tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Notes of a Case of Extirpation of the Larynx
Authors: T. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1884)

we9 retly a perforation of the stomach, with an attack of localisei peri- tonitis, which was controlled, however, by opium.In January of this year, there was first noticed a remarkable condition of the urine.Although perfectly clear and of a pale yellow colour when first passed, after a short period of exposure to the air it assumed a dark brown, almost black tint, and finally deposited a brown precipitate.The condition continued with intermissions up to April of this year, when Dr. Gray kindly sent me a specimen of the urine for examination.The urine, as I received it, that is, after being corked up for some little time, was of a dark brown colour, and was alkaline from fixedl alkali Its specific gravity was 1032, and it contained no albumen.It showed a very slight roducing action on Fehling's solution, but an samoniacal solution of nitrate of silver was at once reduced in the cold to the metallic state.There was neither blood nor bile present.Heat produced no effect.Acetic acid rendered the colour lighter, while liquor potass had the opposite effect, and made it much darker.Nitric acid showed merely a dark rim at the point of junction of the fluids, this being probably due to indican.The addition of an equal volume of hydrochloric acil developed a pinkish colour, due, again, to indican.On standing, a white sedliment formed, con.sistiag of triple and stellar phosphates.If the urinie were exposed to the air, it became still darker in colour, while, if corke(d up tightly, the dark colour was, to a great extent, lost.If, then, the cork were removed, so as to admit air to the bottle, the urine could be seen to grow dark from above downwards.This conclusively proves that thc pigment was a product of oxidation.It has been stated that the urme, at intervals, remained of the normal colour on standing.It was found, however, that in these intervals the urine was acid, andl not alkaline, as when the dark colour appearedL Dr. Gray also senit me a specimen of the urinie during these intervals.To one portioii of th.urLne, liquor potas was added, and to another, a little acetic acid.The two slecimens were then exposed to the air, and, in a short
Ingestion of Yogurt Containing <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> as Prophylaxis for Candidal Vaginitis
Authors: Eileen Hilton, Henry D. Isenberg, Phyllis Alperstein, Kenneth France, Michael T. Borenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To assess whether daily ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus prevents vulvovaginal candidal infections. Design: Crossover trial for at least 1 year during which patients were examined for candidal infections and colonizations while receiving either a yogurt-free or a yogurt-containing diet. Patients served as their own controls. Setting: Ambulatory infectious disease center in a teaching hospital providing tertiary care. Patients: Thirty-three women with recurrent candidal vaginitis were eligible after recruitment from community practices and clinics and through advertising. Twelve patients were eliminated for protocol violations. Of the remaining 21 patients, 8 who were assigned to the yogurt arm initially refused to enter the control phase 6 months later. Thus, 13 patients completed the protocol. Interventions: Women ate yogurt for 6 months of the study period. Measurements: Colonization of lactobacilli and Candida in the vagina and rectum; candidal infections of the vagina. Main Results: Thirty-three eligible patients were studied. A threefold decrease in infections was seen when patients consumed yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus. The mean (± SD) number of infections per 6 months was 2.54 ± 1.66 in the control arm and 0.38 ± 0.51 per 6 months in the yogurt arm (P = 0.001). Candidal colonization decreased from a mean of 3.23 ± 2.17 per 6 months in the control arm to 0.84 ± 0.90 per 6 months in the yogurt arm (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Daily ingestion of 8 ounces of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus decreased both candidal colonization and infection.
Differences in output from corticosteroid inhalers used with a volumatic spacer
Authors: MR Miller, P Bright
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Corticosteroid inhaler therapy using a spacer device is commonly used as an important part of asthma management. Increasingly, generic corticosteroid inhalers are being used with spacer devices. We have therefore tested whether these generic inhalers yield equivalence in dose when compared to the established inhalers. We measured the in vitro output, discharged into a Volumatic spacer from beclomethasone dipropionate inhalers (250 micrograms.puff-1) made by three manufacturers, Allen &amp; Hanburys, 3M and Baker Norton. The output from 20 of each type of inhaler was sampled, in random order, by a computer driven pump system. Beclomethasone was absorbed onto a coded filter, which was analysed independently for drug content. The output per puff differed significantly between the inhalers of each manufacturer, with a 36% difference between the highest output from the Allen &amp; Hanburys device and the lowest output device. We conclude that there are important differences in output from these inhalers when used with a spacer, and that substitution of one device with another will not necessarily give equivalent therapy to the patient.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation in a verrucous epidermal naevus associated with mild facial dysmorphism
Authors: B. Collin, I.B. Taylor, A.O.M. Wilkie, C. Moss
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Summary We report an activating fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation (R248C) occurring in a verrucous epidermal naevus, and not found in other tissues, in a girl with mild facial dysmorphism. We demonstrate the presence of the mutation in keratinocytes cultured from the naevus and we speculate that a low level of the mutation in other tissues may account for her facial dysmorphism. The possibility that the mutation is present in other tissues implies a possible risk to her future offspring.
