tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Survival After Single-Ventricle Palliation
Authors: Yves d'Udekem, Mary Y. Xu, John C. Galati, Siming Lu, Ajay J. Iyengar, Igor E. Konstantinov, Gavin R. Wheaton, James M. Ramsay, Leeanne E. Grigg, Johnny Millar, Michael M. Cheung, Christian P. Brizard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
PDZ Proteins Bind, Cluster, and Synaptically Colocalize with Eph Receptors and Their Ephrin Ligands
Authors: Richard Torres, Bonnie L Firestein, Hualing Dong, Jeff Staudinger, Eric N Olson, Richard L Huganir, David S Bredt, Nicholas W Gale, George D Yancopoulos
Journal: Neuron (1998)

Localizing cell surface receptors to specific subcellular positions can be critical for their proper functioning, as most notably demonstrated at neuronal synapses. PDZ proteins apparently play critical roles in such protein localizations. Receptor tyrosine kinases have not been previously shown to interact with PDZ proteins in vertebrates. We report that Eph receptors and their membrane-linked ligands all contain PDZ recognition motifs and can bind and be clustered by PDZ proteins. In addition, we find that Eph receptors and ligands colocalize with PDZ proteins at synapses. Thus, PDZ proteins may play critical roles in localizing vertebrate receptor tyrosine kinases and/or their ligands and may be particularly important for Eph function in guidance or patterning or at the synapse.
THE IMMEDIATE OPERATION FOR PERINEAL LACERATIONS
Authors: HENRY A. BERNSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The literature embracing the study of the repair of the lacerated perineum is so extensive that an apology appears necessary for the introduction of a new discussion on such a time-worn subject; and yet, in spite of the attempts at operation immediately following the conclusion of labor, the great number of women who suffer from unrepaired tears bear evidence to the fact that the last word has not been said on the immediate repair of the perineum. Investigation into this condition, in a service comprising a large number of obstetric cases, convinced me that fully 75 per cent, of those who have undergone the immediate suturing at the vaginal orifice are in need of a secondary operation. In view of the fact that much more than 50 per cent. of all primiparas are lacerated at the time of their confinement, it is safe to say that something is wrong with
Calling "time" on the GMC's investigations into complaints against doctors
Authors: C. C. Lees
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hot on the heels of the General Medical Council suspending a GP after she married her deceased patient’s husband,1 2 we hear that another GP, Dr Yaacoub, was suspended for three years and struck off for an uncorroborated allegation of sexual misconduct.3 The High Court then …
Monoclonal Antibodies to Immunogenic Lymphoma Cell Variants Displaying Impaired Neoplastic Properties: Characterization and Applications
Authors: J. Hochman, S. S. Park, P. Lazarovici, M. Bergel, M. M. Gottesman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Immunogenic, nontumorigenic cell variants derived from the highly tumorigenic mouse lymphoma cell line S-49 were used to raise monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in syngeneic BALB/c mice. MAbs of the following specifications were derived: ( a ) MAbs that interacted perferentially with the immunogenic variants, ( b ) MAbs that interacted with both immunogenic variants and parental tumorigenic cells, and ( c ) a MAb that interacted with both immunogenic and tumorigenic S-49 cells and the normal BALB/c splenocytes. Six MAbs raised in this way were found to recognize at least five different cell-surface epitopes. Functional analysis of the different MAbs suggested their potential usefulness in passive immunization against parental tumorigenic cells as well as in enrichment of immunogenic cells from a mixed population containing a preponderance of tumorigenic cells. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:1821–1826, 1990]
A Lecture ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE CANCER: Delivered at the Cancer Hospital, Brompton
Authors: C. Rowntree
Journal: BMJ (1913)

