tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Successful Treatment of an Intrarenal Arteriovenous Fistula by Percutaneous Embolization
Authors: Janos Winkler
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A 37-year-old woman patient, known to have poorly controlled arterial hypertension that was diagnosed following a cerebrovascular accident at the age of 15 years, was referred to our outpatient clinic for investigation in 1987. An intrarenal arteriovenous fistula was diagnosed by selective renal angiography. Embolization of the fistula was performed using four 15-mm/5-cm coils, which induced thrombosis and obstructed the fistula. The vascularization of the affected kidney improved immediately. During the following 4 months, the antihypertensive treatment was stopped gradually, and the patient remained normotensive. This is an unusual case of a large intrarenal arteriovenous fistula, whose etiology was not clear, that was successfully treated by percutaneous embolization. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:631-632)
The Impact of a Drug Information Sheet on the Understanding and Attitude of Patients About Drugs
Authors: Michael W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A proposed Food and Drug Administration program to require written information with prescription drugs could cost $500 million annually; the American Medical Association has implemented a similar, voluntary program costing more than $3 million. However, the educational impact of written drug information has not been studied. We evaluated one-page drug information sheets using an objective examination. The baseline score of 71 patients was 3.9 of 6.0. Patients tested before and one day after receiving the drug sheet improved their score by +1.4. In the second phase, patients randomized to receive the drug sheet improved their score after one month by +1.1; those not given the sheet had no improvement. Changes in attitudes and incidence of reported adverse effects seemed to be random and unrelated to the information sheet. Thus, a drug information sheet may be a useful adjunct to patient education.The educational value of drug information sheets was studied by the authors, who employed specially designed one-page medication sheets on digoxin and propranolol hydrochloride, on hospital patients and outpatients taking one or both drugs. Some patients were tested on their knowledge about their medications before and after reading the information sheets, some were tested only after reading the sheets, and some were tested and retested without access to the sheets. The scores of the patients who had read the sheets were higher than those of the patients who had not. The authors conclude that the sheets can yield a small but significant improvement in patients' understanding of the drugs they take, and that a drug information sheet "may be a useful adjunct" to a physician-initiated discussion about medication.
Age at death from cystic fibrosis: Author's reply
Authors: J. Britton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

babies have?Emery has suggested that these babies may have been more likely to have been admitted to a special care baby unit, where they will usually have been placed prone.6My recently born first child (boy, born in winter, of low birth weight) was placed supine bearing in mind our own work on sleeping position and the risk associated with these other characteristics.A few weeks later, however, he had an acute upper respiratory tract infection which he could sleep through only if placed prone.He has had another infection since then and is currently in the throes of his third.On each occasion he could comfortably sleep only in the prone position and he always sleeps prone now.I note that the only two control babies in the Hong Kong study who were normally placed supine were in hospital.Is the reason that some Chinese families break an almost universal cultural norm and place their babies prone to do with the fact that those babies have acute upper respiratory tract infections or other conditions which might make sleeping supine difficult-and is this the "cause" of their increased risk of cot death rather than the sleeping position itself?
