tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progressive Age-related Changes in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Images and the Effect of Diabetes
Authors: CARLOS PEREZ-GUZMAN, ALFREDO TORRES-CRUZ, HECTOR VILLARREAL-VELARDE, MARIO H. VARGAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Atypical radiologic images of pulmonary tuberculosis are common in elderly and in diabetic patients. To investigate the relationship of chest radiographic findings of tuberculosis to age in diabetic and nondiabetic patients, we compared the chest radiographic findings of 192 inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes with those of 130 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis alone. The proportion of patients with lower lung field lesions progressively increased with age (rS = 0.89, p < 0.01), whereas the frequency of cavitation steadily decreased with age (rS = − 0.79, p < 0.05). In diabetic patients, a high frequency of lower lung lesions and cavitation was observed in all age groups. We speculated that, in older patients and in diabetics, the increased alveolar oxygen pressure in the lower lobes favors development of lower lobe disease in these groups.
The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project
Authors: Michael A. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In 1992I reviewed the book<i>Mapping the Code: The Human Genome Project and the Choices of Modern Science</i>, by Joel Davis. In that review, I stated, "Physicians will enjoy reading about the project and acquire a better understanding of modern medical genetics." As with medical technology, medical literature seems to follow the same course in that this book,<i>The Code of Codes</i>, is "technologically" improved in its presentation of the history, technology, ethics, and basic science of medical genetics and the project. Editors Kevles and Hood have thoughtfully chosen some leading contributors. Overall, the book is well written and very easy to understand. I enjoyed the use of the first person, which made reading each chapter seem like having an enjoyable conversation with its author. Because of the diversity of the chapters, one need not read for lengthy periods to appreciate the information presented. Chapter 1, "Out of Eugenics: The
A New Perspective on Tumor Endothelial Cells: Unexpected Chromosome and Centrosome Abnormalities
Authors: Kyoko Hida, Michael Klagsbrun
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

It has been shown that endothelial cells in solid tumors are cytogenetically abnormal. These cells are aneuploid with multiple chromosomes and multiple centrosomes. Unlike normal endothelial cells which remain diploid in long-term culture, the aneuploidy of tumor endothelial cells is exacerbated in culture suggesting that these cells are inherently unstable. It is speculated that this instability might compromise the effectiveness of antiangiogenesis therapy.
Novel insight into stem cell mobilization-Plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate is a major chemoattractant that directs the egress of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells from the bone marrow and its level in peripheral blood increases during mobilization due to activation of complement cascade/membrane attack complex
Authors: M Z Ratajczak, H Lee, M Wysoczynski, W Wan, W Marlicz, M J Laughlin, M Kucia, A Janowska-Wieczorek, J Ratajczak
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Gene Therapy Trial Finally Begins
Authors: Elaine Blume
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Gene Therapy Trial Finally Begins Get access Elaine Blume Elaine Blume Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 20, 17 October 1990, Page 1601, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.20.1601 Published: 17 October 1990
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces Early-Onset Endothelial Adhesivity by Protein Kinase Cζ–Dependent Activation of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
Authors: Kamran Javaid, Arshad Rahman, Khandaker N. Anwar, Randall S. Frey, Richard D. Minshall, Asrar B. Malik
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

We tested the hypothesis that TNF-α induces early-onset endothelial adhesivity toward PMN by activating the constitutive endothelial cell surface ICAM-1, the β 2 -integrin (CD11/CD18) counter-receptor. Stimulation of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells with TNF-α resulted in phosphorylation of ICAM-1 within 1 minute, a response that was sustained up to 15 minutes after TNF-α challenge. We observed that TNF-α induced 10-fold increase in PMN adhesion to endothelial cells in an ICAM-1–dependent manner and that this response paralleled the rapid time course of ICAM-1 phosphorylation. We also observed that the early-onset TNF-α–induced endothelial adhesivity was protein synthesis–independent and associated with cell surface ICAM-1 clustering. Pretreatment of cells with the pan-PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine, prevented the activation of endothelial adhesivity. As PKCζ, an atypical PKC isoform abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, is implicated in signaling TNF-α–induced ICAM-1 gene transcription, we determined the possibility that PKCζ was involved in mediating endothelial adhesivity through ICAM-1 expression. We observed that TNF-α stimulation of endothelial cells induced PKCζ activation and its association with ICAM-1. Inhibition of PKCζ by pharmacological and genetic approaches prevented the TNF-α–induced phosphorylation and the clustering of the cell surface ICAM-1 as well as activation of endothelial adhesivity. Thus, TNF-α induces early-onset, protein synthesis–independent expression of endothelial adhesivity by PKCζ-dependent phosphorylation of cell surface ICAM-1 that precedes the de novo ICAM-1 synthesis. The rapid ICAM-1 expression represents a novel mechanism for promoting the stable adhesion of PMN to endothelial cells that is needed to facilitate the early-onset transendothelial migration of PMN.
