tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thymic Tumor and Erythroblastic Aplasia
Authors: C. William H. Havard
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE ASSOCIATION of a thymic tumor with selective aplasia of erythrocytes has aroused considerable interest over the last decade. Our knowledge of the syndrome has recently been reviewed. One of the curious features of this association is that erythroblastic aplasia may follow some years after the removal of a symptomless thymic tumor, although this has only been reported on 2 occasions. We feel that the following case is worthy of note, as it provides a further instance of this latent interval. Furthermore, remission of erythropoietic failure was achieved by splenectomy and steroid therapy, although neither treatment had been effective by itself. Report of a Case A 53-year-old woman with dyspepsia was examined in December, 1954. There were no physical signs of disease and no evidence of myasthenia, nor was there anemia (hemoglobin 14.5 gm/100 ml.). A radiograph of the chest showed a smooth, lobulated tumor in the anterior mediastinum. A
GPs are disappointed at review body on out of hours General practice should encourage physical activity Labour party survey identifies GPs' problems Minister accepts scrutiny team proposals
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1996)

# GPs are disappointed at review body on out of hours {#article-title-2}

The Doctors' and Dentists' Review Body has failed to produce a supplementary report giving the value of general practitioners' out of hours work, but it has agreed to “a broad ranging appraisal.” This will start immediately, will be funded by the review body, and will be available in time for the 1997 report. As a result of the survey and further evidence from the government and the profession the review body will decide whether it is possible to put a notional price on out of hours work and responsibility.

At its February meeting the General Medical Services Committee had called for a report by the middle of May (24 February, p 465) and many speakers at last week's meeting were disappointed that this had not appeared. They were worried how the failure would be perceived in the profession and at the local medical committee conference in June. Dr Peter Fellows (Gloucester) believed that the government had diffused the situation by agreeing to the £45m development funding for out of hours services. He believed that in hours work should be priced.

But Dr Brian Gibbons (Port Talbot) said that he was not surprised that the review body did not want to drink at the poisoned chalice of pricing out of hours. “It will be impossible to come up with a figure that will be acceptable throughout the country,” he said. The review body was asked for a price for individual doctors; out of hours was becoming a suprapractice activity.

One of the deputy chairmen, Dr Judy Gilley, agreed that …
Plasma-Derived vs Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine
Authors: Robert J. Gerety
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent editorial by Hollinger<sup>1</sup>accompanied an article by Stevens and collegues<sup>2</sup>that demonstrated protective efficacy of a yeastrecombinant vaccine in preventing perinatal acquisition of hepatitis B. In comparing plasma-derived (Heptavax-B) and yeast-derived (Recombivax-HB) vaccines, the editorial raised some concerns about differences with respect to physicochemical properties and immunogenicity. Differences in physicochemical properties have been shown to be irrelevant to the utility of these vaccines in extensive clinical studies. While the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) polypeptides in yeast-derived vaccines are uniformly nonglycosylated, 70% to 80% of those in the plasma-derived vaccine are also nonglycosylated such that nonglycosylated polypeptides preponderate in both products. Reflecting this fact, antibodies induced by both vaccines have been shown to be indistinguishable in terms of affinity, avidity, and epitope specificity, particularly toward groupspecific a-epitopes; they also cross-react completely in vitro.<sup>3</sup>The association of HBsAg with lipids is essential for
Teleradiology for a Family Practice Center.
Authors: E. A. Franken, Charles E. Driscoll, Kevin S. Berbaum, Wilbur L. Smith, Yutaka Sato, Lawrence W. Steinkraus, Simon C. S. Kao
Journal: JAMA (1989)

WE STUDIED the effect of teleradiology (TR) for radiological consultation in a real life situation with an independent family practice center. The hypotheses tested were (1) that TR provides acceptable diagnostic accuracy and (2) that timely radiological consultation is of value to the family practitioner. In prospective and controlled fashion we performed parallel interpretation of roentgenograms and TR images of these roentgenograms. In addition to evaluating the accuracy of the radiological consultation, we investigated the impact of this report on the family practice physician and patient. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS</h3> The family practice center of the University of Iowa, Iowa City, is an autonomous, separate unit of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. The study group consisted of 200 consecutive patients who underwent radiography at the family practice center. The study was limited to roentgenograms of the chest and extremities, consistent with radiation protection laws and practice styles in Iowa.
On with the new
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2002)

For a year we were without students, but a long curricular upheaval has worked its way through to the point at which our youngest colleagues are with us once more.

