tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Interrelationship of Sputum Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: ADAM T. HILL, DARREN BAYLEY, ROBERT A. STOCKLEY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Many of the features of bronchial disease are believed to be caused by damage to the airways by elastase released by recruited neutrophils. There have been few studies of the mechanisms involved and the interrelationships between components of the inflammatory process. We studied secretions from patients with chronic bronchitis in the stable state. We assessed the presence of neutrophils by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and active neutrophil elastase (NE). These results were compared with the chemoattractants interleukin-8 (IL-8) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), the bronchial inhibitor secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI), and protein leak (sputum/serum albumin ratio). MPO correlated with NE activity (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and both IL-8 (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and LTB4 (r = 0.41, p < 0.001) indicating an association with the chemoattractants. Elastase activity correlated with IL-8 (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) and LTB4 (r = 0.41, p < 0.001) but negatively with SLPI (r = − 0.49, p < 0.001). NE also correlated positively with protein leak (r = 0.36, p < 0.001), suggesting a cause and effect. MPO and protein leak correlated negatively with FEV1 (percentage of predicted) only in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) without α1-antitrypsin deficiency (r = − 0.37, p < 0.001; r = − 0.42, p < 0.01, respectively). These complex interactions provide a template for future studies with specific inhibitors or agonists which will clarify the role of individual factors.
Hepatitis C virus replication in ‘autoimmune’ chronic hepatitis
Authors: Silvio Magrin, Antonio Craxi, Carmelo Fabiano, Germana Fiorentino, Piero Almasio, Ugo Palazzo, Giovambattista Pinzello, Giuseppe Provenzano, Luigi Pagliaro, Qui-Lim Choo, George Kuo, Alan Polito, Jang Han, Michael Houghton
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Letter: Tuberculous lymphoedema.
Authors: F L Ashworth
Journal: BMJ (1974)

parent.In your leading article (17 August, p. 430) you express an opinion that was discarded by most ophthalmologists in Bri- tain many years ago.Your support for this del-ayed surgery is lperpetuating an idea which results in many children not developing any form of binocular vision and is per- forming a grave disservice to squinting
Fingerprints, fetal growth, and adult blood pressure. Fingerprint patterns probably inherited.
Authors: C Jones
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Background/Objectives</h3> In England, children (0–18 years) with severe, complex and atypical osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are managed by four centres (Birmingham, Bristol, London, Sheffield) in a ‘Highly Specialised Service’ (HSS OI); affected children with a genetic origin for their disease that is not in <i>COL1A1</i> or <i>COL1A2</i> form the majority of the ‘atypical’ group, which has set criteria for entry into the service. We have used the data from the service to assess the range and frequency of non-collagen pathogenic variants resulting in OI in a single country. <h3>Methods</h3> Children with atypical OI were identified through the HSS OI service database. All genetic testing for children with OI in the service were undertaken at the Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service. Variant data were extracted and matched to individual patients. This study was done as part of a service evaluation project registered with the Sheffield Children’s Hospital Clinical Governance Department. <h3>Results</h3> One hundred of 337 children in the HSS met the ‘atypical’ criteria. Eighty have had genetic testing undertaken; 72 had genetic changes detected, 67 in 13 genes known to be causative for OI. The most frequently affected genes were <i>IFITM5</i> (22), <i>P3H1</i> (12), <i>SERPINF1</i> (8) and <i>BMP1</i> (6). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Among children with more severe forms of OI (approximately one-third of all children with OI), around 20% have pathogenic variants in non-collagen genes. <i>IFITM5</i> was the most commonly affected gene, followed by genes within the <i>P3H1</i> complex. These data provide additional information regarding the likelihood of different genetic origins of the disease in children with OI, which may influence clinical care.
