tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac and peripheral arterial responses to isoprenaline challenge
Authors: D. E FITZGERALD, A. M O'SHAUGHNESSY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Changes in 1) heart rate, 2) brachial blood pressure, and 3) ankle systolic blood pressure, have been measured together with 4) diameter, 5) mean blood velocity, and 6) mean volume flow in the common femoral and posterior tibial arteries in normal volunteers following intravenous infusions of isoprenaline. A total of 70 studies in 15 normal volunteers were carried out using a sequence of three increasing doses of isoprenaline. Significant increases were observed in 1) heart rate, 2) brachial systolic blood pressure, and 3) femoral artery diameter, mean blood velocity and volume flow (p less than 0.001). Significant decreases were observed in 4) brachial diastolic pressure, and 5) ankle systolic pressure (p less than 0.001). In the posterior tibial artery, the diameter increased significantly at the highest isoprenaline dose but changes in velocity and volume were not significant. This investigation shows reproducible cardiovascular responses to intravenous isoprenaline in normal volunteers. Different responses were observed between the common femoral and posterior tibial arteries. Blood flow volume and velocity increased significantly in the femoral artery, whilst there was a trend towards an increase in volume blood flow with a decrease in velocity blood flow in the posterior tibial artery site. This difference between the two peripheral arteries is presumably due to a difference in the area of supply of the two arteries, the larger vessel predominately supplying muscle and the smaller vessel skin. Thus there may be either a different pattern of reflex outflow activity, and/or differences in the beta-adrenoceptor population of the sites supplied by the femoral and posterior tibial arteries.
Preliminary observations on the role of magnetic resonance imaging for polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
Authors: L D Kaufman, B L Gruber, D P Gerstman, A T Kaell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The potential use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for inflammatory muscle disorders was evaluated in 13 patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Abnormalities in signal intensity (p = 0.0076) and fat replacement (p = 0.0177) were identified and correlated significantly with clinical disease activity. In addition, MRI was useful in directing muscle biopsy of selected abnormal areas.
Cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract
Authors: R J Donnelly, D J Girling, P M Fayers
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In their letter J G Weil and S J Munday provide further evidence of surgeons' experience as a prognostic factor and in their subsequent editorial S O'Reilly and A Forastiere draw attention to the potential value of multimodality in the management of oesophageal cancer. We wish to emphasise the worldwide paucity of randomised trials in this disease; this could well be delaying improvements in treatment. To help rectify this situation, in 1990 the Medical Research Council's Cancer Therapy Committee set up a working party to conduct a programme of multicentre randomised trials on treatment. This …
Teaching and Non-teaching Hospitals
Authors: R. V. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Because of heavy pressure on our space, correspondents are asked to keep their letters short.Teaching and Non-teaching Hospitals SIR,-At the end of the B.M.A. conference at Oxford a discussion took place on medical education in the non- teaching hospitals.Emphasizing the importance of the subject, the President, Sir George Pickering, took the chair himself.
Hemodynamic Effects of Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: LESLIE A. KUHN, FRANK L. GRUBER, ALBERT FRANKEL, SHERMAN KUPFER
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

The hemodynamic effects of closed-chest extracorporeal circulation were investigated in normal dogs and in dogs subjected to coronary embolization. In both groups, despite delivery of large volumes of blood into the abdominal aorta through peripheral routes, a rise in proximal aortic pressure could not be achieved; to accomplish this it was necessary to increase vascular resistance by balloon obstruction of the lower abdominal aorta, the distal aorta being supplied with superior vena cava blood. The resulting rise in proximal aortic pressure was accompanied by a diminution in calculated left ventricular work.
Virological Findings and Blood Gas Tensions in Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children
Authors: H. Simpson, D. J. Matthew, J. M. Inglis, E. L. George
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Sequential blood gas tensions and pH have been measured in 84 children selected from 486 admitted to hospital during a 15-month period with acute lower respiratory tract infections. Of those selected 73 were treated conservatively and 11 by intermittent positive-pressure ventilation; one infant in the latter group died. Respiratory syncytial virus (R.S.V.) was isolated from 24 out of 62 patients studied and the main pathogen in the most severely affected infants. Statistical analysis showed that age and R.S.V. infection were independent determinants of severity, as reflected by a peak Pco<sub>2</sub> measurement at the height of the illness (age, P &lt; 0·01; R.S.V. 0·05 &gt; P &gt; 0·01).