Fibrosing Alveolitis Associated with Renal Tubular Acidosis
Authors: A. M. S. Mason, M. B. McIllmurray, P. L. Golding, D. T. D. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The discovery of a case of renal tubular acidosis and fibrosing alveolitis led to the investigation of 19 further patients. Abnormal pulmonary function tests were found in a further four patients with overt renal tubular acidosis and in four out of eight patients with "incomplete" renal tubular acidosis. The response to an ammonium chloride test in seven patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis was normal. Those patients with a defect of both renal acidification and pulmonary gas transfer had concurrent autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and primary biliary cirrhosis. It is suggested that the renal and pulmonary abnormalities may be part of a systemic disorder capable of affecting many organs. Moreover, hyperglobulinaemia and autoantibodies in these patients further suggests that immunological mechanisms are concerned in the pathogenesis of these abnormalities.
Molecular cloning, purification, and IgE‐binding of a recombinant class I chitinase from <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> leaves (rHev b 11.0102)
Authors: H.‐P. Rihs, B. Dumont, P. Rozynek, M. Lundberg, R. Cremer, T. Brüning, M. Raulf‐Heimsoth
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Class I chitinase in natural rubber latex (NRL) has been assumed to be an important allergen, especially concerning its cross‐reactivity with fruits like avocado and banana. Objectives: The present study aimed to produce a recombinant latex class I chitinase from Hevea brasiliensis leaves and to study its immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐binding reactivity. Methods: A class I chitinase‐specific complementary DNA from H. brasiliensis leaves was synthesized, subcloned, sequenced and overexpressed in fusion with the maltose‐binding protein (MBP) in Escherichia coli . The IgE‐binding reactivity of this protein was studied by the Pharmacia CAP System TM and by immunoblot experiments using sera from latex‐allergic patients. Results: The rHev b 11.0102 was found to have a length of 295 amino acid residues and contains an N‐terminal hevein‐like domain with a 56% homology to hevein. Analysis by the CAP method revealed the presence of rHev b 11.0102‐specific IgE antibodies in 17 of 58 sera (29%) of IgE‐mediated latex‐allergic subjects tested. Immunoblot analysis of the MBP–rHev b 11.0102 fusion protein and the MBP carrier protein as a negative control confirmed the IgE‐reactivity of rHev b 11.0102. Conclusion: Due to its IgE‐reactivity rHev b 11.0102 represents an allergen of intermediate prevalence in NRL. Its property to cross‐react with certain fruits makes it an important supplement in the diagnostic panel of recombinant NRL allergens.
