tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of persistent truncus arteriosus and dextroposed aorta in the chick embryo after neural crest ablation.
Authors: M Nishibatake, M L Kirby, L H Van Mierop
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To investigate the contribution of cranial neural crest cells to the developing cardiovascular system in the chick embryo, cauterization of various regions of cranial neural crest was performed. Five regions may be distinguished, each of which contributes mesenchyme to pharyngeal (branchial) arches 1 through 4 and 6. Ablation of arch 3, 4, and 6 regions resulted in a high incidence of persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) associated with anomalies of the aortic arch. Dextroposed aorta (DPA) or anomalies of the inflow tract were found in all ablation groups. Although anomalies of the aortic arch arteries were induced in all ablation groups and were usually associated with intracardiac anomalies, those of the third and right fourth aortic arch were most frequent in the arch 4 and arch 4 + 6 groups. Anomalies of the sixth aortic arch were most frequent after extensive ablations that included the arch 6 region. We speculate that PTA is a direct result of the decreased population of mesenchymal cells derived from the arch 3 through 6 neural crest regions. DPA or anomalies of the inflow tract may be related to altered hemodynamics due to anomalies induced by neural crest ablation. Anomalies of the aortic arch arteries may be caused by either the direct or indirect process.
Artificial Insemination Faces Regulation, Testing of Donor Semen, Other Measures
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION is facing stricter controls. If the Food and Drug Administration does not take steps to regulate the screening and testing of donor semen and measures to ensure its safety, says Senator Albert Gore (D-Tenn), then "we will take appropriate action." Gore also says he intends to introduce legislation establishing a national data bank on semen donors. He says steps will be taken to ensure that, while the identity of semen donors is kept confidential, those children conceived by such procedures will have access to the medical and genetic histories of the donors. At the moment, he says, less than half the physicians doing this procedure will release nonidentifying medical information on donors. Gore says the federal government already has authority to develop a mandatory system ensuring that all semen used for artificial insemination is adequately screened and tested and that standards are enforced. He is calling on physicians
Evaluation of the obese patient
Authors: R. D. Gillette
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How do things die? And Why?
Authors: L. L. Emanuel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Ad Libitum15 January 1989How do things die? And Why?L. L. Emanuel, MD, PhDL. L. Emanuel, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-2-173_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI took my daughter to see the leaves—New England leaves in fall.She collected them, she counted them,She relished them.As we were riding home she said:Why are dying leaves soBeautiful? And she pronounced it well.Perhaps, I saidPerhaps because dying unfolds the beautyThat's always there?She fingered them, and said:Mom,Are dying people so ... ?I thought of a lady. Then several persons more.Sometimes. I said. Sometimes they are.Why, Yes. I said, and shared a smile with her.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1989Volume 110, Issue 2Page: 173-173KeywordsFalls ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 January 1989 Copyright & Permissions©1989 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
STUDIES ON INFLUENZAL MENINGITIS
Authors: Joyce Wright, Hugh K. Ward
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. By a suitable bactericidal technique, it can be demonstrated that the virulent S influenza bacillus is completely resistant to the bactericidal action of diluted normal unheated serum. In contrast, the R organism is easily killed when subjected to the action of diluted normal serum. Although this is not a true virulence test, it promises to be a useful substitute when a susceptible animal is not available. 2. The S culture filtrate contains a substance with a strong antibactericidal effect, but the R culture filtrate does not contain this substance. 3. It would appear probable that this antibactericidal substance is identical with, or closely related to the precipitinogen (or soluble substance) which is present only in the culture fluid of the S influenza bacillus. In view, however, of differences in heat stability of the two substances, this question must remain in doubt until a supply of purified precipitinogen is available. 4. Quantitative agglutination, precipitation and bactericidal comparisons between (a) R-absorbed anti-S serum and unabsorbed anti-S serum and (b) anti-S serum and anti-R serum indicate that the agglutinogen is a separate antigen, and the agglutinin a separate antibody, taking no part in the bactericidal action of the antiserum. They also indicate that the precipitin, which is present only in the anti-S serum, is identical with the bactericidal antibody. 5. The relation of the precipitinogen (or soluble substance) to virulence and of the precipitin to resistance is discussed.
