tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mesangial cell immune injury. Hemodynamic role of leukocyte- and platelet-derived eicosanoids.
Authors: B A Bresnahan, S Wu, F J Fenoy, R J Roman, E A Lianos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The role of leukocytes and platelets and of leukocyte- and platelet-derived eicosanoids in mediating acute changes in renal and glomerular hemodynamics was assessed in a model of antibody-induced mesangial cell injury in the rat. After a single intravenous injection (6 mg/kg) of the monoclonal antibody (ER4) against the mesangial cell membrane antigen Thy 1, significant decrements in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) were observed at 1 h, and were associated with increments in glomerular LC (+) leukocyte counts and in the synthesis of thromboxane (Tx)B2, leukotriene (LT)B4, and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). In rats with immune leukopenia, the rise in glomerular LC (+) leukocytes and in eicosanoid synthesis were abolished and the fall in GFR and RBF after administration of ER4 were completely ameliorated. Likewise, pretreatment of rats with both a thromboxane synthase and a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor also blocked the fall in GFR and RBF and the rise in glomerular synthesis of TxB2 and LTB4 produced by ER4 without changing glomerular LC (+) leukocyte counts. Selective inhibition of thromboxane or 5-lipoxygenase alone only partially ameliorated the decrements in GFR and RBF produced by ER4. In animals with immune thrombocytopenia, the elevated glomerular synthesis of 12-HETE and fall in RBF but not GFR was ameliorated after administration of ER4. The ER4 antibody-induced fall in GFR was mainly caused by a marked decrement in the ultrafiltration coefficient, Kf, which was dependent on TxA2 and 5-lipoxygenase products, since pretreatment of animals with a thromboxane receptor antagonist or with a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor partially ameliorated this decrement. Structural changes such as infiltration of glomerular capillaries by leukocytes and endothelial cell damage may also have accounted for the fall in Kf. These observations indicate that in antibody-mediated mesangial cell injury, infiltrating leukocytes and platelets mediate the changes in renal hemodynamics via synthesis of thromboxane and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenation products.
Short- and long-term efficacy of intra-articular injections with betamethasone as part of a treat-to-target strategy in early rheumatoid arthritis: impact of joint area, repeated injections, MRI findings, anti-CCP, IgM-RF and CRP
Authors: Merete Lund Hetland, Mikkel Østergaard, Bo Ejbjerg, Søren Jacobsen, Kristian Stengaard-Pedersen, Peter Junker, Tine Lottenburger, Ib Hansen, Lis Smedegaard Andersen, Ulrik Tarp, Anders Svendsen, Jens Kristian Pedersen, Henrik Skjødt, Torkell Ellingsen, Hanne Lindegaard, Jan Pødenphant, Kim Hørslev-Petersen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

To investigate the short-term and long-term efficacy of intra-articular betamethasone injections, and the impact of joint area, repeated injections, MRI pathology, anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) status in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).During 2 years of follow-up in the CIMESTRA trial, 160 patients received intra-articular betamethasone in up to four swollen joints/visit in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Short-term efficacy was assessed by EULAR good response. Long-term efficacy by Kaplan-Meier plots of the joint injection survival (ie, the time between injection and renewed flare). Potential predictors of joint injection survival were tested.1373 Unique joints (ankles, elbows, knees, metacarpophalangeal (MCP), metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal (PIP), shoulders, wrists) were injected during 2 years. 531 Joints received a second injection, and 262 a third. At baseline, the median numbers of injections (dose of betamethasone) was 4 (28 mg), declining to 0 (0 mg) at subsequent visits. At weeks 2, 4 and 6, 50.0%, 58.1% and 61.7% had achieved a EULAR good response. After 1 and 2 years, respectively, 62.3% (95% CI 58.1% to 66.9%) and 55.5% (51.1% to 60.3%) of the joints injected at baseline had not relapsed. All joint areas had good 2-year joint injection survival, longest for the PIP joints: 73.7% (79.4% to 95.3%). 2-Year joint injection survival was higher for first injections: 56.6% (53.7% to 59.8%) than for the second: 43.4% (38.4% to 49.0%) and the third: 31.3% (25.0% to 39.3%). Adverse events were mild and transient. A high MRI synovitis score of MCP joints and anti-CCP-negativity were associated with poorer joint injection survival, whereas IgM-RF and C-reactive protein were not.In early RA, intra-articular injections of betamethasone in small and large peripheral joints resulted in rapid, effective and longlasting inflammatory control. The cumulative dose of betamethasone was low, and the injections were well tolerated.
