tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of genital ulcers with infliximab in Behcet's disease
Authors: G Haugeberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To establish what proportion of patients completing a UK pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme meet the 2018 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guideline (NG115) criteria to have a respiratory review to establish whether referral to a lung volume reduction multidisciplinary team would be appropriate. This respiratory review would include evaluation of the presence of hyperinflation and the presence of emphysema on CT scan. The NICE criteria include measures of breathlessness and exercise capacity but these parameters are not completely defined. <h3>Design</h3> Observational study. <h3>Setting</h3> PR programmes across the UK in 2015 (210 centres) and 2017 (184 centres) entering data into the Royal College of Physicians' National Asthma and COPD Audit Programme. <h3>Participants</h3> 8295 (55.7%) of 14 889 patients in programmes using incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) or 6-minute walk test (6MWT) as an outcome measure completed PR, and 4856 (32.6%) had complete data recorded (6MWT/ISWT, baseline spirometry, Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea score). <h3>Results</h3> Depending on the walking test safety threshold adopted for the ISWT (≥140 m or ≥ 80 m) and the MRC dyspnoea score threshold used (MRC score ≥3 or ≥4 at the end of PR), between 4.9% and 18.1% of PR completers met the NICE criteria for a lung volume reduction-focused respiratory review. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Lung volume reduction therapies are beneficial in appropriately selected patients with COPD, but few procedures are performed, and treatment pathways are unclear. These data help to inform the feasibility of the approach recommended by NICE and highlight the need for future systematic pathways to reduce inequalities in patients being considered for effective treatments.
Electron Micrograph of Plasna Lipoprotein Molecule (S <sub>f</sub> 10-20)
Authors: JOHN J. PRENDERGAST, D. MAXWELL TEAGUE
Journal: Circulation (1951)

As part of a current study of cardiovascular disease, electron microscope photographs were obtained which confirm the presence of a lipoprotein molecule comparable in size to the S f 10-20 molecules found with the ultracentrifuge.
Outbreak of Trypanosomiasis
Authors: R. G. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1952)

The results of examining bacteriologically the stools of 234 home contacts are given: 78 (33.3%) were found to be symptomless carriers.Spread of infection within the schools is described.Apart from the original infant school affected, direct spread within the classroom did not appear to have been the usual mode.The home played a greater part in spreading infection.Results did not suggest that the density of infection was greater in dirty than in clean homes.I thank Dr. J. F. Warin, medical officer of health, City of Oxford, for much help and advice during the investigation,
Cost Effectiveness of Defibrillation by Targeted Responders in Public Settings
Authors: G. Nichol, T. Valenzuela, D. Roe, L. Clark, E. Huszti, G.A. Wells
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is frequent and has poor outcomes. Defibrillation by trained targeted nontraditional responders improves survival versus historical controls, but it is unclear whether such defibrillation is a good value for the money. Therefore, this study estimated the incremental cost effectiveness of defibrillation by targeted nontraditional responders in public settings by using decision analysis.A Markov model evaluated the potential cost effectiveness of standard emergency medical services (EMS) versus targeted nontraditional responders. Standard EMS included first-responder defibrillation followed by advanced life support. Targeted nontraditional responders included standard EMS supplemented by defibrillation by trained lay responders. The analysis adopted a US societal perspective. Input data were derived from published or publicly available data. Future costs and effects were discounted at 3%. Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of results. Standard EMS had a median of 0.47 (interquartile range [IQR]=0.32 to 0.69) quality-adjusted life years and a median of 14 100 dollars (IQR=8600 dollars to 21 900 dollars) costs per arrest. Targeted nontraditional responders in casinos had an incremental cost of a median 56 700 dollars (IQR=44 100 dollars to 77 200 dollars) per additional quality-adjusted life year. The results were sensitive to changes in time to defibrillation, incidence of arrest, and number of devices required to implement rapid defibrillation.Where cardiac arrest is frequent and response time intervals are short, rapid defibrillation by targeted nontraditional responders may be a good value for the money compared with standard EMS. The incidence of arrest should be considered when choosing locations to implement public access defibrillation.
Epstein–Barr-Virus Induced Lymphoproliferation
Authors: John L. Sullivan, Peter Medveczky, Stephen J. Forman, Sharon M. Baker, James E. Monroe, Carel Mulder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

