tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Utility of the Antibody Response to a Conjugated<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>Type B Vaccine for Diagnosis of Primary Humoral Immunodeficiency
Authors: MARÍA-JOSÉ RODRIGO, MONTSERRAT VENDRELL, MARÍA-JESÚS CRUZ, MARC MIRAVITLLES, CARLOS PASCUAL, FERRAN MORELL, JAVIER DE GRACIA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Antibody response to an Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-conjugated vaccine was studied in 59 healthy adults (mean age: 32 yr) and 22 patients with humoral immunodeficiencies (mean age: 32 yr) to determine its usefulness in the diagnosis of defective antibody formation. Twenty of the healthy adults and nine of the patients were also immunized with a pneumococcal vaccine. Serum specific antibodies were measured by ELISA. Adequate response to both vaccines was defined using the lower limit of the two-tailed 90% probability interval of postimmunization specific IgG of the healthy adults. By using this cutoff, responders were considered to be those with an absolute increase in anti-Hib IgG titers higher than 2.28 microgram/ml, and in anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG higher than 395 arbitrary units/ml. With these criteria, 85% (50 of 59) of the healthy adults responded with anti-Hib IgG and 75% (15 of 20) with anti-pneumococcal IgG. All healthy adults receiving both vaccines responded to at least one. None of the patients with humoral immunodeficiencies responded to either vaccine. Evaluation of the antibody response to both the Hib and pneumococcal vaccines may facilitate the diagnosis of humoral immunodeficiency and selection of patients to receive immunoglobulin therapy.
Comparative trial of sulphasalazine and oral sodium cromoglycate in the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: M W Dronfield, M J Langman
Journal: Gut (1978)

Patients with ulcerative colitis in remission were randomly allocated to treatment with sulphasalazine (2 g/day) or oral sodium cromoglycate (160 mg/day or 2 g/day), and the relapse rates in these treatment groups were compared during continued treatment for one year. The percentage cumulative relapse rate after 12 months9 treatment was 30% in the 33 patients treated with sulphasalazine compared with 71% in the 25 treated with high dose sodium cromoglycate, a highly significant difference (P less than 0.01). Patients allocated low dose sodium cromoglycate were only treated for a maximum of six months, and the relapse rate in these 12 patients was similar to that in patients on the high dose. These results suggest that oral sodium cromoglycate is considerably less effective than sulphasalazine in maintaining remission, and by analogy with results in other trials may be no more effective than placebo tablets.
The Syndrome of Familial Defects of Heart and Upper Extremities (Holt-Oram Syndrome)
Authors: R. A. MASSUMI, D. O. NUTTER
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Two families with familial defects of the heart and upper extremities and two sporadic cases of skeletal anomalies of the same type are reported. In the most complete and prototypal form the syndrome consists of a secundum atrial septal defect of moderate size and the so-called radial defect of the upper extremities. However, less complete forms exhibiting cardiac anomalies alone, skeletal defects alone, or a combination of certain features of both, have been observed. Formes frustes undoubtedly occur. The mode of inheritance seems to be autosomal dominant and of a high degree of penetrance. Chromosome studies have suggested an abnormality in the pair 16. Study of palm and sole prints have shown the abnormalities to be secondary to musculoskeletal defects and not likely to be genetically determined. The syndrome is probably much more common than is realized. Identification of cases leading to the affected families depends upon awareness of pediatricians and orthopedists of its existence and inclusion of a careful examination of the upper extremities in all instances of atrial septal defect.
