tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY OF BACILLUS INFLUENZÆ
Authors: Martha Wollstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

Influenza bacilli isolated from various pathological processes in man differ widely in pathogenic power for animals, especially rabbits. While the cultures derived from the leptomeninges and blood, and rarely from the pneumonic lung are pathogenic, those generally derived from the respiratory tract exhibit little or no virulence for rabbits. The two types of cultures as indicated by virulence for animals do not differ in kind, but only in degree, in relation to the serological tests of agglutination, complement deviation, and opsonification. The two types of cultures do, however, differ with respect to their ability to undergo autolysis. While the virulent cultures autolyze almost completely, yielding a turbid supernatant fluid and little sediment, the non-virulent cultures give rise to an abundant sediment and a clear supernatant fluid. The non-virulent cultures incite far less antibody production in rabbits. Hence, rabbits inoculated with non-virulent strains yield sera possessing low antibody content. Conversely, rabbits inoculated with virulent strains yield sera possessing a higher content of antibody. In keeping with and possibly because of the low antibody content of the sera of rabbits inoculated with the non-pathogenic strains, the rabbits so treated are not, as a rule, protected against subsequent inoculation with virulent strains. . Influenza bacilli therefore vary in pathogenic effect both for man and animals, but they are not distinguishable by means of serological reactions into different types. Apparently all influenza bacilli belong to one class or race irrespective of origin or virulence.
Nasolabial follicular sebaceous casts: a novel complication of isotretinoin therapy
Authors: G. Plewig
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Nasolabial follicular sebaceous casts: a novel complication of isotretinoin therapy Get access G. Plewig G. Plewig Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9–11, D‐80337 Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Page 919, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04169.x Published: 01 April 2001
Drug Abuse, HIV Infection, and Tuberculosis
Authors: L. S. Brown, C. P. Felton
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Braun and colleagues<sup>1</sup>and the accompanying editorial by Drs Snider and Hutton<sup>2</sup>are especially timely in focusing on the need for appropriate tuberculosis-control measures in correctional facilities. The relationship between drug abuse and tuberculosis was another finding of the study by Braun et al and confirms previous reports.<sup>3,4</sup>The significance of the drug abuse— tuberculosis association is especially intriguing, given the recent trends of the concurrent rise of tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome case reporting in the United States. The increase in case reports of tuberculosis has been explained by most investigators as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—associated immunosuppression resulting in activation of latent tuberculosis infection.<sup>4</sup> However, new infection has not been unequivocally dismissed as a possible contribution. More importantly, very little information is available about the efficacy of tuberculosis preventive or therapeutic regimens in persons with HIV infection or
Correction: Air Travel and the Spread of Influenza: Authors' Reply
Authors: John S Brownstein, Kenneth D Mandl, Cecily J Wolfe
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

In PLoS Medicine, volume 3, issue 11, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030502:

Figure 1 from this correspondence was transposed with Figure 1 from the related correspondence by Viboud and colleagues (“Air Travel and the Spread of Influenza: Important Caveats” doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030503).



Figure 1

Influence of United States Airline Volume on Influenza



The legend published with Figure 1 (“Influence of United States Airline Volume on Influenza Spread and the Timing of Yearly Transmission over 30 Influenza Seasons”) is correct. However, the figure itself should have appeared as shown below.
Study did not mention preregistration year in general practice
Authors: J. Wilton
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—The paper by Stewart et al identifying appropriate tasks for preregistration house officers continues the important debate about defining their job description, in terms of both educational and service components.1 It makes no mention, however, of preregistration house officers in general practice.

