tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book: The Constant Gardener
Authors: A. Herxheimer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

John le Carre is famous for his brilliant espionage novels. Now it seems to him that the vacuum left by the cold war is being filled by the greed of multinational corporations. That makes him despair and led to his new novel—a story about power, lying, corruption, and social responsibility.

It begins with the brutal and unexplained murder in rural Kenya of Tessa Quayle, a radical young lawyer and aid …
Effects of Chronic Systemic Administration of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Collateral Development in the Canine Heart
Authors: Daisy F. Lazarous, Mickey Scheinowitz, Matie Shou, Everett Hodge, M. A. Sharmini Rajanayagam, Sally Hunsberger, W. Gerald Robison, Jonathan A. Stiber, Rosaly Correa, Stephen E. Epstein, Ellis F. Unger
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Recently we reported that intracoronary administration of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a potent angiogenic peptide, increases collateral blood flow in dogs subjected to progressive left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) occlusion. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of systemically administered bFGF on collateral blood flow and to assess its pharmacokinetics and potential side effects.Forty-seven dogs were subjected to progressive ameroid-induced occlusion of the LCx, an intervention known to induce the development of collateral vessels. In phase I of the investigation, dogs were randomized to receive bFGF 1.74 mg/d (n = 10) or saline (n = 9) as a left atrial injection for 4 weeks. Relative collateral blood flow was assessed serially with radiolabeled microspheres in the conscious state during maximal coronary vasodilatation. Initiation of bFGF treatment was temporally associated with a marked acceleration of collateral development; however, collateral flow in control dogs improved toward the end of the study, approaching that of bFGF-treated dogs at the 38-day end point. Phase II of the investigation was a three-armed study of extended duration to determine whether bFGF caused a sustained increase in collateral function. Dogs were randomized to receive bFGF 1.74 mg/d for 9 weeks (n = 7), bFGF 1.74 mg/d for 5 weeks followed by placebo for 4 weeks (n = 11), or placebo for 9 weeks (n = 10). Relative and absolute collateral blood flow were assessed serially with microspheres during maximal coronary vasodilatation. Between the 10th and 17th days after ameroid placement, bFGF-treated dogs exhibited marked improvement in collateral flow such that maximal collateral conductance exceeded that of controls by 24% at the 5-week crossover point. Final collateral conductance was similar in dogs receiving bFGF for 5 and 9 weeks despite withdrawal of treatment in the former group. bFGF administration was associated with a 21% increase in final collateral conductance as well as a 49% increase in collateral zone vascular density. Prolonged bFGF administration was also associated with a decrease in arterial pressure, moderate thrombocytopenia, and moderate, reversible anemia.Systemic administration of bFGF enhanced collateral conductance in dogs with progressive single-vessel coronary occlusion. The beneficial effect of bFGF occurred primarily between the 7th and 14th days of therapy, and regression of collateral development was not noted after withdrawal of treatment. The present investigation provides impetus to the concept that collateral development can be enhanced pharmacologically-specifically by bFGF-raising the possibility that such an intervention might eventually be applied clinically.
Six months' follow up after occupational exposure to HIV is usually long enough
Authors: J S Metters
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—The chief medical officers' Expert Advisory Group on AIDS has recommended that at least six months should elapse after the cessation of post-exposure prophylaxis before a negative result of an HIV antibody test is used to reassure the exposed worker that infection has not occurred.1 Willcox has expressed the view that the follow up period …
In Utero Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Human Primate Fetal Skeletal Anomalies
Authors: Maria Michejda
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We describe the antenatal diagnosis and intrauterine treatment of hydrocephalus induced (corticosteroid teratism) in fetal rhesus monkeys. Diagnostic techniques included (1) maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) measurement, (2) ultrasonography of the fetal ventricular system, (3) roentgenography, and (4) fetoscopy. After measuring excessive intracranial CSF pressures in hydrocephalic fetuses, an indwelling prosthetic valve was devised--the hydrocephalic antenatal vent for intrauterine treatment (HAVIT). The HAVIT was surgically implanted in the fetal skull so that when CSF pressures exceeded 60 mm H2O, the ports opened to vent CSF from the fetal ventricular system into the amniotic fluid. Whereas unaided hydrocephalic neonates seldom survived more than ten to 14 days, manifesting progressive muscular weakness and frequent seizures, fetal monkeys receiving the HAVIT demonstrated markedly superior postnatal development of motor skills and weight gain. Although additional laboratory studies are indicated, ultimately, clinical investigations combining early diagnosis and in utero insertion of the HAVIT or similar prosthesis may significantly enhance the prognosis of children in whom severe antenatal hydrocephalus develops.
