tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ankur Gulati, Tevfik F. Ismail, Andrew Jabbour, Francisco Alpendurada, Kaushik Guha, Nizar A. Ismail, Sadaf Raza, Jahanzaib Khwaja, Tristan D.H. Brown, Kishen Morarji, Emmanouil Liodakis, Michael Roughton, Ricardo Wage, Tapesh C. Pakrashi, Rakesh Sharma, John-Paul Carpenter, Stuart A. Cook, Martin R. Cowie, Ravi G. Assomull, Dudley J. Pennell, Sanjay K. Prasad
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance is the gold-standard technique for the assessment of ventricular function. Although left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction are strong predictors of outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), there are limited data regarding the prognostic significance of right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction (RVSD). We investigated whether cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of RV function has prognostic value in DCM.We prospectively studied 250 consecutive DCM patients with the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. RVSD, defined by RV ejection fraction≤45%, was present in 86 (34%) patients. During a median follow-up period of 6.8 years, there were 52 deaths, and 7 patients underwent cardiac transplantation. The primary end point of all-cause mortality or cardiac transplantation was reached by 42 of 86 patients with RVSD and 17 of 164 patients without RVSD (49% versus 10%; hazard ratio, 5.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.35-10.37; P<0.001). On multivariable analysis, RVSD remained a significant independent predictor of the primary end point (hazard ratio, 3.90; 95% CI, 2.16-7.04; P<0.001), as well as secondary outcomes of cardiovascular mortality or cardiac transplantation (hazard ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.76-6.39; P<0.001), and heart failure death, heart failure hospitalization, or cardiac transplantation (hazard ratio, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.32-5.51; P=0.006). Assessment of RVSD improved risk stratification for all-cause mortality or cardiac transplantation (net reclassification improvement, 0.31; 95% CI 0.10-0.53; P=0.001).RVSD is a powerful, independent predictor of transplant-free survival and adverse heart failure outcomes in DCM. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of RV function is important in the evaluation and risk stratification of DCM patients.
Efficacy and Safety of Enoxaparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Also Treated With Clopidogrel
Authors: Marc S. Sabatine, David A. Morrow, Anthony Dalby, Mathias Pfisterer, Tibor Duris, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Sabina A. Murphy, Runlin Gao, Elliott M. Antman, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Gene Therapy Strategies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Utilizing Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Vectors
Authors: Michael J. Blankinship, Paul Gregorevic, Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Gene transfer vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) are now widely used in the field of gene therapy. These vectors have been studied for their potential use in treating many diseases, among them the muscular dystrophies, the most common of which is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Several recent advances in the areas of AAV serotype analysis, transgene engineering, and vector delivery to muscle, together with novel means of rescuing mutant mRNA transcripts, have yielded impressive results in animal models of DMD. This minireview focuses on these recent advances and their implications for potential treatments for DMD and other neuromuscular disorders.
The experimental production of high-level intraepidermal splits
Authors: CHRISTINE J. SKERROW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article The experimental production of high‐level intraepidermal splits Get access CHRISTINE J. SKERROW CHRISTINE J. SKERROW University of Glasgow, Department of Dermatology, Anderson College Building, 56 Dumbarton Road, Glasgow G11 6NU Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 102, Issue 1, 1 January 1980, Pages 75–83, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb05674.x Published: 01 January 1980
Alopecia areata in children:, response to treatment with diphencyprone
Authors: S. MACDONALD HULL, L. PEPALL, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Twelve children with extensive alopecia areata or alopecia totalis were treated with the contact allergen diphencyprone. The duration of treatment ranged from 5 months to 1 year. Eight of the 12 (67%) regrew scalp hair and in four (33%) there was a complete regrowth. Six months after treatment was discontinued three of the four children with complete regrowth maintained their hair, one had lost all the regrowth and a further child with patchy regrowth at the end of treatment subsequently regrew hair completely while off therapy.
