tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased atherosclerosis in LDL receptor–null mice lacking ACAT1 in macrophages
Authors: Sergio Fazio, Amy S. Major, Larry L. Swift, Linda A. Gleaves, Michel Accad, MacRae F. Linton, Robert V. Farese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

During atherogenesis, circulating macrophages migrate into the subendothelial space, internalize cholesterol-rich lipoproteins, and become foam cells by progressively accumulating cholesterol esters. The inhibition of macrophage acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), which catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters, has been proposed as a strategy to reduce foam cell formation and to treat atherosclerosis. We show here, however, that hypercholesterolemic LDL receptor–deficient (LDLR–/–) mice reconstituted with ACAT1-deficient macrophages unexpectedly develop larger atherosclerotic lesions than control LDLR–/– mice. The ACAT1-deficient lesions have reduced macrophage immunostaining and more free cholesterol than control lesions. Our findings suggest that selective inhibition of ACAT1 in lesion macrophages in the setting of hyperlipidemia can lead to the accumulation of free cholesterol in the artery wall, and that this promotes, rather than inhibits, lesion development.
Hepatic Tuberculosis Mimics Metastasis Revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xiaoyan Wang, Xinchong Shi, Chang Yi, Zhifeng Chen, Bing Zhang, Xiangsong Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis can affect almost any organ in the body. Here, we report a rare case of primary hepatic tuberculosis presented as multiple hepatic lesions and enlarged lymph nodes in the retroperitoneum and porta hepatis. PET/CT imaging showed avid FDG uptake by these lesions but did not find any definite primary malignancy. Finally, a diagnosis of primary hepatic tuberculosis was made with histopathologic examination.
An Official American Thoracic Society Policy Statement: Managing Conscientious Objections in Intensive Care Medicine
Authors: Mithya Lewis-Newby, Mark Wicclair, Thaddeus Pope, Cynda Rushton, Farr Curlin, Douglas Diekema, Debbie Durrer, William Ehlenbach, Wanda Gibson-Scipio, Bradford Glavan, Rabbi Levi Langer, Constantine Manthous, Cecile Rose, Anthony Scardella, Hasan Shanawani, Mark D. Siegel, Scott D. Halpern, Robert D. Truog, Douglas B. White
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<ContentsOverviewIntroductionMethodsEthical Analysis of COs i...RecommendationsKey Components of Institu...ConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Acid perfusion of duodenal ulcer craters and ulcer pain: a controlled double blind study.
Authors: J Y Kang, I Yap, R Guan, H H Tay
Journal: Gut (1986)

