tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Homeostasis vs Allostasis
Authors: Peter Sterling
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Hospital admissions before and after shipyard closure.
Authors: L. Iversen, S. Sabroe, M. T. Damsgaard
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the effect of job loss on health an investigation was made of admissions to hospitals in 887 men five years before and three years after the closure of a Danish shipyard. The control group comprised 441 men from another shipyard. The information on hospital admissions was obtained from the Danish national register of patients. The relative risk of admission in the control group dropped significantly in terms of the number of men admitted from the study group from 1.29 four to five years before closure to 0.74 in the three years after closure. This was especially true of admissions due to accidents (1.33 to 0.46) and diseases of the digestive system (4.53 to 1.03). For diseases of the circulatory system, particularly cardiovascular diseases, the relative risk increased from 0.8 to 1.60, and from 1.0 to 2.6 respectively. These changes in risk of illness after redundancy are probably a consequence of a change from the effects of a high risk work environment to the effects of psychosocial stresses such as job insecurity and unemployment.
Clinical Practice — A New Feature in the<i>Journal</i>
Authors: Thomas H. Lee, Caren G. Solomon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

In this issue of the Journal, we begin a new series of review articles focusing on clinical practice. Our goal is to provide physicians involved in patient care with information about problems that they confront on a daily basis — in a format that makes this information clear and accessible.The “Clinical Practice” articles, which will appear frequently in the Journal, will be relatively short (generally four to six pages) and will include a small number of carefully selected references. Each article will deal with a particular issue in clinical management and will be designed to help physicians recognize when . . .
An Outbreak of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection Among Cancer Patients
Authors: DAVID M. MORENS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

An outbreak of varicella-zoster infection occurred among patients of the Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Epidemiologic investigation suggested that the outbreak was due to two distinct types of disease. One type was acquired without previous exposure to other diseased patients and invariably associated with dermatomal lesions. The other, an a typical form, was associated with person-to-person transmission and equivocal initial dermatomal distribution and had an incubation period of approximately 11 to 25 days. Despite the diagnosis of zoster, the latter probably was varicella, occurring in patients who were immunodeficient because of disease, debility, and chemotherapy.
Tubercular and Tuberculous
Authors: Mark Lewis Gerstle
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  I have noticed that at least twice in recent AMA journals the word tubercular has been used synonymously with tuberculous . Am I correct in believing that tubercular means characterized by the presence of small nodules or tubercles, and that it is often used erroneously for tuberculous (source, Blakiston's New Gould Medical Dictionary 5th ed, 1949)? Tuberculous is defined by the above authority as affected with, or caused by, tuberculosis. I believe this is a valid and important differentiation which it behooves medical men to recognize, so they will use the terms correctly.
The effect of conjugation to gold nanoparticles on the ability of low molecular weight chitosan to transfer DNA vaccine
Authors: Xianfeng Zhou, Xizhen Zhang, Xianghui Yu, Xiao Zha, Qiuan Fu, Bin Liu, Xueyun Wang, Yan Chen, Yue Chen, Yaming Shan, Yinghua Jin, Yongge Wu, Junqiu Liu, Wei Kong, Jiacong Shen
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Sarcolemmal and Sarcoplasmic Reticular ATPase Activities in the Falling Canine Heart
Authors: Richard J. Mead, Myron B. Peterson, Joseph D. Welty
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

The specific activity of both the sarcoleminal Na + -K + -activated and the sarcoplasmic reticular ATPase systems was studied in dogs with right ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure induced by progressive pulmonary artery stenosis. In these enzyme preparations, mitochondrial or cross contamination of either of the cellular fractions studied did not appear to be a factor. In the sarcoplasmic reticular fraction, ouabain was without effect and succinic dehydrogenase assay showed less that 10% of the activity observed in pure mitochondrial preparations. In the sarcolemmal fraction, sodium azide did not significantly inhibit the ATPase activity, but ouabain inhibited 91% of it. The activity of the sarcolemmal ATPase system of the faihng heart did not differ from that of the control; however, the activity of failing heart sarcolemmal preparations was found to be only 61% inhibited by 10 -4 M ouabain, and the activity of control preparations was 91% inhibited. The sarcoplasinic reticular ATPase activity from right ventricles of dogs with congestive heart failure was significantly less ( P &lt;0.001) than the respective control activity (average 15.9 compared to 28.1 µmole hr -1 mg -1 ), whereas the activity from left ventricles of failing hearts did not differ significantly from the respective control value. These findings suggest that a possible explanation for the diminished contractility of the chronically failing heart lies within the subcellular enzymatic ion-regulating systems.
