tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoke detectors and house fires
Authors: B. Pless
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Compared to women with normotensive pregnancies, women with a history of pre-eclampsia have a roughly fourfold increased risk of developing chronic arterial hypertension and a twofold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lifestyle changes, such as increased physical activity, weight loss, smoking cessation and healthy diet, are effective for CVD prevention in the general population. However, no scoping review or systematic review of postpartum lifestyle interventions among women with pre-eclampsia have, to our best knowledge, been performed. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the available research literature on postpartum lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of CVD among women with pre-eclampsia. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> The protocol is based on the framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. Databases to be searched include: PubMed, Embase CINAHL and the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. The search will be performed after the publication of this protocol (estimated to be 1 June 2020) and will be repeated 1 month prior to the submission for publication of the final review (estimated to be 1 January 2021). The review will consider studies that include women in the postpartum period (in particular, but not restricted to, the first 12 months after delivery), with a history of pre-eclampsia. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers using a data extraction tool including specific details about the population, concept, context, study methods and key findings relevant to the review objective. Any disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion, or with a third reviewer. The extracted data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form that align with the objective of this scoping review. A narrative summary will accompany the tabulated and/or charted results and will describe how the results relate to the reviews objective and questions. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Since all data will be obtained from publicly available materials, the proposed scoping review does not require ethical approval. The results will be submitted for publication in an open-access peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.
Chromosomal Radiosensitivity in Two Cell Lineages Derived from Clinically Radiosensitive Cancer Patients
Authors: Carl N. Sprung, Michael Chao, Trevor Leong, Michael J. McKay
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Despite its prominent contribution to cancer cure and palliation, around 1% to 5% of cancer patients suffer serious side effects from radiotherapy. A cardinal goal in the fields of radiobiology and oncology is to predict normal tissue radiosensitivity of a cancer patient before radiotherapy. Higher tumor control rates are likely if radiotherapy individualization could be achieved by applying predictive approaches. Experimental Design: Here, we make use of the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay to assess radiosensitivity in cell lines derived from two different cell lineages obtained from clinically radiosensitive patients. We determined the micronucleus frequency after graded doses of ionizing radiation to primary fibroblasts and lymphoblast cell lines derived from 36 highly radiosensitive cancer patients. Results: Many cell lines, following exposure to ionizing radiation, from patients with severe clinical reactions to radiotherapy showed statistically significantly higher frequencies of micronuclei than those from patients who had normal reactions to radiotherapy. One individual revealed significantly higher micronucleus frequencies in both cell lineages. Interestingly, lymphoblast cell lines from one patient showed micronucleus frequencies similar to ataxia telangiectasia mutated–deficient cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that the micronucleus assay may have use for identifying predisposition to clinical radiosensitivity, at least in a subset of patients as a component of a pretreatment radiosensitivity assay for use in the clinic.
Acute Porphyria with Unusual Features
Authors: E. Grossfeld
Journal: BMJ (1951)

100 ml.Of the 12 cases above this figure, one was complicated by amyloid disease, while another was a diabetic with a glucose level in the pleural effusion of 220 mg./ 100 ml.A glucose level of under 60 mg./ 100 ml.would there- fore appear to be strongly suggestive of the tuberculous origin of a serous pleural effusion.Where the glucose level is over 100 mg./100 ml. the effusion is probably of non-tuberculous origin.The six " undiagnosed " cases had glucose levels ranging from 62 to 96 mg./ 100 ml.Four of these six cases were considered clinically and radiologically to be of tuberculous post-primary type, but bacteriological confirmation was lacking.The four patients were adolescents or young adults, with straw-coloured lymphocytic effusions of recent onset, and gave positive Mantoux reactions.There were eight tuberculous patients with glucose levels between 60 and 100 mg./ 100 ml. and seven non- tuberculous.The glucose values in the six " undiag- nosed" cases would therefore be of no value in deciding the aetiology of the effusion. SummaryThe pleural glucose level has been studied in 61 cases of serous effusion.In these cases: (a) a glucose level of less than 60 mg./ 100 ml. was found only in tuberculous effusions; (b) the majority of tuberculous effusions had glucose levels of less than 100 mg./100 ml., while most non-tuberculous effusions had levels above 100 mg./ 100 ml.; and (c) no significance could be attached to glucose levels of between 60 and 100 mg./100 ml.
A Photograph For My Records
Authors: Hugh A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Diagrams-Diagrams are certainly not adequate for a plastic surgeon's records. But other specialists, especially dermatologists and orthopedists, do well to take photographs of certain problems in order that the records be complete. Patients seem to understand this (better than doctors) and accept photography without question. When I first started practice, I followed my hospital's routine and used its permission form. It sounded so legal that one patient wouldn't sign! It is perfectly all right for a doctor to write the most intimate details of a patient's sex life into the records, but a signed permission slip is suggested by some lawyers before a photograph is taken merely for the record. I threw away the permission slips saying to myself that I was going to be logical even if the lawyers weren't. Twelve years and some 5,000 patients later, I've never had a patient demur. I have my
Impact of In-Stent Tissue Type on Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction and 2-Year Clinical Outcomes After Treatment of Coronary Artery Restenosis
Authors: Soo-Jin Kang, Mineok Chang, Sung-Han Yoon, Jung-Min Ahn, Seungbong Han, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
Postoperative progressive gangrene: a reminderxs
Authors: P.E. HUTCHINSON, R. SUMMERLY, L.J. LAWSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

