tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetic renal disease: differences between Asian and white patients.
Authors: A Samanta, A C Burden, J Feehally, J Walls
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A case of scurvy Sporadic cases of scurvy may continue to occur despite improved standards ofliving and food supply.Those at risk include people living alone and those with peculiar dietary habits, which are often taken to relieve symptoms.We. report a case of scurvy in a young man whose diet' was severely deficient in vitamin C as a result ofexclusions devised to prevent alleged hypersensitivity to food.Current lay enthusm for dietary treatment of a great variety of symptoms may well lead to an increase in this type ofdeficiency.t2Case report A 28 year old man, educationally below average, presented as an.emergency with alas, immobility, andarash.Threeyearsprei0ouslyhehadbeenrefxred for investigation of epilepsy, which had been diagilosed 14 years before.His parents, with whom he lived, had become convinced that his fits were due to food allergy, which they also blamed for his intermittent attacks of flatulence.Temporal lobe epilepsy had been diagnosed, and concurrent investigation for coeliac disease (including small intestinal biopsy).yieldednegative results- He was advised to eat normally, but his parents remained determined to pwve . .i . .; -. .
Statistical analyses of the relative risk.
Authors: J J Gart
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Let P1 be the probability of a disease in one population and P2 be the probability of a disease in a second population. The ratio of these quantities, R = P1/P2, is termed the relative risk. We consider first the analyses of the relative risk from retrospective studies. The relation between the relative risk and the odds ratio (or cross-product ratio) is developed. The odds ratio can be considered a parameter of an exponential model possessing sufficient statistics. This permits the development of exact significance tests and confidence intervals in the conditional space. Unconditional tests and intervals are also considered briefly. The consequences of misclassification errors and ignoring matching or stratifying are also considered. The various methods are extended to combination of results over the strata. Examples of case-control studies testing the association between HL-A frequencies and cancer illustrate the techniques. The parallel analyses of prospective studies are given. If P1 and P2 are small with large samples sizes the appropriate model is a Poisson distribution. This yields a exponential model with sufficient statistics. Exact conditional tests and confidence intervals can then be developed. Here we consider the case where two populations are compared adjusting for sex differences as well as for the strata (or covariate) differences such as age. The methods are applied to two examples: (1) testing in the two sexes the ratio of relative risks of skin cancer in people living in different latitudes, and (2) testing over time the ratio of the relative risks of cancer in two cities, one of which fluoridated its drinking water and one which did not.
Proposals to increase the motorway speed limit by 10 mph
Authors: J. Lopez Bernal, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is controversial. A community jury allows presentation of complex information and may clarify how participants view screening after being well-informed. We examined whether participating in a community jury had an effect on men9s knowledge about and their intention to participate in PSA screening. <h3>Design</h3> Random allocation to either a 2-day community jury or a control group, with preassessment, postassessment and 3-month follow-up assessment. <h3>Setting</h3> Participants from the Gold Coast (Australia) recruited via radio, newspaper and community meetings. <h3>Participants</h3> Twenty-six men aged 50–70 years with no previous diagnosis of prostate cancer. <h3>Intervention</h3> The control group (n=14) received factsheets on PSA screening. Community jury participants (n=12) received the same factsheets and further information about screening for prostate cancer. In addition, three experts presented information on PSA screening: a neutral scientific advisor provided background information, one expert emphasised the potential benefits of screening and another expert emphasised the potential harms. Participants discussed information, asked questions to the experts and deliberated on personal and policy decisions. <h3>Main outcome and measures</h3> Our primary outcome was change in individual intention to have a PSA screening test. We also assessed knowledge about screening for prostate cancer. <h3>Results</h3> Analyses were conducted using intention-to-treat. Immediately after the jury, the community jury group had less intention-to-screen for prostate cancer than men in the control group (effect size=−0.6 SD, p=0.05). This was sustained at 3-month follow-up. Community jury men also correctly identified PSA test accuracy and considered themselves more informed (effect size=1.2 SD, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Evidence-informed deliberation of the harms and benefits of PSA screening effects men9s individual choice to be screened for prostate cancer. Community juries may be a valid method for eliciting target group input to policy decisions. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12612001079831).
