tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Signaling at neuro/immune synapses
Authors: Michael L. Dustin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Immunological and neural synapses share properties such as the synaptic cleft, adhesion molecules, stability, and polarity. However, the mismatch in scale has limited the utility of these comparisons. The discovery of phosphatase micro-exclusion from signaling elements in immunological synapses and innate phagocytic synapses define a common functional unit at a common sub-micron scale across synapse types. Bundling of information from multiple antigen receptor microclusters by an immunological synapse has parallels to bundling of multiple synaptic inputs into a single axonal output by neurons, allowing integration and coincidence detection. Bonafide neuroimmune synapses control the inflammatory reflex. A better understanding of the shared mechanisms between immunological and neural synapses could aid in the development of new therapeutic modalities for immunological, neurological, and neuroimmunological disorders alike.
"A Word Fitly Spoken..."
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<i>A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures of silver</i>(Proverbs 25:11). In medical writing as many physician-authors do it, the trouble with their vocabulary is that there are a lot of good words that seldom get used, some that are worked to death, some that are imprecise, and some that are dead wrong. The following are some examples. A manuscript contained the words "exuberant growth" in describing metastases from a malignant neoplasm. A copy editor questioned the use of "exuberant" evidently because the word was unfamiliar to her. She did not recognize an elegant use of a word when she saw it. Words that are used so often that they become trite seem to reach that stage because they are fashionable. "Document" and "documented" are representative. An author writes, "Clinical improvement was well documented on two occasions. Improvement in vital capacity was also documented." "Well-documented" might
PFI condemned as a failure
Authors: J. Cresswell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In a damning report health service managers have condemned the government's private finance initiative as a failure.

The report, published this week by the Institute of Health Services Management, paints a picture of delay and bureaucracy and emphasises that no scheme of importance has got under way.

The King's Fund echoed the condemnation of the initiative in a factual briefing paper, which describes the process as long and tortuous.



The private finance initiative has slowed down building work in the NHS SALLY WERN COMPORT/SIS …
Tungsten and Cobalt: Sheppard et al. Respond
Authors: Paul R. Sheppard, Robert J. Speakman, Gary Ridenour, Mark L. Witten
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Main et al. (2007) reported that elevated levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk, but not placenta, were associated with congenital cryptorchidism in Danish and Finnish boys.For the Danish cohort, the researchers used a case-cohort design in which biological samples were collected from all study participants, whereas for the Finnish cohort, they used a nested case-control design.The matching criteria used for Finnish mothers who gave birth to boys with cryptorchidism (measured at birth) and matched Finnish controls included the following: parity, smoking (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), gestational age (± 7 days), and date of birth (± 14 days).However, Main et al. (2007) did not provide information on adjustments made to account for the type/severity of diabetes (Virtanen et al. 2006), smoking habits (Kurahashi et al. 2005), alcohol consumption (Damgaard et al. 2007), cesarean section (Hjertkvist et al. 1989;Kurahashi et al. 2005), and other factors that may be associated with cryptorchidism.Interestingly, Main et al. did note that approximately 12% and 18% of breast milk samples and placentas, respectively, were obtained from diabetic Finnish mothers of cryptorchid boys, compared with 0% of controls (Main et al. 2007), but they conducted no further inquiry on this discrepancy.Damgaard et al. (2007) previously evaluated this same Danish-Finnish cohort and adjusted for confounders and effect modifiers for differences observed based on country, smoking, caffeine intake, alcohol consumption (including binge-drinking episodes), social class, maternal age, parity, maturity, and birth weight.Damgaard et al. (2007) noted an association between maternal alcohol consumption (≥ 5 drinks/week) and transient cryptorchidism.Despite these findings, Main et al. (2007) provided no information on stratified alcohol consumption or other potential confounders, such as caffeine intake or social class.Main et al. (2007) concluded that an association exists between PBDE levels in breast milk and cryptorchidism in boys, but we should be cautious of this interpretation, given that Main et al. (2007) may not have adequately addressed potential confounders.
Tumor invasion unit in gastric cancer revealed by QDs-based in situ molecular imaging and multispectral analysis
Authors: Wen-Qing Hu, Min Fang, Hao-Liang Zhao, Shu-Guang Yan, Jing-Ping Yuan, Chun-Wei Peng, Gui-Fang Yang, Yan Li, Jian-Ding Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)