Five mutant alleles of the insulin receptor gene in patients with genetic forms of insulin resistance.
Authors: T Kadowaki, H Kadowaki, M M Rechler, M Serrano-Rios, J Roth, P Gorden, S I Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The nucleotide sequence was determined for all 22 exons of the insulin receptor gene from three patients with genetic syndromes associated with extreme insulin resistance. In all three patients, insulin resistance was caused by decreased insulin binding to the cell surface. The patient with leprechaunism (leprechaun/Winnipeg) came from a consanguineous pedigree and was homozygous for a missense mutation substituting arginine for His209 in the alpha-subunit of the insulin receptor. The other two patients were both compound heterozygotes with a nonsense mutation in one allele of the insulin receptor gene, and a missense mutation in the other allele. In the patient with the Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (patient RM-1), the missense mutation substituted lysine for Asn15 in the alpha-subunit. In the patient with type A extreme insulin resistance (patient A-1), the missense mutation substituted serine for Asn462 in the alpha-subunit. Both nonsense mutations markedly reduced the levels of insulin receptor mRNA transcribed from the alleles with the nonsense mutation as compared to the transcripts from the other allele. The reduction in the level of mRNA would be predicted to greatly reduce the rate at which the truncated receptors would be synthesized. Furthermore, the truncated receptors would be severely impaired in their ability to mediate insulin action.
Effects of tacrolimus (FK506) on human insulin gene expression, insulin mRNA levels, and insulin secretion in HIT-T15 cells.
Authors: J B Redmon, L K Olson, M B Armstrong, M J Greene, R P Robertson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

FK506 (tacrolimus) is an immunosuppressive drug which interrupts Ca2+-calmodulin-calcineurin signaling pathways in T lymphocytes, thereby blocking antigen activation of T cell early activation genes. Regulation of insulin gene expression in the beta cell may also involve Ca2+-signaling pathways and FK506 has been associated with insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus during clinical use. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of FK506 on human insulin gene transcription, insulin mRNA levels, and insulin secretion using as a model the HIT-T15 beta cell line. FK506 had no acute effect on insulin secretion in the HIT cell, but caused a reversible time- and dose-dependent (10(-9)-10(-6) M) decrease in HIT cell insulin secretion. Decreased insulin secretion in the presence of FK506 was also accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in HIT cell insulin content, insulin mRNA levels, and expression of a human insulin promoter-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene. FK506 decreased HIT cell expression of the human insulin promoter-CAT reporter gene by 40% in the presence of both low (0.4 mM) at high (20 mM) glucose concentrations. Western blot analysis of HIT cell proteins gave evidence for the presence of calcineurin in the HIT cell. These findings suggest that FK506 may have direct effects to reversibly inhibit insulin gene transcription, leading to a decline in insulin mRNA levels, insulin synthesis, and ultimately insulin secretion.
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Mass and Activity and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Population With High Prevalences of Obesity and Diabetes
Authors: Jorge R. Kizer, Jason G. Umans, Jianhui Zhu, Richard B. Devereux, Robert L. Wolfert, Elisa T. Lee, Barbara V. Howard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To investigate the association of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (LpPLA(2)) mass and activity with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population with high prevalences of insulin resistance and diabetes, conditions for which epidemiological data remain sparse.We conducted a nested, case-control study (n = 1,008) within a population-based cohort of American Indians. Case subjects were defined by incidence of first-ever CVD up to 10 years later. Control subjects comprised participants free of CVD events during the follow-up period who were frequency matched to case subjects by age, sex, and diabetes status. LpPLA(2) mass and activity were measured using commercially available assays.LpPLA(2) mass and activity were moderately correlated with each other (r = 0.30), but only LpPLA(2) activity exhibited moderate correlations with lipid fractions. After extensive adjustment for covariates, both LpPLA(2) measures were significantly associated with incident CVD, but the relationship was inverse for LpPLA(2) mass (highest versus lowest tertile, relative risk [RR] 0.55 [95% CI 0.39-0.79]) and positive for LpPLA(2) activity (highest versus lowest tertile, 1.65 [1.12-2.42]). These associations were similar when participants with and without diabetes were examined separately.In this population-based cohort enriched with dysmetabolic phenotypes, LpPLA(2) mass and activity showed divergent associations with CVD. The inverse relationship for LpPLA(2) mass is contrary to observations from predominantly nondiabetic populations and will require independent replication. Whether this finding relates to redistribution of LpPLA(2) to lipoprotein classes where it is less atherogenic or reflects incomplete measurement of LpPLA(2) mass associated with altered lipoprotein composition in insulin resistance warrants further investigation.