TIIE treatment of ilnoperable cancer is too vast a subject to permit nle even to touclh upon miiany aspects of the question.For exalmlple, I have no time to refer to any of those innumerable mnetlhdds suggested for.the cure of cancer that we have submitted to us at this hospital nearly every day.Those of you wh1o are interested in the "cancer eitlihusiast".willfind on this table, in the shape of pamiphlets, books, letters, etc., unmistaliable evidence of the energy and abandcon witlh which tlhe search for a cure jrosecuted.In each ofthem elainied the relief orl cure of cancer, wlatever its nature or position wvlether operable or inoperable.Wlhat is inoperable cancer?What does the word "inoperable" signify?It is generally applied to those cases in' wxhich the growth Is so large or go fixed, or in which metastases are so widespread that no-o&'eration that is compatible with life offers any promise at all of eradicatiErg diseare.It follow's that the application of the terms"operable " or "inoperable " must be largely dependentupon the perisonal equation-oflthe surgeon-and he isoften wrong; indeed, rouglhly speaking, lie is wrong in about 50 per cent. of his cases.For that.taking all types of cancer, is about the proportion in which recurrence takes place after a radical operationhas been performed.Conversely, a case condemned as inoperable by onesurgeon may be operated upon witli complete success by anotlher who is more enterprisingor more lucky.However,-tam iiotnow econcerned with cases about tlle operability of-which there can be any difference of opinion.Only too ofter-one-meetswvith cases -where there can be no question of the possibility of carrying out -ny operation of a radical nature.We lhave at our disposal twometlhods of treating cancer when it'liag reached-thbis stage: first, by the application of one or seveal of those experimental cures for can6er to which I liaVe already alluded.But we slhould be neglect- ing our patkietsdlid we not -at tlle same .timeudertake one or other of'tlsc well-recognized palliative methods of treatment which are directed to the relief of sypiptoms ratlher tllait t tlhe actual cui e of the disease.These mnetlhods are, of couLir,sevry numerous, anidinlclude sucl procedures asthle adm'inistration of drugs or the destruc- tion of nerves to control pain, the use of belladonna to diminishi iucoSs discharge; the application of x rays, radium, or diatthermy to ontrol ulceration, and so on.But what I want specially to drawyoou atteation to to-day is tlhe oo'rative treatment of inoperable cancer, which perhaps sounds paradoxical.But there is no
Computerogenic Heart Disease
Authors: William Dressler
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  An increasing trend in medicine transfers the diagnostic task largely to paramedical personnel and to automatically working machines. In computer diagnosis of electrocardiograms, the computer diagnoses patterns and is not concerned with individual conditions which may bring about normal variations of the ECG. If the computer diagnosis is handed to an apprehensive patient, as does happen, without review by a physician, the result may be disastrous.  At the annual convention of the American College of Cardiology in New York, the physicians were offered, as a public service, a six-lead ECG with computer diagnosis which was handed to the patient. A physician visiting from Argentina availed himself of this service. The computer diagnosis read: Prolonged P-R interval. First degree A-V block. S1, 2, 3 syndrome. May be normal, but consider emphysema, RVH, myocardial infarction. In this case, the computer diagnosis did not save time and effort of physicians.
Epidermal Growth Factor for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Richard J. Farrell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The treatment of active ulcerative colitis largely relies on the nonspecific antiinflammatory effects of aminosalicylates (mesalamine and sulfasalazine) and the broad immunosuppressive actions of corticosteroids and other potent immunomodulators.1 Data from animal models and patients with ulcerative colitis have highlighted the importance of the enteric microflora in the pathogenesis of the disease, yet in clinical trials, antibiotics and probiotics have had only limited efficacy against active disease. In ulcerative colitis, in contrast to Crohn's disease, there are few clinical data on the value of infliximab and other biologic agents.The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis remains unknown, but the disease may . . .
