tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Valve Surgery on 6-Month Mortality in Left-Sided Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Imad M. Tleyjeh, Hassan M.K. Ghomrawi, James M. Steckelberg, Tanya L. Hoskin, Zaur Mirzoyev, Nandan S. Anavekar, Felicity Enders, Sherif Moustafa, Farouk Mookadam, W. Charles Huskins, Walter R. Wilson, Larry M. Baddour
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The role of valve surgery in left-sided infective endocarditis has not been evaluated in randomized controlled trials. We examined the association between valve surgery and all-cause 6-month mortality among patients with left-sided infective endocarditis. Methods and Results— A total of 546 consecutive patients with left-sided infective endocarditis were included. To minimize selection bias, propensity score to undergo valve surgery was used to match patients in the surgical and nonsurgical groups. To adjust for survivor bias, we matched the follow-up time so that each patient in the nonsurgical group survived at least as long as the time to surgery in the respective surgically-treated patient. We also used valve surgery as a time-dependent covariate in different Cox models. A total of 129 (23.6%) patients underwent surgery within 30 days of diagnosis. Death occurred in 99 of the 417 patients (23.7%) in the nonsurgical group versus 35 deaths among the 129 patients (27.1%) in the surgical group. Eighteen of 35 (51%) patients in the surgical group died within 7 days of valve surgery. In the subset of 186 cases (93 pairs of surgical versus nonsurgical cases) matched on the logit of their propensity score, diagnosis decade, and follow-up time, no significant association existed between surgery and mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 3.1). With a Cox model that incorporated surgery as a time-dependent covariate, valve surgery was associated with an increase in the 6-month mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.2). Because the proportionality hazard assumption was violated in the time-dependent analysis, we performed a partitioning analysis. After adjustment for early (operative) mortality, surgery was not associated with a survival benefit (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 1.76). Conclusions— The results of our study suggest that valve surgery in left-sided infective endocarditis is not associated with a survival benefit and could be associated with increased 6-month mortality, even after adjustment for selection and survivor biases as well as confounders. Given the disparity between the results of our study and those of other observational studies, well-designed prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the role of valve surgery in endocarditis management.
Cimetidine and ranitidine in duodenal ulcer.
Authors: J D Elashoff
Journal: BMJ (1980)

SIR,-The study in your last issue by Dr I G Barrison and others (18 October, p 1040) incorporated two false premises: (a) that "heavy drinkers" are likely to reveal them- selves during "routine history taking"; and (b) that a heavy drinking habit is a necessary or sufficient condition for the diagnosis of an alcoholic.
Increased Nonconducted P-Wave Arrhythmias after a Single Oil Fly Ash Inhalation Exposure in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Aimen K. Farraj, Najwa Haykal-Coates, Darrell W. Winsett, Mehdi S. Hazari, Alex P. Carll, William H. Rowan, Allen D. Ledbetter, Wayne E. Cascio, Daniel L. Costa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Exposure to combustion-derived fine particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality especially in individuals with cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. PM inhalation causes several adverse changes in cardiac function that are reflected in the electrocardiogram (ECG), including altered cardiac rhythm, myocardial ischemia, and reduced heart rate variability (HRV). The sensitivity and reliability of ECG-derived parameters as indicators of the cardiovascular toxicity of PM in rats are unclear.We hypothesized that spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats are more susceptible to the development of PM-induced arrhythmia, altered ECG morphology, and reduced HRV than are Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, a related strain with normal blood pressure.We exposed rats once by nose-only inhalation for 4 hr to residual oil fly ash (ROFA), an emission source particle rich in transition metals, or to air and then sacrificed them 1 or 48 hr later.ROFA-exposed SH rats developed non-conducted P-wave arrhythmias but no changes in ECG morphology or HRV. We found no ECG effects in ROFA-exposed WKY rats. ROFA-exposed SH rats also had greater pulmonary injury, neutrophil infiltration, and serum C-reactive protein than did ROFA-exposed WKY rats.These results suggest that cardiac arrhythmias may be an early sensitive indicator of the propensity for PM inhalation to modify cardiovascular function.
