tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4001: Lin28/miR-let-7c axis controls the growth and tumorigenicity of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Nagalakshmi Nadiminty, Ramakumar Tummala, Jae Yeon Chun, Wei Lou, XuBao Shi, Ralph deVere White, Allen C. Gao
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small ∼22 nt non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to and inducing degradation of target mRNAs. Deregulated expression of several miRNAs has been found in prostate cancer cells. Let-7 is an evolutionarily conserved family of miRNAs that have been shown to regulate expression of several oncogenes like HMGA2, RAS and Myc. Expression of members of the let-7 family has been shown to be downregulated in many human cancers including lung, breast, ovarian and prostate. In this study, we examined the relative expression levels of let-7c and its master regulator, Lin28 in prostate cancer cells and clinical specimens. We also examined the role of the let-7/Lin28 axis in controlling proliferation in prostate cancer cells. Methods: Expression levels of Let-7c and Lin28 in prostate cancer cells and clinical specimens were measured by real-time qRT-PCR, Northern and Western blotting. Prostate cancer cell lines with stable expression of let-7c or Lin28 were generated and their growth characteristics, clonogenic ability and colony forming abilities in soft agar were examined. Expression of let-7c was downregulated in LNCaP cells using antisense oligonucleotides and effects on growth were examined. Lentiviruses containing let-7c were injected into tumors generated by implantation of prostate cancer cells in nude mice and tumor volumes were measured. Results: Expression levels of let-7c were found to be downregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells and clinical specimens. These levels were found to be inversely correlated to expression levels of Lin28. Overexpression of let-7c reduced prostate cancer cell growth, clonogenic ability and ability to form colonies in soft agar, while downregulation of let-7c resulted in increased cell growth. Conversely, overexpression of Lin28 enhanced prostate cancer cell growth and clonogenic ability. In addition, intratumoral injection of lentiviruses containing let-7c reduced tumor volumes significantly in vivo in nude mice compared to control viruses. Conclusions: Levels of miR-let-7c are reduced in CRPC compared to androgen-dependent prostate cancer. Levels of Lin28, which regulates processing of let-7c into its mature form, are elevated in CRPC. Overexpression of let-7c reduces prostate cancer cell growth and tumorigenic ability. These results suggest that miR-let-7c is a tumor suppressor and may be developed as a therapeutic agent against CRPC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4001. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4001
Medical Resources After Nuclear War
Authors: Jane M. Orient
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Existing medical facilities would obviously be unable to handle the number of burn and radiation casualties estimated by Abrams<sup>1</sup>in the event of nuclear war. Increases in facilities are not to be expected, in part thanks to the lobbying efforts of organizations such as Physicians for Social Responsibility. Prevention is essential. Although millions of lives would inevitably be lost in a nuclear war, millions might still be saved, perhaps up to 70% of the population.<sup>2</sup>Burns could be prevented in many instances by the expedient of diving under a desk, because the heat energy of the fireball is released in a brief pulse that travels in a straight line. Radiation sickness could be prevented by fallout shelters. Information about such lifesaving methods is widely disseminated in the Soviet Union, where training is required of every citizen, beginning in the second grade.<sup>3</sup>Hiatt's concern for
Skeletal Effects of Estrogen*
Authors: RUSSELL T. TURNER, B. LAWRENCE RIGGS, THOMAS C. SPELSBERG
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

BONE differs from reproductive tissues in that many aspects of skeletal growth, turnover, and function occur in the absence of gonadal hormones. Nevertheless, sex steroids have an important impact on bone physiology: they participate in the sexual dimorphism of the skeleton, play a role in maintenance of mineral homeostasis during reproduction, and are essential to maintaining bone balance in adults. Insufficient levels of certain sex steroids predispose the human skeleton to bone loss and to osteoporotic fractures. Estrogen appears to be the most important sex steroid in preventing osteoporosis in women and is the subject of this review. Serious difficulties must be overcome to understand the action of estrogen on mineralized tissues. The skeleton is heterogeneous and contains many cell types. The cells that synthesize (osteoblasts), lie within (osteocytes), and degrade (osteoclasts) bone matrix are present in small numbers, are difficult to isolate as pure populations, and probably do not proliferate.
Indian government promises to provide abortion services at 25 000 primary health centres
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The government in India is taking action to tackle the country’s high mortality from unsafe abortions by providing medical termination services at 25 000 primary healthcare centres across the country.

