tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Active Bleeding Gastric Ulcer Demonstrated by Tc-99m RBC Gastrointestinal Bleeding Study
Authors: TSUNEO HIRANO, AKIHIRO NAKAMURA, SATORU IWATA, YASUHITO SASAKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 44-year-old man with abdominal pain had a gastrointestinal bleeding study with Tc-99m RBC. Sequential dynamic images showed progressive accumulation of radiotracer in the stomach, which was identified by the subsequent static images. There was an active bleeding gastric ulcer, which was confirmed by gastroscopy.
Metformin, Independent of AMPK, Inhibits mTORC1 in a Rag GTPase-Dependent Manner
Authors: Adem Kalender, Anand Selvaraj, So Young Kim, Pawan Gulati, Sophie Brûlé, Benoit Viollet, Bruce E. Kemp, Nabeel Bardeesy, Patrick Dennis, John J. Schlager, André Marette, Sara C. Kozma, George Thomas
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
US has biggest blood shortage since war
Authors: J Roberts, L Byrne
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Nature, technology, and irrational fear have combined to create the greatest shortage of blood in the US since the second world war. A spokeswoman from the American Association of Blood Banks, which represents 2400 blood banks including the American Red Cross, said that demand for blood had risen beyond expectations while the supply had shrunk.

About 40 cities across 21 states have postponed elective operations because blood banks have less than a day's supply of blood for transfusion on reserve. Blood banks in the US usually aim …
Wild-type MIC distributions, epidemiological cutoff values and species-specific clinical breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida: Time for harmonization of CLSI and EUCAST broth microdilution methods
Authors: M.A. Pfaller, D. Andes, D.J. Diekema, A. Espinel-Ingroff, D. Sheehan
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2010)
Fondaparinux reduced a composite of VTE complications or death in superficial leg-vein thrombosis
Authors: Walter Ageno
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club15 February 2011Fondaparinux reduced a composite of VTE complications or death in superficial leg-vein thrombosisWalter Ageno, MDWalter Ageno, MDUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy (W.A.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-4-201102150-02003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationDecousus H, Prandoni P, Mismetti P, et al. Fondaparinux for the treatment of superficial-vein thrombosis in the legs. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1222-32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20860504Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Emergency Med: Hospitalists: Hematology: References1 Di Nisio M, Wichers IM, Middeldorp S. Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD004982. [PMID: 17443561] Google Scholar2 Decousus H, Quéré I, Presles E, et al. Superficial venous thrombosis and venous thromboembolism: a large, prospective epidemiologic study. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:218-24. [PMID: 20157136] Google Scholar3 Prandoni P, Tormene D, Pesavento R, et al. High vs. low doses of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis of the legs: a double-blind, randomized trial. J Thromb Hemost. 2005;3:1152-57. [PMID: 15946202] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Walter Ageno, MDAffiliations: University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (W.A.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 February 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAvoiding disease mongering: A checklist for vascular physicians and researchersTreatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg 15 February 2011Volume 154, Issue 4Page: JC2-3KeywordsCathetersDeep vein thrombosisDrugsHemorrhageLow molecular weight heparinMortalityPulmonary embolismSafetyThrombosisVeins ePublished: 15 February 2011 Issue Published: 15 February 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Differential Diagnosis and the Competing-Hypotheses Heuristic
Authors: Fredric M. Wolf, Larry D. Gruppen, John E. Billi
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Evaluating the same diagnostic information across the plausible competing diagnoses is a practical strategy (ie, heuristic) to guide decision making in the face of uncertainty. The prevalence of use of this competing-hypotheses heuristic by 89 first-year house officers was examined in three simulated patient cases. Results indicated that only a minority (24%) of the house officers selected optimal diagnostic information consistent with this Bayesian heuristic across all three cases. Almost all (97%) of the house officers selecting optimal diagnostic information were able to identify the most probable diagnosis specified by Bayes' theorem, while only a chance number (53%) of house officers selecting nonoptimal information were able to identify the most probable diagnosis. The competing-hypotheses heuristic is discussed within the context of diagnostic problem-solving models derived from the literature on medical decision making and clinicopathological conference case records. It is suggested that the heuristic, which does not necessitate any mathematical calculations, may be useful as a complement to clinical judgment. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2858-2862)
Bone Scintigraphy in Pleural Metastases of Osteogenic Sarcoma
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, STUART T. STYLES, CHUN K. KIM, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A 27-year-old woman with metastatic osteogenic sarcoma of the pleura and lungs underwent Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy as part of a metastatic evaluation. Extensive, intense, pleural, and pulmonary parenchymal tracer uptake in the metastatic deposits was identified.
Smart Surgeons, Sharp Decisions: Cognitive Skills to Avoid Errors and Achieve Results
Authors: Daniel J. Kacey
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat fatty liver: Role of nutritional status
Authors: Paolo Caraceni, Bruno Nardo, Marco Domenicali, Paola Turi, Manuela Vici, Mara Simoncini, Nicola De Maria, Franco Trevisani, David H. Van Thiel, Massimo Derenzini, Antonino Cavallari, Mauro Bernardi
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Fatty livers are more sensitive to the deleterious effects of ischemia–reperfusion than normal livers. Nutritional status greatly modulates this injury in normal livers, but its role in the specific setting of fatty liver is unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of nutritional status on warm ischemia–reperfusion injury in rat fatty livers. Fed and fasted rats with normal or fatty liver induced by a choline deficient diet underwent 1 hour of lobar ischemia and reperfusion. Rat survival was determined for 7 days. Serum transaminases, liver histology and cell ultrastructure were assessed before and after ischemia, and at 30 minutes, 2 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours after reperfusion. Survival was also determined in fatty fasted rats supplemented with glucose before surgery. The preischemic hepatic glycogen was measured in all groups. Whereas survival was similar in fasted and fed rats with normal liver (90% vs. 100%), fasting dramatically reduced survival in rats with fatty liver (14% vs. 64%, P &lt; .01). Accordingly, fasting and fatty degeneration had a synergistic effect in exacerbating liver injury. Mitochondrial damage was a predominant feature of ultrastructural hepatocyte injury in fasted fatty livers. Glucose supplementation partially prevented the fasting–induced depletion of glycogen and improved the 7–day rat survival to 45%. These data indicate that rat fatty livers exposed to normothermic ischemia–reperfusion injury are much more sensitive to fasting than histologically normal livers. Because glucose supplementation improves both the hepatic glycogen stores and the rat survival, a nutritional repletion procedure may be part of a treatment strategy aimed to prevent ischemia–reperfusion injury in fatty livers
Academic Medicine
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

