tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Another Use for the Seven-Pinhole Collimator Routine Nontomographic Imaging of the Thyroid
Authors: ROBERT J. TELEPAK, STEPHEN R. BUNKER, JACK L. LANCASTER, MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, RALPH BLUMHARDT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Relatively few seven-pinhole collimator systems purchased within the last three years are still in routine use. This paper describes a nontomographic use of the collimator for thyroid scanning. One Image is obtained which simultaneously shows seven different projections of the thyroid gland. The diagnosis of thyroid abnormalities can frequently be made from this single composite image without the requirement for additional images. Further information can be obtained when needed by computer processing the image into tomographic slices.
Review of Stephen G. Post, ed.<i>Altruism and Health: Perspectives from Empirical Research</i>.<sup>1</sup>
Authors: Joseph A. Bracken
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

"Review of Stephen G. Post, ed. Altruism and Health: Perspectives from Empirical Research. 1 ." , 8(3), pp. 69–70 Notes 1. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007. pp. xxii, 458.
European birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases: I. Comparison of study designs – a GA<sup>2</sup>LEN initiative
Authors: T. Keil, M. Kulig, A. Simpson, A. Custovic, M. Wickman, I. Kull, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, K. H. Carlsen, H. A. Smit, A. H. Wijga, S. Schmid, A. Von Berg, C. Bollrath, E. Eller, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, S. Halken, A. Høst, J. Heinrich, D. Porta, F. Forastiere, B. Brunekreef, U. Krämer, S. N. Willich, U. Wahn, S. Lau
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: The reasons for the rise in asthma and allergies remain unclear. To identify risk or protective factors, it is essential to carry out longitudinal epidemiological studies, preferably birth cohort studies. In Europe, several birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases have been initiated over the last two decades. Aim: One of the work packages within the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA 2 LEN) project was designed to identify and compare European birth cohorts on asthma and atopic diseases. The present review (part I) describes their objectives, study settings, recruitment process and follow‐up rates. A subsequent review (part II) will compare outcome and exposure parameters. Methods: For each birth cohort, we collected detailed information regarding recruitment process, study setting, baseline data (pregnancy, birth, parents/siblings) as well as follow‐up rates, outcome and exposure parameters at each time point. Results: We identified and assessed 18 European birth cohorts on asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema. Six of these studies also focused on food allergies. The birth cohorts were mostly initiated in the 1990s with predominantly urban/metropolitan settings. Many studies were able to maintain high follow‐up rates, even after five or more years. Conclusions: Due to the unique cooperation within the GA 2 LEN project a common database was established containing study characteristics of European birth cohorts on asthma and atopic diseases. This can be used as a basis for evaluating the possibility to pool data and perform meta‐analyses, as well as to recommend criteria for conducting future birth cohorts.
Variation in Public and Private Supply of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine During a Shortage
Authors: Gary L. Freed, Matthew M. Davis, Sarah J. Clark
Journal: JAMA (2003)

In late August 2001, a serious shortage of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) developed in 34 state immunization programs. In September 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published revised recommendations advising physicians to prioritize PCV7 to specific groups of children. The effect of the shortage at the practice level is unknown.To determine the variation between public and private markets in the supply of PCV7 and the nature and extent of the PCV7 shortage at the practice level.Semistructured interviews with office staff responsible for ordering vaccines at private practices in 12 states were conducted between October 19 and November 2, 2001.Variation in supply of PCV7 obtained from public sources and through purchase on the private market. Supply was characterized into 3 categories: "no problem," "problem obtaining a consistent supply," and "out of stock."Interviews were completed at 405 practices, representing a response rate of 74%. Overall, 51% of practices reported at least 1 episode of being out of stock of public PCV7 and 64% of private PCV7, with significant state-to-state variation. Only 2 of 12 study states had a substantially higher proportion of practices experiencing out-of-stock episodes for public compared with private PCV7, while in 6 states public PCV7 was less frequently out of stock than private PCV7. Only 23% of practices in this study altered their administration policy for private PCV7, while 27% altered their policy for public PCV7.The distribution and supply of PCV7 varied between public and private supplies and between states during the shortage. Few practices changed their administration schedules in response to revised recommendations.
