tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin Attenuates Load-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice
Authors: Tetsuo Shioi, Julie R. McMullen, Oleg Tarnavski, Kimber Converso, Megan C. Sherwood, Warren J. Manning, Seigo Izumo
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Cardiac hypertrophy, or an increase in heart size, is an important risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a component of the insulin-phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, which is known to play a critical role in the determination of cell, organ, and body size.To examine the role of mTOR in load-induced cardiac hypertrophy, we administered rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, to mice with ascending aortic constriction. Activity of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), an effector of mTOR, was increased by 3.8-fold in the aortic-constricted heart. Pretreatment of mice with 2 mg. kg-1. d-1 of rapamycin completely suppressed S6K1 activation and S6 phosphorylation in response to pressure overload. The heart weight/tibial length ratio of vehicle-treated aortic-banded mice was increased by 34.4+/-3.6% compared with vehicle-treated sham-operated mice. Rapamycin suppressed the load-induced increase in heart weight by 67%. Attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy by rapamycin was associated with attenuation of the increase in myocyte cell size induced by aortic constriction. Rapamycin did not cause loss of body weight, lethality, or left ventricular dysfunction.mTOR or its target(s) seems to play an important role in load-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Because systemic administration of rapamycin has been used successfully for the treatment of transplant rejection in clinical practice, it may be a useful therapeutic modality to suppress cardiac hypertrophy in patients.
931-109 Correlation Between Magnesium Deficiency and Disease ActiVity in Patients with Variant Angina and the Effect of Oral Magnesium Supplementation
Authors: Kazuo Satake, Jong-Dae Lee, Hiromasa Shimizu, Hiroyasu Uzui, Norio Kawasaki, Akiyosi Tsubokawa, Taeko Sugiyama, Takanori Ueda, Toru Nakamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Low Health Literacy
Authors: Joy C. Burnette
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters6 December 2011Low Health LiteracyJoy C. Burnette, RN, BSNJoy C. Burnette, RN, BSNFrom Atlanta Heart Group, Decatur, GA 30033.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I agree with Berkman and colleagues (1) that many facets of the health literacy issue remain unexamined. I do believe that as our colleagues become more aware of the problem, we will see a more robust investigational approach that includes patient–provider communication, patient learning styles, teaching methods, specific readability scales for health-related information, and many other areas related to health literacy.Our anticoagulation clinic regularly measures health literacy by using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine—Short Form (REALM-SF); we then provide our patients with health literacy–appropriate communication and written literature. Although the REALM-SF does not ...Reference1. Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Crotty K. Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:97-107. [PMID: 21768583] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joy C. Burnette, RN, BSNAffiliations: From Atlanta Heart Group, Decatur, GA 30033.Disclosures:Consultancy: Alere Health Management; Grants/grants pending (money to institution): Iverson Genetic Diagnostics. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoLow Health Literacy and Health Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review Nancy D. Berkman , Stacey L. Sheridan , Katrina E. Donahue , David J. Halpern , and Karen Crotty Low Health Literacy Lindsay Rosenfeld Low Health Literacy Nancy D. Berkman Low Health Literacy Rima E. Rudd Low Health Literacy Hema Padmanabhan Metrics 6 December 2011Volume 155, Issue 11Page: 794KeywordsConflicts of interestDiagnostic techniquesGeneticsHealth information technologyLiteracyNursing education ePublished: 6 December 2011 Issue Published: 6 December 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinicopathological Features of and Risk Factors for Multiple Primary Melanomas
Authors: Cristina R. Ferrone
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The incidence of multiple primary melanomas ranges from 1.3% to 8.0% in large retrospective reviews; however, the impact of certain risk factors is not understood.To determine the incidence of multiple primary melanomas (MPM) from a prospective, single-institution, multidisciplinary database, and to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics and risk factors specific to these patients.Review of a prospectively maintained database at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, NY.A total of 4484 patients diagnosed with a first primary melanoma between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2002.Incidence of and risk factors for MPM.Three hundred eighty-five patients (8.6%) had 2 or more primary melanomas, with an average of 2.3 melanomas per MPM patient. Seventy-eight percent had 2 primary melanomas. For 74% of patients, the initial melanoma was the thickest tumor. Fifty-nine percent presented with their second primary tumor within 1 year. Twenty-one percent of MPM patients had a positive family history of melanoma compared with only 12% of patients with a single primary melanoma (SPM) (P<.001). Thirty-eight percent of MPM patients had dysplastic nevi compared with 18% of SPM patients (P<.001). The estimated cumulative 5-year risk of a second primary tumor for the entire cohort was 11.4%, with almost half of that risk occurring within the first year. For patients with a positive family history or dysplastic nevi, the estimated 5-year risk of MPM was significantly higher at 19.1% and 23.7%, respectively. The most striking increase in incidence for the MPM population was seen for development of a third primary melanoma from the time of second primary melanoma, which was 15.6% at 1 year and 30.9% at 5 years.The incidence of MPM is increased in patients with a positive family history and/or dysplastic nevi. These patients should undergo intensive dermatologic screening and should consider genetic testing.
Insulin resistance (IR) but not reduced insulin secretion (IS) is associated to non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Authors: F. Angelico, M. Del Ben, R. Conti, S. Francioso, K. Feole, S. Fiorello, M. Burattin, M. Mohanna, B. Zalunardo, F. Lirussi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
David Edward Brown
Authors: William D Turner
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Former consultant anaesthetist Leicester Hospitals (b 1925; q Middlesex Hospital 1949; FFARCS, DA, DCH), died from a stroke on 24 February 2006.

