tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise Reduces Resistin and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nikolaos P. Kadoglou, Despina Perrea, Fotios Iliadis, Nikoleta Angelopoulou, Christos Liapis, Miltiadis Alevizos
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Type 2 diabetes is associated with an excessive risk of cardiovascular events (1). On the other hand, physical activity reduces cardiovascular morbidity in diabetic patients (2). Resistin and numerous inflammatory markers (e.g., high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-18) have emerged as novel predictors of cardiovascular diseases (3–5). We hypothesized that exercise could afford pleiotropic cardioprotective actions by modifying these factors in type 2 diabetic patients.

The study included 60 overweight/obese patients (BMI >25 kg/m2) with type 2 diabetes who consented to participate. All patients were on a stable antidiabetes regimen (sulfonylureas and/or metfromin) but with inadequate glycemic control (A1C >6.5%). Smokers and patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, insulin, or thiazolidinediones were rejected. Those with diabetic vascular complications, life-threatening diseases, orthopedic problems, or liver and renal impairment were also excluded. Participants retained their eating patterns, and they were randomly assigned to either the exercise group ( n = 30) or control group ( n = 30).

### Exercise training

All subjects were inactive, and none reported engaging in systemic (more than one time per week) sport activities before the study. Patients in the exercise group underwent a 16-week aerobic exercise training program consisting of four 45–60 min sessions per week (50–85% maximum oxygen consumption [ V o2max]). Exercise modality was based on the recent recommendations of the American Diabetes Association (6). The workload was individualized according to the initial physical fitness assessment and gradually increased with continuous electocardiographic measurement. Aerobic exercise consisted mainly of walking or running on a treadmill, cycling, and calisthenics involving upper and lower limbs. Moreover, subjects in the exercise group were encouraged to increase daily physical activities (brisk walking, …
Zoster Immune Globulin
Authors: Anne A. Gershon, Sharon Steinberg, Philip A. Brunell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The prophylactic efficacy of zoster immune globulin was evaluated in 21 immunocompromised children (under therapy for leukemia or other malignant processes) who had household exposures to varicella. In six of the children who had serum antibody to antigen on the membrane of cells infected with Varicella Zoster virus, evidence of varicella did not develop. The remaining 15 children who did not have detectable Varicella Zoster antibody became infected. Varicella was severe in one, mild in nine and subclinical in five children. All 15 children, had persistence of Varicella Zoster antibody for months to years after infection. Administration of zoster immune globulin appeared to be an effective method to modify varicella in immunocompromised patients. (N Engl J Med 290:243–245, 1974)
Symptom dynamics during repeated serial allergen challenge chamber exposures to house dust mite
Authors: Robert L. Jacobs, Charles P. Andrews, Daniel A. Ramirez, Cynthia G. Rather, Nathan Harper, Fabio Jimenez, Hernan Martinez, Muthu Manoharan, Andrew Carrillo, Margit Gerardi, Robert E. Esch, Weijing He, Sunil K. Ahuja
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Low Tidal Volumes for All?
