tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Massachusetts tobacco control programme: population based trend analysis
Authors: L. Biener
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the impact of the Massachusetts tobacco control programme, which, since its start in January 1993, has spent over $200m—"the highest per capita expenditure for tobacco control in the world"—funded by an extra tax of 25 cents per pack of cigarettes. <b>Design:</b> Population based trend analysis with comparison group. <b>Subjects:</b> Adult residents of Massachusetts and other US states excluding California. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Per capita consumption of cigarettes as measured by states9 sales tax records; prevalence of smoking in adults as measured by several population-based telephone surveys. <b>Results:</b> From 1988 to 1992, decline in per capita consumption of cigarettes in Massachusetts (15%) was similar to that in the comparison states (14%), corresponding to an annual decline of 3-4% for both groups. During 1992-3, consumption continued to decline by 4% in the comparison states but dropped 12% in Massachusetts in response to the tax increase. From 1993 onward, consumption in Massachusetts showed a consistent annual decline of more than 4%, whereas in the comparison states it levelled off, decreasing by less than 1% a year. From 1992, the prevalence of adult smoking in Massachusetts has declined annually by 0.43% (95% confidence interval 0.21% to 0.66%) compared with an increase of 0.03% (−0.06% to 0.12%) in the comparison states (P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings show that a strongly implemented, comprehensive tobacco control programme can significantly reduce tobacco use.
Identification of miR414 and Expression Analysis of Conserved miRNAs from <i>Stevia Rebaudiana</i>
Authors: Praveen Guleria, Sudesh Kumar Yadav
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2011)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) usually contain 19-24 nucleotides and have been identified as important eukaryotic gene regulators. Applications of various computational approaches have simplified the task by predicting miRNAs from available sequence data sources. In this study, we identified a conserved miR414 from a computational analysis of EST sequence data available from Stevia rebaudiana. In addition, we also identified six conserved miRNAs namely miR169, miR319, miR414, miR164, miR167 and miR398 using stem-loop RT-PCR analysis. Hence, miR414 was commonly identified using both methods. The expression analysis of these miRNAs documented their roles in growth and development of Stevia. Furthermore, the detected miRNAs were found to target genes involved in plant growth, development, metabolism and signal transduction. This is the first study reporting these conserved miRNAs and their expression in Stevia.
Pasteurisation and the control of milkborne infection in Britain.
Authors: J C Sharp, G M Paterson, N J Barrett
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Infections carried in milk, particularly salmonellosis and campylobacter enteritis, have continued to feature in Great Britain in recent years. Less commonly reported infections included an outbreak in 1984 in England due to Streptococcus zooepidemicus, in which 12 people, eight of whom died, were admitted to hospital. The implementation of legislation in 1983 requiring heat treatment of cows9 milk for sale to the public reduced the incidence of milkborne infection in Scotland compared with previous years and compared with England and Wales, where, without legislative control, outbreaks continue to occur. Until compulsory pasteurisation is introduced throughout Britain and dairy farming communities can be persuaded to drink only heat treated milk outbreaks of milkborne infection will continue.
Microvolt T-Wave Alternans as a Predictor of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Kaoru Tanno, Syunsho Ryu, Norikazu Watanabe, Yoshino Minoura, Mitsuharu Kawamura, Taku Asano, Youichi Kobayashi, Takashi Katagiri
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Microvolt T-wave alternans (TWA) is reported to be closely associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Animal experiments revealed that microvolt TWA is highly dependent on heart rate. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with TWA at relatively low heart rates have increased vulnerability to ventricular tachyarrhythmias.Subjects were 248 consecutive patients (158 men, 90 women; mean age, 59+/-17 years) who underwent electrophysiological study from 1997 to 2000. TWA recording was made in sinus rhythm and at atrial pacing rates of 90, 100, 110, and 120 bpm with the Cambridge Heart CH2000 system. Alternans voltage (V(alt)) was measured when the alternans ratio was >3 for a period of >1 minute in VM, X, Y, Z, or 2 adjacent precordial leads. Study end point was the first appearance of VT, ventricular fibrillation (VF), appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy with pacing or shocks, or SCD. During the 37+/-12-month follow-up period, 22 patients had sustained VT, and 5 patients died of SCD. In patients with >1.9-microV V(alt) at rates of 90, 100, and 110 bpm, the incidence of VT/VF/SCD was 56%, 28%, and 18%, respectively. V(alt) of >2.9 microV at a heart rate of 90 bpm had a 70% positive predictive value for VT/VF/SCD. However, when V(alt) was <0.9 microV at a rate of 120 bpm, negative predictive value was 100%.Patients with TWA at relatively low heart rates are susceptible to ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Scientists are to investigate "three parent IVF" for preventing mitochondrial diseases
Authors: A. Tavare
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A pioneering research laboratory has been awarded £4.4m (€5.3m; $6.8m) to look into the role of a modified type of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) involving three adults to prevent the inheritance of mitochondrial diseases. 