Digoxinlike Toxicity and Death From a Purported Aphrodisiac
Authors: Claus A. Pierach
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —While I read the recent case reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)<sup>1</sup>with interest, I question several of their statements. The serum digoxin levels reported by the authors are between 1.12 and 5.0 nmol/L (0.9 and 3.9 ng/mL), and although these levels may be toxic, I doubt that they should be linked to the patients' illnesses or death. A more appropriate interpretation would be to call these cases unexplained, where bufadienolides may have played a major role. Since the bufadienolides not only are found in toads (Bufonidae) but may also be derived from plants,<sup>2</sup>one would have liked to obtain more details about the composition of this purported aphrodisiac (eg, if there were plant fibers in the incriminated material). The recommendation of "empiric administration of large quantities of Digibind (10 vials) to symptomatic patients who may have ingested such products" needs
Climbing the Mountain of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Clyde W. Yancy
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modulation of <b> <i>Patched</i> </b>-Associated Susceptibility to Radiation Induced Tumorigenesis by Genetic Background
Authors: Simonetta Pazzaglia, Mariateresa Mancuso, Mirella Tanori, Michael J. Atkinson, Paola Merola, Simonetta Rebessi, Vincenzo Di Majo, Vincenzo Covelli, Heidi Hahn, Anna Saran
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract We described previously a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and medulloblastoma (MB) phenotype for CD1Ptch1neo67/+ mice exposed to ionizing radiation. Ptch1 heterozygous mice mimic the predisposition to BCC and MB development of patients affected by nevoid BCC syndrome that inherit a mutant Patched (Ptch1) allele. To examine the impact of genetic background on development of BCCs and other tumors we used two outbred mouse lines characterized by extremely high, carcinogenesis-susceptible (Car-S), and low, carcinogenesis-resistant (Car-R), susceptibility to skin carcinogenesis. Crosses between Ptch1neo67/+ mice and Car-S (F1S) or Car-R mice (F1R) were exposed to ionizing radiation. F1SPtch1neo67/+ mice were highly susceptible to radiation-induced BCCs, whereas F1RPtch1neo67/+ mice were completely resistant, indicating that tumor penetrance can be modulated by genetic background. Development of microscopic and macroscopic BCC lesions was influenced by Car-S and Car-R genotypes, suggesting a genetic-background effect on both initiation and progression of BCC. Susceptibility was additionally increased in N2 backcross mice (Car-S x F1SPtch1neo67/+), showing a contribution from recessive-acting Car-S modifiers. The modifying effects of Car-S-derived susceptibility alleles were tissue specific. In fact, despite higher susceptibility to BCC induction, Car-S-derived lines had lower MB incidence compared with CD1Ptch1neo67/+ mice. BCC-associated somatic events were not influenced by genetic background, as shown by similar rate of wild-type Ptch1 loss in BCCs from F1SPtch1neo67/+ (93%) and CD1Ptch1neo67/+ mice (100%). Finally, microsatellite analysis of BCCs showed Ptch1 loss through interstitial deletion. These results are relevant to humans, in which BCC is the commonest malignancy, because this model system may be used to study genes modifying BCC development.
Correction: Nafcillin Dosage
Authors: WILLIAM J. SANDERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1978Correction: Nafcillin DosageWILLIAM J. SANDERS, M.D.WILLIAM J. SANDERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-271_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to call your attention to a possible error in "Nafcillin Concentration in Cerebrospinal Fluid During Treatment of Staphylococcal Infections" by Kane and colleagues in the September 1977 issue (Ann Intern Med87:309-311, 1977). Table 2 cities doses of nafcillin as mg/kg body weight · day and g/day. I believe the correct unit for the second category is g/dosage interval, otherwise the calculated weights are much too small. Please verify this and let us have a correction if one is needed.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1978Volume 88, Issue 2Page: 271-271KeywordsAttentionBody weightCerebrospinal fluidStaphylococcal infection ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Aspergillus prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Authors: I S Petheram, R M Seal
Journal: Thorax (1976)

The clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features of seven cases of Aspergillus fumigatus prosthetic valve endocarditis are presented. The exact nature of the lesion, a combination of infective fungal endocarditis and thrombosis on the prosthetic valve, is discussed and the difficulties in clinical diagnosis are emphasized. Helpful indications were sudden unexplained heart failure with the appearance of new murmurs, and emboli to large or medium-sized systemic arteries. Fever and anaemia were inconstant, and in no case was blood culture or precipitin investigation helpful. Spore contamination of operating theatre air was the likely source of infection, and measures taken to overcome this and other predisposing factors are discussed. Since medical diagnosis is usually late and the few reported cures in this condition have included replacement of the prosthesis, early surgical intervention combined with antifungal chemotherapy is advised.
