tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the validity and utility of a sleep-symptom questionnaire.
Authors: K Kump, C Whalen, P V Tishler, I Browner, V Ferrette, K P Strohl, C Rosenberg, S Redline
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Although questionnaires have been developed to assess symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), their overall reliability and utility have not been established. We have evaluated the ability of a questionnaire to identify increased apnea activity (IAA) in 465 participants in an epidemiologic study of OSA. Subjects and their roommates each completed a questionnaire and underwent in-home sleep studies. Responses to 56 questions about sleep habits, sleepiness, and daytime performance were analyzed with factor analysis, logistic regression, and receiver-operator curves (ROCs). Factor analysis demonstrated that 16 questions, grouped into five factors (functional impact of sleepiness, self-reported breathing disturbances, roommate-observed breathing disturbances, driving impairment, and insomnia) explained 67% of the variance in the questionnaire data. Symptom questions demonstrated internal consistency (Cronbach correlations: 0.91 to 0.98). Moderate levels of agreement were observed between self- and roommate-reported responses for nine of ten questions asked of both the subject and his/her partner (kappa statistics: 0.34 to 0.57). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that IAA could be best predicted by three questions about intensity of snoring, roommate-observed choking, and having fallen asleep while driving (ROC area: 0.78). Use of symptoms with data on gender and body mass index (BMI) improved predictive ability by 10% (ROC area: 0.87). Thus, questionnaire data provide a valid means of characterizing symptom distributions in population surveys of OSA. Predictive ability is not significantly improved with multiple questions or a separate roommate questionnaire, but is improved with consideration of data on BMI and gender.
Summative assessment in general practice
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1996)

This month sees the introduction of a new system of summative assessment of training for general practitioners in Britain. Under the old system registrars in general practice collected the signatures of hospital consultants and general practitioner trainers certifying that they had satisfactorily completed a minimum of three years of experience in approved training posts.1 3 Now, doctors who want to be eligible to become principals in general practice must satisfy the Joint Committee on Postgraduate Training for General Practice (JCPTGP) that they have adequate knowledge, consulting skills, and clinical competence for the role.

Such knowledge and competence will be assessed by multiple choice questions and a videotaped assessment of consulting skills, together with a written report of practical work in general practice and a structured report of performance in practice from the registrar's trainer.2 The assessments are being organised at regional level, with the joint committee confining its role to inspection and standardisation.3

Concern that the old system of assessment in Britain may have allowed registrars of poor quality to slip through the net drove the introduction of the new scheme. Reports of individual patient tragedies at the hands of doctors who had only recently received their certificate from the Joint Committee on Postgraduate Training for General Practice,4 5 the low rate of refusal of certification (only 16 of 6200 registrars …
FDA again reviews antidepressants
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The US Food and Drug Administration is considering tougher warnings about antidepressant drugs in children. The drugs have been linked to almost double the risk of suicide.

The FDA will hold public meetings on the subject in mid-September. Labelling changes and other regulatory actions are possible. The data are not “black and white,” said Dr Thomas Laughren, team leader of psychiatric drug products at the FDA.

In addition, a front page New York Times article headlined “Boy's Murder Case Entangled in Fight Over Antidepressants” noted the FDA's examination of antidepressants in children and adolescents and said the drugs were the subject of a national debate. The article said the drugs might cause …
Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Stimulates Angiogenesis and Accelerates Hemodynamic Recovery in a Mouse Model of Hindlimb Ischemia
Authors: Anna F. Milia, Maria B. Salis, Tiziana Stacca, Alessandra Pinna, Paolo Madeddu, Marcello Trevisani, Pierangelo Geppetti, Costanza Emanueli
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Proteinase-activated receptors (PAR-2) are expressed by the cardiovascular system and mediate vasodilation, plasma protein extravasation, and endothelial cell proliferation, all regarded as essential steps for neovascularization. We investigated the angiogenic action of PAR-2 signaling in vivo. The effect of the PAR-2 activating peptide (PAR-2AP, SLIGRL-NH 2 ) was assessed in the absence of ischemia, and the therapeutic potential of PAR-2AP and the PAR-2 agonist trypsin (at 300 and 1.5 nmol IM daily for 21 days, respectively) was also tested in mice subjected to unilateral limb ischemia. PAR-2AP increased capillarity in normoperfused adductor skeletal muscles, whereas neither the vehicle of the PAR2-AP nor the PAR-2 reverse peptide (PAR-2RP, LRGILS-NH 2 ) did produce any effect. In addition, both PAR-2AP and trypsin enhanced reparative angiogenic response to limb ischemia, an effect that was not produced by PAR-2RP or the vehicle of PAR-2 agonists. Potentiation of reparative angiogenesis by PAR-2AP or trypsin resulted in an accelerated hemodynamic recovery and enhanced limb salvage. In conclusions, our study is the first to demonstrate the angiogenic potential of PAR-2 stimulation in vivo. If similar effects occur in humans, PAR-2AP agonists could have some therapeutic potential for the treatment of tissue ischemia.
Regulator's role in decision by ombudsman not to look into baby's death is to be investigated
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Care Quality Commission has commissioned an independent review to investigate a claim that its former chief executive, Cynthia Bower, tried to discourage the health service ombudsman from investigating the death of a newborn baby at a hospital run by University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust.

