tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON BACTERIEMIA
Authors: Bennett M. Derby, David E. Rogers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Observations are presented on the course of experimental bacteriemia in rabbits modified by thorotrast reticuloendothelial "blockade" and mechlorethamine induced leukopenia, given singly and together. The production of severe granulocytopenia did not impair the clearance of staphylococci from the blood stream and did not enhance the impairment of clearance produced by thorotrast reticuloendothelial "blockade." Neither severe granulocytopenia nor thorotrast blockade alone produced consistent impairment in the removal of circulating E. coli from the blood stream, whereas when these conditions were present together, the early phases of clearance in these animals were virtually prevented. These results indicate that the host mechanisms operative in the control of bacteriemia differ for staphylococci and E. coli. It is suggested that the fate of bacteria within polymorphonuclear leukocytes may in part determine the importance of these cells in the removal of bacteria from the blood stream.
Multiplication of hepatitis B virus in fulminant hepatitis B.
Authors: C Brechot, J Bernuau, V Thiers, F Dubois, A Goudeau, B Rueff, P Tiollais, J P Benhamou
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The presence in serum of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus DNA, which are each regarded as reflecting multiplication of hepatitis B virus, were looked for one to five days after the onset of hepatic encephalopathy in 64 patients with fulminant hepatitis B. HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA were found in the serum of only 24 (37%) and six (9%) patients, respectively. Hepatitis B virus DNA was absent from the serum in all 13 patients positive for anti-HBs. These findings indicate that replication of hepatitis B virus stopped after the onset of hepatic encephalopathy in most of the patients and support the view that an enhanced immune response stops the replication. Agents that inhibit viral multiplication would probably not have any effect at this stage of the disease.
Arterial Oxygen Saturation in Tibetan and Han Infants Born in Lhasa, Tibet
Authors: Susan Niermeyer, Ping Yang, None Shanmina, None Drolkar, Jianguo Zhuang, Lorna G. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Reduced oxygen availability at high altitude is associated with increased neonatal and infant mortality. We hypothesized that native Tibetan infants, whose ancestors have inhabited the Himalayan Plateau for approximately 25,000 years, are better able to maintain adequate oxygenation at high altitude than Han infants, whose ancestors moved to Tibet from lowland areas of China after the Chinese military entered Tibet in 1951.
Anaphylactic Reaction During a Folfox Scheme Administration Secondary To Calcium Folinate: A Case Report
Authors: Maria Alicia Urena Tavera, Miriam Zamora Verduga, Denisse Angel Pereira, Ricardo Madrigal-Burgaleta, Pilar Berges, Emilio Alvarez-Cuesta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Spirochete antigens persist near cartilage after murine Lyme borreliosis therapy
Authors: Linda K. Bockenstedt, David G. Gonzalez, Ann M. Haberman, Alexia A. Belperron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

An enigmatic feature of Lyme disease is the slow resolution of musculoskeletal symptoms that can continue after treatment, with some patients developing an inflammatory arthritis that becomes refractory to antibiotic therapy. Using intravital microscopy and the mouse model of Lyme borreliosis, we observed that Borrelia burgdorferi antigens, but not infectious spirochetes, can remain adjacent to cartilage for extended periods after antibiotic treatment. B. burgdorferi was not recovered by culture or xenodiagnosis with ticks after antibiotic treatment of WT mice and all but one of the immunodeficient mice with heightened pathogen burden due to impaired TLR responsiveness. Amorphous GFP+ deposits were visualized by intravital microscopy in the entheses of antibiotic-treated mice infected with GFP-expressing spirochetes and on the ear cartilage surface in sites where immunofluorescence staining detected spirochete antigens. Naive mice were not infected by tissue transplants from antibiotic-treated mice even though transplants contained spirochete DNA. Tissue homogenates from antibiotic-treated mice induced IgG reactive with B. burgdorferi antigens after immunization of naive mice and stimulated TNF-α production from macrophages in vitro. This is the first direct demonstration that inflammatory B. burgdorferi components can persist near cartilaginous tissue after treatment for Lyme disease. We propose that these deposits could contribute to the development of antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis.
