tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> Drug Response and Molecular Markers Associated with Drug Resistance in Malignant Gliomas
Authors: John P. Fruehauf, Henry Brem, Steven Brem, Andrew Sloan, Geoffrey Barger, Weidong Huang, Ricardo Parker
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Drug resistance in malignant gliomas contributes to poor clinical outcomes. We determined the in vitro drug response profiles for 478 biopsy specimens from patients with the following malignant glial histologies: astrocytoma (n = 71), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 39), glioblastoma multiforme (n = 259), oligodendroglioma (n = 40), and glioma (n = 69). Experimental Design: Samples were tested for drug resistance to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), cisplatin, dacarbazine, paclitaxel, vincristine, and irinotecan. Biomarkers associated with drug resistance were detected by immunohistochemistry, including multidrug resistance gene-1, glutathione S-transferase π (GSTP1), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), and mutant p53. Results: In vitro drug resistance in malignant gliomas was independent of prior therapy. High-grade glioblastomas showed a lower level of extreme drug resistance than low-grade astrocytomas to cisplatin (11% versus 27%), temozolomide (14% versus 27%), irinotecan (33% versus 53%), and BCNU (29% versus 38%). A substantial percentage of brain tumors overexpressed biomarkers associated with drug resistance, including MGMT (67%), GSTP1 (49%), and mutant p53 (41%). MGMT and GSTP1 overexpression was independently associated with in vitro resistance to BCNU, whereas coexpression of these two markers was associated with the greatest degree of BCNU resistance. Conclusions: Assessment of in vitro drug response and profiles of relevant tumor-associated biomarkers may assist the clinician in stratifying patient treatment regimens.
Cardiac Arrest in Obstetrics
Authors: Edwin M. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Cardiac arrest as a cause of maternal death in New York City increased from 2.3% of maternal deaths in the 1953-1958 period, to 9.5% for the year 1959. Detailed analysis of hospital records of seven authenticated cases of cardiac arrest revealed that possible etiologic factors included multiple drug therapy in pre-medication, hypotensive influence of tranquilizing ataractics, prolonged labor, severe anemia, and acute unreplaced blood loss. Recommendations regarding prophylaxis are made for the prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. Finally a program of education for the medical community is offered in order to achieve the objectives of trained personnel and ready availability of necessary equipment in order to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity from cardiac arrest.
POSITION OF SURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS
Authors: H. H. Rayner
Journal: BMJ (1929)

Ditms U- Otlher points in the clinical examiiniatioii of the case, suichl as the general conidition of the patienit, hiis plhysical form, and( tlhe state of hiis nervous systeiii, assist in the diagnosis, but the differenitial ditagnoesis of thle varieties of conistipationi is one of considerable difficultv, anid cain -oy he miade in some cases by x-ray exansiiiatioll. Radiograp7hic Diagynosis.'In order to-avoidl the descriptioni of the radiogr-aplic al)learances in the differenit forms of conistipation a series of films illustrating the.sever-al varieties of constipation was showrn.Not-onlv is radiographic evidlcnce usefuil in conifirmllillng, or othelrwise, a cliniical diag,nosis, but it is of lpaLticular value in excludin-g certaini forms of organic (lisease, suchl as diverticulosis, cairly carCionma, anid other' forms of organic disease which mlay be difficult to exclude witlh certainty by clinical examiniationi; it is also iinvallu- abl)e in the accurate diagnosis of these cases in.wthiich more tllan onie variety of constipation is present at the salme tiliie .-as,fol inistance, the coincidence of sp)astic constipation anid rectal dvsclhezia.T-eahtnneit of Con1stipataio .5The first object of treatmenit is to obtain a regUlar action of the bowels with the passage of a formiied stool.Just as men-ital depression and emilotionial distress are responsible for constipationi, and just as fear aiid friglht may cause diarrhoea, so constipation.is itself lesponsible for a seisse of depressioni and fatigu:e, and tlie colstanit passage of
Chronic hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: K. Bramham, B. Parnell, C. Nelson-Piercy, P. T. Seed, L. Poston, L. C. Chappell
