tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Valine-alanine manganese superoxide dismutase polymorphism is not associated with alcohol-induced oxidative stress or liver fibrosis
Authors: Stephen F. Stewart, Julian B. Leathart, Yuanneng Chen, Ann K. Daly, Roberta Rolla, Daria Vay, Elisa Mottaran, Matteo Vidali, Emanuele Albano, Chris P. Day
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is receiving increasing attention. Recently, it has been reported that homozygosity for a valine to alanine substitution in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) represents a risk factor for severe ALD. Because this mutation is postulated to modify enzyme transport into mitochondria, we have sought confirmatory evidence of this association in a larger group of patients and investigated whether this polymorphism might influence alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Genotyping for the valine-alanine (Val-Ala) polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene in 281 patients with advanced ALD (cirrhosis/fibrosis) and 218 drinkers without liver disease showed no differences in either the heterozygote (55% vs. 50%) or the homozygote (19% vs. 23%) frequency for the alanine allele. By measuring the titers of circulating antibodies against oxidized cardiolipin (OX-CL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) or hydroxy-ethyl radical (HER) adducts as markers of oxidative stress, we found a significant increase in ALD patients compared with healthy controls. However, the carriers of the alanine Mn-SOD allele had titers of anti-MDA, anti-HER, and anti-OX-CL IgG comparable with heterozygotes and patients homozygous for the valine allele. Similarly, the frequency of subjects with antibody titers above the 95th percentile of controls was not increased among homozygotes for the alanine Mn-SOD allele. In conclusion, in our population Val-Ala polymorphism in Mn-SOD influences neither susceptibility to alcohol-induced liver fibrosis nor alcohol-induced oxidative stress.
Bullous Dermatosis of Hemodialysis
Authors: BARBARA GILCHREST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Five patients with chronic renal failure who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis developed a self-limited bullous dermatosis restricted to light exposed areas, primarily involving the dorsa of the hands. Porphyrin levels and phototesting were normal, but histologic sections of the bullae showed thickening of venule walls, hypogranulated mast cells, and perivenular deposition of immunoglobulins. This combination of features has not previously been described and may reflect a pathologic process unique to chronic hemodialysis.
DISABILITIES OF HAND RESULTING FROM LOSS OF JOINT FUNCTION
Authors: SUMNER L. KOCH
Journal: JAMA (1935)

In suggesting the subject of disabilities of the hand resulting from loss of joint function I wish to submit a problem for consideration and discussion rather than a report of facts ascertained and results accomplished. To attempt to secure improvement of function in a hand with its joints fixed in flexion or extension has been difficult and often unsuccessful. An important complicating factor in many cases has been injury and fixation of tendons as a result of the original injury or infection. Not uncommonly the inability on the part of the patient to perform active movements and the failure to maintain passive movements have been quite as important factors in contributing to the joint fixation as have the injury or infection. Once joint function has been lost, the problem of restoration has presented so many difficulties that one constantly recurs in his mind to what might have been, and the
Calcineurin Promotes the Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Vascular Myocytes and Mediates Vascular Inflammation
Authors: Hiroshi Satonaka, Etsu Suzuki, Hiroaki Nishimatsu, Shigeyoshi Oba, Ryo Takeda, Atsuo Goto, Masao Omata, Toshiro Fujita, Ryozo Nagai, Yasunobu Hirata
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Although the role of the calcineurin-dependent pathway in the development of cardiac hypertrophy has been intensively studied, little is known of its role in vascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. To help elucidate the role of calcineurin in vascular inflammation, we infected cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with an adenovirus construct expressing a constitutively active mutant of calcineurin, and examined its effect on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). We also examined the role of calcineurin in vivo using a transluminal wire injury model of the rat femoral artery. Forced activation of calcineurin significantly increased the expression of MCP-1 both at the transcriptional and protein levels. Angiotensin II (Ang II) also significantly stimulated MCP-1 expression, and this increase was significantly inhibited by cyclosporin A (CyA). Constitutive activation of calcineurin stabilized MCP-1 mRNA without enhancing MCP-1 promoter activity. In accordance with the results, Ang II-induced increase of MCP-1 promoter activity was not suppressed by CyA. Ang II stabilized MCP-1 mRNA, and this effect of Ang II was diminished by CyA. CyA suppressed MCP-1 expression in the femoral artery after the transluminal mechanical injury. CyA also inhibited macrophage infiltration and neointimal formation in the wire-injured femoral arteries. These results suggested that calcineurin mediates vascular inflammation via stimulation of MCP-1 expression in VSMCs and macrophage infiltration.
