tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PHYSIOLOGIC CARE OF COLDS.
Authors: CHAS. H. SHEPARD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

That the condition called a cold is one of repletion, may be readily demonstrated. Among other evidences of this is the fact that treatment based on this theory is uniformly successful. Its acquisition is frequently attributed to some exposure, it may be from lack of wearing apparel, or from atmospheric changes. But a closer examination will show this to be an erroneous conclusion, for on many occasions the observer has been exposed to a great variety of changes without any cold resulting therefrom, when again, under other conditions, with the slightest exposure, in even the hottest weather, one may suffer from the hardest kind of a cold. This results from imperfect elimination, or an inactive condition of the excretory organs. In fact it is the condition of the individual, rather than his exposure. The impurities of the system are being discharged through the mucous membrane, particularly of the head, instead
Prophylactic Implantation of a Defibrillator in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Arthur J Moss, Wojciech Zareba, W Jackson Hall, Helmut Klein, David J Wilber, David S Cannom, James P Daubert, Steven L Higgins, Mary W Brown, Mark L Andrews
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Patients with reduced left ventricular function after myocardial infarction are at risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. This randomized trial was designed to evaluate the effect of an implantable defibrillator on survival in such patients.
Importance of Freedom
Authors: A. J. Ferris
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) remain a potential concern to human health because of their continuing worldwide use. Thiophosphorus OPs, once bioactivated by cytochromes P450 (P450s), form oxon metabolites, which are potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This study investigated the rate of desulfation (activation) and dearylation (detoxification) of parathion and chlorpyrifos in human liver microsomes. In addition, recombinant human P450s were used to quantify, for the first time, the P450-specific kinetic variables (<i>K</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>V</i><sub>max</sub>) for each compound for future use in refining human physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models of OP exposure. CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4, 3A5, and 3A7 were found to be active to a widely varying degree in parathion metabolism, whereas all, with the exception of CYP2C9, were also found to be active in chlorpyrifos metabolism. CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 demonstrated low <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> and high <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> values for the metabolism of both model compounds, which supports their role as the primary enzymes that regulate metabolism at low-level human exposures to OPs. With <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> values of 0.61 μM, 4827 pmol/min/nmol P450 and 0.81 μM, 12,544 pmol/min/nmol for formation of paraoxon and chlorpyrifos-oxon, respectively, CYP2B6 favored the desulfation reaction. CYP2C19 activity favored dearylation with <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> values of 0.60 μM, 2338 pmol/min/nmol P450 and 1.63 μM, 13,128 pmol/min/nmol for formation of <i>p</i>-nitrophenol and 3,4,5-tricholorpyrindinol, respectively. P450-specific kinetic parameters for OP metabolism will be used with age-dependent hepatic P450 content to enhance PBPK/PD models so that OP exposures can be modeled to protect human health in different age groups.
Effect of sympathomimetics on gastrin secretion from antral G cells in culture.
Authors: A M Buchan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Clinical data indicate that the control of gastrin secretion from the human antrum has a beta-adrenergic component. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether this was due to the presence of beta-adrenergic receptors on the G cells. A newly developed short-term culture system of enriched antral G cells was used to eliminate the possibility of input from factors in the circulation and the peripheral innervation. The results demonstrated that epinephrine and terbutaline (a beta 2 agonist) significantly stimulated gastrin release above basal which could be blocked by the addition of propranolol (beta-adrenergic antagonist). However, the beta 1 agonist, dobutamine, and phenylepinephrine did not stimulate gastrin release above basal. In addition, simultaneous administration of epinephrine and the neuropeptide, bombesin, resulted in a potentiation of gastrin release. It was concluded that the stimulatory effect of the sympathetic system on gastrin release was mediated through beta 2-adrenergic receptors. The data indicated that adrenaline released from the adrenal medulla and gastrin releasing peptide (the mammalian homolog of bombesin) released from the intrinsic innervation of the stomach interact with respect to the stimulation of gastrin.
Eczematous Dermatitis From Nickel
Authors: Vincent P. Barranco
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Allergic contact dermatitis from external exposure to metals is a well-established medical fact. Nickel, chromate, and mercury are the most common causes of metal dermatitis, with nickel by far the most frequent offender.<sup>1</sup>Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel is most frequently seen in women from exposure to jewelry, especially earrings, and from garter buckles, but is a common finding in the general population and among industrial workers. Less well known are cases of eczematous dermatitis resulting from internal exposure to metals which are likely to result from either medical or dental intervention. This communication reports a case of nickel-induced eczematous dermatitis from a nickel-containing orthopedic metal implant, to our knowledge, the first in this country and the fifth ever reported, and reviews eczematous dermatitis from internal exposure to metals. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 20-year-old white woman had her ears pierced in 1967. In July 1968,
WHO will not hire smokers
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Smokers will no longer be eligible for employment at the World Health Organization, the agency has announced. Effective immediately, all job applicants will be asked if they smoke, and if so, whether they are willing to quit. The application process will be terminated in the case of smokers who refuse to stop. WHO offers a number of programmes for employees seeking to quit smoking.

