tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relations of income inequality and family income to chronic medical conditions and mental health disorders: national survey
Authors: R. Sturm, C. R. Gresenz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To analyse the relation between geographical inequalities in income and the prevalence of common chronic medical conditions and mental health disorders, and to compare it with the relation between family income and these health problems. <b>Design:</b> Nationally representative household telephone survey conducted in 1997-8. <b>Setting:</b> 60 metropolitan areas or economic areas of the United States. <b>Participants:</b> 9585 adults who participated in the community tracking study. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Self report of 17 common chronic medical conditions; current depressive disorder or anxiety disorder assessed by clinical screeners. <b>Results:</b> A strong continuous association was seen between health and education or family income. No relation was found between income inequality and the prevalence of chronic medical problems or depressive disorders and anxiety disorders, either across the whole population or among poorer people. Only self reported overall health, the measure used in previous studies, was significantly correlated with inequality at the population level, but this correlation disappeared after adjustment for individual characteristics. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study provides no evidence for the hypothesis that income inequality is a major risk factor for common disorders of physical or mental health. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Several studies have found a relation between income inequality and self reported health or mortality <h3>What this study adds</h3> There is a strong social gradient in health, as measured by the prevalence of chronic medical conditions and specific mental health disorders, by income or education No such association is seen between income inequality and health
Mutation and deletion of the pseudoautosomal gene SHOX cause Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis
Authors: Deborah J. Shears, Humberto J. Vassal, Frances R. Goodman, Rodger W. Palmer, William Reardon, Andrea Superti-Furga, Peter J. Scambler, Robin M. Winter
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Diagnostic rigid and flexible oesophagoscopy in carcinoma of the oesophagus: a comparison.
Authors: L R Murmu
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Accuracy of the typical computed tomographic appearances of fibrosing alveolitisWe read with interest the paper by K T Tung and colleagues (April 1993;48:334-8) investigating the accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-albeit the combined views of two highly experienced chest CT radiologists-versus conventional chest radiography in discriminating between fibrosing alveolitis and other diffuse lung
The Shed Ectodomain of Nr-CAM Stimulates Cell Proliferation and Motility, and Confers Cell Transformation
Authors: Maralice Conacci-Sorrell, Anna Kaplan, Shani Raveh, Nancy Gavert, Takeshi Sakurai, Avri Ben-Ze'ev
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Nr-CAM, a cell-cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule family, known for its function in neuronal outgrowth and guidance, was recently identified as a target gene of β-catenin signaling in human melanoma and colon carcinoma cells and tissue. Retrovirally mediated transduction of Nr-CAM into fibroblasts induces cell motility and tumorigenesis. We investigated the mechanisms by which Nr-CAM can confer properties related to tumor cell behavior and found that Nr-CAM expression in NIH3T3 cells protects cells from apoptosis in the absence of serum by constitutively activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AKT signaling pathways. We detected a metalloprotease-mediated shedding of Nr-CAM into the culture medium of cells transfected with Nr-CAM, and of endogenous Nr-CAM in B16 melanoma cells. Conditioned medium and purified Nr-CAM-Fc fusion protein both enhanced cell motility, proliferation, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AKT activation. Moreover, Nr-CAM was found in complex with α4β1 integrins in melanoma cells, indicating that it can mediate, in addition to homophilic cell-cell adhesion, heterophilic adhesion with extracellular matrix receptors. Suppression of Nr-CAM levels by small interfering RNA in B16 melanoma inhibited the adhesive and tumorigenic capacities of these cells. Stable expression of the Nr-CAM ectodomain in NIH3T3 cells conferred cell transformation and tumorigenesis in mice, suggesting that the metalloprotease-mediated shedding of Nr-CAM is a principal route for promoting oncogenesis by Nr-CAM. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11605-12)
How to cope with pathogenic long-lived plasma cells in autoimmune diseases
Authors: B F Hoyer, I M Mumtaz, T Yoshida, F Hiepe, A Radbruch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Recently, it has been shown that plasma cells secreting antibodies can be long lived and as such constitute an independent component of immunological memory. They are generated in the context of memory immune reactions and migrate to the bone marrow, where they persist for years and decades. Their survival is dependent on receiving distinct signals provided by cells forming a plasma cell survival niche. They also can migrate to, and survive in, inflamed tissue. In autoimmune diseases long-lived plasma cells secreting autoantibodies provide an as yet unmet therapeutic challenge, because they are resistant to conventional treatments, in particular to immunosuppression and anti-inflammatory drugs. They are eliminated by immunoablation with antithymocyte globulin. This may be the reason why immunoablation followed by reconstitution of the patient's immune system from haematopoietic stem cells induces long-term remissions in many patients with autoimmune diseases. However, more specific treatments for the elimination of autoreactive, long-lived plasma cells are needed, to avoid the complete temporary immunoincomptence induced by immunoablation, and to decipher the role of long-lived autoreactive plasma cells in human autoimmune diseases in more detail.
