tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A population study of the natural history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1953-1989.
Authors: T M Munger, D L Packer, S C Hammill, B J Feldman, K R Bailey, D J Ballard, D R Holmes, B J Gersh
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Virtually all natural history studies of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome have been case series and, as such, have been constrained by referral biases, skewed age and sex distributions, or brief follow-up periods. The purpose of our study was to examine the natural history, the development of arrhythmias, and the incidence of sudden death in an entire cohort of pediatric and adult WPW patients from a community-based local population. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified 113 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, during the period 1953-1989 using the centralized records-linkage system provided by the Mayo Clinic and the Rochester Epidemiology Program Project. Medical records and ECGs were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and to establish pathway location by ECG criteria. Follow-up, via record review and telephone interview, was complete in 95% of subjects through 1990. The incidence of newly diagnosed cases was approximately four per 100,000 per year. Preexcitation was not present on the initial ECG of 22% of the cohort. Approximately 50% of the population was asymptomatic at diagnosis, with 30% subsequently having symptoms related to arrhythmia at follow-up. Two sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) occurred over 1,338 patient-years of follow-up, yielding an overall SCD rate of 0.0015 (95% confidence interval, 0.0002-0.0054) per patient-year. No SCD occurred in patients asymptomatic at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of sudden death in a local community-based population is low and suggests that electrophysiological testing should not be performed routinely in asymptomatic patients with WPW syndrome. Nevertheless, young, asymptomatic patients, particularly those &lt; 40 years old, should return for medical follow-up should symptoms develop.
Antigens of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III/Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus
Authors: M. ESSEX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Antigens encoded by the gag and env genes of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) include a p55 gag polyprotein that yields p24 as the major virus core protein, and an env gene polyprotein, gp 160, that produces gp 120, the most immunogenic protein in humans, at the amino terminus. Although its use is limited to research laboratories due to the cost and specialized procedures involved, the analysis of sera by radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is the test providing the optimal balance of specificity and sensitivity. Because the gp 120 represents the external virus protein, it would be the most appropriate antigen for vaccine development. Also viruses serologically related to HTLV-III/LAV were detected recently in two species of Old World monkeys. Because about half the healthy African green monkeys appear to have been exposed to simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III), a related agent of the species, a characterization of the STLV-III gp 120 and immune response of the host may provide additional information for vaccine development.
Does the Clinical Examination Predict Airflow Limitation?
Authors: Donald R. Holleman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>CLINICAL SCENARIOS—DO THESE PATIENTS HAVE AIRFLOW LIMITATION?</h3> In each of the following cases, the clinician needs to decide whether the patient has airflow limitation: In case 1, a 63-year-old man who has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for the past 47 years presents with decreased exercise tolerance caused by shortness of breath. In case 2, a 35-year-old woman complains of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath every autumn. In case 3, an 18-year-old man is brought to an emergency department with extreme difficulty breathing that began earlier that evening. <h3>WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO DETECT AIRFLOW LIMITATION BY CLINICAL EXAMINATION?</h3> Airflow limitation is a disorder known by many names, including airway obstruction and obstructive airways disease. Recognizing airflow limitation can lead to appropriate treatment and can yield important prognostic information. Patients with symptomatic airflow limitation may benefit by treatment with oral or inhaled bronchodilators, oral or inhaled glucocorticoids,
Patients at Risk
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In clinical trials, the term “patients at risk” refers to the altruistic people who volunteer to participate in studies of novel treatments. In this issue of the Journal, three reports13 provide details about patients who were participating in trials involving experimental treatment with natalizumab for either multiple sclerosis or Crohn's disease and who were affected by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). PML is a rapidly progressive, often fatal demyelinating brain disorder caused by infection of the central nervous system with JC virus4; it usually occurs in patients with diminished T-cell function. These events remind us once again of the . . .
