tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Accuracy of Mammographic Interpretation
Authors: Daniel B. Kopans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

It should come as no surprise that there is a range of skills and expertise among physicians involved in similar activities. This is true in every endeavor, and it is true for radiologists who interpret mammograms. The findings reported in this issue of the Journal by Elmore et al.1 are therefore not unexpected. The apparent magnitude of the variation among radiologists, however, is in part a result of the trial design itself, which amplified the rates of disagreement. Of the 150 women with mammograms reviewed by the 10 radiologists studied by this group, 54 (36 percent) had benign lesions, which . . .
Paediatric respiratory disease: past, present and future
Authors: G. Hedlin, E. Eber, P. Aurora, K.C. Lødrup Carlsen, F. Ratjen, J.E. Dankert-Roelse, R.I. Ross-Russell, S. Turner, F. Midulla, E. Baraldi, A. Bush
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

aediatric respiratory disease has changed in the past 20 yrs; we could fill a whole issue of the journal paying tribute to our famous forebears.We are posing new challenges to our colleagues in the field of adult respiratory disease.They have to learn to deal with conditions that 20 yrs ago were rare in the adult chest clinic, such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and the long-term consequences of premature birth and congenital malformations of the respiratory tract.Furthermore, studies in childhood are challenging pathophysiological concepts throughout life.
Blood eosinophil counts, exacerbations, and response to the addition of inhaled fluticasone furoate to vilanterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a secondary analysis of data from two parallel randomised controlled trials
Authors: Steven Pascoe, Nicholas Locantore, Mark T Dransfield, Neil C Barnes, Ian D Pavord
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2015)
Hyaluronic Acid Blocks Porcine Pancreatic Elastase (PPE)-induced Bronchoconstriction in Sheep
Authors: MARIO SCURI, WILLIAM M. ABRAHAM, YELENA BOTVINNIKOVA, ROSANNA FORTEZA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We previously showed that inhaled porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) causes bronchoconstriction in sheep via a bradykinin-mediated mechanism. Hyaluronic acid (HA), in vitro, binds and inactivates airway tissue kallikrein (TK), the enzyme responsible for kinin generation. Therefore, we hypothesized that in vivo, HA should prevent PPE-induced bronchoconstriction by binding and inactivating TK. To test this, we measured pulmonary resistance (Rl) in allergic sheep before and after inhalation of PPE alone (500 μ g) and after pretreatment with either inhaled HA at 70 kD, designated low molecular weight (LMW)-HA or 200 kD, designated high molecular weight (HMW)-HA at different concentrations. Inhaled PPE increased Rl 147 ± 8% over baseline values and this effect was associated with a 111 ± 28% increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) TK activity. HA blocked the PPE-induced bronchoconstriction and the increase in BALF TK activity in a dose- dependent and molecular weight–dependent fashion. HA alone had no effect on Rl. Instillation of PPE in the lung increased kinin concentrations in BALF, a result consistent with the PPE-induced increase in BALF TK activity. Our findings show that HA blocks PPE-induced bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent and molecular weight–dependent fashion by a mechanism that may, in part, be related to inhibition of TK activity and the formation of kinins.
Multivitamins for Cancer Prevention in Men
Authors: S. Stanley Young, Myron Katzoff
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obstructive sleep apnea: the use of nasal CPAP in 80 children.
Authors: K A Waters, F M Everett, J W Bruderer, C E Sullivan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