Evaluation of the accuracy of a new semiautomatic 3-D program (PMAP) by quantifying right ventricular volume using real-time 3-D imaging: studies in an in vitro model duplicating human RV anatomy
Authors: Lisette S.L. Oei, Sebastian T. Schindera, Xiaokui Li, Petra S. Mehwald, Johnny Kuo, John Castellucci, Olaf T. von Ramm, Deniz Kececioglu, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Mutations in VIPAR cause an arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction and cholestasis syndrome phenotype with defects in epithelial polarization
Authors: Andrew R Cullinane, Anna Straatman-Iwanowska, Andreas Zaucker, Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi, Christopher K Bruce, Guanmei Luo, Fatimah Rahman, Figen Gürakan, Eda Utine, Tanju B Özkan, Jonas Denecke, Jurica Vukovic, Maja Di Rocco, Hanna Mandel, Hakan Cangul, Randolph P Matthews, Steve G Thomas, Joshua Z Rappoport, Irwin M Arias, Hartwig Wolburg, A S Knisely, Deirdre A Kelly, Ferenc Müller, Eamonn R Maher, Paul Gissen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Noninvasive Creation of an Atrial Septal Defect by Histotripsy in a Canine Model
Authors: Zhen Xu, Gabe Owens, David Gordon, Charles Cain, Achi Ludomirsky
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— The primary objective of this study was to develop an image-guided, noninvasive procedure to create or enlarge an atrial septal defect for the treatment of neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and an intact or restrictive atrial septum. Histotripsy is an innovative ultrasonic technique that produces nonthermal, mechanical tissue fractionation through the use of high-intensity ultrasound pulses. This article reports the pilot in vivo study to create an atrial septal defect through the use of extracardiac application of histotripsy in an open-chest canine model. Methods and Results— In 10 canines, the atrial septum was exposed to histotripsy by an ultrasound transducer positioned outside the heart. Ultrasound pulses of 6-microsecond duration at a peak negative pressure of 15 MPa and a pulse repetition frequency of 3.3 kHz were generated by a 1-MHz focused transducer. The procedure was guided and monitored by real-time ultrasound imaging. In 9 of 10 canines, an atrial septal defect was produced, and shunting across the atrial septum was visualized. Pathology of the hearts showed atrial septal defects with minimal damage to surrounding tissue. No damage was found on the epicardial surface of the heart or other structures. Conclusions— Under real-time ultrasound guidance, atrial septal defects were successfully created with extracardiac histotripsy in a live canine model. Although further studies in an intact animal model are needed, these results provide promise of histotripsy becoming a valuable clinical tool.
Technology Assessment: Differing Perspectives
Authors: Nancy Cahill
Journal: JAMA (1984)

As a concept, the term<i>medical technology assessment</i><sup>*</sup>is interpreted differently by different intellectual disciplines. To the physician, the essence of medical technology assessment is the focus on the clinical safety and efficacy of drugs, medical devices, and technical procedures; medicine's raison d'être is improved patient care and enhanced quality of patients' lives. In contrast, an economist's assessment of medical technology will use that discipline's evaluation tools, which include an emphasis on a variety of cost-accounting approaches. These have the very real potential to create conflict in a variety of areas central to the practice of medicine. Where the generally accepted medical credo strives for the greatest good for the individual patient, the new economic imperative calls for "the greatest good for the greatest number," within clearly defined limits on available resources. This can readily create a "cost"<i>v</i>"access and quality" imbalance, and some patients may pay dearly. One
C5a anaphylatoxin is a major regulator of activating versus inhibitory FcγRs in immune complex–induced lung disease
Authors: Nelli Shushakova, Julia Skokowa, Jurriaan Schulman, Ulrich Baumann, Jörg Zwirner, Reinhold E. Schmidt, J. Engelbert Gessner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

IgG Fc receptors (FcγRs, especially FcγRIII) and complement (in particular, C5a anaphylatoxin) are critical effectors of the acute inflammatory response to immune complexes (ICs). However, it is unknown whether and how these two key components can interact with each other in vivo. We use here a mouse model of the acute pulmonary IC hypersensitivity reaction to analyze their potential interaction. FcγRIII and C5aR are coexpressed on alveolar macrophages (AMs), and both FcγRIII and C5aR mutant mice display impaired immune responses. We find that recombinant human C5a (rhC5a) can control inverse expression of various FcγRs, and costimulation of ICs with rhC5a results in strong enhancement of FcγRIII-triggered cellular activation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we show here that early IC-induced bioactive C5a, and its interaction with C5aR, causes induction of activating FcγRIII and suppression of inhibitory FcγRII on AMs that appears crucial for efficient cytokine production and neutrophil recruitment in lung pathology. Therefore, C5a, which is a potent chemoattractant, has a broader critical function in regulating the inhibitory/activating FcγRII/III receptor pair to connect complement and FcγR effector pathways in immune inflammation.
The pathogenesis of post-obstructive diuresis. The role of circulating natriuretic and diuretic factors, including urea.