Mark Walport, director of the Wellcome Trust, which made the grant, said that “mitochondrial diseases can be devastating for sufferers and their families.” He added that although science had made great progress in uncovering the nature of these diseases, “treatment hasn’t kept pace.”

If approved for use in the United Kingdom—which would require a change in the law—the procedure could help the estimated 12 000 people who have a mitochondrial disease to have a healthy baby. About 100 babies are born each year with a severe …
Survival and cessation in injecting drug users: prospective observational study of outcomes and effect of opiate substitution treatment
Authors: J. Kimber, L. Copeland, M. Hickman, J. Macleod, J. McKenzie, D. De Angelis, J. R. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objectives</b> To examine survival and long term cessation of injecting in a cohort of drug users and to assess the influence of opiate substitution treatment on these outcomes. <b>Design</b> Prospective open cohort study. <b>Setting</b> A single primary care facility in Edinburgh. <b>Participants</b> 794 patients with a history of injecting drug use presenting between 1980 and 2007; 655 (82%) were followed up by interview or linkage to primary care records and mortality register, or both, and contributed 10 390 person years at risk; 557 (85%) had received opiate substitution treatment. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Duration of injecting: years from first injection to long term cessation, defined as last injection before period of five years of non-injecting; mortality before cessation; overall survival. <b>Results</b> In the entire cohort 277 participants achieved long term cessation of injecting, and 228 died. Half of the survivors had poor health related quality of life. Median duration from first injection to death was 24 years for participants with HIV and 41 years for those without HIV. For each additional year of opiate substitution treatment the hazard of death before long term cessation fell 13% (95% confidence interval 17% to 9%) after adjustment for HIV, sex, calendar period, age at first injection, and history of prison and overdose. Conversely exposure to opiate substitution treatment was inversely related to the chances of achieving long term cessation. <b>Conclusions</b> Opiate substitution treatment in injecting drug users in primary care reduces this risk of mortality, with survival benefits increasing with cumulative exposure to treatment. Treatment does not reduce the overall duration of injecting.
Current Health Care Environment
Authors: Edward J. Volpintesta
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters19 January 1999Current Health Care EnvironmentEdward J. Volpintesta, MDEdward J. Volpintesta, MDBethel Medical Group; Bethel, CT 06801Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00022 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his essay on the current health care environment, Dr. Nolan (1) presents some legitimate arguments supporting his contention that for various aspects of adult care, general internists may be better trained than family practitioners.Unfortunately, he neglected some important aspects of primary care in actual practice that greatly diminish the differences in training and orientation that exist between the two specialties. For example, patients do not differentiate between internal medicine and family practice as greatly as he may imagine. When patients choose a physician, they often do so on the basis of such qualities as the physician's reputation and availability. Because most patients are healthy, it seems that regardless of the validity of Dr. Nolan's conclusions about which specialty is better trained for treating adults, physicians of both specialties should be able to take care of patients adequately.Subspecialists are available for the small percentage of patients who are very sick or whose diagnoses require special attention. Furthermore, both specialties are asked to stretch their boundaries by the communities that they serve. It is as rare to see general internists practicing “pure” internal medicine as it is to see family practitioners practicing “pure” family practice.Most young internists and family practitioners are more willing than Dr. Nolan to concede that in daily practice, their similarities surpass their dissimilarities. Health care delivery would improve and much money in training would be saved if family practice and general internal medicine combined into a single training program with special tracks for those desiring to learn more about surgery, obstetrics, research, or subspecialty medicine.Reference1. Nolan JP. Internal medicine in the current health care environment: a need for reaffirmation. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:857-62. LinkGoogle Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethel Medical Group; Bethel, CT 06801 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInternal Medicine in the Current Health Care Environment: A Need for Reaffirmation James P. Nolan Current Health Care Environment Gene H. Ginsberg Current Health Care Environment Albert DiPiero Current Health Care Environment James P. Nolan Metrics 19 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 2Page: 164KeywordsHealth carePatientsSub-specialty careSurgery Issue Published: 19 January 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Posttranscriptional stabilization underlies p53-independent induction of p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 in differentiating human leukemic cells.
Authors: J Schwaller, H P Koeffler, G Niklaus, P Loetscher, S Nagel, M F Fey, A Tobler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

