tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term clinical experience with a topical retinoid
Authors: E.G. THORNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Topical tretinoin is a well-established treatment for acne, with a low incidence of reported adverse effects, most of which are local skin reactions. The retinoid has limited absorption through the skin, so that even with repeated applications plasma concentrations do not exceed normal endogenous levels. In mice, lifetime treatment with topical tretinoin improved skin texture and did not have any tumorigenic effects. Data from multicentre clinical trials have shown that 0·05% tretinoin emollient cream reduced fine wrinkling, surface roughness and mottled hyperpigmentation caused by photodamage. Improvement of these clinical signs was maintained after 12 months of daily tretinoin therapy, and regressed slowly after cessation of therapy. However, maintenance of the visible effects of topical tretinoin was reported after continued therapy with once or three times weekly applications of tretinoin emollient cream. Data from multicentre studies suggested that 0·1% tretinoin cream has a potential role in the treatment of solar keratoses. It is concluded that the application of tretinoin to photodamaged skin used in conjunction with sunscreens and judicious sun exposure is an effective regimen to treat the damaging cutaneous effects of chronic sun exposure.
Association between Actinic Keratoses and Potentially Photosensitizing Drugs
Authors: Marianne Placzek, Bernadette Eberlein-König, Bernhard Przybilla
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Actinic (or solar) keratosis is a potential precursor of squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin. Its development is related to the cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the ...
Colonic Varices Demonstrated by Technetium-99m Red Cell Scintigraphy
Authors: DAVID R. BRILL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Colonic varices is a rare condition, generally associated with portal hypertension, which normally presents as acute, severe, gastrointestinal blood loss. A case is presented in which the varicosities were observed serendipitously in a patient with a pancreatic tumor, in whom the bleeding was not variceal but due to two small unrelated gastric hemangiomas. The literature is reviewed and scintigraphic features described.
Abstract 120: Runx3 inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition promotes motility and invasiveness of colon cancer cells through reduction of ROS generation
Authors: Bo Ram Kim, Myoung Hee Kang, Jung Lim Kim, Yoo Jin Jang, Sun I. Lee, Jun Suk Kim, Sang Cheul Oh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Approximately 90% of all cancer deaths arise from the metastatic spread of primary tumours. Most colon cancer metastasis occurs. Runx3(runt-related transcription factor3) is known as tumor suppressor gene in gastrointestinal epithelium. Recent reports have been shown that loss of Runx3 induce proliferative effect in gastric cancer cells. However, their roles and underlying mechanism in colon cancer cell lines are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the function of Runx3 in human colon cancer cells. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells in response to using the Runx3 expression vector for various times were investigated using MTT, wound healing, and Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. The morphologic changes of colon cancer cells through the EMT process were monitored by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot assay for EMT markers Twist and Vimentin. We found that Runx3 overexpressing cell inhibited cell motility and invasiveness in colon cancer, and this process was enhanced by Runx3 siRNA. We observed that the mRNA expressions of Runx3 was enhanced by Runx3 overexpressing cell, whereas no increase of these factors was observed when the Runx3 siRNA was transfection. Overexpression of Runx3 decreases protein expression of EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition) markers. In addition, Runx3 knockdown upregulates MMP2 activity. The ROS production was decreased in Runx3-overexpressing cells. These results indicate that Runx3 signaling pathway can contribute to ROS generation enhancing the metastatic potential of tumor cells. Our findings suggest that Runx3 signaling processes through ROS and MMP2 the inhibition of these pathway blocked the metastatic potential of colon cancer cell lines. Citation Format: Bo Ram Kim, Myoung Hee Kang, Jung Lim Kim, Yoo Jin Jang, Sun Il Lee, Jun Suk Kim, Sang Cheul Oh. Runx3 inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition promotes motility and invasiveness of colon cancer cells through reduction of ROS generation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 120. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-120
New challenge for palliative care
Authors: N. Bosanquet
Journal: BMJ (1997)

For palliative care, the past decade has been a time of change and growth. In 1985 there were fewer than 100 hospices in Britain; now there are over 200. There are now 400 home care teams compared with fewer than 50 in 1985, and the specialty of palliative care medicine is well established.1 The next few years are likely to be more difficult. Research by Addington-Hall and McCarthy has shown that there is still much to be done.2 Their survey of the carers of 2074 patients who died of cancer in 20 districts showed that 88% of patients were reported to have been in pain, 66% were said to have found the pain extremely distressing, and 61% were said to have experienced it in the last week of life.

