tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
More questions, not answers, emerge from Agent Orange studies
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Exploration of the Agent Orange question, much like the war in Southeast Asia that spawned it, plods on in an atmosphere of unrealized expectations and unrelenting controversy. Essentially, the question is whether Agent Orange, a defoliant used by the United States to deny cover and crops to opposing forces in the Vietnam War, is responsible for any human health problems (<i>JAMA</i>[Medical News] 1980;243:2375-2379 and 1979;242:593-597, 241: 1443-1444). The two latest studies to be reported focused on possible Agent Orange-associated birth defects among veterans' offspring. Results obtained in the two studies were diametrically opposed, however. Additional recent developments include criticism (including some from the General Accounting Office) of seemingly ineffectual Veterans Administration (VA) attempts to address the Agent Orange health question, with the result that the VA is transferring a project to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, and allegations that several chemical companies withheld information about potential health
Overlap between in vitro donor antihost and in vivo posttransplantation TCR Vβ use: a new paradigm for designer allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation
Authors: Thea M. Friedman, Kira Goldgirsh, Stephanie A. Berger, Jenny Zilberberg, Joanne Filicko-O'Hara, Neal Flomenberg, Michele Donato, Scott D. Rowley, Robert Korngold
Journal: Blood (2008)
Induction of Macrophage Chemotaxis by Aortic Extracts of the mgR Marfan Mouse Model and a GxxPG-Containing Fibrillin-1 Fragment
Authors: Gao Guo, Patrick Booms, Marc Halushka, Harry C. Dietz, Andreas Ney, Sigmar Stricker, Jochen Hecht, Stefan Mundlos, Peter N. Robinson
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— The primary cause of early death in untreated Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients is aortic dilatation and dissection. Methods and Results— We investigated whether ascending aortic samples from the fibrillin-1–underexpressing mgR mouse model for MFS or a recombinant fibrillin-1 fragment containing an elastin-binding protein (EBP) recognition sequence can act as chemotactic stimuli for macrophages. Both the aortic extracts from the mgR/mgR mice and the fibrillin-1 fragment significantly increased macrophage chemotaxis compared with extracts from wild-type mice or buffer controls. The chemotactic response was significantly diminished by pretreatment of macrophages with lactose or with the elastin-derived peptide VGVAPG and by pretreatment of samples with a monoclonal antibody directed against an EBP recognition sequence. Mutation of the EBP recognition sequence in the fibrillin-1 fragment also abolished the chemotactic response. These results indicate the involvement of EBP in mediating the effects. Additionally, investigation of macrophages in aortic specimens of MFS patients demonstrated macrophage infiltration in the tunica media. Conclusions— Our findings demonstrate that aortic extracts from mgR/mgR mice can stimulate macrophage chemotaxis by interaction with EBP and show that a fibrillin-1 fragment possesses chemotactic stimulatory activity similar to that of elastin degradation peptides. They provide a plausible molecular mechanism for the inflammatory infiltrates observed in the mgR mouse model and suggest that inflammation may represent a component of the complex pathogenesis of MFS.
Fat-storing cells and myofibroblasts: One cell or two?
Authors: Jacquelyn J. Maher
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

To differentiate cultured rat liver myofibroblasts, fat-storing cells, aortic smooth muscle cells and skin fibroblasts from each other, desmin and vimentin stainings were undertaken by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. In myofibroblasts, the reaction with antibodies to vimentin was positive but that with antibodies to desmin was virtually negative. In primary cultures as well as subsequent passage of fat-storing cells, reactions with antibodies to both desmin and vimentin were positive. In primary culture of smooth muscle cells, both reactions were positive, but in the first passage, smooth muscle cells lost the reactivity with antibodies to desmin. Fibroblasts showed a positive reaction with antibodies to vimentin and a negative one with antibodies to desmin. Thus, immunohistochemistry of intermediate filaments allows for the differentiation between fat-storing cells, which are desmin- and vimentin-positive, and myofibroblasts or fibroblasts, which are desmin-negative but vimentin-positive. Smooth muscle cells are also vimentin-positive and become desmin-negative after the first passage.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Enables Artificial Blood Transfusion Without Hypertension
Authors: Binglan Yu, Michael J. Raher, Gian Paolo Volpato, Kenneth D. Bloch, Fumito Ichinose, Warren M. Zapol
Journal: Circulation (2008)

