tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regional Changes in Charcoal-Burning Suicide Rates in East/Southeast Asia from 1995 to 2011: A Time Trend Analysis
Authors: Shu-Sen Chang, Ying-Yeh Chen, Paul S. F. Yip, Won Jin Lee, Akihito Hagihara, David Gunnell
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Suicides by carbon monoxide poisoning resulting from burning barbecue charcoal reached epidemic levels in Hong Kong and Taiwan within 5 y of the first reported cases in the early 2000s. The objectives of this analysis were to investigate (i) time trends and regional patterns of charcoal-burning suicide throughout East/Southeast Asia during the time period 1995-2011 and (ii) whether any rises in use of this method were associated with increases in overall suicide rates. Sex- and age-specific trends over time were also examined to identify the demographic groups showing the greatest increases in charcoal-burning suicide rates across different countries.We used data on suicides by gases other than domestic gas for Hong Kong, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore in the years 1995/1996-2011. Similar data for Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand were also extracted but were incomplete. Graphical and joinpoint regression analyses were used to examine time trends in suicide, and negative binomial regression analysis to study sex- and age-specific patterns. In 1995/1996, charcoal-burning suicides accounted for <1% of all suicides in all study countries, except in Japan (5%), but they increased to account for 13%, 24%, 10%, 7%, and 5% of all suicides in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Singapore, respectively, in 2011. Rises were first seen in Hong Kong after 1998 (95% CI 1997-1999), followed by Singapore in 1999 (95% CI 1998-2001), Taiwan in 2000 (95% CI 1999-2001), Japan in 2002 (95% CI 1999-2003), and the Republic of Korea in 2007 (95% CI 2006-2008). No marked increases were seen in Malaysia, the Philippines, or Thailand. There was some evidence that charcoal-burning suicides were associated with an increase in overall suicide rates in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan (for females), but not in Japan (for males), the Republic of Korea, and Singapore. Rates of change in charcoal-burning suicide rate did not differ by sex/age group in Taiwan and Hong Kong but appeared to be greatest in people aged 15-24 y in Japan and people aged 25-64 y in the Republic of Korea. The lack of specific codes for charcoal-burning suicide in the International Classification of Diseases and variations in coding practice in different countries are potential limitations of this study.Charcoal-burning suicides increased markedly in some East/Southeast Asian countries (Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Singapore) in the first decade of the 21st century, but such rises were not experienced by all countries in the region. In countries with a rise in charcoal-burning suicide rates, the timing, scale, and sex/age pattern of increases varied by country. Factors underlying these variations require further investigation, but may include differences in culture or in media portrayals of the method. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
1040 INTERACTION OF THE INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM CONTRIBUTE TO LIVER INJURY AND HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
Authors: J. Endig, J. Schütt, S. Marhenke, L.E. Buitrago Molina, R. Geffers, T. Longerich, H. Strick-Marchand, F. Limbourg, M.P. Manns, A. Vogel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Radithor and the Era of Mild Radium Therapy
Authors: Roger M. Macklis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Soon after the discovery of radium, a school of practitioners arose who were interested primarily in the physiological rather than the tumoricidal powers of this new radioactive element. This treatment philosophy was called "mild radium therapy" and involved the oral or parenteral administration of microgram quantities of radium and its daughter isotopes, often as cures for rheumatic diseases, hypertension, and metabolic disorders. Manufacturers of patent medicines responded to this market by producing a variety of over-the-counter radioactive preparations including pills, elixirs, and salves. One such nostrum was Radithor, a popular and expensive mixture of radium 226 and radium 228 in distilled water. Radithor was advertised as an effective treatment for over 150 "endocrinologic" diseases, especially lassitude and sexual impotence. Over 400,000 bottles, each containing over 2 muCi (74 kBq) of radium, were apparently marketed and sold worldwide between 1925 and 1930. The death of the Pittsburgh millionaire sportsman Eben M. Byers, who was an avid Radithor user, by radium poisoning in 1932 brought an end to this era and prompted the development of regulatory controls for all radiopharmaceuticals.