Prognostic value of altered oral glutamine challenge in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Manuel Romero-Gómez, Lourdes Grande, Inés Camacho
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Oral glutamine challenge (OGC) has been found to be safe, and an altered response predicts elevated risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). We assessed the survival prognosis of patients with cirrhosis, but without current overt HE, who have an altered OGC and MHE. MHE was inferred using 3 neuropsychological tests. Venous ammonia concentrations were measured pre- and post-60 minutes of a 10 g oral glutamine load. The median follow-up was 25.2 months, by which time 22 patients had had bouts of overt HE and 18 had died from liver-related causes. The results in 126 patients with cirrhosis, indicated 25 with MHE and abnormal OGC response. Survival among patients who developed overt HE was 59% at 1 year and 38% at 3 years. In patients without HE, survival was 96% and 86% at 1 and 3 years, respectively (log-rank 50.9, P &lt; .0001). The presence of MHE was not related to survival (log-rank 2.21, P = .23). Patients with MHE and abnormal OGC test had elevated mortality risk (log-rank 13.1, P = .0003). Multivariate analyses indicated Child-Pugh score (hazard ratio [HR] 1.46; 95% CI, 1.46-2.08), and MHE plus altered OGC response (HR 5.5; 95% CI, 1.81-16.6) were predictors of mortality, whether from liver-related or non-liver-related causes. In conclusion, a pathological OGC response in patients with MHE appears to be associated with lower survival rate and may prove useful in the selection of candidates for liver transplantation. (Hepatology 2004;39:939-943.)
THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: EDWARD F. WELLS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The history of pulmonary tuberculosis during the last quarter of the century now drawing to a close may be considered by the physician and humanitarian with a fair degree of complacency. The essential cause of the disease has been discovered; the avenues of infection have been located; promising methods of prevention have been formulated. The physician and the health officer are enthusiastic and alert to their duties and responsibilities, and they are guiding a public fairly intelligent and ready to accept the proffered advice; the malady is being discovered earlier, is probably being more effectively managed, and is declining in prevalence. If one will but re-read the chapters on the diagnosis of pulmonary consumption, by Laennec, Louis, Andral, Copland, Watson, Eberle, Drake, Gerhard, Trousseau, Flint and Waldenburg—master minds of their day and certainly<i>au fait</i>with the literature and diagnostics of their generation—and compare them with the like chapters of
The Biology of Race
Authors: L. Clovis Hirning
Journal: JAMA (1972)

We find ourselves getting increasingly entangled between two extreme positions on the subject of race: one emphasizing the determination by heredity of behavior, ability, and physical appearance, and the other stressing environmental influences, sometimes to the point of denying that races exist. This little book attempts to cut through the sterile confrontations between these two dogmas.  It begins by pointing out the individual variation in all groups or organisms and, where interbreeding occurs between groups, the different frequencies of individual traits. Different groups within a larger interbreeding whole are subspecies or races.  The author describes the ways in which genetic determinants are related to the maintenance of the way of life of any sexually reproducing species. This leads to an outline of the polygenic model for explaining the inheritance of continuously varying traits like stature, blood pressure, or pigmentation.  A chapter dealing with just what is inherited in terms of
