tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Clock Doctor
Authors: Michael Katzman
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cirrhosis of the Liver: Alcoholic Paralysis
Authors: C. H. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1877)

pital (a period of thirty-eight years).The average mortality in Mr. Erichsen's cases was twenty-five per cent., while it only amounted to eighteen at the cottage hospitals.Table ofAmputations and their Resultsr-Primnaiy or for Injury, and S,econdary or for Disease-of the Thigk, Leg, Arm, and Forearmi, performed int Cotta~ge Hos.pital Practice by Countrv and Provincial Pr-actitioners.
Abstract PL-3: Breast Radiotherapy: Fractionation and Other Fashions
Authors: J Yarnold
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hypofractionation, defined as the use of fraction sizes &amp;gt;2.0 Gy, requires a reduction in the total dose delivered in 1.8–2.0 Gy fractions that takes account of the greater effect per Gy of larger fractional doses. Generations of radiation oncologists have been taught that small (≤2.0 Gy) daily fractions are always gentler on the dose-limiting healthy tissues than on the cancer, thereby optimising clinical benefit. This relationship applies at many tumour sites, but breast cancer is different. Well-designed randomised trials involving &amp;gt;7000 women confirm that there are no advantages to using ≤2.0 Gy fractions, which spare breast cancer as much as the normal tissues. The limits of hypofractionation for whole breast/chest wall radiotherapy are under evaluation in the UK FAST Forward trial, testing 2 dose levels of a 5-fraction regimen given in 1 week against the 3-week UK standard. Hypofractionation can also be employed to match dose intensity more effectively to the spatial pattern of tumour relapse by modulating fraction size across the breast in preference to fraction number, an approach under test in the UK IMPORT HIGH trial. In marked contrast to conservative attitudes towards whole breast hypofractionation, there has been a dash to accelerated hypofractionation schedules among practitioners of partial breast radiotherapy. The mean fractionation sensitivity of breast cancer, expressed as an α/β value, is approximately 3 Gy. The distribution around this point estimate could be wide or narrow; we don't know. The fractionation sensitivities of early responding normal tissues and cancers are postulated to reflect the responses of a limited number of target stem cell populations. Late-responding normal tissues are more complex in that multiple parenchymal and stromal cell lineages and interactions need to be considered. Despite potential complexity, a strong association between the proliferative indices of normal tissue parenchymal cells and fractionation sensitivity support the notion that the latter has a cellular basis, justifying a focus on classical cellular recovery and DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. Differences between healthy and malignant tissues in how they handle DSB are but one of several potential modulators of fractionation sensitivity. The processes are likely to be strongly affected by mutational and epigenetic alternations in tumours, but they foretell a future when predictive biomarkers replace historical dogma in determining fractionation regimens for cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PL-3.
Epidemiology of symptomatic infections of the urinary tract in children.
Authors: M. Uhari, M. Nuutinen
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The epidemiology of symptomatic infections of the urinary tract in children and the factors that may alter the risk of infection are not well known. Numbers of children aged under 15 discharged from hospitals because of symptomatic infections of the urinary tract during 1978-84 were obtained from the database kept by the Finnish National Board of Health. Information on continuous treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections was obtained from records kept by the Social Insurance Institution on patients receiving free medicines. The yearly rate of attacks of symptomatic infections/1000 girls decreased significantly from 2.67 (95% confidence interval 2.52 to 2.82) in 1978 to 1.88 (1.76 to 2.01) in 1984. In boys the rate also decreased significantly, from 0.85 (0.77 to 0.93) in 1978 to 0.59 (0.52 to 0.66) in 1984. The period prevalence of free treatment/1000 girls decreased significantly from 7.80 (7.55 to 8.05) in 1978 to 5.30 (5.10 to 5.51) in 1984 but did not change significantly in boys. Although the findings may partly have been caused by changes in policies of admission to hospital, they suggest a decreasing trend in symptomatic urinary tract infections in childhood, which may be associated with changes in the care of infants.
Sensing Using Rare-Earth-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Shuwei Hao, Guanying Chen, Chunhui Yang
Journal: Theranostics (2013)

Optical sensing plays an important role in theranostics due to its capability to detect hint biochemical entities or molecular targets as well as to precisely monitor specific fundamental psychological processes. Rare-earth (RE) doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising for these endeavors due to their unique frequency converting capability; they emit efficient and sharp visible or ultraviolet (UV) luminescence via use of ladder-like energy levels of RE ions when excited at near infrared (NIR) light that are silent to tissues. These features allow not only a high penetration depth in biological tissues but also a high detection sensitivity. Indeed, the energy transfer between UCNPs and biomolecular or chemical indicators provide opportunities for high-sensitive bio- and chemical-sensing. A temperature-sensitive change of the intensity ratio between two close UC bands promises them for use in temperature mapping of a single living cell. In this work, we review recent investigations on using UCNPs for the detection of biomolecules (avidin, ATP, etc.), ions (cyanide, mecury, etc.), small gas molecules (oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc.), as well as for in vitro temperature sensing. We also briefly summarize chemical methods in synthesizing UCNPs of high efficiency that are important for the detection limit.
