tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Cortisone Treatment of Hypopituitarism
Authors: H. L. Sheehan, V. K. Summers
Journal: BMJ (1954)

BRITISH 723 and for three weeks.During this period each dose is ad- justed in terms of response to previous doses-a kind of biological assay.The patient thereby gains a considerable insight into the principles underlying treatment.After the initial three weeks the patient attends the hypertensive clinic-weekly at first and later at longer intervals.Occa- sional all-day tests are made, but most of the control at this stage is in torms of hypotensive symptoms.Casual blood pressures are taken, but they are of very little use in the control of dosage.Quite high blood pressures may be encountered in out-patients whose blood pressure, with methonium, is satisfactory under home conditions.Summary On three and a half year's experience it appears already that the prognosis of malignant hypertension is much improved by effective control over the blood- pressure level by the administration of methonium salts.The result of treating all of 28 malignant hypertensive patients, including seven with substantial renal insuffi- ciency or advanced heart failure, is that 21 are living and seven dead.The average survival time of those who died is 9.7 months and of those who are still alive 22.8 months.A considerable majority of the survivors are leading productive lives, the men working at their previous occupations and the women doing housework.In hypertensive patients with retinal grades II and III, taken together, the mortality figures are better in 122 treated cases (16.4%) than in 53 controls (28.2%), but no claim of statistical significance is made.Objective improvements include: (a) the dis- appearance in most cases of such changes as papill- oedema, retinal oedema, soft exudates, haemorrhages, and, after long treatment, of star-shaped macular figures ; (b) the return to work of most patients under 60 presenting with malignant hypertension, cardiac asthma, or congestive heart failure, including in most instances the elimination of the use of digitalis, mersalyl, or substantial salt restriction; and (c) the electrocardio-
Clinical effects of viral relapse after interferon plus ribavirin in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus
Authors: Juan Berenguer, Julio Alvarez-Pellicer, Ana Carrero, Miguel A. Von Wichmann, José López-Aldeguer, Josep Mallolas, María J. Galindo, Eva Van Den Eynde, María J. Téllez, Carmen Quereda, Cristina Tural, José Sanz, Carlos Barros, Ignacio Santos, Federico Pulido, Josep M. Guardiola, Enrique Ortega, Rafael Rubio, Juan J. Jusdado, María L. Montes, Gabriel Gaspar, Elena Barquilla, José M. Bellón, Juan González-García
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Familial Atrial Dysrhythmia with A-V Block
Authors: FERNANDO AMAT-Y-LEON, ANTHONY J. RACKI, PABLO DENES, ROBERT E. TEN EICK, DONALD H. SINGER, SAROJA BHARATI, MAURICE LEV, KENNETH M. ROSEN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

This study is of a family with a syndrome of atrial fibrillation or flutter with advanced or complete atrioventricular (A-V) block, involving four members in two generations. Less serious arrhythmias were documented in another 15 members (three generations). Inheritance was by autosomal dominance with varying degrees of expression. An atrial biopsy was obtained in one of the members, a 40-year-old female who had atrial flutter with advanced A-V block proximal to the His bundle (H-V interval of 39 msec). Intracellular action potential (IAP) recordings from this tissue revealed: 1) partially depolarized cells with depressed IAP amplitude, 2) phase IV diastolic depolarization with spontaneous firing, 3) diminished excitability and responsiveness, and 4) decremental conduction with local block and re-entry. Histological findings revealed vacuolar degeneration, hypertrophy, and early necrosis of atrial cells. In conclusion, the multiple IAP and pathologic abnormalities provide a basis for atrial dysrhythmia in this family. The etiology of the disease is unknown.
Academia is still not doing enough to make UK a leader in research
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A major cultural shift is needed among medical academics if they are to work with the drug industry, a leading industry spokesman has claimed.

Malcolm Skingle, director of external science and technology at GlaxoSmithKline, was speaking at a conference of university medical academics in London on 11 March on promoting excellence in health research in the United Kingdom.

Although much has changed in recent years, some doctors still saw research funding from the industry as being “dirty money,” he said. 