Legal intervention during pregnancy
Authors: F. A. Chervenak
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Board of Trustees of the American Medical Association<sup>1</sup>should be congratulated for addressing the important and controversial topic of legal interventions during pregnancy. We agree with the board's opposition to the use of criminal law to penalize women for substance or alcohol abuse during pregnancy. We could also agree that many court orders have been inappropriate, such as the Angela Carder case.<sup>2</sup>We believe that preventive ethics strategies can obviate the need for a court order in most cases.<sup>3</sup> We disagree, however, with the board's analysis and arguments concerning court-ordered intervention during the intrapartum period. The board understands court-ordered interventions on pregnant women to involve, in most cases, (1) increased risks of morbidity and mortality for pregnant women, ie, those risks associated with cesarean delivery; and (2) physical invasion of the pregnant woman's person, in violation of her right to refuse bodily invasion
Abstract 2304: Biologically distinct mammary tumors develop from Trp53 null tissue transplanted to juvenile versus adult gland.
Authors: David H. Nguyen, Jian-Hua Mao, Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The biology of the organism is a key regulator of breast cancer development. Our previous work showed that irradiating the host accelerated the development of carcinomas from unirradiated Trp53 null mammary fragments transplanted into the inguinal fat pads previously divested of endogenous epithelia (Nguyen et al., Cancer Cell, 2011). In this report, we investigated the age of transplantation by comparing carcinogenesis in Trp53 null mammary outgrowths that were transplanted during pubertal, 5 week-old mice compared to 10 week-old adult hosts. Tumors arising over the course of a year from Trp53 null tissue transplanted into adult hosts (AH) (n=26), were compared to tumors arising following transplantation in juvenile hosts (JH) (n=55). The rate of tumor occurrence was not significantly different as a function of the transplantation age but once detected, JH tumors grew several times faster. JH tumors were more perfused, as indicated by 2-fold larger blood vessels (p=0.015), and exhibited a 2-fold higher mitotic index (p=0.009) compared to AH tumors. Tumors transplanted at either age were predominantly ER+ (80% JH vs. 60% AH), but more tumor cells were ER immunoreactive as measured by the Allred score in JH tumors compared to AH tumors (p=0.0001). Microarray analysis of 10 JH and 6 AH tumors identified 119 genes that were modulated by at least 1.5-fold in JH tumors. Main biological processes enriched in JH tumors were organ morphology, proliferation, and lipid metabolism. The resulting profile revealed a luminal transcriptional program in JH tumors that included expression of Foxa1 and Areg; Foxa1 protein expression in JH tumors was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The distinct biology of tumors arising from tissue undergoing morphogenesis in the context of puberty suggests that: (1) the window of susceptibility for breast cancer involves host biology during puberty; and (2) that the tumor intrinsic subtype is not necessarily epithelial autonomous, but can be influenced by the host environment. Supported by DOD-BCRP and DOE Low Dose Radiation Program. Citation Format: David H. Nguyen, Jian-Hua Mao, Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff. Biologically distinct mammary tumors develop from Trp53 null tissue transplanted to juvenile versus adult gland. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2304. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2304
Rheumatoid arthritis. Medical management.
Authors: R. Bluestone
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Care RestPatients with painful polyarthritis, often accompanied by malaise, benefit.greatly from a spell of rest in bed, which may be best achieved within hospital.After ambulation, rest- periods during the day and early bed-times are advisable.The use of mild sedatives at night is useful but drugs of addiction should be avoided because of the risks entailed in their persistent use. DietNo special dietary measures are indicated for rheumatoid arthritis.Nevertheless, it is worth stressing the wisdom of a well-balanced diet containing adequate iron, folate, and on 21 August
Natural Limits of Pregnancy Testing in Relation to the Expected Menstrual Period
Authors: Allen J. Wilcox
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Context Pregnancy test kits routinely recommend testing "as early as the first day of the missed period."However, a pregnancy cannot be detected before the blastocyst implants.Due to natural variability in the timing of ovulation, implantation does not necessarily occur before the expected onset of next menses.Objective To estimate the maximum screening sensitivity of pregnancy tests when used on the first day of the expected period, taking into account the natural variability of ovulation and implantation.