718. Development of AAV and Adenovirus Cocktail Vector System for Efficient Cancer Gene Therapy by Human TERTC27 Polypeptide
Authors: Yi Gao, Samuel S. Ng, Chen Yang, David Chau, JunJian Huang, Cui-fen Huang, Hsiang-fu Kung, Marie C. Lin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Solid tumors including glioblastoma have several characteristics that make them suitable targets for gene therapy. They are localized and thus accessible by direct intratumoral injection. In addition, metastases of these tumors are of late-stage occurrence. Therefore, early loco-regional control of the disease is paramount. Cancer gene therapies that utilize either adeno-associated virus (AAV) or adenovirus (Adv) gene delivery strategy have been developed. However, due to the low in vivo transduction efficiency of AAV and the undesirably strong immunogenecity of Adv, their utilization in clinical settings has been greatly limited.
Amyloidosis in FDG-Avid Lymph Nodes
Authors: Eman Abdou, Ramila Amre, Marc Hickeson, Vilma Derbekyan, Michael Sebag
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Amyloidosis in lymph node that is FDG-avid is an unusual diagnosis. FDG PET/CT showed the presence of multifocal lymphadenopathy mainly axillary with a mesenteric mass. Surgical lymph node biopsy with histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of amyloidosis in a 64-year-old woman with an initial left axillary pain. Amyloidosis should be considered on the differential diagnosis for a FDG-avid lymphadenopathy. Other differential diagnosis usually includes malignancy such as lymphoma or metastatic disease, infection, or sterile inflammation.
Doctors warn that NHS could "reach breaking point within the next few years"
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The NHS could reach “breaking point within the next few years” because of a mixture of factors undermining the ability of doctors to give patients consistently high quality care, the Federation of the Royal Colleges of Physicians has warned.

Findings from the federation’s latest census of consultant physicians and medical registrars in the United Kingdom highlight the strain the NHS is already under in specialties caring for very sick patients. 

The federation warns that an explosive combination of a rise in numbers of patients, a fall in training posts for would-be consultants, and the need to adhere to the European Working Time Directive has the potential to …
THE CLASSIFICATION OF HEART PAIN
Authors: PAUL D. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Heart pain may be a very important symptom or it may be negligible. Its general interpretation is so obscure and vague that we have made an attempt to work out a provisional classification of practical value in the clinic, where in the past there has tended to be confusion, such as the partial and unsatisfactory separation of pseudo-angina pectoris from true angina pectoris. We have found that apparently more important in the analysis of the pain than its position and character is the underlying cause. Therefore our classification is mainly etiologic.  HISTORICAL  Very little was written by early medical authorities on the subject of heart pain. Hippocrates mentioned breast pain but without connecting it with the heart. Coelius Aurelianus took scant notice of pain in the breast, and Erasistratus wrote of a kind of paralysis by which walkers are suddenly seized, forcing them to halt for a moment; but whether
Bronchial responsiveness to bakery‐derived allergens is strongly dependent on specific skin sensitivity
Authors: S. Quirce, M. Fernández‐Nieto, C. Escudero, J. Cuesta, M. De Las Heras, J. Sastre
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Quantitative relationships between immunological reactivity, non‐specific bronchial responsiveness and bronchial responsiveness to allergens have scarcely been investigated in occupational asthma. Methods: We assessed the above relationships in 24 subjects with baker's asthma. The skin endpoint titration to bakery allergens as a measure of immunological reactivity, together with the methacholine PC 20 and allergen PC 20 during early asthmatic reaction were determined. Results: All patients had positive skin tests to some bakery allergens (wheat and rye flour, soybean flour, fungal enzymes and egg white proteins) and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Specific inhalation challenge (SIC) tests were performed with aqueous allergen extracts of cereal flour ( n = 14), soybean ( n = 8), baking enzymes ( n = 12), and egg white proteins ( n = 8) in sensitized workers. A positive asthmatic reaction was observed in 84% of the inhalation challenges. SIC elicited isolated early asthmatic