tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Four new anti-inflammatory drugs: responses and variations.
Authors: E C Huskisson, D L Woolf, H W Balme, J Scott, S Franklin
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Ninety patients with rheumatoid arthritis completed a double-blind crossover trial comparing fenoprofen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen. Fenoprofen and naproxen were slightly more effective than the other two drugs but there were striking individual variations in response. Groups of patients could be identified who preferred each of the four drugs. The commonest side effects were those related to the upper gastrointestinal tract; these showed individual variation and seldom occurred with more than one or two of the drugs. Side effects were least common with ibuprofen and naproxen.Since naproxen combined greater effectiveness with a lower incidence of side effects it must be regarded as the first choice among these drugs. It may be necessary to try several drugs before finding the right one for a particular patient.
The Scintigraphic Presentation of Pott??s Disease
Authors: MICHAEL BROPHEY, LAMK LAMKI, BRUCE BARRON, PHEBE CHEN, AYSE GOKASLAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 25-year-old woman underwent bone and Ga-67 scintigraphy for the evaluation of severe neck and back pain and fever of unknown origin (FUO). The striking scintigraphic and correlative MRI findings involving the axial skeleton are presented. These findings guided clinicans in obtaining a CT directed biopsy which eventually grew a Sensitive strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The increased incidence of tuberculosis in the general population is an important reason to consider the continued use of Ga-67 scintigraphy in the investigation of patients with FUO.
Streptomycin Treatment of Pulmonary Infections
Authors: H. William Harris, Roderick Murray, Tom F. Paine, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

ALTHOUGH pulmonary infections caused by gram-negative bacilli are much less frequent than those caused by gram-positive cocci, they are generally severe and often leave serious damage in the lungs of patients who recover. Their importance has become particularly evident since the advent of the sulfonamides and penicillin, which have produced highly favorable results in pneumococcal, streptococcal and staphylococcal pneumonias but have not materially influenced those due to gram-negative bacilli.Since the original report by Schatz, Bugie and Waksman1 on streptomycin and its antibacterial action against certain gram-negative bacilli, numerous studies have confirmed the marked effect of this antibiotic against most . . .
Exhaled Breath Condensate Detects Markers of Pulmonary Inflammation after Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Edward D. Moloney, Sharon E. Mumby, Reka Gajdocsi, Julius H. Cranshaw, Sergei A. Kharitonov, Gregory J. Quinlan, Mark J. Griffiths
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary by-pass and, to a greater extent, lung resection, causes acute lung injury that is usually subclinical. Analysis of mediators in exhaled breath condensate is a promising means of monitoring inflammation in a variety of airway diseases but the contribution of the airway lining fluid from the lower respiratory tract is uncertain. We compared the analysis of markers of lung injury in exhaled breath condensate and bronchoalveolar lavage in endotracheally intubated patients before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and lobectomy. The neutrophil count and leukotriene B4 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid rose after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (p < 0.05), but there was no significant change in leukotriene B4, hydrogen peroxide, or hydrogen ion concentrations in exhaled breath condensate. By contrast, after lobectomy, the concentration in exhaled breath condensate of leukotriene B4, hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen ions rose significantly (p < 0.05). Exhaled breath condensate is a safe, noninvasive method of sampling the milieu of the distal lung and is sufficiently sensitive to detect markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients after lobectomy, but not after the milder insult associated with cardiac surgery.
