tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Eotaxin and the CCR3 Receptor in Human Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kathleen J. Haley, Craig M. Lilly, Jeong-Hee Yang, Yajun Feng, Scott P. Kennedy, Thomas G. Turi, John F. Thompson, Galina H. Sukhova, Peter Libby, Richard T. Lee
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Unstable atherosclerotic lesions typically have an abundant inflammatory cell infiltrate, including activated T cells, macrophages, and mast cells, which may decrease plaque stability. The pathophysiology of inflammatory cell recruitment and activation in the human atheroma is incompletely described. Methods and Results —We hypothesized that differential gene expression with DNA microarray technology would identify new genes that may participate in vascular inflammation. RNA isolated from cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was examined with a DNA microarray with 8600 genes. This experiment and subsequent Northern analyses demonstrated marked increases in steady-state eotaxin mRNA (&gt;20 fold), a chemokine initially described as a chemotactic factor for eosinophils. Because eosinophils are rarely present in human atherosclerosis, we then studied tissue samples from 7 normal and 14 atherosclerotic arteries. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated overexpression of eotaxin protein and its receptor, CCR3, in the human atheroma, with negligible expression in normal vessels. Eotaxin was predominantly located in smooth muscle cells. The CCR3 receptor was localized primarily to macrophage-rich regions as defined by immunopositivity for CD 68; a minority of mast cells also demonstrated immunopositivity for the CCR3 receptor. Conclusions —Eotaxin and its receptor, CCR3, are overexpressed in human atherosclerosis, suggesting that eotaxin participates in vascular inflammation. These data demonstrate how genomic differential expression technology can identify novel genes that may participate in the stability of atherosclerotic lesions.
A CASE OF BLASTOMYCETIC DERMATITIS OF THE LEG.
Authors: LUDVIG HEKTOEN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

I am greatly indebted to Prof. J. B. Murphy and Dr. W. E. Coates for allowing me to use the clinical history of, and the material from, the following case of blastomycetic infection of the skin of the leg. <h3>Clinical History.</h3> —Mrs W., aged 64, married, with an uneventful family and personal history, was admitted into Professor Murphy's clinic, Nov, 10, 1897, on account of a lesion on the right leg, of which she gave the following account: Four months previously a small pimple appeared of itself, on the posterior surface of the lower third of the right leg; three or four days later a second pimple sprang up; both seemed to contain clear fluid. Gradually the two fused into one larger mass, which slowly enlarged. After one month the swelling was opened by a doctor and a bloody fluid escaped, after which it slowly "dried up." In a few
TWO CASES OF SARCOMA FOLLOWING KNOWN TRAUMA
Authors: D. H. Haler
Journal: BMJ (1931)

BRITTSlMEIA _ORA during that day.Examination showed limitation of move- ment between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae.She had twNo treatments at a week's interval, and when seen on the third occasion had just -got over a period which, she said, was the best time she had had in her life.After two more treatments, carrying her over the next period, her mistress wrote:I am happy to have to report about my maid that her period arrived before she got home on WVednesday.She was able to keep about that evening, and was only sick twice the next day, kept about, did her work, and ate her food apparently quite normally . . .altogether
T cell factor 1 initiates the T helper type 2 fate by inducing the transcription factor GATA-3 and repressing interferon-γ
Authors: Qing Yu, Archna Sharma, Sun Young Oh, Hyung-Geun Moon, M Zulfiquer Hossain, Theresa M Salay, Karen E Leeds, Hansen Du, Beibei Wu, Marian L Waterman, Zhou Zhu, Jyoti Misra Sen
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Cyclosporine a protects against arachidonic acid toxicity in rat hepatocytes: Role of CYP2E1 and mitochondria
Authors: Defeng Wu, Arthur I. Cederbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important for the development of alcoholic liver injury. The goal of this report was to characterize toxicity by arachidonic acid (AA), its enhancement by salicylate, and the role of mitochondrial injury in the pathway leading to toxicity in hepatocytes from pyrazole-treated rats. AA caused toxicity that was increased by sodium salicylate. This synergistic toxicity was reduced by diallyl sulfide (DAS), an inhibitor of CYP2E1; Trolox ([+/-] 6-hydroxy, 2, 5, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation; Z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (ZVAD-FMK), a pan caspase inhibitor; and by cyclosporine A (CsA), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Mitochondrial membrane potential also was reduced, and this was prevented by cyclosporine, diallyl sulfide, and Trolox. There was release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and activation of caspase 3, which were prevented by cyclosporine, diallylsulfide, and Trolox. Toxicity was prevented by expression of catalase either in the cytosolic or the mitochondrial compartment. Levels of CYP2E1 rapidly declined, and this was partially prevented by salicylate. These results are consistent with a model in which CYP2E1-dependent production of reactive oxygen species enhances lipid peroxidation when AA is added to hepatocytes. This results in damage to the mitochondria, with initiation of a membrane permeability transition and a decline in membrane potential, followed by release of cytochrome c, caspase 3 activation, and cellular toxicity. In conclusion, damage to mitochondria appears to play an important role in the CYP2E1 plus AA toxicity.
