tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: Cholinesterase inhibitors do not reduce progression to dementia from mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Nasseer Masoodi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club19 February 2013Review: Cholinesterase inhibitors do not reduce progression to dementia from mild cognitive impairmentNasseer Masoodi, MD, MBA, FACPNasseer Masoodi, MD, MBA, FACPFlorida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (N.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-4-201302190-02003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationRuss TC, Morling JR. Cholinesterase inhibitors for mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(9):CD009132. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22972133Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Mental Health: Geriatrics: Neurology: Reference1 Birks J. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(1):CD005593. [PMID: 16437532] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nasseer Masoodi, MD, MBA, FACPAffiliations: Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (N.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 February 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byManagementManagementThe Consideration about Usefulness of Mass Screening for Dementia 19 February 2013Volume 158, Issue 4 Page: JC3 Keywords Adverse events Alzheimer disease Arrhythmia Cholinesterase inhibitors Dementia Dementia with Lewy bodies Mild cognitive impairment Safety Vascular dementia Vascular diseases ePublished: 19 February 2013 Issue Published: 19 February 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hospital admissions for acute anaphylaxis: time trend study
Authors: A. Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Anecdotal evidence suggests that the incidence of acute anaphylaxis is increasing. 1 Reasons for this supposed increase are poorly understood although a number of factors associated with the "Western lifestyle" have been implicated, such as changes in diet and the increasing use of therapeutic drugs.We investigated trends in hospital admissions for acute anaphylaxis using routinely collected national hospital discharge statistics from 1991-2 to 1994-5. Methods and resultsThe hospital episode statistics database captures information on every admission to NHS hospitals in England.One primary diagnosis code and up to six secondary codes are recorded, the latter providing information on aetiology.We looked at hospital discharges occurring between 1 April 1991 and 31 March 1995 in which the primary ICD-9 (international classification of diseases, ninth revision) code was anaphylaxis (either anaphylactic shock (ICD-9 code 995.0) or anaphylactic shock due to serum (999.4))together with a recorded aetiology.Data were analysed with the 2 test for linear trends over time.Over the four years there were 32.4 million discharge episodes.In 2424 of these the primary diagnosis was anaphylaxis.There was an increase from 5.6 instances of anaphylaxis per 100 000 discharges in 1991-2 to 10.2 in 1994-5 ( 2 = 141, P < 0.001) (figure).Aetiology was recorded for 1248 of 2424 (51%) discharges; the most common causes of anaphylaxis were therapeutic drugs (772/1248; 62%), food (193/1248; 15%), and insect venom (138/1248; 11%).These percentages remained fairly constant throughout the four years.For some subcategories increases were apparent above the overall increase in anaphylaxis.These included the largest subcategory of food induced anaphylaxis (unspecified and other foods (E865.8,E865.9, P = 0.03) and bacterial, biological, and other vaccines (E948, E949, P = 0.003).
CHANCRE OF THE NASAL SEPTUM
Authors: Jacques Holinger
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, May 28, Dr. Zeisler publishes a report of three patients suffering from chancre of the nasal septum, one of the patients being a physician. I know of two more physicians who acquired syphilis by picking their noses while examining patients. Especially younger colleagues forget themselves while examining patients and scratch their itching nose. Students ought to be cautioned; also the interns and younger doctors who are so eager to work and learn.
