tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brodie's Abscess of the Patella
Authors: William B. Miller, William A. Murphy, Louis A. Gilula, Owen S. Kantor
Journal: JAMA (1977)

IN 1832, Sir Benjamin C. Brodie described localized chronic osteomyelitis in the tibia.<sup>1</sup>Since then, Brodie's abscess has been most often encountered in the tibial and femoral metaphyses and less commonly in the distal radius, ulna, or vertebrae.<sup>2</sup>To our knowledge, this is the first complete case report of Brodie's abscess of the patella. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Three years prior to admission, at 24 years of age, our patient "smashed his knee on a pipe" with resulting stiffness and swelling that spontaneously resolved, leaving chronic exertional discomfort. After a year of recurrent pain and swelling, neither plain roentgenograms nor an arthrogram demonstrated any abnormalities. Since anti-inflammatory medication could not control symptoms during the next several months, arthroscopy was performed and demonstrated inflamed synovium, confirmed as synovitis by biopsy. Cultures of joint fluid were negative. Although therapeutic doses of aspirin attained partial symptomatic palliation for the following several
High-Tech Medicine and Rising Health Care Costs-Reply
Authors: Eli Ginzberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  There is much in Gillette's letter with which I agree. I have no question that Misapplication of hightech medicine exists or that it is inappropriate use of advanced technology  prolong oxygenation of persons who have no chance of regaining meaningful life. But many of his comments are, in my view, wrong or beside the point, as for instance his statement that I have ignored the relationships between illness and human behavior. In dealing with high-tech medicine in 1989, I saw little point in referring to Freud or to the leaders of psychosomatic medicine of the late 1920s, whose work predates Gillette's citations by as much as a century.  Nor can I buy into Gillette's view that A demanding small minority with expensive, irrational wishes can drive costs up for the entire population if physicians abdicate their professional responsibility to use expensive technology wisely. As an economist, I
Animals in Research
Authors: Stephen R. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> To the uninformed reader, the historical review "Animals in Research"<sup>1</sup>provides a compelling case for continued animal research. However, one should be suspicious of any conclusions of the American Medical Association, which has publicly aligned itself politically with the National Association for Biomedical Research,<sup>1,2</sup>an advocacy group devoted to the interests of animal researchers. Many medical historians, who do not share the American Medical Association's political agenda and who merely attempt to describe medical history accurately, have come to strikingly different opinions. Careful analysis has demonstrated that key discoveries in cancer therapy,<sup>3</sup>immunology,<sup>4</sup>and anesthesia<sup>5</sup>have resulted from clinical research, observation of patients, or human autopsies. Beeson<sup>6</sup>concluded: "Progress in the understanding and management of human disease must begin, and end, with studies of man.... Hepatitis, although an almost 'pure' example of progress by the study of man, is by no
STUDIES OF OXYGEN IN THE VENOUS BLOOD
Authors: Christen Lundsgaard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. Determinations of the oxygen content and the oxygen unsaturation of the venous blood have been performed on patients with varying amounts of hemoglobin. 2. The oxygen unsaturation of the venous blood is independent of the oxygen capacity, unless the latter is reduced below the normal value for oxygen unsaturation (about 5 volumes per cent). In a polycythemic patient, for example, with 33.4 volumes per cent oxygen capacity (181 per cent hemoglobin), the venous oxygen content was. 28 volumes per cent, giving an unsaturation of 5.4 volumes per cent. Similarly, in an anemic patient with only 6.7 volumes per cent oxygen capacity (36 per cent hemoglobin), the venous oxygen was 1.5, giving an unsaturation of 5.2 volumes per cent. This means that the tissues extract from the blood all the oxygen they need with apparently equal readiness, regardless of whether the extraction leaves a great oxygen reserve in the blood as in polycythemia, or practically no reserve as in anemia. 3. The results seem to show that the resting organism does not increase its circulation until all the reserve oxygen is used. This means that the resting anemic organism does not need or use any compensation for its anemia until the hemoglobin has sunk below 30 per cent. Below that value the organism increases the blood flow in order to secure to the tissues the normal amount of oxygen.
DIFFERENTIAL MEMBRANOLYTIC EFFECTS OF MICROCRYSTALLINE SODIUM URATE AND CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE
Authors: Walter R. Wallingford, Daniel J. McCarty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Microcrystals of sodium urate produced direct lysis of erythrocyte membranes, as had been described previously for silica. Calcium pyrophosphate crystals induced modest erythrocyte hemolysis, also, and time-course experiments showed a markedly different reaction curve from those produced by silica and urate. Polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide, a strong hydrogen acceptor, was bound from solution to urate and silica, but not to calcium pyrophosphate crystals; this compound effectively blocked urate and silica, but not calcium pyrophosphate or control hemolysis. Dextran and heparin inhibited urate-but not silica-induced hemolysis. If erythrocyte and lysosome membranes react similarly to these particles, then the absence of phagosomes in gouty synovial fluid leukocytes, and the presence of these structures in pseudogout, may be explained.