The fallow year was strange. Of course we missed them, but as busy doctors we found many other things to do in the time once devoted to their improvement. But they are among us again now, brightening up our lives.

They are young, gifted, and confident, their idealism …
The Reduction of Glyceraldehyde by Human Erythrocytes L-HEXONATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY
Authors: E. Beutler, E. Guinto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Incubation of red cell suspensions with D-glyceraldehyde resulted in disappearance of glyceraldehyde and appearance of glycerol. Concomitantly, there was an increase of CO(2) formation from glucose. This indicated that the reduction of glyceraldehyde to glycerol occurred through a NADPH-linked system. Studies in hemolysates revealed the presence of an enzyme with the capacity to catalyze the reduction of glyceraldehyde to glycerol by NADPH. This enzyme was partially purified by DEAE chromatography. The elution pattern of the enzyme and its kinetic characteristics indicated that the enzyme was L-hexonate dehydrogenase (L-gulonate: NADP oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.19), not aldose reductase (Alditol: NADP oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21), which had previously been thought present in erythrocytes. The reduction of glyceraldehyde to glycerol is one of a number of pathways for the metabolism of glyceraldehyde that have been found in red cells and/or other mammalian tissues.
Hepatic Hepatitis C Virus RNA as a Predictor of a Long-Term Response to Interferon-α Therapy
Authors: Michiko Shindo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To identify predictors of a long-term response to interferon-alpha therapy in chronic hepatitis C and to determine whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) was eradicated in patients with chronic hepatitis C who had a long-term response to therapy.A retrospective analysis.In- and outpatient liver clinic of a municipal hospital in Japan.47 patients with chronic hepatitis C who responded to interferon-alpha were divided into two groups: 22 patients with a long-term response (serum aminotransferase levels remained normal for > 1 year after therapy) and 25 patients with a short-term response (serum aminotransferase levels increased again after therapy).Genotyping of HCV, titers of HCV RNA in liver and serum samples (using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction), histologic activity index, and liver histologic tests during and 1 year after therapy.Among the 22 long-term responders, HCV RNA was no longer detectable in liver and serum samples of 21 (95%) at the end of therapy and remained undetectable in the serum of 20 (91%) and in the liver of 19 (86%) 1 year after therapy. Liver histologic tests improved substantially immediately after therapy and 1 year after therapy in the long-term responders; however, 18 (82%) of these patients still had mild, chronic hepatitis. Among the 25 short-term responders, HCV RNA was still detected in the liver of 19 (76%) and in the serum of 9 (36%) at the end of therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the persistent presence of hepatic HCV RNA at the end of therapy was the strongest predictor of relapse.These findings suggest that HCV infection was eradicated in most of the long-term responders to interferon-alpha therapy because HCV RNA could no longer be detected in their serum and liver samples and because a significant improvement gradually occurred in their liver histologic results. The persistent presence of hepatic HCV RNA at the end of therapy was the most important predictor of relapse.
Proton pump inhibitors for Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: G TRIADAFILOPOULOS
Journal: Gut (2000)

