tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VEIN-TO-VEIN TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD
Authors: GEORGE MORRIS DORRANCE
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In a previous paper, dealing with the transfusion of blood in the human species, we presented a summary of the literature on this subject and a description of both the old and modern methods of performing transfusion. At the present time, the method in vogue in the performance of this operation is the direct junction of the vessels either by suture or some mechanical appliance. We intend to discuss only certain features pertaining to the operation and we offer this preliminary report, which is based on the development of a new technic, under three heads: (1) the advantages of the vein-to-vein method of performing transfusion over the arteriovenous method; (2) the indications for employing transfusion; (3) the contraindications to transfusion. <h3>I. ADVANTAGES</h3> The artery-to-vein method has been advocated in the last few years by investigators of the subject, notably by Crile. Anastomosis of the vessels is established either by means
Racial differences in sleep-disordered breathing in African-Americans and Caucasians.
Authors: S Redline, P V Tishler, M G Hans, T D Tosteson, K P Strohl, K Spry
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

In this case-control family study of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), we describe the distributions of SDB and SDB risk factors in African-Americans and Caucasians. A total of 225 African-Americans and 622 Caucasians, ages 2 to 86 yr, recruited as members of families with an individual with known sleep apnea (85 index families) or as members of neighborhood control families (63 families) were studied with an overnight home sleep-study, questionnaires, and physical measurements. A subsample underwent cephalometry. Outcome measures were the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and a binary variable indicating the presence of increased apneic activity (IAA). In both races, a strong relationship was demonstrated between the (log transformed) RDI and age and age2. African-Americans with SDB were younger than Caucasians with SDB (37.2 +/- 19.5 versus 45.6 +/- 18.7 yr, p < 0.01). In subjects < or = 25 yr, RDI level and IAA prevalence were higher in African-Americans (odds ratio, adjusted for obesity, sex, proband sampling, and familial clustering, 1.88, 1.03 to 3.52, 95% CI). In this age group, racial differences also were observed in the relationship between RDI and age (p < 0.001 for the RDI-age interaction). This suggests that young African-Americans may be at increased risk for sleep apnea.
THE TREATMENT OF PELVIC INFLAMMATION
Authors: LUCIUS E. BURCH
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Local symptoms of gonorrhea in the female are often so mild that the patient is unaware of her condition. When the inflammation attacks the tubes, she knows that something is wrong and presents herself for treatment. After acute symptoms subside, she considers herself well and pays no further attention to the mild local symptoms of the disease. This attitude on the part of the patient is no doubt responsible for the view that if the tubes are removed the patient will be well. This is true to some extent, but what a price to pay for a symptomatic cure. I have seen some of these patients return years after salpingo-oophorectomy and even hysterectomy, and on examination I find that the cervical smear is still positive. The end-results of conservative surgery on the tubes and ovaries have
Abstract LB-53: Paclitaxel inhibits microtubule detachment from centrosomes
Authors: Anutosh Ganguly, Hailing Yang, Fernando Cabral
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Paclitaxel has been reported to inhibit cell division by suppressing microtubule dynamics at low concentrations that do not alter microtubule polymer levels. Although our studies confirm that paclitaxel suppresses microtubule dynamics at low concentrations, we show that suppression of dynamics is insufficient to inhibit cell proliferation. Wild-type CHO cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in microtubule dynamicity that reached a minimum at concentrations that had no observable effect on the ability of the cells to divide. Moreover, paclitaxel-dependent mutant cells that assemble reduced amounts of microtubule polymer and require paclitaxel for proliferation, exhibited a similar dose response for suppression of dynamics but much higher drug concentrations were needed to restore cell division. Thus, maximal suppression of microtubule dynamics neither inhibited the proliferation of wild-type cells, nor rescued cell division in paclitaxel-dependent cells. Instead, the higher concentrations of drug needed to restore mutant cell division caused the disappearance of microtubule fragments commonly seen in these cell lines. Using live cell imaging, we found that microtubule fragments are generated by detachment from microtubule organizing centers, and that paclitaxel acts to prevent this detachment, thereby raising microtubule polymer levels. We conclude that low paclitaxel concentrations act at microtubule plus ends to inhibit dynamics, but that higher concentrations are needed to inhibit cell division and prevent microtubule detachment from organizing centers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-53.