In 1997 the General Medical Council published its new recommendations for the preregistration house officer year.2 The report gives support and guidance specific to preregistration house officers in general practice. In August 1998 over 30 new preregistration …
The Greek Cancer Patient’s Knowledge and Attitudes toward His Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: G. Lavrentiadis, N. Manos, J. Christakis, C. Semoglou
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

One hundred and sixteen cancer patients were interviewed in order to investigate whether the Greek cancer patient wants to be informed and whether he knows his true diagnosis and prognosis of his illness. A semistructured interview was used and also a number of psychological parameters were assessed. Though only 15.5% of the patients named their real diagnosis, according to the interviewer's assessment 53% were strongly suspicious of their real diagnosis and 55 % suspected their real prognosis. Furthermore, 49 % when asked directly answered that they wanted to know if they had cancer and 49% disagreed with the policy of withholding the truth from the patient. The policy of telling or not telling the truth to the cancer patient in Greece is discussed in comparison with policies and attitudes in other countries.
Nutrition in High-Risk Populations
Authors: Victoria R. Liddle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Dialogue Summaries1 May 1983Nutrition in High-Risk PopulationsVictoria R. Liddle, R.D.Victoria R. Liddle, R.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-882_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPresentations were reviewed that helped us identify high-risk populations, ascertain what nutritional modifications may be beneficial, assess methods for improving compliance, and develop methods for measuring compliance. The high-risk populations include the progeny of known hypertensive persons, racial groups with an increased incidence of high blood pressure, diabetic patients, obese patients, the elderly, patients with elevated plasma cholesterol, patients with kidney disease, and persons economically deprived.Nutrition modifications that should be considered include decreasing calories to normalize weight, decreasing sodium intake, and decreasing alcohol consumption. An increase in fiber content of the diet and adequate calcium intake should be encouraged.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Vanderbilt University PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1983Volume 98, Issue 5_Part_2Page: 882-882KeywordsCalciumDietElderlyHypercholesterolemiaNutritionOverweightPopulation statisticsPrimary hypertensionRenal diseasesSodium Issue Published: 1 May 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Use Patents, Carve-Outs, and Incentives — A New Battle in the Drug-Patent Wars
Authors: Arti Rai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The Hatch–Waxman Act aims to strike a balance between the innovation incentives provided by patents and the greater access provided by generic drugs. Now the tactical landscape in the drug-patent wars has shifted again, with a recently decided Supreme Court case.
Calcium cycling proteins and heart failure: mechanisms and therapeutics
Authors: Andrew R. Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Ca2+-dependent signaling is highly regulated in cardiomyocytes and determines the force of cardiac muscle contraction. Ca2+ cycling refers to the release and reuptake of intracellular Ca2+ that drives muscle contraction and relaxation. In failing hearts, Ca2+ cycling is profoundly altered, resulting in impaired contractility and fatal cardiac arrhythmias. The key defects in Ca2+ cycling occur at the level of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a Ca2+ storage organelle in muscle. Defects in the regulation of Ca2+ cycling proteins including the ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac (RyR2)/Ca2+ release channel macromolecular complexes and the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a)/phospholamban complex contribute to heart failure. RyR2s are oxidized, nitrosylated, and PKA hyperphosphorylated, resulting in “leaky” channels in failing hearts. These leaky RyR2s contribute to depletion of Ca2+ from the SR, and the leaking Ca2+ depolarizes cardiomyocytes and triggers fatal arrhythmias. SERCA2a is downregulated and phospholamban is hypophosphorylated in failing hearts, resulting in impaired SR Ca2+ reuptake that conspires with leaky RyR2 to deplete SR Ca2+. Two new therapeutic strategies for heart failure (HF) are now being tested in clinical trials: (a) fixing the leak in RyR2 channels with a novel class of Ca2+-release channel stabilizers called Rycals and (b) increasing expression of SERCA2a to improve SR Ca2+ reuptake with viral-mediated gene therapy. There are many potential opportunities for additional mechanism-based therapeutics involving the machinery that regulates Ca2+ cycling in the heart.
Association of Features of Primary Health Care With Coronary Heart Disease Mortality
Authors: Louis S. Levene, Richard Baker, M. John G. Bankart, Kamlesh Khunti
Journal: JAMA (2010)

