tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occupational pharyngitis associated with allergic patch test reactions from acrylics
Authors: L. Kanerva, T. Estlander, R. Jolanki, E. Pekkarinen
Journal: Allergy (1992)

A female dentist specialized in orthodontics repeatedly developed symptoms of pharyngitis at work. A chamber provocation test indicated that her symptoms were caused by acrylics. Prick tests with acrylics were negative, while patch tests were strongly positive although the patient had no skin symptoms. The relationship between the symptoms and the patch test results is discussed. It is suggested that type IV allergic reactions may be involved in symptoms of the upper respiratory tract.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Infections
Authors: B E Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Enterococci are best known as antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogens that are commonly recovered from patients who have received multiple courses of antibiotics and have been hospitalized for prolonged periods.16 These organisms were well established as a cause of endocarditis and urinary tract infections by the early 1900s,3 and members of the species Enterococcus faecalis were known to be a common cause of nosocomial infections by the early 1980s.3,79 The emergence of enterococci with resistance to vancomycin, seen predominantly in the species E. faecium, has been followed by an increase in the frequency with which this species is recovered. . . .
Hazards of Sea Bathing — Gentle Art of Walking — Postscript on Canine Psychiatry
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE picture in a daily newspaper of a group of hardy swimmers plunging into the sea at one of the South Coast resorts for their regular Christmas-morning dip must have chilled the marrow of the ever-increasing number of their brethren who prefer the central-heated comfort of their homes.However, as the Times pointed out some time ago, the addicted swimmer is a hardy creature who seems able to continue with his particular passion long after he might be forgiven for retiring to his chimney corner. Thus, it is the septuagenarians who haunt the Serpentine in Hyde Park when the ice . . .
Science and policy in regulatory decision making: getting the facts right about hazardous air pollutants.
Authors: K Sexton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Hazardous air pollutants are regulated under Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. The Amendments replace the risk-based approach mandated in the 1977 Amendments with a prescriptive, technology-based approach requiring that maximum achievable control technology (MACT) be applied to all major industrial sources of 189 hazardous air pollutants. The change reflects political, rather than scientific consensus that the public health benefits justify the costs. The choice is put into perspective by looking at the interface between science and policy that occurs as part of regular decisionmaking. Particular emphasis is given to examining the interrelationships among facts (science), judgments (science policy), and policy (values) in the context of the risk assessment paradigm. Science and policy are discussed in relation to Title III, contrasting the political consensus for action with the scientific uncertainty about risks and benefits. It is argued that a balanced research program is needed to get the facts right about hazardous air pollutants, including research to meet statutory requirements, to reduce uncertainties in risk assessment, and to address strategic issues.
International Units for Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Authors: H. R. ROBERTS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1986International Units for Tissue Plasminogen ActivatorH. R. ROBERTS, M.D.H. R. ROBERTS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-627_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis is deeply involved in the standardization of hemostatic and fibrinolytic agents. At its recent meeting, concern was expressed about the various units used for tissue plasminogen activator. Three units have been used for reporting the doses of this agent: International Units of urokinase; milligrams; and International Units of tissue plasminogen activator. This situation will predictably lead to problems.In the original studies, partially purified preparations of tissue plasminogen activator were compared in potency to the international standard of urokinase and reported in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H. R. ROBERTS, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDose-ranging study with a new two-chain rt-PA in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A multicenter trialMyocardial infarct artery patency and reocclusion rates after treatment with duteplase at the dose used in the International Study of Infarct Survival-3 1 October 1986Volume 105, Issue 4Page: 627-627KeywordsHemostaticsThrombosisTissue plasminogen activator ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Report on use of XAD resins in racing chemistry.
Authors: G. H. Johnston
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1976)

