tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Control of Mucin Transcription by Diverse Injury-induced Signaling Pathways
Authors: CAROL BASBAUM, HASSAN LEMJABBAR, MALINDA LONGPHRE, DAIZONG LI, ERIN GENSCH, NANCY McNAMARA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<HOW MUCOSAL IMMUNITY WORK...HOW DID RELATED BUT NONID...STRATEGY FOR UNDERSTANDIN...ACTIVATION OF MUCIN TRANS...ACTIVATION OF MUCIN TRANS...ACTIVATION OF MUCIN TRANS...ACTIVATION OF MUCIN TRANS...ACTIVATION OF MUCIN TRANS...CONCLUSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Psoriasis in Swedish conscripts: time trend and association with T-helper 2-mediated disorders
Authors: E. Landgren, L. Bråbäck, G. Hedlin, A. Hjern, F. Rasmussen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

According to the T-helper (Th)1/Th2 paradigm, it has been argued that Th1-dominated diseases such as psoriasis and Th2-dominated diseases such as asthma and hay fever should be mutually exclusive, as the immune regulatory cells, Th1 and Th2, cross-regulate each other. An increase in asthma and hay fever has occurred in Sweden over the past four to five decades, but the time trend for psoriasis is not clear.To assess the prevalence of psoriasis in young Swedish men over a period of three decades and the association between psoriasis and allergic disorders.Register study based on data from the Swedish Military Service Conscription Register and the Total Population and the Population and Housing Censuses. Psoriasis, asthma (with and without allergic rhinitis) and allergic rhinitis at conscription were studied in 1 226 193 male conscripts in successive cohorts born between 1952 and 1977.The prevalence of psoriasis was about 0.5% and it remained stable over three decades. Conscripts with psoriasis and their siblings were less likely to have eczema. The reduced risk of eczema in conscripts with psoriasis was unchanged over time. A reduced risk of allergic rhinitis was also demonstrated in conscripts with psoriasis and their siblings but only in the most recent birth cohort born between 1970 and 1977.A strong genetic influence may explain the unchanged prevalence of psoriasis in Swedish conscripts. A genetic predisposition for psoriasis may confer partial protection from eczema and allergic rhinitis. The inverse relationship between allergic rhinitis and psoriasis appeared to be a recent phenomenon.
Book: Fevered Lives: Tuberculosis in American Culture since 1870
Authors: R. J Coker
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Katherine Ott Harvard University Press, £10.50, pp 296 ISBN 0 674 29911 6 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> In 1992 the New York Post ran the headline: “TB timebomb. Homeless contaminate public areas in city.” This headline encapsulated much of the city's anxiety about the resurgence of the public health threat that is tuberculosis and the cultural forces that influenced the response. The recent epidemic in New York resulted in a reassessment of the role of public health officials, greater awareness of clinicians to drug resistant strains and nosocomial spread within homeless shelters, prisons, and hospitals, and an increased public awareness of an ancient disease that many thought had been eradicated in the West. In the late 20th century, American society, and in particular New York society, re-evaluated its relationship with tuberculosis. And many of its responses … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Non-enzymatically glycated tau in Alzheimer's disease induces neuronal oxidant stress resulting in cytokine gene expression and release of amyloid β-peptide
Authors: Shi Du Yan, Shi Fang Yan, Xi Chen, Jin Fu, Ming Chen, Periannan Kuppusamy, Mark A. Smith, George Perry, Gabriel C. Godman, Peter Nawroth, Jay L. Zweier, David Stern
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
Neurotoxicity of Brominated Flame Retardants: (In)direct Effects of Parent and Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on the (Developing) Nervous System
Authors: Milou M.L. Dingemans, Martin van den Berg, Remco H.S. Westerink
