tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD40 antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced rat colitis
Authors: D Gao
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> CD154/CD40 interactions play a pivotal role both in humoral and cellular immune responses. Their involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been revealed by increased expression of CD40 and CD154 in the inflamed mucosa of patients and the therapeutic effects of anti-CD154 antibodies in experimental colitis. Because of adverse side effects however, the use of such antibodies in patients with IBD may be limited. <b>Aims:</b> An alternative approach to blocking CD154/CD40 interactions by employing a CD40 antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) was explored. <b>Results:</b> After sequencing of the rat CD40 gene, five antisense ODNs were designed, of which one (rAS3) effectively downregulated CD40 expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells as well as the subsequent changes in gene expression in response to CD40 stimulation. The therapeutic potency of rAS3 was evaluated in the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis model of the rat. Single intracolonic injection of a liposomal formulation of rAS3 either prior to or post colitis induction markedly suppressed the inflammatory reaction in these animals monitored both macroscopically and microscopically over one week, while application of a scrambled control ODN had no such effects. Moreover, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed reduced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, interleukin 12 p40, and monocyte chemoatractive protein 1 in the inflamed mucosa, which in turn may have contributed to the decrease in leucocyte infiltration judged by immunohistochemistry. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that CD40 antisense ODNs effectively interfere with CD154/CD40 interactions in vivo and, therefore, may provide a novel approach to the treatment of patients with chronic IBD.
Clinical Examination Reliably Detects Intrinsic Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Critically Ill, Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: JOHN P. KRESS, MICHAEL F. O'CONNOR, GREGORY A. SCHMIDT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation often develop intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi). Methods for its detection include an expiratory flow waveform display (not always available), an esophageal pressure transducer (invasive), or a relaxed or paralyzed patient. We sought to determine the accuracy of clinical examination for detecting PEEPi. Examiners blinded to waveform analysis assessed patients for the presence of PEEPi by inspection/palpation and auscultation. If either inspection/palpation or auscultation demonstrated PEEPi, it was said to be present by clinical exam. Clinicians with various levels of experience (attending, resident, student) made 503 observations of 71 patients. Sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and likelihood ratios were determined for inspection/palpation, auscultation, and clinical exam. PEEPi was present during 69.8% of observations. SENS, SPEC, and PPV of clinical exam were 0.72, 0.91, and 0.95 respectively for the examiners as a whole. Likelihood ratio for PEEPi detection by clinical exam was 8.35. Attending intensivists displayed SPEC and PPV of 1.0. NPV was only 0.58 (likelihood ratio 0.31). We conclude that the clinical exam is very good for detecting PEEPi at all experience levels; and further, that the clinical exam is only modestly useful for ruling out PEEPi, therefore, other tests should be used if PEEPi is not detected by clinical exam.
Yaws or syphilis?
Authors: J Jefferiss
Journal: BMJ (1979)

histamines, which were significantly associated with motorcycle accidents (although not with road accidents of all types).Dr Wheatley repeats his previous assertion' that general practitioners usually warn patients about possible effects of tranquillisers on driving skills, but he does not cite any evi- dence to support it.Unfortunately, the type of warning that he describes could not be relied on to prevent accidents, because it is postulated that tranquillisers "produce subtle effects undetected by the patient."In tests of low- speed vehicle handling, Betts and his col-leagues2 showed that drivers whose performance was affected by tranquillisers did not experience subjective effects.
Thrombocytopenia in an adult
Authors: J. Thachil, D. Fitzmaurice
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 40 year old woman visits her general practitioner with symptoms of dyspepsia and increasing tiredness. On a routine blood count, her platelet count is noted to be 40×109/L with normal haemoglobin and white cell count. She has no medical history and is not taking any medication. Clinical examination reveals no bruises or bleeding. Ask about recent or current symptoms of bleeding, which are commonly epistaxis or easy bruising with minor trauma. Haematuria and gastrointestinal bleeding are unusual, but menorrhagia can be a common symptom. In general, a platelet count above 30×109/L is unlikely to cause bleeding unless abnormal platelet function exists in the form of antiplatelet agents or myelodysplasia. Substantial bleeding tends to happen only if the count drops much below 20×109/L. Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopenia usually occurs only with platelet counts less than 10×109/L. Further questions may be directed to identifying the possible causes of thrombocytopenia. ### Pointers to diagnosis
Staged Pendulous-Prostatic Anastomotic Urethroplasty Followed By Reconstruction of the Anterior Urethra: An Effective Treatment for Long-Segment Bulbar and Membranous Urethral Stricture
Authors: Deng-Long Wu, San-Bao Jin, Juan Zhang, Yong Chen, Chong-Rui Jin, Yue-Min Xu
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Reciprocal change in ST segment in acute myocardial infarction: correlation with findings on exercise electrocardiography and coronary angiography.
