tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cigarette Smoking and Vertebral Body Deformity
Authors: Graeme Jones
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Cigarette smoking has been consistently associated with osteoporosis<sup>1,2</sup>and both appendicular<sup>3</sup>and vertebral<sup>4</sup>fractures. The increase in fracture risk is thought to be mediated by a decrease in bone density, but this has not been directly assessed for spinal fractures. We studied the relationship between cigarette smoking, bone density, and vertebral deformity in 300 elderly men and women participating in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES). The city of Dubbo has a population of approximately 32 000 people and is situated 400 km northwest of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. This community includes approximately 1600 men and 2100 women aged 60 years or older (as of January 1, 1989), 98.6% of whom are white. Subjects were invited to participate in DOES, which commenced in 1989. By the end of 1993, 1950 subjects (62%) of a surviving total target population of 2900 were participating. Using
Quenchless Quest for Questionable Cure
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

This comment is prompted by two fine essays that have graced two other medical publications. One is an editorial entitled "Chihuahuas and Laetrile, Chelation Therapy, and Honey from Boulder, Colo"1 by Dr. Alfred Soffer, the longtime editor of Chest, and the very recent editor of the Archives of Internal Medicine. The other is "Medicine and Mass Communication: An agenda for physicians"2 in the September issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine. Its author is Peter M. Sandman, Ph.D., clearly an expert in the technics of persuasive communication.If counterposed, the Soffer and Sandman comments are in a sense antithetical . . .
THE WASSERMANN TEST: A Method not Necessitating the use of Guinea-pigs as the Source of Complement
Authors: O. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1915)

7. The volatile oils lhave no direct insecticidal effect.In a moist vapour of oil of wintergreen, oil of cloves, oil of caraw y, oil of tnrpentine, oil of eucalyptns, oil of thlyme, etc., lice live for imiany lhours at body temperature, and can be revived after immersion in these oils.8.Over solid substances, stuell as iodoform, camphpor, and paraform, and in contact -with tlhem, and in contact with garments imnpregnated witlh sulplhur, borax, black lhellebore, alumn, etc., lice appear to remain practically unaffected.9.The hiungry louse feeds on the human body pre- viously anointed withl sulphur ointment, ba.lsam of Peru, mercury oleate ointnment, chrysarobin ointment, staves.acre ointmlient, and lhellebore ointment.The louse cer- tainly prefers the clean body, but it can feed on the body tlhus anointed and tlhereafter survive.10.It lhas still to be determined whether some of these
TCTAP C-195 Axillo-Femoral Bypass Steal Syndrome: Diagnostic Significance of Hemodynamic Assessment with Duplex Ultrasonography
Authors: Hideya Shigyo, Osami Kawarada, Shingo Sakamoto, Koichiro Harada, Teruo Noguchi, Satoshi Yasuda, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Hemoglobin adducts of N-substituted aryl compounds in exposure control and risk assessment.
Authors: H G Neumann, G Birner, P Kowallik, D Schütze, I Zwirner-Baier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Arylamines, nitroarenes, and azo dyes yield a common type of metabolite, the nitroarene, which produces a hydrolyzable adduct with protein and is closely related to the critical, ultimate toxic and genotoxic metabolite. The target dose as measured by hemoglobin adducts in erythrocytes reflects not only the actual uptake from the environment but also an individual's capacity for metabolic activation and is therefore an improved dosimeter for human exposure. The usefulness of hemoglobin adducts in molecular epidemiology is now widely recognized. With regard to risk assessment, many questions need to be answered. The described experiments in rats address some of these questions. The relationship between binding to hemoglobin in erythrocytes and to proteins in plasma has been found to vary considerably for a number of diamines. The fraction of hydrolyzable adducts out of the total protein adducts formed also varies in both compartments. This indicates that the kind of circulating metabolites and their availability in different compartments is compound specific. This has to do with the complex pattern of competing metabolic pathways, and the role of N-acetylation and deacetylation is emphasized. An example of nonlinear dose dependence adds to the complexity. Analysis of hemoglobin adducts reveals interesting insights into prevailing pathways, which not only apply to the chemical, but may also be useful to assess an individual's metabolic properties. In addition, it is demonstrated that the greater part of erythrocytes and benzidine-hemoglobin adducts are eliminated randomly in rats, i.e., following first-order kinetics.
Canadian woman seeks class action suit over breast cancer tests
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A Montreal woman who was given a diagnosis of breast cancer last July and is uncertain whether the treatment she has been prescribed is appropriate is seeking to initiate a class action lawsuit against the Quebec provincial government for allegedly mishandling thousands of breast cancer tests.