Proton pump inhibitors for Barrett's oesophagusBarrett's oesophagus is a metaplastic condition in which the normal squamous oesophageal epithelium is replaced by specialised intestinal metaplasia. 1 Barrett's oesophagus occurs in about 10% of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and predisposes to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. 2The incidence of oesophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma is rapidly increasing by a rate exceeding that of any other cancer. 3 4Over the past decade, acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has become the mainstay of treatment of patients with Barrett's oesophagus.This article reviews the specific end points of such treatment. Control of reflux symptomsConcomitant symptomatic GORD is common in patients with Barrett's oesophagus and manifests as heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, or chest pain. 5Numerous trials have documented that PPIs provide superior relief of heartburn compared with H 2 -receptor antagonists (H 2 RAs).In a recent meta-analysis of GORD studies of patients with endoscopically proved erosive oesophagitis, PPIs, irrespective of dose or duration of treatment, provide the greatest overall symptom relief, with 77.4% (10.4%) of patients becoming heartburn-free, which was significantly better than with H 2 RAs (47.6% (15.5%)).Furthermore, PPIs provide faster complete heartburn relief (11.5%/ week) than H 2 RAs (6.4%/week). 6As a group, however, patients with Barrett's oesophagus have greater exposure to oesophageal acid than other patients with GORD 7 8 and control of symptoms may require higher than usual doses of PPIs. 9 10 Even with PPI therapy, however, a subgroup of patients may still have acid regurgitation in spite of control of oesophageal acid exposure. 11Of note, elderly patients over 65 years of age with Barrett's oesophagus may be much less symptomatic than their younger counterparts and may not require antisecretory therapy. 5 Healing of coexistent oesophagitisHealing of coexistent oesophagitis is an important goal of treatment in patients with Barrett's oesophagus.Elimination of erosive oesophagitis or erythema of the oesophagus permits better delineation of the metaplastic epithelium and facilitates the recognition of dysplasia.Irrespective of dose or length of treatment, healing of oesophagitis is best achieved with PPIs (83.6% (11.4%)) than with H 2 RAs (51.9% (17.1%)).PPIs also achieve faster healing rates (11.7%/week)than H 2 RAs (5.9%/week). 5
Synovial fluid examination for the diagnosis of synovial amyloidosis in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis.
Authors: J Munoz-Gomez, R Gomez-Perez, M Sole-Arques, E Llopart-Buisan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The diagnosis of synovial amyloidosis is based upon synovial biopsy. Synovial fluid (SF) in seven patients with amyloid arthropathy associated with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis were studied. The SF and synovial samples of 10 consecutive patients with seronegative mono- or oligoarthritis served as controls. Six of the seven patients with amyloid positive synovial biopsy specimens showed amyloid in their SF. No amyloid was found in the synovial tissue or fluid of the 10 patients in the control group, the sensitivity being 87.7%. The finding of amyloid in SF was highly reproducible, showing its presence in the same joint on several occasions. The deposits were Congophilia resistant to potassium permanganate pretreatment, and the immunohistochemical analysis proved that they contained beta 2 microglobulin. The high sensitivity and good reproducibility of the method shows that the finding of amyloid in SF is sufficient for the diagnosis of synovial amyloidosis. It is possible to perform immunohistochemical analysis on the SF sediment. Amyloid arthropathy can therefore be added to the list of conditions in which synovial fluid examination can be clinically helpful.
DTC Genetic Services: A Look Across the Pond
Authors: Pascal Borry, Heidi Howard
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

In their contribution, Matloff and Caplan (2008) discuss various concerns related to the direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of BRCA genetic testing. In this commentary, we address major differences between the European and American context with regard to the sale and advertising of DTC genetic tests and introduce the relevant European legislation. Concerning the provision of DTC services, it is striking that apparently North American companies are dominating the provision of these services. A recent extensive Internetbased search identified a sample of 24 companies that are currently offering genetic diagnostic, risk assessment, or enhancement tests (Geransar and Einsiedel 2008). Although the research results may be biased due to use of English keywords in the search strategy, their search found that 21 of the 24 identified companies have their headquarters in the United States or Canada and only two companies are operating from Europe. Furthermore, in the annex of the recently published report More Genes Direct from the Human Genetics Commission (HGC 2007), 19 American, three British, three continental European, and one Icelandic company are reported to offer DTC genetic tests. Could this relatively low number of companies selling DTC genetic services in Europe be a sign that Europeans are presently less tolerant to, or less interested in this type of service? The answer
"Polypill" to fight cardiovascular disease: Universal polypharmacy goes against recent beliefs in prescribing practice
Authors: M. Powlson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Your advocacy of universal polypharmacy—as evidenced by the paper by Wald and Law1—is somewhat against recent beliefs in prescribing practice. Has there been sufficient emphasis on the fact that the proposal is a theoretical construct (admittedly enticing), based on extrapolation of data from many disparate studies, rather than on a trial itself? Indeed, why bother with new trials …
In Sickness and In Wealth: American Hospitals in the Twentieth Century.
Authors: Rosemary Stevens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

