tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of enhanced Na-K-ATPase activity in cortical collecting duct from rats with nephrotic syndrome.
Authors: E Féraille, B Vogt, M Rousselot, C Barlet-Bas, L Cheval, A Doucet, H Favre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The maximal hydrolytic activity of Na-K-ATPase is specifically increased in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) of rats with puromycin-induced nephrotic syndrome (NS). This stimulation is independent of aldosterone and of endogenous ouabain-like substance. To investigate the mechanism responsible for this change, we compared the maximal Na-K-ATPase hydrolytic activity, the ouabain sensitive 86Rb influx, the specific [3H]ouabain binding, and the sensitivity of Na-K-ATPase to ouabain in the CCD of control rats and of rats given an intraperitoneal injection of puromycin 7 d before study. Both Na-K-ATPase activity and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb influx increased two-fold in rats with NS (ATPase activity: 34.1 +/- 2.1 vs. 18.0 +/- 0.7 pmol.mm-1 x min-1 +/- SE, n = 6, P < 0.001; Rb influx: 14.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 7.4 +/- 0.4 peq.min-1 +/- SE, n = 6, P < 0.001) whereas specific [3H]ouabain binding decreased in rats with NS (6.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.6 fmol.mm-1 +/- SE, n = 6, P < 0.005). Therefore, the maximal turnover rate of Na-K-ATPase increased over twofold in rats with NS (5,053 +/- 361 vs. 2,043 +/- 124 cycles.min-1 +/- SE, n = 6, P < 0.001). Analysis of the curves of inhibition of Na-K-ATPase by ouabain showed the presence of two Na-K-ATPase populations in both control and NS rats: a highly sensitive population (apparent Ki: 1.4 x 10(-6) M and 0.9 x 10(-6) M) and a less sensitive moiety (apparent Ki: 2.6 x 10(-4) M and 1.1 x 10(-4) M). The enhancement of Na-K-ATPase activity observed in the CCD of rats with NS was entirely due to the stimulation of the population of Na-K-ATPase with low ouabain sensitivity. These results suggest that a dysregulation of this subclass of Na-K-ATPase might be the primary cause of sodium retention in this model of nephrotic syndrome.
Book Review Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress Fifth edition. Edited by Kenneth L. Davis, Dennis Charney, Joseph T. Coyle, and Charles Nemeroff. 2010 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2002. $189. 0-7817-2837-1
Authors: Solomon H. Snyder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)
Hospital Clinic and Medical School
Authors: Samuel W. Lambert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Editorial1 October 1928Hospital Clinic and Medical SchoolSamuel W. Lambert, M.D.Samuel W. Lambert, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-4-376_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOn this occasion of mutual congratulation for Hospital and University it is my pleasant task to present the medical significance of the amalgamation of school and clinic under one roof. These buildings typify the ideals and dreams that have stimulated the teachers of medicine of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in their work for many years. I appreciate to the full the honor which has been done in delegating this opportunity to me.The Presbyterian Hospital founded in 1868 represents the humanitarian impulses of one of the Christian Churches in this City to carry out its whole duty to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1928Volume 2, Issue 4Page: 376-383KeywordsSurgeons ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
Platypnea-Orthodeoxia due to Aortic Elongation
Authors: Alfonso Medina, Jose Suarez de Lezo, Eduardo Caballero, Jose Ramon Ortega
Journal: Circulation (2001)

A 67-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with syncope was found to have platypnea-orthodeoxia caused by a dilated aortic root.A transesophageal echocardiogram was taken in the supine and sitting positions (Figure).The images taken in the supine position showed the foramen ovale was closed.The images taken in the sitting position show the foramen ovale was wide open, with a massive right-to-left shunt across the defect.Oxygen saturation fell precipitously from 92% to 75% in the sitting position.The patient underwent placement of an Amplatzer patent foramen ovale occluder device and was symptom-free 8 months later.Transesophageal echocardiogram in supine and sitting positions.Top left, Echogram taken in the supine position showing the foramen ovale is closed.Top right, Color Doppler image showing no right-to-left shunt.Bottom left, Echogram taken in the sitting position showing the foramen ovale is wide open (arrow).Bottom right, Color Doppler image showing a massive right-to-left shunt.