Although early studies attributed an important role to acid in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer pain, recent reports are conflicting. The aim of the present study is to determine whether direct acidification of the duodenal ulcer crater in symptomatic patients reproduces ucler pain. Patients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcers were studied. No premedication or sedation was given. A washing tube was passed via the endoscope and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid as well as normal saline were sequentially administered on to the ulcer crater, the sequence of infusion being randomised and double blind. Forty patients were studied. Sixteen developed typical ulcer pain during acid infusion compared with four with saline (p less than 0.005). Ten patients who developed pain on acid were rechallenged with acid after their pains disappeared. Typical pain recurred in all. Twenty patients without duodenal ulcer did not develop pain when 200 ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid was infused into the duodenum. Acid therefore appears to have a definite role in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer pain although other factors may also be important.
Diffusion of oxygen through the mouse ear
Authors: N.T.S. EVANS, P.F.D. NAYLOR, G. ROWLINSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Oxygen tension differences across the mouse ear have been measured polarographically under conditions of no blood flow. For some experiments the ear was split into two by cleavage along the central cartilage plate, and the diffusion of oxygen measured in both directions across these asymmetrical preparations. Measurements were also made on ears from which the stratum corneum had been removed by stripping with Sellotape. It was possible to relate these results to a simple multi‐layer diffusion model. The main barrier to diffusion of oxygen resides in the stratum corneum, whose permeability is estimated to be 1.2 × 10−8 ml O2 atm−1 cm−1 s−1. The permeability of the rest of the ear is 4.7 × 10−7 ml O2 atm −1 cm−1 s−1. The inhibition of tissue respiration by the local injection of solutions of sodium amytal, potassium eyanide and other substances reduced the oxygen gradients by factors of between 3 and 7. Cooling the ear from room temperature to o C reduced the gradients by a factor of about 4.
Effect of Inhaled Steroids on the Course of Asthma
Authors: David L. Hahn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 November 1993Effect of Inhaled Steroids on the Course of AsthmaDavid L. Hahn, MDDavid L. Hahn, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Kerstjens and associates [1] found no effect after 18 months of inhaled steroids on the decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in a randomized, controlled trial that included a similar number of patients treated with inhaled steroids. However, Dompeling and coworkers [2] reported a significantly slower rate of decline in prebronchodilator FEV1 during 18 months of inhaled corticosteroid treatment in 56 patients with asthma (n = 28) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 28), compared with the same group before initiation of inhaled steroid treatment. They interpreted this result as evidence that ...References1. Kerstjens HA, Brand PL, Hughes MD, Robinson NJ, Postma DS, Sluiter HL, et al. A comparison of bronchodilator therapy with or without inhaled corticosteroid therapy for obstructive airways disease. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:1413-9. Google Scholar2. Dompeling E, van Schayck CP, van Grunsven PM, van Herwaarden CL, Akkermans R, Molema J, et al. Slowing the deterioration of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease observed during bronchodilator therapy by adding inhaled corticosteroids. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:770-8. Google Scholar3. American Thoracic Society. Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretive strategies. Am J Respir Dis. 1991; 144: 1202-18. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David L. Hahn, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byChlamydia pneumoniae and airway remodelingRole of Chlamydia pneumoniae as an Inducer of Asthma 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10 Page: 1051-1052 Keywords Asthma Bronchodilators Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Corticosteroid therapy Extrapolation Forced expiratory volume Forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration Lungs Patients Steroids ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
279 Isolation of multipotent stem cells from placenta
Authors: T MIKI, T LEHMANN, H CAI, S STROM
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Background/Aims: Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer have been linked to the exposure of environmental chemicals (xenobiotics), which generally require metabolic activation to highly reactive toxic or carcinogenic intermediates. The primary enzyme system involved is made up of numerous cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases (CYP). Glutathione S-transferases (GST) belong to the enzyme systems that catalyze the conjugation of the reactive intermediates produced by CYPs to less toxic or readily excretable metabolites. Because the majority of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancers develop in the organ's head, we compared the expression of selected CYP and GST enzymes between the tissues deriving from the ventral anlage (head) and dorsal anlage (corpus, tail). Methods: A total of 20 normal pancreatic tissue specimen from organ donors and early autopsy cases were processed immunohistochemically by using antibodies to CYP 1A1, 1A2, 2B6, 2C8/9/19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A1, 3A2 and 3A4, GST-α, GST-μ and GST-π, and the NADPH cytochrome P450 oxido-reductase (NA-OR), the specificity of which has been verified in our previous study by Western blot and RT-PCR analyses. Results: In all pancreatic regions, most of the enzymes were expressed in islet cells. However, more islets in the head region expressed CYP 2B6, 2C8/9/19, 2E1 and the NA-OR, than those in the body and tail. Moreover, the expression of CYP 2B6 and 2E1 was restricted to the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells, and the concentration of CYP 3A1 and 3A4 was stronger in PP cells than in other islet cells. On the other hand, GST-μ and GST-π were expressed primarily in islet cells of the body and tail. Conclusion: The greater content of xenobiotic-metabolizing and carcinogen-activating CYP enzymes and a lower expression of detoxifying GST enzymes in the head of the pancreas could be one reason for the greater susceptibility of this region for inflammatory and malignant diseases.
Synovial rupture of the elbow joint.
Authors: J D Goode
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

Acute synovial rupture in rheumatoid arthritis was first described by Dixon and Grant (1964).Five of six patients developed rupture at the knee joint.Typically pain suddenly occurred behind the knee and radiated into the calf.The effusion lessened or disappeared and caused painful swelling of the calf mimicking deep vein thrombosis.One patient developed indurated tender oedema of the hand and forearm associated with disappearance of an exten- sor sheath effusion.Further reports have been confined to synovial rupture at the knee.Tait, Bach, and Dixon (1965) reported five cases, and showed the value of arthrography in confirming the diagnosis.Hall and Scott (1966) described four examples as well as three cases of chronic calf cysts, two of which formed after acute episodes.The diagnosis of synovial rupture is easily missed and occurs in joints other than the knee.This paper reports its occurrence at the elbow joint in six patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Material and MethodsSix patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arth- ritis (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and Jessar, 1959) were studied (see Table I).The affected elbows showed flexion contractures of 300 or more, and a definite effusion was present in all but one patient.
A Novel Approach to the Temporary Control of Intractable Bone Pain
Authors: Jack I. Zweig
Journal: JAMA (1980)