Chemical analysis and biological testing of a polar fraction of ambient air, diesel engine, and gasoline engine particulate extracts.
Authors: M Strandell, S Zakrisson, T Alsberg, R Westerholm, L Winquist, U Rannug
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Extracts of gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust and ambient air particles were fractionated into five fractions according to polarity on a silica gel column. Two medium polar fractions showing high genotoxic activity in the Ames test were further subfractionated, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Chemical analyses were performed by means of gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry and flame ionization and detection. The crude extracts, fractions, and subfractions were assayed with the Ames test, with and without S9, and the most abundant compounds in the subfractions are reported.
Fetoscopy – A new endoscopic approach
Authors: R. Rauskolb
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

A total of 105 fetoscopies were performed either prior to therapeutic abortions or, in 29 cases, for diagnostic purposes. In these latter cases the fetuses were at increased risk for congenital syndromes, limb deformities, cleft lip and palate or neural-tube defects. The procedure is performed transabdominally under local anaesthesia. The studies confirmed the practicability of the fetoscopic technique as described. Done under direct vision, using simultaneous real-time ultrasound-scanning, the fetoscope can be introduced without damage to fetus and placenta. In diagnostic cases, a total visualization of the entire fetus is not always necessary, as recognition and examination of specific fetal parts is often sufficient for prenatal diagnosis. Viewed in this way, the rate of diagnostic fetoscopies reached 78%. In these cases, the targets chosen for inspection could, in fact, be reached by the fetoscope. A total inspection of the fetus was aimed at in those fetoscopies performed prior to planned abortions in order to gain practice, and this was achieved in 42% of cases. In 5 of the 29 patients already mentioned, the pregnancy was terminated immediately after fetoscopy, and in 24 cases pregnancy was continued. Abortions have so far been recorded in 4 cases, not all of which were necessarily due to the fetoscopy, however. In general, fetoscopy appears to hold less danger for mother and child than had previously been anticipated.
The 2011 Cancer Theme Issue
Authors: Robert A. McNutt
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The role of seromucoid estimations in the investigation of haematemesis
Authors: E. Cameron, A. Campbell, W. Plenderleith
Journal: Gut (1962)

This paper reports the role of seromucoid estimations in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Oesophageal varices, peptic ulcer, and carcinoma of the stomach tend to be divided by low, normal, and high levels respectively.
Osteoarthritis and Knee Pain
Authors: Peter A. Simkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters16 April 2002Osteoarthritis and Knee PainPeter A. Simkin, MDPeter A. Simkin, MDUniversity of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195-6428 (Simkin)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Felson and colleagues reported that self-reports of knee pain correlated highly with increased intraosseous water in the distal femur and proximal tibia on magnetic resonance imaging (1). Although their study is a useful contribution to the literature, it raises several concerns.The authors did not distinguish between focal fluid collections in subchondral cysts and the more diffuse lesions described as “marrow edema.” Therefore, the same cysts used in the staging of osteoarthritis on plain radiographs presumably counted as marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. It seems appropriate to ask whether the different lesions of “cysts” and “edema” ...References1. Felson DT, Chaisson CE, Hill CL, Totterman SM, Gale ME, Skinner KM, et al . The association of bone marrow lesions with pain in knee osteoarthritis. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:541-9. [PMID: 11281736] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lane NE, Oehlert JW, Bloch DA, Fries JF. The relationship of running to osteoarthritis of the knee and hip and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine: a 9 year longitudinal study. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:334-41. [PMID: 9489830] MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Arnoldi CC, Djurhuus JC, Heerfordt J, Karle A. Intraosseous phlebography, intraosseous pressure measurements and 99mTc-polyphosphate scintigraphy in patients with various painful conditions in the hip and knee. Acta Orthop Scand. 1980;51:19-28. [PMID: 0007376840] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Peter A. Simkin, MDAffiliations: University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195-6428 (Simkin) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Association of Bone Marrow Lesions with Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis David T. Felson , Christine E. Chaisson , Catherine L. Hill , Saara M.S. Totterman , M. Elon Gale , Katherine M. Skinner , Lewis Kazis , and Daniel R. Gale Osteoarthritis and Knee Pain David T. Felson and Daniel Gale Metrics 16 April 2002Volume 136, Issue 8Page: 630KeywordsArthralgiaBoneBone marrowEdemaFatsKneesLesionsMagnetic resonance imagingOsteoarthritisOsteoporosis ePublished: 16 April 2002 Issue Published: 16 April 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
ABPI supports generic concept
Authors: A. Clough
Journal: BMJ (2010)

McCartney states that the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) “is clearly sensing a squeeze on the branded drugs market” on the basis of two recent news stories.1

The first is a campaign, mounted by Norgine, to denounce the current consultation on generic substitution being run by the Department of Health. Norgine is not a …
A Pathologist Drives Home
Authors: Srinivas Mandavilli
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serological and genetic characterization of a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G anti-DNA idiotype.