Primary prevention of cryptococcal meningitis by fluconazole in HIV-infected patients
Authors: V.J. Quagliarello, C. Viscoli, R.I. Horwitz
Journal: The Lancet (1995)

Primary prevention of cryptococcal meningitis by fluconazole in HIV-infected patients Summary To evaluate whether oral fluconazole reduces the risk of a first episode of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients, we conducted a case-control study of patients cared for in a university teaching hospital and two urban HIV-outpatient clinics.Cases consisted of HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts less than 250/&micro;L who developed a first episode of cryptococcal meningitis between July 1, 1990, and June 30, 1993.For each case (n=18), 4 control subjects were chosen from HIV-infected patients (CD4 count < 250/&micro;L) whose cerebrospinal fluid was negative for cryptococcal antigen and culture, and who were matched by age, sex, and time of lumbar puncture.There were no significant differences between cases and controls in age, sex, insurance status, mean CD4 count, history of oral candidosis, presence of a previous AIDS-defining illness, the number of visits to the HIV-outpatient clinic, or use of antiretroviral therapy.In the 6 months before lumbar puncture, 2 of 18 cases (11%) and 26 of 72 controls (36%) were exposed to fluconazole, a finding that gives a matched odds ratio (adjusted for race, route of HIV infection, and CD4 count) of 0&middot;08 (95% Cl 0&middot;01-0&middot;84; p=0&middot;035) and indicates a 92% protective efficacy.We conclude that fluconazole reduces the risk of a first episode of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients with a CD4 count less than 250/uL.Although the optimum dose and duration of fluconazole could not be determined, our results suggest that less than daily use was effective in the prevention of cryptococcal meningitis.
Transtracheal Aspiration and Anaerobic Abscess
Authors: BERNARD LOURIE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 March 1974Transtracheal Aspiration and Anaerobic AbscessBERNARD LOURIE, M.D., BERT MCKINNON, M.D., LARRY KIBLER, M.D.BERNARD LOURIE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, BERT MCKINNON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LARRY KIBLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-3-417_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We wish to report the occurrence of an anaerobic abscess of the neck as a complication of transtracheal aspiration; the use of transtracheal aspiration for the diagnosis of anaerobic pulmonary infections has been recently reemphasized (1).A 44-year-old alcoholic man, was admitted to the Charleston Veterans Administration Hospital with a 1-week history of worsening dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and cough productive of copius, foul-smelling sputum. Chest X ray showed bilateral lower lobe infiltrates and a 2 X 5 cm abscess in the left upper lobe. Routine sputum cultures were collected. With a 14-gauge intracatheter through the cricothyroid...References1. BARTLETTROSENBLATTFINEGOLD JJS: Percutaneous transtracheal aspiration in the diagnosis of anaerobic pulmonary infection. Ann Intern Med 79:535-540, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. PECORAKOHL DM: Transtracheal aspiration in the diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection. Am Rev Resp Dis 86:755-758, 1962 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. GREENSTRAIT DG: A complication of transtracheal anesthesia: nocardia cellulitis. Ann Thorac Surg 8:561-563, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. UNGERMOSER KK: Fatal complication of transtracheal aspiration. Arch Intern Med 132:437-439, 1973 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina 29401 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTecnicas invasivas en el diagnostico de las neumoniasDiagnosis of Pulmonary Infections in Immunocompromised PatientsActinomycotic Cervical AbscessGram-Negative Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients 1 March 1974Volume 80, Issue 3Page: 417-418KeywordsAbscessesAlcoholicsDyspneaIschemiaPulmonary diseasesSputumThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Aldosterone Inhibition in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Lars H. Lund, Marcus Ståhlberg
Journal: JAMA (2013)

To the Editor The Aldo-DHF trial1 (similar to other trials in HF with preserved EF2,3) failed to demonstrate a benefit from neurohormonal antagonism. We are concerned about the inclusion criteria and power of the study.