STANDARDIZED APPROACH TO PATIENTS WITH ANOMALOUS AORTIC ORIGIN OF A CORONARY ARTERY: RESULTS FROM THE CORONARY ANOMALIES PROGRAM AT TEXAS CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL
Authors: Silvana Molossi, Carlos Mery, Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Kristen Sexson, Kathleen Carberry, Carmen H. Watrin, Dana Reaves, Prakash Masand, Dean McKenzie, Charles Fraser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Micro and Nanoparticle‐Based Delivery Systems for Vaccine Immunotherapy: An Immunological and Materials Perspective
Authors: Jardin Leleux, Krishnendu Roy
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract The development and widespread application of vaccines has been one of the most significant achievements of modern medicine. Vaccines have not only been instrumental in controlling and even eliminating life‐threatening diseases like polio, measles, diphtheria, etc., but have also been immensely powerful in enhancing the worldwide outlook of public health over the past century. Despite these successes, there are still many complex disorders (e.g., cancer, HIV, and other emerging infectious diseases) for which effective preventative or therapeutic vaccines have been difficult to develop. This failure can be attributed primarily to our inability to precisely control and modulate the highly complex immune memory response, specifically the cellular response. Dominated by B and T cell maturation and function, the cellular response is primarily initiated by potent immunostimulators and antigens. Efficient and targeted delivery of these immunomodulatory and immunostimulatory molecules to appropriate cells is key to successful development of next generation vaccine formulations. Over the past decade, particulate carriers have emerged as an attractive means for enhancing the delivery efficacy and potency of vaccines and associated immunomodulatory molecules. Specifically, polymer‐based micro and nanoparticles are being extensively studied for a wide variety of applications. In this review, we discuss the immunological fundamentals for developing effective vaccines and how materials and material properties can be exploited to improve these therapies. Particular emphasis is given to polymer‐based particles and how the route of administration of particulate systems affects the phenotype and robustness of an immune response. Comparison of various strategies and recent advancements in the field are discussed along with insights into current limitations and future directions.
Pregnancy established in an infertile patient after transfer of a donated embryo fertilised in vitro.
Authors: A Trounson, J Leeton, M Besanko, C Wood, A Conti
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In vitro fertilisation after stimulation of the ovulatory cycle has led to successful pregnancy. If more oocytes are recovered than are needed they may be left unfertilised, preserved, or donated to a recipient couple from whom oocytes cannot be obtained. A case of human pregnancy initiated by transfer of a donated embryo fertilised in vitro is reported. The donor was a 42 year old woman with primary infertility from whom six follicles were aspirated after stimulation of the ovulatory cycle. The recipient was a 38 year old infertile woman who had undergone several unsuccessful attempts for artificial insemination from a donor. Five oocytes were recovered from the donor9s six follicles, four of which were inseminated with spermatozoa of the donor9s husband and the fifth with a frozen sample of semen. Three of the four embryos fertilised by her husband were returned to the donor and the fifth was transferred to the recipient. No pregnancy was recorded in the donor, but pregnancy was confirmed in the recipient, though spontaneous abortion occurred after 10 weeks. This case will give useful information for further study of in vitro fertilisation, but also raises many ethical issues.
