tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH TRAUMATIC AND TOXIC INJURY. RENAL ISCHEMIA, NEPHROTOXIC DAMAGE AND THE ISCHEMURIC EPISODE 1
Authors: Jean Oliver, Muriel MacDowell, Ann Tracy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

Shortly after the publication in 1941 of his study of the "crush kidney," the late John Shaw Dunn sent tissue showing the peculiar tubular lesion that characterizes this condition to the senior author for microdissection.Somewhat later similar material was received from Dr. J. Edgar Morison of Belfast and this was followed by the gift of a considerable collection of examples of that larger group of renal lesions which was later to become known as "lower nephron nephrosis" from Dr. Baldwin Lucke.Since that time a continuing study of these perplexing forms of renal damage has been in progress in this laboratory as confreres too numerous to thank here in person have sent kidneys both from their clinical cases and experimental investigations.Among the latter was a series of dog kidneys from Drs.Donald Van Slyke, R. A. Phillips and their co-worke.rsin which the functional lesion of the "kidney of shock" had been reproduced and studied in great detail by clearance methods.The result of these ten years of work in an everwidening area of investigation had been chiefly the accumulation of a bewildering cloud of apparently unrelated minutiae in which little evidence of a pattern of unity of pathogenesis or functional correlation could be discerned.As is not infrequent in such situations, through no virtue of the present investigators other than that they persisted in their task of accumulating curiously damaged nephrons while awaiting illumination, the cloud was quite suddenly dissipated by the appearance of two related studies in renal pathology.
Coronary Laser Angloplasty
Authors: C. S LAWSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Coronary Laser Angloplasty Get access CLIVE S LAWSON CLIVE S LAWSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 5, May 1992, Page 559, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.5.559 Published: 01 May 1992
History of infections and vaccinations and risk of lymphoid neoplasms: does influenza immunization reduce the risk?
Authors: Alain Monnereau, Laurent Orsi, Xavier Troussard, C. Berthou, P. Fenaux, G. Marit, Pierre Soubeyran, F. Huguet, N. Milpied, Michel Leporrier, Denis Hémon, Jacqueline Clavel
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition improves cardiorenal function in overpacing‐induced heart failure
Authors: Nelson Gomez, Karim Touihri, Veerle Matheeussen, Agnès Mendes Da Costa, Maryam Mahmoudabady, Myrielle Mathieu, Lesley Baerts, Aaron Peace, Pascale Lybaert, Simon Scharpé, Ingrid De Meester, Jozef Bartunek, Marc Vanderheyden, Kathleen McEntee
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Depression in Adults in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry
Authors: Paula M. Trief, Dongyuan Xing, Nicole C. Foster, David M. Maahs, Julie M. Kittelsrud, Beth A. Olson, Laura A. Young, Anne L. Peters, Richard M. Bergenstal, Kellee M. Miller, Roy W. Beck, Ruth S. Weinstock
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Little is known about the frequency of depression in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or its relationship to diabetes outcomes. The T1D Exchange clinic registry allowed us to explore depression in a large, heterogeneous sample.Participants ≥18 years old (N = 6,172; median age 34 years; median diabetes duration 16 years; 55% female; and 89% non-Hispanic white) completed the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), a validated, reliable measure of current depression. Probable major depression was defined in four ways: PHQ-8 ≥10, PHQ-8 ≥12, per diagnostic algorithm, and as a continuous variable. Characteristics and clinical outcomes of those with and without depression were compared using logistic and linear regression models.A total of 4.6-10.3% of participants were classified as probable major depression depending on how defined. Participants classified as depressed were more likely female, nonwhite race/ethnicity, to have a lower household income and lower education level, to exercise less often, to miss insulin doses, and to have one or more complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, treatment for retinopathy, or cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease) (all P < 0.01). HbA1c was higher in the depressed versus not depressed groups (8.4 ± 1.7% [68 ± 8.6 mmol/mol] vs. 7.8 ± 1.4% [62 ± 15.3 mmol/mol]; P < 0.001). Occurrence of one or more diabetic ketoacidosis events (11 vs. 4%; P < 0.001) and one or more severe hypoglycemic events (18 vs. 9%; P < 0.001) in the past 3 months was higher among depressed participants.In the T1D Exchange clinic registry, adults with probable major depression have worse clinical outcomes than those not depressed. Whether identification and treatment of depression improves diabetes outcomes requires study. Depression is common in T1D, and better identification and treatment of this comorbid condition is needed.
