tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Familial hereditary thrombocytopenia and HLA
Authors: Yaakov Naparstek, Ayala Abrahamov, Tirza Cohen, Chaim Brautbar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Three generations of a Jewish family with hereditary thrombocytopenia (HT) are described. The disease was manifested clinically by mild bleeding tendency since infancy. Circumcision, however, did not result in excessive bleeding. HLA study in this family indicated that the HT locus is not linked to HLA.
Antithrombin III Assays
Authors: Harry L. Messmore
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent letter to the editor, Rodger L. Bick, MD, commented on methods of assay of antithrombin III (239:296, 1978), pointing out several drawbacks to the use of synthetic chromogenic substrates in such assays. His comments were prompted by an article in MEDICAL NEWS (238:1005, 1977) in which we reported that these peptides were useful in the assay of antithrombin III, emphasizing, however, that they were as yet experimental. Since we believe that these methods are useful in the assay of antithrombin III, we have looked at the studies to which Dr Bick referred and find problems that have been successfully circumvented in these assays. The study by Gaffney and his associates<sup>1</sup>showing deterioration of stored frozen thrombin is not strictly pertinent to antithrombin III assays by these methods since thrombin was shown to lose its clotting activity but not its amidolytic activity. Autolytic forms
A prospective study of 200 women with dermatoses of pregnancy correlating clinical findings with hormonal and immunopathological profiles
Authors: None Vaughan Jones, None Hern, None Nelson-Piercy, None Seed, None Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

In 1994 we set up a specialist clinic for pregnancy dermatoses, both to improve the management of pregnant women with skin problems and to enhance our general understanding of the pregnancy dermatoses. This clinic has provided a large database of 200 women which has formed the basis for a prospective study over a 2‐year period. In each case the dermatological diagnosis was clearly defined on clinical criteria, with additional help from histopathology and direct immunofluorescence of the skin where appropriate. We have included a number of patients who presented with relatively trivial diagnoses, as this reflects the referral patterns of our midwives, general practitioners and obstetricians within our hospital and local population. Our results show that all patients with specific dermatoses of pregnancy conformed well to the classification established by Holmes and Black in 1983. The role of the sex hormones [oestradiol, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and cortisol] in polymorphic eruption (PEP) and prurigo of pregnancy was studied in 125 cases and compared with 138 normal healthy pregnant controls. For pruritic folliculitis (PF), serum androgens were measured to establish if these were elevated. Nearly all patients were followed up postpartum, with respect to both maternal and fetal prognosis (some were unfortunately lost to follow‐up). Many patients were primiparous (47%) and presented in their third trimester (49%). This study shows a surprisingly high prevalence of eczema during pregnancy. It is possible that earlier cases in the literature termed prurigo of pregnancy may in fact have been eczema, thus explaining the low incidence of prurigo in this study. Hormonal analysis showed a significant reduction in serum cortisol levels in patients with PEP compared with normal pregnant controls (P= 0.03), although hCG and oestradiol showed no differences. Serum androgens were not significantly elevated in patients with PF compared with controls. Birthweight (analysed by the individualized birthweight ratio) was significantly reduced in both the PF and pemphigoid gestationis groups. In the PEP and PF groups there was a male/female infant ratio of 2 : 1, not noted in previous studies. In all cases studied there were no adverse effects either on maternal or fetal outcome as a result of the pregnancy dermatosis. This study indicates that all patients fulfilled the criteria of the previous classification of the specific dermatoses of pregnancy, although we also now highlight the frequency of eczema in pregnancy and speculate as to possible causes. There were no cases of papular dermatitis of pregnancy. We feel that the specialist clinic is an important service which has improved the management of these women and identified areas for further research.
PRELIMINARY NOTE ON AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH INTO THE MEANS OF CONTROLLING THE BLOOD PRESSURE.
Authors: GEORGE W. CRILE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

When the vasomotor center is exhausted stimulants such as strychnin are either valueless or harmful, because if the center is wholly exhausted it can have no effect, and if partially exhausted the stimulation will be followed by a deeper depression. Shock may be as readily induced by vasomotor stimulants as by injuries or operations; the former belong to the class of internal stimulants, the latter to that of external stimulants. Neither can be employed with advantage in the treatment of a shock produced by the other. Alcohol should be classed as a depressant. Nitroglycerin is of advantage only in certain diseases of the arteries. In digitalis the vasomotor factor in its effect is objectionable on the same grounds as that of strychnin. As to the cardiac factor in the action of digitalis, an increase in the heart's action, per se, has but a limited effect on the
Diabetologists’ Assessments of Their Outpatients’ Emotional State and Health Beliefs: Accuracy and Possible Sources of Bias
Authors: Richard Petty, Tom Sensky, Robert Mahler
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