EPSTEIN–BARR virus (EBV), a transforming herpesvirus that infects and replicates in B lymphocytes, is being increasingly recognized as a cause of lymphoproliferative disorders in immunodeficient hosts. Males with the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome,1 , 2 recipients of renal,3 bone-marrow,4 or cardiac transplants,5 and patients with severe combined immunodeficiency,6 ataxia telangiectasia,7 or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome8 have had fatal EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disorders. Infrequently, normal persons may die of EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disorders9 including those of the central nervous system.10 Treatment of these disorders has not been particularly successful, and antiviral agents are being investigated.One such agent, acyclovir (9-[2-hydroxyethoxy-methyl] guanine) was recently found to be . . .
VTD consolidation, without bisphosphonates, reduces bone resorption and is associated with a very low incidence of skeletal-related events in myeloma patients post ASCT
Authors: E Terpos, D Christoulas, E Kastritis, M Roussou, M Migkou, E Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou, M Gavriatopoulou, M Gkotzamanidou, N Kanellias, E Manios, C Papadimitriou, M A Dimopoulos
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
The Effect of Insurance Status on Mortality and Procedural Use in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Sarah M. Lyon, Nicole M. Benson, Colin R. Cooke, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Sarah J. Ratcliffe, Jeremy M. Kahn
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Lack of health insurance maybe an independent risk factor for mortality and differential treatment in critical illness.To determine whether uninsured critically ill patients had differences in 30-day mortality and critical care service use compared with those with private insurance and to determine if outcome variability could be attributed to patient-level or hospital-level effects.Retrospective cohort study using Pennsylvania hospital discharge data with detailed clinical risk adjustment, from fiscal years 2005 and 2006, consisting of 167 general acute care hospitals, with 138,720 critically ill adult patients 64 years of age or younger.Measurements were 30-day mortality and receipt of five critical care procedures. Uninsured patients had an absolute 30-day mortality of 5.7%, compared with 4.6% for those with private insurance and 6.4% for those with Medicaid. Increased 30-day mortality among uninsured patients persisted after adjustment for patient characteristics (odds ratio [OR], 1.25 for uninsured vs. insured; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.50) and hospital-level effects (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05–1.51). Compared with insured patients, uninsured patients had decreased risk-adjusted odds of receiving a central venous catheter (OR, 0.84; 95% CI,0.72–0.97), acute hemodialysis (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39–0.91), and tracheostomy (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.29–0.64).Lack of health insurance is associated with increased 30-day mortality and decreased use of common procedures for the critically ill in Pennsylvania. Differences were not attributable to hospital-level effects, suggesting that the uninsured have a higher mortality and receive fewer procedures when compared with privately insured patients treated at the same hospitals.
Chemicals and children's environment: what we don't know about risks.
Authors: L R Goldman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Although we know that certain types of childhood cancers are increasing, we do not know why. With few exceptions, we know little about the role of environmental carcinogens in childhood cancer. Generally, we have adequate information to screen chemicals for potential hazard for only certain categories of chemicals--drugs, food additives, and pesticides. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is implementing the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act, which provides added protections against pesticide risks, especially for children. But the situation is quite different for many industrial chemicals. We lack even basic toxicity data for a majority of the U.S. EPA's list of approximately 3000 nonpolymeric high-production-volume industrial chemicals being produced in the United States each year that are found in consumer products and the workplace. We know even less about the remaining 70,000 chemicals on the U.S. EPA inventory. The U.S. EPA has initiatives underway to address the risks posed by some of these commercial chemicals, including efforts to reduce risks posed by indoor air pollutants and household products. These initiatives specifically address children's risks. We are supporting toxicity screening of high-volume industrial chemicals on a cooperative international basis through the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Until more information is available, it is difficult to assess the possible role of these chemicals in childhood cancer and to take steps to reduce exposure to children.
Pathologic Radioresponse of Preoperatively Irradiated Invasive Thymomas
Authors: Takuya Onuki, Shigemi Ishikawa, Tatsuo Yamamoto, Hiromichi Ito, Mitsuaki Sakai, Masataka Onizuka, Yuzuru Sakakibara, Tatsuo Iijima, Masayuki Noguchi, Kiyoshi Ohara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Asthma's changing prevalence.
Authors: J. Britton
Journal: BMJ (1992)