Neil David Citron
Authors: I. Citron
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Born in Cape Town in 1951, Neil David Citron began his training at Trinity College, Cambridge, before moving to University College Hospital, London, to graduate in 1975. He went on to win the MRCS Hallet prize and completed his MChir on chondrocyte generation from stem cells at Cambridge in 1985. He completed his orthopaedic training in 1987 at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore. Having decided to specialise in hand surgery, he spent an inspirational …
Pill-Induced Intramural Esophageal Hematoma
Authors: Paul R. Piccione
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common clinical entity that occasionally presents in a manner so unusual as to obscure the correct diagnosis. This is true for intramural esophageal hematoma, an uncommon presentation of bleeding that has been recognized in several clinical settings.<sup>1,2</sup>We present the case of an elderly woman with upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with intramural esophageal hematoma related to pill-induced esophageal injury. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> An 81-year-old woman presented because of chest pain of sudden onset, associated with nausea and vomiting of bright red blood. The patient had hypertension treated with a diuretic and had been given tryptophan for "depression and insomnia." The evening before admission, she took two tryptophan tablets before retiring. She swallowed the first tablet with relative ease but felt the second tablet stick in her midchest. Later that night, she awoke with an intense, burning sub-xiphoid pain that penetrated
933 Longitudinal analysis of hepatitis B virus genotype in children with chronic infection and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Y NI, M CHANG
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

les hydrazino-4-1H-pyridones-2 formées à partir des dihydroxy pyridines correspondantes réagissent avec la N-acétylpiperidone-4 en donnant les hydrazones attendues. Celles-ci subissent la réaction de Fischer thermique en conduisant aux tetrahydro-6,7,8,9-acétyl-8-2H,5H-pyrido ¦3',4':4,5¦pyrrolo ¦3,2-c¦pyridones-1. En présence de charbon palladié, ces derniers composés sont aromatisés à 240° en 2H,5H- pyrido ¦3',4':4,5¦pyrrolo ¦3,2-c¦pyridones-1, donnant ainsi accès à cette série, par une voie moins laborieuse que celle décrite dans le mémoire précédent. Tandis que l'alkylation de la chloro-1-méthyl-4-5H-pyrido ¦3',4':4,5¦pyrrolo ¦3,2-c¦pyridine par les halogénures d'alkyles en présence d'un agent métallant, conduit au mélange des dérivés N-5 et N-8 substitués, celle de la chloro-1-5H-pyrido ¦3',4':4,5¦pyrrolo ¦3,2-c¦pyridine fournit uniquement le dérivé N-5 substitué.4-hydrazino-1H-pyridin-2-ones obtained starting from corresponding 2,4-dihydroxypyridines react with N-acetyl 4-piperidone. The expected hydrazones then give 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro 8-acetyl-2H,5H-pyrldo ¦3',4':4,5¦pyrrolo ¦3,2-c¦pyridin-1-ones by the thermal Fischer indole reaction. Aromatization of these last compounds with 10 % palladized charcoal gives 2H,5H-pyrido ¦3',4':4,5¦pyrrolo 13,2-c¦pyridin-1-ones providing a new reaction pathway to this series which is more convenient that the one described in the preceding paper. Whereas the alkylation of the N-metallated species derived from 1-chloro-4-methyl-5H-pyrido ¦3',4':4,5¦pyrrolo ¦3,2-c¦pyridine by alkyl halides leads to the mixture of N-5 and N-8 alkyl derivatives, 1-chloro-5H-pyrido ¦3',4':4,5¦pyrrolo ¦3,2-c¦pyridine gives only the N-5 alkylated compound.
Response to Sanver et al.
