tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the effect of thermal processing on the allergenicity of tree nuts
Authors: L. J. Masthoff, R. Hoff, K. C. M. Verhoeckx, H. van Os-Medendorp, A. Michelsen-Huisman, J. L. Baumert, S. G. Pasmans, Y. Meijer, A. C. Knulst
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Allergenicity of foods can be influenced by processing. Tree nuts are an important source of nutrition and increasingly consumed; however, processing methods are quite variable and data are currently lacking on the effects of processing on allergenicity.To perform a systematic literature review on the effects of food processing on the allergenicity of tree nuts.A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed, with screening of references, related articles and citations. Studies were included if they assessed the allergenicity or immunogenicity of processed nuts.The search resulted in 32 articles suitable for analysis. Clinical studies indicate that roasting reduces the allergenicity of hazelnut in individuals with a birch pollen allergy and reactivity to raw hazelnut. Thermal processing may reduce the allergenicity of the PR-10 protein in hazelnut and almond in vitro. The majority of the in vitro studies investigating the allergenicity of nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) and seed storage proteins in hazelnut, almond, cashew nut, Brazil nut, walnut, pecan nut and pistachio nut show heat stability towards different thermal processing methods.Thermal processing may reduce allergenicity of PR-10 proteins in hazelnut and almond, in contrast to nsLTPs and seed storage proteins. This has important implications for source materials used for IgE testing and food challenges and diet advice.
Bone Mineral Density in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Malachi J. McKenna
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 November 1995Bone Mineral Density in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes MellitusMalachi J. McKenna, MDMalachi J. McKenna, MDSt. Michael's Hospital; Dublin Ireland.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. van Daele and colleagues [1] have provided further evidence to support an association between non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and increased bone mineral density. They speculate that this is an anabolic effect of insulin but did not acknowledge the information on bone biochemistry and bone histomorphometry that suggests a reduction in bone formation rather than an anabolic effect [2-5]. A reduction in bone turn-over could account both for patients' failure to accumulate bone during bone growth (yielding a low bone density in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and also for diminution of age-related bone loss in patients with ...References1. van Daele PL, Stolk RP, Burger H, Algra D, Grobbee DE, Hofman A, et al. Bone density in non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:409-14. Google Scholar2. Wu K, Schubeck E, Frost HM, Villaneuva A. Haversian bone formation rates determined by a new method in a mastodon, and in diabetes mellitus, and in osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Res. 1970; 6:204-9. Google Scholar3. McKenna MJ. Miscellaneous causes of osteoporosis. In: Favus MJ, ed. Primer on Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. New York: Raven Pr; 1993:258-62. Google Scholar4. Krakauer JC, McKenna MJ, Rao DS, Fenn NS, Parfitt AM, Whitehouse FW. Long term preservation of bone mass in diabetes mellitus. Calcif Tissue Int. 1993; 52(Suppl 2):S27. Google Scholar5. Krakauer J, McKenna MJ, Buderer NF, Rao DS, Whitehouse FW, Parfitt AM. Bone loss and bone turnover in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1995; 44:775-82. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Malachi J. McKenna, MDAffiliations: St. Michael's Hospital; Dublin Ireland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 9Page: 731KeywordsAnklesBiochemistryBoneBone densityBone remodelingDiabetes mellitusHistomorphometryInsulinOsteoporosisType 2 diabetes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Methemoglobinemia Following Neonatal Circumcision
Authors: Scott Mandel
