tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Respondeat Superior</i>
Authors: Charles B. Wheeler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

NURSE: Quick! I need some O negative blood for surgery.Technologist: Give me that tube of the patient's blood you're holding.Nurse: I am functioning as the surgeon's agent. He is captain of the ship. He wants to use a universal donor's blood for this serious emergency.Technologist: I am functioning as the pathologist's agent. He thinks universal-donor blood is dynamite. It should be used only on rare occasions. Type-specific blood is much safer. In just the minute we have been discussing the case, I have determined that your patient is AB positive. The pathologist would want the patient to . . .
Non-Hypoglycemia Is an Epidemic Condition
Authors: Joel Yager, Roy T. Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Over the past few years people have appeared in droves with the self-diagnosis of "hypoglycemia" — a term that has become a layman's final common pathway for a variety of conditions, only few of which are related to endocrinologic abnormalities. At UCLA we have seen literally dozens of patients referred for the work-up of a myriad of complaints that they attribute to this disorder.Although the initial description of non-disease was based on the experience of an endocrinology practice, no mention of non-hypoglycemia is made in the original article.1 Nor is the problem mentioned in the correspondence that hailed the . . .
Migrant healthcare: public health versus politics
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2012)

What can doctors do about the sorry state of migrants’ access to UK healthcare?



As an excellent new book makes clear, migrants are a force for good.1 This is just as well: all of us are descended from the migrants who left Africa 50 000 to 60 000 years ago. But there’s a downside. If migration is nearly as old as humanity itself, so is the hostility that outsiders face from their adoptive societies.

The United Kingdom distinguishes itself by being more opposed to immigration than similar countries with higher proportions of foreign born citizens. Underpinning this attitude is a host of assumptions that don’t fit the facts. A few examples. A recent report from the National Institute of Economic and Social Research contradicts the widespread belief that immigrants “cost jobs.”2 Migrants are actually less likely to claim working age benefits than British nationals. A Migration Observatory poll found that asylum seekers loom large when the British public thinks about migrants coming to live in Britain, yet applications for asylum made up just 3% of immigrant numbers in 2010. Despite its daily contact with the NHS, the British public seems oblivious to the fact that 37% of its doctors and 13% of its nurses are foreign born (figures from …
Renal transplantation in developing countries
Authors: S. Adibul Hasan Rizvi, S.A. Anwar Naqvi, Zafar Hussain, Altaf Hashmi, Fazal Akhtar, Manzoor Hussain, Ejaz Ahmed, M. Naqi Zafar, Saleem Hafiz, Rana Muzaffar, Fatema Jawad
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Long-term chikungunya infection clinical manifestations after an outbreak in Italy: A prognostic cohort study
Authors: M.L. Moro, E. Grilli, A. Corvetta, G. Silvi, R. Angelini, F. Mascella, F. Miserocchi, P. Sambo, A.C. Finarelli, V. Sambri, C. Gagliotti, E. Massimiliani, A. Mattivi, A.M. Pierro, P. Macini
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Incision and Drainage of Soft-Tissue Abscesses and Bacteremia
Authors: B. C. Fine, P. R. Sheckman, J. C. Bartlett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1985Incision and Drainage of Soft-Tissue Abscesses and BacteremiaB. C. FINE, M.D., P. R. SHECKMAN, M.D., J. C. BARTLETT, M.D.B. C. FINE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, P. R. SHECKMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. C. BARTLETT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-4-645_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Superficial soft tissue infection is usually treated on an outpatient basis by incision and drainage with or without accompanying antibiotic therapy. Many investigators have shown that transient bacteremia occurs after manipulation of mucosal surfaces or certain surgical procedures, but none has looked for bacteremia induced by incision and drainage of cutaneous abscesses (1, 2). We have studied this question in 10 patients.Cases were included in the study on the basis of four criteria: soft tissue infection was drained by incision; the skin overlying the infected area was intact; no antibiotic therapy was given during the preceding...References1. EVERETTHIRSCHMAN EV. Transient bacteremia and endocarditis prophylaxis: a review. Medicine (Baltimore). 1977;57:61-77. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. FROCKMOLAVI LA. Transient bacteremia associated with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Compr Ther. 1982;8:65-71. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Blalock III Baltimore, MD 21205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByInfection prophylaxis in periorbital Mohs surgery and reconstruction: a review and update to recommendationsAntimicrobial Prophylaxis in Noncardiac Prosthetic Device RecipientsIncision and DrainageWhen Antibiotics are UnnecessaryAntimicrobial Prophylaxis for Wounds and Procedures in the Emergency DepartmentAbscess Incision and DrainageAntibiotic Use in The Treatment of Soft Tissue Abscesses: A Survey of Current PracticeInfectious Complications and Antibiotic Use in Dermatologic SurgeryClinical aspects of full-thickness wound healingSkin and Soft Tissue InfectionsUpdate on the Use of Antibiotics in Cutaneous SurgeryCutaneous and Superficial AbscessesTHE PREOPERATIVE PATIENT EVALUATION: PREPARING FOR SURGERYDRESSING THE PARTIncision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses Is Not Associated With Bacteremia in Afebrile AdultsDermatologists and antibiotic prophylaxis: A surveyAntibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgeryPreoperative Evaluation of the Surgical PatientThe incidence of bacteremia in skin surgery of the head and neck 1 October 1985Volume 103, Issue 4Page: 645-645KeywordsAbscessesAntibioticsBacteremiaOutpatientsSkin infectionsSoft tissue infections Issue Published: 1 October 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
False-Positive VDRL and FTA in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Gonzalo Madiedo
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A VARIETY of CSF tests have been used in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. Two of the most widely used are the nontreponemal VDRL and the FTA. Both tests have high specificity, and false-positive reactions are rare. A case of false-positive VDRL and FTA in the CSF occurred in a patient with meningeal carcinomatosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 65-year-old man was in good health until about three months before admission, when dizziness, tinnitis, and a tendency to fall developed. A few days before admission, he noted mild left-sided weakness, with subsequent episodes of confusion and urinary incontinence. He was a chronic alcoholic but gave no history of syphilis. On examination he was unkempt, dehydrated, and undernourished. His blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg, his pulse rate was regular at 80 beats per minute, and his temperature was 36.4 °C. He was alert and oriented to place, time, and person, but
Subclavian Steal Syndrome
Authors: Jairam K Aithal, Matthias Ulrich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 68-year-old man with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus presented with dizziness, presyncope, and blurring of vision that occurred when he used his left hand while gardening. He reported no history of coronary or vascular disease. A physical examination was notable for blood pressures of 150/70 mm Hg in the right arm and 80/60 mm Hg in the left arm, with weak brachial and radial pulses on the left side. The cardiac examination revealed an audible S4, a bruit in the right carotid artery, and a thrill and bruit over the left subclavian artery. Angiography showed a severe . . .
SOME FURTHER OBSERVATION ON THE USE OF THE STEM PESSARY FOR SCANTY MENSTRUATION DYSMENORRHEA, INFANTILE UTERUS AND STERILITY.
Authors: J. H. CARSTENS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In a paper on the above subject last year, I called attention to the great value of the stem pessary for some of these intractable cases. While a general practitioner I think I had more trouble with cases of scanty and painful menstruation than any other cases of pelvic troubles. The inefficiency of medication and general hygienic rules we have all observed. These patients go from one physician to another. We have gradually been enabled to unravel the different questions involved, and are now able to relieve many cases by understanding the pathology and the causative factors. The complex symptoms produced by the many various pathologic conditions naturally require that a correct diagnosis must first be made. After eliminating all those cases caused by diseases of the tubes and ovaries, adhesions and displacements, there still remains a goodly number of cases of painful menstruation which are not relieved by ordinary
Q-Tip Otalgia
Authors: Richard Thomas Barton
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  One of the major advertising achievements of our generation has been the selling of cottontipped applicators to the public to be poked in all of the various holes and orifices of the human body in the name of personal hygiene. Some of the consequences of  the external ear with a  may be the following:   Packing of the cerumen deeply against the tympanic membrane resulting in sudden deafness.  Removal of the normal cerumenous skin protection resulting in dry, itching canals.  Pain in the ear on chewing, grimacing, or touching with no visible inflammation of the external canal—a syndrome best labelled Q-Tip otalgia.   Although not suitable for human use, I must in all fairness report that these swabs are excellent for cleaning silver, applying paste when mounting photographs, and wiping wine stains off one's dinner shirt.
