tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital at home
Authors: S. Shepperd, S. Iliffe
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Providing services traditionally associated with secondary care in the community is a feature of health policy both in Britain and abroad. “Hospital at home” is currently a popular response to the increasing demand for hospital beds. Cutting costs by avoiding admission and reducing length of stay in hospital is a central goal of such schemes. Changes in medical technology, improvements in housing, and an increasing emphasis on primary care have all encouraged the idea that some hospital services can be provided safely and more cheaply in the community.

A national survey of purchasing authorities in Britain shows that most authorities are either supporting, or planning to support, a hospital at home scheme (S Iliffe and A Haines, unpublished data). All 136 health authorities, commissions, and health boards were asked to report planned or operational hospital at home schemes in their district. Hospital at home was defined as the provision of a service that prevented hospital admission, …
Flawed Prescribing Practices Revealed
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors: where are we now and where are we going?
Authors: S E Sweeney, G S Firestein
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Orally bioavailable compounds that target key intracellular signalling molecules are receiving increasing attention for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. The mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases are especially attractive because they regulate both cytokine production and cytokine action. The MAP kinases are expressed and activated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. Preclinical studies using MAP kinase inhibitors are very effective in animal models of arthritis, supporting their potential utility in human disease. Although the available data suggest a rationale for MAP kinase blockade, development of drugs has been hampered by toxicity and limited efficacy. Alternative strategies, such as targeting other kinases in the cascade or development of allosteric inhibitors have been proposed. These approaches might permit effective use of MAP kinase inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatic and immune-mediated diseases.
Distinct patterns of heavy chain variable region subgroup use by human monoclonal autoantibodies of different specificity.
Authors: G J Silverman, F Goñi, J Fernandez, P P Chen, B Frangione, D A Carson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Using a panel of antibodies specific for H and L chain variable region subgroups, a panel of human monoclonal cold agglutinin (CA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibodies were analyzed. The vast majority of the two types of autoantibodies utilized VkIII L chains, many of which probably derive from the Humkv325 gene. However, while most RFs (77%) utilized VHI H chains, all the CAs used VHII subgroup H chains. These results are consistent with a model of autoantibody generation, wherein binding specificity is H chain defined in a set of antibodies that use a multipotential L chain.
Predicting Progression of Alzheimer Disease-Reply
Authors: Yaakov Stern
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The issue of whether some of our cases suffered from dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), as opposed to Alzheimer disease (AD), is indeed important. Extrapyramidal signs and psychotic features have been noted in both AD without Lewy bodies and DLB.<sup>1,2</sup>In recruiting our cohort, we carefully applied clinical diagnostic criteria in an attempt to include only cases of probable AD<sup>3</sup>and differentiate them from DLB.<sup>4</sup>Thus, the onset of cognitive changes in our group was more typical of probable AD than DLB, none of our patients had fluctuating cognition, and only 2 had persistent visual hallucinations. Our autopsy data on 44 patients suggest that we were quite successful in excluding DLB: only 1 patient met pathologic criteria for DLB alone and another for senile changes of the AD type with concomitant DLB. In contrast, 37 met criteria for AD with neuritic plaques and neocortical tangles. While we
SUDDEN DEATH AND MERCURIAL DIURETICS
Authors: M. HERBERT BARKER
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our purpose in this communication is to report the death of 4 patients following the injection of different mercurial diuretics and to point out the similarity of the cardiac function of these patients at the time of death to the experimental cardiac arrest in dogs produced by mercury. Jackson<sup>1</sup>reported on the pharmacologic action of organic mercury compounds on the heart. By using 5 cc. of a 2 per cent solution of salyrgan intravenously, he was able regularly to produce death by ventricular fibrillation within three to five minutes in normal dogs under ether anesthesia. If the vagus inhibition of the heart was removed either by direct section or by large doses of atropine, death occurred from respiratory failure before the onset of ventricular fibrillation. He was of the opinion that the mercurials acted primarily on the heart through the mechanism of stimulation of the vagus and secondarily on
A case of colonic perforation from biliary stent
Authors: K. Aryal, D. Sherlock
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Plastic biliary stents are being increasingly used in benign biliary disease including postoperative bile leaks [1]. Occasionally, these stents may migrate distally, most passing spontaneously without causing problems. Perforation of the colon due to migrated stents is a very rare but reported complication.
Points from Letters: Payment by Colour
Authors: J. K. McKechnie
Journal: BMJ (1972)