Authors: Corrado Betterle, Renato Zanchetta, Paolo Fabris
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

In this issue of Diabetes Care , the letter by Sanver et al. (1) reported previous studies that demonstrated evidence of a correlation among the hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigenic subtypes, prognosis of disease, autoimmune disease development, response to the interferon (IFN)-α treatment, and various immunological responses in the host. In our 70 patients, we carried out the type of HCV …
Who Will Lead This Nation's Health Effort?
Authors: Myron E. Wegman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The "Knowles affair" has brought into sharp relief several crucial questions regarding national leadership for health. Particularly important are the relation and the division of function among the designees of the administration in political power and the career professionals. There are some who argue that combining these functions — that is, having the political appointee responsible also for technical decisions — not only offers greater possibility of rapid change in direction to correspond with administrative policy but also prevents the complacency and lack of innovation that may follow when permanent staff make all the decisions.The changes undertaken by Secretaries . . .
The Role of Fluorine-18 Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Management of Patients With Metastatic Melanoma: Impact on Surgical Decision Making
Authors: Seza A. Gulec, Mark B. Faries, Chris C. Lee, Daniel Kirgan, C Glass, Donald L. Morton, Richard Essner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Malignant melanoma can metastasize to almost any organ site. Optimal management requires sensitive radiographic evaluation of the entire body. The optimal management of patients with metastatic melanoma requires accurate assessment of extent of disease (EOD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fluorine-18 deoxyglucose (FDG) whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) in determination of EOD in patients with metastatic melanoma and its impact on surgical and medical management decisions. Forty-nine patients (30 men, 19 women; aged 25–83 years) with known or suspected metastatic melanoma underwent EOD evaluation using computerized tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. After formulation of an initial treatment plan, the patients underwent FDG-PET imaging. The EOD determined by PET was compared with physical examination and conventional radiography findings. Fifty-one lesions were pathologically evaluated. The impact of PET on patient management was assessed based on the alterations made in the initial treatment plan after reevaluation of the patients using the information obtained by PET. The PET scan identified more metastatic sites in 27 of 49 (55%) of the patients who had undergone a complete set of imaging studies, including CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and MRI of the brain. In 6 of those 27 patients, PET detected disease outside the fields of CT and MRI. Fifty-one lesions were resected surgically. Of these, 44 were pathologically confirmed to be melanoma. All lesions larger than 1 cm (29 of 29) were positive on PET, whereas only 2 of 15 (13%) lesions smaller than 1 cm were detected by PET. The results of PET led treatment changes in 24 patients (49%). Eighteen of these changes (75%) were surgical. In 12 cases (67%), the planned operative procedure was cancelled, and in 6 cases (33%), an additional operation(s) was performed. In 6 of 24 (25%) patients, biochemotherapy, radiation therapy, or an experimental immunotherapy protocol was prompted by identification of new foci of disease. Compared with conventional imaging, FDG-PET provides more accurate assessment of EOD in patients with metastatic melanoma. Significant surgical and medical treatment alterations were made based on PET results.
Maximization should sometimes lead to abstinence
Authors: Suzanne H. Mitchell, William M. Baum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Heyman's model, paradoxically, predicts that whereas a maximizing approach to drug choice will prevent escalation of drug use it will never yield complete abstinence. We suggest an alternative model that overcomes this difficulty by focusing on changes in drug tolerance. A small modification allows maximization to predict either abstinence or moderation (e.g., social drinking).
