tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary and systemic vascular responses to hypoxia after chemical sympathectomy
Authors: A. TUCKER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Mongrel dogs were anaesthetised and exposed to acute hypoxia (8% or 10% O2 for 10 min) before and again either 2 or 12 days after 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 80 mg·kg−1) pre-treatment. Under normoxic conditions, systemic arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance were reduced 2 days post 6-OHDA, but only systemic resistance was reduced 12 days post 6-OHDA. Pulmonary vascular haemodynamics were unchanged by 6-OHDA under normoxic conditions. No changes in the cardiac output, pulmonary, and systemic haemodynamic or ventilatory responses to hypoxia were observed 2 days post 6-OHDA, although the heart rate response was reduced. Similarly, 12 days post 6-OHDA, responses to hypoxia were unchanged except for a reduced systemic pressor response. A significant transient fall in systemic arterial pressure was observed at the start of the hypoxic exposure 2 days post 6-OHDA. The ventilatory responses to hypoxia appeared to be influenced very little by the sympathetic nervous system. The results indicate that pulmonary vascular resistance is under little sympathetic influence, and that hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is not mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.
Endocardial catheter mapping: validation of a cineradiographic method for accurate localization of left ventricular sites.
Authors: R N Hauer, R M Heethaar, M T de Zwart, R N van Dijk, I van der Tweel, C Borst, E O Robles de Medina
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To guide surgical therapy for ventricular tachycardia by preoperative endocardial catheter mapping, accurate anatomic localization of arrhythmogenic sites is mandatory. For this reason we developed a mathematical cineradiographic method to compute left ventricular sites relative to three anatomic reference points: the centers of aortic and mitral valve ostia and the left ventricular apex. To validate the method 14 epicardial left ventricular markers were implanted in four dogs to simulate arrhythmogenic sites. Distances between markers and the anatomic references were calculated and the results were compared with postmortem measurements. The difference between calculated and measured distances was 0.5 +/- 3.1 mm (mean +/- SD), confirming accurate localization of anatomic marker sites. However, in surgery the results have to be displayed in a practically applicable, unambiguous way. Therefore, wire skeletons were constructed to represent calculated endocardial marker sites relative to the anatomic reference points. To validate this approach, 14 markers were implanted in the left ventricular subendocardium in four dogs. Wire skeletons were constructed, one for each marker site, and inserted postmortem into the left ventricular cavity via a 2 cm incision. In all cases the correct indication of a marker site by the corresponding wire skeleton was confirmed by fluoroscopic inspection in multiple projections. This wire skeleton technique may enhance the practical usefulness of preoperative endocardial catheter mapping.
The time when the “Tomte” of evolution was playing with time
Authors: Giorgio M. Innocenti
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Developmental constraints presumably had a major role in channeling evolution. In particular, developmental mechanisms may have coordinated the evolution of neocortex with that of other brain structures. However, the rules determining the differential expansion of different cortical territories remain to be determined as well as the adaptive role of cortical expansion versus that of the structures it is connected to. The high degree of developmental plasticity of neocortex was probably the key to its successful evolution.
Hypotension caused by L-dopa.
Authors: R C Duvoisin
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Nun= 47 that there was more evidence of obstructive respiratory disease in his sample of workers than among the workers exposed to similar products examined by ourselves.'On the other hand, the F.E.V./'V.C. ratio is not age standardized and differences in age struc- ture of the two populations might to some extent account for the difference.Also, a higher proportion of the workers in his sur- vey were sensitized to the B. subtilis derivatives than in our own series.Levels of enzyme concentration in air are not given, but exposure to higher levels for longer periods might account for the difference.-Iam, etc.,
Mid-term Results Demonstrate Salvage High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) as an Effective and Acceptably Morbid Salvage Treatment Option for Locally Radiorecurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Francois-Joseph Murat, Laura Poissonnier, Muriel Rabilloud, Aurélien Belot, Raymonde Bouvier, Olivier Rouviere, Jean-Yves Chapelon, Albert Gelet
Journal: European Urology (2008)
The Influence of Defense Mechanisms on Secondary Alexithymia in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Isao Fukunishi, Satoru Saito, Susumu Ozaki
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