The CQC has asked the consultancy firm Grant Thornton—which is already carrying out a review of its regulatory activities in relation to Morecambe Bay—to look into the allegations by the baby’s father, James Titcombe.

Joshua Titcombe died aged 9 days from a lung infection at Furness General Hospital, run by the Morecambe Bay trust, in November 2008. His is one of several deaths of babies and mothers at the hospital that are being investigated by Cumbria Police.1

James Titcombe asked the then parliamentary and health service ombudsman, Ann Abraham, to …
King of the Mountain: The Nature of Political Leadership
Authors: D. K. Simonton
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Imaging of Thebesian Venous System
Authors: Shalabh Singhal, Saeb Khoury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

During left ventriculography in this 46-year-old man with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, contrast material was injected into thebesian veins. Thebesian veins are small, valveless direct connections between the coronary arteries or venous system and the chambers of the heart.
The Use of Lithium Carbonate in the Treatment of Manic Psychoses
Authors: GEORGE SCHLAGENHAUF, JOE TUPIN, ROBERT B. WHITE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

This paper describes the use of lithium carbonate in the treatment of ten patients with manic-depressive disorders, manic type. In keeping with previous reports, we have found this to be an extremely effective method of controlling manic excitement. The patients maintained on lithium carbonate have continued to do very well and while the follow-up period has not been long, none has had any recurrence of manic or depressive symptoms. At the dosage level used, side effects have been rare and transient. The practical aspects of a treatment that is effective, safe, and inexpensive are obvious but lithium may also be an interesting tool that can be used to better understand the nature of manic depressive illness.
Different Effects of Calcium Antagonists, Nitrates, and β-Blockers on Platelet Function
Authors: Charles J. Knight, Manvinder Panesar, Darren J. Wilson, Nicolas A.F. Chronos, Deven Patel, Kim Fox, Alison H. Goodall
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The three major classes of antianginal drug all inhibit platelet aggregation at high concentrations in vitro, but detecting clinically relevant effects has proved to be more difficult. We used whole-blood flow cytometry, a sensitive method that allows direct measurement of activation antigens on the surface of individual platelets in whole unfixed blood, to evaluate the effect of representative antianginal drugs on platelet function in vivo in healthy volunteers. Methods and Results The effects of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), amlodipine, and atenolol were studied in nine normal volunteers. Fibrinogen binding to activated GP IIb/IIIa and expression of P-selectin, GP Ib, and GP IIb/IIIa on the platelet surface were measured. In addition, fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression were measured in response to ex vivo stimulation with the agonists ADP and thrombin. The three drugs had very different effects on platelets. GTN inhibited platelet fibrinogen binding and expression of P-selectin at rest and in response to agonist stimulation, whereas amlodipine enhanced P-selectin expression and atenolol increased fibrinogen binding in response to agonists. Atenolol did not block the stimulatory effects of epinephrine on ADP-induced platelet activation. GTN neutralized the proactivatory effects of amlodipine, whereas the effects of atenolol and amlodipine were not additive. Conclusions The three main classes of antianginal medication have different and possible clinically relevant effects on platelet behavior in vivo, nitrates causing inhibition of aggregation (fibrinogen binding) and degranulation (P-selectin expression), calcium antagonists enhancing degranulation, and β-blockers enhancing aggregation.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RELATIVE BINDING AFFINITY AND ELECTROPHORETIC BEHAVIOR OF RABBIT ANTIBODIES TO STREPTOCOCCAL CARBOHYDRATES
Authors: K. Eichmann, J. Greenblatt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