Risk of Twinning as a Function of Maternal Height and Body Mass Index
Authors: O. Basso
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Western array analysis of human atherosclerotic plaques: downregulation of apoptosis-linked gene 2
Authors: W Martinet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: In recent years, microarray techniques have been used to characterize differences in mRNA populations between atherosclerotic plaques and normal arterial tissue. Because proteomics provide an attractive complementary approach to genomics, we used Western array technology as a global protein profiling method to identify differentially expressed proteins with potential pathobiological relevance in human atherosclerotic plaques. Methods: Cell lysates from human carotid endarterectomy specimens and non-atherosclerotic mammary arteries were screened with monoclonal antibodies (823 in total) that were combined into unique cocktails. Hits were verified with traditional Western blotting. Results: Seven proteins with a >5-fold relative expression difference were identified. One of the most apparent changes in human plaques was the downregulation of apoptosis-linked gene 2 (ALG-2), a positive mediator of apoptotic cell death. Differential expression of ALG-2 in human plaques relative to mammary arteries was not confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation. Uptake of aggregated LDL (agLDL) downregulated ALG-2 protein expression in THP-1 macrophages, but not in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Transfection of THP-1 cells with ALG-2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) caused ALG-2 depletion and inhibited the execution phase of apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) but did not affect caspase-3 activation, annexin-V labeling and necrotic cell death. Conclusion: Western array screening of carotid endarterectomy specimens revealed a strong downregulation of ALG-2 protein. Because ALG-2 has pro-apoptotic potential, our results point to a novel survival mechanism against cell death in human atherosclerotic plaques.
