tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PROPIOMAZINE FOR CONTROL OF INSOMNIA IN NERVOUS DISORDERS
Authors: ADAM J. KRAKOWSKI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Fifty-two psychiatric patients and 4 with severe insomnia only received propiomazine orally as a hypnotic. 1. Forty milligrams proved the most satisfactory dose; smaller amounts were relatively ineffective; larger doses did not increase the hypnotic response. 2. Seventy-seven percent exhibited a good to excellent result. 3. No toxic effects or severe side reactions were observed. Propiomazine is an effective hypnotic, comparable to the new synthetic sedative agents. Further studies are recommended.
RETIRED MEDICAL MEN AND MILITARY SERVICE
Authors: A. Ogston
Journal: BMJ (1916)

<b>Objective.</b> To determine the ability of first-year Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students to describe patient care activities performed by pharmacists and accurately associate those activities with the five core steps of the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process (PPCP). <b>Methods.</b> First-year student pharmacists completed introductory practice experiences at ambulatory and institutional pharmacies. Students’ ability to describe activities that occurred in these settings and align them with the five core steps (collect, assess, plan, implement, and follow-up) of the PPCP were assessed. <b>Results.</b> The students were more adept in describing patient care activities and aligning them to the appropriate PPCP steps in an ambulatory pharmacy setting than in an institutional pharmacy setting. Students achieved higher scores when describing and aligning patient care activities associated with the collect and implement steps in an ambulatory pharmacy setting and for the assess step in an institutional pharmacy setting. <b>Conclusion.</b> As institutions strive to adopt the PPCP in all areas of the curriculum, this application serves as an example of successful PPCP integration early in the introductory experiential curriculum. Our results challenge faculty to provide early opportunities for students to apply the PPCP in a variety of practice settings, including settings focused on the medication distribution system.
Determinants of baseline lung function and bronchodilator response in 4-year-old children
Authors: Sandra Dom, Joost J. Weyler, Jos H.J. Droste, Margo M. Hagendorens, Elke Dierckx, Chris H. Bridts, Wilfried De Backer, Ellie Oostveen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The prolonged period required for maturation of the respiratory system makes it vulnerable to environmental exposure. This study aimed to investigate the association between early-life factors and lung function in preschool children. Children aged 4 years, who were included in a prospective birth cohort, underwent lung function testing at baseline (n=535) and after bronchodilation (n=498) by forced oscillations. Information on symptoms and exposures was collected through half-yearly questionnaires. Allergen-specific serum IgE was quantified at 1 and 4 years. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the baseline respiratory resistance and reactance area were larger in the children with previous wheeze, those with early-onset sensitisation to inhalant allergens and those who were smaller. Furthermore, children with previous lower respiratory tract infections exhibited higher baseline resistance values. The baseline resistance was the only independent determinant of the bronchodilator-induced change in resistance, whereas current height and baseline reactance area were independently associated with the change in reactance area. In conclusion, previous lower respiratory tract infections, the timing of previous wheeze, inhalant sensitisation and current height independently influence the baseline lung function of 4-year-old children, whereas baseline lung function is the principal determinant of the bronchodilator response.
Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination.
Authors: A. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1992)

whether any otorrhoea had occurred.No attempt was made to correlate the otorrhoea to swimming activity or upper respiratory infection.We studied 210 children (mean age 6 years).At the beginning of the summer the tubes had been in place for a mean of six months (range one to 24 months).Purulent discharge developed in 40 patients, 20 of whom had not been swimming.The incidence of otorrhoea was lower in the 142 children who had swum during the summer (13'S,) than in the 68 children who had not (31 %) (p=0-005, X2 test).The incidence of infection in the group who had not swum was not significantly different from that in the 27 children who had swum one to five times (33%) but was significantly higher than that in the 41 children who had gone swimming six to 20 times (12%, p=0 01) and in the 71 children who had gone swimming more than 20 times (7%, p<0-001).Our conclusions are the same as those ofPringle': children with grommets should be allowed to swim.Penetration of water into the ear canal is not the main factor leading to otorrhoea in patients with grommets.
Physicians and Family Caregivers: A Model for Partnership-Reply
Authors: Joseph M. Keenan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate and commend the comments of Drs Fredman and Daly. They make a number of points with which we fully agree. It is clearly important for physicians to ask their patients whether they have sole or shared responsibility for the care of an older parent or relative. In our experience, the practice of traditional primary care physicians is characterized by their long-standing relationships with their patients; these relationships often provide the basis for knowing about caregiving responsibilities. However, in an era in which managed competition may come to cause significant realignments between patients and physicians, it will be important for primary care physicians to follow Fredman and Daly's advice that they seek information about their patients' caregiving responsibilities. The use of reliable instrumentation to determine a patient's needs for caregiving assistance in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living makes great sense. It would
Adrenergic mechanisms in multiple sclerosis: the neuro–immune connection?
Authors: Marco Cosentino, Mauro Zaffaroni, Maurizio Giorelli, Franca Marino, Marco Ferrari, Raffaella Bombelli, Emanuela Rasini, Maria Trojano, Sergio Lecchini, Paolo Livrea, Giancarlo Comi, Gianmario Frigo
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (2004)
Social Distancing Helpful in Mexico During Flu Pandemic
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Angiotensin II induces delayed mitogenesis and cellular proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Correlation with the expression of specific endogenous growth factors and reversal by suramin.
Authors: H Weber, D S Taylor, C J Molloy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