Etanercept Treatment in Children With New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Pilot Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Mike J.L. Peters
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

I read with great interest the article by Mastrandea et al. (1) discussing the potential of etanercept in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The authors performed a pilot randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study with etanercept and found lower A1C and increased endogeneous insulin production, suggesting preservation of β-cell function. These observations are promising and certainly merit further investigation, but I feel some points of balance …
Asynchronous Electrical Activation Induces Asymmetrical Hypertrophy of the Left Ventricular Wall
Authors: Matthijs F. M. van Oosterhout, Frits W. Prinzen, Theo Arts, Jan J. Schreuder, Ward Y. R. Vanagt, Jack P. M. Cleutjens, Robert S. Reneman
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Asynchronous electrical activation, induced by ventricular pacing, causes regional differences in workload, which is lower in early- than in late-activated regions. Because the myocardium usually adapts its mass and structure to altered workload, we investigated whether ventricular pacing leads to inhomogeneous hypertrophy and whether such adaptation, if any, affects global left ventricular (LV) pump function. Methods and Results —Eight dogs were paced at physiological heart rate for 6 months (AV sequential, AV interval 25 ms, ventricular electrode at the base of the LV free wall). Five dogs were sham operated and served as controls. Ventricular pacing increased QRS duration from 47.2±10.6 to 113±16.5 ms acutely and to 133.8±25.2 ms after 6 months. Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements showed that LV cavity and wall volume increased significantly by 27±15% and 15±17%, respectively. The early-activated LV free wall became significantly (17±17%) thinner, whereas the late-activated septum thickened significantly (23±12%). Calculated sector volume did not change in the LV free wall but increased significantly in the septum by 39±13%. In paced animals, cardiomyocyte diameter was significantly (18±7%) larger in septum than in LV free wall, whereas myocardial collagen fraction was unchanged in both areas. LV pressure-volume analysis showed that ventricular pacing reduced LV function to a similar extent after 15 minutes and 6 months of pacing. Conclusions —Asynchronous activation induces asymmetrical hypertrophy and LV dilatation. Cardiac pump function is not affected by the adaptational processes. These data indicate that local cardiac load regulates local cardiac mass of both myocytes and collagen.
The expression of CD44 glycoprotein adhesion molecules in basal cell carcinomas is related to growth pattern and invasiveness
Authors: None DINGEMANS, None RAMKEMA, None KOOPMAN, None VAN DER WAL, None DAS, None PALS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) of the skin exhibit a wide range of histological growth patterns as well as a highly variable rate of invasiveness. A large body of experimental and clinical studies supports a role for the CD44 glycoprotein family in the latter process. In the present study, we explored the distribution and the level of expression of pan-CD44, CD44v3, CD44v5 and CD44v6 in BCCs. The use of paraffin sections, combined with an antigen retrieval procedure, yielded far more detailed data than would have been possible with frozen sections. On average, the level of expression of the four CD44 isoforms studied appeared to differ relatively little. However, tumours or tumour areas consisting of thin tumour cell strands showed a significantly stronger expression of all four isoforms than those consisting of solid tumour cell groups. Furthermore, the highest CD44 expression was frequently observed in the smallest tumour cell strands in the tumour periphery. In these strands, the label seemed to be located not only at the tumour cell-tumour cell interface, as in other tumour areas, but also on the tumour cell surfaces facing the stroma. We are presently assessing the exact localization of CD44 at the cellular level by immunoelectron microscopy. In most cases, different growth patterns with significantly different levels of CD44 expression were found side by side within individual tumours. CD44 expression is therefore not a static tumour cell characteristic but is correlated with tumour architecture and tumour-stroma interaction.
Serum Angiopoietin Like Protein-2 Levels are Positively Correlated to the Angiographic Severity and Extent of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Aycan Fahri Erkan, Murat Uğurlu, Uğur Erçin, Aslı Tanındı, Berkay Ekici, Bülent Çelik, Ayşe Bilgihan, Hasan Fehmi Töre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
SYMPTOMS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM OBSERVED IN EXHAUSTED SOLDIERS
Authors: W. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1919)

engaged in preparing tie above suimimary lhe was hiimself ataclied by tlhe disease in itss severest form.IHe and lhis colleagues had been workingfor long lhours in the laboratory at culitural and passage experiments wiith the orgAnismi believed to be the "' filtrable virus " of influenza, and the attack found liim overdone anid weary fromi his lf-forgetting efforts to solve a problenm of pressing military an,d general imiiportalnce.M1ajor Gibson lhad no oppor- tunity of revising or even finishing the suiiimmary, wvlich has lhad to be completed fromi hiis notes and reco'rds.H1is death, a grievous: loss to mledical science and to tell Royal Army Medicalr Corps, was still such an end as: a.%oldier would lhave clhosena.Laborious tasks cheerfully undertaken and dangers resolutely faced are -no less glorious in the laboratory than in the trenches.A Filtral)lo Virnvs as tlhe Cause of the Early Stage of the Present
Gemcitabine‐based combination chemotherapy as salvage treatment for refractory or relapsing aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Shih‐Hung Yang, Zhong‐Zhe Lin, Sung‐Hsin Kuo, Ann‐Lii Cheng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

therefore, accelerating the endothelial turnover.Although the increase in EPCs number in our study did not reach statistical significance, it is a well-known fact that PB EPCs are extremely rare and their mobilization takes place hours after the application of the stimulus, whereas in this study the blood was drawn after about 10 min after the goal of the exercise test was achieved.Our observations on the effects of exercise on the CECs may help to explain the benefits that exercise has on the cardiovascular system, suggesting a role of mechanical factors such as BP on the endothelial renewal in physiological conditions.
