tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Complete Mitochondrial Sequence of Tarsius bancanus: Evidence for an Extensive Nucleotide Compositional Plasticity of Primate Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Jürgen Schmitz, Martina Ohme, Hans Zischler
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Inconsistencies between phylogenetic interpretations obtained from independent sources of molecular data occasionally hamper the recovery of the true evolutionary history of certain taxa. One prominent example concerns the primate infraordinal relationships. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear DNA sequences traditionally represent Tarsius as a sister group to anthropoids. In contrast, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data only marginally support this affiliation or even exclude Tarsius from primates. Two possible scenarios might cause this conflict: a period of adaptive molecular evolution or a shift in the nucleotide composition of higher primate mtDNAs through directional mutation pressure. To test these options, the entire mt genome of Tarsius bancanus was sequenced and compared with mtDNA of representatives of all major primate groups and mammals. Phylogenetic reconstructions at both the amino acid (AA) and DNA level of the protein-coding genes led to faulty tree topologies depending on the algorithms used for reconstruction. We propose that these artifactual affiliations rather reflect the nucleotide compositional similarity than phylogenetic relatedness and favor the directional mutation pressure hypothesis because: (1) the overall nucleotide composition changes dramatically on the lineage leading to higher primates at both silent and nonsilent sites, and (2) a highly significant correlation exists between codon usage and the nucleotide composition at the third, silent codon position. Comparisons of mt genes with mt pseudogenes that presumably transferred to the nucleus before the directional mutation pressure took place indicate that the ancestral DNA composition is retained in the relatively fossilized mtDNA-like sequences, and that the directed acceleration of the substitution rate in higher primates is restricted to mtDNA.
Analysis and interpretation of inorganic mineral particles in "lung" tissues.
Authors: A R Gibbs, F D Pooley
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Mineral analysis of tissue specimens has provided very useful information in pathological conditions associated with occupational exposures to mineral particles, particularly when combined with epidemiological information. Most of the data have been related to exposures to fibrous particles such as asbestos. More investigations of this nature are required in diseases associated with exposure to non-fibrous particles. In the future it is likely that these types of investigation will be extended into the effects of pollutants.
Recurring Spontaneous Dislocation of the Shoulder-joint treated by an Appliance
Authors: E. Coplans
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICAL MEMORANDABRMEisLO rough and wrinkled.On nutrient agar, button-like colonies, with flat rims and central crater-like depressions, developed.Growth on 5% glycerin agar was first of the mucoid type, but after four days developed the typical corruigated form of Pfeifgerella whitmori.Fermented lactose, glucose, mannite, dulcite, and dextrin, with production of acid but no gas.Liquefied gelatin.Milk clotted in four days.Indole-negative.Animal Inoculation.-Anadult male guinea-pig inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml. of a faintly opalescent saline suspension of the organism developed the typical ' Strauss "' reaction after 36 hours and died in 48 hours.Post-mortem examination of the animal disclosed both testes swollen and haemorrhagic, and some turbid fluid in the sac of the tunica vaginalis.Numerous miliary nodules were observed in the spleen, in the omentuim, on the peritoneal surface of the bowel, and in the lungs.There was a large amount of free turbid fluid in the peritoneal cavity.The organism was recovered in pure culture from the heart's blood and from the lesions in the spleen.
EVENING VERSUS MORNING DOSING OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH SLEEP APNEA: A CROSS-OVER STUDY
Authors: Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Alexandros Kasiakogias, Konstantinos Kintis, Ioannis Andrikou, Anastasia Mazaraki, Lefki Nikolopoulou, Evagelia Koutra, Panagiota Valenti, Bogianka Kostantinova-Gaki, Ioannis Kallikazaros, Christodoulos I. Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
S100A1 GENETICALLY TARGETED THERAPY REVERSES DYSFUNCTION OF HUMAN FAILING MYOCARDIUM
Authors: Henriette L. Brinks, David Rohde, Mirko Voelkers, Gang Qiu, Sven T. Pleger, Nicole Herzog, Joseph Rabinowitz, Arjang Ruhparwar, Scott Silvestry, Carolin Kraus, Paul Mather, Hugo A. Katus, Walter J. Koch, Patrick Most
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Coma and brain stem areflexia in brain stem encephalitis (Fisher's syndrome).