By means of a rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cell culture model, the effects of angiotensin II (AII) on early proto-oncogene gene expression, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation were measured and compared to known mitogens. In 24-h [3H]-thymidine incorporation assays, AII was found to be a weak mitogen when compared to potent mitogens such as fetal bovine serum and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In contrast, when assays were carried out for 48 h, AII induced a significant dose-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis, which more than doubled at 3 nM AII, and was maximal (five- to eightfold above control) at 100 nM AII. Treatment of cells with the AII type 1 receptor antagonist losartan inhibited the mitogenic effects of AII. AII also stimulated smooth muscle cell proliferation, as indicated by an absolute increase in cell number after AII stimulation of RASM cells for 5 d. AII stimulation of RASM cell growth correlated with the increased expression of specific endogenous growth factors, including transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and PDGF A-chain. However, addition of either PDGF- or TGF-beta 1-neutralizing antibodies failed to significantly reduce the delayed mitogenic effects induced by AII. In contrast, we found that AII-stimulated mitogenesis could be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the growth factor inhibitor drug suramin. Taken together, our results indicate that enhanced endogenous growth factor expression may represent the direct mechanism by which AII promotes smooth muscle cell growth in some vascular hyperproliferative diseases.
The Machine at the Bedside: Strategies for Using Technology in Patient Care
Authors: Herman S. Wigodsky
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The development, application, and use of technological advances, especially instruments and machines, to diagnose and treat disease, sustain life, substitute for organs or organ functions, and facilitate rehabilitation have escalated enormously in recent years. This escalation has occurred not only because of growth of technological knowledge, but also because of the increased willingness of third-party payers to foot the bills, which in turn is the stimulus required to encourage industry to view many kinds of technological advances as sources of revenue and profit. In general, however, there have not been corresponding advances in the evaluation of some of the technological advances (such as adequate epidemiologic investigations) or in the anticipation, evaluation, and solution of the social, ethical, and even legal problems resulting from the applications of the advances. Even casual reading of the daily press makes evident the enormity of some of the problems and the inability to cope with
Phenformin in Insulin-Dependent Diabetics
Authors: A. Bloom, R. J. Kolbe
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Forty-one diabetic patients on insulin were given 100mg. of phenformin daily for six weeks, either before or after a period of six weeks of inert capsules, in a double-blind cross-over trial. Eleven patients while on phenformin noticed hypoglycaemic effects and reduced their insulin on average by almost 20% without resultant rise in blood sugar levels. Twenty-eight patients felt no untoward effects and maintained their usual insulin dose. Phenformin led to improved control of the diabetes, with a significant decrease in blood sugar levels and a significant reduction in the variability of the weekly blood sugar readings. There was no increased ketosis, no change in cholesterol, and no significant loss of weight.
Chagasic Cardiopathy
Authors: PATRICIO M. COSSIO, RUBEN P. LAGUENS, CARLOS DIEZ, ANA SZARFMAN, AMADA SEGAL, ROBERTO M. ARANA
Journal: Circulation (1974)

An antibody reacting with endocardium, vascular structures and interstitium of striated muscle (EVI antibody), by the indirect immunofluorescence technique, was recently described in Chagas' disease. In the present report the identification of tissue structures responsible for the EVI reaction was studied by means of ultrastructural immunochemical methods. Positive reactions were observed in the plasma membrane of the heart and skeletal muscle fibers and endothelial cells of blood vessels. Absorption of positive sera with T. cruzi abolished both patterns observed by electron microscopic methods. These results are in agreement with observations performed with the indirect immunofluorescence technique.
Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring of the Aqueous Humor of the Eye: Part II. Animal Studies and the Scleral Lens
Authors: Wayne F March, B Rabinovitch, Robert L Adams
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

