tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IgE‐mediated sensitization to predatory mites in Swedish greenhouse workers
Authors: E. Johansson, B. Kolmodin‐Hedman, E. Källström, L. Kaiser, M. van Hage‐Hamsten
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Predatory mites are used as biological pesticides worldwide for control of spider mites and other pests in greenhouses. The aim of this study was to investigate if predatory and spider mites give rise to sensitization among greenhouse workers who use biological pesticides. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 31 greenhouse workers from Stockholm area who were using the predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis and Hypoaspis miles for control of pesticides. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding to extracts of P. persimilis and H. miles and of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae was analysed with sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) and immunoblotting. Results: A total of 16 workers displayed IgE antibodies to one or more of the three mite species, 32% ( n = 10) to P. persimilis , 52% ( n = 16) to H. miles and 26% ( n = 8) to T. urticae. At least 17 IgE binding components in the molecular weight ranging from 28 to &gt;94 kDa were identified in P. persimilis . In H. miles , at least 11 components were detected, among them at least one major component at about 70 kDa. Twenty‐four IgE binding components were found in T. urticae . Conclusions: In this study we have for the first time shown that the predatory mites P. persimilis and H. miles can cause IgE‐mediated sensitization among greenhouse workers. The clinical relevance of sensitization to predatory mites needs to be investigated in further studies.
Trends in chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in Hudson River basin sediments.
Authors: R F Bopp, S N Chillrud, E L Shuster, H J Simpson, F D Estabrooks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Analysis of sections from dated sediment cores were used to establish geographic distributions and temporal trends of chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminant levels in sediments from natural waters of the Hudson River basin. Radiometric dating was based primarily on the depth distribution of 137(Cs) in the cores and on the occurrence of detectable levels of 7(Be) in surface sediment samples. Eighteen sampling sites included several along the main stem of the Hudson, its major tributaries, and components of the New York/New Jersey (NY/NJ) harbor complex. Drinking-water reservoirs were sampled to place upper limits on atmospheric inputs. Core sections were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT)-derived compounds, chlordane, and dioxins. Sediment concentrations of most contaminants at most sites have decreased significantly since the mid-1960s. The data provide a basinwide perspective on major point-source inputs of PCBs to the upper Hudson River and of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and DDT to the lower Passaic River. Evidence was found for significant but poorly characterized sources of PCBs and chlordane to the western NY/NJ harbor, and of highly chlorinated dioxins to the upstream sites on the main stem of the Hudson. The results indicate that analysis of dated sediment samples is a most effective and efficient monitoring tool for the study of large-scale geographic and temporal trends in levels of particle-associated contaminants.
Transforming growth factor-beta signaling promotes hepatocarcinogenesis induced by p53 loss
Authors: Shelli M. Morris, Ji Yeon Baek, Amanda Koszarek, Samornmas Kanngurn, Sue E. Knoblaugh, William M. Grady
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results from the accumulation of deregulated tumor suppressor genes and/or oncogenes in hepatocytes. Inactivation of TP53 and inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling are among the most common molecular events in human liver cancers. Thus, we assessed whether inactivation of TGF-β signaling, by deletion of the TGF-β receptor, type II (Tgfbr2), cooperates with Trp53 loss to drive HCC formation. Albumin-cre transgenic mice were crossed with floxed Trp53 and/or floxed Tgfbr2 mice to generate mice lacking p53 and/or Tgfbr2 in the liver. Deletion of Trp53 alone (Trp53(KO) ) resulted in liver tumors in approximately 41% of mice by 10 months of age, whereas inactivation of Tgfbr2 alone (Tgfbr2(KO) ) did not induce liver tumors. Surprisingly, deletion of Tgfbr2 in the setting of p53 loss (Trp53(KO) ;Tgfbr2(KO) ) decreased the frequency of mice with liver tumors to around 17% and delayed the age of tumor onset. Interestingly, Trp53(KO) and Trp53(KO) ;Tgfbr2(KO) mice develop both HCC and cholangiocarcinomas, suggesting that loss of p53, independent of TGF-β, may affect liver tumor formation through effects on a common liver stem cell population. Assessment of potential mechanisms through which TGF-β signaling may promote liver tumor formation in the setting of p53 loss revealed a subset of Trp53(KO) tumors that express increased levels of alpha-fetoprotein. Furthermore, tumors from Trp53(KO) mice express increased TGF-β1 levels compared with tumors from Trp53(KO) ;Tgfbr2(KO) mice. Increased phosphorylated Smad3 and ERK1/2 expression was also detected in the tumors from Trp53(KO) mice and correlated with increased expression of the TGF-β responsive genes, Pai1 and Ctgf.TGF-β signaling paradoxically promotes the formation of liver tumors that arise in the setting of p53 inactivation.
Raf: A Strategic Target for Therapeutic Development Against Cancer
Authors: Muralidhar Beeram, Amita Patnaik, Eric K. Rowinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in transmitting proliferative signals generated by cell surface receptors and cytoplasmic signaling elements to the nucleus. Several important signaling elements of the MAPK pathway, particularly Ras and Raf, are encoded by oncogenes, and as such, their structures and functions can be modified, rendering them constitutively active. Because the MAPK pathway is dysregulated in a notable proportion of human malignancies, many of its aberrant and critical components represent strategic targets for therapeutic development against cancer. Raf, which is an essential serine/threonine kinase constituent of the MAPK pathway and a downstream effector of the central signal transduction mediator Ras, is activated in a wide range of human malignancies by aberrant signaling upstream of the protein (eg, growth factor receptors and mutant Ras) and activating mutations of the protein itself, both of which confer a proliferative advantage. Three isoforms of Raf have been identified, and therapeutics targeting Raf, including small-molecule inhibitors and antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ASON), are undergoing clinical evaluation. The outcomes of these investigations may have far-reaching implications in the management of many types of human cancer. This review outlines the structure and diverse functions of Raf, the rationale for targeting Raf as a therapeutic strategy against cancer, and the present status of various therapeutic approaches including ASONs and small molecules, particularly sorafenib (BAY 43-9006).
Midwall Fibrosis Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Marc R. Dweck, Sanjiv Joshi, Timothy Murigu, Francisco Alpendurada, Andrew Jabbour, Giovanni Melina, Winston Banya, Ankur Gulati, Isabelle Roussin, Sadaf Raza, Nishant A. Prasad, Rick Wage, Cesare Quarto, Emiliano Angeloni, Simone Refice, Mary Sheppard, Stuart A. Cook, Philip J. Kilner, Dudley J. Pennell, David E. Newby, Raad H. Mohiaddin, John Pepper, Sanjay K. Prasad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Cytological screening for cervical cancer and human papillomavirus in general practice.
Authors: E. Hiscock, G. Reece
Journal: BMJ (1988)