CHRONIC CARBON MONOXID POISONING
Authors: ANFIN EGDAHL
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The tragic results of acute carbon monoxid poisoning are so manifest, and the clinical aspects have been so thoroughly studied, that nothing will be said about this phase of the subject. Chronic carbon monoxid poisoning, on the other hand, although for a long time recognized, has not been given the attention it deserves by the medical profession; and, without a doubt, a considerable number of ailments and indispositions, not severe enough to be considered seriously, occur every year in a community that may be directly due to this ubiquitous gas, so characteristic of twentieth century civilization. The Ohio State Department of Health<sup>1</sup>reported eighty-one cases of carbon monoxid asphyxiation, with thirty-four deaths, during the first ten weeks of the past winter. If this is true of carbon monoxid asphyxiation, how many are the cases of moderate and mild degrees of poisoning which are not reported or even suspected? That
Myocardial Ischemic Memory Imaging With Molecular Echocardiography
Authors: Flordeliza S. Villanueva, Erxiong Lu, Shivani Bowry, Sevgi Kilic, Eric Tom, Jianjun Wang, Joan Gretton, John J. Pacella, William R. Wagner
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome in patients presenting with chest discomfort is a challenge. Because acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion is associated with endothelial upregulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules, which persist even after ischemia has resolved, we hypothesized that microbubbles designed to adhere to endothelial selectins would permit echocardiographic identification of recently ischemic myocardium.Lipid microbubbles (diameter, 3.3+/-1.7 microm) were synthesized. The selectin ligand sialyl Lewis(x) was conjugated to the microbubble surface (MB(sLex)). Control bubbles (MB(CTL)) bore surface Lewis(x) or sialyl Lewis(c). Intravital microscopy of mouse cremaster muscle was performed after intravenous injection of MB(sLex) (n=11) or MB(CTL) (n=9) with or without prior intrascrotal tumor necrosis factor-alpha. There was greater adhesion of MB(sLex) to inflamed versus noninflamed endothelium (P = 0.0081). Rats (n=12) underwent 15 minutes of anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. After 30 minutes and 1 hour of reperfusion, high-mechanical-index nonlinear echocardiographic imaging was performed in which single frames were acquired at 3.5 and 4 minutes after intravenous injection of MB(sLex) or MB(CTL). Video intensity at 4 minutes was subtracted from that at 3.5 minutes to derive target-specific acoustic signal. MB(sLex) caused greater opacification in postischemic versus nonischemic myocardium at both time points (P < or = 0.002). Immunostaining confirmed endothelial P-selectin expression in the ischemic bed.Echocardiographic identification of recently ischemic myocardium is possible using ultrasound contrast agents targeted to selectins. This may offer a new approach to the more timely and precise diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in patients presenting with chest pain of uncertain cardiac origin.
New 20 year patents threaten to end AIDS drugs for developing countries
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Efforts to bring antiretroviral treatment to AIDS patients in developing countries are threatened by the looming implementation of new World Trade Organisation's patent rules, the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres warned this week.

The organisation's TRIPS (trade related aspects of intellectual property rights) agreement comes into force for most signatories on 1 January 2005. It requires the organisation's members to grant 20 year patents to new pharmaceutical products. Only the least developed countries can postpone implementation until 2016.

Medecins Sans Frontieres' international president, Dr Rowan Gillies, told the BMJ …
Hyperdynamic circulation in portal-hypertensive rats is dependent on central c-fos gene expression
Authors: Daisheng Song, Hongqun Liu, Keith A. Sharkey, Samuel S. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Portal hypertension is associated with hyperdynamic circulation, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. To clarify the role of central cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms, several protocols were conducted in rats with portal hypertension due to portal vein stenosis (PVS). Neuronal activation was quantified by immunohistochemical staining for Fos, the protein product of the c-fos gene. Fos expression in several brain nuclei with cardiovascular-regulatory roles was examined at 1, 3, 5, and 10 days following PVS surgery. This was correlated with development of cardiovascular changes measured at the same time points. Finally, Fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was blocked by local microinjection of c-fos antisense oligonucleotides twice daily for 5 days following PVS. The results showed that Fos-positive neurons were significantly increased in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, ventrolateral medulla, and NTS, detectable at day 1 and persistently increased at every day examined in the PVS rats. However, the hyperdynamic circulation developed between days 3 to 5. Administration of c-fos antisense oligonucleotides eliminated the hyperdynamic circulation in PVS rats, but had no effect on sham-operated controls. We conclude that the activation of central cardiovascular-regulatory nuclei, through a c-fos-dependent pathway, is necessary for development of hyperdynamic circulation in portal-hypertensive rats.
A new or old Chinese restaurant syndrome?