IN this brief essay I wish to make two points: that academic existence is no longer threadbare and that academic medicine is no longer genteel.Although I do not foresee a quantitative peril to the academic physician, I do fear that the quality of academic medicine has changed for the worse. The prototype (or perhaps caricature) of the academician of the past is that he was white, male, and independently wealthy; that he trained in numerous places for many years; that this training included the basic sciences of the day, notably pathology, microbiology, physiology and, more recently, biochemistry; and that . . .
Partial mastectomy for breast cancer.
Authors: R E Tagart
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Our observation of an ac-cell response to arginine stimulation comparable with that seen in idiopathic diabetes agrees with the observations of Passa et a14 and contrasts with the impaired responses found in patients with transfusional haemosiderosis, suggesting that factors other than iron deposition play a part in the genesis of diabetes associated with IH.In IH, however, there may possibly be a selective destruction of the 5-cell, the high plasma glucagon values thus merely reflecting insulin lack, and it is of interest that McGavran et al,5 in necropsy studies, observed more iron in the n-cells than in the ax-cells.This predisposition of the p-cell .oriron deposition was, how- ever, also noted in transfusional haemosiderosis.Clearly further histological studies using modern techniques are indicated.Hepatic cirrhosis (proved in nine of our cases) may contribute to the diabetes associated with IH, but is unlikely to be the cause of the high glucagon concentrations, since liver function values were abnormal in only two of our cases and there was no evidence of portocaval shunting.These findings add to the accumulating evidence that diabetes in patients with IH is not due solely to islet cell damage by iron.' 2 4 Several factors, including hepatic cirrhosis, genetic influences, or iron deposition, might play a part.Each of these may operate to varying degrees in individual cases.
Building hygiene infrastructure is key to ending Haitian cholera epidemic, agree agencies
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Two years after the earthquake that devastated Haiti international health experts have called for action to improve water and sanitation infrastructure to ensure that the cholera epidemic that followed the disaster is eliminated from the country.