State of the Art of Alexithymia Measurement
Authors: Jane E. Paulson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

The purpose of this study using hypertensive patients was to examine the validity and reliability of the current measures of alexithymia. Instruments investigated were the MMPI Alexithymia Scale developed in Denver, the Schalling-Sifheos Scale developed in Boston, and the Beth Israel Hospital Questionnaire (BIQ). Based on the sample of 53 outpatient subjects, no additional estimates of validity were gained to recommend the use of the MMPI Alexithymia Scale or the Schalling-Sifheos Scale as acceptable research instruments at this time. Inter-rater reliability of the BIQ was strong and supports its continued use. Recommendations for further standardization in alexithymia research are discussed.
Plasma norepinephrine in exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Neil M. Sokoloff, Scott R. Spielman, Allan M. Greenspan, Alan P. Rae, R. Stephen Porter, David T. Lowenthal, A.-Hamid Hakki, Abdulmassih S. Iskandrian, Harold R. Kay, Leonard N. Horowitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
A Review of Nonoccupational Pathways for Pesticide Exposure in Women Living in Agricultural Areas
Authors: Nicole C. Deziel, Melissa C. Friesen, Jane A. Hoppin, Cynthia J. Hines, Kent Thomas, Laura E. Beane Freeman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Women living in agricultural areas may experience high pesticide exposures compared with women in urban or suburban areas because of their proximity to farm activities.Our objective was to review the evidence in the published literature for the contribution of nonoccupational pathways of pesticide exposure in women living in North American agricultural areas.We evaluated the following nonoccupational exposure pathways: paraoccupational (i.e., take-home or bystander exposure), agricultural drift, residential pesticide use, and dietary ingestion. We also evaluated the role of hygiene factors (e.g., house cleaning, shoe removal).Among 35 publications identified (published 1995-2013), several reported significant or suggestive (p < 0.1) associations between paraoccupational (n = 19) and agricultural drift (n = 10) pathways and pesticide dust or biomarker levels, and 3 observed that residential use was associated with pesticide concentrations in dust. The 4 studies related to ingestion reported low detection rates of most pesticides in water; additional studies are needed to draw conclusions about the importance of this pathway. Hygiene factors were not consistently linked to exposure among the 18 relevant publications identified.Evidence supported the importance of paraoccupational, drift, and residential use pathways. Disentangling exposure pathways was difficult because agricultural populations are concurrently exposed to pesticides via multiple pathways. Most evidence was based on measurements of pesticides in residential dust, which are applicable to any household member and are not specific to women. An improved understanding of nonoccupational pesticide exposure pathways in women living in agricultural areas is critical for studying health effects in women and for designing effective exposure-reduction strategies.
STUDIES OF THE LYMPHATIC TISSUE
Authors: Wilhelm Ehrich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

In 87 rabbits, some of which received intravenously at various intervals small, and some large, doses of killed staphylococci, the following findings were obtained. 1. There occurred a hyperplasia of lymph nodes, spleen and thymus, that is to say, a status thymicolymphaticus. This phenomenon is explained as due to immediate local irritation caused by bacteria and their products and by certain "toxins" partly of exogenous, partly of endogenous, origin. 2. The lymphocytosis which appeared was parallel in time and degree with the hyperplasia of the peripheral lymph nodes (axillary, popliteal and cervical lymph nodes) and probably originated in the pseudo-secondary nodules of these nodes. 3. There occurred intense mesenchymal reaction in the vascular connective tissue of the lungs, liver and spleen and after large doses slighter ones in adrenals, kidneys and heart. These reactions correspond with Oeller's adventitial reactions and Siegmund's intima proliferations. In the interstitial tissue of these organs as well as in the walls of the minor vessels proliferations of cells, partly of the type of lymphocytes and plasma cells, partly of that of histiocytes and reticulo-endothelial cells, appeared, which, after large doses, were mixed with many giant cells of Langerhans' type. After small doses lymphocytes and plasma cells predominated, after large doses histiocytes and reticulo-endothelial cells. Because these reactions occurred immediately after the first injection, they can be regarded as primary reactions of the organism to bacteria and their products.