Low-Level Cigarette Smoking and Longitudinal Change in Serum Cholesterol Among Adolescents
Authors: James H. Dwyer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The current study was conducted to determine if smokers and nonsmokers differ in serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) before smoking initiation and if a decline in HDL-C levels could be detected among adolescents during the first two years of smoking. Changes in HDL-C levels and smoking were observed longitudinally in 1983, 1984, and 1985 among 691 seventh and eighth graders (age range, 12 to 14 years) from two German cities; 82% were nonsmokers at baseline. For these baseline nonsmokers, no differences in baseline HDL-C concentrations were found between those who became smokers and those who remained nonsmokers. In contrast, those who became light (one to 39 cigarettes per week) or moderate (greater than or equal to 40 cigarettes per week) smokers by one or two years after the initial examination evidenced lower mean HDL-C concentrations relative to persistent nonsmokers at follow-up, constituting a decrement of -0.016 mmol/L [SE = .035] (-0.6 mg/dL) [SE = 1.4] for light smokers and -0.114 mmol/L [SE = .064] (-4.4 mg/dL) [SE = 2.5] for moderate smokers. These findings suggest that short-term exposure to cigarette smoke at low levels may have atherogenic consequences.
Letter: Pyrimethamine poisoning.
Authors: J Armata
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Pyrimethamine PoisoningSIR,-In their extremely interesting article (20 October, p. 147) Dr. Olu Akinyanju and his colleagues reported two cases of pyrimethamine poisoning in children, in one of which the manifestations included convul- sions.Convulsions may also occur when pyrimethamine is given in therapeutic doses.'-:'Geils et al.' have shown that pyrimethamine mav be of valut in the treatment of leukaemia of the central nervous system; others2:3 have confirmed this but have shown that the drug is highly toxic.Th.re are known to be better and well- tried methods for the prophylaxis and treat- ment of C.N.S. leukaemia' and the use of pyrimethamine in this condition should therefore be limited to those cases in which other types of theraty are contra'ndicated or rJfused either by the Datient cr, in the case of a child, his oar7nls.In our exo2ri- ence,2 in thu' treatment of meningeal leukaemia pyrimethamine should not be used directly after mrthowrexate and its daily dosage should not exceed 2-3 mg/kg body weigh+.--Iam, etc.,
Posttransfusion Hepatitis in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia-Reply
Authors: Kenneth A. Foon
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Novak raises valid questions regarding accurate criteria for the diagnosis of posttransfusion hepatitis. In his own interesting manuscript (his reference 1), he, in fact, failed to define criteria for acute hepatitis clearly. In our study we chose to use criteria identical to those suggested by Barton and Conrad,<sup>1</sup>ie, SGOT greater than 50 IU/L on two or more consecutive measurements. These authors had reported an association between hepatitis and survival, and we were interested in directly comparing our data with theirs. Our criteria do not appear to differ substantially from that used by Dr Novak (SGOT, ≥60 IU/L). Most investigators, including ourselves, would agree that those are not ideal criteria on which to base the diagnosis of hepatitis. Although the lower limit in our analysis was SGOT greater than 50 IU/L, mean peak titers in hepatitis patients were considerably higher— SGOT, 568 IU/L, and SGPT, 710
Arterial Variations in Man: Classification and Frequency
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1986)

"Normal" (textbook) arterial blood supply is sometimes found in less than 30% of all cases for some arteries (such as the dorsal arteries of the foot), but occurs in over 95% for others. The deviation from normal can occur at an artery's origin, its topographical location, and the area it supplies. As opposed to "malformations" (which may negatively influence organ function under usual circumstances), "variations" usually become significant only when physicians have to do something. For instance, it makes no difference to the liver if it is fed by an aberrant hepatic artery, but if the physician wants to give selective arterial chemotherapy the variation becomes clinically important. When it can, this book estimates the frequency of specific arterial whimsicalities and wondrously explains the embryologic origins. More importantly, it classifies this capriciousness using 540 clinically useful schematic blue drawings. The book makes it easy to look up virtually any arterial
Polyclonal immunoglobulins from a chronic hepatitis C virus patient protect human liver–chimeric mice from infection with a homologous hepatitis C virus strain
Authors: Thomas Vanwolleghem, Jens Bukh, Philip Meuleman, Isabelle Desombere, Jean-Christophe Meunier, Harvey Alter, Robert H. Purcell, Geert Leroux-Roels
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The role of the humoral immune response in the natural course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is widely debated. Most chronically infected patients have immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies capable of neutralizing HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) in vitro . It is, however, not clear whether these IgG can prevent a de novo HCV infection in vivo and contribute to the control of viremia in infected individuals. We addressed this question with homologous in vivo protection studies in human liver–urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)+/+ severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice. Chimeric mice were loaded with chronic phase polyclonal IgG and challenged 3 days later with a 100% infectious dose of the acute phase H77C virus, both originating from patient H. Passive immunization induced sterilizing immunity in five of eight challenged animals. In the three nonprotected animals, the HCV infection was attenuated, as evidenced by altered viral kinetics in comparison with five control IgG-treated animals. Plasma samples obtained from the mice at viral challenge neutralized H77C-HCVpp at dilutions as high as 1/400. Infection was completely prevented when, before administration to naïve chimeric mice, the inoculum was pre-incubated in vitro at an IgG concentration normally observed in humans. Conclusion: Polyclonal IgG from a patient with a long-standing HCV infection not only displays neutralizing activity in vitro using the HCVpp system, but also conveys sterilizing immunity toward the ancestral HCV strain in vivo , using the human liver–chimeric mouse model. Both experimental systems will be useful tools to identify neutralizing antibodies for future clinical use.
