tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treating prostate cancer
Authors: C. Parker
Journal: BMJ (2012)

No benefit from radical prostatectomy for men with low risk disease

More than 40 000 men in the United Kingdom are diagnosed as having prostate cancer each year and the incidence has tripled since the 1970s,1 largely because of efforts to promote early detection using prostate specific antigen tests. Men with localised prostate cancer face a bewildering array of treatment options, including watchful waiting, active surveillance, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, cryotherapy, high intensity focused ultrasound, and radical prostatectomy. Until now men have had to make their choice without the help of evidence from good quality randomised controlled trials. The results of the recently published Prostate cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) are welcome,2 but how will they help men diagnosed today as having localised prostate cancer to make a choice about treatment?

PIVOT recruited 731 North American men with localised prostate cancer between 1994 and 2002 and randomised them to radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting. At the time of recruitment, testing for prostate specific antigen was the norm, and the case mix reflects that, with its preponderance of low risk cases. More than half the patients had died at the time of analysis. Randomisation to surgery was associated with a non-significant 2.9% absolute reduction at 12 years in the …
Is it worth it?
Authors: S M Benbow
Journal: BMJ (1995)

I visited Harold about three weeks after his discharge. I suppose I was anxious about him, like everyone else. When I arrived the door to his flat was unlocked. After knocking, I let myself in. He was sitting watching television. “Your door was unlocked,” I commented. “Yes, I knew you were coming.” That abolished one anxiety. He described to me some interesting programmes he had seen over the previous few days and, with a smile, turned the volume down so that we could talk. I asked if he was missing the hospital, and he gave another smile, “No.” Did he like his new flat? His answer was to take me on a comprehensive tour, starting with the kitchen.

He opened all the drawers and cupboards. “These are my knives and forks, this is my potato …
Environmental pollutants and breast cancer.
Authors: Julia Green Brody, Ruthann A Rudel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among women 35-54 years of age. Rising incidence, increased risk among migrants to higher risk regions, and poor prediction of individual risk have prompted a search for additional modifiable factors. Risk factors for breast cancer include reproductive characteristics associated with estrogen and other hormones, pharmaceutical hormones, and activities such as alcohol use and lack of exercise that affect hormone levels. As a result, investigation of hormonally active compounds in commercial products and pollution is a priority. Compounds that cause mammary tumors in animals are additional priorities. Animal models provide insight into possible mechanisms for effects of environmental pollutants on breast cancer and identify chemical exposures to target in epidemiologic studies. Although few epidemiologic studies have been conducted for chemical exposures, occupational studies show associations between breast cancer and exposure to certain organic solvents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Population-based studies have been limited to a few organochlorine compounds and PAHs and have been mostly negative. A variety of challenges in studies of breast cancer and the environment may have contributed to negative findings. Lack of exposure assessment tools and few hypothesis-generating toxicologic studies limit the scope of epidemiologic studies. Issues of timing with respect to latency and periods of breast vulnerability, and individual differences in susceptibility pose other challenges. Substantial work is needed in exposure assessment, toxicology, and susceptibility before we can expect a pay-off from large epidemiologic studies of breast cancer and environment.
997-90 Right (RV) and Left Ventricular (LV) Geometry and Myocyte Contractile Processes with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Disparity Between Myocyte Growth and β -Adrenergic Responsiveness
Authors: William S. McMahon, Paul C. Gillette, Fred A. Crawford, Francis G. Spinale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Descriptive Atlas of Surgical Anatomy
Authors: Douglas A. Farmer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<b>Manual of Surgical Anatomy.</b>By Sir John Bruce, Robert Walmsley, and James A. Ross. 562 pp, 249 illus. $14.50. Williams &amp; Wilkins Co., 428 E Preston St, Baltimore 2, 1964 Two well-written and nicely illustrated manuals of surgical anatomy have recently become available. Both should prove valuable, not only to the senior medical student about to observe for the first time various operative exposures and dissections, but also to interns, residents, and practicing surgeons who, prior to a not entirely familiar surgical exercise, wish to renew their acquaintance with the integrated regional anatomy of the part in question. These two volumes, apparently by pure chance, complement one another to an unusual degree. (One is essentially a fifth revision and the other, a first edition.) Where one is a more detailed and illustrated surgical atlas, the other tends to emphasize the clinical aspects of anatomy in general. In the<i>Atlas of</i>
Combined effect of health behaviours and risk of first ever stroke in 20 040 men and women over 11 years' follow-up in Norfolk cohort of European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC Norfolk): prospective population study
Authors: P. K Myint, R. N Luben, N. J Wareham, S. A Bingham, K.-T. Khaw
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To quantify the potential combined impact of four health behaviours on incidence of stroke in men and women living in the general community. <b>Design</b> Population based prospective study (EPIC-Norfolk). <b>Setting</b> Norfolk, United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 20 040 men and women aged 40-79 with no known stroke or myocardial infarction at baseline survey in 1993-7, living in the general community, and followed up to 2007. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Participants scored one point for each health behaviour: current non-smoking, physically not inactive, moderate alcohol intake (1-14 units a week), and plasma concentration of vitamin C ≥50 µmol/l, indicating fruit and vegetable intake of at least five servings a day, for a total score ranging from 0 to 4. <b>Results</b> There were 599 incident strokes over 229 993 person years of follow-up; the average follow-up was 11.5 years. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, cholesterol concentration, history of diabetes and aspirin use, and social class, compared with people with the four health behaviours the relative risks for stroke for men and women were 1.15 (95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.49) for three health behaviours, 1.58 (1.22 to 2.05) for two, 2.18 (1.63 to 2.92) for one, and 2.31 (1.33 to 4.02) for none (P&lt;0.001 for trend). The relations were consistent in subgroups stratified by sex, age, body mass index, and social class, and after exclusion of deaths within two years. <b>Conclusion</b> Four health behaviours combined predict more than a twofold difference in incidence of stroke in men and women.
Plumbism—People and Pets?
Authors: P. L. Madan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Robert Wilbur takes strong exception (231:485,1975) to the finding of Hankin et al that canned pet foods contain considerable amounts of lead and thus present a potential health hazard for human consumption (231:484, 1975). The main bone of contention (no pun intended) appears to stem from the citation by Hankin et al of a panel report to the US Senate Select Committee on Human Needs that alleges that pet foods are consumed by humans. According to Wilbur, "the panel report to the Senate Committee was based on a mistaken repetition of a mistaken previous report—repeated in each case without any attempt to check back with the supposed source of the information." Without any intention of creating a controversy, it seems that Dr. Wilbur's objection is well taken. First, there is a lack of evidence that people are resorting to pet-food diets. Second, extensive records of kennels
Vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory abnormalities in normoglycemic offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Manfredi Tesauro, Stefano Rizza, Micaela Iantorno, Umberto Campia, Carmine Cardillo, Davide Lauro, Roberto Leo, Mario Turriziani, Giulio Cesare Cocciolillo, Angelo Fusco, Julio A. Panza, Angelo Scuteri, Massimo Federici, Renato Lauro, Michael J. Quon
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Medical education in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Authors: W. Roken
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The Marie Curie Hospital-Dickson MEBRIJON 8,150 were treated for malignant disease, chiefly of the uterus or of the breast.Over 4,000 patients with abnormal uterine haemorrhage were treated, -mostly by radium insertion, and a further 1,500 were seen and not treated, either because the disease was already too far advanced, because of the patient's refusal, or because they had to be referred elsewhere for more suitable treatment (see Table ).Of these 8,150 patients treated for malignant disease, continuing contact has been established, either by outpatient examination or through the general practi- tioner, in all but 35, a remarkable achievement.Cases Seen at the Marie Curie Hospital Between
Arterial baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity during elevation of blood pressure in normal man: dominance of aortic baroreflexes.
Authors: J S Sanders, D W Ferguson, A L Mark
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Arterial baroreceptors in the carotid sinus (CBR) and aortic arch (ABR) regions exert important control over heart rate and peripheral vascular responses to changes in arterial pressure. The relative roles of these two baroreflex pathways on control of sympathetic nerve activity during sustained elevation of arterial pressure in man is unknown. We therefore studied the relative contributions of the carotid versus the aortic baroreflexes on the control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during elevation of arterial pressure in normal human subjects. In eight normal men (group I), we measured MSNA (microneurography) during sustained elevation of arterial pressure produced by intravenous infusion of phenylephrine (PE) alone (combined ABR and CBR activation) versus during PE infusion with superimposed application of sustained external neck pressure (NP). NP was applied during sustained PE infusion to eliminate the increase in transmural carotid sinus pressure and thus remove CBR activation, thereby causing ABR stimulation alone. Mean arterial pressure was measured directly, central venous pressure was held constant during PE infusion, and MSNA was measured as total activity (burst frequency X amplitude) and expressed as units. Infusion of PE (ABR and CBR activation) increased mean arterial pressure from 87.2 +/- 2.8 to 94.9 +/- 2.9 mm Hg (+/- SE, p less than .001). This was accompanied by a decrease in heart rate from 65.8 +/- 3.4 to 56.1 +/- 3.3 beats/min (p less than .001) and a decrease in MSNA from 236.2 +/- 47.5 to 84.5 +/- 19.3 units (p less than .001). During infusion of PE with superimposed NP (ABR activation alone), mean arterial pressure increased further to 101.2 +/- 2.9 mm Hg (p less than .001 versus control or PE alone), and heart rate returned to control levels of 62.9 +/- 2.0 beats/min (p = NS vs control; p less than .01 PE vs PE plus NP), but MSNA remained reduced at 48.6 +/- 9.2 units (p less than .01 vs control; p = NS vs PE alone). Thus, combined activation of ABR and CBR resulted in a 65 +/- 5% attenution of MSNA, while activation of ABR alone resulted in a 73 +/- 7% attenuation of MSNA. In a separate series of experiments in seven subjects (group II) we used sustained external neck suction alone to activate the CBR (leaving the ABR either unchanged or minimally deactivated) and studied the MSNA responses to this CBR activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Rosiglitazone and the need for a new drug safety agency
Authors: S. Garattini, V. Bertele'
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The recent news about the suspension of rosiglitazone, a blockbuster antidiabetes drug, is not reassuring.1 Once again a widely prescribed drug shows a degree of toxicity that should not have allowed it to remain on the market for so long. This is not an isolated case, because it follows in a short time similar concerns over cerivastatin, rofecoxib, rimonabant, and sibutramine, not forgetting the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In addition, a further case is now on the table, concerning the relation between the use of bisphosphonates and cancer.2

At least in the case of sibutramine and rosiglitazone, awareness of the risk of adverse events had been shown in the European Medicines Agency’s request for large randomised trials to investigate possible cardiotoxicity. A trial of sibutramine was committed to in 2002 and the trial begun in January 2003, completed in November 2009, and published in September 2010,3 well after the drug had been …
A Phase II Trial of Carboplatin and Gemcitabine with Exisulind (IND #65,056) in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E1501)
Authors: Gregory A. Masters, Sigui Li, Afshin Dowlati, Stefan Madajewicz, Corey Langer, Joan Schiller, David Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Tracing Hematopoietic Precursor Migration to Successive Hematopoietic Organs during Zebrafish Development
Authors: Emi Murayama, Karima Kissa, Agustin Zapata, Elodie Mordelet, Valérie Briolat, Hui-Feng Lin, Robert I. Handin, Philippe Herbomel
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Biologic effects of oil fly ash.
Authors: Andrew J Ghio, Robert Silbajoris, Johnny L Carson, James M Samet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated increased human morbidity and mortality with elevations in the concentration of ambient air particulate matter (PM). Fugitive fly ash from the combustion of oil and residual fuel oil significantly contributes to the ambient air particle burden. Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is remarkable in the capacity to provoke injury in experimental systems. The unique composition of this emission source particle makes it particularly useful as a surrogate for ambient air PM in studies of biologic effects testing the hypothesis that metals mediate the biologic effects of air pollution particles. A majority of the in vitro and animal model investigations support the postulate that transition metals present in ROFA (especially vanadium) participate in Fenton-like chemical reactions to produce reactive oxygen species. This is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation, nuclear factor kappa B and other transcription factor activation, induction of inflammatory mediator expression, and inflammatory lung injury. It is also evident that vanadium accounts for a significant portion of the biologic activity of ROFA. The extrapolation of this body of investigation on ROFA to the field of ambient air PM is difficult, as particles in numerous environments have such small amounts of vanadium.
Parent-Investigators
Authors: David B. Resnik
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Smoking crackdown by UK government
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The British government is to implement a wide range of interlocking measures to reduce tobacco consumption, public health minister Tessa Jowell told an antismoking conference in London this week.

In addition to its commitment to ban tobacco advertising, the government is to consider making it illegal to sell tobacco to young people under 18. Other suggestions are for a health levy on tobacco profits, …
239 Surveillance program for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in japan. Result of specialized department of liver disease
Authors: E. Ando, R. Kuromatsu, M. Tanaka, N. Fukushima, A. Takada, S. Sumie, S. Nagaoka, K. Inoue, J. Akiyoshi, J. Kurogi, N. Tajiri, T. Torimura, T. Ueno, M. Sata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The National Health Service Corps in the 1990s-Reply
Authors: Donald E. Pathman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate Dr Sumaya's letter noting the increased attention the NHSC has given to the needs of its obligated clinicians over the past 5 years. It is our perception that the NHSC is now more concerned than ever before about the experiences of the physicians, nurses, dentists, and others who serve in its ranks, and about how these experiences affect retention. We can add to the impressive list of recent improvements in NHSC operations mentioned by Sumaya, noting that (1) the NHSC now considers the location preferences of its obligated providers when designing sites eligible for clinician placement, and (2) the number of eligible sites per NHSC clinician has been expanded. Documenting the experiences of NHSC clinicians who were placed in the late 1980s helps us better understand the issues challenging prior NHSC clinicians, and serves as a benchmark against which future improvements can be measured. These data
Transgenic Expression of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> ATPase Modifies the Transition From Hypertrophy to Early Heart Failure
Authors: Kenta Ito, Xinhua Yan, Xin Feng, Warren J. Manning, Wolfgang H. Dillmann, Beverly H. Lorell
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