Problems in Control of Infectious Diseases
Authors: R. Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1943)

The mortality from infectious diseases has declined steadily and steeply in the past half-century; yet to-day approximately one death in five is attributable, directly or remotely, to infection.The problem of the control of infectious diseases is a complex one, for " it includes all measures which decrease damage, whether physical, economic, social, or psychological, to the human host as a result of disease, and with no marker to indicate where actual preventive medicine leaves off and good clinical medicine begins."To assess the value of past measures and as a guide to further progress the bulk of infectious diseases in this country may be considered in four main groups: (1) Acute respiratory infections-the pneumonias, influenza, and the common cold; (2) Tuberculosis; (3) Intestinal infections; and (4) Childhood fevers pertussis, measles, diphtheria,
Australia's Flying Doctors
Authors: R. J. Mulhearn
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  I refer to your notation on the Australian Flying Doctor Service ( JAMA  178 :405 [Oct. 28] 1961). I quote: Today, it serves two-thirds of Australia's population, scattered over 2,000,000 square miles. This statement implies a fanciful idea of the medical services of Australia.  In 1960 this service ... saw about 30,000 patients. There are over 10 million of us on this island—either a hardy or a very neglected people.  The annual operating cost is about $700,000—Department of the Treasury, please note! Eleven thousand Down Under doctors—scramble!
Sports tourism and adventure sports in India
Authors: Ashwani Saini
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Definition Sports tourism means to travel for the sake of either viewing or participating in sports event staying a part from their usual environment. Introduction Sports tourism in India has scored a high place for its self in Indian tourism industry. Sports tourism is broadly define by the adventure sports and game in India. There are indeed several destination in India offering sports tourism. There are varied sports activity that you can indulge during your vacation. Types of adventure sports Distinguished adventure sports: mountaineering, rock-climbing, scuba diving, water rafting, kayaking, canoeing, sailing, surfing, water scooting. Aero sports like: ballooning, paragliding, hand gliding. These sports offers scope for sports lover and enthusiasts from all of the world. Adventure hot sports in India Goa, Andaman and Nicobar, Kerala, Uttranchal, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Jammu and Kashmir, Assam, Sikkim, Lakshadweep. Business and leisure Business tour combined with active sports are becoming highly popular where business meets leisure and such kind of sports tourism on business tour is global cooperate strategy for employee entertainment and well being. Moreover sports tourism is nurture by professional sports person they have to travel extensively for there carrier to participate in national and international championship like Cricket World Cup, Soccer World Cup, Wimbledon so on and forth. Commonwealth Games 2010, Delhi is the best example of sports tourism. Future of sports tourism Scope and future of sports tourism is endless in India because of its diverse topography and climatic condition. You can enjoy on land and water, under water and in air whatsoever form of adventure sports in India. Future of sports tourism and adventure sports in India is very bright.
The Hot Skull Sign on Bone Scans of Obese Patients Resulting from Disparate Soft Tissue Attenuation
Authors: Mordechai Lorberboym, Sorina Macadziob, Galina Nikolov, Chun K. Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

We have frequently observed diffusely increased skull activity on bone scans of obese patients, who do not have evidence of metabolic or metastatic bone disease. Skull activity of 25 obese patients were compared to that of age and sex-matched nonobese 25 patients visually and quantitatively. The results clearly indicated that diffusely increased skull activity is significantly more common on bone scans of obese patients because of disparate attenuation of overlying soft tissues. This knowledge will help obviate the need for additional radiologic and/or laboratory tests in search of other conditions associated with hot skull, ie, Paget's disease and metabolic bone disorders such as renal osteodystrophy and primary hyperparathyroidism.
Comparison of atorvastatin versus fenofibrate in reaching lipid targets and influencing biomarkers of endothelial damage in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia
Authors: Marcello Arca, Anna Montali, Giovanni Pigna, Roberto Antonini, Teresa Maria Antonini, Petramala Luigi, Antonio Fraioli, Marco Mastrantoni, Maura Maddaloni, Claudio Letizia
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Ca2+ channel selectivity at a single locus for high-affinity Ca2+ interactions
Authors: Patrick T. Ellinor, Jian Yang, William A. Sather, Ji-Fang Zhang, Richard W. Tsien
Journal: Neuron (1995)

Ca2+ channels display remarkable selectivity and permeability, traditionally attributed to multiple, discrete Ca2+ binding sites lining the pore. Each of the four pore-forming segments of Ca2+ channel alpha 1 subunits contains a glutamate residue that contributes to high-affinity Ca2+ interactions. Replacement of all four P-region glutamates with glutamine or alanine abolished micromolar Ca2+ block of monovalent current without revealing any additional independent high-affinity Ca2+ binding site. Pairwise replacements of the four glutamates excluded the hypothesis that they form two independent high-affinity sites. Systematic alterations of side-chain length, charge, and polarity by glutamate replacement with aspartate, glutamine, or alanine weakened the Ca2+ interaction, with considerable asymmetry from one repeat to another. The P-region glutamate in repeat I was unusual in its sensitivity to aspartate replacement but not glutamine substitution. While all four glutamates cooperate in supporting high-affinity interactions with single Ca2+ ions, they also influence the interaction between multiple divalent cations.