An update and guidance on narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy: a British Photodermatology Group Workshop Report
Authors: S.H. Ibbotson, D. Bilsland, N.H. Cox, R.S. Dawe, B. Diffey, C. Edwards, P.M. Farr, J. Ferguson, G. Hart, J. Hawk, J. Lloyd, C. Martin, H. Moseley, K. McKenna, L.E. Rhodes, D.K. Taylor
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Summary These guidelines for use of narrowband (TL‐01) ultraviolet B have been prepared for dermatologists by the British Photodermatology Group on behalf of the British Association of Dermatologists. They present evidence‐based guidance for treatment of patients with a variety of dermatoses and photodermatoses, with identification of the strength of evidence available at the time of preparation of the guidelines, and a brief overview of background photobiology.
Effect of immunisation against vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on gastric corpus tone and motility in the ferret.
Authors: D Grundy, M K Gharib-Naseri, D Hutson
Journal: Gut (1992)

The role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the control of gastric corpus tone and motility was investigated using auto-antibodies to neutralise endogenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Six ferrets were immunised with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide thyroglobulin conjugate in Freund's complete adjuvant which resulted in a significant increase in plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide binding activity compared with unimmunised control animals. In acute experiments the level of spontaneous motility in the period immediately after completion of the surgical preparation was 15 times higher in immunised v control animals (p < 0.02). Surprisingly, however, there was no deficit in the ability of the corpus to accommodate fluid. Peak pressure at the end of a 20 ml ramp distension was not different in immunised animals (5.7 (0.6) cm H2O) compared with controls (4.8 (0.3) cm H2O). It is concluded that the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory mechanisms regulating corpus tone and motility are different and that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide acts primarily to regulate phasic contractile activity. Alternatively, because of plasticity in the mechanisms controlling corpus tone, the effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide may have been superceded during the timecourse of the immunisation procedure.
The small GTPase Rac1 links the Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus vGPCR to cytokine secretion and paracrine neoplasia
Authors: Silvia Montaner, Akrit Sodhi, Joan-Marc Servitja, Amanda K. Ramsdell, Ana Barac, Earl T. Sawai, J. Silvio Gutkind
Journal: Blood (2004)
Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements as PCR-based targets are stable markers for monitoring minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia after stem cell transplantation
Authors: H Kreyenberg, C Eckert, Y Yarkin, M Reising, A Willasch, R Handgretinger, B Kremens, A von Stackelberg, G Henze, T Klingebiel, P Bader
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Fecal Assays Detect Hypersensitivity to Cow's Milk Protein and Gluten in Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Antonio Carroccio, Ignazio Brusca, Pasquale Mansueto, Maurizio Soresi, Alberto D'Alcamo, Giuseppe Ambrosiano, Ilenia Pepe, Giuseppe Iacono, Maria Letizia Lospalluti, Stella M. La Chiusa, Gaetana di Fede
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Sensitization to petrolatum: an unusual cause of false‐positive drug patch‐tests
Authors: G. Ulrich, J. L. Schmutz, Ph. Trechot, N. Commun, A. Barbaud
Journal: Allergy (2004)

We report on an unexpected sensitization to petrolatum diagnosed with the occurrence of multiple nonrelevant and false‐positive drug patch‐tests performed while investigating a patient suffering from many cutaneous adverse drug reactions. All the positive drug patch‐tests were prepared with GILBERT ® vaseline. This petrolatum reaction is positive as it was tested with five other brands of petrolatums a few months later. As the same petrolatums, but from different batches were tested, patch‐tests with GILBERT ® petrolatum were doubtful, while other petrolatums were positive. White petrolatum is a mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons of the methane series. The sensitizing impurities of petrolatum are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. phenanthrene derivatives. The purity of petrolatum depends on both the petroleum stock and on the production and packaging methods. Even if rare, contact sensitization to petrolatum can disturb the interpretation of drug patch‐tests. It is necessary in the interpretation of drug patch‐tests to test both in petrolatum and other vehicles and with all the different petrolatums used in preparing the material for drug patch‐tests. So, it is essential to advise the patients sensitized to petrolatum to remove all the topical drugs, such as all the cosmetics, which contain petrolatum in their formulation.