The effect of sildenafil on human vascular function, platelet activation, and myocardial ischemia
Authors: Julian P.J Halcox, Khaled R.A Nour, Gloria Zalos, Rita Mincemoyer, Myron A Waclawiw, Candido E Rivera, Georgia Willie, Samer Ellahham, Arshed A Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Predicting fetal maturity.
Authors: T Lind
Journal: BMJ (1971)

boy of average height during a current survey; the fact remains that this boy was of average height at the time of our survey.Had we concentrated on boys of above average height (as is often the case in studies involving XYY individuals), this boy would not have been spotted.(2) As our survey is still in progress we deliberately did not extrapolate his height for two reasons: (a) the boy is still under observation and we are hoping to be able to follow his growth as long as possible; (b) we supplied the two measurements in our paper to enable interested readers to do their own extrapolating.-Weare, etc.,
Contrasting features and responses to treatment of severe chronic active liver disease with and without hepatitis BS antigen.
Authors: S W Schalm, W H Summerskill, G L Gitnick, L R Elveback
Journal: Gut (1976)

To determine the clinical implications of HBSAg in severe chronic active liver disease (CALD), patients with HBSAg positive CALD were compared with those chosen by identical clinical, functional, and morphological criteria in whom this test and anti-HBS were negative. HBSAg positive patients were predominantly males over 40 years of age and more frequently failed to respond to conventional treatment programmes with prednisone. HBSAg negative patients were more often female and younger, had a higher incidence of associated immunopathic disease and immunoserological markers in high titre, and more often responded to treatment with full remission of their disease. HBSAg positive patients failing treatment with conventional doses of prednisone often improved with higher doses, but did not reach full remission of their disease. The benefit-risk ratio of both conventional and high doses of prednisone in HBSAg positive severe CALD needs further clarification.
Radiation Management of Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Eleanor D. Montague
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Although advanced tumors of the breast may be technically resectable, radical mastectomy increases the risk of local recurrence, frequently resulting in massive carcinomatosis of the chest wall. The widespread opinion among surgeons that radical surgery offers the only chance for cure is negated by several series which have shown significant five-year survival rates and a high percentage of local control with irradiation alone,<sup>7-9</sup>emphasizing the belief that radical mastectomy should be reserved for the primary procedure in cases with favorable clinical features. Table 1 shows the categories of patients with breast cancer according to the clinical features of the disease. A review of the literature shows that conventional treatment for large masses in the breast or axilla of 4,000 to 5,000 rads in four to five weeks produces only 30% local control.<sup>10</sup>A higher control is achieved with long protracted techniques, perhaps because of better vascularization developing with
Commentary: Importance of empirical evidence
Authors: N Keiding, A Giwercman, E Carlsen, N E Skakkebaek
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Bromwich et al point out that the distribution of sperm count is skewed to the right and that if a differential selection of skewed distributions is applied over the years this will bias the observed time trends. Both of these assertions are correct; indeed, in all 16 of the 61 publications cited in our original overview for which both median and mean were given the median was smaller than the mean, confirming the skewness.1

Bromwich et …
RN181 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth by inhibition of the ERK/MAPK pathway
Authors: Suihai Wang, Xiang Huang, Yue Li, Haimiao Lao, Ying Zhang, Huimin Dong, Weiwen Xu, Ji-Liang Li, Ming Li
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

The activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes by mutations or chronic hepatitis virus infections play key roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we report that RN181, a really interesting new gene finger domain-containing protein, was down-regulated in highly malignant cell lines and in tumor cells of 139 HCC clinical samples in comparison with adjacent normal liver tissues. The expression of RN181 was strongly associated with the pathological grade of HCC. Alterations of the expression of RN181 by retrovirus-transduced up-regulation and short hairpin RNA-mediated down-regulation demonstrated the function of RN181 as a tumor suppressor because it decreased the proliferation and colony formation of HCC cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo by suppressing cell proliferation and enhancing cell apoptosis in xenografted tumors. Proteomic analyses showed that RN181 regulates the expression of many proteins that are important in many cellular processes. Statistical analyses identified 33 proteins with consistent changes (≥2-fold) in RN181-transformed cells. Ten of these proteins were up-regulated by RN181, and 23 were down-regulated. Representative proteins were validated by western blotting. Interaction network investigations revealed that 20 RN181-regulated proteins could integrate several key biological processes such as survival, metabolism, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Remarkably, 11 of the 33 proteins are associated with MAPK signaling in one or more ways. RN181 suppressed the tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in cell lines and in tumor cells of xenografts and HCC clinical samples, and removing the suppression increased tumor growth.We have shown that RN181 suppresses the tumorigenesis of HCC through the inhibition of ERK/MAPK signaling in the liver. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HCC and may help with the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Platelet hyperreactivity and inefficient spontaneous thrombolysis in patients at high risk from an acute coronary event
Authors: N. S PETERS, L. S M ABRAMS, D. S DYMOND, I. B KOVACS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

We conducted a retrospective study to correlate thrombotic variables with the risk from an acute coronary event, using a new in vitro technique, which measures haemostasis, thrombolysis and coagulation from non-anticoagulated blood samples. The analysis was based on data from 63 patients who had undergone exercise radionuclide ventriculography, 50 of whom were considered to be at risk from an acute coronary event because they satisfied at least one of the following three criteria: (1) coronary angiography documented disease, (2) prior myocardial infarction, (3) ventriculography assessed provocable ischaemia. Fifty matched normal subjects were used as controls. Significantly enhanced haemostasis was measured in patients considered at risk from acute coronary event, and haemostatic activity was further increased in patients with provocable ischaemia. Haemostasis in eight patients at risk (provocable ischaemia), who continued with the medication during the test, did not differ significantly from the controls. Greatly reduced spontaneous thrombolytic activity was measured in all patients at risk from acute coronary events. These findings suggest the presence of hyperactive platelets in patients at risk from acute coronary events, with an additional risk of greatly reduced spontaneous thrombolytic activity.
Pathogenic Bacteria Colonizing the Airways in Asymptomatic Neonates Stimulates Topical Inflammatory Mediator Release
Authors: Nilofar V. Følsgaard, Susanne Schjørring, Bo L. Chawes, Morten A. Rasmussen, Karen A. Krogfelt, Susanne Brix, Hans Bisgaard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: Bacterial colonization of neonatal airways with the pathogenic bacterial species, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae, is associated with later development of childhood asthma.Objectives: To study a possible association between colonization with pathogenic bacterial strains and the immune signature of the upper airways in healthy neonates.Methods: A total of 20 cytokines and chemokines were quantified in vivo in the airway mucosal lining fluid of 662 neonates from the Copenhagen Prospective Study of Asthma in Childhood 2010 birth cohort. Colonization of the hypopharynx with M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed simultaneously. The association between immune signatures and bacterial colonization or noncolonized controls was analyzed using conventional statistical methods supplemented by a multivariate approach for pattern identification.Measurements and Main Results: Colonization with M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae induced a mixed T helper cell (Th) type 1/Th2/Th17 response with high levels of IL-1β (M. catarrhalis, P = 2.2 × 10−12; H. influenzae, P = 7.1 × 10−10), TNF-α (M. catarrhalis, P = 1.5 × 10−9; H. influenzae, P = 5.9 × 10−7), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (M. catarrhalis, P = 1.6 × 10−11; H. influenzae, P = 2.7 × 10−7). S. aureus colonization demonstrated a Th17-promoting profile with elevated IL-17 levels (P = 1.6 × 10−24). S. pneumoniae colonization was not significantly associated with any of the mediators.Conclusions: M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae colonization of the airways of asymptomatic neonates is associated with an inflammatory immune response of the airway mucosa, which may result in chronic inflammation.