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Stang et al<sup>1</sup>reported on the use of local lidocaine anesthesia for neonatal circumcision and found no significant complications after several hundred procedures. I recently encountered an infant who suffered from methemoglobinemia following circumcision using local prilocaine anesthesia. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> A healthy 11-day-old was circumcised with a dorsal penile nerve block using 0.2 mL of 4% prilocaine. Two hours later, when the baby was awakened from a nap, he was noted to be gray. He was admitted to the hospital, where results of physical examination were normal except for cyanosis and tachypnea. His arterial oxygen partial pressure (fraction of inspired oxygen, 70%) was 273 mm Hg. However, oxygen saturations (by pulse oximeter) were only 80% to 85%. The blood was noted to be dark and did not change color on exposure to air. After 12 hours of observation and oxygen support, oxygen saturations
β4 Integrin signaling induces expansion of prostate tumor progenitors
Authors: Toshiaki Yoshioka, Javier Otero, Yu Chen, Young-Mi Kim, Jason A. Koutcher, Jaya Satagopan, Victor Reuter, Brett Carver, Elisa de Stanchina, Katsuhiko Enomoto, Norman M. Greenberg, Peter T. Scardino, Howard I. Scher, Charles L. Sawyers, Filippo G. Giancotti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The contextual signals that regulate the expansion of prostate tumor progenitor cells are poorly defined. We found that a significant fraction of advanced human prostate cancers and castration-resistant metastases express high levels of the β4 integrin, which binds to laminin-5. Targeted deletion of the signaling domain of β4 inhibited prostate tumor growth and progression in response to loss of p53 and Rb function in a mouse model of prostate cancer (PB-TAg mice). Additionally, it suppressed Pten loss-driven prostate tumorigenesis in tissue recombination experiments. We traced this defect back to an inability of signaling-defective β4 to sustain self-renewal of putative cancer stem cells in vitro and proliferation of transit-amplifying cells in vivo. Mechanistic studies indicated that mutant β4 fails to promote transactivation of ErbB2 and c-Met in prostate tumor progenitor cells and human cancer cell lines. Pharmacological inhibition of ErbB2 and c-Met reduced the ability of prostate tumor progenitor cells to undergo self-renewal in vitro. Finally, we found that β4 is often coexpressed with c-Met and ErbB2 in human prostate cancers and that combined pharmacological inhibition of these receptor tyrosine kinases exerts antitumor activity in a mouse xenograft model. These findings indicate that the β4 integrin promotes prostate tumorigenesis by amplifying ErbB2 and c-Met signaling in tumor progenitor cells.
Comparison of two methods of screening for genital chlamydial infection in women attending in general practice: cross sectional survey
Authors: L. Grun, J. Tassano-Smith, C. Carder, A. M Johnson, A. Robinson, E. Murray, J. Stephenson, A. Haines, A. Copas, G. Ridgway
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To estimate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in asymptomatic women attending general practice: to assess the potential of the ligase chain reaction as a screening tool; and to evaluate selective screening criteria.Cross sectional survey.Four general practices in northeast London.890 women aged 18-35 years attending general practice for a cervical smear or a "young well woman" check between October 1994 and January 1996. The women were tested for C trachomatis with confirmed enzyme immunoassay (endocervical specimens) and ligase chain reaction assay on urine specimens.Prevalence of C trachomatis infection in women aged 18-35 on the basis of each test; sensitivity and specificity of both tests in this population.Prevalence of confirmed infection was 2.6% (95% confidence interval 1.6% to 3.6%) in all women. Prevalence on the basis of enzyme immunoassay was 1.6% (0.8% to 2.7%), with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 100%. Prevalence on the basis of ligase chain reaction was 2.5% (1.5% to 3.9%), with 90% sensitivity and 99.8% specificity. Screening all women aged < or = 25 and all women who had had two or more partners in the past year would have detected 87% (20/23) of infections.Ligase chain reaction on urine samples performs at least as well as enzyme immunoassay on cervical specimens in this low prevalence population. It offers potential as a non-invasive screening tool. A simple selective screening strategy might be appropriate and would be able to detect most cases of infection. However, a rigorous economic evaluation of possible screening strategies is needed first.