Her lawyer, Bruce W Johnston, of the Montreal firm Trudel and Johnston, claims that thousands of other Quebec women with breast cancer are also uncertain whether their treatments were appropriate. The tests were done to determine the hormone status …
A Tale of Two Institutions
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

With the debris of Mr. Nixon's regal presidency still smoldering, hopes focus on the revival of Congress as a barrier to the governmental sins of recent years. Realism, however, suggests that the hopes should not be attached to any great expectations, for caprice and the bully instinct are not prohibited on Capitol Hill, nor should there be any illusions that many petty tyrants in Congress are preferable to one major tyrant in the White House.By way of illustration, let us consider the disparate fates that Congress recently dealt two relatively unknown, but important, federal institutions, the National Institute of . . .
Only doctors can carry out euthanasia in the Netherlands, ruling confirms
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The chairman of a Dutch suicide support group has been given a prison sentence and his organisation fined in a test ruling that highlights that doctors alone can assist suicide in the Netherlands.

Gerard Schellekens, of the Foundation for a Voluntary Life (SVL), helped an 80 year old woman, who was bedridden with advanced Parkinson’s disease commit suicide after the GP at her nursing home refused euthanasia.

The family of Mrs Co de Jong had contacted Mr Schellekens for help after her doctor judged that she was not suffering hopelessly and unbearably—requirements for euthanasia under Dutch law.

The prosecution said …
B1-06: Multicenter, randomized study of Docetaxel versus Docetaxel plus Oblimersen in patients previously treated for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Roy S. Herbst, Rafat H. Ansari, V Gorbunova, G Manikhas, Mansoor N. Saleh, Thomas E. Boyd, Christopher G. Azzoli, Francisco Robert, Loretta M. Itri, Robert Chapman
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Effect of Polymorphisms in the ADRB2 3' Untranslated Region (3'UTR) on Response to Inhaled Corticosteroid and Long-Acting β2-Adrenergic Agonist (ICS/LABA) Combination Therapy
Authors: M. Goldman, R.M. Lawrance, E.R. Bleecker, D.A. Meyers, H.J. Ambrose
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
GMC advises trusts on governance
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A committee of MPs heard last week how the new duty of clinical governance to be placed on NHS trusts in England is being underpinned by advice from the General Medical Council (GMC).

Sir Donald Irvine, the president of the GMC, explained that although the council has no jurisdiction over health authorities and trusts, in a new departure it was having a dialogue with them about their arrangements for …
Epilepsy after Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: F. C. Rose, M. Sarner
Journal: BMJ (1965)

mother; not only is she denied the immediate joy of seeing and holding her newborn child but she has to face the next few days in doubt and uncertainty, at a time when she should be receiving the reward for months of discipline and weeks of separation from her family.Tact, sympathy, and encouragement are needed at this stage, and the obstetrician should see to it that the patient receives adequate preparation for this final period of waiting in the weeks before delivery. SummaryThe 113 pregnancies (115 foetuses) occurring in 80 diabetic patients treated in the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, over the eight years 1956 to 1963 have been reviewed.The total foetal loss was 16.2% and the perinatal mortality 11.9%/.Although these results are an improvement on those of the previous years they are still too high.The management of these diabetic patients over the past eight years is discussed and those factors considered mainly responsible for the reduction in perinatal mortality are emphasized.Certain alterations in our present management have been made in the hope that our present foetal loss can be reduced still further.The most important of these are: (1) a special antenatal clinic for diabetic patients attended by both physician and obstetrician ; (2) strict antenatal supervision from the early weeks in an attempt to reduce the number of miscarriages;(3) rigorous control of the diabetes and the use of a twice-daily insulin dosage regime; (4) admission to hospital at least four weeks before the provisional date of delivery and not later than 32 weeks; (5) the maturity at which delivery should take place must be carefully selected for each individual patient-routine delivery at a particular maturity must be abandoned; (6) unless there is some contraindication, a trial medical and/or surgical induction of labour with certain reservations should be attempted in primigravid as it is in the multigravid patients.We wish to thank Professor C. H. G. Macafee and the consultants of the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, for permission to study the obstetric records of these patients.
Step tests of cardiorespiratory fitness suitable for mass testing.
Authors: J. Watkins
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

Step tests have been widely used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. Work rate is determined by step height and step frequency, whereas the total amount of work done depends upon the number and duration of work periods. In all step tests which are suitable for mass testing, performance is based on heart rate during recovery. A review of the literature strongly suggests that step tests can give reliable and valid measures of cardiorespiratory fitness provided that (a) the subjects have received adequate instruction and practice in taking the test prior to the criterion test performance, and (b) the work load is above a certain threshold.
Mycoplasma pulmonis infections cause long-lasting potentiation of neurogenic inflammation in the respiratory tract of the rat.
Authors: D M McDonald, T R Schoeb, J R Lindsey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

