tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polyglycolic acid sheets with fibrin glue can prevent esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Yoshiki Sakaguchi, Yosuke Tsuji, Satoshi Ono, Itaru Saito, Yosuke Kataoka, Yu Takahashi, Chiemi Nakayama, Satoki Shichijo, Rie Matsuda, Chihiro Minatsuki, Itsuko Asada-Hirayama, Keiko Niimi, Shinya Kodashima, Nobutake Yamamichi, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro, Kazuhiko Koike
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Suitable techniques for the prevention of stricture formation after esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are still lacking. We investigated the efficacy of polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets with fibrin glue to prevent post-ESD stricture. <b>Patients and methods:</b> We conducted a pilot study on a total of eight consecutive patients who underwent esophageal ESD that left a mucosal defect of more than three-quarters of the esophageal circumference. PGA sheets were attached to the defect with fibrin glue immediately after the completion of ESD. The primary endpoint was the incidence of post-ESD stricture. The secondary endpoints were the number of sessions of endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) required to resolve any stricture and the rate of complications. <b>Results:</b> There were no adverse events related to the use of PGA sheets and fibrin glue. Post-ESD stricture occurred in 37.5 % of the subjects and 0.8 ± 1.2 sessions of EBD were required. <b>Conclusion: </b>The use of PGA sheets and fibrin glue after esophageal ESD is a novel method that radically decreases the incidence of esophageal stricture and the number of EBD sessions subsequently required. University Hospital Medical Network Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000011058).
652 Remote ischaemic preconditioning of the hind limb improves systemic haemodynamics and reduces reperfusion injury to the liver and lungs
Authors: S KANORIA, R JALAN, A SEIFALIAN, R WILLIAMS, B DAVIDSON
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Rho GTPases are versatile regulators of cell shape that act on the actin cytoskeleton. Studies using Rho GTPase mutants have shown that, in some cells, Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, respectively at the leading edge, whereas RhoA mediates contraction at the rear of moving cells. However, recent reports have described a zone of RhoA/ROCK activation at the front of cells undergoing motility. In this study, we use a FRET-based RhoA biosensor to show that RhoA activation localizes to the leading edge of EGF-stimulated cells. Inhibition of Rho or ROCK enhanced protrusion, yet markedly inhibited cell motility; these changes correlated with a marked activation of Rac-1 at the cell edge. Surprisingly, whereas EGF-stimulated protrusion in control MTLn3 cells is Rac-independent and Cdc42-dependent, the opposite pattern is observed in MTLn3 cells after inhibition of ROCK. Thus, Rho and ROCK suppress Rac-1 activation at the leading edge, and inhibition of ROCK causes a switch between Cdc42 and Rac-1 as the dominant Rho GTPase driving protrusion in carcinoma cells. These data describe a novel role for Rho in coordinating signaling by Rac and Cdc42.
Abstract 4032: Transcriptomics analyses of normal and transformed keratinocyte lines generated novel biomarkers for prognosticating outcome in head and neck cancer.