The Consortium on National Consensus for Medical Abortion in India has estimated that 11 million abortions take place in the country every year and that about 20 000 women die from complications related to abortion.

Rakesh …
Postgraduate Psychiatric Education: The Ethnography of a Failure
Authors: ALLEN J. ENELOW, VINCENT H. MYERS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Recent interest in postgraduate psychiatric education for nonpsychiatrist physicians has stimulated discussion of effective course planning, promotion, and content. To this increasing body of literature the authors contribute an account of their experience with a course of this type that failed—in part because its sponsors neglected to plan around the realities of the local sociopsychological atmosphere in the medical community where the course was offered. They conclude that simply making such courses available and locating them conveniently in the physicians' own communities are not certain keys to success.
Intellectual property rights are becoming less flexible, says Oxfam
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The charity Oxfam has criticised proposals from the UK government's think tank on patents for not going far enough to help poor countries bypass patent laws and get the drugs and technology they need to escape poverty.

Although it has cautiously welcomed the first report from the Commission for Intellectual Property Rights (14 September, p 562), Oxfam says that the report's recommendations are meaningless for the many developing countries that do not have the technology to manufacture …
Thoracic Epidural Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Sheetal Shivaprasad, Girish Shroff, Gerald A. Campbell
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Caring Physicians of the World
Authors: Tiago Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2006)

T he World Medical Association (WMA)—an independent confederation of free, independent associations of doctors—has put together an impressive compilation of profiles of 65 doctors from 58 countries, from Armenia to Vietnam. Sponsored by the pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, Caring Physicians of the World is a beautifully produced publication, its glossy pages filled with excellent pictures and providing an insight into its subjects' professional and personal lives. But what are the criteria underpinning the selection of these “caring physicians”?

Nigel Duncan, WMA public relations consultant and the book's author, explains that “each national medical association was asked to nominate up to three names, and a panel of judges headed by Dr Yank Coble [WMA President 2004-05] selected one, and sometimes two, from each association.” Furthermore, according to the WMA website, the doctors were chosen “by their peers for personal and professional attributes demonstrating humanity and the core values of medicine at its finest” (www.caringphysicians.info/e/).

Perhaps not surprisingly, the United Kingdom's Sir Richard Doll, who was the first to confirm the link between smoking …
PHLS will not be privatised
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) and the research establishments of the Medical Research Council (MRC) are to remain in the public sector.

The British government's Prior Options review accepted that there was a need for all 28 public sector research establishments and concluded that they should not be privatised.