Authors: S J Smith, N D Markandu, C Rotellar, D M Elder, G A MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Sandwich immunoassays such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been miniaturized and performed in a lab-on-a-chip format, but the execution of the multiple assay steps typically requires a computer or complex peripherals. Recently, an ELISA for detecting antibodies was encoded structurally in a chip thanks to the microfluidic chain reaction but the need for precise pipetting and intolerance to commonly used surfactant concentrations limited the potential for broader adoption. Here, we introduce the ELISA-on-a-chip with aliquoting functionality that obviates the need for precise pipetting, accommodates higher surfactant concentrations, includes barrier channels that delay the contact between solutions and prevent undesired mixing, and that executed a quantitative, high sensitivity assay for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in 4×-diluted saliva. Upon loading the chip using disposable pipettes, capillary flow draws each reagent and the sample into a separate volumetric measuring reservoir for detection antibody (70 µL), enzyme conjugate (50 µL), substrate (80 µL), and sample (210 µL), and splits washing buffer into 4 different reservoirs of 40, 40, 60, and 20 µL. The excess volume is autonomously drained via a structurally encoded capillaric aliquoting circuit, creating aliquots with an accuracy of &gt;93%. Next, the user click-connects the assay module, comprising a nitrocellulose membrane with immobilized capture antibodies and a capillary pump, to the chip which triggers the step-by-step, timed flow of all aliquoted solutions. A colored precipitate forming a line on a nitrocellulose strip serves as an assay readout, and upon digitization, yielded a binding curve with a limit of detection of 54 and 91 pg/mL for buffer and diluted saliva respectively, vastly outperforming rapid tests. The ELISA chip is 3D-printed, modular, adaptable to other targets and assays, and could be used to automate ELISA in the lab; or as a diagnostic test at the point of care with the convenience and form factor of rapid tests while preserving the protocol and performance of central laboratory ELISA.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Utilization of Mental Health Services in Two American Indian Reservation Populations: Mental Health Disparities in a National Context
Authors: Janette Beals, Douglas K. Novins, Nancy R. Whitesell, Paul Spicer, Christina M. Mitchell, Spero M. Manson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project (AI-SUPERPFP) provided estimates of the prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders and utilization of services for help with those disorders in American Indian populations. Completed between 1997 and 1999, the AI-SUPERPFP was designed to allow comparison of findings with the results of the baseline National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), conducted in 1990–1992, which reflected the general United States population. METHOD: A total of 3,084 tribal members (1,446 in a Southwest tribe and 1,638 in a Northern Plains tribe) age 15–54 years living on or near their home reservations were interviewed with an adaptation of the University of Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The lifetime and 12-month prevalences of nine DSM-III-R disorders were estimated, and patterns of help-seeking for symptoms of mental disorders were examined. RESULTS: The most common lifetime diagnoses in the American Indian populations were alcohol dependence, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and major depressive episode. Compared with NCS results, lifetime PTSD rates were higher in all American Indian samples, lifetime alcohol dependence rates were higher for all but Southwest women, and lifetime major depressive episode rates were lower for Northern Plains men and women. Fewer disparities for 12-month rates emerged. After differences in demographic variables were accounted for, both American Indian samples were at heightened risk for PTSD and alcohol dependence but at lower risk for major depressive episode, compared with the NCS sample. American Indian men were more likely than those in NCS to seek help for substance use problems from specialty providers; American Indian women were less likely to talk to nonspecialty providers about emotional problems. Help-seeking from traditional healers was common in both American Indian populations and was especially common in the Southwest. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that these American Indian populations had comparable, and in some cases greater, mental health service needs, compared with the general population of the United States.
Epstein-Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative disease after long-standing cyclosporine therapy for psoriasis: A case of spontaneous regression
Authors: Jean-Daniel Lelièvre, Karim Sacre, Homa Adle-Biassette, Valérie Molinier-Frenkel, Philippe Gaulard, Thomas Papo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Rapid transcriptional down-regulation of c-myc expression during cyclic adenosine monophosphate-promoted differentiation of leukemic cells.
Authors: A Slungaard, D L Confer, W H Schubach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Pharmacologic elevation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) promotes growth arrest and differentiation in a variety of transformed mammalian cells, including the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line. However, mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. Because cellular oncogenes play a pivotal role in regulating proliferation and differentiation, we examined whether cAMP-promoted differentiation of HL-60 was preceded by a decrease in the expression of c-myc, a cellular oncogene both amplified and constitutively expressed in HL-60. We find that cyclic AMP elevation in HL-60 caused by three different pharmacologic regimens is followed by an abrupt, greater than 90% decrease in steady state c-myc mRNA levels within 3 h, well before detectable changes in proliferation and differentiation. This decrease, which occurs despite protein synthetic blockade, is attributable to transcriptional down-regulation of c-myc and is accompanied by changes in chromatin structure near c-myc promoter sites. Our findings establish that cAMP, a ubiquitous intracellular regulatory messenger previously known only to enhance gene transcriptional activity in higher eukaryotic cells, can also suppress transcription of a cellular oncogene, thereby suggesting a potential mechanism for cAMP-promoted differentiation.
