tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
279 Novel splicing variant of the vitamin k-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) causes des-gamma-carboxyl prothrombin production in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Authors: N. Ueda, H. Shiraha, T. Fujikawa, M. Suzuki, N. Takaoka, Y. Nakanishi, A. Takaki, Y. Shiratori
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
DETERMINATION OF INTRAVASCULAR TUMOR VOLUMES OF RIF AND EMT6 NEOPLASMS AFTER HYPERTHERMIA USING Tc-99m RBC
Authors: David D. Coleman, George M. Hahn, Luis Fajardo, I. Ross, None McDougall
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Coleman, David D.; Hahn, George M.; Fajardo, Luis; Ross, I.; McDougall, Author Information
Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group
Authors: Francesco Rodeghiero, Roberto Stasi, Terry Gernsheimer, Marc Michel, Drew Provan, Donald M. Arnold, James B. Bussel, Douglas B. Cines, Beng H. Chong, Nichola Cooper, Bertrand Godeau, Klaus Lechner, Maria Gabriella Mazzucconi, Robert McMillan, Miguel A. Sanz, Paul Imbach, Victor Blanchette, Thomas Kühne, Marco Ruggeri, James N. George
Journal: Blood (2008)
Modifications in ornithine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase in small bowel mucosa of starved and refed rats.
Authors: L D'Agostino, B Daniele, S Pignata, M V Barone, G D'Argenio, G Mazzacca
Journal: Gut (1987)

Starvation followed by refeeding, which provides a model of intestinal adaptation characterised by proliferative and biochemical changes, was used to clarify the biological roles of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and diamine oxidase (DAO)--enzymes involved in polyamines metabolism. Ornithine decarboxylase and DAO were assayed in the proximal and distal small bowel mucosa of 55 rats, starved for four days and then refed. Rats (five per day) were killed after four days' starvation and at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12 of refeeding. ODC, whose specific activity was similar in both intestinal segments, almost disappeared after starvation and showed a biphasic response during refeeding. High values were found on day 3 of refeeding in the proximal, and on day 4 in the distal small bowel; thereafter, they decreased gradually to be followed by a further significant increase during the last two days of the experiment. Diamine oxidase specific activity increased after starvation despite a very low total DAO activity in both intestinal segments. Refeeding induced a gradual recovery of DAO total activity. Diamine oxidase specific activity also reverted gradually to control values after five days of refeeding. These data confirm the prominence of ODC in the replication processes and suggest that intestinal DAO may not play a major role in enterocyte replication.
Diastolic stiffness and myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before and after valve replacement.
Authors: O M Hess, M Ritter, J Schneider, J Grimm, M Turina, H P Krayenbuehl
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Passive diastolic properties were determined in 10 control patients and 21 patients with aortic valve disease before and 17.5 months after successful valve replacement. Ten patients had severe aortic stenoses (AS), five had combined aortic valve lesions (AS + aortic insufficiency [AI]), and six patients had severe AI. Left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies were obtained before and after surgery in patients with AS, AS + AI, and AI. Simultaneous echocardiographic and high-fidelity pressure measurements were made in all patients, and left ventricular chamber stiffness was calculated from a viscoelastic pressure-circumference relationship and left ventricular myocardial stiffness from a viscoelastic stress-strain relationship. The constant of chamber stiffness, beta', was slightly although not significantly increased in patients with AS (0.27 before and 0.24 after surgery), but was normal in those with AS + AI (0.22 before and 0.17 after surgery) and slightly decreased in those with AI (0.18 before and 0.16 after surgery) when compared with in control subjects (0.21). The constant of myocardial stiffness beta was normal in patients with AS (13.2), AS + AI (11.5), and AI (11.7) before surgery compared with in the control group (12.5). beta increased, however, significantly in those with AS (25.2; p less than .02), but not in those with AS + AI (16.3; NS) and AI (12.8; NS) after surgery. Myocardial morphologic characteristics showed a significant decrease in muscle fiber diameter in patients with AS, AS + AI, and AI, as well as a significant increase in interstitial fibrosis from 15% to 26% (p less than .05) in those with AS and a slight increase from 15% to 22% (NS) in those with AS + AI and from 19% to 24% (NS) in those with AI. Left ventricular fibrous content (left ventricular muscle mass index multiplied by interstitial fibrosis) remained, however, unchanged in all three groups after aortic valve replacement. In conclusion, left ventricular chamber stiffness is increased in AS but decreased in AI, whereas LV myocardial stiffness is normal in patients with aortic valve disease before surgery. After surgery, left ventricular myocardial stiffness increased significantly in AS patients but remained unchanged in those with AI. Postoperative changes in myocardial structure were characterized by a decrease in muscle fiber diameter and a relative increase in interstitial fibrosis, whereas fibrous content remained unchanged. Thus, regression of myocardial hypertrophy in aortic valve disease is accompanied by an increase of myocardial stiffness in concentric hypertrophy that is not seen in eccentric hypertrophy.
