tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE TREATMENT OF TRYPANOSOMIASIS: (A FURTHER REPORT.)
Authors: C. H. Marshall, S. M. Vassallo
Journal: BMJ (1923)

THE TREATMENT OF TRYPANOSOMIASIS.[MBJ 23134. G1ass rod 4 inches long.Recto-vesical pouch.' Colostomy, four and a half months before.Symptoms were referred to a large wound in the buttock.Removal during an operation for excision of rectum.Dense adhesions but no serious erosion of viscera.Recoverv.35.Flanged glass tube 2 inches long.Under right rectus muscle.Operation for relief of ascites fifteen years before.No symptoms except ventral hernia.The tube is still there and the patient in good health.The ascites is cured.No external sinus present. 36.Hairpin (straightened).Passing from rectum and trans- fixing the Fallopian tube.Possibly passed into rectum, about two months before.Symptoms: Dysmenorrhoea, rectal pain.Removal by laparotomy.Peritonitis round tube.Ulcer in rectum.No abdominal sinus.Recovery. 37. Bone knitting-needle 5 inches long.Left iliac fossa.Pushed tbrough uterus, fifteen months before.Symptoms: Abdominal pain increased by movement.Removal by laparotomy.Knitting- needie surrounded by omentum.No damage to viscera.Radiogram taken.No sinus.Recovery. 38.Uterine dilator 8 inches long.Below liver.Pushed through uterus four days before.No symptoms.Removal by laparotomy.No damage to viscera.Radiogram taken.No sinus.Recovery. 39.Bone knitting-needle 10 inches long.Pouch of Douglas.Possibly pushed through vagina
Human immunoglobulin inhibits liver transduction by AAV vectors at low AAV2 neutralizing titers in SCID mice
Authors: Ciaran D. Scallan, Haiyan Jiang, Tongyao Liu, Susannah Patarroyo-White, Jurg M. Sommer, Shangzhen Zhou, Linda B. Couto, Glenn F. Pierce
Journal: Blood (2005)
Abstract 721: Increased Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Wall Significantly Predicts the AAA Expansion Rate
Authors: Kamran Akram, Gerald Kolodny
Journal: Circulation (2008)

18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET is capable to image active vascular inflammation. FDG uptake is seen frequently in the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) suggesting active areas of inflammation with unknown clinical significance. We hypothesized that focally increased FDG uptake in the AAA wall predicts accelerated AAA expansion. 20 patients who had a baseline oncologic PET/CT study and a follow-up PET/CT or CT study after 1 year were included. The AAA size in two dimensions and maximum standardized uptake value (maxSUV) in focally increased FDG uptake in the AAA wall on the baseline PET/CT and the AAA size on the follow-up study were recorded in similar position. A difference greater than 1 mm in size on repeated measurements in the largest dimension between the first and second study defined AAA progression. ROC curve analysis and t-test were used for statistical analysis. A p-value&lt;0.05 defined statistical significance. 13/20 (65%) had an increase (G1), 7/20 (35%) had stable (G2) AAA size. Cardiovascular risk factors were similar between the groups (Male 53%, HTN 80%, Hypercholesterolemia 60%, DM 13%, Smoker 53%, CAD or CAD equivalent 100%, Statin use 53%). Mean AAA growth in G1 and G2 was 4.2 and 0.86 mm/year, respectively. Mean maxSUV in the AAA wall was significantly higher for G1 compared to G2 (2.88 vs. 2.03, p=0.0004). ROC analysis showed FDG uptake in the AAA wall to be an excellent test to predict AAA expansion as evidenced by an AUC=0.95. A maxSUV of 2.45 served as best cut-point to predict AAA expansion (sensitivity 92%, specificity 86%, p&lt;0.001). The correlation between maxSUV and degree of AAA expansion was r=0.7 (p&lt;0.001). After adjusting for all risk factors and statin use the maxSUV remained an independent predictor of AAA size progression (p=0.007). This is the first study to demonstrate that FDG uptake in the AAA wall significantly predicts the AAA size expansion. FDG-PET/CT may provide a mean to identify patients at high risk of AAA expansion and rupture.
Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Compared with Invasive Mediastinal Staging in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Results of Mediastinal Staging in the Early Lung Positron Emission Tomography Trial
Authors: Gail E. Darling, Donna E. Maziak, Richard I. Inculet, Karen Y. Gulenchyn, Albert A. Driedger, Yee C. Ung, Chu-Shu Gu, M. Sara Kuruvilla, Kathryn J. Cline, Jim A. Julian, William K. Evans, Mark N. Levine
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Current concepts in cancer. Nodal clearance and detection
Authors: J. W. Pickren
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN CURATIVE resections for carcinoma of the colon, rectum, and anus, the extent of metastasis of cancer cells into the resected lymph nodes is an important factor in predicting the eventual outcome in terms of whether the cancer will reappear as a distant metastasis. For example, the 5-year cure rate for surgical resection is twice as high in patients with colon carcinoma that<i>has not</i>metastasized to the resected lymph nodes, as the rate in those patients with colon carcinoma that<i>has</i>metastasized to the resected lymph nodes. When the regional lymph nodes are not involved, approximately 70% to 80% of patients undergoing a curative type of resection will be free of disease for a period of five years; but when the regional lymph nodes contain metastatic foci of cancer, the curative operative procedure will yield a disease-free period of five years in only 20% to 40% of the patients.
Balloon dilation angioplasty of hypoplastic and stenotic pulmonary arteries.
Authors: J E Lock, W R Castaneda-Zuniga, B P Fuhrman, J L Bass
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Balloon dilation angioplasty (BDA) was attempted in seven children with either stenosis or hypoplasia (a narrowing greater than 1 cm long extending past the lung hilum) of both right and left pulmonary arteries (PAs). In two of these seven, the procedure could not be performed because of technical difficulties. In each of the remaining five children (1 1/2-16 years old), the right ventricular (RV) pressure was greater than 2/3 left ventricular pressure, main PA pressure was greater than 60 mm Hg, and previous operative attempts to relieve RV outflow obstruction, including the branch PA obstruction, were unsuccessful. BDA was performed in only one PA in each patient, and was considered successful if the pressure gradient decreased, angiographic diameter increased and the percentage of blood flow directed to the dilated lung increased. BDA was successful in all five children: RV pressure fell from 104 +/- 42 to 80 +/- 30 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), the gradient across the obstruction fell from 61 +/- 51 to 32 +/- 22 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), the diameter of the narrowed segment increased from 3.7 +/- 1.2 to 6.8 +/- 1.1 mm, p = 0.02), and the percentage of blood flow (as determined by quantitative lung scan) to the dilated lung increased from 41 +/- 16% to 52 +/- 22% (p less than 0.05). No morbidity was observed in any patient. Follow-up angiograms (2-12 months) in three of five patients indicate persistence of the anatomic improvement. While BDA did not restore right-heart pressures and anatomy to normal, it provided significant hemodynamic relief to a group of patients in whom traditional operative management has usually been unsuccessful. Final determination of the role of BDA in such patients must await the results of further studies.
SOX11 promotes tumor angiogenesis through transcriptional regulation of PDGFA in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Jara Palomero, Maria Carmela Vegliante, Marta Leonor Rodríguez, Álvaro Eguileor, Giancarlo Castellano, Ester Planas-Rigol, Pedro Jares, Inmaculada Ribera-Cortada, Maria C. Cid, Elias Campo, Virginia Amador
Journal: Blood (2014)
The natural history of truncus arteriosus.
Authors: C Marcelletti, D C McGoon, D D Mair
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The cases of 23 patients whose condition was diagnosed as truncus arteriosus, type I or II, and who were seen at the Mayo Clinic during the decade preceding 1967, that is, before corrective operation became feasible, were reviewed. Ten were infants (through one year of age), and all ten have died. Eight ranged in age from more than one year through seven years of age, and all are living, except one, who diet 11 years after diagnosis. Five were older than seven years, and all had severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease; three have died. Thus, 14 of the 23 have died, and all but one surviving patient have mild to moderate disability. The generally grave prognosis for patients with truncus arteriosus warrants continued use of corrective operation, but suggests that the greatest benefit can be realized by successful correction in the infant with congestive heart failure and in early childhood before the development of severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease.