Use of Aortic Valve Homografts for Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: ROBERT B. WALLACE, EMILIO R. GIULIANI, JACK L. TITUS
Journal: Circulation (1971)

One hundred sixty-nine patients underwent replacement of the aortic valve with an aortic valve homograft; of these patients 17 had concomitant commissurotomy or annuloplasty for an associated mitral valve lesion. Homografts were prepared by sterilization with beta-propiolactone solution and stored in Hanks' solution, or were prepared by sterilization with irradiation and stored at -70 C. Operative mortality was 5.3%. Thirty (19%) of the 160 surviving patients had an aortic diastolic murmur at the time of hospital dismissal, and five of these patients had hemodynamically significant homograft incompetence. For 156 patients, follow-up was longer than 6 months; among the 147 patients who survived operation, there were 12 late deaths. Eighty-four per cent (132) of these 156 patients were alive and well 6 to 54 months after operation. Six patients have required reoperation for valve incompetence. An aortic diastolic murmur was present in 43% of patients. Five patients had significant valve incompetence; four of these patients are markedly improved over their preoperative status. Thromboembolism has been a rare complication despite the fact that anticoagulant therapy was not used. Late calcification of the homograft valve has been noted in only one patient.
Perphenazine and Thyroid Function
Authors: E. H. Cranswick, G. M. Simpson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —We were interested in the letter from Drs. Hollister and Bennett (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:890 [Sept 14] 1963) commenting on our publication (<i>JAMA</i><b>181</b>:554 [Aug 11] 1962) wherein we described our early findings of raised protein-bound iodine (PBI) levels in mental patients receiving perphenazine medication. In their letter they referred only to our 4 initial cases noted on a longitudinal study, but failed to mention the 11 additional cases that we turned up in our first cross-sectional study in another building. To recapitulate briefly, we determined the PBI levels in a group of 32 chronic male schizophrenics selected on the single criterion that they had been receiving only perphenazine therapy for a minimum of three months. We compared them to another group of 28 chronic male schizophrenics, in the same building, in the same age range, selected on the sole criterion of never having received perphenazine. The
566. Delaying the Onset of Diabetes in the NOD Mouse Using Exosomes Derived from Dendritic Cells Transfected with Adenoviral Vectors
Authors: Melanie A. Ruffner, Seon Hee Kim, Nicole R. Bianco, William J. Shufesky, Nick Giannoukakis, Adrian E. Morelli, Paul D. Robbins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Exosomes are nanovesicles produced in the late endosome and secreted by various cell types, including dendritic cells (DC) and other antigen presenting cells. Studies of tumor-derived exosomes have demonstrated that they are capable of suppressing host anti- tumor immune response and placental-derived exosomes play an important role in establishing maternal immune tolerance toward the fetus. We have demonstrated previously that exosomes derived from DC transfected with adenoviral vectors containing anti- inflammatory molecules such as IL-10, IL-4 and FasL are capable of suppressing antigen-specific immune responses in multiple disease models, such as delayed type hypersensitivity and collagen-induced arthritis. In this study, we examine the ability of DC and DC-derived exosomes to halt the progression of diabetes in the NOD model of autoimmune diabetes. Exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation from the enriched culture medium of bone marrow derived DC from NOD/LTJ mice transduced with either an adenoviral vector encoding IL-4 or a control empty vector. NOD/LTJ mice were treated via tail vein injection with either the transduced DC or the exosome preparation. The DC transduced with IL-4 were able to prevent the onset of diabetes with a single treatment to either 5- or 10-week old NOD mice, similar to our previous results. Interesting, treatment of NOD/LTJ with DC-derived exosomes also prevented the onset of hyperglycemia. These results suggest that exosomes from immunosuppressive DC are able to block progression of diabetes in NOD mice and thus could be used clinically to treat type I diabetes.