Sir Leslie Turnberg, the new chairman of the PHLS, said he was delighted …
Protective effects of N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine against myocardial reperfusion injury after neutrophil depletion in the dog: evidence for the role of intracellular-derived free radicals.
Authors: S E Mitsos, T E Askew, J C Fantone, S L Kunkel, G D Abrams, A Schork, B R Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Reperfusion of the previously ischemic myocardium is associated with the production of oxygen free radicals and their metabolites, which contribute to the ultimate extent of irreversible myocardial injury. The relative importance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes vs intracellular-derived oxygen metabolites has remained uncertain. We evaluated the effectiveness of a free-radical scavenger, N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG), in limiting infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion in dogs that were depleted of neutrophils with specific antisera. Twenty-four urethane-anesthetized open-chest dogs were subjected to 90 min of ischemia by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery followed by 6 hr of reperfusion. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive nonimmune serum, neutrophil antiserum, or neutrophil antiserum plus MPG (20 mg/kg intra-atrially 15 min before reperfusion was initiated and for 45 min after reperfusion). Infarct size, as a percent of the area at risk, was reduced by 33% in the neutrophil antiserum group as compared with the nonimmune group (30.7 +/- 2.7% vs 45.6 +/- 3.7%, p less than .01). The combined administration of neutrophil antiserum plus MPG reduced the size of infarction by 63% of the area at risk compared with that in the nonimmune group (17.0 +/- 2.7% vs 45.6 +/- 3.7%, p less than .01). The reduction in infarct size with neutrophil antiserum plus MPG was significantly greater than that with the neutrophil antiserum alone (p less than .01). The areas at risk did not differ among the groups. Myocardial protection could not be explained on the basis of hemodynamic differences. The observation that MPG enhances the protective effects of neutrophil depletion suggests that both extramyocardial- and intramyocardial-derived oxygen free radicals contribute significantly to reperfusion-induced myocardial injury.
699 OBSERVED PATTERNS OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY USE IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) PATIENTS FROM THE MULTINATIONAL HCC BRIDGE STUDY: RESULTS OF A SECOND INTERIM ANALYSIS
Authors: M. Colombo, L. Roberts, M. Schwartz, F. Degos, M. Sherman, P.-J. Chen, M. Chen, J.-W. Park, M. Kudo, P. Johnson, B. Huang, S. Wagner, L. Orsini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Farouc A. Jaffer, Peter Libby, Ralph Weissleder
Journal: Circulation (2007)