One of the major obstacles hindering the clinical development of a cell-free, hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) is systemic vasoconstriction.Experiments were performed in healthy mice and lambs by infusion of either murine tetrameric hemoglobin (0.48 g/kg) or glutaraldehyde-polymerized bovine hemoglobin (HBOC-201, 1.44 g/kg). We observed that intravenous infusion of either murine tetrameric hemoglobin or HBOC-201 induced prolonged systemic vasoconstriction in wild-type mice but not in mice congenitally deficient in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS3). Treatment of wild-type mice by breathing NO at 80 ppm in air for 15 or 60 minutes or with 200 ppm NO for 7 minutes prevented the systemic hypertension induced by subsequent intravenous administration of murine tetrameric hemoglobin or HBOC-201 and did not result in conversion of plasma hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Intravenous administration of sodium nitrite (48 nmol) 5 minutes before infusion of murine tetrameric hemoglobin also prevented the development of systemic hypertension. In awake lambs, breathing NO at 80 ppm for 1 hour prevented the systemic hypertension caused by subsequent infusion of HBOC-201.These findings demonstrate that HBOC can cause systemic vasoconstriction by scavenging NO produced by NOS3. Moreover, in 2 species, inhaled NO administered before the intravenous infusion of HBOC can prevent systemic vasoconstriction without causing methemoglobinemia.
More doctors criticise the GMC
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Two more groups of doctors have expressed their frustration with the General Medical Council and passed votes of no confidence in the council “as presently constituted and functioning.”

The conference of public health and community health doctors and the Junior Doctors Committee (JDC) were following the stand taken by senior hospital doctors at their conference (10 June, p 1557). The former passed the motion overwhelmingly and the second unanimously.

As at the hospitals conference, criticism was expressed at both meetings over the long delays in dealing with cases, the mishandled elections, the poor public relations, and the handling of what speakers called the scandals, such as the case of the paediatric heart surgeons …
The Scent of Cancer
Authors: Robert E. Jackson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters7 December 2010The Scent of CancerRobert E. Jackson, MDRobert E. Jackson, MDFrom The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-11-201012070-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I was intrigued by Steensma's recent essay, “The Scent of Cancer” (1). Although the sense of smell in humans is not as acute as that in other mammals because of our number of receptor cells (6 million in humans, compared with 220 million in dogs) (2, 3), we as physicians and scientists tend to rely on “data” more than Osler's entreaty to “Use the five senses.”Thus, opportunity becomes fleeting and may delay diagnosis and perhaps precipitate mishap. For me, it is symbolic that the olfactory nerve is cranial nerve number 1. The olfactory nerve is considered ...References1. Steensma DP. The scent of cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:206-7. [PMID: 20679566] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Correa JE. The Dog's Sense of Smell. Auburn and Normal, AL: Alabama Cooperative Extension System; July 2006. Accessed at www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/U/UNP-0066/UNP-0066.pdf on 18 October 2010. Google Scholar3. Jafek BW. Ultrastructure of human nasal mucosa. Laryngoscope. 1983;93:1576-99. [PMID: 6645759] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Goetz CG. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2003:99-112. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Scent of Cancer David P. Steensma The Scent of Cancer Marc P. van der Schee , Lisette N. Venekamp , and Peter W.A. Kunst Metrics 7 December 2010Volume 153, Issue 11Page: 766-767KeywordsCranial nervesHypertensionMyocardial infarctionNervesNeuronsScientistsSmellSternumSurgeonsSurgery ePublished: 7 December 2010 Issue Published: 7 December 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Eosinophils Promote Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition Of Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: K. Hosoki, A. Yasukawa, M. Toda, Y. Miyake, D.B. Ruiz, P.G. Bernabe, T. Takagi, R. Morooka, M. Nagao, C.N. DAlessandro-Gabazza, O. Taguchi, E.C. Gabazza, T. Fujisawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
In Utero Delivery of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors: Intraperitoneal Gene Transfer Produces Long-Term Expression
Authors: Gerald S Lipshutz, Christopher A Gruber, Yu-an Cao, Jonathan Hardy, Christopher H Contag, Karin M.L Gaensler
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are promising gene transfer vectors that produce long-term expression without toxicity. To investigate future approaches for in utero gene delivery, the efficacy and safety of prenatal administration of rAAV were determined. Using luciferase as a reporter, expression was assessed by whole-body imaging and by analysis of luciferase activity in tissue extracts, at the time of birth and monthly thereafter. Transgene expression was detected in all injected animals. Highest levels of luciferase activity were detected at birth in the peritoneum and liver, while the heart, brain, and lung demonstrated low-level expression. In vivo luciferase imaging revealed persistent peritoneal expression for 18 months after in utero injection and provided a sensitive whole-body assay, useful in identifying tissues for subsequent analyses. There was no detectable hepatocellular injury. Antibodies that reacted with either luciferase or rAAV were not found. AAV sequences were not detected in germ-line tissues of injected animals or in tissues of their progeny. In utero AAV-mediated gene transfer in this animal model demonstrates that novel therapeutic vectors and strategies can be rapidly tested in vivo and that rAAV may be developed to ameliorate genetic diseases with perinatal morbidity and mortality.
German doctor cleared by GMC
Authors: S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A doctor accused of endangering the lives of babies in two British hospitals by prescribing the wrong drugs was last week cleared by the General Medical Council's professional conduct committee. German born Elisabeth Zittlau, 35, had been accused of incompetence over a 16 month period in 1994 and 1995 while she was working as a paediatrician at the Friarage Hospital, Northallerton, North Yorkshire, …
Reply to M. Roschewski et al
Authors: Nikhil C. Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Roschewski et al highlight an important issue related to minimal residual disease (MRD) determination and its application in multiple myeloma (MM): the methodologies used to detect MRD will play a critical role in determining or predicting outcome in future. Sensitivity and/or specificity of tests used to determine MRD are impacted by the ease of carrying out the test, the ability to acquire adequate samples for the study, and the availability of technical expertise to perform sensitive assays. Investigators have been using various methods within their technical capabilities. We agree with Roschewski et al that we need a standardized method that defines the number of antibodies used and the timing of testing. Importantly, a critical and often limiting factor is the number of events measured, which will affect our ability to detect MRD with adequate statistical power. Nonetheless, it is gratifying to see that so many institutions are in fact attempting to detect MRD. Another issue is to determine superiority of flow-detected MRD versus molecular MRD using newer sequencing technologies. The molecular MRD method does not depend on the surface expression of molecules, which can change over time and decrease sensitivity. Moreover, one can now evaluate more than 5 million cells and detect one in 10 cells. However, molecular MRD determination will require an initial diagnostic sample that contains myeloma cells to identify multiple myeloma–specific immunoglobulin H sequence; newer technologies allow such a determination from even a few thousand cells. Finally, we agree with Roschewski et al that a concerted collaborative clinical study will determine the relative effectiveness of these methods to detect MRD, followed by the development of a consensus methodology to allow for their routine clinical application.
Can patients use test results effectively if they have direct access?
Authors: M. O'Kane, D. Freedman, B. J. Zikmund-Fisher
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Maurice O'Kane </b>and <b>Danielle Freedman</b> say that patients welcome direct access to test results and that they improve clinic visits, but <b>Brian J Zikmund-Fisher</b> worries that the data are currently presented in ways that make them meaningless to most patients
Letter: Sexual life after gynaecological operations.
Authors: C Rayner
Journal: BMJ (1975)