Authors: R H Harris, W E Yarger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

To investigate the pathogenesis of post-obstructive diuresis, a state of functional "anuria" during ureteral obstruction was created in awake rats by (a) bilateral obstruction (BO); (b) unilateral obstruction and contralateral nephrectomy (UO-Nx); or (c) unilateral obstruction and continuous i.v. reinfusion of urine from the intact contralateral kidney (UO-reinf). These groups were compared with unilaterally obstructed (UO) and sham-operated control (sham) rats. After release of obstruction of 24 h duration, mean urine flows (V) and sodium excretion rates (UNaV) were significantly elevated above those of sham rats in BO, UO-Nx, and UO-reinf animals, but slightly decreased in UO rats. Glomerular filtration rates were comparably depressed in UO, BO, UO-Nx, and UO-reinf rats. These results suggest that post-obstructive diuresis is due to one or more circulating diuretic factors that are normally excreted in the urine, and which, when retained )as in BO or UO-Nx rats) or returned to the circulation (as in UO-reinf rats), exert a diuretic affect. In additional experiments, UO rats infused with urea exhibited post-obstructive diuresis, if extracellular volume contraction was prevented. This result suggests that urea may be an important diuretic factor in post-obstructive diuresis, but does not exclude possible roles for other humoral factors. The intact kidney of UO-reinf rats displayed a massive unilateral diuresis and natriuresis, further suggesting the presence of potent diuretic factors in the urine. A marked increase in the fractional excretion of glomerular filtrate (V/GFR) by the intact kidney suggests that this diuresis may be attributable, in part, to impaired proximal reabsorption.
Protein metabolism in insulin-treated gestational diabetes.
Authors: N F Butte, H W Hsu, M Thotathuchery, W W Wong, J Khoury, P Reeds
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To test the hypothesis that protein metabolism is not totally normalized in insulin treated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients compared with normal, pregnant control subjects.Protein metabolism in eight Hispanic women with insulin-treated GDM and eight healthy Hispanic control women was studied in late gestation and at 6 weeks postpartum. Nitrogen flux was assessed from the disposal rate of [15N]-labeled urea over 12 h after a dose of [15N]-labeled leucine. Plasma amino acid concentrations were determined in fasting and 2-h postprandial samples using an amino acid analyzer.Protein turnover was normalized in insulin-treated GDM; however, fasting and postprandial plasma amino acids were elevated antepartum and postpartum. Nitrogen flux was significantly lower during pregnancy (P = 0.04-0.001) and did not differ between groups. Fasting and postprandial plasma amino acids were elevated in GDM antepartum and postpartum, despite satisfactory glycemic control. Fasting levels of taurine, hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, glutamine, cystine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and histidine were higher in GDM antepartum and postpartum (P < 0.05). Postprandial concentrations of taurine, hydroxyproline, valine, cystine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, ornithine, lysine, histidine, and arginine were higher in GDM antepartum and postpartum (P < 0.05). With few exceptions, plasma amino acid concentrations were lower antepartum than postpartum (P < 0.05).Protein turnover was normalized in insulin-treated women with GDM; however, fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of amino acids were elevated in the antepartum and postpartum periods, despite satisfactory maternal glycemic control.
Endotherapy including temporary stenting of fistulas of the upper gastrointestinal tract after laparoscopic bariatric surgery
Authors: P. Eisendrath, M. Cremer, J. Himpens, G.-B. Cadière, O. Le Moine, J. Devière
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Reoperations for complications of bariatric surgery are associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is not known whether endoscopic treatment may reduce reoperation rates.Twenty-one patients underwent endoscopic treatment for persisting large anastomotic leaks before considering redo surgery. Eight patients had a gastric bypass, eight had a sleeve gastrectomy combined with a duodenal switch (SDS), four had a sleeve gastrectomy alone, and one had a Scopinaro procedure (biliopancreatic diversion). Fistulas were gastrocutaneous in 15 patients, duodenocutaneous in 2, gastroperitoneal in 3, and gastrobronchial in 1. Partially covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) were used, followed by additional endoscopic procedures if the SEMS failed. SEMSs were removed by traction alone or by insertion of a self-expanding plastic stent (SEPS) followed by extraction of both stents together.SEMS insertion led to 62 % (13/21) primary closures. Complementary endoscopic treatment led to 4 secondary closures. Total success rate was 81 % (17/21). Three patients in whom SEMSs failed underwent reoperation but died during postoperative follow-up; one patient died from pulmonary embolism before SEMS extraction. The success rates of endotherapy were 100 % (8/8) in the gastric bypass group, 62.5 % (5/8) in the SDS group, 75 % (3/4) in the sleeve gastrectomy group, and 100 % (1/1) for the Scopinaro procedure. Gastrocutaneous fistulas on sleeve sutures were successfully treated in 60 % of cases (6/10), while other anastomotic fistulas were successfully treated in 100 % of cases (11/11) ( P = 0.0351).Endoscopic treatment using SEMSs for complications of bariatric surgery is feasible. Healing of severe leaks was obtained in 81 % (17/21) of patients, avoiding high-risk reintervention. Gastrocutaneous fistulas on a sleeve suture are the most difficult condition to treat.