Cardiology Textbooks on Disk
Authors: Craig H. Scott
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings1 February 2000Cardiology Textbooks on DiskCraig H. Scott, MDCraig H. Scott, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-3-200002010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Hardbound textbooks have many advantages over electronic texts. Hardbound texts do not need batteries, special software, phone lines, or computers. There are never compatibility problems unless the book is in a language that the reader does not understand. Medical reference books also have an exceedingly long shelf life, but they invariably outlive the usefulness of their content. The main advantages of electronic texts are their ability to perform an automated search for keywords and phrases; to link portions of the text to other parts of the book, including references; to access information in dynamic Internet data repositories; and to include ...References1. Cardiology [book on CD-ROM]. Based on: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 5th ed. Braunwald. Braunwald's Heart Disease: Review and Assessment, 3rd ed. Mendelsohn, ed. Marcus Cardiac Imaging: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease. 2nd ed. Skorton, Schelbert, Wolf, Brundage, eds. Cardiovascular Therapeutics: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease. Smith, Mendelsohn, eds. Philadelphia; WB Saunders: 1998. Google Scholar2. Hurst's The Heart [book on CD-ROM]. Alexander RW, Schlant R, Fuster V, O'Rourke R, Roberts R, Sonnenblick E, eds. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1999. Google Scholar3. Cardiovascular Medicine Enhanced Multimedia CD-ROM [book on CD-ROM]. Topol EJ, Nissen S, eds. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1998. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Craig H. Scott, MDAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Corresponding Author: Craig H. Scott, MD, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 9023 East Gates Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 2000Volume 132, Issue 3Page: 248-251KeywordsAortaCardiology and cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular imagingCardiovascular therapyChartsComputersDatabasesInternetPregnancySoftware tools ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
New multiplicities of dreaming and REMing
Authors: Harry T. Hunt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The five authors vary in the degree to which the recent neuroscience of the REM state leads them towards multiple dimensions and forms of dreaming consciousness (Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Solms) or toward all-explanatory single factor models (Vertes &amp; Eastman, Revonsuo). The view of the REM state as a prolongation of the orientation response to novelty fits best with the former pluralisms but not the latter monisms. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms; Vertes &amp; Eastman]
High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhanced With Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles Measures Macrophage Burden in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kunio Morishige, Daniel F. Kacher, Peter Libby, Lee Josephson, Peter Ganz, Ralph Weissleder, Masanori Aikawa
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Macrophages contribute to the progression and acute complications of atherosclerosis. Macrophage imaging may serve as a biomarker to identify subclinical inflamed lesions, to predict future risk, and to aid in the assessment of novel therapies.To test the hypothesis that nanoparticle-enhanced, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can measure plaque macrophage accumulation, we used 3-T MRI with a macrophage-targeted superparamagnetic nanoparticle preparation (monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles-47 [MION-47]) in cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits 6 months after balloon injury. In vivo MRI visualized thickened abdominal aortas on both T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images (T1 spin echo, 20 axial slices per animal; T2 spin echo, 28 slices per animal). Seventy-two hours after MION-47 injection, aortas exhibited lower T2 signal intensity compared with before contrast imaging (signal intensity ratio, aortic wall/muscle: before, 1.44 ± 0.26 versus after, 0.95 ± 0.22; 164 slices; P<0.01), whereas T1 spin echo images showed no significant change. MRI on ex vivo specimens provided similar results. Histological studies colocalized iron accumulation with immunoreactive macrophages in atheromata. The magnitude of signal intensity reduction on T2 spin echo in vivo images further correlated with macrophage areas in situ (150 slices; r=0.73). Treatment with rosuvastatin for 3 months yielded diminished macrophage content (P<0.05) and reversed T2 signal intensity changes (P<0.005). Signal changes in rosuvastatin-treated rabbits correlated with reduced macrophage burden (r=0.73). In vitro validation studies showed concentration-dependent MION-47 uptake by human primary macrophages.The magnitude of T2 signal intensity reduction in high-resolution MRI after administration of superparamagnetic phagocytosable nanoparticles can assess macrophage burden in atheromata, providing a clinically translatable tool to identify inflamed plaques and to monitor therapy-mediated changes in plaque inflammation.
Drugs of Addiction – The Ciba Foundation — A Century of Antisepsis
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE extent of the problem of drug addiction in Great Britain is difficult to assess, but it appears to have increased in the last few years, particularly among the young. A member of a panel in a radio discussion who dismissed the problem by saying that after all when he was young there were two drugs of addiction that tempted him and his friends, nicotine and alcohol, and both were being consumed by their elders in large quantities, was probably too facetious since the drugs now being taken by the young can have even more serious social consequences than alcohol . . .