Surface reactivity in the pathogenic response to particulates.
Authors: B Fubini
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The peculiar characteristics of dust toxicity are discussed in relation to the processes taking place at the particle-biological medium interface. Because of surface reactivity, toxicity of solids is not merely predictable from chemical composition and molecular structure, as with water soluble compounds. With particles having the same bulk composition, micromorphology (the thermal and mechanical history of dust and adsorption from the environment) determines the kind and abundance of active surface sites, thus modulating reactivity toward cells and tissues. The quantitative evaluation of doses is discussed in comparisons of dose-response relationships obtained with different materials. Responses related to the surface of the particle are better compared on a per-unit surface than per-unit weight basis. The role of micromorphology, hydrophilicity, and reactive surface cations in determining the pathogenicity of inhaled particles is described with reference to silica and asbestos toxicity. Heating crystalline silica decreases hydrophilicity, with consequent modifications in membranolytic potential, retention, and transport. Transition metal ions exposed at the surface generate free radicals in aqueous suspensions. Continuous redox cycling of iron, with consequent activation-reactivation of the surface sites releasing free radicals, could account for the long-term pathogenicity caused by the inhalation of iron-containing fibers. In various pathogenicities caused by mixed dusts, the contact between components modifies toxicity. Hard metal lung disease is caused by exposure to mixtures of metals and carbides, typically cobalt (Co) and tungsten carbide (WC), but not to single components. Toxicity stems from reactive oxygen species generation in a mechanism involving both Co metal and WC in mutual contact. A relationship between the extent of water adsorption and biopersistence is proposed for vitreous fibers. Modifications of the surface taking place in vivo are described for ferruginous bodies and for the progressive comminution of chrysotile asbestos fibers.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE OINTMENT.
Authors: ALF BJORNNBERG, LARS HELLGREN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE OINTMENT. Get access ALF BJÖRNNBERG, ALF BJÖRNNBERG The Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska Sjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden. Director: Professor G. Seeberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LARS HELLGREN LARS HELLGREN The Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska Sjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden. Director: Professor G. Seeberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 4, 1 April 1963, Pages 156–160, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13959.x Published: 01 April 1963
Paying for Kidney Donors
Authors: Richard Sesso
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 July 1993Paying for Kidney DonorsRichard Sesso, MD and Oswaldo L. Ramos, MDRichard Sesso, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Oswaldo L. Ramos, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The use of financial incentives for donors is among the methods that have been recently debated in an effort to improve organ supply for kidney transplantation [1]. The Transplantation Society guidelines for the donation of kidneys by LUDs forbid payment to the donor by the recipient, the recipient's relatives, or any supporting organization [2].The main arguments against donor financial compensation are that 1) it is morally reprehensible and would damage the public's will to act altruistically; 2) it would lead to preferential distribution of organs to the wealthy and might lead to coercion and exploitation; 3) it ...References1. Kittur DS, Hogan MN, Thukral UK, McGraw LJ, Alexander JW. Incentives for organ donation? Lancet. 1991; 338:1441-3. Google Scholar2. The Council of the Transplantation Society. Commercialization in transplantation. The problems and some guidelines for practice (Editorial). Transplantation. 1986; 41:1-3. Google Scholar3. Evans RW, Orians CE, Ascher NL. The potential supply of organ donors. An assessment of the efficacy of organ procurement efforts in the United States. JAMA. 1992; 267:239-46. Google Scholar4. Pestana JO, Vaz ML, Delmonte CA, Piveta VM, Ramos OL, Ajzen H. Organ donation in Brazil (Letter). Lancet. 1993; 341:118. Google Scholar5. Thiagarajan CM, Reddy KC, Shunmugasundaram D, Jayachandran R, Nayar P, Thomas S, et al. The practice of unconventional renal transplantation (UCRT) at a single centre in India. Transplant Proc. 1990; 22:912-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1993Volume 119, Issue 2Page: 172-173KeywordsMotivationOrgan transplantationRenal failureRenal transplantationTransplantation Issue Published: 15 July 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Expulsion of Placenta Before Birth of Child.