reactions in 62%, dual reactions in 32% and isolated late reactions in 5%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed allergen PC 20 as a function of skin sensitivity to allergen and methacholine PC 20 , yielding the following highly significant regression formula: log‐allergen PC 20 = 0.18 + 0.99 log(skin sensitivity) + 0.343 log(methacholine PC 20 ) ( r = 0.89, P &lt; 0.001). This formula predicted allergen PC 20 to within one double concentration in 67%, to within two double concentrations in 85% and within three double concentrations in 97%. Conclusion: The main determinant of bronchial responsiveness to allergen in patients with baker's asthma is the degree of sensitization to occupational allergens as determined by skin reactivity, modulated to a lesser extent by non‐specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Leptin-Mediated Increases in Catecholamine Signaling Reduce Adipose Tissue Inflammation via Activation of Macrophage HDAC4
Authors: Bing Luan, Mark O. Goodarzi, Naomi G. Phillips, Xiuqing Guo, Yii-Der I. Chen, Jie Yao, Matthew Allison, Jerome I. Rotter, Reuben Shaw, Marc Montminy
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Immunologic Changes During Hyposensitization Therapy
Authors: Jacob J. Pruzansky
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Studies indicate that a triple investigational approach in which antibody production, cell reactivity, and clinical measurements are used for assessment of immunization procedures in allergic disease is valid and useful. Such an approach should lead to definitive evaluation of various types of therapy and to clarification of the mechanisms by which they modify hypersensitive reactions.
1036-156 Can resting myocardial contrast echocardiography replace 99m technetium sestamibi SPECT for the diagnosis of myocardial viability following myocardial infarction
Authors: Michael Hickman, Rajesh Janardhanan, Girish Dwivedi, Avijit Lahiri, Roxy Senior
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Interactions between Intraluminal Bile Acids and Digestive Products on Pancreatic and Gallbladder Function
Authors: Juan R. Malagelada, Vay L. W. Go, Eugene P. DiMagno, W. H. J. Summerskill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Interactions between bile acids (taurocholate, TC; taurochenodeoxycholate, TCDC; or taurodeoxycholate, TDC) and digestive products (essential amino acids, EAA or monoolein, MO) in the lumen of the proximal small bowel, affecting pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction, were studied in 77 healthy volunteers by a perfusion method. Perfusion of EAA or MO caused significant increases in pancreatic enzyme output together with gallbladder contraction; MO was more potent and induced enzyme outputs comparable to the maximal response attained with intravenous cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ). Perfusion of TC alone had no effect, but addition of 10 mM of either TC, TCDC, or TDC to perfusates containing EAA, or 10 mM TC to MO, or both significantly reduced pancreatic enzyme output and prevented gallbladder contraction. A lower concentration of TC (5 mM) added to EAA also produced a significant inhibitory effect. Inhibition of the stimulatory action of digestive products occurred in the jejunum as well as in the duodenum. The inhibitory action of bile acid was considered to be intraluminal since (a) bile acid did not modify the effects of CCK-PZ given intravenously; and (b) the stimulatory effect of digestive products perfused in the duodenum on pancreatic and gallbladder function was not influenced by simultaneous perfusion of bile acid in the jejunum. It is proposed that this inhibitory effect of bile acid is mediated through inhibition of CCK-PZ secretion by high intraluminal concentrations of bile acid. Inhibition of CCK-PZ secretion by bile acid may contribute to the regulation of pancreatic and gallbladder function during digestion by reducing pancreatic enzyme secretion and permitting the gallbladder to refill after evacuation of its contents.
Urea Distribution in the Body after Haemodialysis
Authors: R. Shackman, G. D. Chisholm, A. J. Holden, R. W. Pigott
Journal: BMJ (1962)

protein.If we pursue this suggestion, the process of virus adaptation to a host which involves an increase of virus virulence and a decrease in its ability to excite the production of interferon might in some way involve some subtle change in the viral nucleic acid by means of which it came to Eeem less foreign to its new host.This may be the way in which a virus acquires a key to the door of the cell's nucleic-acid-synthesizing chamber.It is our job to learn the combination and to find how to prevent it from being forced.