which are poorly matched to the demand unit.While a frequency mismatch between patient and pacemaker may be uncommon, a combination of this with borderline amplitude may explain the increased incidence of inappropriate fixed-rate pacing in sick sinus syndrome.Thus, in summary, failure of inhibition of demand pacemakers may be expected to be more common in patients with sick sinus syndrome than in those with heart block because of a greater likelihood of myocardial infarction causing a fall in amplitude of the input signal to the pacemaker.Patients with sick sinus syndrome and a normal scalar QRS duration may have a sensed QRS in which the frequency distribution does not match the demand pacemaker.-Weare, etc.,
A question of conscience. Physicians in defense of human rights
Authors: E. O. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1986)

ACCOUNTS of torture and other human rights abuses reach us daily through the news media. Amnesty International, the recipient of the 1977 Nobel peace prize for its human rights efforts, reports that in the past four years alone governments in one third of the world's countries have systematically practiced or tacitly condoned torture or ill-treatment to interrogate, punish, and intimidate political opponents. The techniques they use may include electric shock, prolonged beatings, sham executions, sensory and sleep deprivation, cigarette burns, water submersion, and, more recently, mind-altering drugs.<sup>1</sup>For the victims—whether imprisoned in a secret detention center in Santiago or in a special psychiatric hospital in Moscow—such brutality knows no ideology because its goal is the same: to silence dissent through the destruction of healthy bodies and minds. The problem of torture should be a concern of medical professionals worldwide for several reasons.<sup>2</sup>First, torture defies the most fundamental
POSTURE IN SLEEP
Authors: Lewis I. Younger
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A recent observation, in connection with the article appearing inThe Journal, June 28, on what positions the body assumes during sleep, may be of interest. One night last week a white man, aged 25, was brought to the Cook County Hospital because of extensive sunburn. The patient had completely disrobed in a secluded spot to take his first sun bath of the season. He fell asleep and thus remained for about two hours. When brought to the hospital that night he had a temperature of 101.6 F. The skin was diffusely and uniformly reddened, no one place more than another. The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the torso, and the flexor and extensor surfaces of the extremities, were all of the same scarlet flush. Of interest was the flexion-crease erythema similar to Pastia's lines in scarlatina. The inference was that, to obtain such a diffuse, uniform
Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy by Intravascular Ultrasound in Heart Transplant Patients
Authors: Jon A. Kobashigawa, Daniel F. Pauly, Randall C. Starling, Howard Eisen, Heather Ross, Shoei-Shen Wang, Bernard Cantin, James A. Hill, Patricia Lopez, Gaohong Dong, Stephen J. Nicholls
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
RECURRENT BULLOUS ERUPTION OF THE FEET.
Authors: S. T. ANNING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1951)

