tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urinary glucaric acid excretion in rheumatoid arthritis: influence of disease activity and disease modifying drugs.
Authors: R Addyman, C Beyeler, C Astbury, H A Bird
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To examine if a correlation exists between cytochrome P-450 enzyme induction and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), measuring urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid (GA) as an index of phase II drug metabolism.Patients with RA were treated with sulphasalazine, sodium aurothiomalate, or D-penicillamine in standard dose regimens, for 24 weeks. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or non-inflammatory arthritis (NIA) acted as controls. The urinary GA:creatinine ratio was measured at 0, 12, and 24 weeks of treatment.Patients with RA had a slightly greater urinary GA:creatinine ratio than patients with AS or NIA at baseline; this increased during treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Sulphasalazine treatment had a greater effect on GA excretion than sodium aurothiomalate or D-penicillamine; this difference was statistically significant between weeks 0 and 12 (p = 0.01). Gamma glutamyltranspeptidase concentration showed a weak correlation with GA excretion between weeks 0 and 12 (p = 0.03), but all other measurements of changes in disease activity (plasma viscosity, C reactive protein, platelets, and articular index) were found not to correlate with GA excretion between weeks 0-12 or 0-24.The increased excretion of GA in patients with RA receiving DMARD treatment is probably the result of an indirect effect on hepatic metabolism bearing no relationship to disease activity.
False-Negative Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy Possibly as a Result of Administration of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin
Authors: Michael S. Hofman, Craig Keighley, Victor S. Wayne, Steve White, Nathan Better
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Patients with normal findings on stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy have a low risk of cardiac events (<1%/y) as demonstrated in numerous large trials. Acute coronary syndromes can be caused by abrupt disruption of unstable coronary plaque. The unstable plaque is not necessarily obstructive and there may be some cases in which there is no hemodynamically significant lesion despite the imminent risk of plaque rupture. Plaque destabilization involves endothelial activation, entry and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, breakdown of the fibrous cap, and thrombus formation. The addition of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to aspirin has become standard practice in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes because it may improve survival and prevent progression to myocardial infarction. We report a case demonstrating the possible impact of LMWH on exercise myocardial perfusion scintigraphy results and potential pitfalls in causing a false-negative study.
"COVER-DOSE" MANAGEMENT OF CONTACT SENSITIVITY TO CHLORPROMAZINE.
Authors: R. M. MORRIS-OWEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article “COVER‐DOSE” MANAGEMENT OF CONTACT SENSITIVITY TO CHLORPROMAZINE. Get access R. M. MORRIS‐OWEN R. M. MORRIS‐OWEN Registrar, Allergy Clinic, Radcliffe Infirinary, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 4, 1 April 1963, Pages 167–169, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13961.x Published: 01 April 1963
Pregnane X receptor activation induces FGF19-dependent tumor aggressiveness in humans and mice
Authors: Hongwei Wang, Madhukumar Venkatesh, Hao Li, Regina Goetz, Subhajit Mukherjee, Arunima Biswas, Liang Zhu, Andreas Kaubisch, Lei Wang, James Pullman, Kathleen Whitney, Makoto Kuro-o, Andres I. Roig, Jerry W. Shay, Moosa Mohammadi, Sridhar Mani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) is activated by a range of xenochemicals, including chemotherapeutic drugs, and has been suggested to play a role in the development of tumor cell resistance to anticancer drugs. PXR also has been implicated as a regulator of the growth and apoptosis of colon tumors. Here, we have used a xenograft model of colon cancer to define a molecular mechanism that might underlie PXR-driven colon tumor growth and malignancy. Activation of PXR was found to be sufficient to enhance the neoplastic characteristics, including cell growth, invasion, and metastasis, of both human colon tumor cell lines and primary human colon cancer tissue xenografted into immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, we were able to show that this PXR-mediated phenotype required FGF19 signaling. PXR bound to the FGF19 promoter in both human colon tumor cells and "normal" intestinal crypt cells. However, while both cell types proliferated in response to PXR ligands, the FGF19 promoter was activated by PXR only in cancer cells. Taken together, these data indicate that colon cancer growth in the presence of a specific PXR ligand results from tumor-specific induction of FGF19. These observations may lead to improved therapeutic regimens for colon carcinomas.
A scaly rash on the hands
Authors: H. Reddy, A. D. Vittoris, S. Wahie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 30 year old mechanic attends with a scaly rash on both his palms. He describes cuts on his skin which are painful and affect his grip strength. This has caused him to have time off work. Common causes of diffuse scaly rashes on the hands are eczema (atopic, irritant or allergic contact dermatitis, and pompholyx), psoriasis, scabies, and tinea. A patient can have more than one diagnosis (such as atopic eczema plus an occupational allergic contact dermatitis). To help identify the cause(s) and effects of the rash, inquire about
Hospitals need to innovate and compete, says health minister
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Removing the current cap on the proportion of income that NHS foundation trusts can get from privately paying patients will give hospitals in England the freedom to innovate, the health minister Lord Howe has said.