702 HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN SERUM LEVELS AND SPECIFIC T CELLS RESPONSE IMPROVE THE MONITORING OF NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES TREATMENT IN HBEAG-NEGATIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: L. Micco, A. Gramenzi, E. Loggi, S. Galli, C. Cursaro, F. Cannoletta, S. Fiorino, F. Bihl, M. Bernardi, P. Andreone
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
The Stress Response and the Regulation of Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Esther M. Sternberg, George P. Chrousos, Ronald L. Wilder, Philip W. Gold
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The molecular and biochemical bases for interactions between the immune and central nervous systems are described. Immune cytokines not only activate immune function but also recruit central stressresponsive neurotransmitter systems in the modulation of the immune response and in the activation of behaviors that may be adaptive during injury or inflammation. Peripherally generated cytokines, such as interleukin-1, signal hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons to activate pituitary-adrenal counterregulation of inflammation through the potent anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. Corticotropin-releasing hormone not only activates the pituitary-adrenal axis but also sets in motion a coordinated series of behavioral and physiologic responses, suggesting that the central nervous system may coordinate both behavioral and immunologic adaptation during stressful situations. The pathophysiologic perturbation of this feedback loop, through various mechanisms, results in the development of inflammatory syndromes, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and behavioral syndromes, such as depression. Thus, diseases characterized by both inflammatory and emotional disturbances may derive from common alterations in specific central nervous system pathways (for example, the CRH system). In addition, disruptions of this communication by genetic, infectious, toxic, or pharmacologic means can influence the susceptibility to disorders associated with both behavioral and inflammatory components and potentially alter their natural history. These concepts suggest that neuropharmacology agents that stimulate hypothalamic CRH might potentially be adjunctive therapy for illnesses traditionally viewed as inflammatory or autoimmune.
Meta-analysis: Selective estrogen-receptor modulators reduce breast cancer incidence
Authors: Aman U. Buzdar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Cuzick J, Sestak I, Bonanni B, et al; SERM Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer Overview Group. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet. 2013;381:1827-34. 23639488
NHS health checks are a waste of resources
Authors: A. Braillon, S. Bewley, C. Pisinger, R. A. Fisken, C. Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2015)

News that the government defends NHS health checks for 40-74 year olds but promises evaluation deserves more attention.1 General health checks have been evaluated: they neither reduce morbidity nor mortality, overall, for cardiovascular disease, or for cancer.2 3 4

The government was warned. In 2008, the prime minister announced “everyone in England will have access to the right preventative health check-up.” The president of the Faculty of Public Health stated …
Wyeth paid ghostwriters to draft articles promoting its hormones, PLoS Medicine and New York Times say
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The drug firm Wyeth has defended itself after court documents seemed to show that it paid a medical communications company to draft articles promoting the use of its hormone replacement therapies.

A news story in the New York Times (www.nytimes.com, 5 Aug, “Medical papers by ghostwriters pushed therapy”) said that the documents on ghostwriting were uncovered by lawyers suing Wyeth and were made public after a request in court from the medical journal PLoS Medicine and the New York Times .

