tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeting GGTase-I Activates RHOA, Increases Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport, and Reduces Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Omar M. Khan, Murali K. Akula, Kristina Skålen, Christin Karlsson, Marcus Ståhlman, Stephen G. Young, Jan Borén, Martin O. Bergo
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Statins have antiinflammatory and antiatherogenic effects that have been attributed to inhibition of RHO protein geranylgeranylation in inflammatory cells. The activity of protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) is widely believed to promote membrane association and activation of RHO family proteins. However, we recently showed that knockout of GGTase-I in macrophages activates RHO proteins and proinflammatory signaling pathways, leading to increased cytokine production and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we asked whether the increased inflammatory signaling of GGTase-I-deficient macrophages would influence the development of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.Aortic lesions in mice lacking GGTase-I in macrophages (Pggt1b▵/▵) contained significantly more T lymphocytes than the lesions in controls. Surprisingly, however, mean atherosclerotic lesion area in Pggt1b▵/▵ mice was reduced by ≈60%. GGTase-I deficiency reduced the accumulation of cholesterol esters and phospholipids in macrophages incubated with minimally modified and acetylated low-density lipoprotein. Analyses of GGTase-I-deficient macrophages revealed upregulation of the cyclooxygenase 2-peroxisome proliferator-activated-γ pathway and increased scavenger receptor class B type I- and CD36-mediated basal and high-density lipoprotein-stimulated cholesterol efflux. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of RHOA, but not RAC1 or CDC42, normalized cholesterol efflux. The increased cholesterol efflux in cultured cells was accompanied by high levels of macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and slightly reduced plasma lipid levels in vivo.Targeting GGTase-I activates RHOA and leads to increased macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and reduced atherosclerosis development despite a significant increase in inflammation.
Research versus Innovation: Real Differences
Authors: Haavi Morreim
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

"Research versus Innovation: Real Differences." The American Journal of Bioethics, 5(1), pp. 42–43 Notes 1The group, called the IPAC (Independent Patient Advocacy Council), provided assistance to prospective and enrolled patients and their families throughout the trial, in addition to ethical advisory to ABIOMED. I chaired the IPAC. For further information see Morreim, 2001, Innovation in human research protection: The Independent Patient Advocacy Council. Law and Bioethics Report 1:3–5.
CONCOMITANT VALVE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT AND LONG-TERM SURVIVAL IN TYPE A AORTIC DISSECTION IN THE COMMUNITY
Authors: Armen Chalian, Ryan Clare, Keith Thompson, Michael Jorgensen, Albert Shen, Raymond Chen, Prakash Mansukhani, Colin Watanabe, Ray Zadegan, Richard Contreras, Ajay Kirtane, Somjot Brar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
FACTORS REDUCING MORTALITY IN NITROUS OXIDE-OXYGEN ANESTHESIA
Authors: GEORGE A. HAVEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1928)

As the outcome of any operation is determined by various factors and conditions, it follows that fatalities following operations, and particularly deliberate operations, may have been preventable. Among determining factors are: (1) the condition of the patient; (2) the surgical procedure; (3) the measures taken to prevent shock and postoperative complications, and (4) the effect of the anesthetic. With the second of these factors, the surgical procedure, the anesthetist is not directly concerned. Criticism on his part of operative procedure might be presumptuous. That improved surgical technic has greatly lessened mortality is a commonplace observation. However, there is one necessary condition in surgical procedure that the anesthetist may properly stress and that is speed, but speed only when consistent with good work. It stands to reason that, other things being equal, a patient who is on the operating table half an hour is far better off than one who has
BARIUM SULPHATE MEALS IN GASTRIC DILATATION—HEATING SOLUTIONS FOR PROCTOCLYSIS
Authors: H. T. Summersgill
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —I sent a patient suffering from a carcinoma of the stomach, with dilatation, achlorhydria and extreme cachexia to the hospital, June 18, for a roentgenogram. A meal of barium sulphate in malted milk was given, the plates were exposed and developed, and the patient removed to his home. About seven hours later, symptoms of distention ensued, followed by pain, nausea and vomiting, which in a few hours assumed the characteristics of hematemesis of a grave type. It occurs to me that this type of meal, universally used, is contraindicated in such cases, and that a different suspension should be used, i. e., olive oil or a light liquid petrolatum. In the event of either proving unsatisfactory, lavage should be a routine procedure if not contraindicated; otherwise, phenol (carbolic acid) in small doses (1/2-1 grain) should be given to prevent fermentation.  On palpating the abdomen of a patient
Gastric Visualization by Ga-67 Scintigraphy and Coarse Gastric Mucosa in a Patient with Hodgkin??s Disease in Remission
Authors: RUTH HARDOFF, MIRIAM QUITT, ESTER AGAHAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Ga-67 accumulation in the stomach has been described in gastritis, gastric lymphoma, and rarely, in gastric carcinoma. A patient is described with Hodgkin's disease in remission who demonstrated gastric Ga-67 uptake on four consecutive studies obtained over a period of 5 years. The patient had no gastrointestinal symptoms. Gastric radiography showed coarse gastric mucosa; however, gastroscopy and biopsy specimens were normal. Thus Ga-67 uptake in this patient may be associated with coarse gastric mucosa.
Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation: A New Treatment Option after Failure to Stop Severe Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Tumor Bleeding Using Endoscopic Techniques
Authors: A. Stang, C.-U. von Seydewitz, S. Celebcioglu, H. Keles, F. Hagenmüller, D. Braumann
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Endoscopy is well established as the primary approach in cases of severe acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Although endoscopic techniques can achieve hemostasis in up to 95% of instances, not all sources of bleeding seen at endoscopy can be managed endoscopically. Massive and diffuse bleeding from locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma is not usually self-limit-ing and is often refractory to endoscopic treatment. If surgery or endovascular tumor embolization are not possible after failure of endoscopic hemostasis, the situation may become life-threaten-ing. We present a new option for the treatment of patients in this rare but potentially fatal situation, which involves radiofrequency ablation using a needle electrode placed percutaneously un-der ultrasound guidance.
Expression Levels of Enzymes Related to In Situ Estrogen Synthesis and Clinicopathological Parameters in Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: T. Saeki, M. Suzuki, T. Nakata, Y. Shiotsu, H. Ishida, S. Akinaga, K. Aogi, T. Utsumi, N. Harada
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Local estrogen synthesis may play an important role of progression of breast cancer with hormone receptors. Local progression of breast cancer may depend on high concentration of estrogens and estrogen receptor status. To clarify correlation between expression levels of enzymes in breast cancer and clinicopathological parameters, we analyzed expression of steroid sulfatase(STS), estrogen sulfatase(EST), 17b-hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase type I &amp; II(17b-HSDI &amp; II) and aromatase. In addition, mRNA expression of estrogens receptor alpha(ERa), estrogen receptor beta(ERb), cycline D1 and erbB2 were measured. Material and Methods: The mRNA expression levels of genes in 196 breast cancer tissues removed from surgery were assayed by RT-PCR. Results: The level of STS were significantly higher in patients with clinical stage. STS expressed none in stage 0 or I, 0.011 in stage II, and 0.013 amol/1 amol b-actin in stage 3 or 4. In addition, EST expressed 58.5 amol/1 amol b-actin in stage 2 and 36.8 in stage 3 or 4, otherwise, the expression level of EST in stage 0 or 1 revealed 15.3 amol/1 amol b-actin. There were no correlation between clinical stage and aromatase expression. Expression levels of ERa and cyclineD1 significantly correlated with protein levels of ER, and there were significant correlation between erbB2 expression and prognosis of patients. Conclusion: Up-regulation of STS play an important role in tumor progression of breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4155.
D-penicillamine and obliterative bronchiolitis.
Authors: L Amin-Zaki, S Al-Damluji
Journal: BMJ (1977)

and cutaneous anergy to DNCB'2-15 in a substantial proportion of patients with in- flammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis alike.We have also noted that in ulcerative colitis the anergy appears to reverse after colectomy, whereas in Crohn's disease it persists despite surgical resection.'4 15 These facts should help provide a clear and definitive answer to your rhetorical "fact or fiction" question.The establishment of anergy as a feature of Crohn's disease may not be a "breakthrough," but it certainly is a fact.