In a retrospective study of cervical screening in a general practice in Birmingham 156 out of 1913 smears taken over three years showed some abnormality. Smears from 65 women showed severe non-specific inflammation, and 91 women had various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, of whom 53 were aged under 30 and 13 over 40. Of 35 women with clinical evidence of human papillomavirus, 21 had normal results on cervical testing and 14 abnormal results. The incidence of genital warts among sexually active young people is growing, but the association of human papillomavirus with abnormal cervical smears is not clear. The efficacy of screening in the United Kingdom must be improved by actively encouraging younger patients to attend for regular screening.
Fetal insulin and growth hormone metabolism in the subhuman primate
Authors: Daniel H. Mintz, Ronald A. Chez, Edgar O. Horger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, growth hormone, and immunoreactive growth hormone-like substance in subhuman primate fetal and maternal plasma were examined after the intravascular administration of glucose, arginine, or tolbutamide to the fetus. Cannulation of interplacental vessels permitted studies on the fetus in utero without disruption of fetal-placental-maternal anatomic integrity. Single glucose injections, glucose infusions, and arginine infusions into the fetus did not alter fetal plasma insulin concentrations. In contrast, tolbutamide injections elicited an immediate 3-4-fold increase in fetal plasma insulin concentrations. A bidirectional placental transfer of insulin was demonstrated with the use of simultaneously injected insulin-(125)I to the mother and insulin-(131)I to the fetus. Simian fetal plasma contained a substance which cross-reacted with immunologic identity to human growth hormone. In contrast, simian maternal plasma and amniotic fluid reacted with immunologic nonidentity to human growth hormone. Although glucose administration to the fetus did not suppress nor did arginine infusion consistently augment fetal plasma growth hormone levels, the latter were observed to vary in individual experiments. The plasma responses to the same stimuli in the neonate were also examined. In contrast to the fetal experiments, glucose injection in the neonate elicited a delayed rise in the concentration of plasma insulin. Similar to the fetus, the plasma concentration of insulin increased after tolbutamide injection and did not change in response to arginine infusion. The initial concentrations of neonatal plasma growth hormone were significantly lower when contrasted with the initial fetal plasma levels. There was no difference in the responsiveness of the fetal and neonatal growth hormone-releasing mechanisms when challenged by glucose or arginine infusion. The data indicate that the fetal plasma concentration of growth hormone is labile, that fetal growth hormone metabolism may differ from that in the neonate, and that pancreatic islet cell responsiveness rapidly changes after delivery.
Abstract LB-163: Modulation of glucose metabolism by CD44 contributes to antioxidant status and drug resistance in cancer cells
Authors: Mayumi Tamada, Makoto Suematsu, Hideyuki Saya
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract An increased glycolytic flux accompanied by activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is implicated in chemoresistance of cancer cells. In this study, we found that CD44, a cell surface marker for cancer stem cells, interacts with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and thereby enhances the glycolytic phenotype of cancer cells that are either deficient in p53 or exposed to hypoxia. CD44 ablation by RNA interference increased metabolic flux to mitochondrial respiration and concomitantly inhibited entry into glycolysis and the PPP. Such metabolic changes induced by CD44 ablation resulted in marked depletion of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in glycolytic cancer cells. Furthermore, CD44 ablation enhanced the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs in p53-deficient or hypoxic cancer cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that metabolic modulation by CD44 is a potential therapeutic target for glycolytic cancer cells that manifest drug resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-163. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-163
Recovery from Uremic Neuropathy
Authors: Arthur K. Asbury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