These experiments were done to learn whether Mycoplasma pulmonis infections of the respiratory tract of rats can potentiate "neurogenic inflammation" and whether this potentiation is amplified by factors that exacerbate the infections. Pathogen-free F344 rats were inoculated intranasally with M. pulmonis or with sterile culture medium and then lived for 4 wk in an ammonia-free atmosphere or in air containing ammonia (100 parts per million). Neurogenic inflammation was evoked by an intravenous injection of capsaicin, and 5 min later the magnitude of the response was quantified by measuring the amount of extravasation of two tracers, Monastral blue pigment and Evans blue dye. We found that vascular permeability in the tracheas of all rats was normal in the absence of capsaicin. However, a 75-micrograms/kg dose of capsaicin, which caused almost no extravasation of Evans blue in the tracheas of pathogen-free controls (17 +/- 3 ng/mg; mean +/- SE), produced extensive extravasation in the infected rats (135 +/- 18 ng/mg; P less than 0.001). Similarly, this dose of capsaicin produced 30 times as much Monastral blue extravasation in the infected rats (area density = 47 +/- 8% of surface area) as it did in the pathogen-free rats (1.6 +/- 0.5%; P less than 0.001), a difference that resulted from increases in the number of Monastral blue-labeled postcapillary venules and in the amount of labeling per venule. Exposure of the infected rats to ammonia exacerbated the infections, further increased the number of Monastral blue-labeled vessels and the amount of labeling per vessel, and made the rats so sensitive to capsaicin that a normally tolerable dose of 150 micrograms/kg i.v. caused fatal apnea. Ammonia did not have these effects in pathogen-free rats. We conclude that M. pulmonis infections of the airway mucosa cause a potent, long-lasting potentiation of neurogenic inflammation, which results in part from an increase in the number and responsiveness of mediator-sensitive postcapillary venules. These changes can be amplified by environmental factors such as ammonia which exacerbate the infections.
Use of SPECT to Distinguish Recurrent Brain Tumor from Persistent Activity at a Craniotomy Site
Authors: B DAVID COLLIER, MAURICE GREENBERG, RONALD S. TIKOFSKY, ROBERT S. HELLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 50-year-old male underwent extensive left frontal lobe resection for a Grade II astrocytoma. Resection margins were free of tumor, and the patient suffered no significant postoperative neurologic deficits. One month later the patient was referred to radiation therapy for further evaluation and possible treatment. Unenhanced and enhanced transmission computed tomograms (CT) were interpreted as suspicious for recurrent tumor. However, using CT, which is essentially an anatomic technique, may not allow one to distinguish between surgical changes and the morbid anatomic findings of recurrent tumor. Because Tc-99m DTPA will cross the blood-brain barrier at sites of active intercranial disease, brain scintigraphy frequently is of value in distinguishing between recurrent tumor with an unstable blood-brain barrier and healed surgical changes with a stabilized blood-brain barrier. Therefore, clinicians requested that a Tc-99m DTPA brain scintigram be performed so as to distinguish between active disease and healed surgical changes.
Antikeratin antibodies in serum and synovial fluid show specificity for rheumatoid arthritis in a study of connective tissue diseases.
Authors: P Youinou, P Le Goff, C B Colaco, J Thivolet, D Tater, J Viac, M Shipley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Tests for antikeratin antibodies (AKA) were performed on 2152 disease-associated and control sera by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) on rat oesophagus substrate. The incidence of AKA was significantly raised in rheumatoid arthritis (37%) in comparison with systemic sclerosis (8%), psoriasis (7%), ankylosing spondylitis (6%), systemic lupus erythematosus (3%), and normal controls (2%). AKA were detected in synovial fluid obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (48%) but not from patients with other conditions. Further experiments on AKA-positive sera showed reactivity with stratum corneum of rabbit prepuce and lips. A specific rabbit antihuman keratin antiserum was shown, by IF and inhibition studies, to have a different specificity from that of spontaneous human AKA. AKA were associated with the presence of subcutaneous nodules in RA (p = 0.05), but not with Raynaud's phenomenon, Sjögren's syndrome, or HLA-DR4 positivity. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was not associated with AKA either in RA or in RF-positive disease controls.
Reconstruction of platelet proteins into phospholipid vesicles. Functional proteoliposomes.
Authors: J J Baldassare, R A Kahn, M A Knipp, P J Newman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa were reconstituted into liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine. The reconstituted vesicles bound antiplatelet antibodies and showed specific binding to thrombin-activated platelets. Prostacyclin, a known inhibitor of thrombin-activated platelet aggregation, inhibited the binding of the proteoliposomes to thrombin-activated platelets. The reconstituted vesicles also specifically bound 125I-labeled fibrinogen. This binding was insensitive to ADP but dependent on calcium ions. These data indicate that platelet glycoproteins IIb and IIIa have been successfully reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles such that their behavior is similar to that in intact platelets.
Improved Dentition of 5-year-old London School-children
Authors: M. Mellanby, H. Coumoulos
Journal: BMJ (1944)