Attempted murder by selenium poisoning.
Authors: D. A. Ruta, S. Haider
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Murder by poison is not confined to history and detective fiction.The case reported here highlights the need at least to consider foul play in a patient who has symptoms compatible with toxicity and in whom no firm diagnosis has been made. Case reportA previously healthy 46 year old man was admitted to hospital with a four week history of illness.He complained of a sudden onset of profuse watery diarrhoea and vomiting.This had subsided after one week but returned a week later.The second episode was more severe-and accompanied by abdominal cramps and loss of weight.He gave no relevant medical history and had never been abroad.He was a divorcee now living with his girlfriend.On admission physical examination yielded normal results, though a strong odour of garlic was noticed on his breath.Haematological and biochemical investiga- tions yielded normal results.No pathogenic organisms were isolated on repeated examination of stool samples.Shortly after admission his scalp hair began to fall out.Four days later, however, his bowel motions were normal, his vomiting had stopped, and he was putting on weight.He was discharged from hospital feeling quite well but was readmitted two weeks later with a recurrence of his symptoms.His alopecia was quite distinct, and he was found to have a purple-red discolouration at the base ofhis fingernails and toenails.He was also dehydrated and mildly jaundiced.The table shows the results of investigations.He was rehydrated with intravenous fluids, and once again his symptoms resolved and he was eating normally within two days.Sigmoid biopsy specimens showed a mild non-specific inflammation of the colonic mucosa.A barium enema and a barium meal and follow through examination both yielded normal results.A dermatological opinion was sought on the changes in his nails and hair.These were considered to be a response to severe illness.His gut hormones were screened to exclude a tumour that was secreting hormones, but concentrations were normal.Two weeks later he felt quite well again and was discharged.He was readmitted after three days with an acute recurrence of identical symptoms.
Protriptyline treatment of sleep hypoxaemia in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Authors: P E Smith, R H Edwards, P M Calverley
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Protriptyline 20 mg daily reduced the total time spent in rapid eye movement sleep in an open study in four subjects with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Sleep related hypoxaemia and episodes of desaturation were reduced. Anticholinergic side effects were prominent, however, in these patients, precluding its use for regular treatment.
Maturational regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate metabolism in rabbit airway smooth muscle.
