133 ± 1 to 113 ± 4 mm Hg (P < 0.005) and plasma renin activity from 3093 ± 423 to 689 ± 218 ng/dl · 3 h (P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in nondialyzed patients. In both groups hematocrit and red cell mass were unchanged, although ferrokinetic measurements suggested a decrease in erythropoiesis. Thus propranolol alone reduces blood pressure and renin activity in chronically dialyzed patients with hypertension and high renin concentrations. No hematologic complications or other side effects were observed. These findings suggest that propranolol may be an effective alternative to bilateral nephrectomy in the control of renin-dependent hypertension in selected patients.
Comparison of Three Different Diuretic Renal Scintigraphy Protocols in Patients With Dilated Upper Urinary Tracts
Authors: Şeyda Türkölmez, Tamer Atasever, Kadir Türkölmez, Orhan Gögüs
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Purpose: To compare 3 different diuretic renal scintigraphy protocols in patients with dilated upper urinary tract. Materials and Methods: Three diuresis renography protocols were performed in 22 adult patients (28 kidneys) with upper urinary tract dilatation. The diuretic was given 20 minutes after (F+20), at the same time as (F+0), and 15 minutes before (F−15) radionuclide administration. The mean age was 29.8 years (range, 18–43 years). The 3 protocols were identical, except for the time of injection of furosemide. The F+0 protocol could not be performed in 1 and F−15 in 2 of the patients. Each of the 3 protocols was performed for the rest of the patients. The results were classified as nonobstructive, equivocal, and obstructive according to the renogram images and curves. Results: None of the patients showed equivocal results in both F+0 and F−15 protocols. In the F+20 studies, 7 of the 28 kidneys were evaluated as equivocal. Of these, 5 kidneys showed nonobstructive and 2 kidneys revealed obstructive renogram patterns with the other 2 protocols (F+0 and F−15). Moreover, one kidney, which was evaluated as nonobstructive in the F+20 protocol, showed an obstructive pattern in both F+0 and F−15 protocols. All of the kidneys showing obstructive patterns in the F+20 study also revealed obstruction in the F+0 and F−15 investigations. We could not find any difference between the renogram patterns of F+0 and F-15 investigations. Conclusions: F+0 and F−15 protocols allow clarification in cases of equivocal F+20 studies. Because the F+0 study is more practical and shorter, we suggest the F+0 method when equivocal results are obtained by an F+20 study or as a single test when there is only one opportunity to confirm or exclude the presence of obstruction.
TCT-445 A Novel 4.5-Fr CoKatte Catheter Facilitating Stent Delivery in Complex Lesion in the Coronary Artery
Authors: Akihiko Takahashi, Norimasa Taniguchi, Tetsuya Hata, Takeshi Yamada, Yukio Mizuguchi, Shunsuke Nakajima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Inflammatory roles of P-selectin.
Authors: D E Lorant, M K Topham, R E Whatley, R P McEver, T M McIntyre, S M Prescott, G A Zimmerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) bind rapidly and reversibly to endothelial cells induced to express P-selectin, a glycoprotein that mediates adhesive intercellular interactions. In addition, PMNs adherent to endothelium expressing P-selectin demonstrate an intracellular Ca2+ transient, functionally up-regulate beta-2-integrins (CD11/CD18 glycoproteins), become polarized in shape, and are primed for enhanced degranulation when subsequently stimulated with chemotactic factors. However, P-selectin induces none of these responses directly when used alone, when incorporated into model membranes, or when expressed by transfected cells. The absence of direct activation of the PMNs is not due to competing antiinflammatory effects of P-selectin; instead, purified P-selectin and P-selectin in membranes support agonist-stimulated PMN responses. Furthermore, tethering of PMNs to endothelial surfaces by P-selectin is required for priming to occur efficiently, as shown by experiments with blocking monoclonal antibodies. The priming event is directly mediated by the signaling molecule, platelet-activating factor (PAF), and is inhibited by blocking the PAF receptor on PMNs. Thus, P-selectin and PAF are components of an adhesion and activation cascade, but have distinct roles: P-selectin tethers and captures the PMN, whereas PAF mediates juxtacrine activation. In vivo, selectins may facilitate interaction of target cells with membrane-bound molecules that send intercellular signals, in addition to mediating rolling of leukocytes and other adhesive functions.
Ollier Disease With Synchronous Multicentric Chondrosarcomas: Scintigraphic and Radiologic Demonstration
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Ollier disease is a nonhereditary dyschondroplasia usually diagnosed during early childhood. It is characterized by the presence of multiple enchondromas affecting predominantly limbs unilaterally or bilaterally. As this dysplasia progresses, there is an increased risk of malignant degeneration into chondrosarcoma. The author presents a rare case of synchronous multicentric chondrosarcomas arising from Ollier disease in a 19-year-old woman with bone scintigraphic, magnetic resonance, and radiologic correlation.
AUDITORY ACUITY AFTER REMOVAL OF THE ENTIRE RIGHT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE
Authors: C. C. Bunch
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Dr. Walter E. Dandy<sup>1</sup>has recently reported five cases in which the entire right cerebral hemisphere was removed for "the cure or attempted cure of invasive and otherwise incurable cerebral tumors." It is interesting to note that in three of these patients there was no evident mental impairment; they answered questions accurately and promptly, and showed no loss of memory. In all of the cases reported by Dr. Dandy, it was noted by gross test that the hearing was normal. Very careful tests of auditory function were made on one patient whose entire right cerebral hemisphere was removed on Oct. 25, 1927. November 29, the first attempt was made to test the hearing. It was found that she could hear and accurately repeat words whispered in each ear with the opposite ear masked. This test was repeated and verified on the following day. December 1, she heard in each ear the
Drop the "Dear Doctor" here
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2002)

