tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Malaria Vaccine Based on a Sporozoite Antigen
Authors: Ruth S. Nussenzweig, Fidel Zavala
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Malaria was eliminated from many temperate-zone countries in the 1940s, and in the next decade its prevalence was drastically reduced in several tropical countries. However, in recent years, this infection has undergone a resurgence in most tropical regions. Currently, malaria occurs in over 90 countries, and according to World Health Organization estimates, it causes up to 500 million clinical cases and 2.7 million deaths per year. Plasmodium falciparum is the most prevalent of the four malaria parasites of humans and causes most of the severe and lethal infections affecting young children and nonimmune adults. The P. vivax species also causes . . .
Group-Y Meningococcal Disease
Authors: JERRY D. SMILACK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Meningococcal infections have been a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in the military. Although the recent availability of an effective polysaccharide vaccine against group-C infection has resulted in a marked diminution of disease, group-Y meningococcal infections have continued, with an occasional isolated epidemic. Experience with 12 cases of group-Y disease at one U.S. Army training center is presented. Nearly half of the patients presented primarily with evidence of central nervous system involvement. In 4 of the 12 cases meningococcemia alone was the initial presentation; one additional patient with meningococcemia developed meningoencephalitis shortly after hospital admission. There were two cases of primary meningococcal pneumonia. Three of the patients with meningococcemia died; two had clinical or autopsy evidence of a syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Group-Y meningococcal disease appears to be a virulent infection with a significant mortality rate.
Physicians and the Animal-Rights Movement
Authors: Herbert Pardes, Anne West, Harold Alan Pincus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

THE current animal-rights movement threatens the future of health science far more than many physicians recognize. The movement is no fringe group of fanatics who cannot have a serious effect on the real world. It is led by politically shrewd people who have built a powerful machine opposed to all animal studies in the life sciences. By impugning the motives of scientists, inaccurately portraying the conditions under which most animal research takes place, and often camouflaging the radical nature of their true goal, the movement's leaders have won support from many well-meaning but misguided sympathizers with animal welfare. The cost . . .
Understanding glaucomatous damage: Anatomical and functional data from ocular hypertensive rodent retinas
Authors: Manuel Vidal-Sanz, Manuel Salinas-Navarro, Francisco M. Nadal-Nicolás, Luis Alarcón-Martínez, F. Javier Valiente-Soriano, Jaime Miralles de Imperial, Marcelino Avilés-Trigueros, Marta Agudo-Barriuso, Maria P. Villegas-Pérez
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2011)

Glaucoma, the second most common cause of blindness, is characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, with a concomitant loss of the visual field. Although the exact pathogenesis of glaucoma is not completely understood, a critical risk factor is the elevation, above normal values, of the intraocular pressure. Consequently, deciphering the anatomical and functional changes occurring in the rodent retina as a result of ocular hypertension has potential value, as it may help elucidate the pathology of retinal ganglion cell degeneration induced by glaucoma in humans. This paper predominantly reviews the cumulative information from our laboratory's previous, recent and ongoing studies, and discusses the deleterious anatomical and functional effects of ocular hypertension on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in adult rodents. In adult rats and mice, perilimbar and episcleral vein photocauterization induces ocular hypertension, which in turn results in devastating damage of the RGC population. In wide triangular sectors, preferentially located in the dorsal retina, RGCs lose their retrograde axonal transport, first by a functional impairment and after by mechanical causes. This axonal damage affects up to 80% of the RGC population, and eventually causes their death, with somal and intra-retinal axonal degeneration that resembles that observed after optic nerve crush. Importantly, while ocular hypertension affects the RGC population, it spares non-RGC neurons located in the ganglion cell layer of the retina. In addition, functional and morphological studies show permanent alterations of the inner and outer retinal layers, indicating that further to a crush-like injury of axon bundles in the optic nerve head there may by additional insults to the retina, perhaps of ischemic nature.
Cost-effectiveness of semi-annual surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients of the Italian Liver Cancer population
Authors: Alessandro Cucchetti, Franco Trevisani, Matteo Cescon, Giorgio Ercolani, Fabio Farinati, Paolo Del Poggio, Gianludovico Rapaccini, Maria Anna Di Nolfo, Luisa Benvegnù, Marco Zoli, Franco Borzio, Edoardo Giovanni Giannini, Eugenio Caturelli, Maria Chiaramonte, Antonio Daniele Pinna
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Bilateral Anterior Uveitis: A Feature of Streptokinase-Induced Serum Sickness
Authors: Brian D. Proctor, Brian C. Joondeph
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Streptokinase is a commonly used thrombolytic agent. An unusual but well-documented adverse reaction is serum sickness1. Serum sickness typically develops one to two weeks after expo...
Regulations for the Use of Laboratory Animals
Authors: Dan Glickman
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Grim Advocate of Death
Authors: J. M. Johnston
Journal: JAMA (1910)

