tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Robert C. Basner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Obstructive sleep apnea, a relatively common disorder in adults, is characterized by sleep-related periodic breathing, upper-airway obstruction and asphyxia, sleep disruption, and acute autonomic, arterial, and hemodynamic perturbations. Epidemiologic data show a strong association between untreated obstructive sleep apnea and incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 It is implicit that obstructive sleep apnea causes or propagates adverse cardiovascular outcomes and that its treatment may have a mitigating effect, and there are numerous instances in which explicit data have documented the efficacy of the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in preventing or attenuating such outcomes. However, obstructive sleep apnea is typically . . .
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS PRODUCED IN DOGS BY SPECIFIC ANTISERA
Authors: Beatrice Carrier Seegal, Margo W. Hasson, Evelyn C. Gaynor, Mildred S. Rothenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

The injection of rabbit antidog-placenta serum in 11 dogs resulted in an acute nephritis which was fatal within a month in 4, progressed to a chronic disease in 5, and healed in 2 animals. The nephritis produced in 5 dogs by the injection of rabbit antidog-kidney serum was comparable to that following the injection of antiplacenta serum. The manifestations of the acute disease included edema, hypertension, proteinuria, cylindruria, hematuria, nitrogen retention, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and anemia. The non-fatal chronic nephritis was characterized by proteinuria, cylindruria, and hematuria. With the onset of renal failure elevation of the blood urea nitrogen again occurred. Antiplacenta serum did not cause abortion when injected into pregnant dogs, nor did pregnancy modify the subsequent development of nephritis.
The Role of Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Detecting Severe Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic at High Risk Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Simonetta Bacci, Aldo Russo, Anna Rauseo, Raffaele Fanelli, Vincenzo Trischitta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

In type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD), the major cause of mortality, is often diagnosed late because of silent myocardial ischemia (MI) (1). Asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients, particularly those with additional atherogenic factors predisposing to a more severe coronary risk (i.e., those “at high risk”) have to be, therefore, screened for CAD (2). Exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most utilized screening test; however, several type 2 diabetic patients cannot exercise because of amputations or claudicatio and, as a whole, exercise ECG is not applicable also because of fatigue, dizzines, and hypertensive response in 30% of “at high risk” type 2 diabetic patients (3). Whatever the reason for exercise inability, these patients have a higher mortality rate (4 …
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Authors: Ann Schluederberg, Stephen E. Straus, Phillip Peterson, Susan Blumenthal, Anthony L. Komaroff, Susan B. Spring, Alan Landay, Dedra Buchwald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪A workshop was held 18 to 19 March 1991 at the National Institutes of Health to address critical issues in research concerning the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Case definition, confounding diagnoses, and medical outcome assessment by laboratory and other means were considered from the perspectives of key medical specialties involved in CFS research. It was recommended that published Centers for Disease Control (CDC) case-definition criteria be modified to exclude fewer patients from analysis because of a history of psychiatric disorder. Specific recommendations were made concerning the inclusion or exclusion of other major confounding diagnoses, and a standard panel of laboratory tests was specified for initial patient evaluation. The workshop emphasized the importance of recognizing other conditions that could explain the patient's symptoms and that may be treatable. It was viewed as essential for the investigator to screen for psychiatric disorder using a combination of self-report instruments followed by at least one structured interview to identify patients who should be excluded from studies or considered as a separate subgroup in data analysis. Because CFS is not a homogeneous abnormality and because there is no single pathogenic mechanism, research progress may depend upon delineation of these and other patient subgroups for separate data analysis. Despite preliminary data, no physical finding or laboratory test was deemed confirmatory of the diagnosis of CFS. For assessment of clinical status, investigators must rely on the use of standardized instruments for patient self-reporting of fatigue, mood disturbance, functional status, sleep disorder, global well-being, and pain. Further research is needed to develop better instruments for quantifying these domains in patients with CFS.
Risks From Antipsychotic Medications in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Adam B. Lewin
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
REVERSIBLE COLLAPSE OF RABBIT EARS AFTER INTRAVENOUS PAPAIN, AND PREVENTION OF RECOVERY BY CORTISONE
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