THE EFFECT OF SERUM FROM INSULIN-RESISTANT CASES ON THE COMBINATION OF INSULIN WITH THE RAT DIAPHRAGM 1
Authors: Julian B. Marsh, Niels Haugaard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

Insulin resistance is currently believed to be associated with insulin-neutralizing substances in the blood. Lowell (1), employing the mouse convulsion assay for insulin, has shown that the injection of mixtures of insulin and serum from insulin-resistant diabetic patients into mice caused a significantly smaller incidence of convulsive symptoms than the injection of the same amounts of insulin alone. He points out, however, that the quantitative interpretation of these experiments is difficult because of the variations of the response of the animals to insulin and the nonspecific effects of the injection of serum. It would be desirable, therefore, to employ a method for the determination of insulin-inactivating properties of serum which does not involve the administration of insulin-serum mixtures to the intact animal. In the course of our recent work on the chemical combination of insulin with the rat diaphragm (2, 3) it became apparent that this technique would provide a method for the detection of insulin-inactivating substances in any solution. Accordingly, we have tested serum from normal, diabetic, and insulin-resistant subjects and found, in confirmation of the results of Lowell, that serum from insulin-resistant patients has the property of opposing the action of insulin.
Methylene Blue for Ifosfamide-Associated Encephalopathy
Authors: Gilbert B. Zulian, Emmanuelle Tullen, Bruno Maton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Ifosfamide is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cervical carcinoma, soft-tissue sarcomas, and germ-cell tumors. Myelosuppression is common. Hemorrhagic cystitis is prevented by the administration of mesna. Confusion and coma have been associated with the use of ifosfamide, and antiepileptic drugs may be required.1 Ifosfamide may also cause a dose-dependent encephalopathy in the presence of a pelvic mass that obstructs the ureters or intrinsic renal impairment.2 The drug is marketed in the United States as Ifex (Bristol-Myers Oncology Division, Princeton, N.J.). We report the reversal of ifosfamide-associated encephalopathy with methylene blue in a 68-year-old woman . . .
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), emtricitabine/TDF, and entecavir in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B liver disease
Authors: Yun-Fan Liaw, I-Shyan Sheen, Chuan-Mo Lee, Ulus Salih Akarca, George V. Papatheodoridis, Florence Suet-Hing Wong, Ting-Tsung Chang, Andrzej Horban, Chia Wang, Peter Kwan, Maria Buti, Martin Prieto, Thomas Berg, Kathryn Kitrinos, Ken Peschell, Elsa Mondou, David Frederick, Franck Rousseau, Eugene R. Schiff
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Data are limited on the safety and effectiveness of oral antivirals other than lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil for treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in patients with decompensated liver disease. This Phase 2, double-blind study randomized 112 patients with CHB and decompensated liver disease to receive either tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF; n = 45), emtricitabine (FTC)/TDF (fixed-dose combination; n = 45), or entecavir (ETV; n = 22). The primary endpoint was safety; more specifically, tolerability failure (adverse events resulting in permanent treatment discontinuation) and confirmed serum creatinine increase ≥ 0.5 mg/dL from baseline or confirmed serum phosphorus <2 mg/dL. Patients with insufficient viral suppression (e.g., confirmed HBV DNA ≥ 400 copies/mL at week 8 or 24) could begin open-label FTC/TDF but were considered failures in this interim week 48 analysis for efficacy endpoints. Tolerability failure was infrequent across arms: 6.7% TDF, 4.4% FTC/TDF, and 9.1% ETV (P = 0.622) as were confirmed renal parameters meeting threshold 8.9%, 6.7%, and 4.5% (P = 1.000), respectively. Six patients died (none considered related to study drug) and six received liver transplants (none had HBV recurrence). The adverse event and laboratory profiles were consistent with advanced liver disease and complications, with no unexpected safety signals. At week 48, HBV DNA was <400 copies/mL (69 IU/mL) in 70.5% (TDF), 87.8% (FTC/TDF), and 72.7% (ETV) of patients. Proportions with normal alanine aminotransferase were: 57% (TDF), 76% (FTC/TDF), and 55% (ETV). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss/seroconversion occurred in 21%/21% (TDF), 27%/13% (FTC/TDF), and 0%/0% (ETV). Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Modification for End-stage Liver Disease scores improved in all groups. All treatments were well tolerated in patients with decompensated liver disease due to CHB with improvement in virologic, biochemical, and clinical parameters.