Identifying and managing patients at low risk of bowel cancer in general practice
Authors: M R Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

All NHS patients who are suspected to have bowel cancer by their general practitioner should now be seen by a specialist within two weeks.The government introduced this policy in July 2000 in response to concerns that some patients had to wait too long for an outpatient appointment.However, this new policy could distort referral patterns either by increasing the referral of patients with transient symptoms or by increasing the delay for cancer patients presenting with non-typical symptoms.Unless general practitioners act as efficient gatekeepers, specialist services could become overloaded.We explain the basis for the government's guidelines for referral and discuss how to manage patients at low risk of cancer. Development of guidelines for referralThe Department of Health has developed guidelines to help general practitioners decide which patients require fast track referral and which can safely be treated and monitored in general practice (table ). 1 2 The guidelines were based on data from relevant studies, which were assigned levels of evidence by established methods. 3][6]
Exercise Performance and Electrocardiographic Changes in Indices of Effect of Long-acting Nitrates in Angina Pectoris
Authors: A. M. Abrahamsen, F. Kiil
Journal: BMJ (1966)

An important advantage-of a standard administration scheme of S.K. is that the laboratory control is greatly simplified and is not even essential.This burden of control, and the lack of good assay systems, have in the past been major problems in fibrinolytic therapy.The required facilities for plasminogen determinations and other assays are not necessarily present in smaller hospitals and the accuracy of laboratory assessments only occasionally performed may be questioned.Using intense and prolonged S.K. administration, properly conducted according to the criteria mentioned above, pulsative blood flow was restored in 12 of the 15 treated cases.In nine cases where the pulsative flow was restored, arteriographic series were taken before and after the S.K. administration.In all of them clearing of the main artery was found.It was hoped that rapid restoration of blood-flow would pre- vent irreversible tissue necrosis.However, in some cases, though pulsative blood flow was restored, amputation of at least some part of the involved extremity was necessary.There- fore any modification of S.K. treatment which restores the blood-flow more rapidly could be of crucial importance.This might be a further reason for presenting a standard administra- tion scheme for S.K., rather than a scheme varying according to the patient, where the necessary laboratory controls would delay the start of S.K. administration.We are aware that this new administration scheme may result in very widespread use of this material in hospitals.At present, however, only a high incidence of thrombolysis in vivo by streptokinase administration has been proved.Comparative studies of the mortality rate, limb amputation rate, and the incidence of recurrence with S.K. therapy and other forms of treatment of recent peripheral arterial occlusions are not avail- able at this time.This information should be available before the widespread use of S.K. can be justified. SummaryThe feasibility and efficiency of a standard administration scheme have been explored, using experience gained from pre- vious experiments and clinical trials with streptokinase (S.K.) as a thrombolytic agent in man.With a set initial dose of 1,250,000 U. S.K. administered intra-arterially or intra- venously in less than 30 minutes and a maintenance dose of 100,000 U. S.K./hour for three days, restoration of arterial blood-flow was obtained in 12 of 15 arterial occlusions.
Correction of Deficient CD34+ Cells from Peripheral Blood after Mobilization in a Patient with Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
Authors: Frédéric Mazurier, Fabien Géronimi, Isabelle Lamrissi-Garcia, Carine Morel, Emmanuel Richard, Cécile Ged, Antonio Fontanellas, François Moreau-Gaudry, Miquel Morey, Hubert de Verneuil
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is an inherited disease due to a deficiency in the uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS), the fourth enzyme of the heme pathway. It is characterized by accumulation of uroporphyrin I in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other organs. The onset of most cases occurs in infancy and the main symptoms are cutaneous photosensitivity and hemolysis. For severe transfusion-dependent cases, when allogeneic cell transplantation cannot be performed, autografting of genetically modified primitive/stem cells is the only alternative. In the present study, efficient mobilization of peripheral blood primitive CD34+ cells was performed on a young adult CEP patient. Retroviral transduction of this cell population with the therapeutic human UROS (hUS) gene resulted in both enzymatic and metabolic correction of CD34+-derived cells, as demonstrated by the increase in UROS activity and by a 53% drop in porphyrin accumulation. A 10–24% gene transfer efficiency was achieved in the most primitive cells, as demonstrated by the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC). Furthermore, gene expression remained stable during in vitro erythroid differentiation. Therefore, these results are promising for the future treatment of CEP patients by gene therapy.
Type 1 Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonism Reduces Antigen-induced Airway Reactions
Authors: SHIGEHARU MYOU, MASAKI FUJIMURA, KAZUYOSHI KURASHIMA, HIDEKI TACHIBANA, KAZUYOSHI WATANABE, TATSUKI HIROSE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Although the renin-angiotensin system is activated in patients with asthma during severe acute attacks and angiotensin II has been shown to cause bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma, the role of angiotensin II in patients with asthma is unclear. We investigated the effects of two specific antagonists at type 1 and type 2 angiotensin II receptors, candesartan cilexetil (TCV-116) and PD123319, on antigen-induced airway reactions in guinea pigs. Sixty minutes after intraperitoneal administration of candesartan cilexetil (0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg/kg) or PD123319 (30 mg/kg), animals received an antigen challenge. Airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was assessed as the dose of methacholine required to produce a 200% increase in the pressure at the airway opening (PC(200)). Differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were measured 24 h after antigen challenge. Candesartan cilexetil did not inhibit antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in sensitized guinea pigs or alter PC(200) in nonsensitized guinea pigs. Antigen inhalation significantly increased bronchoconstrictor responses to methacholine and increased airway accumulation of eosinophils; both responses showed dose-dependent prevention by candesartan but not by PD123319. These results indicate that endogenous angiotensin II promotes antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil accumulation by acting at type 1 receptors.