1106 Hepatic and renal ABC transporter expression as critical determinants of ursodeoxycholic acid-induced bile infarcts in bile duct-ligated mice
Authors: M WAGNER, P FICKERT, A FUCHSBICHLER, D SILBERT, J GUMHOLD, G ZOLLNER, K ZATLOUKAL, H MARSCHALL, J SCHUETZ, F GONZALEZ
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Autoimmune haemolysis: an 18-year study of 865 cases referred to a regional transfusion centre.
Authors: R J Sokol, S Hewitt, B K Stamps
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Clinical and serological records of 865 patients with confirmed autoimmune haemolysis (AIH)--a much larger series than any previously reported--were critically reviewed nd analysed. A proposed new classification for AIH based on serological findings differs from traditional classifications in that a new category of "mixed" AIH has been defined in which both "warm" and "cold" autoantibodies are present, and both are capable of causing haemolysis. Patients in this mixed group tend to have severe disease that may run a chronic intermittent course. The presentation of cold agglutinin disease is much more variable than has been seen in previous studies, haemolysis due to low titre autoantibodies being common. The AIH associated with pregnancy, usually considered as being of bad prognosis, is often mild and self limiting in the absence of other associated disorders.
Echocardiographic features of supravalvular aortic stenosis.
Authors: J L Bolen, R L Popp, J W French
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A method for the echocardiographic detection of supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is described and the findings in a series of patients are presented. When compared to angiography, the echo tended to underestimate the severity of the supravalvular aortic obstruction. However, echocardiography appears to be a valuable, noninvasive method for detecting SVAS.
Cross comparison of the IgE binding profiles to recombinant allergens from Suidasia medanensis, Blomia tropicalis and Dermatophagoides farinae using sera from Blomia- and Dermatophagoides-predominant environments*1
Authors: K. Reginald, Y.F. Gao, Y.S. Sew, H.S. Shang, F.T. Chew
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Renal transplantation from living donors
Authors: M. L Nicholson, J A. Bradley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Renal transplantation has become a victim of its own success. Increasing numbers of patients are referred for transplantation, but there has been no concomitant increase in the supply of kidneys from the traditional cadaveric donor pool. On the contrary, death rates from road accidents and strokes have declined over the past 20years.1 Over 4500patients in the United Kingdom and Ireland are awaiting a kidney transplant but only a third are likely to receive one within the next year. Clearly, therefore, the full potential of renal transplantation will be realised only if other donor sources can be developed.

Greater use of kidneys from living donors offers scope for increasing the number of kidney transplants. In the UK and Ireland kidneys from living donors account for only 5-10% of transplants compared with 30% in the United States2 and 45% in Norway.3 The geography and demographics of Norway have been important factors in the development of their living donor programme. Norway's terrain and climate mean that patients may take several hours to travel to their nearest dialysis unit. Consequently, the Norwegians have developed a …
Neuromuscular disease in patients with steatorrhoea.
Authors: H J Binder, G B Solitare, H M Spiro
Journal: Gut (1967)

COMMENT This report stresses that chronic muscle wasting, paralysis, and sensory loss may accompany or precede steatorrhoea.Gluten hypersensitivity may or may not be a feature of this syndrome in which the steatorrhoea is characteristically severe and refractory to treatment.Although the association of neuromuscular dis- orders with steatorrhoea was recognized long ago (Woltman and Heck, 1937), it is not widely appreci- ated that some patients with steatorrhoea have disabling neuromuscular symptoms which sometimes overshadow or may even precede their digestive complaints.We describe here four patients with steatorrhoea with marked muscle weakness and wasting in whom neurological signs and symptoms were particularly prominent, and suggest that in every patient with a neuromyopathy of undefined origin steatorrhoea ought to be considered. CASE REPORTSA.J. A.J. was a 60-year-old white male admitted to the Yale-New Haven Hospital for the eighth time in September 1965.He had first noted the onset of pain and numbness in his feet in 1958, and soon thereafter ex- perienced difficulty in walking and marked weakness in both lower legs.Neurological examination at that time revealed decreased muscle strength distally in both legs, absent deep tendon reflexes, and absent vibration sense below the neck without any other sensory disturbances.The only laboratory abnormality was a cerebrospinal fluid protein level of 280 mg.% without pleocytosis.A diagnosis of atypical polyneuritis was made.No evidence of carcinoma, diabetes mellitus, or other systemic disease was found.Over the next three years, the sensory impairment per- sisted and he continued to have severe motor weakness of the arms and legs, particularly distally.Prolonged corticosteroid administration was of no benefit and was discontinued in 1963.No gastrointestinal symptoms of any kind were noted other than those associated with acute cholecystitis in 1961.In May 1964, he was readmitted for evaluation of diarrhoea of three months' duration.He had noted an increase in abdominal girth and pedal oedema associated with eight to 12 non-bloody bowel movements a day.