The New York Times story said: “The court documents provide a detailed paper …
Dr. Stewart R. Roberts' "An Ideal of Modern Medicine"
Authors: WILLIAM C. ROBERTS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Brief Communications1 May 1969Dr. Stewart R. Roberts' "An Ideal of Modern Medicine"WILLIAM C. ROBERTS, M.D.WILLIAM C. ROBERTS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1016 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerpt"A medical center" was the title of the address given on December 16, 1915, by Dr. Stewart R. Roberts as the retiring president of the Fulton County Medical Society, Atlanta, Ga. In his address Dr. Roberts described the prerequisites of a medical center and stressed the importance of developing such a center in the Southeast. One of the requirements mentioned was a "spirit of hospitality," which meant not only an open "reception of a stranger, new book, method, fact, or idea . . . but of fellow workers and members of the profession." Physicians were advised to think of one... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM C. ROBERTS, M.D.Affiliations: Bethesda, MarylandFrom the Section of Pathology, National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.Requests for reprints should be addressed to William C. Roberts, M.D., Chief, Section of Pathology, National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 20014 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byWCR 90: Aspects of the Life and Work of William C. Roberts, MDThe Physician Legacy of Stewart R. Roberts, MD (1878–1941), “The Osler of the South”WILLIAM CLIFFORD ROBERTS, MD: An Interview by Charles Stewart Roberts, MDA son's book on his father's father 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5 Page: 1016-1018 Keywords Heart ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 3503: Targeting chemo-resistant colon cancer cells by the combination of dasatinib and curcumin: A novel therapeutic strategy
Authors: Jyoti Nautiyal, Yingjie Yu, Shailender S. Kanwar, Bhaumik B. Patel, Adhip P. Majumdar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metastatic colorectal cancer remains a serious health concern with poor patient survival. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) or 5-FU plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), the standard therapy for colorectal cancer, has met with limited success. Recurrence of the tumor after chemotherapy could partly be explained by the enrichment of the chemo-resistant sub-population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that possess the ability for self-renewal and differentiation into different lineages in the tumor. Therefore development of therapeutic strategy that target CSCs is highly desirable in reducing the risk of relapse and metastasis. The current investigation was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of the combination therapy of dasatinib (a Src inhibitor) and curcumin (a dietary ingredient) in inhibiting the growth and other properties of carcinogenesis of chemo-resistant colon cancer cells that are enriched in CSCs. Human colon cancer cells HCT-116 (p53 wild type; K-ras mutant) and HT-29 (p53 mutant; K-ras wild type) were used to generate FOLFOX resistant {referred to as chemoresistant (CR)} cells. The CR cells showed higher expression of CSCs markers, cell invasion potential and ability to form colonospheres, compared to the corresponding parental cells. The combination therapy of dasatinib and curcumin demonstrated synergistic interactions in CR-HCT-116 and CR-HT-29 cells. This caused inhibition of cellular growth, invasion and colonosphere formation and reduction in CSC population as evidenced by decreased expression of CSC specific markers: CD133, CD44, CD166 and ALDH. In conclusion, we propose that the combination therapy of dasatinib and curcumin may be an effective therapeutic strategy for re-emergence of chemo-resistant colon cancer by targeting CSC sub-population. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3503. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3503
Somatic Mutations in p85α Promote Tumorigenesis through Class IA PI3K Activation
Authors: Bijay S. Jaiswal, Vasantharajan Janakiraman, Noelyn M. Kljavin, Subhra Chaudhuri, Howard M. Stern, Weiru Wang, Zhengyan Kan, Hashem A. Dbouk, Brock A. Peters, Paul Waring, Trisha Dela Vega, Denise M. Kenski, Krista K. Bowman, Maria Lorenzo, Hong Li, Jiansheng Wu, Zora Modrusan, Jeremy Stinson, Michael Eby, Peng Yue, Josh S. Kaminker, Frederic J. de Sauvage, Jonathan M. Backer, Somasekar Seshagiri
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Inpatient Antipsychotic Drug Use in 1998, 1993, and 1989
Authors: Franca Centorrino, Marion Eakin, Won-Myong Bahk, James P. Kelleher, Jessica Goren, Paola Salvatore, Samy Egli, Ross J. Baldessarini
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

Patterns of clinical use of antipsychotic agents have changed greatly in the past decade. The authors' goal was to examine these patterns.They evaluated medication use in all McLean Hospital inpatients treated with antipsychotic drugs during 3 months in 1998 (N=349) and compared the results with McLean Hospital inpatients treated with antipsychotics in 1993 (N=299) and Boston area inpatients in 1989 (N=50).The most commonly prescribed antipsychotics in 1998 were atypical agents; olanzapine was prescribed more often than risperidone or quetiapine, which were prescribed more often than other antipsychotics. Two or more antipsychotics were prescribed at some time during their hospitalization for 150 (43%) of the patients in 1998. The total discharge dose in chlorpromazine equivalents for the 349 patients for whom antipsychotics were prescribed at discharge was 371 mg/day, 29% higher than the total discharge dose for patients in 1993 and 46% greater than the dose in 1989. The dose of antipsychotics was greater for patients with psychotic illnesses than for those with affective illnesses. Higher doses were associated with greater clinical improvement, polypharmacotherapy, and younger patient age.Emerging trends toward higher total antipsychotic doses and polypharmacotherapy require critical assessments of cost-benefit relationships.