The goal of US health care reform is to extend access. In England, with a universal access health system, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates have decreased by more than two-fifths in the last decade, but variations in rates between local populations persist.To identify which features of populations and primary health care explain variations in CHD mortality rates between the 152 primary care trust populations in England.A cross-sectional study in England of all 152 primary care trusts (total registered population, 54.3 million in 2008) using a hierarchical regression model with age-standardized CHD mortality rate as the dependent variable, and population characteristics (index of multiple deprivation, smoking, ethnicity, and registers of individuals with diabetes) and service characteristics (level of provision of primary care services, levels of detected hypertension, pay for performance data) as candidate explanatory variables.Age-standardized CHD mortality rates in 2006, 2007, and 2008.The mean age-standardized CHD mortality rates per 100,000 European Standard Population were 97.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 94.9-100.9) in 2006, 93.5 (95% CI, 90.4-96.5) in 2007, and 88.4 (95% CI, 85.7-91.1) in 2008. In all 3 years, 4 population characteristics were significantly positively associated with CHD mortality (index of multiple deprivation, smoking, white ethnicity, and registers of individuals with diabetes), and 1 service characteristic (levels of detected hypertension) was significantly negatively associated with CHD mortality (adjusted r(2) = 0.66 in 2006, adjusted r(2) = 0.68 in 2007, and adjusted r(2) = 0.67 in 2008). Other service characteristics did not contribute significantly to the model.In England, variations in CHD mortality are predominantly explained by population characteristics; however, greater detection of hypertension is associated with lower CHD mortality.
Reactions to Total Dose Intravenous Infusion of Iron Dextran (Imferon)
Authors: B. Clay, B. Rosenberg, N. Sampson, S. I. Samuels
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The occurrence of the electrolyte changes may merely be a reflection of the severity of the disease and its duration.It is probable that our case was diagnosed very early in relation to the onset of the adrenal overactivity, and had the patient lived long enough it is likely that she might have developed the electrolyte changes.Her death was due to tracheal compression by the neoplasm and not to adrenal overactivity as is usual in these cases.The early or mild case may well escape detection, and in our case the diagnosis was made only by doing the right investigation for the wrong reason.It may well be that what we believe to be the typical case of this disease is in fact the late severe case, the milder earlier cases being missed. SummaryA case of Cushing's syndrome associated with a carcinoma of the bronchus is described.The unusual features were the complete absence of physical signs of Cushing's syndrome and the presence of normal plasma electrolytes.It is suggested that this may have been a very early example of this disease, which may be missed because of lack of clinical or biochemical abnor- malities that would direct attention to more detailed investiga- tion of the adrenal gland.Alternatively, the hyperplastic adrenal may be producing an 1 1-hydroxycorticosteroid other than cortisol, determined by our method for plasma cortisol and excreted in the urine as the usual breakdown products.We are grateful to Dr. C. H. C. Toussaint for allowing us to publish this report, and to Dr. R. A. B. Drury and Dr. U. F. Rowlatt for performing the post-mortem examination.Dr. P. M
Healing of massive segmental femoral bone defects in minipigs by allogenic ASCs engineered with FLPo/Frt-based baculovirus vectors
Authors: Chin-Yu Lin, Yao-Horng Wang, Kuei-Chang Li, Li-Yu Sung, Chia-Lin Yeh, Kun-Ju Lin, Tzu-Chen Yen, Yu-Han Chang, Yu-Chen Hu
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
PHYSICAL STANDARDS FOR DRIVERS OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Authors: Henry H. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Dec. 27, 1924, there was a report of the committee on physical standards for drivers of motor vehicles. In this report the committee lays stress on the standardization of physical requirements for licensees. May I suggest that we be not too arbitrary in this matter, as it will work a great hardship on many physically handicapped who, despite the handicap, are nevertheless qualified to drive an automobile? Our experience with the disabled in war and in industry has shown us that, despite the great mutilating disabilities when amputation of one member and sometimes two members exists, the individual by special appliances is able to drive an automobile. Although we do not advise such a person to follow an occupation of this sort, it may be the means, on several occasions, of his holding down the job where before he could not. It may be
Pharmacologic restoration of αδF508 CFTR-mediated chloride current
Authors: Pamela L. Zeitlin
Journal: Kidney International (2000)