When long-term hemodialysis for chronic renal failure was first introduced, it was noted that some of the patients had severe polyneuropathy. There was concern at first that the neuropathy might in some way be a result of hemodialysis, but it was soon recognized that the same type of polyneuropathy also occurred in uremic patients who were not being dialyzed. In the past decade, a large body of experience has accrued in the management of patients on chronic hemodialysis and in preventing and improving uremic neuropathy. In general, most patients with neuropathy who are receiving hemodialysis find that their condition either . . .
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among Adult New Zealanders of Polynesian and European Descent
Authors: David Simmons, Colin F. Thompson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The metabolic syndrome describes the clustering of risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (1). New Zealand Polynesians of both Maori and Pacific descent have high rates of conponents for the metabolic syndrome: type 2 diabetes (2), obesity (2), hypertension (3), dyslipidemia (4), and coronary heart disease (5,6). There have been no previous reports of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in New Zealand since the release of the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria (7). In this study, we compare the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by ATP III criteria among New Zealanders of European and Polynesian descent.

Residents from a household census in South Auckland were randomly selected using a sampling framework stratified by age, sex, and ethnic group as previously described (2). At each house, questionnaires were completed; weight, height, and waist were measured; and a random venous sample was taken for glucose measurement (into fluoride; spun, chilled, and assayed within 3 h). Those without known diabetes and either a random glucose ≥6.5 mmol/l within 2 h of a meal or ≥6 mmol/l ≥2 h after a meal (defined as “screen positives”), as well as a random control group (28% of other subjects; defined as “screen negatives”) were invited for a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). At the OGTT, fasting samples were also taken for lipids (total, HDL, and …
Abstract P5-14-03: Breast cancer screening and follow-up of abnormal mammogram results: A population-based study comparing results from an urban university cancer center to a national database.
Authors: EP Mitchell, TP Avery, RC Jaslow, AC Berger, SY Lee, C Vaughan-Briggs, J Bonat
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: To improve access to screening, the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) was developed through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide low-income, and uninsured underserved women access to timely breast and cervical cancer screening and diagnostic services. This population-based study investigates the demographics and diagnostic outcomes of women who underwent breast cancer screening through this program established at an urban university cancer center compared to data obtained from the national program database. Methods: The Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson (KCC) launched its screening program with resources from the CDC, the State of Pennsylvania, and the Susan G. Komen Foundation in 2008. The core of the program is staff lead by a Social Worker/Navigator who connects patients to education and screening services, institutional information and guidance, and follow-up to minimize barriers to access, lessen dropout, and ensure follow-through for timely diagnosis and treatment. Working with our Community-Based partner organizations, uninsured and underinsured women in Philadelphia are able to seamlessly travel from education and screening through to treatment and support. All KCC patients evaluated through this program from 2008–2011 were included and records of the NBCCDP database 2006–2010 for this study and analyses. Results: KCC has a substantially larger African American (54.44% vs. 13.8%), smaller Hispanic (8.59% vs. 27.6%), larger percentage of abnormal mammograms (25.96% vs. 14%), higher breast cancer diagnosed per mammogram (2.13 vs 1.0) and a much younger population than the national cohort. Fewer than 1% of KCC patients have been lost to follow-up. Conclusions: The KCC Breast and Cervical Screening and Treatment Program Services reaches a highly vulnerable and at-risk population, has a higher abnormal mammogram and breast cancer detection rate, and a higher continued participation rate than the national cohort. The Social/Worker/Navigator has a distinct role in providing follow-up for abnormal findings to minimize no-shows by providing creative problem-solving, support, counseling, finding resources to minimize barriers, and contributes significantly to the ease of operation and the continued participation of patients in the program. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-03.
BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH STROKES
Authors: MONTAGUE ULLMAN, ARNO GRUEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