Authors: Roland C. Grafstrom, Marina Merne, Pekka Kohonen, Fredrik Jerhammar, Matthias Nees, Karin Roberg, Rebecca Ceder
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that characterization of differentiation-related features in human cell lines might reveal prognosticating genes undetected in cancer tissue analyses. Serum-driven changes in transcripts were assessed in otherwise serum-free models of oral epithelium, including normal oral keratinocytes and the transformed keratinocyte lines SVpgC2a, SqCC/Y1 and LK0412. Bioinformatics-driven analyses implicated altered expression of many differentation-related functions, including unique sets of gene ontologies, molecular networks and key regulator genes for each line. Analysis of the complete in vitro/serum exposure-derived gene set relative an information-rich tumor data set identified 17 survival-associated genes, several of which had no previous association to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Multi-step validation of these genes relative to independent clinical microarray data sets, including the Human Gene Expression Map and Human Protein Atlas databases, confirmed novel association or predictive correlation with poor outcome in HNSCC for a subset of the genes. The results agreed with the hypothesis under testing, pointing to that cell line studies under a systems biology concept might couple new and prognosis-relevant genes to diverse cancers. Citation Format: Roland C. Grafstrom, Marina Merne, Pekka Kohonen, Fredrik Jerhammar, Matthias Nees, Karin Roberg, Rebecca Ceder. Transcriptomics analyses of normal and transformed keratinocyte lines generated novel biomarkers for prognosticating outcome in head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4032. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4032
The Risks of Moderate Drinking
Authors: Robert I. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The alcoholic beverage industry has mounted a vigorous campaign to convince the public that moderate drinking is beneficial to health. The "good news about alcohol" message has been repeated as fact by journalists and public officials (<i>The Wall Street Journal</i>, May 9, 1985, p 31;<i>USA Today</i>, March 14,1985, p D1).<sup>1</sup> The alcohol industry rarely defines moderate drinking, giving imbibers the leeway to rationalize consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol as moderate drinking. However, if moderate drinking is interpreted as one or two drinks each day, exhortations to drink in moderation, if heeded, would signal a drastic increase in alcohol consumption. Currently, 83% of all men and 95% of all women consume less than two drinks each day.<sup>2</sup> The notion that moderate drinking promotes health relies primarily on interesting, but still fragmentary, evidence concerning alcohol and heart disease. However, even if moderate drinking were shown
Left atrial booster function in valvular heart disease
Authors: Fred P. Heidenreich, James A. Shaver, Mark E. Thompson, James J. Leonard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

This study was designed to assess atrial booster pump action in valvular heart disease and to dissect booster pump from reservoir-conduit functions. In five patients with aortic stenosis and six with mitral stenosis, sequential atrioventricular (A-V) pacing was instituted during the course of diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Continuous recording of valvular gradient allowed estimation of flow for each cardiac cycle by transposition of the Gorlin formula. Left ventricular ejection time and left ventricular stroke work in aortic stenosis or left ventricular mean systolic pressure in mitral stenosis were also determined. Control observations were recorded during sequential A-V pacing with well-timed atrial systole. Cardiac cycles were then produced with no atrial contraction but undisturbed atrial reservoir function by intermittently interrupting the atrial pacing stimulus during sequential A-V pacing. This intervention significantly reduced valvular gradient, flow, left ventricular ejection time, and left ventricular mean systolic pressure or stroke work. Cardiac cycles were then produced with atrial booster action eliminated by instituting synchronous A-V pacing. The resultant simultaneous contraction of the atrium and ventricle not only eliminated effective atrial systole but also placed atrial systole during the normal period of atrial reservoir function. This also significantly reduced all the hemodynamic measurements. However, comparison of the magnitude of change from these two different pacing interventions showed no greater impairment of hemodynamic state when both booster pump action and reservoir function were impaired than when booster pump action alone was impaired. The study confirms the potential benefit of well placed atrial booster pump action in valvular heart disease in man.