Toward Mechanism-Based Cancer Care
Authors: D M Livingston, R Shivdasani
Journal: JAMA (2001)

In the past 25 years, research has elucidated molecular mechanisms directing key aspects of tumor cell behavior. Detailed understanding of these mechanisms has already changed methods for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. With continuing advances in cancer science and the emergence of new technologies for applying basic science to clinical practice, new methods based on molecular mechanisms will dominate cancer care and prevention.
Adult patients are more catabolic than children during acute phase after burn injury: a retrospective analysis on muscle protein kinetics
Authors: Demidmaa Tuvdendorj, David L. Chinkes, Xiao-Jun Zhang, Arny A. Ferrando, Itoro E. Elijah, Ronald P. Mlcak, Celeste C. Finnerty, Robert R. Wolfe, David N. Herndon
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Controlled trial of azathioprine in chronic ulcerative colitis.
Authors: A P Kirk, J E Lennard-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A double-blind controlled trial of azathioprine in a dose of 2-2.5 mg/kg body weight over six months was conducted among 44 patients with active chronic ulcerative colitis. Three patients treated with placebo did not complete the trial because their disease became so severe that colectomy was performed. Among patients who completed the trial the mean dose of prednisolone necessary to control the disease decreased in those treated with azathioprine and those treated with placebo; the reduction was greater among those who took azathioprine (p less than 0.001). Activity of the disease apparently improved in both treatment groups but a significant (p less than 0.001) trend was observed only in those patients treated with azathioprine. No serious side effects from azathioprine occurred during the trial but seven of 24 patients had to stop the drug because of nausea. Azathioprine may have a role in the treatment of a few patients wih troublesome chronic colitis for whom conventional drug treatment is ineffectual, or for whom continuous systemic corticosteroid treatment is needed to control symptoms, and for whom surgical treatment is inappropriate.
P566 THE CLINICAL-GUIDE RISK PREDICTION MODEL OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA DEVELOPMENT IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS AFTER INTERFERON-BASED THERAPY
Authors: K.-C. Chang, Y.-Y. Wu, M.-C. Tsai, P.-L. Tseng, C.-M. Huang, T.-H. Hu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Induction of incomplete autophagic response by hepatitis C virus via the unfolded protein response
Authors: Donna Sir, Wen-ling Chen, Jinah Choi, Takaji Wakita, T.S. Benedict Yen, Jing-hsiung James Ou
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Autophagy is important for cellular homeostasis and can serve as innate immunity to remove intracellular pathogens. Here, we demonstrate by a battery of morphological and biochemical assays that hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces the accumulation of autophagosomes in cells without enhancing autophagic protein degradation. This induction of autophagosomes depended on the unfolded protein response (UPR), as the suppression of UPR signaling pathways suppressed HCV-induced lipidation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) protein, a necessary step for the formation of autophagosomes. The suppression of UPR or the suppression of expression of LC3 or Atg7, a protein that mediates LC3 lipidation, suppressed HCV replication, indicating a positive role of UPR and the incomplete autophagic response in HCV replication.Our studies delineate the molecular pathway by which HCV induces autophagic vacuoles and also demonstrate the perturbation of the autophagic response by HCV. These unexpected effects of HCV on the host cell likely play an important role in HCV pathogenesis.
