tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"CONVULSIONS AND DEATH, PROBABLY FROM COCAINE"
Authors: E. A. Stapleton
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with interest the query by M.D., U. S. Navy, "Convulsions and Death, Probably from Cocaine," inThe Journal, September 12, page 166. I think it might be a good idea for the inquirer to find out how the cocaine solution had been prepared and whether it was sterilized in an autoclave or if it had been exposed to high heat for considerable time, as a change takes place with the production of toxic substances, probably similar to hydrocyanic acid, commonly called prussic acid, when high heat is used. My attention was called to this matter years ago when I had two close calls. The first was a rugged patient aged 46, who did considerable public speaking and was bothered with hoarseness, caused by discharge from the posterior ethmoids. This patient had cocaine used in his nose for diagnostic purposes on various occasions and had shown
Human Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy — A Mystery Solved?
Authors: Richard J. Glassock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Just over 50 years ago, the late David Jones1 identified (using the periodic acid–Schiff and methenamine silver stains) the unique glomerular pathologic features of membranous nephropathy, thus distinguishing it from other causes of "nephrotic glomerulonephritis." Subsequent immunofluorescence and electron-microscopical studies established that membranous nephropathy was also characterized by striking granular aggregations of IgG and electron-dense deposits along the outer (or subepithelial) aspect of the glomerular basement membrane. These glomerular IgG deposits were initially believed to represent an accumulation of immune complexes arising from the circulation, as is found with glomerulonephritis in a rabbit model (chronic serum sickness).In 1959, Heymann . . .
The Disposition of Unused Frozen Embryos
Authors: Susan C. Klock, Sandra Sheinin, Ralph R. Kazer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: The disposition of unused embryos is a pressing problem for in vitro fertilization programs.1,2 Although cryopreservation of embryos gives couples the chance to make additional attempts at pregnancy, unused frozen embryos create a storage problem and require couples to make difficult decisions regarding their disposition. Divorcing couples have had contentious disputes over embryos.3 In addition, interest in the use of these omnipotent cells for genetic research raises concern about unauthorized or inappropriate use. In vitro fertilization clinics offer these disposition options: continued cryopreservation, uterine transfer, donation to an infertile couple, donation to research, and disposal. In . . .
On the horizon: a pharmacopeia of targeted drugs?
Authors: C. A. Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABC of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmic services in the NHS. Ophthalmologists and opticians.
Authors: P A Gardiner
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Ophthalmologists and opticiansThe ophthalmic services are broadly divided into two groups: the hospital-based services and the General Ophthalmic Service (GOS), which provides a service limited-to sight testing (refraction) outside hospital.There is also special provision for schoolchildren, which is now under the community health services.Specialists dealing with the care of eyes also fall into two distinct t * 11 I O E I I groups: those with medical qualifications and those without- ophthalmologists and opticians respectively.Ao -H L A Consultants in ophthalmology have to possess surgical qualifications.N T C O Most eye disorders, however, do not need purely surgical treatment, and H/> N T-O L A E T many are part of diseases of a general medical or neurological nature.The ( l L " E TI1 0 .| consultant's professional life is therefore generally a blend of sulgery, *medicine, and refraction.Refraction is important because abnormalities obstruct normal function and its assessment.m | .1There are also many other doctors practising full-time or part-time Hospital | | School| General.|ophthalmology who have limited their activities by excluding surgery.The eye ye ohtholmic GOS, however, recognises only their ability to diagnose and does not see see sp miC.permit them to treat outside hospital, except by prescribing glasses.service service sexrvice |Treatment other than glasses cannot be obtained under the GOS, though the general practitioner may, of course, treat eye disorders medically, with or without advice from an ophthalmologist.The result is that many
The Chicle Crisis
Authors: Douglas R. Bey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to commend Dr. G. G. Liddle for his courage in reporting a case of chewing gum withdrawal in "The Unlockjaw Syndrome" (229:268, 1974). This problem has long been taboo in our society. Only now, through the efforts of medical pioneers like Dr. Liddle, can physicians break down their own resistance to working with these pitiful cases. As important as this work is, we would urge doctors now to push beyond the level of direct care to future programs of primary prevention of the "unlockjaw syndrome." We would want to begin with a massive public educational program using all available forms of media. Teams of paraprofessionals would be hastily trained and sent out as advocates and outreach workers to the grade schools to show children displays of gum wrappers and pictures of stickylipped derelicts lying forgotten in gutters. With the help of federal funding, comprehensive
Hemoglobin Hasharon (α247 his(CD5)β2): a hemoglobin found in low concentration
Authors: S. Charache, A. M. Mondzac, U. Gessner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Hemoglobin Hasharon (alpha(2) (47 his)(CD5)beta(2)) was found to comprise only 16-19% of hemolysates of carriers. These heterozygotes appeared to have mild, compensated, hemolytic anemia. Hb Hasharon was more heat-labile than hemoglobins A, S, or C. Its specific activity was higher than that of Hb A after administration of (59)Fe to two carriers. When hemoglobin synthesis by bone marrow cells was studied in vitro, about 18% of incorporated leucine appeared in the Hb Hasharon fraction. It is suggested that Hb Hasharon is unstable in vivo, and that mild hemolytic anemia and a relatively small decrease in its concentration in hemolysates result from its denaturation within red cells. Decreased synthesis, which appears to be the major cause of the small amount of abnormal hemoglobin, may protect heterozygotes from clinically significant hemolytic anemia.