209 ONLINE ANALYSIS OF BREATH BY PROTON TRANSFER REACTION TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: V. Lembo, E. Aprea, V. Fogliano, P. Vitaglione, G. Mazzone, I. Loperto, L. Cappellin, F. Gasperi, F. Biasioli, F. Morisco, N. Caporaso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
NOR-EPINEPHRINE-LIKE AND EPINEPHRINE-LIKE SUBSTANCES IN PSYCHOTIC AND PSYCHONEUROTIC PATIENTS
Authors: DANIEL H. FUNKENSTEIN, MILTON GREENBLATT, HARRY C. SOLOMON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

1. Sixty-three patients with elevated blood pressures who were routine admissions to the Boston Psychopathic Hospital were given a standardized dose of mecholyl intramuscularly. On the basis of their blood pressure reactions to the drug during a stated observation period, the patients could be divided into 2 groups: (1) Type A were those in which following the injection of the mecholyl the blood pressure remained below the preinjection level throughout the observation period. (On the basis of previous experimentation (10, 12) this was interpreted as indicating excessive secretion of an epinephrine-like substance.) (2) Group B were those in which following the injection of mecholyl the blood pressure returned to the preinjection level within the observation period. (On the basis of previous experimentation (10, 12) this was interpreted as indicating excessive secretion of a nor-epinephrine-like substance.) When these 2 groups were compared in regard to 2 other variables, the maximum fall in blood pressure after mecholyl, and the area between the mecholyl reaction and the basal blood pressure, the difference between the types was found to be significant at better than the .01 level. 2. Thirty-nine of 42 cases showing evidence interpreted as indicating excessive secretion of an epinephrine-like substance improved with electric shock therapy. In contrast to this, only 3 of 21 cases showing evidence interpreted as indicating excessive secretion of a nor-epinephrine-like substance responded to electric shock. This was significant at better than the .01 level. 3. The great majority of the cases interpreted as showing excessive secretion of an epinephrine-like substance were diagnosed as manic-depressive or involutional psychosis; whereas the majority of the cases interpreted as showing excessive secretion of a nor-epinephrine-like substance were diagnosed schizophrenia. The response to electric shock followed the autonomic type rather than diagnostic category, as the majority of the schizophrenic patients who showed evidence interpreted as indicating excessive secretion of an epinephrine-like substance responded to electric shock therapy. 4. A discussion of the contrasting physiological effects of the 2 products of the adrenal medulla was made, and the suggestion was offered that the manic-depressive and involutional psychoses represent in man the counterpart of Cannon's fight-flight reaction in cats.
Synergistic Embryotoxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists with Cytochrome P4501A Inhibitors in<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>
Authors: Deena M. Wassenberg, Richard T. Di Giulio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Widespread contamination of aquatic systems with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has led to concern about effects of PAHs on aquatic life. Some PAHs have been shown to cause deformities in early life stages of fish that resemble those elicited by planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (pHAHs) that are agonists for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Previous studies have suggested that activity of cytochrome P4501A, a member of the AHR gene battery, is important to the toxicity of pHAHs, and inhibition of CYP1A can reduce the early-life-stage toxicity of pHAHs. In light of the effects of CYP1A inhibition on pHAH-derived toxicity, we explored the impact of both model and environmentally relevant CYP1A inhibitors on PAH-derived embryotoxicity. We exposed Fundulus heteroclitus embryos to two PAH-type AHR agonists, β-naphthoflavone and benzo(a)pyrene, and one pHAH-type AHR agonist, 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), alone and in combination with several CYP1A inhibitors. In agreement with previous studies, coexposure of embryos to PCB-126 with the AHR antagonist and CYP1A inhibitor α-naphthoflavone decreased frequency and severity of deformities compared with embryos exposed to PCB-126 alone. In contrast, embryos coexposed to the PAHs with each of the CYP1A inhibitors tested were deformed with increased severity and frequency compared with embryos dosed with PAH alone. The mechanism by which inhibition of CYP1A increased embryotoxicity of the PAHs tested is not understood, but these results may be helpful in elucidating mechanisms by which PAHs are embryotoxic. Additionally, these results call into question additive models of PAH embryotoxicity for environmental PAH mixtures that contain both AHR agonists and CYP1A inhibitors.
