tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF THE BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF PHAGOCYTIN
Authors: James G. Hirsch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

The bactericidal activity of phagocytin on Gram-negative enteric bacilli is influenced by the reaction of the medium; the more acid the environment, the more marked is the activity. Phagocytin exerts approximately the same action whether citrate, acetate, or phosphate salts are used as buffer, and the addition of glucose, casein hydrolysate, or cation binding agents does not produce notable change. Although proteins in general have but little effect, the inclusion in the medium of a high concentration of bovine plasma albumin neutralizes the lethal action of phagocytin on enteric bacilli. Very high concentrations of magnesium or calcium ions antagonize but do not completely block the bactericidal effect. The bactericidal activity of phagocytin is essentially independent of the numbers of bacteria exposed; a 100-fold increase m the numbers of enteric bacilli results in approximately a 2-fold increase in the concentration of phagocytin required to kill 90 per cent of them. When susceptible microorganisms are exposed to phagocytin at 0 degrees C., practically no killing takes place. At higher temperatures the bactericidal action is rapid, being well advanced in 5 minutes and complete within 30 minutes.
Rehabilitation of Asthmatic Patients
Authors: Merle S. Scherr
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to make a few comments on the article by McElhenney and Petersen entitled "Physical Fitness for Asthmatic Boys" (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:142 [July 13] 1963). Because of the widespread interest of physicians and others in the rehabilitation of patients with bronchial asthma and other pulmonary diseases, the American Academy of Allergy has created a Committee on Rehabilitation which is compiling a directory of rehabilitation centers and physical conditioning programs for asthmatic patients in the US. The committee is also attempting to facilitate exchange of information among investigators working in this field leading to the establishment of basic standards. There are three basic types of rehabilitation programs for asthmatics now being actively conducted: (1) in-patient type, (2) in-patient-out-patient type, and (3) out-patient type. Drs. McElhenney and Petersen are conducting a program of the out-patient type, which has been demonstrated to be the most practical in that it
Abstract 5412: Synergistic interactions between histone deacetylase inhibitors and aurora kinase inhibitor KW2449 Ph+ cells
Authors: Tri K. Nguyen, Sarah Kolla, Yun Dai, Steven Grant
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib) remains a major therapeutic challenge in Bcr/abl+ leukemia. Consequently, novel and more effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed in this setting. KW-2449 is a multi-kinase inhibitor which inhibits Bcr/abl, aurora kinase, and FLT3, among other targets, and which has shown activity against T315I “gatekeeper” mutant Bcr/abl cells. Previous studies have shown that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) such as vorinostat sharply promote the antileukemic effects of Bcr/abl and aurora kinase inhibitors such as MK-0457 in CML cells (Dai et al., Blood 112:793-804, 2008). However, MK-0457 is not currently under clinical development. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of HDACIs (e.g., SBHA, MS-275) on responses to the dual aurora kinase-Bcr/abl inhibitor (KW-2449) in various Bcr/Abl + cells. Coadministration of HDACIs synergistically increased KW-2449 lethality in CML (K562, LAMA84) and Ph+ ALL cells (TOM-1, SD-1, SUP-B15, BV173). Notably, HDACI/KW-2449 regimens were also highly active against multiple imatinib resistant cells including BV-173/E255K, BaF3/Bcr-Abl/T315I, as well as Bcr/Abl -overexpressing and Bcr/abl-independent K562 cells. Combined treatment with HDACIs and KW-2449 was associated with inactivation and down-regulation of Bcr/Abl and its downstream target CrkL in CML and ALL cell lines including BaF3/T315I. Moreover treatment with KW-2449/HDACi resulted in a pronounced increase in DNA damage (γH2A.X) documented by Western blot and confocal microscopy. In addition, coadministration of HDACIs and KW-2449 strikingly blocked phosphorylation of histone H3, a marker of aurora kinase inhibition, and diminished HDACI-induced p21CIP1 expression. Notably, down-regulation of Bim by siRNA significantly diminished the lethality of the HDACI/KW-2449 regimen. Treatment of K562 cells with HDACIs alone resulted in G1S arrest, an effect abrogated by KW-2449, and which resulted in pronounced cellular endoreduplication. Furthermore, knockdown of either Aurora A or Aurora B in K562 cells dramatically increased the HDACI-mediated cell death. Finally, cotreatment with KW-2449 and HDACIs significantly increased cell death in seven CML primary samples (including both naïve and imatinib-resistant specimens, one carrying the I242T, Y257C mutations) compared to treatment with either agent alone, while exhibiting minimal toxicity to normal CD34+ progenitors. Together, these findings indicate that HDACIs strikingly increase KW-2449 activity against IM-sensitive and -resistant Bcr/Abl+ cells, and suggest that this strategy warrants further attention in Bcr/abl+ leukemias. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5412.