I became a doctor when I was 23 after an enjoyable five years at university. I had travelled, met lots of interesting people, met lots of dull people, been to many wild parties, had great summer jobs, lived in dreadful flats, had stupid hair cuts, worn awful clothes, listened to depressing, angst ridden music, and generally had a bloody fantastic time. I had also worked hard on my studies. I was happy and proud. Like most of my friends I wrote to my bank to change the title on my bank card from Mr to Dr. I also began to use my title when making bookings over the phone and in certain other social situations.

At first it was quite fun and people thought “you're so young to be a doctor.” This lasted to about the …
l-Arginine administration recovers sarcoplasmic reticulum function in ischemic reperfused hearts by preventing calpain activation
Authors: P CHOHAN, R SINGH, N DHALLA, T NETTICADAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objective: Earlier studies have shown that impaired cardiac contractility in ischemia reperfusion (IR) is associated with alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function. Impaired release of nitric oxide (NO) has been reported during IR, while administration of NO donors, such as l-arginine (LA), has been shown to improve cardiac performance in IR hearts. We therefore investigated the mechanisms underlying the recovery of contractile function in IR hearts treated with LA. Methods: Isolated rat hearts subjected to 30 min of global ischemia were reperfused for 60 min. The effects of LA on cardiac performance, SR function and its regulation were examined. Results: IR-induced impairment in cardiac performance was associated with a reduction in SR function and its regulation. IR caused an increase in calpain activity and a decrease in the sarcolemmal and SR nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoform protein content as well as cytosolic NO levels. Administration of LA prevented contractile dysfunction in IR hearts, which was associated with a recovery of SR function and SR regulation by protein phosphorylation. This was consistent with a recovery in protein levels of major SR Ca2+-cycling and Ca2+-regulatory proteins. LA treatment attenuated an increase in calpain activity, possibly by nitrosylation of calpain, and increased cytosolic NO levels and SR NOS protein content in IR hearts. Discussion: These results suggest that LA administration improved cardiac contractility by preventing alterations in SR Ca2+ handling and calpain activation in IR hearts.
Inflammatory bowel disease in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: M. I. V. Jayson, P. R. Salmon, W. J. Harrison
Journal: Gut (1970)

