tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Type I, Type II, and Type III Gaps in Bundle-Branch Conduction
Authors: ABDUL S. AGHA, AGUSTIN CASTELLANOS, DAVID WELLS, MELVIN D. ROSS, BENJAMIN BEFELER, ROBERT J. MYERBURG
Journal: Circulation (1973)

"Gaps" in bundle-branch conduction were observed in three patients using the combined technic of premature atrial stimulation and His bundle recordings. In type I gap a complete LBBB pattern disappeared at shorter coupling intervals because the premature atrial impulses encountered enough delay at the A-V node to reach the left bundle branch after the end of its effective refractory period. When this occurred, the H 1 -H 2 intervals were longer and the H 2 -V 2 intervals shorter than that at which complete LBBB had been present. In type II gap a complete RBBB pattern disappeared at shorter coupling intervals because the premature atrial impulses were so delayed within the proximal His-Purkinje system that they reached the right bundle branch after the end of its effective refractory period. When this occurred the H 1 -H 2 intervals were shorter and the H 2 -V 2 longer than that at which complete RBBB had been present. In the patient with type III gap and complete LBBB, conduction to the ventricles through the right branch failed at long coupling intervals but was resumed at shorter coupling intervals while the H 1 -H 2 intervals were shorter, and the H 2 -V 2 intervals similar, to those at which block had occurred. True supernormal conduction was excluded in the first two cases. Nevertheless, this phenomenon, as well as a longitudinal dissociation, varying pulsatile vagal discharges acting on an area of depressed conductivity, and phase 4 diastolic depolarization in the right branch coexisting with complete block in the left branch, could have been responsible for type III gap.
Care of children in general practice.
Authors: P Allington-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The frequency of subclinical infection is at this stage difficult to project.Testing of "normal" sera with a rather arbitrary haemagglutinating antigen2 may unearth anti- body but, if there can be antigen sharing among Gram-negative organisms its specificity may also be in doubt.In the end there has to be some relation to the clinical disease.Another survey3 of over 2000 persons from various population groups in the Nottingham area, which has experienced the disease, showed antibody as measured by specific fluorescence in only 31 (15 °O) Rapid identification of legionella from patient material is very necessary.Bacteriological methods of culture have been described' and further selective media are under study.
Meningococcal Disease Due to Virulent Group C Organisms.
Authors: J. A. Reinarz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Meningococcal Disease Due to Virulent Group C Organisms.J. A. Reinarz, M.D., F.A.C.P., M. A. Apicella, M.D., C. Ellenbogen, M.D., B. T. Fields Jr., M.D.J. A. Reinarz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, M. A. Apicella, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. Ellenbogen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, B. T. Fields Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-797_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNumerous reports attest to the low mortality and benignancy of appropriately treated meningococcal disease (MD). Recent data suggest that susceptibles lack serum antibody presumably because of no prior antigenic exposure. In 1969, 18 patients with MD were diagnosed. Mortality was 22%, all with shock and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. However, significant complications occurred in 66% and included pericarditis and tamponade (two), myocarditis (eight), meningococcal pneumonia (two), septic arthritis (one), delayed resolution and severe organic brain syndrome (one), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (one). Meningitis was present in 50% on admission. All were promptly treated with high doses of penicillin and close monitoring of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. A. Reinarz, M.D., F.A.C.P.; M. A. Apicella, M.D.; C. Ellenbogen, M.D.; B. T. FieldsJr., M.D.Affiliations: Lackland Air Force Base, Tex. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 797-797KeywordsCoagulopathyMeningitisMeningococcal diseaseMortalityMuscular dystrophiesMyocarditisPenicillinPneumoniaShockSubarachnoid hemorrhage ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
P1-07-07: Assessing Two Methods of Meta-Analysis in Studies of Patients with Breast Cancer: Individual Patient Data-Based (IPD) Versus Literature Based Abstracted Data (AD) in 5 Meta-Analyses Including over 28,000 Patients. Are There Results Differences of Concern?
Authors: RJ Gralla, E Bria, H Raftopoulos, I Sperduti, D Giannarelli, F Cognetti
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Meta-analyses are widely used to provide high level evidence to resolve controversies. Differences of opinion continue concerning the two most frequently used methods (IPD and AD) and their roles in providing reliable recommendations for Evidence-Based Medicine. Some regard the IDP method as being more accurate, yet it is time-consuming, expensive, and can be troubled by getting data from all investigators. We tested whether overall conclusions would differ between the two methods when using the same studies for comparison. To overcome limitations related to simple correlation analysis, and: 1) to weigh the agreement between these 2 approaches (Bland-Altman [BA], Lancet 1986), and 2) to evaluate the eventual predictive role of the data coming from AD over IPD, an analysis with multiple methods was performed. Methods: 5 meta-analyses in breast cancer examining 9 outcomes which had been subjected to IPD meta-analysis were selected. Literature-based AD meta-analyses were then conducted. Hazard Ratios (HR) and Risk Ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted or derived from original meta-analyses. At least 90% of patients’ reports were required for the IDP analysis. Methods agreement was analyzed according to the BA method, as difference or ratios, and a comparison with the Variance-Ratio test (F-test), and the Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) was done. Correlations between IPD/AD-ratios were estimated using a linear regression model with Pearson (r) and R2 coefficients (parametric) and Spearman's Rho/Kendall's Tau coefficient (non-parametric), to derive a predictive estimation on IPD when adopting AD. MedCalc® Software was used. Results: 9 outcomes in 5 meta-analyses (28,358 patients) were analyzed, as seen in the table. Graphical comparison between the deviation from the ‘line of identity’ identified with the B-A method did not show meaningful differences between AD and IPD (mean difference −0.01535, 95% CI −0.0315, 0.0008; mean ratio 0.9816, 95% CI 0.9625, 1.0008). No significant difference in the Variance (F-test 1.01, p=0.98), and a high concordance (CCC 0.9775, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99) were found. A highly significant correlation by both parametric and non-parametric tests allowed derivation of a linear regression equation able to predict estimation IPD results from AD data; R2 0.97, p&amp;lt;0.001. Conclusions: When analyzing the results of studies (AD) or patient results from those same studies (IDP) we found: 1) No significant or meaningful differences between the 2 meta-analysis methods; and 2) Data from the AD analyses are able to predict those from IPD, without significant risk of overestimation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-07.