Speaking at a conference on “hospitals in the new health service,” organised by the think tank Reform, Lord Howe said that, subject to consultation, the government would abolish the private income cap. “This will mean that hospitals will be free to innovate. We want them to be able to pursue commercial opportunities,” he said.

The aim is for all trusts to have foundation status by 2012-14. “We want them to be able to compete with other trusts on a level playing field,” said Lord Howe.

He told the …
One step forward, two steps back?
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Ideas that have promise but don’t quite deliver seem to be a theme in this week’s issue. First comes detailed information on genetic risks. Gareth Hollands and colleagues did a cluster randomised trial to see if providing a DNA based risk assessment to people at risk of Crohn’s disease increased the likelihood of them giving up smoking, which can affect this risk (doi:10.1136/bmj.e4708). It didn’t. In their accompanying editorial, Liam Smeeth and Tjeerd van Staa commend this attempt to study the effect of genetic information in a randomised trial, but they point out that the increased risk of Crohn’s disease conferred by the particular genetic variants is dwarfed by the effect …
Free will and the varieties of affective and conative selves
Authors: Jaak Panksepp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

A causally efficacious conscious will is a small part of our everyday activities, but a part that deserves to be recognized, studied, and cherished, perhaps as a fundamental, emotion- and conation-related, right hemispheric neuronal process. Such brain functions might be less in doubt if we consider all the pieces of the larger pie, especially those where our passions and desires reside.
Histamine receptors in the gastric microcirculation.
Authors: P H Guth, E Smith
Journal: Gut (1978)

The types and functions of histamine receptors in the submucosal arterioles of the corpus and antrum of the cat and rat stomach were studied using an in vivo microscopy technique. Change in arteriolar diameter in response to superfusion of histamine with and without antagonists was measured by an image-splitting technique. H1 and H2 histamine receptors subserving vasodilatation were demonstrated in both the antral and corpus submucosal arterioles of the cat and rat. However, the H1 effect was predominant in the antrum (the H2 antagonist inhibited histamine dilatation only in the presence of the H1 antagonist), while H1 and H2 effects were approximately equal and independent in the corpus.
Epidemiology and toxicology of arsenic poisoning in domestic animals.
Authors: L A Selby, A A Case, G D Osweiler, H M Hayes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Arsenic poisoning is one of the more important causes of heavy metal poisoning in domestic animals. Two species--dogs and cattle--are intoxicated more frequently than other animals; yet sporadic instances of poisoning have been observed in cats, horses, and pigs. Cases observed by veterinary clinicians are either peracute, acute, or chronic intoxications. Frequently the initial and only indication that a severe problem exists with peracute poisoning in a cattle herd is dead animals. Chronic intoxications are also observed in cattle. Acute intoxication is the most common form of arsenic poisoning observed and documented in the dog. Also intoxicated dogs were younger, i.e., 2-6 months of age. Arsenic is a severe alimentary tract irritant in domestic animals, and treatment in most instances consists mainly of symptomatic and supportive treatment. The source of intoxication, when it can be determined, is usually dips, sprays, powders, or vegetation contaminated by pesticides containing arsenic.
TCT-280 Drug−Coated Balloon Versus Drug−Eluting Stent For In−Stent Restenosis: A Meta−Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Daniele Giacoppo, Davide Capodanno, Piera Capranzano, Patrizia Aruta, Corrado Tamburino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Dextran 70 in Prophylaxis of Postoperative Venous Thrombosis. A Controlled Trial
Authors: J. M. Lambie, D. C. Barber, D. P. Dhall, N. A. Matheson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A controlled prospective trial was carried out in a group of 80 women undergoing gynaecological surgery and thought to be at risk of developing postoperative venous thrombosis. The patients, who had been randomly allocated to prophylaxis with either dextran 70 or warfarin, were well matched in age, weight and other predisposing factors. In the warfarin group, 12 out of 40 patients developed deep vein thrombosis, six of these episodes being classified as major and six as minor. In the dextran 70 group, 4 out of 40 patients developed deep vein thrombosis, all of them minor. The protective effect of dextran 70 is significantly better than that of warfarin (P&lt;0·01) as used in the present study.
Agnosia, Apraxia, Aphasia, Their Value in Cerebral Localization
Authors: F. L. MCNAUGHTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