Abstract A19: Lung cancers taken from autopsies express more tumor antigens than those taken from surgical resections: Implications for immunoprevention
Authors: Lisheng Ge, Nils Lambrecht, Yi Ouyang, Neil Hoa, Longchaun Chen, Xiamong Deng, Maria Dacosta-Iyer, Sandor Szabo, Martin Robert Jadus
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lung cancers are fatal cancers, even if caught early, since some cancer cells have spread by the time they are detected. Some lung cancer patients treated by immunotherapy have improved their survival. A limited number of tumor-associated antigens (TA), both humoral-based and cell-mediated antigens, are known for lung cancers. The identification of more relevant antigens will allow better immunotherapies to be developed. We analyzed adenocarcinomas and small cell lung cancers taken from surgical resections or from autopsies to determine the prevalent antigens by using quantitative real time PCR techniques for 43 putative tumor antigens. We compared these tumor-derived profiles with normal lung cell expression. The data fell into 3 profiles where: 1) both tumors were positive for 18 TA; 2) only SCLC expressed 14 TA; 3) a group of 10 TA that had no differences. The lung tumor samples taken at autopsy, expressed a higher number of TA and expressed more mRNA TA than those taken from surgical resections. Blotting techniques using the specimens from the lung cancer autopsies confirmed increased expression of the tumor antigen precursor proteins when compared to the normal lung. Use of two lung cancer cell lines also independently confirmed the presence of these proteins. These data suggest that human lung cancers at the time of death are more antigenic than those taken at an earlier stage. This type of tumor taken at autopsy might provide more targets for vaccine generation and allow the concept of immunoprevention to be used in lung cancer patients.
Cystatin D is a candidate tumor suppressor gene induced by vitamin D in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Silvia ρlvarez-Díaz, Noelia Valle, José Miguel García, Cristina Peña, José M.P. Freije, Víctor Quesada, Aurora Astudillo, Félix Bonilla, Carlos López-Otín, Alberto Muñoz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The active vitamin D metabolite 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3] has wide but not fully understood antitumor activity. A previous transcriptomic analysis of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 action on human colon cancer cells revealed cystatin D (CST5), which encodes an inhibitor of several cysteine proteases of the cathepsin family, as a candidate target gene. Here we report that 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 induced vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding to, and activation of, the CST5 promoter and increased CST5 RNA and protein levels in human colon cancer cells. In cells lacking endogenous cystatin D, ectopic cystatin D expression inhibited both proliferation in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, cystatin D inhibited migration and anchorage-independent growth, antagonized the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and repressed c-MYC expression. Cystatin D repressed expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducers SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, and ZEB2 and, conversely, induced E-cadherin and other adhesion proteins. CST5 knockdown using shRNA abrogated the antiproliferative effect of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3, attenuated E-cadherin expression, and increased c-MYC expression. In human colorectal tumors, expression of cystatin D correlated with expression of VDR and E-cadherin, and loss of cystatin D correlated with poor tumor differentiation. Based on these data, we propose that CST5 has tumor suppressor activity that may contribute to the antitumoral action of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in colon cancer.