This is a retrospective review of children 15 years of age or younger, who underwent overnight sleep studies between 1980 and 1993. All were diagnosed and treated for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Overnight studies were performed for OSA in 413 children. One hundred seventy-five (42.4%) children were treated with adenotonsillectomy and 80 (19.4%) with nasal mask continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). The proportion of male children was greater than expected in both the entire study group (69%, p < 0.001) and in those treated with nCPAP for OSA (71% p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean age of the children treated with nCPAP (5.7 +/- 0.5 yr) and the entire group studied (5.04 +/- 0.21 yr). A greater proportion of the children who received nCPAP therapy had a congenital syndrome or malformation than in the group with OSA as a whole; 27.7% of children assessed for OSA were affected, and 53% of those children with OSA who received treatment with nCPAP (p < 0.001). Therapy with nCPAP (mean duration 15 +/- 3 mo, mean pressure 7.9 cm H2O) eliminated the signs of OSA in 72 children (90%). Respiratory disturbance index fell from a mean of 27.3 +/- 20.2 to 2.55 +/- 2.74 (p < 0.001). Eight of 32 children who underwent pressure determination studies could not tolerate nCPAP above an upper limit because of hypoventilation or frequent central apneas. Nevertheless, we conclude that nCPAP is an effective and generally well-tolerated therapy for treatment of OSA in infants and children.
Drug-Antibody-Platelet Interaction in Quinine- and Quinidine-induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Douglas J. Christie, Richard H. Aster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Binding of quinine- and quinidine-dependent antibodies to platelets was studied using an electroimmunoassay to measure platelet-bound IgG. Antibodies from four patients with drug-induced thrombocytopenia differed significantly in their interaction with platelets: association constants for binding to platelets at high drug concentrations ranged from 0.29 to 2.6 × 107 M−1, the maximum number of antibody molecules bound ranged from 36,000 to 161,000/platelet, the amount of drug necessary to achieve half-maximum binding of antibodies to platelets ranged from 2 to 60 μM, and only one of the antibodies cross-reacted with the stereoisomer of the drug to which the patient was sensitized. Binding of the antibodies to platelets was enhanced at the highest achievable molar ratio of drug:antibody, 10,000:1, rather than being inhibited, as would be expected in a conventional, hapten-dependent reaction. The drug-antibody-platelet reaction was unaffected by Factor VIII/von Willebrand protein, nonspecifically aggregated IgG, or heat-labile complement components. After pretreatment with tritiated quinine, platelets retained several hundred thousand molecules of drug each, but failed to bind detectable amounts of antibody. However, platelets treated simultaneously with quinine-dependent antibody and tritiated quinine retained significantly more drug after repeated washes than platelets treated with drug and normal serum.
Advisory Committee Report Recommends That US Make Amends for Human Radiation Experiments
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE US GOVERNMENT should apologize to hundreds of citizens who were used in ionizing radiation experiments conducted from the 1940s into the 1970s—often without their consent or even their knowledge. The government should also compensate those who were harmed by the experiments, or their survivors. These are the recommendations the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments has made in its final report, which is due to be released. The committee, which was established by an executive order of President Clinton in January 1994, was charged with investigating the ethical and scientific aspects of human radiation experiments carried out or sponsored by the US government. <h3>Find the Answers</h3> According to Stephen Klaidman, counselor to the committee and director of communications, the committee was charged with finding answers to several questions, including what ethical criteria should be used to evaluate human radiation experiments, what was the federal government's role in past human
THE TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA WITHOUT ALCOHOL, WITH REPORT OF CASES.
Authors: SERAPH FRISSELL
Journal: JAMA (1897)

That diphtheria is an infectious disease, with a specific poison, is universally believed by the medical profession. Whether there are two forms of the disease, the result of different bacteria, is still a mooted question. I believe there are two forms. Just at present, quite as much attention is being given to the treatment as to the nature and cause of the disease. And while the war of words is still raging, and clinical reports both favor and oppose the antitoxin treatment, while judges as well as jurors disagree as to the merits and demerits of this new remedy, I find that whichever line of treatment is followed, the greater part of the medical profession still cling to the belief that alcohol, usually in the form of whisky, is a necessity. Believing that alcoholic stimulants are<i>not</i>necessary, but rather are injurious in diphtheria, my purpose in presenting this paper
Care for Working Parents' Children Grows as a Challenge for Nation
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1991)

LIKE A TODDLER tugging at a busy mother's apron strings, the issue of child care keeps pulling at the heartstrings. Although it is possible to ignore it temporarily, until it is dealt with, it likely won't go away. The issue of child care won't go away because one salary will no longer support most families or because, for the 25% of all children who live in single-parent homes, one salary is all they have. Upwards of 50% of mothers of preschoolers and 70% of mothers of schoolage children work outside the home. By the year 2000, these figures will probably rise to 70% and 80%, respectively. <h3>Relatives, Day-care Centers</h3> While their mothers are at work, about half the children are cared for by relatives. Three quarters of the remainder are in family day care and the rest attend day-care centers. Concerns about child care are not new (<i>JAMA</i>. 1988;260:3247-3249). Unfortunately,
An attempt at presymptomatic diagnosis of gastric carcinoma in pernicious anaemia
Authors: T. H. Boon, R. O. K. Schade, G. D. Middleton, M. F. Reece
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Patients with pernicious anaemia were submitted to regular cytological examination at six-monthly intervals over a period of three years, and malignant cells were reported in only two patients, one being shown to have a simple polyp and the other an inoperable fundal neoplasm with peritoneal metastases.The study is being continued.
CASE OF LYMPHADENOMA WITH ERYTHRODERMIA.
Authors: J. M. H. MACLEOD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1925)