THE VALUE OF THE VERMIFORM APPENDIX IN THE TREATMENT OF ULCERATIVE AND MEMBRANOUS COLITIS
Authors: J. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1905)

Very severe haematemesis and melaena on many occasions."Is able to digest his food, which he could not do for 1903 Pain very severe.Has lost 2 st. in weight.Large hard mass fifteen years."Has not been sick or brought up any at cardiac end of lesser curvature with many enlarged glands.blood since the operation.Suffers from much disten- Doubtful whether malignant or not.Posterior gastro-jejunos-l sion for two hours after meals.Feels better than he tomy with lateral anastomosis did, but is too weak to do any work.Much troubled by bronchitis.-0o W. H. IM., 50 Nov., Severe pain after food, relieved by vomiting.Brought up blood Is quite a different man since the operation.Enjoys 2903 once.Slight dilatation of stomach, wvith old scar at cardiac end any food without the least pain, and has never been of lesser curvature.Posterior gastro-jej nostomy with lateral sick.anastomosis 2I G. B. M-, 43 Nov., Profuse haematemesis twice.Severe pain after food.Has lost No pain after meals.Never sick.General health very 2903 2 st.Old gastric ulcer, with much induration on lesser curva-good.ture.Posterior gastro-jejunostomy with lateral anastomosis '22 E. A. S., 58 Nov., History of ulcer of stomach for g years.Large mass at pylorus No pain.Never sick.Has put on x2 st.The mass can 2903 adherent to anterior wall of abdomen.Anterior gastro-no longer be felt.jejunostomy with lateral anastomosis -23 E. B. F., 24 Nov., Six years' constant pain after food.No vomiting, mclaena, or Free from pain if careful about diet.Is much stouter.2903 haematemesis.Hourglass stomach with adhesion to anterior Has married since.wall.Posterior gastro-jejanostomy with lateral anastomosis 24 E. H. F., 28 Nov., Persistent vomiting after foodfor six months.Greatlyemaciated.Patient, who was suffering from a peculiar form of osteo-2903 Dilated thin-walled stomach with nodular cicatricial pylorus.arthritis, improved very much for about a year, and Same operation then began to fail again, with occasional attacks ofpain l and vomiting; cause uncertain.
Effects of Perindopril and Carvedilol on Endothelium-Dependent Vascular Functions in Patients With Diabetes and Hypertension
Authors: Dario Giugliano, Raffaele Marfella, Rita Acampora, Riccardo Giunta, Ludovico Coppola, Felice D'Onofrio
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of the ACE inhibitor perindopril and the β-blocker carvedilol on blood pressure and endothelial functions in N1DDM patients with hypertension. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a double-blind randomized trial in 26 patients with NIDDM and mild hypertension. A 4-week run-in placebo period preceded the active 12-week treatment with perindopril (4–8 mg daily) or carvedilol (25–50 mg daily). Endothelial functions were assessed by evaluating the hemodynamic (mean blood pressure, leg blood flow) and rheological (platelet aggregation, blood viscosity, and blood filterability) responses to an intravenous bolus of 3 g L-arginine, the natural precursor of nitric oxide. RESULTS Both perindopril and carvedilol significantly reduced mean blood pressure (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and increased leg blood flow (P &amp;lt; 0.05) to the same extent; blood filterability remained unchanged in both perindopril- and carvedilol-treated groups. Carvedilol reduced platelet aggregation and blood viscosity significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but perindopril did not. Before treatment, the hemodynamic and rheologic responses to L-arginine were significantly lower in patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05–0.01) than in 20 nondiabetic nonhypertensive control subjects. After 12 weeks of treatment, both drugs normalized the hemodynamic responses to L-arginine. Platelet aggregation response to L-arginine was ameliorated by carvedilol and remained unchanged in the perindopril group. CONCLUSIONS At the doses used, both drugs effectively reduce blood pressure and normalize the hemodynamic responses to L-arginine. The implications of the ameliorated endothelial function for the poor cardiovascular outlook of the NIDDM hypertensive patient need further assessment.