Fixed Eruption due to Sulphonamide Hypersensitivity
Authors: M. N. Ghosh
Journal: BMJ (1952)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA previous papers refer to hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis rather than dried serum.The lesions in this case appeared to be friable hyperkeratoses to the naked eye.The clinical picture is undoubtedly due to the unusually large population of acarids, which must have been several thousands in this patient, compared with the average of 11.3 found by Mellanby.There are two possible explanations for this.
Prenatal Phthalate Exposures and Anogenital Distance in Swedish Boys
Authors: Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Fredrik Carlstedt, Bo AG. Jönsson, Christian H. Lindh, Tina K. Jensen, Anna Bodin, Carin Jonsson, Staffan Janson, Shanna H. Swan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Phthalates are used as plasticizers in soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and in a large number of consumer products. Because of reported health risks, diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) has been introduced as a replacement for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in soft PVC. This raises concerns because animal data suggest that DiNP may have antiandrogenic properties similar to those of DEHP. The anogenital distance (AGD)--the distance from the anus to the genitals--has been used to assess reproductive toxicity.The objective of this study was to examine the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and AGD in Swedish infants.AGD was measured in 196 boys at 21 months of age, and first-trimester urine was analyzed for 10 phthalate metabolites of DEP (diethyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DEHP, BBzP (benzylbutyl phthalate), as well as DiNP and creatinine. Data on covariates were collected by questionnaires.The most significant associations were found between the shorter of two AGD measures (anoscrotal distance; AGDas) and DiNP metabolites and strongest for oh-MMeOP [mono-(4-methyl-7-hydroxyloctyl) phthalate] and oxo-MMeOP [mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate]. However, the AGDas reduction was small (4%) in relation to more than an interquartile range increase in DiNP exposure.These findings call into question the safety of substituting DiNP for DEHP in soft PVC, particularly because a shorter male AGD has been shown to relate to male genital birth defects in children and impaired reproductive function in adult males and the fact that human levels of DiNP are increasing globally.
Coordination versus Competition in Health Care Reform
Authors: Katherine Baicker, Helen Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Interview with Dr. Katherine Baicker on the balance between coordination and competition in U.S. health care after the Affordable Care Act. (08:53)Download Many proposals to increase the value of care focus on improved coordination. But by generating incentives for provider consolidation, these efforts may unintentionally be at odds with another strategy for improving value: promoting competition in health care markets.
Postoperative Hemodynamic Evaluation of a New Fabric-Covered Ball-Valve Prosthesis
Authors: ROBERT A. O'ROURKE, KIRK L. PETERSON, NINA S. BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Previous in vitro and in vivo experimental studies have indicated that insertion of the Braun-wald-Cutter fabric-covered ball-valve prosthesis results in negligible thromboembolic complications and hemodynamic performance comparable to that of noncovered mitral and aortic ball-valve prostheses. To assess the clinical efficacy of this fabric-covered valve prosthesis, 35 patients have been followed for 4 to 26 months (540 patient-months) after mitral and/or aortic valve replacement, and 13 have had extensive hemodynamic re-evaluation. In eight patients with the mitral valve prosthesis, the mean diastolic gradient averaged 4.8 mm Hg (range 0 to 8) and the end-diastolic gradient 0.8 mm Hg (range 0 to 2) at a time when the mean heart rate was 75 beats/min (range 50 to 100) and the cardiac output averaged 5.1 L/min (range 3.4 to 8.0). The calculated effective mitral valve orifice size averaged 2.68 cm 2 (range 1.92 to 3.46). In six patients with the aortic valve prosthesis, the average peak systolic gradient was 13 mm Hg (range 0 to 22), and the mean systolic gradient averaged 14.5 mm Hg (range 0 to 24) when the mean heart rate was 82 beats/min (range 64 to 120) and the cardiac output averaged 6.2 L/min (range 3.2 to 9.3). The average effective aortic valve size in the five patients with a mean systolic transvalvular gradient was 1.41 cm 2 (range 1.26 to 1.62). Only one postoperative thromboembolic complication has been observed, and this occurred in a patient with atrial fibrillation and a large left atrium three weeks after discontinuing anticoagulant therapy because of gingival bleeding. These data indicate that use of the fabric-covered Braunwald-Cutter ball prosthesis produces few thromboembolic complications and a satisfactory hemodynamic result.