Immunonutrition: Author's reply
Authors: P. C Calder
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Currently, therapeutic options for ambulatory COVID-19 patients are limited. <h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To evaluate the safety, efficacy and effect of the intramuscular administration of polymerized type I collagen (PTIC) on hyperinflammation, oxygen saturation and symptom improvement in adult outpatients with symptomatic COVID-19. <h3>DESIGN</h3> Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial of PTIC vs placebo. <h3>SETTING</h3> Single Third-level hospital in Mexico City (Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán) <h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3> Eighty-nine adult participants with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and symptom onset within the 7 days preceding recruitment were included from August 31, 2020 to November 7, 2020 and followed for 12 weeks. Final date of follow-up was February 4, 2021. <h3>INTERVENTIONS</h3> Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1.5 ml of PTIC intramuscularly every 12 h for 3 days and then every 24 h for 4 days (n=45), or matching placebo (n=44). <h3>MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES</h3> The primary outcome was a mean reduction of at least 50% in the level of IP-10 compared to baseline. The secondary outcomes were mean oxygen saturation ≥92% while breathing ambient air and duration of symptoms. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Of 89 patients who were randomised, 87 (97.8%) were included in an intention-to-treat analysis; 37 (41.6%) were male and mean age was 48.5±14.0 years. The IP-10 levels decreased 75% in the PTIC group and 40% in the placebo group vs baseline. The comparison between treatment vs placebo was also statistically significant (<i>P=</i>0.0047). The IL-8 (44%, <i>P=</i>0.045), M-CSF (25%, <i>P=</i>0.041) and IL-1Ra (36%, <i>P=</i>0.05) levels were also decreased in the PTIC group vs baseline. Mean oxygen saturation ≥92% was achieved by 40/44 (90%), 41/42 (98%) and 40/40 (100%) of participants that received PTIC at 8, 15 and 97 days of follow-up vs 29/43 (67%), 31/39 (80%) and 33/37 (89%) of patients treated with placebo (<i>P</i>=0.001). The unadjusted accelerated failure time model showed that patients treated with PTIC achieved the primary outcome 2.70-fold faster (<i>P</i>&lt;0.0001) than placebo. In terms of risk, the group of patients treated with PTIC had a 63% lower risk of having a mean oxygen saturation &lt;92% vs placebo (<i>P</i>&lt;0.0001). Symptom duration in patients treated with PTIC was reduced by 6.1±3.2 days vs placebo. No differences in adverse effects were observed between the groups at 8, 15 and 97 days of follow-up. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> In this study, treatment with PTIC down-regulated IP-10, IL-8, M-CSF and IL-Ra levels, which could explain the PTIC effect on the higher proportion of patients with mean oxygen saturation readings ≥92% and a shorter duration of symptoms as compared to patients treated with placebo. Although results are encouraging, larger randomised trials are needed. <h3>TRIAL REGISTRATION</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04517162
Outcomes from Khartoum heart hospital match the best Western centres
Authors: Fabio Turone
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Patients who have confounded doctors with signs and symptoms that elude diagnosis are to be offered the expertise of hundreds of doctors in a unique programme from the US National Institutes of Health."Physicians deal with about 6600 conditions and 6000 of them are quite rare.Even common diseases have many subtypes," the institutes' director Elias A Zerhouni said during a telephone news conference with reporters earlier this week.He said it was not surprising that many can go undiagnosed for years.The programme aims to combine the revolution in tools and information at the molecular level with the expertise of the 1600 doctors at the NIH Clinical Center "to assist patients around the country and their doctors."It will add to the knowledge base by creating a phenotype atlas of disease."We are doing this now because of the advances that have been made over the last five years at the fundamental level.We have many more biologic markers, the significance of which is not always understood." Dr Zerhouni said that for the first time his organisation was going to apply these sophisticated laboratory tests to human diseases on a large scale.Under the current system of research at the NIH Clinical Center, patients with challenging conditions "are triaged to a specific institute or protocol programme, and are assessed by one team," said John I Gallin, director of the centre.Participants in the new programme "will be assessed by a large spectrum of teams."Candidate patients must be referred by a healthcare provider and will have to submit exhaustive medical records that will be reviewed by a multidisciplinary team of 25 senior doctors.Those who are accepted into the programme will travel to the centre for an evaluation, which is likely to take at least a week.Details are available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/
Incidental Skeletal Metastases from Prostate Cancer Detected by Sulfur Colloid Liver-Spleen Imaging
Authors: TIMOTHY M. KOCI, RICHARD RENSLO, CAROL S. MARCUS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 53-year-old man with alcoholic liver disease was referred for a Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen imaging. Incidental discovery of photopenic defects in the bone marrow prompted further evaluation with bone imaging and lead to the diagnosis of metastatic prostate carcinoma. In liver-spleen imaging, shift of radiocolloid uptake to the skeletal (bone marrow) reticuloendothelial system commonly occurs in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and may occur in other extensive liver disease. This colloid shift can facilitate the detection of skeletal lesions that replace viable bone marrow.