923 SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF 96 WEEKS OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE THERAPY IN LAMIVUDINE EXPERIENCED PATIENTS
Authors: M. Manns, L. Jeffers, G. Dalekos, T. Berg, C. Trepo, S. Roberts, M. Prieto, M. Rizzetto, P. Marcellin, E.J. Heathcote, J. Sorbel, J. Anderson, E. Mondou, F. Rousseau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Effects of long term metoprolol administration on the electrocardiogram of rats infected with T cruzi
Authors: R. B Bestetti, V. N Sales-Neto, L. Z Pinto, E. G. Soares, G. Muccillo, J S. M Oliveira
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Study objective – The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of β receptor antagonists in the evolution of experimental Chagas’ disease. Design – Rats were infected with T cruzi, 2000 parasites·g−1 body weight, soon after weaning. One group was then given metoprolol, 100 mg·kg−1·d−1, in drinking water. A comparison group received no metoprolol. Two control groups of non-infected rats were also studied, one with and one without metoprolol in the same dose. Subjects – Adult male albino rats were used: 144 were infected with T cruzi and received metoprolol (group IM), 137 were infected and received no metoprolol (group IW), 46 non-infected rats received metoprolol (group CM), and 43 non-infected rats did not receive metoprolol (group CW). Measurements and main results – 30 d after infection, resting ECG was performed in all surviving rats. (There were 63 deaths in the infected groups and none in the non-infected groups.) Abnormal ECG was found in 20/81 infected rats in group IM and in 30/74 in group IW (p<0.05). No ECG changes were found in the non-infected rats. Of rats in group IM with normal resting ECG, 31 continued to take metoprolol (group IMNM), while 30 similar rats did not (group IMNW); in group IM with abnormal ECG, 10 rats continued to take metoprolol (group IMAM), while 10 similar rats did not (group IMAW). Of rats in group IW with normal ECG, 22 were started on metoprolol (group IWNM), while 22 similar rats were not (group IWNW); in group IW with abnormal ECG, 15 rats were started on metoprolol (group IWAM), while 15 similar rats did not (group IWAW). After 120 d and 300 d infection there were no differences in mortality rate and Ajmaline test in any of the matched groups (IMNM × IMNW; IMAM × IMAW; IWNM × IWNW; IWAM × IWAW). After 120 d there was no difference in ECG between the groups, but after 300 d there was a decrease in abnormal ECG in group IWAM (IWAM v IWAW, 0/12 v 5/12, p<0.05). No histological differences were found. Conclusions – Metoprolol decreases the proportion of rats with abnormal resting ECG in both the acute and the chronic stage of T cruzi infection.
Prevalence of Dengue Maculopathy in Patients Hospitalized for Dengue Fever
Authors: Daniel Hsien-Wen Su, Kristine Bacsal, Soon-Phaik Chee, John Vincent Policarpio Flores, Wee-Kiak Lim, Bobby Ching-Li Cheng, Aliza Hee-Eng Jap
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
Variation in the Arousal Pattern after Obstructive Events in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: JOHN R. STRADLING, DEBBY J. PITSON, LESLEY BENNETT, CHARLES BARBOUR, ROBERT J. O. DAVIES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The relationship between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (measured by sleep study) and daytime sleepiness is poor. Variation in the degree of arousal accompanying obstructive respiratory events might help explain this poor correlation. Polysomnographic records from patients with OSA were reviewed in order to extract representative examples of apneas and hypopneas (in 10 patients), as well as events both supine and decubitus (in 12 patients). The EEG accompanying each obstructive event was processed with a neural network technique to describe sleep depth on a second-by-second basis. The lengths of any visually evident microarousals were also measured manually. There was considerable interindividual variation in the degree of sleep disturbance using the neural network technique (p < 0.005), but not using the lengths of the visually scored microarousals (p = 0.6). The arousals accompanying apneic events caused greater variability in sleep depth quantified using the neural network technique (p = 0.03), and also lasted longer based on the visual scoring (mean, 12.6; SD, 1.7 s) than the hypopneic events (mean, 9.9; SD, 2.4 s; p = 0.02). There were no significant differences between events occurring supine versus decubitus with either technique (p = 0.7). These differences in arousal magnitude may explain some of the poor correlations between conventional measures of sleep apnea severity and daytime sleepiness.
Mitogen-responsive nuclear factors that mediate growth control signals in vascular myocytes
Authors: D. H. Gorski, K. Walsh
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Mitogen-responsive nuclear factors that mediate growth control signals in vascular myocytes Get access David H. Gorski, David H. Gorski aDepartment of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth Walsh Kenneth Walsh * bDivision of Cardiovascular Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, St. Elizabeth 's Medical Center, Boston, MA 02135, USA *Corresponding author. Tel. (+617) 562-7501; Fax (+617) 562-7506. kwalsh@opal.tufts.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 4, October 1995, Pages 585–592, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88508-7 Published: 01 October 1995 Article history Received: 23 January 1995 Accepted: 03 April 1995 Published: 01 October 1995
Absorptive capacity of the transplanted small bowel.