Misoprostol and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Joel S. Levine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 June 1996Misoprostol and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory DrugsJoel S. Levine, MDJoel S. Levine, MDUniversity of Colorado Health Sciences Center; Denver, CO 80262Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Bubb finds my reasons for limiting the use of misoprostol to patients at greatest risk to be unconvincing. He believes that “good reasons exist to limit the population in which misoprostol is used” but does not enumerate them. I suggest that because misoprostol's effectiveness in preventing serious gastrointestinal complications [1] is unrelated to any demographic factor, the only reason to limit its use in a given population is its cost-effectiveness based on the predicted prevalence of serious complications. This fundamental concept in medical decision making, although perhaps not widely used by some, has been well described by ...References1. Pauker SG, Kassirer JP. Decision analysis. N Engl J Med. 1987; 316:250-8. Google Scholar2. Silverstein FE, Graham DY, Senior JR, Davies HW, Struthers BJ, Bittman RM, et al. Misoprostol reduces serious gastrointestinal complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:241-9. Google Scholar3. Henry D, Dobson A, Turner C. Variability in the risk of major gastrointestinal complications from nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gastroenterology. 1993; 105:1078-88. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joel S. Levine, MDAffiliations: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center; Denver, CO 80262 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1996Volume 124, Issue 11Page: 1015-1016KeywordsDecision makingDrugsGastroenterology and hepatologyIbuprofenNSAIDsProspective studiesUlcers ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Complication of Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: So Young Moon, Gregory Youngnam Chang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 45-year-old woman who had received local anesthesia underwent injection of abdominal subcutaneous fat into the vertical glabellar frown lines to remove wrinkles. Within a minute after the procedure, she had a severe frontal headache and right periorbital pain, which were followed by swelling of the right eyelid and diplopia. Examination the next day showed right-eye proptosis, chemosis, and ptosis with retraction of the frontalis muscle (Panel A). Facial sensation was spared, and there was no ocular bruit. Cranial computed tomography showed a focal, linear hypodensity, consistent with the presence of fat, in the right cavernous sinus (Panel B, arrow). . . .
Victims of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prompt code of conduct
Authors: C Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Australian government is to enforce a code of conduct for medical experiments in the wake of a $A10m (pounds sterling 4.4m) compensation payout to victims of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) transmitted by treatment. The minister for health, Dr Carmen Lawrence, has asked the National Health and Medical Research Council's health ethics committee to draft standards to make doctors accountable for mistakes. “I think the days when doctors could say, whether they were in this field or another, ‘We know what's good for you …
Isodisomy of chromosome 6 in a newborn with methylmalonic acidemia and agenesis of pancreatic beta cells causing diabetes mellitus.
Authors: M J Abramowicz, M Andrien, E Dupont, H Dorchy, J Parma, L Duprez, F D Ledley, W Courtens, E Vamos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Isodisomy (ID) is a genetic anomaly defined as the inheritance of two copies of the same genetic material from one parent. ID in an offspring is a rare cause of recessive genetic diseases via inheritance of two copies of a mutated gene from one carrier parent. We studied a newborn female with a mut(o) of methylmalonic acidemia and complete absence of insulin-producing beta cells in otherwise normal-appearing pancreatic islets, causing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The patient died 2 wk after birth. Serotyping of the HLA antigens, DNA typing of HLA-B and HLA class II loci, study of polymorphic DNA markers of chromosome 6, and cytogenetic analysis demonstrated paternal ID, involving at least a 25-centiMorgan portion of the chromosome pair that encompasses the MHC. ID probably caused methylmalonic acidemia by duplication of a mutated allele of the corresponding gene on the chromosome 6 inherited from the father. It is also very likely that ID was etiologically related to the agenesis of beta cells and consequent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in our patient. We thus speculate on the existence of a gene on chromosome 6 involved in beta cell differentiation.
Jejunal motility during cyclic total parenteral nutrition in patients with Crohn's disease.