Book: The Ageing &amp; Development Report 1999: Poverty, Independence &amp; the World's Older People
Authors: S. Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Eds Judith Randel, Tony German, Deborah Ewing for HelpAge International Earthscan Publications, £14.95, pp 201 ISBN 1 85383 648 6 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> We celebrated the birth of the world's six billionth baby last year, and Queen Elizabeth II sent out 3729 congratulation messages (the telegrams disappeared decades ago) to centenarians in Britain—a dramatic increase from the 255 sent out in 1952. Fertility is declining, with many European countries well below replacement levels. Our world is ageing rapidly. In the affluent world, we are concerned about protecting inheritance of property, the adequacy of pensions, and full access to health service technologies. A different story, told in this small but comprehensive book, is unfolding in the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
What Geriatricians Should Know About Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Daniel Porte, Steven E Kahn
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Aging is associated with a progressive decline in glucose tolerance to the extent that most elderly people have abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and an increasing proportion have type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of this process and emphasizes that although normal glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus are strictly defined, there is a large subset of elderly individuals who, although nondiabetic, fall into the carbohydrateintolerant zone. This diminished carbohydrate tolerance is the result of a decrease in insulin sensitivity and an impairment of pancreatic β-cell function, which both may result, in part, from changes in sensitivity to dietary carbohydrate associated with aging. Similar defects in insulin action and insulin secretion are also present in type II diabetes. Although the macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus occur in older individuals with hyperglycemia, carbohydrate intolerance does not appear to be associated with microvascular events. Thus, therapeutic decisions must be based on an understanding of the degree of impairment in carbohydrate tolerance and the risk of acute and chronic complications associated with this abnormality. This is of even more importance when managing a group of subjects whose life expectancy is reduced and who may be less amenable to interventions that could include diet, oral sulfonylureas, or insulin. Furthermore, although all these interventions may result in a decline in glucose level and improved health, they are also associated with risks, some of which may be life threatening in this population.
STUDIES ON THE FLEXNER GROUP OF DYSENTERY BACILLI
Authors: Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

A method for detoxifying Type Z and sp. Newcastle Sh. paradysenteriae (Flexner) has been described. This procedure involves exposing the bacilli at pH 5.0 to 0.01 M periodic acid. Microorganisms treated with this reagent for an appropriate time interval lose approximately 90 per cent of their toxicity, yet they are capable of eliciting in experimental animals antibodies effective against the unaltered organisms.
Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Vascular Complications
Authors: Dario Giugliano, Anthonio Ceriello, Giuseppe Paolisso
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

Long-term vascular complications still represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Although prospective randomized long-term clinical studies comparing the effects of conventional and intensive therapy have demonstrated a clear link between diabetic hyperglycemia and the development of secondary complications of diabetes, they have not defined the mechanism through which excess glucose results in tissue damage. Evidence has accumulated indicating that the generation of reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress) may play an important role in the etiology of diabetic complications. This hypothesis is supported by evidence that many biochemical pathways strictly associated with hyperglycemia (glucose autoxidation, polyol pathway, prostanoid synthesis, protein glycation) can increase the production of free radicals. Furthermore, exposure of endothelial cells to high glucose leads to augmented production of superoxide anion, which may quench nitric oxide, a potent endothelium-derived vasodilator that participates in the general homeostasis of the vasculature. In further support of the consequential injurious role of oxidative stress, many of the adverse effects of high glucose on endothelial functions, such as reduced endothelial-dependent relaxation and delayed cell replication, are reversed by antioxidants. A rational extension of this proposed role for oxidative stress is the suggestion that the different susceptibility of diabetic patients to microvascular and macrovascular complications may be a function of the endogenous antioxidant status.
Letter: Prevention of overdoses.
Authors: B M Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (1975)

cadaver arm to be achieved.Separate measurements of trabecular bone mass, cortical bone mass, and bone mineral concentration have also been achieved in patients.The results of this study have been presented in March 1975 at the International Symposium on Computer Tomo- graphy in Bermuda and will be further ad- vanced at the European Society of Radiology in Edinburgh in June.It is important to stress that these results were obtained by modification of the E.M.I. brain scanner where the existence of a surrounding water reference makes accurate and absolute re- sults possible.-Weare, etc.,
Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen among Scottish blood donors: evaluation of sensitive tanned-cell haemagglutination-inhibition test.
