tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy—Reply
Authors: Barbara C. Jobst, Gregory D. Cascino
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Depression in At-Risk Adolescents and Their Parents—Reply
Authors: Judy Garber
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A small step for the cell, a giant leap for mankind: a hypothesis of neocortical expansion during evolution
Authors: Pasko Rakic
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1995)

The more than 1000-fold increase in the cortical surface without a comparable increase in its thickness during mammalian evolution is explained in the context of the radial-unit hypothesis of cortical development. According to the proposed model, cortical expansion is the result of changes in proliferation kinetics that increase the number of radial columnar units without changing the number of neurons within each unit significantly. Thus, mutation of a regulatory gene(s) that controls the timing and ratio of symmetric and asymmetric modes of cell divisions in the proliferative zone, coupled with radial constraints in the distribution of migrating neurons, could create an expanded cortical plate with enhanced capacity for establishing new patterns of connectivity that are validated through natural selection.
Intensive Immunosuppression in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Stephen L. Hauser, David M. Dawson, James R. Lehrich, M. Flint Beal, Sherwin V. Kevy, Richard D. Propper, John A. Mills, Howard L. Weiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Intensive Immunosuppression in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis — A Randomized, Three-Arm Study of High-Dose Intravenous Cyclophosphamide, Plasma Exchange, and ACTH
An Epitaph for Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Curtis J. Lund
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The author believes that the means for eliminating cervical carcinoma as a cause of death are now available. The program suggested includes, first, application of pelvic examination and exfoliative cytology to all women under 20 years of age who have been pregnant and to all women over 20; second, proper biopsy techniques, and, third, appropriate surgical therapy.
Massive subcutaneous emphysema after attempted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a patient with a history of bariatric gastric bypass surgery
Authors: P. Mosler, E. Fogel
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Subcutaneous emphysema has been reported as a rare complication of diagnostic endoscopic procedures. We report a case of subcutaneous emphysema after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a 56-year-old woman who had previously undergone bariatric Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy and who was suspected to have sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
TRPM Channels Mediate Zinc Homeostasis and Cellular Growth during Drosophila Larval Development
Authors: Plamen Georgiev, Hanneke Okkenhaug, Anna Drews, David Wright, Sachar Lambert, Melanie Flick, Valentina Carta, Cecile Martel, Johannes Oberwinkler, Padinjat Raghu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Defective Melanocortin 4 Receptors in Hyperphagia and Morbid Obesity
Authors: James F. List, Joel F. Habener
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