Myxedema ascites in the posttransplant setting: Case report
Authors: Colleen H. McDonough, Linda Lee, S. Jan de Beur, Sally Arai, Georgia B. Vogelsang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Ascites is a rare but important complication of hypothyroidism. Because of the rarity of the disease and the inconsistency of symptoms associated with hypothyroidism, patients often go undiagnosed for months. Institution of thyroid replacement hormone results in rapid and complete resolution of ascites. Here we present a case of myxedema ascites that presented in a 52‐year‐old man 4 months after allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). Diagnoses initially considered in the differential included the common post‐BMT complications, namely, hepatic veno‐occlusive disease, graft vs. host disease, and infection. However, posttransplant patients are also at risk for illnesses unrelated to their underlying diagnosis or transplant procedure, including hypothyroidism. This case illustrates the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis in posttransplant patients, especially those in whom the clinical course is atypical. Am. J. Hematol. 71:216–218, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
956 RISK FACTOR PREDICTIVE OF TRANSPLANT FREE SURVIVAL IN A LARGE COHORT OF PSC PATIENTS IN THE UK
Authors: B. Srivastava, K. Spiess, M. Brown, A. Muriithi, M. Dawwas, G.J. Alexander, R.N. Sandford, S.M. Rushbrook, R.W. Chapman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 5062: Serum microRNA profiling in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Jie Lian, Shu-Hong Lin, Sherri Luo, Maosheng Huang, Jian Gu, Ashish M. Kamat, Colin P. Dinney, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the development of nearly all cancers and serum miRNAs are promising biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of cancer. We sought to identify serum miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for bladder cancer. To this end, global miRNA profiling was performed on sera in a pilot sample set containing matched non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and healthy controls to identify highly abundant serum miRNAs. Eighty nine miRNAs were stably detectable in cases and controls and selected for further testing. These 89 miRNAs were simultaneously quantified by high-throughput Taqman analysis using the Fluidigm BioMark™ HD System in a discovery set (140 NMIBC patients and 139 control subjects) and a validation set (140 NMIBC patients and 139 control subjects). In the discovery phase, 12 miRNAs showed significant differential expression between NMIBC patients and controls. In the validation phase, expression of one miRNA, miR-409-3p, remained significantly down-regulated in patients with NMIBC as compared to controls. The risk estimates of bladder cancer for miR-409-3p by tertile distributions in controls showed a significant trend for increased risk at the highest tertile for the whole sample set (odds ratio (OR) = 2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.42-3.59; P = 5.95 × 10−4) as well as for age &amp;gt; 65 (OR = 2.32; 95% CI =1.24-4.34; P =4.60 × 10−3) and ever smokers (OR = 2.34; 95% CI =1.31-4.18; P =4.05 × 10−3). Analyses of joint effects of this risk factor showed that the OR was statistically significantly elevated to 5.21 (95% CI =2.72-10.00; P =6.84 × 10−7) for the sample set including both the lowest level of miR-409-3p and ever smokers. Thus the differential expression miR-409-3p in serum distinguishes NMIBC and controls and may contribute to bladder cancer development. Citation Format: Jie Lian, Shu-Hong Lin, Sherri Luo, Maosheng Huang, Jian Gu, Ashish M. Kamat, Colin P. Dinney, Xifeng Wu. Serum microRNA profiling in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5062. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5062
Synchronous Occurrence of Medullary and Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid in a Patient with Cutaneous Melanoma: Determination of BRAFV600E in Peripheral Blood and Tissues. Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Benedetta Fibbi, Pamela Pinzani, Francesca Salvianti, Matteo Rossi, Luisa Petrone, Maria Laura De Feo, Roberto Panconesi, Vania Vezzosi, Simonetta Bianchi, Gabriele Simontacchi, Monica Mangoni, Maurizio Pertici, Gianni Forti, Cinzia Pupilli
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2014)
The Use of Legal Action in New York City to Ensure Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: M. Rose Gasner, Khin Lay Maw, Gabriel E. Feldman, Paula I. Fujiwara, Thomas R. Frieden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

After an increase in the number of cases of tuberculosis, New York City passed regulations to address the problem of nonadherence to treatment regimens. The commissioner of health can issue orders compelling a person to be examined for tuberculosis, to complete treatment, to receive treatment under direct observation, or to be detained for treatment. On the basis of a review of patients' records, we evaluated the use of these legal actions between April 1993 and April 1995.