Digitoxin-Quinidine Interaction: Pharmacokinetic Evaluation
Authors: Paul E. Fenster, J. Robert Powell, Penelope E. Graves, Kenneth A. Conrad, W. David Hager, Steven Goldman, Frank I. Marcus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The effect of quinidine on digitoxin single-dose pharmacokinetics was evaluated in five healthy adults. Blood was collected for 3 weeks, and a complete urine collection was obtained for 4 days, after a single intravenous dose of digitoxin. The protocol was conducted once while each subject was taking oral quinidine, for 3 weeks, and then repeated 10 days after discontinuing quinidine treatment. Quinidine induced the following changes in digitoxin pharmacokinetics: Elimination half-life was prolonged from 174 ± 25 to 261 ± 58 hours (p < 0.02); total body clearance decreased from 1.54 ± 0.40 to 1.09 ± 0.31 mL/h · kg (p < 0.05); renal clearance decreased from 0.65 ± 0.07 to 0.46 ± 0.17 mL/h kg (p < 0.05). Digitoxin volume of distribution and protein binding were unaltered by quinidine. Quinidine caused a rise in serum digitoxin levels. Digitoxin total body clearance was decreased by quinidine to an extent comparable to that reported for digoxin; however, the mechanism of the interaction with the two digitalis glycosides may, in part, be different.
Effect of a coronary vasodilator drug (carbochromen) on blood flow and oxygen extraction in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: J. R. PARRATT, I. MCA. LEDINGHAM, C. S. MCARDLE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Blood flow was measured in acute myocardial infarcts in dogs using a 133Xenon clearance technique. Simultaneous sampling of blood from a vein draining the infarct enabled assessments to be made of oxygen extraction and consumption. Flow and consumption were also measured in normal areas of myocardium. Carbochromen, though increasing flow in normal areas of myocardium, failed to increase flow in the infarct but oxygen extraction and consumption were reduced.
Combination of Potassium Iodide and Propranolol in Preparation of Patients with Graves' Disease for Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Colin M. Feek, J. Stewart A. Sawers, W. James Irvine, Geoffrey J. Beckett, Wendy A. Ratcliffe, Anthony D. Toft
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We assessed the efficacy of the combination of propranolol and potassium iodide in the preparation of patients with Graves' disease for thyroid surgery. Potassium iodide was given orally in a dose of 60 mg three times a day for 10 days before operation in 10 patients who were already receiving propranolol. In contrast to previous experience with either drug used singly, the combined regimen caused a significant fall in mean serum total thyroxine and triiodothyronine to levels in the euthyroid range before operation (P less than 0.001). There was also a significant fall (P less than 0.05) before operation and transient rise after operation in serum reverse triiodothyronine. These preliminary results suggest that the combination of potassium iodide and propranolol may prove to be the optimum preoperative preparation for patients with Graves' disease.
Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo response to inhaled DNase in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: F. RATJEN, B. TUMMLER
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Recombinant human DNase has been shown to reduce sputum viscosity and improve pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis.1 The individual response is, however, highly variable with between one third and two thirds of patients showing an improvement in their forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of more than 10%.1 In view of the high cost of this treatment and the lack of long term studies confirming its safety, prediction of the response of individual patients is an important issue. In a larger series of patients both baseline pulmonary function and the clinical …
INFECTION OF HAEMOTHORAX BY ANAEROBIC GAS-PRODUCING BACILLI
Authors: T. R. Elliott, H. Henry
Journal: BMJ (1917)

WHEN a mai lhas been wou-Lnded in the chest, tlle two clhief questions wlicll arise in the minds of those who lhave the care of hiis case are wlhether his life will be endangered by furtlher leakage of blood alnd air into the pleural cavity, or by the developnment of an infectioni.Sucih figures as lhave been collected up to the present slhow tlha' about olne-fourtlh of all cases of haemothorax
Patenting gene sequences
Authors: A. L Caplan, J. Merz
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The American biotechnology industry was shocked when social activist Jeremy Rifkin organised a petition drive last year to stir religious opposition to any patents on “the rich genetic resources of the Earth's biological commons,” including most especially human genes.1 By September he had secured the signatures of 186 Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Buddhist, Hindu, and Muslim American religious leaders on a petition calling for a ban on biological patents. The industry responded with a strongly worded white paper on the importance of allowing patents for human genes, which is now being circulated widely among American religious scholars.

But despite the religious battleground, America's discussion of patents, outside theological circles, is notably secular. It is conducted primarily in terms of prior legal precedents and the importance of patent protection to further private sector funding and research. This is reflected in the fight that has erupted between two behemoths in the pharmaceutical community.

SmithKline Beecham has formed a consortium with an American company, Human Genome Sciences, to map, …
Witness to War: An American Doctor in El Salvador
Authors: Joseph P. Frolkis
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It is unusual for a physician— merely by discharging his daily duties—to be able to practice his morality as well as his medicine, to<i>live</i>the ancient injunction to "first, do no harm." Most of us, despite our protestations of humane intent early in the process of medical education, gradually succumb to more tangible rewards. For physicians with more than a superficial commitment to concepts like altruism, compassion, social justice, and equality, this disengagement from important personal beliefs—at least on a daily basis—is an acutely painful process. The system of medical status and success makes it easy to justify inactivity on issues of broader social or moral concern, since medicine usurps—if permitted—ever increasing amounts of time, energy, and effort. As students, we can attempt to placate a guilty conscience by insisting that the time spent in study may make us more able to help others in the future. As practicing
Long term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis with and without dietary gluten withdrawal
Authors: LIONEL FRY, J.N. LEONARD, FRANCES SWAIN, W.F.G. TUCKER, G. HAFFENDEN, NICOLA RING, R.M.H. McMINN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Long term follow‐up of dermatitis herpetiformis with and without dietary gluten withdrawal Get access LIONEL FRY, LIONEL FRY Dermatology Department, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.N. LEONARD, J.N. LEONARD Dermatology Department, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar FRANCES SWAIN, FRANCES SWAIN Dermatology Department, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.F.G. TUCKER, W.F.G. TUCKER Dermatology Department, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. HAFFENDEN, G. HAFFENDEN Histopathology Department, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar NICOLA RING, NICOLA RING Histopathology Department, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M.H. McMINN R.M.H. McMINN Anatomy Department, Royal College of Surgeons, London WC2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 6, 1 December 1982, Pages 631–640, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00520.x Published: 01 December 1982 Article history Accepted: 18 March 1982 Published: 01 December 1982
Resting and Postexercise Phonocardiogram and Electrocardiogram in Patients with Angina Pectoris and in Normal Subjects
Authors: WILBERT S. ARONOW, RONALD R. UYEYAMA, JOHN CASSIDY, JOSEPH NEBOLON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

One hundred patients with angina and 100 normal subjects, mean age 51 years, had simultaneous phonocardiograms and electrocardiograms at rest and after a double Master's test. A fourth heart sound was present at rest in 43% of the patients and 14% of the normal subjects, and after exercise in 94% of the patients and 29% of the normal subjects. All patients and the normal subject who had a third heart sound at rest had a fourth heart sound at rest, and all who had a third heart sound after exercise had a fourth heart sound after exercise. Fifty-nine per cent of the patients and 4% of the normal subjects had an ST-segment shift ≥1.0 mm, and 67% of the patients and 6% of the normal subjects had an ST-segment shift ≥0.5 mm. After exercise, 97% of the patients and 30% of the normal subjects had a fourth heart sound or an ST-segment shift ≥0.5 mm.