Key References in Internal Medicine: An Annotated Guide
Authors: J. William Hollingsworth
Journal: JAMA (1983)

I accepted the task of reviewing<i>Key References in Internal Medicine</i>and was overwhelmed when a large packet of paperback books arrived—<i>Key References</i>in each of the major medical subspecialties, in<i>Nephrology, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, Pulmonary Medicine, Cardiology, Infectious Diseases, Hematology</i>, and<i>Oncology</i>. The format is a selection of pertinent references in each subspecialty with a brief summary of the article in about five to 15 lines. The length of the volumes seemed appropriate to the breadth of the subject matter, with<i>Rheumatology</i>thin (41 pages) and<i>Cardiology</i>considerably more corpulent (236 pages) and the other volumes intermediate in size. The genesis of this series is not clear to this reviewer because there is no overall preface. My guess is that all the authors were fellows in their respective subspecialties at Massachusetts General Hospital (or other Boston institutions) during the period 1975 through 1979. Almost all of the references
US body demands tougher global response to "bad drugs"
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The US Institute of Medicine has called for tighter controls on the manufacturing and distribution of drugs in an effort to counter growing theft, adulteration, careless manufacture, and fraudulent labeling of medicines.

The institute’s global report, Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs ,1 commissioned by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and published last week, says, “Deaths from fake drugs go largely uncounted, to say nothing of the excess morbidity, time, and money wasted by using them.” 

“Bad drugs” once were thought to be primarily a problem for lower and middle income countries. The US once manufactured most of what it consumed and …
In vitro/in vivo correlations between transdermal delivery of 5-aminolaevulinic acid and cutaneous protoporphyrin IX accumulation and effect of formulation
Authors: J-C. Tsai, I-H. Chen, T-W. Wong, Y-L. Lo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical application of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) has been widely reported for the treatment of a variety of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic cutaneous diseases. Although different formulations containing variable amounts of ALA have been applied in PDT, the dose–response relationships between transdermal ALA delivery and cutaneous protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation have not been studied. Objectives and methods The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of permeability barrier function, ALA concentration and formulation on the in vitro penetration of ALA through nude mouse skin and cutaneous PpIX formation at 2 h following a 2‐h application of ALA to nude mouse skin in vivo, and to delineate the relationships in between. Results Results demonstrated that variations in barrier integrity, in addition to ALA concentration, profoundly influenced ALA delivery to generate PpIX. Saturable correlations were found to exist between PpIX concentrations in both the epidermis and dermis in vivo and its transdermal flux in vitro, and the relationships were well described by the Emax model. The established correlations based on pure aqueous solutions were applicable to different formulations containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as the gelling agent and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid as the iron chelator. Moreover, incorporation of desferrioxamine, another iron chelator, in the formulation prolonged cutaneous PpIX accumulation in the skin in comparison with 3% ALA aqueous solution, but the peak PpIX levels were not increased. Application of a liposomal formulation resulted in similar prolongation in ALA‐induced PpIX accumulation, as well as better epidermal targeting. Conclusions Knowledge of the dose–response relationships and the effect of formulation is important for designing optimal formulations and treatment schedules for topical ALA‐PDT.
Respiratory infections and asthma
Authors: M. Errico, B. Andrea, D. D'auria, M. Gennaro
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Clinical and experimental evidence suggests an important role for respiratory infections in the development of asthma attacks. Viral upper respiratory infections have been associated with 80% of asthma exacerbations in children and 50% of all asthma episodes in adults. Human rhinovirus has been implicated as the principal virus associated with asthma episodes. Separate studies indicate that atypical bacteria such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae may precipitate asthma symptoms. Although not completely clarified, the intricate pathogenetic mechanisms by which viral infections promote asthma attacks have been extensively investigated in recent years. By contrast, it has not yet been established whether atypical bacterial infections are an epiphenomenon or a pathogenic event in asthma.
