tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Technetium-99m Triethelene Tetraamine Polysterene Resin Gastric Emptying Studies in Patients with Various Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, PEGGY A. DOMSTAD, FRANK H. DeLAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

The gastric emptying study using Tc-99m triethelene tetraamine polysterene resin with or without metoclopramide hydrochloride was used in six patients with different disease entities: achalasia, gastric lymphoma, primary amyloidosis, Zollinger—Ellison syndrome, duodenal diverticulum, and short bowel syndrome. All patients had abnormally prolonged gastric emptying times. The patient with gastric lymphoma and the patient with Zollinger—Ellison syndrome had virtually no effect from metoclopramide. The patient with a duodenal diverticulum and the patient with short bowel syndrome had partial and good response to metoclopramide, respectively. Endoscopic and/or autopsy examinations in patients with achalasia, Zollinger— Ellison syndrome, primary amyloidosis, and duodenal diverticulum proved the patency of the pyloric canal. The patient with gastric lymphoma had a mass associated with marked pyloric narrowing and lymphoma cell infiltration of the gastric wall, to explain the abnormal gastric emptying. The gastric emptying study with or without metoclopramide may be used noninvasively to measure gastric function, to determine the nature of gastric outlet obstruction, and to evaluate therapy with metoclopramide.
A randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose study of the pan-genotypic NS5A inhibitor samatasvir in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1, 2, 3 or 4
Authors: Bradley Vince, John M. Hill, Eric J. Lawitz, William O’Riordan, Lynn R. Webster, Daniel M. Gruener, Ricky S. Mofsen, Abel Murillo, Eileen Donovan, Jie Chen, Joseph F. McCarville, John Z. Sullivan-Bólyai, Douglas Mayers, Xiao-Jian Zhou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Herpes Simplex Meningitis: Isolation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 from Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Hans Stalder, Michael N. Oxman, David M. Dawson, Myron J. Levin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

HERPES simplex virus (HSV) has been implicated as an etiologic agent of both encephalitis and meningitis. Although it is rarely recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid, the frequent isolation of HSV from brain tissue has established this virus as an important cause of acute necrotizing encephalitis.1 In contrast, its association with "aseptic" meningitis is based primarily on clinical observations2 3 4 5 and serologic data,6 7 8 and has only rarely been substantiated by direct isolation of virus from the central nervous system.9 10 11 12 13 14 Isolates of HSV may be divided into two subtypes, HSV-1 and HSV-2, that differ in biologic properties and epidemiologic patterns.15 HSV-1 is the . . .
Clinical Evaluation of Co-trimoxazole and Furazolidone in Treatment of Shigellosis in Children
Authors: U. Lexomboon, P. Mansuwan, C. Duangmani, P. Benjadol, M. T. M'cMinn
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim—sulphamethoxazole) was compared with furazolidone in the treatment of shigellosis in two groups of 33 and 30 patients respectively. Those treated with co-trimoxazole recovered more quickly; none had shigellae in the faeces four days after the start of treatment, whereas in the group given furazolidone eight still had positive stool cultures seven days after treatment. The susceptibility of 104 shigella strains to seven antimicrobial agents was studied by plate dilution technique. All agents but tetracycline and chloramphenicol were found highly effective against most of the strains tested. All shigella isolates were resistant to sulphamethoxazole, and 63% were sensitive to trimethoprim. Potentiation of trimethoprim by sulphamethoxazole was shown in that all strains tested became sensitive to the combination of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in a ratio of 1:20.