L-Asparaginase in Treatment of Acute Leukaemia and Lymphosarcoma
Authors: M. E. J. Beard, D. Crowther, D. A. G. Galton, R. J. Guyer, G. H. Fairley, H. E. M. Kay, P. J. Knapton, J. S. Malpas, R. B. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1970)

L-Asparaginase was used to treat 40 patients with acute leukaemia or lymphosarcoma. Fifteen with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia either untreated or in relapse after previous therapy were given "Squibb," "Bayer," or "Porton" L-asparaginase. Five of these patients had complete remission of their disease, and four had good partial remission. Eleven patients with acute myeloid leukaemia were treated for a short period with L-asparaginase alone. None of them went into remission though a pronounced fall in the numbers of circulating white cells was seen. Six patients with lymphosarcoma received L-asparaginase, two of them having good partial remissions.The toxic side-effects of the L-asparaginase from the three sources seemed to vary, and L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora appeared to be antigenically different from the enzyme produced by Escherichia coli.The way in which leukaemic cells become resistant to the action of the enzyme requires further investigation. To overcome this resistance asparaginase should be used in combination with other drugs in the treatment of acute leukaemia.
Pneumothorax
Authors: Daniel C. Moore, L. Donald Bridenbaugh
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Many physicians avoid the admittedly useful technique of intercostal nerve -block because of the supposedly high incidence of pneumothorax. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not silent forms of pneumothorax follow intercostal nerve block and to evaluate the over-all incidence of pneumothorax after this procedure. In the present study roentgenograms of 200 consecutive patients revealed one silent pneumothorax. In a previous study of 4,333 patients there had been 4 cases of symptomatic pneumothorax. The conclusions from this study were (1) that with direct personal supervision physicians can learn to perform intercostal block satisfactorily, (2) that it should be taught in teaching programs, and (3) that the possibility of pneumothorax after intercostal nerve block is not a substantial argument against its general routine use.
CASE OF INVERSION OF THE UTERUS
Authors: C. Leonard
Journal: BMJ (1855)

BOCAnO MEDIWAL JOUNAL.LD=. 14, -ISP ud, oai k dangeou cas fi tly eawyer i_* thX o_mtioss, ho1 ar We to "do up.such a _ M quon as the eat time the operto shoud take place?It mut be left to the surgeon, whoe know- lep of the powes of vitality in disease and helth mus decid the point.CAsa.Mr. D., a respectable tresman residig in the Edgware Road, aged 30 years, of fair complexion and sandy ir, easily suceptible of sore throat when exposed to damp, about four months since, from such exposure, suf- By
Barriers to the universal adoption of bilateral internal mammary artery grafting
Authors: Jeremiah Umakanthan, Panch Jeyakumar, Branavan Umakanthan, Nikeshan Jeyakumar, Nadarajah Senthilkumar, Mathioli R. Saraswathy, Padminidevi Umakanthan, Janani Umakanthan, Tamoor Sial, Sofia Abrina, Frances M. Buendia, Irene Pan, Ramadas K. Kamath, Canagaratnam Pathmarajah, Kanagaratnam Sivalingam, Shan A. Nathan, Shun K. Sunder, Tom Mahendra, Ramanan Umakanthan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and the Diagnostic Utility of Antibody to Epstein-Barr Virus Early Antigen
Authors: Walter C. Hellinger
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Antibody to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigen has been said to be the most specific indicator of symptomatic chronic EBV infection. We studied the clinical utility of this serologic test in the evaluation of patients with chronic fatigue. Thirty patients with chronic fatigue and highly elevated titers of antibody to early antigen (greater than or equal to 1:160) were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched controls with no antibody to early antigen. There were no significant differences noted between patients and controls at the initial evaluation (symptoms, physical examination, laboratory data). Follow-up information, available for 15 matched pairs, showed no differences in outcome between patients and controls. We conclude that the antibody to EBV early antigen is not helpful in the clinical evaluation of patients with chronic fatigue.