Distribution of<i>MC1R</i>variants among melanoma subtypes: p.R163Q is associated with lentigo maligna melanoma in a Mediterranean population
Authors: J.A. Puig-Butillé, C. Carrera, R. Kumar, Z. Garcia-Casado, C. Badenas, P. Aguilera, J. Malvehy, E. Nagore, S. Puig
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Cutaneous melanoma tumour is classified into clinicohistopathological subtypes that may be associated with different genetic and host factors. Variation in the MC1R gene is one of the main factors of risk variation in sporadic melanoma. The relationship between MC1R variants and the risk of developing a specific subtype of melanoma has not been previously explored.To analyse whether certain MC1R variants are associated with particular melanoma subtypes with specific clinicohistopathological features.An association study was performed between MC1R gene variants and clinicopathological subtypes of primary melanoma derived from 1679 patients.We detected 53 MC1R variants (11 synonymous and 42 nonsynonymous). Recurrent nonsynonymous variants were p.V60L (30·0%), p.V92M (11·7%), p.D294H (9·4%), p.R151C (8·8%), p.R160W (6·2%), p.R163Q (4·2%) p.R142H (3·3%), p.I155T (3·8%), p.V122M (1·5%) and p.D84E (1·0%). Melanoma subtypes showed differences in the total number of MC1R variants (P = 0·028) and the number of red hair colour variants (P = 0·035). Furthermore, an association between p.R163Q and lentigo maligna melanoma was detected under a dominant model of heritance (odds ratio 2·16, 95% confidence interval 1·07-4·37; P = 0·044). No association was found between p.R163Q and Fitzpatrick skin phototype, eye colour or skin colour, indicating that the association was independent of the role of MC1R in pigmentation. No association was observed between MC1R polymorphisms and other melanoma subtypes.Our findings suggest that certain MC1R variants could increase melanoma risk due to their impact on pathways other than pigmentation, and may therefore be linked to specific melanoma subtypes.
Contribution of Horizontally Acquired Genomic Islands to the Evolution of the Tubercle Bacilli
Authors: J. Becq, M. C. Gutierrez, V. Rosas-Magallanes, J. Rauzier, B. Gicquel, O. Neyrolles, P. Deschavanne
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

The contribution of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to the evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis — the main causal agent of tuberculosis in humans — and closely related members of the M. tuberculosis complex remains poorly understood. Using a combination of genome-wide parametric analyses, we have identified 48 M. tuberculosis chromosomal regions with atypical characteristics, potentially due to HGT. These specific regions account for 4.5% of the genome (199 kb) and include 256 genes. Many display features typical of the genomic islands found in other bacteria, including residual material from mobile genetic elements, flanking direct repeats, insertion in the vicinity of tRNA sequences, and genes with putative or documented virulence functions. Southern blotting analysis of nine of these 48 regions confirmed their presence in "Mycobacterium prototuberculosis," the ancestral species of the M. tuberculosis complex. Finally, our results strongly suggest that the ancestor of the tubercle bacilli was an environmental bacillus that exchanged genetic material with other bacterial species, including Proteobacteria in particular, present in its surroundings. This study describes a rational approach to searching for mycobacterial virulence genes, and highlights the importance of dissecting gene transfer networks to improve our understanding of mycobacterial pathogenicity and evolution.
Site for immunising infants.
Authors: M. K. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

asthma need to be appraised critically.For example, the number of admissions to hospital is often used as evidence of bad care of asthma in general practice.Admission to hospital may, however, often be appropriate.If we can remove the stigma attached to admissions for acute asthma generated by general practitioners junior hospital doctors may take our referrals for admission more seriously.