the reader in the approach to the interpretation of the unknown electrocardiogram.This purpose is satisfactorily fulfilled, and an excellent sampling of the vari- eties of electrocardiograms encountered in clinical prac- tice is presented.Interpretative data and clinical corre- lations are concisely and conveniently presented.The inclusion of more cases in which necropsy material could be correlated with clinical conclusions would be desirable.
Sleep disorder (insomnia)
Authors: B. Arroll, A. Fernando, K. Falloon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 53 year old man comes to you complaining of not having slept well for many years. He always feels tired the next day. He has tried sleeping pills, which sometimes help, but he is not keen on taking them continually and has found that the benefits they give him don’t last. He spends about 9-10 hours in bed each night (going to bed about 9 30 pm or 10 pm and getting up at 7 am) and has trouble getting to sleep. His actual hours of sleep are 5.5 to 6 each night. He wakes about three times a night and describes the quality of his sleep as poor.

### Assessment

Rule out secondary causes. To assess whether he has depression or anxiety, for example, ask screening questions, take a full history of depression and anxiety, or use a scale such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, which gives a score for both conditions. Consider sleep apnoea if he snores a lot at night, has periods of apnoea, falls asleep easily during the day (for instance, …
Leiomyoma of the duodenum as a cause of recurrent post-gastrectomy bleeding
Authors: J. L. Dawson
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS A patient with recurrent melaena over a period of four years is reported.He underwent four laparotomies.At the fourth operation a leiomyoma of the second part of the duodenum was found and successfully resected.The clinical features of leiomyomatous tumours of the duodenum are reviewed, and recurrent unexplained gastrointestinal haemorrhage is emphasized as a common manifestation.
Sideroblastic Anemia as a Preleukemic Event in Patients Treated for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Mitsuo Kitahara, Thomas M. Cosgriff, Harmon J. Eyre
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Sideroblastic anemia after treatment for Hodgkin's disease was seen in two patients 3 years after completion of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This was followed in both by the development of myelomonoblastic leukemia. No evidence of recurrent Hodgkin's disease was present in either patient. Our observation suggests that development of sideroblastic anemia in patients previously treated for Hodgkin's disease is probably secondary to the treatment and is a preleukemic event.
Renal failure predisposes patients to adverse outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Robert J. Anderson, Maureen O'brien, Samantha Mawhinney, Catherine B. Villanueva, Thomas E. Moritz, Gulshan K. Sethi, William G. Henderson, Karl E. Hammermeister, Frederick L. Grover, A. Laurie Shroyer
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Circulating levels of biologically active parathyroid hormone in rheumatic diseases.
Authors: J Dunham, B E Bourke, L Bitensky, J Chayen, N Loveridge, J T Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