The Regulation of Potassium Balance
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Are you thinking of taking rounds at the university next month, dear clinical professor? Assuming that you have inside information about the availability of parking, you may also want to buy Seldin and Giebisch's book on potassium. You will impress your resident immensely, instead of having him shift listlessly while you examine the heart or give your little lecture on the causes of an enlarged spleen. You will be able to talk learnedly about transmembrane potentials, and he in return will send a wonderful end-of-term evaluation to the dean. But please, do not try to read the book in one sitting. Take it to a nice beach, perhaps to an island with palm trees, and read a little at a time. Once you get the hang of it you will find it quite readable. Try not to get too worked up when you find that some of the chapters overlap—it
Effects of gold salts and prednisolone on inflammatory cells. II. Suppression of inflammation and phagocytosis in the rat.
Authors: B Vernon-Roberts, J D Jessop, J Dore
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

In the preceding paper (Jessop, Vernon-Roberts, and Harris, 1973) we reported our findings in a study of carbon uptake by inflammatory cells in 'skin-window' exudates in rheumatoid patients receiving gold and prednisolone therapy.The findings suggested that both these anti-inflammatory agents suppressed the elevated phagocytic activity observed in rheumatoid patients not receiving gold or prednisolone.Unlike prednisolone, gold appeared to have a progressive and prolonged inhibitory effect on phagocytosis and on rheumatoid disease activity.In this paper we present our findings obtained in rat experiments designed to assist the interpretation of our clinical studies of inflammatory cell activity in rheumatoid patients and to investigate the apparent differences in the mechanisms whereby gold salts and corticosteroids suppress FIG-1 Two carbon-coated glass coverslips applied inflammation.abraded skin in the anaesthetized rat Material and methodsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used throughout these experiments.They were bred in the animal house of The London Hospital and weighed between 350 and 400 g. when first injected. ASSESSMENT OF PHAGOCYTOSISThis was determined using a modification of the 'skin- window' coverslip technique introduced by Rebuck and Crowley (1955).Hair was removed from an area on each side of the dorsal thorax using electric clippers and the skin was shaved and cleaned.The surface of each shaved area was then abraded with a scalpel blade over an area 1 cm. in diameter until tiny bleeding points appeared.Circular glass coverslips, 8 mm. in diameter, previously coated with a dried layer of colloidal carbon (Gunther Wagner Cll/1431a) were then applied to the abraded areas (Fig. 1), covered with a gauze dressing, and held in place with a plaster-of-Paris cast completely encircling the thoracic region of the animal (Fig. 2).The coverslips were removed 24 hrs after application, and the adherent inflammatory Accepted for publication December 21, 1972 FIG. 2 Plaster-of-Paris cast holding coverslips in place cells were air-dried, fixed in absolute methyl alcohol, stained with Giemsa, and mounted with the cell-free sur- face uppermost.The percentage of macrophages and neutrophil polymorphs containing visible endocytosed carbon was assessed by randomly selecting and examining a minimum of 300 cells of each type on each coverslip using an oil-immersion objective (total magnification 1,OOOx).
THE CONGENITALLY SHORT ESOPHAGUS
Authors: LOUIS H. CLERF
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Atresia of the esophagus with an esophagotracheal fistula has long been considered the most common congenital anomaly of this structure. The fatal termination of all these cases and the opportunities afforded for the study of the malformations at autopsy has resulted in a more general knowledge and comprehensive literature of atresia than is available on congenital stenosis. Being compatible with life, congenital stenosis may not produce symptoms until solid food is eaten; in some cases, symptoms of obstruction may not occur until adult life has been reached. Esophagoscopists are generally agreed that congenital stenosis is more common than their personal records or the reports in the literature would indicate. It is probable that a number of these are not differentiated from acquired stenosis, that others are treated by bouginage without a preliminary diagnostic esophagoscopy, and that an equally large number go through life with the knowledge that they cannot swallow
404 HEPATIC NODULE HEMODYNAMICS USING CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY (CEUS): A COMPARISON OF SONAZOID AND LEVOVIST
Authors: A. Saito, M. Chiba, Y. Yoneda, T. Komiya, S. Patel, K. Shiratori, S. Katagiri, M. Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
What Guidelines? Never Saw Them!