The Effects of β <sub>1</sub> -Blockade on Oxidative Metabolism and the Metabolic Cost of Ventricular Work in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: R. S. B. Beanlands, C. Nahmias, E. Gordon, G. Coates, R. deKemp, G. Firnau, E. Fallen
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The mechanism for the beneficial effect of β-blocker therapy in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is unclear, but it may relate to an energy-sparing effect that results in improved cardiac efficiency. C-11 acetate kinetics, measured using positron-emission tomography (PET), are a proven noninvasive marker of oxidative metabolism and myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇ o 2 ). This approach can be used to measure the work-metabolic index, which is a noninvasive estimate of cardiac efficiency. Methods and Results —The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metoprolol on oxidative metabolism and the work-metabolic index in patients with LV dysfunction. Forty patients (29 with ischemic and 11 with nonischemic heart disease; LV ejection fraction &lt;40%) were randomized to receive metoprolol or placebo in a treatment protocol of titration plus 3 months of stable therapy. Seven patients were not included in analysis because of withdrawal from the study, incomplete follow-up, or nonanalyzable PET data. The rate of oxidative metabolism (k) was measured using C-11-acetate PET, and stoke volume index (SVI) was measured using echocardiography. The work-metabolic index was calculated as follows: (systolic blood pressure×SVI×heart rate)/k. No significant change in oxidative metabolism occurred with placebo (k=0.061±0.022 to 0.054±0.012 per minute). Metoprolol reduced oxidative metabolism (k=0.062±0.024 to 0.045±0.015 per minute; P =0.002). The work-metabolic index did not change with placebo (from 5.29±2.46×10 6 to 5.14±2.06×10 6 mm Hg · mL/m 2 ), but it increased with metoprolol (from 5.31±2.15×10 6 to 7.08±2.36×10 6 mm Hg · mL/m 2 ; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —Selective β-blocker therapy with metoprolol leads to a reduction in oxidative metabolism and an improvement in cardiac efficiency in patients with LV dysfunction. It is likely that this energy-sparing effect contributes to the clinical benefits observed with β-blocker therapy in this patient population.
Acyclovir Plus Steroids for Herpes Zoster
Authors: Michael P. Carson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 May 1997Acyclovir Plus Steroids for Herpes ZosterMichael P. Carson, MDMichael P. Carson, MDWomen and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:It was nice to see an article such as that by Whitley and colleagues [1]. I appreciate their straightforward data analysis, but I think that the absolute difference between treatment arms should be stated as prominently as the risk ratios were.Because acyclovir alone shortens the time to crusting by only 1 day compared with placebo, it would be helpful to know the absolute time to improvement of symptoms. The relative risks that the authors presented were reasonably large with CIs that did not cross 1; however, if the absolute difference between the treatment and placebo groups ...REFERENCE1. Whitley RJ, Weiss H, Gnann JW Jr, Tyring S, Mertz GH, Pappas PG, et al. Acyclovir with and without Prednisone for the Treatment of Herpes Zoster. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:376-83. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 10Page: 831-832KeywordsRelative riskRisk ratioSteroids Issue Published: 15 May 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Great Expectations — The Obama Administration and Health Care Reform
Authors: Jonathan Oberlander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Health care reform is back. For the first time since 1993, momentum is building for policies that would move the United States toward universal health insurance. President Barack Obama has made health care a central part of his domestic agenda, and key members of Congress have promised to introduce ambitious health care reform legislation in 2009. Groups long opposed to reform, including the insurance industry, are reportedly prepared to make a deal. There is thus growing sentiment that "the prospects for meaningful health care reform have never looked better."1 Even so, the political barriers to reform remain immense. The Obama . . .
Ion Channels and Signaling in the Pituitary Gland
Authors: Stanko S. Stojilkovic, Joël Tabak, Richard Bertram
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

Endocrine pituitary cells are neuronlike; they express numerous voltage-gated sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride channels and fire action potentials spontaneously, accompanied by a rise in intracellular calcium. In some cells, spontaneous electrical activity is sufficient to drive the intracellular calcium concentration above the threshold for stimulus-secretion and stimulus-transcription coupling. In others, the function of these action potentials is to maintain the cells in a responsive state with cytosolic calcium near, but below, the threshold level. Some pituitary cells also express gap junction channels, which could be used for intercellular Ca2+ signaling in these cells. Endocrine cells also express extracellular ligand-gated ion channels, and their activation by hypothalamic and intrapituitary hormones leads to amplification of the pacemaking activity and facilitation of calcium influx and hormone release. These cells also express numerous G protein-coupled receptors, which can stimulate or silence electrical activity and action potential-dependent calcium influx and hormone release. Other members of this receptor family can activate calcium channels in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to a cell type-specific modulation of electrical activity. This review summarizes recent findings in this field and our current understanding of the complex relationship between voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, gap junction channels, and G protein-coupled receptors in pituitary cells.