Cubscout Jubilee at St. Cabrini Nursing Home
Authors: Harold W. Horowitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Ad Libitum17 August 1999Cubscout Jubilee at St. Cabrini Nursing HomeHarold W. Horowitz, MDHarold W. Horowitz, MDNew York Medical College; Valhalla, NY 10595 (Horowitz)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-4-199908170-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail fa, la, la, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York Medical College; Valhalla, NY 10595 (Horowitz)Corresponding Author: Harold W. Horowitz, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Westchester Medical Center, Room 209 Macy Pavilion SE, Valhalla, NY 10595. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 August 1999Volume 131, Issue 4Page: 306KeywordsInfectious diseasesKneesNursing homesSneezingThorax Issue Published: 17 August 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
POINTS IN TECHNIC OF SEPARATING ANAEROBES
Authors: JAMES L. STODDARD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

It is the almost universal experience of careful workers with anaerobic bacteria that difficulties are numerous in the sure isolation of a single strain from a mixed culture. The following seem to be the main sources of difficulty, with means of correction: The direct plating of exudate presents great difficulties on account of the cohesion of the material. A preliminary anaerobic culture in bouillon results in a fairly even suspension, some separation, and a medium that can easily be diluted. Plating from a culture in chopped meat medium or milk, or from surface cultures makes an even suspension more difficult. There is frequent tendency of organisms, especially when encapsulated, to stick together to a certain extent. Two different bacilli which are still adherent after the plating is completed may grow and form what appears to be a single colony. If the bacilli are very similar morphologically, deception is easy. The
Trends in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 Seroprevalence in the United States
Authors: Fujie Xu, Maya R. Sternberg, Benny J. Kottiri, Geraldine M. McQuillan, Francis K. Lee, Andre J. Nahmias, Stuart M. Berman, Lauri E. Markowitz
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 are common infections worldwide. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the cause of most genital herpes and is almost always sexually transmitted. In contrast, HSV-1 is usually transmitted during childhood via nonsexual contacts. Preexisting HSV-1 antibodies can alleviate clinical manifestations of subsequently acquired HSV-2. Furthermore, HSV-1 has become an important cause of genital herpes in some developed countries.To examine trends in HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence in the United States in 1999-2004 compared with 1988-1994.Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys (US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys [NHANES]), were used to compare national seroprevalence estimates from 1999-2004 with those from 1988-1994, and changes in HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence since 1976-1980 were reviewed. Persons aged 14 to 49 years were included in these analyses.Seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies based on results from type-specific immunodot assays; diagnosis of genital herpes.The overall age-adjusted HSV-2 seroprevalence was 17.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8%-18.3%) in 1999-2004 and 21.0% (95% CI, 19.1%-23.1%) in 1988-1994, a relative decrease of 19.0% between the 2 surveys (95% CI, -28.6% to -9.5%; P<.001). Decreases in HSV-2 seroprevalence were especially concentrated in persons aged 14 to 19 years between 1988 and 2004. In adolescents aged 17 to 19 years and young adults, the decreases in HSV-2 seroprevalence were significant even after adjusting for changes in sexual behaviors. Among those infected with HSV-2, the percentage who reported having been diagnosed with genital herpes was statistically different (14.3% in 1999-2004 and 9.9% in 1988-1994; P = .02). Seroprevalence of HSV-1 decreased from 62.0% (95% CI, 59.6%-64.6%) in 1988-1994 to 57.7% (95% CI, 55.9%-59.5%) in 1999-2004, a relative decrease of 6.9% between the 2 surveys (95% CI, -11.6% to -2.3%; P = .006). Among persons infected with HSV-1 but not with HSV-2, a higher percentage reported having been diagnosed with genital herpes in 1999-2004 compared with 1988-1994 (1.8% vs 0.4%, respectively; P<.001).These data show declines in HSV-2 seroprevalence, suggesting that the trajectory of increasing HSV-2 seroprevalence in the United States has been reversed. Seroprevalence of HSV-1 decreased but the incidence of genital herpes caused by HSV-1 may be increasing.