PTU-040 Study of Quality and Efficacy of Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy
Authors: D S Chilkunda, S Shah
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Effective bowel preparation of ≥90% is a key quality indicator for ensuring good standards of colonoscopy<sup>1</sup>. Good quality bowel preparation improves polyp detection and caecal intubation rates. Various regimens used in Mid-Yorkshire NHS Trust (MYNHT) were assessed in 2008 leading to a change in practise. As a result, Citramag and Senna have been used in split doses since then. Aims of the study were to determine the efficacy of Citramag/Senna, and patient acceptability &amp; tolerability of this regimen. Performance of this regimen was compared to Kleen Prep and oral Fleet used previously. <h3>Methods</h3> We prospectively studied data collected from pre-procedure questionnaires completed by patients between Aug 2010 &amp; May 2011. Endoscopists scored bowel cleansing according to Boston Bowel Prep Scale (BBPS) for each segment (0–3)2, on the basis of guidance images and scoring system provided for the duration of the study. Qualitatively, bowel cleansing was graded as A, B or C, where A = all segments clean, B = partially removable stool preventing complete visualisation in at least one segment and C = solid stool in at least one segment. Exclusion criteria were used to philtre patients who received regimens other than Citramag/Senna, those with incomplete data and those who had had colonic resection. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 194 questionnaires were received during the study period. Of these, 19 patients were excluded from further analysis on the basis of criteria detailed above. Of the remaining 175 cases assessed, 88% patients found taste of the preparation acceptable or pleasant. 92.5% were willing to take the same regime again. 44% patients had adverse effects of which 77% were mild. This compared favourably to results of Kleen-Prep (62.9%) &amp; Fleet (66.2%). Abdominal cramp was the commonest side effect. Mean total BBPS score was 16.91 (maximum score possible 18). 93.14% cases were graded A (qualitative score) implying good efficacy of bowel preparation, compared to 45.1% for Kleen-Prep and 69% for Fleet. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The split-dose regimen of Citramag/Senna meets the Joint Advisory Group (JAG) recommendation for bowel cleansing with efficacy of &gt;90% and is better than other regimens previously used in MYNHT. We also found this to be superior to Kleen-Prep and oral Fleet in terms of patient acceptability and adverse effects. Hence, we recommend continuing with the current regimen, and re-assessing this to ensure ongoing efficacy/benefit. BBPS should be considered for use as a standard scoring tool for assessing efficacy of bowel preparation. However, further validation is required to demonstrate its applicability in day-to-day endoscopy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>References</h3> BSG quality and safety indicators for endoscopy. Mar 2007 Calderwood A &amp; Jacobson B. Comprehensive validation of Boston bowel preparation scale. Gastrointestinal Endosc. 2010 October; 72(4): 686–692
Making decisions for people with dementia who lack capacity: qualitative study of family carers in UK
Authors: G. Livingston, G. Leavey, M. Manela, D. Livingston, G. Rait, E. Sampson, S. Bavishi, K. Shahriyarmolki, C. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To identify common difficult decisions made by family carers on behalf of people with dementia, and facilitators of and barriers to such decisions, in order to produce information for family carers about overcoming barriers. <b>Design</b> Qualitative study to delineate decision areas through focus groups and complexity of decision making in individual interviews. <b>Setting</b> Community settings in London. <b>Participants</b> 43 family carers of people with dementia in focus groups and 46 carers who had already made such decisions in individual interviews. <b>Results</b> Family carers identified five core problematic areas of decision making: accessing dementia related health and social services; care homes; legal-financial matters; non-dementia related health care; and making plans for the person with dementia if the carer became too ill to care for them. They highlighted the difficulties in making proxy decisions, especially against active resistance, and their altered role of patient manager while still a family member. Families devised strategies to gain agreement in order to ensure that the person with dementia retained dignity. <b>Conclusions</b> The following strategies helped with implementation of decisions: introducing change slowly; organising legal changes for the carer as well as the patient; involving a professional to persuade the patient to accept services; and emphasising that services optimised, not impeded, independence. To access services, carers made patients’ general practice appointments, accompanied them to the surgery, pointed out symptoms, gained permission to receive confidential information, asked for referral to specialist services, and used professionals’ authority to gain patients’ agreement. End of life decisions were particularly difficult. They were helped by knowledge of the person with dementia’s previous views, clear prognostic information, and family support. Information sheets to help carers to overcome barriers to proxy decision making have been developed; their impact in practice has yet to be evaluated.