A classical example of progressive postoperative gangrene is described and the relevant literature has been reviewed. After consideration of the evolution and the clinical appearances of the condition, of the consistency of the associated bacterial flora and of the response to antibiotic therapy alone, we suggest that progressive postoperative gangrene is a distinct entity and separate from pyoderma gangrenosum.
Abstract PD06-04: St. Gallen 2011 clinicopathological subtyping of breast cancer: impact of different proliferation assessment methods
Authors: CM Focke, D Gläser, K Finsterbusch, T Decker
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Rationale: The St Gallen Consensus 2011 strongly recommends subtyping of breast cancer (BC). However, because there is no data from phase III trials to substanciate adjuvant therapy benefit gene expression arrays were not generally accepted to guide systemic therapy decisions. Instead, the consensus introduced clinicopathological BC subtypes (cpBCST) defined as sets of risk and predictive biomarkers which are established worlwide (Table 1). To discriminate Luminal A vs. Her2 negative Luminal B BCs the St Gallen Consensus recommends Ki67 for defining proliferation. Although, because no standardized methodology or cut-off definition for Ki67 is available so far ‘some alternative measure of proliferation’ was suggested. We analyzed the influence of different proliferation assessment methods on BC subtype distribution. Methods: cpBCST assessment including proliferation measurement by different variants of Ki67-Labeling-Index (KI67LI) was performed on 225 BCs. For comparison we used the Mitotic Activity Index (MAI) as the only prospectively evaluated and best reproducible proliferation measurement (Baak et al 2008). The Ki67-LI was based on counting any nuclear staining of distinctly defined target areas: (1) 100 tumor cells within the hot spot (Ki67-100), (2) 1020 tumor cells in 3 HPF in the tumor periphery including the hot spot (Ki67-1020periphery), and (3) 1020 tumor cells in 3 HPF including hot spot, cold spot, and an intermediate area (Ki67-1020spectrum). Staining quality and counting accuracy was tested as excellent by the 2011 circulation of the German Quality Initiative in Pathology. According to St Gallen, a cut-off &amp;lt;14% was used. The MAI was measured in 10 HPFs with a total area of 1.59 mm2 using a cut-off ≥10 as evaluated by Baak et al. 2008. Results: Conclusions: The delimination of Luminal A and Luminal B Her2 negative BCs according to the St. Gallen Consensus 2011 is highly influenced by the method of proliferation assessment. Using the recommended cut-off &amp;lt;14% all estimations of Ki67LI came out with Luminal A/Luminal B ratios (10–34% vs. 45–69%) which are much lower than those published (44–53% vs. 9–29%). As a consequence, this could lead to more cytotoxic treatment. Therefore, the biological relevance of KI67LI seems to be not unequivocal. Unlike this, proliferation measurement by MAI resulting in a Luminal A/Luminal B ratio of 52% vs. 29% seems more reliable. The differences may be due to the fact that mitotic figures reflect only the M phase, whereas Ki67 stains cells in nearly all phases of the cell cycle. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD06-04.
Felty's Syndrome Treated by Splenectomy
Authors: F. Rackow
Journal: BMJ (1953)