Impaired Il-10 Production in Response to Bacterial Stimuli But Not Bifidobacterium Colonization in Neonate is Associated with Eczema in 7 Months of Age
Authors: S. Suzuki, N. Shimojo, E. Campos, M. Yamaguchi, K. Kimura, S. Ikegami, Y. Kohno
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> Exchange Inhibition With HOE642 Improves Postischemic Recovery due to Attenuation of Ca <sup>2+</sup> Overload and Prolonged Acidosis on Reperfusion
Authors: Hinrik Strömer, Mark C. H. de Groot, Michael Horn, Christian Faul, Andrea Leupold, James P. Morgan, Wolfgang Scholz, Stefan Neubauer
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibition with HOE642 (cariporide) improves postischemic recovery of cardiac function, but the mechanisms of action remain speculative. Because Na(+)/H(+) exchange is activated on reperfusion, it was hypothesized that its inhibition delays realkalinization and decreases intracellular Na(+) and, via Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange, Ca(2+) overload. Attenuated Ca(2+) overload and prolonged acidosis are known to be cardioprotective.Left ventricular developed and end-diastolic pressures were measured in isolated buffer-perfused rat hearts subjected to 30 minutes of no-flow ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion (37 degrees C) with or without 1 micromol/L HOE642 added to the perfusate 15 minutes before ischemia. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and pH(i) were measured with aequorin (n=10 per group) and (31)P NMR spectroscopy (n=6 per group), respectively. HOE642 did not affect preischemic mechanical function, [Ca(2+)](i), or pH(i). Mechanical recovery after 30 minutes of reperfusion was substantially improved with HOE642: left ventricular developed pressure (in percent of preischemic values) was 92+/-3 versus 49+/-7 and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 16+/-3 versus 46+/-5 mm Hg (P<0.05 for HOE642-treated versus untreated hearts). End-ischemic [Ca(2+)](i) was significantly lower in HOE642-treated than in untreated hearts (1.04+/-0.06 versus 1.84+/-0. 02 micromol/L, P<0.05). Maximal intracellular Ca(2+) overload during the first 60 seconds of reperfusion was attenuated with HOE642 compared with untreated hearts: 2.0+/-0.3 versus 3.2+/-0.3 micromol/L (P<0.05). pH(i) was not different at end ischemia ( approximately 5.9+/-0.05). Realkalinization was similar in the first 90 seconds of reperfusion and significantly delayed in the next 3 minutes (eg, 6.8+/-0.07 in HOE642-treated hearts compared with 7. 2+/-0.07 in untreated hearts; P<0.05).HOE642 improves postischemic recovery by reducing Ca(2+) overload during ischemia and early reperfusion and by prolonging postischemic acidosis.
Investigation into home care of elderly people shows cases of "serious neglect"
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Elderly people in England are sometimes left in bed for 17 hours between home visits with soiled clothing or bedding, an inquiry has found.

The Equality and Human Rights Commission says that the care of elderly people in their own homes is so poor that it breaches basic human rights.

The commission announced that it has unearthed worrying cases in its investigations into how well the home based care and support system in England is protecting the rights of people over 65.

In gathering the evidence for the inquiry the commission surveyed NHS local authorities, primary care trusts, and private sector providers of home care. Some 54% of local authorities completed the survey, along with 250 home care providers, and the commission received 503 written submissions of evidence from individuals, …
Abstract 5553: Real-time imaging of αv integrin-GFP expression in osteosarcoma cells trafficking in blood vessels of nude mice
Authors: Yasunori Tome, Naotoshi Sugimoto, Shuya Yano, Masashi Momiyama, Hiroki Maehara, Norio Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Katsuro Tomita, Fuminori Kanaya, Michael Bouvet, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We report here real-time imaging of αv integrin-GFP expression during osteosarcoma cell trafficking in blood vessels in nude mice. 143B osteosarcoma cells were transfected with an αv integrin-GFP vector. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that αv integrin immunofluorescent staining colocalized with αv integrin-GFP. Osteosarcoma 143B cells expressing αv integrin-GFP (1×106) were injected in the epigastric cranialis vein. Subsequently, round osteosarcoma cells diffusely expressing αv integrin-GFP were observed in larger veins. In contrast, punctuated αv integrin-GFP was imaged in stretched cells attached to narrow vessel walls. Osteosarcoma cells, arrested in venous valves, were observed to strongly express αv integrin-GFP. αv integrin-GFP allows the imaging of αv integrin expression during cancer cell trafficking and arrest in blood vessels which will enable the further understanding of its role in this process. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5553. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5553
Childhood Leukemia — New Advances and Challenges
Authors: Naomi J. Winick, William L. Carroll, Stephen P. Hunger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Since 1970, the rate of cure of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children has increased dramatically, from less than 30 percent to approximately 80 percent. This remarkable improvement has resulted from the marriage of laboratory and clinical science. The identification of effective agents in randomized cooperative-group studies, the application of treatment to the central nervous system before the onset of symptoms, the intensification of treatment, and the use of "risk-adapted therapy" (therapy tailored to the predicted risk of relapse) have led to today's impressive cure rates.Despite these successes, however, much work remains. Many of the children with ALL who . . .
