tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery rate for heavy menstrual bleeding varies widely across England and Wales, audit finds
Authors: A. Sayburn
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Alterations in scapular orientation and dynamic control, specifically involving increased anterior tilt and downward rotation, are considered to play a substantial role in contributing to a subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). Non-surgical intervention aims at restoring normal scapular posture. The research evidence supporting this practice is equivocal. <h3>Objective</h3> The aim of this study was to systematically review the relevant literature to examine whether a difference exists in scapular orientation between people without shoulder symptoms and those with SIS. <h3>Data sources</h3> MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro and SPORTDiscus databases were searched using relevant search terms up to August 2013. Additional studies were identified by hand-searching the reference lists of pertinent articles. <h3>Review methods</h3> Of the 7445 abstracts identified, 18 were selected for further analysis. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies for inclusion, data extraction and quality, using a modified Downs and Black quality assessment tool. <h3>Results</h3> 10 trials were included in the review. Scapular position was determined through two-dimensional radiological measurements, 360° inclinometers and three-dimensional motion and tracking devices. The findings were inconsistent. Some studies reported patterns of reduced upward rotation, increased anterior tilting and medial rotation of the scapula. In contrast, others reported the opposite, and some identified no difference in motion when compared to asymptomatic controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The underlying aetiology of SIS is still debated. The results of this review demonstrated a lack of consistency of study methodologies and results. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support a clinical belief that the scapula adopts a common and consistent posture in SIS. This may reflect the complex, multifactorial nature of the syndrome. Additionally, it may be due to the methodological variations and shortfalls in the available research. It also raises the possibility that deviation from a ‘normal’ scapular position may not be contributory to SIS but part of normal variations. Further research is required to establish whether a common pattern exists in scapular kinematics in SIS patients or whether subgroups of patients with common patterns can be identified to guide management options. Non-surgical treatment involving rehabilitation of the scapula to an idealised normal posture is currently not supported by the available literature.
An effective gene-knockdown using multiple shRNA-expressing adenovirus vectors
Authors: Yukari Motegi, Kazufumi Katayama, Fuminori Sakurai, Takuya Kato, Tomoko Yamaguchi, Hayato Matsui, Masahide Takahashi, Kenji Kawabata, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
ED-23 * ESTIMATING THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD CANCER IN THE UNITED STATES: YEARS OF LIFE LIVED WITH DISEASE AND YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST, 2009
Authors: Q. Ostrom, P. de Blank, C. Rouse, Y. Wolinsky, C. Kruchko, J. Salcido, J. Barnholtz-Sloan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death among children in the US, and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common type of solid cancer in children <20 years. Incidence rates and overall survival are commonly reported cancer statistics, but they may fail to capture the full impact of childhood cancers. We describe the Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) and Years of Life Lived with Disease (YLLD) in children <20 years of age in the US to better understand the public health, economic and personal impact of childhood cancer. METHODS: We examined mortality data due to neoplasm in 2009 among children <20 years old in both the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) datasets. Histology-specific YPLL and YLLD of CNS tumors, leukemias and lymphomas were measured using SEER data. RESULTS: There were 2,233 deaths and 153,390.4 YPLL due to neoplasm in 2009. CNS tumors were the largest cause of YPLL (31%). Among specific histologies examined, the greatest mean YPLL (mYPLL) was due to atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) (78 mYPLL) and high grade glioma (71 mYPLL). The histologies with the highest mean YLLD (mYLLD) were primitive neuroectodermal tumor (4.59 mYLLD), medulloblastoma (3.17 mYLLD) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (3.09 mYLLD); ATRT had the lowest (0.63 mYLLD). CONCLUSIONS: CNS tumors are the second most common malignancy in children but have the highest cost in YPLL. This study offers the first description of YPLL in childhood tumors defined by histology and proposes a new measure of cancer impact, YLLD. YPLL and YLLD complement the traditional indicators of mortality and help place CNS tumors in the context of other childhood malignancies.
Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy
Authors: Philip Raskin, Leslie Klaff, Janet McGill, Stephen A. South, Priscilla Hollander, Naum Khutoryansky, Paula M. Hale
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—An open-label, parallel-group, randomized, multicenter trial was conducted to compare efficacy and safety of repaglinide versus nateglinide, when used in a combination regimen with metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Enrolled patients (n = 192) had HbA1c &amp;gt;7% and ≤12% during previous treatment with a sulfonylurea, metformin, or low-dose Glucovance (glyburide ≤2.5 mg, metformin ≤500 mg). After a 4-week metformin run-in therapy period (doses escalated to 1,000 mg b.i.d.), patients were randomized to addition of repaglinide (n = 96) (1 mg/meal, maximum 4 mg/meal) or nateglinide (n = 96) (120 mg/meal, reduced to 60 mg if needed) to the regimen for 16 weeks. Glucose, insulin, and glucagon were assessed after a liquid test meal at baseline and week 16. RESULTS—Final HbA1c values were lower for repaglinide/metformin treatment than for nateglinide/metformin (7.1 vs. 7.5%). Repaglinide/metformin therapy showed significantly greater mean reductions of HbA1c (−1.28 vs. −0.67%; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (−39 vs. −21 mg/dl; P = 0.002). Self-monitoring of blood glucose profiles were significantly lower for repaglinide/metformin before breakfast, before lunch, and at 2:00 a.m. Changes in the area under the curve of postprandial glucose, insulin, or glucagon peaks after a test meal were not significantly different for the two treatment groups during this study. Median final doses were 5.0 mg/day for repaglinide and 360 mg/day for nateglinide. Safety assessments were comparable for the two regimens. CONCLUSIONS—The addition of repaglinide to metformin therapy resulted in reductions of HbA1c and FPG values that were significantly greater than the reductions observed for addition of nateglinide.
Overt bone marrow metastasis from early gastric cancer
Authors: S. Kang, J. Kim, H. Moon, H. Kang, S. Kim, J. Seong, B. Lee, H. Jeong, K. Song, S. Noh, K. Shin, J. Cho
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We report here a rare case of early gastric cancer associated with overt bone marrow metastasis in the form of osteoblastic lesions.
A National Strategy for Research in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Reply
Authors: Gail Weinmann
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —We appreciate the emphasis by Drs Murphy and Sethi on the need to understand and treat or prevent infectious exacerbations of COPD. We agree that better strategies and agents for the prevention of viral and bacterial invasion are needed. In our article we stated, Many aspects of the natural history of COPD need further study. We also commented on adhesion molecules and the role of leukocyte elastases in the pathogenesis of COPD.  We also emphasized elucidating other risk factors besides smoking in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and cited the critical role of antibiotics in another obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, in which bronchial suppuration demands antibiotic treatment, but indicated, Whether or not such would be the same in other patients remains to be tested. We commented that antibiotics are valuable in some patients with purulent bronchitis and also cited the same important reference, 1 as did Murphy and Sethi,
Mineralocorticoids and acidosis regulate H+/HCO3- transport of intercalated cells.
Authors: M Kuwahara, S Sasaki, F Marumo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The effects of acidosis and mineralocorticoids on cellular H+/HCO3- transport mechanisms were examined in intercalated cells of the outer stripe of outer medullary collecting duct (OMCDo) from rabbit. Intracellular pH (pHi) of intercalated cells was monitored by fluorescence ratio imaging using 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). pHi recovered from an acid load at 2.8 +/- 0.5 x 10(-3) pHU/s in the absence of ambient Na+. This pHi recovery rate was similar in chronic acidosis induced by NH4Cl loading, but it was enhanced (+111%) by treatment with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA). In a DOCA-treated group, luminal 10 microM SCH28080 and 0.1 mM omeprazole, H(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitors, did not change the pHi recovery rate, while luminal 0.5 mM N-ethylmaleimide blocked the rate by 68%. DOCA, but not acidosis, increased (approximately 40%) initial pHi response to bath HCO3- or Cl- reduction in Na(+)-free condition. After an acid load in the absence of Na+ and HCO3-, pHi response to basolateral Na+ addition was stimulated (+66%) by acidosis, but not by DOCA. Our results suggest that (a) mineralocorticoids stimulate H+/HCO3- transport mechanisms involved in transepithelial H+ secretion, i.e., a luminal NEM-sensitive H+ pump and basolateral Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange; and (b) acidosis enhances the activity of basolateral Na(+)-H+ exchange that may be responsible for pHi regulation.