Myths and mandrakes
Authors: D. J Wilkinson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

I must take issue with Dr Carter (March 2003 JRSM1) over his assertion that the book of Genesis makes an association between mandrakes and fertility. First, the Hebrew word rendered mandrake (dudaim) is not necessarily referring to what we would understand as a mandrake. The word is only used in one other place in the Bible (Song of Solomon 7:13), where they are said to give a good smell. Is it not more likely that Leah's son Reuben (who would only have been four or five years of age after all) brought her a flower in from the field than a root? Secondly, if there is any association, it is a negative one. After giving the mandrakes away, Leah bare two sons and a daughter before Rachel had any children at all. Thirdly, both Rachel and Leah's children are said to be answers to prayer (Genesis 30:17 and 22).
Trial that pays patients to take antipsychotic drugs comes under attack
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

We report three siblings who presented with a clinical picture of persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn and died between 4 and 15 days of age. Pulmonary artery pressure in all was above systemic values, with a right to left shunt via either the foramen ovale or ductus arteriosus, or both. Histology of the pulmonary vascular bed showed extension of muscle into small arteries which are normally non-muscular.
Sex Differences in Incidence of IDDM in Age-Group 15-29 yr: Higher risk in males in Province of Turin, Italy
Authors: Graziella Bruno, Franco Merletti, Antonio Vuolo, Elisabetta Pisu, Mauro Giorio, Gianfranco Pagano
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To report the incidence of IDDM in the age-group 0–29 yr in the Province of Turin, Italy (951, 445 inhabitants 0–29 yr of age), over a 5-yr period (1984–1988) according to age, sex, and geographical region within the area and to identify any temporal trend. Research Design and Methods— The survey used as the primary data source the list of all patients attending diabetic clinics, and as secondary data source, used the list of hospital discharges for diabetes. Results— We identified 298 incident cases of IDDM in people 0–29 yr of age. Estimated completeness of ascertainment of the registry was 97%. Age-adjusted (world-standard) incidence rates were 7.40/100,000 (95% CI 6.28–8.71), 5.83 (4.95–6.86), and 6.70 (5.97–7.51), respectively, in the age-groups 0–14, 15–29, and 0–29 yr. Incidence was significantly higher in males than in females in the age-group 15–29 yr (7.36, 6.02–8.98, vs. 4.21, 3.12–5.56). An increasing incidence from rural areas to the greater Turin area (city and its industrial belt) was evident. No significant temporal trend during the study period was found, although year-to-year variability was evident, with the highest incidence in 1984. Conclusions— This study suggests a high male-to-female ratio of incidence of IDDM after 14 yr; either sex hormones or different exposure to environmental determinants could be involved.
THE TENEMENTS AND TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: S. A. KNOPF
Journal: JAMA (1900)

If I should be asked what conditions are most conducive to the propagation of tuberculosis, and especially pulmonary consumption, I would have to reply: the conditions that prevail in the old-fashioned tenement houses as they still exist by the thousand in this and other large cities. In these tenements there are not only a far greater number of consumptives than in the same area elsewhere, but the proportion is actually greater per number of inhabitants. Thus they not only contain countless centers of infection for old and young, and multiple foci of reinfection for those already afflicted, but these dwellings, with their bad air, darkness and filth, make a cure of the disease impossible, and a lingering death for all those infected by the germ of tuberculosis a certainty. If any one thinks me an alarmist, let him glance at the charts exhibited in this building. There he will see