The accuracy of physicians' perceptions of their patients' emotional state and health attitudes was examined in a diabetes outpatient clinic by comparing patients' ratings of anxiety, depression and health locus of control with physicians' ratings. In 234 patients, doctors' and patients' ratings correlated significantly for depression and anxiety. The physicians rated patients with a strong belief in control of health by others as most dependent on doctors. Men but not women with external locus of control were also rated as very dependent on doctors. Anxious or depressed patients were rated by their doctors as less able to cope with diabetes. The results indicate that non-psychiatric physicians are able to assess their patients' emotions and health attitudes with greater accuracy than is usually assumed.
A prospective study of risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer. The Seattle Diabetic Foot Study.
Authors: E J Boyko, J H Ahroni, V Stensel, R C Forsberg, D R Davignon, D G Smith
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Little prospective research exists on risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer that considers the independent effects of multiple potential etiologic agents. We prospectively studied the effects of diabetes characteristics, foot deformity, behavioral factors, and neurovascular function on foot ulcer risk among 749 diabetic veterans with 1,483 lower limbs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eligible subjects included all diabetic enrollees of a general internal medicine clinic without foot ulcer, of whom 83% agreed to participate. Baseline assessment included history and lower-limb physical examination, tests for sensory and autonomic neuropathy, and measurements of macro- and microvascular perfusion in the foot. Subjects were followed for the occurrence of a full thickness skin defect on the foot that took &amp;gt; 14 days to heal, with a mean follow-up of 3.7 years. RESULTS: Using stepwise Cox regression analysis, the following factors were independently related to foot ulcer risk: foot insensitivity to the 5.07 monofilament (relative risk [95% CI]) 2.2 (1.5-3.1), past history of amputation 2.8 (1.8-4.3) or foot ulcer 1.6 (1.2-2.3), insulin use 1.6 (1.1-2.2), Charcot deformity 3.5 (1.2-9.9), 15 mmHg higher dorsal foot transcutaneous PO2 0.8 (0.7-0.9), 20 kg higher body weight 1.2 (1.1-1.4), 0.3 higher ankle-arm index 0.8 (0.7-1.0), poor vision 1.9 (1.4-2.6), and 13 mmHg orthostatic blood pressure fall 1.2 (1.1-1.5). Higher ulcer risk was associated with hammer/claw toe deformity and history of laser photocoagulation in certain subgroups. Unrelated to foot ulcer risk in multivariate models were diabetes duration and type, race, smoking status, diabetes education, joint mobility, hallux blood pressure, and other foot deformities. CONCLUSIONS: Certain foot deformities, reduced skin oxygenation and foot perfusion, poor vision, greater body mass, and both sensory and autonomic neuropathy independently influence foot ulcer risk, thereby providing support for a multifactorial etiology for diabetic foot ulceration.
Contributions of pharmacogenetics and transcriptomics to the understanding of the hypersensitivity drug reactions
Authors: T. D. Fernandez, C. Mayorga, J. L. Guéant, M. Blanca, J. A. Cornejo-García
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDRs) represent a large and important health problem, affecting many patients and leading to a variety of clinical entities, some of which can be life-threatening. The culprit drugs include commonly used medications including antibiotics and NSAIDs. Nontherapeutical agents, such as contrast media, are also involved. Because the pathophysiological mechanisms are not well known and the current diagnostic procedures are somewhat insufficient, new approaches are needed for understanding the complexity of HDRs. Histochemical and molecular biology studies have enabled us to classify these reactions more precisely. Pharmacogenetics has led to the identification of several genes, involved mainly in T-cell-dependent responses, with a number of markers being replicated in different studies. These markers are now being considered as potential targets for reducing the number of HDRs. Transcriptomic approaches have also been used to investigate HDRs by identifying genes that show different patterns of expression in a number of clinical entities. This information can be of value for further elucidation of the mechanisms involved. Although first studies were performed using RT-PCR analysis to monitor the acute phase of the reaction, nowadays high-density expression platforms represent a more integrative way for providing a complete view of gene expression. By combining a detailed and precise clinical description with information obtained by these approaches, we will obtain a better understanding and management of patients with HDRs.
LIVER BIOPSY IN PSORIASIS
Authors: G. BERGE, A. LUNDQUIST, H. RORSMAN, M. AKERMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article LIVER BIOPSY IN PSORIASIS Get access G. BERGE, G. BERGE Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. LUNDQUIST, A. LUNDQUIST Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. RORSMAN, H. RORSMAN Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. ÅKERMAN M. ÅKERMAN Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 3, 1 March 1970, Pages 250–253, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb12432.x Published: 01 March 1970 Article history Accepted: 20 August 1969 Published: 01 March 1970
Immunohistochemical localization of metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR2 and mGluR3, in rat cerebellar cortex
Authors: Hitoshi Ohishi, Reiko Ogawa-Meguro, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Takeshi Kaneko, Shigetada Nakanishi, Noboru Mizuno
Journal: Neuron (1994)
Good surveys guide.
Authors: S J Evans
Journal: BMJ (1991)