Higginson has projected an increased need for specialist palliative care from patients with non-cancer diagnoses.3 This might increase numbers of patients by at least 50%. There will be pressure …
Sustained Effects of Nitroglycerin Ointment in Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors: NATHANIEL REICHEK, ROBERT E. GOLDSTEIN, DAVID R. REDWOOD, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Cutaneous absorption of nitroglycerin is a well-documented phenomenon which may have unique advantages for the sustained prophylaxis of angina pectoris. Therefore, we have examined the effects of nitroglycerin ointment and placebo on exercise capacity in 14 patients with angina pectoris. Nitroglycerin ointment produced a significant increase in exercise capacity which persisted for at least three hours. Concomitant sustained changes in systolic blood pressure and resting heart rate were observed. Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia was significantly reduced. Chronic administration in six patients did not reduce the effects of either nitroglycerin ointment or sublingual nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin ointment appears to be a truly long-acting nitrate. While evidence of nitrate toxicity or tolerance was not observed in the present study, additional information is required before the widespread use of this agent can be recommended.
Absence of Vasoactive and Cardiotropic Substances in Coronary Sinus Blood of Dogs
Authors: R. W. JELLIFFE, C. R. WOLF, R. M. BERNE, R. W. ECKSTEIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Elucidation of the mechanism by which coronary flow is regulated has been attempted. Substances with coronary vasodilator or vasoconstrictor properties as well as those with inotropic or chronotropic effects on isolated frog hearts were sought in the coronary sinus blood of dogs. Blood draining normal, hypoxic or "overperfused" hearts was oxygenated in a dog lung or on a screen and perfused at a controlled pressure through a rotameter into a test coronary artery of the same or second dog; unoxygenated sinus blood was also perfused into an isolated beating frog heart connected to record heart rate and amplitude of contraction. No significant differences in flow rates were observed when the test artery was perfused with oxygenated coronary sinus blood as compared to flows metered during perfusion of the artery with arterial blood. Similarly, perfusion of unoxygenated coronary sinus blood into the isolated frog heart did not affect the rate or amplitude of contraction recorded during perfusion of the heart with arterial blood. These experiments, therefore, failed to demonstrate substances having vasoactive, inotropic, or chronotropic properties in the blood draining normal, hypoxic or "overperfused" dog hearts.
UKCCCR multicentre randomised controlled trial of one and two view mammography in breast cancer screening
Authors: N. J Wald, P. Murphy, P. Major, C. Parkes, J. Townsend, C. Frost
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To compare one view (oblique) and two view (oblique and craniocaudal) mammography in breast cancer screening. <b>Design</b>: Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b>: Nine breast screening centres in England. <b>Subjects</b>: 40163 women aged 50-64 attending their first breast screening examination. <b>Interventions</b>: Women were randomised to have one view mammography, two view mammography, or two view mammography in which one view was read by one reader and both views were read by another. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalence of cancer detected, recall rates, cost per cancer detected, and marginal cost per extra cancer detected. <b>Results</b>: Two view mammography detected 24% more women with breast cancer (95% confidence interval 16% to 31%) than one view mammography. Prevalence of detected cancer was 6.84 with two view mammography and 5.52 per 1000 women with one view. The proportion of women recalled for assessment was 15% lower (95% confidence interval 6% to 23%) with two view (6.97%) than with one view (8.16%) mammography. The cost of two view screening was higher (pounds sterling26.46 compared with pounds sterling22.00 per examination) but the average cost per cancer detected was similar (pounds sterling5330 compared with pounds sterling5310) and the marginal cost per extra cancer detected with two views was similar to the average cost (pounds sterling5400). <b>Conclusion</b>: Two view mammography is medically more effective than one view; it detects more cancers and reduces recall rates; it is also similarly cost effective financially.
A Rare Foreign Body: A Mouse Entrapped in the Adult Esophagus
Authors: P. L. Ren
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Figure 1 A foreign body entrapped in the esophagus is a rare finding in adults. It is usually associated with organic lesions, such as anastomotic narrowing or motor disorder. This particular 56-year-old man was suffering from epidermoid esophageal carcinoma. He had received a short course of radiotherapy, but later decided to investigate Chinese traditional therapy. He ate mice alive in the belief that a living mouse could dig through the narrow and rigid esophagus and thereby improve his dysphagia symptoms. After he had previously eaten 86 mice, a mouse became entrapped at the gastroesophageal junction. The mouse was removed using endoscopic foreign-body forceps. The endoscopic image shows the mouse and its tail, trapped at the narrow lumen of the gastroesophageal junction.