Authors: P Ducrotte, E Koning, F Guillemot, C Guedon, E Lerebours, P Denis, R Colin
Journal: Gut (1989)

Our aim was to study the jejunal motility (a) in seven patients receiving longterm (median: 24 days) cyclic total parenteral nutrition (CTPN) for an acute exacerbation of Crohn9s disease involving the ileum and/or the colon without any sign of occlusion and (b) in six healthy volunteers undergoing the same parenteral nutrition for one day after an overnight fast. Continuous recordings, lasting 20 hours, were carried out in patients after correction of their nutritional status and significant improvement of the Crohn9s disease activity index. In five of the seven patients, we recorded seven to 14 phase III episodes (PIII) (median: 10), both more frequent and slower during the nocturnal part of the recording time as compared with diurnal. Seven to 18 PIIIs (median: 12) were found in controls. The overall duration of the motor activity was not different between these five patients and controls. In the remaining two patients, no PIII episode was recorded and 79% and 57% respectively of the whole recording time consisted of irregular motor activity. Our work therefore, shows that: (a) PIIIs remain and have a circadian variation in their periodicity and propagation velocity, in most of our patients undergoing longterm CTPN (b) CTPN does not determine a longer duration of motor rest of the small bowel in patients than in controls submitted for a short period of time to the same parenteral intake.
RELATIVE IRRITANT PROPERTIES OF THE CHLORINE GROUP OF ANTISEPTICS
Authors: Glenn E. Cullen, Herbert D. Taylor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

1. The use of the ears of rabbits is proposed in testing the irritant effect of antiseptics. 2. It is necessary, because of individual variations, to use solutions having definite irritant actions as controls. 3. 0.5 per cent sodium hypochlorite solutions have minimum irritant effects over a range of alkalinity of from about 100 to 1,000 times that of water (pH about 9 to 10). Solutions may be adjusted within these limits by use of the end-points of powdered phenolphthalein, of alcoholic solutions of either o-cresolphthalein or phenolphthalein. 4. Sodium hypochlorite solutions kept within the above range of alkalinity by either borate or carbonate buffer salts, i.e. Dakin's solution, show the same irritative properties whether made from bleaching powder and sodium carbonate, or from chlorine and sodium carbonate. 5. Electrolytically prepared solutions of the same concentration have similar irritant action. 6. Solutions, however, that have an alkalinity less than that indicated by the end-point of alcoholic phenolphthalein solutions (pH of 8.5 to 8.8) or greater than that indicated by the end-point to powdered phenolphthalein (pH of 10.2) are intensely irritating. 7. 0.5 per cent sodium hypochlorite solution from which most of the calcium has been precipitated and calcium hypochlorite solution of equivalent hypochlorite concentration are only slightly irritating. 8. 2 per cent chloramine-T solution has no irritant action. 9. 5 per cent dichloramine-T in chlorcosane and chlorcosane alone irritate rabbit ears to a slight degree only.