How a charity oversells mammography
Authors: S. Woloshin, L. M. Schwartz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In their occasional series highlighting the exaggerations, distortions, and selective reporting that make some news stories, advertising, and medical journal articles "not so," <b>Lisa M Schwartz</b> and <b>Steven Woloshin</b> explain how a charity used misleading statistics to persuade women to undergo mammography
Release of arachidonate from membrane phospholipids in cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells during adenosine triphosphate depletion. Correlation with the progression of cell injury.
Authors: K R Chien, A Sen, R Reynolds, A Chang, Y Kim, M D Gunn, L M Buja, J T Willerson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The present study utilized a cultured myocardial cell model to evaluate the relationship between the release of arachidonate from membrane phospholipids, and the progression of cell injury during ATP depletion. High-energy phosphate depletion was induced by incubating cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells with various combinations of metabolic inhibitors (deoxyglucose, oligomycin, cyanide, and iodoacetate). Phospholipid degradation was assessed by the release of radiolabeled arachidonate from membrane phospholipids. In this model, the current study demonstrates that (a) cultured myocardial cells display a time-dependent progression of cell injury during ATP depletion; (b) the morphologic patterns of mild and severe cell injury in the cultured cells are similar to those found in intact ischemic canine myocardial models; (c) cultured myocardial cells release arachidonate from membrane phospholipids during ATP depletion; and (d) using two separate combinations of metabolic inhibitors, there is a correlation between the release of arachidonate, the development of severe cellular and sarcolemmal damage, the release of creatine kinase into the extracellular medium, and the loss of the ability of the myocardial cells to regenerate ATP when the metabolic inhibitors are removed. Thus, the present results suggest that during ATP depletion, in cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells, the release of arachidonate from myocardial membrane phospholipids is linked to the development of membrane defects and the associated loss of cell viability.
Mucosal Shedding of Human Herpesvirus 8 in Men
Authors: John Pauk, Meei-Li Huang, Scott J. Brodie, Anna Wald, David M. Koelle, Timothy Schacker, Connie Celum, Stacy Selke, Lawrence Corey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Epidemiologic studies suggest that human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is sexually transmitted among men who have sex with men; however, the mode of transmission is unclear.To evaluate the patterns of shedding of HHV-8, we obtained mucosal-secretion samples from a cohort of HHV-8-seropositive men who had sex with men and had no clinical evidence of Kaposi's sarcoma. Quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assays, in situ PCR assays, and in situ RNA hybridization were used to identify potential sources of infectious HHV-8.We detected HHV-8 in at least one mucosal sample from 30 of 50 men who were seropositive for HHV-8 (60 percent). Overall, HHV-8 was detected in 30 percent of oropharyngeal samples, as compared with 1 percent of anal and genital samples (P<0.001). In 39 percent of the HHV-8-seropositive men, HHV-8 was detected in saliva on more than 35 percent of the consecutive days on which samples were obtained. The median log titer of HHV-8 from the oral cavity was approximately 2.5 times as high as the titer at all other sites. In situ hybridization studies indicated that HHV-8 DNA and messenger RNA were present in oral epithelial cells. Among 92 men who had sex with men and who were seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a history of sex with a partner who had Kaposi's sarcoma, deep kissing with an HIV-positive partner, and the use of amyl nitrite capsules ("poppers") or inhaled nitrites were independent risk factors for infection with HHV-8.Oral exposure to infectious saliva is a potential risk factor for the acquisition of HHV-8 among men who have sex with men. Hence, currently recommended safer sex practices may not protect against HHV-8 infection.
News About Influenza B Drug Resistance That Cannot Be Ignored
Authors: Anne Moscona, Jennifer McKimm-Breschkin
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An assessment of factors influencing flexibility of human fingernails
Authors: ANDREW Y. FINLAY, PHILLIP FROST, ALEC D. KEITH, WALLACE SNIPES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

A new instrument has been developed and used to determine the effect of various materials on nail flexibility. It repeatedly flexes longitudinal nail sections through 90 degrees and records the number of flexions required to fracture each section. Immersion in water or a phospholipid-water preparation (PLW) greatly increases the flexibility of untreated and lipid extracted nails; immersion in mineral oil does not. Nail flexibility is directly related to the duration of their immersion in water. During water immersion, nail weight increases by 22% of its original weight within 2 h, and then decreases. The rapid increase in nail flexibility during water immersion is related to nail water content. It is possible to prolong the flexibility of previously hydrated nails by the application of PLW or mineral oil. PLW is more effective than water alone in prolonging flexibility of nails extracted with a mixture of acetone, water and acetic acid.