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their hydroxylated (OH-) or methoxylated forms have been detected in humans. Because this raises concern about adverse effects on the developing brain, we reviewed the scientific literature on these mechanisms.Many rodent studies reported behavioral changes after developmental, neonatal, or adult exposure to PBDEs, and other studies documented subtle structural and functional alterations in brains of PBDE-exposed animals. Functional effects have been observed on synaptic plasticity and the glutamate-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. In the brain, changes have been observed in the expression of genes and proteins involved in synapse and axon formation, neuronal morphology, cell migration, synaptic plasticity, ion channels, and vesicular neurotransmitter release. Cellular and molecular mechanisms include effects on neuronal viability (via apoptosis and oxidative stress), neuronal differentiation and migration, neurotransmitter release/uptake, neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels, calcium (Ca²⁺) homeostasis, and intracellular signaling pathways.Bioactivation of PBDEs by hydroxylation has been observed for several endocrine end points. This has also been observed for mechanisms related to neurodevelopment, including binding to thyroid hormone receptors and transport proteins, disruption of Ca²⁺ homeostasis, and modulation of GABA and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function.The increased hazard for developmental neurotoxicity by hydroxylated (OH-)PBDEs compared with their parent congeners via direct neurotoxicity and thyroid disruption clearly warrants further investigation into a) the role of oxidative metabolism in producing active metabolites of PBDEs and their impact on brain development; b) concentrations of parent and OH-PBDEs in the brain; and c) interactions between different environmental contaminants during exposure to mixtures, which may increase neurotoxicity.
Effects of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy on Myocardial Blood Flow, Vasodilatory Capacity, and Coronary Vasomotion
Authors: Klaus F. Kofoed, Johannes Czernin, Jay Johnson, Jon Kobashigawa, Michael E. Phelps, Hillel Laks, Heinrich R. Schelbert
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Coronary vasculopathy is the third leading cause of death 1 year after cardiac allograft transplantation. This study was designed to assess the hemodynamic effects of transplant vasculopathy on myocardial blood flow and vasomotion. Methods and Results Thirty-two patients were studied 1 to 2 years after cardiac transplantation by use of positron emission tomography (n=32), intravascular ultrasound (n=26), coronary angiography (n=32), and endomyocardial biopsy (n=32). Twenty healthy individuals served as control subjects. Quantitative intravascular ultrasound was used to compute coronary lumen area, intimal thickness, and intimal index [Intima Area/(Intima+Lumen Area)]. Myocardial blood flow was quantified with the use of 13 N-ammonia/positron emission tomography. Mean myocardial blood flow was higher in the transplant patients than in control subjects (0.94±0.26 versus 0.68±0.16 mL·min −1 ·g −1 ; P &lt;.0005). Cold increased myocardial blood flow to 0.79±0.18 mL·min −1 ·g −1 in control subjects but not in patients (0.98±0.36 mL·g −1 ·min −1 ). Hyperemic myocardial blood flow was lower in patients than in control subjects (1.69±0.78 versus 2.30±0.32 mL·min −1 ·g −1 ; P &lt;.05) and was inversely related to maximal intimal thickness and intimal index (all P &lt;.05). The myocardial flow reserve was reduced in patients (1.82±0.55 versus 3.45±1.03; P &lt;.0001). Conclusions The degree of intimal thickening is correlated with abnormalities in coronary function in patients with diffuse cardiac allograft vasculopathy. The reduction in vasodilatory capacity and the abnormal blood flow response to cold suggest abnormalities in endothelium-dependent and -independent coronary vasodilation in transplant recipients.
Recurrent Dislocation of Ankle due to Rupture of External Lateral Ligament
Authors: E. Hambly
Journal: BMJ (1945)