Lymphomatoid papulosis followed by large-cell lymphoma: immunophenotypical and genotypical analysis
Authors: P. KAUDEWITZ, H. HERBST, I. ANAGNOSTOPOULOS, F. ECKERT, O. BRAUN-FALCO, H. STEIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The immunophenotype and genotype of atypical cells in skin and lymph node infiltrates were investigated in a patient with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) complicated by anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of the lymph nodes. The large atypical cells in both skin and lymph nodes displayed an almost identical immunophenotype, i.e. CD30+ and CD25+ .Southern blot analysis for T-cell receptor β-chain gene rearrangement revealed an identical gene configuration in DNA extracted from skin and lymph node. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that clonal populations of T cells arising in cutaneous LyP lesions may undergo malignant transformation, spread into regional lymph nodes, and give rise to secondary malignant lymphomas, such as anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.
Biliary Findings Assist in Predicting Enlargement of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Juntaro Matsuzaki, Hidekazu Suzuki, Shigeo Okuda, Akihiro Tanimoto, Keiko Asakura, Seiichiro Fukuhara, Sawako Okada, Kenro Hirata, Hideki Mori, Tatsuhiro Masaoka, Hajime Higuchi, Shigenari Hozawa, Sachio Kuribayashi, Toru Takebayashi, Toshifumi Hibi
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Evolution of autoimmune hepatitis to primary sclerosing cholangitis: A sequential syndrome
Authors: A Abdo
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Recently, the autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)/primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) overlap syndrome has been reported increasingly. In this syndrome, patients present with features of both AIH and PSC. It has been suggested that the 2 diseases may be sequential in their occurrence, whereby patients have features of AIH and then after a number of years develop features of PSC, but clear confirmation of evolution has not been documented in adults. We describe 6 adult cases in which PSC was diagnosed many years after well-established AIH. Six patients are described in whom AIH definitely was diagnosed at presentation. No evidence of biliary disease was noted on the initial liver biopsy or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP). All patients responded well to immunosuppressive therapy. After an average duration of follow-up of 4.6 years they became resistant to immunosuppression, and developed clear features of PSC, which was confirmed by ERCP in all patients. The average age of the patients at first presentation was 31.3 years, 2 were women and 4 were men, and 3 had ulcerative colitis. We found no specific features at presentation that could predict this evolutionary outcome. In conclusion, patients with well-established AIH can, after variable duration of follow-up, develop PSC. In patients with AIH who become resistant to immunosuppression of develop significant cholestasis, PSC should be ruled out by ERCP. (HEPATOLOGY2002;36:1393–1399).
Is Pancreatic Cancer a Preventable Disease?
Authors: Susan M. Gapstur
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Familial Pathways to Suicidal Behavior — Understanding and Preventing Suicide among Adolescents
Authors: David A Brent, J John Mann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 16-year-old boy whose brother recently committed suicide is seen in the emergency room after slashing his wrists. He reports having felt severely depressed and hopeless since his brother died and has markedly increased his alcohol intake. His depression actually began 4 years ago, after the death of his father, and has continued unabated. The patient has a history of being disciplined for fighting in school, usually after being teased or provoked by his peers. Immediately before his suicide attempt, he had a fight with his girlfriend, his mood plummeted, and he decided that he might as well be dead. . . .
