tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intranasal fluticasone propionate does not prevent acute otitis media during viral upper respiratory infection in children
Authors: Aino Ruohola, Terho Heikkinen, Matti Waris, Tuomo Puhakka, Olli Ruuskanen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common complication of a viral upper respiratory infection (URI) in children. The virus-induced host inflammatory response in the nasopharynx plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AOM. Suppression of this inflammatory process might prevent the development of AOM as a complication. Objective: We sought to assess the effect of intranasally administered fluticasone propionate on prevention of AOM during a viral respiratory infection. Methods: A total of 210 children (mean age, 2.1 years; range, 0.7-3.9 years) with normal middle ear status and URI of 48 hours' duration or less were randomly allocated to receive either fluticasone (100 μg twice daily) or placebo for 7 days. The specific viral cause of the infection was determined from nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained at the first visit. The children were re-examined at the end of the 7-day medication period. Results: In the fluticasone group AOM developed in 40 (38.1%) of 105 children compared with 29 (28.2%) of 103 children receiving placebo (P = .13). The viral cause of the respiratory infection was determined in 167 (86.1%) of 194 children from whom a nasopharyngeal aspirate was obtained. In children with rhinovirus infection, AOM developed significantly more often in the fluticasone group (45.7%) than in the placebo group (14.7%, P = .005). Conclusion: Intranasally administered fluticasone does not prevent the development of AOM during URI but may increase the incidence of AOM during rhinovirus infection. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:467-71.)
Liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis
Authors: Nancy L. Ascher, John R. Lake, Jean Emond, John Roberts
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Since the introduction of techniques to reliably identify antibody to the hepatitis C virus and quantitation of hepatitis C virus, there has been an increasing interest in the behavior of chronic hepatitis C infection with liver transplantation. Ninety-seven patients with chronic active hepatitis C and fifty-nine patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis underwent 100 and 62 liver transplantation procedures, respectively, at a single institution. This represents 35% of the total liver transplantations performed during this time period. Twenty-three percent of transplants were performed in patients with evidence of chronic active hepatitis C. Patients and graft survival were excellent in both groups. One-, 2- and 3-yr patient survival rates for chronic active hepatitis C and cryptogenic cirrhosis were 94%, 89% and 87% and 84%, 84% and 73%, respectively. Hepatitis C can frequently be identified after transplantation. More than 95% of patients show persistence of antibody to the hepatitis C virus. Forty-one of 95 patients (surviving > 1 mo) showed recurrent hepatitis (initially seen 3 to 20 mo after transplantation), and 12 progressed to chronic active hepatitis. In 16 patients of the cryptogenic group in whom hepatitis developed, 11 were associated with de novo hepatitis C infection. Seven of these 11 cases went on to a chronic state. Of 11 deaths after transplant in the hepatitis C group, 2 were directly related to recurrent disease. There were 15 deaths in the cryptogenic group, 2 related to de novo hepatitis C. Patients were not serotyped. Interferon therapy was attempted in a small number of patients with disease, with inconclusive results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluating vitamin prophylaxis for cancer
Authors: K. Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1986)

It's been four years since the National Cancer Institute (NCI) formally announced that it was launching a long-range cancer chemoprevention program. Since then, the institute has launched 26 clinical trials, and backed them with about $27 million in funding annually. The designs—and preliminary results—of some of these trials were presented in Tucson at the Second International Conference on the Modulation and Mediation of Cancer by Vitamins and Micronutrients.  Peter Greenwald, MD, director of the NCI's Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Bethesda, Md, characterized the program in a keynote address: I think for the first time we have investigators from many different disciplines who are working hard at it [and are] working together. We have testable hypotheses that are very plausible. We have clinical trials in progress in cancer prevention, and they're augmented by a lot of basic research studies of the biochemistry.  The program is designed to evaluate the
A Textbook of Histology