Authors: N. E. Richardson
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Ladinas, Cal., July 19, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reply to Dr. Butt's question inThe Journal, July 1, p. 60, permit me to report a case of twins occuring in my practice in New Mexico. The patient, Mrs. D., Mexican, aged 25, iv-para, was taken in labor 24 hours before I was called. I administered treatment for the uterine inertia present. About five hours later, a healthy child was delivered by the aid of forceps. In about ten minutes, the second child, in the vertex position, was delivered, pushing ahead his own placenta. He was somewhat asphyxiated but was easily revived, and two weeks later was more vigorous than the other. There was no more hemorrhage than in the ordinary normal case. I concluded that the uterus while contracting to expel the first child had loosened the second child's placenta which might have been placed very near the internal
Selection of a suitable circulatory model for the plasma clearance and distribution of cardiac enzymes in the dog
Authors: M. P VISSER, M. T A KRILL, G. M WILLEMS, W. T. HERMENS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

This study concerns the existing controversy about the validity of one-vs two-compartment models for the distribution of intravenously injected enzymes in the dog. It is shown that infusion of enzyme at a constant rate permits direct calculation of enzyme clearance constants, independently of the specific model used. Enzyme preparations were obtained by leakage of enzymes from heart tissue under hypoxic conditions. The values for the plasma clearance constants k of creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are 0.36 ± 0.030 h−1 and 0.21 ± 0.014 h−1 respectively (mean ± SE, n = 8). These values are compared with clearance rates as estimated from a bolus injection of enzyme given 90 min before the infusion was started. For both enzymes the values of k as estimated from the infusion equal the apparent disappearance constants kd obtained from the preceding bolus injections. From these experiments it is concluded that plasma clearance of CK and AST is adequately described by a one-compartment model. In 10 experiments plasma clearance curves after bolus injections were sampled over 8 h. Disappearance of AST was strictly mono-exponential, while for CK a slight biphasic effect was observed in five out of ten cases resulting into improved double-exponential fits. It is concluded that this effect is not due to exchange of enzyme with an extravascular pool but is caused by a fraction of enzyme with a slightly higher elimination rate. This phenomenon is illustrated by showing that AST also shows biphasic disappearance upon injection of an enzyme preparation obtained by mechanical disruption of cells. Individual and day-to-day variations in k values obtained for CK and AST do not show any correlation. This suggests independent clearance mechanisms for both enzymes.
Will Blood Transfusion Ever Be Safe Enough?
Authors: Harvey G. Klein
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Indium-111 Leukocyte Uptake in a Patient With Osseous Metastatic Ewingʼs Sarcoma
Authors: ALAN R WEISSMAN, FIRAT DAYANIKLI, ALAN E. SCHLESINGER, RICHARD L WAHL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A case of increased uptake of ln-111 labeled leukocytes in osseous metastasis from Ewing's sarcoma is presented. Bone scan and MRI findings were concordant with the indium scan, and biopsy confirmed Ewing's metastasis. Although relatively specific for infection, indium Infrequently does demonstrate abnormal bone uptake in several malignancies. This case report is the first to describe indium uptake in osseous metastatic Ewing's sarcoma. Possible mechanisms of indium leukocyte localization are discussed.
HDL in innate and adaptive immunity
Authors: A. L. Catapano, A. Pirillo, F. Bonacina, G. D. Norata
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

During infections or acute conditions high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C) levels decrease very rapidly and HDL particles undergo profound changes in their composition and function. These changes are associated with poor prognosis following endotoxemia or sepsis and data from genetically modified animal models support a protective role for HDL. The same is true for some parasitic infections, where the key player appears to be a specific and minor component of HDL, namely apoL-1. The ability of HDL to influence cholesterol availability in lipid rafts in immune cells results in the modulation of toll-like receptors, MHC-II complex, as well as B- and T-cell receptors, while specific molecules shuttled by HDL such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) contribute to immune cells trafficking. Animal models with defects associated with HDL metabolism and/or influencing cell cholesterol efflux present features related to immune disorders. All these functions point to HDL as a platform integrating innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the connection between HDL and immunity in atherosclerosis and beyond.
Severe Dettol (chloroxylenol and terpineol) poisoning.