Chemical and pharmacologic mediators of protein trafficking are needed in CF and other diseases caused by trafficking mutations. Drugs that regulate endogenous gene expression may also be useful in the induction of alternative enzymatic pathways in diseases such as CF, the hemoglobinopathies, adrenoleukodystrophy, and cancer. CF is one example where multiple approaches will be needed due to the spectrum of abnormalities observed. Certainly, genotyping will become clinically indicated in all the inherited disorders and thus may specifically direct therapeutic intervention.
COPD awareness--or lack thereof
Authors: A. Low
Journal: BMJ (2011)

As a respiratory registrar, I am always surprised when faced with patients in clinic who are unaware of their diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They will inevitably know if they have had a heart attack, a stroke, diabetes, cancer, asthma, or even if they have “blood pressure” (without which, clinic would clearly be much more stressful). COPD, on the other hand, is a different matter.

“How about emphysema? Have you ever been diagnosed with emphysema?” A proportion does respond with acknowledgment of this condition, and a few …
MICROCIRCULATORY DYSFUNCTION DETERMINES THE LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH NON-OBSTRUCTIVE HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Makoto Aita, Toshiharu Takeuchi, Naka Sakamoto, Hisanobu Ota, Nobuyuki Sato, Naoyuki Hasebe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Crossroads for Unity
Authors: S. Greaves
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>Background</h3> Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a prioritised task for healthcare workers in emergency department (ED). Here, we examined compliance with admission screening (AS) and additional precautions (AP) measures for patients at risk of infection with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) by using a two-stage, multifaceted educational intervention, also comparing the cost of a developed automated indicator for AS and AP compliance and clinical audits to sustain observed findings. <h3>Methods</h3> In the first stage, staff in the ED of the University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland, were briefed on IPC measures (AS and AP). A cross-sectional survey was then conducted to assess barriers to IPC measures. In the second stage, healthcare workers underwent training sessions, and an electronic patient record ‘order-set’ including AS and AP compliance indicators was designed. We compared the cost–benefit of the audits and the automated indicators for AS and AP compliance. <h3>Results</h3> Compliance significantly improved after training, from 36.2% (95% CI 23.6% to 48.8%) to 78.8% (95% CI 67.1% to 90.3%) for AS (n=100, p=0.0050) and from 50.2% (95% CI 45.3% to 55.1%) to 68.5% (95% CI 60.1% to 76.9%) for AP (n=125, p=0.0092). Healthcare workers recognised MDRO screening as an ED task (70.2%), with greater acknowledgment of risk factors at AS considered an ED duty. The monthly cost was higher for clinical audits than the automated indicator, with a reported yearly cost of US$120 203. The initial cost of developing the automated indicator was US$18 290 and its return on investment US$3.44 per US$1 invested. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Training ED staff increased compliance with IPC measures when accompanied by team discussions for optimal effectiveness. An automated indicator of compliance is cheaper and closer to real-time than a clinical audit.
Cardiovascular Prognosis of "Masked Hypertension" Detected by Blood Pressure Self-measurement in Elderly Treated Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Guillaume Bobrie
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Blood pressure (BP) measurement in clinicians' offices with a mercury sphygmomanometer has numerous drawbacks. In contrast, the use of home BP measurement improves measurement precision and reproducibility. However, data about its prognostic value are lacking.To assess the prognostic value of home vs office BP measurement by general practitioners in a European population of elderly patients being treated for hypertension.Office and home BP and cardiac risk factors were measured at baseline in a cohort of 4939 treated hypertensive patients (mean age, 70 [SD, 6.5] years; 48.9% men) who were recruited and followed up by their usual general practitioners without specific recommendations about their management. The cohort was then followed up for a mean of 3.2 (SD, 0.5) years. The thresholds defining uncontrolled hypertension were at least 140/90 mm Hg for office BP and 135/85 mm Hg for home BP.The primary end point was cardiovascular mortality. Secondary end points were total mortality and the combination of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, transient ischemic attack, hospitalization for angina or heart failure, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery.At the end of follow-up, clinical status was known for 99.9% of patients. At least 1 cardiovascular event had occurred in 324 (incidence, 22.2/1000 patient-years). For BP self-measurement at home, each 10-mm Hg increase in systolic BP increased the risk of a cardiovascular event by 17.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0%-23.8%) and each 5-mm Hg increase in diastolic BP increased that risk by 11.7% (95% CI, 5.7%-18.1%). Conversely, for the same increase in BP observed using office measurement, there was no significant increase in the risk of a cardiovascular event. In a multivariable model with patients having controlled hypertension (normal home and office BP) as the referent, the hazard ratio of cardiovascular events was 1.96 (95% CI, 1.27-3.02) in patients with uncontrolled hypertension (high BP with both measurement methods), 2.06 (95% CI, 1.22-3.47) in patients with normal office BP and elevated home BP, and 1.18 (95% CI, 0.67-2.10) in patients with elevated office BP and normal home BP.Our findings suggest that home BP measurement has a better prognostic accuracy than office BP measurement. Blood pressure should systematically be measured at home in patients receiving treatment for hypertension.
The state of education
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