The rule will extend to users of chewing or snuff …
Application of a monoclonal antibody specific for the δ chain of hemoglobin A<sub>2</sub> in the diagnosis of β thalassemia
Authors: M. Shyamala, Charles R. Kiefer, Hugo Moscoso, Fred A. Garver
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We have developed a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the δ chain of hemoglobin (Hb) A 2 that does not cross‐react with α, β, or γ chains. The mAb reacted with Hb P‐Nilotic (β δ hybrid), but not with Hb Lepore‐Boston (δ β hybrid), indicating an epitope consisting of positions 116 (Arg) and 117 (Asn) or 125 (Gin) and 126 (Met) of the δ chain. By using this antibody, we have established a simple and rapid enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and quantification of Hb A 2 in adult, cord, and fetal hemolysates. We analyzed 70 adult, 8 newborn, and 19 fetal hemolysates from normal subjects and those with various hemoglobinopathies. The mean percentage of Hb A 2 was 2.5 for normal adults, 5.4 for β thalassemic (β thai) heterozygotes, and &lt;0.1% in β thal fetal samples. We were able to distinguish and characterize certain phenotypes of β thai patients such as β thai heterozygotes, β° thai homozygotes, and Cβ° thal, and Cβ° thal double heterozygotes with the aid of this and other mAbs we have generated. This technique is a valuable addition to current methods for the diagnosis of β thai based on quantification of Hb A 2 .
The Nasal Spatiometer: A Suggested Name for Dean's Septimeter
Authors: Henry Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have just read with interest an article inThe Journal(Nov. 26. 1910, p. 1858) by Dr. L. W. Dean, on "Changes in the Nose After Widening the Palatal Arch." It seems to me that Dr. Dean would attract more attention to his septimeter and to his particular line of investigation were he to give his instrument another name. There are septometers on the market. In fact, I described a nasal septometer in the<i>New York Medical Journal</i>, July 13, 1901. A nasal septometer is an instrument devised to measure the nasal septum, its thickness at any point. Dr. Dean's instrument was designed to measure, not the septum, but the distance between the septum and the turbinate bone; it might just as well be called a turbinometer. Now were he to name his instrument a "nasal spatiometer" he would more definitely describe the use Of his
Cancer prevention and therapy through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Stephanie C. Casey, Amedeo Amedei, Katia Aquilano, Asfar S. Azmi, Fabian Benencia, Dipita Bhakta, Alan E. Bilsland, Chandra S. Boosani, Sophie Chen, Maria Rosa Ciriolo, Sarah Crawford, Hiromasa Fujii, Alexandros G. Georgakilas, Gunjan Guha, Dorota Halicka, William G. Helferich, Petr Heneberg, Kanya Honoki, W. Nicol Keith, Sid P. Kerkar, Sulma I. Mohammed, Elena Niccolai, Somaira Nowsheen, H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe, Abbas Samadi, Neetu Singh, Wamidh H. Talib, Vasundara Venkateswaran, Richard L. Whelan, Xujuan Yang, Dean W. Felsher
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2015)

Cancer arises in the context of an in vivo tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment is both a cause and consequence of tumorigenesis. Tumor and host cells co-evolve dynamically through indirect and direct cellular interactions, eliciting multiscale effects on many biological programs, including cellular proliferation, growth, and metabolism, as well as angiogenesis and hypoxia and innate and adaptive immunity. Here we highlight specific biological processes that could be exploited as targets for the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, we describe how inhibition of targets such as cholesterol synthesis and metabolites, reactive oxygen species and hypoxia, macrophage activation and conversion, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulation of dendritic cells, vascular endothelial growth factor regulation of angiogenesis, fibrosis inhibition, endoglin, and Janus kinase signaling emerge as examples of important potential nexuses in the regulation of tumorigenesis and the tumor microenvironment that can be targeted. We have also identified therapeutic agents as approaches, in particular natural products such as berberine, resveratrol, onionin A, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, curcumin, naringenin, desoxyrhapontigenin, piperine, and zerumbone, that may warrant further investigation to target the tumor microenvironment for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer.