Geographic differences in semen quality of fertile U.S. males.
Authors: Shanna H Swan, Charlene Brazil, Erma Z Drobnis, Fan Liu, Robin L Kruse, Maureen Hatch, J Bruce Redmon, Christina Wang, James W Overstreet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Although geographic variation in semen quality has been reported, this is the first study in the United States to compare semen quality among study centers using standardized methods and strict quality control. We evaluated semen specimens from partners of 512 pregnant women recruited through prenatal clinics in four U.S. cities during 1999-2001; 91% of men provided two specimens. Sperm concentration, semen volume, and motility were determined at the centers, and morphology was assessed at a central laboratory. Study protocols were identical across centers, and quality control was rigorously maintained. Sperm concentration was significantly lower in Columbia, Missouri, than in New York, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Los Angeles, California. Mean counts were 58.7, 102.9, 98.6, and 80.8 X 10(6)/mL (medians 53.5, 88.5, 81.8, and 64.8 X 10(6)/mL) in Missouri, New York, Minnesota, and California, respectively. The total number of motile sperm was also lower in Missouri than in other centers: 113, 196, 201, and 162 X 10(6) in Missouri, New York, Minnesota, and California, respectively. Semen volume and the percent morphologically normal sperm did not differ appreciably among centers. These between-center differences remained significant in multivariate models that controlled for abstinence time, semen analysis time, age, race, smoking, history of sexually transmitted disease, and recent fever (all p-values < 0.01). Confounding factors and differences in study methods are unlikely to account for the lower semen quality seen in this mid-Missouri population. These data suggest that sperm concentration and motility may be reduced in semirural and agricultural areas relative to more urban and less agriculturally exposed areas.
Concept modeling, essential properties, and similarity spaces
Authors: Peter Gärdenfors
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Bloom argues that concepts depend on psychological essentialism. He rejects the proposal that concepts are based on perceptual similarity spaces because it cannot account for how we handle new properties and does not fit with our intuitions about essences. I argue that by using a broader notion of similarity space, it is possible to explain these features of concepts.
Tucker's Wife's Leg
Authors: Robert W. Buck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IN August, 1752, three months before his seventeenth birthday, John Denison Hartshorn of Concord, Massachusetts, came to Boston (population 16,500) to study medicine with Dr. Silvester Gardiner, who was then at the height of his career as a successful surgeon-apothecary. His shop was on Marlborough (now Washington) Street, at the corner of Winter. The boy apprenticed himself to the doctor for five years, and his master undertook to instruct him in Physick, Surgery and the business of an apothecary. Before John's term of service was completed, preparations began for the war against the French, and the young medical student died . . .