Methotrexate: prescribing and monitoring practices among the consultant membership of the British Association of Dermatologists
Authors: B. Collin, S.K. Srinathan, T.M. Finch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Methotrexate is frequently used in dermatology practice and is potentially toxic. Prescribing and monitoring strategies have evolved over time and many areas of practice remain controversial and without firm evidence base.To document current U.K. prescribing and monitoring practice and to identify variations in practice.A postal questionnaire was sent, in a single mailshot, in January 2004 to the entire consultant membership (n = 531) of the British Association of Dermatologists.We received a response rate of 71%. The majority of respondents prescribed for small numbers of patients and 81% reported using a patient information sheet. Almost all monitored full blood count, liver function tests and urea, electrolytes and creatinine, and 71% measured aminoterminal peptide of type III procollagen levels. We identified a wide range of practice in the use of liver biopsy. In terms of adverse events, 12% reported experience of patients developing irreversible liver damage (severity not defined). Forty-nine deaths were reported, of which 18 were due to myelosuppression, six to possible pulmonary fibrosis, two to liver failure in the absence of reported alcohol consumption and four as a consequence of liver biopsy.We have documented wide variations in methotrexate prescribing and monitoring practice. We compare reported practice with current guidelines and highlight the importance of monitoring for myelosuppression.
PROGRESSION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN CHILDHOOD-ONSET DUCHENNE AND BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES
Authors: Leslie Ridall, Jane Gralla, Peter M. Mourani, Angela Czaja, Michele Yang, Christopher Cunniff, Jennifer A. Donnelly, Emma Ciafaloni, Joyce Oleszek, Shree Pandya, Elinora Price, Scott Auerbach
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
EFFICACY OF NEW SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION TRAINING
Authors: MAKOTO HYODO, Masashi Iwabuchi, Kyohei Yamaji, Takeshi Arita, Yoshimitsu Soga, Katsuhiro Kondo, Kenji Ando, Koyu Sakai, Masahiko Goya, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Genotype–phenotype correlation in hepatocellular adenoma: New classification and relationship with HCC
Authors: Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Emmanuelle Jeannot, Jeanne Tran Van Nhieu, Jean-Yves Scoazec, Catherine Guettier, Sandra Rebouissou, Yannick Bacq, Emmanuelle Leteurtre, Valérie Paradis, Sophie Michalak, Dominique Wendum, Laurence Chiche, Monique Fabre, Lucille Mellottee, Christophe Laurent, Christian Partensky, Denis Castaing, Elie Serge Zafrani, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Charles Balabaud, Paulette Bioulac-Sage
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Hepatocellular adenomas are benign tumors that can be difficult to diagnose. To refine their classification, we performed a comprehensive analysis of their genetic, pathological, and clinical features. A multicentric series of 96 liver tumors with a firm or possible diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma was reviewed by liver pathologists. In all cases, the genes coding for hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF1alpha) and beta-catenin were sequenced. No tumors were mutated in both HNF1alpha and beta-catenin enabling tumors to be classified into 3 groups, according to genotype. Tumors with HNF1alpha mutations formed the most important group of adenomas (44 cases). They were phenotypically characterized by marked steatosis (P < 10(-4)), lack of cytological abnormalities (P < 10(-6)), and no inflammatory infiltrates (P < 10(-4)). In contrast, the group of tumors defined by beta-catenin activation included 13 lesions with frequent cytological abnormalities and pseudo-glandular formation (P < 10(-5)). The third group of tumors without mutation was divided into two subgroups based on the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. The subgroup of tumors consisting of 17 inflammatory lesions, resembled telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasias, with frequent cytological abnormalities (P = 10(-3)), ductular reaction (P < 10(-2)), and dystrophic vessels (P = .02). In this classification, hepatocellular carcinoma associated with adenoma or borderline lesions between carcinoma and adenoma is found in 46% of the beta-catenin-mutated tumors whereas they are never observed in inflammatory lesions and are rarely found in HNF1alpha mutated tumors (P = .004). In conclusion, the molecular and pathological classification of hepatocellular adenomas permits the identification of strong genotype-phenotype correlations and suggests that adenomas with beta-catenin activation have a higher risk of malignant transformation.
Volumetric interpretation of protein adsorption: Interfacial packing of protein adsorbed to hydrophobic surfaces from surface-saturating solution concentrations
Authors: Ping Kao, Purnendu Parhi, Anandi Krishnan, Hyeran Noh, Waseem Haider, Srinivas Tadigadapa, David L. Allara, Erwin A. Vogler
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)