To the Editor:—  In the Department of Medical Economics, inThe Journal, October 8, page 1313, is an article written in reply to Senator Webster Grim, whose statements were published in the North American concerning the Pennsylvania Board of Health. That a board of health, that medical research, that proper hygiene and sanitary work was very important to any state, all this was admitted by Senator Grim, but the expensive scale and the manner in which Pennsylvania was conducting the said work is what Senator Grim denounced. I desire to ask the writer of the above article inThe Journalof the A. M. A. what amount of money he is now receiving either directly or indirectly from the Pennsylvania Board of Health.
Intermittent and continuous androgen deprivation did not differ for mortality after radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Martin R. Stockler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club15 January 2013Intermittent and continuous androgen deprivation did not differ for mortality after radiotherapy for prostate cancerMartin R. Stockler, MDMartin R. Stockler, MDUniversity of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred and Concord Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (M.R.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-2-201301150-02009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationCrook JM, O’Callaghan CJ, Duncan G, et al. Intermittent androgen suppression for rising PSA level after radiotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:895-903. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22931259Clinical Impact RatingsOncology: Reference1 Hussain M, Tangen CM, Higano CS, et al. Intermittent (IAD) versus continuous androgen deprivation (CAD) in hormone sensitive metastatic prostate cancer (HSM1PC) patients (pts): Results of S9346 (INT-0162), an international phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(15 suppl):4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Martin R. Stockler, MDAffiliations: University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred and Concord Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (M.R.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 January 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byManagement of cancer treatment-induced bone loss 15 January 2013Volume 158, Issue 2Page: JC9KeywordsAndrogensAntigensDeath ratesHazard ratioMortalityProstate cancerRadical prostatectomySexual dysfunctionSurvival analysisTestosterone ePublished: 15 January 2013 Issue Published: 15 January 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Acute heat stroke. Epidemiologic, biochemical, renal, and coagulation studies
Authors: T. F. O'Donnell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Fifteen Marine recruits with acute heat stroke were examined for (1) predisposing factors, (2) blood coagulation disturbances, (3) renal function abnormalities, and (4) blood composition alterations. Epidemiologic data identified the following risk factors; previous residence in a temperate climate, first phase of training, fatigue, and strenuous exercise in hot, humid conditions. Results of blood coagulation studies disclosed an increase in prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, with a decrease in platelet count, probably indicating a transient, low-grade consumptive process. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and creatinine clearance were normal. Only mild elevations of SGOT, SGPT, and lactic dehydrogenase levels were noted, and in combination with clinical observations, they argued against significant muscle damage. No deaths or instances of renal failure occurred.
Pyoderma gangrenosum and ulcerative colitis.
Authors: J R Thornton, R H Teague, T S Low-Beer, A E Read
Journal: Gut (1980)

