tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of pre-existing four hour coronary stenosis on ventricular arrhythmias during a subsequent 10 minute occlusion in dogs
Authors: M. Fujita, Y. Nagamoto, Y. Furuno, T. Ohkita, A. Kuroiwa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Study objective – The aim was to assess the effect of pre-existing coronary stenosis on ventricular arrhythmia during subsequent acute coronary occlusion. Design – Dogs with a 4 h intact interval followed by a 10 min occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery (group A) were compared for ventricular arrhythmias with dogs with a 4 h stenosis of the same artery followed by a 10 min occlusion (group B). Myocardial blood flow was measured in the ischaemic myocardium using the H2 gas clearance method to exclude dogs with good collateral flow (myocardial blood flow >11.0 ml·min−1·100g−1 Experimental animals – 35 mongrel dogs of either sex, weight range 11-26 kg, were used in the experiments (group A, n=17; group B, n=18). After exclusion of dogs with good collateral circulation there were 11 dogs in group A (subgroup A1) and 12 dogs in group B (subgroup B1). Measurements and main results – The incidence of ventricular fibrillation was lower in group B (pre-existing stenosis) than in group A during the 10 min occlusion, though there was no difference in numbers of ventricular premature beats. Maximum ST segment elevation and maximum conduction delay were less in group B than in group A, but myocardial blood flow did not differ during the 10 min occlusion. In the subgroups the incidence of both types of ventricular arrhythmia was lower in subgroup B1 during the 10 min occlusion, while the maximum ST segment elevation and maximum conduction delay were less, and myocardial blood flow was greater. Conclusions – Pre-existing 4 h coronary stenosis causes the development of collateral flow and reduces the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during subsequent occlusion.
STUDIES ON SCRUB TYPHUS
Authors: Joseph E. Smadel, Fred L. Rights, Elizabeth B. Jackson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

A complement-fixing antigen specific for scrub typhus occurs in the body fluids and tissues of infected mice, white rats, and cotton rats. The specific serological substance is demonstrable only in those animals which develop a rapidly fatal disease after an incubation period of a few days. Such an experimental infection is induced in mice and rats by the intravenous injection of suspensions of yolk sac rich in R. orientalis. Ether extraction is an important step in the preparation of a complement-fixing antigen from tissues of mice dying with scrub typhus. The Imphal No. 8 and Calcutta strains of R. orientalis are indistinguishable on the basis of complement fixation and cross-immunity tests. The complement-fixing antigen in body fluids of infected mice and rats and in our preparations of tissues from such animals occurs as a soluble antigen. Under the proper conditions the soluble antigen can be stored or dehydrated without loss of serological activity.
Treatment of Tetanus
Authors: Martin Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We recently treated a 91-year-old man with severe tetanus who exhibited a marked degree of hemodynamic instability and recurrent supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. Early in his course, he was given propranolol hydrochloride, 10 mg every six hours by nasogastric tube. This decreased the frequency of arrhythmia. Several episodes of hypotension responded promptly to appropriate fluid challenge. However, eventually hypotension occurred that was refractory to fluid challenge and for which no cardiovascular or septic cause could be identified. A dopamine infusion was started, but the patient's blood pressure responded erratically, with extremes of hypertension and hypotension observed. Administration of dopamine was discontinued. The patient's hands and feet were cold and blue; he was oliguric, his urine output was less than 10 mL/hr, and his systolic blood pressure by Doppler technique was 40 mm Hg. The patient was given 5 mg of phentolamine intravenously (IV). Several minutes after the phentolamine infusion,
Amateur Boxing-Reply
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  The people who run amateur boxing seem to be genuinely concerned with the safety of the sport, and there is no doubt that it is well regulated. However, most amateur boxers themselves, at the Olympic level anyway, do not seem to see amateur boxing as an end in itself but rather as a means to go into professional boxing and perhaps become rich and famous. When boxers are betting among themselves, as they did in Seoul, South Korea, on who gets the quickest knockout, it does not sound as if they value style and technique over a convincing demonstration of physical superiority. With regard to professional boxing, it is a paradox of our society to condemn violence and brutality on one hand while paying professional boxers millions of dollars to batter each other in a sport whose main point seems to be to inflict pain and suffering.