Emphysema in Apparently Healthy Adults
Authors: David M. Spain
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In an ongoing study of consecutive whole lung mounts from autopsies on adult victims of sudden and unexpected death, heavy cigarette smoking appeared to be the major causal factor of emphysema in both men and women. In men, grades of emphysema of 20 or greater were present in 10% (three of 30) of the nonsmokers and in 39% (16 of 41) of the heavy smokers. In nonsmoking women grades of 20 or greater were not present in a single instance, but in heavy-smoking women it was present in 23% (five of 22). Comparable degrees of emphysema were seen in smoking men and women at a much younger age than in nonsmokers.
Surgery of the Aorta and Its Branches
Authors: E. Stanley Crawford
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This convenient-sized monograph consists of a series of articles dealing with acquired diseases of the aorta and peripheral arteries previously published in the<i>American Practitioner and Digest of Treatment</i>. The articles and monograph were intended to present in some detail the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of acquired diseases and conditions of the aorta and peripheral arteries currently susceptible to operative correction to familiarize the physician not engaged in the practice of vascular surgery with what can be accomplished. The author's objectives have been well accomplished in a clear, organized manner, with use of numerous simple diagrams and photographs, to illustrate the pathology, diagnostic procedures, and steps in surgical technic. This book is a must for students and physicians not involved in vascular surgery. It would also be useful for the vascular surgeon since it contains an extensive bibliography, including the classic and current references.
Doctors urge Australian university to rethink plans for chiropractic course
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background:</h3> Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to the general population, similar to the CVD risk in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, there are no controlled studies investigating the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events in RA patients with follow up of more than 20 years. <h3>Objectives:</h3> The objectives of the current study were to investigate the incidence rates of CV events in a long-term follow up cohort of RA patients, and to compare these to a similar cohort representing the general population, ie. The Hoorn study. <h3>Methods:</h3> The CARRÉ study is an ongoing prospective cohort study, which started in 2001, investigating CV mortality and morbidity in 353 randomly selected patients with RA. Primary endpoints, i.e. verified medical history of coronary, cerebral or peripheral arterial disease, were determined at baseline, and after three, ten, fifteen and twenty years of follow up. Patients were censored at the date of an experienced CV event or their death. Incidence density rates per 100 patient years were calculated. Data were compared to results from the Hoorn study, a Dutch cohort study of glucose metabolism and other CV risk factors that began in 1989. All 2,484 participants were subject to an extensive and repeated CV screening program similar to that used in the CARRÉ study. <h3>Results:</h3> After 20 years of follow up 118 patients (33%) developed at least one CV event in the Carré group. Mean (SD) follow up time was 11 (6) years with a total of 3,500 years at risk and an incidence rate of 3.4 per 100 patient-years; this is slightly up from the figure reported at 15 years, i.e. 3.2 per 100 patient-years. A CV event-free survival curve is shown in figure 1. After 30 years of follow up, 295 participants of the Hoorn study had developed a CV event, during a mean follow up time 20 (8) years. Total time at risk was 50,000 years, with an incidence rate of 0.6 CV events per 100 patient years. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> In our cohort the incidence rate of CV events in RA patients has remained consistently high when compared with the general population, despite better control of RA inflammation in recent years. This again confirms the need for timely CVD-risk screening and management. <h3>References:</h3> [1]Agca R, Hopman L, Laan KJC, van Halm VP, Peters MJL, Smulders YM, et al. Cardiovascular Event Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared with Type 2 Diabetes: A 15-year Longitudinal Study. <i>J Rheumatol.</i> 2020;47(3):316-24. <h3>Disclosure of Interests:</h3> None declared
Does This Patient Have a Clinically Important Carotid Bruit?
Authors: Jean-Stéphane Sauvé.