mately.Amplification over this range, which is roughly the minimum required for comprehensible speech, is adequate.As the loudspeaker and microphone are usually fairly close together, amplification of higher frequencies is very apt to cause oscillation from acoustic feedback; this will, in any case, happen when the microphone is removed from the patient, and it should always be switched off by the switch, Si, when not in place on the patient.The microphone used with this instrument is an electromagnetic type which is particularly robust and reliable, and gives excellent results.The battery model uses a carbon microphone; although this does not give quite the same frequency response, and has a rather higher noise level, it was chosen for this purpose because it gives a much larger output, so that a simpler amplifier, with correspondingly reduced drain on the batteries, could be used.A simple two-valve amplifier, using a DF92 voltage amplifier and a DL92 output valve, is all that is needed.The same precautions with regard to acoustic feedback are desirable, though the oscillation is not so offensive in the battery model as in the mains one, because the maximum output power is so much less.An instrument of similar performance and specification to the mains-operated model, but lighter and more compact, is now available from Isis Equipments, Broad Street, Oxford.Acknowledgment is made to Dr. W. H. Kelleher for his assistance in testing this instrument in clinical use at the Western Hospital, Fulham, and to Dr. W. Ritchie Russell
Malignant Langerhans cell tumor: A case with a favorable outcome associated with the absence of blood dendritic cell proliferation
Authors: Laurent Misery, William Godard, Hind Hamzeh, Véronique Lévigne, Claude Vincent, Jean-Luc Perrot, Anne Gentil-Perret, Daniel Schmitt, Frédéric Cambazard
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
Marked Activity of Irinotecan and Rapamycin Combination toward Colon Cancer Cells <i>In vivo</i> and <i>In vitro</i> Is Mediated through Cooperative Modulation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Axis
Authors: Erwan Pencreach, Eric Guérin, Céline Nicolet, Isabelle Lelong-Rebel, Anne-Claire Voegeli, Pierre Oudet, Annette K. Larsen, Marie-Pierre Gaub, Dominique Guenot
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Despite recent progress, colon cancer is often resistant to combination chemotherapy, highlighting the need for development of novel therapeutic approaches. An attractive target is hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a key transcription factor with a pivotal role in tumor cell metabolism. One potential class of therapeutic agents targeting HIF-1α are mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors such as rapamycin. A second class are topoisomerase I inhibitors, such as irinotecan, which are able to inhibit the accumulation of HIF-1α. We here investigated whether combination of rapamycin and irinotecan was active in human colon cancer models. Experimental Design: Human metastatic tumors were xenografted in nude mice and treated with low doses of irinotecan alone, rapamycin alone, or combination of both drugs. The cellular effects of irinotecan and rapamycin were further characterized for HT-29 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells in vitro. Results: In contrast to single-agent therapy, xenografted tumors treated with combination of irinotecan and rapamycin showed potent inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin/HIF-1α axis, which was accompanied by a dramatic reduction in tumor volume. In vitro experiments showed that exposure to low concentrations of the two drugs resulted in massive HT-29 cell death under hypoxic, but not normoxic, conditions, in full agreement with a cytotoxic effect mediated through HIF-1α rather than through induction of genotoxic lesions. HCT-116 cells were less sensitive to the combined treatment due to constitutive activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Conclusion: These results identify HIF-1α as a promising target and provide a rationale for clinical trials of low-dose irinotecan and rapamycin combination toward metastatic colon cancer.
Specification of Mouse Telencephalic and Mid-Hindbrain Progenitors Following Heterotopic Ultrasound-Guided Embryonic Transplantation
Authors: Martin Olsson, Kenneth Campbell, Daniel H Turnbull
Journal: Neuron (1997)

We have demonstrated the utility of ultrasound backscatter microscopy for targeted intraparenchymal injections into embryonic day (E) 13.5 mouse embryos. This system has been used to test the degree of commitment present in neural progenitors from the embryonic ventral telencephalon and mid-hindbrain region. Many E13.5 ventral telencephalic progenitors were observed to integrate and adopt local phenotypes following heterotopic transplantation into telencephalic or mid-hindbrain targets, whereas mid-hindbrain cells of the same stage were unable to integrate and change fate in the telencephalon. In contrast, many mid-hindbrain cells from an earlier developmental stage (E10.5) were capable of integrating and adopting a forebrain phenotype after grafting into the telencephalon, suggesting that mouse mid-hindbrain progenitors become restricted in their developmental potential between E10.5 and E13.5.
Mixed-lymphocyte reaction as a measure of immunological competence of lymphocytes from patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: E. R. Richens, M. J. Williams, K. R. Gough, R. J. Ancill
Journal: Gut (1974)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 12 patients with Crohn's disease and from a group of normal volunteers have been tested for transformation under stimulation of allogeneic cells in a mixed lymphocyte culture and by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro. There was a significant depression of transformation in the mixed lymphocyte culture where lymphocytes from the Crohn's disease patients constituted the responding population. With PHA stimulation, no difference in transformation was seen between the patients and the control group. This is interpreted as indicating a depression in cellular immunity in Crohn's disease.
Effect of everolimus on the immunomodulation of the human neutrophil inflammatory response and activation
Authors: Damien Vitiello, Paul-Eduard Neagoe, Martin G Sirois, Michel White
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)