Measuring prescribing: the shortcomings of the item
Authors: S M Bogle, C M Harris
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To assess the validity of the item as a measure of the volume of a drug prescribed; and to investigate the possibility that higher quantities per item are prescribed for patients who are not exempt from the prescription charge. <b>Design</b>: Five substudies. For the first, a frequency distribution was derived of the different quantities per item of 10 commonly used drugs prescribed by 20 randomly selected practices in each of five family health service authority areas. For the second, the variation in average quantity per item for the same drugs in the same practices was calculated. For the third and fourth, variation in average quantity per item for 90 commonly used drugs was calculated for all 90 family health service authorities and for all 14 regional health authorities in England. For the fifth, the average quantity per item for each of the 90 drugs was regressed on the percentage of items exempt from the prescription charge, at family health service authority level, and the percentage of variation explained by the regression found. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Distribution of quantity per item; variation in average quantity per item between the practices, between family health service authorities, and between regions; and percentage of variation between family health service authorities accounted for by exemption from the prescription charge. <b>Results</b>: Wide variation was found in the quantities per item prescribed by the practices, and in the average quantity per item between practices and between family health service authorities. No family health service authority was consistently high or low in quantity per item across the 90 drugs. Variation in average quantity per item was less at regional than at family health service authority level, though still high for many of the drugs. The proportion of variation accounted for by exemption from prescription charges ranged from 0% to 49% across the 90 drugs. <b>Conclusions</b>: The item is unsuitable as a measure of prescribing volume, even at regional level: a new measure, based on standard daily dosages,is needed. The percentage of the variation in quantity per item accounted for by exemption is inconsistent, and in over half the 90 drugs it was below 20% - therefore it is not a useful predictor.
ABLATION OF THE LABYRINTH IN A CASE WITH MENIERE'S SYMPTOMS
Authors: C. Yorke
Journal: BMJ (1918)

flislplaced-downwads. Oil aspiration a pint-and a half of sero- Purulent fliid' was removed from the chest; this stiowed'oll nicroscopical examination pneumococci in pure culture.As this fluid.rapidly ancumulated again: i&t was-found necessary, uinder local'anaesthesia, to remove it more thoroughly than by aspiration.Through-the opening-formed bv'the aspirating needle a probe was passed; and then Sir StClair Thomson's iieedlb tonsil fbroeps: were-introduced& whichs wbienm opened, allbwedi aw sexrpurnlenb.fluiid to: pass avay, vey-freelyp.The opening, wa& enlarged by the, litll finger,.and, latly-, two (1rainage tubes wers.passeidin.These drainied the chest tis- factorily.The child.was.carried' out, into the fresh air.tii-e foll6wing dky-aud:went on-to complbte-recovery.What I wislh to point.out is. the marLedleffect.forgpod ofithe .seruminjections.The fluid'.i the pleueraaccumu- lated, after the, pneumonia.appeared to.b, subdued, but notwithstanding, t-le undoubtes presenasc of solable poisonous; substancesf in thle blood the-antipneumoooeeal serum was-eflctive Lastly, it was-not-necessary to verify t-hel type of pneumoaocci.according, tQ taie.method of Daohezi and Amery, and.use, 1aego!qpa.titiea of this specific and' modified seramn intravenowlyi The serum was efftetive although: used-subcutaneously.If Cole'a con- tention were aoorrent.serum treatment would.be quite *nsekas in= the, staWe of groy-hepatik&tion in-pneumiionia.My-expeniencii-nimany-eases is quite.theoppoeite.
Trends in Management and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Anvar Babaev, Paul D. Frederick, David J. Pasta, Nathan Every, Tina Sichrovsky, Judith S. Hochman, for the NRMI Investigators
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Early mechanical revascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock is a therapeutic strategy that reduces mortality. It has been a class I recommendation in guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association since 1999 for patients younger than 75 years. However, little is known about implementation of these guidelines in practice.To assess trends in early revascularization and mortality for patients with cardiogenic shock complicating AMI and to determine whether the national guidelines affect revascularization rates.Prospective, observational study of 293,633 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (25,311 [8.6%] had cardiogenic shock; 7356 [29%] had cardiogenic shock at hospital presentation) enrolled in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI) from January 1995 to May 2004 at 775 US hospitals with revascularization capability (defined as the capability to perform cardiac catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], and open-heart surgery).Management patterns and in-hospital mortality rates.There was an increase in primary PCI rates from 27.4% to 54.4% (P<.001) in hospitals with revascularization capability that paralleled the change in PCI for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. There was no significant change in rates of immediate coronary artery bypass graft surgery (from 2.1% to 3.2%). Propensity-adjusted multivariable analyses demonstrated that primary PCI was associated with a decreased odds of death during hospitalization (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.53). There were no differences in the rates of change in revascularization rates based on the date when the guidelines were released regardless of patient age. Overall in-hospital cardiogenic shock mortality decreased from 60.3% in 1995 to 47.9% in 2004 (P<.001).The use of PCI for patients with cardiogenic shock was associated with improved survival in a large group of hospitals with revascularization capability. The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines had no detectable temporal impact on revascularization rates. These findings support the need for increased adherence to these guidelines.