Mechanical Ventilation Techniques-Reply
Authors: Thomas L. Petty
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Early in my career, I had considerable experience with the breathing methods listed. The over-whelming inadequacies of these techniques, in fact, became a major stimulus that encouraged me to look for more definitive methods of intensive respiratory care and assist in the design of new respirators. Whereas the tank respirator<i>was</i>useful in managing patients with paralytic disorders, particularly poliomyelitis, nursing care was difficult, to say the least. The fixed one-to-one inspiratory expiratory ratio, the difficulties in maintaining a seal around the neck, and the limited pressure capability made effective respiratory support difficult or even impossible for many people, particularly those with obesity. With no ability to vary inspiratory expiratory ratios, modify pressure wave forms, or control flow rate and with no capability of assisted ventilation, this method of ventilatory support is rendered particularly inappropriate in chronic obstructive lung diseases. The chest-abdomen cuirass was and is a method
Keats and Medicine
Authors: R. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Hillas Smith Cross Publishing, £9.50, pp 127 ISBN 1 873295 11 1

Stock images of the poet John Keats have him listening to a nightingale in a Hampstead garden or dying of consumption in the arms of a friend in Rome. Reading Keats and Medicine will perhaps expand them to include him mixing medicines in his master's apothecary shop at Edmonton, or holding limbs ready for amputation when he worked as a dresser at …
False Aneurysm of Ascending Aorta
Authors: MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, STEPHEN R. BUNKER, JOHN M. BAUMAN, MICHAEL A. CAWTHON, WILLIAM H. HOWARD, ROBERT D. KARL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

An unsuspected false aneurysm of the ascending aorta was discovered during a first pass, left-to-right shunt study.
OP0167 Evidence That Both the Disease Course &amp; Structural Outcomes in RA Have Become Less Severe over Time. A 25-Year Longitudinal Data Analysis Based on Two Consecutive UK Inception Cohorts
Authors: E. Nikiphorou, S. Norton, L. Carpenter, J. Dixey, P. Kiely, D. Walsh, A. Young
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Axon regeneration in the central nervous system is prevented in part by a developmental decline in the intrinsic regenerative ability of maturing neurons. This loss of axon growth ability likely reflects widespread changes in gene expression, but the mechanisms that drive this shift remain unclear. Chromatin accessibility has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in other cellular contexts, raising the possibility that chromatin structure may contribute to the age-dependent loss of regenerative potential. Here we establish an integrated bioinformatic pipeline that combines analysis of developmentally dynamic gene networks with transcription factor regulation and genome-wide maps of chromatin accessibility. When applied to the developing cortex, this pipeline detected overall closure of chromatin in sub-networks of genes associated with axon growth. We next analyzed mature CNS neurons that were supplied with various pro-regenerative transcription factors. Unlike prior results with SOX11 and KLF7, here we found that neither JUN nor an activated form of STAT3 promoted substantial corticospinal tract regeneration. Correspondingly, chromatin accessibility in JUN or STAT3 target genes was substantially lower than in predicted targets of SOX11 and KLF7. Finally, we used the pipeline to predict pioneer factors that could potentially relieve chromatin constraints at growth-associated loci. Overall this integrated analysis substantiates the hypothesis that dynamic chromatin accessibility contributes to the developmental decline in axon growth ability and influences the efficacy of pro-regenerative interventions in the adult, while also pointing toward selected pioneer factors as high-priority candidates for future combinatorial experiments.
Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics
Authors: Theodore Kushnick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This two-volume textbook of medical genetics is an absolutely superb compilation of all aspects of medical genetic disorders. The editors have assembled contributors in numerous areas of genetics, who, for the most part, present their material in a lucid and thorough fashion. The books are divided into four sections devoted to basic principles, chromosome disorders, system disorders (the largest), and applied genetics. Most of the system disorders are described in terms of inheritance patterns, the natural clinical history of the disease, differential diagnosis, and therapy, where applicable. The tabulations of the conditions, especially those skeletal, neuromuscular, and craniofacial in nature, are worth the "price of admission." Many clinical photographs are included and are helpful to the practitioner. References in each chapter are complete, from those of historical interest to those of more recent vintage, including 1980 to 1982. Considering the number of subjects and authors, the editors have done excellent
A regression approach to the analysis of serial peak flow among fuel oil ash exposed workers.