Abstract 2259: Oncolytic attenuated measles virus exploits autophagy for its replication and spreads by suppressing Rig-1 like receptors (RLRs) in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Mao Xia, Patrick Gonzalez, Chunyan Li, Gang Meng, Hongwei Wang, Nike Luehl, Christian Beltinger, Jiwu Wei
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Both autophagy and RLRs are involved in response to microbial infection, including oncolytic attenuated measles viruses, which are being tested in several clinical trials in advanced cancer patients. As little is known about the role of autophagy in measles virus infection and oncolytic activity as well as the crosstalk with RLRs, these mechanisms require further investigation. In this study, we show for the first time that measles virus of the Edmonston strain (MV-Edm) exploits autophagy for its replication and spreads by suppressing RLRs in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). MV-Edm rapidly induced autophagosomes formation in NSCLCs. Inhibition of autophagy by RNAi led to a hampered viral replication/spread accompanied by robustly increased production of type-I interferons. Conversely, overexpression of autophagic genes massively reduced production of type-I interferons and enhanced viral replication. Expression of RIG-I and MDA5 was enhanced in MV-Edm infected NSCLCs and massively increased when autophagy was concomitantly inhibited, suggesting that virus-induced autophagy participated in modulating RLR-mediated anti-viral response. As enhancing viral replication and spread within tumors could improve oncolytic efficiency, our work may lead to improve clinical therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic MV-Edm when combined with autophagy inducers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2259. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2259
Sociality and the Rate of Molecular Evolution
Authors: Lindell Bromham, Remko Leys
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

The molecular clock does not tick at a uniform rate in all taxa but may be influenced by species characteristics. Eusocial species (those with reproductive division of labor) have been predicted to have faster rates of molecular evolution than their nonsocial relatives because of greatly reduced effective population size; if most individuals in a population are nonreproductive and only one or few queens produce all the offspring, then eusocial animals could have much lower effective population sizes than their solitary relatives, which should increase the rate of substitution of “nearly neutral” mutations. An earlier study reported faster rates in eusocial honeybees and vespid wasps but failed to correct for phylogenetic nonindependence or to distinguish between potential causes of rate variation. Because sociality has evolved independently in many different lineages, it is possible to conduct a more wide-ranging study to test the generality of the relationship. We have conducted a comparative analysis of 25 phylogenetically independent pairs of social lineages and their nonsocial relatives, including bees, wasps, ants, termites, shrimps, and mole rats, using a range of available DNA sequences (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA coding for proteins and RNAs, and nontranslated sequences). By including a wide range of social taxa, we were able to test whether there is a general influence of sociality on rates of molecular evolution and to test specific predictions of the hypothesis: (1) that social species have faster rates because they have reduced effective population sizes; (2) that mitochondrial genes would show a greater effect of sociality than nuclear genes; and (3) that rates of molecular evolution should be correlated with the degree of sociality. We find no consistent pattern in rates of molecular evolution between social and nonsocial lineages and no evidence that mitochondrial genes show faster rates in social taxa. However, we show that the most highly eusocial Hymenoptera do have faster rates than their nonsocial relatives. We also find that social parasites (that utilize the workers from related species to produce their own offspring) have faster rates than their social relatives, which is consistent with an effect of lower effective population size on rate of molecular evolution. Our results illustrate the importance of allowing for phylogenetic nonindependence when conducting investigations of determinants of variation in rate of molecular evolution.
Thrombocytopenia Occurring During the Administration of Heparin
Authors: WILLIAM R. BELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

In a group of 52 patients receiving continuous intravenous heparin, 16 developed thrombocytopenia (platelets < 100 000/mm3). Ten of the 16 patients who had thrombocytopenia had elevated titers of fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products, and five of these 10 patients also had a reduction in plasma fibrinogen. The abnormalities disappeared after the heparin preparation was discontinued. These occurrences could not be attributed to drugs other than heparin, to the dose of heparin administered, or to prior exposure to heparin. The mechanism by which the heparin preparation may induce these changes is not known.
Bone Marrow Transplant Pioneer Wins Noble
Authors: J. Waalen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Bone Marrow Transplant Pioneer Wins Noble Get access Jill Waalen Jill Waalen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 21, 7 November 1990, Pages 1675–1676, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.21.1675 Published: 07 November 1990
Hospital acquired infections kill 5000 patients a year in England
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2000)

About 5000 patients in England die each year from infections acquired in hospital, warned a report published last week. It recommended a major improvement in information systems in the NHS to track the problem and systematic use of measures to reduce transmission of infection among patients.

The report, published by the House of Commons public accounts committee, estimated that there are at least 100000 cases of hospital acquired infection in England each year. This costs the NHS as much as £1bn ($1.4bn) a year.

Members of the committee suggested that the NHS needed to tackle …
A NEW OPHTHALMOSCOPE.
