tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HLA class II genes in chronic hepatitis C virus-infection and associated immunological disorders
Authors: M Congia, M G Clemente, C Dessi, F Cucca, A P Mazzoleni, F Frau, R Lampis, A Cao, M E Lai, S De Virgiliis
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To investigate the factors that may confer susceptibility or protection to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to HCV–associated immunological disorders, we designed two studies on 420 Sardinian transfusion–dependent thalassemia patients followed in our department in Cagliari since 1974. The first one was an epidemiological survey aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HCV infection and HCV–associated immunological disorders. In the second study, the distribution of different HLA class II genes was examined by DNA analysis in 116 HCV positive patients, 30 HCV negative patients, and 606 healthy controls. Three hundred fourteen patients became infected with HCV (74.7%) after 5.6 ± 2.8 years of regular transfusion program. Mixed cryoglobulinemia, purpura, arthritis, proteinuria, decreased complement levels, rheumatoid factor and anti–GOR, smooth muscle antibody (SMA), anti–nuclear antibody (ANA), and liver, kidney microsome (LKM) autoantibodies were significantly more represented in HCV positive patients than in negative ones ( P &lt; .05). A significant increase of HLA class II DR2 subtype (DRB1*1601,DQB1*0502) was observed in a group of 30 HCV negative patients who despite 10.3 ± 2.2 years in a regular blood transfusion program did not show any evidence of HCV infection ( P c &lt; .0092). Our results represent clear evidence for a relationship between HCV infection and immune extrahepatic abnormalities. A gene(s) located in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region may play an important role in conferring protection against HCV infection.
The STOP-NIDDM Trial: An international study on the efficacy of an α-glucosidase inhibitor to prevent type 2 diabetes in a population with impaired glucose tolerance: rationale, design, and preliminary screening data
Authors: Jean-Louis Chiasson, Roman Gomis, Markolf Hanefeld, Robert G Josse, Avraham Karasik, Markku Laakso
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To describe the rationale and design, and to discuss the preliminary screening data, of the Study to Prevent NIDDM (STOP-NIDDM Trial), an international study on the efficacy of the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose in preventing or delaying the development of type 2 diabetes in a population with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,418 subjects diagnosed with IGT according to the World Health Organization's criteria and having a fasting plasma glucose concentration ≥5.6 mmol/l were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive either acarbose (100 mg t.i.d.) or placebo for a predictive median follow-up period of 3.9 years. The primary outcome is the development of type 2 diabetes diagnosed using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test according to the new criteria. The secondary outcomes are changes in blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular events, and morphometric profile. RESULTS Screening was performed in a high-risk population. As of 1 March 1997, 4,424 subjects had been screened, and data were available for 3,919 (88.5%) subjects. Of these subjects, 1,200 (30.6%) had glucose intolerance. Of the subjects with glucose intolerance, 521 (13.3%) had previously undetected type 2 diabetes, and 679 (17.3%) had IGT. Of the IGT population, 412 (60.7%) subjects were eligible for the study. This population had the following characteristics: the mean age was 54.8 years, 52% of the subjects were female, 53% had more than one risk factor for type 2 diabetes, &amp;gt;90% had a family history of diabetes, 78.2% had a BMI ≥27 kg/m2, 47.5% had high blood pressure, 51.2% had dyslipidemia, and 22.8% of the women had a history of gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Screening of a high-risk population yields one eligible subject per every 10 volunteers screened. This study should definitely answer the question of whether acarbose can prevent or delay the progression of IGT to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation in a 7-year-old girl: case report and discussion of differences from erythema dyschromicum perstans
Authors: A. Volz, D. Metze, M. Böhm, L. Bruckner-Tuderman, D. Nashan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation in a 7‐year‐old girl: case report and discussion of differences from erythema dyschromicum perstans Get access A. Volz, A. Volz Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Metze, D. Metze Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany E‐mail: andreas.volz@uniklinik‐freiburg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Böhm, M. Böhm Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany E‐mail: andreas.volz@uniklinik‐freiburg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Bruckner‐Tuderman, L. Bruckner‐Tuderman Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Nashan D. Nashan Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 4, 1 October 2007, Pages 839–840, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08127.x Published: 01 October 2007
Potential biases do not affect results of waiting time study
Authors: B. Dowling
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Nick Black's helpful letter1 raises four potential biases in my study that may affect the conclusion that fundholding reduces waiting times.2

His first point concerned the accuracy of my database. I have now made random checks of patients' details at general practices in the catchment areas of all four providers. These confirmed the accuracy of the database.