We have discussed the nature of a scleral lens that will allow us to follow changes in aqueous humor glucose levels in animals by a method based on optical rotation and a technique described in an earlier paper. We have shown how this lens can be micro-miniaturized and can be used in humans as a non-in-vasive glucose monitor. We have described preliminary experiments designed to show the correlation between the blood glucose assay (BGA) and the aqueous humor glucose concentration as determined by chemical assay (AGA) and by optical rotation determination (ARD). The last mentioned has been obtained by paracentesis directly into a microcell used in conjunction with instrumentation capable of measuring optical rotations as low as 0.0013° (4.5″) corresponding to 20 mg/dl glucose with a sensitivity of 0.0001° (0.36″). The variability among normal rabbits as a function of individuality and diurnal changes is described, and the correlation beteen AGA and ARD shown to be essentially 1.0. Such rabbits are examined when undergoing very rapid decreases in BGA (insulin treatment) or very rapid increases in BGA (bolus of glucose). The AGA and ARD are shown to lag behind the BGA, and this is discussed in terms of the rate of change of BGA with respect to time and its concomitant change in AGA/ARD as well as a simple procedure that would materially reduce this lag.
Pethidine and General Anaesthesia
Authors: M. Johnstone
Journal: BMJ (1951)

TREATMENT OF CHRONIC OTORRHOEA _ mMEDICs ¶RNAL 943The cleansing of chronic varicose ulcers, the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis and of chronic sinusitis, and the conitrol of infection in skin grafting seem fertile fields for an extension of its use.The possibility of local allergic reactions, which may be related to the lysis of bacteria by the antibiotic, must be kept in mind in any topical application of chloramphenicol. SummaryThe treatment of chronic infections, of the middle ear and mastoid cavities with a 15% solution of chloramphenicol in propylene glycol is presented.The results appear to be as good as those produced by any method at present in use and they can be obtained with less trouble to the patient, hospital, or doctor.A wider application for topical chloramphenicol is suggested.[Since writing the above we have found that a 10% solu- tion of chloramphenicol sems to be as effective as the 15% solution.Under present conditions the saving in cost and material is important.]We owe thanks to our colleagues at King's College Hospital and the Beigrave Hospital for allowing us to treat some of their cases; to Mr. W. I. Daggett and Mr. T. E
SUPPURATIVE TYMPANO-MASTOIDITIS IN CHILDREN.
Authors: HERMAN KNAPP
Journal: JAMA (1901)