THE THERAPEUTIC VALUE OF WEAK LENSES.Remarks made in opening the discussion at the meeting of the Chicago Ophthalmological Society, March 13,1894.
Authors: F. C. HOTZ
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The editorial on "Superfluous Spectacles" which a few weeks ago appeared in theJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, very justly and ably criticised the tendency, manifested in the practice of many oculists of the present day, to prescribe spectacles in every case of asthenopia. While formerly "weak eyes" have too often been regarded as the result of gastric disorders or systemic weakness, oculists of the modern school are evidently going to the other extreme in assuming anomalies of the refraction or the ocular muscles to be the only sources of discomfort in the use of the eyes. While formerly patients with "weak eyes" have often received unnecessary medicines, they now often receive superfluous spectacles. I fully agree with the writer of that editorial, that it is time to call a halt to this one-sighted practice. In my clinic it has always been my aim, at every suitable opportunity, to
von Willebrand factor antigen levels are not predictive for the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: M Moss, L Ackerson, M K Gillespie, F A Moore, E E Moore, P E Parsons
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In patients with nonpulmonary sepsis, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag or Factor VIIR:Ag) levels have been reported to be predictive for the development of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We addressed the ability to generalize these results by measuring serial Factor vWF:Ag levels in 96 patients at risk for the development of ARDS. Patients with sepsis, pancreatitis, hypertransfusion, witnessed aspiration of gastric contents, abdominal trauma, chest trauma, and multiple fractures were studied. Sequential measurements were obtained at enrollment into the study (T = 0), and T = 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Subjects were grouped into sepsis and nonsepsis categories and analyzed according to the following outcome definitions: ARDS and non-ARDS. The mean values for the sepsis and nonsepsis groups were elevated above normal at all time points. A statistically significant difference occurred in the mean vWF:Ag level for the ARDS and non-ARDS patients in the nonsepsis group at T = 0 (p = 0.05). To assess the clinical utility of these results, ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curves were plotted at T = 0, and optimal cutoff values of vWF:Ag were determined. In the sepsis group, the best value for vWF:Ag above which patients would actually develop ARDS was 399%, resulting in a 70% sensitivity and a 47% specificity. For the non-sepsis patients, the optimal value was 273%, yielding a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 52%. We conclude that measuring vWF:Ag levels are not helpful in predicting the progression to ARDS in multiple at-risk patients.
From the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
Authors: Frederick K. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transforming Growth Factor-β Induces Apoptosis in Rat FaO Hepatoma Cells Via Cytochrome c Release and Oligomerization of Apaf-1 to Form a ∼700-kd Apoptosome Caspase–Processing Complex
Authors: Caroline Freathy, David G. Brown, Ruth A. Roberts, Kelvin Cain
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

In mammalian cells, non receptor-mediated apoptosis occurs via the cytochrome c-dependent assembly of a approximately 700-kd apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1)/caspase-9 containing apoptosome complex. This initiates the postmitochondrial-mediated effector caspase cascade. We now show that receptor mediated transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1))-induced apoptosis in rat hepatoma cells is accompanied by processing and activation of caspases-2, -3, -7, and -8. Furthermore, we show that caspase activation is mediated via the release of cytochrome c and the oligomerization of Apaf-1 into an approximately 700-kd apoptosome complex. Similarly, in vitro activation of hepatoma cell lysates with 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate (dATP) results in the formation of the approximately 700-kd apoptosome complex, which recruits and processes caspases-3 and -7. Z-VAD.FMK [benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe) fluoromethylketone], the pan-caspase inhibitor totally inhibits dATP-stimulated caspase activation but does not block the assembly of the large Apaf-1 containing apoptosome complex. However, the recruitment and subsequent processing of caspases-3 and -7 to the apoptosome is blocked. Similarly, in intact cells, although Z-VAD.FMK blocked TGF-beta(1)-induced apoptosis, it did not prevent the oligomerization of Apaf-1 into the apoptosome. However, recruitment and processing of caspases-3 and -7 were prevented by Z-VAD.FMK. These data show that TGF-beta(1) induces apoptosis via release of cytochrome c and activation of the Apaf-1 apoptosome complex, which initiates the caspase cascade.