Neurogenic inflammation in human airways: is it important?
Authors: G F Joos, P R Germonpre, R A Pauwels
Journal: Thorax (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Sensory systems are often tasked to analyse complex signals from the environment, to separate relevant from irrelevant parts. This process of decomposing signals is challenging when component signals interfere with each other. For example, when a mixture of signals does not equal the sum of its parts, this leads to an unpredictable corruption of signal patterns, making the target recognition harder. In olfaction, nonlinear summation is prevalent at various stages of sensory processing, from stimulus transduction in the nasal epithelium to higher areas, including the olfactory bulb (OB) and the piriform cortex. Here, we investigate how the olfactory system deals with binary mixtures of odours, using two-photon imaging with several behavioural paradigms. Unlike previous studies using anaesthetised animals, we found the mixture summation to be substantially more linear when using awake, head-fixed mice performing an odour detection task. This linearisation was also observed in awake, untrained mice, in both engaged and disengaged states, revealing that the bulk of the difference in mixture summation is explained by the brain state. However, in the apical dendrites of M/T cells, mixture representation is dominated by sublinear summation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the property of mixture representation in the primary olfactory area likely reflects state-dependent differences in sensory processing.
The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer
Authors: Paulette Mehta
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IgE reactivity to patatin‐like latex allergen, Hev b 7, and to patatin of potato tuber, Sol t 1, in adults and children allergic to natural rubber latex
Authors: U. Seppälä, T. Palosuo, N. Kalkkinen, U. Seppälä, L. Ylitalo, T. Reunala, K. Turjanmaa, T. Reunala
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Backround : Patients allergic to natural rubber latex (NRL) frequently show positive skin prick tests (SPT) and hypersensitivity reactions to various fruits, such as avocado, banana, and kiwi, as well as to vegetables such as potato. Methods : Hev b 7 was purified from NRL “C‐serum” and Sol t 1 from potato extract, and they were detected by immunoblotting. IgE antibodies to Hev b 7 and Sol t 1 were measured with ELISA in sera from 35 adults and 35 children allergic to NRL. ELISA inhibition and immunoblotting were used to study allergen cross‐reactivity. The in vivo reactivity of Hev b 7 and Sol t 1 were demonstrated in the SPT. Results : Seventeen (49%) of the 35 NRL‐allergic adults had IgE antibodies to Hev b 7, in contrast to none of the 35 NRL‐allergic children. Fifteen (43%) of the NRL‐allergic adults and 23 (66%) of the NRL‐allergic children had IgE antibodies to Sol t 1. Ten (29%) of the adult sera showed IgE binding to both Sol t 1and Hev b 7, and crosswise inhibition tests with pooled sera revealed marked cross‐reactivity. In the SPT, both natural Hev b 7 and Sol t 1 were able to produce a wheal and flare reaction. Conclusions : One‐half of the NRL‐allergic adults, but none of the NRL‐allergic children, had IgE antibodies to natural Hev b 7. These results suggest that Hev b 7 is an important NRL allergen for adults, but not for children. Elucidation of the clinical importance of the observed cross‐reactivity between Hev b 7 and Sol t 1 requires further studies.
An Integrated Clinical-Genomics Approach Identifies a Candidate Multi-Analyte Blood Test for Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein, Dirk Bauerschlag, Yingyao Zhou, Lisa M. Sapinoso, Keith Ching, Henry Frierson, Karen Bräutigam, Jalid Sehouli, Elmar Stickeler, Dominique Könsgen, Felix Hilpert, Constantin S. von Kaisenberg, Jacobus Pfisterer, Thomas Bauknecht, Walter Jonat, Norbert Arnold, Garret M. Hampton
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Cancer of the ovary confers the worst prognosis among women with gynecologic malignancies, underscoring the need to develop new biomarkers for detection of early disease, particularly those that can be readily monitored in the blood. Experimental Design: We developed an algorithm to identify secreted proteins encoded among ∼22,500 genes on commercial oligonucleotide arrays and applied it to gene expression profiles of 67 stage I to IV serous papillary carcinomas and 9 crudely enriched normal ovarian tissues, to identify putative diagnostic markers. ELISAs were used to validate increased levels of secreted proteins in patient sera encoded by genes with differentially high expression. Results: We identified 275 genes predicted to encode secreted proteins with increased/decreased expression in ovarian cancers (&amp;lt;0.5- or &amp;gt;2-fold, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The serum levels of four of these proteins (matrix metalloproteinase-7, osteopontin, secretory leukoprotease inhibitor, and kallikrein 10) were significantly elevated in a series of 67 independent patients with serous ovarian carcinomas compared with 67 healthy controls (P &amp;lt; 0.001, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Optimized support vector machine classifiers with as few as two of these markers (osteopontin or kallikrein 10/matrix metalloproteinase-7) in combination with CA-125 yielded sensitivity and specificity values ranging from 96% to 98.7% and 99.7% to 100%, respectively, with the ability to discern early-stage disease from normal, healthy controls. Conclusions: Our data suggest that this assay combination warrants further investigation as a multi-analyte diagnostic test for serous ovarian adenocarcinoma.