After posts in The London Hospital, London Chest Hospital, and Queen's Square David was appointed the first specialist consultant cardiothoracic anaesthetist in Leicester in 1959. He later developed an interest in pain relief and set up an obstetric epidural service at Leicester General Hospital. In 1980 he started a pain unit at Leicester Royal Infirmary. After retiring in 1990 he became chairman of the local Macmillan Cancer Relief Fund. His interests were many and varied: he walked many of the long distance footpaths in England and was an accomplished pianist, photographer, and gardener. He leaves a wife, Josephine; two sons; and five grandchildren.
ANOMALOUS RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY FROM THE LEFT SINUS OF VALSALVA: PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS STUDIED BY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND, CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS AND RESPONSE TO STENT ANGIOPLASTY
Authors: Paolo enzo Angelini, Jorge Monge Urrea, Peter Forstall, Jorge M. Ramirez, Carlo Uribe, Eduardo Hernandez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Lyme disease vaccine given guarded approval in the US
Authors: T. Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1998)

An advisory committee to the US Food and Drug Administration has given a guarded recommendation that a new vaccine against Lyme disease should be licensed.

During clinical trials the vaccine was found to be significantly effective in preventing Lyme disease when given in three doses. Although the advisory committee agreed that the data presented by the manufacturer SmithKline Beecham met the requirements to show safety and efficacy—required by the agency in order to grant a license—it also expressed some reservations.

“In my view, …
Independent treatment centres will have to provide training
Authors: Mark Gould
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Health secretary Patricia Hewitt moved to placate some concerns raised by doctors that training NHS junior doctors is being compromised by the arrival of independent treatment centres using doctors from outside the United Kingdom. But she made it clear that the pace of reform in the NHS is to increase in 2006 with patients' “demands and aspirations” the key driver of better care. And care will be provided by a wider range of organisations outside the NHS.