Treatment of acute otitis media with an antiadhesive oligosaccharide: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Pentti Ukkonen, Kaapo Varis, Mia Jernfors, Elja Herva, Jukka Jokinen, Esa Ruokokoski, David Zopf, Terhi Kilpi
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Role of Propranolol in Improvement of the Relationship between O2 Supply and Consumption in an Ischemic Region of the Dog Heart
Authors: Robert S. Conway, Harvey R. Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Several aspects of the myocardial O(2) supply/consumption relationship were determined after coronary artery occlusion and subsequent beta-adrenergic blockade in 16 anesthetized open-chest dogs. Small artery and vein O(2) saturations, and hence extraction, were obtained microspectrophotometrically and combined with radioactive microsphere blood flow determinations to calculate regional myocardial O(2) consumption. Eight dogs remained untreated after coronary artery ligation while another group was given 2 mg/kg propranolol, 10 min after occlusion. Untreated occlusion resulted in decreased arterial and especially venous O(2) saturations, indicating an increased O(2) extraction. Ischemic O(2) consumption was reduced and the subendocardial/subepicardial consumption ratio was reversed (1.26 vs. 0.37) due to the pattern of occluded area flow. Calculated O(2) supply/consumption also decreased. Propranolol produced no significant changes in volume or distribution of flow within the ischemic region while reducing flow, extraction, and consumption in the unoccluded region. The heterogeneity of arterial and particularly venous O(2) saturations within the ischemic region decreased dramatically. Venous O(2) saturations were elevated relative to the control group resulting in a reduced O(2) extraction. The decrease in heterogeneity of arterial and venous O(2) saturations suggest that propranolol eliminates microregions of relatively high O(2) extraction, consumption, and/or a majority of vessels with extremely low flow. This leads to a significant improvement in the O(2) supply/consumption ratio in the ischemic myocardium of the dog. This may be due to a reduction in the heterogeneity and level of beta(1)-adrenergic receptor activity within the heart.
Loss of Membrane Components in the Pathogenesis of Antibody-Induced Spherocytosis
Authors: R. A. Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The infusion of hyperimmune agglutinating antibodies into man or animals causes spherocytosis and hemolysis. The mechanism of spherocytosis was studied in rats given rabbit anti-rat red cell antiserum intravenously. During the 18 hr after antibody infusion, a time before the onset of reticulocytosis, hematocrits fell from 40.6 to 27.6%. However, no change occurred in mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin content, or the red cell concentrations of potassium or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). There was a progressive loss of membrane constituents and membrane surface area which followed first order kinetics. At 18 hr membrane cholesterol had decreased 23.5%, phospholipid 26.3%, protein 4.7%, and surface area (calculated from a measure of osmotic fragility) 14.2%. There was no change in the per cent composition of the various phospholipids. Similar changes occurred in animals splenectomized before receiving antibody.These studies demonstrate that spherocytosis induced by heterologous agglutinating antibodies in vivo results from a loss of surface area with no accompanying change in cell volume or in the concentration of the major intracellular constituents. It is caused by a process acting at the cell surface leading to the loss of lipid-rich, protein-poor components of the red cell membrane.