Efficient Elimination of Inhaled Nanoparticles from the Alveolar Region: Evidence for Interstitial Uptake and Subsequent Reentrainment onto Airways Epithelium
Authors: Manuela Semmler-Behnke, Shinji Takenaka, Steffanie Fertsch, Alexander Wenk, Jürgen Seitz, Paula Mayer, Günter Oberdörster, Wolfgang G. Kreyling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

There is ongoing discussion that inhaled nanoparticles (NPs, < 100 nm) may translocate from epithelial deposition sites of the lungs to systemic circulation.We studied the disappearance of NPs from the epithelium by sequential lung retention and clearance and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) measurements in healthy adult Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats at various times over 6 months after administration of a single 60- to 100-min intratracheal inhalation of iridium-192 ((192)Ir)-radiolabeled NPs. A complete (192)Ir balance of all organs, tissues, excretion, remaining carcass, and BAL was performed at each time point.Directly after inhalation we found free NPs in the BAL; later, NPs were predominantly associated with alveolar macropages (AMs). After 3 weeks, lavageable NP fractions decreased to 0.06 of the actual NP lung burden. This is in stark contrast to the AM-associated fraction of micron-sized particles reported in the literature. These particles remained constant at about 0.8 throughout a 6-month period. Three weeks after inhalation, 80% of the retained Ir NPs was translocated into epithelium and interstitium.There is a strong size-selective difference in particle immobilization. Furthermore, AM-mediated NP transport to the larynx originates not only from the NP fraction retained on the epithelium but also from NPs being reentrained from the interstitium to the luminal side of epithelium. We conclude that NPs are much less phagocytized by AMs than large particles but are effectively removed from the lung surface into the interstitium. Even from these interstitial sites, they undergo AM-mediated long-term NP clearance to the larynx.
Reflections on what timescale?
Authors: John Pickering
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Recent developments in both evolutionary theory and in our ideas about development suggest that genetic assimilation of environmental regularities may occur on shorter timescales than those considered by Shepard. The nervous system is more plastic and for longer periods than previously thought. Hence, the internal basis of cognitive-perceptual skills is likely to blend ontogenetic and phylogenetic learning. This blend is made more rich and interactive by the special cultural scaffolding that surrounds human development. This being so, the regularities of the environment which have been genetically assimilated during the emergence of modern human beings may themselves be the products of human action. [Shepard]
Capsule endoscopy had low sensitivity for detecting colonic lesions and high specificity for large lesions
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club17 November 2009Capsule endoscopy had low sensitivity for detecting colonic lesions and high specificity for large lesionsRobert H. Fletcher, MDRobert H. Fletcher, MDHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (R.H.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-10-200911170-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationVan Gossum A, Navas MM, Fernandez-Urien I, et al. Capsule endoscopy versus colonoscopy for the detection of polyps and cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:264−70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19605831Clinical Impact RatingsGastroenterology: Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert H. Fletcher, MDAffiliations: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (R.H.F.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 November 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 November 2009Volume 151, Issue 10Page: JC5-11KeywordsAdenomasAdverse eventsBiopsyCancer detection and diagnosisColonColonoscopyColorectal cancerEndoscopyLesionsSpecificity ePublished: 17 November 2009 Issue Published: 17 November 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hepatitis C Drugs for Veterans
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intravenous Prochlorperazine for Acute Headache
Authors: Seymour Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  Use of intravenous prochlorperazine edisylate for the treatment of headache, as recommended by Jones et al, 1 must be reviewed with caution because this therapy does not offer a simple panacea for emergency department treatment of headache.  In the article, the diagnostic criteria used in establishing the diagnosis are not specified clearly. The occurrence of associated gastrointestinal tract and neurological symptoms are necessary for establishing the diagnosis of migraine. 2 Only 12 of 82 patients who participated experienced these symptoms, although 41 were diagnosed with migraine headache. An additional 23 patients were diagnosed with both migraine and tension headaches. These data are questionable in light of the authors' description of the chaotic nature of emergency practice. It should be noted that the classification vascular  2 encompasses headaches caused by both infection and hypertension, which are found in 39.3% and 4.8%, respectively, of patients in the