Speaking at an NHS Confederation lecture last week, Ms Hewitt said that patients were happy with treatment in the independent …
Pathophysiology of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: JERRY K. AIKAWA
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Radioisotopic technics were used to explore physiologic aberrations that may characterize individuals with acute rheumatic fever. No significant changes were noted in serial measurements of the blood volume or serum sodium and potassium concentrations. Most of the individuals with severe disease showed an initial value for radiosodium space of more than 330 ml./Kg. of body weight, with no evidence of edema. The exchangeable sodium content of the body correlated well with the radiosodium space. These changes are difficult to explain solely on the basis of extracellular edema, and are interpreted as suggesting that the intracellular content of sodium or that in bone is increased during acute rheumatic fever. An intracellular increase in sodium may be due to an alteration in the permeability of cell membrane induced by an immune mechanism.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate is the mediator of platelet-activating factor inhibition on transport by the mouse kidney thick ascending limb.
Authors: F Néant, M Imbert-Teboul, C Bailly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Since we have previously shown a direct inhibitory effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on Cl reabsorption in the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TAL), the aim of this study was to extend this effect to the whole TAL and to further investigate the signaling pathway involved. In microperfused cortical TALs, PAF significantly decreased Cl reabsorption by 50.3 +/- 6.5%. On the one hand, this effect was not modified in the presence of staurosporine and was not mimicked by phorbol ester; chelating cytosolic Ca by BAPTA/AM failed to suppress the inhibitory effect of PAF on Cl reabsorption; moreover, no significant increase in intracellular Ca concentration could be observed in the presence of PAF on isolated tubules. On the other hand, 8-bromo cyclic GMP mimicked the PAF effect on Cl reabsorption and prevented a further effect of this agent; the PAF effect was significantly reduced by H-8, a cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor; in medullary TALs, PAF significantly increased by twofold cyclic GMP content, an effect inhibited by the PAF antagonist BN 50730, whereas PAF did not significantly modify cAMP content in basal or stimulated conditions. Finally, inhibition of nitric oxide production by NAME or NMMA failed to prevent the effect of PAF on Cl reabsorption. It is concluded that the PAF-induced inhibition of Cl reabsorption in the TAL was mediated by cyclic GMP, likely independent of a nitric oxide synthesis.
Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-10 are associated with the severity of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Blai Coll, Jose A. Rodríguez, Lourdes Craver, Josune Orbe, Montserrat Martínez-Alonso, Alberto Ortiz, Javier Díez, Oscar Beloqui, Merce Borras, Jose M. Valdivielso, Elvira Fernández, José A. Páramo
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Stanozolol causes rapid pain relief and healing of cutaneous ulcers caused by cryofibrinogenemia
Authors: Robert S. Kirsner, William H. Eaglstein, Matthew H. Katz, Francisco A. Kerdel, Vincent Falanga
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1993)

Cutaneous manifestations of cryofibrinogenemia include purpura, ecchymosis, and ulcerations. The histology of these lesions is characterized by intravascular thrombi.Our purpose was to test the efficacy of stanozolol, a drug capable of fibrinolytic enhancement, in treating cutaneous ulcers caused by cryofibrinogenemia.Eight patients with cutaneous ulcerations from cryofibrinogenemia were treated with stanozolol. Plasma cryofibrinogen was measured before and during treatment with stanozolol. Histologic evaluation was also performed before treatment and in selected patients during treatment.After treatment, seven of the eight patients had healing of their ulcers, prompt reduction in their pain, and improvement in livedo reticularis and purpura. Four of the eight patients had no detectable plasma cryofibrinogen after treatment. In addition, dermal intravascular thrombi resolved. Stanozolol was well tolerated and had minimal side effects.We conclude that stanozolol is a safe and effective treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of cryofibrinogenemia.
Carbon dioxide laser treatment promotes repair of the three-dimensional network of elastic fibres in rat skin
Authors: K. Tsukahara, Y. Takema, S. Moriwaki, T. Fujimura, S. Imayama, G. Imokawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We have previously reported that ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation induces a loss of linearity in the three-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibres, which results in the reduction of elastic properties of the skin and leads to wrinkle formation. We further reported that repair of wrinkles by all-trans retinoic acid is accompanied by recovery of the linearity of elastic fibres. Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers are widely used for treating wrinkles in cosmetic surgery.To perform CO2 laser treatment of wrinkles induced in rat skin by UVB irradiation and to evaluate changes in the three-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibres during wrinkle repair.Wrinkles were induced in the hind limb skin of Sprague-Dawley rats by UVB irradiation (130 mJ cm-2 three times weekly for 6 weeks), followed by CO2 laser treatment (11.3 J cm-2). The surface appearance of the skin was evaluated by replica observation 6 and 10 weeks after CO2 laser treatment followed by measurement of mechanical properties using a Cutometer. Subsequently, perfusion fixation and digestion with formic acid were performed and elastic fibres were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Image analysis of SEM micrographs was carried out to evaluate the linearity in the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres.Six weeks after CO2 laser treatment, all parameters of skin mechanical properties in the UVB-irradiated group recovered to levels of the control non-irradiated group, accompanied by repair of wrinkles and a significant increase in linearity of the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres.These findings indicate that CO2 laser treatment has a therapeutic potential to repair wrinkles to non-irradiated levels through recovery of the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres.
Report of Surgical Cases Occurring in the Cheltenham Hospital, from 1830 to 1840
Authors: C. J. Hawkins
Journal: BMJ (1844)