Authors: JOHN WELSH CROSKEY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In the construction of this ophthalmoscope the object desired is to obtain a sufficiently large series of lenses in the most compact form and to permit of all the lenses being used without removing the instrument from the face. When it is taken into consideration that to use an ophthalmoscope properly the accommodation should be relaxed, these advantages will be appreciated. The size of the instrument can be judged from the illustrations, which are two-thirds actual size, a point which will be valued by oculists who carry their ophthalmoscopes with them. The ophthalmoscope itself consists of two discs, one for convenience called the lower disc, containing the weaker plus and minus glasses, ranging from + 1 to + 6 by single diopters and from - 1 to - 8 by single diopters; the upper disk containing the stronger lenses, ranging from + 8 to + 20 by alternate diopters and from - 10 to - 24 by alternate
Cytokine imbalance with increased production of interferon-α in psoriasiform eruptions associated with antitumour necrosis factor-α treatments
Authors: J. Seneschal, B. Milpied, B. Vergier, S. Lepreux, T. Schaeverbeke, A. Taïeb
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Psoriasiform eruptions occur in association with antitumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha treatments in autoinflammatory diseases. The major reported clinical presentation is palmoplantar pustulosis, sometimes accompanied with plaque-like psoriasis. In some reports, histological findings suggest psoriasis whereas others favour a lichenoid drug reaction. We present a case series with a comprehensive clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical study.To investigate the mechanism involved in psoriasiform eruptions in patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha inhibitors.Between July 2004 and May 2008, 13 patients with psoriasiform eruptions arising under anti-TNF-alpha treatment were enrolled in the study. Punch biopsy specimens of lesions were processed for standard and immunohistochemical analyses using antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD1a, KP1, CXCR3, CXCL9, Tia1 and MxA, which is specifically induced by type I interferons (IFNs). Additionally, we analysed biopsies from lesional skin of patients with cutaneous discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planus and psoriasis. Control biopsies were taken from unaffected skin.All patients developed psoriasiform plaques on the body accompanied with palmoplantar keratoderma or pustulosis in three patients. Histological and immunohistochemical findings showed a psoriasiform pattern with focal lichenoid and spongiotic features. We detected strong production of the MxA protein in inflammatory cells, indicating involvement of type I IFNs, and the expression was higher than in control psoriasis samples. Expression of MxA was closely associated with the recruitment of CXCR3+ lymphocytes in the skin bearing markers of cytotoxic capacity.Results support the hypothesis that psoriasiform eruptions are a new model of drug reaction characterized by an increased expression of type I IFNs induced by anti-TNF-alpha.
Cognitive structure, logic, and language
Authors: Grant Gillett
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Philosophical accounts of thought crucially involve an array of abilities to identify general properties or features of the world (corresponding to concepts) and objects that instantiate those general properties. Abilities of both types can be grounded in a naturalistic account of the usefulness of cognitive structures in adaptive behaviour. Language enhances these abilities by multiplying the experience bases giving rise to them and helping to overcome subjective biases.
Serum amyloid P component levels are not decreased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and do not rise during an acute phase reaction
Authors: M Bijl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Serum amyloid P component (SAP) and acute phase proteins like C-reactive protein contribute to the clearance of apoptotic cells. This response is diminished in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).To analyse SAP concentrations in SLE in relation to disease activity, and investigate whether SAP reacts like an acute phase protein.SAP was measured in 40 patients with SLE during active and inactive disease and compared with healthy controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Wegener's granulomatosis. Normal SAP values were determined in 120 healthy controls by ELISA. C reactive protein and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured in all subjects and their levels related to SAP. SAP was also measured serially in 11 patients with breast cancer treated with recombinant human interleukin-6, and in 16 patients with sepsis.In SLE, SAP was unaltered compared with healthy controls and was not influenced by disease activity, in contrast to C reactive protein and SAA, which increased during active disease. SAP increased in Wegener's granulomatosis but not in rheumatoid arthritis. The rise in C reactive protein and SAA was most pronounced in Wegener's granulomatosis with active disease. SAP did not change significantly during an acute phase response. No correlation was found between SAP and C reactive protein or SAA, but there was a correlation between SAA and C reactive protein (r = 0.4989, p = 0.0492).Patients with SLE have normal circulating SAP levels. In contrast to C reactive protein or SAA, SAP does not act as an acute phase protein.
Effect of urokinase antiserum on plasminogen activators: demonstration of immunologic dissimilarity between plasma plasminogen activator and urokinase
Authors: Chester S. Kucinski, Anthony P. Fletcher, Sol Sherry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Antiserum against purified human urokinase was produced by immunization of Hartley strain guinea pigs. The antiserum was capable of neutralizing the plasminogen activator activity of the antigen and of native urokinase in human urine. The antiserum did not inhibit plasminogen activators of bacterial origin, i.e., streptokinase and staphylokinase; neither did it inhibit urokinase from nonprimate mammals, i.e., dog, pig, rabbit, guinea pig, nor tissue activator or tissue culture supernatants from porcine sources. Partial cross-reactivity against urokinase from primates, i.e., rhesus monkey and baboon, was noted as well as with supernatant from rhesus kidney tissue culture. In vitro studies showed lack of immunologic identity between human urokinase and human milk activator or human tissue activator from adrenal sources but demonstrated immunologic identity between human urokinase and the supernatant from human kidney tissue culture. In vivo studies in man failed to show detectable levels of urokinase activity in peripheral venous or renal venous blood under a variety of clinical states and when stimuli such as exercise, electroshock therapy, or nicotinic acid were used to enhance plasminogen activator activity in the plasma. The results establish that human plasma activator, milk activator, and tissue activator from the adrenals are immunologically distinct from human urokinase.