It is now established that certain nutritional factors play a pro- minent part in determining the structure of the dental tissues and their resistance to disease.Interest in this subject was first roused by the investigations on animals and children made by one of us (M.M.) which began in 1917 and have continued up to the present time.
Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in women exposed to livestock animals, Denmark, 1996 to 2002
Authors: S Yde Nielsen, K Mølbak, A M Nybo Andersen, T Brink Henriksen, B Kantsø, K A Krogfelt, N H Hjøllund
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Q fever is a zoonotic infection which can pose a danger to pregnant women. To our knowledge, Denmark has never experienced a clinically verified Q fever outbreak. We aimed to quantify risk of infection in pregnant women occupationally and environmentally exposed to Coxiella burnetii. The Danish National Birth Cohort collected blood samples from 100,418 pregnant women in the period 1996 to 2002. We sampled 195 women with occupational exposure to livestock (veterinarians and female farmers), 202 women with domestic exposure (dairy cattle and/or sheep) and a random sample of 459 unexposed women. Samples were screened for antibodies against C. burnetii by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive samples were confirmed by immunofluorescence (cut-off titre ≥1:128). The proportion of seropositive women was higher in the occupationally exposed (47.2% seropositive; relative risk (RR): 9.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4–15.2) and the domestically exposed population (32.2% seropositive; RR: 6.7; 95% CI: 4.3–10.6) than in unexposed women (4.8% seropositive). We found a high prevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii among pregnant women with occupational or domestic exposure to cattle and/or sheep compared with unexposed pregnant women. Our findings suggest that contact to livestock is a risk factor for C. burnetii infection in Denmark.
Common virus holds out hope for people with HIV
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

An apparently harmless and relatively common virus discovered only six years ago allows people infected with HIV to live substantially longer by slowing the progression to full blown AIDS, researchers report in two new studies.

The researchers found that infection with the virus, known as GB virus C or hepatitis G virus, improves survival in patients infected with HIV by directly influencing HIV replication (New England Journal of Medicine 2001;345:707-14 and 715-24).

In the first study Dr Daniel Diekema of the University of Iowa College of Medicine in Iowa City and colleagues followed 362 patients infected with HIV, of whom 144 …
Effects of statins in patients with chronic kidney disease: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Giovanni F M Strippoli, Sankar D Navaneethan, David W Johnson, Vlado Perkovic, Fabio Pellegrini, Antonio Nicolucci, Jonathan C Craig
Journal: BMJ (2008)

To analyse the benefits and harms of statins in patients with chronic kidney disease (pre-dialysis, dialysis, and transplant populations).
Chemistry and toxicology of quinoxaline, organotin, organofluorine, and formamidine acaricides.
Authors: C O Knowles
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Quinoxaline, organotin, organofluorine, and formamidine compounds are among the newer pesticide chemicals used for acarine control. Included in these four classes are some of the most selective synthetic organic toxicants currently in the acaricide/insecticide arsenal. Oxythioquinox, Plictran (tricyclohexylhydroxytin), Nissol [2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-(1-naphthyl)acetamide], and chlordimeform are examples of quinoxaline, organotin, organofluorine, and formamidine acaricides, respectively. The chemistry and toxicology of these and related compounds are discussed.
Jejunal bypass of the cardia for benign stricture: report of six cases
Authors: J. Borrie, R. W Bunton
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Jejunal bypass has restored normal swallowing in six patients with benign intractable lower oesophageal stricutre resulting from (1) full-thickness reflux oesophagitis and hiatal hernia, (2) reflux associated with columnar-cell-lined oesophagus, (3) ingestion of lye, and (4) achalasia with retort-shaped oesophagus. In this technique a segment of jejunum is joined to oesophagus and stomach without resection of the stricture. The procedure is of greatest value in elderly patients with persistent dysphagia and poor respiratory reserve and when previous surgical procedures have failed to relieve the obstruction caused by a benign stricture. Though the number of such patients is small their needs are great and this procedure has provided excellent relief of symptoms during a follow-up period ranging from three to nine years.
Reorganisation may have led to failings being missed at Stafford Hospital, inquiry hears
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Unnecessary deaths in hospital are an “uncomfortable truth,” the head of the NHS watchdog the Care Quality Commission has told the public inquiry into failures of care at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust.

Cynthia Bower, now chief executive of the CQC, the body tasked with ensuring patient safety and standards in the NHS, told the inquiry into serious failings at Stafford Hospital that mistakes happen in hospitals.

She was giving evidence about her role between 2006 and 2008 as chief executive of NHS West Midlands, the strategic health authority that missed crucial chances to spot that things were …