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to germline mutations inSH2D1A, the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease gene
Authors: Maurizio Arico, Shinsaku Imashuku, Rita Clementi, Shigeyoshi Hibi, Tomoko Teramura, Cesare Danesino, Daniel A. Haber, Kim E. Nichols
Journal: Blood (2001)
Systematic review of the benzodiazepines.
Authors: R G Priest
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Gene therapy constitutes one of the most promising modes of disease treatments. Two key properties for therapeutic delivery vectors are the transduction efficiency (how well the vector delivers therapeutic cargo to desired target cells) and specificity (how well it avoids off-target delivery into the other unintended cells within the body). Here we developed a novel technology that enables multiplex measurement of transduction efficiency and specificity, particularly by measuring how libraries of delivery vectors transduce libraries of diverse cell types. We demonstrated that pairing high-throughput measurement of AAV identity with high-resolution single-cell RNA transcriptomic sequencing maps how natural and engineered AAV variants transduce individual cells within human cerebral and ocular organoids. This library- on-library technology is important for determining the safety and efficacy of therapeutic delivery vectors.
Oligoclonal repertoire of the CD8 alpha alpha and the CD8 alpha beta TCR-alpha/beta murine intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes: evidence for the random emergence of T cells.
Authors: A Regnault, A Cumano, P Vassalli, D Guy-Grand, P Kourilsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The epithelium of the small intestine in normal euthymic mice contains a large number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), some of which bear a T cell receptor alpha/beta (TCR-alpha/beta). About half of these TCR-alpha/beta IEL display the CD8 alpha alpha phenotype and the remaining have the CD8 alpha beta or the CD4 phenotypes. To examine whether TCR-alpha/beta IEL have a TCR-beta chain repertoire as diverse as that of TCR-alpha/beta lymph node lymphocytes (LNL), we used a recently described PCR technique that allows a global analysis of the TCR-beta chain repertoire. Within any given mouse, the repertoires expressed in both CD8 alpha alpha and CD8 alpha beta TCR-alpha/beta IEL populations are oligoclonal and nonoverlapping between the two subsets. The clones are largely conserved through the length of the small intestine of the same individual. However, genetically identical individuals raised under indistinguishable environmental conditions display distinct oligoclonal repertoires. Those findings indicate that few cells of CD8 alpha alpha or of the CD8 alpha beta phenotype are responsible for the repopulation of the intestinal epithelium.
CHRONIC ILLNESS AND SENESCENCE
Authors: Edward J. Stieglitz
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Modern techniques applied in both preventive and curative therapy against the acute exogenous and largely infective diseases of infancy, childhood, and youth have immensely reduced mortality in the early years of life. In the United States in the year 1900 the average life expectancy at birth was 47 years; in 1951 boy babies had an average life expectancy of more than 67 years and girl babies an expectancy of over 71 years. This increment in longevity of over 20 years in half a century, dramatic as it is, is not an unmixed blessing. The toll of prolonged disability of varying degree consequent to chronic illness is so immense as to be truly immeasurable. The burdens of chronic disease, both individually and collectively, are the source of greater tragedy than death from acute illness. The problems of chronic illness and those engendered by the increasing number of the aging and aged
THE CAUSTIC ACTION OF SODIUM SULFATHIAZOLE
Authors: Russell Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  InThe Journal, April 26, in an article on  sinusitis, F. M. Turnbull recommends the use of 5 per cent sodium sulfathiazole for local treatment. As a result, many general physicians and ear, nose and throat specialists are being requested to use this drug in the treatment of chronic as well as acute sinusitis. The following report indicates that the local use of sodium sulfathiazole, or in fact the use of any sodium salt of sulfanilamide, may be extremely dangerous in the treatment of sinusitis:  A woman had a foul purulent infection in the left antrum following the extraction of a tooth. There was some osteomyelitis in the area of the tooth socket, where there was a fistula. The teeth adjacent to the fistula were loose and the bone about the roots was involved. There was a large, loose sequestrum in the fistula. The discharge was
