tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infection of lymphocytes by a virus that aborts cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and establishes persistent infection.
Authors: P Borrow, A Tishon, M B Oldstone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

For viruses to establish persistent infections in their hosts, they must possess some mechanism for evading clearance by the immune system. When inoculated into adult immunocompetent mice, wild-type lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV ARM) induces a CD8(+)-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response that clears the infection within 7-14 d (CTL+ [P-]). By contrast, variant viruses isolated from lymphoid tissues of persistently infected mice fail to induce a CTL response and are thus able to establish a persistent infection in adult mice (CTL- [P+]). This report compares the interaction of CTL+ (P-) and CTL- (P+) viruses with cells of the immune system. Both types of virus initially bind to 2-4% of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and replicate within cells of both subsets. The replication of CTL- (P+) and CTL+ (P-) viruses in lymphocytes in vivo is similar for the first 5 d after initiating infection. Thereafter, in mice infected with CTL- (P+) variants, lymphocytes retain viral genetic information, and infectious virus can be recovered throughout the animals' lives. In contrast, when adult mice are infected with wild-type CTL+ (P-) LCMV ARM, virus is not recovered from lymphocytes for greater than 7 d after infection. A CD8(+)-mediated anti-LCMV CTL response is induced in such mice. Clearance of infected lymphocytes is produced by these LCMV-specific CTLs, as shown by their ability to lyse lymphocytes expressing LCMV determinants in vitro and the fact that depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes before infection with CTL+ (P-) viruses results in levels of infected lymphocytes similar to those found in undepleted CTL- (P+)-infected mice. Hence, CTL-mediated lysis of T lymphocytes carrying infectious virus is a critical factor determining whether virus persists or the infection is terminated.
Allergen‐induced expression of cell surface markers on lymphocytes of <i>Chi t</i> I‐sensitized patients
Authors: V. Liebers, M. Raulf, X. Baur
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Lymphocyte cultures of persons sensitized to the hemoglobin allergen Chi t I show a highly significant response to the allergen measured in the lymphocyte stimulation assay by ( 3 H)‐thymidine uptake. In this study, we investigated by flow cytometry the expression of different cell surface markers on lymphocytes after in vitro stimulation for 7 d with or without the allergen Chi t I. We determined the expression of the low‐affinity receptor for IgE (CD23) on lymphocytes of Chi t I‐sensitized patients and Chi t I‐Exposed as well as nonexposed controls. CD23 expression was significantly higher in patients than in nonexposed controls. Exposed but healthy subjects showed intermediate values. We also determined the expression of activation markers CD25 (IL‐2 receptor) and HLA‐DR on the lymphocytes of patients and nonexposed controls. HLA‐DR expression on non‐T cells (CD3–) was significantly higher in patients than in controls. HLA‐DR on T cells (CD3 +), and CD25 as well as CD23 expression, could be significantly enhanced after antigen‐specific stimulation in patients but not in controls, whereas α/β‐T‐cell‐receptor expression was significantly reduced in patients. Differences between patients and controls were not observed in response to tetanus toxid (TT) and phytohemaglutinin (PHA). Our results demonstrate antigen‐specific influences on the expression of cell surface molecules. These findings may be valuable diagnostic information.
Impact of gender on benefits of exercise training on sympathetic nerve activity and muscle blood flow in heart failure
Authors: Ligia M. Antunes‐Correa, Ruth C. Melo, Thais S. Nobre, Linda M. Ueno, Fabio G.M. Franco, Ana M.W. Braga, Maria U.P.B. Rondon, Patricia C. Brum, Antonio C.P. Barretto, Holly R. Middlekauff, Carlos E. Negrao
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
PSORIASIS AND HYPOPARATHYROIDISM.
Authors: H. R. VICKERS, I. B. SNEDDON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article PSORIASIS AND HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. Get access H. R. VICKERS, H. R. VICKERS The Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford and the Royal Infirmary, Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. B. SNEDDON I. B. SNEDDON The Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford and the Royal Infirmary, Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 11, 1 November 1963, Pages 419–421, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13536.x Published: 01 November 1963
Hospice Care for Children
Authors: Michael Bevins
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Monocytes are activated in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and can contribute to bone marrow failure through CD40–CD40L interactions with T helper cells
Authors: S Meers, A Kasran, L Boon, J Lemmens, C Ravoet, M Boogaerts, G Verhoef, C Verfaillie, M Delforge
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Frequency and Determinants of Diabetes Patient Education Among Adults in the U.S.Population
Authors: Beth Ann Coonrod, Jean Betschart, Maureen I Harris
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine the proportion of adults with diabetesin the U.S. who have received diabetes patient education and to assess factors that determine whether patients receive this education. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A questionnaire on diabetes was administered to a representative sample of 2,405 diabetic individual≥18 years of age in the U.S. population. The questionnaire inquired about whether these individuals had ever attended a diabetes education class or program. Sociodemographic and clinical factors that may influence participation in patient education were also determined. RESULTS Of all people with diabetes, 35.1% had attended a class or program about diabetes at some time during the course of their disease,including 58.6% of individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 48.9% of insulin-treated individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and 23.7% of NIDDM individuals not treated with insulin. Younger age, black race, residence in the midwest region of the U.S., higher level of education, and presence of diabetes complications were consistentlyassociated with having had diabetes education for people with NIDDM. Although increasing income was associated with patient education for NIDDM individuals not treated with insulin, it was not an independent determinant for insulin-treated NIDDM individuals. NIDDM individuals not treated with insulin who lived alone were more likely to have had patient education than those who did not live alone. Not having a diabetes physician or not visiting onein the past year was associated with a higher likelihood of patient education for non-insulin-treated NIDDM individuals. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of patients with diabetes has never received , diabetes education. Patient education has been recognized for its contributions to reducing the morbidity and mortality of diabetes. Consequently, special attention should be directed to the subgroups of individuals, such as those not taking insulin, those with lower socioeconomic status, and those living outside urban areas, in which the frequency of diabetes patient education is particularly low.
Health groups call for phase out of coal power stations
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Emissions from coal power plants in Europe are a major contributor to disease from environmental pollution. New figures from a report by the Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) indicate that the health costs within the European Union from coal pollution are running at €42.8bn (£32.9bn; $55.6bn) a year.