After repeated intravenous injections with Group C streptococcal vaccine, most rabbit antisera were shown to contain one or more IgG antibody components, as revealed by microzone electrophoresis. A procedure for the fractionation of multiple IgG antibody components from such streptococcal antisera is described. Separation is achieved on the basis of differences in relative binding affinities of the antibody components to immunoabsorbent columns. The evidence suggests that the electrophoretic mobility, and thus the net charge of an antibody, bears a reciprocal relationship to its binding affinity for the streptococcal Group C antigens. Furthermore, the relative binding affinity affords another means to assess the functional homogeneity of streptococcal antibodies. A possible relationship between light chain variable-region subclasses and binding affinities of streptococcal antibodies is discussed.
Tamoxifen encouraging for breast cancer
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A new report on a Canadian study shows tamoxifen citrate to have considerable promise in the treatment of premenopausal women with breast cancer. But the investigators emphasize that tamoxifen needs more study before it can be considered the "maneuver of choice" for treatment of this group of patients. (This is a reference to a recent editorial in the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>[1981;305:575-576] that claimed, partly on the basis of an earlier report on the same Canadian study, that tamoxifen is now "the endocrine maneuver of choice" for premenopausal women with breast cancer.) At present, tamoxifen can be considered another modality in the treatment sequence, said Kathleen I. Pritchard, MD, assistant professor of medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine. Pritchard made these cautionary remarks in an interview following presentation of the study results to the meeting of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada in Toronto.
High levels of glucose-6-phosphatase gene and protein expression reflect an adaptive response in proliferating liver and diabetes.
Authors: B A Haber, S Chin, E Chuang, W Buikhuisen, A Naji, R Taub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy is one of the few physiologic models of cellular proliferation in the adult animal. During hepatic regeneration, the animal is able to maintain metabolic homeostasis despite the acute loss of two thirds of hepatic tissue. In examining the molecular mechanisms regulating hepatic regeneration, we isolated novel immediate-early genes that are rapidly induced as the remnant liver undergoes the transition from its normal quiescent state into the G1 phase of the cell cycle. One of the most rapidly and highly induced genes which we initially termed RL-1, encodes rat glucose-6-phosphatase (rG6Pase). G6Pase mRNA peaks at 30 min and 36-48 h after hepatectomy correlating with the first and second rounds of cell division. This finding is compatible with studies that showed that G6Pase enzyme activity increases during liver regeneration. However, the increase in G6Pase mRNA is much more dramatic, indicating that it is a more sensitive indicator of this regulation. G6Pase gene expression peaks in the perinatal time period in the liver and remains elevated during the first month of life. The expression of the G6Pase gene is also dramatically elevated in BB diabetic rats, again higher than the enzyme elevation, and its relative induction after partial hepatectomy is blunted in these animals. Insulin treatment of partially hepatectomized diabetic animals downregulates the expression of G6Pase mRNA. Using specific antibodies against G6Pase, we detect a 36-kD G6Pase protein, and its level is elevated in regenerating and diabetic livers. The pattern of G6Pase mRNA expression appears to reflect similar changes in insulin and glucagon levels which accompany diabetes and hepatic proliferation. The elevation of G6Pase expression in these conditions is indicative of its importance as a regulator of glucose homeostasis in normal and abnormal physiologic states.
LIPOIDS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS
Authors: Frank L. Horsfall, Kenneth Goodner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