Journal Article RECURRENT BULLOUS ERUPTION OF THE FEET. Get access S. T. ANNING, M.A., M.D.Camb., M.R.C.P. S. T. ANNING, M.A., M.D.Camb., M.R.C.P. Assistant Physician, Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 63, Issue 3, 1 March 1951, Pages 104–110, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1951.tb13697.x Published: 01 March 1951
The [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization in man.
Authors: M Reivich, D Kuhl, A Wolf, J Greenberg, M Phelps, T Ido, V Casella, J Fowler, E Hoffman, A Alavi, P Som, L Sokoloff
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

A method has been developed to measure local glucose consumption in the various structures of the brain in man with three-dimensional resolution. [18F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose is used as a tracer for the exchange of glucose between plasma and brain and its phosphorylation by hexokinase in the tissue. A mathematical model and derived operational equation are used which enable local cerebral glucose consumption to be calculated in terms of the following measurable variables. An intravenous bolus of [18F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose is given and the arterial specific activity monitored for a predetermined period of from 30 to 120 minutes. Starting at 30 minutes, the activity in a series of sections through the brain is determined with three-dimensional resolution by an emission tomographic scanner. The method was used to measure local cerebral glucose consumption in two normal volunteers. The values in gray matter structures range from 5.79 mg/100 g per minute in the cerebellar cortex to 10.27 in the visual cortex, whereas, in white matter structures, the values range from 3.64 mg/100 g per minute in the corpus callosum to 4.22 in the occipital lobe. Average values for gray matter, white matter, and whole brain metabolic rates, calculated as a weighted average based on the approximate volume of each structure, are 8.05, 3.80, and 5.90 mg/100 g per minute, respectively. The value of 5.9 mg/100 g per minute compares favorably with values previously reported.
Rebels, Mavericks, and Heretics in Biology
Authors: Robert Root-Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acquired factor VIII inhibitor in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and the role of interferon-α: A case report
Authors: Zwi A. Schreiber, Norbert Bräu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

A patient with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection developed an autoantibody to factor VIII after 8.7 months of treatment with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin. Three previous cases of the development of factor VIII autoantibody in patients infected with the hepatitis C virus have been reported. Only one of these patients was treated with interferon-α, and this patient had hemophilia A, a condition prone to development of factor VIII autoantibody, even without interferon treatment. It is possible that chronic HCV infection itself, which has been associated with immunological disorders, is responsible for this phenomenon, but the immunomodulatory properties of interferon-α may also contribute to this rare occurrence. No previous case of factor VIII inhibitor in a patient infected with HIV has been reported. Am. J. Hematol. 80:295–298, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: A Cranney
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Choice of treatment depends on efficacy, individual risk profile, and side effects 

Osteoporotic fractures in older women constitute a major cause of disability, mortality, and economic burden.1 The incidence of fractures related to osteoporosis will increase worldwide over the next three decades as the proportion of women over the age of 65 increases.2 It is therefore important that we identify efficacious treatments that will reduce the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. In the past, randomised controlled trials have focused on the surrogate outcome of bone mineral density. The limitation of relying on a surrogate outcome was highlighted by the results of earlier trials, in which increases in bone density did not translate into decreased risk of fracture.3 As a result of stricter standards that required evidence of efficacy against fractures for drug approval, we now have large randomised trials with prevention of fractures as an outcome. Data from these trials provide information on the strength of the evidence for efficacy of the different treatments.

Evidence based reviews of treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis have confirmed which treatments reduce the risk of fractures in women with osteoporosis.4–6 Most currently used drugs are antiresorptive agents that reduce osteoclast …
Retinoid Hyperostosis
Authors: Richard A. Pittsley, Frank W. Yoder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

An oral synthetic vitamin A derivative, 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin), is effective in controlling a wide variety of dermatoses. Short-term use produces sustained remission in severe refractory cystic and conglobate acne.1 Higher doses and long-term administration are required to control keratinizing dermatoses, such as lamellar ichthyosis.2 In four of nine consecutive patients receiving long-term 13-cis-retinoic acid for ichthyosis, we have observed an ossification disorder resembling diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.Case 1Two years after beginning to take 13-cis-retinoic acid (3 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) for lamellar ichthyosis, a 33-year-old woman had . . .