This is the financial burden from over 18 200 premature deaths, 8500 new cases of chronic bronchitis, and the loss of over four million working days each year, according to the HEAL report.1 If emissions from similar plants in …
Consensus Development Conference on Antipsychotic Drugs and Obesity and Diabetes
Authors: Gerard Boehm, Judith A. Racoosin, Thomas P. Laughren, Russell Katz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

In the February 2004 issue of Diabetes Care , the American Diabetes Association (ADA) published a summary of their conclusions drawn from the Consensus Development Conference on Antipsychotic Drugs and Obesity and Diabetes (1). Although the ADA ranked the diabetes risk for second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products (DNDP) does not believe that the evidence currently available allows such a ranking.

The ADA concluded that aripiprazole and ziprasidone have no effect on the risk of diabetes. The ADA notes that because these two drugs have not been included in epidemiological studies, this conclusion is solely based on data from clinical trials that did not …
Flucytosine and Amphotericin B: Hemodialysis Effects on the Plasma Concentration and Clearance
Authors: EDWARD R. BLOCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The efficacy of hemodialysis in removing flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine) and amphotericin B from blood was studied in eight adult patients with renal failure who required chronic hemodialysis; the results were correlated with the protein-binding of these drugs. Creatinine, flucytosine, and amphotericin B concentrations were measured immediately before and after dialysis, as well as in arterial samples of blood entering and leaving the artificial kidney after 2, 4, or 6 hours of hemodialysis. Clearances of flucytosine and creatinine by the artificial kidney were indistinguishable, and both increased linearly with blood flow through the dialyzer. These results were consistent with the minimal protein-binding (< 5%) found in vitro. In contrast to flucytosine, amphotericin B was highly (> 90%) protein-bound, poorly dialyzable, and the clearance rate by the artificial kidney ranged from 3% to 15% of that for creatinine. From these data, recommended dosage schedules for flucytosine and amphotericin B, when used to treat fungal infections in patients undergoing hemodialysis, were developed.
The Effect of Aspirin on Lung Mucociliary Clearance
Authors: Timothy R. Gerrity, Elaine Cotromanes, Christopher S. Garrard, Donovan B. Yeates, Ruy V. Lourenço
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

THE removal of inhaled particles, bacteria, and cellular debris by mucociliary clearance has an important role in the maintenance of healthy lungs. Particles are carried on mucus that is transported cephalad on the tips of beating cilia that are immersed in a layer of serous fluid.1 When the mucus reaches the pharynx it is swallowed along with the transported particles.The efficiency of mucus transport in individual airways and whole-lung mucociliary clearance has been investigated in health and disease and in response to various drugs and toxic agents.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 In vitro studies in animals have demonstrated an increase in the rate . . .
Frequency of venous thrombosis in patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease.
Authors: J H Winter, P W Buckler, A P Bautista, F W Smith, P F Sharp, B Bennett, A S Douglas
Journal: Thorax (1983)