Journal Article CASE OF LYMPHADENOMA WITH ERYTHRODERMIA. Get access J. M. H. MACLEOD, M.D., F.R.C.P. J. M. H. MACLEOD, M.D., F.R.C.P. Dermatological Department, Charing Cross Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 37, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1925, Pages 347–353, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1925.tb09966.x Published: 01 August 1925
MORPHINISM: AN UNUSUAL CASE.
Authors: WESLEY E. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Some forty years ago, when Dr. George B. Wood's famous work on therapeutics appeared, he wrote concerning morphinism as follows: "It will not answer to break off suddenly. No fortitude is sufficient to support the consequent misery, and life might be sacrificed in the effort. Of the particular phenomena which might result I have no experience; for I have met with no case in which the attempt has been made, or at any rate more than momentarily persevered in." This doubtless was the consensus of professional opinion at that time, and probably it remains substantially the same to-day. From past instruction reinforced by a limited observation, it had seemed to me doubtful whether such a habit was ever thrown off by a patient, unaided, under any circumstances. How rarely a confirmed "morphin fiend" is cured by the most careful treatment, even in retreats, is well known to every practitioner.<i>A</i>
Cardiovascular effects of tricyclics for enuresis
Authors: G. E. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  I read the article entitled Cardiovascular Effects of Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Antidepressants by Burckhardt et al (239:213, 1978).  The authors mention that children are at increased risk for cardiotoxic reaction from tricyclic antidepressants. In a study with 27 children receiving therapeutic doses of imipramine for enuresis, we 1 demonstrated no substantial ECG alterations. However, the therapeutic range is narrow, and as a dosage schedule of 4 to 5 mg/kg/day is reached, great abnormalities are noticed. Therefore, all children receiving this medication should have a normal ECG before therapy is started.
Anaesthetists get new guidelines for morbidly obese patients
Authors: Toby Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The rising number of morbidly obese people in the UK population has prompted anaesthetists to write new guidelines for managing these higher risk patients, emphasising the need for training and suitable equipment.

In England nearly 3% of women and 1% of men are morbidly obese (with a body mass index (BMI) of >40), and well over a fifth of the population are obese (BMI >30), government figures show.

The new guidelines, issued by the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, say that each hospital should have a named …
1061-94 Recovery of left ventricular function by carvedilol is associated with concomitant increase of myocardial perfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Shinichiro Yamada, Kenji Fujii, Akira Takarada, Takatatoshi Hayashi, Yoshihiro Ikeda, Kohei Yamashiro, Kazuo Mizutani, Teishi Kajiya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Controlled Study of Streptococcal Endocarditis— A Problem of Feasibility
Authors: Robert Edelman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In back-to-back articles inThe Journal, Karchmer et al (241:1801, 1979) and Malacoff et al (241:1807, 1979) called for a controlled, prospective, multicenter study to determine the optimal therapy for endocarditis caused by penicillinsusceptible streptococci. This recommendation is based on the fact that although careful retrospective studies and small prospective studies of various antibiotic regimens have been published, these regimens have not been compared by investigators using identical clinical and microbiological criteria in similar patient populations. Thus, questions remain about the relative safety and efficacy of the different regimens. At first glance, it seems logical to call for a prospective, multicenter trial where these variables can be controlled for each of the different treatment regimens and the superiority of one treatment regimen can be conclusively demonstrated. However, such a trial will probably never be done for the following logistical reasons. The case fatality of patients with penicillin-susceptible streptococcal
Spironolactone for hirsutism: Author's reply
Authors: T E T West
Journal: BMJ (1988)