mouth.His palate was lacerated at the time but healed well, and hie had never thought any more about it.Unfortunately, infection in the lung spread rapidly, and he died on Nov. 15.The astonishing thing is that a-foreign body of this size could have remained blocking the bronchus for 31 years with- oLIt giving rise to serious trouble.It is possible that this may be due to the fact that the airway through the centre of the vulcanite had remained patent and that he was therefore able to get enough air backwards and forwards tlhrough it to ven- tilate his lung.Careful examination of the vulcanite showed no corrosion or disintegration at all.
Identification of B10, an alkaline phosphodiesterase of the apical plasma membrane of hepatocytes and biliary cells, in rat serum: Increased levels following bile duct ligation and during the development of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Nirina Rajho Meerson, Danièle Delautier, Anne-Marie Durand-Schneider, Alain Moreau, Michael L. Schilsky, Irmin Sternlieb, Gérard Feldmann, Michèle Maurice
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Alkaline phosphodiesterase (APDE) is associated with the cellular plasma membrane of many organs. Several isoforms are also detected in normal human serum and their respective amounts vary in liver diseases but their significance is unknown. The aims of this study were: 1) to identify a serum form of B10, an APDE exclusively localized at the apical pole of the plasma membrane of rat hepatocytes and biliary cells; 2) to gain insight into its origin; and 3) to investigate its behavior, in two liver diseases in which an abnormal membrane expression of B10 has been reported, namely cholestasis and cholangiocarcinoma. A soluble form of B10 was immunoprecipitated from normal rat serum, which amounted to 13% of total serum APDE activity. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the size of the serum enzyme was 125 kd, which is slightly lower than that found in the plasma membrane (130 kd). In bile, a 120-kd and a 130-kd form was found. A sixfold and fivefold increase of B10 APDE activity was observed in the serum of bile duct-ligated rats and in the Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats which spontaneously develop cholangiocarcinoma. The molecular size of the form present in serum was unchanged. A threefold increase was also observed in LEC rats which had not yet developed a cholangiocarcinoma. In conclusion, we identified a soluble form of B10 in normal rat serum. The increase in serum B10 in the experimental and pathological conditions investigated does not seem to result from passage of the biliary form to the serum but seems to be caused by increased cleavage of the membrane form. Its rise early during the onset of cholangiocarcinoma suggests that B10 in the serum might be a marker of carcinogenesis and/or be involved in the development of cholangiocarcinoma.
Nutrition Instruction in Medical Schools— 1976
Authors: Esther S. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Last fall I was informed that only approximately 42% of our medical schools offered courses in nutrition. Having been involved in nutrition since 1916, this low figure hardly seemed possible, so a survey was undertaken to find out what the status really is.  A questionnaire was sent to the chiefs of the departments of medicine of 60 medical schools and asked these questions:   Do you offer instruction in nutrition?  How many hours of lecture? How many hours of quantitative figuring?  Do you have research in nutrition?   Forty-four schools responded. To question 1, seven answered, No. To question 2, thirty-four responded: two schools offer only 1 hour, eleven offer 2 to 10 hours, nine offer 11 to 19 hours, three offer 20 to 40 hours, and one has a complete department of nutrition with 13 faculty members and 20 courses leading to a BS, MA, and PhD. The
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus and Delayed Contralateral Hemiparesis
Authors: Gordon J. Gilbert
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A stereotyped syndrome exists in which herpes zoster ophthalmicus is followed in three to five weeks by acute contralateral hemiparesis or aphasia. The first case, to our knowledge, in which angiographic studies of the great vessels in the neck and intracranial arteries were done showed a segmental arteritis of the carotid siphon. The literature on the disease granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system includes two typical cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus with contralateral hemiplegia that were not clinically recognized as such. However, autopsy showed a segmental ipsilateral arteritis diagnostic of granulomatous angiitis of the nervous system. At least some cases of granulomatous angiitis of the nervous system are due to segmental arteritis by varicella virus, and the pathological basis of the syndrome of herpes zoster ophthalmicus with contralateral hemiplegia is a segmental granulomatous angiitis. (<i>JAMA</i>229:302-304, 1974)
Quantitative texture analysis in two-dimensional echocardiography: Application to the diagnosis of myocardial amyloidosis
Authors: Bruno Pinamonti, Eugenio Picano, Ezio Maria Ferdeghini, Fabio Lattanzi, Gianni Slavich, Luigi Landini, Fulvio Camerini, Antonio Benassi, Alessandro Distante, Antonio L'Abbate
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Alcohol and heart disease
Authors: A. Britton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Regular consumption is less damaging than binge drinking

The health benefits of consuming alcohol are well known, but occasionally the cardioprotective benefits of drinking are challenged.1 In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.c6077), Ruidavets and colleagues compare groups of middle aged men in France and Northern Ireland, who have very different drinking cultures and rates of heart disease.2 The authors found that men who “binge” drink (drink ≥50 g of alcohol once a week) had nearly twice the risk of myocardial infarction or death from coronary disease compared with regular drinkers over 10 years of follow-up⇓.



