tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disruption of fuel servicing in the myocardium: from ‘eutaxy and efficiency’ to ‘ataxy and inefficiency’
Authors: Tetsunori Saikawa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

This editorial refers to ‘Deletion of the metabolic transcriptional coactivator PGC1β induces cardiac arrhythmia’ by I.S. Gurung et al ., pp. 29–38, this issue. 

The interrelationship between lipid and glucose metabolism and arrhythmias has recently been a topic of intense investigation. The increased prevalence of arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF) has been reported among those with obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as metabolic syndrome.1 Studies have been conducted to elucidate the close relationship between lipid metabolism and AF.2 Furthermore, the roles of inflammation and macrophages have gained attention in the development of arrhythmias and injuries.3,4

In 1990, Issemann and Green5 reported on the activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor super family by peroxisome proliferators. The nuclear receptor was named peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), and three isoforms were subsequently identified, PPAR α, β/δ, and γ. These PPARs are involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and energy production.6 PPARγ is involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and agonists of PPARγ, i.e. thiazoridinediones such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, were introduced as therapeutic agents for DM.7,8

PPARγ coactivator (PGC)-1 family proteins have recently …
Thiocyanate metabolism in human vitamin B12 deficiency.
Authors: A G Freeman
Journal: BMJ (1973)

NO 5 00 I -ICE 0.4-0.8 0.8-1.6 1.6-3.1 3.1-6.26.2-12.512.5-25 25-50 50-00 >100 MI.C. methicillin (pg/ml) FIG.2-Correlation of zone size (less diameter of disc) with M.I.C. methicillin determined after 18 hours incubation at 30'C.are usually regarded as sensitive.The rapid sensitivity test reliably distinguishes between these and methicillin-resistant staphylococci.-We are, etc.,
Noninvasive Characterization of Myocardial Molecular Interventions by Integrated Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography
Authors: Bettina Wagner, Martina Anton, Stephan G. Nekolla, Sybille Reder, Julia Henke, Stefan Seidl, Renate Hegenloh, Masao Miyagawa, Roland Haubner, Markus Schwaiger, Frank M. Bengel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Clinical and Hemodynamic Findings Following Replacement of the Mitral Valve with a Beall Valve Prosthesis (Dacron Velour-Covered Teflon-Disc Valve)
Authors: JOSEPH W. LINHART, S. SERGE BAROLD, FRANK J. HILDNER, PHILIP SAMET, JUAN C. PICCININI, JAMES L. MARSTEN, JACK J. GREENBERG
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The first 21 survivors of mitral valve replacement with a Beall valve prosthesis were evaluated clinically and hemodynamically five months after surgery. Significant clinical improvement was noted in 18 of 21 patients. When compared with preoperative data, a significant improvement occurred in pulmonary artery and left atrial pressures, cardiac index, pulmonary vascular resistance, and in the mitral valve gradient. However, the majority of the patients still had mildly elevated left atrial and pulmonary artery pressures secondary to a mean resting prosthetic gradient of 7 mm Hg. Right heart pacing and exercise significantly increased the gradient and left atrial and pulmonary artery pressures. A remarkable freedom from thromboembolic complications was noted in this series of patients.
Euthanasia and the American College of Physicians Ethics Manual
Authors: David C. Stolinsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 February 1990Euthanasia and the American College of Physicians Ethics ManualDavid C. Stolinsky, MDDavid C. Stolinsky, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-4-312_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The American College of Physicians should be complimented on its recently revised ethics manual (1). In it, the College states unequivocally that "active euthanasia is a euphemism for the intentional killing of a person" and that the physician engaged in euthanasia would be "guilty of homicide" (1). A correspondent (2) criticizes these statements as "sensationalist and unworthy."As the basis for its position on euthanasia, the College states that euthanasia is "contrary to public policy, medical tradition, and the most fundamental measures of human value and worth." The correspondent points out, quite logically, that public policy laws...References1. . American College of Physicians ethics manual. Part 1: History, the patient, other physicians. Part 2: The physician and society; research; life-sustaining treatment; other issues. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:245-52, 327-35. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Beeson S. Euthanasia and the American College of Physicians ethics manual [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:952-3. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Demac A. Thoughts on physician-assisted suicide. West J Med. 1988;148:228-30. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. WanzerFedermanAdelstein SDS. The physician's responsibility toward hopelessly ill patients: a second look. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:844-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Lifton R. The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. New York: Basic Books; 1986. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 2025 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90033 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1990Volume 112, Issue 4Page: 312-312KeywordsEuthanasiaHomicidePublic policy Issue Published: 15 February 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Shared decision making needs a care perspective
Authors: G. Olthuis, C. Leget, M. Grypdonck
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Shared decision making is increasingly the norm. Stiggelbout and colleagues claim that it is an ethical imperative,1 and characterise it as a complex intervention, in which patients and clinicians make decisions together, as partners, using the best available evidence.