In tumor tissues, cancer cells, tumor infiltrating macrophages and tumor neo-vessels in close spatial vicinity with one another form tumor invasion unit, which is a biologically important tumor microenvironment of metastasis to facilitate cancer invasion and metastasis. Establishing an in situ molecular imaging technology to simultaneously reveal these three components is essential for the in-depth investigation of tumor invasion unit. In this report, we have developed a computer-aided algorithm by quantum dots (QDs)-based multiplexed molecular imaging technique for such purpose. A series of studies on gastric cancer tumor tissues demonstrated that the tumor invasion unit was correlated with major unfavorable pathological features and worse clinical outcomes, which illustrated the significantly negative impacts and predictive power of tumor invasion unit on patient overall survival. This study confirmed the technical advantages of QDs-based in situ and simultaneous molecular imaging of key cancer molecules to gain deeper insights into the biology of cancer invasion.
A balancing act for autophagin
Authors: Andreas Till, Suresh Subramani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process whereby cells degrade their constituents to dispose of unwanted cytoplasmic elements and recycle nutrients for cellular remodeling. Studies of autophagy in mammals have elicited substantial interest because it is linked to a range of physiologic and pathologic states. In this issue of the JCI, Mariño et al. uncover a role for autophagy in a balance disorder related to inner ear pathologies. Mice lacking the protease autophagy-related 4B (Atg4b, also known as autophagin-1) exhibited a systemic reduction in autophagy and showed defects in the development of otoconia, organic particles that contain calcium carbonate crystals and proteins and that are essential for balance perception (equilibrioception) in mammals. The intriguing aspect of this work is that an autophagy block impairs the secretion and assembly of otoconial proteins, emphasizing a role for autophagy in functions distinct from macromolecule degradation.
EMA's proposal to vet drug research that uses its data is "outdated," say critics
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Campaigners for research transparency have criticised the European drugs regulator for proposing to censor scientists who wish to carry out studies using the agency’s side effects database. They called the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) draft policy on using the data it holds on case reports of drug side effects as “outdated” and “a barrier to public scrutiny.”

The EMA oversees the EudraVigilance database, which holds reports on the side effects of drugs approved in Europe. Researchers can request access to the raw data held on the database, to perform their own analysis.

On 4 August the agency published a draft policy1 on extending the information it shares with researchers, to include individual case reports of patients’ experiences of side effects. The policy stated that researchers must agree to clear with the agency what they intend to write before they submit their analyses for publication. The agency said that this was to check …
Cardiac Output by Thermodilution-Reply
Authors: John H. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Dr McIntyre for his thoughtful letter in which he states that the importance of the respiratory effect on the measurement of cardiac output appears to have now been settled by our recent article. Dr McIntyre has briefly reviewed several of the critical factors influencing pulmonary interactions with cardiac output. He would have liked data describing respiratory variables included in our article since he thought that the order of initiation of injection at the three different times during the respiratory cycle was not randomized. There is no question that lung compliance, airway pressure, and inspiratory flow wave form all interact with cardiac function.<sup>1</sup>However, we did not include respiratory variables since, in fact, the order of initiation of injection at the three different times during the respiratory cycle was randomized in our study. We utilized the Latin squares' technique. This is so stated in the "Methods"
Sequela of Measles.
Authors: E. P. Stimson
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Tiverton, R. I., March 13, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Are measles followed as a sequela by acute or chronic articular rheumatism? <h3>A case:</h3> W. H., exposed to measles came down sick Monday, March 1; eruption that evening. Friday or Saturday March 5 or 6, pain in joints developing articular rheumatism; at present time improving, but not able to leave bed except as removed by attendants. Query: Would W. H. have had the rheumatic attack now if he had not had measles or is it dependent upon the peculiar poison of measles. I should like the experience of the profession upon this point. Respectfully.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Soluble Mesothelin-Related Proteins in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Comparison with Benign Asbestosis and Lung Cancer
Authors: Joachim Schneider, Hans Hoffmann, Hendrik Dienemann, Felix J.F. Herth, Michael Meister, Thomas Muley
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Platelet–leucocyte aggregation in IBD
Authors: Peter Irving, David Rampton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Copper Deficiency and DietTo the Editor: Harless et al. [1] reported two women with copper deficiency of unclear etiology whose deficiency quickly resolved after supplementation with copper gluconate.They suggested that consumption of 100 oz daily of soft drinks containing sucrose or fructose may have contributed to the problem because these simple sugars have been shown to disrupt copper utilization in animal experiments.A diet low in copper also may have been contributory.The Western diet often is low in copper [2], according to pooled data of more than 900 diets analyzed chemically and summarized in several articles.Recently, 62 and 36% of diets of 80 randomly selected adults in Baltimore, MD [3], were below the recommended dietary allowance (0.9 mg/day) and the estimated average requirement for adults (0.7 mg/day).The estimated average requirement is the median of a distribution of requirements; it applies only to apparently healthy people.Although soft drinks may have increased the copper requirements of the women, it seems unlikely that with body mass indices of 17 and 21 they had eaten sufficient copper from food when drinking 1400 kcal of Mountain Dew, or equivalent, daily.Recovery in a month from 2 mg copper gluconate daily (14.0%copper) yielding only 40% of the estimated average requirement is remarkable.
Evolutionary Origin and Phylogeny of the Modern Holocephalans (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeriformes): A Mitogenomic Perspective
Authors: J. G. Inoue, M. Miya, K. Lam, B.-H. Tay, J. A. Danks, J. Bell, T. I. Walker, B. Venkatesh
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