work, and despite these mcasures the number ot patients treated may often rise.It is lett to the doctors to ration services, which effectively means telling certain people that they cannot be treated or, as is more usual, not telling them that they can be treated.Doctors are not very good at this, and I hope that the purpose of training in management would not be to improve such skills.
Loss of Presenilin Function Causes Impairments of Memory and Synaptic Plasticity Followed by Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration
Authors: Carlos A Saura, Se-Young Choi, Vassilios Beglopoulos, Seema Malkani, Dawei Zhang, B.S.Shankaranarayana Rao, Sumantra Chattarji, Raymond J Kelleher, Eric R Kandel, Karen Duff, Alfredo Kirkwood, Jie Shen
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Passive exposure to tobacco smoke: saliva cotinine concentrations in a representative population sample of non-smoking schoolchildren.
Authors: M J Jarvis, M A Russell, C Feyerabend, J R Eiser, M Morgan, P Gammage, E M Gray
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Saliva cotinine concentrations in 569 non-smoking schoolchildren were strongly related to the smoking habits of their parents. When neither parent smoked the mean concentration was 0.44 ng/ml, rising to 3.38 ng/ml when both parents were cigarette smokers. Mothers9 smoking had a stronger influence than did fathers9 (p less than 0.01). In addition, there was a small independent effect of number of siblings who smoked (p less than 0.01). The dose of nicotine received from fathers9 smoking was estimated as equivalent to the active smoking of 30 cigarettes a year, that from mothers9 smoking as equivalent to smoking 50 cigarettes a year, and that from both parents smoking as equivalent to smoking 80 cigarettes a year. This unsolicited burden may be prolonged throughout childhood and poses a definite risk to health.
COMPARISON OF ONE-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES BETWEEN EARLY INVASIVE AND CONSERVATIVE STRATEGY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARIDAL INFARCTION COMPLICATING CARDIOGENIC SHOCK: DATA FROM KOREA ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION REGISTRY (KAMIR)
Authors: Ki-Woon Kang, Kyung-Tae Jung, Sahng Lee, Shung Chull Chae, Young Keun Ahn, Won Ho Kim, Yu Jeong Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A CASE OF SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA, WITH DORSAL ROOT SECTION FOR PAIN AND SPASTICITY
Authors: LESSER KAUFFMAN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —J. C., aged 37, single, admitted Oct. 6, 1910, to the Buffalo General Hospital. Family history, negative. Usual diseases of childhood. Railroad accident at the age of 7 leaving right ankle ankylosed. Typhoid at 17; recovery complete. At 19, acute rheumatism of joints of legs for six months; another attack at the age of 21, which lasted nine months; recovery. Two attacks of gonorrhea at ages of 23 and 25, leaving moderate stricture; chancre at age of 35; patient had been treated for that and for the stricture. <h3>Present Illness.</h3> —For some time past, patient had a sensation about the body like a girdle pain and some numbness of the legs; had some trouble in walking. Sept. 25, 1910, he felt a sudden shock like an electric current go through the body; abdominal muscles grew tense; patient had to be taken home and later entered the General Hospital. Complaint:
Splenic Trauma During Colonoscopy
Authors: J. Colarian, M. Alousi, R. Calzada
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

A case or splenic rupture following therapeutic colonoscopy is described, and previously reported cases are reviewed. The occurrence of this event and the associated circumstances are often unpredictable. A high index of suspicion is the key to the diagnosis of this rare but potentially lethal complication.
Fluride and Bone Disease
Authors: B. A. Higgins
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>Background and Aims</h3> Virtual Reality (VR) has been shown to reduce anxiety and pain scores for medical procedures, and in conjunction with regional anaesthesia (RA), has been reported to reduce sedation requirements, and improve patient satisfaction(1). We aimed to implement the use of VR for patients undergoing awake upper limb surgery under RA at our institution. <h3>Methods</h3> Three Occulus Quest 2 VR headsets were kindly donated from Sintetica. The implementation process required several steps; local approval from clinical engineering and infection control to permit the use of these headsets on patients; establishing and troubleshooting the VR set up, which required disabling the boundary limit in order to have continuous use of the headset regardless of patient positioning; selecting appropriate media which included videos and immersive experiences. Patients who agreed to trial the VR headset were then asked for feedback. <h3>Results</h3> The implementation of VR into our practice required technical preparation as well as local engagement to ensure multi-disciplinary awareness and buy-in, in particular from our ODPs and surgical colleagues. Initial feedback from surgeons and patients is positive, with reports noting the improved experience with VR in those with a history of previous surgeries under RA. Others noted the preferred media selection for future occurrences, such as documentaries or relaxing experiences, being mindful of which may result in nausea. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A larger cohort of patients is required to evaluate the impact of VR as an adjunct to awake surgery on patient experience, but our preliminary service evaluation has provided very promising results.
Fourier Phase Analysis in Non-cyclic Dynamic Studies
Authors: MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, STEPHEN R. BUNKER, JACK L. LANCASTER, ROBERT J. TELEPAK, CRAIG S. HAMMES, ROBERT D. KARL, MICHAEL A. CAWTHON, WILLIAM H. HOWARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Single harmonic Fourier amplitude and phase (FA/P) analyses of 129 radionuclide angiographic (RNA) studies were found to reflect accurately the sequence and quantity of perfusion determined in the independently interpreted RNA studies. In addition, the anatomic detailing in peripheral studies (hands, feet, etc.) was considered superior to that obtained in RNA studies.