Interferon-α in Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Patrick Marcellin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 June 1998Interferon-α in Chronic Hepatitis CPatrick Marcellin, MDPatrick Marcellin, MDHopital Beaujon; Clichy, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We believe that in cirrhotic patients, as clearly shown in Bruno and colleagues' observation, a sustained response to interferon-α2a therapy does not eliminate the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. We agree that these patients, and all cirrhotic patients, should be carefully monitored for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, we think that in patients without cirrhosis who have a sustained response, the risk for developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is probably extremely low. Of course, further studies on larger populations with a longer follow-up are needed to assess the long-term outcome of patients after interferon-α therapy. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hopital Beaujon; Clichy, France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 11Page: 956KeywordsChronic hepatitis CCirrhosisHepatocellular carcinomaPopulation statistics Issue Published: 1 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effectiveness of Antidepressant Drugs: A Triple-Blind Study Comparing Imipramine, Desipramine, and Placebo
Authors: ABRAHAM HELLER, RORRY ZAHOUREK, H. G. WHITTINGTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors made a triple-blind comparison of placebo, imipramine, and desipramine in severely depressed hospitalized psychiatric patients. They found that both drugs were superior to placebo, that imipramine was the drug of choice in treating these patients, and that imipramine was superior to desipramine and placebo in the rapidity of action and in the degree of improvement noted.
Book Review Anemia of Chronic Disease (Basic and Clinical Oncology. Vol. 30.) Edited by Günter Weiss, Victor R. Gordeuk, and Chaim Hershko. 752 pp., illustrated. Boca Raton, Fla., CRC Press, 2005. $199.95. 0-8247-5972-9
Authors: Sylvia S. Bottomley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Perceptual variation, realism, and relativization, or: How I learned to stop worrying and love variations in color vision
Authors: Jonathan Cohen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract In many cases of variation in color vision, there is no nonarbitrary way of choosing between variants. Byrne &amp; Hilbert insist that there is an unknown standard for choosing, whereas eliminativists claim that all the variants are erroneous. A better response relativizes colors to perceivers, thereby providing a color realism that avoids the need to choose between variants.
Massive liver growth in mice induced by systemic interleukin 6 administration
Authors: Teresa A. Zimmers, Iain H. McKillop, Robert H. Pierce, Joo-Yeon Yoo, Leonidas G. Koniaris
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The multifunctional cytokine interleukin 6 (IL–6) is expressed in a wide variety of disease states and pathologic processes. Mice deficient in IL–6 display abnormal and delayed liver regeneration and repair. Currently, IL–6 is thought to influence liver growth indirectly by priming hepatocytes to respond to growth factors such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by inducing expression of HGF and by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis, as distinct from the direct mitotic effects of IL–6 on myeloid and other cell types. Here, we show that systemic administration of IL–6 using CHO cell tumors in nude mice results in dramatic hepatomegaly and hepatocyte hyperplasia in the absence of liver injury. Liver mass and liver to body mass ratios increased to 2 to 3 times normal because of proliferation of hepatocytes. Liver growth was associated with high levels of serum IL–6 and with activation of the IL–6–signaling pathway, including increased expression of IL–6 receptor–α/gp80, activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription–3 (STAT–3), and mitogen–activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK)–signaling pathways and induction of downstream target genes, including c–myc . HGF receptor and transforming growth factor α (TGF–α)/epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor activation were decreased in hypertrophied livers, suggesting that IL–6–induced liver growth was independent of these known hepatocyte mitotic pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that IL–6 may function as a direct hepatic mitogen in vivo and, furthermore, that IL–6 warrants closer examination as a potent liver growth factor with potential clinical utility for increasing liver mass following injury.
Impact of Preoperative Anemia on Outcome in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Alexander Kulier, Jack Levin, Rita Moser, Gudrun Rumpold-Seitlinger, Iulia Cristina Tudor, Stephanie A. Snyder-Ramos, Patrick Moehnle, Dennis T. Mangano
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The risk of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing heart surgery has not been described precisely. Specifically, the impact of low hemoglobin per se or combined with other risk factors on postoperative outcome is unknown. Thus, we determined the effects of low preoperative hemoglobin and comorbidities on postoperative adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery bypass graft in a large comprehensive multicenter study. Methods and Results— The Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia investigated 5065 patients with coronary artery bypass graft at 70 institutions worldwide, collecting ≈7500 data points per patient. In 4804 patients who received no preoperative transfusions, we determined the association between lowest preoperative hemoglobin levels and in-hospital cardiac and noncardiac morbidity and mortality and the impact of concomitant risk factors, assessed by EuroSCORE, on this effect. In patients with EuroSCORE &lt;4 (n=2054), only noncardiac outcomes were increased, whereas patients with EuroSCORE ≥4 (n=2750) showed an increased incidence of all postoperative events, starting at hemoglobin &lt;11 g/dL. Low preoperative hemoglobin was an independent predictor for noncardiac (renal&gt;cerebral; P &lt;0.001) outcomes, whereas the increase in cardiac events was due to other factors associated with preoperative anemia. Conclusions— Anemic patients undergoing cardiac surgery have an increased risk of postoperative adverse events. Importantly, the extent of preexisting comorbidities substantially affects perioperative anemia tolerance. Therefore, preoperative risk assessment and subsequent therapeutic strategies, such as blood transfusion, should take into account both the individual level of preoperative hemoglobin and the extent of concomitant risk factors.
Endoscopic Finding of an Intramural Haemorrhage in the Duodenum under Anticoagulant Therapy with Phenprocoumon
Authors: R. Botzler, Th. Wagner, U. Ritter
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