Lipoprotein (a) Levels in Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship to Metabolic Control
Authors: Luis C. Ramirez, Carlos Arauz-Pacheco, Carolin Lackner, George Albright, Beverly V. Adams, Philip Raskin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine the influence of diabetes control on serum lipoprotein (a) concentrations. Setting: Diabetes clinic of a large metropolitan public hospital, with primary- and secondary-care patients. Design: A cross-sectional study. Comparisons of lipoprotein (a) concentrations were made between a normal control group, a group of diabetic patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) less than 8.0%, and a group of diabetic patients with HbA1c of 8.0% or higher. Patients: Ninety-five normal controls and 93 diabetic subjects (49 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 44 with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). Results: Sixty diabetic subjects with HbA1c levels of 8.0% or higher had higher (25 mg/dL) median levels of lipoprotein (a) when compared with either 93 normal controls (8.8 mg/dL) or 33 diabetic patients with HbA1c less than 8.0% (7.5 mg/dL) (P = 0.008 and P = 0.012, respectively). A similar pattern of distribution of lipoprotein (a) levels according to degree of metabolic control was seen in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. No difference in the lipoprotein (a) distribution was noted between diabetic men and women. No correlation was observed between lipoprotein (a) levels and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: Lipoprotein (a) levels are elevated in poorly controlled diabetic patients. Increased levels of lipoprotein (a) may be a contributing factor to the high risk for atherosclerosis observed in diabetic patients.
The transcription factor KLF2 mediates hepatic endothelial protection and paracrine endothelial–stellate cell deactivation induced by statins
Authors: Giusi Marrone, Lucia Russo, Eugenio Rosado, Diana Hide, Guillermo García-Cardeña, Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Jaime Bosch, Jorge Gracia-Sancho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone: Biosynthesis, Cell Biology, and Bioactivity
Authors: JAMES A. MAGNER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1990)

THYROID-stimulating hormone is a 28,000 dalton, pituitary-derived glycoprotein that is composed of two noncovalently linked subunits, α and β. TSH is chemically related to the pituitary gonadotropins, LH, and FSH, and to placental CG. TSH is synthesized by thyrotropes of the anterior pituitary and stored in secretory granules; it is released into the circulation in a regulated manner, binds to thyroid cells, and activates them to release thyroid hormones. Smith (1) and Allen (2) performed experiments in the early 20th century suggesting that the pituitary contained a thyrotropic substance. Subsequently the subunit structure of the glycoprotein hormones has been determined, and the amino acid sequences of TSH subunits from several species have been learned. In recent years great progress has been made in determining the structures of TSH α and β-subunit genes and the chromosomal localizations and regulation of those genes. These advances have recently been reviewed by Shupnik et al. (3). The posttranslational processing events of TSH subunits have been learned in some detail, and the kinetics of the oligosaccharide processing and subcellular sites of subunit combination and processing have been studied. Investigations of the secretion, metabolic clearance, and bioactivity of TSH have demonstrated important biological roles for the TSH oligosaccharides. Although glycoprotein hormones have proved difficult to crystallize [deglycosylation may aid crystallization (4)], probable tertiary structures have been proposed, and use of monoclonal antibodies and other specialized techniques have allowed the function of domains of the subunits to be postulated.