Drugs Five Years Later
Authors: WILLIAM H. FORREST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

In the 5 years since its approval by the FDA, oral pentazocine has had extensive clinical use. It is an effective oral analgesic for both acute and chronic pain. Its other effects are similar in incidence and severity to most oral analgesics, with the exception of low-incidence, but disturbing, psychotomimetic effects, and its abuse potential is low.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PEMPHIGUS BY SERUM TAKEN FROM THE BULLAE.
Authors: S. WATSON SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1939)

Journal Article TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PEMPHIGUS BY SERUM TAKEN FROM THE BULLÆ. Get access S. WATSON SMITH S. WATSON SMITH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 51, Issue 5, 1 May 1939, Pages 213–214, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1939.tb10691.x Published: 01 May 1939
When your partner is your partner
Authors: W. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Marriages between clinical colleagues are not a new phenomenon. The stereotypical male doctor of the past pretty much expected to marry a nurse, who would invariably sacrifice her career the moment children appeared. This left the striving young doctor free to climb the greasy pole of the medical hierarchy unencumbered by parental responsibilities. With her understanding of the medical milieu, the ex-nurse could lend a comforting ear to the doctors moans and groans, without competing professionally. If this all sounds cosy and comfortable please return to the nineteenth century. Medical marriages now take many forms. More than 50% of British medical graduates are female1 and many are married to another doctor. Myriad pairings between doctors and other paramedical professions are possible; marriage should no longer be assumed, and gay couples should not be forgotten. What can no longer be assumed is that doctors' careers should take precedence over those of their partners. Increasingly, those who live together have to consider whether to work together. This decision is important for the spouses concerned and those employing them. So many of us will face this decision that it is likely to have a profound influence on medical staffing in the future. If more of us who are qualified to work together could be encouraged to do so, and thus share domestic duties also, we would be a much healthier profession. ### Points to cover when applying for a job with your spouse
Computed Body Tomography
Authors: Bruce Silver
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Computed tomography (CT) was initially designed for evaluation of the brain, but has clearly become an important diagnostic tool for evaluation of the body. The presence of CT has supplemented other imaging techniques and has changed the traditional radiological diagnostic studies of various diseases. Radiologists must now weigh the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging techniques and determine which examination will benefit the patient. The authors of<i>Computed Body Tomography</i>have attempted to present a comprehensive text, designed primarily for radiologists, on the application of CT to the body. Drawing on their own experiences, as well as those of their colleagues at the Mallinckrodt Institute, St Louis, the authors have detailed a method to study the various areas of the body. They concede that their approach is not absolute, but is intended to serve as a guide to the physician, while allowing integration of new information and techniques as they
The role of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in immunoglobulin E regulation
Authors: D. M. Kemeny, A. Noble, B. J. Holmes, D. Diaz‐Sanchez, T.H. Lee
Journal: Allergy (1995)

The link between immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and environmental allergens, allergic sensitization and atopic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis and eczema is well established, yet treatment of these diseases is largely symptomatic and fails to correct the underlying immune disorder. B‐cell production of IgE depends on interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and is inhibited by interferon (IFN‐γ). These cytokines are produced by T‐helper 2 (Th2) and T‐helper 1 (Th1) CD4 + T cells respectively. In atopic dermatitis skin and asthmatic lung, Th2 cells predominate but antigen‐specific CD4 + T‐cell clones derived from peripheral blood are a mixture of Th1, Th2, and Th0. Circulating allergen‐specific CD4 + T cells differentiate into Th1‐ and Th2‐like clones in the presence of IL‐12 and IL‐4 respectively. In rats, CD8 + T cells are potent regulators of IgE responses in vivo , although the mechanism for this is still unclear. CD8 + T‐cell depletion in immunized animals prolonged the IgE response but prior depletion did not. Indeed, prior depletion of CD8 + T cells actually inhibited IgE production, suggesting that there may be more than one type of IgE regulatory CD8 + T cell. This was supported by the observation that CD8 + T cells inhibited the differentiation of both Th1 and Th2 CD4 + T cells in vitro as well as IL‐4‐but not IL‐2‐induced Th2 CD4 + T‐cell growth. The existence of distinct CD8 + T‐cell subsets is supported by the observation that IL‐4 and IFN‐γ regulate the growth and differentiation of CD8 + T cells. IL‐4 inhibits the development of CD8 + T cells that produce IL‐2 and IL‐6 and enhances the generation of cells that make IL‐4 and IL‐5. A combination of IL‐4 and anti‐IFN‐γ enhanced IFN‐γ and IL‐10 production. Studies are continuing to characterize different CD8 + T‐cell subsets at a clonal level and to determine their role in IgE regulation.