Rates of Glucose Change Measured by Blood Glucose Meter and the GlucoWatch Biographer During Day, Night, and Around Mealtimes
Authors: Timothy C. Dunn, Richard C. Eastman, Janet A. Tamada
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The purpose of this study was to characterize the distribution of the rate of change of blood glucose for a diabetic population.The study population consisted of 124 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes requiring insulin. Study participants applied a GlucoWatch Biographer during the day at home for 5 consecutive days and took finger-prick blood glucose measurements hourly. Subjects kept a diary of meals. The Biographer frequently and automatically measured glucose up to three times per hour for up 12 h. Rates of glucose change were calculated for both Biographer and blood glucose measurements. Rates of glucose change during a separate study of 134 subjects were determined for daytime and nighttime use.-Mean (+/-SD) rates of change of glucose of -0.36 +/- 0.95 and 0.36 +/- 0.99 mg. dl(-1). min(-1) were found before and after lunch using blood glucose data and -0.31 +/- 1.23 and 0.43 +/- 1.26 using Biographer data. For both types of diabetes, rates of glucose change exceeded 2 mg. dl(-1). min(-1) before and after meals approximately 10% of the time. Periprandial glucose patterns showed some significant differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects. Glucose levels changed more gradually at night than during the day.Glucose values were almost equally unstable before and after meals. Glycemic instability around dinner was different in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The GlucoWatch Biographer was found to be effective in tracking trends in glucose levels and yielded similar results as obtained by finger-prick blood samples.
Effects of Hospital Revenue Bonds on Hospital Planning and Operations
Authors: Glenn Wilson, Cecil G. Sheps, Thomas R. Oliver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

A recent paper in the Journal drew attention to "the new medical-industrial complex" in the United States.1 It set forth the great growth of the private profit-making enterprise in the provision of health-care services and pointed to some problems inherent in that development. This paper describes yet another element — the role of private for-profit enterprise in financing the construction and renovation of hospitals — and points to the effects of this role on hospital planning, operations, and costs.Up to the middle 1960s, philanthropic contributions were the largest source of capital for community hospitals. In addition, many hospitals were . . .
A7.4 The specificity of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies for rheumatoid arthritis in a setting of early arthritis
Authors: J Shi, HW van Steenbergen, JAB van Nies, AHM van der Helm-van Mil, TWJ Huizinga, REM Toes, LA Trouw
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies have been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and arthralgia. In anti-CCP2 negative RA patients the presence of anti-CarP was associated with more severe joint destruction. Here we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of anti-CarP antibodies for RA in a setting of early arthritis. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Anti-carbamylated fetal calf serum (anti-Ca-FCS), anti-CCP2 antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF) IgM were measured by ELISA using serum samples available from the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic cohort (EAC). For the anti-CarP antibodies we used as a cut-off for positivity the mean + 2 times the standard deviation of healthy controls. <h3>Results</h3> In total 2086 sera of Leiden EAC patients suffering from early arthritis were analysed for the presence of anti-Ca-FCS antibodies. Anti-CarP antibodies were present in 26% of the patients and in 2% of the controls. We observed that the sensitivity and specificity of anti-Ca-FCS in the EAC cohort for RA are 44% and 89%. As a reference the sensitivity and specificity of anti-CCP2 antibodies are 54% and 96% and for RF IgM are 59% and 91%. Analysing the early arthritis patients that did not fulfil the EULAR/ACR 2010 criteria for RA that were anti-CarP positive (n = 127) revealed that these patients were mainly diagnosed as undifferentiated arthritis (45%), reactive arthritis (9%), psoriatic arthritis (9%) or peripheral spondyloarthritis (8%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Anti-CarP antibodies are predominantly present in RA but can also be detected in other forms of arthritis. The prognostic relevance of anti-CarP antibodies in these latter patients will have to be determined.