Abstract 3797: Luteolin induces cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells depending on superoxide-mediated MKP-1 degradation and JNK activation
Authors: Lang Bai, Shanling Xu, Xia Wang, Wei Ju, Wenjie Chen, Yong Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epidemiological studies have suggested luteolin (3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) as a potential cancer preventive agent. Recently we found that luteolin selectively kills lung cancer but not immortalized human normal bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). To elucidate the mechanism of luteolin's cancer cell killing activity, we investigated the cytotoxic cellular signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. The results show that luteolin potently induced both apoptosis and necrosis, which was associated with mitochondrion-dependent superoxide accumulation in lung cancer cells. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was substantially activated in luteolin treated cancer cells and luteolin-induced cytotoxicity was effectively blocked when JNK was inhibited. The reactive oxygen species scavengers BHA and NAC, which effectively block luteolin-induced superoxide accumulation, potently suppressed luteolin-induced JNK activation and cytotoxicity, suggesting that luteolin's lung cancer cell killing requires superoxide-mediated JNK activation. Furthermore, JNK activation was tightly associated with a superoxide-dependent rapid reduction of the JNK inactivating phosphatase MKP-1, which was mainly due to destabilizing MKP-1 protein. These results suggest that inhibiting MKP-1 is the main mechanism for luteolin-induced JNK activation. Thus, luteolin activates a novel cytotoxic pathway consisting of superoxide, MKP-1 and JNK in lung cancer cells. Interestingly, luteolin failed in inducing MKP-1 degradation and JNK activation and cell death in the HBECs, although superoxide induction by luteolin was comparable to that in lung cancer cells. Therefore, luteolin-induced cellular signaling in normal and lung cancer cells diverges at JNK activation. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of the speroxide/MKP1/JNK pathway underlies the main mechanism of luteolin's selective ctyotoxicity in lung cancer cells and manipulation of this pathway could be a useful approach for applying luteolin for lung cancer prevention and therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3797.
Doctors urged to present views in an objective way to the media
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Bilirubin, a product of heme metabolism, is the most potent endogenous antioxidant which increases in many oxidative stress conditions such as stroke. It has been widely known to exert neuroprotective effect on stroke through mechanisms involved in development, therefore, it can influence the occurrence and prognosis of ischaemic stroke (IS). In this review, studies were identified by a comprehensive search of Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register) and Web of Science to examine the correlation between serum bilirubin levels and risks of developing IS as well as IS outcomes. Additional studies were identified by reviewing references and contacting authors.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Action in the Pituitary: A Three Step Mechanism*
Authors: P. MICHAEL CONN, JAN MARIAN, MICHAEL MCMILLIAN, JUDY STERN, DELORIS ROGERS, MARK HAMBY, ANNA PENNA, ELTON GRANT
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1981)

CALCIUM fulfills the requirements of an intracellular mediator for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; pyro-Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-GIU-NH2)-stimulated gonadotropin release from the pituitary (1). Evidence from our laboratory and others now suggests that GnRH action may be divided into three sequential steps: 1) interaction of GnRH with a specific plasma membrane receptor; 2) mobilization of ionic calcium (Ca2+); and 3) expulsion of the contents of the gonadotropin secretory granule to the extracellular space. At present, considerable work remains to be done regarding the mechanism of Ca2+ mobilization in response to GnRH and its precise locus of action. This review describes experiments that led to the development of this model and summarizes recent progress. A. Introduction Early studies with hemipituitaries and pituitary slices (2) suggested that the ionic makeup of the incubation medium, especially with regard to Ca2+, influenced the release of pituitary hormones. These studies relied upon crude hypothalamic extracts instead of purified or synthetic GnRH and have been reviewed previously (3–6).
NHS Trust "condoned" abuse of elderly patients
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

An NHS trust allowed the repeated abuse of elderly patients to go unchecked for three years, a report by independent investigators has found.

Patients on a ward at the Garlands Hospital near Carlisle, run by the North Lakeland Healthcare NHS Trust, endured persistent “unprofessional, counter-therapeutic and degrading” treatment. They were tied to commodes and often denied ordinary food, clothing, and blankets, inspectors from the Commission for Health Improvement found.

An internal investigation by the trust was triggered after complaints from student nurses, but the trust failed to curtail the abuse. It was not until a second complaint was lodged by agency nurses in …
A CLINICAL STUDY OF BLOOD PRESSURE VARIATIONS IN DIABETES AND THEIR BEARING ON THE CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS.
Authors: ARTHUR R. ELLIOTT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The pathologic conditions of the circulation in diabetes and their bearing on the prognosis of that disease have been made a subject for publication by a number of observers, including Jaques Mayer, O. Israel, Schott, von Schmitz, Ebstein and Leonard Weber. My purpose in reopening the subject for discussion is to consider the question from the vascular standpoint and to submit certain observations on blood pressure in diabetes which I have conducted, covering a period of two years. Reports differ widely as to the condition of the heart in diabetes. There are undoubtedly many cases in which the heart is normal or where the state of the organ corresponds to the general nutritive condition. It would be an amazing exception to the rule of toxic degenerations if the circulatory system could withstand without detriment the irritation of so prolonged and in many cases so intense a toxemia as characterizes this
Monoclonal IgM Immunoglobulinemia in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Julio E. Lergier
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Serum protein electrophoresis in a 61-year-old woman with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis showed a monoclonal spike that was identified as IgM-k monoclonal immunoglobulinemia by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. There was no clinical evidence of myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or lymphoma, and the M component has not changed over a three-year observation period. This unusual occurrence may represent another disease entity that may be associated with nonmyelomatous monoclonal immunoglobulinemia. (<i>JAMA</i>231:171-173, 1975)
X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. Natural history of the immunodeficiency.