Authors: P Schroeder, E Deltz, J Seifert, F Sandforth, A Thiede
Journal: Gut (1987)

Small bowel transplantation (SBT) has been carried out in man in several cases without success, because immunologic problems were unsolved. In experimental SBT a 'two step' model was developed, which enables long term observation of immunologic phenomena. In this model the graft is in a heterotopic position to the recipient's own small bowel. After 35 days the recipient's own bowel is removed and replaced by the graft, now in orthotopic position and again in contact with luminal chymus. To investigate functional and morphological changes, which result from the procedure, the resorption of glucose and water was measured in syngeneic transplanted rats by an in vivo recirculation system and the mucosa was evaluated three dimensionally. The graft mucosa showed a significant reduction in villus height, crypt length and villus surface and a corresponding decrease in glucose and water absorption during heterotopic position. If the graft came into the orthotopic position, the mucosa did regenerate which was expressed by the significant longer crypts of the graft compared with those of the controls, although the graft's villus height and surface are still smaller. Glucose and water absorption increased and were higher in orthotopic transplanted animals, when absorption was expressed per unit intestinal length. The results indicate that in the 'two step' model of SBT the absorption of water and glucose is influenced to such an extent, that recovery is possible after three weeks, thus enabling orthotopic SBT. This almost complete recovery of the mucosa is further evidence of the regeneratory capacity of the small bowel, which enables clinical small bowel transplantation.
Interferon regulatory factor 3 is involved in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and TLR3-induced IL-12p35 gene activation
Authors: Stanislas Goriely, Céline Molle, Muriel Nguyen, Valentina Albarani, Najate Ouled Haddou, Rongtuan Lin, Dominique De Wit, Véronique Flamand, Fabienne Willems, Michel Goldman
Journal: Blood (2005)
Inhibition of CK2 activity by TGF-beta1 promotes IkappaB-alpha protein stabilization and apoptosis of immortalized hepatocytes
Authors: Lakita G. Cavin, Raphaelle Romieu-Mourez, Ganesh R. Panta, Jiyuan Sun, Valentina M. Factor, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, Gail E. Sonenshein, Marcello Arsura
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is an antiapoptotic factor involved in development, regeneration, and neoplastic progression of the liver. Previously, we have shown that stabilization of inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB)-alpha protein following treatment of hepatocytes with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 promoted NF-kappaB repression, which then permitted induction of AP-1/SMAD-mediated liver cell death. Because basal IkappaB-alpha protein turnover is regulated by protein kinase CK2, here we have elucidated the regulation of CK2 kinase activity and its role in control of NF-kappaB levels following treatment with TGF-beta1. We show that both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of the CK2alpha catalytic subunit are down-regulated following TGF-beta1 stimulation in murine hepatocyte cells. The ensuing inhibition of CK2 kinase activity promotes stabilization of IkappaB protein, which is followed by the shutoff of constitutive NF-kappaB activity and induction of apoptosis. Ectopic expression of CK2alpha inhibits TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis through sustained activation of NF-kappaB. Conversely, expression of a kinase-dead mutant of CK2alpha potentiates TGF-beta1 cell killing. Importantly, we show that hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) derived from TGF-beta1 transgenic mice and human HCC cell lines display enhanced CK2 IkappaB kinase activity that contributes in part to an elevated NF-kappaB activity in vivo. In conclusion, inhibition of CK2 expression levels by TGF-beta1 is crucial for the induction of apoptosis of hepatocytes. Circumvention of this process by up-regulation of CK2 activity in transformed cells may contribute to the promotion of TGF-beta1-induced liver carcinogenesis.
Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies
Authors: Holger J Schünemann, Andrew D Oxman, Jan Brozek, Paul Glasziou, Roman Jaeschke, Gunn E Vist, John W Williams, Regina Kunz, Jonathan Craig, Victor M Montori, Patrick Bossuyt, Gordon H Guyatt
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The GRADE system can be used to grade the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests or strategies. This article explains how patient-important outcomes are taken into account in this process
Massive Thrombotic Occlusion of the Large Pulmonary Arteries
Authors: K. P. BALL, J. F. GOODWIN, C. V. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1956)

In 23 cases of massive thrombotic occlusion of the large pulmonary arteries thrombosis secondary to pulmonary embolism was the major cause, but a proportion (30 per cent) was considered to have primary thrombosis in situ. The pathologic criteria, symptoms, signs, and results of special investigations are given in detail, and the diagnosis, etiology, and precipitating factors are discussed.
Pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis utilizes CD147 for vascular colonization
Authors: Sandra C Bernard, Nandi Simpson, Olivier Join-Lambert, Christian Federici, Marie-Pierre Laran-Chich, Nawal Maïssa, Haniaa Bouzinba-Ségard, Philippe C Morand, Fabrice Chretien, Saïd Taouji, Eric Chevet, Sébastien Janel, Frank Lafont, Mathieu Coureuil, Audrey Segura, Florence Niedergang, Stefano Marullo, Pierre-Olivier Couraud, Xavier Nassif, Sandrine Bourdoulous
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
A SIMPLE ASEPTIC HYPODERMATIC AND LACHRYMAL SYRINGE.