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Oncogenes are commonly amplified on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) contributing to poor outcomes for patients. Currently, the chronology of ecDNA development is not known. We studied the origination and evolution of ecDNA in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) who progressed to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). <h3>METHODS</h3> We analyzed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from a BE surveillance cohort and EAC patients at Cambridge University UK (n=206 patients). We also analyzed WGS data from biopsies taken at two time points from multiple sites in the esophagus from 80 patients enrolled in a case-control study at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC) - 40 BE patients who progressed to EAC and 40 who did not. <h3>RESULTS</h3> ecDNA was detected in 24% and 43% of BE patients with BE-associated early and late-stage EAC, respectively, in the Cambridge cross-sectional cohort. ecDNA was found in 33% of all FHCC BE patients who developed cancer, either prior to, or at EAC diagnosis. ecDNA was strongly associated with patients who developed cancer, in contrast with FHCC BE patients who did not progress (odds ratio, 18.8, CI – 2.3-152, p=3.3×10-4). ecDNAs were enriched for oncogenes and immunomodulatory genes and could be detected early in the transition from high-grade dysplasia to cancer and increased in copy number and complexity over time. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> ecDNAs can develop before a diagnosis of cancer in BE patients and are strongly selected for during the evolution to EAC. ecDNAs promote diverse oncogene and immunomodulatory gene amplification during EAC development and progression.
BERIBERI ON THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA.
Authors: LOUIS H. FALES
Journal: JAMA (1907)

It is not the purpose of this paper to give any new information on the etiology of beriberi. The subject has been extensively investigated by Pekelharing and Winkler, Manson, Wright and the Japanese school, and germs have been isolated, which, it is claimed, are the cause of the disease. These claims, however, have not been substantiated. Beriberi has been attributed to faulty diet, to various forms of intestinal parasites, to exposure to the elements, and, finally, in absence of definite knowledge, to malaria. The consensus of opinion is that beriberi is a place infection and probably of microbic origin; it is immaterial whether, as Manson states, the germ is located in the soil of infected spots and produces a toxin which gains entrance to the body and causes the symptoms characteristic of the disease, or whether the germ itself gains access to the body and there generates a toxin which
A Randomized Trial of Doxycycline for<i>Mansonella perstans</i>Infection
Authors: Yaya I. Coulibaly, Benoit Dembele, Abdallah A. Diallo, Ettie M. Lipner, Salif S. Doumbia, Siaka Y. Coulibaly, Siaka Konate, Dapa A. Diallo, Daniel Yalcouye, Joseph Kubofcik, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Abdel K. Traore, Adama D. Keita, Michael P. Fay, Sekou F. Traore, Thomas B. Nutman, Amy D. Klion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Mansonella perstans infection is common in areas of Africa where Wuchereria bancrofti, a causative agent of lymphatic filariasis, is endemic. M. perstans is refractory to standard antifilarial therapies. The recent discovery of bacterial endosymbionts (e.g., wolbachia) in most filarial species, including M. perstans, provides new therapeutic options for reducing microfilaremia.In an open-label, randomized trial, we recruited subjects with M. perstans microfilaremia, with or without concomitant W. bancrofti infection, from four villages in Mali and randomly assigned them to receive doxycycline, at a dose of 200 mg daily for 6 weeks (106 subjects), or no treatment (110). At 6 months, subjects who were coinfected with W. bancrofti underwent a second random assignment, to treatment with a single dose of albendazole (400 mg) and ivermectin (150 microg per kilogram of body weight) or no treatment. Subjects were monitored daily during the first 6-week study period for adverse events. M. perstans and W. bancrofti microfilarial levels were assessed at 6, 12, and 36 months.At 12 months, 67 of 69 subjects who had received treatment with doxycycline only (97%) had no detectable M. perstans microfilariae per 60 microl of blood, as compared with 10 of 63 subjects who had received no treatment (16%) (relative risk, 6.18; 95% confidence interval, 3.63 to 11.89; P<0.001). At 36 months, M. perstans microfilaremia remained suppressed in 48 of 64 subjects who had received treatment with doxycycline only (75%), a finding that was consistent with a macrofilaricidal effect of doxycycline. Vomiting was more frequent in the doxycycline-treated group than in the untreated group (17% vs. 4%).These results are consistent with previous findings that M. perstans harbors the intracellular endosymbiont, wolbachia, and suggest that doxycycline is an effective therapy for M. perstans infection. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00340691.)