Pulmonary Function and Therapy in Disability Applicants
Authors: Harold M. Silver
Journal: JAMA (1965)

One hundred consecutive Social Security applicants with chronic obstructive lung disease were referred for consultative evaluation, including history, physical examination and lung-function tests. There was good agreement between the lung-function tests and the patients' stated ability to climb steps in terms of groups, but in terms of individuals the variation was wide. The response to bronchodilators administered by aerosol spray indicated that some degree of reversibility was present in the majority of subjects. Treatment of these patients did not appear to be optimal. Reasons for this suboptimal treatment include both patient and physician factors. Possible patient factors include poor educational, social, and vocational background, depression, apathy, lack of motivation and possibility of secondary gain. Physician factors include lack of knowledge, limitation in therapeutic skill, and failure to communicate with the patient in a positive fashion. Suggestion for improvement in each possible etiologic factor is made. It is hoped that improvement in care could be translated into rehabilitation of some patients and prevention of disability in others.
Cutaneous Innate Immune Sensing of Toll-like Receptor 2-6 Ligands Suppresses T Cell Immunity by Inducing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Yuliya Skabytska, Florian Wölbing, Claudia Günther, Martin Köberle, Susanne Kaesler, Ko-Ming Chen, Emmanuella Guenova, Doruk Demircioglu, Wolfgang E. Kempf, Thomas Volz, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Martin Schaller, Martin Röcken, Friedrich Götz, Tilo Biedermann
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Complementary beneficial effect of early and late treatment with ACE-inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction. A model based on GISSI-3 and AIRE results
Authors: Giulio Zuanetti, Roberto Latini, Aldo P. Maggioni, Eugenio Santoro, MariaGrazia Franzosi, Gianni Tognoni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Ischaemic postconditioning protects isolated mouse hearts against ischaemia/reperfusion injury via sphingosine kinase isoform-1 activation
Authors: Z.-Q. Jin, J. S. Karliner, D. A. Vessey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays a vital role in cytoskeletal rearrangement, development, and apoptosis. Sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1), the key enzyme catalyzing the formation of S1P, mediates ischaemic preconditioning. Ischaemic postconditioning (POST) has been shown to protect hearts against ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IR). To date, no studies have examined the role of SphK1 in POST.Wild-type (WT) and SphK1 null (KO) mouse hearts were subjected to IR (45 min of global ischaemia and 45 min of reperfusion) in a Langendorff apparatus. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), maximum velocity of increase or decrease of LV pressure (+/-dP/dtmax), and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were recorded. Infarction size was measured by 1% triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. POST, consisting of 5 s of ischaemia and 5 s of reperfusion for three cycles after the index ischaemia, protected hearts against IR: recovery of LVDP and +/-dP/dtmax were elevated; LVEDP was decreased; infarction size (% of risk area) was reduced from 40 +/- 2% in the control group to 29 +/- 2% of the risk area in the POST group (P < 0.05, n = 4 per group). Phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases detected by Western blotting was increased at 10 min of reperfusion. The protection induced by POST was abolished in KO hearts. Infarction size in KO hearts (57 +/- 5%) was not different from the KO control group (53 +/- 5% of risk area, n = 4, P = NS).A short period of ischaemic POST protected WT mouse hearts against IR. The cardiac protection induced by POST was abrogated in SphK1-KO mouse hearts. Thus, SphK1 is critical for successful ischaemic POST.
Bathtub-Related Electrocutions in the United States, 1979 to 1982
Authors: Lawrence D. Budnick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

From 1979 to 1982, in the United States, at least 95 persons were electrocuted in bathtubs; 66% of the deaths occurred during the winter and spring. Children younger than 5 years had the greatest mortality rate, and hair dryers were responsible for 60% of the deaths. Until electric appliances used in bathrooms are made safer, the appliances should be disconnected when not in use, not used in wet bathtubs, and kept away from children. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:918-920)
Roles of Cardiac Transcription Factors in Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Hiroshi Akazawa, Issei Komuro
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Different cell types, equipped with unique structure and function, synthesize different sets of proteins on the basis of different patterns of gene expression, even though their genomes are identical. Cardiac transcription factors have been reported to control a cardiac gene program and thus to play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation during embryogenesis. Recently, postnatal roles of cardiac transcription factors have been extensively investigated. Consistent with the direct transactivation of numerous cardiac genes reactivated in response to hypertrophic stimulation, cardiac transcription factors are profoundly involved in the generation of cardiac hypertrophy or in cardioprotection from cytotoxic stress in the adult heart. In this review, the regulation of a cardiac gene program by cardiac transcription factors is summarized, with an emphasis on their potential role in the generation of cardiac hypertrophy.