Serum ferritin and hepatic glutathione concentrations in chronic hepatitis C patients related to the hepatitis C virus genotype
Authors: Giuseppe Barbaro, Gabriella Di Lorenzo, Michela Ribersani, Maurizio Soldini, Giuseppe Giancaspro, Giorgio Bellomo, Giancarlo Belloni, Benvenuto Grisorio, Giorgio Barbarini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
HCN4 Mutations in Multiple Families With Bradycardia and Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Annalisa Milano, Alexa M.C. Vermeer, Elisabeth M. Lodder, Julien Barc, Arie O. Verkerk, Alex V. Postma, Ivo A.C. van der Bilt, Marieke J.H. Baars, Paul L. van Haelst, Kadir Caliskan, Yvonne M. Hoedemaekers, Solena Le Scouarnec, Richard Redon, Yigal M. Pinto, Imke Christiaans, Arthur A. Wilde, Connie R. Bezzina
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
TCT-437 The Impact of Gender difference on Angiographic Characteristics During intracoronary acetylcholine provocation test in Korean patients
Authors: Seung-Woon Rha, Ji Young Park, Sung Kee Ryu, Jae Woong Choi, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Sung Il Im, Sun Won Kim, Jin Oh Na, Seong Woo Han, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Protollin adjuvanted birch pollen extract prevents airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma
Authors: C.R. Rioux, N. Karp, H. Koohsari, N. Bellerose, K. Dubé, D.S. Burt, J.G. Martin, Q.A. Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
?Strong reasons make strong actions? ? The antiviral efficacy of NS3/4A protease inhibitors
Authors: Stanley M. Lemon, MinKyung Yi, Kui Li, Hartmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Background Novel, potent and well-tolerated hepatitis C (HCV) drugs are still needed. BILN 2061 is a potent and specific inhibitor of HCV serine protease in vitro. Pre-clinical toxicology data and studies in healthy volunteers supported the administration of BILN 2061 to patients with HCV infection. Methods The antiviral efficacy, pharmacokinetics and tolerability of 25, 200 and 500 mg bid BILN 2061 given as monotherapy for two days in 31 patients infected with chronic genotype 1 HCV infection and with minimal liver fibrosis (Ishak score 0-2) were assessed in a placebo controlled double blind pilot study. In two, subsequent, placebo controlled studies of similar design, 200 mg bid BILN 2061 was administered for two days to 10 patients with advanced liver fibrosis (Ishak score 3-4) and to 10 patients with compensated cirrhosis (Ishak 5-6). Results Viral RNA reductions of 2-3 log10 copies/mL were achieved in most of the patients. There was a trend towards a higher number of patients receiving 500 mg BILN 2061 achieving a viral RNA reduction >3 log10 copies/mL as compared to patients receiving 25 mg BILN 2061. Advanced fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis did not affect the antiviral efficacy of BILN 2061. BILN 2061 was well tolerated in all studies. Conclusions BILN 2061 is a well tolerated and very active compound, which reduced serum viral RNA concentrations after two days of treatment in patients infected with genotype 1 HCV independent from the degree of fibrosis. Nevertheless further clinical trials are on hold pending resolution of animal toxicity issues.
Topical chloramphenicol is an outmoded treatment
Authors: M Doona, J B Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—A recent issue of the BMJ contained two articles on chloramphenicol eye drops and their association with haematological toxicity. 1 2 Lancaster et al detected three patients with serious haematological toxicity who had used the eye drops (one of whom died).1 These cases, in addition to the …
Abstract 3487: NT-proBNP Independently Predicts Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality In The General Population
Authors: Gerard C Linssen, Stephan J Bakker, Adriaan A Voors, Ron T Gansevoort, Hans L Hillege, Paul E de Jong, Dirk J van Veldhuisen, Rijk O Gans, Dick de Zeeuw
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: The prognostic value of N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) has not been well established in the general population. Methods: Of the population based Prevention of Ren...
The Kidney or the Machine?