Suppression of Subclinical Shedding of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 with Acyclovir
Authors: Anna Wald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To assess the effect of the antiviral drug acyclovir on the frequency of subclinical shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the genital tract. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Setting: A university-based virology research clinic. Patients: 34 women with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibody only and genital herpes of less than 2 years' duration. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to receive either acyclovir, 400 mg twice daily for 70 days, followed by a 14-day washout period, and then placebo for 70 days, or the study medications in the reverse order. Measurements: Women collected daily genital swabs of the vulvar, cervicovaginal, and perianal areas for HSV culture, maintained a diary of genital lesions, and were examined at the time of recurrences. Results: In an intent-to-treat analysis of the initial treatment period, 15 of the 17 women who received placebo and 3 of the 17 women who received acyclovir had at least 1 day of subclinical shedding (P < 0.001). Among the participants who received placebo, subclinical shedding occurred on 64 of 928 (6.9%) days compared with 3 of 1057 (0.3%) days among the participants who received acyclovir (P < 0.001). The relative risk for subclinical shedding was 0.09 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.35) for the women who received acyclovir compared with the women who received placebo. In a paired analysis of 26 women who completed both arms of the study, acyclovir therapy was associated with a decrease in the frequency of subclinical shedding; subclinical shedding occurred on 83 of 1439 (5.8%) days with placebo, and on 6 of 1611 (0.37%) days with acyclovir (P < 0.001)—a 94% reduction. The frequency of subclinical shedding was reduced at all anatomic sites and in all patients. Conclusions: Daily therapy with oral acyclovir suppresses subclinical shedding of HSV-2 in the genital tract, suggesting that studies to evaluate the use of acyclovir in preventing HSV-2 transmission are warranted.
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome associated with primary angiitis of the central nervous system: report of two biopsy proven cases
Authors: M Quintero
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) remains one of the most challenging forms of vasculitis. Its diagnosis requires the presence of an acquired neurological deficit, classic angiographic evidence consistent with vasculitis or histopathological demonstration of angiitis within the central nervous system (CNS), and no evidence of systemic vasculitis or another autoimmune, infectious or malignant process.1 Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) involves recurrent arterial or venous thrombosis, pregnancy loss, and repeated detection of anticardiolipin antibodies or lupus anticoagulant at least 6 weeks apart.2 APS may result in neurological complications such as stroke, migraine, chorea, seizures or transverse myelitis. There has been no reported association between APS and PACNS. We present the first two cases of PACNS and simultaneous APS.

Patient 1 is a 76 year old man presenting with headaches, mental status changes progressing to somnolence, and neurological …
The Clinical Laboratory: Cost Benefit and Effectiveness
Authors: SAMUEL P. MARTIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Editorials1 August 1971The Clinical Laboratory: Cost Benefit and EffectivenessSAMUEL P. MARTIN, M.D.SAMUEL P. MARTIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-309 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the last twenty years there has been an enormous expansion of the clinical laboratory segment of medical care. This has come about not only by the addition of new methods but also by a markedly increased use of the laboratory. Have the added activity and cost generated been associated with a commensurate benefit to the patient or with more effective care? Answering this question is possible: measurements of cost benefit and effectiveness are rapidly becoming standard procedure in industry and government. Industry uses these measurements to guide management in decisions on capital expenditure and various production methods (1). Government...References1. PRESTSURVEY AR: Cost benefit analysis: a survey. Economic Journal, 75:683-735, 1965 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. HITCHMCKEAN CR: The Economics of Defense in the Nuclear Age. New York, Atheneum Publishers, 1967, pp. 105-40 Google Scholar3. SMITH W: Cost effectiveness and cost benefit analysis for public health programs. Public Health Rep 83:899-906, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GRINERLIPTZIN PB: Use of the laboratory in a teaching hospital. Ann Intern Med 75:157-163, 1971 LinkGoogle Scholar5. PETERSONBURGESSBERFENSTRAM OAR: What is the value for money in medical care? Lancet 1:771-776, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. POLE J: Economic aspects of screening for disease, in Screening in Medical Care, by NUFFIELD PROVINCIAL HOSPITALS TRUST. London, Oxford University Press, 1968, pp. 141-158 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard Medical School Department of Preventive