The presence or absence of venous thrombosis was determined in 29 patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease by the technique of autologous platelet labelling with indium-111. Deep venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 13 patients and in nine of these patients thrombosis was located proximal to the knee--that is, in areas associated with an appreciable risk of pulmonary embolism. One patient died; pulmonary emboli were found at postmortem examination. The incidence of venous thrombosis seen in this study is high enough to suggest that these patients may benefit from prophylactic antithrombotic treatment.
Local side‐effects during 4‐year treatment with inhaled corticosteroids – a com between pressurized metered‐dose in and Turbuhaler®
Authors: O. Selroos, R. Backman, K.‐O. Forsén, A.‐B. Löfroos, M. Niemistö, A. Pietinalho, C. Äikäs, H. Riska
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Local side‐effects, such as hoarseness and oropharyngeal candidiasis, are often seen during treatment of patients with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We investigated whether changing from pressurized metered‐dose inhalers (pMDI) to Turbuhaler® influenced the type and frequency of local side‐effects. Local side‐effects were recorded for a 2‐year period in which 154 patients used ICS pMDI with a spacer device. They were followed for an equally long period of time (26.2 ± 5.7 months) while using Turbuhaler, as were 90 patients who received Turbuhaler as their first ICS preparation. After inhalation, all patients rinsed out their mouths with water. In experienced pMDI‐users, the frequency of local side‐effects decreased from 21% to 6%. The reduction was due to a lower incidence of hoarseness. Candidiasis or hoarseness was not seen in patients given Turbuhaler as their first ICS device. Our fear of an increased incidence of local side‐effects when giving ICS in Turbuhaler was unwarranted.
Abstract A05: Phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathway promotes colon cancer stem cell proliferation
Authors: Sugong Chen, Robert C. Fisher, Anitha K. Shenoy, Maria Cecilia Lopez, Lyle L. Moldawer, Henry V. Baker, Emina H. Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction. The cancer stem cell (CSC) model posits that a select cell-subpopulation exists in solid tumors that sustain tumorigenesis. Previously, we have shown that aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH) enriches colon CSCs (CCSC) from sporadic colon cancer. In this study, Affymetrix microarray was used to screen for differences between ALDHhi and ALDHlo cells isolated from sporadic human colon adenocarcinoma. As a result, the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was identified as a potential regulator of CCSC growth and differentiation. Functional assays demonstrate that inhibition of PI3K results in significant reduction in proliferation and colony formation of by CCSCs. Experimental Procedures. Unbiased Expression-Profile Analysis: We implanted human CCSCs into flanks of NOD-SCID mice. Flow assisted cell sorting discriminated resulting tumor epithelia into ALDHhi and ALDHlo groups from 6 individual sporadic human adenocarcinomas, which were analyzed using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array. Proliferation Assay: Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation measured the effect of LY294002 (Calbiochem) (1-100 μM) on proliferation. Colony Assay: Methylcellulose colony assays were used to assess the effect of LY294002 on colony formation. Summary of Data. Expression Profile Analysis revealed 136 genes that were significantly up or down-regulated in the ALDHhi cell groups (&amp;gt;3-fold; p&amp;lt;0.001). The beta regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase demonstrated a 5.2 fold up-regulation in the ALDHhi vs. ALDHlo CCSCs. Cell Proliferation Assay: LY294002 significantly inhibits CCSC proliferation with IC50 ~ 50 μM and near complete inhibition at the dose of 100 μM (p&amp;lt;0.001). Colony Assay: LY294002 significantly reduces total colony area formed by CCSCs, with a similar trend as shown in BrdU proliferation assays (p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusions. We have previously shown that ALDH enriches colon cancer epithelia. Here we show that the PI3K signaling pathway is differentially expressed between ALDHhi and ALDHlo CCSCs derived from primary tumor xenografts. We demonstrate in vitro functional differences in CCSCs with drug-inhibition assays. Citation Format: Sugong Chen, Robert C. Fisher, Anitha K. Shenoy, Maria Cecilia Lopez, Lyle L. Moldawer, Henry V. Baker, Emina H. Huang. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathway promotes colon cancer stem cell proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A05.
Value of brush cytology in diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Authors: A Smithies, D Lovell, S Hishon, R E Pounder, C Newton, T D Kellock, J J Misiewicz, L M Blendis
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Value of brush cytology in diagnosis of gastric cancerMultiple biopsies and brush cytology of gastric mucosal lesions can be performed with the fibreoptic endoscope.Though biopsy is used routinely, cytological examination of smears made from the gastric brushings has not been widely used.In a prospective study we assessed the relative value of brush cytology, multiple biopsy, and endoscopic and radiological appearances in the differentiation of benign and malignant gastric lesions in routine clinical practice in a district general hospital.
Analogue computation of indices of contraction from regional measurements in intact hearts
Authors: M. J LAB, I. GARTSIDE, S. WASSERMANN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Computation of indices of regional myocardial contractility such as the shortening, or the work done by or on a segment of myocardium in a single cardial cycle is tedious to perform manually, and complex interfacing and software is needed for digital computation. We describe the principles of an on-line, analogue device to perform these compuations. The accuracy of the machine is demonstrated, and examples of the uses of the devices are given.
Abstract 3323: PRAF2 regulates Rab5-dependent endocytic trafficking of EGFR in neuroblastoma
Authors: Lisette P. Yco, Andre S. Bachmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mediate extracellular signaling that activates downstream cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Through ligand stimulation, clathrin-mediated endocytosis regulates the EGFR signal transduction pathway. Prenylated Rab acceptor 1 domain family, membrane 2 (PRAF2) is a novel 19-kDa protein with a prenylated Rab acceptor 1 (PRA1) motif and four transmembrane-spanning domains. Similar to PRAF1 and PRAF3, PRAF2 belongs to the PRAF family of vesicle transport-associated proteins. Our lab identified PRAF2 as a candidate prognostic marker of neuroblastic tumors. Using RNA interference, we showed that PRAF2 plays an essential role in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. In the present study, we examined the function of PRAF2 in EGFR endocytic trafficking. We generated stable PRAF2-knockdown (SK-shPRAF2) and PRAF2-overexpressing (SK-PRAF2) neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cell lines and stimulated both cell lines with EGF (10 ng/ml) for various time periods in order to determine the role of PRAF2 in EGFR endocytic trafficking. As judged by immunofluorescence microscopy, we detected larger Rab5-positive punctuate structures in PRAF2-overexpressing SK-PRAF2 cells compared to PRAF2-knockdown SK-shPRAF2 cells or control cells, after 15 min EGF stimulation. After EGF treatment, PRAF2 clearly colocalized with Rab5-positive punctae in SK-PRAF2 cells, suggesting that PRAF2 interacts with Rab5, a critical regulator for receptor endocytosis and early endosome fusion. Moreover, using a receptor internalization assay, we observed a delay in the internalization of EGFR in EGF-treated SK-shPRAF2 cells, in contrast to SK-PRAF2 and control cells. This is in support of our immunofluorescence microscopy results in which Rab5-postive punctae distribution is observed mostly along the membrane of the EGF-treated SK-shPRAF2 cells. Notably, the level of phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) transiently elevated in EGF-treated SK-PRAF2 cells after 15 min and diminished thereafter, suggesting that overexpression of PRAF2 accelerates the EGFR internalization and degradation. Based on our findings, we propose that PRAF2 affects EGFR endocytosis by regulating early endosome trafficking and Akt activation in neuroblastoma. Citation Format: Lisette P. Yco, Andre S. Bachmann. PRAF2 regulates Rab5-dependent endocytic trafficking of EGFR in neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3323. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3323
Many Clues, Few Conclusions on AIDS
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