Authors: Burgess L. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This is a book that should join the pillars of a student's library. It is a direct descendant of Cowdry's earlier volume, completely revised and rewritten. The concepts of cellular structure are elucidated under the light of an electron microscope, with discussions of intracellular substances, tissues, and organs. In conformance with usual teaching, the basic tissues are brought together in a single section beginning with a chapter on Epithelium and Glands. The final section relates to the structure of all organs, grouped according to systems. Photomicrographs have been added to the many illustrations retained from the fourth edition. An interesting feature is the visualization of ultramicroscopic structures, which gives great clarity and insight. Thus, the older but still acceptable concepts have been dressed up with the skills of technology. The summaries for each chapter are colorful and exacting. No one will forget such graphic references as the "liver is the
Abstract 2129: Regulation of DNA repair by Kruppel-like factor 8
Authors: Heng Lu, Liu Hu, Tianshu Li, Debarati Mukherjee, Satadru Lahiri, Melissa Wason, Lin Yu, and Jihe Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) regulates critical gene transcription and cellular events associated with cancer. Recently we have identified poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP-1) as a novel KLF8-interacting and regulating protein. However, whether KLF8 is involved in PARP-1 relulated DNA repair is unknown. Here, we report that KLF8 plays a role in the PARP-1-dependent DNA repair. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining indicated that overexpression of KLF8 attenuated the αH2A.X levels in doxorubicin-treated PARP-1+/+ MEF cells but not in the PARP-1−/− MEF cells, whereas the PARP-1-interaction-defective KLF8 mutant did not affect the αH2A.X levels. Clonogenic assay and tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay showed that KLF8 promoted cell survival in human breast cancer cells. Comet assay revealed that KLF8 expression could decrease DNA damage levels. Interestingly, we found that in response to DNA damage KLF8 was phosphorylated by DNA-PKcs and subsequently sumoylated, which depended on the interaction between KLF8 and PARP-1. These results suggest a novel role and mechanism for KLF8 in the regulation of DNA repair in cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2129. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2129
Comparative trial of rectal indomethacin and cryoanalgesia for control of early postthoracotomy pain.
Authors: D J Keenan, K Cave, L Langdon, R E Lea
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A randomised double blind trial was carried out over the first two days after thoracotomy to compare the analgesic effects of rectal indomethacin 100 mg administered eight hourly, cryoanalgesia, and a combination of both of these with the effects of conventional intramuscular opiate analgesia. Pain scores were significantly reduced with both rectal indomethacin alone and cryoanalgesia alone; these treatments had an additive effect when used in combination. Pain on movement was significantly increased, and indomethacin was more effective in reducing this than cryoanalgesia. Groups receiving either indomethacin alone or the combination treatment required significantly less opiate on the first day and exhibited improved peak flow values over the first two days. It is concluded that rectal indomethacin, in this dosage, can provide good, safe analgesia after thoracotomy with minimum administrative difficulty. When used as an adjunct to cryoanalgesia it has an additive effect. There are many potential uses for this drug in other branches of surgery.
Researchers investigate potential use of plant as a pain killer
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have enlisted one of the oldest known medicinal plants as a potent painkiller. Euphorbia resinfera , a cactus-like plant, is a member of the euphorb family, of which there about 2000 species. The active ingredient, resiniferatoxin, was isolated in the 1970s. It is a potent analogue of capsaicin, the substance that gives chilli peppers their pungency.

The work is a novel approach to pain management because it elliminates nerve cells involved in chronic pain but …
Assessment of Cerebral Hemodynamics to Acetazolamide Using Brain Perfusion SPECT in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Soon-Ah Park, Chung-Yong Yang, See-Sung Choi, Woo Hyoung Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary microangiopathy caused by mutations in the Notch3 gene located on chromosome 19, leading to 4 cardinal features with aura, cerebrovascular ischemic events, mood disturbances, and dementia. Acetazolamide (ACZ) has been promoted as a drug to determine cerebral hemodynamics, including cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in patients with cerebrovascular disease. In CADASIL patients with small-vessel disease, ACZ may be possible to increase CBF. We present that reduced CBF was dramatically improved after administration of ACZ on Tc-99m ECD brain perfusion SPECT in a CADASIL patient.