p21WAF/CIP1/SDI1 is a recently identified gene expressed in cells harboring wild-type but not mutant p53 gene. It encodes a nuclear protein of 21 kD which inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Constitutive p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 mRNA expression was detected in neoplastic cells from patients with various hematological malignancies as well as in normal bone marrow mononuclear cells and in myeloid and lymphoid cell lines independent of their p53 status. Induced differentiation of the p53-deficient promyelocytic HL-60 cells along the monocytic lineage by phorbol ester or 1a,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in a marked increase of both p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 mRNA and protein expression due to enhanced mRNA stability. Differentiation towards the granulocytic lineage by all-trans retinoic acid or dimethylsulfoxide failed to produce this effect. p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 is an immediate early gene since its upregulation occurred independently of de novo protein synthesis. The induction of p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 expression and its regulation in p53-deficient differentiating leukemic cells support the idea of an additional, p53-independent role of p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 in human hematopoiesis.
Biokompatibilität von implantaten in der orthopädieJ. Harms and E. Mäusle: (Implant biocompatibilily in orthopaedic surgery) Beihefte zur Unfallheilkunde (Traumatology) Springer Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York, 1980. pp 118, DM 154 (in German)
Authors: P GRISS
Journal: Biomaterials (1981)
Aminophylline and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: NASSER M. GAYED
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1988Aminophylline and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseNASSER M. GAYED, M.D.NASSER M. GAYED, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-307_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Rice and colleagues (1) state "There is . . . only a 5% chance that aminophylline causes a mean improvement of 115 mL or larger in the [forced expiratory volume in 1 second] FEV1." This statement is incorrect; it should read: "If aminophylline causes a mean improvement of 115 mL or larger in the FEV1, there would be only a 5% chance of obtaining results similar to ours (2)."It seems that the analysis of the power of the test, referred to above, was done for the overall mean difference over the whole study. On the other...References1. RICELEATHERMANDUANE KJP. Aminophylline for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:305-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. COLTON T. Statistics in Medicine. Boston: Little, Brown; 1974:120-3. Google Scholar3. FILUKEASTONANTHONISEN RPN. Responses to large doses of salbutamol and theophylline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985;132:871-4. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. POCOCKHUGHESLEE SMR. Statistical problems in the reporting of clinical trials. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:426-32. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WELCH M. Obstructive diseases. In: GUENTHER CA, WELCH MH, eds. Pulmonary Medicine. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company; 1982:738. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: NASSER M. GAYED, M.D.Affiliations: Wayne State University Detroit, MI 48201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1988Volume 108, Issue 2Page: 307-308KeywordsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseForced expiratory volumeForced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Fibrate Use in the United States and Canada
Authors: Alexander Tenenbaum
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anks3 interacts with nephronophthisis proteins and is required for normal renal development
Authors: Toma A. Yakulov, Takayuki Yasunaga, Haribaskar Ramachandran, Christina Engel, Barbara Müller, Sylvia Hoff, Jörn Dengjel, Soeren S. Lienkamp, Gerd Walz
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Gynaecomastia produced by Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Authors: R. D. Lawrence
Journal: BMJ (1943)

A Case of Adenocarcinoma of Jejunum Malignant tumours of the jejunum are not common.Stein (1937) finds that they comprise only 1.3% of all malignant bowel tumours-including the stomach-over a five-year period.A study of 108 cases of malignancy in the small intestine by Chas.W. Mayo (1940) showed that the average age of patients was 52 years.These cases formed 0.7°% of all malignant bowel tumours over a period of 33 years.He finds that only 42.4% are resectable and the mortality is 30%.The case here recorded is of interest because of the age of the patient, the lack of bowel symptoms, and the size of the tumour.CASE RECORD An Army patient aged 29 was admitted to a medical ward in.this hospital in Jan., 1942.He gave a history of pain in the back.It was of an aching character, almost always present, made worse
FDA gets new powers to regulate food safety
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The US Congress passed legislation on 19 December giving the US Food and Drug Administration new authority to prevent foodborne outbreaks of illness. President Obama is expected to sign it before the end of the year.

The law changes the FDA’s approach to a prevention strategy rather than reacting to foodborne outbreaks. It is the first expansion of FDA’s power since 1938, when the agency was given authority over food, drugs, and cosmetics.

FDA commissioner Margaret Hamburg said the bill would add new levels of responsibility and accountability to producers and importers in the global food supply chain.