B2-02: Pre-operative chemotherapy in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): The MRC LU22 / NVALT / EORTC 08012 multi-centre randomised trial
Authors: David Gilligan, Marianne Nicolson, Ian Smith, Harry Groen, Peter Goldstraw, Christian Manegold, Jan Van Meerbeeck, Matthew Nankivell, Cheryl Pugh, Richard J. Stephens
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Poor Physical Performance and Dementia in the Oldest Old
Authors: Szofia S. Bullain, Maria M. Corrada, Barbara Agee Shah, Farah H. Mozaffar, Martina Panzenboeck, Claudia H. Kawas
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2012)

To examine the cross-sectional relationship between physical performance and dementia in the oldest old (those ≥ 90 years of age).Cross-sectional study.The 90+ Study is a population-based, longitudinal, epidemiologic study of aging and dementia performed at the University of California, Irvine, from January 1, 2003, through November 30, 2009.A total of 629 participants from The 90+ Study were included in the study. The mean age was 94 years, and most (72.5%) were women.All-cause dementia, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) criteria, was the main outcome measure. The independent variables were physical performance measures, including 4-m walk, 5 chair stands, standing balance, and grip strength, each scored from 0 to 4 (0, unable to perform; 4, best performance). Odds of dementia in relation to the physical performance measures were estimated by logistic regression after adjustment for age and sex. RESULTS Poor physical performance in all measures was significantly associated with increased odds of dementia (P< .001). Odds ratios for every unit decrease in physical performance score were 2.1 for 4-m walk, 2.1 for chair stands, 1.9 for standing balance, and 1.7 for grip strength.We found a strong cross-sectional relationship between poor physical performance and dementia in people 90 years and older. Our findings suggest that dementia is a complex neurodegenerative process that may affect physical performance and cognition. Additional research is necessary to determine the temporal relationship between poor physical performance and cognitive dysfunction.
Cardiac surgery inquiry given wide remit
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The terms of reference for the “Bristol babies” inquiry, announced last week, go well beyond the cases decided by the General Medical Council (GMC) two months ago.

In June the GMC struck two Bristol doctors off the medical register–retired surgeon Mr James Wisheart and the former chief executive of the hospital trust, Dr John Roylance (27 June, A third doctor, Dr Janardan Dhasmana, was barred from practising paediatric heart surgery for …
Microvessel Density: Correlation between Contrast Ultrasonography and Histology of Prostate Cancer
Authors: J.P. Michiel Sedelaar, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, Christian A. Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, Henk G. van der Poel, Jeroen A.W.M. van der Laak, Frans M.J. Debruyne, Hessel Wijkstra, Jean J.M.C.H. de la Rosette
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Erythema nodosum and oral contraceptives.
Authors: A Taaffe, A Y Finlay, R Marks
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A case of erythema nodosum in a 26-year-old woman who took Minilyn for 3 years is reported. The occurrence of erythema nodosum corresponded to the periods of use and discontinuation of Minilyn; it was assumed that Minilyn was responsible for the condition. After a challenge with 4 unknown types of pills, 1 of which was Minilyn, the erythema nodosum did not recur. It is possible that desensitization to Minilyn had occurred in the meantime.
Expression of bronchodilator response using forced oscillation technique measurements: absolute versus relative
Authors: E. Oostveen, S. Dom, K. Desager, M. Hagendorens, W. De Backer, J. Weyler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

From the authors:

We thank C. Thamrin and co-workers for their interest in our paper and their reflection, which continues the discussion on how to express bronchodilator responsiveness. This has been an important topic of debate for decades in the adult and the paediatric pulmonary field. In their letter, C. Thamrin and co-workers state that if a bronchodilator change is related to anthropometric factors or baseline lung function, these factors should be taken into account.

The worse the baseline lung function the more room for improvement, at least for the asthmatic patient. This has been recognised and translated in the guideline that the bronchodilator response as assessed with forced expiration is …
Mite Fauna and Fungal Flora in House Dust from Homes of Asthmatic Children
Authors: A. Ishii, M. Takaoka, M. Ichinoe, Y. Kabasawa, T. Ouchi
Journal: Allergy (1979)

Mite fauna and fungal flora in the house dust from homes of asthmatic children with positive and negative skin test to house dust allergen and non‐asthmatic controls were examined. There was no conspicuous difference in mile species distribution among the three groups. Pyroglyphid mites dominate the mite fauna in house dust more than half of which being Dermatophagoides: D. pteronvssinus and D. farinae. There was no statisucally significant difference in numbers between the two species and either species could dominate depending on the conditions of the individual houses. The average number of acarina in 0.5 g of fine dust did not differ statistically among the three groups; however, mite number per square meter floor differed between patients with positive skin test and negative skin test. The results suggest that house‐cleaning might influence the possible sensitization of children. The genetic distribution of mould fungi in house dust was largely similar to that of airborne fungi. The average number of fungal colonies detected in 0.5 g of dust did not differ statistically among the three groups. Wallemia with its minute spores may cause sensitization but has so far been investigated investigated.