An implantable device for long term venous access in chronic lung conditions.
Authors: M J Davies, R G Wilson, M Keston, S J Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1991)

according to the number of umbilical vessels in the infant.In all, 1580 women with an infant who had a single umbilical artery gave information about smoking.Numbers (percentages) ofinfants with single umbilical artery and with three vessels by maternal smoking habit (twins and infants with chromosomal anomalies are excluded) Maternal smoking (cigarcttes/dav) Umbilical vessels 0 <10 >10 Total Single umbilical 1580 artery 973 (61-6) 370 (23 4) 237 (15-0) Threevessels 235976(69 7) 62525 (18-5)39851 (11-8) 338352 Crude odds ratio* 1 44 1-44 *Unadjusted for maternal age and parity.
Multiparametric Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
Authors: Christopher A. Miller, Jaydeep Sarma, Josephine H. Naish, Nizar Yonan, Simon G. Williams, Steven M. Shaw, David Clark, Keith Pearce, Martin Stout, Rahul Potluri, Alex Borg, Glyn Coutts, Saqib Chowdhary, Gerry P. McCann, Geoffrey J.M. Parker, Simon G. Ray, Matthias Schmitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
TREATMENT OF LUPUS VULGARIS WITH CALCIFEROL
Authors: G. B. Dowling, E. W. Prosser Thomas.
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1946)

Journal Article TREATMENT OF LUPUS VULGARIS WITH CALCIFEROL Get access G. B. Dowling, G. B. Dowling Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. W. Prosser Thomas. E. W. Prosser Thomas. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 58, Issue 3-4, 1 March 1946, Pages 45–52, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1946.tb16275.x Published: 01 March 1946
734 EFFICACY OF COMBINATION THERAPY OF ADEFOVIR AND TELBIVUDINE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS WITH A PARTIAL VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ADEFOVIR MONOTHERAPY: A 48-WEEK, OPEN-LABEL, PROSPECTIVE, SINGLE CENTER STUDY
Authors: X. Li, G. Lin, Y. Wu, L. Yang, X. Zhang, C. Lu, Z. Gao, Y. Chong
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Incidence of Tuberculosis Among Workers in Medical Laboratories
Authors: D. D. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1957)

MEDICJURNALScandinavian group.Infections associated with Eire '55 and Dutch '56 viruses occurred, but were much Less prevalent.Influenza virus B strains isolated during the 1954-5 epidemic differed antigenically from earlier strains of this group.The frequency with which respiratory illnesses associated with influenza A and B infections were detected between epidemics in the period studied appears compatible with the hypothesis that both diseases are endemic in this country.Evidence of actual and potential importation of infection from abroad was also found.This report was made possible by the work of many people- medical officers of health, laboratory workers, Service medical officers, and especially those general practitioners who took part in the influenza-spotting scheme.We should like to acknowledge in particular the help given to the Public Health Laboratory Ser- vice by the university laboratories in Aberdeen, Bristol, Edinburgh, and Glasgow, and by the Central Laboratory, Belfast.We are indebted to the Medical Research Council for a grant towards expenses of the special influenza vaccine trial spotting scheme.
Successful rehabilitation in conversion paralysis.