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>CLINICAL SCENARIOS</h3><h3>Case 1</h3> A 50-year-old man undergoes a general physical examination for his insurance policy. A left-sided, focal, systolic carotid bruit is identified. There is no history of prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). <h3>Case 2</h3> A 50-year-old man undergoes a preoperative examination the evening before he is to undergo coronary bypass surgery. A bruit identical to that found in the first patient is heard. There is no history of cerebrovascular symptoms. <h3>Case 3</h3> A 50-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a history of a transient (less than 1 hour) slurring of speech and right-arm weakness. There is no history of prior cerebrovascular disease, and the physical examination reveals a focal, left-sided, systolic carotid bruit. <h3>THE IMPORTANCE OF CLINICAL EXAMINATION</h3> The clinical significance of the identical-sounding bruit is vastly different in these patients. In each of them, the coupling of a thoughtful history with a competent
Treatment of digoxin overdose with antigen-binding fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies.
Authors: A Rozkovec, D J Coltart
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Bromocriptine-induced psychosis in acromegalyDopaminergic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.' Psychosis induced by the dopamine-receptor agonist bromocriptine has been described mainly with high-dose regimens in Parkinsonism and less frequently with the lower doses used in hormonal disorders.24The following case is of interest because of the insidious onset of psychosis and the family history of paranoid schizophrenia. CommentThis psychotic episode appears to have been precipitated by bromocriptine.There is evidence of a liability to levodopa-induced affective disorder in those with a family history of affective illness.5This case suggests an analogous genetic vulnerability to bromocriptine- induced psychosis.A family history of schizophrenia in addition to a personal history may be relevant in considering the use of bromo- criptine.
Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin and Complement Levels Following Renal Homotransplantation.
Authors: Paul H. Levine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin and Complement Levels Following Renal Homotransplantation.Paul H. Levine, M.D., Deborah A. Merrill, M.A., Peter F. Kohler, M.D., Henry N. Claman, M.D.Paul H. Levine, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Deborah A. Merrill, M.A.Search for more papers by this author, Peter F. Kohler, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Henry N. Claman, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1095_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe relative contributions of humoral and cellmediated immune mechanisms in the rejection of renal homotransplants is an important but still unresolved issue. The diversity of the clinical and pathological pictures in different patients suggests that more than one mechanism may be operating at various times. This study determined serum immunoglobulin levels and complement activity in a series of renal transplant patients and attempted to assess the humoral contribution to rejection. Serial serum samples were obtained from 11 patients receiving renal homografts. Eight patients had clinically apparent episodes of rejection in the first week after surgery, and 3 of these had... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul H. Levine, M.D.; Deborah A. Merrill, M.A.; Peter F. Kohler, M.D.; Henry N. Claman, M.D.Affiliations: Denver, Colorado PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1095-1095KeywordsHomograftsHomotransplantationRenal transplantationSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
New drugs: beta blockers and sympathomimetics.
Authors: C M Kaye
Journal: BMJ (1983)

1439 pulmonary tuberculosis, referring to the nine month regimen of rifampicin and isoniazid.' 2 He states that the dosage of ethambutol for the first two months is 15 mg/kg.In fact the dosage of ethambutol used in these studies was 25 mg/kg.Some doctors use 15 mg/kg, but this dosage was not investigated in the British Thoracic Association trials, and we therefore recom- mend a dosage of 25 mg/kg for the first two months.No eye toxicity resulted from this dosage in our studies.
OC-117 Neoadjuvant precision chemoembolisation for easily resectable colorectal liver metastases
Authors: R Jones, D Dunne, S W Fenwick, P Sutton, H Malik, G Poston
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Peri-operative chemotherapy confers a 3-year progression free survival advantage for patients with colorectal liver metastases. Degree of post-chemotherapy tumour necrosis is associated with disease free survival. However, systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with pathological damage to hepatic parenchyma, increasing perioperative morbidity and mortality. Irinotecan eluting beads (DEBIRI-TACE) are delivered to tumour intra-arterially, where they provide controlled &amp; sustained delivery of Irinotecan directly to tumour, maximising response and reducing systemic exposure. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and safety of a single neoadjuvant bead embolisation 1-month before hepatectomy. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with easily resectable colorectal liver metastases received DEBIRI-TACE 1 month before surgery. Primary end-point was tumour resectability, Secondary end points included pathological tumour response and safety. <h3>Results</h3> TACE attempted in 49 patients and was successful in 40. Reasons for failed TACE included arterial abnormality (n=2), progressive disease (n=2), bilobar disease (n=2), hepatoma (n=1), allergy to contrast (n=1) and concomitant infection (n=1). There was one post-TACE liver abscess (3%), and 1 post TACE pancreatitis (3%) (recognised complications). 38 patients have undergone hepatic resection so far, with R0 resection rate of 100% and no significant post-hepatectomy morbidity. Thirty day post-operative mortality was 7.6% (n=2), with neither death related to TACE (one intraoperative pneumomediastinum, one MODS after aspiration pneumonia). Complete pathological response (no viable tumour) was demonstrated in 15% of lesions, major response in 55% and minor response in 30%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Neoadjuvant DEBIRI TACE for resectable colorectal liver metastasis is safe and is not associated with increased post-hepatectomy morbidity. A single treatment with DEBIRI-TACE resulted in pathological response of tumour similar to that seen after systemic treatment, which may translate to improved progression free survival. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Taking Laetrile: Conversion to Medical Deviance
Authors: Y. M. Vissing, J. C. Petersen
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1981)

For members of the CCS, laetrile use occurs in a self-help social context where users derive substantial social and emotional support from fellow members. We are convinced that much of the appeal of laetrile results from this social context in which it is frequently used. The CCS and the extensive network of similar organizations are fulfilling unmet needs in cancer patients and those fearful of cancer. Until conventional cancer therapy deals more successfully with the social and psychological needs of cancer patients, promoters of laetrile will till fertile ground.