There has been a dramatic increase in the worldwide prevalence of obesity, a disorder with complex genetic traits that is influenced by environmental factors and that predisposes affected persons to diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and heart attack. Since it has arisen with the increasing availability of easily obtainable calories, this pandemic of obesity is often ascribed to gluttony. If energy balance is taken into account, however, eating behavior can be viewed as controlled by homeostatic mechanisms whereby hormonal signals from adipose tissue provide feedback to neural circuitry to regulate appetite. From this perspective, most weight gain represents . . .
1029 IRON OVERLOAD IS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO DNA IN NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: Y. Takei, N. Fujita, H. Miyachi, J. Tanaka, T. Beppu, H. Tanaka, M. Takeo, N. Yamamoto, K. Sugimoto, M. Iwasa, Y. Kobayashi, K. Shiraki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Epigenetic Manipulation Restores Functions of Defective CD8+ T Cells From Chronic Viral Infection
Authors: Fuqin Zhang, Xiaohui Zhou, Joanna R DiSpirito, Chuan Wang, Ying Wang, Hao Shen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Functional exhaustion of antigen-specific T cells is a defining characteristic of many chronic infections, but the underlying mechanisms of T cell dysfunction are not well understood. Epigenetics plays an important role in the control of T cell development, differentiation, and function. To examine if epigenetics also plays a role in T cell exhaustion, we analyzed chromatin remodeling in CD8(+) T cells from mice with chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. We observed downregulation of diacetylated histone H3 in both virus-specific and total CD8(+) T cells, and functional defects not only in virus-specific CD8(+) T cells but also within the total CD8(+) T cell population. In vitro treatment of these exhausted CD8(+) T cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors restored diacetylated histone H3 levels, and improved their immune functions. Upon adoptive transfer, these treated CD8(+) T cells developed into functional memory T cells in vivo that enhanced protective immunity. These results define a role of epigenetics in T cell exhaustion and suggest epigenetic manipulation as a novel molecular therapy to restore immune functions.
Combined Inhibition of Endothelin and Angiotensin II Receptors Blocks Volume Load–Induced Cardiac Hormone Release
Authors: Hanna Leskinen, Olli Vuolteenaho, Heikki Ruskoaho
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Volume expansion has been shown to increase plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels, but the precise role of paracrine and autocrine factors in stretch-induced cardiac hormone release is not clear. In the present study, we report the effects of endothelin (ET) and angiotensin receptor (AT receptor) antagonists on baseline and atrial stretch–induced immunoreactive ANP (IR-ANP) and immunoreactive N-terminal ANP (IR-NT-ANP) release in vivo by using BQ-123 (ET A receptor antagonist), bosentan (ET A and ET B receptor antagonist), and losartan (AT 1 receptor antagonist). Intravenous administration of BQ-123 had no significant effect on baseline hemodynamics in conscious rats, whereas bosentan (10 mg/kg) and losartan (10 mg/kg) decreased slightly (4 to 7 mm Hg, P &lt;.05 to .001) the mean arterial pressure. Both the ET A receptor antagonist BQ-123 and ET A /ET B receptor antagonist bosentan decreased plasma ANP and NT-ANP responses to volume load ( P &lt;.05 to .001), whereas the AT 1 receptor antagonist losartan had no significant effect on this response. The relative increase in plasma IR-ANP corresponding to a 3 mm Hg increase in right atrial pressure was 2.7-fold in the vehicle-treated group. BQ-123 (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) decreased this response 2.5- and 2.1-fold ( P &lt;.05); bosentan (3 and 10 mg/kg), 1.7-fold ( P &lt;.001) and 1.9-fold ( P &lt;.05); and bosentan (10 mg/kg)+losartan (10 mg/kg), 1.6-fold ( P &lt;.001). The responses in plasma IR-NT-ANP decreased simultaneously. These results indicate that combined inhibition of ET A/B and AT 1 receptors almost completely blocks ANP response to acute volume load. Therefore, our study shows that endogenous paracrine and/or autocrine factors liberated in response to atrial wall stretch rather than myocyte stretch itself are responsible for the activation of ANP peptide secretion in response to acute volume load. Our results also show that ET A receptors are more important in the regulation of mechanical stretch–induced changes in cardiac hormone secretion than AT 1 receptors.
Diagnosis of Chronic Night Cough
Authors: William MacMillan Rodney
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  As an addition to the differential diagnoses offered for Dr Drucker's complaint of month-long, chronic night cough, bronchial asthma may be appropriate. I have seen several adult-onset intrinsic asthmatic patients with the same complaint.  This has been further corroborated by a recently published study by Corrao and his associates 1 at Brown University. They have taken our clinical impressions one step further by reporting hyperreactivity of airways to a methacholine mist in six subjects with similar symptoms. Standard bronchodilators led to resolution in all six patients.  All six patients had a family history of atopic disease. In Dr Drucker's particular case, the family history of cor pulmonale secondary to chronic bronchial asthma and the subsequent demise of his mother at age 45 years may raise the issue of alpha-antitrypsin deficiency.
Prostate Cancer Transmitted in an Orthotopic Heart Transplant
Authors: Paul R. Schloerb
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the article by Dr Loh and colleagues<sup>1</sup>describing transplantation of prostate cancer with a heart transplant, an earlier similar report by Wilson and colleagues<sup>2</sup>appears to have been overlooked. In this report, Wilson et al described inadvertently transplanting a metastatic bronchial carcinoma with a kidney into a 34-year-old father of 9 children. The tumor progressed in the recipient despite radiation therapy and chemotherapy and eventual discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy. However, with removal of the transplanted kidney, the advanced malignant tumor completely regressed. Another kidney transplant was successful, and the tumor did not recur. In the patient described by Loh et al,<sup>1</sup>the option of removal of the transplanted heart to cure the cancer is, to say the least, limited unless another donor could be obtained.
DRESSING FOR SUPRACONDYLARFRACTURES OF THE HUMERUS
Authors: E. L. Eliason