The Cartesian Computer
Authors: Peter Black
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial on the difference between computers and men (227:194, 1974) presents a remarkably clear and distinct summary of Descartes' "Cogito, ergo sum." This<i>cogito</i>cannot have much to do with computer consciousness, however. Descartes' "I" was introspective, completely detached from any physical associations, requiring God to ensure that its sensations and thoughts were not just dreams. It was probably not what we mean by thinking or by consciousness today, and it is not liable to be applied to machines. In fact, it is not even strictly applicable to another human being. It is entirely introspective, arrived at by looking into myself. I therefore have no real way of knowing that you have any thoughts or consciousness at all. <i>Spontaneity</i>of thought may more plausibly distinguish us from machines than the mere presence of thought. There is a double problem here. Whether human thought is truly spontaneous
Multiple Myeloma in Paget's Disease
Authors: Hassan Mehbod
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article by Grader and Moynihan inThe Journal, May 27, 1961, pp. 685, prompts us to describe briefly the following patient who is currently under our observation. A 79-year-old female was first seen in October, 1960, complaining of low back and right knee pain. X-rays at that time revealed extensive changes characteristic of Paget's disease, involving the skull, pelvis, and hips. Hemoglobin level was 10 gm.%; serum albumin level, 4.8; globulin level, 3.4. Alkaline phosphatase level was 14 King Armstrong units. Patient was at home on limited activity until March 29, 1961, when she was admitted to the hospital with a pathological supracondylar fracture of the right knee. Hemoglobin level was 9.6 gm.%, but a reversal in albumin/globulin ratio had occurred with albumin level being 3.5 and globulin level, 5.9. During 4 weeks of hospitalization, her hemoglobin level fell to 5.7 gm.%, and a sternal marrow
Abstract 3776: Bone marrow stromal cell paracrine signaling and IL-6 induce autophagy in bone metastatic prostate cancer cells
Authors: Nikki A. Delk, Mary C. Farach-Carson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death in North American men, where 80% of PCa mortality is due to bone metastasis. It is imperative to understand the biology of PCa cells in bone, especially as related to the role of the microenvironment in cellular adapation. Our lab recently published data revealing that bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) paracrine signaling induces apoptosis in co-cultured bone metastatic PCa cells. However, a subpopulation of the bone metastatic PCa cells can avoid apoptotic cell death and undergo neuroendocrine differentiation (NED), a phenotype that contributes to tumor growth and is correlated with poor prognosis. One process that mediates cell survival and differentiation is autophagy, a process of sequestering cytoplasmic components for degradation and recycling to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy provides a long term survival and growth advantage for cancer cells by relieving metabolic stress. Neuronal differentiation with cytoplasmic reduction is one adaptive response that can involve autophagy. Thus, we hypothesize that autophagy is a cytoprotective mechanism for PCa cell survival and NED in the bone microenvironment. To address this, we assessed the paracrine effect of BMSC on bone metastatic PCa cell autophagy and identified interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a BMSC paracrine factor that can induce PCa autophagy. We provide experimental data showing that IL-6 can protect PCa cells from apoptosis and simultaneously induce PCa NED. Current experiments are underway to determine if IL-6-induced autophagy functions upstream of bone metastatic PCa cell survival and NED and to dissect the IL-6 signaling pathway responsible for autophagy induction in PCa cells. These studies will identify IL-6 pathway components as molecular targets to attenuate cytoprotective autophagy in PCa cells in the bone microenvironment, providing new avenues for long term treatment of bone lesions in PCa patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3776. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3776
Pruritogenic mediators in psoriasis vulgaris: comparative evaluation of itch-associated cutaneous factors
Authors: M. Nakamura, M. Toyoda, M. Morohashi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Although some patients with psoriasis vulgaris also complain of severe pruritus, the data available regarding pruritus in psoriasis are sparse.To clarify the mechanism and mediators involved in the pruritus of psoriasis vulgaris, we compared itch-associated factors in lesional skin from psoriatic patients vs. skin without pruritus quantitatively using a panel of histological and immunohistological parameters.Biopsied specimens were obtained from 38 patients with psoriasis vulgaris who were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of pruritus.When compared with psoriatic patients devoid of pruritus, lesional skin from patients with pruritus showed the following characteristic features: (i) a rich innervation both in the epidermis and in the papillary dermis; (ii) an increase in neuropeptide substance P-containing nerve fibres in perivascular areas; (iii) decreased expression of neutral endopeptidase in the epidermal basal layer as well as in the endothelia of blood vessels; (iv) many mast cells showing degranulating processes in the papillary dermis; (v) a strong immunoreactivity for nerve growth factor (NGF) throughout the entire epidermis and an increased NGF content in lesional skin homogenates; (vi) an increase in the expression of high-affinity receptors for NGF (Trk A) in basal keratinocytes and in dermal nerves; (vii) an increased population of interleukin-2-immunoreactive lymphocytes; and (viii) a strong expression of E-selectin on vascular endothelial cells. A significant correlation was observed between the severity of pruritus and protein gene product 9.5-immunoreactive intraepidermal nerve fibres, NGF-immunoreactive keratinocytes, expression of Trk A in the epidermis and the density of immunoreactive vessels for E-selectin. These findings indicate that possible pruritogenic mediators in psoriatic lesional skin are neurogenic factors including innervation, neuropeptide substance P, neuropeptide-degrading enzymes and NGF, activated mast cells, one or more cytokines and endothelial-leucocyte adhesion molecules.These data document for the first time itch-related local markers in psoriasis, and suggest complex and multifactorial mechanisms of pruritus in the disease. These results provide the groundwork for further studies to evaluate the efficacy of antipruritic treatment for psoriatic patients.