P1-07-04: Gene Expression Module Biomarkers To Stratify Multiple Clinical and Therapeutic Endpoints for Universal Breast Cancer Companion Diagnostic.
Authors: D Rhodes, S Tomlins, P Williams, S Sadis, P Wyngaard, K Oades, S Chattopadhyay, Y Wang, J Monforte, B-I Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Gene expression patterns are increasingly capable of stratifying patients based on prognosis and response to therapy. Given the limited availability of sample tissue, however, it is not feasible to run many tests, suggesting the need for a universal companion diagnostic assay that is informative with respect to multiple clinical and therapeutic endpoints. Key challenges are identification of appropriate gene expression biomarkers, translation of biomarkers to clinical assays, and development of reliable gene expression profiling of formalin-fixed clinical specimens. Here, we describe a meta-analysis approach that identifies novel biomarker modules that results in multiple clinical and therapeutic read-outs. A co-expression meta-analysis of 5,339 breast tumors from 56 microarray datasets identified highly co-expressed sets of genes (modules) across multiple datasets. These module based biomarkers were tested for their ability to associate with prognostic and predictive targets in published datasets. In addition, each module was reduced from 10 - 1,000 genes to the top performing 2–3 genes based on the degree of co-expression across the meta-analysis and validation by quantitative PCR in an independent panel of FFPE tumor samples. This study demonstrates that a single 96 gene qPCR test utilizing multiple module biomarkers is not only capable of stratifying patients by standard histopathological parameters (ER, PR and Her2), but also stratifies by other diverse elements of the disease (cell lineage, dysregulated core biological functions, factors of cell growth, underlying genomic aberrations and the tumor microenvironment). Taken together, these biological variables represent the major biological diversity present within the breast cancer population. A series of retrospective analyses demonstrated that different single module and combinations of modules were capable of predicting a variety of clinical endpoints, including 5-year survival, neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in ER- patients and targeted therapy response in model systems.The molecular heterogeneity of breast cancer can be summarized by discrete gene expression modules that individually represent distinct biological pathways, and that collectively can be represented by as few as 96 genes. These breast cancer modules, together with outlier genes, allow for summation of the entire transcriptional program and provide a universal assay with broad application to companion diagnostics development. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-04.
Proliferation of abnormal bone marrow histiocytes, an undesired effect of granulocyte macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor therapy in a patient with hurler's syndrome undergoing bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Eric Lang, Michael L. Cibull, Diane D. Davey, Vincent S. Gallicchio, P. Jean Henslee‐Downey, Edward J. Harder, Michael J. Messino
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Granulocyte macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) has shown promise as a means of alleviating leukopenia associated with a wide variety of disorders. It is currently undergoing evaluation as an adjunct to bone marrow transplantation but its use in patients with metabolic disorders, such as Hurler's syndrome (HS), has not been explored. We followed bone marrow morphology in a 2‐year‐old male with HS who received up to 8 μg/kg GM‐CSF per day because of failure of allogeneic bone marrow engraftment. Both premortem and postmortem bone marrow sampling revealed almost complete replacement of the marrow space by sheets of histiocytes demonstrating metachromatic cytoplasmic granules. Such cells were present in far greater numbers than are usually seen in untreated patients with HS or patients with HS undergoing successful bone marrow transplantation without GM‐CSF. Moreover, the in vitro culture of bone marrow from a second HS patient showed a GM‐CSF dose‐related increase in colony formation up to a dose of 250 units/ml. Microscopic examination of these colonies showed a high percent‐age of histiocytes identical to those seen in the patient's bone marrow. These observations suggest that caution should be exercised when considering administration of CSFs to patients with HS and similar metabolic storage diseases. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pneumatosis coli: complication of practolol.
Authors: S L Thein, P Asquith
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Thrombocytopenic purpura during treatment with LibraxThere have been no reports relating thrombocytopenia to the consumption of Librax-a combination of chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/tablet) and clidinium bromide (2 5 mg/tablet).We have observed a case of thrombocytopenic purpura apparently induced by this medication. Case reportA 32-year-old White woman teacher, weighing 56 kg, consulted her doctor complaining of fatigue, nervousness, non-specific gastrointestinal distur- bances, and family problems.A gastrointestinal transit test and routine blood tests showed no abnormalities.The patient had no other metabolic disease or a family history of adverse drug effects.Her doctor prescribed Librax (Roche) orally three tablets a day and a diet without acid fruits.After seven days on