Extrapulmonary Sites of Radiogallium Accumulation in Sarcoidosis
Authors: STEPHEN B. SULAVIK, CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, RICHARD P. SPENCER, ALFRED J. SWYER, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH, ALVIN S. TIERSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

In an effort to detect extrapulmonary sites of radiogallium accumulation in cases of sarcoidosis, 145 separate Ga-67 citrate studies of 114 patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis were examined. The most characteristic extrapulmonary radiogallium uptake pattern was the “panda sign” in 47 patients (41%). The most common site of prominent extrapulmonary radiogallium uptake was the lacrimal glands in 101 patients (88%). Second most common was activity in one or more superficial lymph node regions such as the cervical, axillary, femoral, or inguinal in 19 patients (17%). Other extrapulmonary sites included breast uptake in 6 out of 80 women (8%), prominent splenic and nasal uptake in 9 (8%) patients, periportal accumulation in 7 (6%), and cutaneous/subcutaneous activity in 4 (4%). Because many of these individuals were receiving corticosteroids, the natural (untreated) prevalence of extrapulmonary findings may be even higher. Although the sensitivity and specificity of extrapulmonary radiogallium accumulation has still to be determined, many of the sites may be accessible to biopsy both for diagnostic purposes and to follow the effects of medications. It is therefore suggested that whole-body imaging be performed when radiogallium is administered to patients with suspected or known sarcoidosis.
Robert Koch, the Nobel Prize, and the Ongoing Threat of Tuberculosis
Authors: Stefan H.E. Kaufmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

"During my wandering through medicine, I encountered sites where gold was lying around. It needs a lot of serendipity to distinguish gold from ignobility; this however is not a particular achievement." With these words, spoken on April 12, 1908, at a New York banquet held in his honor by the German Medical Society, German physician and scientist Robert Koch reflected on his life's accomplishments. It is a rather modest statement coming from a man who created a new discipline — medical microbiology — and who was honored, 100 years ago, with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Although his . . .
Finding the Right Job in Clinical Practice or Academia
Authors: Joseph S. Alpert
Journal: Circulation (2010)

the many years of my academic career, I have often been consulted by cardiology and internal medicine trainees who are completing their education and who are now looking for the "right job" for the rest of their professional lives.I have tried to give them practical and, I hope, common-sense advice about their job searches and the negotiations that follow once they find the position that they desire.When I was asked to write this essay, my first thought was "I really don't have that much to say about this topic."In gathering my thoughts further, it seemed reasonable to explore the Internet for some concise and organized comments on the topic.I was pleasantly surprised when 2 Google searches on the topics "finding a job-general rules" and "finding a job-physician" produced a wealth of excellent articles with just the right amount of practical, common-sense recommendations.Thus,
Comparison of transplantation with reduced and myeloablative conditioning for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Koji Kato, Motohiro Kato, Daiichiro Hasegawa, Hirohide Kawasaki, Hiroyuki Ishida, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Katsuyoshi Koh, Masami Inoue, Jiro Inagaki, Keisuke Kato, Hisashi Sakamaki, Hiromasa Yabe, Keisei Kawa, Ritsuro Suzuki, Yoshiko Atsuta
Journal: Blood (2015)
Treatment of Eosinophilic Pneumonopathy
Authors: Robert W. Vines, Dumont Clark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE authors have recently treated an unusual case, which was characterized by a high blood eosinophilia and an increasing pulmonary infiltration. The patient's disease has been difficult to classify. She was much more acutely ill than the average patient with a Loeffler syndrome. Apley and Grant,1 in 1945, discussed the possible relation of some of the conditions of eosinophilia and pulmonary infiltration and termed them the "E-P syndrome." The patient fits into this general category. She was eventually treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), which appeared to be life-saving for her.Case ReportPrior to the time of hospitalization, the patient, . . .