When treating patients with intractable bone pain secondary to bone metastasis from cancer, we have found that the injection of 2% lidocaine directly into the metastatic bone lesion will give prompt pain relief to some patients. Those who respond will then get prolonged pain relief lasting from 24 to 72 hours when reinjected with a mixture of 2% lidocaine and penicillin G procaine, 600,000 unitsμL. Lesions of the spine should not be treated with this method. (<i>JAMA</i>244:2445, 1980)
Increased mortality in toxic epidermal necrolysis with thalidomide: corroborating or exonerating the pathogenetic role of TNF-<i>α</i> ?
Authors: M.R. Namazi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, I read with great interest the article by Chave et al.,1‘Toxic epidermal necrolysis: current evidence, practical management and future directions’, which appeared in the August 2005 issue of the British Journal of Dermatology. Referring twice to a randomized, placebo‐controlled study by Wolkenstein et al.2 showing increased mortality in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with the use of thalidomide, a TNF‐α inhibitor, Chave et al. support the notion that TNF could be antiapoptotic in this condition. However, the referenced work is not supportive of this notion at all—in fact, it supports the opposite notion, i.e. the pathogenetic involvement of TNF in TEN. Wolkenstein et al.’s data suggest that thalidomide does not inhibit TNF‐α production in TEN, rather, it might result in the paradoxical overproduction of it. In this study, plasma concentrations of this cytokine tended to increase after treatment with thalidomide in comparison with the placebo group. A similar unexpected increase in TNF‐α has been observed in the thalidomide therapy of oral aphthous ulcers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.3
Neuronal basis of dreaming and mentation during slow-wave (non-REM) sleep
Authors: M. Steriade
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Although the cerebral cortex is deprived of messages from the external world in REM sleep and because these messages are inhibited in the thalamus, cortical neurons display high rates of spontaneous firing and preserve their synaptic excitability to internally generated signals during this sleep stage. The rich activity of neocortical neurons during NREM sleep consists of prolonged spike-trains that impose rhythmic excitation onto connected cells in the network, eventually leading to a progressive increase in their synaptic responsiveness, as in plasticity processes. Thus, NREM sleep may be implicated in the consolidation of memory traces acquired during wakefulness. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Vertes &amp; Eastman]
Annular Plaques With Raised Erythematous-Violaceous Borders on the Face and Torso
Authors: Michael Cunningham, Ryan Rogers, Laura Greene
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Lyn-mediated SHP-1 recruitment to CD5 contributes to resistance to apoptosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: E Tibaldi, A M Brunati, F Zonta, F Frezzato, C Gattazzo, R Zambello, E Gringeri, G Semenzato, M A Pagano, L Trentin
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Hypomethylating drugs convert HA-1–negative solid tumors into targets for stem cell–based immunotherapy
Authors: Lothar Hambach, Kam-Wing Ling, Jos Pool, Zohara Aghai, Els Blokland, Hans J. Tanke, Jan A. Bruijn, Hans Halfwerk, Hester van Boven, Brigitte Wieles, Els Goulmy
Journal: Blood (2008)
Cholesterol reduction improves myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease and average cholesterol levels
Authors: Jose M Mostaza, Marı́a V Gomez, Felix Gallardo, Marı́a L Salazar, Raquel Martı́n-Jadraque, Leandro Plaza-Celemı́n, Isidoro Gonzalez-Maqueda, Luı́s Martı́n-Jadraque
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DILANTIN SODIUM AND PHENOBARBITAL IN A GROUP OF EPILEPTICS
Authors: J. WEINBERG, H. H. GOLDSTEIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

1. A comparative study of the effectiveness of phenobarbital and dilantin-sodium on a group of chronic epileptics whose average duration of illness has been 15.6 years was undertaken. While phenobarbital has proven beneficial in most cases, the best results were obtained by using dilantin-sodium, as on the latter drug 40 per cent showed a complete cessation of seizures for a period of three to six months and 13.3 per cent showed a marked diminution in the number of convulsive responses, or a total of 53.3 per cent of improvement. 2. Complications ranging from slight myoclonic tremors to frank psychotic episodes occurred. However, most of them cleared upon withdrawal of the drug or diminution of the dosage. 3. In the treatment of epileptics, the therapy of choice varies with the individual. In our series of cases, dilantin-sodium has been the medication of choice despite its complications and has proven its worth as a valuable adjunct in the treatment of epileptics.
An unusual presentation of Trichophyton violaceum infection
Authors: A. KAMALAM, PATRICK YESUDIAN, A.S. THAMBIAH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