Studies of the experiences of health professionals as patients show that it is not the decisions themselves but the …
Factitious phaeochromocytoma: a case for Sherlock Holmes.
Authors: I Portioli, R Valcavi
Journal: BMJ (1981)

This phaeochromocytoma-like syndrome was caused by massive ingestion of metaraminol, a drug with well-known noradrenaline-like effects.The patient is now in perfect health.His wife, however, was found guilty of attempted murder.
A clinical evaluation of the effects of an aromatic retinoid (Tigason), combination of retinoid and PUVA, and PUVA alone in severe psoriasis
Authors: J. LAUHARANTA, T. JUVAKOSKI, A. LASSUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Eighty ambulatory adult patients with severe psoriasis were included in our 14‐week study to compare the clinical effects of treatment with an aromatic retinoid (Tigason), combination treatment with aromatic retinoid plus PUVA (RePUVA), and PUVA alone. RePUVA was given by two different modifications: either 4 weeks of pretreatment with retinoid followed by 6 weeks of PUVA treatment, or 10 weeks of retinoid treatment with concomitant PUVA treatment during the last 6 weeks. The latter modification of RePUVA proved to be significantly more effective than the other treatments (P<0.01) as regards complete remission. With respect to the number of patients with good or excellent improvement (75–100% improvement) there was no marked difference between RePUVA and PUVA treatments. Retinoid alone proved to be the least effective, showing, however, a good to excellent result in 65% of patients. Besides the increase in efficacy, another advantage achieved by RePUVA was a highly significant (P<0.001) reduction of total UVA doses to about one third as compared to PUVA therapy.
Abstract 2956: The role of apoptotic blebbing in tissue homeostasis and cancer
Authors: Linda Julian, Michael F. Olson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Efficient apoptotic cell clearance prevents the release of potentially immunogenic intracellular contents into the surrounding environment to maintain tissue homeostasis; however, the importance of membrane blebbing for apoptotic cell recognition and clearance has not been established. To address fundamental questions regarding the influence of ROCK1 cleavage and consequent apoptotic membrane blebbing in cellular corpse clearance and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, mice were generated with a single amino acid substitution in the caspase cleavage site (D1113A) that converts ROCK1 to a non-cleavable (ROCK1nc) form. We previously showed that during apoptosis, caspase cleavage of ROCK1 removes an auto-inhibitory carboxy-terminal region to yield a constitutively active kinase fragment that leads to phosphorylation of downstream targets which promote contractile force generation leading to shrinkage, blebbing and nuclear disintegration. When apoptosis was induced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, the biochemical apoptotic programme itself was unaffected, although cells had significantly impaired morphological alterations. Furthermore, by imaging apoptosis of GFP labelled melanoblasts in ex vivo embryonic skin explants, the effect of the ROCK1nc point mutation was to impair typical apoptotic morphological changes. To understand the biological role of membrane blebbing in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, we used the liver-selective genotoxic compound diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to induce acute tissue damage. Following DEN treatment, we found that TUNEL positive apoptotic cells were inefficiently cleared in ROCK1nc mice, which resulted in increased neutrophil infiltration in response to the accumulating apoptotic debris. Histologically, the ROCK1nc livers appeared more damaged with evidence of steatohepatitis and perivenular damage, which was accompanied by higher serum alanine transferase levels. We then asked whether defects in tissue damage responses in ROCK1nc mice would affect tumor development in a model of DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Interestingly, ROCK1nc mice had reduced tumor volume and numbers, suggesting that defective blebbing may be beneficial for reducing tumor initiation and growth. Taken together, our results indicate that efficiency of phagocytic clearance may contribute to cancer susceptibility. Citation Format: Linda Julian, Michael F. Olson. The role of apoptotic blebbing in tissue homeostasis and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2956. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2956
Two Superb Vaccines Against Hepatitis B in Mexican Standoff-Reply
Authors: F. Blaine Hollinger
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —What we are witnessing in the previous two letters is a Mexican standoff. To this observer, the message is clear: superb yeast-derived vaccines have been developed by talented researchers from each of these reputable companies. There is every reason to believe that such vaccines will provide comparable protection against hepatitis B. The reduced immune response initially observed with early lots of Recombivax-HB<sup>1,2</sup>compared with plasma-derived vaccine apparently has been rectified by Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme through improvements in their manufacturing process and through the use of a new master seed lot (Table 2, "New/improved" column). I applaud these modifications since the "margin of safety with regard to potency" has been improved. Because of this, product selection is less of an issue. Research efforts now should be directed toward the nonresponders, that small group of individuals who fail to mount an immune response to the current vaccines and
The Assessment of Operative Results in Congenital Heart Disease by Intraoperative Indicator-Dilution Curves
Authors: ANDREW G. MORROW, H. NEWLAND OLDHAM, GEORGE M. CALLARD, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1966)