Asymmetrical Localization of Tc-99m Sn F2 Colloid Labeled White Cells in the Bony Pelvis After Radiotherapy
Authors: KAM W. CHAN, IAIN E. T. STEWART, CON METREWELI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Radiotherapy induced photopento in the right hemipelvis of a patient with right groin low-grade, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was imaged with Tc-99m Sn F2 colloid labeled white blood cells. Tc-99m HMPAO and In-111 labeled white cells scintigraphy is welt documented while Tc-99m Sn F2 colloid labeled white cell scintigraphy is not so well established, although the technique is easier, cheaper and produces images of similar diagnostic quality.
Massive rectal bleeding in a patient with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Y Y Hwang, P Chan, I C Law, A T Khin, T Yau
Journal: Gut (2008)

A 60-year-old woman, who is a carrier of hepatitis B and C, was diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma in August 2006. She underwent laparoscopic left segmentectomy for a solitary 2×2.8×2.1 …
IgE antibodies to betalactams: relationship between the triggering hapten and the specificity of the immune response
Authors: C. Antúnez, T. Fernández, N. Blanca‐Lopez, M. J. Torres, C. Mayorga, G. Canto, J. Fernández, M. C. Moya, M. Blanca
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: In immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐mediated responses to betalactams (BL) the antibody is directed to the hapten inducing the response. For benzylpenicillin (BP) the determinant is benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) and for amoxicillin (AX), amoxicilloyl (AXO). Because of cross‐reactivity, IgE from some patients reacts to both drugs whereas others have a drug‐selective recognition. After an allergic episode, there is an increase in IgE that decreases over time. We analysed the response of patients allergic to BL after penicillin administration, with emphasis on IgE cross‐reactivity. Methods: Subjects who developed an IgE antibody response were studied. Sequential follow‐up samples were obtained at different times during the response. Changes in IgE specificity were analysed by competition immunoassays using different penicillin monomeric conjugates. Results: Two patterns of response were existed: one with IgE directed to the culprit penicillin and another with IgE mainly reactive to BPO. In both, a variable cross‐reactivity with the hapten triggering the boosting response was found. This pattern was maintained with no change in specificity over time, even in subjects who experienced one boosting event. Conclusion: The IgE response can be specific to the drug inducing the reaction or cross‐reactive to the classical BPO determinant. This pattern is maintained throughout the whole period of the response, even if re‐exposure occurs. The stability of the type of response can be explained by the phenomenon of original antigenic sin: in the presence of antibodies, memory B cells are more easily triggered than naive B cells.
Nutrients and cyclical interdigestive pancreatic enzyme secretion in humans.