T cell receptor selection by and recognition of two class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigenic peptides that differ at a single position.
Authors: J L Casanova, F Martinon, H Gournier, C Barra, C Pannetier, A Regnault, P Kourilsky, J C Cerottini, J L Maryanski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Peptides derived from HLA-Cw3 and HLA-A24 within region 170-179 differ by a single substitution, at position 173, and are both presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex molecule H-2Kd for recognition by murine cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). As a first approach to understand the way T cell receptors (TCRs) intact with the HLA peptides, we have analyzed the TCR selection by, and recognition of, the two HLA antigenic sites. First, we have compared the TCR repertoires selected by HLA-Cw3 and HLA-A24, not only by sequencing the TCRs carried by CTL clones isolated and grown in vitro, but also by analyzing the TCRs expressed in vivo by peritoneal exudate lymphocytes from immune animals. Second, we have compared the TCR crossrecognition of HLA-A24 by CTLs selected by HLA-Cw3 with that of HLA-Cw3 by CTLs selected by HLA-A24. The combined analysis of TCR selection by and recognition of these two related HLA antigenic sites provides evidence that the TCR beta junctional regions interact with the amino-terminal part of the HLA peptides.
SENSITIVITY TO TRIDIONE
Authors: Robert J. Greaves
Journal: JAMA (1946)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The analgesic, sedative, and anticonvulsive properties of Tridione, Abbott (3,5,5-Trimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione), are at present undergoing experimental and clinical investigation (J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap.81:402 [Aug.] 1944). To date no untoward reactions have been reported with the exception of a rash in 2 cases and an occasional case of blurring of vision or changes in color perception (believed to be functional, completely reversible after discontinuance of the drug, and showing no optic nerve damage in experimental animals). The following neutropenic response has not previously been noted:A white woman aged 25, seen in the dispensary May 6, 1946, complained of submandibular tenderness and swelling. The parotid glands were not tender or swollen, and Stensen's ducts were not inflamed. The temperature was normal. Her gums were in very poor condition. Oral hygiene was poor. No further physical findings were discovered.The patient was married and had one child.
Cholesteremia in Pregnant Masai Women
Authors: George V. Mann
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Masai women did not show hypercholesteremia during the third trimester of pregnancy despite their customary diet which is rich in animal fat and protein. The data suggest that diet fat is not an important determinant of cholesteremia in pregnancy, unless the high quality of the animal protein diet or a high degree of physical fitness is an overriding protection.
Severe, critical and fatal cases of 2009 H1N1 influenza in China
Authors: Peng Yang, Ying Deng, Xinghuo Pang, Weixian Shi, Xinyu Li, Lili Tian, Yi Zhang, Xiaoli Wang, Fang Huang, MacIntyre C. Raina, Quanyi Wang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Ambient Endotoxin Concentrations in Fresno, California
Authors: Ira B. Tager, Frederick W. Lurmann, Thaddeus Haight, Siana Alcorn, Bryan Penfold, S. Katharine Hammond
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundEndotoxins are found in indoor dust generated by human activity and pets, in soil, and adsorbed onto the surfaces of ambient combustion particles. Endotoxin concentrations have been associated with respiratory symptoms and the risk of atopy and asthma in children.ObjectiveWe characterized the temporal and spatial variability of ambient endotoxin in Fresno/Clovis, California, located in California's Central Valley, to identify correlates and potential predictors of ambient endotoxin concentrations in a cohort of children with asthma [Fresno Asthmatic Children's Environment Study (FACES)].MethodsBetween May 2001 and October 2004, daily ambient endotoxin and air pollutants were collected at the central ambient monitoring site of the California Air Resources Board in Fresno and, for shorter time periods, at 10 schools and indoors and outdoors at 84 residences in the community. Analyses were restricted to May–October, the dry months during which endotoxin concentrations are highest.ResultsDaily endotoxin concentration patterns were determined mainly by meteorologic factors, particularly the degree of air stagnation. Overall concentrations were lowest in areas distant from agricultural activities. Highest concentrations were found in areas immediately downwind from agricultural/pasture land. Among three other measured air pollutants [fine particulate matter, elemental carbon (a marker of traffic in Fresno), and coarse particulate matter (PMc)], PMc was the only pollutant correlated with endotoxin. Endotoxin, however, was the most spatially variable.ConclusionsOur data support the need to evaluate the spatial/temporal variability of endotoxin concentrations, rather than relying on a few measurements made at one location, in studies of exposure and and respiratory health effects, particularly in children with asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases.