View this table:

Median waits of patients of non-fundholders and fundholders for elective operations covered by fundholding scheme for four …
Drug Eruptions Due to Meprobamate
Authors: George M. Stroud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE ataractic or tranquilizing drugs are widely used both with and without prescription. Many articles regarding them have appeared in popular magazines. Meprobamate† is one of the most commonly employed tranquilizers. In clinical trials with this drug1 2 3 a skin eruption developed in 2 of 421 patients. Only two articles4 , 5 were found dealing specifically with eruptions due to meprobamate.The present report includes 5 cases of meprobamate eruptions. The first 4 were published briefly elsewhere.4 Case ReportsCase 1. A 45-year-old woman who, a short time previously, had been in a mental institution because of a psychotic episode, had a severe . . .
PPARα activation improves endothelial dysfunction and reduces fibrosis and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Aina Rodríguez-Vilarrupla, Bàrbara Laviña, Héctor García-Calderó, Lucia Russo, Eugenio Rosado, Núria Roglans, Jaume Bosch, Joan Carles García-Pagán
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Characterization of a novel aldose reductase inhibitor, FR74366, and its effects on diabetic cataract and neuropathy in the rat
Authors: Shizuo Ao, Yasuhiko Shingu, Chie Kikuchi, Yukiko Takano, Kazuhiko Nomura, Tatsujiro Fujiwara, Yoshitaka Ohkubo, Yoshitada Notsu, Isamu Yamaguchi
Journal: Metabolism (1991)
Defining Clinically Insignificant Prostate Cancer-Reply
Authors: James A. Dugan
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —The purpose of our study was precisely to evaluate 337 surgically removed cancerous prostate glands by careful histopathologic analysis and to determine how many of these cancers might have become clinically significant over time. Indeed, most patients had potentially clinically significant cancer at the time of surgery, ie, cancers with the potential to develop metastatic disease had the patients not been operated on and had deferred to a conservative program of watchful waiting without treatment. On this basis we concluded that most patients did not undergo unnecessary operations. It was our intent to show that in addition to cancer volume, 1 Gleason score, age, and assumed cancer volume doubling time must be included in defining potentially clinically significant cancer.  Whether the operations were necessary, defined as successful in preventing clinical disease or death from prostate cancer, is important. This represents 337 patient follow-ups and is an entirely different issue
Disability as identified from general practice records.
Authors: D M Fleming, C P Elliott-Binns
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Thirty eight doctors who attended a postgraduate educational course provided information about disabled patients identified in a search of 7000 records. Disablement was defined as a major disruption to the normal lifestyle of patients in appropriate age and sex groups. Altogether 242 people were identified as disabled, equivalent to 32 per 1000 population, which is closely similar to that published by Harris, who identified patients by postal questionnaire. Among adults aged 15 to 64 more men were identified than women, and we suggest that a higher rate of disablement might be expected in men. Disablement among women may be underestimated because of underrecognition by doctors of disability in housewives. Fifty two per cent of all disabled people were able to attend the doctor9s surgery, and 72% were receiving regular medication; 79% were dependent on relatives, but only 30% were dependent on statutory services. In the opinion of the recording doctors medical and nursing needs were well met, though not the social needs, where the importance of living alone is noteworthy.
