tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deficits in Psychologic and Classroom Performance of Children with Elevated Dentine Lead Levels
Authors: Herbert L. Needleman, Charles Gunnoe, Alan Leviton, Robert Reed, Henry Peresie, Cornelius Maher, Peter Barrett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

To measure the neuropsychologic effects of unidentified childhood exposure to lead, the performance of 58 children with high and 100 with low dentine lead levels was compared. Children with high lead levels scored significantly less well on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Revised) than those with low lead levels. This difference was also apparent on verbal subtests, on three other measures of auditory or speech processing and on a measure of attention. Analysis of variance showed that none of these differences could be explained by any of the 39 other variables studied. Also evaluated by a teachers' questionnaire was the classroom behavior of all children (2146 in number) whose teeth were analyzed. The frequency of non-adaptive classroom behavior increased in a dose-related fashion to dentine lead level. Lead exposure, at doses below those producing symptoms severe enough to be diagnosed clinically, appears to be associated with neuropsychologic deficits that may interfere with classroom performance. (N Engl J Med 300:689–695, 1979)
Clinics in Rheumatic Diseases: Extra-articular Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: A. B. Myles
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

<h3>Background</h3> There are few references or publications about the management of bleeding during cardiac surgery. Practices are influenced by the availability of drugs and equipment and are team-dependant. Off-label use of blood coagulation factors (BCFs) has become a major public health and financial concern. <h3>Purpose</h3> To explain the increasing use of BCFs, during cardiac surgery under Extracorporeal Circulation (ECC), in a University Hospital setting. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> We assessed the amounts of BCFs and Transfused Blood Products (TBPs) used between 2009 and 2011 and compared these figures to the number of operations using ECC. <h3>Results</h3> During this 2 years, the workload, in number of operations requiring ECC, increased by only 3% (with a decrease of 11% in emergencies). The use of TBP increased 3%. In the same time, BCF prescriptions increased dramatically (representing a cost of Euro 270,000). The analysis of quantities dispensed shows: An increase of over 138% for Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (PCCs) Increase of over 586% for fibrinogen (Fg) Increase of over 102% for activated factor VII National figures for the same period were: 23% increase for PCC 70% increase for Fg 4% increase for FVII <h3>Conclusions</h3> The increased use of these factors can be explained by changes in local professional practise. In order to standardise and justify the use of these costly products, multidisciplinary meetings (anaesthetists, biologists, cardiac surgeons and pharmacists) are taking place. A procedure for the management of bleeding during cardiac surgery is in development. This document should contribute to the improvement of care in terms of therapeutic efficiency and safety. No conflict of interest.
Medical-Devices Control: A Panacea?
Authors: Claude Lenfant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The article by FitzGerald et al. (p. 1283) raises an extremely important question. Over the last two decades pulmonary-function testing has become an essential element in the specialist's, and almost as essential in the general practitioner's, arsenal. This has unavoidably —and quite legitimately so — resulted in a proliferation of firms producing a great variety of instruments of increasing convenience, but also of increasing sophistication and cost. The point made by FitzGerald et al. is that some instruments do not meet the standard of performance that must be expected for any device providing information that can potentially affect a patient's . . .
Crusading for change in the Catholic Church
Authors: Anthony S D McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Secondary prevention of heart disease with statins Groups were as different as chalk and cheeseEditor-Wei et al say that the results of their observational study of treatment with statins in routine clinical practice in Tayside are consistent with, and similar to, those reported in clinical trials. 1 This conclusion is hardly justified.A cohort of patients, defined by a discharge diagnosis of myocardial infarction between January 1993 and December 2001, was studied to compare the outcomes in those treated with statins and those not receiving these drugs.The data clearly show that the two groups differed substantially in terms of age, sex, comorbidity, and other cardiovascular drug treatment-all of these factors were biased in favour of a poorer outcome in patients not given statins.Furthermore, the two groups belonged to different time periods, most of the untreated patients to the earlier part and most of those given statins to the later part of the study.Given the changes between 1993 and 2001-including, for example, those related to the management of acute myocardial infarction and the criteria for diagnosis-it is only to be expected that the untreated group would have a higher risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.Multivariate analysis was reported as showing that statins reduced all cause mortality by 31% and the composite end point of myocardial infarction plus cardiovascular mortality by 18%.These results should be greeted with scepticism.Firstly, many trials of statins have failed to show any reduction whatsoever in all cause mortality. [2]][4][5] Secondly, as observed in other studies, any reduction in all cause mortality would be expected to be much less than that for composite cardiovascular end points. 2 4 5 The two groups in this study were as different as chalk and cheese.It should come as no surprise, therefore, that the results were anomalous.In such circumstances, no amount of statistical trickery could be expected to furnish anything of value.