Authors: J L Sullivan, K S Byron, F E Brewster, S M Baker, H D Ochs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome is characterized by immunodeficiency to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) manifested by severe or fatal infectious mononucleosis and acquired immunodeficiency. We studied immune responses in six males of a well-characterized kindred with the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. Two males were studied before and during acute fatal EBV infection. Both individuals demonstrated normal cellular and humoral immunity before EBV infection. During acute EBV infection, both individuals developed vigorous cytotoxic cellular responses against EBV-infected and -uninfected target cells. Anomalous killer and natural killer T cell activity was demonstrated against a variety of lymphoid cell lines, autologous fibroblasts and autologous hepatocytes. Effector cells responsible for anomalous killing reacted with a pan-T cell monoclonal antibody, and belonged to the OKT.8 T cell subset. Death in each case was caused by liver failure, but one patient developed extensive liver necrosis, whereas the other developed a massive infiltration of the liver with EBV-infected immunoblasts after aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. Immunological studies were performed on four males who had survived EBV infection years previously. They demonstrated global cellular immune defects with deficiencies of lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens, humoral immune deficiencies, abnormalities of regulatory T cell subsets and deficient natural killer cell activity. We propose that an aberrant immune response triggered by acute EBV infection results in unregulated anomalous killer and natural killer cell activity against EBV infected and uninfected cells. These studies suggest that global immune defects appearing in males with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome who survive EBV infection are epiphenomenon.
IMPACT OF CONTRAST-INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY OR PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION ON LONG-TERM OUTCOMES: A POOLED ANALYSIS FROM THE HORIZONS-AMI AND ACUITY TRIALS
Authors: Daniele Giacoppo, Roxana Mehran, Sameer Bansilal, Bernhard Witzenbichler, George Dangas, Ajay Kirtane, Helen Parise, Ran Kornowski, Sorin Brener, Philippe Genereux, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Are the Peers Peers?
Authors: Richard A. Daynard
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read the critique of the peer review process for tobacco control policy grants by Drs Glantz and Bero<sup>1</sup>with particular interest, having been the sole member of the California TRDRP Behavioral and Public Health Research on Tobacco Study Section whose primary expertise was in tobacco policy research. My experience from inside this peer review process fits precisely with the authors' external observations. Most section members were behavioral researchers, with expertise in studying and modifying tobacco use behavior. This area of study and intervention constitutes less than half of current research and practice in tobacco control: the larger remainder includes studies of relevant tobacco industry and government behavior, innovative interventions, and the development and analysis of comprehensive government policies. To appreciate the range of concerns and methodologies reflected in state-of-the-art tobacco control work, one need only peruse any issue of<i>Tobacco Control: An International Journal</i>(including
P-wave and QT Dispersions for Predicting Early Death in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Çağdaş Akgüllü, Ufuk Eryılmaz, Evrin Dağtekin, Mehmet Akdeniz, Hasan Güngör, Cemil Zencir, Tarkan Tekten, Osman Alper Onbaşılı, Ceyhun Ceyhan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hu and Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) Antibodies Related to the Prognosis of Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: S.E. Monstad, L. Drivsholm, A. Storstein, J.H. Aarseth, M. Haugen, B. Lang, A. Vincent, C.A. Vedeler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Hu antibodies previously have been associated with longer survival of patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) antibodies play a pathogenic role in Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome, which is also associated with SCLC. These antibodies may reduce tumor growth in patients with the neurologic disease, but it is not clear whether they provide prognostic information in those without neurologic symptoms.Two hundred patients with SCLC (age 39 to 79 years; mean, 62.3 years; 129 males and 71 females) receiving chemotherapy were studied for the presence of Hu and VGCC antibodies. Sera were examined for Hu antibodies by an in vitro transcription-translation-based immunoprecipitation technique and by immunohistochemistry/dot blot. VGCC (P/Q subtype) antibodies were detected by radioimmunoassay. Survival analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Hu antibodies were detected in 51 of 200 patients (25.5%) by in vitro transcription-translation-based immunoprecipitation and in 37 of 200 patients (18.5%) by immunohistochemistry or dot blot, whereas VGCC antibodies were detected in only 10 of 200 patients (5%). The presence of Hu antibodies did not correlate with VGCC antibodies, and there was no association between Hu or VGCC antibodies and the extent of disease or survival.Hu and VGCC antibodies are found in a proportion of SCLC patients, irrespective of neurologic symptoms, but their presence does not correlate with the prognosis of the SCLC.