A case with encapsulated Tricophyton violaceum abscesses in the skin is recorded. Defective cell mediated immunity was shown in the patient and in his two cousins. This defect combined with malnutrition, hypoadrenalism and griseofulvin resistance gave unusual lesions and chronicity. A probable genetic factor for the defective cell mediated immunity is postulated.
Tc-99m DMSA SPECT Imaging in Patients With Acute Symptoms or History of UTI Comparison With Ultrasonography
Authors: SUZANNE T. MASTIN, WALTER E. DRANE, ABDOLLAH IRAVANI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Although planar cortical scintigraphy has been demonstrated to be a sensitive test for the detection of renal infection and scarring, one criticism has been radiation dose to the renal cortex. Recent studies of cortical SPECT suggest a sensitivity for detection of lesions equal to, or greater than, that of planar scans. The authors prospectively performed SPECT scans on 36 patients referred for recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) (11 of 36), or recent onset of symptoms of UTI (25/36) after 30–40% of the standard 130 MBq (3.5 mCI) adult dose of Tc-99m DMSA was administered. Comparison was made with ultrasonography (US) performed at, or near, the same time. Of 67 kidneys evaluated, 34 (51%) demonstrated focal cortical loss on Tc-99m DMSA scintigraphy, 1 kidney was small in size, and 32 kidneys were normal. Abnormalities were noticed in only 13 (19%) of kidneys on US. Previously, US has been the primary imaging modality in the evaluation of the young patient with UTI. Triple-headed Tc-99m DMSA SPECT scintigraphy is a more sensitive, low-dose (12 mGy, 1.2 r) method of detecting renal cortical abnormalities. As such, it is a more appropriate test for identifying sites of cortical infection and scarring and for following patients on prophylactic therapy for evidence of asymptomatic breakthrough infections.
Epidermal and dermal distribution of a myelomonocytic antigen (L1) shared by epithelial cells in various inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Tor-Øivind Gabrielsen, Inge Dale, Per Brandtzaeg, Per S. Hoel, Magne K. Fagerhol, Tove Eeg Larsen, Per O. Thune
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1986)
Effect of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine on Coronary Circulation
Authors: ROBERT M. BERNE
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Studies on the intracoronary administration of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the beating, fibrillating or potassium-arrested dog heart indicate that the primary action of these compounds on the coronary vessels is vasoconstriction. The vasodilation observed with epinephrine and norepinephrine is probably secondary to the increased rate of myocardial metabolism induced by these drugs.
Chlorthalidone-Induced Hypercalcemia
Authors: Fred J. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The diuretic hydrochlorothiazide has been found to increase serum calcium levels and even to cause frank hypercalcemia in patients with a variety of diseases as well as in normal subjects. The mechanism for this hypercalcemic effect is not known but appears to require the presence of the parathyroid glands. The following is a report of a patient who appears to have hypercalcemia secondary to the use of the diuretic chlorthalidone (Hygroton). <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 42-year-old woman had been treated for mild labile hypertension for three years with chlorthalidone, 25 mg every other day. She had a history of tension headaches and mild anxiety reactions. One year prior to her initial clinic visit, the patient's serum calcium level was 10.8 mg/100 ml, and ten months later, 10.6 mg/100 ml. When seen in the endocrinology clinic in December 1973 because of general fatigue and occipital headaches, she
THE RELATION OF DISEASES OF THE SKIN TO GENERAL CONDITIONS.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The modern division of the practice of medicine and surgery into many specialties has been a natural and legitimate sequence to the marvelous development of the science and the art of healing which has been made in late years. The sum total of medical knowledge in various lines has now become so great and extended that few if any can hope to compass and apply it to all satisfactorily in a lifetime; and the development of specialism in the medical profession (as in many other branches of science) has both contributed to this development and has facilitated the practical application of knowledge and experience along many lines. The advances which have been made in connection with medicine and surgery, largely by specialization of work, compare favorably with those obtained in other lines of human activity, even in this age of steam and electricity. But, on the other hand, all thoughtful
Response to Open Commentaries for “Propranolol and the Prevention of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Is It Wrong to Erase the ‘Sting’ of Bad Memories?”
Authors: Michael Henry, Jennifer R. Fishman, Stuart J. Youngner
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

We are happy to have this opportunity to respond to the very thoughtful and interesting open peer commentaries. While we will not have the space to engage with each commentator individually, we hav...
Japan's suicide rate is expected to rise after triple disasters in March
Authors: G. Blair
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Aid agencies are warning that the already high suicide rate in Japan is likely to spike in the next few months as people affected by the triple disasters of the earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear reactor incident see little improvement in their lives.

The number of suicides in Japan has stayed at more than 30 000 a year (24 for every 100 000 people) for more than a decade, despite a series of measures to try to reduce it, involving local governments, non-profit organisations, and medical professionals. 

Numbers of suicides rose after the Kobe earthquake in 1995, which killed nearly 6500 people. However, the scale of the destruction after the 11 March tsunami, which affected 800 km of Japan’s northeast coast and resulted in an ongoing nuclear crisis, has affected many more people this time ( BMJ 2011;342:d1859, doi:10.1136/bmj.d1859).

In addition to the almost 20 000 people killed by the tsunami …