increasing the rates of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and arterial bypass surgery will have no discernible effect on rates of amputation unless some of the additional revascularisations are in patients with critical limb ischaemia who would otherwise have received substandard care.The first priority in organising care for patients with occlusive arterial disease ofthe limbs must be to ensure that all patients with critical limb ischaemia have immediate access to specialist vascular units offering the full range of re- vascularising techniques, including distal bypass to crural and foot vessels.Bypass grafting to vessels below the knee is time consuming and expensive, but, even when reoperation is required, overall hospital costs are lower than for primary amputation and the huge community costs of long term care of amputees may be avoided entirely.4Treatment for patients with intermittent claudication remains vexed.Patients with claudication often live in fear of amputation, although the likelihood of this is only about 1% a year5; in contrast, they seldom worry about their premature demise yet 40% will die within eight years,6 mostly from cardiac or cerebral events.Antiplatelet treatment with aspirin reduces mortality from vascular disease by one sixth7 and should be offered to all patients unless specifically contra- indicated.Stopping smoking and adhering to a programme of regular exercise can provide symptomatic reliefofclaudication with no risk.8In those patients who are still disabled despite conservative management the benefits of revascularisation, such as increased walking distance, should be carefully balanced against the risks of operation.Many patients will make an informed choice that transluminal angioplasty or bypass surgery is preferable to continuing disability, and they can legitimately expect that resources are available to meet their needs.The prevalence of intermittent claudication in men over 50 is at least 3%.9Even if treatment is restricted to those who are most disabled the costs of meeting the latent demand will be considerable.
Translocation mechanisms of chemically functionalised carbon nanotubes across plasma membranes
Authors: Lara Lacerda, Julie Russier, Giorgia Pastorin, M. Antonia Herrero, Enrica Venturelli, Hélène Dumortier, Khuloud T. Al-Jamal, Maurizio Prato, Kostas Kostarelos, Alberto Bianco
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Renal transplantation from a blood group A<sub>1</sub>B donor to an A<sub>2</sub>B recipient: A case report
Authors: Gonzalo Albornoz, Steven Korb, Richard Kolovich, Jimmy A. Light
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