VISCOELASTIC RESPONSE OF THE ANKLE JOINT'S LATERAL SIDE TO CYCLIC INVERSION: A TIME COURSE ANALYSIS
Authors: K Malmir, GR Olyaie, S Talebian, AA Jamshidi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Although important, scarcely has been studied the viscoelastic behavior of ankle's lateral side. Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the change in the viscoelastic behavior of this region during cyclic inversions. Design A quazi-experimental, repeated measures design. Setting Laboratory research. Participants 18 amateur healthy males. Interventions The participants underwent 40 cyclic inversions passively by Biodex dynamometer at 5 o s −1 through 80% of the maximum inversion range of motion. Main outcome measurements Passive work (area under passive torque-angle curve) and simultaneous electrical activity of proneus longus in consecutive repetitions were calculated. The average of five consecutive repetitions was allocated in one class. Two separate one-way analyses of variances with repeated measures and Bonferroni adjustments were conducted to compare the changes in the passive work as well as normalized electromyography from the first to the eighth class. Results The means of the passive work for consecutive classes decreased significantly until the fifth class (P&lt;.01), but there were no significant differences consecutively between the means of the fifth class forward (P&gt;.05). The means of the normalized electromyography, although increased, didn't show any significant differences between consecutive repetitions (P&gt;.05). Conclusions Passive work showed decreasing trend due to probable thixotropy but stopped after about 395 seconds and leveled out.The decline of the viscoelastic response due to cyclic inversion, accompanying with low level activity of peroneus longus, may leave unprotected the tissues; expose them to injury in prolonged consecutive movements e.g. in prolonged sports competitions and exercises.
Acute Hypertension Induces Heat-Shock Protein 70 Gene Expression in Rat Aorta
Authors: Qingbo Xu, Ding-gang Li, Nikki J. Holbrook, Robert Udelsman
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Many factors cause acute systemic hypertension, which in turn can result in damage to the vessel wall and lead to vascular disease. In previous studies, we demonstrated that restraint, or immobilization stress, results in the induction of heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene expression in the aorta of adult rat and showed that this response was markedly attenuated with age.Here we provide evidence that restraint-induced hsp70 expression occurs secondary to a rise in systemic blood pressure. Old rats were unable to mount a significant stress-induced hypertensive response, providing an explanation for the reduced hsp70 response in the old rats. A variety of vasoactive agents that induce acute hypertension through distinct signal transduction pathways, including phenylephrine, dopamine, vasopressin, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1, were found to result in hsp70 mRNA induction in the aorta. The magnitude of hsp70 expression achieved with these hypertensive agents was directly correlated with their relative effects on blood pressure. Rats were treated with the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside, which prevented an acute rise in blood pressure from the hypertensive agents tested and abolished induction of hsp70 expression.These findings support the conclusion that hsp70 induction occurs as a physiological response to acute hypertension and suggest the possibility that hsp70 plays a role in the protecting the vasculature from damage during hemodynamic stress.
Brava at Fountains
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In August, during the heatwave, we went to our first open air opera. We had no idea what to expect. We had heard about Aida at Verona but this was La Boheme in Yorkshire. Would we be convinced that Mimi's tiny hand was frozen?

Fountains Abbey is a long way from a Parisian garret, but the opera's underlying theme, tuberculosis, was closer to home. In Haworth, a few miles away, Patrick Bronte had lost three of his …
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis in a patient with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: R.I_f. Van Der Waal, M.R. Van De Scheur, H.H. Pas, M_f. Jonkman, C.J. Van Groeningen, C. Nieboer, T.M. Starink
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Linear IgA bullous dermatosis in a patient with renal cell carcinoma Get access R.I_f. Van Der Waal, R.I_f. Van Der Waal Departments of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands R.I_f.van der Waal. E‐mail: rif.vdwaal@azvu.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.R. Van De Scheur, M.R. Van De Scheur Departments of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.H. Pas, H.H. Pas Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M_f. Jonkman, M_f. Jonkman Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.J. Van Groeningen, C.J. Van Groeningen Departments of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Nieboer, C. Nieboer Departments of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.M. Starink T.M. Starink Departments of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Pages 870–873, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04148.x Published: 01 April 2001
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON ACUTE FEBRILE NEUTROPHILIC DERMATOSIS
Authors: R. D. SWEET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY.— Some points of interest are discussed from studies of 4 more cases of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, including the histology of a very early lesion. The belated recognition of similar microscopical appearances in a striking, localized lesion on a lady's face led to her successful treatment. It is suggested that this lesion may have been the result of a localized immune reaction similar to that occuring over wide areas in acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis.