Drug-Induced Depression: A Systematic Review to Inform Clinical Practice
Authors: Scott B. Patten, Corrado Barbui
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Certain medications may contribute to the etiology of depressive symptoms and disorders. Research in this area, however, has been hampered by methodological and conceptual problems. This review had two objectives: to identify evidence linking medical drugs to depressive symptoms and disorders, and to summarize this evidence in a clinically meaningful way. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Electronic literature searches were performed and studies were reviewed with reference to critical methodological features. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; No medications causing the typical major depressive syndrome were identified. Evidence was found linking corticosteroids, interferon-α, interleukin-2, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, mefloquine, progestin-releasing implanted contraceptives and propranolol to the etiology of atypical depressive syndromes. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; A small number of drugs have been shown capable of inducing depressive symptoms. Drug-induced depression appears to differ symptomatically from classical major depression.
EFFECT OF LIVER AND PITUITARY DIGESTS ON THE PROLIFERATION OF SARCOMATOUS FIBROBLASTS OF THE RAT
Authors: Lillian E. Baker, Alexis Carrel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

1. A media containing all the essential constituents for the cultivation in vitro of sarcomatous fibroblasts of the rat has been prepared by digesting calf liver and also the anterior lobe of the pituitary body with pepsin. 2. The nutritive action of the pituitary digests is not altered by thorough extraction with ether. 3. After a pure strain of sarcomatous fibroblasts had been cultivated for 3 months in a liver digest, its proliferative activity was as great as at the beginning of the experiment. The same was true of the colonies cultivated for 1 month in a digest of pituitary gland. The increase in the volume of the colonies which takes place in the digests is about as great as that produced by chick embryo juice. 4. Normal chicken fibroblasts also proliferate in both digests, but they undergo fatty degeneration after a more or less prolonged period of cultivation.
Gastric Acid Secretion in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: P. S. Ventkateswaran, A. Jeffers, A. G. Hocken
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Contrary to the small amount of published evidence, but in accordance with clinical impression, we have found an increased incidence of peptic ulceration in people with chronic renal failure. Hyperacidic secretion in response to a standard pentagastrin test occurs in patients established on long-term dialysis treatment. The traditional liability of azotaemic patients to peptic ulceration seems not to be decreased by adequate long-term dialysis and indeed may be worsened.
Clopidogrel and interaction with proton pump inhibitors: comparison between cohort and within person study designs
Authors: I. J. Douglas, S. J. W. Evans, A. D. Hingorani, A. M. Grosso, A. Timmis, H. Hemingway, L. Smeeth
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To measure the association between use of proton pump inhibitors and a range of harmful outcomes in patients using clopidogrel and aspirin. <b>Design</b> Observational cohort study and self controlled case series. <b>Setting</b> United Kingdom General Practice Research Database with linked data from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) and the Office for National Statistics (the cardiovascular disease research using linked bespoke studies and electronic records (CALIBER) collaboration) <b>Population</b> 24 471 patients receiving clopidogrel and aspirin. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was death or incident myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes were death, incident myocardial infarction, vascular death, and non-vascular death. Comparisons were made between proton pump inhibitor use and non-use. <b>Results</b> Of the 24 471 patients prescribed clopidogrel and aspirin, 12 439 (50%) were also prescribed a proton pump inhibitor at some time during the study. Death or incident myocardial infarction occurred in 1419 (11%) patients while they were receiving a proton pump inhibitor compared with 1341 (8%) who were not receiving a proton pump inhibitor. In multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio for the association between proton pump inhibitor use and death or incident myocardial infarction was 1.37 (95% confidence interval 1.27 to 1.48). Comparable results were seen for secondary outcomes and with other 2C19 inhibitors and with non-2C19 inhibitors. With the self controlled case series design to remove the effect of differences between people, there was no association between proton pump inhibitor use and myocardial infarction, with a rate ratio of 0.75 (0.55 to 1.01). Similarly, with the self controlled case series there was no association with myocardial infarction for other 2C19 inhibitors/non-inhibitors. <b>Conclusion</b> The lack of a specific association and the discrepancy between findings of the analyses between and within people suggests that the interaction between proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel is clinically unimportant.