Authors: M R Ehrenstein, C M Longhurst, D S Latchman, D A Isenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

This study analyzed the distribution of an idiotype, B3-Id, in patients with active SLE, classified according to organ involvement, normal controls, and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases. A polyclonal anti-idiotype was raised by immunizing a rabbit with a monoclonal IgG anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody, B3, generated from a patient with SLE who had active arthritis. The idiotype is present on the lambda chain and is at or near the binding site for double-stranded DNA. The lambda chain, which was characterized by nucleotide sequencing, was 90% homologous to the V lambda 2.1 germline, which is known to be involved in coding for nephritogenic anti-DNA antibodies carrying the 8.12 idiotype. There were four changes to positively charged amino acids, known to be involved in DNA binding, in the complementarity determining regions of B3 lambda chain compared with a non-DNA binding, 8.12 positive antibody, PV11. Only one change to a positively charged amino acid occurs in the heavy chain of B3, which is 93.5% homologous to VH-26. The B3-Id was present on IgG antibodies in the serum of 20% of patients with SLE but was not found in the normal controls. Within the SLE group, there is a statistically significant association of B3-Id on IgG in the arthritis group (42%) compared to the other manifestations (9%) (P < 0.001). In four B3-Id-positive SLE patients tested serially, the level of B3-Id reflected the arthritis disease activity more closely than the overall disease activity (P < 0.05). The B3-Id was also present on IgM antibodies in one third of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This idiotype is the first to be derived from a human monoclonal anti-DNA antibody of the IgG class, the isotype associated with active disease. Sequence analysis shows that positively charged amino acids on the lambda chain may contribute to DNA binding.
Abstract 3499: CD56 targeted chimeric antigen receptors for immunotherapy of multiple myeloma
Authors: Reuben Benjamin, Maud Condomines, Gertrude Gunset, Michel Sadelain
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We have developed an adoptive T cell therapy strategy for treating multiple myeloma using chimeric antigen receptors targeting CD56. CD56 is strongly expressed by malignant plasma cells in 70% of patients with myeloma and represents a potential immunotherapy target. CD56 is also expressed at lower levels on normal tissue types including neuronal cells, NK cells and a subset of activated T cells. A second generation CAR was constructed containing the scFv of the murine monoclonal antibody against human CD56 (N901) as well as the CD28 transmembrane and cytoplasmic signaling domains. CD56 CAR cells were generated by retroviral transduction of human T cells and showed antigen dependent proliferation and cytokine secretion in vitro when stimulated with CD56 positive myeloma cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed significant lysis (40-50% lysis at effector to target ratios &amp;gt; 5:1) of CD56 positive myeloma cell lines compared with a control prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted CAR. To further assess the antitumor activity of CD56 CARs in vivo we developed a systemic xenograft model of myeloma by injecting the OPM2 myeloma cell line, modified to express the firefly luciferase gene, intravenously into NOD/SCID Il2rαnull mice. Bioluminescence imaging showed tumor progression predominantly within the bone marrow recapitulating the human disease phenotype. If untreated hind limb paralysis occurred at approximately 35 days following injection of 3x106 tumor cells. Cohorts of mice were then treated by intravenous injection of either 1 or 5 x106 CD56 CAR cells or control PSMA CAR cells at 7 days following tumor injection, when disease was firmly established. At the 1x106 T cell dose tumor development was significantly delayed compared to controls (median survival of 49 days compared with 34 days respectively, p=0.02) but 7/8 mice eventually progressed and had to be euthanised. In contrast all mice receiving 5x106 cells (n=8) showed complete tumor regression and remained tumor free at 3 months. Interferon-α secreting CD56 CAR cells were detected in the peripheral blood of these mice and correlated with tumor bulk with numbers eventually declining to low levels that persisted even at 3 months. These results demonstrate for the first time the impressive anti-tumor efficacy of a CD56 targeted chimeric antigen receptor in a systemic xenograft model of myeloma. CD56 CAR therapy therefore represents an attractive immunotherapy option and its use in patients with relapsed refractory myeloma should be considered. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3499. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3499
