tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Framework for Selection of Performance Measurement Systems: Attributes of Conformance
Authors: Jerod M. Loeb
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE TREATMENT OF CARDIAC PAIN BY PARAVERTEBRAL ALCOHOL BLOCK
Authors: GEORGE I. SWETLOW
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In recent years the surgical treatment of cardiac pain has received much attention. The objective of the surgeon is to sever the pathway that conducts pain stimuli from the heart to consciousness. The identification of this pathway is based largely on comparative neuroanatomic studies. These investigations show that these structures vary not only in different animals but in man as well. Because of the insufficiency of the anatomic knowledge, as many as eight different operations have been devised for the relief of cardiac pain. The following briefly summarizes the operations that have been performed: Cervical sympathectomy, including resection of the stellate ganglion on the left side and at times bilaterally.<sup>1</sup> Section of the depressor nerve on the left side and at times bilaterally.<sup>2</sup> Section of the sympathetic cord above the stellate ganglion on the left side.<sup>3</sup> Section of a nerve fiber emerging from the vagus nerve on
Flight from Violence: Hippies and the Green Rebellion
Authors: JAMES R. ALLEN, LOUIS JOLYON WEST
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The role of marihuana and LSD is crucial in the hippie rebellion. Drugs provide a social ritual, a focus of guiltless lawbreaking, and an effective medication to relieve undesired feelings of anger and aggression. The future of the hippies and their rebellion depends in part upon the further evolution of society's reaction to them but also, and perhaps most importantly, upon the long-term effects of drugs chronically employed as the materia medica of a flight from aggression and violence.
TRANSPLANTATION OF SKIN IN PLASTIC OPERATIONS ON THE EYELID.
Authors: WALTER B. JOHNSON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

ticipate, the danger of serious and even fatal intoxi- cation by cocain must be guarded against by using solutions not exceeding 2 per cent, in strength, and never injecting more than 2 to 2.5 grains.The recum- bent position also decreases the danger.Finally, it should be remembered that cocain has little power over very hyperemic and inflamed tissues.Very briefly then, my conclusions may be stated as follows:1. Plastic surgery about the eye requires complete and prolonged anesthesia with the minimum of risk to the patient, and which can be induced without im- pairing the life of the tissues, or infecting the wounds.2. Ether,among general anesthetics, best meets these demands.The method of administration should be simple, cleanly, and avoid encroaching upon the field of operation.3. Cocain is the only suitable local anesthetic.For the conjunctiva it may be applied to the surface in 2 to 4 per cent, solutions.When the skin is involved, subcutaneous injection becomes necessary.The punc- tures should be few and the dose not exceed 2.5 grains.
Sensitive Detection of Estrogen Receptor RNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay
Authors: S. A. W. Fuqua, N. F. Falette, W. L. McGuire
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

We developed a simplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique sensitive enough to detect estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA in breast tumor specimens from 1 microgram of total RNA. We simultaneously amplified a control gene such as beta-actin as a baseline to semiquantitate ER expression. In a preliminary test of this method on a small series of breast tumors, ER message was found as expected in a number of tumors found to be ER positive by ligand binding assay, but also ER negative in one tumor assayed. The ER in this last tumor contained a single base change in the hormone binding region, compared with the MCF-7 breast tumor cell line ER. Therefore, this PCR technique may be useful in the detection and cloning of rare ER transcripts from breast tumor biopsy specimens.
Psychosocial Self-Prognosis in Relation to Mortality and Morbidity in Hemophiliacs with HIV Infection
Authors: Vanja Blomkvist, Tores Theorell, Hans Jonsson, Sam Schulman, Erik Berntorp, Lennart Stiegendal
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)