NICE clinical guidelines: Authors' reply
Authors: Allan Wailoo, Jennifer Roberts, John Brazier, Chris McCabe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cholesterol values seem to divergeEditor-The targets for cholesterol management seem to be ever decreasing, but I cannot get my head around the fact that in the new guidelines from the British Hypertension Society box 8 suggests we should consider treatment if the 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease is > 20% and the total cholesterol level is > 3.5 mmol/l but the target to be attained, which is printed beside box 8, is higher, 4 mmol/l. 1 Can someone explain this anomaly to a simple general practitioner who will have to explain it to patients?
RESULTS OF IMPROVED TECHNIC IN OTOLOGIC SURGERY.
Authors: W. SOHIER BRYANT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Of late the technic of otologic surgery has steadily improved. Some of the advances in this line have already been generally accepted, while others are only regarded tentatively, or are not fully recognized. I consider only those improvements that are not accepted by all otologists and that have not yet been incorporated into their routine work. These improvements are largely connected with the physiologic treatment of wounds which materially shortens the convalescence and notably improves the results. 1. The advantages of a thorough mastoid operation are great. In this operation not only all the diseased tissue in sight is removed, but also the whole mastoid process ablated, and the zygomatic, occipital and jugular cells, if present, are opened, to expose all the cellular diverticula of the middle-ear system. The advantages are that there is no possibility that the convalescence will be much delayed by any remnant of the infected material
Congenital Hypothyroidism: Diagnostic Scintigraphic Evaluation of an Organification Defect
Authors: LIBBY CONE, ELIZABETH OATES, RAFAEL VAZQUEZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Quantitative Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid imaging was performed on a hypothyroid neonate. The image revealed markedly increased trapping in an enlarged, bilobed, eutopic gland. A perchlorate washout test using quantitative imaging with I-123 confirmed an organification problem.
The effect of particle size on the cytotoxicity, inflammation, developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Margriet V.D.Z. Park, Arianne M. Neigh, Jolanda P. Vermeulen, Liset J.J. de la Fonteyne, Henny W. Verharen, Jacob J. Briedé, Henk van Loveren, Wim H. de Jong
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
The Wells rule and a primary care rule were useful for ruling out deep venous thrombosis in primary care
Authors: Alfonso Iorio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation van der Velde EF, Toll DB, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ, et al. Comparing the diagnostic performance of 2 clinical decision rules to rule out deep vein thrombosis in primary care patients. Ann Fam Med. 2011;9:31-6. 21242558
Discrepancy between Medical Decisions for Individual Patients and for Groups
Authors: D A Redelmeier, A Tversky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Tension between health policy and medical practice exists in many situations. For example, regional variations in practice patterns persist despite extensive shared information,1 2 3 there are substantial deviations from accepted guidelines daily in the care of patients,4 5 6 7 and disproportionate amounts of care are given to selected individuals.8 9 10 These observations indicate that decisions in the clinical arena, which focus on the individual patient, may be at variance with general medical policies, which are based on wider considerations. Our study investigated this discrepancy.Imagine a patient presenting to a physician with a specific problem. Normally the physician treats each patient as a unique . . .
Souls in cages
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

“Some are like souls in cages. Like, you can see they're there, but they look like they don't want to be.” He tries to elaborate, can't take it much further, but—for a 17 year old on work experience in a nursing home and wanting to be a doctor—perhaps he's done quite well already.