American hospitals are unique: a combination of public and private institutions that are at once charities and businesses, social welfare institutions and icons of U.S. science, wealth, and technical achievement. In Sickness and in Wealth helps us understand this huge and often contradictory industry and shows that throughout this century the voluntary not-for-profit hospitals have been profit-maximizing enterprises, even though they have viewed themselves as charities serving the community. Although our hospitals have provided the most advanced medical care for acutely sick and curable patients, they have been much less successful in meeting the needs of the chronically ill and the socially disadvantaged. That, Stevens concludes, is the next urgent task of social policy.
How many kinds of visceral afferents?
Authors: M Costa
Journal: Gut (2004)

Most afferent signals from the viscera do not give rise to conscious experience and yet they participate in the complex neural control of visceral functions. Surprisingly little information is available on the origin, morphology, and receptor functional characteristics of the nerve endings of most primary afferent neurones to the digestive tract. This review deals with the morphological nature of the afferent neurones that supply the gastrointestinal tract specifically.
Post-ERCP pancreatitis in 2364 ERCP procedures: is intraductal ultrasonography another risk factor?
Authors: T. Meister, H. Heinzow, A. Heinecke, R. Hoehr, W. Domschke, D. Domagk
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de T. Meister et al., pp. 331Endoscopy 2011; 43(04): 463-463DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291797
Immunoglobulin VH determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: H Kubagawa, M Mayumi, J F Kearney, M D Cooper
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Hybridoma clones secreting antibodies against common VH determinants were readily produced by fusion of cells from mice immunized with isolated V mu fragments of human immunoglobulins (Ig), but not with intact Ig molecules or isolated heavy chains. Four monoclonal antibodies to the V mu fragments of different IgM paraproteins were selected for analysis: MH-44 (mu kappa), GB-24 (mu kappa), NF-11 (gamma 1 kappa), and SA-44 (gamma 1 kappa). Each antibody reacted with the homologous V mu fragment, homologous mu chain, and normal gamma chains, but not with the intact IgM molecules, intact IgG, or isolated light chains, as determined by radioimmunoassay. The VH reaction spectra with a panel of myeloma heavy chains showed overlapping but distinctive patterns for the four antibodies. Each of the four monoclonal anti-VH antibodies appeared to react with a different "hidden" VH determinant that is not exposed on undenatured, intact Ig molecules and differs from conventional VH subgroup determinants. In immunofluorescence studies, the monoclonal anti-VH antibodies did not bind to surface Ig on viable B lymphocytes, but visibly stained subpopulations of fixed B lymphocytes, pre-B cells, and normal plasma cells. The mean frequencies of VH+ plasma cells were 30% (MH-44), 17% (GB-24), 13% (NF-11), and 3% (SA-44), and similar frequencies were obtained for the VH+ B cell subpopulations. While subpopulations of B cells could be identified at all stages in differentiation by immunofluorescence with the anti-VH antibodies, neither resting nor activated T cells expressed these VH determinants in detectable amounts.
Asbestos related cancer deaths set to rise
Authors: Dobson Roger
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Deaths from exposure to asbestos are increasing and will peak in the next decade, according to new research. Annual deaths from mesothelioma among men in Britain will rise to between 1950 and 2450 a year between 2011 and 2015, compared with 153 deaths in 1968, say researchers writing in the British Journal of Cancer (published online ahead of print publication) on 25 January (http://www.nature.com/bjc http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602307).