Discovering the Human Body: How Pioneers of Medicine Solved the Mysteries of the Body's Structure and Function
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

"Medical history," as the distinguished historian Henry Sigerist once wrote, "teaches us where we come from, where we stand in medicine at the present time, and in what direction we are marching." Many have documented this fascinating journey, usually in a biographical form, or by historical sequence or social context. Dr Knight approaches it as a sleuth, discovering "How pioneers of medicine solved the mysteries of the body's structure and function." His skills as a forensic pathologist and author (in addition to textbooks, he has published historical fiction and six detective novels) are well suited to the task. In less than 200 fluently written, lavishly illustrated, and amply indexed pages, he has given us a unique account of how the human body was "discovered." The format is a system-oriented tour of medical history, showing how discoveries were made and after whom they were named. The histories of anatomy and physiology
Stealth monitoring of adherence to topical medication: Adherence is very poor in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Jennifer Krejci-Manwaring, Mark G. Tusa, Christie Carroll, Fabian Camacho, Mandeep Kaur, David Carr, Alan B. Fleischer, Rajesh Balkrishnan, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Body Mass Index and Risk of Malignant Lymphoma in Scandinavian Men and Women
Authors: E. T. Chang, H. Hjalgrim, K. E. Smedby, M. Akerman, E. Tani, H. E. Johnsen, B. Glimelius, H.-O. Adami, M. Melbye
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Background: The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and prevalence of obesity are increasing globally. A suggested positive association between obesity and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma has prompted us to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of malignant lymphoma subtypes in a population-based case–control study. Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with 3055 case patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 618 case patients with Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed between October 1, 1999, and August 30, 2002, and 3187 population-based control subjects. The interviews assessed current height, normal adult weight, and other possible risk factors. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of lymphoma were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: BMI was not associated with risk of overall non-Hodgkin lymphoma or of Hodgkin lymphoma (for example, comparing the highly obese group [BMI ≥35.0 kg/m 2 ] with the normal-weight group [BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ], OR for risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.6 to 1.3; Ptrend across all categories of BMI = .27). BMI was also not associated with risk of any non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype evaluated, although there was some evidence of a positive association with risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (for example, comparing the highly obese group with the normal-weight group, OR for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.9 to 2.4; Ptrend =.05). Conclusions: Excess weight does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of malignant lymphoma in general, or with a risk of most major lymphoma subtypes. Hence, the growing incidence of obesity is unlikely to be an important contributor to the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide.
Optimal therapy of hepatitis C
Authors: Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The highest response rates to antiviral therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C have been achieved using the combination of peginterferon and ribavirin. Recently completed controlled trials have reported rates of sustained virological response (SVR) between 50% and 60% in patients treated with higher doses of peginterferon and ribavirin, which was 5% to 1O% higher with standard doses of interferon alfa and ribavirin. The major determinant of outcome of therapy is hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype. With the combination of peginterferon and ribavirin, patients with genotype 1 achieve response rates of 40% to 45%, compared with rates approaching 80% with genotypes 2 or 3 . Importantly, patients with HCV genotype 1 achieve higher rates of response with 48 weeks than with 24 weeks of therapy, whereas patients with genotypes 2 and 3 are adequately treated with a 24-week course. Furthermore, patients with genotypes 2 and 3 require only 800 mg of ribavirin daily to achieve optimal response rates, whereas 1,000 to 1,200 mg daily is needed for patients with genotype 1. Future studies should focus on optimizing the dose of peginterferon and ribavirin by patient characteristics, particularly on resolving the issue of weight-based dosing. For patients with good prognostic factors, a lower dose and shorter course of peginterferon may be adequate for full effect. Importantly, research is needed to show how treatment regimens can best be applied to other patient groups with hepatitis C, such as patients with acute hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, renal disease, solid-organ transplant, neuropyschiatric disease, autoimmunity, and alcohol or substance abuse. (Hepatology 2002;36:S121-S127).
Recent Views on Mechanisms for Lowering Sympathetic Tone
Authors: BERNARD B. BRODIE