A substance has been demonstrated in solutions of crude papain, which, when injected intravenously into 1 kilo rabbits, in amounts less than 5 mg., results in complete collapse of both ears. The phenomenon becomes visible 4 hours after injection, and is complete within 24 hours. 3 or 4 days after papain, the ears gradually reassume their normal form. Ear collapse is associated with depletion of the ear cartilage matrix, and the disappearance of basophilia from the matrix. Similar changes occur in all other cartilage tissues, including bones, joints, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. At the time when the ears are restored to normal shape, the basophilic matrix reappears in cartilage. Repeated injections of papain, over a period of 2 or 3 weeks, bring about immunity to the phenomenon of ear collapse. When the arterial circulation to one ear is occluded for 15 minutes at the time of injection of papain, this ear is protected against collapse. The effect of crude papain could not be reproduced by crystalline papain protease or crystalline papain lysozyme, which together comprise a considerable portion of the dry weight of papain. The nature of the responsible factor has not been determined, and the possibility that chymopapain may be implicated is currently under study. Cortisone prevents the return of papain-collapsed ears to their normal shape and rigidity. Possibly this reflects a capacity of cortisone to impede the synthesis or deposition of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in tissues.
IN VITRO DETOXIFICATION OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN BY MACROPHAGES
Authors: S. H. Rutenburg, F. B. Schweinburg, J. Fine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

In the in vitro model described normal serum or plasma alone does not detoxify endotoxin, as determined by the response of the thorotrast-primed rabbit to the injection of the reaction mixture after 1 hour of incubation at 37°C. Partial detoxification, however, is achieved by serum or plasma after 3 hours of incubation of the same reaction mixture, as determined by the chick embryo test. Macrophages in serum or plasma do detoxify endotoxin, as determined by both tests. Granulocytes, which are also able to detoxify endotoxin in the presence of serum, are less potent than macrophages. Immune serum alone is much more potent than normal serum alone. Macrophages in immune serum are more potent than immune serum alone. The relevance of the anti-endotoxic properties of these in vitro systems to the processes in the living animal are in doubt, and must await the results of comparable observations in the living animal.
OBSERVATIONS IN A CASE OF JEJUNAL FISTULA
Authors: EDWIN P. LEHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

A case of high complete intestinal fistula has offered an opportunity for making observations on the functional activity of the upper intestinal tract, some of which have a bearing on modern interpretations of gastro-intestinal physiology. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A man, aged 38, suffered a severe crushing injury of the jejunum, Oct. 22, 1923. Dr. G. H. Copher, at the St. Louis City Hospital, resected about 2 feet of intestine and brought the free ends out of the abdomen, as an emergency measure. About 4 feet of jejunum remained above the fistula. After a stormy course, requiring two blood transfusions, the patient reacted slowly. He came under the care of one of us (E. P. L.), Nov. 1, 1923, because of alternation of services. At this time, the acute symptoms were subsiding, and the problem became for the time wholly dietary. We were confronted by a situation in which the patient
Histogenesis and Premalignant Lesions
Authors: Si-Chun Ming
Journal: JAMA (1974)

FROM A histological point of view, the development of gastric carcinoma involves three fundamental problems: the cellular origins of cancer cells, the developmental sequences of cancer, and the premalignant conditions. Important information is available, although it is incomplete and in some aspects, controversial. I report the current thoughts on these problems. <h3>Cellular Origins of Carcinoma.—</h3> The gastric mucosa presents a complex composition, both normally and in pathological states. As far as carcinomas are concerned, evidence indicates that the mucus-producing cells and their variants are primarily involved.<sup>30</sup>The generation of foveolar mucus cells occurs in the neck portion of the normal stomach. Frequently, the newly formed cells are poorly differentiated, ie, at the margin of a chronic ulcer. In chronic injury, the gastric mucosa often transforms itself to simulate the mucosa of the small intestine, a phenomenon known as intestinal metaplasia. In severe cases, there is a total absence of
Excess winter deaths rose by 29% last year from 2011-12
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The number of excess winter deaths in England and Wales was an estimated 31 100 in 2012-13, nearly a third (29%) more than in the previous winter, when there were 24 200 deaths, show the latest statistics.

Deaths peaked in the first week of January 2013, coinciding with a peak incidence of influenza-like illness over the Christmas weeks, show the figures from the Office for National Statistics.1 But the mean number of daily deaths remained higher than average throughout February, March (when the number was 14% higher, or an average of 1582 deaths a day), and April (11% higher) 2013, when temperatures were lower than average. March 2013 was the coldest since 1962, with an average monthly temperature of just 2.6°C. 