HOPE WAS HARD to find at the 10th International Conference on AIDS in Yokohama, Japan. Fascinating clues from studies of long-term nonprogressors, those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who go for a decade or more with no immune system damage, were reported that should shatter the myth that HIV infection is uniformly fatal. Theoretically, they should also lead to strategies for future therapies. But conclusive clinical advances were nowhere to be found in Yokohama. Indeed, the slower pace of advancement is partly why organizers of what has been an annual event are skipping next year and will postpone the 11th International Conference on AIDS until 1996. It will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia. Some say the slow rate of progress is because HIV is so "smart." Others say it is also because the scientific effort directed against HIV has not been as smart as it could be.
IKKβ Enforces a LIN28B/TCF7L2 Positive Feedback Loop That Promotes Cancer Cell Stemness and Metastasis
Authors: Chong Chen, Fengqi Cao, Lipeng Bai, Yan Liu, Junling Xie, Wei Wang, Qin Si, Jian Yang, Antao Chang, Dong Liu, Dachuan Liu, Tsung-Hsien Chuang, Rong Xiang, Yunping Luo
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Considerable evidence suggests that proinflammatory pathways drive self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells (CSC), but the underlying mechanisms remain mainly undefined. Here we report that the let7 repressor LIN28B and its regulator IKBKB (IKKβ) sustain cancer cell stemness by interacting with the Wnt/TCF7L2 (TCF4) signaling pathway to promote cancer progression. We found that LIN28B expression correlated with clinical progression and stemness marker expression in breast cancer patients. Functional studies demonstrated that the stemness properties of LIN28B-expressing human breast and lung cancer cells were enhanced by IKKβ, whereas loss of LIN28B abolished stemness properties in these settings. These phenomena were driven through interactions with TCF7L2, which enhanced LIN28B expression by direct binding to intron 1 of the LIN28B gene, which in turn promoted TCF7L2 mRNA translation through a positive feedback loop. Notably, RNAi-mediated silencing of LIN28B or pharmacologic inhibition of IKKβ was sufficient to suppress primary and metastatic tumor growth in vivo. Together, our results establish the LIN28B/TCF7L2 interaction loop as a central mediator of cancer stemness driven by proinflammatory processes during progression and metastasis, possibly offering a new therapeutic target for generalized interventions in advanced cancers.