heart failure.26Although the central haemodynamics re- mained unchanged, the training improved exercise performance, systemic arteriovenous oxygen difference, and leg blood flow on exercise, and resulted in reduced arterial and femoral venous lactate concentrations.Thus exercise training may delay the onset of anaerobic metabolism and facilitate more efficient peripheral oxygen extraction.Nevertheless, the only longer term solution for most patients with cardiac cachexia remains transplantation, after which the tissue wasting and abnormal protein turnover can be reversed.2Reversal occurs through correcting peripheral oxygenation as a result of correcting systemic hypoxaemia, increased activity and exercise, and improved substrate availability with an improved diet and assimilation of nutrients.The results of further research, however, into the mechanisms of cardiac cachexia and their reversal with treatment are awaited.
Autosurgery in Women
Authors: Christos Papaloucas
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

In a paper that attracted wide publicity last year Molina-Sosa et al.1 reported the case of a Mexican woman who had performed a caesarean section on herself. An internet search had yielded no similar cases; however, I have found two instances of female autosurgery from earlier times.

The first case, reported in the Thessalonica newspaper Hermes in 1879,2 was a woman from Radovo who, after being in labour for 48 hours with unbearable pains, took her husband's razor, opened her abdomen and uterus and removed the baby alive. Then, holding with her hands the edges of the incision, she asked her neighbour to stitch and close them, providing her with a needle and a silk thread. Mother and baby survived in excellent health. The other case was not of a caesarean section but of vaginal hysterectomy. Reported by Percival Willoughby in his Observations in Midwifery (1670)3 it concerned a woman who, when lifting a bucket of coal, had experienced a sudden prolapse of the uterus. Many times she put the 'mass' back in place, only for it to return. One evening, abandoning all hope, she went into the garden with a kitchen knife and cut it away, along with 'some of the fleshy part of the bladder', subsequently fainting from blood loss. Though she lived for several years thereafter, she was incontinent, 'her water always coming night and day insensibly dribbling from her'.3
PANCREATIC LYMPHANGITIS AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Authors: JOHN B. DEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The most important subject which is occupying the attention of abdominal surgeons to-day has to do with the elucidation of the pathogenesis, the recognition of the symptoms and the discovery of adequate means of treatment of the diseases of the pancreas. It is but a short time since the pancreas was but little considered by the clinician or by the pathologist. Tumors, chiefly carcinoma, by their size or effect, occasionally thrust themselves into notice, and a few cases of marked pancreatitis, if acute, were recognized clinically and, if chronic, were noted in the archives of the pathologist. The majority of alterations in the pancreas were missed even by the pathologist, either because of lack of interest and care, or by reason of the rapid digestive process which takes place in the organ immediately after death, obscuring cellular and the less-marked architectural changes of pathologic origin. In the midst of the general apathy
Evidence of Harm. Mercury in Vaccines and the Autism Epidemic: Medical Controversy
Authors: Michael Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2005)

W hen Andrew Wakefield, the former Royal Free Hospital researcher who launched the scare about a link between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism in Britain, claimed that he had learnt everything he knew about autism from parents, this sounded merely disingenuous. In David Kirby's case, unfortunately, it appears to be true: he seems to take at face value every claim made by campaigning parents in the United States who believe that vaccines containing the mercury based preservative thiomersal caused their children to become autistic. David Kirby St Martin's Press, $26.95/$C38.95, pp 480 ISBN 0 312 32644 0 www.stmartins.com/ Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> But parents may not be reliable guides. Kirby faithfully records one mother's account of how she brought her son from the United States to see Dr Wakefield at the Royal Free Hospital, which she described as an “old stone building, soot-coloured and depressing,” located “on Grays Inn Road in central London,” a site abandoned by the Royal Free some 30 years ago for a modernist tower block in Hampstead. Further descriptions of “halls filled with the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
The plasma kallikrein-kinin system counterbalances the renin-angiotensin system
Authors: Alvin H. Schmaier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The plasma kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), first recognized over 40 years ago, was originally believed to contribute to physiologic hemostasis. At the time, factor XII (Hageman factor, FXII) and the related proteins prekallikrein (PK) and high molecular–weight kininogen (HK) were known to be essential for efficient surface-activated blood coagulation, as measured in the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test. Indeed, in this test, autoactivation of FXII in glass tubes promotes thrombin formation.