1103. Site-Specific Chromosomal Integration in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mediated by PhiC31 Integrase
Authors: Annahita Keravala, Juergen Hoelters, Sohail Jarrahian, Thomas W. Chalberg, Marisa Ciccarella, Peter Neth, Michele P. Calos
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have emerged as a promising new tool in gene therapy/ cell therapy strategies due to their potential use in a wide variety of applications, including both short- and long-term regeneration. With viral vectors being frequently criticized for their immunogenicity, random integration and difficult production, alternatives are desirable. A safe and effective gene delivery method resulting in targeted chromosomal integration with prolonged therapeutic levels of gene expression would be valuable. PhiC31 integrase, a site-specific recombinase from phage phiC31, pairs an attB recognition site on an incoming plasmid with pseudo attP sites in mammalian genomes. This integrase has been used to achieve genomic integration in human keratinocytes, mouse liver, rat retina and rabbit joints. Here we describe non-viral approaches for gene delivery using phiC31 integrase, transfected either as mRNA or as a DNA expression vector, in conjugation with an attB-containing donor plasmid. We evaluated the efficacy of mRNA encoding phiC31 integrase to mediate unidirectional integration into pseudo attP sites when co-transfected with an attB donor plasmid containing a transgene of interest. We also demonstrated that co-transfection of a plasmid expressing phiC31 integrase with a plasmid containing the luciferase marker gene and an attB site resulted in 39-fold higher expression of luciferase as assessed by live imaging, compared to control transfections without integrase. Expansion of the integrants and their differentiation into the osteogenic phenotype revealed sustained gene expression, indicating that the integration sites used in undifferentiated hMSCs continued to provide gene expression after differentiation of the cells. Finally, plasmid rescue and DNA sequence analysis of the integration sites showed that the integration events occurred at several pseudo attP sites in the human genome. Summarizing our results, phiC31 integrase, provided either as mRNA or DNA, mediates site-specific integration of transgenes and can provide high levels of gene expression in hMSCs and differentiated osteogenic cells. These findings suggest that phiC31 integrase represents an efficient and practical non-viral approach for genetic modification of hMSCs that could have potential for clinical applications.
Electrocardiographs Abnormalities in a Family with Generalized Lentigo
Authors: Raymond J. Walther, Burton J. Polansky, Inta A. Grots
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE existence of familial cardiac-conduction abnormalities has been known since a report by Morquio1 at the turn of the century. A more recent report reviewed this subject and described 3 generations of a family with conduction disorders.2 This communication reports a family of 4, 3 members of which have a pigmentary disorder attended by electrocardiographic changes, 2 having patterns resembling inferior myocardial infarction. None of the subjects have had cardiovascular symptoms at any time.The family came to our attention when the propositus, M.McD., was referred to the Pediatric Heart Clinic of the Boston City Hospital by a school physician . . .
Intravenous gammaglobulin treatment for immune thrombocytopenia associated with infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Elizabeth M. Cyran, Jacob M. Rowe, Robert E. Bloom
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Severe thrombocytopenia is an uncommon (incidence &lt;1%) but serious complication of infectious mononucleosis. Corticosteroids have been used for therapy with variable responses reported. Five consecutive patients with infectious mononucleosis‐related severe thrombocytopenia were treated with intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day for 2–5 days. All patients appear to have had an immunologic or consumptive etiology for their thrombocytopenia as determined by increased marrow megakaryocytes. All patients were initially treated with oral prednisone 1 mg/kg/day. Due to the relatively slow response to prednisone (platelet count &gt;20,000/γL on the 8th to 13th hospital day) or increased bleeding symptoms, IVIG was initiated. Four of the five patients rapidly developed significant increases in their platelet counts (range 44,000/γL to 97,000/γL). Two of these responses were sustained and two relapses occurred (while on continued steroid therapy) which again responded to booster doses of IVIG at similar doses. IVIG has been previously shown to be effective in treating patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. Historically, patients with infectious mononucleosis‐related severe thrombocytopenia often are refractory to corticosteroid therapy and our limited experience suggests that IVIG may also be effective in infectious mononucleosis‐related severe thrombocytopenia.