REPORT OF SURGICAL CASES OCCURRING, moderate pressure to be kept up, and cold applied IN THE CHELTENHAM HOSPITAL, FROM during the night.These means were perfectly success- 1830 to 1840.ful in pUtting an end to the bleeding, and under great care, notwithstanding the very profuse discharge and BY CLEMSENT JAMES HAWKINS, Esq., Surgeon to the q-treme sloughing, the case was brought to a favour- Dispensary Department of the Hospital.able conclusion, and at the present time (1844) I often (Concludedfromp. 120.) meet him walking about the streets with an artificial
Ibuprofen and Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Ronald I. Clyman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. During fetal life it diverts most of the combined ventricular output away from the lungs toward the placenta. In full-term newborns, the ductus closes within 24 to 48 hours after delivery. However, in preterm newborns, the ductus frequently fails to close. As a result, 70 percent of preterm infants delivered before 28 weeks of gestation require either medical or surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus.The clinical consequences of a patent ductus arteriosus are related to the degree of left-to-right shunting through the ductus. Despite the ability of . . .
Vitamin E Reduces Progression of Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice With Established Vascular Lesions
Authors: Tillmann Cyrus, Yuemang Yao, Joshua Rokach, Lina X. Tang, Domenico Praticò
Journal: Circulation (2003)

A growing body of evidence from animal studies supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress-mediated mechanisms play a central role in early atherogenesis. In contrast, clinical trials with antioxidant vitamins have not produced consistent results in humans with established atherosclerosis.Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice (LDLR KO) were fed a high-fat diet for 3 months to induce atheroma. At this time, 1 group of mice was euthanized for examination of atherosclerosis, and 2 other groups were randomized to receive high-fat diet either alone or supplemented with vitamin E for 3 additional months. At the end of the study, LDLR KO on a vitamin E-supplemented fat diet had decreased 8,12-iso-isoprostane (iP)F(2alpha)-VI and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels, but increased nitric oxide levels compared with mice on placebo. No difference in lipid levels was observed between the 2 groups. Compared with baseline, placebo group had progression of atherosclerosis. In contrast, vitamin E-treated animals showed a significant reduction in progression of atherosclerosis.These results demonstrate that in LDLR KO, vitamin E supplementation reduces progression of established atherosclerosis by suppressing oxidative and inflammatory reactions and increasing nitric oxide levels.
Neurotoxic effects of piperazine.
Authors: D. C. Savage
Journal: BMJ (1967)

<h3>Objective</h3> Revised guidelines for caesarean section (CS) advise maternal antibiotic administration prior to skin incision instead of after umbilical cord clamping, unintentionally exposing the infant to antibiotics antenatally. We aimed to investigate if timing of intrapartum antibiotics contributes to the impairment of microbiota colonisation in CS born infants. <h3>Design</h3> In this randomised controlled trial, women delivering via CS received antibiotics prior to skin incision (n=20) or after umbilical cord clamping (n=20). A third control group of vaginally delivering women (n=23) was included. Faecal microbiota was determined from all infants at 1, 7 and 28 days after birth and at 3 years by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing. <h3>Results</h3> Compared with vaginally born infants, profound differences were found in microbial diversity and composition in both CS groups in the first month of life. A decreased abundance in species belonging to the genera <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> was found with a concurrent increase in members belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. These differences could not be observed at 3 years of age. No statistically significant differences were observed in taxonomic and functional composition of the microbiome between both CS groups at any of the time points. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We confirmed that microbiome colonisation is strongly affected by CS delivery. Our findings suggest that maternal antibiotic administration prior to CS does not result in a second hit on the compromised microbiome. Future, larger studies should confirm that antenatal antibiotic exposure in CS born infants does not aggravate colonisation impairment and impact long-term health.
FACE MASKS IN INFECTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
Authors: BREWSTER C. DOUST
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The use of face masks by those whose duties necessitate their coming in contact with cases of respiratory infection has now become general. The object of such masks is twofold: first, to protect the wearer against infectious material from the respiratory passages of the patient, and second, to protect the patient from such material as the attendant may himself carry in his mouth and nose. The types of masks worn, however, have been variable, and the efficiency of many of these types as barriers to the transmission of bacteria is certainly open to question. We have therefore undertaken experiments with some of the commoner types of masks in order to prove their efficiency or nonefficiency in preventing the dissemination of infectious material from the mouth during the acts of speaking or coughing. Our first object was to determine, by means of agar plates exposed at different distances from an observer,