Authors: A S Al-Din, A S Jamil, R Shakir
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The assessment of brain stem function in comatose patients is now regular medical practice world wide.When envisaging a diagnosis of brain stem death it is essential, firstly, to establish that the patient is suffering from irremediable structural brain damage of known cause, and, secondly, to exclude the primary or contributory role of reversible causes of apnoeic coma with absent brain stem reflexes.Such causes include drug intoxication, hypothermia, and metabolic and endocrine disturbances.Brain stem encephalitis (Bickerstaff's encephalitis, Miller Fisher syndrome) is characterised by acute ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia.47In unusually severe cases the patient may be comatose and apnoeic and there may be complete paralysis of the motor functions of the cranial nerves.6We describe three patients with this condition in whom brain stem areflexia was associated with apnoeic coma.None of them met the first precondition for a diagnosis ofbrain stem death, emphasising the importance of the necessary preconditions for making such a diagnosis. Case reports CASE 1A 56 year old man presented with generalised aches and pains for three weeks, associated with tingling and numbness of the fingertips.By the third week he had become increasingly drowsy and then comatose and had to be ventilated.He was normotensive, had no signs of meningeal irritation, and there was no papilloedema.In the first 12 hours he was comatose and apnoeic with fixed dilated pupils and absent corneal, oculocephalic, oculovestibular, and gag reflexes.The deep tendon reflexes were absent.At 24 hours examination was the same except for the development of shallow respiratory efforts.Five days later he was drowsy but could be roused, with complete internal and external ophthalmoplegia, bilateral facial weakness, tendon areflexia, and normal plantar responses.It was clear later that he had no motor or sensory disturbances in the limbs but had gross limb and truncal ataxia.Electroencephalography performed on the third day showed bilateral delta activity.The cerebrospinal fluid contained 64 lymphocytes/I,u with normal protein content.Computed tomography of the head showed a low density area in the left occipital lobe, which was thought to be unrelated to his current problem.By the third week he was fully conscious, and further improvement continued so that he had returned to normal four months later.
Undergraduate Education in the Medical Specialties: The Case of Neurology
Authors: Matthew Menken, Cecil G. Sheps
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Traditionally, the purpose of undergraduate education at virtually all medical schools has been to prepare students to enter practice immediately after graduation. Early in this century, a rotating internship was added as a requirement. It was not until the 1950s that virtually all graduates were expected to complete a residency in a specialty of medicine before they went into practice. This requirement radically altered the task of undergraduate medical education. Its purpose now is to provide students with a foundation that will prepare them for entry into medicine through postgraduate education in one of an increasing number of specialties.Since . . .
Pancreas Abscess: A Fatal Complication of Endoscopic Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Authors: A. Tseng, D. Sales, D. Simonowitz, W. Enker
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a popular and extremely useful technique for investigating the pancreatico-biliary tree. While the mortality is low, rare complications i.e., pancreatic abscess, may prove lethal. Surgical backup must be available to obviate recognized complications following ERCP.