The influence of psychodynamic aspects such as the defense mechanisms for conflict on secondary alexithymia in hemodialysis (HD) patients was examined among 35 HD patients and their family members. Although HD patients had quite strong conflicts due to HD therapy, the manifestation of conflict and expressiveness toward the family were significantly lower in HD patients with alexithymia than in those without alexithymia. Significantly positive and negative correlations were observed between conflict and expressiveness, and between expressiveness and degree of alexithymia, respectively. These results suggest that this defense mechanism strongly suppresses the manifestation of conflict, and that secondary alexithymia in HD patients may be derived from defense mechanisms such as denial.
An Automated Medical Record System
Authors: Jerome H. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

An automated medical record system for ambulatory care has been developed for a prepaid group practice. It has been operational for two years, maintaining the medical records for 20,000 people who have made a total of 80,000 visits. The principal data source is a structured encounter form that is filled out by the care provider at the time of each visit. From these data, a progress note and an updated summary of the patient's medical status are generated by the computer. The same system also produces the aggregate statistics necessary for administration and evaluation. The unique characteristic of this medical information system is its ability to meet, at a reasonable cost, the data needs of both patient care and administration. The potentials of the system for facilitating patient management, evaluation, and planning are also seen as important attributes of this approach.
Characterization of the antibody response to a <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b conjugate vaccine in children with recurrent lower respiratory tract infection
Authors: K. Kristensen, T. Barington, T. Pressler, C. Heilmann
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Children with recurrent lower respiratory tract infection (RLRI) may respond poorly to polysaccharide antigens. To examine how such children respond to a polysaccharide coupled to a protein carrier, we immunized 15 children with RLRI aged 8–69 months and 15 carefully age‐matched healthy controls once with a Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine. Total IgG subclasses, total antipolysaccharide Hib antibodies, and antipolysaccharide Hib antibodies of IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgG 1–4 specificity were determined by ELISA. There were no significant differences between the two groups in any single total IgG subclass, but total IgG measured as the sum of all four subclasses was significantly lower in the children with RLRI than in the controls ( P = 0.036). Before vaccination, the children with RLRI had significantly less IgG antipolysaccharide Hib antibody than the controls ( P = 0.005), whereas 1 month later they had significantly more IgM antibody (P = 0.038). No other significant differences were found between the groups before or after immunization with respect to antipolysaccharide Hib antibodies. Since naturally occurring IgG antibodies are thought to be aquired partly as a consequence of antigenic stimulation on mucosal surfaces, we hypothesize that the low level of specific IgG found before immunization, as well as the low total IgG in the children with RLRI, may reflect an impaired ability to prime through mucosal surfaces. This is supported by our finding of an increased IgM response to Hib conjugate vaccine in these children, since this isotype predominates in the primary immune response, i.e., in the absence of immunologic memory. In conclusion, children with RLRI can be protected against invasive Hib infection as well as healthy children, but may have an immunodeficiency characterized by defective ability to respond to antigenic stimulation on mucosal surfaces.
A Novel Dietary Flavonoid Fisetin Inhibits Androgen Receptor Signaling and Tumor Growth in Athymic Nude Mice
Authors: Naghma Khan, Mohammad Asim, Farrukh Afaq, Mohammad Abu Zaid, Hasan Mukhtar
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR)–mediated signaling plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Hormonal therapies, mainly with combinations of antiandrogens and androgen deprivation, are the mainstay treatment for advanced disease. However, emergence of androgen resistance largely due to inefficient antihormone action limits their therapeutic usefulness. Here, we report that fisetin, a novel dietary flavonoid, acts as a novel AR ligand by competing with the high-affinity androgen to interact with the ligand binding domain of AR. We show that this physical interaction results in substantial decrease in AR stability and decrease in amino-terminal/carboxyl-terminal (N-C) interaction of AR. This results in blunting of AR-mediated transactivation of target genes including prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In addition, treatment of LNCaP cells with fisetin decreased AR protein levels, in part, by decreasing its promoter activity and by accelerating its degradation. Fisetin also synergized with Casodex in inducing apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Treatment with fisetin in athymic nude mice implanted with AR-positive CWR22Rυ1 human PCa cells resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and reduction in serum PSA levels. These data identify fisetin as an inhibitor of AR signaling axis and suggest that it could be a useful chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent to delay progression of PCa. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8555–63]
REVERSE REMODELING AND THE RISK OF VENTRICULAR TACHYARRHYTHMIAS IN MADIT-CRT
Authors: Alon Barsheshet, Paul J. Wang, Arthur J. Moss, Scott D. Solomon, Amin Al-Ahmad, Scott McNitt, Elyse Foster, David T. Huang, Helmut U. Klein, Wojciech Zareba, Michael Eldar, Ilan Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Solitary Plasmocytoma of Bone
Authors: H. Holden
Journal: BMJ (1949)