Alexithymia, Affect Intensity and Emotional Range in Suicidal Patients
Authors: Iulian Iancu, Netta Horesh, Dorit Offer, Pinhas N. Dannon, Elie Lepkifker, Moshe Kotler
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Although negative affect in general has been widely associated with suicide, the role of specific emotions and affect features in depression and suicidality is unclear. This study examined the potential of three major components of the affect structure as predictors of suicidal behavior. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Twenty suicidal depressed (SD) inpatients were compared with 20 nonsuicidal depressed (NSD) inpatients and 20 healthy controls for alexithymia, emotional range (ER; i.e. variety of emotions experienced by the subjects) and affect intensity (AI; i.e. the intensity of their emotional responsiveness). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Both the SD and the NSD patients had a narrower range of emotions, a stronger AI and a higher degree of alexithymia than did the healthy controls. No differences were found between the scores of the two inpatients groups. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The three affect components examined (alexithymia, AI and ER) did not prove to represent sensitive predictors of suicidal behavior. Hopelessness and depression severity were found to be more reliable in the prediction of suicidal risk. We discuss the implications of this study, particularly the possibility of early detection and intervention in patients at risk.
PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA IN RABBITS PRODUCED BY PARENTERAL PHOSPHATE ADMINISTRATION 1
Authors: Truman G. Drake, Fuller Albright, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1937)

Frolmi the observations of Bergstrand (1) and others (2, 3, 4) it has become an established fact that some cases of chronic renal insufficiency are accompanied by enlargement of the parathyroid glands. The condition was well exemplified by a case recently studied at the Massachusetts General Hospital in which chronic glomerular nephritis had existed for more than twenty years, and in which necropsy revealed tremendous enlargement of all parathyroid glands (5). The question as to the cause of the parathyroid enlargement arises. It was suggested by Albright, Baird, Cope and Bloomberg (6) that the phosphate retention in chronic renal insufficiency might be the determining factor. When the blood phosphate level is raised by intravenous phosphate administration, hypocalcemia and tetany ensue (7). It seemed not unlikely that either hyperphosphatemia or the resulting hypocalcemia might be a stimulus to parathyroid hyperplasia. The present investigations were undertaken to determine the effect of administration of parenteral phosphate on the parathyroid glands of rabbits.
Detection and measurement of fetomaternal haemorrhage: serum alpha-fetoprotein and the Kleihauer technique.
Authors: E Lachman, S M Hingley, G Bates, A M Ward, C R Stewart, S L Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A raised maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration was taken as an indicator of fetomaternal haemorrhage due to amniocentesis and was used to calculate the volume of the fetal bleed. The alpha-fetoprotein concentration seemed to be a more sensitive and reliable indicator than the established Kleihauer technique and may have further applications in antenatal testing.
Impact and sustainability of a "baby friendly" health education intervention at a district hospital in Bihar, India
Authors: B. Prasad, A. M d. L Costello
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To evaluate the impact and sustainability of a baby friendly training intervention for staff at an Indian district hospital on initiation of breast feeding and use of prelacteal feeds by mothers. <b>Design</b>: Intervention study with assessment by interviewing mothers. <b>Subjects</b>: 172 mothers recruited before the intervention, 195 recruited immediately after the intervention, and 101 recruited six months later. <b>Setting</b>: District hospital in a small town in Bihar, India. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Age of infant when breast feeding started, use of prelacteal feeds, and colostrum feeding. <b>Intervention</b>: 10 day training programme for doctors, nurses, and midwives, explaining the benefits and feasibility of early breast feeding and dangers of prelacteal feeds together with instruction on explaining this information to mothers. <b>Results</b>: Breast feeding was started within 24 hours of birth by 53 (29%) of control mothers, 164 (84%) in the early follow up group, and 60 (59%) in the late follow up group. Prelacteal feeds were used by 165 (96%), 84 (43%), and 78 (77%) respectively. Only 36 mothers in the late follow up group reported receiving education on feeding. Mothers in this group who had received the education were significantly more likely than mothers who received no education to breast feed early (28 (78%) v 11 (17%), P&lt;0.001) and not use prelacteal feeds (21 (58%) v 2 (3%), P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: Training doctors and midwives greatly improves the feeding practices of mothers. However, the impact of the training fell off quickly and refresher training is needed to sustain the improvement. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages In this study education given to health professionals in an Indian hospital on the benefits of early breast feeding greatly increased the number of babies breast fed within 24 hours The number of babies given prelacteal feeds also fell Six months after the intervention many mothers were no longer being given the health education and feeding practices had reverted to the traditional A single explanation can change mothers9 behaviour, but education for health professionals needs to be reinforced regularly to maintain the programme9s effect
Psychiatric and medical features of near fatal asthma.