Prophylaxis rates for venous thromboembolism and gastrointestinal bleeding in general medical patients: too low or too high?
Authors: S. J. Herzig, M. B. Rothberg
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Recommendations and general conceptions surrounding venous thromboembolism and gastrointestinal bleeding in medical patients are divergent, despite similar efficacy and risks.<b> Shoshana Herzig</b> and <b>Michael Rothberg</b> examine how industry influence and research bias have contributed to the difference
Is Adrenal Ovarian Thecal Metaplasia a Misnomer? Report of Three Cases of Radial Scar-Like Spindle Cell Myofibroblastic Nodule of the Adrenal Gland
Authors: Ozgur Mete, Simon Raphael, Amrah Pirzada, Sylvia L. Asa
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2011)
Cardiac arrhythmias during rewarming of patients with accidental hypothermia.
Authors: A C Rankin, A P Rae
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Accidental hypothermia has a high mortality and is associated with cardiac arrhythmias. To determine the incidence of arrhythmias and their importance 22 patients with accidental hypothermia (core temperature less than 35 degrees C) were studied by 12 lead electrocardiography and continuous recording of cardiac rhythm. Although 14 of the patients died (64%), only six died while hypothermic. Prolongation of the Q-T interval and the presence of J waves were related to the severity of the hypothermia. Supraventricular arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, were common (nine cases) and benign. Ventricular extrasystoles were also common (10 cases), but ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation did not occur during rewarming. In eight patients who died while being monitored the terminal rhythm was asystole. There was no correlation between the severity of hypothermia or the rate of rewarming and the clinical outcome. In the absence of malignant arrhythmias there is no indication for using prophylactic antiarrhythmic treatment in patients with accidental hypothermia. The presence or absence of severe underlying disease is the main determinant of prognosis.
Managing Drug-Risk Information — What to Do with All Those New Numbers
Authors: Jerry Avorn, Sebastian Schneeweiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The FDA's proposed Sentinel system for postmarketing surveillance will generate many safety signals, some of which will be false alarms. Drs. Jerry Avorn and Sebastian Schneeweiss explore the challenges to interpretation of those signals, as well as questions about communicating their meaning effectively.
Instinctual Stimulation of Children: From Common Practice to Child Abuse
Authors: Ray E. Helfer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This two-volume work reviews the cases of 100 children who experienced various forms of interactional stimuli during their rearing that resulted in sufficient behavioral symptoms for their parents to seek psychiatric help. The forms that these stimuli took varied and included punitive, erogenous/erotic, and anal/fecal. The children presented in this review were selected both from the personal clinical experience of the author and colleagues and the psychiatric literature. The material is organized in an unusual format, requiring the reader to move from volume to volume in order to understand the basic concepts. While I strongly urge every psychiatrist, child or adult, to use these concepts, reading the organizational summary presented in this review before undertaking this endeavor should prove helpful. Providing a concise and objective description of the organizational structure and basic theme and purpose of these two volumes was difficult, as they are laid out unlike most works. Until
Serotonin Receptors and Their Function in Sleep, Anxiety Disorders and Depression
Authors: B.E. Leonard
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Thirty-three years ago, Gaddum and Picarelli classified the serotonin receptors in the guinea pig ileum into D and M types based on the activity of dibenzyline (D) and morphine (M) to block contractions of intestinal smooth muscle caused by serotonin. The subsequent location of specific ligand binding sites for serotonin in the brain has led to the identification of 14 serotonin receptor sub-types in rat brain. The cloning of these receptor sub-types has been of importance in enabling them to be classified as specific-protein molecules encoded by specific genes. The problem now arises with regard to the linking of the changes in the cellular activity of the various receptor sub-types with the plethora of behavioural changes that arise as a consequence of the actions of serotonin in the brain. The present review summarizes the evidence implicating the role of specific serotonin receptor sub-types in sleep, anxiety states, schizophrenia and depression. A summary of the relationship between these receptor sub-types and their possible involvement in the aetiology of schizophrenia, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders.