tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain: the servant of many masters
Authors: Giampietro Schiavo, Linda Greensmith, Majid Hafezparast, Elizabeth M.C. Fisher
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2013)

Cytoplasmic dynein is the main retrograde motor in all eukaryotic cells. This complex comprises different subunits assembled on a cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1) dimer. Cytoplasmic dynein is particularly important for neurons because it carries essential signals and organelles from distal sites to the cell body. In the past decade, several mouse models have helped to dissect the numerous functions of DYNC1H1. Additionally, several DYNC1H1 mutations have recently been found in human patients that give rise to a broad spectrum of developmental and midlife-onset disorders. Here, we discuss the effects of mutations of mouse and human DYNC1H1 and how these studies are giving us new insight into the many critical roles DYNC1H1 plays in the nervous system.
Adoptive Transfer of Ex Vivo HO-1 Modified Bone Marrow–derived Macrophages Prevents Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Bibo Ke, Xiu-Da Shen, Feng Gao, Haofeng Ji, Bo Qiao, Yuan Zhai, Douglas G Farmer, Ronald W Busuttil, Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Macrophages play a critical role in the pathophysiology of liver ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI). However, macrophages that overexpress antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) may exert profound anti-inflammatory functions. This study explores the cytoprotective effects and mechanisms of ex vivo modified HO-1-expressing bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in well-defined mouse model of liver warm ischemia followed by reperfusion. Adoptive transfer of Ad-HO-1-transduced macrophages prevented IR-induced hepatocellular damage, as evidenced by depressed serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT) levels and preserved liver histology (Suzuki scores), compared to Ad-beta-gal controls. This beneficial effect was reversed following concomitant treatment with HO-1 siRNA. Ad-HO-1-transfected macrophages significantly decreased local neutrophil accumulation, TNF-alpha/IL-1beta, IFN-gamma/E-selectin, and IP-10/MCP-1 expression, caspase-3 activity, and the frequency of apoptotic cells, as compared with controls. Unlike in controls, Ad-HO-1-transfected macrophages markedly increased hepatic expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2/Bcl-xl and depressed caspase-3 activity. These results establish the precedent for a novel investigative tool and provide the rationale for a clinically attractive new strategy in which native macrophages can be transfected ex vivo with cytoprotective HO-1 and then infused, if needed, to prospective recipients exposed to hepatic IR-mediated local inflammation, such as during liver transplantation, resection, or trauma.
Final angiographic and clinical results of the latin America small vessel randomized study (LASMAL trial)
Authors: Alfredo E. Rodriguez, Maximo J. Rodriguez Alemparte, Carlos Fernandez Pereira, Alberto Sampaolesi, Ronaldo Loures Bueno, Carlos Rubio, Cesar F. Vigo, Angel Obregon Santos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Humanitarian medicine: up the garden path and down the slippery slope
Authors: Deborah Harding-Pink
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Doctors dealing with asylum seekers need clearer direction on how to manage human rights issues and avoid being drawn into abuses Twelve years ago, I joined an International Committee of the Red Cross mission to visit detainees in South African police stations under apartheid.As I was leaving, a colleague gave me Medicine Betrayed, the BMA's pioneering report on the participation of doctors in human rights abuses. 1 It seemed so relevant to the issues with which I was confronted as a "humanitarian" doctor.My missions with the Red Cross and then with Médecins Sans Frontières took me to countries at war such as Liberia, Tajikistan, Rwanda, Burundi, and Kosovo.These experiences reinforced my conviction that humanitarian medicine was a powerful antidote to the violations I had read about in Medicine Betrayed.I now worry that it can also become an unsuspecting accomplice of these same violations.Doctors are under pressure to help prevent people from seeking asylum in rich countries
Giving identity to the faceless threat of antibiotic resistance
Authors: John McConnell
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2004)

We have known that bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics since soon after the discovery of penicillin. While there was a steady supply of new antibiotics coming onto the market, antibiotic resistance was a problem that could be ignored. Yet the stream of new antibacterials has reduced to a trickle since the 1980s while levels of resistance among many common infectious bacteria have continued to rise. Despite these trends pointing to a future when some bacterial infections may be untreatable, politicians, the general public, and large sections of the medical profession seem unaware of the threat or are unwilling to take the actions necessary to ensure a sustainable future for antibiotics.
Colonoscopy-related esophageal perforation: report of two cases
Authors: C. Chalumeau, O. Facy, F. Radais, T. Hueber, J. Houzé, P. Ortega-Deballon
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

We report two cases of colonoscopy-related esophageal perforation. The first was in a 72-year-old man who underwent diagnostic colonoscopy. The procedure was uneventful. Later, he presented with dyspnea, hypotension, tachycardia, and abdominal pain. A CT scan showed left pneumothorax with pneumomediastinum. A chest drain was placed. The patient improved and no diagnosis was made at that time. He was transferred to our institution 10 days after the colonoscopy with bilateral pleural effusion. He was hemodynamically stable under antibiotic treatment. Radiography using water-soluble oral contrast revealed a low esophageal perforation, which was partially drained through the chest drain ([Fig. 1]).
Fully Implanted Left Ventricular Assist Device May Enter Clinical Trials Early in 1991
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

NEW HEART is the literal meaning of Novacor, and a group at Stanford (Calif) University School of Medicine that has been using this firm's left ventricular assist system in patients for 6 years believes the device is now ready to fully live up to its name. A spokesperson for the Novacor Corporation, Oakland, Calif (part of the Baxter Health Care Corporation), says the initial phase of the planned trial of the implantable device will be under the auspices of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md. Site selection is now under way, and it is hoped the trial will start early in 1991. At the American Association for Thoracic Surgery meeting in Toronto, Canada, Patrick M. McCarthy, MD (who participated in the study as a surgical fellow at Stanford and who is now a cardiac surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio), agreed that clinical trials of the
RUPTURE OF LARGE MULTILOCULAR OVARIAN CYST
Authors: F. McKELVEY BELL
Journal: JAMA (1923)

As a result of early diagnosis, the free clinic and the rapid education in surgical matters of the public generally, the giant ovarian cyst will, in time, let us hope, become obsolete. It is only occasionally now in hospital practice that cases are found. It seems, therefore, worth while to report in detail a case which presents some unusual features in diagnosis as well as in postoperative treatment.  History.  —A. M., a woman, aged 30, was admitted to the City Hospital, Feb. 22, 1923, with a diagnosis of seven months' pregnancy. Two months later, on account of pressure symptoms and the enormous distention of the abdominal walls, the obstetrician considered it advisable to induce labor by rupturing the membranes. She was delivered of a practically full-term living child (breech presentation). It was recognized at this time that she had a very large ovarian cyst. Even after delivery, the abdomen was
Pain, Heat, and Emotion with Functional MRI
Authors: Assia Jaillard, Allan H. Ropper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Pain, in its various manifestations, is our most distressing human experience. A large volume of evidence extending from psychology to neuroimaging emphasizes the powerful influence of both social and physical pain on mammalian well-being and survival.1 Although pain is defined as an unpleasant sensation caused by nociceptive stimuli,2 the concept encompasses social as well as physical pain. Painful emotional feelings are associated with the loss of social connection owing to rejection, exclusion from a group, personal failure, or the death of a loved one. We often describe the experience of social pain by using terms for physical pain,1 making reference . . .
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Labeled with Technetium-99m HMPAO
Authors: J D BENNETT, R A DUBEAU, A A DRIEDGER, W F CLARK, G J MORRISSEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A case of multifocal avascular necrosis of the bone complicating systemic lupus erythematosis is presented in which the extent of involvement was incidentally identified by Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte imaging. Leukocytes labeled with Tc-99m HMPAO may be an excellent bone marrow imaging agent.
Programming the Care of the Chronically Ill
Authors: Claude R. Nichols, Morton D. Bogdonoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

TODAY, the most common clinical problems facing the physician are those of the chronically ill patient. The complexity and the chronicity of these problems create a special challenge for the medical profession. The programs of management that must be evolved for them demand frames of reference that are specific for chronic illness and are different from those applied to problems involving acute illness. We propose to discuss a program of care that we are at present employing for the management of patients with chronic illness. The basis for the program and its details has developed out of our clinical experience . . .
Implicit knowledge in engineering judgment and scientific reasoning
Authors: Michael E. Gorman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Dienes &amp; Perner's theoretical framework should be applicable to two related areas: technological innovation and the psychology of scientific reasoning. For the former, this commentary focuses on the example of nuclear weapon design, and on the decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger. For the latter, this commentary focuses on Klayman and Ha's positive test heuristic and the invention of the telephone.
John Francis Goodall
Authors: M. Sweet-Escott
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Skipton, North Yorkshire (b 1911; q Leeds 1935; MD), d 5 February 2003.

John Goodall became a partner in a general practice in the mid-1930s. He helped transform it from scattered doctors' houses into a united surgery with reception, central office, dispensary, and suites of consulting rooms, thus creating one of the first group practices in the country. For many years it was a Mecca for modernising general practitioners all over the country. John was a medical officer in India during the second world war. On his return he and a partner were consulted by the Ministry of Health over the planning of the NHS. He was a founder member of the Skipton Music Society, wrote a history of the practice, and lectured on nursery rhymes. Predeceased by his wife, Joyce, he leaves four children.
HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION FOR PREVENTION OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE (HYSS-HF STUDY): A DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Victor S. Issa, Silvia Ayub-Ferreira, Fenando Bacal, Guilherme Veiga, Lucia Andrade, Ana Carolina Bragança, Paulo Roberto Chizzola, Germano Emilio Souza, Edimar Bocchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Remarks on Ovariotomy
Authors: J. N. von Nussbaum
Journal: BMJ (1878)

RARELY caa an operation have such a 1843, Dieffenbach, the boldest of all surgeons tomy was murder, and that every one who into the dock.Now we save lives with omission of ovariotomy in a proper case would, upon as culpable negligence. But the operation of ovariotomyhas alsoNo operation requires so much experience tion is the most important qualification of operator-the meeting unexpected difficulties-brought never knows what may be encountered ; if there what the pedicle may be, its length, and.operation is the terrible fact so true, that r, operator in his fsttweny cases will have suck ,good results as in his third twenty This terrifying proposition is true as a matter that the public is ignorant of it; for no operator twenty.first case, and must, therefore, get his "reign This can certainly not be said of other operations.vinced that many a young surgeonhas done well and with as good a result as his fortieth Speaking truthfully, this could not be said of ovariotomy; must sisted upon, that every beginner has previously thirty operations.When I look back twelve or fifteen years, were the preparations in my clinic for an ovariotomy, performed as compared with the precautions wonder that the mortality has been so much had obtained all the infermation I possibly could I knew of, I at last began to operate.Mly most unfavourable cases-all died.This ceased to operate, and I spent two of my Wells in London and learning there.Then better results; but still lost half my patients.ther improved my results, and death from septicoemia, by far the most frequent cause, was much ; adoption of Lister's antiseptic, there has septicoemia, and the proportion of recoveries degree satisfactory.Thus, the antiseptic method, and next cooling of the blood, which is so serious posed, lead to results which were previously ; must not, therefore, avoid the trouble of care yields a rich return.Formerly, table, the tumour removed, the peritoneum sible, and the wound closed.Now, bath, abdomen is shaved, cleansed with ether, with a five per cent.solution of carbolic surface,
59. Targeted Gene Therapy of Malignant Glioma with Adult Stem Cells
Authors: Hrvoje Miletic, Yvonne Fischer, Tsanan Giroglou, Sara Litwak, Sandra Winkeler, Uwe Himmelreich, Werner Stenzel, Martina Deckert, Andreas H. Jacobs, Harald Neumann, Dorothee von Laer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Malignant gliomas still have a dismal prognosis despite advances in neurosurgical resection and adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy. One major reason is their infiltrative growth pattern with single tumor cells migrating distantly from the solid tumor mass and infiltrating normal brain tissue. These cells are responsible for recurrent tumors near the resection cavity or even far away from it and should therefore be the main target cell population for new therapeutic interventions. One very promising therapeutic approach is the intratumoral delivery of stem cells that express therapeutic genes. Neural and mesenchymal stem cells are promising candidates for therapy of malignant glioma as they have the ability to migrate into these tumors and even track infiltrating tumor cells. However, their clinical use is limited by a low passaging capacity that impedes large scale production of genetically modified cells. In the present study we tested bone marrow derived multipotent adult progenitor cells – termed here bone marrow derived tumor infiltrating cells (BM-TIC) - that can be passaged over 100 population doublings for gene therapy of rat 9L glioma. Upon injection into the tumor/ vicinity of the tumor, BM-TIC infiltrated 9L tumors in solid as well as border areas, similar to the neural stem cell line C17.2. BM-TIC, genetically modified to express the thymidine kinase of the Herpes simplex virus (BM-TIC-tk-GFP), mediated a significant therapeutic effect with 67% of longterm survivors. In addition, we created a stable packaging cell line for retroviral vectors pseudotyped with glycoproteins of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) based on these tumorinfiltrating cells (BMTIPC). Upon injection into 9L glioma, BMTIPC disseminated intratumorally and mediated specific transduction of glioma cells in different tumor areas. In conclusion, BM-TIC-based packaging cells may be a useful tool to enhance the distribution of vector particles as well as the specificity and efficacy of gene transfer to gliomas in patients.
Patients’ with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) preferences and demand for treatment: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Nicolas Krucien, Amiram Gafni, Bernard Fleury, Nathalie Pelletier-Fleury
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Despite its high level of effectiveness, initial acceptance of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and regular use in patients with obstructive sleep apneoa syndrome (OSAS) are still an issue. Alternatively, oral appliances (OAs) can be recommended. To improve patient engagement in their treatment, physicians are advised to take into account patient preferences and to share the therapeutic decision. We aimed to determine patients' preferences for OSAS treatment-related attributes, and to predict patients' demand for both CPAP and OAs. <h3>Methods</h3> A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was performed in 121 newly diagnosed patients consecutively recruited in a sleep unit. <h3>Results</h3> Regression parameters were the highest for impact on daily life and effectiveness ahead of side effects. In the French context, the demanding probabilities for CPAP and OAs were 60.2% and 36.2%, respectively. They were sensitive to the variation in the amount of out-of-pocket expenses for both CPAP and OAs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This first DCE in OSAS emphasises the importance to communicate with patients before the implementation of treatment.
Allergy services in England and Wales need better leadership to develop
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Department of Health should designate a strategic health authority as a single lead to act as a national resource and drive improvements in care of people with allergies in England and Wales, a report has recommended.

Too many doctors who treat patients with allergies are still working in isolation and lack clear leadership and incentives, such as inclusion in the Quality and Outcomes Framework, which rewards GPs for the care they provide, says the report from the Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Pathologists.

The report says that “leadership is essential for allergy services to develop and begin to attain …
RT-21 * Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 COMPLEX INHIBITOR MIRIN ENHANCES RADIOSENSITIVITY IN HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS
Authors: K. Mishima, M. Mishima-Kaneko, H. Saya, N. Ishimaru, K. Yamada, J. Fukada, R. Nishikawa, T. Kawata
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

PURPOSE: Radiation therapy plays a central part in the treatment of glioblastoma, however, it is not curative due to the high tumor radioresistance. Therefore, increasing the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to radiation is a promising approach to improve survival in patients with glioblastoma. The Mre11, Rad 50 and Nbs1 proteins form a complex (MRN) that has a critical role in DNA damage detection and signaling. Because defects in MRN enhance radiosensitivity, it has been proposed that small molecule inhibitors targeted to these proteins might be used as radiosensitizers. Here, we investigated the effects of the MRN complex inhibitor, Mirin, on radiation response of human glioma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Glioma cell lines (U251, LN229 and LN428) were irradiated with and without Mirin and then clonogenicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle change were examined. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the relative potency of Mirin to inhibit the radioresistance, through the signaling activity of AKT. We also examined the levels of H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX), which is a marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) using Western blot. RESULTS: Glioblastoma cells pretreated with Mirin demonstrated an enhanced sensitivity to radiation. FACS analysis revealed that Mirin and radiation caused the glioma cells to accumulate in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle and the combination of these two treatments further increased the G2/M fraction of the glioma cells. Mirin significantly enhanced radiation-induced apoptotic cell death. Also, Mirin blocked the basal and increase of radiation-induced AKT phosphorylation. We observed that the combination of Mirin and radiation increased persistence of γH2AX at 24 h suggesting the inhibition of DNA DSBs repair. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that Mirin can effectively enhance glioma cell radiosensitivity. It suggests that Mirin is a potent radiosensitizer for treating glioma cells.
Postponing or Preventing Death? Trends in Infant Survival
Authors: Bruno Dujardin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent article, "Postponing or Preventing Death," Buehler et al<sup>1</sup>examined trends in infant survival by birth-weight groups and studied the perinatal-related postneonatal deaths. They concluded that "advances in perinatal care have led to postponement rather than prevention of a few infant deaths, although overall many more deaths were prevented." In a correspondence about this article, Sepkowitz<sup>2</sup>discusses the idea that recent declines in neonatal mortality in the United States could be largely attributed to a greater utilization of neonatal intensive care units among low-birth-weight infants. To explain his statement, Sepkowitz invokes different biases such as selection biases as possible factors leading to a distortion of neonatal mortality rates reported from neonatal intensive care units. However, we think that other biases could also explain an underestimation of the number of perinatal-related postneonatal deaths in Buehler's study. The problem concerns the cause of death ascertainment.
Myopericarditis associated with farmer's lung.
Authors: E O Terho, R Valta, H Tukiainen, E Lansimies
Journal: BMJ (1980)

CommentNormal blood pressure has been restored by transluminal angioplasty.Renal function was impaired after the angioplasty and was due to either extensive manipulation of the catheter or injection of radio contrast medium.5 Renal function subsequently returned close to pre-procedure levels.The reduced blood pressure coincided with, and may have been due to, a reduction in total exchangeable sodium, although external sodium balance was not measured.In patients with transplants who develop renal artery stenosis, it may be worth using this technique rather than surgery, which has a high failure rate and associated morbidity.
Carbonated drink consumption and increased exhaled nitric oxide in atopic children
Authors: S. W. Turner, L. C. A. Craig, P. J. Harbour, S. H. Forbes, S. Martindale, G. McNeill, A. Seaton, J. G. Ayres, G. Devereux, P. J. Helms
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

To the Editors: 

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentrations ( F eNO) are elevated in asthmatic children and have been used inter alia to guide inhaled corticosteroid treatment in children 1. Caffeine consumption might influence F eNO independently of asthma and more than one plausible mechanism has been identified. Studies in adults have reported changes in F eNO within 1 h of caffeine ingestion but the results are inconsistent, with one study having reported reduced F eNO 2, one elevated F eNO 3 and another no change after ingestion 4.

An association between caffeine intake and altered F eNO is equally plausible in children but has not been sought. The predominant source of caffeine in children’s diet is carbonated drinks, in particular colas, and in Scotland “Irn Bru” (a carbonated orange-coloured drink). …