Authors: A. D Gowdy
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Because of the nature of the analysis used in this study [1], no conclusion is possible.There are plenty of examples in the literature demonstrating the "ecological fallacy".Studies such as this have very little utility other than to generate hypotheses.I tend to think that this association is a marker for greater recognition and treatment for depression.However, it's a brave epidemiologist who would draw any conclusions at all from an ecological association such as this where the outcome is relatively rare.
Medical Illustration: A Guide for the Doctor-Author and Exhibitor
Authors: Arthur H. Bulbulian
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT The professional medical illustrator in recent years has had  extend his activities beyond medical drawing,  include other related functions such as designing exhibits, making three-dimensional presentations, and preparing special drawings and diagrams for television, motion pictures, and other visual aids. Mr. Loechel deals with these ramifications of the medical illustrator's task as well as medical illustration per se. To cover all these functions adequately and in depth would not have been possible within the size of this text nor perhaps by one author. Therefore, it is not intended  be an explicit guide for those who hope  become a Max Brodel or a Tom Jones.Doctors who do not have available a trained medical illustrator, or who wish  appreciate the multiplicity of technical problems that face the medical illustrator, should find this book very helpful. The book aims to remove the many mysteries attached to... the
Quantification of recirculation as an adjuvant to transthoracic echocardiography for optimization of dual-lumen extracorporeal life support
Authors: Erik P. J. Körver, Yuri M. Ganushchak, Antoine P. Simons, Dirk W. Donker, Jos G. Maessen, Patrick W. Weerwind
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)

Proper cannula positioning in single site veno-venous extracorporeal life support (vv-ELS) is cumbersome and necessitates image guidance to obtain a safe and stable position within the heart and the caval veins. Importantly, image-guided cannula positioning alone is not sufficient, as possible recirculation cannot be quantified.We present an ultrasound dilution technique allowing quantification of recirculation for optimizing vv-ELS.We suggest quantification of recirculation in addition to image guidance to provide optimal vv-ELS.
Abstract LB-228: The identification of recurrent non-coding mutations in melanoma.
Authors: Franklin W. Huang, Eran Hodis, Mary Jue Xu, Gregory Kryukov, Lynda Chin, Levi A. Garraway
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer genome sequencing efforts have identified many recurrent coding mutations in human cancer genes. To date, non-coding “driver” mutations within regulatory regions have rarely been observed. Here we describe the identification of two somatic mutations within the TERT core promoter that were observed in 71% of melanomas. Each mutation generated a de novo consensus ETS binding motif. Reporter assays showed that these mutations could increase transcriptional activity from the TERT promoter. We observed the same mutations in cancer cell lines from diverse tumor types with preliminary evidence of elevated frequency in bladder and hepatocellular cancer cells. Our findings suggest that somatic mutations in non-coding regulatory regions of the genome may represent important events in carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Franklin W. Huang, Eran Hodis, Mary Jue Xu, Gregory Kryukov, Lynda Chin, Levi A. Garraway. The identification of recurrent non-coding mutations in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-228
A CASE OF SEPTIC PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY A HATPIN
Authors: L. C. V. Hardwicke
Journal: BMJ (1911)

Deadl 42 Dead 40 Den*d 6: Z32-4 3? Dead..! Deadl Dead 1,020 +83 1,070 4801S'rvivors increased 8 per cent. in six weeks; 8 deaths, Sturvivors increased 45 per cent. in seven weeks; 1 death.r.ats lhave (lone well wllile the mothers (givingc, milk) were fed on Hovis flouir and water, andl have grownl up strong