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Following the practice of reducing fractures under the fluoroscope, when possible, I have found that often, after a perfect reduction, a rotation of the lower on the upper fragment occurred when the forearm was placed in acute flexion on the lateral chest wall, in what is generally considered the Jones position. This was repeatedly shown by views taken after the usual dressing was applied. To prevent this rotation, I have devised a plaster dressing to hold the arm in the "lateral hyperflexion position." A study of more than a hundred school boys showed that the intercondylar plane does not pass through the body of the patient, but passes posteriorly, just touching the lumbar region and meeting the other intercondylar plane behind the spine. In other words, the arms hang so that the external condyles are anterior to the internal condyles. This natural position is maintained if the forearm is acutely
[407] COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF HBV GENOTYPE-SPECIFIC T CELL RESPONSE IN GENETICALLY DIFFERENT POPULATIONS PERSISTENTLY INFECTED WITH HBV GENOTYPE B OR D
Authors: E. Loggi, A.T. Tan, C. Boni, Z.Z. Ho, P. Fisicaro, L. Hua, C. Fortini, W. Chua, J.V. Chisholm III, A.J. Gehring, E. Grandini, P. Andreone, C. Brander, S.G. Lim, C. Ferrari, F. Bihl, A. Bertoletti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Arthritis of Cerebral Origin
Authors: KARL ROTHSCHILD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 April 1931Arthritis of Cerebral OriginKARL ROTHSCHILD, M.D.KARL ROTHSCHILD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-10-1287 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe classification of the various forms of arthritis has lately been simplified so that at the present time, we have only to distinguish between hypertrophic and atrophic arthritis.1 In this classification are included cases of acute infectious arthritis, of chronic infectious arthritis and those cases in which a toxic element is considered to be of etiological significance.With all due consideration for the simplicity of this classification, there is a certain number of cases which show definite arthritic changes but will not fit into any of the above mentioned classes. There are cases where, nolens volens, we will have to...Literature1 PEMBERTON R: Arthritis and rheumatoid conditions. Philadelphia, 1929. Google Scholar2 MARK R: Jour. Metab. Research, 1923, 4, 135. Google Scholar3 WEILGUILLAUMIN MPCO: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., 1923, 88, 734. Google Scholar4 WATCHORN E: Quart. Jour. Med., 1925, 18, 288. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5 HOROWITZ P: Am. Jour. Med. Sci., 1926, 171, 560. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6 V. ECONOMO C: Jour. Nerv. and Ment. Dis., 1930, 71, 249. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7 ROTHSCHILD K: Die Chorea Huntington Familie R. Inaugural Dissertation, Heidelberg, 1921. Google Scholar8 DOLLROTHSCHILD HK: Klin. Wochenschrift, 1:2580, Dec. 23, 1922. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9 WOLFF A: Ueber eine Chorea Huntington Familie. Inaugural-Dissertation, Heidelberg, 1921. Google Scholar10 FEER , Lehrbuch der Kinderkrankheiten, Jena, 1920. Google Scholar11 VAN DER SCHEER : Paris Med., Sept. 26, 1925. (Quoted from Sajous). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New Brunswick, N. J. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySedazione diencefalica e funzione paratiroidea 1 April 1931Volume 4, Issue 10Page: 1287-1294KeywordsArthritis Issue Published: 1 April 1931 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of Autologous Marrow Buffy Coat on Survival After Supralethal Irradiation
Authors: Jack H. Bloch, Sadek Hilal, Jerrold K. Longerbeam, William G. Manax, William R. Scott, Richard C. Lillehei
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The PROTECTIVE EFFECT of autologous bone marrow used in the treatment of the pernicious effects of total body irradiation in dogs is well established.<sup>1,2</sup>It is also firmly established that the efficacy of such treatment is directly proportional to the number of bone marrow cells infused into the irradiated dog.<sup>3</sup>The procurement of sufficient marrow cells to obtain maximal protection begins to become a problem when supralethal doses of total body irradiation (600 to 1,000 roentgens) are used in the dog. For example, in our own experience, 2 to 3 billion marrow cells are usually sufficient to provide protection in the dog against total body irradiation of 500 r, while at least 5 billion marrow cells are needed when the dose of irradiation is increased to 600 to 1,000 r. The removal of large volumes of autologous marrow introduces the problem of hypovolemia, which adds to the morbidity
Involvement of granulysin-producing T cells in the development of superficial microbial folliculitis
Authors: T. Oono, S. Morizane, O. Yamasaki, Y. Shirafuji, W-K. Huh, H. Akiyama, K. Iwatsuki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Granulysin is a recently identified antimicrobial protein expressed on cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and NKT cells. It has been shown that granulysin contributes to the defence mechanisms against mycobacterial infection. Superficial microbial folliculitis is a common skin disease. In a previous report, we showed that, as a first line of defence, alpha-defensin, a human neutrophil peptide, and beta-defensin (human beta-defensin-2) were expressed in infiltrating neutrophils and in lesional epidermal keratinocytes, respectively, in superficial folliculitis. As we also observed many infiltrating lymphocytes in lesional dermis, we hypothesized that infiltrating lymphocytes may possess antimicrobial substances, such as granulysin, and play a role in the defence mechanism as a second line of defence.Seven specimens of superficial microbial folliculitis diagnosed clinically and histologically were examined by means of immunohistochemistry. To identify the phenotype of cells expressing granulysin, confocal laser microscopic examination was performed.A dense lymphoid cell infiltrate was observed in pustules, in the perivascular regions. A large number of these lymphoid cells were positive for granulysin. Phenotypically, cells consisted of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and UCHL-1+ T cells. CD20+ cells and CD56+ cells were not observed. Microscopic examination with a confocal laser showed that the lymphocytes producing granulysin were CD3+ and CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells.We showed that many granulysin-bearing T cells infiltrated affected follicles and perilesional dermis in superficial microbial folliculitis. However, few granulysin-positive lymphoid cells were observed in sterile pustular lesions. Our observations indicated that adaptive immunity such as granulysin, a lymphocyte-produced antimicrobial protein, may play an important role in the cutaneous defence mechanism.
Nitric oxide and efficiency of the right heart
Authors: N WESTERHOF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