With our increasing ability for generating whole-genome sequences, comparative analysis of whole genomes has become a powerful tool for understanding the structure, function, and evolutionary history of human and other vertebrate genomes. By virtue of their position basal to bony vertebrates, cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) are a valuable outgroup in comparative studies of vertebrates. Recently, a holocephalan cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark, Callorhinchus milii (Subclass Holocephali: Order Chimaeriformes), has been proposed as a model genome, and low-coverage sequence of its genome has been generated. Despite such an increasing interest, the evolutionary history of the modern holocephalans—a previously successful and diverse group but represented by only 39 extant species—and their relationship with elasmobranchs and other jawed vertebrates has been poorly documented largely owing to a lack of well-preserved fossil materials after the end-Permian about 250 Ma. In this study, we assembled the whole mitogenome sequences for eight representatives from all the three families of the modern holocephalans and investigated their phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history. Unambiguously aligned sequences from these holocephalans together with 17 other vertebrates (9,409 nt positions excluding entire third codon positions) were subjected to partitioned maximum likelihood analysis. The resulting tree strongly supported a single origin of the modern holocephalans and their sister-group relationship with elasmobranchs. The mitogenomic tree recovered the most basal callorhinchids within the chimaeriforms, which is sister to a clade comprising the remaining two families (rhinochimaerids and chimaerids). The timetree derived from a relaxed molecular clock Bayesian method suggests that the holocephalans originated in the Silurian about 420 Ma, having survived from the end-Permian (250 Ma) mass extinction and undergoing familial diversifications during the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous (170–120 Ma). This postulated evolutionary scenario agrees well with that based on the paleontological observations.
Misunderstandings about the Effects of Race and Sex on Physicians' Referrals for Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: L M Schwartz, S Woloshin, H G Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In the February 25 issue of the Journal, Schulman et al. claimed that the “race and sex of a patient independently influence how physicians manage chest pain.”1 Their study received extensive coverage in the news media. It was reported in most major newspapers26 and was a feature story on ABC's Nightline, with Surgeon General David Satcher providing commentary.7 Unfortunately, in each case, the results were overstated. We explore what went wrong and suggest ways to improve the communication of data to the public. Our purpose is not to deny the occurrence of racial or sex bias, rather to emphasize . . .
US junior doctors found to be ignorant of drug companies' tactics
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Although drug companies spend billions of dollars on marketing their products and have been successful in influencing doctors' prescribing decisions, a new study shows that only a small proportion of medical residency programmes in the United States teach doctors how to deal with such pressures ( Academic Medicine 2004;79: 432-7).

Dr Raquel Watkins, lead author of the study and assistant professor of internal medicine at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical …
AAV8, 9, Rh10, Rh43 Vector Gene Transfer in the Rat Brain: Effects of Serotype, Promoter and Purification Method
Authors: Ronald L Klein, Robert D Dayton, Jason B Tatom, Karen M Henderson, Phillip P Henning
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