Authors: Niall D. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (2012)

lunginjurydevelopment(RR,0.33;95%CI,0.23-0.47),pulmonary infection (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.92), and mortality (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46-0.89). Although these data seem compelling, several factors must be considered in their interpretation. A total of 15 randomized controlled trials were combined with 5 observational studies, but the observational studies (in which inferences of causality may be problematic) account for approximately 85% of both the total number of patients and events in the primary analysis of lung injury prevention. Furthermore, the randomized trials had limitations related to quality, with some trials lacking allocation concealment and many not following an intention-to-treat analysis. In addition, many trials focused on short-term intraoperative ventilation under anesthesia, and these may not be generalizable to other clinical situations. As the authors acknowledge, their findings are not definitive but rather are hypothesis generating and support the need to conduct large randomized trials. Why should intensive care physicians not simply move immediately to implement low tidal volume ventilation for all patients receiving mechanical ventilation? The medical literature has many examples in which physiological rationale, meta-analyses of small or low-quality studies, or both
Effects of a thiazolidinedione compound on body fat and fat distribution of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Authors: I E Kelly, T S Han, K Walsh, M E Lean
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To examine the effects of a thiazolidinedione (600 mg troglitazone) insulin-sensitizing treatment on total body fat measured by underwater weighing, on intra- and extra-abdominal fat mass using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and on anthropometric measures.Type 2 diabetic outpatients were studied in a double-blind randomized trial carried out at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Scotland.Groups who received troglitazone (8 men, 3 women) and placebo (8 men, 2 women) were well matched for age, BMI, total body fat percentage by underwater weighing, and intra-abdominal fat (kilograms) by MRI. After 12 weeks, body weight changes in the troglitazone group (mean +0.66 kg [95% CI -0.71 to 2.04], P = 0.31) and the placebo group (mean +0.25 kg [-0.64 to 1.13], P = 0.55) were not statistically different. Changes in total body fat with troglitazone (mean +1.02% body wt [-1.13 to 3.17], P = 0.32) and placebo (mean -0.54% body wt [-1.68 to 0.59], P = 0.31) were not significantly different. There was, however, a decrease in intra-abdominal fat mass in the troglitazone-treated group (mean -0.47 kg [-0.79 to -0.13], P = 0.01), and this was significantly different (P = 0.03) from placebo treatment (mean -0.41 kg [-0.77 to -0.05]).Treatment with the thiazolidinedione troglitazone in human patients with type 2 diabetes decreases intra-abdominal fat mass but does not affect total body fat or weight. This potentially valuable effect points to a differential action on insulin sensitivity in different adipose tissue depots.
Serum Polyfluoroalkyl Concentrations, Asthma Outcomes, and Immunological Markers in a Case–Control Study of Taiwanese Children
Authors: Guang-Hui Dong, Kuan-Yen Tung, Ching-Hui Tsai, Miao-Miao Liu, Da Wang, Wei Liu, Yi-He Jin, Wu-Shiun Hsieh, Yungling Leo Lee, Pau-Chung Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Perﬂuorinated compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitous pollutants. Experimental data suggest that they may be associated with adverse health outcomes, including asthma. However, there is little supporting epidemiological evidence.A total of 231 asthmatic children and 225 nonasthmatic controls, all from northern Taiwan, were recruited in the Genetic and Biomarkers study for Childhood Asthma. Structure questionnaires were administered by face-to-face interview. Serum concentrations of 11 PFCs and levels of immunological markers were also measured. Associations of PFC quartiles with concentrations of immunological markers and asthma outcomes were estimated using multivariable regression models.Nine PFCs were detectable in most children (≥ 84.4%), of which perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the most abundant (median serum concentrations of 33.9 ng/mL in asthmatics and 28.9 ng/mL in controls). Adjusted odds ratios for asthma among those with the highest versus lowest quartile of PFC exposure ranged from 1.81 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.23) for the perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) to 4.05 (95% CI: 2.21, 7.42) for perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA). PFOS, PFOA, and subsets of the other PFCs were positively associated with serum IgE concentrations, absolute eosinophil counts (AEC), eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) concentrations, and asthma severity scores among asthmatics.This study suggests an association between PFC exposure and juvenile asthma. Because of widespread exposure to these chemicals, these findings may be of potential public health concern.
In vitro assay of immunity to human wart antigen
Authors: WARWICK L. MORISON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

The cell-mediated and antibody responses to human wart antigen have been studied in patients with warts and in controls. Most patients show a positive cell-mediated response at or about the time of resolution of their warts but the detectable immunity is short-lived. The majority of patients with warts have antibodies and the percentage rises both with resolution of the warts and with increase in the duration of the infection. No correlation between the presence of antibodies and the development of cell-mediated immunity was found.
How Is Infliximab Harmful?