The Pelvic Tiltometer For Measuring Leg Shortening
Authors: W. P. Blocker, F. J. Schaffer, W. J. Oesch
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The routine measurement of leg length is both tedious and time-consuming for trained personnel. At the present time there are few devices in common use for the rapid determination of pelvictilt leg shortening. A simple device, the pelvic tiltometer, is proposed for the rapid evaluation of patients suspected of pelvic-tilt leg shortening. If pelvic tilt is found, an accurate determination of leg lengths by conventional methods is indicated. The construction of this device is both simple and inexpensive (total cost $2.50). Materials needed consist of (1) one 9-inch bullet level, (2) rigid (outside) 8-inch caliper (both blades), (3) two 1/4-inch bolts, and (4) two 1/2-inch springs. The device may be constructed by boring and threading a 1/4-inch hole on the upper surface of each end of the bullet level. Each caliper is cut to a length of 5 1/2 inches (or it may be 8 inches in
Eager Communities and Reluctant Doctors
Authors: Mary L. Phillips, John H. Mabry, Charles S. Houston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

HOW do small communities react to the imminent loss of their doctor? How do they define their medical needs and attempt to meet them? Where do they turn for advice? Such questions have long plagued the medical profession, state health departments, medical schools and, not least, the people who live in small communities.The current "crisis in medicine" in the United States has had a long gestation period marked by increasing specialization, proliferation of medical technologies, greater reliance upon hospital facilities and an accelerating "drift" of physicians from rural to urban areas. As medical expertise has advanced, costs have soared, . . .
Immunological and immunohistochemical analysis of rheumatoid nodules.
Authors: N Miyasaka, K Sato, K Yamamoto, M Goto, K Nishioka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

An attempt was made to examine the pathophysiology of the rheumatoid nodule. Significant amounts of interleukin 1-like activity and prostaglandin E2 were detected in the supernatants from in vitro organ cultures of rheumatoid nodule tissue. When fresh (but not old) rheumatoid nodules were minced and cultured in vitro prominent outgrowths of cells were observed. These cells expressed both HLA-DR and CD14 antigens but lacked conventional differentiation antigens for T cells and B cells, suggesting that they are of monocyte-macrophage origin. These data suggest that interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2 may be deeply involved in the formation of rheumatoid nodules.
Cyclophosphamide suppression of established cell-mediated immunity. Quantitative vs. qualitative changes in lymphocyte populations.
Authors: J E Balow, D L Hurley, A S Fauci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The characteristics of cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of established ccll mediated immunity were studied in guinea pigs previously senstized to tuberculin. Cyclophosphamide treatment for 5 days produced a dose-dependent peripheral lymphoctopenia and disproportionatley greater neutrophenia which was particularly striking at high doses of 20 mg/kg per day(approximaetly 200 mg/kg-2 per day). Lymphoctes remianing in the circulation of cyclophosphamide treeated aniamls showed a doses-dependent reduction to both in vitro proliferactive and macrophage migration inhibitory factor responses to tuberculin compared to lymphocte responses of controls. Proliferative responses to phytohemaggultinin and concanavalin a were not significatly suppressed. Additional studies showed that cyclophosphamide suppressed the porliferactive and migration inhibitroy factor responses to tuberculin of lymph node and splenic as well as cirulating lymphocte populations. These studies showed that relatively short-term cyclophospamide administration produced immunosuppresion by quantitative as well as qualitative changes in lymphocyte populations. Significant suppresion of lymphocte function, howerver, was achived only with doses of cyclophoshamide which also produced a severe neutropenia.