Genomic DNA hypomethylation as a biomarker for bladder cancer susceptibility in the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study: a case–control study
Authors: Lee E Moore, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Cristina Poscablo, Francisco X Real, Manolis Kogevinas, Debra Silverman, Reina García-Closas, Stephen Chanock, Adonina Tardón, Consol Serra, Alfredo Carrato, Mustafa Dosemeci, Montserrat García-Closas, Manel Esteller, Mario Fraga, Nathaniel Rothman, Núria Malats
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2008)
Financial Incentives to Improve Quality
Authors: Jeremiah R. Brown, Harold C. Sox, David C. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Wayne Gretzky once explained how he became a hockey player of genius: “I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has been.” Since the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program, hospitals have been ever more focused on playing to the puck to avoid financial penalties for high rates of early readmission. This Viewpoint examines the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program as an example of similar initiatives by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and discusses the increasing use of financial penalties for changing the behavior of hospitals.
A molecular risk score based on 4 functional pathways for advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Beatriz Sánchez-Espiridión, Carlos Montalbán, Ángel López, Javier Menárguez, Pilar Sabín, Carmen Ruiz-Marcellán, Andrés Lopez, Rafael Ramos, Jose Rodríguez, Araceli Cánovas, Carmen Camarero, Miguel Canales, Javier Alves, Reyes Arranz, Agustín Acevedo, Antonio Salar, Sergio Serrano, Águeda Bas, Jose M. Moraleda, Pedro Sánchez-Godoy, Fernando Burgos, Concepción Rayón, Manuel F. Fresno, José García Laraña, Mónica García-Cosío, Carlos Santonja, Jose L. López, Marta Llanos, Manuela Mollejo, Joaquín González-Carrero, Ana Marín, Jerónimo Forteza, Ramón García-Sanz, Jose F. Tomás, Manuel M. Morente, Miguel A. Piris, Juan F. García
Journal: Blood (2010)
Peptide-secreting tumours with special reference to the pancreas.
Authors: W Sircus
Journal: Gut (1969)

Peptide-secreting tumours with special reference to the pancreas An exciting frontier of expanding medical knowledge is that which re- lates the secretion of humoral substances to tumours.A massive literature has accumulated in the last decade which bears witness to the existence of a number of situations in which neoplasia, or occasionally hyperplasia, of certain endocrine organs are associated with the secretion into the circulation of such quantities of agents which have pharmacologically demonstrable activity, and produce comparable degrees of physiological disturbance, as to constitute a risk to life.It has become clear that the variety of subjective and objective phenomena experienced by the patient and observed by the clinical scientist is a function of the multiplicity of biologically active substances elaborated and secreted.These effects tend to form clinically identifiable constellations.With incomplete understanding of the relation between cause and effect in individual cases, it is inevitable that these constellations have been described as separate syndromes often bearing the names of the authors first directing attention to them.The complexity of the normal endocrine systems encourages the arbitrary separation of entities even where authors have recognized that physiological and clinical com- ponents of different syndromes overlapped.There is a continued need for vigilant clinical observations and also for pharmacological and physiological studies of individual patients which, by exposing the mechanisms in the abnormal, not only promise benefit to the patients for whom the risk to life is high, but will expand our understanding of the normal.Recognition comes to the prepared mind.The first description of functioning carcinoma of the islet cells of the pancreas included nephrolithiasis and intractable peptic ulceration.1This is now appreciable as reflecting a disturbance ofphysiology beyond the overproduction of insulin to which the authors gave their whole attention.Likewise in the first descriptions of intractable peptic ulcera- tion accompanying an insulinoma,23 the possible significance of a relationship between the pancreas and the stomach was lost.In the instance of the 'insulinoma' described by Strom,3 the history and patho- logy was, in fact, not that of a typical beta cell adenoma and the patient at no time had hypoglycaemia.It is to the credit of Zollinger and Ellison4 that they had the wit to gather the evidence of these and other experiences, including their own, and so to trigger enormous interest at least in the relationship of the pancreas to the stomach.Despite the subsequent surge of enquiry, more remains to be known than is already discovered.A legion of syndromes is now evident which relates the secretion of humoral substances to tumours and in which many features are held 506 on July 21, 2023 by guest.