Officials from the Pan American Health Organization, the United Nations children’s agency UNICEF, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the governments of Haiti and its neighbour, the Dominican Republic, said the ultimate goal was to ensure that cholera does not remain endemic in the two countries. They were speaking at a press briefing to launch a call for action to end cholera on the island.

Even before the earthquake hit Haiti in January 2010, the water and sanitation infrastructure in the country was one of the least …
A Subset Of Novel Timothy Grass Antigens Is Associated With Marked Th1/Th2 Shifts Following Specific Immunotherapy
Authors: Veronique M. Schulten, Victoria Tripple, John Sidney, Jason Greenbaum, April Frazier, Rafeul Alam, David H. Broide, Howard Grey, Bjoern Peters, Alessandro Sette
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Cigarette smoking and rate of gastric emptying: effect on alcohol absorption.
Authors: R D Johnson, M Horowitz, A F Maddox, J M Wishart, D J Shearman
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the effects of cigarette smoking on alcohol absorption and gastric emptying. DESIGN--Randomised crossover study. SETTING--Research project in departments of medicine and nuclear medicine. SUBJECTS--Eight healthy volunteers aged 19-43 who regularly smoked 20-35 cigarettes a day and drank small amounts of alcohol on social occasions. INTERVENTIONS--Subjects drank 400 ml of a radiolabelled nutrient test meal containing alcohol (0.5 g/kg), then had their rates of gastric emptying measured. Test were carried out (a) with the subjects smoking four cigarettes an hour and (b) with the subjects not smoking, having abstained for seven days or more. The order of the tests was randomised and the tests were conducted two weeks apart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Peak blood alcohol concentrations, absorption of alcohol at 30 minutes, amount of test meal emptied from the stomach at 30 minutes, and times taken for 50% of the meal to leave the proximal stomach and total stomach. RESULTS--Smoking was associated with reductions in (a) peak blood alcohol concentrations (median values in non-smoking versus smoking periods 13.5 (range 8.7-22.6) mmol/l v 11.1 (4.3-13.5) mmol/l), (b) area under the blood alcohol concentration-time curve at 30 minutes (264 x 10(3) (0-509 x 10(3)) mmol/l/min v 140 x 10(3)) (0-217 x 10(3) mmol/l/min), and (c) amount of test meal emptied from the stomach at 30 minutes (39% (5-86%) v 23% (0-35%)). In addition, smoking slowed both the 50% gastric emptying time (37 (9-83) minutes v 56 (40-280) minutes) and the intragastric distribution of the meal. There was a close correlation between the amount of test meal emptied from the stomach at 30 minutes and the area under the blood alcohol concentration-time curve at 30 minutes (r = 0.91; p less than 0.0001). CONCLUSION--Cigarette smoking slows gastric emptying and as a consequence delays alcohol absorption.
Effectiveness of Public Report Cards for Improving the Quality of Cardiac Care
Authors: Jack V. Tu, Linda R. Donovan, Douglas S. Lee, Julie T. Wang, Peter C. Austin, David A. Alter, Dennis T. Ko
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Publicly released report cards on hospital performance are increasingly common, but whether they are an effective method for improving quality of care remains uncertain.To evaluate whether the public release of data on cardiac quality indicators effectively stimulates hospitals to undertake quality improvement activities that improve health care processes and patient outcomes.Population-based cluster randomized trial (Enhanced Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment [EFFECT]) of 86 hospital corporations in Ontario, Canada, with patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or congestive heart failure (CHF).Participating hospital corporations were randomized to early (January 2004) or delayed (September 2005) feedback of a public report card on their baseline performance (between April 1999 and March 2001) on a set of 12 process-of-care indicators for AMI and 6 for CHF. Follow-up performance data (between April 2004 and March 2005) also were collected.The coprimary outcomes were composite AMI and CHF indicators based on 12 AMI and 6 CHF process-of-care indicators. Secondary outcomes were the individual process-of-care indicators, a hospital report card impact survey, and all-cause AMI and CHF mortality.The publication of the early feedback hospital report card did not result in a significant systemwide improvement in the early feedback group in either the composite AMI process-of-care indicator (absolute change, 1.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.2% to 5.1%; P = .43) or the composite CHF process-of-care indicator (absolute change, 0.6%; 95% CI, -4.5% to 5.7%; P = .81). During the follow-up period, the mean 30-day AMI mortality rates were 2.5% lower (95% CI, 0.1% to 4.9%; P = .045) in the early feedback group compared with the delayed feedback group. The hospital mortality rates for CHF were not significantly different.Public release of hospital-specific quality indicators did not significantly improve composite process-of-care indicators for AMI or CHF.http://clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00187460.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection
Authors: Margaret Trexler Hessen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