and Social Medicine Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByQualitative and quantitative evaluation of liver diseases: Functional classificationsCost and Effectiveness of Clinical Investigation: The State of the ArtOffice Laboratory Procedures in Pediatric Practice 1 August 1971Volume 75, Issue 2Page: 309-310KeywordsClinical laboratoriesResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 August 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ondansetron Compared with High-Dose Metoclopramide in Prophylaxis of Acute and Delayed Cisplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Pieter H. M. De Mulder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To compare the efficacy and side effects of ondansetron with those of high-dose metoclopramide in treating acute and delayed cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. Design: Randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Setting: Conducted at two university hospitals, a cancer institute, and six community hospitals. Patients: Of 125 patients, 95 were evaluable for the acute phase and 79 for the delayed phase. Major reasons for not being evaluable were no second course (14 patients), protocol violation (5 patients), and change in cisplatin dose (3 patients) for the acute phase, and rescue medication on day 1 (7 patients), protocol violation (3 patients), and inadequate data (4 patients) for the delayed phase. Interventions: All patients received cisplatin, 50 to 100 mg/m2 body surface area (median, 75 mg/m2); none had previously received chemotherapy. Thirty minutes before the cisplatin administration, ondansetron was given intravenously over 15 minutes, at a loading dose of 8 mg followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg/h for 24 hours. Metoclopramide was given at a loading dose of 3 mg/kg body weight, followed by a continuous infusion for 8 hours (4 mg/kg). For the delayed phase (days 2 through 6), the first oral dose was given as soon as the infusion was completed; the oral dose consisted of either metoclopramide, 20 mg three times daily, or ondansetron, 8 mg three times daily for another 5 days. Measurements and Main Results: In the acute phase, a major or complete response was seen in 72% of the ondansetron-treated and 41% of the metoclopramide-treated patients (P < 0. 001). Nausea was significantly better controlled among the ondansetron-treated patients (P = 0.04). In the delayed phase, no statistically significant difference was seen between ondansetron- and metoclopramide-treated patients. Nausea was significantly better controlled with metoclopramide (P = 0.016). Conclusions: Ondansetron is significantly more effective than metoclopramide in preventing acute nausea and vomiting. In the delayed phase, the results of both drugs were disappointing, although metoclopramide's effect on delayed nausea was superior. Patients preferred ondansetron.
Supernatant of stored platelets causes lung inflammation and coagulopathy in a novel in vivo transfusion model
Authors: Alexander P. J. Vlaar, Jorrit J. Hofstra, Wim Kulik, Henk van Lenthe, Rienk Nieuwland, Marcus J. Schultz, Marcel M. Levi, Joris J. T. H. Roelofs, Anton T. J. Tool, Dirk de Korte, Nicole P. Juffermans
Journal: Blood (2010)
Fetal Life Tables
Authors: Gilbert W. Mellin
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Study of the records of 5,878 pregnancies made it possible to construct a life table (mortality table, attrition table) for the fetal period of human existence, analogous to the life tables in general use for the postnatal period. Birth is an event in life, not the beginning of it. For each week of gestation completed by the fetus, the table states the probability that the fetus will be born alive and will survive the neonatal period.
The Cause of Malaria: Extract from an Address delivered at the Grant Medical College, Bombay, April 4th, 1896
Authors: E. Lawrie
Journal: BMJ (1896)

TL=BIro 1I35which was situated on the posterior wall in the median line, showed no disposition to heal.In March, I894, he became infected with syphilis, and was placed upon mercury.To my surprise the bladder symptoms gradually diminished, the penile pain from which he had suffered so long disappeared, the urine cleared, and in October, I894, I noted that he was cured of his bladder ailment.I examined him with the eystoscope last week (April, I896).On the posterior wall of the bladder, low down, was a florid, gelatinous, keloid-like scar.Radiating from its puckered centre and diverging like a star were prominent thin-edged ridges.Obviously the scar tissue in contracting had drawn into folds the loose mucous membrane.The rest of the bladder was in perfect health, 12 ounces capacity.The best form of treatment in the first stage is sandal oil, followed by maltine and cod oil, small doses of mercury at night, liberal diet, and fresh air.Should the ulcer prove
Global right to health campaign launched
Authors: Ronald Labonte
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The People's Health Movement, an international organisation of health activists, launched a new global campaign on the right to health at its second assembly in Cuenca, Ecuador, held from 18 to 23 July.

“The campaign in its first cycle will focus on the right to health care,” said Abhay Shukla, co-convenor of the People's Health Movement in India. Dr …