We report a case of intramural haemorrhage in the duodenum, which was diagnosed by endoscopy and clinical findings. The typical endoscopic findings are described and illustrated. Different causes of intramural haemorrhage of the gut are discussed.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Right Kidney on FDG PET-CT
Authors: Linh Ho, Homayoun Modarresifar, Robert Henderson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report the PET-CT appearance of a newly diagnosed, biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma of the right kidney in a 61-year-old man who presented with hematuria. This is a rare tumor, with few cases reported in the literature. The patient subsequently underwent right nephrectomy shortly after the initial staging PET-CT study.
Ebola Virus Matrix Protein VP40 Uses the COPII Transport System for Its Intracellular Transport
Authors: Seiya Yamayoshi, Takeshi Noda, Hideki Ebihara, Hideo Goto, Yuko Morikawa, Igor S. Lukashevich, Gabriele Neumann, Heinz Feldmann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
Using brown snakes to organise patient-free days
Authors: J. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (2003)

External clinical teaching visits are an important component of general practitioner training in Australia. During these sessions, a senior general practitioner observes a registrar's consultations and reviews the surgery's equipment, policies, and procedures. Structured feedback is given to assist registrar learning. Visiting remote regions to perform external clinical teaching has its challenges. I recount here a story of when I visited a solo general practitioner registrar who worked in a small rural village in the rugged forested hinterland of the coast of New South Wales.