This issue provides a clinical overview of Clostridium difficile infection focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, practice improvement, and patient information. Readers can complete the accompanying CME quiz for 1.5 credits. Only ACP members and individual subscribers can access the electronic features of In the Clinic. Non-subscribers who wish to access this issue of In the Clinic can elect "Pay for View." Subscribers can receive 1.5 category 1 CME credits by completing the CME quiz that accompanies this issue of In the Clinic. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including PIER (Physicians' Information and Education Resource) and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing division and with assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from PIER and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult www.acponline.org, http://pier.acponline.org, and other resources referenced within each issue of In the Clinic.
Importance of Prolonged Compression during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Man
Authors: George J. Taylor, W. Michael Tucker, H. Leon Greene, Michael T. Rudikoff, Myron L. Weisfeldt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Standards for external cardiac compression include compression of the chest for 50 per cent of cycle time and a compression rate of 60 per minute.1 Warnings are given against "quick jabs." Animal studies do, in fact, suggest that the duration of prolonged compression is important in effective resuscitation.2 To achieve a duration of 50 per cent during manual external cardiac compression, there must be a distinct pause at maximal compression. Application of this principle to man appears to have been slow, perhaps because of doubts about the applicability of animal data to man. In view of the obvious importance of . . .
Bronchiolitis, Deception in Research, and Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Robert Vinci, Howard Bauchner
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Congenital malignant melanoma
Authors: N. ISHII, S. ICHIYAMA, S. SAITO, T. KUROSAWA, H. NAKAJIMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

A case is reported of congenital malignant melanoma that occurred in the absence of maternal melanoma or a congenital giant naevus. The patient had the melanoma on the left thigh excised 54 days after birth, but later died at the age of 18 months with multiple metastases.
Adult Cystic Fibrosis Exacerbations and New Strains of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
Authors: Shawn D. Aaron, Karam Ramotar, Wendy Ferris, Katherine Vandemheen, Raphael Saginur, Elizabeth Tullis, David Haase, Dan Kottachchi, Melissa St. Denis, Francis Chan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

We hypothesized that in adults with cystic fibrosis, the acquisition of a new strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be associated with a pulmonary exacerbation. Eighty-four patients who were chronically infected with P. aeruginosa were prospectively followed from eight centers over a 26-month period. Patients had sputum cultures performed every 3 months while clinically stable and at the time of an exacerbation. Forty patients (48%) had an exacerbation requiring intravenous antibiotics during the study period, and in 36 of these patients, their P. aeruginosa isolates were genetically typeable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In 34 of the 36 patients (94%), P. aeruginosa recovered during clinical stability and at exacerbation were of the same genotype. In only two patients (6%; 95% confidence interval, 0-18%) was a new P. aeruginosa clone cultured during an exacerbation that had not been cultured during clinical stability. There were no significant differences in antibiotic susceptibilities, measured as mean minimal inhibitory concentrations, for isolates retrieved during clinically stable periods compared with isolates retrieved during exacerbations. We conclude that for the majority of adult patients with cystic fibrosis a new pulmonary exacerbation is not caused by the acquisition of a new strain of P. aeruginosa.