Authors: S M Rosenberg, G T Berry, J R Yandrasitz, M M Grunstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Airway reactivity has been shown to vary with age; however, the mechanism(s) underlying this process remain unidentified. To elucidate the role of ontogenetic changes in phosphoinositide-linked signal transduction, we examined whether age-related differences in tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) contractility to carbachol (CCh) are associated with developmental changes in the production and metabolism of the second messenger, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins (1,4,5)P3). In TSM segments isolated from 2-wk-old and adult rabbits, both the maximal isometric contractile force and sensitivity (i.e., -logED50) to CCh (10(-10)-10(-4) M) were significantly greater in the immature vs. adult tissues (P less than 0.001). Similarly, Ins(1,4,5)P3 accumulation elicited by either receptor-coupled stimulation with CCh (10(-10)-10(-4) M) or post-receptor-mediated guanine nucleotide binding protein activation of permeabilized TSM with GTP gamma S (100 microM) was also significantly enhanced in 2-wk-old vs. adult TSM. Measurement of the activities of the degradative enzymes for Ins(1,4,5)P3 demonstrated that: (a) mean +/- SE maximal Ins(1,4,5)P3 3'-kinase activity was significantly reduced in the immature vs. adult TSM (i.e., approximately 71.7 +/- 6.0 vs. 137.8 +/- 10.0 pmol/min per mg protein, respectively; P less than 0.005); (b) by contrast, maximal Ins(1,4,5)P3 5'-phosphatase activity was significantly increased in the immature vs. adult TSM (i.e., 27.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 15.6 +/- 1.5 nmol/min per mg protein, respectively; P less than 0.001); and (c) the Km values for Ins(1,4,5)P3 5'-phosphatase were 14- and 19-fold greater than those for Ins(1,4,5)P3 3'-kinase in the 2-wk-old and adult TSM, respectively. Collectively, the findings suggest that the age-related decrease in agonist-induced rabbit TSM contractility is associated with a diminution in Ins(1,4,5)P3 accumulation which is attributed, at least in part, to ontogenetic changes in the relative activities of the degradative enzymes for Ins(1,4,5)P3.
Statistical methods for the beta-binomial model in teratology.
Authors: E Yamamoto, T Yanagimoto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The beta-binomial model is widely used for analyzing teratological data involving littermates. Recent developments in statistical analyses of teratological data are briefly reviewed with emphasis on the model. For statistical inference of the parameters in the beta-binomial distribution, separation of the likelihood introduces an likelihood inference. This leads to reducing biases of estimators and also to improving accuracy of empirical significance levels of tests. Separate inference of the parameters can be conducted in a unified way.
Abstract 3177: Hepatitis C virus transcriptionally downregulates miR-181c for promotion of hepatocyte growth towards hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ratna B. Ray, Anupam Mukherjee, Shubham Shrivastava, Ranjit Ray
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced chronic liver disease is one of the leading causes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The molecular events leading to HCC following HCV infection remains poorly defined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the control of many biological processes and their deregulation associate with different viral infections. In this study, we have identified a mechanism by which HCV suppresses miR-181c in human hepatocytes and target pathways involved in cell proliferation. Our results suggested that HCV infection transcriptionally downregulates miR-181c expression by modulating C/EBP-β. In silico prediction suggests that HOXA1 is a direct target of miR-181c. Homeobox A1 (HOXA1) is a member of homeodomain containing transcription factor family, and possesses pivotal roles in normal growth, development and differentiation of mammalian tissues. We have observed that HOXA1 expression is enhanced in HCV infected hepatocytes, and overexpression of mimic miR-181c inhibits HOXA1. Subsequently, exogenous expression of miR-181c inhibited HOXA1 downstream molecules STAT3 and STAT5, important transcription factors involved in HCV mediated cell survival and proliferation. Taken together, our results suggested that miR-181c is downregulated during HCV infection, which in turn, enhanced HOXA1 signaling pathway and promoted hepatocyte growth towards HCC. Citation Format: Ratna B. Ray, Anupam Mukherjee, Shubham Shrivastava, Ranjit Ray. Hepatitis C virus transcriptionally downregulates miR-181c for promotion of hepatocyte growth towards hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3177. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3177
Free fatty acids promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-α expression via a lysosomal pathway
Authors: Ariel E. Feldstein, Nathan W. Werneburg, Ali Canbay, Maria Eugenia Guicciardi, Steven F. Bronk, Robert Rydzewski, Laurence J. Burgart, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious health problem. Although NAFLD represents a form of lipotoxicity, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the cellular mechanisms involved in free fatty acid (FFA)-mediated hepatic lipotoxicity. FFA treatment of liver cells resulted in Bax translocation to lysosomes and lysosomal destabilization with release of cathepsin B (ctsb), a lysosomal cysteine protease, into the cytosol. This process was also partially dependent on ctsb. Lysosomal destabilization resulted in nuclear factor kappa B-dependent tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. Release of ctsb into the cytoplasm was also observed in humans with NAFLD and correlated with disease severity. In a dietary murine model of NAFLD, either genetic or pharmacological inactivation of ctsb protected against development of hepatic steatosis, liver injury, and insulin resistance with its associated "dysmetabolic syndrome." In conclusion, these data support a lipotoxic model of FFA-mediated lysosomal destabilization.