Multiple myeloma associated with diffuse osteosclerotic bone lesions: A clinical entity distinct from osteosclerotic myeloma (POEMS syndrome)
Authors: Martha Q. Lacy, Morie A. Gertz, Curtis A. Hanson, David J. Inwards, Robert A. Kyle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Multiple myeloma usually is characterized by the development of lytic bone lesions. Osteosclerotic myeloma is a rare entity characterized by a single or multiple osteosclerotic bone lesions and often accompanied by a demyelinating polyneuropathy. Multiple myeloma associated with widespread osteosclerotic lesions seen on radiographic studies is exceedingly rare. We describe 3 such cases and review 12 other cases described in the literature. Overall, the patients described herein had a clinical course that resembled multiple myeloma more than osteosclerotic myeloma. However, some patients had features of both diseases. Although rare, multiple myeloma should be included in the differential diagnosis of widespread osteosclerotic bone lesions. Am. J. Hematol. 56:288–293, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Single cell origin of multilineage colonies in culture. Evidence that differentiation of multipotent progenitors and restriction of proliferative potential of monopotent progenitors are stochastic processes.
Authors: A G Leary, M Ogawa, L C Strauss, C I Civin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

In this paper, we report analysis of differentiation in human hemopoietic colonies derived from a single cell. Cord blood mononulear cells and panned My-10 antigen-positive bone marrow and cord blood cells were plated in methylcellulose medium containing erythropoietin and conditioned medium. Initially, we performed mapping studies to identify candidate colony-forming cells. Subsequently, using a micromanipulator, we transferred single cells individually to 35-mm dishes for analysis of colony formation. Cellular composition of the colony was determined by identifying all of the cells in the May-Grunwald-Giemsa stained preparation. Of 150 single candidate cells replated, 63 produced colonies. The incidences of single lineage colonies included 19 erythroid, 17 monocyte-macrophage, and 9 eosinophil colonies. There were 18 mixed hemopoietic colonies consisting of cells in two, three, four, and five lineages in varying combinations. In some instances, we noted the predominance of one lineage and the presence of very small populations of cells in a second or third lineage. These results provide evidence for the single-cell origin of human multilineage hemopoietic colonies, and are consistent with the stochastic model of stem cell differentiation in man. They also indicate that restriction of the proliferative potential of committed progenitors is a stochastic process.
On-demand analgesia equipment.
Authors: M Darbyshire
Journal: BMJ (1979)

article (29 September, p 751)-never "give a moment's thought to its precise definition" are perhaps wiser than they know.Disease is one of those words best not defined.The same is true of health.What could be more fatuous than the famous definition of health made years ago by the World Health Organisation: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity"?
Three babies die in pseudomonas outbreak at Belfast neonatal unit
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Investigators are trying to identify the most likely source of the pseudomonas outbreak in the neonatal unit of the Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital in Belfast in which three babies died. All three babies were premature and were in the neonatal intensive care unit.

The hospital has confirmed that a further three premature babies were also infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Of these one has died from other causes and two have recovered. Another five babies have the bacterium on their skin, but this is not causing active infection. The remaining babies in the neonatal unit have no sign of infection.