There has been doubt as to whether elevated levels of parathyroid hormone, reported previously by radioimmunoassay, reflect increased concentrations of the biologically active hormone. The application of a recently developed, highly sensitive bioassay has shown considerable disparity between bioactivity and immunoreactivity in 5 rheumatic conditions and in normal subjects. Six patients with chondrocalcinosis had elevated levels; 3 of these did not have hypercalcaemia or any obvious cause other than possible subclinical hyperparathyroidism. One patient, assayed during an acute episode, had an elevated concentration of the hormone which reverted to normal when she was asymptomatic. Most patients with osteoarthrosis (13 our of 15) had low normal levels; 2 showed unexplained slightly elevated concentrations. Of 6 patients with haemochromatosis 3 had elevated levels, though this may have been related to the associated presence of diabetes mellitus. A third of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (10 out of 30) showed elevated parathyroid hormone levels but without hypercalcaemia. A number of spondylitic patients also showed anomalous results in this assay, possibly due to the presence of an antagonist. This would be consistent with the absence of clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism.
Tubulointerstitial injury induced in rats by a monoclonal antibody that inhibits function of a membrane inhibitor of complement.
Authors: A Nomura, K Nishikawa, Y Yuzawa, H Okada, N Okada, B P Morgan, S J Piddlesden, M Nadai, T Hasegawa, S Matsuo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The kidney widely expresses membrane-associated complement regulatory proteins (membrane inhibitors of complement). The aim of this work was to evaluate the roles of these molecules in rat kidneys in vivo. To suppress functions of rat membrane inhibitors of complement, two mAbs, 512 and 6D1, were used. 5I2 and 6D1 inhibit functions of membrane inhibitors of complement at C3 level (rat Crry/p65) and C8/9 level (rat CD59), respectively. F(ab')2 fragment of 5I2 or 6D1 was perfused in the left kidneys, and perfusate was discarded from the renal vein. After perfusion, the left kidneys were connected to systemic circulation. In rats perfused with 5I2, mouse IgG was found in glomeruli, peritubular capillaries, vascular bundles, and tubules 15 min after recirculation. Binding of C3 and C5b-9 was evident in these areas. 1 d after perfusion with 5I2, cast formation, dilatation of tubular lumen, and tubular cell degeneration were observed. At day 4 through day 7, significant mononuclear cell infiltration and proximal tubule damage were observed. These changes were completely prevented by complement depletion. Rats perfused with 6D1 showed the binding of mouse IgG in the similar areas as 5I2, but C3 or C5b-9 deposition was not observed. Rats perfused with 6D1 or vehicle only did not show any pathology in the left kidneys. These results suggest that rat Crry/p65 plays protective roles against spontaneously occurring indiscriminate attack to tubulointerstitial tissues by autologous complement and that rat Crry/p65 is one of the important factors to maintain normal integrity of the kidney in rats.
Website of the week: Preventing violence
Authors: H. Barratt
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A book review in this week's BMJ (p 289) reflects on ways of preventing violence. There are many types of violence and countless groups working to stamp out the problem both here and in the United States, which, according to many commentators, is experiencing a violence “epidemic.” One excellent site is www.domesticviolencedata.org—an information coordinating system for domestic violence projects in the United Kingdom. The Home Office also has a dull page of links to other government antiviolence programmes (www.homeoffice.gov.uk/domesticviolence). Further afield, both the Family Violence Prevention fund (fvpf.org) and the Center for Study and Prevention of Violence (www.colorado.edu/cspv) are working to combat violence in the US.

Violence in schools is an increasing problem, particularly in America following the recent fatal school shootings. In the light of this, the Virginia Youth Violence Project (http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/curry/centers/youthvio/) is working to identify effective methods for violence prevention in schools. An interesting, thorough article on this topic can be found at (http://eric-web.tc.columbia.edu/monographs/uds107/preventing_contents.html).