F-18 FDG PET-CT Appearance of Metastatic Brachial Plexopathy in a Case of Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Karuna Luthra, Sneha Shah, Nilendu Purandare, Seema Medhi, V Rangarajan, A M. Samuel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 62-year-old woman who had surgery for carcinoma of the left breast (infiltrating duct cell carcinoma grade III) and was postchemotherapy and local radiotherapy presented after 10 years with severe pain in the left shoulder and left arm. Routine follow-up investigations in these 10 years had been within normal limits. She also had a history of cervical spondylosis. A bone scan showed increased MDP uptake in the L5 and D9 vertebrae and a low-grade increase in both shoulders and knee joints, suggestive of degenerative changes. MRI showed hyperintense signal and thickening of retro- and infraclavicular portions of the left brachial plexus (metastatic?). The patient was referred for a PET-CT scan to assess the disease status. PET-CT imaging with F-18 FDG confirmed increased metabolism in the brachial plexus suggestive of tumor infiltration.
HCV–HIV Coinfection: Simple Messages from a Complex Disease
Authors: Paul Klenerman, Arthur Kim
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infection are both major global health problems, each with their own specific unsolved and difficult issues of prevention, pathogenesis, and therapy. For HIV, many of the clinical problems experienced are related to loss of immunological control over relatively commonly encountered pathogens. In most of these cases (e.g., cytomegalovirus [CMV], Pneumocystis jiroveci. human herpesvirus-8), normal immunological control is quite efficient, and these organisms behave as “opportunists.” HCV is slightly different, in that immunological control in normal HIV-uninfected individuals is often poor, and HCV infection alone can lead to the gradual evolution of end-stage liver disease in normal hosts. However, although a consensus is forming about the basic details of the immune responses associated with acute control of HCV monoinfection, the long-term relationships between immune responses, viral load, and most importantly, disease progression in those who are persistently infected are still poorly understood.
The effects of chronic infection with a superantigen-producing virus.
Authors: L Ignatowicz, J Kappler, P Marrack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

C3H/HeJ mice transmit a mouse mammary tumor virus from mother to pup in milk. The retrovirus infects mice shortly after birth and, when expressed in recipient mice, produces a V beta 14-specific superantigen. The consequences of such expression on V beta 14-bearing T cells are examined in this paper. Most cells bearing V beta 14 and either CD4 or CD8 are eliminated in the thymus. Some V beta 14-bearing cells escape to the periphery, however. Those bearing CD8 are unaffected by expression of the viral superantigen. The percentage of peripheral CD4+ T cells bearing V beta 14 drops with time after birth. In large part this seems to be due to the fact that many of these cells become anergic because of exposure to the viral superantigen. Unlike normal T cells, these anergic cells cannot undergo peripheral postthymic expansion. Consequently, they drop in percentage even during a time when their total numbers are constant.
Pilot study of factors associated with exacerbations in chronic bronchitis
Authors: M. Fisher, A. J. Akhtar, M. A. Calder, M. A. J. Moffat, S. M. Stewart, H. Zealley, J. W. Crofton
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The factors associated with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were investigated in a pilot study of 23 male patients over a period of 29 months. There were 63 exacerbations-56 were fully investigated and in seven only serological studies were possible. Evidence of the presence of an infective agent was sought in the early stages of the exacerbations and during relative quiescence. Significantly more potential pathogens, both bacterial (pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae) and viral and mycoplasmal, were found during exacerbations than in quiescent periods. It was not possible to demonstrate that atmospheric pollution or low temperature influenced exacerbations, but the data are insufficient to exclude a small effect.It is emphasized that the value of future work on these lines would be increased if agreement could be reached on the definition of an exacerbation.
Microbes Ward Off Bowel Disease
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Radionuclide Bone Imaging Findings in Loose Cemented Joint Prostheses Appear to Be Normal Postoperative Findings in Cementless Joint Prostheses Preliminary Case Report
Authors: WILLIAM L. HIGGINS, J DAVID BLAHA, ANDREW H. MACE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Two cases exemplify that three point uptake on radionuclide bone scans within the first postsurgical year of press-fit cementless joint prostheses appear to be a normal physiomechanical finding.
Indomethacin and Platelet Aggregation in Chronic Glomerulonephritis: Existence of Non-responders
Authors: G. De Gaetano, J. Vermylen, M. B. Donati, G. Dotremont, P. Michielsen
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Indomethacin given to adults with glomerulonephritis usually reduces their urinary excretion of protein and fibrinogen/fibrin-related (F.R.) antigen. Nevertheless, non-responders exist. Platelet aggregation is significantly more strongly inhibited by indomethacin in good responders than in nonresponders. This supports the hypothesis that the reduction of urinary excretion of F.R. antigen during indomethacin administration is related, at least in part, to inhibition of intrarenal platelet aggregation and of the subsequent fibrin deposition.