Cardiac resuscitation in the community. Importance of rapid provision and implications for program planning
Authors: M. S. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Several time-related variables involving resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were studied. Short time intervals from collapse to initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to provision of definitive care were significantly associated with survival from cardiac arrest. The two times were jointly related, and one short time without the other was unlikely to result in survival. If CPR was initiated within four minutes and if definitive care was provided within eight minutes, 43% of patients survived. If either time was exceeded, the changes of survival fell dramatically. The time to initiation of CPR and definitive care are factors directly influenced by emergency medical service program decisions. A realistic option to improve time to initiation of CPR is widespread citizen CPR training. A possible option to improve the time to definitive care is the training of emergency medical technicians in defibrillation.
HYSTERECTOMY FOR SUPPURATIVE DISEASE OF THE PELVIC ORGANS.
Authors: J. M. BALDY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

When on the evening of Oct. 5, 1893, I read before the Obstetrical Society of Philadelphia, a paper entitled "Removal of the Uterus and its Appendages for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease," and for the first time proposed this procedure as a matter of election, my remarks met with a strong protest and almost universal disapproval. At almost the same time, Polk made a similar proposition in a paper read before the New York Obstetrical Society, which was received by an almost equal amount of condemnation. During May, 1894, I read a paper on the same subject before the American Gynecological Society at its Washington meeting, and it proved to be a matter of considerable surprise that in the short interim so large a number of the members had already practiced and approved the new procedure, as was developed by the discussion. Since that time, I have had many opportunities of demonstrating
INTENSIVE HEPATOLOGICAL STUDIES USING CARPHENAZINE
Authors: ERNESTO TIANGCO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Nine severely deteriorated chronic schizophrenic patients were treated continuously for 115 days with carphenazine in daily doses that were initiated at 25 mg. and ultimately raised to 100, 150, 200 and 300 mg. Three showed moderate and 5 slight overall reduction in symptoms. The findings in bi-weekly transaminase determinations and weekly complete blood counts and urinalyses remained within normal limits for all patients throughout treatment. According to these preliminary data, carphenazine appears to be a safe agent for long term antipsychotic treatment.
Recidivism in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Lawrence A. Labbate, Michael E. Doyle
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: While recidivism has been well studied in psychotic disorders, little has specifically been done to determine what differences exist between patients admitted multiple times compared with once for major depressive disorder (MDD). Method: The records of patients admitted with MDD to a large military medical center were reviewed during the years 1991–1995. Recidivists were 46 consecutive patients admitted three or more times during the period. The comparison sample was 50 consecutive patients admitted for the first time in 1993 without subsequent admission to our hospital. Patient groups were compared for age, gender, comorbidity, and the presence of medical conditions contributing to their admission. Results: Repeat hospital admissions for MDD were common. Recidivists were more likely to be older, suffer recurrent depression, receive a personality disorder diagnosis, receive ECT or have a medical condition contributing to their admission, than patients admitted once. Alcohol use disorders or other Axis I disorders did not predict recidivism. Conclusions: For some patients the morbidity of MDD in the form of frequent admissions is considerable, perhaps as severe as for patients with psychotic disorders. Frequent hospitalizations may result from recurrent MDD with or without personality disorder.
78 VALIDATION OF CONTROLLED ATTENUATION PARAMETER (CAP) AS A NON-INVASIVE MARKER OF STEATOSIS IN 228 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE FROM VARIOUS CAUSES
Authors: M. Beaugrand, V. de Ledinghen, C. Douvin, P. Marcellin, R. Poupon, C. Fournier, L. Sandrin, V. Miette, M. Sasso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
HIV Vaccine Trial Results — An Opening for Further Research
Authors: Raphael Dolin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

HIV-AIDS has emerged as an enormous, worldwide public health problem over the past 25 years. An estimated 33 million persons are infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and more than 7000 new infections occur every day.1 Although major advances have been made in the treatment of HIV-1 infection and in certain behavioral approaches to the prevention of HIV infection, ultimately, control will most likely depend on the development and application of a safe and effective HIV vaccine. Substantial effort is being expended to develop an HIV vaccine through a variety of approaches.2 However, disappointing results have emerged from . . .
THE ASSOCIATION OF DISEASES AND MORBID PROCESSES.