olecular imaging aims at sensing specific molecular targets, fundamental biological processes, and certain cell types in living subjects.An integrative discipline rooted in the biological, chemical, and imaging sciences, molecular imaging has broad applications in biology and drug discovery 1-5 and increasingly within cardiovascular disease. 6 -12 Before discussing key factors spurring the growth of this field, we first briefly review 2 essential components of this technology: imaging agents and imaging hardware.
Efficacy of Automatic Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy That Uses an Estimated Required Pressure in the Treatment of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Frederic Series
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective therapy for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Automatic CPAP devices continuously adjust the positive pressure to the required levels. Objective: To determine the efficacy of an automatic CPAP machine used with an estimated reference pressure value. Design: A before-and-after, single-blind trial in which patients were randomly allocated to one of three modes of CPAP administration. Setting: Referral-based sleep center in a public health care institution. Patients: 36 outpatients with OSAS. Intervention: Continuous positive airway pressure was given at a conventional fixed pressure (group 1), automatic CPAP was given at a measured reference pressure (group 2), and automatic CPAP was given at an estimated reference pressure (group 3). In group 1, the effective pressure was determined during a titration sleep study. In groups 2 and 3, the pressure interval was allowed to vary from 4 cm H2O below reference pressure to 3 cm H2O above reference pressure. In group 3, the estimated value of the reference pressure was determined according to individual anthropometric characteristics. Measurements: Sleep studies were performed and measurements of diurnal sleepiness were obtained at each visit. Results: Sleep and breathing disorders and hypersomnolence were alleviated similarly in the three groups. The apnea + hypopnea index remained abnormal in one patient in group 3 for whom the reference pressure had been underestimated. A strong negative correlation was found between the percentage of time spent below reference pressure during CPAP and the difference between the effective and estimated pressures. Conclusion: Automatic CPAP can be used with an estimated reference pressure without doing a titration sleep study. The positive pressure trend can be used to determine whether treatment failure is caused by an inadequate pressure setting and to determine the amount of pressure to apply.
Diphenylhydantoin in the Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Robert E. Buckley
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It was proposed four years ago that the induction of a state of chronic hyperglycemia by the anti-insulin effect of diazoxide should be of value in the treatment of peptic ulcers.<sup>1</sup>The extensive side effects of diazoxide made clinical investigation of the proposal impractical. It has been found that diphenylhydantoin alters the insulin secretion following a glucose load.<sup>2</sup>Fasting blood glucose levels remained normal as the glucose tolerance curve became elevated because of an inhibition of insulin release. This finding provides the clinician with a well-known and available drug which can test the proposal that the induction of a diabetictype glucose tolerance curve would provide the protective value which diabetes has against the development of duodenal ulcers. An activation of the glucoreceptor mechanism of the ventromedial hypothalmic nucleus has been proposed to be the neurophysiologic basis for the protection which the chronic hyperglycemia of adult-onset
Incidence and prognostic value of TET2 alterations in de novo acute myeloid leukemia achieving complete remission
Authors: Olivier Nibourel, Olivier Kosmider, Meyling Cheok, Nicolas Boissel, Aline Renneville, Nathalie Philippe, Hervé Dombret, François Dreyfus, Bruno Quesnel, Sandrine Geffroy, Samuel Quentin, Catherine Roche-Lestienne, Jean-Michel Cayuela, Christophe Roumier, Pierre Fenaux, William Vainchenker, Olivier A. Bernard, Jean Soulier, Michaëla Fontenay, Claude Preudhomme
Journal: Blood (2010)
Antitumor activity, and antiangiogenic activity of nanoparticle albumin-bound <i>nab</i>-rapamycin in combination with <i>nab</i>-paclitaxel.
Authors: N Desai, S Ran, L Volk, A Stutzman, O D'Cruz, V Trieu
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3125 Background: Rapamycin inhibits downstream signals from the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a known kinase member of a signaling pathway that promotes tumor growth. Rapamycin's poor aqueous solubility and poor chemical stability have limited its development as an intravenous (IV) anticancer agent. Nab-rapamycin utilizes the albumin-bound technology to allow for IV administration of rapamycin and has demonstrated dose-linear pharmacokinetics and safety up to 90 mg/kg with effective antitumor activity at 40 mg/kg against a human panel of tumor xenografts. This study investigated the efficacy of combined therapy with nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane®) utilizing invasive human breast (MDA-MB-231) and colon (HT29) cancer xenograft models.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: Xenograft transplants using luciferase-tagged MDA-MB-231 cells were implanted into mammary fatpad of SCID mice and allowed to reach 460 mm3 in size prior to IV administration of saline (vehicle, n = 9); nab-rapamycin, 3x wkly for 2 wks at 40 mg/kg (nab-rap-2W; n = 8); nab-rapamycin, 3x wkly for 4 wks at 40 mg/kg (nab-rap-4W; n = 8); Abraxane, qdx5 at 30 mg/kg (ABX; n = 8); nab-rap-2W + ABX (n = 9); or nab-rap-4W + ABX (n = 8). HT29 xenografts were also treated with nab-rap-4W (n = 8) and nab-rap-4W + ABX (10 mg/kg, qdx5, IP, n = 8). The in vivo antiangiogenic effect of nab-rapamycin was evaluated using the standard in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay with 3-day old embryos (n = 18).&amp;#x2028; Results: Relative to vehicle controls, nab-rap-2W (P &amp;lt; 0.00011), nab-rap-4W (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and ABX (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) were effective against MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft models with tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 60%, 66%, and 73% respectively. Additive antitumor effects were observed with combination of nab-rapamycin + ABX with TGI of 81% and 86% for nab-rap-2W + ABX and nab-rap-4W + ABX groups, respectively. For HT29 tumors, the combination of ABX and nab-rapamycin also showed greater TGI (89%) compared to nab-rapamycin alone (81%). In the chick CAM assay, nab-rapamycin demonstrated antiangiogenic efficacy at doses of 10 µg and above without affecting embryo viability.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Combination therapy of nab-rapamycin and Abraxane was more effective at inhibiting breast and colon xenograft tumor growth than single therapy of either drug. The enhanced antitumor activity seen with combined nab-rapamycin-Abraxane may in part be due to the observed antiangiogenic activity of nab-rapamycin. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3125.
Comparison of I-123 IMP and Ga-67 Citrate Scintigraphy of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Katsuhito Murata, Kenichiro Suzuki, Yoshio Ayakawa, Naoki Higashi, Pei-Jan Paul Lin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