The primary cause of mortality at 5 years following a cardiac transplantation is the development of atherosclerosis, termed coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV). This pathology is characterized by diffused intimal hyperplasia and emanates from coronary arterial injuries caused by immune inflammatory cells. Neutrophils play an important role in this inflammatory process; however, their potential participation in the pathogenesis of CAV is poorly understood. Despite their essential contribution to the prevention of graft rejection, immunosuppressive drugs could have detrimental effects owing to their pro-inflammatory activities. Thus, we investigated the impact of different immunosuppressive drugs on the inflammatory response of neutrophils isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers. Under basal conditions, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (sirolimus and everolimus) had the most potent anti-inflammatory effect, decreasing both IL-8 release (≈-80%) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release (≈-65%) and preserving the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). In TNF-α-treated neutrophils, pre-incubation with everolimus provided the most potent effect, simultaneously reducing the release of both VEGF and IL-8 while doubling the release of IL-1RA. This latter effect of everolimus was maintained even when administered in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs. Sirolimus and everolimus decreased the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced adhesion of neutrophils to human endothelial cells and human extracellular matrix. This effect was largely dependent on the ability of these compounds to alter β2-integrin/CD18 activation. Our results suggest a potential mechanism for the beneficial effect of everolimus in the prevention of CAV in heart transplant recipients.
Lymphoproliferative Responses to <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> in Lyme Disease
Authors: David C. Zoschke, Archibald A. Skemp, Dana L. Defosse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To compare lymphocyte proliferative responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in healthy controls and patients with Lyme disease. Patients: Twelve patients fulfilling case-definition criteria for Lyme disease. Twelve healthy volunteers and two newborns served as controls. Measurements: Antibodies to B. burgdorferi were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured for 5 days with B. burgdorferi, recall antigens, or pokeweed mitogen was measured by radioactive thymidine uptake. Results: Lymphocytes from 11 patients with Lyme disease, 8 healthy seronegative controls, and two newborns showed elevated responses when stimulated with B. burgdorferi. When a patient and a control were studied on the same day, the patient's lymphocyte response to B. burgdorferi exceeded the control's in only 5 of 12 cases. Lymphocytes from both patients and controls responded to B. burgdorferi isolates from three different sources. Conclusions: Heightened lymphocyte responses to B. burgdorferi are found in patients with Lyme disease but elevated responses also frequently occur in healthy controls. At present, the interpretation of a positive lymphocyte response to B. burgdorferi would be difficult in ambiguous clinical situations.
Return of Chloroquine Antimalarial Efficacy in Malawi
Authors: Miriam K. Laufer, Phillip C. Thesing, Nicole D. Eddington, Rhoda Masonga, Fraction K. Dzinjalamala, Shannon L. Takala, Terrie E. Taylor, Christopher V. Plowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In 1993, Malawi became the first country in Africa to replace chloroquine with the combination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine for the treatment of malaria. At that time, the clinical efficacy of chloroquine was less than 50%. The molecular marker of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria subsequently declined in prevalence and was undetectable by 2001, suggesting that chloroquine might once again be effective in Malawi.
Silencing of Prion Protein Sensitizes Breast Adriamycin-Resistant Carcinoma Cells to TRAIL-Mediated Cell Death
Authors: Franck Meslin, Ahmed Hamaï, Ping Gao, Abdelali Jalil, Nathalie Cahuzac, Salem Chouaib, Maryam Mehrpour
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract We investigated the relationship between the resistance to the proapoptotic action of tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and cellular prion protein (PrPc) function, using the TRAIL-sensitive MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line and two TRAIL-resistant sublines: 2101 and MCF-7/ADR. All of the cell lines tested expressed TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. TRAIL decoy receptors were not detected, suggesting that the resistance of 2101 and MCF-7/ADR cells, strongly expressing PrPc, to TRAIL-mediated cell death was independent from the expression of TRAIL receptors and death-inducing signaling complex formation. Down-regulation of PrPc by small interfering RNA increased the sensitivity of Adriamycin- and TRAIL-resistant cells to TRAIL, but not to epirubicin/Adriamycin. TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in PrPc knocked-down cells was associated with caspase processing, Bid cleavage, and Mcl-1 degradation. In addition, an increased sensitivity of apoptosis-resistant cells to TRAIL after PrPc silencing was not associated with the increased recruitment of receptors and intracellular signaling molecule to the death-inducing signaling complex. Bcl-2 expression was substantially decreased after PrPc knock-down but the levels of Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 were not affected. The down-regulation of Bcl-2 was concomitant with Bax delocalization. Our findings support the notion that silencing of PrPc facilitates the activation of proapoptotic Bax by down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, thereby abolishing the resistance of breast cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10910–9]
How to advise a patient when over the counter products have failed
Authors: I. Burgess
Journal: BMJ (2003)

First it is important to know whether treatment really has failed, so it is important that you or a nurse know how to reliably identify live lice at all developmental stages, and that you can differentiate hatched eggshells (nits) from potentially viable eggs. Nobody can reliably identify viable eggs, even with the aid of a microscope, unless the young louse can be seen moving inside the shell.

Failure with over the counter products may have two causes: improper use and insecticide resistance.

Inadequate, incomplete or inappropriate applications are the …