volve us in a bureaucratic jamboree, invite us to participate in the most unprofessional labour tactics, and suffer administrative counteraction.Simultaneously it could re- move one of the bases of our professional standing, full-time patient responsibility.It opens the door to future administrative elimination of "overtime," with substitution of alternative medical cover.Full-time consultants are likely to be hard hit."Right to private practice" invites the assumption of some remuneration from private practice when finally pricing the contract.But some full-time consultants re- ject this form of practice and others have deliberately rejected their access to private practice to leave this to their part-time colleagues or work in medical or geo- graphical areas where private practice is rare.Has anyone considered how these un-
Poor leadership at HPA is blamed for spread of E coli at farm
Authors: P. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

“Specific avoidable deficiencies,” including a slow response by the UK’s Health Protection Agency, impeded the control of an outbreak of Escherichia coli at an open farm in Surrey last year, an independent report concludes.

The chairman of the investigating committee has called for better regulation of open farms but says that parents should have some say in the risks to which their children are exposed.

The Godstone Farm E coli O157 outbreak of August and September 2009 ( BMJ 2009;339:b3795, doi:10.1136/bmj.b3795) is the largest to have occurred in the United Kingdom from animal contact. Some 93 people were infected, and 17 children went on to develop haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Eight of the children needed dialysis, and …
THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF A SUB-INTIMAL STENTING AFTER RETROGRADE APPROACH FOR CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS: SUB-ANALYSIS OF THE CARTTM REGISTRY
Authors: Masashi Kimura, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Osamu Katoh, Nobuyoshi Tanaka, Kenya Nasu, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Yasushi Asakura, Tatsuya Ito, Takahiko Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract LB-25: Exploration of genome-wide circulating microRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) - dysregulation of miR-483-5p and miR-150 as diagnostic marker.
Authors: Jing Shen, Antai Wang, Qiao Wang, Irina Gurvich, Abby B. Siegel, Helen Remotti, Regina M. Santella
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has doubled over the past 20 years in the United States (US). HCC prognosis is poor if not diagnosed and treated at an early stage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by inhibiting translation or inducing cleavage of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs can regulate diverse biological processes including DNA repair, apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and immune function. Circulating miRNAs in cell-free plasma/serum samples have been consistently observed to have high stability and resistance to storage/handling, suggesting their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers. We conducted a two-phase epidemiological case-control study to test the hypothesis that genome-wide dysregulation of circulating miRNAs differentiate HCC cases from controls. A total of 69 HCC patients and 69 controls were recruited and matched on age, gender and ethnicity. Taqman low density arrays were used to examine genome-wide miRNA expression, and quantitative RT-PCR was used to validate promising candidates. Sixty-six miRNAs were found to be significantly over-expressed in plasma of HCC cases compared to controls after adjusting for false discovery rate (p&amp;lt;0.05). A volcano plot indicated that 7 miRNAs had over 2-fold case-control differences with p&amp;lt;0.01. Four significant miRNAs (miR-150, miR-30c, miR-483-5p and miR-520b) detectable in all samples with varied expression levels were further validated in an expanded case-control study. MiR-483-5p was statistically significantly over-expressed in HCC cases compared with controls (3.25 vs. 0.54, p&amp;lt;0.0001). MiR-150 was up-regulated in HCC, but the difference was not significant (5.66 vs. 5.29). The combination of plasma levels of miR-483-5p and miR-150 can significantly differentiate HCC cases from controls with an AUC of 0.850 (p&amp;lt;0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 63.8% and 85.5%. These preliminary data indicated the importance of dysregulated circulating miRNAs in hepatocarcinogenesis, and suggesting the possibility of using miR-483-5p and miR-150 as diagnostic biomarkers. Large prospective studies are necessary to replicate the current findings, and evaluate the panel of circulating miRNAs in improving early diagnosis of HCC. Citation Format: Jing Shen, Antai Wang, Qiao Wang, Irina Gurvich, Abby B. Siegel, Helen Remotti, Regina M. Santella. Exploration of genome-wide circulating microRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) - dysregulation of miR-483-5p and miR-150 as diagnostic marker. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-25. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-25
Strategies for Improving Surgical Quality — Checklists and Beyond
Authors: John D. Birkmeyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Long standard in the safety-conscious aviation industry, checklists are now being promoted aggressively in the medical literature and popular press.13 Almost all U.S. hospitals mandate simple preoperative "time-outs" to minimize the risk of egregious mistakes, such as operating on the wrong site or the wrong patient. Recently, however, many hospitals have started implementing more comprehensive checklist procedures for the operating room, aimed at increasing compliance with practices known to reduce complications and enhancing teamwork. Last year, a large international study supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that such checklists cut surgical morbidity and mortality almost in half. . . .
Is there Danger in Employment of Female Assistants by Dental Surgeons?
Authors: E. L. Annis
Journal: JAMA (1898)