The hospital said that it had now carried out biodecontamination of the intensive care part of the neonatal unit. …
Screening for HIV in Pregnant Women: Systematic Review to Update the 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation
Authors: Roger Chou, Amy G. Cantor, Bernadette Zakher, Christina Bougatsos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: A 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) review found good evidence that prenatal HIV screening is accurate and can lead to interventions that reduce the risk for mother-to-child transmission. Purpose: To update the 2005 USPSTF review, focusing on previously identified research gaps and new evidence on treatments. Data Sources: MEDLINE (2004 to June 2012) and the Cochrane Library (2005 to the second quarter of 2012). Study Selection: Randomized trials and cohort studies of pregnant women on risk for mother-to-child transmission or harms associated with prenatal HIV screening or antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. Data Extraction: 2 reviewers abstracted and confirmed study details and quality by using predefined criteria. Data Synthesis: No studies directly evaluated effects of prenatal HIV screening on risk for mother-to-child transmission or maternal or infant clinical outcomes. One fair-quality, large cohort study (HIV prevalence, 0.7%) found that rapid testing during labor was associated with a positive predictive value of 90%. New cohort studies of nonbreastfeeding women in the United States and Europe confirm that full-course combination antiretroviral therapy reduces rates of mother-to-child transmission (<1% to 2.4% vs. 9% to 22% with no antiretroviral therapy). New cohort studies found antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy to be associated with increased risk for preterm delivery (<37 weeks' gestation); there were no clear associations with low birthweight, congenital abnormalities, or infant neurodevelopment. Evidence on long-term maternal harms after short-term antiretroviral therapy exposure during pregnancy remains sparse. Limitations: Only English-language articles were included. Studies conducted in resource-poor settings may be of limited applicability to screening in the United States. Conclusion: Antiretroviral therapy in combination with avoidance of breastfeeding and elective cesarean section in women with viremia reduces risk for mother-to-child transmission. Use of certain antiretroviral therapy regimens during pregnancy may increase risk for preterm delivery. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of rectosigmoid colon treated with<i>n</i>-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injections
Authors: J. Żurakowski, P. Świercz, T. Wróblewski, R. Paluszkiewicz, W. Patkowski, P. Smoter, K. Dudek, D. Leonowicz, I. Nawrot, B. Ziarkiewicz-Wróblewska, J. Szmidt
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Diffuse cavernous hemangioma is an uncommon disease defined as benign vascular malformations. About 200 cases of diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum have been reported in the literature. The clinical presentation is repetitive painless rectal bleeding causing anemia [1] [2] [3] [4].
Renin and Acute Renal Failure: Studies in Man
Authors: J. J. Brown, R. I. Gleadle, D. H. Lawson, A. F. Lever, A. L. Linton, R. F. Macadam, E. Prentice, J. I. S. Robertson, M. Tree
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Plasma renin concentration was increased, usually appreciably, in 22 out of 25 patients with acute renal failure, the average value being 226 units/litre (mean for normal subjects 8.2 units/1.). The highest renin values were found in the first 10 days of the disease; lower and sometimes normal values were found subsequently. Unequivocal acute tubular necrosis was present in only two of the eight cases examined post mortem.These findings are compatible with Goormaghtigh's proposal that an excess of renin and angiotensin may act within the kidney to produce acute renal failure.
Combination Chemotherapy of Lymphomas Other Than Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: RICHARD S. STEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The efficacy and toxicity of two regimens of combination chemotherapy were compared in patients with lymphoma, other than Hodgkin's disease, in pathologic stage IV. Patients were assigned by unrestricted randomization to receive either vincristine and prednisone or cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (COPP). Patients who didn't have complete remission on vincristine and prednisone were switched to COPP. In the randomized trial COPP was superior to vincristine and prednisone, in the rates of induction of complete remission, which were 58% and 14%, respectively (P < 0.005). Of 32 patients receiving COPP, the rate of induction of complete remission was 59% and the median length of complete remission was greater than 18 months. COPP produced a complete remission in 18 of 26 patients with lymphoma other than histiocytic lymphoma. These results compare favorably with those of previously reported regimens. The value of COPP in patients with lymphoma seems to have been shown.