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A picture is gradually unfolding of the molecular structures at nerve endings which synthesize and store norepinephrine and release the amine onto sympathetic receptors. Norepinephrine is formed continuously regardless of sympathetic tone and is stored inside a lipoid membrane. The amine is present in two pools—a reserve pool in granules in equilibrium with a mobile pool which is maintained against a concentration gradient by active transport. MAO controls the amount of norepinephrine in the nerve ending so that at the steady-state level the amine does not freely diffuse onto receptor sites. In the absence of sympathetic tone, norepinephrine can leave the storage compartments by simple diffusion through the lipoid membrane onto MAO. After nerve stimulation the amine is released directly onto the receptor sites and reaches the blood stream in the form of bases. This model for the transducer helps to explain the action of a number of drugs. Amphetamine increases blood pressure by releasing a small amount of norepinephrine at peripheral sympathetic nerve endings. Reserpine lowers blood pressure by inhibiting the norepinephrine pump which maintains the amine in the mobile pool; as a result the peripheral stores of amine are depleted by an uncompensated diffusion of the amine onto MAO. Bretylium and a number of benzyl derivatives of guanidine lower blood pressure by preventing nerve impulses from releasing norepinephrine at sympathetic nerve endings. Guanethidine and a number of phenylethyl guanidine derivatives cause lowering of arterial pressure by depleting the peripheral stores of norepinephrine perhaps through a persistent activation of the physiologic release mechanism. Alpha-methyldopa, α-methyl-metatyrosine, and metaraminol may act in a similar way. Finally, considerable evidence suggests that MAO inhibitors lower blood pressure by exerting a bretylium-like action. They not only prevent guanethidine from releasing norepinephrine but like bretylium they appear to prevent nerve impulses from releasing norepinephrine onto receptors.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE PROBLEMS OF THE HARD OF HEARING, SECTION ON LARYNGOLOGY, OTOLOGY AND RHINOLOGY
Authors: Harold Hays
Journal: JAMA (1924)

At the 1923 meeting of the section, the chairman appointed a committee to investigate the problems of the hard of hearing. The data that were collected this year should prove exceedingly interesting, and are the beginning of work along this line that should be of inestimable value in the future. A great deal has been done during the year by the American Federation of Organizations for the Hard of Hearing, which not only attempts to improve the conditions of the adult hard of hearing but also is working on the problems of prevention of deafness. This organization now has more than twenty affiliated bodies all over the United States, and held its annual meeting in Washington, D. C., early this month, which was attended by more than 300 delegates, all of whom are deaf, who came from all parts of the United States. In October, 1923, a committee similar to
Asthma and the Elderly
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES ON THE BINDING BETWEEN STREPTOCOCCAL M PROTEIN AND ANTIBODY
Authors: Howard M. Grey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

A method for detecting type-specific antibody to type 12 beta-hemolytic streptococci is described. The method is based on the utilization of a partially purified I(131) labeled streptococcal acid extract and the solubility of this extract in 40 per cent saturated ammonium sulfate as compared to the insolubility of antibody and antigen-antibody complexes at this salt concentration. The salient features of this technique are: (a) When absorbed sera were used, no non-type-specific reaction with antigen occurred. (b) The sensitivity of the system allowed detection of type-specific antibody in hyperimmune antisera that had been diluted 1200-fold. (c) The method does not rely on secondary manifestations of antigen-antibody interaction for the detection of antibody. (d) As little as 0.03 microg of M(12) protein was detected when soluble unlabeled M protein was used to inhibit the reaction between I(131) M(12) protein and anti-M(12) antibody. (e) The kinetics of the reaction between M protein and anti-M antibody can be studied, thereby making information available as to the quality as well as the quantity of antibody produced in this antigen-antibody system.
New Rules Call for More Oversight, Fewer Hours for First-Year Residents
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevalence of Glucose Intolerance Among Native Hawaiians in Two Rural Communities
Authors: Andrew Grandinetti, Healani K Chang, Marjorie K Mau, J David Curb, Everett K Kinney, Rebecca Sagum, Richard F Arakaki
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To estimate prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) among a population of native Hawaiians in two rural communities.Prevalence of glucose intolerance was assessed in two rural communities by history (confirmed by record review) or with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test according to World Health Organization criteria. Anthropometric and demographic data were also obtained. A short survey was used to estimate the prevalence of known diabetes among nonparticipants. Prevalence rates were adjusted using the standard world population of Segi.A total of 574 native Hawaiians age > or = 30 years participated. The crude prevalence of IGT and type 2 diabetes were 15.5 and 20.4%, respectively. Only IGT prevalence was significantly higher (P = 0.03) among women (18.7%) than among men (10.9%). Prevalence of glucose intolerance was significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). After adjusting for age and BMI, waist circumference and WHR were significantly and independently associated with type 2 diabetes prevalence only among women. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes was not significantly associated with the percentage of Hawaiian ancestry after adjusting for age.This study observed a high prevalence of glucose intolerance associated with being overweight among native Hawaiians. Age-adjusted type 2 diabetes prevalence was four times higher than among the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) II population. Prevalence was high despite high rates of admixture with other ethnic groups of Hawaii, suggesting that these other Asian and Pacific Island populations share similar susceptibility to type 2 diabetes risk.
Purification and Standardization of House Dust Allergens Based on Cutaneous Tests, RAST‐Inhibition, and Complement Assay
Authors: L. Berrens, P. L. B. Bruynzeel, V. A. Fradkin, E. Henocq, G. T. Hoek, W. Kersten, E. I. Lavrenchik, B. Petrunov
Journal: Allergy (1980)