Association of Maternal Stature With Offspring Mortality, Underweight, and Stunting in Low- to Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Emre Özaltin, Kenneth Hill, S. V. Subramanian
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>Although maternal stature has been associated with offspring mortality and health, the extent to which this association is universal across developing countries is unclear.<h3>Objective</h3>To examine the association between maternal stature and offspring mortality, underweight, stunting, and wasting in infancy and early childhood in 54 low- to middle-income countries.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Analysis of 109 Demographic and Health Surveys in 54 countries conducted between 1991 and 2008. Study population consisted of a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of children aged 0 to 59 months born to mothers aged 15 to 49 years. Sample sizes were 2 661 519 (mortality), 587 096 (underweight), 558 347 (stunting), and 568 609 (wasting) children.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Likelihood of mortality, underweight, stunting, or wasting in children younger than 5 years.<h3>Results</h3>The mean response rate across surveys in the mortality data set was 92.8%. In adjusted models, a 1-cm increase in maternal height was associated with a decreased risk of child mortality (absolute risk difference [ARD], 0.0014; relative risk [RR], 0.988; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.987-0.988), underweight (ARD, 0.0068; RR, 0.968; 95% CI, 0.968-0.969), stunting (ARD, 0.0126; RR, 0.968; 95% CI, 0.967-0.968), and wasting (ARD, 0.0005; RR, 0.994; 95% CI, 0.993-0.995). Absolute risk of dying among children born to the tallest mothers (≥160 cm) was 0.073 (95% CI, 0.072-0.074) and to those born to the shortest mothers (&lt;145 cm) was 0.128 (95% CI, 0.126-0.130). Country-specific decrease in the risk for child mortality associated with a 1-cm increase in maternal height varied between 0.978 and 1.011, with the decreased risk being statistically significant in 46 of 54 countries (85%) (α = .05).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among 54 low- to middle-income countries, maternal stature was inversely associated with offspring mortality, underweight, and stunting in infancy and childhood.
Ticagrelor was more effective than clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes with planned invasive treatment
Authors: James M. Brophy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Cannon CP, Harrington RA, James S, et al. Comparison of ticagrelor with clopidogrel in patients with a planned invasive strategy for acute coronary syndromes (PLATO): a randomised double-blind study. Lancet. 2010;375:283-93. 20079528
Notes on Omnicura and Bracelin's Bactericide.
Authors: Martin Matter
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In this age of progress, when new inventions and discoveries follow one another so rapidly, it easily happens that some of the most marvelous are overlooked. Few in our profession are ignorant of the Roentgen rays and their value, but many are still unfamiliar with the Omnicura and Bracelin's bactericide, and with Mr. J. J. Russell, the genial and enterprising agent who offers these remedies to the public and the profession. This is not to be wondered at, as long as physicians continue to look for information in medical journals only, instead of perusing the "voice of the people" in the Chicago<i>Tribune</i>, where the marvelous cures effected by the Bracelin remedy may be daily read by a discriminating public. But like the violet which blooms in modest retirement, the "Omnicura" blushes almost unknown and unnoticed; our profession still lingers in total ignorance of its virtues, the
Backward luxation of the atlas. Two cases of an uncommon condition.