This case report describes the transplantation of a kidney from an A1B donor to a recipient who was blood group A2B. The donor/recipient pair were ABO mismatched but compatible. In the majority of cases, A1 antibodies fail to react at 37 degrees C and are of no clinical significance. However, hemolytic transfusion reactions due to A1 antibodies active at 37 degrees C have been reported but are extremely rare. When the opportunity for transplantation arose for this patient, who had received multiple blood transfusions because of dialysis, the question of safety concerning the subject of transplanting across ABO sub-grouping mismatches was presented. Inquiries regarding this matter proved fruitless and the transplant was performed mainly due to the lack of preformed anti-A, antibodies in the recipient at the time of transplant. It was hoped that the A2B recipient would fail to make an anti-A1 antibody due to antigen exposure or if it did, would not pose a hazard to the allograft. Therefore we present our experience with a patient who was successfully transplanted across an ABO incompatible sub-grouping, A1B allograft to an A2B recipient.
Head Injury-Associated Deaths in the United States From 1979 to 1986
Authors: Daniel M. Sosin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Review of US mortality data from 1979 to 1986 identified 315 328 deaths associated with head injury, which represented 2% of all deaths, 26% of injury deaths, and an annualized head injury-associated death rate of 16.9 per 100 000 residents. Motor vehicles (57%), firearms (14%), and falls (12%) were the most frequent causes. Death rates peaked at 15 to 24 years of age and at 75 years or older, with the younger group most affected by motor vehicles (77%) and the older group by falls (43%). Although blacks and whites had similar death rates overall, age- and cause-specific rates varied considerably. The rate of head injury-associated death for males was three times that of females. Rates for head injury-associated death plateaued after declining in the early 1980s. Physicians can play an important role in primary prevention of head injury through careful prescribing of medications, patient counseling, and advocacy of proved interventions such as motor vehicle-occupant restraints. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:2251-2255)
SOME MORE TRICHO CASES
Authors: F. J. Eichenlaub
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —It is my understanding that you are collecting data on bad results following the Tricho System of removing superfluous hair. I should like to report the following four cases. I have seen several others but, unfortunately, kept no record of them:  Mrs. E. F.  —This patient, aged 30, reported she had had about thirty Tricho treatments for the removal of superfluous hair of the legs in 1927. At the present time she presents extensive telangiectasia and beginning atrophy over the entire extensor surface of both legs from the hips down.  Miss C. R. M.  —Patient, aged 28, claimed to have had twenty-four Tricho system treatments over the face in 1926. At the present time she presents, over both cheeks and chin, marked atrophy and wrinkling of the skin, with telangiectasia. Over the angle of one jaw there is a triangular, indurated ulcer, suspicious of a beginning malignancy.
THE VITAL ACTION OF THE DENTAL PULP.
Authors: R R Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1904)

I had the honor, several years ago, of reading a paper before this section on "The Embryology of the Dental Pulp." This paper gave a minute description of the various processes taking place during the development of the tooth, from its formative pulp. I propose in the present essay to consider the nature of the mature pulp and to call your attention to its vital action after the tooth is formed. I shall consider the pulp within the pulp chamber and its myriad fibrils, for these fibrils are as much a part of the pulp as any portion of it, and are the channels by which its vital functions are carried on. These canals are slightly undulating and radiate from the pulp chamber to the outer surface of the dentin. Each canal contains a fiber bathed in a fluid, and this fiber is an arm of the pulp. Branches from
Progestogen-Induced Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: None Candy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A distinctive adenomatous and cribriform hyperplasia of gland and reserve cells of the uterine cervix is attributed to progestogens. The lesions were polypoid or verrucose and located near the squamocolumnar junction. Carcinoma was usually suspected on clinical examination, and on biopsy the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was either made or seriously entertained for seven of 12 patients. The natural history of the lesion does not indicate any likelihood of progression to carcinoma.
Notch, Id2, and RORγt sequentially orchestrate the fetal development of lymphoid tissue inducer cells
Authors: Marie Cherrier, Shinichiro Sawa, Gérard Eberl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Lymphoid tissue development is initiated during embryogenesis by the migration of lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells from the fetal liver to the periphery, where they induce the formation of lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches. In the fetal liver, a subset of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) that expresses the integrin α4β7 gives rise to LTi cells, a process strictly dependent on the expression of the transcriptional repressor Id2 and the nuclear hormone receptor retinoic acid–related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt). In this study, we show that Id2 and RORγt are sequentially up-regulated during LTi cell development, matching two waves of differentiation with opposite requirements for Notch signaling. Both the expression of Id2 and Notch are required for the generation of α4β7+ RORγt− fetal progenitors, but Notch subsequently blocks progression to the RORγt+ stage and final maturation of LTi cells. Notch is therefore a necessary switch to engage the LTi developmental pathway, but needs to be turned off later to avoid diversion to the T cell fate.
CASE OF CONVULSIONS BEFORE LABOUR, WITH LOSS OF SIGHT
Authors: P. Roscow
Journal: BMJ (1855)