La Porte, Ind., Sept. 12. 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Should dental surgeons employ female assistants? It would seem not if the following cases can be proven to be more than a coincidence. Some years ago a dentist in our city had a young woman in his employ to assist in his surgical operations. After remaining in the office several years she was married, and in due time an infant appeared upon the scene with a hare lip and cleft palate. The young woman who next assumed her duties in the office remained eight years, when she became a wife, and recently gave birth to a daughter with the same horrid deformity. I would like to hear from the profession if similar cases are on record.
Important Role for Bone Marrow–Derived Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein in Lipoprotein Cholesterol Redistribution and Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice
Authors: Miranda Van Eck, Dan Ye, Reeni B. Hildebrand, J. Kar Kruijt, Willeke de Haan, Menno Hoekstra, Patrick C.N. Rensen, Christian Ehnholm, Matti Jauhiainen, Theo J.C. Van Berkel
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Abundant amounts of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are found in macrophage-derived foam cells in the arterial wall, but its function in atherogenesis is unknown. To investigate the role of macrophage CETP in atherosclerosis, LDL receptor knockout mice were transplanted with bone marrow from CETP transgenic mice, which express the human CETP transgene under control of its natural promoter and major regulatory elements. CETP production by bone marrow-derived cells induced a 1.8-fold ( P &lt;0.01) increase in atherosclerotic lesion development. The increase in lesion size coincided with an increase in VLDL/LDL cholesterol and a decrease in HDL cholesterol. The cholesterol redistribution in serum was a direct effect of the substantial serum CETP activity and mass (38±3 nmol/mL/h and 4.8±0.5 μg/mL, respectively) induced by CETP production by bone marrow-derived cells. Conversely, specific disruption of CETP production by bone marrow-derived cells in CETP transgenic mice resulted in a ≈2-fold ( P &lt;0.0001) reduction in serum CETP activity and mass, demonstrating the quantitative relevance of bone marrow-derived CETP. Finally, we show that in liver Kupffer cells, hepatic macrophages, contribute ≈50% to the total hepatic CETP expression. In conclusion, bone marrow-derived CETP induces a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile and promotes the development of atherosclerotic lesions in LDL receptor knockout mice. Most importantly, we show for the first time that bone marrow-derived CETP is an important contributor to total serum CETP activity and mass.
Prolonged immunoglobulin and platelet infusion for treatment of immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Nitin B. Chandramouli, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) may be associated with serious hemorrhage. We describe 2 patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin given as a 24-hr continuous infusion with a concomitant continuous infusion of platelets. This regimen was rapidly effective in increasing platelet counts in both patients. Am. J. Hematol. 65:85–86, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Peanut Tolerance in Offspring of Female Mice Fed Peanut and Cholera Toxin B Subunit Is Associated with Epigenetic Regulation of Foxp3 Promoter and Induction of Mucosal Foxp3 and IL-10 Gene Expression
Authors: Yiqun Hui, Ying Song, Hugh A. Sampson, Xiu-Min Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
An fMRI Study of the Effects of Psychostimulants on Default-Mode Processing During Stroop Task Performance in Youths With ADHD
Authors: Bradley S. Peterson, Marc N. Potenza, Zhishun Wang, Hongtu Zhu, Andrés Martin, Rachel Marsh, Kerstin J. Plessen, Shan Yu
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: The authors examined the effect of psychostimulants on brain activity in children and adolescents with ADHD performing the Stroop Color and Word Test. Method: The authors acquired 52 functional MRI scans in 16 youths with ADHD who were known responders to stimulant medication and 20 healthy comparison youths. Participants with ADHD were scanned on and off medication in a counterbalanced design, and comparison subjects were scanned once without medication. Results: Stimulant medication significantly improved suppression of default-mode activity in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex in the ADHD group. When off medication, youths with ADHD were unable to suppress default-mode activity to the same degree as comparison subjects, whereas when on medication, they suppressed this activity to comparison group levels. Greater activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex when off medication predicted a greater reduction in ADHD symptoms when on medication. Granger causality analyses demonstrated that activity in the lateral prefrontal and ventral anterior cingulate cortices mutually influenced one another but that the influence of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex on the lateral prefrontal cortex was significantly reduced in youths with ADHD off medication relative to comparison subjects and increased significantly to normal levels when ADHD youths were on medication. Conclusions: Psychostimulants in youths with ADHD improved suppression of default-mode activity in the ventral anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate cortices, components of a circuit in which activity has been shown to correlate with the degree of mind-wandering during attentional tasks. Stimulants seem to improve symptoms in youths with ADHD by normalizing activity within this circuit and improving its functional interactions with the lateral prefrontal cortex.
Indices of potential lead hazard.
Authors: H S Posner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