Adenovirus expression of IL-1 and NF-κB inhibitors does not inhibit acute adenoviral-induced brain inflammation, but delays immune system-mediated elimination of transgene expression
Authors: Daniel Stone, Weidong Xiong, Judith C Williams, Anne David, Pedro R Lowenstein, Maria G Castro
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Despite their ability to provide long-term transgene expression in the central nervous system of naïve hosts, the use of first-generation adenovirus (Ad) vectors for the treatment of chronic neurological disorders is limited by peripheral immunization, which stimulates anti-adenovirus immune responses and causes severe inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and elimination of transgene expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of NF-kappaB and interleukin-1 (IL-1) during inflammatory responses to Ads in the CNS of naïve and preimmunized rats. We assessed activation of macrophages/microglia, up-regulation of MHC I expression, infiltration of leukocytes, and transgene expression following delivery of Ads to the rat striatum. After delivery of increasing doses of adenoviral vectors expressing various anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., NF-kappaB or IL-1 inhibitors) to naïve rats, no reduction in Ad-mediated CNS inflammation was seen 1 week after delivery of Ads, compared to a control Ad.hCMV.beta-galactosidase (RAd.35) virus. We then assessed CNS inflammation and transgene expression at a time when control transgene expression would be completely eliminated, i.e., 1 month post-vector injection into the brain. This would optimize the assessment of an anti-inflammatory agent expressed by an adenoviral vector that could either delay or diminish immune system-mediated elimination of transgene expression. As expected, at 1 month postinfection, control preimmunized rats receiving Ad.mCMV.beta-galactosidase (RAd.36)/saline or RAd.36/Ad.null (RAd.0) showed complete elimination of beta-galactosidase expression in the brain and levels of inflammation comparable to those of naïve animals. However, animals injected with RAd.36 in combination with Ads expressing NF-kappaB or IL-1 inhibitors showed a delayed elimination of beta-galactosidase compared to controls. As predicted, the extended presence of transgene expression was accompanied by increased levels of CNS inflammation. This suggests that blocking NF-kappaB or IL-1 delays, albeit partially, transgene elimination in the presence of a preexisting systemic immune response. Prolonged transgene expression is predicted to extend concurrent brain inflammation, as noted earlier. Taken together these data demonstrate a role for NF-kappaB and IL-1 in immune system-mediated elimination of Ad-mediated CNS transgene expression.
A multicenter study on the effects of lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol™) and calcium carbonate on renal bone disease in dialysis patients
Authors: Patrick C. D'Haese, Goce B. Spasovski, Aleksander Sikole, Alastair Hutchison, Tony J. Freemont, Sylvie Sulkova, Charles Swanepoel, Svetlana Pejanovic, Llubica Djukanovic, Alessandro Balducci, Giorgio Coen, Waldysaw Sulowicz, Anibal Ferreira, Armando Torres, Slobodan Curic, Milan Popovic, Nada Dimkovic, Marc E. De Broe
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Genomic Inheritances: Disclosing Individual Research Results From Whole-Exome Sequencing to Deceased Participants’ Relatives”
Authors: Sara Chandros Hull, Ben Chan, Leslie G. Biesecker, Benjamin E. Berkman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

"Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Genomic Inheritances: Disclosing Individual Research Results From Whole-Exome Sequencing to Deceased Participants’ Relatives”." The American Journal of Bioethics, 12(12), pp. W9–W10 Acknowledgments This article is not subject to US Copyright Law.This correspondence piece is a response to the Open Peer Commentaries on “Genomic Inheritances: Disclosing Individual Research Results From Whole-Exome Sequencing to Deceased Participants’ Relatives,” by Ben Chan, Flavia M. Facio, Haley Eidem, Sara Chandros Hull, Leslie G. Biesecker, and Benjamin E. Berkman, which appeared in American Journal of Bioethics 12(10), pp. 1–8.