Improving the Quality of Life during Chemotherapy for Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: A Coates, V Gebski, J F Bishop, P N Jeal, R L Woods, R Snyder, M H Tattersall, M Byrne, V Harvey, G Gill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Since chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer is not curative, consideration of the quality of life is important in selecting a treatment regimen. We conducted a randomized trial comparing continuous chemotherapy, administered until disease progression was evident, with intermittent therapy, whereby treatment was stopped after three cycles and then repeated for three more cycles only when there was evidence of disease progression. Each approach was tested with doxorubicin combined with cyclophosphamide or with cyclophosphamide combined with methotrexate, fluorouracil, and prednisone. Intermittent therapy resulted in a significantly worse response (P = 0.02 by Man–Whitney test), a significantly shorter time to disease progression (relative risk based on proportional-hazards model, 1.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 2.4), and a trend toward shorter survival (relative risk, 1.3; confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.6). The quality of life was expressed as linear-analogue self-assessment scores for physical well-being, mood, pain, and appetite and as a quality-of-life index. It improved significantly during the first three cycles, when all patients received treatment. Thereafter, intermittent therapy was associated with worse scores for physical wellbeing (by 23 percent of scale; 95 percent confidence interval, 11 to 35 percent), mood (25 percent; 13 to 37 percent), and appetite (12 percent; 0 to 24 percent) and for the quality-of-life index as indicated by the patient (14 percent; 5 to 23 percent) and the physician (16 percent; 7 to 26 percent). Changes in the quality of life were independent prognostic factors in proportional-hazards models of subsequent survival. We conclude that, as tested, continuous chemotherapy is better than intermittent chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1490–5.)
Allergy and Enlarged Adenoids
Authors: Lawrence S. Loesel
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The answers by Drs Voss and Healy to the inquiry by Dr Maloney regarding obstructed breathing and dental malocclusion<sup>1</sup>prompts a response. During the past nine years we have examined 1673 adenoid tissues by an immunofluorescence method. The principal finding of this technique has been the demonstration of fluorescent mast-cell membrame-bound IgE (FIEMC) in conventional formalinfixed trypsinized tissue sections. The sensitivity and specificity in detection of upper airway allergy cases are 58% and 89%, respectively.<sup>2</sup>Overall incidence of FIEMC positivity is 16%. Of 1382 cases for which we have follow-up in FIEMC-positive cases, 19 boys and 18 girls were referred by orthodontists, pediatricians, or family physicians because of malocclusive problems. An additional 15 children had mouth breathing as a significant entry in their histories. Although we do not have complete historical information for those children who are FIEMC negative, we believe that the incidence of
Partial unilateral lentiginosis associated with blue naevi
Authors: J.E. HOLDER, R.A.C. GRAHAM-BROWN, R.D.R. CAMP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Summary We report a patient with unilateral lentiginosis and blue naevi. This association has not been reported previously. Additional clinical features included right bundle branch block and lateral popliteal nerve palsy.
Telangiectatic metastatic breast carcinoma preceded by en cuirasse metastatic breast carcinoma
Authors: J-H. Lin, J.y-Y. Lee, S-C. Chao, C-J. Tsao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Telangiectatic metastatic breast carcinoma preceded by en cuirasse metastatic breast carcinoma Get access J‐H. Lin, J‐H. Lin Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.y‐Y. Lee, J.y‐Y. Lee Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, Departments of Dermatology J. Y‐Y, Lee, E‐mail: yylee@mail.ncku.edu.tw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S‐C. Chao, S‐C. Chao Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C‐J. Tsao C‐J. Tsao Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 2, 1 August 2004, Pages 523–524, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06140.x Published: 01 August 2004