Splicing for alternative structures of Ca1.2 Ca channels in cardiac and smooth muscles
Authors: P LIAO, T YONG, M LIANG, D YUE, T SOONG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

An estimate of up to 60% of genes are subjected to alternative splicing, and 15% of human genetic diseases are associated with mutation of the splice sites [Krawczak M, Reiss J, and Cooper DN. The mutational spectrum of single base-pair substitutions in mRNA splice junctions of human genes: causes and consequences. Hum Genet 1992; 90: 41–54; Cooper TA, and Mattox W. The regulation of splice-site selection, and its role in human disease. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61: 259–66; Modrek B and Lee CJ. Alternative splicing in the human, mouse and rat genomes is associated with an increased frequency of exon creation and/or loss. Nat Genet 2003; 34: 177–80; Modrek B, Resch A, Grasso C, and Lee C. Genome-wide detection of alternative splicing in expressed sequences of human genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29: 2850–9; Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 2001; 409: 860–921] [1–5]. The molecular diversity of alternatively spliced transcripts provides templates for a myriad of protein structures that are potentially crucial to sustaining the complexity of human physiology. The extensive alternative splicing of the α11.2-subunit of the L-type Cav1.2 channel, producing splice variants with distinct electrophysiological and pharmacological properties, would impact directly on the function of the cardiovascular system. Cell-selective expression of Cav1.2 channels containing a specific alternatively spliced exon increases the functional variations for specific cellular activities in response to changing physiological signals. However, the regulation or control of the α11.2-subunit alternative splicing machinery is unknown, and the role of numerous splice variants expressed in a cell is a mystery. A systematic and concerted effort is required to determine all the possible combinations of alternatively spliced exons in α11.2-subunits in smooth and cardiac muscles. This will provide useful information to monitor changes on the usage of the entire suite of alternatively spliced exons to help relate altered Cav1.2 channel function to physiology and disease.
Improved Neurological Hammer
Authors: Richard D. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Many clinicians desiring a softer, more compressible rubber head for their neurological hammers than those of standard models, hand carve the heads from soft rubber stock such as that used for lead pencil erasers. In an attempt to fashion a neurological hammerhead with the desired softness but which also would be durable, a series of heads were made from various silicone-rubber formulations. Twelve hammerheads with initial durometer measurements of 24 were hand-fashioned from the bulk polymer and have been kept in constant clinical use for six years. Six of the hammers were used in an isolation unit where they have been subjected to over 100 routine autoclavings. Durometer measurements remained constant. Silicone rubbers for neurological hammerheads provide the clinician with a durable instrument with properties of compressibility and softness which are not altered by time or autoclaving.
Abstract P1-01-22: Which cytologically proven node-positive breast cancer patients can avoid axillary lymph dissection after neaodjuvant chemotherapy?
Authors: H Karanlik, B Ilhan, M Fayda, E Yavuz, A Mudun, P Saip, Y Eralp, S Kurul, A Aydiner
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND: It is still controversial whether axillary lymph node dissection can be omitted after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients with clinically positive axilla at presentation treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The aim of this study was to analyze whether SLN biopsy could be useful in these patients. METHODS: After NAC of 112 patients with cytology-proven axillary node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, SLNB using radioisotope and blue dye was performed including completion node dissection between 2008 and 2012. The results of SLNB and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed for correlation with pathological axillary lymph node status. RESULTS: SLN was successfully identified in 107 (95.5%) patients. Tumor nonresponse and extensive residual nodal disease were found to be significantly associated with detection failure of sentinel nodes. Axillary status was predicted with 94% accuracy and a false negative rate of 8.7%. Axillary nodal status before NAC (cN2 versus cN12) was associated with higher false-negative rates (p = 0.02). Conversion to node-negative disease was achieved in 38 (35%) patients: 23% of patients with the luminal A subtype, 12% of patients with the luminal B, 39% of patients with the HER2-enriched, and 26% of patients with the triple-negative breast cancer subtype. The tripple negative and HER2-enriched breast cancer subtypes had a significantly better false negative rate and accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: SLNB was found to be technically feasible, but its routine use was not recommended for LABCs after NAC. However, acceptable performance was noted for tripple negative and HER2-enriched breast cancer patients presented with N1 axillary status in the beginning of NAC, and thus SLNB might be safely considered in these selected patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-01-22.
Handicapped Children: Baby Doe and Uncle Sam
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

ON July 5 of this year, the Department of Health and Human Services issued proposed rules to ensure that handicapped newborns, no matter how severe their handicaps, receive all possible life-sustaining treatment, unless imminent death is considered inevitable or the risks of treatment are prohibitive. The law invoked by these rules is Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of handicap. The rules are much the same as an earlier set of rules that were declared invalid by U.S. District Court Judge Gerhard Gesell on April 14. Elsewhere in this issue, the background . . .