“They say it’s …
Deficient TP53 Expression, Function, and Cisplatin Sensitivity Are Restored by Quinacrine in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Jay Friedman, Liesl Nottingham, Praveen Duggal, Francisco G. Pernas, Bin Yan, Xin Ping Yang, Zhong Chen, Carter Van Waes
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the nature and potential pharmacologic reversibility of deficient TP53 expression and function in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) with wild-type TP53, previously associated with decreased sensitivity to cisplatin therapy. Experimental Design: TP53 genotype, mRNA and protein expression, TP53-induced p21 expression, and TP53 DNA–binding and reporter gene function were determined in a panel of nine previously characterized HNSCC cell lines from the University of Michigan squamous cell carcinoma (UM-SCC) series. The genotoxic drug doxorubicin and the anti-inflammatory and antimalarial drug quinacrine, previously identified as inducers of TP53, were used to examine the nature and potential reversibility of deficient TP53 expression and function. The specific role of inducible TP53 on function and cellular proliferation was confirmed using selective TP53 inhibitor pifithrin-α or short hairpin RNA knockdown. The capability of quinacrine to sensitize HNSCC to the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin was assessed. Results: UM-SCC cell lines with wild-type TP53 genotype underexpressed TP53 mRNA and protein when compared with normal human keratinocytes or UM-SCC with mutant TP53. Although doxorubicin failed to induce TP53 expression or functional activity, quinacrine induced TP53 mRNA and protein expression, increased TP53 reporter activity and p21 protein expression, and induced growth inhibition in these wild-type TP53 cell lines. Quinacrine-induced TP53 reporter activity and growth suppression were attenuated by pifithrin-α and TP53 short hairpin RNA knockdown. Furthermore, quinacrine sensitized UM-SCC to cisplatin in vitro. Conclusions: Deficient TP53 mRNA and protein expression underlies decreased function in a subset of HNSCC with wild-type TP53 and can be restored together with cisplatin sensitization by quinacrine.
Smoking rates continue to fall in the UK
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Smoking prevalence in the United Kingdom fell from 19.8% in 2012 to 18.7% in 2013 and was substantially lower among women than men, the latest survey by the Office for National Statistics has shown.

The Integrated Household Survey ,1 which surveyed over 260 000 adults, found that 16.5% of women and 21.1% of men smoked. Men were more likely to be current smokers than women across every age group.

Smoking …
Daily Physical-Rest Activities in Relation to Nutritional State, Metabolism, and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients with Progressive Cachexia
Authors: Marita Fouladiun, Ulla Körner, Lena Gunnebo, Petra Sixt-Ammilon, Ingvar Bosaeus, Kent Lundholm
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate daily physical-rest activities in cancer patients losing weight in relation to disease progression. Experimental Design: Physical activity-rest rhythms were measured (ActiGraph, armband sensor from BodyMedia) in relation to body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), energy metabolism, exercise capacity (walking test), and self-scored quality of life (SF-36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) in weight-losing outpatients with systemic cancer (71 ± 2 years, n = 53). Well-nourished, age-matched, and previously hospitalized non–cancer patients served as controls (74 ± 4 years, n = 8). Middle-aged healthy individuals were used as reference subjects (49 ± 5 years, n = 23). Results: Quality of life was globally reduced in patients with cancer (P &amp;lt; 0.01), accompanied by significantly reduced spontaneous physical activity during both weekdays and weekends compared with reference subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Spontaneous physical activity declined over time during follow-up in patients with cancer (P &amp;lt; 0.05). However, overall physical activity and the extent of sleep and bed-rest activities did not differ between patients with cancer and age-matched non–cancer patients. Spontaneous physical activity correlated weakly with maximum exercise capacity in univariate analysis (r = 0.41, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that spontaneous physical activity was related to weight loss, blood hemoglobin concentration, C-reactive protein, and to subjectively scored items of physical functioning and bodily pain (SF-36; P &amp;lt; 0.05-0.004). Anxiety and depression were not related to spontaneous physical activity. Patient survival was predicted only by weight loss and serum albumin levels (P &amp;lt; 0.01), although there was no such prediction for spontaneous physical activity. Conclusions: Daily physical-rest activities represent variables which probably reflect complex mental physiologic and metabolic interactions. Thus, activity-rest monitoring provides a new dimension in the evaluation of medical and drug interventions during palliative treatment of patients with cancer.
Neuro-Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Lyme Disease
Authors: Robert L. Lesser, Ernest W. Kornmehl, Andrew R. Pachner, Jorge Kattah, Thomas R. Hedges, Nancy M. Newman, Patricia A. Ecker, Morris I. Glassman
Journal: Ophthalmology (1990)

