tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of sildenafil on myocardial infarct size, microvascular function, and acute ischemic left ventricular dilation
Authors: T REFFELMANN, R KLONER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Adverse cardiac events in patients treated with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil for erectile dysfunction raised concerns about its safety in ischemic heart disease. Methods: In anesthetized open-chest rabbits, receiving 1.45 mg/kg sildenafil intravenously or saline 30 min prior to ischemia (n = 12, each), infarct size (IS, triphenyltetrazolium), the area of no-reflow (ANR, thioflavin S) (% of the risk area, RA, blue dye), and regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF, radioactive microspheres) were measured after 30 min of coronary occlusion and 180 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular hemodynamics and dimensions (echocardiography) were determined in a separate series of animals (n = 5, each). Results: Sildenafil significantly lowered arterial blood pressure before occlusion (−17 to −19 mmHg over 30 min), but during ischemia and reperfusion hemodynamics were comparable to controls. IS in treated animals (51±4%) did not significantly differ from control animals (47±4%). No major arrhythmias or lengthening of QT/QTc occurred. While sildenafil slightly increased RMBF and significantly reduced specific vascular resistance in the RA during reperfusion (51±7 versus 73±10 mmHg g min/ml, P<0.05), the ANR (46±3%) was similar to control animals (44±4%). Sildenafil reduced left ventricular dP/dtmax (P<0.05) and dP/dtmin (P<0.01) in non-ischemic conditions, and slightly during ischemia, along with a pronounced decrease in ischemic left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (9±2 versus 15±2 mmHg after saline, P<0.05), but did not attenuate acute ischemic left ventricular dilation. Conclusions: Sildenafil reduced cardiac pre- and afterload, and parameters of left ventricular contractility. Myocardial necrosis and microvascular dysfunction were neither exacerbated nor attenuated.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF MICROVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION ASSESSED BY CONTRAST ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN COMPARISON TO TC99M-SESTAMIBI SPECT IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Martin Hadamitzky, Birgit Langhans, Adnan Kastrati, Markus Schwaiger, Albert Schömig, Tareq Ibrahim, Deutsches Herzzentrum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Percutaneous Lumbar Diskectomy-Reply
Authors: Eric Batson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  I will respond to each of Dr Kambin's points in order.   Nominations for DATTA panelists have been solicited from every medical school as well as every national specialty society, among others. The DATTA panelists chosen for any particular DATTA evaluation are chosen from the complete panel of more than 1700 on the basis of the panelists' self-described areas of interest and expertise. Experience or lack of experience with the technology under evaluation is not a criterion. The chosen panelists receive a structured questionnaire by mail and are asked to both answer the specific questions and offer any comments they believe pertinent.  In the case of percutaneous lumbar diskectomy, panelists were chosen who have informed us that the spine is one of their areas of interest. The fact that some panelists have experience with the nucleotome is a reflection of the relative popularity of automated vs manual
THE SOLUBLE SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE OF A STRAIN OF FRIEDLÄNDER'S BACILLUS
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Walther F. Goebel, Oswald T. Avery
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

1. A method is given for the isolation of a specifically reacting nitrogen-free polysaccharide from the so called E strain of Friedländer's bacillus. 2. The properties of this polysaccharide are described.