Confidentiality, contraception, and young people
Authors: V Gillick
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - The recent guidelines to doctors1 referred to by Gabriel Scally2 perpetuate the myth that most underage girls obtain contraceptives from family planning clinics.

Nine years ago a survey of general practitioners revealed that doctors were providing contraceptives to between 2-12 girls a year.3 On a national level this meant that, at the very least, 60 000 schoolgirls (one in six) were being prescribed the pill by their general practitioners, at a time when only 18 000 were attending family planning clinics.

My experience as a parent of …
Vitamin C deficiency and risk of myocardial infarction: prospective population study of men from eastern Finland
Authors: K. Nyyssonen, M. T Parviainen, R. Salonen, J. Tuomilehto, J. T Salonen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the association between plasma vitamin C concentrations and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. <b>Design:</b> Prospective population study. <b>Setting:</b> Eastern Finland. <b>Subjects:</b> 1605 randomly selected men aged 42, 48, 54, or 60 who did not have either symptomatic coronary heart disease or ischaemia on exercise testing at entry to the Kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study in between 1984 and 1989. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Number of acute myocardial infarctions; fasting plasma vitamin C concentrations at baseline. <b>Results:</b> 70 of the men had a fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction between March 1984 and December 1992. 91 men had vitamin C deficiency (plasma ascorbate &lt;11.4 µmol/l, or 2.0 mg/l), of whom 12 (13.2%) had a myocardial infarction; 1514 men were not deficient in vitamin C, of whom 58 (3.8%) had a myocardial infarction. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, year of examination, and season of the year examined (August to October<i>v</i> rest of the year) men who had vitamin C deficiency had a relative risk of acute myocardial infarction of 3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 6.7, P = 0.0002) compared with those who were not deficient. In another model adjusted additionally for the strongest risk factors for myocardial infarction and for dietary intakes of tea, fibre, carotene, and saturated fats men with a plasma ascorbate concentration &lt;11.4 µmol/l had a relative risk of 2.5 (1.3 to 5.2, P = 0.0095) compared with men with higher plasma vitamin C concentrations. <b>Conclusion:</b> Vitamin C deficiency, as assessed by low plasma ascorbate concentration, is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. <h3>Key messages</h3> This study shows that vitamin C deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction The findings also provide additional support for the role of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in coronary heart disease Although deficiency in vitamin C may increase coronary risk, this study does not provide evidence in favour of the benefit of vitamin C supplements
Hypertension. Management in a prepaid health care project
Authors: J. P. LoGerfo
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Previous studies have shown that care for hypertension in clinical practice is not optimal. This study consists of a review of medical records of 101 hypertensive patients enrolled in a community prepaid health care project, in which all direct costs to patients are eliminated and in which patients are known to have geographical access to care. The results show that even under such conditions, there are deficiencies in what is done in the diagnosis and management of hypertension (process of care). Furthermore, recorded blood pressures in the medical records indicate that 34% of identified patients had diastolic pressures greater than 95 mm Hg at the time of last visit for hypertension.
The Right Road for Medicine
Authors: John J. Ring
Journal: JAMA (1991)

As far back as I can remember, I always wanted to be a doctor. I love being a doctor. I love this profession. I love my work with the American Medical Association. Because of the path we have charted for ourselves in the past few difficult years, the American Medical Association is now a new association, built on the prodigious strengths of our previous history, ready to remedy what deficiencies there may have been, ready to meet the challenges we have before us now. I believe the course the new AMA has chosen is the right road for medicine: the course of professionalism, of patient advocacy, and of personal sacrifice. It is the way of helping all doctors be better doctors—not necessarily richer, not necessarily more powerful, not necessarily more authoritative—but better doctors. As a result, what you see now is a more open AMA, a less confrontational AMA, an