The relationship of pyoderma gangrenosum and ulcerative colitis remains uncertain. We investigating 14 patients with pyoderma gangrenosum by colonoscopy with multiple biopsies. Six patients had ulcerative colitis and all of these had disease affecting the whole colon. There were no correlations between exacerbations of the colitis and the onset or course of pyoderma gangrenosum. The remaining eight patients with pyoderma gangrenosum had no other disease and they were found to be significantly older than those patients with coexisting colitis (P less than 0.002).
Intracoronary Administration of Cardiac Progenitor Cells Alleviates Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Rats With a 30-Day-Old Infarction
Authors: Xian-Liang Tang, Gregg Rokosh, Santosh K. Sanganalmath, Fangping Yuan, Hiroshi Sato, Jianyao Mu, Shujing Dai, Chengxin Li, Ning Chen, Yong Peng, Buddhadeb Dawn, Greg Hunt, Annarosa Leri, Jan Kajstura, Sumit Tiwari, Gregg Shirk, Piero Anversa, Roberto Bolli
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Administration of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) 4 hours after reperfusion ameliorates left ventricular function in rats with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Clinically, however, this approach is not feasible, because expansion of autologous CPCs after acute MI requires several weeks. Therefore, we sought to determine whether CPCs are beneficial in the more clinically relevant setting of an old MI (scar).One month after coronary occlusion/reperfusion, rats received an intracoronary infusion of vehicle or enhanced green fluorescent protein-labeled CPCs. Thirty-five days later, CPC-treated rats exhibited more viable myocardium in the risk region, less fibrosis in the noninfarcted region, and improved left ventricular function. Cells that stained positive for enhanced green fluorescent protein that expressed cardiomyocyte, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cell markers were observed only in 7 of 17 treated rats and occupied only 2.6% and 1.1% of the risk and noninfarcted regions, respectively. Transplantation of CPCs was associated with increased proliferation and expression of cardiac proteins by endogenous CPCs.Intracoronary administration of CPCs in the setting of an old MI produces beneficial structural and functional effects. Although exogenous CPCs can differentiate into new cardiac cells, this mechanism is not sufficient to explain the benefits, which suggests paracrine effects; among these, the present data identify activation of endogenous CPCs. This is the first report that CPCs are beneficial in the setting of an old MI when given by intracoronary infusion, the most widely applicable therapeutic approach in patients. Furthermore, this is the first evidence that exogenous CPC administration activates endogenous CPCs. These results open the door to new therapeutic applications for the use of autologous CPCs in patients with old MI and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Perioperative Risk Predictors of Cardiac Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation Surgery
Authors: Anas Safadi, Mohamed Homsi, Waddah Maskoun, Kathleen A. Lane, Inder Singh, S.G. Sawada, Jo Mahenthiran
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Cardiac risk assessment for perioperative outcomes of liver transplantation patients is limited. We examined the outcomes of an older intermediate-cardiac-risk group of patients undergoing liver transplantation surgery. Methods and Results— Patients who had liver transplantation surgery between 2001 and 2005 were studied. The 3 outcomes analyzed were nonfatal myocardial infarction, death, and either outcome within the first 30 days after the liver transplantation surgery. Of 403 patients (mean age, 52±9 years; 67% male), 106 (26%) were diabetic, 84 (21%) were hypertensive, and 173 (43%) had a history of smoking. There were 48 total events (12%), 25 myocardial infarctions (7%), and 38 deaths (9%) recorded during the perioperative period. From the final multivariate model, history of coronary artery disease, prior stroke, and postoperative sepsis predicted greater risk ( P =0.014; odds ratio [OR], 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 11.8; P =0.025; OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 33.8; and P &lt;0.001; OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 3.3 to 17.1, respectively). Use of perioperative β-blockers was protective ( P =0.004; OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.6) for combined cardiac outcomes. For the outcome of death on multivariate analysis, postoperative sepsis and increased interventricular septal thickness predicted risk ( P &lt;0.001; OR, 8.6; 95% CI, 3.5 to 20.9; and P =0.027; OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 7.2, respectively), whereas the use of perioperative β-blockers was again protective ( P =0.012; OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.56). Conclusion— In our study of cardiac risk assessment for liver transplantation surgery, history of stroke, coronary artery disease, postoperative sepsis, and increased interventricular septal thickness were markers of adverse perioperative cardiac outcomes, whereas use of perioperative β-blockers was significantly protective.
Physical and chemical properties of skin in habitually trained and sedentary men
Authors: H. SUOMINEN, E. HEIKKINEN, H. MOISIO, K. VILJAMAA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

A number of physical and chemical properties of skin were examined in a study of 29 habitually trained and 29 sedentary men. Compared to the control group, the trained subjects had significantly higher values in the weights of skin samples of equal surface areas as well as the contents of hydroxyproline and nitrogen per skin surface area. When measured by a diaphragm method in vivo, the 'elastic stiffness' (uncorrected for thickness) and 'elastic efficiency' (the recovery of the deformation energy) of skin were significantly higher in the trained men compared to those in the untrained men. The results suggest that skin reflects the adaptation to habitual endurance training by increasing its mass and strengthening its structure. The study did not, however, reveal any differences between physically active and sedentary men in changes due to biological ageing.
False-Positive Reactions Among Narcotic Addicts
Authors: Marvin J. Colbert
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have noted the article inThe Journal, Jan. 28, 1961, entitled "Biologic False-Positive Reactions for Syphilis Among Narcotic Addicts," in which the following sentence appears: The high proportion of non-reactive TPI tests among narcotic addicts with no history of syphilis and reactive STS provides direct evidence that certain drugs may induce BFP reactions. Unless other possible causes were thoroughly investigated, I wonder whether the conclusion that drugs have been demonstrated to cause biologic false-positive (BFP) reactions is justified. I should think the wording might be changed somewhat as follows: The high proportion of non-reactive TPI tests among narcotic addicts with no history of syphilis and reactive serologic test for syphilis ( STS ) is perhaps explained by the fact that addicts are subject to a number of conditions which are known to cause BFP reactions: viral hepatitis, malaria, and others. It may also be hypothesized that the chronic
THE EFFECT OF VENESECTION AND THE POOLING OF BLOOD IN THE EXTREMITIES ON THE ATRIAL PRESSURE AND CARDIAC OUTPUT IN NORMAL SUBJECTS WITH OBSERVATIONS ON ACUTE CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE IN THREE INSTANCES 1
Authors: J. V. Warren, E. S. Brannon, E. A. Stead, A. J. Merrill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1945)