Clinical Outcome of Small Cell Lung Cancer with Pericardial Effusion but without Distant Metastasis
Authors: Seiji Niho, Kaoru Kubota, Kiyotaka Yoh, Koichi Goto, Hironobu Ohmatsu, Keiji Nihei, Yuichiro Ohe, Yutaka Nishiwaki
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Cellular mechanisms of acute lung injury: implications for future treatment in the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: E N Wardle
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Cellular mechanisms of acute lung injury: implications for future treatment in the adult respiratory distress syndrome Although I agree that antibodies to adhesive molecules will have a role in treating the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as neutrophil activation by C5a forms the basis of the injury I cannot understand why Drs S C Donnelly and C Haslett (April 1992;47: 260-3) fail to give credit to the overriding importance of endotoxaemia.Since there are so many mechanisms and mediators con- cerned in ARDS, just as there are in Gram negative bacterial shock, there has to be a common trigger-that is, usually, lipopoly- saccharide (cf fig 2).It seems that mistrust has arisen from the results of two sets of experiments conducted by Haslett et al, in particular the one in which a synergistic effect of a small dose of lipopoly- saccharide and C5a was seen.Yet in fact endotoxin itself produces C5a.In my ex- periments conducted in 1970-72 it was clear that endotoxin caused acute lung injury with all the features of ARDS.The details of the mechanisms were reviewed by Brigham and Meyrick' in 1986.In recent years several groups have described endotoxaemia at the onset of ARDS.'4Thus I feel sure that the emphasis will switch to means of combating endotoxaemia.
Critical Thinking in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Daniel C. West, J. Richard Pomeroy, Jeanny K. Park, Elise A. Gerstenberger, Jonathan Sandoval
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextTools to assess the evolving conceptual framework of physicians-in-training are limited, despite their critical importance to physicians' evolving clinical expertise. Concept mapping assessment (CMA) enables teachers to view students' organization of their knowledge at various points in training.ObjectiveTo assess whether CMA reflects expected differences and changes in the conceptual framework of resident physicians, whether concept maps can be scored reliably, and how well CMA scores relate to the results of standard in-training examination.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA group of 21 resident physicians (9 first-year and 12 second- and third-year residents) from a university-based pediatric training program underwent concept map training, drew a preinstruction concept map about seizures, completed an education course on seizures, and then drew a postinstruction map. Maps were scored independently by 3 raters using a standardized method. The study was conducted in May and June 1999.Main Outcome MeasuresPreinstruction map total scores and subscores in 4 categories compared with postinstruction map scores; map scores of second- and third-year residents compared with first-year residents; and interrater correlation of map scores.ResultsTotal CMA scores increased after instruction from a mean (SD) preinstruction map score of 429 (119) to a mean postinstruction map score of 516 (196) (P = .03). Second- and third-year residents scored significantly higher than first-year residents before instruction (mean [SD] score of 472 [116] vs 371 [102], respectively; P = .04), but not after instruction (mean [SD] scores, 561 [203] vs 456 [179], respectively; P = .16). Second- and third-year residents had greater preinstruction map complexity as measured by cross-link score (P = .01) than first-year residents. The CMA score had a weak to no correlation with the American Board of Pediatrics In-training Examination score (r = 0.10-0.54). Interrater correlation of map scoring ranged from weak to moderate for the preinstruction map (r = 0.51-0.69) and moderate to strong for the postinstruction map (r = 0.74-0.88).ConclusionsOur data provide preliminary evidence that concept mapping assessment reflects expected differences and change in the conceptual framework of resident physicians. Concept mapping assessment and standardized testing may measure different cognitive domains.