This report comprises a summary of the work done with XAD resin extraction by racing chemists and reported in the Association of Official Racing Chemists publications. It is apparent that the use of XAD resins is becoming more popular in racing laboratories as a technique for routine screening and also for the extraction of certain conjugated drugs. Most laboratories employ variations on the original Brinkmann Drug-Skreen Technique. Comparisons of the efficiency of extraction of drugs from horse urine by XAD-2 resin and by chloroform column extraction indicate that some drugs can be extracted with equal or greater efficiency by the resin technique.
Abstract P2-02-10: Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient to predict grade, micro-invasion and invasion in DCIS
Authors: HM Hussein, C Chung, H Moshonov, V Freitas, N Miller, SR Kulkarni, A Scaranelo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in distinguishing DCIS grades and identifying the presence of micro-invasive/invasive disease. METHODS AND MATERIALS: REB approved study with informed consent obtained from 70 women (age 36-84) scheduled for core-biopsy with results of 71 non-invasive/high-risk breast lesions. All patients underwent surgery and were assessed pre-operatively using diffusion weighted (DWI)-MRI. Lesion size, morphology and ADC values were recorded. The Kruskal Wallis or one-way ANOVA test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to study the association between ADC values and the analyzed MRI lesion characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the ability of ADC values to predict the presence of invasion. RESULTS: Of 71 cases, 45.1% were imaged on a 3T magnet and 54.9% on 1.5 T. Final pathology demonstrated invasive cancer in 26.8%, micro-invasion in 18.3% and pure DCIS in 59.2%. On 3T, mean ADC value was 1.20 ×10-3 mm2/s ± 0.48 (SD) (range, 0.47 - 1.78 ×10-3 mm2/s) for non-high grade DCIS, 1.23 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.40 (SD) (range, 0.26 - 1.77 ×10-3 mm2/s) for high-grade DCIS, and 1.15 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.45 (SD) (range, 0.26 - 1.75 ×10-3 mm2/s) for invasive/microinvasive disease. On 1.5T, mean ADC value was 1.04 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.41 (SD) (range, 0.15 - 1.85 ×10-3 mm2/s) for non-high grade DCIS, 1.01 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.37 (SD) (range, 0.06 - 1.76 ×10-3 mm2/s) for high-grade DCIS, and 1.11 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.30 (SD) (range, 0.64 - 1.76 ×10-3 mm2/s) for invasive/microinvasive disease. Based on logistic regression analysis, mean ADC value was not a significant predictor for invasiveness using 1.5 T [OR = 2.6 (95% CI (0.409, 17.12)), p = 0.3] or 3T [OR = 0.4 (95% CI (0.076, 2.399)), p = 0.3] CONCLUSION: Mean ADC acquired using a 1.5T or 3T MRI was unable to predict high-grade or invasive disease in biopsy-proven DCIS lesions. Further work is exploring voxel-based approaches that may better appreciate tumor heterogeneity and identify sub-regions of tumor with these higher risk features. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-02-10.
Editorial: Medical jargon
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Only some authors whose manuscripts are accepted for publication in<i>JAMA</i>or an equivalent journal and who see them again after they have undergone copy editing appreciate fully the diligence of copy editors in improving punctuation, grammar, and composition and in eliminating jargon. Among the errors made frequently by physicianwriters is the failure to be fully descriptive of regions and parts. A few examples should illustrate the point. An author will write about the "upper abdomen," by which he must imply that there is also at least a "lower abdomen" and perhaps a "middle" one. Another author will have something to say about the "upper arm." It is difficult to know whether he means "arm," "shoulder," or "upper<i>part</i>of the arm." (As everyone knows, the upper extremity is made up of an arm, a forearm, a hand, and some intervening joints.) Other favorites include anatomic structures such as the
AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE GLUCOSTATIC THEORY OF REGULATION OF FOOD INTAKE1
Authors: Lionel M. Bernstein, Morton I. Grossman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

The most popular of the current hypotheses on regulation of food intake is the "glucostatic" theory proposed by Mayer (1).In essence this hypothe- sis states a) that "glucoreceptors" in the central nervous system (probably the hypothalamus) are sensitive to the rate at which they are utilizing glucose, b) that low utilization rates excite neural activity leading to hunger sensations and food-tak- ing and high utilization rates produce the opposite effect, and c) that peripheral arterio-venous glu- cose differences serve as an index of utilization rates by the glucoreceptors in the central nervous system.Blood glucose concentration and arterio-venous difference are known to rise following meals con- taining carbohydrate or protein and to fall to fasting levels during the post-absorptive period.From these facts it can be assumed a priori that an association would be found to exist between blood glucose levels on the one hand and hunger, ap- petite and food-taking on the other.Whether this association reflects a causal relation between blood glucose and food-taking behavior is a problem for experimental solution.The most direct and the most critical means of attacking this problem ex- perimentally would appear to be to study the ef- fect of induced changes in blood glucose level (with their attendant changes in arterio-venous difference) on the quantity of food eaten under adequately controlled experimental conditions.This study was directed toward that end.The study was divided into two parts: First, the effect of induced hyperglycemia on food intake; and second, the effect of induced hyperglycemia on subjective evaluation of appetite or desire to eat.
ABC of labour care: Assessment of mother and fetus in labour
Authors: P. Steer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The management of labour used to be largely expectant—“wait and see” or “never let the sun set twice on a labouring woman,” implying that a labour taking up to 48 hours was acceptable. Labours of this length are often emotionally traumatic for women, may hide hazards to the fetus, and are very demanding on staff resources. In the 1960s, '70s, and '80s O'Driscoll and colleagues promoted “active management” of labour for women in their first labour. This management emphasised:

#### Rates of oxytocin augmentation in primiparous women and incidence of caesarean section during labour

View this table:



Results of meta-analysis of effect of having partners present in labour (with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for various outcomes)



Subsequent studies showed that, although thisapproach reduces the length of labour bya small amount, the onlycomponent with a clear benefit in promoting spontaneous vaginal birth is the continuous presence of the birth attendant. Women have declared their intolerance of long labours, however, by increasingly requesting delivery by caesarean section. In many major maternity units in the developed world, the rate of caesarean sections is now 16% or higher. In the United Kingdom this process has been accelerated by the ChangingChildbirth initiative, which emphasises the importance of maternal preferences.

Currently, the most common recommendations for monitoring progress in labour are measuring the descent of the fetal head and a vaginal examination of cervical dilatation every four hours. The rate of dilatation below which augmentation by Syntocinon infusion is recommended varies from 1 cm/h (the original O'Driscoll recommendation, resulting in augmentation rates in first labours of 40-50%) to 0.5 cm/h (leading to augmentation rates of about 15%). The mother's …
Abstract 3012: Converging effectors of airway lineage specification and metastasis in lung cancer
Authors: Don X. Nguyen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a deadly and heterogeneous subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. During LUAD progression, the emergence of alternate cell lineage traits in primary tumors correlates with poor outcome. The underlying mechanisms and biological consequences of these phenomena are poorly understood. Using an integrated approach, we examined the molecular relationship between cell differentiation states, lung cancer subtypes, and clinical outcome, to discover a role for lineage-restricted genes in the pathogenesis of LUAD (1). Specifically, we identified two airway selective lineage transcription factors, GATA6 and HOPX, as inhibitors of metastatic progression. Down-regulation of their expression in a subset of human tumors correlates with aberrant tumor differentiation and relapses. GATA6 and HOPX cooperatively restrict the metastatic potential of LUAD cells, by modulating converging transcriptional programs of airway epithelial differentiation and malignant invasion. Our findings demonstrate that perturbation of intrinsic cell lineage pathways is a determinant of metastasis in specific lung cancers. The implications of these findings for the origin(s) and treatment of LUAD metastasis will be discussed. (1) Cancer Cell, 23 (6): 725-738. 2013. Citation Format: Don X. Nguyen. Converging effectors of airway lineage specification and metastasis in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3012. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3012
Use of Genetic Linkage for the Detection of Female Carriers of Hemophilia
Authors: Paul R. McCurdy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

IT is usually not possible to ascertain if a female is a carrier of hemophilia unless she has a hemophilic son or is the daughter of a hemophilic father. Although assay of factor VIII in female carriers shows lower concentrations than in normal persons, sufficient overlap occurs to reduce the value of the assay for detecting the carrier state. Furthermore, the question may become most acute after pregnancy is established, when many clotting factors including factor VIII are increased over pre-pregnancy values. Accordingly, a female relative of a patient with this disease may have considerable anxiety about the likelihood that . . .
Comparison of Critical Care by Family Physicians and General Internists
Authors: Richard W. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The study by Drs Hainer and Lawler<sup>1</sup>is an interesting attempt to compare the outcome of patients treated in special care units by two groups of attending physicians: family physicians and general internists. There were essentially no differences in length of stay, readmission rate, mortality, hospital charges, or other variables for patients treated by the two groups. These results were cited by the authors to suggest that both groups should have equal access to special care units, even in large teaching hospitals. Although we agree that all physicians should have access to intensive care units, we question the design and conclusions of this study. No mention is made of admission or discharge criteria for the patients admitted to the units. In addition, it would appear that all patients were actually managed by an intern and a third-year medical resident and that neither family physicians nor
For profit medicine in United States under scrutiny
Authors: F. B Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Three executives in America's largest for profit hospital chain, Columbia/HCA, have been indicted on fraud and conspiracy charges involving Medicare reimbursement to hospitals.