End-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. Persistence of enterovirus RNA in myocardium at cardiac transplantation and lack of immune response.
Authors: N E Bowles, M L Rose, P Taylor, N R Banner, P Morgan-Capner, L Cunningham, L C Archard, M H Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Tissue from the explanted hearts of 21 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or 19 patients with other specific heart muscle diseases were investigated for presence of enterovirus-specific RNA with an enterovirus group-specific cDNA probe. This was complementary to coxsackievirus B2 RNA sequences between nucleotide numbers 6,550 and 7,400, which are highly conserved between enteroviruses. Hearts from six patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and one patient with ischemic heart disease were found to contain virus RNA. Serology revealed that only one patient (dilated cardiomyopathy group) was positive for coxsackievirus B-specific IgM but negative for virus RNA in the myocardium. Quantitation of leukocytes and T-lymphocytes in the myocardium and expression of major histocompatibility locus antigens revealed no significant differences associated with persistence of virus RNA. These data demonstrate that enterovirus RNA persists in myocardium of a significant proportion of patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy in the absence of a continuing cell-mediated or humoral immune response.
A New Endoscopic Tattooing Technique for Identifying the Location of Colonic Lesions During Laparoscopic Surgery: A Comparison with the Conventional Technique
Authors: K.-I. Fu, T. Fujii, S. Kato, Y. Sano, I. Koba, K. Mera, H. Saito, T. Yoshino, M. Sugito, S. Yoshida
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Knowledge of the exact location of colorectal lesions is necessary but difficult to establish during surgery. Thus, endoscopic tattooing has been used as an important preoperative marker for identification. Using the conventional technique, we injected tattooing agents directly into the colonic wall. However, to make sure that the tattooing agents were adequately injected into the submucosal layer, and to prevent spillage into the peritoneal cavity, we modified the conventional method and developed a new tattooing technique: using India ink with prior and subsequent injection of saline into the submucosa. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the clinical utility and potential complications of the above two techniques of endoscopic tattooing using India ink.
Population Health and Accountable Care Organizations
Authors: Eric D. Sanford, Margaret A. Handley
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Activation of complement and kinin systems after thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. A comparison between streptokinase and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Authors: A Agostoni, M Gardinali, D Frangi, C Cafaro, L Conciato, C Sponzilli, A Salvioni, M Cugno, M Cicardi
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND We have previously shown that treatment with streptokinase induces abrupt complement activation and transient neutropenia in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different thrombolytic agents--streptokinase (SK) and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA)--on activation of the complement and kinin systems in plasma of patients with AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-one patients with AMI who were eligible for thrombolytic therapy were studied. Twenty-three patients were treated with streptokinase (1.5 million IU IV over 60 minutes) and 18 were treated with rTPA (8 with bolus of 10 mg IV, followed by 50 mg infused over 60 minutes and then 40 mg infused over 120 minutes; 10 patients were administered rTPA and heparin according to the accelerated infusion protocol indicated by the GUSTO study). C4a and C3a were measured by radioimmunoassay, soluble terminal complement components (SC5b-9) and anti-SK IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA. Cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (HK) was quantitated in plasma by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analysis. C4a levels were significantly and similarly increased in both groups, whereas the levels of C3a and SC5b-9 after rTPA infusion were only slightly elevated and were significantly lower than after SK. No differences were observed between patients treated with slow or accelerated rTPA regimens. The titer of antibodies to SK was highly correlated with the levels of C3a and SC5b-9, whereas a lesser correlation was observed with C4a. Treatment with rTPA did not induce the transient neutropenia observed after SK infusion. The cleavage products of HK were significantly greater after SK than after rTPA infusion. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that both thrombolytic agents activate the classic complement pathway and that plasmin could be the common trigger for this phenomenon. A significant activation of the complement common pathway (from C3 to terminal components) was observed only with SK infusion and is attributable to the rapid formation of immunocomplexes between SK and anti-SK antibodies present in plasma as a consequence of previous streptococcal infections. The minimal activation of C5 component of the common pathway explains the absence of leukopenia in patients treated with rTPA. Cleavage of HK, larger after SK than after rTPA infusion, represents a condition enhancing the generation of bradykinin by kallikrein. The recent experimental data that indicate a damaging effect of complement activation on the infarcted zone and the contrasting favorable effect consequent to bradykinin formation raise some questions about the clinical importance of the different biological consequences of SK versus rTPA.