Authors: H. A. WEST
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Any one who has had the opportunity of observation in the clinical wards or dead-house of a general hospital, must have been struck, as I have been, with the multiform and complex pathologic conditions frequently met with; and with the further fact that even with the patient upon the postmortem table, in the hands of a skilful pathologist, with the viscera laid open to inspection, and with the aid of the microscope, it is oftentimes difficult to discover the primary condition, the connection between the different morbid processes, or to allege with certainty the cause of death. I have thought, therefore, that it would be a subject of interest and perhaps of profit to collate some of the more important facts concerning the etiologic and functional relations of different diseases and pathologic conditions. I can not, in the short time at my disposal upon this occasion, do more than to
Immunocyt and the HA-HAase Urine Tests for the Detection of Bladder Cancer: A Side-by-Side Comparison
Authors: Stefan Hautmann, Marieta Toma, Maria Fernanda Lorenzo Gomez, Martin G. Friedrich, Torsten Jaekel, Uwe Michl, Gretchen L. Schroeder, Hartwig Huland, Klaus-Peter Juenemann, Vinata B. Lokeshwar
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Track patients' BMI and tackle harmful weight gain, says Canadian task force
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Leucotomy means sectioning of white matter. In the original operation a wide cut was made in each frontal lobe to sever the connections between the frontal cortex and the dorsomedian thalamic nuclei. Modifications have aimed at interrupting specific connections of the frontal lobe or at isolating restricted cortical areas believed to be important in generating emotional reactions. For example, a bimedial leucotomy was developed to isolate the medial and inferior portions of the frontal lobes.<sup>1</sup> Other operations isolate the inferior or orbital cortex by incision or stereotaxis,<sup>2–4</sup> or remove the cingulate gyrus under direct vision or destroy it stereotactically.
Evaluation of chronic uremia. Importance of serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and their ratio
Authors: J. D. Kopple
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In chronically uremic men receiving carefully controlled diets of varying protein intake during metabolic study, the ratio of serum urea nitrogen (SUN) to serum creatinine correlated closely with protein intake. This ratio was altered abruptly by even minor catabolic stresses or dehydration. The ratio of SUN to creatinine can be used to estimate the daily protein intake and can indicate the presence of unrecognized catabolic stress. Knowledge of its relation to protein intake can be used to determine the degree of protein restriction required to achieve a certain SUN level. In subjects undergoing periodic hemodialysis, SUN-serum creatinine ratios were lower, and the SUN level was a better indicator of dietary protein intake than the SUN-creatinine ratio.
NADPH-binding component of the respiratory burst oxidase system: studies using neutrophil membranes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease lacking the beta-subunit of cytochrome b558.
Authors: S Tsunawaki, H Mizunari, H Namiki, T Kuratsuji
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The NADPH-binding site of the respiratory burst oxidase system of neutrophils has been proposed to be either at a cytosolic component or at the beta-subunit of cytochrome b558. In this study, affinity labeling of resting and stimulated membranes, the latter having been assembled by all of the oxidase components from both membrane and cytosol, was carried out using [32P]NADPH dialdehyde (oNADPH). Stimulation of human neutrophils with PMA greatly increased O2(-)-generating activity and caused considerable translocation of the cytosolic components p47phox and p67phox. Nevertheless, PMA stimulation did not produce a labeled band which included positions at 47, 67, and approximately 32 kD. The most intense band reflected a molecular mass of 84 kD regardless of the state of activation, but a labeled band was never found near the beta-subunit (91 kD) of cytochrome b558. This 84-kD protein was further confirmed in neutrophils of 14 patients with gp91phox-deficient X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. These results indicate that the NADPH-binding component is not recruited from the cytosol, and also, that a membranous redox component besides cytochrome b558 must be involved in the NADPH oxidase system.
Rim Sign in Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid Hepatic Scintigraphy
Authors: Usha A. Joseph, Bruce J. Barron, Lamk M. Lamki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A case of pericholecystic hyperperfusion on Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) flow images with a pericholecystic rim of increased activity (PCHA) on delayed planar and single-photon emission computed tomography images of the liver was seen in a patient with a history of multiple renal transplants admitted with cramping right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Laparotomy performed 5 days after the scan revealed an acutely perforated gangrenous gallbladder and occluded cystic duct. The secondary findings of gallbladder hyperperfusion and PCHA or "rim sign" have been frequently reported with Tc-99m IDA hepatobiliary imaging. These secondary findings in conjunction with a nonvisualized gallbladder on an IDA scan suggest a complicated or advanced stage of acute cholecystitis and usually require urgent surgical intervention. The rim sign on Tc-99m SC scintigraphy also likely indicates the same grave diagnosis.