This review is concerned with the concentrations of lead in human whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma, serum, soft tissues, bone, and urine. The extent to which redistribution of some of the bound lead occurs is outlines. The effects of lead on enzyme activities and on the accumulation of metabolic intermediates in the blood and urine are described. A brief section deals with the range of signs and symptoms that can occur and differences seen between symptomatic children and adults.
Effect of Intravenously Administered Posterior Pituitary Extract on Hemorrhage from Bleeding Esophageal Varices
Authors: Thomas C. Merigan, Gerald R. Plotkin, Charles S. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

EFFECTIVE control of bleeding from varices (esophageal or gastric) has been reported to follow intravenous administration of posterior pituitary extract to patients with cirrhosis.1 2 3 Because both esophageal balloon tamponade and emergency surgery in these patients have inherent dangers and are not always effective4 careful evaluation of posterior pituitary extract is called for. We report herewith a controlled study of pituitary extract in this difficult clinical situation.MethodsAll patients were cared for on the wards of the Second and Fourth (Harvard) Medical Services, as previously outlined.4 In addition, gastric contents were sampled serially throughout all infusion periods by nasogastric-tube aspiration. . . .
Use of biomarkers to indicate exposure of children to organophosphate pesticides: implications for a longitudinal study of children's environmental health.
Authors: Denise Wessels, Dana B Barr, Pauline Mendola
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Because of their history of widespread use in the United States and unknown long-term health effects, organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are being considered as a chemical class of interest in planning for the National Children's Study, a longitudinal study of children's environmental health. The availability and appropriate use of biomarkers to determine absorbed doses of environmental chemicals such as OPs are critical issues. Biomarkers of OP exposure are typically measured in blood and urine; however, postpartum meconium has been shown to be a promising matrix for assessing cumulative in utero exposure to the fetus, and studies are currently in progress to determine the utility of using saliva and amniotic fluid as matrices. In this article, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the currently available OP exposure monitoring methods (cholinesterase inhibition in blood, pesticides in blood, metabolites in urine and alternative matrices); study design issues for a large, long-term study of children's environmental health; and current research and future research needs. Because OPs are rapidly metabolized and excreted, the utility of one-time spot measurements of OP biomarkers is questionable unless background exposure levels are relatively stable over time or a specific time frame of interest for the study is identified and samples are collected accordingly. Biomarkers of OP exposure can be a valuable tool in epidemiology of children's environmental health, as long as they are applied and interpreted appropriately.
Abortion Politics
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Letter: Diet and coronary heart disease.
Authors: K P Ball, R Turner
Journal: BMJ (1974)

the need for further operation."I do know that not all urologists are so confident.Incidentally, my registrar has recently done open prostatectomy on a man who had transurethral resection by a distinguished London urologist only a few years ago.I am in favour of increasing the number of specialist urological units in appropriate big hospitals.But in a majority of smaller district hospitals it would surely be wiser to aim at having no more than one surgeon -killed in endoscopic operations.Whether that surgeon need be a pure urologist is an open question, dependent upon the attitude of the individual concerned as well as the practice and aptitudes of his colleagues.-I