HIV-infected hemophiliacs participated in a psychosocial prognosis study. The Coping Wheel was filled out 1–2 years after the subjects had been told that they were HIV-infected and between 1 and 7 years after they had become infected. The number of significant signs of disease as well as mortality were recorded during the years following the psychosocial measurements. These measures were related to three measures of anticipated future activities derived from the Coping Wheel, namely 'number of activities for oneself', 'number of activities with others' and a combined measure 'number of activities for oneself in relation to number of activities with others'. The results indicated that the subject's own psychosocial prognosis added to the prediction of mortality. The most important psychosocial factor was the combined measure: those with few anticipated activities for oneself in relation to activities with others had a greater likelihood of dying soon during follow-up. The latter prediction was true even after adjustment for age and condition of the immune system (CD4 count) at the start of follow-up. The conclusion is that the Coping Wheel, applied as in the present examination, may be of help in prognosis and in identifying psychosocial needs in patients with HIV infection.
Heat Exhaustion and Respiratory Alkalosis
Authors: A. E. BOYD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 December 1975Heat Exhaustion and Respiratory AlkalosisA. E. BOYD III, M.D., GEORGE A. BELLER, M.D.A. E. BOYD III, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GEORGE A. BELLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-835_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHeat exhaustion is classically defined as man's inability to continue working in the heat due to excessive salt and water depletion (1, 2). Many of the symptoms such as syncope, headache, dizziness, extreme weakness, tetany, and cramps of the extremities and abdomen could be explained on the basis of hyperventilation secondary to heat exposure, a response first described by Haldane (3).In July of 1971 we had the opportunity to evaluate clinically patients admitted to the heat ward at the U.S. Army Hospital, Fort Polk, Louisiana. Fort Polk is a large basic training post in Western Louisiana, and during periods...References1. LEITHEAD C and LIND A: Heat Stress and Heat Disorders. Philadelphia, F. A. Davis Co., 1964, p. 127 Google Scholar2. LADELL W: Disorders due to heat. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 51:189-216, 1957 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HALDANE J: The influence of high air temperatures. J Hyg 55:495-513, 1905 Google Scholar4. WINGFIELD A: Hyperventilation tetany in tropical climates. Br Med J 1:929-930, 1941 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GAUDIO R and ABRAMSON N: Heat-induced hyperventilation. J Appl Physiol 25:742-746, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. E. BOYDIII, M.D.; GEORGE A. BELLER, M.D.Affiliations: U.S. Army Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick, Massachusetts 01760 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPathophysiology of Heat-Related IllnessesExertional heat illness and hyponatremia in hikersA miniswine model of heatstrokeMetabolic and electrolyte abnormalities during heat exhaustionHeat stroke and related heat stress disordersA Practical Review of Simple Acid-Base DisordersNephrology: An Annotated Bibliography of Recent Literature References to Journal Articles and Other PapersHeat illnessHeat stroke 1 December 1975Volume 83, Issue 6Page: 835-835KeywordsSaltsSecondary headachesSyncope ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
The NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediates In Vivo Innate Immunity to Influenza A Virus through Recognition of Viral RNA
Authors: Irving C. Allen, Margaret A. Scull, Chris B. Moore, Eda K. Holl, Erin McElvania-TeKippe, Debra J. Taxman, Elizabeth H. Guthrie, Raymond J. Pickles, Jenny P.-Y. Ting
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Impact of National Guidelines for Cholesterol Risk Factor Screening
Authors: Peter W. F. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Recently published guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program were applied to 792 men and 853 women aged 30 to 69 years who participated in Framingham Offspring examination 3 from 1983 to 1987. Using nationally recommended algorithms, cholesterol levels are desirable in 50% of men and women, borderline in 12% of men and 30% of women, and elevated in 35% of men and 19% of women. Assuming that diet reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels 20%, 10%, or 5%, rates of lipid medication use are projected as 2%, 5%, or 10%, respectively. Applying 6-year estimates of coronary risk derived from the original Framingham cohort to their offspring, the nationally recommended algorithm lacks specificity in women younger than 40 years and in both men and women older than 60 years. This study suggests that effective diet probably will be the cornerstone of current guidelines, and individuals aged 40 to 60 years might benefit most. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:41-44)
Some progress and some missed targets in the TB epidemic
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2014)

There is promise of new treatments for tuberculosis (TB), although some goals set by the World Health Organization for 2015 are likely to be missed, said Jennifer Philips of New York University Langone Medical Center in remarks made at a TB day symposium on 24 March at the New York Academy of Sciences.

Philips said WHO reported that about 8.6 million people developed TB and 1.3 million people died from TB in 2012. The disease was the leading killer of people with HIV infection, accounting for about one fifth of HIV deaths. Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) was present in virtually every country surveyed.1

Philips said that the TB incidence rate has been falling in recent years and TB mortality has been reduced by almost 50% since 1990—but not in parts of Africa and eastern Europe. Some WHO goals have not been met: about 3 million incident cases of TB are not diagnosed or reported. Eleven countries with high rates of TB are not on track to meet incidence, prevalence, and mortality goals. Goals for access to diagnosis and treatment of MDR-TB are far off track. Targets for treating patients with HIV/TB coinfection have not been met.