Authors: M A Delargy, R C Peatfield, A A Burt
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A rehabilitation programme for patients with conversion paralysis has been introduced in which they are offered physical rehabilitation. During an eight month period between October 1984 and May 1985 six patients who had been diagnosed as dependent on wheelchairs owing to conversion paralysis for a mean of 3 years (range 1-6 years) were entered into the inpatient neurorehabilitation programme. All six patients were able to walk within a mean of 41 days (range 10-70 days), and then relinquished a variety of aids and allowances as a result of their regained mobility. They continued to be independent at outpatient review for a mean of 10 months (range 8-15 months). Successful rehabilitation from wheelchair dependency can be achieved by a cost effective, prolonged, inpatient neurorehabilitation programme.
AGE AND SEX INCIDENCE OF MORTALITY IN MICHIGAN FROM DIPHTHERIA AND FROM CROUP DURING TWENTY-FIVE YEARS, 1870-94; A STATISTIC STUDY.
Authors: CRESSY L. WILBUR
Journal: JAMA (1896)

No apology is necessary at the present time for a statistic study bearing upon the history of diphtheria and croup in the United States during recent years. It is only a short time since the etiologic characteristics of the disease, or diseases, dependent chiefly upon the presence of the Klebs—Löffler bacillus and associated microörganisms, have been definitely ascertained, and a still briefer time has elapsed since the antitoxin treatment, based entirely upon modern bacteriologic research, has promised to revolutionize entirely the treatment, and to greatly reduce the mortality of this, by far the most fatal acute infectious disease prevalent in this country, or at least its northern part. It is of especial importance, therefore, in order that it may be known whether the claims of the new method of treatment are substantiated by experience, that reliable statistics of immediately preceding periods be available for comparison, and in case the employment
From the NIH
Authors: James B. Wyngaarden
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Overexpression of forkhead box C1 promotes tumor metastasis and indicates poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Limin Xia, Wenjie Huang, Dean Tian, Hongwu Zhu, Xingshun Qi, Zheng Chen, Yongguo Zhang, Hao Hu, Daiming Fan, Yongzhan Nie, Kaichun Wu
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Recurrence and metastasis remain the most common causes of lethal outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. Thus, it is critical to discover the mechanisms underlying HCC metastasis. Forkhead box C1 (FoxC1), a member of the Fox family of transcription factors, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes epithelial cell migration. However, the role of FoxC1 in the progression of HCC remains unknown. Here, we report that FoxC1 plays a critical role in HCC metastasis. FoxC1 expression was markedly higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. HCC patients with positive FoxC1 expression had shorter overall survival times and higher recurrence rates than those with negative FoxC1 expression. FoxC1 expression was an independent, significant risk factor for recurrence and survival after curative resection. FoxC1 overexpression induced changes characteristic of EMT and an increase in HCC cell invasion and lung metastasis. However, FoxC1 knockdown inhibited these processes. FoxC1 transactivated Snai1 expression by directly binding to the Snai1 promoter, thereby leading to the inhibition of E-cadherin transcription. Knockdown of Snai1 expression significantly attenuated FoxC1-enhanced invasion and lung metastasis. FoxC1 expression was positively correlated with Snai1 expression, but inversely correlated with E-cadherin expression in human HCC tissues. Additionally, a complementary DNA microarray, serial deletion, site-directed mutagenesis, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9 (NEDD9), which promotes the metastasis of HCC cells, is a direct transcriptional target of FoxC1 and is involved in FoxC1-mediated HCC invasion and metastasis. Conclusions: FoxC1 may promote HCC metastasis through the induction of EMT and the up-regulation of NEDD9 expression. Thus, FoxC1 may be a candidate prognostic biomarker and a target for new therapies.