Authors: Daniel G. Arkfeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters15 January 2008How Is Infliximab Harmful?Daniel G. Arkfeld, MDDaniel G. Arkfeld, MDFrom University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-2-200801150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In reading Hoffman and colleagues' (1) article on infliximab for glucocorticoid-induced remission of giant cell arteritis (GCA), I was surprised to see the conclusion statement of “ … [infliximab] is of no benefit and may be harmful.” I could find no evidence of harm or injury in the study patients and thought it was unfortunate that the sponsor ended the study prematurely. Of additional intrigue is the use of the same conclusion in the following article on infliximab plus prednisone or placebo for polymyalgia rheumatica, by Salvarani and colleagues (2), which similarly concluded that “ … [infliximab] ...References1. Hoffman GS, Cid MC, Rendt-Zagar KE, Merkel PA, Weyand CM, Stone JH, et al; Infliximab-GCA Study Group. Infliximab for maintenance of glucocorticosteroid-induced remission of giant cell arteritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:621-30. [PMID: 17470830] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Manzini C, Paolazzi G, Trotta A, Manganelli P, et al. Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:631-9. [PMID: 17470831] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInfliximab for Maintenance of Glucocorticosteroid-Induced Remission of Giant Cell Arteritis Gary S. Hoffman , Maria C. Cid , Karen E. Rendt-Zagar , Peter A. Merkel , Cornelia M. Weyand , John H. Stone , Carlo Salvarani , Weichun Xu , Sudha Visvanathan , Mahboob U. Rahman , and Infliximab plus Prednisone or Placebo plus Prednisone for the Initial Treatment of Polymyalgia Rheumatica Carlo Salvarani , PierLuigi Macchioni , Carlo Manzini , Giuseppe Paolazzi , Aldo Trotta , Paolo Manganelli , Marco Cimmino , Roberto Gerli , Maria Grazia Catanoso , Luigi Boiardi , Fabrizio Cantini , Catherine Klersy , and Gene G. Hunder Metrics 15 January 2008Volume 148, Issue 2Page: 166KeywordsConflicts of interestGiant cellsMethotrexatePolymyalgia rheumatica ePublished: 15 January 2008 Issue Published: 15 January 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Basophil activation during pollen season in patients monosensitized to grass pollens
Authors: M. Saporta, S. Kamei, L. Persi, J. Bousquet, B. Arnoux
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Basotest® is a new basophil‐activation test based upon the expression of CD63 (gp53) in the presence of allergens. It is an effective diagnostic test for pollen‐allergic patients. However, it is not known whether Basotest results differ during the pollen season. Methods: We examined the activation of basophils by Basotest in 13 patients sensitized only to grass pollen, before and during the pollen season, in order to assess whether Basotest could be used as a diagnostic test during the pollen season. Dose‐response curves with 10‐fold increasing concentrations of timothy grass pollen (10 −4 to 100 AU) were carried out. Results: Basophils were not activated spontaneously during the pollen season since the CD63 expression was below detectable levels before in vitro cell activation. A decreased percentage of activated basophils at the peak of activation was found in comparing the pre‐ and in‐season tests, but all patients had a positive test. When basophil activation was at its peak, the allergen concentration was similar during the two periods. Moreover, the median area under the curve was significantly ( P &lt;0.02) reduced during the season as compared to before the season. Conclusions: Basotest can therefore be used as a diagnostic test during the pollen season, but the allergen exposure needs to be characterized if quantitative studies are performed.
Bacterial Meningitis — A Review of Selected Aspects
Authors: Philip R. Dodge, Morton N. Swartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Neurologic AspectsA variety of neurologic findings may be evident during the acute phase of bacterial meningitis, may occur after a few days as complications of the meningitic process or may be late sequelae of the infection. Certain neurologic aspects, such as the problem of increased intracranial pressure, have received, perhaps, less attention than they merit in view of their possible role in the early deaths of some patients. Other problems, such as subdural effusion, may have been overemphasized and overtreated in recent years. This portion of the review focuses in particular on such areas.Altered ConsciousnessThe occurrence of . . .