When you did me the honor to invite me to address this Section I thought tympano-mastoiditis in children might be an appropriate subject to open a discussion on that part of otology, which, at present, receives the greatest attention—the surgery of the tympano-mastoid. Like others, I have found the affections of the tympanomastoid particularly difficult to manage in children. Not only the difficulty of the subject, gentlemen, but also its paramount importance, determined me to submit some remarks for your consideration. As to the importance I need only repeat what has often been said, viz., mat he who has no hereditary tendency to deafness and guards his hearing organ safe through all the diseases of childhood, is almost immune from ear trouble in after life. What causes the management of ear disease in childhood to be so difficult and irksome? This question leads one to the etiology of ear disease.
Effect of Body Mass Index on Recurrence in Hormone Receptor Positive Early Breast Cancer – A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis from the ATAC Trial.
Authors: I. Sestak, W. Distler, J. Forbes, A. Howell, J. Cuzick
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Third generation aromatase inhibitors have been widely used in postmenopausal women for the adjuvant treatment of hormone receptor positive breast cancer. As aromatase inhibitors work by inhibiting the conversion of androgens to oestrogens in adipose tissue the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitors might be dependent on body mass index (BMI).Methods: The ATAC study was a double-blind randomised clinical trial in which postmenopausal women with early breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive oral daily anastrozole (1mg) alone, tamoxifen (20mg) alone, or the combination in a double blind fashion. In this retrospective investigation, analyses were based on those women with hormone receptor positive breast cancers (oestrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PgR) positive) for whom a baseline BMI measurement was available (anastrozole=2469; tamoxifen=2470). Here, we investigate the influence of BMI on time to recurrence (TTR) and time to distant recurrence (TTDR), and also the relative benefit of anastrozole versus tamoxifen according to baseline BMI, using a proportional hazard model.Results: After 100 months of median follow-up, obese women (BMI&amp;gt;30 kg/m2) at baseline had a significantly higher breast cancer recurrence rate than lean women (BMI&amp;lt;23 kg/m2) (adjusted HR=1.27 (1.02-1.57), Ptrend= 0.003) (Table 1). Obese women also had 38% more distant recurrences compared to lean women (adjusted HR=1.38 (1.08-1.76), Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.0001). The relative benefit of anastrozole versus tamoxifen was slightly greater in women with a low BMI but this was not significant for recurrence or distant recurrence (data not shown).Conclusions: These results confirm the poor prognosis of obese women with early breast cancer. Recurrence rates were lower in anastrozole than tamoxifen for all BMI quintiles and these results do not support an increased efficacy for anastrozole in obese women.Table 1: Number of breast cancer recurrences (% of group) and hazard ratios according to approximate BMI quintile for all recurrences and distant breast cancer recurrences. All breast cancer recurrences Distant recurrences Approx. BMI quintileNumber of events (%)HR* (95% CI) for TTRNumber of events (%)HR (95% CI)* for TTDR&amp;lt;23 (N=966)134 (13.9)Reference97 (10.0)Reference23-25 (N=810)137 (16.9)1.14 (0.89-1.45)97 (12.0)1.11 (0.83-1.47)25-28 (N=1171)204 (17.4)1.22 (0.98-1.52)149 (12.7)1.21 (0.94-1.57)28-30 (N=643)117 (18.2)1.26 (0.98-1.62)86 (13.4)1.26 (1.08-1.69)&amp;gt;30 (N=1582)253 (18.8)1.27 (1.02-1.57)203 (15.1)1.38 (1.08-1.76)P-trend 0.003 &amp;lt;0.0001*HR adjusted for age, region, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, mastectomy, tumour size, tumour grade, nodal status Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1047.
Slit-Lamp Gonioscopy
Authors: Francis A. L'Esperance
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Gonioscopy has grown to occupy a prominent position in ophthalmology as an essential method in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the anterior segment of the eye. The second edition of<i>Slit-Lamp Gonioscopy</i>deals comprehensively with the anatomy of the chamber angle, the history and technique of gonioscopy, and the interpretation of findings in glaucoma and other diseases. The text is well written and beautifully illustrated with many drawings and histologic sections. These illustrations are accompanied by lucid descriptions of the normal and abnormal conditions encountered during gonioscopy. Additional practical hints for those interested in learning the technique of gonioscopy are contained in the newly revived appendix. The bibliography is up to date and has been listed in alphabetical order. A new and interesting section on goniophotography has been included which describes recent advances with stereoscopic and motion picture representation of the anterior chamber angle. Other chapters have incorporated
Genomic imprinting and culture in mammals
Authors: William Michael Brown
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Genomic conflicts are potentially involved in the evolution and maintenance of culture. Maternal genes contributing to neocortical development could influence biases in the acquisition of information. Specifically, relatedness asymmetries due to multiple paternity are expected to lead to an increased reliability and receptivity of matrilineally-transmitted information. This view complements the gene-culture coevolutionary model adopted by Rendell and Whitehead.
Venereal Disease in Adolescents
Authors: L. Watt
Journal: BMJ (1961)

However, in our patients it was those who had taken the drug for the longest time who were the most severely affected.None of our patients had any blood relations taking thalidomide, so we cannot speculate on the possibility of susceptibility to thalidomide being on a genetic basis.Little is yet known about the metabolism of thalidomide in the body after absorption.Its mode of action in producing both the desirable sedative and the undesirable toxic effects is unknown.Our investigations have not thrown any light on the mechanism of this neuropathy.There is no evidence as yet to suggest any interference with carbohydrate metabolism or other known enzyme mechanisms, though further study along these lines will be made if any new cases are seen.It is interesting that similar toxic effects have not been reported in patients taking glutethimide (" doriden "), which is chemically very similar.It is also interesting that several observers suggested, when seeing some of these patients before thalidomide toxicity was suspected, that the clinical features resembled those of neuropathy associated with malignant disease.Two further articles have recently appeared in the German literature (Raffauf, 1961 ; Scheid et al., 1961) in which 14 and 9 cases with neurological abnormalities attributed to thalidomide toxicity have been reported.The clinical features of these cases are similar to those reported here. SummaryThe neurotoxic effects of thalidomide in 13 patients are described.Symptoms developed in from 2 to 18 months after starting regular medication, in doses varying from 50 to 400 mg.nightly.The disorder was predominantly a sensory peripheral neuritis, but there was evidence of more widespread effects on the nervous system.
A Scientific Approach to Distance Running
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

"Feet, do your stuff!" is the famous self-command of running. But there is more to running than that, as data from the laboratory are beginning to show. David Costill, PhD, is professor and director of the Human Performance Laboratory at Ball State University, Muncie, Ind. He also runs in marathons. In this little book, Costill sums up many of the findings that he and other investigators have produced so far about the physiology and psychology of running. There seems to be something here for everyone—the runner, the coach, the physician, even the armchair athlete whose interest is purely academic. Some factors, the available data suggest, may be unchangeable, such as leg muscle-fiber composition. (Persons with a high percentage of rapidly contracting fibers seem to do better in sprinting events, at least at the top levels of competition, while those with preponderantly slower contracting fibers may be well advised to enter