Authors: D A Campbell, P M Yellowlees, G McLennan, J R Coates, P A Frith, P A Gluyas, K M Latimer, C G Luke, A J Martin, R E Ruffin
Journal: Thorax (1995)

The associations between psychiatric caseness, denial, and self reported measures of handicap and morbidity due to asthma in patients suffering a near fatal attack of asthma have not been fully explored.Seventy seven consecutive subjects who presented to Adelaide teaching hospitals with a near fatal attack of asthma were assessed with a validated semi-structured interview following discharge from hospital.43% of the patients scored > or = 5 on the GHQ-28 questionnaire. There was a positive correlation between GHQ-28 score and limitation to daily activities due to asthma, and between GHQ-28 score and days lost from work, school or usual daily activities, both of which were retained after adjusting for age and sex. Asthma severity did not show a clear association with GHQ-28 score. The asthmatic patients reported high levels of denial, 57% scoring more than 3 out of 5 on the denial scale of the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire. Presentation with a history of progressive respiratory distress was negatively associated with denial score. This persisted after adjustment for age and sex--that is, those with high denial scores were more likely to report presentation as sudden collapse than progressive respiratory distress.Psychiatric caseness (GHQ score > or = 5) is associated with high levels of morbidity in asthmatic patients who survive a near fatal attack of asthma. High levels of denial in asthmatic subjects may be life threatening. The link between morbidity associated with asthma and psychiatric features, along with other psychosocial issues, warrants further investigation. A broader paradigm than the traditional medical model should be considered when assessing patients with asthma.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cytotoxicity and Sustained Inhibition of Neointimal Formation by Fibroblast Growth Factor 2–Saporin Fusion Protein
Authors: Andrew Farb, Sue J. Lee, Duk H. Min, Zahra Parandoosh, Jennifer Cook, John McDonald, Glenn F. Pierce, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is an important mediator of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation following arterial injury that results in neointimal growth. The present study was designed to explore the effects of recombinant FGF2 linked to the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin-6 (rFGF2-SAP) on vascular SMC cytotoxicity and neointimal formation following arterial injury. Cultured rat aortic SMCs were exposed to various concentrations of rFGF2-SAP, FGF2, and saporin-6 (SAP). Incubation with rFGF2-SAP resulted in a decreased number of SMCs beginning at a concentration of 10(-9) mol/L. Significant cytotoxicity was observed with as little as a 30-minute exposure of SMCs to rFGF2-SAP. To evaluate the ability of rFGF2-SAP in an in vivo model to reduce neointimal formation, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent carotid artery balloon denudation and received an intravenous bolus of vehicle or 5, 10, 15, or 20 micrograms/kg rFGF2-SAP on 0, 3, 6, and 9 days after injury. Rats were euthanized at 14 days, and carotid arteries were analyzed by computerized morphometry. The threshold dose for a significant reduction in neointimal area by rFGF2-SAP was 15 micrograms/kg (47% reduction in neointima). When dosing was extended to include days 16, 19, and 22, the neointima was reduced 33% at 28 days (P = .048). rFGF2-SAP reduced neointima without associated medial thinning or arterial wall dilatation. To determine if rFGF2-SAP directly targets SMCs in vivo, rats underwent carotid injury and received either 15 micrograms/kg rFGF2-SAP or vehicle on day 0 and at 72 hours, with euthanasia at 78 hours after balloon denudation. Medial SMC number was reduced 46% in the rFGF2-SAP group. Tissue sections from arteries 3 days after balloon injury demonstrated rFGF2-SAP binding to medial SMCs and adventitial cells. Staining for fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 revealed a high level of expression in ballooned arteries 3 and 14 days after injury. Taken together, these results provide a molecular and cellular basis for the observed specificity. Prolonged delivery of rFGF2-SAP can affect the natural history of arterial repair after injury.
Magnetic resonance imaging in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Rakesh Sinha, Chuka Nwokolo, Paul D Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2008)

This article explores the use of magnetic resonance imaging as an emerging modality in the investigation of Crohn's diseaseThe patient A 35 year old man presented with multiple discharging fistulas through the midline below the umbilicus and left iliac fossa.At seven years of age, he had had a colectomy with an ileostomy for Crohn's disease. What is the next investigation?Imaging in Crohn's disease aims to detect the presence of ulceration, fistulas, bowel oedema, strictures, and extraintestinal abnormalities. Plain abdominal radiographPlain abdominal radiography may help identify complications related to Crohn's disease, such as bowel obstruction or perforation, but it has a limited role assessing inflammatory activity. Barium examinationsRadiological imaging of the small bowel has traditionally relied on barium examinations.Barium examinations, however, result in a considerable number of false negative results. 1 A barium examination may also overlook extramural complications such as fistulas, sinuses, and extraintestinal abscesses. EnteroclysisConventional enteroclysis is performed after placement of a naso-jejunal catheter and infusion of a barium and methylcellulose solution, which provides double contrast images of the small intestine.The technique produces excellent visualisation of the mucosa, although extraintestinal detail is limited.One of the disadvantages of enteroclysis is discomfort experienced by the patient during intubation.The effective radiation dosages on barium and enteroclysis examinations range from 2 mSv to 4 mSv. FistulographyFistulography may be performed to outline fistulous tracks and their communication with the bowel.