Aid after disasters: Economic considerations tend to take priority
Authors: Awori J Hayanga
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—In their editorial van Ommeren et al show that reactions to natural disasters are delicate international matters.1 Spiegel divided these disasters into natural disasters and complex emergencies. He cited political opinion or backlash as a predominant determining factor affecting response to these events.2 These responses, however, may instead be influenced more strongly by vested economic …
Endothelin receptor antagonist attenuates inflammatory response and prolongs the survival time in a neonatal sepsis model
Authors: Tatenobu Goto, Mohamed Hamed Hussein, Shin Kato, Ghada Abdel-Hamid Daoud, Takenori Kato, Hiroki Kakita, Haruo Mizuno, Masaki Imai, Tetsuya Ito, Ineko Kato, Satoshi Suzuki, Noriko Okada, Hajime Togari, Hidechika Okada
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Abstract 2075: miRs are altered by caloric restriction: Therapeutic implications
Authors: Anthony Saleh, Jason E. Savage, Curtis C. Harris, James B. Mitchell, Nicole L. Simone
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The anti-cancer effect of caloric restriction (CR) is thought to involve repression of insulin/IGF-1 signaling, which activates PI3k/AKT, a pro-proliferation pathway that is often up regulated in tumor cells. Several microRNAs have been shown to play roles in tumor suppression and oncogenesis. In this study we sought to determine what if any microRNAs can play a role in the anticancer effects of caloric restriction. To determine this we performed microRNA arrays on total RNA from ad libitum fed, CR, or 24-hour fasted C57b/J mice. We assessed liver and brain tissues since these are known to have great alterations with caloric restriction and we also assessed breast tissue for which there is little data with dietary alteration. Our results show that both caloric restriction and fasting alters the expression of several cancer relevant microRNAs all of the tissues analyzed. A reduction of the miR-200 and mir-17-92 cluster of miRNAs was noted and these miR's are known to be upregulated in many cancers. Conversely, increases in the mir-29 and mir-30 families of miRNAs were noted which are noted to be downregulated in many cancers. mir-29 is known to target p85 protein of PI3K which would also reduce AKT signaling. In addition, mir-29 and mir-30 are predicted to target IGF-1 and IGF-1R respectively. Analyses of protein and mRNA levels confirm that IGF-1 and IGF-1 R are down regulated by CR and fasting. Cell culture studies are ongoing to show direct targeting of these transcripts by mir-29 and mir-30. This study shows that microRNAs are involved in the potential benefits of caloric restriction and show a general role for regulation of insulin related signaling by mir-29 and mir-30 which may be provide a target that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2075. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2075
Antibacterial Bacteriological Swabs
Authors: K. F. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

p. 880) on the technique employed by Dr.R. E. Loder.I have been concerned with this subject for the past 20 years.Before the introduction of muscle relaxants, when ether was used as the main agent in all anaesthetics requiring muscular relaxation, in order to avoid the unpleasant after-effects of ether I began to use a combination of light anaesthesia with Pentothal (thiopentone), N20, and oxygen with various regional blocks (intercostal for abdominal operations, para- vertebral for herniotomies, and pre-sacral for haemorrhoidectomy).When curare and like
FDG Uptake in Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum Is Not Likely Related to Brown Adipose Tissue
Authors: Katherine A. Zukotynski, David A. Israel, Chun K. Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIS) may be associated with arrhythmias or sudden death. Increased fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in LHIS is occasionally found on positron emission tomography, and has been attributed to metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) contained within LHIS. We report a case of a patient suggesting that neither of the 2 currently known mechanisms of glucose uptake by BAT is responsible for FDG uptake in LHIS, unless a mechanism of BAT activation exists that has not been previously described. This study also suggests that FDG uptake is unlikely to be due to cardiomyocytes contained within LHIS. Inflammation is a potential mechanism, although further investigation is needed.
504 Hepatic invalidation of the tumor suppressor gene
Authors: S COLNOT, T DECAENS, M NIWAKAWAKITA, G HAMARD, C GODARD, S LEPLENIER, M GIOVANNINI, C PERRET
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Background & Aims: Recent research has suggested that apoptosis could be involved in the development of fibrosis, although it is generally considered to be a mechanism of cell removal without consequences to the tissue. Bcl-xL, an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, is expressed in hepatocytes and up-modulated during various pathologic conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the function of Bcl-xL in hepatocytes using the Cre-loxP system and to analyze the consequences of long-term apoptosis in hepatocytes. Methods: Hepatocytes isolated from mice homozygous for a floxed bcl-x allele (bcl-x fl/fl) were infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing the Cre recombinase gene (AdexCre). Bcl-x fl/fl mice were crossed with Alb-Cre transgenic mice, which express Cre under regulation of the albumin gene promoter to generate hepatocyte-specific Bcl-xL-deficient mice. Results: On AdexCre infection, primary cultured bcl-x fl/fl hepatocytes reduced their expression of Bcl-xL and rapidly underwent apoptosis associated with mitochondrial damage. In vivo hepatocyte-specific disruption of Bcl-xL resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of hepatocytes for more than 6 months. The Bcl-xL-deficient mice showed liver fibrosis with advanced age that was preceded by an increase in hepatic transforming growth factor β production. In vitro, macrophages and hepatocytes produced transforming growth factor β on exposure to apoptotic hepatocytes. Conclusions: The present study identified Bcl-xL as a critical apoptosis antagonist in hepatocytes. Furthermore, it offers proof that persistent apoptosis of parenchymal cells is sufficient to induce fibrotic responses and suggests a mechanistic link between apoptosis and fibrosis.