Authors: F Akhras, J Upward, G Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The clinical relevance of reciprocal changes in the ST segment occurring at the time of acute myocardial infarction was studied prospectively in 85 consecutive uncomplicated cases. Reciprocal depression of the ST segment was defined as depression of 1 mm or more in electrocardiogram leads other than those reflecting the infarct. All patients underwent maximal, symptom limited treadmill stress testing two weeks after the infarct and coronary angiography six weeks after infarction. Forty six patients had inferior, 34 anterior, and five true posterior infarction. Of the 51 patients with reciprocal changes, 45 (88%) developed exercise induced ST segment depression in areas remote from the infarction zone. At angiography all 45 patients were shown to have stenoses greater than 70% in at least two major vessels. Four patients had negative exercise electrocardiograms and were sequently shown to have single vessel disease subtending their infarct, and the remaining two patients had a false negative treadmill test result. Of the 27 patients without reciprocal changes, 21 (78%) had negative treadmill stress test results associated with single vessel coronary disease. Five had positive stress test results and multivessel coronary disease, and one had a false negative stress test result. The remaining seven patients had ST segment elevation without Q wave formation in the reciprocal areas and were assessed separately. Of these, six had positive stress test results and multivessel coronary disease and one had a negative stress test result and single vessel coronary disease to the infarct area. Twenty one patients with anterior infarcts (62%) and 27 with inferior infarcts (59%) had reciprocal changes. No differences emerged in the relation between infarct site, reciprocal change, and presence of additional coronary disease. At follow up of the 51 patients with reciprocal changes in the ST segment 36 had become symptomatic, of whom 29 had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. By contrast, only four of the 27 patients without reciprocal changes in the ST segment had developed symptoms, and two of these had undergone coronary revascularisation. Reciprocal ST segment depression at the time of acute myocardial infarction may identify patients with severe coronary disease who are at risk of subsequent cardiac events and appears to be as reliable as results of early postinfarction treadmill stress testing in predicting the underlying coronary anatomy. When the electrocardiogram does not show reciprocal changes treadmill testing provides valuable additional information.
Intestinal Tolerance Requires Gut Homing and Expansion of FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells in the Lamina Propria
Authors: Usriansyah Hadis, Benjamin Wahl, Olga Schulz, Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski, Angela Schippers, Norbert Wagner, Werner Müller, Tim Sparwasser, Reinhold Förster, Oliver Pabst
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Should both regional deformation and velocity of deformation be measured to characterize changes in myocardial deformation induced by alterations in inotropic states and heart rate?
Authors: Frank Weidemann, Fadi Jamal, Piet Claus, Miroslaw Kowalski, Liv Hatle, Ivan De Scheerder, Frank Rademakers, Bart Bijnens, George R. Sutherland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Reply to W. Wick et al
Authors: Henry S. Friedman, Michael D. Prados, Patrick Y. Wen, Tom Mikkelsen, David Schiff, Lauren E. Abrey, W.K. Alfred Yung, Nina Paleologos, Martin K. Nicholas, Randy Jensen, James Vredenburgh, Jane Huang, Maoxia Zheng, Timothy Cloughesy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
CEPHALÆMATOMA OF THE NEW-BORN.
Authors: C. W. EARLE
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read before the Section on Diseases of Children.] This is a soft, elastic, fluctuating tumor, generally painless, and situated upon one of the cranial bones. It takes place, it seems to me, with somewhat greater frequency than the literature of the subject would lead us to suppose. I have already seen six cases in twelve years' practice. It is stated by most writers, that in the great majority of cases, indeed in almost all, the tumors have been upon the right parietal bone, inasmuch as it is this bone that is exposed to the pressure of the rigid os uteri in the greatest number of deliveries. Contrary to the experience of other observers, five cases which I have seen have taken place upon the left parietal bone and one on the right. It has, in a few cases, been noticed upon both of the parietal bones, although this has not
Search for viral nucleic sequences in rheumatoid cells.