Chronic Amiodarone Evokes No Torsade de Pointes Arrhythmias Despite QT Lengthening in an Animal Model of Acquired Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Jurren M. van Opstal, Marieke Schoenmakers, S. Cora Verduyn, S.H. Marieke de Groot, Jet D.M. Leunissen, Ferenc F. van der Hulst, Mirella M.C. Molenschot, Hein J.J. Wellens, Marc A. Vos
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic drug rarely associated with torsade de pointes arrhythmias (TdP). The noniodinated compound dronedarone could resemble amiodarone and be devoid of the adverse effects. In the dog with chronic complete atrioventricular (AV) block (CAVB) and acquired long-QT syndrome, the electrophysiological and proarrhythmic properties of the drugs were compared after 4 weeks of oral treatment. Methods and Results Amiodarone (n=7, 40 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) and dronedarone (n=8, 20 mg/kg BID) were started at 6 weeks of CAVB (baseline). Six dogs served as controls. Surface ECGs and endocardially placed monophasic action potential catheters in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles were recorded to assess QTc time, action potential duration (APD), interventricular dispersion (ΔAPD=LV APD minus RV APD), early afterdepolarizations (EADs), ectopic beats, and TdP. Both amiodarone (+21%) and dronedarone (+31%) increased QTc time. Amiodarone showed no increase in ΔAPD in 4 of 7 dogs, whereas dronedarone augmented ΔAPD in 7 of 8 animals. After dronedarone, TdP occurred in 4 of 8 dogs with the highest ΔAPD (105±20 ms). TdP was never seen with amiodarone, not even in the dogs that had ΔAPD values comparable to those with dronedarone. Furthermore, a difference existed in EADs and ectopic activity incidence (dronedarone 3 of 8; amiodarone 0 of 7), which was also seen during an epinephrine challenge. Conclusions In the CAVB dog model, both amiodarone and dronedarone prolong QT time (class III effect). The absence of TdP with amiodarone seems to be related to homogeneous APD lengthening in the majority of dogs and the lack of EADs and/or ventricular ectopic beats in all.
Interaction Between Na <sup>+</sup> /K <sup>+</sup> -Pump and Na <sup>+</sup> /Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Exchanger Modulates Intercellular Communication
Authors: Vladimir V. Matchkov, Helena Gustafsson, Awahan Rahman, Donna M. Briggs Boedtkjer, Sarah Gorintin, Anne Kirstine Hansen, Elena V. Bouzinova, Helle A. Praetorius, Christian Aalkjaer, Holger Nilsson
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the Na + /K + -pump, has previously been shown to interfere with intercellular communication. Here we test the hypothesis that the communication between vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated through an interaction between the Na + /K + -pump and the Na + /Ca 2+ -exchanger leading to an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in discrete areas near the plasma membrane. [Ca 2+ ] i in smooth muscle cells was imaged in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cell pairs (A7r5) and in rat mesenteric small artery segments simultaneously with force. In A7r5 coupling between cells was estimated by measuring membrane capacitance. Smooth muscle cells were uncoupled when the Na + /K + -pump was inhibited either by a low concentration of ouabain, which also caused a localized increase of [Ca 2+ ] i near the membrane, or by ATP depletion. Reduction of Na + /K + -pump activity by removal of extracellular potassium ([K + ] o ) also uncoupled cells, but only after inhibition of K ATP channels. Inhibition of the Na + /Ca 2+ -exchange activity by SEA0400 or by a reduction of the equilibrium potential (making it more negative) also uncoupled the cells. Depletion of intracellular Na + and clamping of [Ca 2+ ] i at low concentrations prevented the uncoupling. The experiments suggest that the Na + /K + -pump may affect gap junction conductivity via localized changes in [Ca 2+ ] i through modulation of Na + /Ca 2+ -exchanger activity.