Where do they come from, these souls in cages? Not sure, but I see too many of them: too often and too easily we fail the souls and …
Hypofibrinogenemia and Presumptive Shwartzman Reaction in Septic Abortion
Authors: William E. Josey
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE OCCURRENCE of hypofibrinogenemia in septic abortion is believed to be rare. Only seven cases 17 have been reported in sufficient clinical detail for analysis; the outcome was fatal in all. In some of these cases death was attributable to gas gangrene of the uterus. In others, however, the predominant clinical feature was acute vascular collapse in association with coliform bacteremia. There is general agreement that such vascular collapse is caused by liberation of bacterial endotoxin into the blood stream. It has been postulated 8 that the clinical and pathologic manifestations in pregnant patients dying from exposure to bacterial endotoxin are analogous to the reaction produced in laboratory animals by intravenous injections of endotoxin; ie, the generalized Shwartzman reaction.  One of the effects of experimental injections of bacterial endotoxin is a disturbance in the bloodclotting mechanism, evidently the result of intravascular coagulation. However, correlative observations of blood coagulation changes in
Unsuspected HIV infection in first year of life
Authors: D. Nunns
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--J A Evans and colleagues report five cases of unsuspected HIV infection presenting in the first year of life.1 As the number of HIV positive young women continues to rise this will be the first of many papers reporting the effects of the HIV epidemic on the perinatal period.2 The authors highlight the current deficiencies in screening for HIV antibodies among pregnant women, but these exist in screening of all adults who may be at risk of infection. …
Upsampling From Aorta and Aortic Branches
Authors: Zdeněk Řehák, Petr Szturz, Leoš Křen, Zdeněk Fojtík, Jaroslav Staníček
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Temporal arteries are typically below detectable levels of PET scanners, which repeatedly showed to be limiting in finding increased F-FDG accumulation even in histologically proven cases of giant cell arteritis. In 2010, Gaemperli and coworkers showed metabolic active inflammation in temporal arteries in an experimental study using PET with [C]-PK11195 combined with CT angiography. Herein, we present the case where an increased accumulation of routinely used tracer F-FDG can be identified directly in temporal and occipital arteries and even in smaller branches using a common hybrid PET/CT scanner if a brain acquisition protocol is applied.
Oral p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibition With BIRB 796 for Active Crohn’s Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Stefan Schreiber, Brian Feagan, Geert D’Haens, Jean–Frederic Colombel, Karel Geboes, Mikhail Yurcov, Vasily Isakov, Oleg Golovenko, Charles N. Bernstein, Diether Ludwig, Trevor Winter, Ulrich Meier, Chan Yong, Jürgen Steffgen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Prevalence and prognostic value of quantified electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Piero Amodio, Franco Del Piccolo, Elena Pettenò, Daniela Mapelli, Paolo Angeli, Rosamaria Iemmolo, Maurizio Muraca, Carmine Musto, Giorgio Gerunda, Cristiano Rizzo, Carlo Merkel, Angelo Gatta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Filaggrin deficiency confers a paracellular barrier abnormality that reduces inflammatory thresholds to irritants and haptens
Authors: Tiffany C. Scharschmidt, Mao-Qiang Man, Yutaka Hatano, Debra Crumrine, Roshan Gunathilake, John P. Sundberg, Kathleen A. Silva, Theodora M. Mauro, Melanie Hupe, Soyun Cho, Yan Wu, Anna Celli, Matthias Schmuth, Kenneth R. Feingold, Peter M. Elias
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Risk of HIV infection from blood transfusion.
Authors: A. M. Salzberg
Journal: BMJ (1992)

unvalidated operational clinical criteria, including parkinsonian symptoms (S Williams et al, unpublished study).We suggest that sensitivity to neuroleptics in patients with dementia with cortical Lewy bodies is further evidence of the importance of the parkinsonian component of the condition and a reminder that the dosages in neuroleptic regimens for elderly people are largely determined empiric- ally.We advocate much lower doses of such drugs in routine psychogeriatric practice.