Synergistic anticancer effects of arsenic trioxide with bortezomib in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Hyun Joo Jung, Zheng Chen, Nami McCarty
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) and accounts for ~6% of all lymphomas. MCL is highly refractory to most chemotherapy including newer antibody-based therapeutic approaches, and high-grade MCL has one of the worst survival rates among NHLs. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance of MCL is important. In this article, we tested the effects of arsenic trioxide (As(2) O(3) , ATO) in bortezomib-resistant MCL. ATO is reported to induce complete remission in the patients with relapsed or refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia. Their effects in MCL, however, have not been explored. In this report, we show that ATO effectively inhibited the growth of MCL cells in vitro. ATO treatment also reduced cyclin D1 expression which is a genetic hallmark of MCL and NF-kB expression which was reported to have a prosurvival role in some MCL cells. The induction of apoptosis in MCL was partially due to reduced levels of cyclin D1 and increased levels of apoptosis-related molecules. The antiproliferative effects of bortezomib on MCL greatly increased when the cells were also treated with ATO, indicating ATO can sensitize MCL to bortezomib. Similar results were noted in bortezomib-resistant cell lines. In conclusion, ATO may be an alternative drug for use in combined adjuvant therapies for MCL, and further clinical testing should be performed.
Can component‐resolved diagnosis overturn the current knowledge on vespid allergy?
Authors: C. Incorvaia, M. Mauro, R. I. Monsalve, A. Vega, L. Marqués, A. Miranda, J. Fernández, V. Soriano, S. Cruz, C. Domínguez‐Noche, L. Sánchez‐Morillas, M. Armisen‐Gil, R. Guspí, D. Barber
Journal: Allergy (2012)
Sildenafil Stops Progressive Chamber, Cellular, and Molecular Remodeling and Improves Calcium Handling and Function in Hearts With Pre-Existing Advanced Hypertrophy Caused by Pressure Overload
Authors: Takahiro Nagayama, Steven Hsu, Manling Zhang, Norimichi Koitabashi, Djahida Bedja, Kathleen L. Gabrielson, Eiki Takimoto, David A. Kass
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Activity and Job-Responsibility as Measured by Judgment Behaviour in Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: H. van Dijl
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

In psychosomatic literature concerning myocardial infarction patients (MIPS), these patients are depicted as being overactive and achievement-driven. Another characteristic should be their more than average sense of duty and responsibility toward their work. To test these hypotheses, the mean factor scores on a factor-analytically derived activity and work factor and a job-responsibility factor of 102 MIPS and two healthy control groups were tested for differences. The results lend support to the clinical psychosomatic impressions.
Immune Enhancement of Pulmonary Bactericidal Activity in Murine Virus Pneumonia
Authors: George J. Jakab, Gareth M. Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Bacterial multiplication in the lung associated with murine Sendai virus pneumonia is caused by virus-induced defects in pulmonary bactericidal mechanisms. The nature of this effect has been studied in animals immunized against the challenge bacteria. Mice were immunized against Proteus mirabilis by intraperitoneal inoculation and by aerosol inhalation. After the development of immunity, mice were infected aerogenically with 10(4) TCID(50) of Sendai virus. 7 days later, during the height of the bronchial inflammation and pulmonary consolidation, the mice were challenged with an aerosol of viable (35)S-labeled Proteus mirabilis or (32)P-labeled Staphylococcus aureus.Nonimmunized virus-infected animals showed marked impairment of pulmonary bactericidal activity with subsequent multiplication of the bacterial strain in the case of Proteus mirabilis. Immunized nonvirus-infected animals showed enhancement of pulmonary bactericidal activity for the homologous and heterologous strains in comparison with nonimmunized animals. Virus-infected animals immunized by aerosol showed enhanced bactericidal activity against the homologous but not the heterologous bacterial strain. Neither virus infection nor immunization had a significant effect on the transport of particles in the lung. The data demonstrated that the bacterial multiplication associated with the virus pneumonia was prevented by preceding immunization against the homologous challenge organism. The data suggest a mechanism for controlling bacterial multiplication associated with virus pneumonias.