I was impressed by the surgery's peaceful character. It was an old converted …
Incidence, treatment, and outcome of severe sepsis in ICU-treated adults in Finland: the Finnsepsis study
Authors: Sari Karlsson, Marjut Varpula, Esko Ruokonen, Ville Pettilä, Ilkka Parviainen, Tero I. Ala-Kokko, Elina Kolho, Esa M. Rintala
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Implementation of the Abortion Act: Report on a Year's Working of Abortion Clinics and Operating Sessions
Authors: A. E. R. Buckle, M. M. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The results of the first year's working of abortion clinics and operating sessions are reported. Seventy-eight per cent. of patients were managed on the basis of day admission and 20% were able to leave the hospital within four hours, operation having been carried out by either Karman catheter or by Bierer suction curette under paracervical block. These results were possible because of quick reference of patients to the clinics and the absence of delay in admission for operation.The measures detailed go some way towards managing the abortion problem within the hospital service; similar arrangements could be instituted elsewhere by the responsible regional hospital boards.
The American Blood Supply
Authors: Edgar H. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This small volume, part of a series being produced by the MIT Press, is an original and scholarly monograph authored by a group of individuals with diverse backgrounds. The text, directed toward those who have technical and administrative involvement with blood procurement and utilization in this country, covers topics that extend from the origination of the blood supply and blood procurement from the donor to a discussion of the organizations involved in that procurement. It is apparent from the frank and factual discussion of the logistics and politics of blood providers that the authors are well acquainted with the diverse philosophies in practice in the United States. Supportive statements are made in regard to the American blood system—that it is envisioned to be better than it is occasionally described and that the quality of blood supply is high and carefully monitored. The nonprofit organizations involved in blood collection are described
Differences in betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase expression, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and liver injury between alcohol-fed mice and rats
Authors: Masao Shinohara, Cheng Ji, Neil Kaplowitz
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Chronic ethanol infusion resulted in greater serum alanine aminotransferase elevation, lipid accumulation, necroinflammation, and focal hepatic cell death in mice than rats. Mice exhibited a remarkable hyperhomocysteinemia but no increase was seen in rats. Similarly, a high-methionine low-folate diet (HMLF) induced less steatosis, serum alanine aminotransferase increase, and hyperhomocysteinemia in rats than in mice. Western blot analysis of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) expression showed that rats fed either ethanol or HMLF had significantly increased BHMT expression, which did not occur in mice. Nuclear factor-κB p65 was increased in mouse in response to alcohol feeding. The human BHMT promoter was repressed by homocysteine in mouse hepatocytes but not rat hepatocytes. BHMT induction was faster and greater in primary rat hepatocytes than mouse hepatocytes in response to exogenous homocysteine exposure. Mice fed ethanol intragastrically exhibited an increase in glucose-regulated protein 78 and inositol-requiring enzyme 1, which was not seen in the rat, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 was increased to a greater extent in mice than rats. Thus, rats are more resistant to ethanol-induced steatosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and hyperhomocysteinemia, and this correlates with induction of BHMT in rats. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that a critical factor in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury is the enhanced ability of rat or impaired ability of mouse to up-regulate BHMT which prevents hyperhomocysteinemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and liver injury. (Hepatology 2010.)
The magic roundabout
Authors: Peter Lapsley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

It is 2015, and what goes around has come around several times in the past 10 years. Back in 2005, Zebedee, or whoever it was who spun the magic roundabout from the Department of Health, seemed confused about the difference between change and progress. Change produced instant good-news stories but constant disruption within the health service. Progress was boring.

So, Dougal the doctor, Florence the nurse, and Ermintrude the practice manager scuttled around reorganising everything. They went from general practice fundholding, through primary care trust commissioning, to practice based commissioning. Primary care trusts merged to become what had been known previously as strategic health authorities. Then, in 2008, Zebedee, convinced that giving most of the health budget to primary care was a recipe for inequity, pulled much of it back to be controlled centrally.

The target set by Zebedee in 2005, that anyone who wanted to see a doctor should be able to do so within two days, proved hopeless, making it more difficult for working patients to get appointments rather than easier. So it was scrapped and the status quo restored. In 2009, after several years of huffing and puffing …
Avastin is as effective as Lucentis in treating wet age related macular degeneration, study finds
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Off-label use of an anticancer drug has been found, by a UK trial, to be as effective as a much more expensive and specially formulated treatment that is licensed and recommended for wet age related macular degeneration.

The two year trial, funded by the Health Technology Assessment Programme of the National Institute for Health Research, found that ranibizumab (Lucentis) and bevacizumab (Avastin) were equally effective in treating neovascular or wet age related macular degeneration, the most common cause of blindness in older adults. At least 23 000 diagnoses of wet age related macular degeneration are made in UK older people each year, and without treatment two thirds of these people will experience severe sight loss within two years.

Ranibizumab and bevacizumab were developed by Genentech, which became part of Roche.1 Novartis has the licence for ranibizumab outside the United States. Bevacizumab was developed as an anticancer drug that works by inhibiting the growth of blood vessels.

Ranibizumab, with a different molecular structure but similar mode of action, was developed …