The US has had recent outbreaks of disease from contaminated eggs, spinach, tomatoes, peanut butter, cookie dough, and jalapeno peppers. In the past, …
A Bibliography of Sir William Petty, F.R.S. and of
Authors: William B. Ober
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Somewhat neglected because few of his works were published in his lifetime (and some remain unpublished today), Sir William Petty (1623-1687), an early and influential member of the Royal Society, was a seminal figure in the development of economic theory and ideas of social welfare. Early in his career he was professor of anatomy at Oxford, and scattered through his writings are ideas on education of doctors, the role of hospitals in society, and a concept of egalitarianism in medical care prefiguring 19th and 20th century "reforms." The<i>Observations on the Bills of Mortality</i>, by John Graunt (1620-1674), was the first serious effort to deal with what has become the study of vital statistics, and Petty assisted Graunt in preparing them for publication, inasmuch as they furnished a useful application of his theory of "political arithmetic." Sir Geoffrey Keynes, himself a physician widely admired for his biography of William Harvey
Mutations in ORC1, encoding the largest subunit of the origin recognition complex, cause microcephalic primordial dwarfism resembling Meier-Gorlin syndrome
Authors: Louise S Bicknell, Sarah Walker, Anna Klingseisen, Tom Stiff, Andrea Leitch, Claudia Kerzendorfer, Carol-Anne Martin, Patricia Yeyati, Nouriya Al Sanna, Michael Bober, Diana Johnson, Carol Wise, Andrew P Jackson, Mark O'Driscoll, Penny A Jeggo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
MELANOSARCOMA OF THE CONJUNCTIVA, WITH THE REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: ALBERT RUFUS BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Mr. G. of Cambridge Springs, Pa., aged 69 years, was first seen in March, 1888, with a dark purplish lobulated tumor of the left eyeball, about three quarters of an inch in length, one-half inch in breadth and about one-half inch in thickness, springing from the ocular conjunctiva on the nasal side. The tumor was first noticed about one year previously as a small dark spot. There was no history of traumatism. There was diplopia when looking to the right, owing to the tumor preventing the eye rotating in that direction. There was slight haziness of the lower part of the cornea, probably due to the imperfect closure of the lids, but otherwise vision was good. A fairly satisfactory ophthalmoscopic examination was possible, revealing a healthy fundus. The tumor was slightly movable, but I was uncertain whether or no it was adherent to sclerotic or deep orbital structures. There was
Intracardiac Spread of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis with Successful Surgical Excision
Authors: Adam D. Timmis, Christopher Smallpeice, Anne C. Davies, Angus M. Macarthur, Philip Gishen, Graham Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

INTRAVENOUS leiomyomatosis may be defined as the extension into venous channels of histologically benign smooth-muscle tumors arising either from a uterine myoma or from the walls of a uterine vessel.1 Marshall and Morris2 provided the first English-language report of this condition in 1959; their paper also summarized 16 earlier cases in the European literature. Since 1959, only 28 further cases have appeared in English-language publications.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Three reports in the German literature12 13 14 describe autopsy evidence of direct extension of intravenous leiomyomatosis from the pelvic veins into the inferior vena cava and right atrium. We describe a further case of intracardiac spread . . .
Hb lulu island (α<sub>2</sub>β<sub>2</sub>107[G9]Gly→Asp)‐β°‐thalassemia (codon 15; TGG → TAG), a form of thalassemia intermedia
Authors: G. R. Gray, H. E. Manson, L‐H. Gu, J. Ye. Leonova, T. H. J. Huisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Hb Lulu Island [beta 107(G9)Gly-->Asp] was discovered in an East Indian female who carried a common beta zero-thalassemia allele, i.e., codon 15, TGG-->TAG (is a stop codon) in trans. Both abnormalities were detected through sequencing of the amplified beta-globin genes and were confirmed by hybridization with 32P-labeled probes. Hb Lulu Island is mildly unstable with a borderline decrease in oxygen affinity; its instability is less severe than that of Hb Burke or beta 107(G9)Gly-->Arg. The compound heterozygosity expresses as a thalassemia intermedia with moderate anemia, a variable need for blood transfusions, Heinz body formation, and a red cell morphology which is typical for such a condition. The level of HbA2 was greatly increased (6.5-7.0%) as was the delta chain level (12% of total non-alpha) probably because of the instability of Hb Lulu Island and the decreased ability of the beta x chain to form dimers with the normal alpha chain.
Not a silly story
Authors: Ike Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2008)

UK researchers: beware the end of July. With it comes the onset of the long summer recess of parliament and, therefore, the media’s “silly season.” MPs disappear for extended holidays (sorry, “fact finding missions”), leaving the country to struggle on, somehow. The resulting lack of political initiatives, relaunches, analysis, speculation, and gossip means that other, supposedly more trivial, items are freer to jostle for coverage. Cue the reporting of medical studies that might not otherwise cut it as stories.

Yes, the season presents more opportunities …