POW-turned-physician pilots revised course
Authors: Donald E. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A physician now working in South Carolina is among those persons who can discuss torture from the personal perspective of having been its victim. Nearly 20 years ago, on Sept 4, 1966, Thomas M. McNish—then a fighter pilot in the US Air Force and still a professional military officer—was shot down over North Vietnam while approaching a target 12 miles from Hanoi, the capital. He ejected from his F-105 "Thunderchief" jet fighter-bomber at a speed of more than 500 miles per hour. For the next 6 1/2 years, McNish was held captive by the North Vietnamese. While a prisoner, he was a victim of torture. After his release, he attended medical school and completed a residency in family medicine. Still in the Air Force and now a lieutenant colonel, McNish is commander of the military hospital on the base at Myrtle Beach, SC. He recently talked to MEDICAL NEWS &amp;
Availability, price and affordability of anti-tuberculosis drugs in Europe: a TBNET survey
Authors: Gunar Günther, Gabriela B. Gomez, Christoph Lange, Stephan Rupert, Frank van Leth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Data on availability and cost of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in relation to affordability at national level are scarce. We performed a cross-sectional study on availability and cost of anti-TB drugs at major TB-reference centres in 37 European countries. Costs of standardised treatment regimens used for pan-sensitive TB, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, pre-extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, and XDR-TB were compared using a purchasing power analysis. Affordability was evaluated in relation to monthly national gross domestic products per capita (GDP). At least one second-line injectable and either moxifloxacin or levofloxacin were available in all countries. Linezolid and clofazimine were available in 79% and 46% of the countries, respectively. Drug cost for XDR-TB was three-times more expensive than those for MDR-TB. The average price of treatment for pan-sensitive TB represented a maximum of 8.5% of the monthly GDP across countries, while for standard MDR-TB treatment this was &lt;30% in only six countries and more than 100% in four countries. Treatment of XDR-TB represented more than 100% of a month's GDP in all countries where the regimen was available. High cost and limited availability of drugs for treatment of drug-resistant TB, particularly beyond resistance to first-line drugs, are a major impediment to successful TB control in Europe.
The immunosuppressant 15-deoxyspergualin [correction of 1,5-deoxyspergualin] reveals commonality between preT and preB cell differentiation.
Authors: B Wang, C Benoist, D Mathis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

15 [correction of 1,5] deoxyspergualin (DSG) is a potent immunosuppressant whose mechanism of action is still somewhat of a mystery. We have studied the generation of lymphocytes in mice treated with this drug. The differentiation of T cells in the thymus was blocked at an important early control point: the CD4-8- --&amp;gt; CD4+8+ transition, known to depend on the expression of a preTCR complex that includes the variable TCR-beta, but not TCR-alpha, chain. In clear contrast, a later control point, the CD4+8+ --&amp;gt; CD4+8- or CD4-8+ transition, dependent on the display of a conventional alpha:beta TCR complex, appeared unaffected, as did activation of mature T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, preB cell differentiation in the bone marrow was blocked at a precisely equivalent point: the A-C --&amp;gt; C' transition, controlled by expression of a pre-receptor complex containing the Ig heavy, but not light, chain. Mature B cells seemed unperturbed. These findings have theoretical implications, suggesting common signaling pathways in early lymphocytes that are distinct from those employed by more mature cells, and are also of practical interest, to be considered in the design of DSG treatment protocols.