Authors: I C Isdale, A B Corrigan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

been investigated by several authors, particularly Martel (1961Martel ( , 1964)), Bland, Davis, London, Van Buskirk, and Duarte(1963), Serre, Simon, Janicot, and Levy (1964) and Conlon, Isdale, and Rose (1966).The features most characteristic are atlanto-axial sub- luxation, serial subluxation, and disc narrowing without osteophytosis.Atlanto-axial subluxation may be of any degree, and surprisingly is not usually associated with neurological abnormalities.Such subluxation is characterized by a forward movement of the atlas on the axis.Backward luxation is so rarely seen that the two following cases are thought worthy of report.CASE 1 A 57-year-old Caucasian male developed generalized joint pains at the age of 40, and since has had widespread rheumatoid involvement.He has had a full conservative regime of treatment, including salicylates, chloroquine, and myocrisin.He now has severe joint deformities, particularly of the hands (with ulnar deviation), feet, elbows, and hips.He has skin pigmentation, evidence of vasculitis in his fingers, and rheumatoid elbow nodules.Just before admission to the Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, a large ulcer on the medial aspect of his ankle had broken down.This had been present in 1966 when he had a 6-month course of oral corticosteroids while it healed.He has chronic neck pain radiating to the occipital area made worse by neck movements.The range of neck move- ment is almost full with only a little loss of rotation and FIG. 1 Case 1. Lateral view ofneck, showing disorganized atlanto-axial joint.
BRCA1 Mutation and Young Age Predict Fast Breast Cancer Growth in the Dutch, United Kingdom, and Canadian Magnetic Resonance Imaging Screening Trials
Authors: Madeleine M.A. Tilanus-Linthorst, Inge-Marie Obdeijn, Wim C.J. Hop, Petrina A. Causer, Martin O. Leach, Ellen Warner, Linda Pointon, Kimberley Hill, Jan G.M. Klijn, Ruth M.L. Warren, Fiona J. Gilbert
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening enables early detection of breast cancers in women with an inherited predisposition. Interval cancers occurred in women with a BRCA1 mutation, possibly due to fast tumor growth. We investigated the effect of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and age on the growth rate of breast cancers, as this may influence the optimal screening frequency. Experimental Design: We reviewed the invasive cancers from the United Kingdom, Dutch, and Canadian MRI screening trials for women at hereditary risk, measuring tumor size at diagnosis and on preceding MRI and/or mammography. We could assess tumor volume doubling time (DT) in 100 cancers. Results: Tumor DT was estimated for 43 women with a BRCA1 mutation, 16 women with a BRCA2 mutation, and 41 women at high risk without an identified mutation. Growth rate slowed continuously with increasing age (P = 0.004). Growth was twice as fast in BRCA1 (P = 0.003) or BRCA2 (P = 0.03) patients as in high-risk patients of the same age. The mean DT for women with BRCA1/2 mutations diagnosed at ages ≤40, 41 to 50, and &amp;gt;50 years was 28, 68, and 81 days, respectively, and 83, 121, and 173 days, respectively, in the high-risk group. Pathologic tumor size decreased with increasing age (P = 0.001). Median size was 15 mm for patients ages ≤40 years compared with 9 mm in older patients (P = 0.003); tumors were largest in young women with BRCA1 mutations. Conclusion: Tumors grow quickly in women with BRCA1 mutations and in young women. Age and risk group should be taken into account in screening protocols.
Innervation and responses to vasoactive drugs of the extrinsic uterine artery of the macaque
Authors: C. BELL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

The responses of isolated, perfused uterine arteries from two species of macaques to perivascular nerve stimulation and to vasoactive drugs have been compared with those previously obtained using similar preparations from men. Uterine arteries from nonpregnant monkeys exhibited dilator responses to nerve stimulation and to acetylcholine, and contained few, if any, beta-adrenoceptors. These properties are not shared by the uterine artery of man and cast doubt on the widely held premise that the physiological characteristics of sub-human primates are similar to those of humans.