Regulatory dendritic cells protect against allergic airway inflammation in a murine asthmatic model
Authors: Shigeharu Fujita, Naomi Yamashita, Yasuyuki Ishii, Yumiko Sato, Kaori Sato, Kawori Eizumi, Tomohiro Fukaya, Risa Nozawa, Yukiko Takamoto, Naohide Yamashita, Masaru Taniguchi, Katsuaki Sato
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
The prevalence of skin‐test‐positive allergic rhinitis in Danish adults: two cross‐sectional surveys 8 years apart.The Copenhagen Allergy Study
Authors: A. Linneberg, T. Jørgensen, N. Henrik Nielsen, F. Madsen, L. Frølund, A. Dirksen
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: It is disputed whether increases in self‐reported respiratory allergy represent a true increase or merely increased recognition. We aimed to investigate whether the prevalence of skin‐prick‐test (SPT)‐positive allergic rhinitis had increased in an adult general population in Copenhagen, Denmark. Methods: Two cross‐sectional surveys were carried out in 1990 and 1998. A screening questionnaire on respiratory symptoms in random samples of 15–41‐year‐olds preceded both surveys. Among the responders, random samples were invited to a health examination including SPT. Totals of 312 (participation rate 74.6%) and 482 (participation rate 53.4%) subjects were examined in 1990 and 1998, respectively. Diagnoses of SPT‐positive allergic rhinitis were based on a history of nasal symptoms on exposure to allergens and SPT positivity to allergens. Results: The prevalence of a diagnosis of SPT‐positive allergic rhinitis increased from 12.9% to 22.5% (adjusted odds ratio 1.94, 95% CI 1.30–2.90), whereas the prevalence of a positive SPT (allergen histamine wheal ratio ≥0.5) to one or more of 10 allergens increased from 27.7% to 33.9% (adjusted odds ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.05–2.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of SPT‐positive allergic rhinitis has increased significantly. Our findings indicate that a true increase in respiratory allergy has occurred.
Differential Patterns of Release and Suppression of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormon in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women and in Subjects with Gonadal Disorders.
Authors: D. S. Schalch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Differential Patterns of Release and Suppression of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormon in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women and in Subjects with Gonadal Disorders.D. S. Schalch, M.D., L. A. Lee, B.S., R. C. Boon, M.D.D. S. Schalch, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, L. A. Lee, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, R. C. Boon, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1145_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe simultaneous measurement of changes in plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by radioimmunoassay has revealed distinctly different patterns of release and suppression of these two hormones. This is true in young women during normal menstrual cycles, in postmenopausal women, and in subjects with primary and secondary gonadal disorders treated with estrogen, testosterone, or clomiphene. In five of nine women with normal menstrual cycles, FSH levels (mean values in parentheses) rose markedly both during the follicular phase (8.3 µg/ ml) and at midcycle (10.7 mµg/ml), while LH rose only at midcycle (12.1 mµg/ml). Moderate doses of estrogen only... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByBilateral Adrenalectomy for Advanced Prostatic CarcinomaAntepartum Pituitary Insufficiency in Diabetes MellitusDON S. SCHALCH, M.D., S. ZANE BURDAY, M.D. 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1145-1145KeywordsBlood plasmaEstrogensFollicle stimulating hormoneFollicle-stimulating hormoneLuteinizing hormoneMenstrual cycleRadioimmunoassaysTestosterone Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Current status of pediatric umbilical cord blood transplantation in Korea: A multicenter retrospective analysis of 236 cases
Authors: Keon Hee Yoo, Soo Hyun Lee, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo, Nak Gyun Chung, Bin Cho, Hack Ki Kim, Hyoung Jin Kang, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn, Hee Jo Baek, Dong Kyun Han, Hoon Kook, Tai Ju Hwang, Sun Young Kim, Young Ho Lee, Jeong Ok Hah, Ho Joon Im, Jong Jin Seo, Sang Kyu Park, Hyun Joo Jung, Jun Eun Park, Yeon Jung Lim, Seong Shik Park, Young Tak Lim, Eun Sun Yoo, Kyung Ha Ryu, Hyeon Jin Park, Byung Kiu Park
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