Melittin prevents liver cancer cell metastasis through inhibition of the Rac1-dependent pathway
Authors: Shujing Liu, Mei Yu, Ying He, Lin Xiao, Fang Wang, Changcheng Song, Shuhan Sun, Changquan Ling, Zhiheng Xu
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Melittin, a water-soluble toxic peptide derived from bee venom of Apis mellifera was reported to have inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its role in antimetastasis and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. By utilizing both HCC cell lines and an animal model based assay system, we found that Rac1, which has been shown to be involved in cancer cell metastasis, is highly expressed in aggressive HCC cell lines and its activity correlated with cell motility and cytoskeleton polymerization. In addition, Rac1-dependent activity and metastatic potential of aggressive HCC cells are remarkably high in both cellular and nude mouse models. We provide evidence here that melittin inhibits the viability and motility of HCC cells in vitro , which correlates with its suppression of Rac1-dependent activity, cell motility, and microfilament depolymerization. Furthermore, melittin suppresses both HCC metastasis and Rac1-dependent activity in nude mouse models. The specificity of the effect of melittin on Rac1 was confirmed in HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Melittin inhibits tumor cell metastasis by reducing cell motility and migration via the suppression of Rac1-dependent pathway, suggesting that melittin is a potential therapeutic agent for HCC.
Outcome ofDe Novohepatitis C virus infection in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Janus P. Ong, David S. Barnes, Zobair M. Younossi, Terry Gramlich, Belinda Yen-Lieberman, Marlene Goormastic, Cedric Sheffield, Kathy Hoercher, Randall Starling, James Young, Nicholas Smedira, Patrick McCarthy
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The outcome of de novo hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in heart transplant recipients of HCV-antibody positive organs is not known. The aim of the study was to determine the short-term outcome of de novo HCV infection in recipients of HCV-positive donor organs. HCV-antibody negative recipients of HCV-antibody positive hearts were identified from January 1, 1991 to February 28, 1998. Control patients matched for year of transplantation were also identified. Twenty-eight patients (22 males, mean age of 56 +/- 11 SD) received hearts from HCV-antibody-positive donors. The control group was similar to the patients in all clinical and demographic aspects. Twenty-three patients had detectable viremia by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of these 23 patients with de novo HCV infection, 7 (30%) developed HCV-related liver disease. Three patients (13%) had chronic hepatitis and 4 patients (17%) developed severe acute cholestatic hepatitis (ACH). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) use (P =.04) and high viral load at onset of acute liver disease (P =.02) were associated with ACH. Overall survival was similar between patients with de novo HCV infection and controls (P =.20). Development of ACH (P =.02) and MMF use (P =.0009) were associated with decreased survival in patients with de novo HCV infection. The present study showed that survival of patients with de novo HCV infection was similar to a matched control group. HCV-related severe ACH is associated with a poor short-term outcome in patients with de novo HCV infection. MMF use may be associated with a higher incidence of HCV-related severe ACH and a poor short-term outcome.
Re: Daniel E. Spratt, Chi Zhang, Zachary S. Zumsteg, Xin Pei, Zhigang Zhang, Michael J. Zelefsky. Metformin and Prostate Cancer: Reduced Development of Castration-resistant Disease and Prostate Cancer Mortality. Eur Urol 2013;63:709–16
Authors: Leah Bensimon, Samy Suissa, Laurent Azoulay
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Renal Failure Associated with Demeclocycline in Cirrhosis
Authors: FLAIR CARRILHO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Three patients with cirrhosis, ascites, and dilutional hyponatremia were treated with demeclocycline in an attempt to correct the abnormal water retention. Demeclocycline administration (600 to 900 mg/day for 8 to 9 days) resulted in [a] increased blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine concentrations; [b] reduction of the inulin clearance by between 63% to 78% and of paraaminophippurate clearance by 36% to 77%; and [c] an impairment of the renal concentrating ability. Urine osmolality decreased to hypotonic levels, but polyuria did not appear, probably because it was prevented by the reduction of the glomerular filtration rate. Renal failure was reversible on withdrawal of demeclocycline. No other causes than demeclocycline administration could be found to explain the reduction of the glomerular filtration rate and the estimated renal plasma flow.
Use of Animals in Medical Education
Authors: W. David Zitzkat
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To  Editor.  —I read with dismay  AMA Council Report on  use of animals in medical education. 1 I find it more than a little odd that prestigious medical schools, such as Yale, have a policy that obviously conflicts with your opinion that, the use of animals in  general education of physicians is essential. In fact, according to a 1988 survey of 127 medical schools published in  Journal of Medical Education , 2 only three US medical schools did not allow students an alternative to participation, and one of those three schools has since closed. Your article refers to one of  original three still open,  University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.  As an attorney and an adjunct professor of law, I have no hesitation in stating that if  Galveston Medical Branch denies admission to students based on their moral objections to  use