The mechanisms by which the body compensates for a decrease in blood volume have not been thoroughly studied in man.All physicians are aware that from 500 to 1000 ml. of blood can be removed from a person of average size without producing any symptoms, if the body is horizontal.If the blood is removed rapidly, hemodilution plays little part in the immediate adjustment.Do the arterioles constrict, maintaining the arterial pressure at a normal level at the expense of blood flow to the tissues?Is the atrial pressure maintained at the normal level by venous constriction?Or is it possible that up to a cer- tain point, the heart can function effectively with a falling atrial pressure so that the circulation can be maintained without either arteriolar or venous constriction in spite of a moderate decrease in blood volume?The purpose of this paper is to describe the changes in the circulation in normal subjects caused by moderate loss of blood from the body, either as the result of venesection or by pooling blood in the extremities through the application of venous tourniquets.During the experiments, acute circulatory collapse (primary shock) oc- curred in three instances and quantitative observations were made on the changes occurring in the circulation. METHODSMedical students, physicians, and paid volunteers served as subjects.They had not eaten for the pre- ceding 12 hours and they rested in the horizontal posi- tion for at least 30 minutes before the experiment began.
Evidence base: rock of certainty or shifting sands?
Authors: Tari J Turner
Journal: BMJ (2004)

# Not a rock of certainty—but stepping stones? {#article-title-2}

EDITOR—In his personal view Dewhurst discussed his problems with evidence based medicine.1 I spend most of each day accessing, appraising, and synthesising research evidence to answer a range of clinical questions, but no one …
A False-Positive Response in Dexamethasone Testing
Authors: JOSEPH J. FALLON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1984A False-Positive Response in Dexamethasone TestingJOSEPH J. FALLON, M.D., PAUL J. GREEN, PH.D.JOSEPH J. FALLON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL J. GREEN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-5-770_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The standardization of serum cortisol responses to low- and high-dose dexamethasone testing for Cushing's syndrome reported by Ashcraft and colleagues (1) is an economic and technical advance. We wish to report a false-positive study secondary to estrogen administration and also to show the nonspecificity of acid phosphatase values determined in the prostate by the substrate-specific enzymatic method.An 81-year-old man with probable metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate was hospitalized for bone pain that was not relieved by diethylstilbestrol. The patient had a bone biopsy that showed adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site, and a computed tomographic scan showed...References1. ASHCRAFTVAN HERLEVENERGEFFNER NASD. Serum cortisol levels in Cushing's syndrome after low- and high-dose dexamethasone suppression. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:21-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KINGLACK DE. Adrenal cortical carcinoma: a clinical and pathologic study of 49 cases. Cancer. 1979;44:239-44. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. STREETENSTEVENSONDALAKOSNICHOLASDINNICKFELLERMAN DCTJLH. The diagnosis of hypercortisolism: biochemical criteria differentiating patients from lean and obese normal subjects and from females on oral contraceptives. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1969;29:1191-211. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SUNLAMNARUKAR TFL. Clinical applicability of acid phosphatase isoenzyme assay. Clin Chem. 1981;23:1742-4. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jefferson Medical College Philadelphia, PA 19107 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCorrection: Letter on Dexamethasone TestingPAUL J. GREEN, PH.D. 1 May 1984Volume 100, Issue 5Page: 770-770KeywordsAcid phosphataseAdenocarcinomaBiopsyBoneComputed axial tomographyCortisolEstrogens Issue Published: 1 May 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE TREATMENT OF PLACENTA PRÆVIA.Read by Title in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, May, 1890.
Authors: AUGUSTUS P. CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1890)

I am not unaware that much time and attention have been given to the subject of placenta praevia, but the high rate of mortality that has obtained among the mothers and the children, whatever method of treatment employed, is sufficient apology for bringing the subject before this Association. During four years in the Leipzig clinic, Oberman had sixty four cases. The mortality of the mothers was eleven per cent. That of the children fifty three per cent. The treatment employed was Hofmeier's, or as it is sometimes called, the Berlin method. Version combined with external and internal manipulation was employed in cases which were attended with hæmorrhage. The head of the child was brought to the os uteri, and maintained there as a tampon. Massage of the fundus uteri was employed during extraction. Iodoform tampons are advised only in hæmorrhagic cases arising in the earlier stages