deny any association or aggravation of symptoms with her periods.Commoner physical features of superficial endometriosis are a finely craggy surface and some degree of fixity to deeper structures, and the appearance, on excising the mass at biopsy, of dense fibr-ous tissue fused with the surrounding tissues and showing pin-point areas of haemorrhage.The treatment of this type of lesion presents none of the grave problems of pelvic endometriosis.If the mass can be totally excised with ease, then that is the best remedy, but if there is dense fibrous attachment to important neigh- bouring structures it does not call for the extremes of wide excision or minute dissection.The lesion will respond readily to local deep x-ray therapy, which destroys the aberrant endometrium.Should the bimanual examination in such cases as these reveal pelvic endometriosis, then arti- ficial miienopause must be considered, which, if established, would subdue both lesions.Endometriosis in relation to the round ligament in the inguinal region is rare but well established.To find the disease creeping on to the thigh as in Case 2, though exceptional, is not such a curiosity as the case recorded by Schlicke (1946), who removed a nodule of endometrial tissue from the back of the left thigh of a Filipino woman.Supporters of the " implantation " theory iimight consider the origin in Case 2 as a deposit of endometrium in the sac of a femoral hernia, especially as for some months after it first appeared the swelling was not painful at the periods.Those favouring a "lymphatic deposit" theory find support in the fact that in the first two cases the histo- logical examination revealed the endometriosis to be lodged in lymphatic glands, but whether by deposit or by direct invasion of the glands is undefinable.The recurrence after excision in Case 1 supports the thesis of another lymphatic metastasis.To those adhering to the theory of " meta- plasia" the last case is a solace, as no lymphoid tissue was found on histological examination and the lesion was growing in and surrounded by the distal end of the round ligament.Summary Three cases are described in which aberrant endometrial tissue
Bone marrow transplantation for thalassemia from alternative related donors: improved outcomes with a new approach
Authors: Javid Gaziev, Marco Marziali, Antonella Isgrò, Pietro Sodani, Katia Paciaroni, Cristiano Gallucci, Marco Andreani, Manuela Testi, Gioia De Angelis, Cecilia Alfieri, Luisa Cardarelli, Michela Ribersani, Daniele Armiento, Guido Lucarelli
Journal: Blood (2013)
Management of diverticulitis
Authors: Simon E J Janes, Allan Meagher, Frank A Frizelle
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The prevalence of perforated sigmoid diverticular disease in developed countries has increased from 2.4/100 000 in 1986 to 3.8/100 000 in 2000.1 Diverticular disease is one of the five most costly gastrointestinal disorders in the United States.2 Thirty years ago, the proportion of people who died from diverticular disease was decreasing.3 During the past 20 years, however, annual age standardised rates of admission and surgical intervention have increased by 16% from 20.1/100 000 to 23.2/100 000, whereas inpatient and population mortality remains unchanged.4

This increasing burden of disease means that clinicians in primary and secondary care will see increasing numbers of patients with diverticular disease and its complications. This review covers recent developments in the management of diverticular disease, including the current trend towards conservative rather than operative management after recovery from the initial episode.5

We searched Medline and the Cochrane Library to locate English language articles on diverticular disease and diverticulitis, from 1964 until April 2005. We obtained further articles from the references cited in the initial literature review. We prioritised evidence from well designed randomised controlled trials, when available.