Authors: R Hauser, C Daskalakis, D C Christiani
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We investigated the association between exposure to fuel oil ash and acute airway obstruction in 31 boilermakers and 31 utility workers during the overhaul of a large oil-fired boiler. Air flow was assessed with self-recorded serial peak expiratory flow rate measurements (PEFR) using a mini-Wright meter. Exposure to thoracic particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 gm or smaller (PM10) was assessed using personal sampling devices and detailed work diaries. All subjects were male, with an average age of 43 yr, and an average of 18 yr at their current trade. Average PM10 exposure on work days was 2.75 mg/m3 for boilermakers and 0.57 mg/m3 for utility workers. Three daily PEFR measurements (start-of-shift, end-of-shift, and bed-time) were analyzed simultaneously, using Huber linear regression. After adjustment for job title, welder status, age, height, smoking, and weld-years, for each mg/m3 increase in PM10, the estimated decline in PEFR was 13.2 L/min (p = 0.008) for end-of-shift, 9.9 L/min (p = 0.045) for bed-time, and 6.6 L/min (p = 0.26) for start-of-shift of the following day. This decline of the exposure effect over the 24-h period that follows was statistically significant (p = 0.004). No other factors were found to significantly modify the effect of exposure. Our results suggest that occupational exposure to fuel oil ash is associated with significant acute decrements in peak flow.
Localization of a site on bacterial superantigens that determines T cell receptor beta chain specificity.
Authors: J A Mollick, R L McMasters, D Grossman, R R Rich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

A defining characteristic of superantigens is their ability to stimulate T cells based predominantly on the type of variable segment of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain (V beta). The V beta specificity of these toxins most likely results from direct contact between the toxin and the TCR, although the low affinity nature of this binding has prevented direct assessment of this interaction. To identify important functional sites on the toxin, we created chimeric enterotoxin genes between staphylococcal enterotoxins A and E (SEA and SEE) and tested the V beta specificity of the chimeric toxins. This approach allowed us to identify three amino acid residues in the extreme COOH terminus of these toxins that are largely responsible for their ability to stimulate either human V beta 5- or V beta 8-bearing T cells, or mouse V beta 3 or V beta 11. We also found that residues in the NH2 terminus were required for wild-type levels of V beta-specific T cell activation, suggesting that the NH2 and COOH ends of these superantigens may come together to form the full TCR V beta contact site. SEA and SEE also differ with respect to their class II binding characteristics. Using the same chimeric molecules, we demonstrate that the first third of the molecule controls the class II binding phenotype. These data lead us to propose that for SEA and SEE, and perhaps for all bacterial-derived superantigens, the COOH and NH2 termini together form the contact sites for the TCR and therefore largely determine the V beta specificity of the toxin, while the NH2 terminus alone binds major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. The predominant role of the COOH terminus of bacterial superantigens in determining V beta specificity resembles current models being proposed for virally encoded superantigens, suggesting that these molecules may demonstrate some structural relationship not seen at the amino acid level.
Could boxing be banned? A legal and epidemiological perspective
Authors: H. Brayne, L. Sargeant, C. Brayne
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Certain ganglion cells in the retina respond sensitively to differential motion between the receptive field center and surround, as produced by an object moving over the background, but are strongly suppressed by global image motion, as produced by the observer9s head or eye movements. We investigated the circuit basis for this object motion sensitive (OMS) response by recording intracellularly from all classes of retinal interneurons while simultaneously recording the spiking output of many ganglion cells. Fast, transient bipolar cells respond linearly to motion in the receptive field center. The synaptic output from their terminals is rectified and then pooled by the OMS ganglion cell. A type of polyaxonal amacrine cell is driven by motion in the surround, again via pooling of rectified inputs, but from a different set of bipolar cell terminals. By direct intracellular current injection, we found that these polyaxonal amacrine cells selectively suppress the synaptic input of OMS ganglion cells. A quantitative model of these circuit elements and their interactions explains how an important visual computation is accomplished by retinal neurons and synapses.