Authors: M Norval, C Smith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

DNA and RNA were extracted from synovial membranes, synovial fibroblast cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and synovial fibroblast cells strains derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other joint conditions. They were hybridised after immobilisation on nitrocellulose filters with iodinated viral nucleic acids extracted from measles, rubella virus, SV--40, and a retrovirus, RD--114. In addition, in situ-hybridisation was carried out on sections of synovial membranes by means of iodinated measles and rubella virus RNA. In no case did any hybridisation occur. Positive control systems included synovial fibroblast strains transformed with SV--40, LLC--MK2 cells chronically infected with rubella virus and RD cells infected with RD--114. It was concluded tht the synovial cells did not contain viral genomes of measles, rubella virus, SV--40, or RD--114, or at least at a level equivalent to the positive control cells.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF ECG QRS SCORE IN ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT CLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Nathan Mewton, David G. Strauss, Raimond Winslow, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Robyn McClelland, Joao AC Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduced morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure
Authors: James M. Brophy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation GISSI-HF Investigators. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372:1223-30. 18757090
Combination Immunosuppressive Therapy after Factor VIII Infusion for Acquired Factor VIII Inhibitor
Authors: Eric C-Y. Lian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of combined cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) therapy after antigenic stimulation with factor VIII in the eradication of factor VIII inhibitor. Design: Factor VIII activity and inhibitor titer were measured before and after FVIII-CVP therapy and patients with factor VIII inhibitor were followed for at least 2 years. Setting: The first course of therapy was carried out in the hospital when nonhemophiliac patients were admitted for bleeding. Otherwise, treatment was administered at the outpatient clinic. Patients: From 1975 to 1986 we studied 12 nonhemophiliac and 5 hemophiliac patients with factor VIII inhibitor treated with FVIII-CVP and followed at our clinic. Intervention: Patients were infused with one dose of factor VIII concentrate, 50 to 100 U/kg body weight, followed by cyclophosphamide, 500 mg on day 1 and 200 mg/d on days 2 to 5; vincristine, 2 mg on day 1; and prednisone, 100 mg/d on days 1 to 5. This regimen was repeated every 3 to 4 weeks. Results: Of 12 nonhemophiliac patients, 11 responded after 1 to 3 courses of FVIII-CVP with complete disappearance of the inhibitor without recurrence. Among 5 patients with hemophilia who were given 3 to 8 courses, only 1 patient responded with a transient disappearance of inhibitor. Mild neutropenia and infection occurred in 3 patients and required antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: Factor VIII-CVP therapy is highly effective in the eradication of factor VIII inhibitor in nonhemophiliac patients but not in patients with hemophilia.
CONCERNING THE POSSIBILITY OF AN ANTIBODY FOR THE TETANOPHILE RECEPTOR OF ERYTHROCYTES: A RECEPTOR STUDY
Authors: H. T. Ricketts
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1905)

The treatment of washed erythrocytes of the guinea-pig by a heated immune hemolytic serum derived from the rabbit, and of washed erythrocytes of the sheep by a similar serum derived from the goat, renders the erythrocytes more or less resistant to the subsequent action of tetanolysin. If all the serum is removed from corpuscles treated in this manner, it can be determined that some of the protection is due to the agglutination of the cells. A certain amount of the protection afforded by agglutination is referable to the physical barrier which the agglutinated mass of cells offers to the uniform distribution and diffusion of the tetanolysin. It is probable that none of the protection obtained is due to the mere union of agglutinin or of hemolytic amboceptors with their respective cell-receptors; such union would appear to leave the tetanophile receptors still unoccupied. If a residuum of serum is left with the corpuscles which have been treated as indicated, the added protection which is acquired against the subsequent action of tetanolysin may reasonably be referred to antitoxin which is present in the residual serum. The possibility of the dissociation of a union between the tetanophile receptor and its antibody, occasioned by the dilution incident to washing away the serum, may not be entirely ignored, but has not been susceptible to determination. The same may be said of the possibility that tetanolysin, having a stronger affinity for the tetanophile receptor than has the antibody, is able to displace the latter from its union with the receptor. Hence treating corpuscles with the immune serums does not allow one to determine the presence or absence of an antibody for the tetanophile receptor, the experiments being formulated on the supposition that such an antibody would unite with the tetanophile receptors and thereby prevent subsequent binding of tetanolysin.