Authors: P Joubert, H Hundt, P Du Toit
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Assessment of hypoproteinaemic oedema: a simple physical sign It is well known that hypoproteinaemia can cause pitting oedema.We have found that hypoproteinaemic oedema pits and recovers dif- ferently from other types of oedema but can find no reference to this in reports or texts on physical signs.We therefore investigated the relation between the rate of recovery of pitting and the serum albumin concentration in a group of oedematous patients. Patients, methods, and resultsOver four months all patients coming to our notice who had had pitting leg oedema for less than three months were studied.Their oedema was on 23 July
Undifferentiated Malignant Neoplasms
Authors: DAVID L. PAGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1981Undifferentiated Malignant NeoplasmsDAVID L. PAGE, M.D.DAVID L. PAGE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-5-710_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The responsiveness of some undifferentiated, malignant epithelial neoplasms to a chemotherapeutic protocol designed for germ cell neoplasms (1) is interesting and clinically useful. Assuming, however, that they are (or should even be called) neoplasms of germ cell origin because they respond to such a protocol and because they contain oncofetal antigens is not warranted. Such a posture supposes knowledge where there is little to be had. Undifferentiated neoplasms have perplexed students of tumor biology and classification for generations. We should confess our ignorance and call undifferentiated malignant neoplasms just that until we gain sufficient wisdom to reorder...Reference1. RICHARDSON R, SCHOUMACHER R, and FIR M. The unrecognized extragonadal germ cell cancer syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:181-6. LinkGoogle Scholar1. RICHARDSON R, SCHOUMACHER R, and FER M. The unrecognized extragonadal germ cell cancer syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:181-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ACKERMAN N, AUST J, BREDENBERG C, HANSON V, and ROGERS L. Problems in differentiating between pancreatic lymphoma and anaplastic carcinoma and their management. Ann Surg. 1976;184:705-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SWEET D and GOLOMB H. The treatment of histiocytic lymphomas. Semin Oncol. 1980;7:302-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. BONADONNA G and MONFARDINI S. Chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Cancer Treat Rev. 1974;1:167-81. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. CORDER M, LEIMERT J, PANTHER S, and ELLIOT T. A phase II study of cis-platinum II diaminine dichloride in lymphoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1979;20:301. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID L. PAGE, M.D.Affiliations: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN 37232 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGerm Cell CancersRONALD L. RICHARDSON, M.D. 1 May 1981Volume 94, Issue 5Page: 710-711KeywordsAntigensGerm cellsPostural control ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Three-Dimensional Electrophysiological Imaging of the Intact Canine Left Ventricle Using a Noncontact Multielectrode Cavitary Probe: Study of Sinus, Paced, and Spontaneous Premature Beats
Authors: Dirar S. Khoury, Keith L. Berrier, Shamim M. Badruddin, William A. Zoghbi
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The feasibility of measuring cavitary electrograms using a noncontact probe and reconstructing endocardial surface electrograms and activation sequences during paced beats was previously demonstrated in the isolated canine left ventricle (LV). The objective of the present study was to develop and test a high-resolution, three-dimensional, endocardial electrophysiological imaging technique that simultaneously reconstructs endocardial surface electrograms and their corresponding activation sequences during normal and abnormal beats with the use of cavitary electrograms measured with a noncontact multielectrode probe in the intact canine LV. Methods and Results —A 128-electrode probe was inserted into the intact canine LV. Probe unipolar electrograms were simultaneously acquired during sinus, artificially paced, and spontaneous premature beats. Representative endocardial electrograms were measured directly using eight needle electrodes (the “gold standard”). A probe-cavity realistic, three-dimensional geometric model was constructed using two-dimensional epicardial echocardiography. Boundary element methods and numeric regularization were used to compute electrograms at 194 sites on the endocardium. In eight pacing protocols, computed endocardial electrograms correlated well with directly measured electrograms ( r =.88). Corresponding activation times were also in agreement with those determined from measured endocardial electrograms (activation error, 4.7 ms). The earliest region of activation was invariably in the vicinity of the pacing needle (spatial error, 9.2 mm). Subsequently, the site of origin of ischemia-induced spontaneous ventricular premature beats and the ensuing sequence of depolarization was identified. Conclusions —Noncontact mapping provides realistic, three-dimensional electrophysiological images of the endocardium, on a beat-by-beat basis, that localize the sites of origin of premature beats and reconstruct their activation sequences.