Lyme disease is a tick-borne spirochetal infection characterized by skin rash, neurologic, cardiac, and arthritic findings. The authors report six patients with Lyme disease who had neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations. One patient had meningitis with papilledema, two had optic neuritis, and one had neuroretinitis. Three patients had sixth nerve paresis, two of whom cleared quickly, whereas multiple cranial nerve palsies and subsequent optic neuropathy developed in another. Early recognition of neuro-ophthalmologic findings can help in the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease.
Principles and Practice of Head and Neck Oncology
Authors: A. C Swift
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

To review for a general readership a book on such a highly specialist topic is a daunting task. But Principles and Practice of Head and Neck Oncology presented a more practical difficulty: the subject is inherently gory, and with its many images of operations and flaps the book is not suitable reading for train or plane journeys. Fellow passengers will be observed straining for a closer look, and you become anxious about turning the page for fear of what comes next.

Although the subject matter is not the most pleasant, it is certainly important and challenging. The book is comprehensive, dealing with all modalities of tumour therapy. Altogether, there are 32 chapters, divided into four main sections—namely, basic principles of management; mainly squamous neoplasms; mainly non-squamous neoplasms; and rehabilitation and reconstruction. It was no surprise to find a chapter on the molecular biology of head and neck cancers, an important research area linking science with surgery and clinical medicine. What was surprising was the clarity of the exposition: with its vivid coloured diagrams and its comprehensive glossary of terms it makes the subject understandable even to a surgeon, and will certainly be of interest to the general medical reader.

A controversial question over the past few years concerns who should deal with thyroid gland swellings. Thyroid surgery was for a long time in the realm of the ‘general surgeon’ but has moved to the remit of the specialist ‘endocrine surgeon’. This false demarcation is now challenged by the head and neck surgeons, for whom the thyroid gland is familiar territory. The book therefore contains a comprehensive detailed chapter on tumours of the thyroid and another on the parathyroid gland. These chapters will be of interest and value to all surgeons dealing with these tumours. I like the way the book deals with clinical controversies. One issue in which I take a particular interest is the management of early laryngeal carcinoma and carcinoma-in-situ. Rather than provide didactic information, it offers a balanced text and numerous tables (highlighted in purple) displaying the results of treatments in various hands. This pattern of tables, summarizing published work, not only affords the relevant factual information; it provides an excellent stimulus to thought. Also, along with the clinical images, coloured 3-D diagrams (an art-form in themselves) allow the authors to avoid excessive detail in the text.

As well as serving as a superb reference work for head and neck surgeons and clinical oncologists, Principles and Practice of Head and Neck Oncology will be of value to other participants in the multidisciplinary team—ENT, maxillofacial, plastic and endocrine surgeons, for instance. Trainees in these specialties should also read it, to keep abreast of this advancing clinical discipline.
760-2 Angiographic Outcome After “Cutting” Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Jeffrey J. Popma, William D. Knopf, Charles Davidson, Robert C. Feldman, Andrew C. Eisenhauer, Sarah A. Johnson, Martin B. Leon, Charles L. Lucore, Ray V. Matthews, Michael Mooney, Andrew Rees, Nagui Sabri, James E. Tcheng, Bonnie H. Weiner, Melvin B. Weiss, Ya Chien Chuang, Anand Desai, Teraza y. Conway, Peter Barath
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Memory Enhancement by Targeting Cdk5 Regulation of NR2B
Authors: Florian Plattner, Adan Hernández, Tara M. Kistler, Karine Pozo, Ping Zhong, Eunice Y. Yuen, Chunfeng Tan, Ammar H. Hawasli, Sam F. Cooke, Akinori Nishi, Ailan Guo, Thorsten Wiederhold, Zhen Yan, James A. Bibb
Journal: Neuron (2014)
EFFECT OF MOCCASIN SNAKE VENOM (ANCISTRODON PISCIVORUS) IN HEMORRHAGIC CONDITIONS
Authors: SAMUEL M. PECK
Journal: JAMA (1935)