T cell homeostasis and systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Argyrios N. Theofilopoulos, Wolfgang Dummer, Dwight H. Kono
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

It has recently been documented that survival and homeostasis of peripheral mature T cells depend on self-recognition.Thus, contrary to previous assumptions, naive T cells apparently require a constant subthreshold signal provided by their engagement with self-MHC/peptide ligands to persist in a quiescent state.In a lymphopenic state, this self-MHC/peptide recognition provides a proliferation-inducing signal and leads to T cell expansion until the T cell pool is reestablished to a nearly normal size.Here, we postulate that homeostatic anti-self T cell proliferation may, depending on additional background genes, contribute to systemic autoimmune disease pathogenesis.Systemic autoimmunity, of which lupus is the prototypic disease, has been extensively investigated, particularly in spontaneous mouse lupus models.Despite key advances in several areas (reviewed in ref. 1), our understanding of the mechanisms leading to a breakdown of tolerance to a wide spectrum of self-molecules remains unclear.Disappointingly, early efforts to demonstrate central T cell tolerance defects in lupus mice, either with regard to deletions of endogenous superantigen-recognizing T cells or to conventional self-peptide-recognizing transgenic antigen receptor-expressing CD4 + or CD8 + cells, were unsuccessful -even in lupus mice with defects in the proapoptotic Fas pathway, by which activated T cells are eventually deleted.Although peripheral T cells of Fas-defective mice show reduced activation-induced cell death, the reasons for the excessive activation of T cells therein has not been identified.We argue below that in this and other seemingly unrelated cases, autoimmune manifestations can result from disturbances in T cell homeostasis that lead to continuous or intermittent T cell stimulation by self-MHC/peptide ligands.
Book: Drug Resistance Updates
Authors: P. Huovinen
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Churchill Livingstone, annual subscription £90, 6 issues a year ISSN 1368 7646 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Drug resistance of different cell types is an increasing medical problem, at least with regard to infectious diseases and oncology. Drug Resistance Updates is a new review journal on the subject of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Relapse of Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Five Years or More of Arrest
Authors: Roger S. Mitchell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IT has long been recognized that many years of observation are needed for proper evaluation of a therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Information on the pattern of primary relapse over many years after the attainment of arrest has recently been accumulating.1 2 3 4 It appears that the vast majority (80 to 90 per cent) of primary relapses occur within five years of attainment of arrest. Under what circumstances does later relapse occur? Just how common is it? Is it usually a manifestation of endogenous reinfection, as is generally believed, or is exogenous reinfection an important consideration?This study was undertaken in an effort . . .
TSH-RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES IN MOTHERS WITH GRAVES' DISEASE AND OUTCOME IN THEIR OFFSPRING
Authors: Nobuo Matsuura, Kenji Fujieda, Yasuhiro Iida, Seiichiro Fujimoto, Junji Konishi, Kanji Kasagi, Masahiro Hagisawa, Masaru Fukushi, Nobuo Takasugi
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Cognitive impairment and cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. A heart–brain continuum hypothesis
Authors: Pasquale Abete, David Della-Morte, Gaetano Gargiulo, Claudia Basile, Assunta Langellotto, Gianluigi Galizia, Gianluca Testa, Vincenzo Canonico, Domenico Bonaduce, Francesco Cacciatore
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2014)