In 260 patients with intracardiac shunts, indicator-dilution curves were recorded immediately after corrective operations. In every patient, the effectiveness of the repair was also determined at late postoperative cardiac catheterization or necropsy. In 248 patient (96 per cent) the presence or absence of a shunt, determined from the intraoperative curves, was confirmed by the findings at post-operative study. The intraoperative curves were normal in 213 patients, 209 of whom had no residual communication at late evaluation; in four patients, the studies indicated initial complete correction followed by recurrence of the shunt. Abnormal intraoperative curves were recorded in 47 patients, eight of whom died. In 17 of the 39 surviving patients, postoperative catheterization revealed persistent residual shunts comparable in magnitude to those present before operation. Fourteen patients had residual shunts that did not necessitate reoperation, and in eight patients, shunts present at the conclusion of the operation were shown to close in the postoperative period. The study indicates that the recording of intraoperative indicator-dilution curves provides a reliable objective method for evaluating the effectiveness of operation in patients with circulatory shunts. If normal curves are recorded, no residual shunt may be expected in 98 per cent of patients, and postoperative catheterization may be unnecessary unless other hemodynamic data are required. If abnormal intraoperative curves are recorded, however, postoperative study is mandatory, since the shunt will persist in 80 per cent of patients, in many of whom a second operation will be indicated.
THE PHYSICAL THERAPY TECHNICIAN
Authors: A. B. Hirsh
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Terminology inThe Journalis uniformly as accurate as the titles of its articles are descriptive—so much so that one hesitates to question either of these did not an exception sometimes happen to prove the rule just given: The writer's attention has been called to the paper on "The Physical Therapeutist and the Postural Patient," by Olive Robinson, Hartford, Conn. (The Journal, Aug. 24, 1929, p. 578). The American Medical Directory does not mention a medical graduate of that name i Hartford, the inference being that the author of the otherwise excellent article is a physician's lay assistant. One therefore questions the propriety of her assuming the title of physical therapeutist. Three years ago, when the carefully prepared medical practice act was about to be adopted by the state legislature, New York physicians strenuously objected to insertion of a clause by which laymen could be designated as
The Clinical Significance of Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia
Authors: H. Aste, S. Sciallero, V. Pugliese, M. Gennaro
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Six-hundred-and-ninety-four patients with localized gastric lesions (ulcers, polyps, enlarged or irregular folds, erosions and tumors) underwent endoscopic examination and multiple biopsies. Twenty-nine proved to have severe or moderate gastric epithelial dysplasia. Another group of 123 patients were submitted to endoscopic examination and multiple biopsies, but showed no evidence of localized gastric lesions. Only one case of mild dysplasia was observed in this group. Of the 29 patients with dysplasia, 8 (27.5%) had a carcinoma in the surgical specimen. The endoscopic follow-up carried out in non-operated patients with dysplasia did not show any development of malignancy. This study shows dysplastic changes significantly associated with prominent or depressed lesions of the gastric mucosa at endoscopy. In operated patients a synchronous carcinoma is often detected in the surgical specimen.
'Caution: Pets May Be Hazardous to Your Health'
Authors: William T. Hubbert
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Today, we expect to find the label, Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health, on every cigarette package. We do not, however, place a similar label, Caution: This Pet May Be a Hazard to Your Health, on every pet. Nevertheless, the risks are there for those who handle pets. In addition, there are diagnostic hazards for those who must deal with their associated illnesses. The articles appearing in this issue ofThe Journalbring several of these hazards to our attention. If we keep such hazards in mind, we can avoid them, thereby making the rewards from informed, responsible pet ownership even greater. Likewise, an adequate suspicion of these hazards often is critical to achieving the rewards of prompt, accurate diagnosis and effective therapy.  The emotional and physical benefits derived from the human-animal bond are well recognized. The therapeutic value of the bond
Extrathyroidal release of thyroid hormones from thyroglobulin by J774 mouse macrophages.
Authors: K Brix, V Herzog
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Thyroglobulin appears in the circulation of vertebrates at species-specific concentrations. We have observed that the clearance of thyroglobulin from the circulation occurs in the liver by macrophages. Here we show that the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 were released by incubation of mouse macrophages (J774) with thyroglobulin. Thyroid hormone release was a fast process, with an initial rate of approximately 20 pmol T4/mg per min and approximately 0.6 pmol T3/mg per min, indicating that macrophages preferentially release T4. The bulk of released thyroid hormones appeared after 5 min of incubation of macrophages with thyroglobulin, whereas degradation of the protein was detectable only after several hours. During internalization of thyroglobulin, endocytic vesicles and endosomes were reached at 5 min and lysosomes at 60 min. T4 release started extracellularly by secreted proteases and continued along the endocytic pathway of thyroglobulin, whereas T3 release occurred mainly intracellularly when thyroglobulin had reached the lysosomes. This shows that the release of both hormones occurred at distinct cellular sites. Our in vitro observations suggest that macrophages in situ represent an extrathyroidal source for thyroid hormones from circulating thyroglobulin.
Napoleon Buonaparte And Schistosomiasis
Authors: Wardner D. Ayer
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  As a matter of medical historical interest, I believe now, 145 years after his death in 1821 from cancer of the stomach, that the Emperor  Buonaparte contracted schistosomiasis during his year and four months in Egypt in 1798 and 1799. I have seen no mention of this elsewhere.  After reading the proceedings of the centenary meeting at Cairo in 1962 honoring Theodor Bilharz who in 1851 first described this disease, I was impressed by the enormous incidence of this affliction in the Nile Valley, all Africa, the tropics, and the Caribbean. Suddenly it came to me, Napoleon was there, and I recalled he had had urinary difficulties. Consequently, I put my hand to it, and even read a 16-page essay on the subject.  The Napoleonic historians relate that after his sojourn in Egypt  had attacks of dysuria, strangury, and ischuria, too frequent to be disregarded.
Long-term follow-up from a phase 1/2 study of single-agent bortezomib in relapsed systemic AL amyloidosis
Authors: Donna E. Reece, Ute Hegenbart, Vaishali Sanchorawala, Giampaolo Merlini, Giovanni Palladini, Joan Bladé, Jean-Paul Fermand, Hani Hassoun, Leonard Heffner, Vishal Kukreti, Robert A. Vescio, Lixia Pei, Christopher Enny, Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Helgi van de Velde, Andrew Cakana, Raymond L. Comenzo
Journal: Blood (2014)
Developmental changes in the relation between phosphate metabolites and oxygen consumption in the sheep heart in vivo.
Authors: M A Portman, F W Heineman, R S Balaban
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