I swivelled our student flat’s television aerial (a wire coat hanger) and called the Sunday evening odds: “ Songs of Praise , Poldark , David Copperfield episode 65 (will it ever end?), or That’s Life ? Sod it, let’s play cards.” We had no money so it was forfeit based gambling: cooking oil and curry powder. We supped our sickly home brew, made with twice the recommend sugar in an amateurish attempt to increase the alcohol content. Always the evenings descended into argument: Northern Ireland, the class divide, …
Insulin-like growth factor-I induces hypertrophy with enhanced expression of muscle specific genes in cultured rat cardiomyocytes.
Authors: H Ito, M Hiroe, Y Hirata, M Tsujino, S Adachi, M Shichiri, A Koike, A Nogami, F Marumo
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is commonly observed in acromegalic patients, in whom serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels are elevated. In the present study, we examined whether IGF-I induces hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through its specific receptor and whether IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), which is a major circulating carrier protein for IGF-I, inhibits IGF-I-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Because the response of cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by the induction of expression for muscle-specific genes, the effect of IGF-I on steady-state levels of mRNA for myosin light chain-2 (MLC-2) and troponin I and for skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin isoforms was evaluated by Northern blot analysis. IGF-I (10(-7) M) increased mRNA levels for MLC-2 and troponin I as early as 60 minutes with maximum levels by 6 hours, which were maintained for as long as 24 hours. IGF-I (10(-7) M) also increased transcripts for skeletal alpha-actin but not for cardiac alpha-actin. The cell size as evaluated morphometrically was almost doubled after 48-hour treatment with IGF-I. IGF-I induction of protein synthesis was dose dependent (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) with a maximal 2.2-fold increase seen at 10(-8) M. In contrast to the hypertrophic effect of IGF-I, growth hormone affected neither protein synthesis nor expression for muscle-specific genes. Binding study using 125I-IGF-I revealed the presence of specific binding sites for IGF-I in rat cardiomyocytes. IGFBP-3 induced a dose-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis stimulated by IGF-I; IGFBP-3 (10(-7) M) completely inhibited the [3H]leucine uptake stimulated by IGF-I (10(-8) M). IGFBP-3 similarly inhibited the IGF-I-stimulated gene expressions for MLC-2 and troponin I. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IGF-I directly causes cardiac hypertrophy and that its effect can be blocked by IGFBP-3.