A natural allele of Nxf1 suppresses retrovirus insertional mutations
Authors: Jennifer A Floyd, David A Gold, Dorothy Concepcion, Tiffany H Poon, Xiaobo Wang, Elizabeth Keithley, Dan Chen, Erica J Ward, Steven B Chinn, Rick A Friedman, Hon-Tsen Yu, Kazuo Moriwaki, Toshihiko Shiroishi, Bruce A Hamilton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Idiopathic Hypercalciuria and Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: P. Adams, T. M. Chalmers, L. F. Hill, B. M. Truscott
Journal: BMJ (1970)

With provocative tests of parathyroid activity based on phosphate deprivation and the administration of chlorothiazide 8 out of 19 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria developed hypercalcaemia. Five of the eight underwent exploration of the neck and four of them had parathyroid adenomas; the fifth patient had "normal" glands but responded satisfactorily to subtotal parathyroidectomy. One patient who failed to develop hypercalcaemia had primary chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroids.
Crimes Without Victims. Deviant Behavior and Public Policy: Abortion, Homosexuality, Drug Addiction
Authors: George E. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Physicians are familiar with the general concept that deviate behavior and deviate conditions or circumstances can be fully understood only in relation to conformity. In the physician's world, the word deviate is not often used. Instead, variations from the norm are termed illness or disease. Sociologists live and work in an area of learning somewhat distantly removed from that of the physician. To the sociologist, deviate refers to individual behavior which somehow misses conformity and consequently invokes societal reactions. These reactions must be studied in order to understand the deviant. Next to sociology, law is probably most concerned with deviate behavior, since to control, discourage, or even prevent certain types thereof, society often adopts legal sanctions. Most of these laws are of the criminal type, and some of them are quite unenforceable. As Sutherland said in<i>Principles of Criminology</i>, "Laws have accumulated because the mores have been weak and inconsistent;
Effect of (pro)renin receptor inhibition by a decoy peptide on renal damage in the clipped kidney of Goldblatt rats
Authors: Christian Krebs, Matthias Weber, Oliver Steinmetz, Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger, Rolf Stahl, A. H Jan Danser, Ingrid Garrelds, Harry van Goor, Genevieve Nguyen, Dominik Müller, Ulrich Wenzel
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Prostate&amp;ndash;Specific Antigen Complexed to &amp;alpha;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;ndash;Antichymotrypsin in the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Manuel Mart&iacute;nez, Francisco Espa&ntilde;a, Montserrat Royo, C&eacute;sar D. Vera, Amparo Estell&eacute;s, J. Fernando Jim&eacute;nez-Cruz, Pilar Medina, Justo Aznar
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Complete remission in three patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia by administration of G-CSF without antileukemic agents
Authors: Masuhiro Takahashi, Tadashi Koike, Yoshifusa Aizawa, Makoto Kashimura, Kunihiro Hayatsu, Ko-ichi Nagai, Atsushi Abe, Masaru Urushiyama, Kumiko Yagisawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

We describe 3 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), who received rhG-CSF for infections such as pneumonia or for prophylaxis of infection, and who achieved complete remission. They had not received any antileukemic therapy before or during the administration of rhG-CSF. These findings suggest the possibility that complete remission can be brought about by G-CSF itself in some patients with AML. Am. J. Hematol. 56:42–44, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 2341: The Subtilisin-like proprotein convertases blockade inhibits the invasiveness of human primary melanoma with altered <i>P53,</i> <i>CDKN2A</i> and <i>N-Ras</i> genes
Authors: Claude Lalou, Nathalie Scamuffa, Marie-Pierre Podgorniak, Francois Plassa, Samia Mourah, Nadem Soufir, Nicolas Dumaz, Fabien Calvo, Nicole Basset-Seguin, Abdel-Majid KHATIB
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Altered tumor suppressor p53 and/or CDKN2A as well as the Ras genes are frequently found in primary and metastatic melanomas. These alterations are responsible for the invasive/metastatic potential acquisition through their defective regulatory control on various MMPs and urokinase genes. Using primary human melanoma M10 cells with altered P53, CDKN2A and N-Ras genes, we found that inhibition of the proprotein convertases (PCs), enzymes involved in the proteolytic activation and/or expression of various cancer-related protein precursors reduced significantly their invasiveness. Analysis of M10 cells and their gastric and ganglion derived metastatic lesions revealed the presence of all the PCs found in the secretory pathway namely Furin, PACE4, PC5 and PC7. Expression of the general PCs inhibitor α1-PDX in these cells in a stable manner (M10/PDX) had no effect on the mRNA expression levels of these PCs. In vitro digestion assays and cell transfection experiments, revealed that M10/PDX cells present reduced PCs activity and are unable to process the PCs substrates proIGF-1R and proPDGF-A. These cells showed reduced migration, and invasion of Matrigel in vitro that paralleled decreased gelatinase MMP-2 activity and increased mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2. Furthermore, these cells showed decreased mRNA levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and increased mRNA levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Taken together, these data suggest that PCs activity inhibition has the ability to interfere with primary human melanoma cells invasiveness despite their altered P53, CDKN2A and N-Ras genes, suggesting the potential use of PCs as new therapeutic targets in melanoma. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2341.