Prevention of ventricular tachycardia induction during right ventricular programmed stimulation by high current strength pacing at the site of origin.
Authors: F E Marchlinski, A E Buxton, J M Miller, M E Josephson
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To determine whether high current strength pacing at the site of origin of ventricular tachycardia (VT) could prevent induction of VT, we studied 11 VTs in 10 patients with chronic coronary artery disease. The left ventricular site of origin of all VT was determined by endocardial catheter mapping. Reproducible VT induction from the right ventricular apex or outflow tract was demonstrated with a pacing current strength equal to twice diastolic threshold (less than or equal to 2.0 mA) with single (two VTs), double (eight VTs), or triple (one VT) extrastimuli following 8 beats of a drive cycle length of 400 to 600 msec. After determination of the baseline VT induction zone (range 10 to 80 msec), repeat induction was attempted while simultaneous pacing was performed during the 8 beat drive train from the left ventricular site of origin with the use of a high current strength (10 mA [two VTs] or 20 mA [nine VTs]) and from the baseline right ventricular site with a current strength equal to twice diastolic threshold. Extrastimuli were introduced only from the right ventricular site over the same range of coupling intervals that resulted in VT initiation during the baseline state. In five of the 11 trials, no VT could be initiated; in one trial, the VT induction zone was decreased from 80 to 10 msec; in three trials, only VT of a different morphology and a distinct (greater than 4 cm distant) site of origin was initiated; and in two trials, VT of the same morphology was initiated. In four of the five trials in which all VT was prevented by simultaneous pacing with a high current strength at the site of origin, simultaneous pacing at a lower current strength (twice diastolic threshold) at the site of origin (three VTs) or with equally increased current strength (10 to 20 mA) at nonsites of origin (two VTs) did not prevent initiation. We conclude that: high current strength pacing at the site of origin during the drive train can inhibit VT induction with extrastimuli and, successful prevention of VT may depend on the pacing site being the site of origin and the current strength used during pacing.
Energy Substrate Modulates Mitochondrial Structure and Oxidative Capacity in Cancer Cells
Authors: Rodrigue Rossignol, Robert Gilkerson, Robert Aggeler, Kunihiro Yamagata, S. James Remington, Roderick A. Capaldi
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Comparative analysis of cytoplasmic organelles in a variety of tumors relative to normal tissues generally reveals a strong diminution in mitochondrial content and in oxidative phosphorylation capacity. However, little is known about what triggers these modifications and whether or not they are physiologically reversible. We hypothesized that energy substrate availability could play an important role in this phenomenon. The physiological effects of a change in substrate availability were examined on a human cancer cell line (HeLa), focusing specifically on its ability to use glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation, and the effect that energy substrate type has on mitochondrial composition, structure, and function. Changes in oxidative phosphorylation were measured in vivo by a variety of techniques, including the use of two novel ratiometric green fluorescent protein biosensors, the expression level of oxidative phosphorylation and some glycolytic enzymes were determined by Western blot, mitochondrial DNA content was measured by real-time PCR, and mitochondrial morphology was monitored by both confocal and electron microscopy. Our data show that the defective mitochondrial system described in cancer cells can be dramatically improved by solely changing substrate availability and that HeLa cells can adapt their mitochondrial network structurally and functionally to derive energy by glutaminolysis only. This could also provide an explanation for the enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation capacity observed after tumor regression or removal. Our work demonstrates that the pleomorphic, highly dynamic structure of the mitochondrion can be remodeled to accommodate a change in oxidative phosphorylation activity. We compared our finding on HeLa cells with those for nontransformed fibroblasts to help distinguish the regulatory pathways.
Where Will Managed Care Fit in Medical Education?