Partial Recovery of Peristalsis After Myotomy for Achalasia
Authors: Sabine Roman, Peter J. Kahrilas, François Mion, Thomas B. Nealis, Nathaniel J. Soper, Gilles Poncet, Frédéric Nicodème, Eric Hungness, John E. Pandolfino
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Hypothesis: Myotomy that alleviates the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction in achalasia might improve peristalsis. Design: Retrospective studySetting: Two tertiary hospitals (Chicago, USA and Lyon, France) Patients: Thirty patients (18 males; mean age 43 years, range 17-78) were included from 2004 to 2012: 8 type 1 achalasia (27%), 17 type 2 (57%) and 5 type 3 (16%) according to the Chicago Classification.Interventions: Esophageal high resolution manometry (HRM) before and after laparoscopic or endoscopic myotomy. Main outcomes measures:The integrity of peristalsis was characterized as intact, weak, frequent failed, absent, or premature contractions.Results: Whereas peristaltic fragments were evident only in patients with type 3 achalasia before treatment, intact, weak, or frequent failed peristalsis was encountered in 63% of type 1, 47% of type 2 and 80% of type 3 achalasia after myotomy.One type 3 patient had distal esophageal spasm after treatment.In patients with a post-myotomy integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) <15 mmHg, only 10 (40%) persisted in having absent peristalsis.Panesophageal pressurization disappeared after myotomy in 16 of 19 patients.In the 5 patients with post-myotomy IRP >15 mmHg, 4 had weak peristalsis and one had absent peristalsis. Conclusion:Reduction or normalization of the EGJ relaxation pressure achieved by myotomy in achalasia patients was associated with partial recovery of peristalsis in some patients suggesting that the disease process progresses from the EGJ to the esophageal body.Whether or not the return of peristalsis is predictive of an improved therapeutic outcome requires further study.
Impact of community based, specialist palliative care teams on hospitalisations and emergency department visits late in life and hospital deaths: a pooled analysis
Authors: H. Seow, K. Brazil, J. Sussman, J. Pereira, D. Marshall, P. C. Austin, A. Husain, J. Rangrej, L. Barbera
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the pooled effect of exposure to one of 11 specialist palliative care teams providing services in patients’ homes. <b>Design</b> Pooled analysis of a retrospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Ontario, Canada. <b>Participants</b> 3109 patients who received care from specialist palliative care teams in 2009-11 (exposed) matched by propensity score to 3109 patients who received usual care (unexposed). <b>Intervention</b> The palliative care teams studied served different geographies and varied in team composition and size but had the same core team members and role: a core group of palliative care physicians, nurses, and family physicians who provide integrated palliative care to patients in their homes. The teams’ role was to manage symptoms, provide education and care, coordinate services, and be available without interruption regardless of time or day. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Patients (<i>a</i>) being in hospital in the last two weeks of life; (<i>b</i>) having an emergency department visit in the last two weeks of life; or (<i>c</i>) dying in hospital. <b>Results</b> In both exposed and unexposed groups, about 80% had cancer and 78% received end of life homecare services for the same average duration. Across all palliative care teams, 970 (31.2%) of the exposed group were in hospital and 896 (28.9%) had an emergency department visit in the last two weeks of life respectively, compared with 1219 (39.3%) and 1070 (34.5%) of the unexposed group (P&lt;0.001). The pooled relative risks of being in hospital and having an emergency department visit in late life comparing exposed versus unexposed were 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.76) and 0.77 (0.69 to 0.86) respectively. Fewer exposed than unexposed patients died in hospital (503 (16.2%) <i>v</i> 887 (28.6%), P&lt;0.001), and the pooled relative risk of dying in hospital was 0.46 (0.40 to 0.52). <b>Conclusions</b> Community based specialist palliative care teams, despite variation in team composition and geographies, were effective at reducing acute care use and hospital deaths at the end of life.