They predict that the total number of deaths since 1968 will rise to 90 000 by 2050, with 65 000 of those deaths after 2002. …
A Role for Renin in Rebound Hypertension and Encephalopathy after Infusion of Saralasin Acetate (Sar<sup>1</sup>-Ala<sup>8</sup>-Angiotensin II)
Authors: Hans J. Keim, Jan I. Drayer, David B. Case, Jorge Lopez-Ovejero, John M. Wallace, Michael A. Weber, John H. Laragh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Blood-pressure reduction by specific angiotensin II inhibition with Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II (saralasin acetate, P113) has been extensively employed to identify renin-dependent forms of hypertension.1 2 3 4 Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system by treatment with diuretics1 2 3 4 or dietary sodium depletion increases the frequency and the amplitude of the depressor response to saralasin. These procedures have been advocated and extensively used as a preparative step in saralasin testing.To date, in a rather wide experience with saralasin, the drug has not produced any serious untoward effects, although undue hypotension has occasionally been reported.5 The four patients described below had alarming and dangerous rebound . . .
Post-colonoscopy tension pneumothorax resulting from colonic barotrauma in a previously unrecognised left-sided diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: E. Alabraba, D. Gourevitch, R. Hejmadi, T. Ismail, R. Cockel
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

When unexpected diaphragmatic hernias result in colonic perforation during colonoscopy, they are always associated with pneumothorax and are always fatal [1] [2]. We report a case of colonoscopy-induced tension pneumothorax due to an undiagnosed diaphragmatic hernia without colonic perforation.
Acute Idiopathic Pulmonary Haemosiderosis
Authors: L. Nancekievill
Journal: BMJ (1949)

DICAJOURNAL 431 facts which also point to the occurrence of a hyperstimula- tive effect during employment.Relationt to the Reticulo-endothelial System.--Thecharac- ter of the abnormal cells observed-young forms of the monocyte-suggests that these are being produced by the reticulo-endothelial system under the influence of hyper- stimulation.The hyperstimulation would account also for the increased output of lymphocytes from the reticulo- endothelial cells of the lymph glands.Inhalation of Radioactive Dust.-While it is possible, taking into account the human factor, and in spite of the facilities provided and prohibitions enforced, that careless luminizers may have ingested small amounts of luminous compound or that they may have inhaled a certain amount of radon, it seems more probable, from a study of their working conditions and from estimations of the radon con- tent of the air in luminizing departments, that the inhala- tion of dust contaminated with dried luminous compound was the chief source of any radioactive material being introduced in small amounts into the body.Transient Effect.-Both the haematological findings in
Bronchogenic Carcinoma in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Anne L. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Among 835 subjects followed up prospectively for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the past 19 years, lung cancer has developed in 42 and has been histologically confirmed in 30. Follow-up averages 4.3 years or a total of 3,629 man-years. The incidence of 11.6/1,000 man-years is four to five times that reported in other series of smokers or in subjects with bronchitis. Underlying lung damage may be an important contributing factor. The symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the presence of minor roentgenographic abnormalities tend to conceal the evidence of cancer that is potentially curable.  ( JAMA 235:621-622, 1976)
Acquired mutations in GATA1 in neonates with Down's syndrome with transient myeloid disorder
Authors: Jürgen Groet, Suzanne McElwaine, Monica Spinelli, Andrea Rinaldi, Ingo Burtscher, Claire Mulligan, Afua Mensah, Simona Cavani, Franca Dagna-Bricarelli, Giuseppe Basso, Finbarr E Cotter, Dean Nizetic
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
Effect of highly dosed molsidomine on restenosis rate after coronary angioplasty: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial
Authors: Jochen Wöhrle, Thorsten Nusser, Hans A. Kestler, Olaf Grebe, Vinzenz Hombach, Martin Höher, Matthias Kochs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)