Pinnal Calcification
Authors: Victor A. McKusick
Journal: JAMA (1962)

CALCIFICATION of the external ear (pinna) is a relatively rare manifestation of a systemic disease not associated with abnormal calcium metabolism, indeed of any systemic disease. The finding is best known in Addison's disease, yet in this condition it occurs in only a small proportion of cases. Soff er, Dorf man, and Gabrilove, in their series of 55 patients with Addison's disease collected over a 25-year period, encountered only 2 patients with calcification of the external ears. Jarvis and his group found calcification of the pinnae in 6 patients out of 120 with Addison's disease. Calcified ear cartilages have also been observed in the following systemic conditions: ochronosis, acromegaly, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism.  It is the purpose of this note to demonstrate that, in addition to Addison's disease, diabetes, and other diseases mentioned, calcification of the external ear can occur in 2 uncommon systemic diseases—von Meyenburg's disease (systemic chondromalacia)
The heme moiety of cytochrome c is an autoreactive Ir gene-restricted T cell epitope.
Authors: H M Cooper, G Corradin, Y Paterson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

In these studies, we have shown that the heme moiety of cyt c is a dominant T cell epitope that induces a large proliferative response in lymph node T cells derived from SJL and B10.A mice when presented on either unfixed or fixed syngeneic APCs. Not only is this vigorous response observed for cyt c-primed T cell populations but also for populations obtained from naive SJL or B10.A mice. The reactivity to the heme moiety falls under strict MHC restriction, in that it is present only in murine strains bearing either the I-Ak or I-As molecule and can be blocked by antibodies specific for these class II molecules. Therefore, these findings require that the current models describing the nature of T cell epitopes be extended to include nonpeptide molecules. Furthermore, as the heme moiety is ubiquitous throughout the organism, although sequestered within proteins, the existence of heme-reactive T cell populations in unprimed animals provides another example of the existence of self-reactive T cell clones.
Occult hepatitis B virus infection in HBS antigen-negative patients undergoing liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease
Authors: V. Ghisetti, F. Zamboni, A. Marzano, A. Barbui, A. Franchello, S. Carenzi, G. Marchiaro, M. Rizzetto, M. Salizzoni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Serum Transferrin of Pregnant Mothers Related to Birth Weight of their Infants
Authors: T. N. Maletnlema, T. P. Eddy
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In a study of 81 pregnant mothers and their newborn infants the maternal serum transferrin concentration at about 24 weeks of gestation was shown to have a low but significant correlation with infant birth weight (r=0.33; P<0.01). Maternal undernutrition is suggested as a possible cause of low serum transferrin levels.
Normal Chest Roentgenograms in Chronic Diffuse Infiltrative Lung Disease
Authors: Gary R. Epler, Theresa C. McLoud, Edward A. Gaensler, J. Paul Mikus, Charles B. Carrington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

We undertook this study to determine the prevalence of normal roentgenograms in chronic diffuse infiltrative lung diseases. Of 458 patients with such disorders histologically confirmed, 44, or 9.6 per cent, had normal pre-biopsy films. In this group with normal x-ray films, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, sarcoidosis and allergic alveolitis were the most frequent diagnoses. Dyspnea was the principal complaint, and fine rales were common. The vital capacity was reduced in 57 per cent, and the single-breath diffusing capacity in 71 per cent. In half, histological changes and functional impairment were moderately severe. Films may be normal in such cases because isolated foci are too small or too few, because diffuse interstitial or intra-alveolar disease may cast no discrete shadows or because the lesions primarily affect airways or blood vessels. Patients with normal chest roentgenograms and normal mechanics of breathing but with impaired gas exchange should have lung biopsy for early diagnosis and therapy.
Effect of a Dopexamine-induced Increase in Cardiac Index on Splanchnic Hemodynamics in Septic Shock
Authors: PETER KIEFER, ILYAS TUGTEKIN, HEIDE WIEDECK, HENDRIK BRACHT, GÖTZ GELDNER, MICHAEL GEORGIEFF, PETER RADERMACHER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

In 12 patients with hyperdynamic septic shock we studied the effect of dopexamine, a combined dopamine and β -adrenergic agonist, on hepatosplanchnic hemodynamics and O2 exchange. All patients required noradrenaline to maintain mean arterial pressure > 60 mm Hg (noradrenaline ⩾ 0.04 μ g · kg− 1 · min− 1) with a cardiac index ⩾ 3.0 L/min/m2. Splanchnic blood flow (Q˙spl) was measured using primed continuous infusion of indocyanine green dye with hepatic venous sampling. In addition tonometric gastric mucosal–arterial and gastric mucosal–hepatic venous P co 2 gradients were assessed as indicators of regional energy balance. After 90 min of stable hemodynamics a first measurement was obtained. Then dopexamine infusion was titrated (1–4 μ g · kg− 1 · min− 1) to increase cardiac output by approximately 25% (20–30%). After 90 min all measurements were repeated, and dopexamine was withdrawn followed by a third measurement. Median Q˙spl (0.86/1.23–0.66 versus 0.96/1.42–0.85 L/min/m 2 [median value/25th–75th percentiles], p < 0.05) increased whereas the fractional contribution of Q˙spl to total blood flow decreased (21/28-13 versus 19/28–12%, p < 0.05). Although both global and regional oxygen delivery (Do 2) consistently increased, neither global or regional V˙ o 2 nor Pco 2 gradients were significantly affected. In patients with septic shock and ongoing noradrenaline treatment dopexamine seems to have no preferential effects on hepatosplanchnic hemodynamics, O2 exchange, or energy balance. Kiefer P, Tugtekin I, Wiedeck H, Bracht H, Geldner G, Georgieff M, Radermacher P. Effect of a dopexamine-induced increase in cardiac index on splanchnic hemodynamics in septic shock.