Functions of G.M.C
Authors: V. D. Jones, H. C. Drysdale, R. B. Roe, R. Martlew, F. C. Rodger, K. I. Shimmings, A. C. Buck, J. F. Cam, M. C. T. Morrison, P. H. Denton, J. A. Ager, E. J. C. Wynne, A. G. Freeman, D. W. Hide, J. A. Waddell, K. D. Crow, C. M. Johnston, J. D. Strong, J. B. Stewart, P. H. Powley, P. C. B. Babington, L. Jones, I. Phalke, J. Hurley, G. G. Griffiths, A. H. Laing, C. Foote, W. J. O. Page, I. W. Young, J. H. Bergin, J. C. Jenkins, E. B. O. Smith, M. C. Waters
Journal: BMJ (1972)
Abstract P4-13-03: Hormone replacement therapy, is there an increased risk of in situ breast cancer ? data from a french cohort
Authors: F Coussy, S Giacchetti, A-S Hamy, R Porcher, C Cuvier, M Lalloum, A de Roquancourt, M Albiter, M Espié
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Few studies focus on correlation between HRT and in situ breast cancer A large cohort study, the Million Women Study (Reeves GK et al. Lancet Oncol. 2006) have shown that the use of HRT has been associated with an increased incidence of in situ breast cancer (RR = 1, 55, IC=1, 4–1,72, p = 0,03). Purpose: We investigated the association between HRT use and duration and in situ breast cancer incidence from a data base of infraclinic breast lesions. Materials &amp; Methods: From 2007 to 2011, 2708 patients (pts) with a non palpable breast lesion were referred to our breast disease unit for exploration (Saint Louis Hospital, Paris). Radiological abnormalities were screened by mammography and/or breast ultrasound, and/or MRI. Out of 2708 pts, 1668 had a biopsy. All biopsies were seen by an anatomopathologist dedicated to breast. Here, we focus on the 1017 postmenopausal women (61%). Results: Biopsies revaled invasive breast cancers in 222 pts (22%), in situ breast cancers in 164 pts (16%) [10 lobular in situ carcinoma and 154 ductal in situ carcinoma], high risk breast lesions in 103 pts (10%) and benign breast lesions in 528 patients (52%). Characteristics of the 164 patients with in situ breast cancer: median age 62 [IQR: 57 to 68], at least one pregnancy (mean number of pregnancies per woman, 1.6) 75,6%, family history of breast cancer:30,2%. Among these 164 patients, 42.6 % had used an oral contraceptive and 53% of them a HRT, with a mean duration of use of 7 years. The HRT use was not significantly associated with in situ breast cancer (p = 0.66) as well as the duration of HRT. Discussion: In this study of postmenopausal women, HRT use, whatever is the duration, was not associated with in situ breast cancer. Although a lack of statistical power may be invoked to explain these results, these findings suggest that the type of the HRT could be important to explain the difference between our study and the Million Women Study. In our study, the HRT used is in the majority of the pts, percutaneous oestrogens and natural progesterone as it is the most commun HRT used in France (Fournier A, Int J Cancer. 2005) during this period of time. Use and type of HRT are different in USA where conjugated estrogens and medroxy progestogerone acetate were commonly used. Conclusion: We therefore encourage further studies to better appreciate the links between type of HRTs and in situ breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-03.
Abstract C33: Akt-EphA2 signaling axis promotes diffuse infiltrative invasion of glioma in vivo and regulates glioma stem cell properties
Authors: Hui Miao, Nickolas W. Gale, Bingcheng Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most lethal types of human cancer. Diffuse infiltrative invasion is a major cause for the poor prognosis; however the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Using human glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) that recapitulate the highly invasive propensity of primary glioblastomas, we find that ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) critically regulates glioma invasion in vivo. ShRNA knockdown of EphA2 markedly diminished intracranial invasion. Conversely overexpression of EphA2 enhanced the invasion. The effects required Akt-mediated phosphorylation of EphA2 on serine 897. In vitro, the Akt-EphA2 signaling axis in GSCs was maintained in the absence of ephrin-A ligands and disrupted upon ligand stimulation. In accordance, GSCs invasion was significantly increased in brain slices from the Efna1;Efna3;Efna4 triple knockout mice compared with those from the wild type littermates. Mechanistically overexpression of wild type but not S897A mutant EphA2 promoted GSC self-renewal, which was correlated with the increased expression of stem cell markers. Taken together, the results show that EphA2 stimulates glioma invasiveness in vivo in cooperation with Akt, which is negatively regulated by ephrin-As in tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Hui Miao, Nickolas W. Gale, Bingcheng Wang. Akt-EphA2 signaling axis promotes diffuse infiltrative invasion of glioma in vivo and regulates glioma stem cell properties. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C33.