WHO is in …
Maintenance Treatment With Varenicline for Smoking Cessation in Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: A. Eden Evins, Corinne Cather, Sarah A. Pratt, Gladys N. Pachas, Susanne S. Hoeppner, Donald C. Goff, Eric D. Achtyes, David Ayer, David A. Schoenfeld
Journal: JAMA (2014)

It is estimated that more than half of those with serious mental illness smoke tobacco regularly. Standard courses of pharmacotherapeutic cessation aids improve short-term abstinence, but most who attain abstinence relapse rapidly after discontinuation of pharmacotherapy.To determine whether smokers diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disease have higher rates of prolonged tobacco abstinence with maintenance pharmacotherapy than with standard treatment.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, relapse-prevention clinical trial conducted in 10 community mental-health centers. Of 247 smokers with schizophrenia or bipolar disease recruited from March 2008-April 2012, 203 received 12-weeks' open-label varenicline and cognitive behavioral therapy and 87 met abstinence criteria to enter the relapse prevention intervention.Participants who had 2 weeks or more of continuous abstinence at week 12 of open treatment were randomly assigned to receive cognitive behavioral therapy and double-blind varenicline (1 mg, 2 per day) or placebo from weeks 12 to 52. Participants then discontinued study treatment and were followed up to week 76.Seven-day rate of continuous abstinence at study week 52, the end of the relapse-prevention phase, confirmed by exhaled carbon monoxide. Secondary outcomes were continuous abstinence rates for weeks 12 through 64 based on biochemically verified abstinence and weeks 12 through 76, based on self-reported smoking behavior.Sixty-one participants completed the relapse-prevention phase; 26 discontinued participation (7 varenicline, 19 placebo) and were considered to have relapsed for the analyses; 18 of these had relapsed prior to dropout. At week 52, point-prevalence abstinence rates were 60% in the varenicline group (24 of 40) vs 19% (9 of 47) in the placebo group (odds ratio [OR], 6.2; 95% CI, 2.2-19.2; P < .001). From weeks 12 through 64, 45% (18 of 40) among those in the varenicline group vs 15% (7 of 47) in the placebo group were continuously abstinent (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.5-15.7; P = .004), and from weeks 12 through 76, 30% (12 of 40) in the varenicline group vs 11% (5 of 47) in the placebo group were continuously abstinent (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.02-13.6; P = .03). There were no significant treatment effects on psychiatric symptom ratings or psychiatric adverse events.Among smokers with serious mental illness who attained initial abstinence with standard treatment, maintenance pharmacotherapy with varenicline and cognitive behavioral therapy improved prolonged tobacco abstinence rates compared with cognitive behavioral therapy alone after 1 year of treatment and at 6 months after treatment discontinuation.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00621777.
Koebner phenomenon due to scratch test in scleromyxoedema.
Authors: B.K. Durani, H. Kurzen, W. Hartschuh, H. Naeher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

The Koebner phenomenon or isomorphic response was originally described in psoriasis and has subsequently been observed in various other diseases. We report a patient with isomorphic response in scleromyxoedema, a variant of papular mucinosis with diffuse infiltration of the skin. The Koebner phenomenon was due to a scratch test performed 4 weeks before the appearance of streaky, lichenoid infiltrations on the forearms.
Will the Delivery of Health Care Be Improved by the Use of Chiropractic Services?
Authors: H. Thomas Ballantine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract The unprecedented demand for medical services in the United States, coupled with the increasing involvement of governmental agencies in paying for them, has led politicians and others to press for the inclusion of chiropractic services as an alternate method for providing health care in programs sponsored by the federal government. There is reason to believe that the public, the politicians and the physicians are in large measure ignorant of or indifferent to the fundamental problems involved in such a proposal. A review of existing information relative to the theory, scope and quality of chiropractic practice and the education of chiropractors leads to the conclusion that the use of chiropractic in health-care programs is not in the public interest.
CAUSES OF THE CESSATION OF GROWTH OF FIBROBLASTS CULTIVATED IN EMBRYO JUICE
Authors: Lillian E. Baker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

Experiments designed to ascertain the reason for the cessation of growth of heart fibroblasts when they are cultivated in a plasma coagulum with embryo juice as nutrient fluid have shown that it is due, first, to the gradual removal of serum from the coagulum, and second, to an insufficient supply of embryo juice. In a medium containing embryo extract at 66 per cent concentration and serum at 8 per cent concentration, growth continued until the entire coagulum in a 3½ cm. flask was covered with tissue. The serum is needed to furnish additional nutriment, and also to prevent digestion of the coagulum.
BCR-ABL transcripts are early predictors for hematological relapse in chronic myeloid leukemia after hematopoietic cell transplantation with reduced intensity conditioning
Authors: T Lange, M Deininger, R Brand, U Hegenbart, H Al-Ali, R Krahl, W Poenisch, L Uharek, S Leiblein, C Gentilini, E Petersdorf, R F Storb, D Niederwieser
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Surgical safety checklists
Authors: J. Soar, J. Peyton, M. Leonard, A. M Pullyblank
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Improve collaborative teamwork, minimise surprises, and reduce harm to patients

Surgical deaths and complications are a global public health problem. The World Health Organization estimates that each year half a million deaths related to surgery could be prevented.1 2 In England and Wales, the National Patient Safety Agency’s national reporting and learning system recorded 129 419 surgery related events in 2007.3 In the United States, the state of Minnesota (with less than 2% of the US population) reported 21 surgeries in the wrong site during one year (October 2007 to October 2008) . 4 The real situation is probably even worse though, because most safety incidents are not reported.5

In June 2008, WHO launched the Safe Surgery Saves Lives campaign.2 This included a “surgical safety checklist” (www.who.int/patientsafety/safesurgery/en/) to ensure that the entire operating theatre team has a common understanding of the patient and the surgical procedure, and that evidence based interventions such as antibiotic prophylaxis or deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis are reliably given.2 The 19 item checklist is completed in three stages—before induction of anaesthesia (sign in), just before skin incision (time out), and before the patient leaves the operating theatre (sign out). Items on the checklist must be verbally confirmed with the patient and other team members. The WHO Safe Surgery Saves Lives Study Group has published a study of 3733 patients before implementation and …
Bicarbonate Therapy for Organic Acidosis: The Case for Its Continued Use
Authors: ROBERT G. NARINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Critics of bicarbonate therapy for life-threatening lactic acidosis have argued that the treatment is not only ineffective but that it also worsens morbidity and mortality. We critically examine the six major arguments used to condemn alkali treatment. We highlight the shortcomings of frequently cited uncontrolled human studies, experiments in animals, and in-vitro chemical analyses not clearly related to the human condition. The damaging hemodynamic effects of acidemia, which centralizes blood volume while depressing myocardial contraction (thereby causing hemodynamic collapse), are discussed and offered in support of alkali therapy. We also emphasize the extreme sensitivity of patients with acidosis to further small decreases in serum bicarbonate concentration or increases in arterial PCO2. In short, we have found no basis by which to condemn the use of alkali and believe that those who have scorned its use have yet to demonstrate its danger clearly. Until that time, sodium bicarbonate should remain the standard of therapy for this life-threatening condition.
Long-term outcome of EBV-specific T-cell infusions to prevent or treat EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease in transplant recipients
Authors: Helen E. Heslop, Karen S. Slobod, Martin A. Pule, Gregory A. Hale, Alexandra Rousseau, Colton A. Smith, Catherine M. Bollard, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Richard J. Rochester, Persis J. Amrolia, Julia L. Hurwitz, Malcolm K. Brenner, Cliona M. Rooney
Journal: Blood (2009)
Haploinsufficiency of <i>RAD51B</i> Causes Centrosome Fragmentation and Aneuploidy in Human Cells
Authors: Osamu Date, Mari Katsura, Mari Ishida, Takashi Yoshihara, Aiko Kinomura, Taijiro Sueda, Kiyoshi Miyagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The Rad51-like proteins, Rad51B, Rad51C, Rad51D, XRCC2, and XRCC3, have been shown to form two distinct complexes and seem to assist Rad51 in the early stages of homologous recombination. Although these proteins share sequence similarity with Rad51, they do not show functional redundancy. Among them, Rad51B is unique in that the gene maps to the human chromosome 14q23-24, the region frequently involved in balanced chromosome translocations in benign tumors particularly in uterine leiomyomas. Despite accumulating descriptive evidence of altered Rad51B function in these tumors, the biological significance of this aberration is still unknown. To assess the significance of reduced Rad51B function, we deleted the gene in the human colon cancer cell line HCT116 by gene targeting. Here, we show that haploinsufficiency of RAD51B causes mild hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, a mild reduction in sister chromatid exchange, impaired Rad51 focus formation, and an increase in chromosome aberrations. Remarkably, haploinsufficiency of RAD51B leads to centrosome fragmentation and aneuploidy. In addition, an ∼50% reduction in RAD51B mRNA levels by RNA interference also leads to centrosome fragmentation in the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080. These findings suggest that the proper biallelic expression of RAD51B is required for the maintenance of chromosome integrity in human cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6018-24)
The prevention of peritendinous adhesions by a phospholipid polymer hydrogel formed in situ by spontaneous intermolecular interactions
Authors: Noriyuki Ishiyama, Toru Moro, Kazuhiko Ishihara, Takashi Ohe, Toshiki Miura, Tomohiro Konno, Tadashi Ohyama, Mizuna Kimura, Masayuki Kyomoto, Kozo Nakamura, Hiroshi Kawaguchi
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)