Albuminuria in Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jay M. Sosenko, Dongsheng Hu, Tom Welty, Barbara V. Howard, Elisa Lee, David C. Robbins
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

It is not known how frequently abnormal albumin excretion occurs in the initial years after the onset of type 2 diabetes and to what extent its occurrence is related to the severity of diabetes. We have used a prospective cohort study to examine this.A total of 782 participants from the Strong Heart Study who had normal glucose tolerance and normal albumin excretion (albumin-to-creatinine ratio <30 mg albumin/g creatinine) at baseline were assessed for diabetes and abnormal albumin excretion at a follow-up visit (interval 3.91 +/- 0.95 years, mean +/- SD). Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations.Abnormal albumin excretion was detected in 52 (6.6%) and diabetes was determined to be present in 105 (13.4%) of the participants at the follow-up visit. In univariate analyses, abnormal albumin excretion was statistically significantly related to the baseline albumin-to-creatinine ratio, diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, and extent of American Indian heritage. Abnormal albumin excretion was much more prevalent in those with recent onset diabetes at the follow-up visit (18 vs. 5%, P < 0.001). In a logistic regression analysis, abnormal albumin excretion and diabetes remained strongly related (odds ratio 3.45, P < 0.001), and associations of abnormal albumin excretion with baseline albumin-to-creatinine ratio, blood pressure, and American Indian heritage also remained significant in a separate logistic regression analysis, including only those who developed diabetes. There was a strong association between abnormal albumin excretion and fasting glucose levels (<0.01) at the follow-up visit.These data suggest that an appreciable percentage of individuals develop abnormal albumin excretion within the first few years after the onset of type 2 diabetes. Also, the severity of diabetes at onset appears to be a key risk factor for the early development of abnormal albumin excretion.
Pertussis Vaccine — An Analysis of Benefits, Risks and Costs
Authors: Jeffrey P. Koplan, Stephen C. Schoenbaum, Milton C. Weinstein, David W. Fraser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Using decision analysis, we estimated the benefits, risks and costs of routine childhood immunization against pertussis. Without an immunization program, we predict that there would be a 71-fold increase in cases and an almost fourfold increase in deaths (2.0 to 7.6) per cohort of one million children. With a vaccination program, we predict 0.1 case of encephalitis associated with pertussis and five cases of post-vaccination encephalitis; without a program, there would be only 2.3 cases of encephalitis associated with pertussis. Community vaccination would reduce by 61 per cent the costs related to pertussis. Our analysis supports continuation of vaccination in routine childhood immunization programs, but suggests the need for more reliable data on complications from the vaccine, further study of the epidemiology of pertussis and development of a less toxic vaccine.
Effect of house dust mite avoidance measures in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: G. Ricci, A. Patrizi, F. Specchia, L. Menna, P. Bottau, V. D’Angelo, M. Masi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Effect of house dust mite avoidance measures in children with atopic dermatitis Get access G. Ricci, G. Ricci Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy Dr Giampaolo Ricci. E‐mail: ricci@med.unibo.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Patrizi, A. Patrizi Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Specchia, F. Specchia Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Menna, L. Menna Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Bottau, P. Bottau Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. D'Angelo, V. D'Angelo Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Masi M. Masi Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 2, 1 August 2000, Pages 379–384, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03666.x Published: 01 August 2000
Ibuprofen or Aspirin in Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy
Authors: Wilbur J. Blechman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal drug with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties that was recently introduced for use in antiarthritis therapy in the United States. In a year-long double-blind multiclinic trial in 885 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ibuprofen was at least as satisfactory as aspirin, considering both efficacy and tolerance. In the majority of patients, daily doses ranged from 800 to 1,600 mg of ibuprofen and 3 to 6 gm of aspirin. The drugs did not differ greatly in providing relief from arthritis symptoms, but ibuprofen was definitely better tolerated, especially in regard to gastrointestinal complaints. Seven percent of the ibuprofen group dropped out of the study because of adverse reactions, as compared with 16% of the aspirin group; 17% of the ibuprofen group and 31% of the aspirin group had gastrointestinal symptoms. (<i>JAMA</i>233:336-339, 1975)
US doctors lobby for end to torture of terrorism suspects
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors and human rights activists in the United States have formed an alliance to help push through legislation that would outlaw extraordinary rendition, the practice of sending suspected terrorists to nations that still carry out torture during interrogation.

Physicians for Human Rights, Amnesty International, and allied groups held a workshop in Washington, DC, this week to plan how they might lobby their elected officials to enact the new law, which was introduced last year.

Speaking at the workshop, Steven Xenakis, a retired brigadier general and currently director of child and adolescent psychiatry …