Authors: G Holtmann, D G Kelly, E P DiMagno
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It is hypothesised that nutrients increase pancreatic enzyme secretion by converting cyclical interdigestive secretion to a non-cyclical pattern. This study tested the hypotheses that nutrients do not interrupt cycles and determined the relation of nutrients, calories, and osmotic load to the rate of pancreatic secretion. METHODS: Twenty six healthy persons were intubated with oroduodenal and orogastric tubes. Each had one of four different solutions containing 12 to 36% of calories as protein, 24 to 48% as fat, and 40 to 64% as carbohydrate infused into the duodenum at 40, 90, or 160 kcal/h for 300 minutes. Nine g/l sodium chloride (290 mOsm) was added to 16 infusates; osmolality of the other 10 infusates was 24 to 98 mOsm. Pancreatic enzyme outputs were measured every 15 minutes and peaks of enzyme secretion were identified. RESULTS: The number of enzyme peaks was similar for the different infusates and the proportion of nutrients in the infusates did not affect secretion of individual enzymes. The nadir, but not the peak of the cycles of enzyme outputs correlated with increasing the caloric load (r = 0.55, p &lt; 0.003 for nadir:peak ratio). Increasing osmolality did not affect cycling but reduced (p &lt; 0.001) enzyme output. CONCLUSION: Nutrients entering the duodenum do not abolish cycles of enzyme secretion; instead they modulate cycles by increasing the nadir. Forty and 90 kcal infusions submaximally stimulate pancreatic secretion and might be used in patients with pancreatitis without producing pain; adding sodium chloride to solutions should increase this effect.
Resistance to Endotoxin Shock and Reduced Dissemination of Gram-Negative Bacteria in CD14-Deficient Mice
Authors: Alain Haziot, Enza Ferrero, Frank Köntgen, Naoki Hijiya, Shunsuke Yamamoto, Jack Silver, Colin L Stewart, Sanna M Goyert
Journal: Immunity (1996)

Endotoxin shock is the result of activation of the immune system by endotoxin/LPS, a component of Gram-negative bacteria. CD14, a GPI-anchored glycoprotein expressed strongly by monocyte/macrophages, is one of several receptors for endotoxin/LPS. The role of CD14 in bacterial-induced and LPS-induced shock was tested in CD14-deficient mice produced by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. CD14-deficient mice were found to be highly resistant to shock induced by either live Gram-negative bacteria or LPS; however, at very high concentrations of LPS or bacteria, responses through non-CD14 receptors could be detected. Surprisingly, CD14-deficient mice also showed dramatically reduced levels of bacteremia, suggesting an unexpected role for CD14 in the dissemination of Gram-negative bacteria.
Deaths associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices in the United Kingdom between 1973 and 1983.
Authors: P A Smith, C J Ellis, R A Sparks, J Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Almost half a million women currently use the intrauterine contraceptive device in the United Kingdom (estimate of Family Planning Association based on data from manufacturers, clinics, and family practitioner committees).The complications asso- ciated with these devices are well described, and should be outlined to any woman considering their use.'Rarely, however, serious and even fatal complications occur, and in many cases avoidable factors are present.We describe four deaths associated with the use of an intra- uterine contraceptive device and one tragic near fatality. Case reportsCase 1-In 1978 a 26 year old woman presented to her general practitioner with mild lower abdominal pain, for which he found no cause.Two days later she complained of nausea and occasional vomiting but not of pain.Abdominal examination was again un- remarkable, as it was the next day, when she complained of vague epigastric symptoms and was seen by a third doctor.Twenty tour hours later, after reporting only persistent anorexia and lethargy, the patient died in her own home.Seven months previously she had had a copper 7 intrauterine contraceptive device (Gravigard) inserted.The tail of this device had disappeared by the time of an examination at two months, but its presence within the pelvis had been confirmed by x ray examination, and pelvic examination at that time showed no abnormality.The patient died while waiting for curettage to remove the device.At necropsy, a loop of terminal ileum had strangulated round the thread attached to the perforated intrauterine contraceptive device, which had adhered to the lateral pelvic wall.The loop of bowel was isolated deep in the pouch of Douglas, accounting for the minimal symptoms and the lack of signs in the abdomen.A pelvic examination had not been performed.Case 2-In 1976 a 42 year old woman complained to her general practitioner of recent heavy and painful periods.A Saf-T-coil had been in situ for about 12 months.No evidence of pelvic disease was found on examination, and in an attempt to alleviate her symptoms the Saf-T-coil was removed and replaced with a copper 7 (Gravigard).Two days later she was admitted to hospital with gross pelvic sepsis, which progressed to peritonitis and septicaemia and resulted in her death.