Authors: John P. Kemph
Journal: JAMA (1977)

WHEN a person's renal function fails, he has three options: renal homotransplantation, dialysis, or to do nothing. With the last, the uremic syndrome progresses to apathy, drowsiness, anorexia, depression and mild mental confusion, and eventually psychosis. The patient becomes more irritable and less able to control his impulses. He has a greater tendency to deny that he is ill. He covers his feelings of depression, anxiety, fear, and anger, and he tends to blame others for his weakness. The use of kidney transplantation as a treatment for renal failure is rapidly gaining in popularity, yet physicians tend to prefer dialysis. Further, once the decision for dialysis is made, the possibility of transplantation is not often reconsidered. Both are important modalities of treatment, although the psychologic problems are often considerable. Many articles provide information about the improving survival rate of patients receiving transplants; few, however, describe the sociopsychological aspects or the
Antagonistic effects of selenium and lipid peroxides on growth control in early hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nataliya Rohr-Udilova, Wolfgang Sieghart, Robert Eferl, Dagmar Stoiber, Linda Björkhem-Bergman, Lennart C. Eriksson, Klaus Stolze, Hubert Hayden, Bernhard Keppler, Sandra Sagmeister, Bettina Grasl-Kraupp, Rolf Schulte-Hermann, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Activation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor as well as increased serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL)-8 predict poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Moreover, HCC patients display reduced selenium levels, which may cause lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress because selenium is an essential component of antioxidative glutathione peroxidases (GPx). We hypothesized that selenium-lipid peroxide antagonism controls the above prognostic markers and tumor growth. (1) In human HCC cell lines (HCC-1.2, HCC-3, and SNU398) linoleic acid peroxide (LOOH) and other prooxidants enhanced the expression of VEGF and IL-8. LOOH up-regulated AP-1 activation. Selenium inhibited these effects. This inhibition was mediated by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which preferentially degrades lipid peroxides. Selenium enhanced GPx4 expression and total GPx activity, while knock-down of GPx4 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased VEGF, and IL-8 expression. (2) These results were confirmed in a rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. Selenium treatment during tumor promotion increased hepatic GPx4 expression and reduced the expression of VEGF and of the AP-1 component c-fos as well as nodule growth. (3) In HCC patients, increased levels of LOOH-related antibodies (LOOH-Ab) were found, suggesting enhanced LOOH formation. LOOH-Ab correlated with serum VEGF and IL-8 and with AP-1 activation in HCC tissue. In contrast, selenium inversely correlated with VEGF, IL-8, and HCC size (the latter only for tumors smaller than 3 cm).Reduced selenium levels result in accumulation of lipid peroxides. This leads to enhanced AP-1 activation and consequently to elevated expression of VEGF and IL-8, which accelerate the growth of HCC. Selenium supplementation could be considered for investigation as a strategy for chemoprevention or additional therapy of early HCC in patients with low selenium levels.
Clinical Implications of Renin in the Hypertensive Patient
Authors: Hans R. Brunner
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN THE management of a hypertensive patient, the physician is faced with the primary question of what the most effective way to lower the blood pressure is, since blood pressure reduction has been shown to be the key to prevention of the major cardiovascular complications of hypertension.<sup>1,2</sup>More specifically, one must decide whether the hypertensive disorder is potentially curable by surgical intervention, or if not, what minimal antihypertensive drug regimen may succeed in normalizing the blood pressure. The aim of this discussion is to outline briefly how the measurement of plasma renin levels, or quantitation of the renin-angiotensin pressor effect, can be of value in the treatment of essential hypertension and in the diagnosis of surgically curable hypertension. Before reviewing the role of the renin-angiotensin system in clinical hypertension, it is necessary to understand the close physiologic link that exists between this hormonal system and body sodium and water
Moss' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Authors: Grace S. Wolff
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The format of the third edition of this textbook of pediatric cardiology is similar to the second edition. There are five major parts consisting of topics on general cardiology, individual congenital defects, infectious diseases, metabolic and degenerative diseases, and special problems. The sixth part is a comprehensive appendix of drugs and dosages.  Part 1 includes two new chapters, one by R. A. Hurwitz and S. T. Treves on nuclear cardiology and the other by F. W. James on exercise testing. Most of the chapters are brief, except for a well-integrated chapter on electrocardiography by J. Liebman and R. Plonsey, which is a small book in itself. R. A. Meyer has contributed an excellent chapter on M-mode and two-dimensional ultra-sound. Remarkable clarity characterizes the presentation and illustrations.  Part 2 of this book is devoted to the individual lesions. The majority of the chapters have been reorganized and updated. Almost all chapters
Ejection fraction measured by novice sonographers using 3D echo is as accurate as 2D measurement by expert sonographers
Authors: M.L. Chuang, R.A. Parker, M.F. Riley, M.A. Reilly, R.B. Johnson, V.J. Korley, A.B. Lerner, P.S. Douglas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The Effect of Collateral Circulation on Segmental Left Ventricular Contraction
Authors: ROBYN J. CARROLL, MARIO S. VERANI, HERMAN L. FALSETTI
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The anatomy of the coronary circulation was correlated with left ventricular segmental contractile motion in 162 patients: 43 with normal coronary arteriograms, 119 with significant (&gt; 75%) obstruction of the right coronary artery and/or left anterior descending coronary artery. Collateral vessels were identified in 69% of the patients with coronary artery disease (82/119). The cases with collaterals were graded poor, fair, or good according to the number of vessels and the quality of opacification. Segmental contractile motion was determined angiographically by the percent shortening of each of the six chords of the left ventricle in the right anterior oblique projection. The range of normal shortening (mean ± one standard deviation) for each chord was established in the 43 normal patients as follows: [See Equation in PDF File] Patients were grouped according to the site of coronary artery obstruction and quality of collateral circulation to the area supplied by the obstructed coronary artery. The percent shortening and number of abnormal segments were determined for each patient; there was no consistent difference in segmental contraction between patients with and without collaterals. The quality of collateral vessels did not correlate with either the number of abnormal segments or the percent of chord shortening. In summary, the development of collateral vessels is not associated with the restoration of normal segmental wall motion in patients with coronary artery disease.