Routine detailed gastroenterological investigations were performed in a series of 47 ankylosing spondylitics. Evidence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease was found in eight patients, a prevalence of 17%. Unsuspected bowel disease was found in the absence of symptoms in three of these patients.
Expression of the 1918 Influenza A Virus PB1-F2 Enhances the Pathogenesis of Viral and Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Julie L. McAuley, Felicita Hornung, Kelli L. Boyd, Amber M. Smith, Raelene McKeon, Jack Bennink, Jonathan W. Yewdell, Jonathan A. McCullers
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2007)
Points: Give cyclists room to move
Authors: C S Good, L R Moore
Journal: BMJ (1982)

August, p 444) the treatment with adrenaline referred to in the 17th edition of Manson's Tropical Diseases for cerebral malaria dates from the days when quinine was the only drug used in the treat- ment of severe falciparum malaria before the days of 4'amino-quinolines.Its value was based on hearsay and practice in conditions away from laboratory facilities.After the war quinine was no longer used, but with the appearance of chloroquine-resistant malaria rapidly assumed its former value.The more modern assessments of the results of traditional treatments and the general use of quinine by intravenous infusion, which has removed the danger of hypotensive collapse, have led to a reassessment of the practice.
RABBIT POX
Authors: Harry S. N. Greene
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

The clinical manifestations and course of a highly contagious and acutely fatal disease designated as rabbit pox have been described. The general symptomatology of this infection varies within wide limits and accurate diagnosis rests on the occurrence of certain characteristic lesions. The most distinctive sign of infection is a pock-like eruption which is often outspoken and widespread over the body, but is sometimes poorly defined and detectable only after careful physical examination. Other lesions depend upon the involvement of particular organs and give rise to special symptoms. As a rule, the incubation period of the epidemic infection varies between 5 and 7 days. No evidence of the transmission of the infection by recovered animals could be obtained. Furthermore, breeding tests demonstrated that the reproductive capacities of most animals were not permanently impaired.
Plagiarism detection service to be launched in June
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Editors of scientific journals will soon have a new weapon at their disposal in the fight against research misconduct, delegates at the annual meeting of the Committee on Publication Ethics, held in London last week, were told.

Scheduled for launch in June, researchers and editorial staff will be able to access CrossCheck, a plagiarism detection service, offered by the independent publishers’ membership association CrossRef.

CrossRef is a collaborative reference linking service that functions as a sort of digital switchboard for articles from several hundred scholarly and professional publishers. Each item has …
Portrait of Pablo Picasso
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Evaluation of Undiluted N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate in the Endoscopic Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Varices
Authors: N. D'Imperio, A. Piemontese, D. Baroncini, P. Billi, D. Borioni, P. P. Dal Monte, P. Borrello
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Endoscopic obliteration of upper gastrointestinal tract varices using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate has been proposed by some authors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prospectively the efficacy and safety of this technique, using the undiluted substance, in obtaining hemostasis of bleeding upper gastrointestinal tract varices, as well as definitive eradication of varices located in the gastric fundus and duodenum.We carried out variceal injections of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in 80 patients (51 males, 29 females, mean age 68 years, range 19-80) with upper gastrointestinal tract varices. In 24 patients, the varices were located in the esophagus, in 54 in the gastric fundus, and in the remaining two they were in the duodenum. Forty-eight patients were treated for active variceal bleeding, and the other 32 were treated electively.Hemostasis was achieved in 43 of the 48 patients (89.6%) treated for active variceal bleeding. Eradication was obtained in 49 of the 56 patients (87.5%) with gastric or duodenal varices. Overall complications occurred in 11 patients (10.4%). In two patients, embolization was found, and in a further two patients it was clinically suspected, but could not be proved. Ten patients (12.5%) died during the treatment period, six due to uncontrolled bleeding, two due to rebleeding, and two due to liver failure.Endoscopic injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate appears to be both safe and effective in the treatment of bleeding gastrointestinal tract varices. The relative value of the undiluted substance versus the diluted one should be further evaluated.