Protective efficacy of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis against malaria in HIV exposed children in rural Uganda: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: T. G. Sandison, J. Homsy, E. Arinaitwe, H. Wanzira, A. Kakuru, V. Bigira, J. Kalamya, N. Vora, J. Kublin, M. R. Kamya, G. Dorsey, J. W. Tappero
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the protective efficacy of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis against malaria in HIV exposed children (uninfected children born to HIV infected mothers) in Africa. <b>Design</b> Non-blinded randomised control trial <b>Setting</b> Tororo district, rural Uganda, an area of high malaria transmission intensity <b>Participants</b> 203 breastfeeding HIV exposed infants enrolled between 6 weeks and 9 months of age <b>Intervention</b> Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis from enrolment until cessation of breast feeding and confirmation of negative HIV status. All children who remained HIV uninfected (n=185) were then randomised to stop co-trimoxazole prophylaxis immediately or continue co-trimoxazole until 2 years old. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Incidence of malaria, calculated as the number of antimalarial treatments per person year. <b>Results</b> The incidence of malaria and prevalence of genotypic mutations associated with antifolate resistance were high throughout the study. Among the 98 infants randomised to continue co-trimoxazole, 299 malaria cases occurred in 92.28 person years (incidence 3.24 cases/person year). Among the 87 infants randomised to stop co-trimoxazole, 400 malaria cases occurred in 71.81 person years (5.57 cases/person year). Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis yielded a 39% reduction in malaria incidence, after adjustment for age at randomisation (incidence rate ratio 0.61 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.81), P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of complicated malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia, hospitalisations, or deaths between the two treatment arms. <b>Conclusions</b> Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis was moderately protective against malaria in HIV exposed infants when continued beyond the period of HIV exposure despite the high prevalence of <i>Plasmodium</i> genotypes associated with antifolate resistance. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical Trials NCT00527800
Artifacts in First and Second Sounds of the Phonocardiogram
Authors: HORACE T. CASTILLO
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Phonocardiographic instrumentation tests using a square wave of sound pressure reveal differentiation spikes at the output of a dynamic microphone and at the amplifier-filter during initial onset of the test pulse. When the pulse reaches the plateau level, ringing oscillations can be observed in the amplifier-filter combination. Microphone differentiation and filter ringing are also present at removal of the test pulse. These artifacts can be observed as a frequency distortion at the beginning and end of the first and second heart sounds in the normal phonocardiogram. By observing the characteristics of these artifacts investigators and clinicians may be assisted in improving their understanding of heart sound recordings. It is suggested that clinicians use the square wave test to determine the distortion unique to their equipment.
Quality of Life and Trial Adherence Among Participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: K. L. Taylor, R. Shelby, E. Gelmann, C. McGuire
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: The National Cancer Institute's Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial was designed to examine whether annual screening tests for these four tumor sites result in reduced disease-related mortality. We assessed the impact of trial participation on both health-related quality of life (HRQL) and trial adherence. Methods: Participants (N = 432; 217 in the control arm and 215 in screening arm) were accrued from the Georgetown University PLCO site from May through December 1998. Screening-arm participants were interviewed by telephone at baseline (prescreening), shortly after notification of screening results (short-term follow-up), and 9 months after notification of screening results (intermediate-term follow up). Control-arm participants completed a baseline and 1-year follow-up assessment. Logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Participants reported high levels of HRQL and satisfaction with their decision to participate. Screening-arm participants with abnormal screening results had a higher level of intrusive thoughts about cancer than those with all normal results (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3 to 6.3) at the short-term follow-up but not at the intermediate-term follow-up (when abnormal test results were known to be false positive; OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 0.89 to 4.2). Trial adherence was statistically significantly better among participants who had received all normal results in the previous year's screening tests (93.7% versus 78.7%; OR = 3.7, CI = 1.1 to 12.0) than in those who received at least one abnormal result. In the control arm, adherence (defined as returning annual questionnaires) was positively associated with education (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.4 to 8.4) and sex, with women being more likely to return questionnaires than men (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.05 to 4.4). Conclusions: It is feasible to collect HRQL measures as part of a large cancer screening trial. Prior abnormal screening results were related to short-term HRQL but not to intermediate-term HRQL. Trial adherence was poorer among those who had received previous false-positive results. These results suggest several methods for improving adherence in this and other subgroups.