Arthritis and Collagenous Colitis
Authors: James M. Sowa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 August 1994Arthritis and Collagenous ColitisJames M. Sowa, MDJames M. Sowa, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Castanet and colleagues [1] described a patient with collagenous colitis, discoid lupus, and nonerosive seronegative inflammatory polyarthritis. Although the arthritis was symmetric and involved the metacarpals, all other joints (elbows, shoulders, and knees) were large. It is conceivable that this patient had an enteropathic arthritis associated with collagenous colitis, as described by Roubenoff and colleagues [2].The authors cite Giardiello and associates [3], yet none of their seven patients had arthritis (although three had antinuclear antibodies, and one also had rheumatoid factor). Similarly, none of the six patients of Kingham and colleagues [4] had a rheumatic disease. ...References1. Castanet J, Lacour JP, Ortonne JP. Arthritis, collagenous colitis, and discoid lupus (Letter). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:89-90. Google Scholar2. Roubenoff R, Ratain J, Giardiello F, Hochberg M, Bias W, Lazenby A, et al. Collagenous colitis, enteropathic arthritis and autoimmune diseases: results of a patient survey. J Rheumatol. 1989; 16:1229-32. Google Scholar3. Giardiello FM, Bayless TM, Jessurun J, Hamilton SR, Yardley JH. Collagenous colitis: physiologic and histopathologic studies in seven patients. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 106:46-9. Google Scholar4. Kingham JG, Levison DA, Morson BC, Dawson AM. Collagenous colitis. Gut. 1986; 27:570-7. Google Scholar5. Farah DA, Mills PR, Lee FD, McLay A, Russell RI. Collagenous colitis: possible response to sulfasalazine and local steroid therapy. Gastroenterology. 1985; 88:792-7. Google Scholar6. Lavabre C, Clerc D, Durandin M, Berge E, Bisson M. Rheumatoid arthritis and collagenous colitis. Report of a case (Letter). Rev Rhum. 1993; 60:225-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James M. Sowa, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMicroscopic colitis with giant cells: a clinico-pathological review of 11 cases and comparison with microscopic colitis without giant cellsCollagenous colitis and spondylarthropathyReview article: drug-induced microscopic colitis - proposal for a scoring system and review of the literatureMechanism of diarrhea in microscopic colitisCollagenous colitis 1 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 3Page: 237KeywordsArthritisColitisCollagen diseasesKneesRheumatoid arthritisSalicylatesSclerodermaShouldersToxicityToxins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Radionuclide Brain Imaging in Cerebral Cysticercosis
Authors: HA YONG YUM, U YUN RYO, DUSHYANT PATEL, STEVEN M. PINSKY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Cerebral blood flow studies and brain imaging performed on a middle-aged Mexican man showed decreased arterial flow to the right hemisphere and decreased radioactivity in the right front-parietal region with a crescent area of increased activity in the parieto-temporal region. The scintigraphic findings were compatible with a large cystic lesion in the right parieto-frontal area. Computerized axial tomography revealed multiple mass lesions of decreased density in the right frontal, perietal and temporal regions. A large cyst and several small cysts were removed surgically, and the pathologic findings indicated cerebral cysticercosis. This is the first reported case of radionuclide imaging in cerebral cysticercosis and suggests that cerebral cysticercosis be included in the differential diagnoses in patients who are from regions in which this disease is endemic.
Quantitative <i>In Vivo</i> Immunohistochemistry of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Using a Receptor Concentration Imaging Approach
Authors: Kimberley S. Samkoe, Kenneth M. Tichauer, Jason R. Gunn, Wendy A. Wells, Tayyaba Hasan, Brian W. Pogue
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

As receptor-targeted therapeutics become increasingly used in clinical oncology, the ability to quantify protein expression and pharmacokinetics in vivo is imperative to ensure successful individualized treatment plans. Current standards for receptor analysis are performed on extracted tissues. These measurements are static and often physiologically irrelevant; therefore, only a partial picture of available receptors for drug targeting in vivo is provided. Until recently, in vivo measurements were limited by the inability to separate delivery, binding, and retention effects, but this can be circumvented by a dual-tracer approach for referencing the detected signal. We hypothesized that in vivo receptor concentration imaging (RCI) would be superior to ex vivo immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using multiple xenograft tumor models with varying EGFR expression, we determined the EGFR concentration in each model using a novel targeted agent (anti-EGFR affibody-IRDye800CW conjugate) along with a simultaneously delivered reference agent (control affibody-IRDye680RD conjugate). The RCI-calculated in vivo receptor concentration was strongly correlated with ex vivo pathologist-scored IHC and computer-quantified ex vivo immunofluorescence. In contrast, no correlation was observed with ex vivo Western blot analysis or in vitro flow-cytometry assays. Overall, our results argue that in vivo RCI provides a robust measure of receptor expression equivalent to ex vivo immunostaining, with implications for use in noninvasive monitoring of therapy or therapeutic guidance during surgery.
Bleeding Birth of a Gallstone from a Hanging Papilla of Vater
Authors: G. Balldin, J. Cronstedt
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

A case of major gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to the passage of a gallstone from a 20 mm long, hanging papilla of Vater is presented. An upper digestive endoscopy revealed the stone in the very process of expulsion from the papilla into the duodenum in which fresh blood was seen. Bleeding stopped a few days afterwards. Follow-up endoscopic and radiological examinations of the gastrointestinal tract disclosed no other potential source of bleeding.