Alternative Lymphatic Pathway After Previous Axillary Node Dissection in Recurrent/Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Aswani Sood, Irini M. Youssef, Sherif I. Heiba, Hossam El-Zeftawy, Deborah Axelrod, Beth Seigel, Christopher Mills, Hussein M. Abdel-Dayem
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

The sentinel lymph node approach has almost become the standard procedure of choice in the management of patients with early breast cancer. The status of sentinel nodes, whether or not pathologically involved by cancer cells, represents those of the axillary nodes with a negative predictive value of almost 100%. If the axillary lymphatic nodal drainage is altered, alternative lymphatic pathways and accordingly sentinel node location will be changed.In this article, 4 patients are presented, 3 with recurrent breast cancer who had already undergone lumpectomy, axillary node dissection, and radiotherapy in the past and 1 with primary breast cancer after surgical removal of a malignant melanoma on her back and had axillary node dissection on the same side as the breast cancer. These patients underwent lymphoscintigraphy followed by sentinel node localization using the gamma probe and also blue dye injection during surgery.All patients showed alternate lymphatic pathways, 1 had an ipsilateral internal mammary node and crossed lymphatics to a contralateral axillary node, 2 had intramammary sentinel nodes, and 1 had an internal mammary on the same side. Pathologic examination of the intramammary and contralateral sentinel nodes were negative for metastases. Internal mammary sentinel nodes were not biopsied.We feel that sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy should be done even in patients who have altered lymphatic pathways resulting from previous axillary node dissection. It allows identifying and biopsy of the sentinel node at its new unpredicted location.
Estrogen improves cardiac recovery after ischemia/reperfusion by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α
Authors: Y XU, I ARENAS, S ARMSTRONG, W PLAHTA, H XU, S DAVIDGE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Estrogen has cardioprotective effects on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is an inflammatory cytokine with depressor effects on myocardial function and has been suggested to mediate I/R injury. Whether cardiac TNFalpha levels are influenced by estrogen status is unknown. We investigated the effect of estrogen on TNFalpha levels and TNFalpha receptors in the ischemic heart and its role in estrogen modulation of I/R injury.Hearts were isolated from ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats that were treated with either estrogen or placebo for 4 weeks. Working heart preparations were subjected to global, no-flow ischemia (25 min) followed by reperfusion (40 min).I/R increased TNFalpha levels in coronary effluent and in the left ventricle (LV) of estrogen-deficient rats, which were decreased by estrogen replacement. Moreover, estrogen improved functional recovery (55.0+/-5.0% vs. 22.0+/-7.0%, P<0.05), decreased LV apoptosis, and reduced myocardial necrosis. To further evaluate the role of TNFalpha in I/R injury, a selective TNFalpha inhibitor (etanercept) was used in vitro before the ischemic insult. TNFalpha inhibition improved functional recovery (39+/-4.4% vs. 22.0+/-7.0%, P<0.05) and reduced apoptosis and myocardial necrosis in estrogen-deficient animals but did not have a summative protective effect in the hearts of estrogen-replaced animals.These data indicate that estrogen modulates cardiac expression of TNFalpha and TNFalpha receptors. Moreover, the cardioprotective effects of estrogen are in part mediated by regulation of TNFalpha levels in the ischemic heart.
Why Not Say It Clearly: A Guide to Expository Writing
Authors: Robert A. Day
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Because writing is difficult, those of us who write about writing approach the manifold problems from different angles, certainly from different perspectives. Especially, those of us who have been editors and who have spent long hours trying to make sense of the syntactic monstrosities in our colleagues' manuscripts (never our own, of course) have strong, personal views about the right way to write. In short, we have lived in a world of overwhelming sin; as a result, we have found religion and we are now out to save the world. Lester S. King's<i>Why Not Say It Clearly</i>is a summary of his religion. I agree with most of Dr King's ideas, but I disagree with a few. These differences do not make him wrong; it is just that we don't always share the same idiosyncrasies or pet peeves. I will now mention some of his pet peeves that I