Humans with chronic granulomatous disease maintain humoral immunologic memory despite low frequencies of circulating memory B cells
Authors: Susan Moir, Suk See De Ravin, Brian H. Santich, Jin Young Kim, Jacqueline G. Posada, Jason Ho, Clarisa M. Buckner, Wei Wang, Lela Kardava, Mary Garofalo, Beatriz E. Marciano, Jody Manischewitz, Lisa R. King, Surender Khurana, Tae-Wook Chun, Hana Golding, Anthony S. Fauci, Harry L. Malech
Journal: Blood (2012)
Meta-analysis of gene-level tests for rare variant association
Authors: Dajiang J Liu, Gina M Peloso, Xiaowei Zhan, Oddgeir L Holmen, Matthew Zawistowski, Shuang Feng, Majid Nikpay, Paul L Auer, Anuj Goel, He Zhang, Ulrike Peters, Martin Farrall, Marju Orho-Melander, Charles Kooperberg, Ruth McPherson, Hugh Watkins, Cristen J Willer, Kristian Hveem, Olle Melander, Sekar Kathiresan, Gonçalo R Abecasis
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Assessing Medical Technologies
Authors: James W. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

New technologies have developed so rapidly that the evaluation of their safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness has lagged. Because of this lag, (1) patients may not receive the optimal technology for their care, (2) hospitals and industry may not invest in cost-effective technologies, and (3) practitioners may cling to inappropriate technologies. Technology assessment offers a bridge between basic research and development and prudent, practical application of medical technology. This well-written book incorporates the insights of nearly 50 authors who assess technology. Defining terms illustrates the application of technology assessment.<i>Technology</i>embraces drugs, devices, medical and surgical procedures, support systems, and organizational systems.<i>Assessment</i>denotes any process of examining and reporting properties of medical technology such as safety, efficacy, feasibility, and indications for use. One example of technology assessment comes from the joint American College of Cardiology/American Hospital Association task force that is assessing noninvasive and invasive procedures in the diagnosis and
Surgery of the Extremities in Treatment of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Sidney Keats
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Surgery of the extremities has a definite role in the comprehensive treatment program for the child with cerebral palsy. It is reserved for those contractures that can be effectively released, those deformities which other measures have failed to bring to correction, and those conditions in which surgery is a prerequisite for subsequent treatment. Such surgery is recommended for the truly spastic group. In the athetoid group, on the other hand, surgery is limited to arthrodesis of joints in selected patients. Analysis of 200 operations, performed on 95 selected patients during the period 1948 to 1958, showed that most gratifying results were obtained in improving muscle function and skill, in eliminating crutch support and bracing, and in facilitating or shortening the treatment program.
A FALSE OR CICATRICIAL KELOID.
Authors: A. RAVOGLI
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The name of keloid was given by Alibert<sup>1</sup>to neoplasms made up of connective tissue in the form of patches, strips or tuberositics, having identity with cicatricial tissue. One kind of keloids is developed spontaneously in the derma, with which the keloids are intrinsically connected, while others take their seat on the cicatricial tissue. After they have attained certain proportions they may remain without change indefinitely, though in rare cases they may undergo involution and disappear. Alibert himself divided the keloids into two varieties, one true or spontaneous, developed without perceptible injury of the skin, and another false or spurious, produced on cicatricial tissue as the result of a trauma, to which Kaposi<sup>2</sup>added a third one, the hypertrophic scar. The difference between the two kinds of keloid was denied by Welander, Schütz<sup>3</sup>and other authors, but it must be maintained for the reason
Reply to M. Matsushita et al.
Authors: K. Honda, K. Nakamura, S. Itaba, H. Akiho, Y. Arita, R. Takayanagi
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

We would like to thank Dr. Matsushita and his colleagues for their interest in our article [1]. In their letter they mentioned that they too observed hyperamylasemia in 7 of 15 patients who underwent peroral double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), and one of these patients developed acute pancreatitis. The percentage of post-peroral DBE hyperamylasemia was similar to that which we reported, supporting our point that hyperamylasemia occurs frequently after peroral DBE and that pancreatitis is attributable to the DBE procedure.