Six Honest Serving Men for Medical Writers
Authors: Richard Asher
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Kipling's poem gives an admirable summary of the way we get most of our knowledge. Most scientific enquiry is based on these six monosyllables, and the orderly presentation of a scientific paper is helped by trying to answer the six questions they pose. I shall use these six honest serving men here as headings in this communication on the writing of articles for medical journals. I am going to write as if you knew nothing about the subject and as if I knew everything, because I find it easier to write that way. I realize that is not so and that you are probably a capable writer yourself, because the people who<i>can</i>write are generally those who read about how it is done. They are the people with well-used copies of<i>The Complete "Plain Words"</i>by Sir Ernest Gowers<sup>1</sup>and Fowler's<i>Modern English Usage</i><sup>2</sup>; and, if they
In Memoriam
Authors: John Weisburger
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Benjamin L. Van Duuren, a world-class expert in the field of cancer causation and prevention using chemical and analytical techniques, died November 13, 2003. He was 77 years old.

Dr. Van Duuren earned an Sc.D. (Doctor of Natural Sciences) in organic chemistry in 1951 from the University of South
Incident Stroke and Mortality Associated With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Hospitalized With Severe Sepsis
Authors: Allan J. Walkey, Renda Soylemez Wiener, Joanna M. Ghobrial, Lesley H. Curtis, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: JAMA (2011)

New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) has been reported in 6% to 20% of patients with severe sepsis. Chronic AF is a known risk factor for stroke and death, but the clinical significance of new-onset AF in the setting of severe sepsis is uncertain.To determine the in-hospital stroke and in-hospital mortality risks associated with new-onset AF in patients with severe sepsis.Retrospective population-based cohort of California State Inpatient Database administrative claims data from nonfederal acute care hospitals for January 1 through December 31, 2007.Data were available for 3,144,787 hospitalized adults. Severe sepsis (n = 49,082 [1.56%]) was defined by validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code 995.92. New-onset AF was defined as AF that occurred during the hospital stay, after excluding AF cases present at admission.A priori outcome measures were in-hospital ischemic stroke (ICD-9-CM codes 433, 434, or 436) and mortality.Patients with severe sepsis were a mean age of 69 (SD, 16) years and 48% were women. New-onset AF occurred in 5.9% of patients with severe sepsis vs 0.65% of patients without severe sepsis (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 6.82; 95% CI, 6.54-7.11; P < .001). Severe sepsis was present in 14% of all new-onset AF in hospitalized adults. Compared with severe sepsis patients without new-onset AF, patients with new-onset AF during severe sepsis had greater risks of in-hospital stroke (75/2896 [2.6%] vs 306/46,186 [0.6%] strokes; adjusted OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 2.05-3.57; P < .001) and in-hospital mortality (1629 [56%] vs 18,027 [39%] deaths; adjusted relative risk, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.11; P < .001). Findings were robust across 2 definitions of severe sepsis, multiple methods of addressing confounding, and multiple sensitivity analyses.Among patients with severe sepsis, patients with new-onset AF were at increased risk of in-hospital stroke and death compared with patients with no AF and patients with preexisting AF.