Increasing numbers of attacks on staff in the workplace, particularly within the NHS, have received a great deal of media coverage. The NHS has launched a zero tolerance campaign, which has an excellent site at www.nhs.uk/zerotolerance/. The British Association for Accident and Emergency Medicine has produced its own guidelines for staff in A&E departments (www.baem.org.uk/violence.htm). On a wider scale the Health and Safety Executive also provides guidelines for workers (www.hse.gov.uk), while www.workplaceviolence.co.uk provides a forum for sharing ideas on the subject.
Serum Hepatitis and The Paid Blood Donor
Authors: Martel J. Dailey
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The probability of a recipient developing serum hepatitis (SH) is 10 to 50 times greater when the blood donor is a commercial donor (personal communication from J. Garrott Allen).  A study of the demographic characteristics of the commercial donors confirms what logic suggests. Demographic data (age, race, sex, and address) of the SH positive donors and sequential control donors were collected from the files of a large commercial blood-bank and compared for possible differences between antigenaemic and non-antigenaemic donors. There were no discernible differences in age, sex, address, or race of the donors with detectable antigen at the commercial blood bank, when compared with controls. Further, there was no concentration of addresses in the areas of especially high incidence of drug usage in the city. The high SH-antigen rate in commercial blood donors in New York City must have another explanation. The very fact that commercial blood
1011-117 Comparison of 82 Rubidium Positron Emission Tomography to 99 Technetium-Methoxyisobutyl Isonitrile Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Klaus P. Bergmann, Gerhard Glatting, Brigitte Grab, Matthias Hess, Heinz Breuer, Matthias Kochs, Vinzenz Hombach, Sven N. Reske
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
US citizens' use of healthcare services rises
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

US citizens’ use of healthcare services and medicines rose slightly last year, ending several years of “self rationing” that drove down use after the recession, according to a new report.1

The report was released by the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics, a research division of IMS Health, a health industry consulting company, found that patient office visits grew by 2.7% …
Inflammation and Diseases of Connective Tissue
Authors: L. Maxwell Lockie
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Within a period of 5 months the editors were able to have the papers of the symposium available in book form for purchase; 148 speakers participated in the 5-day meeting. Most of the medical reports are limited to 5 pages or less. Long bibliographies are appended to some of them. There are many excellent panels made up of the speakers participating in a particular topic. The moderators of these panels were able to elicit interesting, concrete conclusions or opinions on subjects which usually are left unanswered. Much of this material is new and has not been easy to find in previously published data. Readers will enjoy these discussions. The sections of the book "Current Concepts of Connective Tissue" and "Etiology and Pathogenesis of Collagen Diseases" are especially valuable as much newly published information is available for the first time. These data are pertinent as the understanding of connective tissue diseases
Age-limits for Cervical Cytology
Authors: U. Kroll
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BEIAL JOURAL 1539scoliosis by a group, including an orthopaedic surgeon, an anatomist, a neurologist, a path- ologist, a radiologist, and perhaps an engineer with knowledge of the properties of materials and of stresses and strains.When the distorting forces causing scoliosis are further understood it will be much easier to determine their origin.The beginnings of such a study have already been started at the Brompton Hospital, and will soon be extended.I would welcome hearing from anyone interested in these wider aspects of this problem.-I am, etc.,
The Enanthem of Glandular Fever
Authors: F. I. Caird, P. R. Holt
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Side-effects.-Indoses of 200 mg.or more the drug caused drowsiness and a tendency to sleep in five patients.The sleep so induced was apparently deep, but a slight stimulus produced an immediate awakening without obvious mental "c loudiness."In fact, one patient, when awakened, denied ever having been asleep at all.Complaints of excessive thirst and hunger may have been related to the comparatively lower intake of food and fluid necessitated by the technique of the test.There were no complaints of " hang- over" or drowsiness on the morning after the test. Summary and ConclusionThe effects of N-phthalyl glutamic acid imide (K 17) on thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine have been assessed in nine euthyroid patients.From the results obtained it appears that N-phthalyl glutamic acid imide has a mild but definite antithyroid activity when given in doses of 200 mg.or more.At present the mode of its action is unknown.In the mean- time, therefore, it would seem unjustifiable to use the drug for long-term sedative or hypnotic therapy, pending the results of a more detailed study of its long-term effects in a larger series of patients, and notably those suffering from mild or moderately severe hyper- thyroidism.We should like to thank Professor D. M. Dunlop and Dr.A. G.