Weight Loss and Frequency of Feeding
Authors: Walter M. Bortz, Arlene Wroldsen, Bela Issekutz, Kaare Rodahl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE central role of calories in the production and A maintenance of human obesity is not susceptible to serious challenge. The elucidation of the metabolic anomalies of the hereditary hyperglycemic obese mice by Mayer et al.1 and others,2 however, has led to the consideration of causes of obesity other than simple dietary extravagance.1 , 2 Variation in the amount of exercise has been shown conclusively to be etiologically important in certain cases of obesity.3 The equivalence of isocaloric diets high in fat or carbohydrate in weight maintenance has been questioned.4 , 5 So, too, has the importance of the timing of the consumption of . . .
Placenta Growth Factor Overexpression Inhibits Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis by Depleting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Homodimers in Orthotopic Mouse Models
Authors: Lei Xu, David M. Cochran, Ricky T. Tong, Frank Winkler, Satoshi Kashiwagi, Rakesh K. Jain, Dai Fukumura
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The role of placenta growth factor (PlGF) in pathologic angiogenesis is controversial. The effects of PlGF on growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis from orthotopic tumors are not known. To this end, we stably transfected three human cancer cell lines (A549 lung, HCT116 colon, and U87-MG glioblastoma) with human plgf-2 full-length cDNA. Overexpression of PlGF did not affect tumor cell proliferation or migration in vitro. The growth of PlGF-overexpressing tumors grown orthotopically or ectopically was impaired in all three tumor models. This decrease in tumor growth correlated with a decrease in tumor angiogenesis. The PlGF-overexpressing tumors had decreased vessel density and increased vessel diameter, but vessel permeability was not different from the parental tumors. Tumors overexpressing PlGF exhibited higher levels of PlGF homodimers and PlGF/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) heterodimers but decreased levels of VEGF homodimers. Our study shows that PlGF overexpression decreases VEGF homodimer formation and inhibits tumor progression. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 3971-7)
Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to neuroprotection through regulation on glial function
Authors: Xuefei Wu, Shao Li, Qiong Wu, Yan Peng, Deqin Yu, Hecheng Wang, Dehua Chui, Jie Zhao
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Background Epigenetic mechanisms such as post-translational histone acetylation are increasingly recognized for their contribution to gene activation and silencing in the brain and contribute to neurodegeneration. Acetylation degree of histones is highly regulated by the enzymes known as histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDAC inhibition affects the expression of only a small subset of genes, leading to transcriptional activation or repression through hyperacetylation of histone or non-histone proteins. HDAC inhibitors are a class of compounds that interfere with the function of HDAC and have been viewed as promising agents to combat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Multiple mechanisms underlying the effects of HDAC inhibitors on neuroprotection and restoration of memory and motor impairments in AD or PD models have been proposed, however, little is known about the contribution of HDAC inhibition in glial cells. It has been reported that valproic acid (VPA), a drug commonly used for epilepsy and bipolar disorders, upregulates the expression of neurotrophic factors, including glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in astrocytes, which contributes to VPAmediated neurotrophic effect on dopamine neurons. VPA also induces microglia apoptosis and suppresses the production of proinflammatory factors in microglia. As VPA is a HDAC inhibitor, we hypothesize that HDAC inhibition may contribute to neuroprotection through regulating gene expressions in glial cells. Materials and methods We thus investigated the effects of several HDAC inhibitors including VPA, trichostatin (TSA), sodium phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) and nicotinamide, on neurotrophic and proinflammatory functions of astrocytes and microglia.
Efficacy of nasal mometasone for the treatment of chronic sinonasal disease in patients with inadequately controlled asthma
Authors: Anne E. Dixon, Mario Castro, Rubin I. Cohen, Lynn B. Gerald, Janet T. Holbrook, Charles G. Irvin, Shyam Mohapatra, Stephen P. Peters, Sobharani Rayapudi, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Robert A. Wise
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)