Most deaths (82%) occurred in people aged …
The impact of allogeneic stem cell transplantation on the natural course of poor-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia as defined by the EBMT consensus criteria: a retrospective donor versus no donor comparison
Authors: I. Herth, S. Dietrich, A. Benner, U. Hegenbart, M. Rieger, P. Stadtherr, A. Bondong, T.H. Tran, R. Weide, M. Hensel, W. Knauf, J. Franz-Werner, M. Welslau, M. Procaccianti, M. Görner, J. Meissner, T. Luft, S. Schönland, M. Witzens-Harig, T. Zenz, A.D. Ho, P. Dreger
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
A lesson from a bike shop
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Have you ever wondered how much medical “success” is simply down to patients failing to tell us what we’ve got wrong? Insight into patient experience comes from surprising sources at times. I recently learnt a lesson in a bike shop.

My second favourite bike needed a service. The front gear wheel wasn’t engaging properly, and after three years of punishment I knew every bit that moved was clogged with muck and oil. So I took it to …
Progressive Loss of Phenotypic Proteins in Mature Granulocytes Before the Onset of Blast Crisis in Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia1
Authors: J. M. Bednarek, R. D. Knight, G. Taylor, W. H. Evans
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

A combined high-performance liquid chromatography-sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis method for the study of the phenotypic protein patterns of mature blood granulocytes was previously described. With the use of this method in the present study, the progression of human chronic myelogenous leukemja (CML) from the stable to the blast crisis stage was shown to be accompanied by a progressive decrease in the amounts of cell membrane and granule phenotypic proteins in mature granulocytes. Survival time from the initial diagnosis was significantly shorter for CML patients whose levels of granulocyte phenotypic proteins were below the normal range compared with survival time for those patients whose levels were normal or higher than normal. The data suggest that these changes in mature granulocytes serve as useful diagnostic indicators of an impending blast crisis in CML patients. [J Natl cancer Inst 1988;80:251–257]
In praise of the simple life
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The FcγRIIB is a potent inhibitory coreceptor that blocks BCR signaling in response to immune complexes and, as such, plays a decisive role in regulating Ab responses. The recent application of high-resolution live cell imaging to B cell studies is providing new molecular details of the earliest events in the initiation BCR signaling that follow within seconds of Ag binding. In this study, we report that when colligated to the BCR through immune complexes, the FcγRIIB colocalizes with the BCR in microscopic clusters and blocks the earliest events that initiate BCR signaling, including the oligomerization of the BCR within these clusters, the active recruitment of BCRs to these clusters, and the resulting spreading and contraction response. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses indicate that blocking these early events may not require molecular proximity of the cytoplasmic domains of the BCR and FcγRIIB, but relies on the rapid and sustained association of FcγRIIB with raft lipids in the membrane. These results may provide novel early targets for therapies aimed at regulating the FcγRIIB to control Ab responses in autoimmune disease.
Cyclizine Toxicity — Intentional Drug Abuse of a Proprietary Antihistamine
Authors: Peter H. Gott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE list of seemingly "harmless" drugs that can produce toxic reactions is growing, largely because of misuse by youths in search of "kicks." Three boys who took massive overdoses of a supposedly nontoxic proprietary antihistamine provide the basis for this short report. Their signs and symptoms were similar to those recently described in cases of diphenhydramine1 and stramonium2 , 3 poisoning.Case ReportsAt 7:30 p.m. each of 3 17-year-old preparatory-school juniors voluntarily ingested 15 tablets (750 mg) of cyclizine† to experience a "high." They had obtained the drug upon request at a local pharmacy. Within half an hour, they became euphoric . . .
TCT-326 Utility of Fractional Flow Reserve Assessment in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Edward D. Coverstone, George A. Heberton, Brian R. Lindman, Richard G. Bach, Hersh Maniar, Amit Amin, Howard I Kurz, John Lasala, Jasvindar Singh, Alan Zajarias
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
P15 Concerns about corticosteroids among people with asthma: implications for clinical interventions
Authors: V. Cooper, L. Metcalf, J. Upton, S. Walker, J. Versnel, R. Horne
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Despite the effectiveness of inhaled and systemic corticosteroids in controlling and preventing asthma exacerbations, suboptimal rates of adherence to treatment have been well documented. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of patients′ beliefs about their medicine in determining their adherence to inhaled corticosteroids. The aim of this study was to examine in-depth people′s concerns about inhaled and systemic corticosteroids for asthma and their relation to treatment adherence, and to assess the use of and satisfaction with available sources of information about corticosteroids to inform the development of interventions to support patients. <h3>Method</h3> Validated questionnaires measuring concerns about steroid inhalers and tablets (Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire), satisfaction with information (Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale) and adherence (Medication Adherence Report Scale) were sent to Asthma UK members or completed online via the Asthma UK website. <h3>Results</h3> 2659 people returned questionnaires. Respondents reported a range of concerns about steroid medicines. The most prevalent concerns about steroid inhalers were about potential long-term effects (60%) side effects (sore throat or oral thrush (43%); effects on the voice (37%)) and becoming dependent on the inhaler (36%). The most prevalent concerns about steroid tablets were about long-term effects (81%), side effects (concerns about weight gain (66%); weakened bones (65%)) and general worry about taking the tablets (62%). People had stronger concerns about steroid tablets compared to steroid inhalers (p&lt;0.0001). Concerns about treatment were associated with lower adherence to steroid inhalers (p&lt;0.0001) and steroid tablets (p&lt;0.0001). The most frequent sources of information used by people to address their concerns were reading the patient information leaflet and consulting nurses and doctors. Two-thirds of the sample indicated that they were dissatisfied with the information they had received about steroid treatments. <h3>Conclusion</h3> People with asthma had a range of concerns about steroid medicines which impacted negatively on adherence. For many, treatment concerns had not been alleviated by the available information sources. Developing and implementing interventions that address patients′ concerns about the side effects of corticosteroids may improve adherence to asthma treatment and improve asthma control.
Increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor β in lymphocytes of patients with severe atopic dermatitis unresponsive to topical corticosteroid
Authors: P.M. Hägg, T. Hurskainen, R. Palatsi, M. Ilves, A. Oikarinen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Variable response to topical glucocorticoid therapy occurs in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-beta does not bind glucocorticoids but antagonizes the activity of the classic GRalpha, and could thus account for glucocorticoid insensitivity.To investigate GRalpha and GRbeta mRNA and protein expression in lymphocytes of patients with AD before and after treatment with topical corticosteroids.Blood was collected from 11 healthy donors, 10 patients with mild AD and 13 patients with severe AD. mRNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Expression of GRalpha and GRbeta mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and quantitated. Expression of the GRs was confirmed by Western blot analysis.The expression of GRalpha mRNA was detected in all subjects. GRbeta mRNA was detected in four out of 11 healthy volunteers, five out of 10 patients with mild AD and 11 out of 13 patients with severe AD. The incidence of GRbeta mRNA expression was higher in patients with severe AD (85%) than in patients with mild AD (50%), and significantly higher than in healthy volunteers (36%, P = 0.033). Four of the 13 patients with severe AD showed a 3.3-13.2-fold increase in the expression of GRbeta mRNA during a 2-week treatment with topical corticosteroids. In these patients the response to topical corticosteroids was poor.Expression of GRbeta is increased during topical corticosteroid treatment in the lymphocytes of patients with AD and, in particular, glucocorticoid-insensitive AD is associated with increased expression of GRbeta.
TIMI frame count immediately after primary coronary angioplasty as a predictor of functional recovery in patients with TIMI 3 reperfused acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Shinichi Hamada, Takashi Nishiue, Seishi Nakamura, Tetsuro Sugiura, Hiroshi Kamihata, Hironori Miyoshi, Yusuke Imuro, Toshiji Iwasaka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Dynamics of serum metabolites in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving pegylated interferon plus ribavirin: A metabolomics analysis
Authors: Takafumi Saito, Masahiro Sugimoto, Kaori Igarashi, Kaori Saito, Li Shao, Tomohiro Katsumi, Kyoko Tomita, Chikako Sato, Kazuo Okumoto, Yuko Nishise, Hisayoshi Watanabe, Masaru Tomita, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Tomoyoshi Soga
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Medical Journals in China
Authors: Barbara Gastel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

About 500 medical journals are published in the People's Republic of China; circulations range from approximately 1000 to 130,000. Publishers include the Chinese Medical Association (which publishes the most heavily cited journals), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, publishing houses, and academic institutions. In format, content, and operations, Chinese medical journals generally resemble their American counterparts, but they also differ. Their content consists largely of scientific papers (whose format is usually the same as that in the United States), case reports, and review articles. Case series are common, and reports of randomized clinical trials are rare. An estimated 20% of journals routinely include English-language abstracts, and the proportion is increasing. Papers are normally peer reviewed by at least two referees. Authors generally are paid on publication of a paper, and peer reviewers are also paid. The post office handles circulation for many journals.
A National Study of Medical and Surgical Specialties
Authors: Robert C. Mendenhall
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The survey instrument used in the national study of physician activities conducted by the University of Southern California, Division of Research in Medical Education, is a log-diary in which physicians kept a record of their actual professional activities. The log-diary focused on use of physician time and patient encounters and employed numerical coding of activities and patient encounters in a highly structured format. Compared with instruments used in similar studies, this log-diary appears to gather a greater breadth and depth of information about physician practice patterns.