It has been demonstrated that the removal of lipoids from Type I antipneumococcus horse serum causes a loss of the visible phenomena of type specific agglutination and precipitation, and in the case of rabbit serum a marked reduction in these properties. Initial activity of the type specific antibody can be restored to extracted immune horse serum by the addition of lecithin, and to rabbit serum by the addition of cephalin. The significance of these observations in respect to the relation of phospholipins to the type specific reactions of antipneumococcus serum is discussed.
Televised medical testimony
Authors: J. E. Simonaitis
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Amanda M. Varnava, Perry M. Elliott, Christina Baboonian, Fergus Davison, Michael J. Davies, William J. McKenna
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are at increased risk of premature death; this is particularly apparent for patients with mutations of the troponin T gene. Myocyte disarray and interstitial fibrosis, pathological features of HCM, may be determinants in these deaths. The relation between genotype, pathological phenotype, and mode of death has not been explored. Methods and Results — Seventy-five hearts with HCM were examined. DNA was available in 50 for screening of the troponin T gene. The macroscopic findings, percentage of disarray, percentage of fibrosis, and percentage of small-vessel disease were correlated with the genotype. A troponin T mutation was identified in 9 of the 50 patients, 8 of whom died suddenly. Patients with a troponin T mutation were younger (mean age, 21.0 years [range, 6 to 37] versus 39.1 years [range, 14 to 72]; P &lt;0.0001), had more sudden death ( P =0.02), and had lower heart weights, less fibrosis, and greater disarray than other HCM patients (mean heart weight, 380.3±105.4 versus 585.0±245.7 g, P =0.002; mean fibrosis, 0.7±0.4% versus 2.6±2.8%, P =0.001; mean disarray, 46.2±7.2% versus 24.1±15.9%, P &lt;0.0001; and mean small-vessel disease, 11.7±14.6 versus 14.1±8.7, P =0.6, respectively). Similarly, patients with troponin T mutations who died suddenly had lower heart weights and greater disarray than patients who died suddenly with unknown genotype (ie, troponin T mutation excluded) (mean heart weight, 429.8±75.4 versus 559.6±204.43 g, P =0.04, and mean disarray, 40.1±9.4% versus 20.2±12.6%, P =0.002, respectively). Conclusions — Patients with troponin T mutations had severe disarray, with only mild hypertrophy and fibrosis. These patients died suddenly and at an especially early age. We propose that extensive myocyte disarray in the absence of marked hypertrophy is the pathological substrate for sudden death in these patients.
Rapid diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using bronchial lavage fluid
Authors: Masahito Kawazu, Yoshinobu Kanda, Susumu Goyama, Masataka Takeshita, Yasuhito Nannya, Miyuki Niino, Yukiko Komeno, Tetsuya Nakamoto, Mineo Kurokawa, Shiho Tsujino, Seishi Ogawa, Katsunori Aoki, Shigeru Chiba, Toru Motokura, Nobuya Ohishi, Hisamaru Hirai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive method for detection of Aspergillus DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but it has not yet been able to distinguish infection from contamination. We have established a technique to quantify Aspergillus DNA using a real‐time PCR method to resolve this problem, and we report herein a successful application of real‐time PCR to diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by comparing the amount of Aspergillus DNA in bronchial lavage fluid from an affected area to that from an unaffected area. This novel tool will provide rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis. Am. J. Hematol. 72:27–30, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
91 Control of HIV viral load through highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) slows down liver fibrosis progression in HIV/HCV-coinfection and makes it the same as in HCV-monoinfection. The Puerto Rico-New York hepatitis C study group
Authors: N. Bräu, M. Rodriguez-Torres, M. Salvatore, C. Ríos-Bedoya, A. Fernandez, F. Paronetto, J. Rodriguez-Orengo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Hemosiderosis in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Majid Ali
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The distribution of stainable iron stores was investigated in various organs of 50 hemodialysis patients with chronic renal disease. Massive iron deposits were found in the liver and spleen. Among 18 patients with severe hepatosplenic siderosis, iron deposits were abundant in the adrenal glands, lymph nodes, and lungs and were sparse in the heart, kidneys, and pancreas. There was an absence or scarcity of stainable iron in bone marrow of 19 pats. In five of these marrow-iron-depleted patients, serum concentrations of ferritin were high. In long-term hemodialysis patients, a variety of factors make massive iron overloads of various organs a likely occurrence, severe hepatosplenic siderosis may occur in marrow-iron-depleted patients, and serum ferritin levels in this setting may not always accurately reflect the status of marrow iron store.
Is Helicobacter pylori associated hypergastrinaemia due to the bacterium's urease activity or the antral gastritis?
Authors: R S Chittajallu, C A Dorrian, W D Neithercut, S Dahill, K E McColl
Journal: Gut (1991)

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is associated with a fall in serum gastrin but the way in which the infection raises the serum gastrin concentration is not clear. It may be related to the ammonia produced by the bacterium's urease stimulating gastrin release by the antral G cells. Alternatively, the antral gastritis induced by the infection may modify the regulation of gastrin release. We have examined serum gastrin in 10 patients before and 24 hours after starting triple anti-H pylori treatment consisting of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 120 mg four times daily, metronidazole 400 mg three times daily, and amoxycillin 500 mg three times daily. The urease activity, assessed by the 20 minute value of the 14C-urea breath test, fell from a median of 176 (range 116-504) kg% dose/mmol CO2 x 100 pretreatment to 5 (2-15) at 24 hours (p less than 0.005). The median antral gastritis score was 6 (4-6) pretreatment and fell to 3 (2-5) at 24 hours (p less than 0.02), and this was due to resolution of the polymorphonuclear component. Despite this complete suppression of bacterial urease activity and partial resolution of antral gastritis the median basal gastrin concentration remained unchanged, being 57 ng/l (45-77) pretreatment and 59 ng/l (45-80) at 24 hours and the median integrated gastrin response to a standardised meal was also unaltered, being 4265 ng/l/min (range 1975-8350) and 4272 ng/l/min (range 2075-6495) respectively. These findings do not support a causal association between H pylori urease activity and hypergastrinaemia and show rapid improvement of antral gastritis after starting anti-H pylori treatment.