We report the outcome of 236 pediatric umbilical cord blood transplantations (UCBT) performed in Korea. Given that the sources of the grafts were mostly unrelated donors (n = 226; 95.8%), only the results of unrelated UCBT were included for all statistics. The most frequent primary disease was acute leukemia (n = 167). In total, 91.7% of recipients were seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV). The median doses of nucleated cells and CD34+ cells were 4.84 × 10(7)/kg and 2.00 × 10(5)/kg, respectively. The median times to neutrophil (>0.5 × 10(9)/L) and platelet recovery (>20 × 10(9)/L) were 18 and 45 days, respectively. Grade 2-4 acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD developed in 41.1 and 36.1% of cases, respectively. Forty-five patients developed CMV disease. The 5-year overall and event-free survival were 47.5 and 36.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that adverse factors for survival of the whole cohort were total body irradiation-based conditioning (P = 0.007), salvage transplant (P = 0.001), failure to achieve early complete chimerism (P < 0.0005), and CMV disease (P = 0.001). The outcomes of the single- and double-unit UCBT (n = 64) were similar, while double-unit recipients were heavier (P < 0.0005) and older (P < 0.0005). We conclude that double-unit UCBT is a reasonable option for older or heavier children and that the thorough surveillance of CMV infection and the development of an effective CMV therapeutic strategy may be especially important for Korean children, whose CMV seroprevalence exceeds 90%.
Blood flow measurements in autotransplanted pancreatic islets of the rat. Impairment of the blood perfusion of the graft during hyperglycemia.
Authors: S Sandler, L Jansson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

No information is available on the rate of blood flow in transplanted islets. In this study, adult rats were partially depancreatized, and islets from the excised pancreas were then isolated, maintained for 7 d in tissue culture, and subsequently transplanted back to the animal, beneath the renal capsule. Some rats were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin before transplantation. A month after transplantation the blood flow of the grafts was measured by a microsphere technique. Autotransplantation to streptozotocin-diabetic rats of approximately 500 islets did not revert the hyperglycemia, and the blood flow of these grafts was approximately 25% of that in the normoglycemic-transplanted rats. However, in insulin-treated diabetic rats the blood flow of the pancreatic graft was similar to that in the normoglycemic rats. The present results suggest that the blood flow in transplanted islets is markedly diminished by hyperglycemia and that this can be enhanced by insulin administration.
...but linked to patent law
Authors: Tinker Ready
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)

Within days of the vote to ban somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) being defeated, Senator Sam Brownback tried another tack, proposing instead to ban patents on SCNTderived material.Many believe the new proposal is simply an alternate route to a cloning ban."You're taking away the economic incentive for people to do the research," says Michael J. Werner, vice president for bioethics with the Biotechnology Industry Association."The biotechnology industry relies on intellectual property rights.If that's going to be denied you're going to see a drying up of this research."For years, scientific and environmental groups concerned about the long-term implications of bioengineering have argued that life forms are community property and should remain in the public domain.Legally, that has been a losing argument since 1980, when the US Supreme Court ruled that human-made microorganisms are patentable.That policy was extended to bioengineered plants and animals.
Mechanism of Slow Conduction at the Bulbo-ventricular Junction
Authors: HIROSHI IRISAWA, KIYOSHI HAMA, AYA IRISAWA
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

Delay of conduction of excitation from the ventricle to the bulbus cordis in the frog heart occurred mainly in the narrow junctional area on the ventricular side of the bulbus cordis tissue. The action potential of this tissue was different from that seen in the bulbus cordis and the ventricle, showing a low rate of depolarization and low resting potential. Several physiological phenomena which have been observed in this junctional tissue can also be seen in the A-V nodal tissue. Histological studies revealed a difference in the direction of fibers and the presence of special cells in the junctional tissue. The mechanism responsible for the low conduction velocity in this area can be attributed, in part, to the histological arrangement found in the junctional tissue.