Authors: SHIRLS JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Any one who has been called upon suddenly, without adequate preparation, to use the hypodermatic syringe and found the latter out of order will appreciate a syringe that can not get out of order. The average syringe seems to spend its spare time collecting septic matter to render the injection an emulsion of dirty fat. The syringe shown in the illustration was intended primarily for ophthalmologic work, where delicacy of manipulation and thorough asepsis are imperative. In 1890 the original instrument was made for me and is still in active service. Aside from the needle there are but two parts to the instrument; glass barrel and compression bulb. The compression bulb is that of the ordinary medicine dropper, to be had anywhere, and may be replaced in an instant. In addition to the fine needles, one of slightly larger caliber with conical point properly curved for injecting the lachrymal canal
The Search for an AIDS Vaccine: Ethical Issues in the Development and Testing of a Preventive HIV Vaccine
Authors: Peter Lurie
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Increasingly, medical and public attention has focused on the potential efficacy of vaccines to prevent HIV infection. This is no surprise: there have been approximately 17 million HIV infections in the world to date, existing treatments for HIV infection have only limited efficacy, and the great majority of the HIV-infected population has essentially no access to even these medications. While biomedical advances in vaccine development are frequently trumpeted in the media, often out of proportion to the substance of the actual accomplishments, debates over the no less contentious ethical and social aspects of HIV-vaccine trials usually remain hidden from public view. It is this imbalance that Dr Christine Grady, successfully, seeks to right. <i>The Search for an AIDS Vaccine</i>is an ambitious work. The first two chapters are devoted to reviewing the history of vaccines, explaining the vaccine development and regulatory processes, and summarizing the major developments in the burgeoning
Cefpodoxime vs Ciprofloxacin for Short-Course Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis
Authors: Thomas M. Hooton, Pacita L. Roberts, Ann E. Stapleton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Although fluoroquinolones remain the most reliable urinary antimicrobial, resistance rates have increased and effective fluoroquinolone-sparing antimicrobials are needed.To determine whether cefpodoxime is noninferior to ciprofloxacin for treatment of acute cystitis.Randomized, double-blind trial of 300 women aged 18 to 55 years with acute uncomplicated cystitis comparing ciprofloxacin (n = 150) with cefpodoxime (n = 150); patients were from a student health center in Seattle, Washington, and a referral center in Miami, Florida. The study was conducted from 2005 to 2009 and outcomes were assessed at 5 to 9 days and 28 to 30 days after completion of therapy. Intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed; 15 women in the ciprofloxacin group and 17 women in the cefpodoxime group were lost to follow-up.Patients were given 250 mg of ciprofloxacin orally twice daily for 3 days or 100 mg of cefpodoxime proxetil orally twice daily for 3 days.Overall clinical cure (defined as not requiring antimicrobial treatment during follow-up) at the 30-day follow-up visit. Secondary outcomes were clinical and microbiological cure at the first follow-up visit and vaginal Escherichia coli colonization at each follow-up visit. The hypothesis that cefpodoxime would be noninferior to ciprofloxacin by a 10% margin (ie, for the difference in the primary outcome for ciprofloxacin minus cefpodoxime, the upper limit of the confidence interval would be <10%) was formulated prior to data collection.The overall clinical cure rate at the 30-day visit with the intent-to-treat approach in which patients lost to follow-up were considered as having clinical cure was 93% (139/150) for ciprofloxacin compared with 82% (123/150) for cefpodoxime (difference of 11%; 95% CI, 3%-18%); and for the intent-to-treat approach in which patients lost to follow-up were considered as having not responded to treatment, the clinical cure rate was 83% (124/150) for ciprofloxacin compared with 71% (106/150) for cefpodoxime (difference of 12%; 95% CI, 3%-21%). The microbiological cure rate was 96% (123/128) for ciprofloxacin compared with 81% (104/129) for cefpodoxime (difference of 15%; 95% CI, 8%-23%). At first follow-up, 16% of women in the ciprofloxacin group compared with 40% of women in the cefpodoxime group had vaginal E coli colonization.Among women with uncomplicated cystitis, a 3-day regimen of cefpodoxime compared with ciprofloxacin did not meet criteria for noninferiority for achieving clinical cure. These findings, along with concerns about possible adverse ecological effects associated with other broad-spectrum β-lactams, do not support the use of cefpodoxime as a first-line fluoroquinolone-sparing antimicrobial for acute uncomplicated cystitis.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00194532.
Regulatory T cells: recommendations to simplify the nomenclature
Authors: Abul K Abbas, Christophe Benoist, Jeffrey A Bluestone, Daniel J Campbell, Sankar Ghosh, Shohei Hori, Shuiping Jiang, Vijay K Kuchroo, Diane Mathis, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Alexander Rudensky, Shimon Sakaguchi, Ethan M Shevach, Dario A A Vignali, Steve F Ziegler
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)