BeqM. aged 4 a o, h ty n, of ula gand tempate habits, prnt ote the *y expecting Whr confimnemnt had been suffing for v alom ge atlet dit ion of the stoma yb e with pif eructations; pains about the mides ietc., wih forthroe sucouiVe nights had o rest.n the 19th of July, at ll .x., I was sent for in great bads to vWisit Mrs. G, and on rriving at the house, was in-
Clinician Communication Associated with Diabetic Patients' Comprehension of Their Therapeutic Regimen
Authors: Steven A Mazzuca, Morris Weinberger, DeWayne J Kurpius, Thomas C Froehle, Marianna Heister
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The purpose of this study was to identify the types of statements used by medical and nursing clinicians in encounters with diabetic outpatients that are associated with accurate comprehension of their therapeutic regimen. Encounters between 19 clinicians and 29 patients followed in an urban diabetes clinic were examined. Statements made by clinicians were classified by trained observers according to an 11-category observation scheme. Immediately after the encounters, each patient was interviewed and asked to recall his or her regimen as just discussed. Recall was verified by review of a videotape of the encounter. By use of multiple discriminant analysis, a combination of three types of statements by clinicians was found to predict high (better than 80%) comprehension by patients: demonstrating respect, sharing current clinical data, and acknowledging patient statements (inversely). Insofar as patient comprehension of the diabetic regimen is a prerequisite for compliance with that regimen, this study suggests that the chances for therapeutic success are increased when the interaction of clinician and patient takes a certain tone. Most importantly, the clinician should be informative. Current laboratory and physical findings should be shared with the patient in order to make more obvious the successes and failures of recent attempts at compliance. As suggested in previous research, this information should have its strongest effect when conveyed in a nonthreatening manner.
Noel Frank Collett Gowing
Authors: Stephen Kane, Albert Cilia-Vincenti
Journal: BMJ (2008)

After house jobs at St George’s Hospital, Noel Frank Collett Gowing served in Europe as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps. Returning to St George’s in 1945, he trained in histopathology, becoming a senior lecturer there.

He moved to the Royal Marsden Hospital as consultant histopathologist in 1957, …
The New Federal Medical-Privacy Rule
Authors: Jennifer Kulynych, David Korn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

On August 9, 2002, the Department of Health and Human Services released the final version of the federal medical-privacy rule (Federal Register 67: 53182–53273, 2002). The release ended a tortuous process dating back to September 1997, when the secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services provided Congress with recommendations for legislation to protect the privacy of medical information. Congress was unable to pass a medical-privacy statute by August 1999, the deadline specified by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. The act empowered the secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to issue . . .
Skin And Drug Provocation Tests In The Diagnosis Of Non-Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions To Iodinated Contrast Media
Authors: M.J. Torres, F. Gomez, A. Rosado, I. Doña, N. Blanca-Lopez, M.D. Cañamero, L. Melendez, G. Canto, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Cassel: physician advocate for the elderly
Authors: Donald E. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The scene looks like teaching rounds in the intensive care unit of any university hospital. On closer inspection, it reveals unique features. Attending physician, house officers, and students stand at the bedside of a critically ill, comatose, elderly man. The attending physician asks a resident physician: "Are you comfortable with our decision regarding surgery? Do you know anything of the patient's feelings about 'medical heroics' before he became unresponsive? What other issues do we need to discuss?" The conversation then shifts to hyponatremia and hyperglycemia; this teacher is equally facile with these more concrete subjects. She is Christine K. Cassel, MD, associate professor of medicine and chief, section of general internal medicine, at the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago. In addition to her internal medicine responsibilities, Cassel serves on the faculty of the university's Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, headed by Mark Siegler, MD, an Editorial Board member