A NEW DAYLIGHT LAMP FOR ACTINOTHERAPY AND GENERAL ILLUMINATION
Authors: A. Eidinow
Journal: BMJ (1929)

II I iDi LJo awAThe specimen consisted of the left tube and mesosalpinx, together with an ovarian cystadenoma measuring 8 by 9 by 8 inches, which contained 4 pints 10 ounces of dark-coloured fluid.The cyst wall was mostly thin, but in one moderately lua ge area the wall was heavily infiltrated with blood and n-easured 1 inch in thickness.-:The remains of broken-down septa could be seen on the innier surface of the cyst, but there were no papillomata.The -microscopic sections a-re of very little interest, and show chiefly fibrous tissue infiltrated with blood.The patient made an uninterrupted recovery, the temperature niever rising above 99.20.Without borrowing too mlluclh from the above-menitioned article by Dr. Spencer, it may be of interest that this case is similar in several poinlts to some of those he mentionis.Tlhus-hlo points out-that miialignancy is rale (4 per cent.); that tlle cheerful woman who is-not too fat is a good subject for operation despite lher age; that no time should be wasted.at the operation-; and that the after-care is very im-portant, for there is a liability to chest comiplications anid melntal disturbance in these old women.CASE II.J. W., a widow, aged 71, had never been pregnant.She passed through the menopause when 48 years of age.She was first seen in the medical out-patient department because she hiad had pain-in the small of the back for three d-ays.Some five and a half weeks previously she-had had an -attack of diarrhoea lasting for sixteen days.The importance of this symptomi will be realized.Usually her bowels were opened
ASYMPTOMATIC FRACTURES IN OSTEOPOROTIC SPINES OF THE AGED
Authors: J. Gershon-Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Asymptomatic vertebral fractures in osteoporotic spines of the aged stand out in sharp contrast to the urgency and seriousness of acutely traumatized spines in younger persons. The peculiarities of these fractures form the basis of this report. In the Home for the Jewish Aged, in Philadelphia, 136 residents were selected for study because they were ambulatory and in good health. Their ages ranged from 63 to 95 years. Anteroposterior and lateral x-ray examinations of the spine were made as part of the clinical survey in each case.  RESULTS  Fractures were found in 35 (25.7%) of the 136 cases, in 11 (20%) of the 54 men and in 24 (29%) of the 82 women (table 1). Single fractures in the dorsal spine alone occurred in 14 cases and in the lumbar spine in 7 cases. When multiple fractures were present, they were confined to the dorsal spine, in 6 cases, or
Antibiotic combination in staphylococcal infections.
Authors: R J Bulger
Journal: BMJ (1967)

types suggests that these facts are causally related.Coughing, a regular accompaniment of smoking in many people, may be a con- tributory factor in the detachment of ciliated epithelium.These may be some of the " other possible factors " postulated by Dr. Glass to which smokers are more liable than non-smokers.-Iam, etc., Glasgow W.2.
Static and Moving Frontiers: The Genetic Landscape of Southern African Bantu-Speaking Populations
Authors: Sarah J Marks, Francesco Montinaro, Hila Levy, Francesca Brisighelli, Gianmarco Ferri, Stefania Bertoncini, Chiara Batini, George B J Busby, Charles Arthur, Peter Mitchell, Brian A Stewart, Ockie Oosthuizen, Erica Oosthuizen, Maria Eugenia D'Amato, Sean Davison, Vincenzo Pascali, Cristian Capelli
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

A consensus on Bantu-speaking populations being genetically similar has emerged in the last few years, but the demographic scenarios associated with their dispersal are still a matter of debate. The frontier model proposed by archeologists postulates different degrees of interaction among incoming agropastoralist and resident foraging groups in the presence of "static" and "moving" frontiers. By combining mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome data collected from several southern African populations, we show that Bantu-speaking populations from regions characterized by a moving frontier developing after a long-term static frontier have larger hunter-gatherer contributions than groups from areas where a static frontier was not followed by further spatial expansion. Differences in the female and male components suggest that the process of assimilation of the long-term resident groups into agropastoralist societies was gender biased. Our results show that the diffusion of Bantu languages and culture in Southern Africa was a process more complex than previously described and suggest that the admixture dynamics between farmers and foragers played an important role in shaping the current patterns of genetic diversity.