The individual who has had a stroke is reacting to a situation of stress that has many unique features. Patients who have experienced mild strokes with little or no residual mental impairment react to the stress in their own idiosyncratic fashion. Some will intergrate the experience successfully; others will become enmeshed in psychopathological manoeuvers of varying severity. In patients with moderate or severe brain damage, the situation is quite different. Here the unique features of the stroke are highlighted, the chief of these being that the very organ governing the adaptation to stress is itself impaired. The resulting clinical picture has to be evaluated now, not only in terms of what the experience means to the patient, but also in terms of the capacity the patient has for evaluating the situation.
EFFECTS OF RADIOTHERAPY OF LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER AND DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION ON PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN LEVELS
Authors: S. F. Quadri, K. A. Lucth, T. Karrison, S. Vijayakumar, M. J. Blend, R. K. Kane
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Quadri, S. F.; Lucth, K. A.; Karrison, T.; Vijayakumar, S.; Blend, M. J.; Kane, R. K. Author Information
Clonal analysis of B cells induced to secrete IgG by T cell-derived lymphokine(s).
Authors: Judith E. Layton, Ellen S. Vitetta, Jonathan W. Uhr, Peter H. Krammer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

To gain insight into how T cell-derived lymphokines induce the secretion of IgG in activated B cells, we performed a limiting dilution analysis, using murine splenic B cells incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a T cell-derived B cell differentiating factor for IgG (BCDF gamma)-containing supernatant (SN). The results of this analysis indicate that such a SN induces a marked increase in the precursor frequency of IgG1-secreting cells and a modest increase in clone size. The precursors lack surface IgG and are committed to the differentiation pathway for IgG1 secretion after LPS activation, but before the addition of BCDF gamma-containing SN. The majority of IgG1-secreting clones arise independently from precursors of cells that secrete IgG3. Taken together, these results indicate that BCDF gamma directs differentiation of activated B cells to IgG1 secretion.
THE EFFECT OF DIURETICS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF EDEMA
Authors: MELVIN W. BINGER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Blackall,<sup>1</sup>an English physician, endeavored in 1813 to analyze a series of cases all presenting definite signs of dropsy. He showed that dropsy was due to several different causes. During the last nine years we have in a similar manner studied approximately 200 cases of varied types of edema. Our aim is to present the clinical observations and course of the various diseases in much the same fashion as Blackall, but in addition to give the results of certain biologic, chemical and therapeutic studies. The edema was actually controlled in some cases, whereas in others the treatment was unsuccessful. Thus, success or failure to rid the patient of edema could be, and was, subjected to critical analysis. We hope that the results reported in this paper will lead to the more general and accurate use of suitable diuretics in the treatment of edema, and possibly to the discovery of
Doctors who fail to raise concerns about colleagues could be struck off
Authors: A. Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

UK doctors who fail to raise concerns about colleagues or about patients’ care could be removed from the General Medical Council’s medical register, the regulator has said.

The GMC has launched a public consultation on proposals to change its guidance on the sanctions that can be issued by fitness to practise panels of the Medical Practitioner Tribunal Service .1 The MPTS runs hearings concerning doctors whose fitness to practise is called into question by the GMC but is designed to be operationally independent from the regulator.

The current guidance on sanctions says that “it may be appropriate to remove a doctor from the medical register when their behaviour is fundamentally incompatible with being …
A Photopenic Region Above a Renal Transplant
Authors: Miguel A. Serpa, Ronald J. Rosenberg, Richard P. Spencer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

On the first day after a renal transplant, a Tc-99m DTPA study revealed the presence of a photopenic region above the kidney, on both dynamic and delayed images. Because this was above the kidney, in a region not perturbed during the transplantation, attention shifted to nearby structures. An ultrasound examination revealed the “negative defect” to be due to a dilated gallbladder, and not directly related to the kidney.
Is the three year breast screening interval too long? Occurrence of interval cancers in NHS breast screening programme's north western region
Authors: C. B J Woodman, A. G Threlfall, C. R M Boggis, P. Prior
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To report the detection rate of interval cancers in women screened by the NHS breast screening programme. <b>Design</b>: Detection of interval cancers by computer linkage of records held by the screening centres in the North Western Regional Health Authority with breast cancer registrations at the regional cancer registry. <b>Setting</b>: North Western Regional Health Authority. <b>Subjects</b>: 137421 women screened between 1 March 1988 and 31 March 1992 who had a negative screening result. <b>Results</b>: 297 invasive interval cancers were detected. The rate of detection of interval cancers expressed as a proportion of the underlying incidence was 31% in the first 12 months after screening, 52% between 12 and 24 months, and 82% between 24 and 36 months. <b>Conclusion</b>: The incidence of interval cancers in the third year after breast screening approaches that which would have been expected in the absence of screening and suggests that the three year interval between screens is too long. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages The NHS breast screening programme invites all women aged 50–64 to be screened every three years To be successful, the incidence of cancers presenting with symptoms between screening appointments—that is, interval cancers—must be kept low More interval cancers than predicted are occurring, and after 24 months the incidence approaches that expected in the absence of screening To reduce the incidence of interval cancers it may be necessary to shorten the screening interval