Authors: R Hopkins, M Robertson, D Ross, W M Turnbull, P C Das
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A total of 70 224 blood donations were tested at three Scottish blood transfusion centres for hepatitis B surface antigen /HBsAg) by an economical haemagglutination-inhibition method (E.H.A.I.) and the results compared with those of counterelectrophoresis (C.E.P.). A further 4086 donations were tested using the Wellcome turkey cell haemagglutination test, C.E.P., and E.H.A.I.E.H.A.I. was also compared with commercial haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay reagents for sensitivity and specificity against several established antigen panels and used to reinvestigate counterelectrophoresis-negative blood donations implicated in post-transfusion hepatitis. E.H.A.I. combines the inherent specificity of an inhibition reaction with a sensitivity equal to that of commercial radioimmunoassay and haemagglutination kits but at a fraction of the cost. The assessment of 70 224 blood donations in three regions showed that E.H.A.I. detected more antigen-positive blood donations than C.E.P. Results of retesting more than 100 blood donors implicated in 10 cases of post-transfusion hepatitis suggested that the use of E.H.A.I. or a test of similar sensitivity in place of C.E.P. may significantly reduce the incidence of this complication.
Comparison of Sirolimus with Azathioprine in a Tacrolimus-based Immunosuppressive Regimen in Lung Transplantation
Authors: Sangeeta Bhorade, Vivek N. Ahya, Maher A. Baz, Vincent G. Valentine, Selim M. Arcasoy, Robert B. Love, Harish Seethamraju, Charles G. Alex, Remzi Bag, Nilto C. DeOliveira, Aliya Husain, Wickii T. Vigneswaran, Jeff Charbeneau, Jerry A. Krishnan, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Lourdes Norwick, Edward Garrity
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Lung transplantation has evolved into a life-saving therapy for select patients with end-stage lung diseases. However, long-term survival remains limited because of chronic rejection. Sirolimus is beneficial in preventing cardiac rejection and may decrease rejection after lung transplantation.Objectives: To determine the potential benefit versus risk of sirolimus in lung transplantation.Methods: We conducted a multicenter randomized, open label controlled trial comparing sirolimus (SIR) with azathioprine (AZA) in a tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen in lung transplantation. The primary end point was the incidence of acute rejection at 1 year after transplantation between the two study groups.Measurements and Main Results: One hundred eighty-one patients were randomized to be included in this study. At 1 year after transplantation, there was no significant difference in the incidence of grade A acute rejection between the two study groups. Similarly, the incidence of chronic rejection and graft survival was no different between the two study groups. Cytomegalovirus infection was decreased in the SIR arm compared with the AZA arm (relative risk, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, 0.55, 0.82]; P < 0.01). There was a higher rate of adverse events leading to early discontinuation of SIR (64%) compared with AZA (49%) during the course of this study.Conclusions: Sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, did not decrease the incidence of acute rejection at 1 year compared with azathioprine in lung transplantation. These results differ from previous results in cardiac and renal transplantation and emphasize the need for multicenter randomized controlled trials in lung transplantation.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00321906).
Persistent improvement in left ventricular geometry and function by prolonged nitroglycerin therapy after anterior transmural acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Bodh I. Jugdutt, James C. Neiman, Bogdan L. Nichorowski, Wayne J. Tymchak, Teresa J. Genge, Lynda K. Fitzpatrick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Transforming growth factor-beta increases steady state levels of type I procollagen and fibronectin messenger RNAs posttranscriptionally in cultured human dermal fibroblasts.
Authors: R Raghow, A E Postlethwaite, J Keski-Oja, H L Moses, A H Kang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta), when injected subcutaneously into newborn mice, induces a rapid fibrotic response, stimulates chemotaxis, and elevates the rates of biosynthesis of collagen and fibronectin by fibroblasts in vitro. We explored the molecular mechanisms of TGF beta-mediated stimulation of collagen and fibronectin synthesis in cultured human foreskin fibroblasts. TGF beta preferentially stimulated the synthesis of fibronectin and type I procollagen chains 3-5-fold as shown by polypeptide analysis. Concomitant elevation in the steady state levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) coding for type I procollagen and fibronectin also occurred but without a net increase in the rate of transcription of either of these genes. The preferential stabilization of mRNAs specifying type I procollagen and fibronectin provides a partial explanation for the mechanisms by which TGF beta enhances the synthesis of type I procollagen and fibronectin in mesenchymal cells.