Loss of Radiogallium from Lymphoma after Initiation of Chemotherapy
Authors: TIMOTHY J. DAMBRO, JAMES D. SLAVIN, NEIL F. EPSTEIN, RONALD E. WEINER, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A man with a high-grade lymphoma had radiogallium imaging at 48 hours postinjection, revealing three distinct sites of uptake (neck and thorax). Unknown to the authors, the patient was given cytoxan, vincristine, and prednisone intravenously 27 hours after radiogallium administration. The images at 120 hours showed markedly reduced radiogallium activity at all three sites. Possible reasons for the loss of radiogallium from the tumor sites were presented.
Herbal intoxication. Psychoactive effects from herbal cigarettes, tea, and capsules
Authors: R. K. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Herbal preparations, designed to be smoked or ingested for "health and happiness", are promoted as legal hallucinogens, euphoriants, and marihuana substitutes. A total of 25 psychoactive substances have been identified in these products, and a number of intoxications have resulted from their short- or long-term use. Physicians should be alerted to the nature of these effects when taking drug histories, and their possible role in the causation of medical complaints should be considered.
Development of a Service Clinical Anesthesia Laboratory
Authors: William J. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Routine laboratory monitoring of patients in operating and recovery rooms is practically unknown, in spite of the probability that here may occur some of the most rapid and significant physiological changes encountered during a patient's hospitalization. Can these alterations secondary to the pharmacological challenges of anesthesia and the traumatic stresses of surgery be detected by existing measurement techniques? And more important, could such laboratory data contribute toward an improvement in patient care by decreasing the risks of a surgical procedure?  Establishment of Facility  These questions were first subjected to testing a little over a year ago by the Anesthesia Service of the North Carolina Memorial Hospital. An electronic monitoring program which made a continuous electrocardiogram, peripheral pulsimeter tracings, and measurements of end expiratory carbon dioxide and direct arterial blood pressure had previously been put into routine use. This clearly facilitated closer control of the operating-room patient, and it was questioned
Early detection of ovarian cancer
Authors: M. G. Teneriello, R. C. Park
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1995)

Ovarian cancer meets the criteria of a disease for which screening can be justified. The disease is most often diagnosed in advanced stages, when chances for long-term survival are poor. Yet effective treatment exists for early-stage disease, such that early detection can increase long-term survival. However, screening for early-stage ovarian cancer with the high specificity necessary for this low-prevalence disease has proven to be a challenge. This article reviews the issues of early detection of ovarian cancer, including pathology, statistical considerations, diagnostic modalities, and results of the major clinical studies undertaken.
Sequence heterogeneity within the 5′-terminal region of the hepatitis GB virus C genome and evidence for genotypes
Authors: A.Scott Muerhoff, John N. Simons, Thomas P. Leary, James C. Erker, Michelle L. Chalmers, Tami J. Pilot-Matias, George J. Dawson, Suresh M. Desai, Isa K. Mushahwar
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
SIGNIFICANCE OF CHEMICAL BLOOD FINDINGS IN UROLOGIC CONDITIONS
Authors: J. BENTLEY SQUIER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Before surgical procedures are undertaken on the kidneys, bladder or prostate, it is essential that the normality of kidney function be ascertained, since disease of these organs not infrequently leads to impairment in renal function. The introduction of the phenolsulphonephthalein test by Rowntree and Geraghty, 1 in 1910, afforded a relatively simple means of measuring kidney function, but the difficulty of securing accurate collections of urine in cases with obstruction has tended to impair the value of the test in this type of case. The advent of simple methods of blood analysis, however, has made it possible to ascertain the functional activity of the kidneys without recourse to tests on the urine. The various chemical blood tests unquestionably furnish a much broader appreciation of renal function than that obtained by the phenolsulphonephthalein test alone. However, they only measure the function of the kidneys as a whole, and in the differentiation
Self-Reported Sleep and β-Amyloid Deposition in Older Adults—Reply
Authors: Adam P. Spira, Yang An, Susan M. Resnick
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

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