Roger Hutchings/Alamy

Those with a “glass half full” perspective might try to find a different spin on this paper. The authors also found that French men who were regular heavy drinkers, even those who drank on average more than 75 g of alcohol a day (just over a bottle of wine), had a similar risk of heart disease to those who drank 1-24 g a day. This doesn’t just apply …
Incorporation of D-amphetamine into pigmented guinea-pig hair
Authors: W. H. HARRISON, R. M. GRAY, L. M. SOLOMON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Incorporation of D-amphetamine into the hair of a black-pigmented guinea-pig was measured by a 14C-tracer method. D-Amphetamine administered intraperitoneally was found to be incorporated into the hair, and part of the radioactivity was found in isolated melanin. The findings are in conformity with the concept that D-amphetamine gains access to melanocytes through the arteriovenous or lymphatic circulation, enters melanosomes, interacts with the melanosomal protein and melanin, and resides ultimately in the pigment granules in the hair fibre. The findings suggest a pathway which may influence the biological activity of this and related drugs.
Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by IgG3 antibodies cross-reactive with the major mitochondrial autoepitope and its Lactobacillus mimic
Authors: Dimitrios‐Petrou Bogdanos, Harold Baum, Manabu Okamoto, Paolo Montalto, Umesh C. Sharma, Eirini I. Rigopoulou, John Vlachogiannakos, Yun Ma, Andrew K. Burroughs, Diego Vergani
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The serological hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is the presence of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit (PDC-E2) antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs). Anti–PDC-E2 antibodies cross-react specifically with mycobacterial hsp65, and we have demonstrated that the motif SxGDL[ILV]AE shared by PDC-E2212-226 and hsp's is a cross-reactive target. Having found that this same motif is present only in β-galactosidase of Lactobacillus delbrueckii (BGAL LACDE), we hypothesized that this homology would also lead to cross-reactivity. The mimics were tested via ELISA for reactivity and competitive cross-reactivity using sera from 100 AMA-positive and 23 AMA-negative PBC patients and 190 controls. An Escherichia coli (ECOLI) PDC-E2 mimic that has been pathogenetically linked to PBC but lacks this motif has been also tested. Anti-BGAL266-280 LACDE antibodies were restricted to AMA-positive patients (54 of 95, 57%) and belonged to immunoglobulin (Ig) G3. Of the 190 controls, 22 (12%; P < .001) had anti-BGAL266-280 antibodies, mainly of the IgG4 subclass. ECOLI PDC-E2 reactivity was virtually absent. BGAL266-280/PDC-E2212-226 reactivity of the IgG3 isotype was found in 52 (52%) AMA-positive PBC patients but in only 1 of the controls (P < .001). LACDE BGAL266-280/PDC-E2212-226 reactivity was due to cross-reactivity as confirmed via competition ELISA. Antibody affinity for BGAL266-280 was greater than for PDC-E2 mimics. Preincubation of a multireactive serum with BGAL266-280 reduced the inhibition of enzymatic activity by 40%, while marginal effect (12%) or no effect (2%) was observed in human or ECOLI PDC-E2 mimics. In conclusion, IgG3 antibodies to BGAL LACDE cross-react with the major mitochondrial autoepitope and are characteristic of PBC. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:458–465.)
Academics plea for politicians to tackle problem of missing data
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Campaigners have called on the government to take action to end the “ongoing secrecy” that surrounds the reporting of clinical trials.