This report concerns the control of various types of bleeding by means of subcutaneous injections of a snake venom. In our experience this method has proved superior to the other forms of treatment commonly employed in cases characterized by a hemorrhagic tendency other than hemophilia or thrombocytopenic purpura haemorrhagica.  In 1928, Shwartzman1described a phenomenon of skin reactivity (local hemorrhagic necrosis) to bacterial filtrates, which was produced when intradermal injections of these filtrates were followed at a suitable interval by intravenous injections. In 1930, one of us (S. M. P.) attempted, unsuccessfully, to produce the Shwartzman phenomenon with fungous extracts and then to render the reaction site more sensitive to the hypothetical toxic substances in fungous cultures by previous local injections of a vascular poison, snake venom. This proved unsuccessful. In the course of experiments2it was found that, if a period of from fourteen days to one
Disseminated Herpes Simplex in the Newborn
Authors: T. Bird, P. S. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1959)

ATRIAL MYXOMA cardiac myxoma, but microscopically the formed elements were clearly angiomatous.Raeburn (1952) has described examples ranging from a classical myxoma to an unequivocal haemangioma.The palatal and other developmental defects in our case were apparently coincidental, since we have found only one other report of a myxoma associated with a congenital abnormality, an atrial septal defect (Paquet, 1946).The rate of growth of these tumours, however, is possibly quite slow, judging from the length of history sometimes recorded.The recent report of a small myxoma found in the atrium of a stillborn infant (Reddy et al., 1956) is therefore of interest.
Priming in neglect is problematic for linking consciousness to stability
Authors: Marco Zorzi, Carlo Umiltà
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