Nasal provocation tests with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae*1
Authors: A. Ferrer, C. Andreu, M. Casanovas, V. Iraola, J. Carnes, E. Fernandez-Caldas
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Abstract LB-153: The helicase antigen (HAGE) promotes tumor cell proliferation via up-regulation of Ras protein signalling.
Authors: Stephanie E.B. McArdle, Adam A.J Linley, Morgan M.G Mathieu, Amanda A.K Miles, Tarik Regad, Robert C. Rees
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The discovery of cancer/testis (CT) antigens heralded a resurgence in interest in cancer immunotherapy. However, to date, therapy designed to target CT antigens in a variety of different tumours has had limited success and the function of these antigens remains for many still not completely understood. We believe that a better understanding of what possible processes CT antigens are involved in would help in the creation of additional treatment methods. The helicase antigen (HAGE) in a non-X-linked CT antigen shown to be expressed by a variety of tumours including melanoma, head and neck carcinoma and haematological cancers. It is classified as belonging to the DEAD-box family of RNA helicases, which are predicted to have roles in RNA metabolism including transcription, splicing, ribosome biogenesis and translation. These, along with tumour-restricted expression imply a definitive role in malignant cells. Here, we present data that strongly suggests a role for HAGE in promoting tumour cell line proliferation via increased Akt and Erk activation by increasing Ras protein expression. This work was funded by the John and Lucille van Geest Foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-153. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-153
Abstract 1388: Biological role of novel NQO2 inhibitors in cancer therapeutics
Authors: Elham Santina, Amy Chadwick, Soraya A. Nabulsi, Sally Freeman, Constantinos Demonacos, Ian Stratford
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: NRH: quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2), is a cytosolic flavoprotein that catalyses the two-electron reduction of quinones into hydroquinones. The physiological role of NQO2 in cancer biology is still not well understood. Some studies have suggested that inhibiting NQO2 could have a great potential in chemoprevention. This is based on the observation that NQO2 gene knockdown promotes protection against the toxicity of quinones such as menadione. Aim: To evaluate the biological role of novel NQO2 inhibitors in cancer therapeutics. Novel inhibitors will be used as pharmacological tools to study the physiological role of NQO2 in cancer cells, and to identify the consequences of inhibiting NQO2 on the tumor microenvironment. Methods: Novel compounds with diverse structures have been tested for their inhibition of NQO2 enzymatic activity in a cell-free system using a pure enzyme assay. The functional activity of these compounds as NQO2 inhibitors in the MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells was also assessed. The effect of these inhibitors on the cellular proliferation of MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells was tested using an MTT assay. Off-target (DNA binding) effects were analyzed by measuring the DNA thermal temperature. Moreover, the effect of these inhibitors on modulating TNFα-mediated NF-kB transcriptional activity was tested and the mechanism behind this modulation was also examined. Results: The novel inhibitors tested resulted in the inhibition of NQO2 activity in the cell free and the cellular system at nano-molar concentrations .Inhibition of MDA-MB 231 cell proliferation was also witnessed at low micro-molar concentrations. The inhibitors also displayed no DNA binding ability. In addition, the inhibitors were able to attenuate TNFα-mediated NF-kB transcriptional activity by blocking the phosphorylation of IkBα. This has resulted in the suppression of cell growth and promotion of cell apoptosis. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated novel potent inhibitors of NQO2 that are functionally active in the cells at nano-molar concentrations. The effect of the inhibitors on TNFα-mediated NF-kB transcriptional activity raises the possibility that inhibiting NQO2 could modulate the tumor micro-environmental factors, such as metastasis and angiogenesis. Citation Format: Elham Santina, Amy Chadwick, Soraya Al Nabulsi, Sally Freeman, Constantinos Demonacos, Ian Stratford. Biological role of novel NQO2 inhibitors in cancer therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1388. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1388