In a letter to the Times they write that despite drug companies being required by law to report negative as well as positive results from clinical trials, the reality is somewhat different.1

“We wish that drug companies truly were compelled to be transparent. In reality, vitally important information about drug trials continues to be …
Recommendations for cardiomyopathy surveillance for survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group
Authors: Saro H Armenian, Melissa M Hudson, Renee L Mulder, Ming Hui Chen, Louis S Constine, Mary Dwyer, Paul C Nathan, Wim J E Tissing, Sadhna Shankar, Elske Sieswerda, Rod Skinner, Julia Steinberger, Elvira C van Dalen, Helena van der Pal, W Hamish Wallace, Gill Levitt, Leontien C M Kremer
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Duration and recurrence of otitis media with effusion in children from birth to 3 years: prospective study using monthly otoscopy and tympanometry
Authors: S. C Hogan, K. J Stratford, D. R Moore
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To monitor the natural course of otitis media with effusion. <b>Design:</b> Prospective, longitudinal assessment of the state of the middle ear by otoscopy and tympanometry at monthly intervals from birth to 3 years. <b>Setting:</b> Domiciliary visits to family homes. <b>Subjects:</b> 95 full term infants born between August 1991 and November 1993. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Observed and simulated data (Monte Carlo) for the duration of single episodes of otitis media with effusion. <b>Results:</b> 17 of the children had unilateral or bilateral otitis media with effusion for more than half of their first three years of life. Thirty three of the 95 children had tympanograms suggestive of otitis media with effusion at more than a third of observations; the remaining 62 had such tympanograms at less than a third of observations. The data of each group were described by a first order Markov model, yielding a mean duration of unilateral effusion episodes of 5-6 weeks in both groups; the mean duration of bilateral effusion was 6 and 10 weeks in the low and high incidence groups, respectively. However, the main difference between the groups was the time spent between episodes of effusion: effusion free periods were, on average, three times longer in the children who experienced less otitis media with effusion. <b>Conclusion:</b> Children who are susceptible to otitis media with effusion tend to have more separate episodes of effusion rather than an increased overall duration of episodes. Such children are primarily distinguished by the likelihood with which they acquire the disease than by their ability to recover from it.
UK government and doctors agree to end "blame culture"
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The UK government and the medical profession have called for an end to the blame culture of the NHS in a joint statement that aims to raise standards of care.

The declaration, drawn up by the chief medical officer for England, Professor Liam Donaldson, aims to put quality first in the NHS. It has been signed by leading members of the medical establishment, including Donald Irvine, president of the General Medical Council, Professor Denis Pereira Gray, chairman of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, and Barry Jackson, president of the Royal College of Surgeons.

The document calls for the NHS to be more …
Safe Practice in Endoscopic Surgery, by
Authors: F Penninckx
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A Cuschieri, M P Dunkley, F Carter: BMJ Publishing Group, £105, set of three videotapes

Endoscopic surgery had an impact not only on clinical practice but also on surgical education, textbooks, and atlases being complemented by videotapes. I must confess that I do not read every page of the books that I have to review for medical journals. In contrast, I have been looking at these marvellous videos from the first images to the final credits. You might argue that it is somewhat easier to “view” a video than a book. …
Group’s Advice on Cardiac Testing for Children With ADHD Draws Criticism
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF RICKETTSIAE
Authors: Harry Plotz, Joseph E. Smadel, Thomas F. Anderson, Leslie A. Chambers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

The morphological structures of the rickettsiae of epidemic and endemic typhus fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Q fever are similar to one another and to certain bacteria. The rickettsial organisms in common with the elementary bodies of vaccinia virus and all bacteria would appear to have a limiting membrane which surrounds a substance that seems to be protoplasmic in nature; numbers of dense granules are embedded in the inner protoplasm.
Should we use large scale healthcare interventions without clear evidence that benefits outweigh costs and harms? No
Authors: C Seth Landefeld, Kaveh G Shojania, Andrew D Auerbach
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Obtaining definitive evidence on the effects of large scale interventions can be difficult. <b>Bernard Crump </b>(doi: 10.1136/bmj.a145) believes that implementation with careful monitoring is justified but <b>Seth Landefeld and colleagues </b>argue that acting without proof is both costly and potentially damaging to health