O'Brien &amp; Opie argue that (1) only explicit representations give rise to conscious experience, and (2) explicit representations depend on stable patterns of activation. In neglect patients, the stimuli presented to the neglected hemifield are not consciously experienced but exert causal effects on the processing of other stimuli presented to the intact hemifield. We argue that O'Brien &amp; Opie cannot account for a nonconscious representation that is stable, as attested by the fact that it affects behavior, but is neither potentially explicit nor tacit.
Noradrenaline Release and Metabolism in Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension
Authors: McC. GOODALL, W. R. HARLAN, H. ALTON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Fifteen hypotensive patients were studied of whom only seven could be classified as having idiopathic orthostatic (postural) hypotension. These seven patients showed a marked decrease in their urinary output of the sympathetic neurohormone, noradrenaline. Furthermore, the rate of metabolism of circulating noradrenaline was somewhat less than normal; however, there was no significant alteration in noradrenaline metabolites. One patient, on whom autopsy was performed, showed degeneration of the sympathetic ganglia and nerves. Although there was infiltration with amyloid in these areas, it was not certain that amyloidosis was the primary disease. Nevertheless, there was an anatomic loss of the neurogenic structures involved in the synthesis of noradrenaline, which could explain the subnormal output of noradrenaline. Whereas, these results do not permit a definite conclusion that in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension there is an anatomic deficit or a decrease in efferent sympathetic neurons, nevertheless, evidence is presented which would seem to indicate this as the probable etiology.
Effect of ethanol on vascular prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) synthesis, platelet aggregation, and platelet thromboxane release.
Authors: D P Mikhailidis, J Y Jeremy, M A Barradas, N Green, P Dandona
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A series of experiments with platelets from healthy volunteers showed a concentration related inhibitory effect of ethanol on platelet aggregation and release of thromboxane A2. This effect was observed at blood alcohol concentrations ranging between 66 and 132 mg/dl (14.3 and 28.6 mmol/l), which are commonly found in alcoholics. Investigations carried out by incubating ethanol with platelet rich plasma in vitro also showed an inverse linear correlation between ethanol concentration and platelet thromboxane synthesis. In contrast, the incubation of a wide range of concentrations of ethanol with human endothelial cells and rat aortic rings did not alter the ability of these systems to synthesise prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2). This finding of a selective inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis and platelet aggregation without an alteration of prostaglandin I2 synthesis may provide an explanation for the reported ethanol mediated protection against vascular disease. This effect of ethanol may also be relevant to the induction of acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage that occurs after bouts of excessive alcohol consumption.
Clinical Nodal Staging Scores for Bladder Cancer: A Proposal for Preoperative Risk Assessment
Authors: Shahrokh F. Shariat, Behfar Ehdaie, Michael Rink, Eugene K. Cha, Robert S. Svatek, Thomas F. Chromecki, Harun Fajkovic, Giacomo Novara, Scott G. David, Siamak Daneshmand, Yves Fradet, Yair Lotan, Arthur I. Sagalowsky, Thomas Clozel, Patrick J. Bastian, Wassim Kassouf, Hans-Martin Fritsche, Maximilian Burger, Jonathan I. Izawa, Derya Tilki, Firas Abdollah, Felix K. Chun, Guru Sonpavde, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Douglas S. Scherr, Mithat Gonen
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Suicide: A Sociological and Statistical Study
Authors: Nathaniel S. Apter
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Dublin provides statistical data to support his major thesis: that social as well as individual emotional forces are involved in suicide. Numerous graphs and tables are designed to compare, among other variables, the suicide rates for various groups in accordance with age, sex, marital status, racial and national backgrounds, economic conditions, climate, and season. Summaries of religious, ethical, and legal attitudes among primitive, ancient, and modern peoples serve two major purposes: to delineate the societal forces which may inhibit or promote suicide and to discover the effects which the judgment of the community may have on the frequency of suicide. These considerations comprise the first three sections of this book, representing a revision of Dr. Dublin's monograph,<i>To Be Or Not To Be—A Study of Suicide</i>, which received broad attention when it appeared 30 years ago. However, during the past decade, the emphasis in studies of suicide has shifted
Local Reaction Secondary to Insulin Injection: A potential role for latex antigens in insulin vials and syringes
Authors: Alison Towse, Maureen O'Brien, Frank J Twarog, Jennifer Braimon, Alan C Moses
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possibility that latex antigens (natural rubber) can contribute to or cause local sensitivity at insulin injection sites. CASE A subject with documented local cutaneous allergic reactions at the site of insulin injections and with systemic latex allergy manifested as anaphylaxis was tested with intradermal injections of insulin diluent from two manufacturers and with two brands of insulin syringes. RESULTS The subject had high titer anti-latex Ige and elevated total levels of IgE in serum. Anti-insulin IgG and IgE antibodies were absent. Erythema and wheals occurred at the sites of intradermal injection of insulin therapy components (insulin diluent and syringes) that contain natural latex rubber but not at the site of injection of insulin therapy components that do not contain natural latex rubber. CONCLUSIONS Small quantities of natural latex rubber antigens in insulin injection materials can be sufficient to produce local cutaneous reactions at the site of insulin injection in individuals highly allergic to natural latex rubber.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor suppresses coronary arteriosclerotic changes and vasospastic responses induced by chronic treatment with interleukin-1 beta in pigs in vivo.
Authors: A Ito, H Shimokawa, T Kadokami, Y Fukumoto, M K Owada, T Shiraishi, R Nakaike, T Takayanagi, K Egashira, A Takeshita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We recently demonstrated that chronic treatment with IL-1 beta induces coronary arteriosclerotic changes and vasospastic responses to autacoids in pigs in vivo and that those responses are importantly mediated by PDGF. The receptors for PDGF and other major growth factors are known to have tyrosine kinase activity. We therefore investigated the effects of a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ST 638, on those responses induced by IL-1 beta in our swine model. Intimal thickening and coronary vasospastic responses to serotonin and histamine were induced at the site of the coronary artery where IL-1 beta was chronically and locally applied. These responses were significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by cotreatment with ST 638. In addition, ST 494, which is an inactive form of ST 638, did not inhibit those responses. The treatment with ST 638 alone did not affect the coronary vasoconstricting responses to the autacoids. Immunoblotting using an antibody to phosphotyrosines confirmed the inhibitory effects of ST 638 on the tyrosine phosphorylations induced by IL-1 beta. These results thus suggest that tyrosine kinase activation may play an important role in mediating the effects of IL-1 beta, while also suggesting that ST 638 has an inhibitory effect on the arteriosclerotic changes and vasospastic responses to autacoids in our swine model in vivo.