See article by Setty et al. (pages 431–436) in this issue .

Several differences between right and left heart are known: the effect of cardiac contraction on coronary arterial inflow, autoregulation, and oxygen extraction. Setty et al. [1] show in their study the relationships between function and oxygen consumption of the right heart under control and ischemic conditions and the role of nitric oxide (NO). It turns out that these relationships also differ between left and right heart.

Coronary flow depends on perfusion pressure and cardiac oxygen consumption [2]. NO decreases vascular smooth muscle tone and thus modulates flow. NO also promotes vascular growth and affects cardiac function in terms of metabolism, contractility, rhythmicity, and growth [3]. Early studies on ischemia and the role of NO mainly emphasized the vasodilatory effect on the coronary vasculature and thus a protective role of NO. At higher concentrations, NO has a cGMP-independent negative inotropic effect [4]. NO synthase inhibition impairs the efficiency of oxidative metabolism and cardiac function, while during moderate ischemia, NO synthase appears not to be involved in cardiac metabolism … 

*Tel.: +31 20 4448111; fax: +31 20 4448255. Email address: n.westerhof{at}vumc.nl
Isoform-Specific Potentiation of Stem and Progenitor Cell Engraftment by AML1/RUNX1
Authors: Shinobu Tsuzuki, Dengli Hong, Rajeev Gupta, Keitaro Matsuo, Masao Seto, Tariq Enver
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

AML1/RUNX1 is the most frequently mutated gene in leukaemia and is central to the normal biology of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. However, the role of different AML1 isoforms within these primitive compartments is unclear. Here we investigate whether altering relative expression of AML1 isoforms impacts the balance between cell self-renewal and differentiation in vitro and in vivo.The human AML1a isoform encodes a truncated molecule with DNA-binding but no transactivation capacity. We used a retrovirus-based approach to transduce AML1a into primitive haematopoietic cells isolated from the mouse. We observed that enforced AML1a expression increased the competitive engraftment potential of murine long-term reconstituting stem cells with the proportion of AML1a-expressing cells increasing over time in both primary and secondary recipients. Furthermore, AML1a expression dramatically increased primitive and committed progenitor activity in engrafted animals as assessed by long-term culture, cobblestone formation, and colony assays. In contrast, expression of the full-length isoform AML1b abrogated engraftment potential. In vitro, AML1b promoted differentiation while AML1a promoted proliferation of progenitors capable of short-term lymphomyeloid engraftment. Consistent with these findings, the relative abundance of AML1a was highest in the primitive stem/progenitor compartment of human cord blood, and forced expression of AML1a in these cells enhanced maintenance of primitive potential both in vitro and in vivo.These data demonstrate that the "a" isoform of AML1 has the capacity to potentiate stem and progenitor cell engraftment, both of which are required for successful clinical transplantation. This activity is consistent with its expression pattern in both normal and leukaemic cells. Manipulating the balance of AML1 isoform expression may offer novel therapeutic strategies, exploitable in the contexts of leukaemia and also in cord blood transplantation in adults, in whom stem and progenitor cell numbers are often limiting.
Fitness test profiles and trainng intensities in skilled race-walkers.
Authors: T. Reilly, J. Hopkins, N. Howlett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1979)

A broad profile of national standard race-walkers was obtained. Subjects were taller and had more body fat than competitive runners of comparable distance as found in the literature. Pulmonary function, blood pressure and maximal heart rates were similar to normal sedentary values. The group's somatotype was 2.5 : 3 : 4, low mesomorphy being reflected in inferior strength measures. Haematological status corresponded to the runners of Brotherhood et al (1975). Predicted VO2 max (x = 70 ml kg min-1) was not related to performance. Time to exhaustion on a treadmill test correlated with 20 km race time (R = -.94; p less than .001). Multiple regression equations derived to predict race performance from combinations of 4 to 6 personality traits were non-significant. Mean heart rate in typical training regimes was 167 beats min-1 for interval training at 13 kmh-1 on the track and 134 beats min-1 over a 2.1 h road walk at 10.3 kmh-1. Physiological strain was greater in uphill than in level or downhill walking (P less than .001).