The prevalence of diverticulosis (see box 1 for definitions) increases uniformly with age, affecting 50% of people by the fifth decade and 67% by the eighth decade,6 with similar frequency in men and women.7 Approximately three quarters of patients with anatomical diverticulosis remain asymptomatic throughout their lifetime.6 Asymptomatic disease is often an incidental finding during investigation of colonic disorders; these patients need no specific treatment or follow-up. Of the remaining 25% of patients who develop symptoms, approximately three quarters develop diverticulitis (a third of whom have complications; box 1), and a quarter develop diverticular haemorrhage, which is massive in a third of cases.8

Although diverticular disease is common, the pathogenesis …
Health Effects of the 2003 Southern California Wildfires on Children
Authors: Nino Künzli, Ed Avol, Jun Wu, W. James Gauderman, Ed Rappaport, Joshua Millstein, Jonathan Bennion, Rob McConnell, Frank D. Gilliland, Kiros Berhane, Fred Lurmann, Arthur Winer, John M. Peters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

In late October 2003, Southern California wildfires burned more than 3,000 km2. The wildfires produced heavy smoke that affected several communities participating in the University of Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS).
The genetics of plant metabolism
Authors: Joost J B Keurentjes, Jingyuan Fu, C H Ric de Vos, Arjen Lommen, Robert D Hall, Raoul J Bino, Linus H W van der Plas, Ritsert C Jansen, Dick Vreugdenhil, Maarten Koornneef
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Distracted Driving and Risk of Road Crashes among Novice and Experienced Drivers
Authors: Sheila G. Klauer, Feng Guo, Bruce G. Simons-Morton, Marie Claude Ouimet, Suzanne E. Lee, Thomas A. Dingus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Distracted driving attributable to the performance of secondary tasks is a major cause of motor vehicle crashes both among teenagers who are novice drivers and among adults who are experienced drivers.We conducted two studies on the relationship between the performance of secondary tasks, including cell-phone use, and the risk of crashes and near-crashes. To facilitate objective assessment, accelerometers, cameras, global positioning systems, and other sensors were installed in the vehicles of 42 newly licensed drivers (16.3 to 17.0 years of age) and 109 adults with more driving experience.During the study periods, 167 crashes and near-crashes among novice drivers and 518 crashes and near-crashes among experienced drivers were identified. The risk of a crash or near-crash among novice drivers increased significantly if they were dialing a cell phone (odds ratio, 8.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.83 to 24.42), reaching for a cell phone (odds ratio, 7.05; 95% CI, 2.64 to 18.83), sending or receiving text messages (odds ratio, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.62 to 9.25), reaching for an object other than a cell phone (odds ratio, 8.00; 95% CI, 3.67 to 17.50), looking at a roadside object (odds ratio, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.72 to 8.81), or eating (odds ratio, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.30 to 6.91). Among experienced drivers, dialing a cell phone was associated with a significantly increased risk of a crash or near-crash (odds ratio, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.38 to 4.54); the risk associated with texting or accessing the Internet was not assessed in this population. The prevalence of high-risk attention to secondary tasks increased over time among novice drivers but not among experienced drivers.The risk of a crash or near-crash among novice drivers increased with the performance of many secondary tasks, including texting and dialing cell phones. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.).
PREINFARCTION ANGINA PREDICTS BETTER 5-YEAR OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Tomohiko Taniguchi, Toshiaki Toyota, Hiroki Shiomi, Kenji Nakatsuma, Hiroki Watanabe, Takeru Makiyama, Satoshi Shizuta, Takeshi Morimoto, Yutaka Furukawa, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Minoru Horie, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION: SINGLE CENTRE OUTCOMES FROM THE FIRST 250 HIGH-RISK PATIENTS
Authors: Ronen Gurvitch, Fabian Nietlispach, Anson Cheung, Jian Ye, David A. Wood, Namal Wijesinghe, Edgar L. Tay, Chris R. Thompson, Samuel Lichtenstein, John G. Webb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
POLIOMYELITIS IN THE USA: VIRTUAL ELIMINATION OF DISEASE CAUSED BY WILD VIRUS
Authors: RobertJ Kim-Farley, LawrenceB Schonberger, BenjaminM Nkowane, OlenM Kew, KennethJ Bart, WalterA Orenstein, AlanR Hinman, MilfordH Hatch, JonathanE Kaplan
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
India's health ministry and doctors call for higher taxes on tobacco
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2014)