We compared adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes for expression levels of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the adult rat hippocampus by biophotonic imaging. Preparations of AAV serotypes 8, 9, Rh10, and Rh43 incorporating cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven GFP were purified by a CsCl method. Neither AAV Rh10 nor AAV Rh43 produced greater levels of GFP than AAV8, which was used as a reference. For AAV9, there was an increase relative to AAV8. The CsCl-purified AAV8 displayed an astroglial transduction pattern in contrast to the expected neuronal expression of other AAVs. After preparing the same CMV-GFP plasmid in AAV8 with an iodixanol purification method, the expected neuronal pattern resulted. The astroglial expression with the CsCl AAV8 was probably due to relatively high levels of protein impurities. We compared the CMV promoter with the CMV/chicken beta-actin (CBA) promoter in the context of AAV8, both prepared by iodixanol, and found the CBA promoter to produce stronger GFP expression. At two doses of vectors optimized for serotype, promoter and purification, we did not observe serotype differences among AAV8, AAV9, or AAV Rh10. The purification method can therefore impact the transduction pattern as well as the results when comparing serotype strengths.
Assessment of left ventricular function in secundum atrial septal defect by computer analysis of the M-mode echocardiogram.
Authors: M G St John Sutton, A J Tajik, L A Mercier, J B Seward, E R Giuliani, E L Ritman
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Left ventricular function in 53 patients with secundum atrial septal defect was assessed by computer-assisted analysis of the left ventricular echocardiogram and by cardiac catheterization. The patients were divided into two groups, those younger and those older than 60 years, to investigate the effect of aging on left ventricular function. Cavity size was significantly smaller than normal (p less than 0.01) and septal motion was abnormal in 86%, but values for cardiac index, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, left ventricular filling rate, and duration of rapid filling were normal in both groups. Regional dynamics assessed in terms of peak rates of systolic thickening and diastolic thinning of the septum and posterior wall were also normal in both groups. We concluded that, although left ventricular minor dimensions are small, and septal motion is reversed in the majority of patients with atrial septal defect, left ventricular function is normal, and it does not appear to deteriorate with increased age, pulmonary hypertension, or the presence of right ventricular failure. The abnormal septal motion appears to be compensated for by enhanced septal and posterior wall percentage thickening.
A new syndrome from general practice?
Authors: P. Carter
Journal: BMJ (1985)

currently being operated on have retractile testes, but if this is not the case there must have been a substantial increase in the incidence of undescended testis over the past 20 years.There are no data available with which to resolve this ques- tion.One way to settle the issue would be to repeat Scorer's original studies.We are collaborating with the departments of obstetrics and gynaecology, surgery, and paediatrics at the John Radcliffe Hospital to do such a study.We have so far examined a cohort of more than 2500 newborn boys and the results of the first year of the study will be available in about six months.
Groups Release New, Updated Guidelines to Reduce Heart Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Computer-Based Drug-Utilization Review — Risk, Benefit, or Boondoggle?
Authors: S B Soumerai, H L Lipton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

On October 28, 1990, with little debate, Congress passed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, requiring the states to provide claims-based drug-utilization review to approximately 34 million Medicaid enrollees.1,2 The provisions of the program were borrowed from the ill-fated Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988, repealed in 1990; the stated goals were to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing and dispensing of medications, enhance the counseling of patients, and reduce growth in expenditures for drugs.1 Drug-utilization review is a structured, ongoing program that interprets patterns of drug use in relation to predetermined criteria and attempts to prevent or minimize inappropriate prescribing.3, . . .
Red faces over red meat
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The British government denied last week that it had suppressed a year old report by its own meat inspectors which stated that abattoirs had become breeding grounds for Escherichia coli .

When the report came to light in press leaks, ministers were wrongfooted by having to admit that they had not seen it. Neither had the report been passed to Professor Sir Hugh Pennington, who is heading the Scottish Office inquiry into the E coli outbreak in …
Screening immigrants at risk of tuberculosis
Authors: P Ormerod
Journal: BMJ (1994)

disease must be considered.I became aware of an association between adult epiglottitis and malignancy when treating a patient with acute epiglottitis due to infection with Branhamela catarralis who was subsequently diagnosed as having acute myeloid leukaemia.'There have been other reports of acute epiglottitis in patients with leukaemia,3 and Lederman et al described seven cases of pneumococcal epiglottitis, six of which were associated with some form ofmalignancy.4Thus an underlying malignancy or other inmmunosuppressive disease5 should be suspected in cases of adult epiglottitis.This association may simply represent opportunistic infection occurring in immunocompromised patients and need not indicate a specific link.Assessment of the whole patient is, however, vitally important, even when the presenting symptoms and signs seem to be localised.
Sibling history of asthma is a risk factor for pain in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Joshua J. Field, Eric A. Macklin, Yan Yan, Robert C. Strunk, Michael R. DeBaun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

The basis of the association between asthma and an increased rate of pain among children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is unclear. To provide evidence for a familial contribution to this observation, we tested the hypothesis that a family history of asthma is associated with an increased pain rate. Using data from the Cooperative Study for Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD), we identified 211 children with SCA with asthma history of the parents and siblings. A sibling history of asthma was associated with a greater rate of pain (mean rate ratio = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.6-4.0; P < 0.001) when compared with children without a sibling history of asthma. Parental history of asthma was not associated an increase rate of pain (mean ratio = 1.51, 95% CI= 0.92-2.62; P = 0.12). Further studies are needed to examine genetic and/or environmental risks for asthma as potential contributors to pain in children with SCA.