This study examines the role of phosphate metabolites in the regulation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption of the heart in vivo as a function of development. We used an open chest lamb/sheep preparation in which myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) was monitored via an extracorporeal shunt from the coronary sinus. Phosphate metabolites were monitored simultaneously using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance with a surface coil overlying the left ventricle. Graded infusions of epinephrine were used to increase MVO2 in both neonatal lambs (age 5-12 d, n = 8), and mature sheep (26-86 d, n = 6). The maximal increase in MVO2 achieved was 220 +/- 38% in the newborns and 350 +/- 66% in the mature animals. Associated with these increases in MVO2 in the newborn lambs are significant (P less than 0.001) decreases in PCr/ATP, and increases in calculated ADP and intracellular Pi. This was in contrast to the mature sheep, in which there were no significant changes in PCr/ATP, ADP, or Pi. In conclusion, we find that (a) there are changes in PCr/ATP, Pi, and ADP in newborn animals with moderate increases in work that are not apparent in mature animals of the same species and (b) that these changes suggest that cytosolic ATP hydrolysis products may be more important in regulation of myocardial energy metabolism in the newborn than in the adult.
List of Drugs fir State Board Examinations
Authors: Walter S. Haines
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We have noted with interest and pleasure the publication (The Journal, Oct. 8, 1910, p. 1302) of the list of drugs recommended for state board examinations. While we consider this list a good one, and hope to see it adopted by the various state boards, we wish to submit to you a list that might be interesting for various reasons. In the first place, it is of interest because of priority both in its conception and in its adoption. It was devised by the Committee on Pharmacology of the Chicago Medical Society in the winter of 1908, and has since been adopted by the Illinois State Board of Health to serve as a guide in the elaboration of its examination questions in materia medica and therapeutics. Secondly, it is of interest because of the similarity of the two lists, compiled originally by two entirely different bodies. These lists have later been compared and certain minor changes have been made in both in consequence. Thirdly, the therapeutic classification shows the reason for the choice of the agents included in the list, the aim having been to choose at least one typical member of each therapeutic group. Certain useful agents, such as syrup and glycerin, have been omitted because a fair knowledgeof their nature likely to form subjects of examination questions.
Nabil Fakry Salama (Father Mikhail Ibrahim Salama)
Authors: M. Salama
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Father Mikhail was born Nabil Fakry Salama on 19 July 1939 in Sohag, Upper Egypt. He graduated from Ain Shams University, Cairo in 1963 and began working in Cairo. From the start he was drawn to obstetrics and gynaecology. He obtained his diploma in surgery in 1966 from Cairo University and his diploma in obstetrics and gynaecology in 1970 from Ain Shams University. After a few years working in rural Egypt, he obtained a scholarship in obstetrics and gynaecology in a professorial unit in Cairo. His adventurous spirit then took him to Nigeria, where he …