Abstract 208: The function of <i>p53</i> is intact in murine basal cell carcinomas in IR-treated Ptch1+/- mice
Authors: Grace Y. Wang, Joy Wang, Lynn Wang, Eileen Libove, Ervin H. Epstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are the most common cancer among people of European ancestry. Although mutational activation of Hedgehog (HH) signaling is pivotal for BCC carcinogenesis, p53 mutations also frequently are present in human and mouse BCCs. In humans, these p53 mutations are frequently of a “UV-signature” type, and human BCCs typically arise in sun-damaged skin containing epidermal clones of p53 mutant cells, implying that p53 is a crucial BCC tumor suppressor. In line with this notion, we found that deletion of p53 specifically in K14-expressing keratinocytes dramatically accelerates BCC carcinogenesis in ionizing radiation (IR)-treated Ptch1+/- mice. In IR-treated Ptch1+/- mice without p53 deletion, visible BCCs can also arise from but with longer tumor latency (9m vs. 5m) and a lower tumor incidence (10% vs. 100%) and mutiplicity. However it is not known whether loss of p53 signaling activity is required for the development of visible BCCs in p53+/+ mice. To address this question, we compared p53 signaling activity in IR-induced BCCs in Ptch1+/- p53+/+ mice vs. in BCCs in Ptch1+/- p53-/- mice after a second, DNA-damaging dose of IR. Using immunohistochemistry, we found the expected minimal IR-induced expression of p53, Puma, and Noxa as well as TUNEL-detected apoptosis in BCCs of p53-deleted mice. By contrast, IR induced robust expression of p53, Noxa, Puma, and apoptosis in BCCs from Ptch1+/- p53-intact mice. Without IR exposure, BCCs in p53+/+ mice had scattered p53+ cells and low level of expression of Puma and Noxa but no TUNEL+ cells. Our data thus suggest that IR-induced BCCs generated in Ptch1+/- p53+/+ mice retain their functional p53 signaling capacity and that these tumors are able to evade an intact DNA damage response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 208. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-208
Defect in cooperativity in insulin receptors from a patient with a congenital form of extreme insulin resistance.
Authors: S I Taylor, S Leventhal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Previously, we have described a novel qualitative defect in insulin receptors from a patient with a genetic form of extreme insulin resistance (leprechaunism). Receptors from this insulin-resistant child are characterized by two abnormalities: (a) an abnormally high binding affinity for insulin, and (b) a markedly reduced sensitivity of 125I-insulin binding to alterations in pH and temperature. In this paper, we have investigated the kinetic mechanism of this abnormality in steady-state binding. The increased binding affinity for 125I-insulin results from a decrease in the dissociation rate of the hormone-receptor complex. In addition, the cooperative interactions among insulin binding sites are defective with insulin receptors from this child with leprechaunism. With insulin receptors on cultured lymphocytes from normal subjects, both negative and positive cooperativity may be observed. Porcine insulin accelerates the dissociation of the hormone-receptor complex (negative cooperativity). In contrast, certain insulin analogs such as desoctapeptide-insulin and desalanine-desasparagine-insulin retard the dissociation of the hormone-receptor complex (positive cooperativity). With insulin receptors from the leprechaun child, positive cooperativity could not be demonstrated, although negative cooperativity appeared to be normal. It seems likely that the same genetic defect may be responsible for the abnormalities in both insulin sensitivity and positive cooperativity.
Linking addictions to everyday habits and plans
Authors: David T. Neal, Wendy Wood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Redish et al. trace vulnerabilities in habit and planning systems almost exclusively to pharmacological effects of addictive substances on underlying brain systems. As we discuss, however, these systems also can be disrupted by purely psychological factors inherent in normal decision-making and everyday behavior. A truly unified model must integrate the contribution of both sets of factors in driving addiction.