Chronic Gouty Nephropathy: A Vanishing Syndrome?
Authors: Max C. Reif, Arturo Constantiner, Marvin F. Levitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

One of the earliest descriptions of gouty or hyperuricemic nephropathy was given by Todd in 1849, who found "in the pyramidal portion white streaks of a crystalline character consisting of urate of soda." 1 The deposition of these crystals in the terminal tubular segments, with secondary giant-cell reaction, obstruction, pyelonephritis, and renal failure, offered an apt explanation of chronic hyperuricemic nephropathy. Over the years the concept broadened, and chronic hyperuricemia was blamed for producing other lesions as well, including an inflammatory interstitial reaction secondary to urate deposits or presumed tubular injury, vascular lesions involving small and large vessels, and even glomerular . . .
A 41-Year-Old Woman With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Joseph H. Antin
Journal: JAMA (2003)

DR BURNS: Mrs P is a 41-year-old woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). She previously worked as a hairdresser but has not worked for several months. Mrs P lives with her husband and children. She has commercial insurance. For a number of years, Mrs P noted that she felt fatigued and had headaches. She sought medical care, but no explanation was found. In June 2002, she went to a new primary care physician and was found to have a white blood cell count of 58 10/μL, hematocrit of 41.4%, and a platelet count of 211 10/μL. There were 51 polys, 2 monocytes, 1 eosinophil, 1 promyelocyte, 13 myelocytes, 14 bands, and 5 metamyelocytes. A bone marrow biopsy was performed and she was found to have a myeloproliferative disorder; cytogenetic testing showed classic Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). Mrs P was seen at another medical center and imatinib mesylate (Gleevec; Novartis, East Hanover, NJ) was recommended. After starting imatinib (400 mg/d), she developed severe occipital headaches and an abdominal rash. The drug was stopped and her symptoms improved; however, her white blood cell count rose to higher than 120 10/μL. She was subsequently restarted on a lower dose of imatinib (200 mg/d) with a plan to slowly increase the dose to 400 mg/d. She tolerated this regimen better, although she continued to note ongoing occipital headaches and fatigue. Her white blood cell count improved to 88 10/μL. Mrs P has a past medical history significant for kidney stones and migraines and a past surgical history significant for an appendectomy and hysterectomy. Her only current medication is imatinib mesylate (400 mg/d). She is allergic to penicillin and sulfa. She quit smoking in October 1994, and she does not drink alcohol. Mrs P recently sought a second opinion and an allogeneic transplantation was recommended. She decided to proceed with the transplant as she believed that it offered a reasonably good chance for cure and because she felt that she could neither afford imatinib for the long-term nor tolerate its adverse effects. Mrs P and her siblings underwent histocompatibility testing and were not a match. She has considered her options and is planning a matched, unrelated donor stem cell transplantation.
Limited list becomes law: minister proposes conference
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The limited list orders, flawed or not, duly went through both houses of parliament.In the end the discrepancies between the Scottish and English "blacklists" boiled down to two omissions on the Scottish one and one omission on the English one, but even if the worst fears of the Statutory Instruments Committee were not borne out-as I reported last week it had originally estimated over a hundred discrepancies because of shoddy drafting-it all added to the generally uncomfortable time ministers have been having over the whole affair.The question now is whether the list is the thin end of the wedge.Mr Norman Fowler, Social Services Secretary, insisted that it was not, and that he did not intend to extend the list.But beware of ministers making categorical statements: they are a bit like Greeks bearing gifts.