Robert Whitehouse, director of reimbursement at Columbia's headquarters in Nashville, Tennessee, Michael Neeb, chief financial officer of its northern Florida division, and Jay Jarrell, chief executive of its southwest Florida division, will appear before a federal judge on 19 August.

The indictments were handed down by …
Cholesterol and mortality in New Zealand Maoris.
Authors: R Beaglehole, M A Foulkes, I A Prior, E F Eyles
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The relation between serum cholesterol concentration and mortality was studied prospectively over 11 years in 630 New Zealand Maoris aged 25-74. Serum cholesterol concentration was measured at initial examination in 1962-3 in 94% of the subjects and whether each was dead or alive was determined in 1974. The causes of death were divided into three categories: cancer, cardiovascular disease, and "other." The Mantel-Haenszel method of analysis of survivorship data showed a significant inverse relation between serum cholesterol concentration and overall mortality in men (x 2/2 = 11.6; p = 0.003) and women (x 2/2 = 7.6; p = 0.02) with odds ratios of 2.3 and 1.9 respectively. Similar significant inverse relations were found for cancer and "other" causes of death. These relations remained significant when baseline age, systolic blood pressure, and the Quetelt index were controlled in Cox9s proportional hazards regression model. The results of this study provide evidence for a potentially deleterious effect of low serum cholesterol concentration. Hence, further research is needed before indiscriminate efforts are made to lower serum cholesterol concentrations in New Zealand Maoris.
Development and evaluation of complex interventions in health services research: case study of the Southampton heart integrated care project (SHIP)
Authors: F. Bradley, R. Wiles, A.-L. Kinmonth, D. Mant, M. Gantley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

the trial) and put the initial protocol into operation; KJ took over this role in March 1966.DM oversaw the trial as principal investigator; HS deputised in this role for much of 1997-8.ST and SS designed and carried out the statistical analysis.Andrew Davies and Martin Buxton designed and carried out the economic analysis.Derek Johnston and Marie Johnston designed the psychological assessment.Viv Speller was responsible for designing behavioural change aspects of the intervention and for organising initial nurse training and support.Derek Waller coordinated the hospital based element of the intervention.David Wood chaired the steering group.KJ and DM drafted the text of the paper with the support of a writing group consisting of the other authors listed.DM is guarantor for the study.
Book: HIV and AIDS: Testing, Screening, and Confidentiality
Authors: D Sicard
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Rebecca Bennett, Charles A Erin Clarendon Press, £35, pp 302 ISBN 0 19 823801 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> It is not so much because of the seriousness of HIV infection or its universal spread that human rights are at stake, but more because of the moral connotation, the public revelation of intimacy, and the discrimination linked to the factors of transmission that are implied by the infection. No other disease associates both the physical anguish of death and the existential anguish of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Ultrasound and Thoracentesis
Authors: Atis K. Freimanis
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor. —  A recent article, Thoracentesis Under Fluoroscopic Control by Collins et al (237:2751-2752, 1977), describes a method of obtaining pleural fluid when a small amount is present and when it may be difficult to find by other methods.  When suitable ultrasonic diagnostic equipment is present, radiation exposure both to the patient and operator can be saved by localizing the pleural fluid by ultrasound and aspirating it under ultrasonic guidance. Ultrasonic diagnosis is of little use in the lung itself. However, when pleural fluid is adjacent to the chest wall, it can be localized by ultrasound and a suitable puncture site identified.
MKKing the most of liver regeneration: An in vivo screen identifies the MKK4 pathway as a suppressor of regeneration
Authors: Vinitha Jacob, Kirsten C. Sadler, T Wuestefeld, M Pesic, R Rudalska, D Dauchm, T Longerich, T W Kang
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Abstract The liver harbors a distinct capacity for endogenous regeneration; however, liver regeneration is often impaired in disease and therefore insufficient to compensate for the loss of hepatocytes and organ function. Here we describe a functional genetic approach for the identification of gene targets that can be exploited to increase the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes. Pools of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were directly and stably delivered into mouse livers to screen for genes modulating liver regeneration. Our studies identify the dual-specific kinase MKK4 as a master regulator of liver regeneration. MKK4 silencing robustly increased the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes in mouse models of liver regeneration and acute and chronic liver failure. Mechanistically, induction of MKK7 and a JNK1-dependent activation of the AP1 transcription factor ATF2 and the Ets factor ELK1 are crucial for increased regeneration of hepatocytes with MKK4 silencing.