Authors: Leonard A. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The Editorial by Drs Blumenthal and Thier1addressed the important issue of managed care and medical education. While they speak of the  health care paradigm, I'm afraid they have addressed this new paradigm with the old paradigm. Their comments are based on maintaining the academic medical center essentially the way it was. While they acknowledge the need for ambulatory education, they have not suggested the real step that is needed: moving academe into the ambulatory arena. Not only are educational placements for learners needed in the ambulatory setting, the ambulatory setting itself needs to evolve and become part of the fabric of academic medicine. Ambulatory settings need to be places not only of education, but of research and of patient care excellence that can be transmitted to future physicians. In the same way that hospitals became the academic setting more than 100 years ago, it
The Biologic Effects of Low-Level Radiation-Reply
Authors: Merle K. Loken
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The statements made by Mr Festag should not go unchallenged. He claims to be a researcher and has made statements that require reasonable expertise in radiation biology and nuclear energy. However, neither the<i>Science Citation Index</i>nor<i>Index Medicus</i>from 1980 to the present cites any of his research efforts in these fields. Mr Festag cites reports by Gofman, Stewart et al, Bross, Mancuso, and others. From these sources, he concludes that I have erred in my analysis of the effects of low-level radiation exposure. He further states that I "insult science by pretending certain studies do not exist." If he had taken time to look at the references provided in my article, he would have found that not only did I take issue with various publications of the individuals mentioned above, but many respected scientists have done so as well. Two of the references included herein deserve
DDB treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis
Authors: Roman Huber, Birgit Hockenjos, Hubert E. Blum
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

We report 13 patients (10 with chronic hepatitis C, 1 with chronic hepatitis B, 2 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) with persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels who were treated with dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6-dimethylenedioxybiphenyl-2,2' dicarboxylate (DDB). ALT rapidly normalized in 12/13 patients and remained normal during treatment. Unlike ALT levels, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and glutamate dehydrogenase levels were not affected. Furthermore, there was no beneficial effect on the histological grade and stage of liver disease. In vitro experiments with hepatocytes resulted in a significant decrease of hepatocellular ALT levels in the DDB treated cells, suggesting, that DDB affects the synthesis and/or degradation of ALT in liver cells. In conclusion, the normalization of ALT during DDB treatment does not indicate therapeutic efficacy. In view of the wide use of DDB in patients with chronic liver diseases who participate in clinical studies DDB use should be excluded.
THE ECONOMIC ASPECT OF HEART DISEASE
Authors: R. O. Moon
Journal: BMJ (1923)

Bthose suspected of rheumatism when there is no evidence that they are diseased.Further, we do not know all the avenues of infection.The wholesale removal of tonsils must mean occasional disaster toa healthy child, and the ground for such a step as this must be absolutely sure.The medical profession has to accept the factor of some infective focus in acute rheumatism, and' in course of time we' must learni how far steps should be taken along these lines for the prevention of the infection.Our experience as yet is not sufficient.SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT.I have now finished my comments upon the weak points in the present management of rheumatic heart disease in the young, and the steps that appeal to me as likely to be of service.Briefly summarizing these now, they are:1. Improvement in medical instruction.2. Education of the public, particularly parents and school teachers, by propaganda and lectures.3. Further investigations into the incidence of chorea in London.4. Auxiliary coutntry hospitals with a special depart- ment for cardiac children.5. A schedule of suitable occupations for cardiac children.6.A central bureau for purposes of organization.In the .farfuture an institution for research into and the study of rheumatism.7. Discrete treatment of local foci.
Reversibility of radiological appearances during clinical improvement in colonic Crohn's disease
Authors: J. H. Jones, J. E. Lennard-Jones, A. C. Young
Journal: Gut (1969)

Reversion of radiographic signs has been observed in 11 patients with colonic Crohn9s disease during treatment. The commonest radiographic change has been healing of ulcers which are often of a collar-stud type or appear as fissures. Radiographic improvement has been associated with clinical improvement.