To examine the contribution of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) to early heart failure, we subjected transgenic (TG) mice expressing SERCA2a gene and wild-type (WT) mice to aortic stenosis (AS) for 7 weeks. At an early stage of hypertrophy (4-week AS), in vivo hemodynamic and echocardiographic indices were similar in TG and WT mice. By 7 weeks of AS, which is the stage of early failure in this model, TG mice with AS had lower mortality than WT mice with AS (6.7% versus 29%). The magnitude of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was similar in WT and TG 7-week AS mice. In vivo LV systolic function was higher in TG than in WT 7-week AS mice. In LV myocytes loaded with fluo-3, fractional cell shortening and the amplitude of the [Ca 2+ ] i transients were higher in TG than in WT 7-week AS mice under baseline conditions (0.5 Hz, 1.5 mmol/L [Ca 2+ ] o , 25°C). The rates of relengthening and decay in [Ca 2+ ] i were faster in TG than in WT 7-week AS myocytes. In myocytes from WT 7-week AS compared with sham-operated WT mice, contractile reserve in response to rapid pacing was depressed with impaired augmentation of both peak-systolic [Ca 2+ ] i and the SR Ca 2+ load. In contrast, contractile reserve and the capacity to augment SR Ca 2+ load were maintained in TG 7-week AS mice. SERCA2a protein levels were depressed in WT 7-week AS mice, but were preserved in TG 7-week AS mice. These data suggest that defective SR Ca 2+ loading contributes to the onset of contractile failure in animals with chronic pressure overload.
PET Monitoring of Clear Cell Sarcoma of Tendons and Aponeuroses
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen, Michael C. Roarke, Panol C. Ram
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses is a rare soft tissue sarcoma easily mistaken for metastatic malignant melanoma because of their histochemical and ultrastructural similarities. Like melanoma, the former neoplasm exhibits an aggressive behavior with a high propensity for local recurrences and lymphatic and hematogeneous dissemination. The authors present 2 cases of such an uncommon but highly malignant lesion with great impact of posttherapeutic evaluation by F-18 FDG PET/CT.
Clash of Symbols—The AMA Stone in the Washington Monument: Hippocratectomy or Hippocratoplasty?
Authors: William A. Atlee
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I refer to the cover story of the July 22/29 issue and the resolution presented to the American Medical Association for a stone to be inscribed and placed in the Washington Monument.<sup>1</sup> It is no coincidence that I write now, as I am the great-grandson of the John L. Atlee, MD, who was the delegate from Pennsylvania and put the resolution to the American Medical Asociation's meeting held in Richmond, Va, in 1852, at which time a committee of five was appointed to tend to the inscription of a stone to be placed in the national monument in memory of Washington. That monument was then under construction in Washington City. The commission for the stone was given to a marble mason of Lancaster, Pa, by the name of Louis Haldy. The work was done by a sculptor, I. Augustus Beck of Lancaster, Pa. The great-grandson
Dynamic Radiology of the Abdomen: Normal and Pathologic Anatomy
Authors: Richard Gore
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This is the third edition of Dr Meyers' now classic textbook on regional abdominal anatomy. The unique approach of this work is its emphasis on conceptualizing the abdomen and pelvis as a dynamic, interacting place where pathology in one region may have dramatic local and distal repercussions. These interactions are guided by various mesenteries, ligaments, and peritoneal reflections that enable us to predict their outcome. According to Dr Meyers, the organs of the belly do not lie in isolation but are part of an ensemble, with seams. As in prior editions, the text is divided into 12 chapters dealing with normal anatomic relationships and variants, intraperitoneal spread of infections and malignancies, normal and pathological anatomy of the extraperitoneal spaces, renointestinal and duodenocolic relationships, the intestinal effects of pancreatitis, normal and pathological anatomy of the small bowel and colon, internal abdominal hernias, pathways of extrapelvic spread of disease, and the dynamics
Shiga toxin-2 triggers endothelial leukocyte adhesion and transmigration via NF-κB dependent up-regulation of IL-8 and MCP-11
Authors: Carla Zoja, Stefania Angioletti, Roberta Donadelli, Cristina Zanchi, Susanna Tomasoni, Elena Binda, Barbara Imberti, Maroeska Te Loo, Leo Monnens, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Marina Morigi
Journal: Kidney International (2002)