India’s health ministry has asked the finance ministry to substantially raise taxes on cigarettes and other tobacco products, expressing concerns over the economic burden imposed by diseases associated with tobacco and the failure of the existing tax structures to curb tobacco consumption.

The health minister, Harsh Vardhan, has requested the finance minister, Arun Jaitley, to increase taxes to 3.50 rupees per stick on all lengths of cigarettes in the budget for 2014-15 to be presented in parliament next month. The current taxes range from 0.67 rupees to 2.36 rupees.

“The tax would be applied to all lengths of cigarettes to prevent the [tobacco] industry [from] shifting production and marketing to lower length cigarettes as has been the past practice,” Vardhan wrote in an official note sent to the finance minister on 19 June.

The note follows two summary reports from the Public Health Foundation of India in …
Government must listen to scientists as their ability to predict disasters improves
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The government must listen to and value scientific advice if it is to respond appropriately to humanitarian emergencies, MPs have been told.

Mark Walport, director of the Wellcome Trust, who was giving evidence to the Science and Technology Select Committee, highlighted the role of the scientific adviser in government departments and praised the Foreign and Commonwealth Office for appointing its first scientific adviser, David Clary, in 2009.

Professor Walport said: “Having scientific advisers is good news. But it’s better news if scientific advisers have a high profile role and are taken seriously.”

He was asked by Conservative MP Stephen Mosley how the government should sort the “wheat from …
Guidelines for managing raised blood pressure
Authors: R. T Jackson, D. L Sackett
Journal: BMJ (1996)

short term follow up.The impacts of current patterns of use must await further studies.When women and men make their sexual and reproductive choices, and when physicians give their advice, they are interested in all potential consequences, not only breast cancer.Case-control studies cannot provide data on more than one outcome, and we must therefore wait for a systematic review of cohort studies comparing all relevant health effects of oral contraceptives with those of alternative 1 Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer.Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies.
The commodification of prevention
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In the 1980s Australian television viewers were stuffed with a diet of big budget, government sponsored, health promotion campaigns. Most of these have now been pared to the bone, partly because of government austerity but also because of a growing recognition that huge media coverage can be obtained without cost via “infotainment” programmes, help with soap opera scripting, and the media's appetite for health as news.

A recent study of a full year of the Sydney Morning Herald's front page found that 38% of editions contained at least one health story. After politics, health and medical topics consistently rank highest of all news categories, and for virtually any health issue the public will nominate the news media as their …
THE TREATMENT OF THE INTRACRANIAL COMPLICATIONS OF MIDDLE-EAR SUPPURATION.
Authors: Edward Bradford Dench
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The statistics given in this paper are taken from my own operating book, it being my purpose to record here simply personal experiences and to deal very little with the general literature of the subject, owing to the small time allotted for the discussion of so important a topic. The intracranial complications which may follow a middle-ear suppuration are, first, epidural abscess; second, brain abscess; third, sinus thrombosis, and, fourth, general meningitis. The meningitis may be either of the serous or the purulent type. From my own private statistics I can report 40 cases of epidural abscess, 14 cases of brain abscess, 44 cases of sinus thrombosis and 5 cases of general meningitis. This list refers simply to cases operated on. Of course, some cases of meningitis were met with which were considered inoperable, but these statistics deal simply with cases operated on. Of the 40 cases of epidural abscess,