Specific Elimination of CD133+ Tumor Cells with Targeted Oncolytic Measles Virus
Authors: Patricia Bach, Tobias Abel, Christopher Hoffmann, Zoltan Gal, Gundula Braun, Iris Voelker, Claudia R. Ball, Ian C.D. Johnston, Ulrich M. Lauer, Christel Herold-Mende, Michael D. Mühlebach, Hanno Glimm, Christian J. Buchholz
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) are critical yet evasive targets for the development of more effective antitumoral strategies. The cell surface marker CD133 is frequently used to identify TICs of various tumor entities, including hepatocellular cancer and glioblastoma. Here, we describe oncolytic measles viruses (MV) retargeted to CD133. The viruses, termed MV-141.7 and MV-AC133, infected and selectively lysed CD133+ tumor cells. Both viruses exerted strong antitumoral effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma growing subcutaneously or multifocally in the peritoneal cavity of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. Notably, the CD133-targeted viruses were more effective in prolonging survival than the parental MV-NSe, which is currently assessed as oncolytic agent in clinical trials. Interestingly, target receptor overexpression or increased spreading kinetics through tumor cells were excluded as being causative for the enhanced oncolytic activity of CD133-targeted viruses. MV-141.7 was also effective in mouse models of orthotopic glioma tumor spheres and primary colon cancer. Our results indicate that CD133-targeted measles viruses selectively eliminate CD133+ cells from tumor tissue, offering a key tool for research in tumor biology and cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 73(2); 865–74. ©2013 AACR.
Evidence based medicine: does it make a difference?
Authors: Ansgar Gerhardus
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Evidence based medicine: does it make a difference? Use wiselyEditor-The term "evidence based medicine" entered the scientific lexicon only a little more than a decade ago. 1 What caused its remarkable spread, and what are the implications of its broad and rapid diffusion?The team that coined the term at first considered using the phrase "scientific medicine" but rejected it because it implied that other approaches were by definition unscientific. 2However, critics have argued that the term evidence based medicine carries a similar moral valence and linguistic slipperiness. 3 Who could argue against the notion of providing care that integrates individual clinical skill and the best external evidence? 4 Originally developed as a method for teaching medical residents, evidence based medicine is being applied ever more broadly to the organisation and delivery of medical services.Multiple stakeholders now seek to assume its mantle for purposes that often contradict its original intent.Managers, equating lack of evidence with lack of effectiveness, use it as a rationale for cutting services.Industry generates evidence of questionable quality to promote its products.Medical researchers come to believe that they hold a monopoly on generating and interpreting evidence.Evidence based medicine, developed as a means of taming the unscientific and messy world of clinical practice, has itself entered the unscientific and messy world of politics. 5ike any technology, evidence based medicine carries risks and benefits and can be used appropriately or inappropriately.Overly inclusive definitions threaten to deprive the term of meaning, and unchecked use increases the risk of misuse.In the past decade, evidence based medicine has contributed much to how we teach, deliver, and think about clinical services.In the coming decade, we must continue to ensure that it is not only used widely but wisely.
Comparison of Indium-111 Platelet Scintigraphy and Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Thrombi
Authors: Michael D. Ezekowitz, Don A. Wilson, Eileen O. Smith, Robert D. Burow, Lynn H. Harrison, Don E. Parker, Ronald C. Elkins, Marvin Peyton, Fletcher B. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

In a study comparing indium-111 platelet scintigraphy and two-dimensional echocardiography as methods of identifying left ventricular thrombi, the results obtained with both techniques were verified at surgery or autopsy in 53 patients — 34 with left ventricular aneurysms, and 19 with mitral-valve disease. Left ventricular thrombi were found at surgery or autopsy in 14 of the patients with aneurysms and in none of those with mitral-valve disease. Thirteen of 53 echocardiograms (25 per cent) were technically inadequate and excluded from the analysis. In the group with aneurysms, the sensitivity of scintigraphy in detecting thrombi was 71 per cent, and that of echocardiography was 77 per cent. The specificity of scintigraphy was 100 per cent, and that of echocardiography was 93 per cent. We conclude that indium-111 platelet scintigraphy and two-dimensional echocardiography have useful and complementary roles in the detection of left ventricular thrombi. Both these noninvasive techniques can be used to monitor therapy. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:1509–13.)
1045-197 Evidence for hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha mediated vascular endothelial growth factor expression in lipid-rich plaque macrophages as link between inflammation and angiogenesis
Authors: Randolph Hutter, Carolina Valdiviezo, Bernhard Sauter, Roberto Corti, Gurusher Panjrath, Francine Carrick, John T Fallon, Valentin Fuster, Juan Jose Badimon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A DEMONSTRATION OF SOME OF THE CAUSES OF ROTARY LATERAL CURVATURE OF THE SPINE.Clinical Lecture delivered at the Jefferson Medical College Hospital.
Authors: H. AUGUSTUS WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1892)

In connection with the anomalous muscular development of the case that Professor Brinton brought before the class last week, I desire to introduce the subject of rotary lateral curvature of the spine, or scoliosis, as introductory to the study of individual cases. You will remember the man had an enormous development of the muscles all over the body, produced, probably, by following some form of the Swedish movements, for his method of bringing into prominence any desired muscle was through the opposing force of other muscles. There is one thing I would ask you to observe, in explanation of the principle upon which this form of gymnastic exercise depends. If I raise my arm simply, I would not do much towards developing my biceps muscle, for it thus simply raises the weight of the forearm. If, however, I will the triceps muscle at the same time, to resist the upward