The World Bank and world health: Healthcare strategy
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1999)

the double standard of sexual behaviour (the acceptability of men’s sexual activity versus the disease consequences of women’s) still prevails. The relatively small part that men will be required to play in the screening process not only disadvantages women but fosters the continuing lack of recognition that men also suffer the consequences of gender inequalities in the maintenance of their health. Full consideration of these issues is important if we are to develop health education programmes that will increase the acceptability of any future screening programme and ensure that it does not impact negatively on perceptions of female sexuality. Competing interests: None declared.
Strongyloidiasis in Veterans-Reply
Authors: Robert M. Genta
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Byard and colleagues that the clinical manifestations of disseminated strongyloidiasis are helpful in suggesting the diagnosis. However, our study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of serology for the detection of chronic, nondisseminated infections, which often remain undiagnosed for a long time precisely because of their few and nonspecific manifestations. The high prevalence of larva currens found in British,<sup>1</sup>Australian,<sup>2</sup>and American<sup>3</sup>former prisoners of war who worked on the Burma-Thai railroad contrasts with the virtual absence of this dermatitis in patients with documented<i>S stercoralis</i>infections presumably acquired on the American continent.<sup>4</sup>We have suggested that the existence of separate geographic strains of the parasite may account for this difference,<sup>5</sup>but further studies are needed to test this hypothesis. Based on their Tasmanian experience, Byard and colleagues correctly stress the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion when
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction.
Authors: Jorge E. Maldonado
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction.Jorge E. Maldonado, M.D., F.A.C.P., James A. Gregg, M.D., F.A.C.P., Paul A. Green, M.D., Martin A. Adson, M.D., Eugene Greenberg, M.D.Jorge E. Maldonado, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, James A. Gregg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Paul A. Green, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Martin A. Adson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Eugene Greenberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1148_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1960 Naish and coworkers reported on a patient with recurrent episodes of intestinal obstruction associated with steatorrhea in whom no organic cause for the obstruction was found. The mucosal pattern was normal. We have encountered five patients with this syndrome, three of them males, two females; in two, relatives were similarly afflicted. Diarrhea was common, and steatorrhea was demonstrated in all four patients in whom the fat excretion was quantitated. Appropriate histologic studies were normal, and myenteric ganglion cells were demonstrated.These patients had recurrent abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting. Dilation and impaired motility of different portions of the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jorge E. Maldonado, M.D., F.A.C.P.; James A. Gregg, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Paul A. Green, M.D.; Martin A. Adson, M.D.; Eugene Greenberg, M.D.Affiliations: Rochester, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1148-1149KeywordsCellsDiarrheaExcretionFatsNauseaVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ receptor improves Nkx2.5 cardiomyoblast-mediated regeneration
Authors: Wen-Pin Chen, Yuan-Hung Liu, Yi-Jin Ho, Sean M Wu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Our previous study found that A83-01, a small molecule type 1 TGFβ receptor inhibitor, could induce proliferation of postnatal Nkx2.5(+) cardiomyoblasts in vitro and enhance their cardiomyogenic differentiation. The present study addresses whether A83-01 treatment in vivo could increase cardiomyogenesis and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction through an Nkx2.5(+) cardiomyoblast-dependent process.To determine the effect of A83-01 on the number of Nkx2.5(+) cardiomyoblasts in the heart after myocardial injury, we treated transgenic Nkx2.5 enhancer-GFP reporter mice for 7 days with either A83-01 or DMSO and measured the number of GFP(+) cardiomyoblasts in the heart at 1 week after injury by flow cytometry. To determine the degree of new cardiomyocyte formation after myocardial injury and the effect of A83-01 in this process, we employed inducible Nkx2.5 enhancer-Cre transgenic mice to lineage label postnatal Nkx2.5(+) cardiomyoblasts and their differentiated progenies after myocardial injury. We also examined the cardiac function of each animal by intracardiac haemodynamic measurements. We found that A83-01 treatment significantly increased the number of Nkx2.5(+) cardiomyoblasts at baseline and after myocardial injury, resulting in an increase in newly formed cardiomyocytes. Finally, we showed that A83-01 treatment significantly improved ventricular elastance and stroke work, leading to improved contractility after injury.Pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signalling improved cardiac function in injured mice and promoted the expansion and cardiomyogenic differentiation of Nkx2.5(+) cardiomyoblasts. Direct modulation of resident cardiomyoblasts in vivo may be a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic cardiac regeneration.