Cyclic fluctuations in human serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels during the normal menstrual cycle: Comparison with changes occurring during oral contraceptive therapy
Authors: Suzanne Lussier-Cacan, Marianne Xhignesse, Jean-Luc Desmarais, Jean Davignon, Michael E. Kafrissen, Alcide Chapdelaine
Journal: Metabolism (1991)
IS MEDICAL EDUCATION A NECESSARY QUALIFICATION FOR DENTAL PRACTICE?
Authors: R. R. ANDREWS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

At the dental section meeting of theAmerican Medical Association, in Baltimore, some years ago, while speaking on the subject of dental education, I strongly advocated the formation of a medical university, an institution that should educate men in medicine, and have all the chairs necessary to thoroughly teach any specialty that the student should elect; and that there should be taught those principles which should give to each of its graduates the old and honored degreee, M.D. I can conceive of no reason why this idea might not become a reality in the presence of a noble enthusiasm for real progress. An undergraduate from Harvard elects his necessary eighteen courses, with the exception of the few required, distinctly different from another man in the same class, and yet both receive the same degree, that of A.B. This is practically true in the department of science, where he receives the
Biologic Activity and Receptor Binding Properties of Biosynthetic Human Insulin in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes and Mouse Soleus Muscle In Vitro
Authors: Max Fehlmann, Yannick Le Marchand-Brustel, Jacqueline Dolais-Kitabgl, Odette Morin, Pierre Freychet
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Studies from our laboratory have shown that freshly isolated hepatocytes from the adult rat represent a suitable system to measure insulin binding to cell surface receptors and insulin biologic effects. Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) binding to isolated rat hepatocytes was measured under steady-state conditions at 20°C and 37°C, using 125I-BHI and varying concentrations of unlabeled BHI. Control binding experiments were run in parallel with 125I-pork insulin and varying concentrations of unlabeled pork insulin. No difference between BHI and pork insulin binding could be detected at either temperature. Similar results were obtained when BHI and pork insulin binding was studied using purified liver plasma membranes. These results indicate that BHI binds to hepatocyte receptors with the same characteristics as monocomponent pancreatic pork insulin. BHI's stimulation of α-amino 14C-isobutyric acid (AIB) influx in rat hepatocytes was found to be indistinguishable from that induced by pancreatic human insulin or pork insulin: for the three insulins, maximal responses (about a twofold increase above basal) and concentrations producing a half-maximal response (EC50 ≅ 1 nM) were identical. The isolated mouse soleus is a slow twitch, red skeletal muscle, which binds insulin, and responds to the hormone, in a dose-related fashion as regards glucose transport and metabolism. BHI stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake to the same extent as pancreatic human insulin or pork insulin. Maximal stimulation (a fourfold increase) and concentrations which produced a half-maximal stimulation (EC50 ≅ 0.5 nM) were identical for the three insulins. These in vitro studies show that BHI has the same intrinsic activity (maximal effectiveness) and biologic potency (EC50) as pancreatic human insulin and pancreatic porcine insulin in two major target tissues of insulin, liver and skeletal muscle. Moreover, receptor-binding properties of BHI are identical to those of pork insulin in isolated rat hepatocytes and liver plasma membranes.