According to the then-current “contact activation” hypothesis, FXII activation on a negatively charged surface was thought to initiate hemostasis in a similar manner by a cascade of proteolytic reactions that culminate in thrombin formation. This model was undermined by the failure to identify such a physiologically relevant surface, coupled with evidence that individuals deficient in FXII, PK, or HK are free of bleeding disorders. In addition, the recognition that factor XI, whose deficiency is associated with bleeding, can be activated by thrombin provided a bypass mechanism that obviated a need for FXII to activate factor XI.

Only over the last 6 years have alternative explanations for the physiologic role of the KKS and its assembly and activation begun to emerge. Rather than assembling on a negatively charged surface such as that used in the APTT test, the proteins of the plasma KKS are now known to bind a multiprotein receptor complex in the intravascular compartment. As shown in Figure ​Figure1,1, HK, the critical regulator of plasma KKS assembly and activation, binds an endothelial cell surface receptor complex containing cytokeratin 1 (CK1), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and gC1qR (1–6). Recent studies with cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells indicate that FXII can also bind to this receptor (7), but that this interaction is highly regulated. Plasma concentrations of HK completely block FXII binding to the multiprotein receptor complex. Further, FXII binding requires a 30-fold higher free Zn2+ concentration than does HK, which can only be achieved in a milieu of activating platelets or other cells (7). Thus, under physiologic conditions, HK binds to this endothelial cell complex but FXII is prevented from doing so.



Figure 1

Assembly and activation of the plasma KKS on endothelial cells. Plasma PK circulates in complex with HK. The HK•PK complex binds to a multiprotein receptor complex that consists of cytokeratin 1 (CK1), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ...
A new class of highly potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies isolated from viremic patients infected with dengue virus
Authors: Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Wiyada Wongwiwat, Sunpetchuda Supasa, Xiaokang Zhang, Xinghong Dai, Alexander Rouvinski, Amonrat Jumnainsong, Carolyn Edwards, Nguyen Than Ha Quyen, Thaneeya Duangchinda, Jonathan M Grimes, Wen-Yang Tsai, Chih-Yun Lai, Wei-Kung Wang, Prida Malasit, Jeremy Farrar, Cameron P Simmons, Z Hong Zhou, Felix A Rey, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Gavin R Screaton
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
The genomic landscape of hepatoblastoma and their progenies with HCC-like features
Authors: Melanie Eichenmüller, Franziska Trippel, Michaela Kreuder, Alexander Beck, Thomas Schwarzmayr, Beate Häberle, Stefano Cairo, Ivo Leuschner, Dietrich von Schweinitz, Tim M. Strom, Roland Kappler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE HUMERUS
Authors: DONALD GORDON
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The treatment and ultimate function of any fracture near the shoulder is dependent as much on the integrity of the soft parts as of the bone. These must not be damaged in treating the bone, and if this should occur, every effort must be made to aid in their restoration.  The initial step in preventing injury to the soft parts is to put the shoulder at rest by immobilizing the limb when first seen. A large thick axillary pad of nonabsorbent cotton batting or its equivalent is used to fill the space between the body, arm and elbow. The forearm is flexed across the body; a sling of muslin bandage used for the purpose supports the wrist, and another lighter pad is applied to the outer surface of the arm which protects the skin and prevents pressure on the lymphatics. The pad on the outer surface of the arm prevents
Predictive and Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Interleukin-13 Blockade: Effect of Lebrikizumab on Late Phase Asthmatic Response to Allergen Challenge
Authors: H. Scheerens, J.R. Arron, Z. Su, Y. Zheng, W. Putnam, R.W. Erickson, D.F. Choy, J.H. Lee, J.M. Harris, N.N. Jarjour
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Angioplasty as a Treatment for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Donald S. Baim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

GIVEN the prevalence of coronary artery disease and its considerable cost to society, selecting the optimal approach to treatment for each patient is an important health care issue. During the 1970s, several large clinical trials compared medical therapy with coronary-artery bypass surgery; these studies demonstrated that surgery improved survival and reduced the risk of myocardial infarction only for patients with left main or severe multivessel coronary disease, particularly when accompanied by left ventricular dysfunction.1 Although bypass surgery offered patients with less extensive coronary artery disease no net improvement over their already excellent prospects for survival with medical therapy, it did . . .