Abstract 5174: Toward understanding the genomic alterations in human gastric cancer
Authors: Juan Cui, Ying Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent and aggressive cancers worldwide, and its molecular mechanism remains largely elusive. Although recent genome sequencing studies have uncovered rich information on cancer evolutions of many types, little is known about the genetic basis of gastric cancer due to its complexity. Here we report genomic mutations in primary gastric adenocarcinoma of human, based on the whole genome sequences of five pairs of cancer and matching normal samples. In total, 407 non-synonymous somatic point mutations have been identified in these genomes and the most recurrent mutations were harbored by genes such as Mucins (MUC3A and MUC12) and transcription factors (ZNF717, ZNF595 and TP53). 679 genomic rearrangements were detected which affect 355 protein-coding genes; and 76 genes show copy number changes. The focus of the functional analysis is to validate the biological relevance of each variant to cancer formation and progression, particularly to explore the to-be-determined causal relationships between the observed mutations in cancer genomes and cancer development. Additionally, we have attempted to investigate the mechanism of how these variants form in each tumor and discuss about multiple possible factors that may affect the susceptibility to each specific chromosomal changes. For examples, structural correlation between two boundaries of most rearrangements was observed based on the Hi-C data analysis, which indicate these rearrangements may happen among DNA fragments in close spatial proximity, especially when two endpoints stay in a similar replication phase. Sequence analysis on the flacking region of those rearrangements also showed clear evidences that about half of these genomic changes may be involved in the mechanism of microhomology-mediated break induced replication (MMBIR). Furthermore, DNA integrations from Helicobacter pylori have been detected for the first time, for instance, in the gene region of PREX2, which may reflect a new mechanism about how H. pylori induce cancer development. Overall, the in-depth analyses on these sequenced genomes lead to the detection of a myriad of novel genomic variations in gastric cancer, which in turn bring new insights in our understanding of the genetic basis and indicate new molecular mechanism of the gastric tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Juan Cui, Ying Xu. Toward understanding the genomic alterations in human gastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5174. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5174
Pressures on the Millimeter of Mercury
Authors: John O Rose
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

American physicians, biomedical scientists and health workers are generally unaware that, in many parts of the world, our venerable unit of blood and other pressures, the millimeter of mercury, is scheduled to be removed from use. In its place will appear the kilopascal.Unlike the inch or foot, dependent on the length of a portion of some ancient dignitary's anatomy, the mm Hg as a unit of measurement has made sense. It expresses a quantity in terms of the manner in which the measurement is made. Few units are less ambiguous. It has an exciting history and a visual impact. . . .
Oral iron chelation is here: Author's reply
Authors: G J Kontoghiorghes
Journal: BMJ (1991)

LI may outweigh the risks of its possible toxicity, and its introduction in such patients may now be appropriate" seem overenthusiastic.Certainly it is in stark contrast to an earlier editorial in the Lancet, which questioned the efficacy of LI and drew attention to the unacceptable incidence of side effects, recommending that "this compound should no longer be given to patients."4
A phase 2 trial of HQK-1001 in HbE-β thalassemia demonstrates HbF induction and reduced anemia
Authors: Poramin Patthamalai, Suthat Fuchareon, Nattawara Chaneiam, Richard G. Ghalie, David H. K. Chui, Michael S. Boosalis, Susan P. Perrine
Journal: Blood (2014)
Dystrophins carrying spectrin-like repeats 16 and 17 anchor nNOS to the sarcolemma and enhance exercise performance in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy
Authors: Yi Lai, Gail D. Thomas, Yongping Yue, Hsiao T. Yang, Dejia Li, Chun Long, Luke Judge, Brian Bostick, Jeffrey S. Chamberlain, Ronald L. Terjung, Dongsheng Duan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Sarcolemma-associated neuronal NOS (nNOS) plays a critical role in normal muscle physiology. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the loss of sarcolemmal nNOS leads to functional ischemia and muscle damage; however, the mechanism of nNOS subcellular localization remains incompletely understood. According to the prevailing model, nNOS is recruited to the sarcolemma by syntrophin, and in DMD this localization is altered. Intriguingly, the presence of syntrophin on the membrane does not always restore sarcolemmal nNOS. Thus, we wished to determine whether dystrophin functions in subcellular localization of nNOS and which regions may be necessary. Using in vivo transfection of dystrophin deletion constructs, we show that sarcolemmal targeting of nNOS was dependent on the spectrin-like repeats 16 and 17 (R16/17) within the rod domain. Treatment of mdx mice (a DMD model) with R16/17-containing synthetic dystrophin genes effectively ameliorated histological muscle pathology and improved muscle strength as well as exercise performance. Furthermore, sarcolemma-targeted nNOS attenuated alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction in contracting muscle and improved muscle perfusion during exercise as measured by Doppler and microsphere circulation. In summary, we have identified the dystrophin spectrin-like repeats 16 and 17 as a novel scaffold for nNOS sarcolemmal targeting. These data suggest that muscular dystrophy gene therapies based on R16/17-containing dystrophins may yield better clinical outcomes than the current therapies.
Effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on serum leptin in normal human subjects.
Authors: G Boden, X Chen, J W Kolaczynski, M Polansky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We have studied the effect of prolonged hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia on serum leptin levels in young nonobese males during 72-h euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic ( approximately 8.5 and 12.6 mM) clamps. Hyperinsulinemia increased serum leptin concentrations (by RIA) dose-dependently. An increase in serum insulin concentration of > 200 pM for > 24 h was needed to significantly increase serum leptin. An increase of approximately 800 pM increased serum leptin by approximately 70% over 72 h. Changes in plasma glucose concentrations (from approximately 5.0 to approximately 12.6 mM) or changes in plasma FFA concentrations (from < 100 to > 1,000 microM) had no effect on serum leptin. Serum leptin concentrations changed with circadian rhythmicity. The cycle length was approximately 24 h, and the cycle amplitude (peak to trough) was approximately 50%. The circadian leptin cycles and the circadian cycles of total body insulin sensitivity (i.e., GIR, the glucose infusion rates needed to maintain euglycemia during hyperinsulinemic clamping) changed in a mirror image fashion. Moreover, GIR decreased between Days 2 and 3 (from 11.4+/-0.2 to 9. 8+/-0.2 mg/kg min, P< 0.05) when mean 24-h leptin levels reached a peak. In summary, we found (a) that 72 h of hyperinsulinemia increased serum leptin levels dose-dependently; (b) that hyperglycemia or high plasma FFA levels did not affect leptin release; (c) that leptin was released with circadian rhythmicity, and (d) that 24-h leptin cycles correlated inversely with 24-h cycles of insulin sensitivity. We speculate that the close positive correlation between body fat and leptin is mediated, at least in part, by insulin.
Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation
Authors: R. A. Nye
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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EYE INJURIES PRODUCED BY BLOWS WITHOUT PENETRATION OF OCULAR TISSUES.
Authors: ALBERT B. HALE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

I have just been favored with the usual medical triplet of similar cases, this time all being due to our Fourth of July celebration. Our lack of civic control in such matters suggests the necessity of a more direct education of the people in regard to the danger of slow explosives as commonly found in the so-called giant firecracker, for it will be a pity to wait till every family has had personal experience in the matter, before we conclude that promiscuous noise is a necessary token of exuberant patriotism. My three cases all involved the right eye, two were due to firecrackers thrown from the hand of another person, and while two will end in greatly restricted usefulness, one eye has completely lost its function and may probably have to come out, within the not distant future. M. H., male, 27 years old, tailor by trade, was sitting quietly
Ursolic acid ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in the rat by specific induction of apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Xu Wang, Kenichi Ikejima, Kazuyoshi Kon, Kumiko Arai, Tomonori Aoyama, Kyoko Okumura, Wataru Abe, Nobuhiro Sato, Sumio Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Evolutive Recanalization of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Bárbara C. Das Neves, Iván J. Núñez-Gil, Fernando Alfonso, Rosana Hernández, Cecilia Cuevas, Pilar Jimenez Quevedo, Jose J. Gomez de Diego, Javier Escaned, Carlos Macaya, Antonio Fernández Ortiz
Journal: Circulation (2014)
ETIOLOGY OF MALFORMATIONS OF FETUS
Authors: B. R. Sleeman
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I understand that the theory has recently been advanced that those monsters which have been thought to owe their origin to causes already existing in the germ (primary germ variation, inheritance, atavism) in reality have as their causative factor some endocrine disturbance on the part of the mother. With reference to these conflicting ideas, the following report may be of interest: Mrs. W. F., aged 34, at her fourth confinement, and two weeks before term, was delivered of twin boys. The first born of the twins was a pronounced micromelus with cretin-like facies. This boy lived about three hours. The second, born one hour later, was normally developed and is living and well. The approximate weights were 5¼ and 4¾ pounds (2.4 and 2.1 Kg.), respectively. These were double ovum twins; the placentas were entirely separated, and each placenta was extruded after the birth of the corresponding
Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Alveolar Gas Exchange in Man during Acclimatization to 12,470 ft
Authors: Richard S. Kronenberg, Peter Safar, Joseph Lee, Fred Wright, William Noble, Eric Wahrenbrock, Robert Hickey, Edwin Nemoto, John W. Severinghaus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange were studied in four physicians during 72 hr acclimatization to 12,470 ft. Pulmonary catheters were left in three subjects for 72 hr. Resting mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) rose progressively during the first 24 hr from 10.3 +/-1.0 to 21.1 +/-4.0 torr and remained at this level. During this same 24 hr period cardiac output increased from 7.1 +/-1.4 to 8.4 +/-2.0 liters/min and total pulmonary resistance rose from 122 +/-16 to 209 +/-40 dynes.sec/cm(-5). Excercise at 60 w after 24 hr of hypoxia increased PAP to 28.8 +/-5.1 torr and decreased total pulmonary resistance to 155 +/-25. Shunt fractions were 11 +/-3.8% after 24 hr at altitude and fell to 7 +/-0% after 72 hr. Alveolar to arterial O(2) difference (P(A-a)(O2)) breathing oxygen fell from 116 +/-10.8 to 92 +/-33.3 torr during the same period of acclimatization, whereas dead space to tidal volume ratio (V(D)/V(T)) rose from 33 +/-4.0% to 40 +/-5.3% and P(A-a)(O2) breathing ambient air rose from 8 +/-2.6 to 11 +/-3.0 torr. Inspiratory static lung compliance decreased significantly from a control of 176 +/-8 to 141 +/-8 ml/cm H(2)O after 72 hr of hypoxia. After 4-7 days at altitude, further deterioration in gas exchange was observed after a 5 mile, 1800 ft climb to the summit (14,255 ft) and return. P(A-a)(O2) on air rose from 2.5 +/-2.1 just before starting, to 16.3 +/-2.8 at the summit (rested), and was still 9.0 +/-2.2 several hours after returning. The O(2)-breathing values paralleled these, whereas dead space appeared to fall. We speculate that the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension which develops over 24 hr in some way may be responsible for a reduction of compliance and deterioration in oxygen exchange efficiency, possibly representing a sub-clinical form of pulmonary edema of high altitude. The increased alveolar to arterial O(2) difference induced by hypoxic exercise persists for several hours of hypoxic rest.
Dr. Robert L. Annan.
Authors: Albert L. Gihon
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of June 8, on page 909, under the caption, "An Example to be Followed" it is stated that "Dr. Andrew Auvan of Emmitsburg, Md., who was 90 years old on April 27, has contributed $50 to the Rush Monument Fund." In a communication written immediately on reading this paragraph, but which has evidently failed to reach you, I begged you to state that the worthy physician whose example I hoped would be followed was Dr. Andrew Annan, of Emmitsburg, Md., whose father, Dr. Robert Landales Annan, was a student of Dr. Rush, and whose certificate of qualification for the practice of medicine, bearing this great man's signature, is now in the possession of the latter's grandson, Dr. Robert L. Annan, of Emmitsburg. In asking you to make this correction,I beg also to remind the members of theAssociationthat at its last meeting it
Acroparaesthesiae and Acromegaly
Authors: A. W. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1960)

The syndrome of acroparaesthesiae due to compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel, with the relief obtained by section of the transverse carpal ligament, has recently attracted much attention.It might be expected that diseases causing abnormalities of the carpal tunnel should frequently give rise to acro- paraesthesiae, but examples have not often been recorded.Bony lesions, such as a dislocated lunate, and haemorrhage have been reported by Watson-Jones (1949).A neuroma was mentioned by Cannon and Love (1946), though it is not clear from their paper that this was a tunibur in the strict sense.The syndrome has been reported in myxoedema (Schiller and Kolb, 1954;