The Relation between Survival and Age at Diagnosis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Hans-Olov Adami, Birgitta Malker, Lars Holmberg, Ingemar Persson, Betty Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Abstract We analyzed the relation between age at diagnosis and relative survival (ratio of observed to expected survival) in 57,068 women in Sweden in whom breast cancer was diagnosed in 1960 to 1978 (about 98 percent of all cases). Women who were 45 to 49 years old had the best prognosis, with a relative survival exceeding that of the youngest patients (<30 years) by 7.6 to 12.9 percent at different periods of observation. Relative survival declined markedly after the age of 49 — particularly in women aged 50 to 59 — and the oldest women (>75) had the worst rate. The difference in relative survival between those older than 75 and those 45 to 49 increased from 8.6 percent at 2 years to 12.2, 20.3, and 27.5 percent after 5, 10, and 15 years of follow-up, respectively. The long-term annual mortality rate due to breast cancer approached 1 to 2 percent at the premenopausal ages but exceeded 5 percent throughout the period of observation in the oldest age group. An understanding of the biologic basis for the complex relation between age and prognosis might provide a better understanding of the natural history of breast cancer in women. (N Engl J Med 1986;315:559–63.)
External Accumulation of Radionuclide in Hepatic Hydrothorax
Authors: ROBERT J. ALBIN, GERALD S. JOHNSTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Hepatic hydrothorax is a complication in approximately 5% of patients with cirrhosis. Ascites is almost always present and helps to suggest the correct diagnosis. However, when ascites is absent, radionuclide imaging has proven to be helpful in establishing that the pleural effusion originated from ascitic fluid. When pleural fluid is rapidly removed, such as by thoracostomy tube drainage, the radioisotope may accumulate outside the thorax and produce a negative scan of the chest. When the radionuclide scan is nondiagnostic and the pleural space is being rapidly drained, the pleural fluid collecting system should always be imaged before rejecting diagnosis of hepatic hydrothorax.
GC-03 * INTRACRANIAL NONGERMINOMATOUS GERM CELL TUMORS: TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND OUTCOMES
Authors: B. Imber, S. Braunstein, A. Banerjee, T. Tihan, A. Bollen, D. Haas-Kogan, S. Mueller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Intracranial germ cell tumors are a histologically diverse set of neoplasms. Compared to the germinomatous variant, nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) have poorer outcomes and best management remains uncertain. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 24 patients who received definitive NGGCT treatment between 1986-2010 at UCSF and used Kaplan-Meier analysis to determine progression free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Median diagnostic age was 11.7 years (range 0.6-52 years), with a 4:1 M:F gender ratio. Histological variants included mixed germ cell tumor (83.3%), embryonal carcinoma (12.5%), and yolk sac tumor (4.2%). Anatomically, 14 (58.3%) tumors were pineal and 3 (12.5%) were bifocal. Median follow-up was 7.3 years (IQR 1.2-14.5 years). Treatment was typically multimodal but varied with most common regimens being surgery, chemotherapy and radiation (29.2%) or surgery and chemotherapy (20.8%). Of the 13 patients irradiated as part of their initial regimen, 7 received focal radiotherapy alone, 3 received ventricular or whole brain radiation plus tumor boost and 3 received craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Median dose was 54 Gy. Following initial therapy, 45.8% of patients had no evidence of disease, 37.5% had residual tumor and 12.5% were unknown. Five-year PFS rate was 42.9% (95% CI 9.8-73.5%) and 5 and 10 year OS rate were 95.2 (95% CI 70.7-99.3%) and 87.9% (95% CI 58.5-96.6), respectively. There was no association between therapeutic modality and PFS. Over the follow-up period, 8 (33.3%) patients had recurrent disease (50% local, 50% craniospinal axis), half were salvaged with CSI and half received stem cell transplant +/− focal radiotherapy. There were 7 total cohort deaths, 6 of which were attributed to NGGCT. CONCLUSION: Despite over 50% progression in patients treated with multimodality therapy, late OS was high at 88% due to successful salvage therapy. This might be due to a very small proportion being treated with CSI as part of initial therapy.