I-123 iodoamphetamine (IMP) and Ga-67 scintigraphy of malignant melanoma were performed to compare the accumulation of these tracers regarding tumor diameter to determine the site of I-123 IMP accumulation and to evaluate the use of I-123 IMP and Ga-67 in postoperative follow-up. The studies involved 44 patients with a definite diagnosis of malignant melanoma during a 10-year period from April 1991 through March 2001. In this study a very high detection rate of 90.9% was obtained for primary foci with I-123 IMP. With Ga-67, the primary site detection rate was 25%. The results suggest that I-123 IMP is superior to Ga-67 with respect to the detection rate of primary site.
Rhbdd3 controls autoimmunity by suppressing the production of IL-6 by dendritic cells via K27-linked ubiquitination of the regulator NEMO
Authors: Juan Liu, Chaofeng Han, Bin Xie, Yue Wu, Shuxun Liu, Kun Chen, Meng Xia, Yuan Zhang, Lijun Song, Zhiqing Li, Ting Zhang, Feng Ma, Qingqing Wang, Jianli Wang, Kejing Deng, Yuan Zhuang, Xiaohui Wu, Yizhi Yu, Tian Xu, Xuetao Cao
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Patient's experience
Authors: Denise Prior, James Heathcote
Journal: BMJ (2004)

It's not often that I'm ill and I had no intention of saying anything, but Bill brought it up for me because I wouldn't.1 Nineteen years ago I'd gone to my previous GP with bad stomach pains, and he just told me that it was an ulcer, so I always put it down to an ulcer. We sometimes had the odd glass of wine together in the evening, but not every evening, so it wasn't alcohol causing my pain. My Nan had skin problems, and I've dealt with cystitis before, so it didn't seem worth mentioning.

I never really thought I was …
Prostaglandin E1 protects against liver injury induced by Escherichia coli infection via a dominant th2-like response of liver T cells in mice
Authors: Yasuji Mokuno, Manabu Takano, Tetsuya Matsuguchi, Hitoshi Nishimura, Junji Washizu, Yoshikazu Naiki, Yuji Nimura, Yasunobu Yoshikai
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Prostaglandin E series (PGEs) are known to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury by down-regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. We show here a novel mechanism whereby prostaglandin E 1 protects mice against liver injury after Escherichia coli infection. Prostaglandin E 1 administration suppressed circulating interleukin 12 (IL-12) levels but increased the IL-10 production after E. coli challenge. Furthermore, prostaglandin E 1 -α-cyclodextrin (PGE 1 ) shifted the Th1/Th2 balance of CD3 intermediate IL-2Rβ + T cells in the liver to a dominant Th2-like response. Neutralization of endogenous IL-4 by administration of anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) diminished the inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E 1 on liver injury after E. coli challenge. These results suggested that the Th2-like response of liver T cells may be at least partly involved in the mechanism whereby prostaglandin E 1 protects against E. coli -induced liver injury.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase AMFR and INSIG1 Bridge the Activation of TBK1 Kinase by Modifying the Adaptor STING
Authors: Qiang Wang, Xing Liu, Ye Cui, Yijun Tang, Wei Chen, Senlin Li, Huansha Yu, Youdong Pan, Chen Wang
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Private speech, cognitive-computational control, and the autism-psychosis continuum
Authors: William Frawley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Autism and psychosis manifest private speech disruptions analogous to their diametrical opposition along the autism-psychosis continuum. Autism has naturally suppressed private speech with predictable structural deficits when it does surface; psychosis has overt but ineffectual private speech with similar structural deficits. These private speech oppositions are best understood in the context of the control processes of cognitive-computational architectures.