Kinesin-Related Genes from Diplomonad, Sponge, Amphioxus, and Cyclostomes: Divergence Pattern of Kinesin Family and Evolution of Giardial Membrane–Bounded Organella
Authors: Naoyuki Iwabe, Takashi Miyata
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Abstract To understand the question of whether divergence of eukaryotic genes by gene duplications and domain shufflings proceeded gradually or intermittently during evolution, we have cloned and sequenced Giardia lamblia cDNAs encoding kinesins and kinesin-related proteins and have obtained 13 kinesin-related cDNAs, some of which are likely homologs of vertebrate kinesins involved in vesicle transfer to ER, Golgi, and plasma membrane. A phylogenetic tree of the kinesin family revealed that most gene duplications that gave rise to different kinesin subfamilies with distinct functions have been completed before the earliest divergence of extant eukaryotes. This suggests that the complex endomembrane system has arisen very early in eukaryotic evolution, and the diminutive ER and Golgi apparatus recognized in the giardial cells, together with the absence of mitochondria, might be characters acquired secondarily during the evolution of parasitism. To understand the divergence pattern of the kinesin family in the lineage leading to vertebrates, seven more Unc104-related cDNAs have been cloned from sponge, amphioxus, hagfish, and lamprey. The divergence pattern of the animal Unc104/KIF1 subfamily is characterized by two active periods in gene duplication interrupted by a considerably long period of silence, instead of proceeding gradually: animals underwent extensive gene duplications before the parazoan-eumetazoan split. In the early evolution of vertebrates around the cyclostome-gnathostome split, further gene duplications occurred, by which a variety of genes with similar structures over the entire regions were generated. This pattern of divergence is similar to those of animal genes involved in cell-cell communication and developmental control.
Preterm Birth and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Robert L. Goldenberg, Jennifer F. Culhane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Preterm births (those occurring before 37 weeks of gestation) make up 12.5% of births in the United States. They account for 70% of perinatal deaths and nearly half of all long-term neurologic complications — the most important adverse outcomes of pregnancy.1 The earliest preterm births account for a disproportionate number of such adverse outcomes. Over the past several decades, despite extensive research and intensive medical and public health efforts, the rate of preterm birth has risen. Preterm birth may follow spontaneous preterm labor (in 50% of cases), membrane rupture (in 25% of cases), or the induction of labor or cesarean . . .
Lack of Antibodies to HTLV-III/LAV in Danish Dentists
Authors: Peter Ebbesen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Dentists often work without wearing surgeon's gloves. Their hands are therefore regularly contaminated with blood and saliva from patients. Furthermore, they may inhale aerosols from patients' saliva mixed with blood. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) can be present in both blood and saliva. 1,2 To determine whether this exposure represents a job-related hazard, a cross-sectional study was carried out on Danish dentists attending the Annual National Dental Association Convention, April 1985.  Nine hundred sixty-one persons representing 22.9% of all Danish dentists gave blood and completed questionnaires. These 961 dentists represented 78.6% of the total number of registered dentists at the convention. Their distribution according to type of job, geography, and sex is similar to that of all Danish dentists. Of the 545 males enrolled, 18.8% were never married. All serum samples were tested for antibodies to HTLV-III/LAV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. Results
The ??Cold Hip?? Sign on Bone Scan
Authors: ROGER F. UREN, ROBERT HOWMAN-GILES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

The "cold hip" sign on bone scan is often seen in patients referred with irritable hip. This sign is due to fluid in the hip joint under pressure causing impaired perfusion of the structures within the joint capsule. In a retrospective review, 22% of patients with this sign on bone scan were found to have septic arthritis at surgery. This fact would appear to justify surgical drainage or aspiration of any hip showing this sign on scan. An attempted follow-up study through the medical records was incomplete because of the short follow-up on most patients. The possibility that temporary impairment of blood supply to the head of the femur causes long-term damage to the hip is unanswered on this study, and a long-term recall follow-up study is underway.
The Physician and National Security
Authors: Howard H. Hiatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The health of the people is really the foundation upon which all their happiness and all their powers as a state depend. — Benjamin Disraeli, 1877The Reagan administration's decision to commit to the Department of Defense $1.6 trillion over the next five years has had the understandable effect of decreasing funding in many other sectors, including health. This reallocation of resources is intended to improve the nation's security. Nobody would dispute the importance of that goal. But I suggest that the time has come for Americans to consider more carefully what really constitutes our national security.In the public . . .
GW25-e5314 BS-KS tablet improves LPA-stimulated endothelial hyperpermeability via RhoA/ROCK pathway
Authors: L.I. Nannan, GuangYin Zhang, AiQin Zhong, AiDi Wang, LiJun Tian, YuanYuan Xu, JunPing Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)