tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diphtheria and Tetanus Immunity
Authors: Geraldine M. McQuillan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters5 November 2002Diphtheria and Tetanus ImmunityGeraldine M. McQuillan, PhD and Susan Y. Chu, PhDGeraldine M. McQuillan, PhDNational Center for Health Statistics; Hyattsville, MD 20782Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30329Search for more papers by this author and Susan Y. Chu, PhDNational Center for Health Statistics; Hyattsville, MD 20782Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30329Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-9-200211050-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The current supply of tetanus–diphtheria toxoids is now sufficient (1) to resume the routine schedule for tetanus–diphtheria boosters every 10 years, as recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (2). Adherence to this schedule provides the best strategy for improving immunization to both these diseases in the United States. As Dr. Balestra mentions, the disparity between tetanus and diphtheria immunity suggests that tetanus toxoid boosters are being used for wound management instead of tetanus–diphtheria boosters (2). Physicians should take the opportunity of providing boosters of tetanus–diphtheria, not tetanus toxoid, to their patients for both wound management and ...References1. . Notice to readers: resumption of routine schedule for tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001;51:529-30. Google Scholar2. . Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis: recommendations for vaccine use and other preventive measures. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 1991;40:1-28. [PMID: 1865873] MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Vitek CR, Wharton M. Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union: reemergence of a pandemic disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;4:539-50. [PMID: 9866730] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Center for Health Statistics; Hyattsville, MD 20782Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30329 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTetanus prophylaxis in the emergency department 5 November 2002Volume 137, Issue 9Page: 775KeywordsDiphtheriaImmunityTetanusToxoids ePublished: 5 November 2002 Issue Published: 5 November 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Nitric oxide decreases stability of mRNAs encoding soluble guanylate cyclase subunits in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
Authors: G Filippov, D B Bloch, K D Bloch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Nitric oxide stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to convert GTP to the intracellular second messenger cGMP. In rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, sGC is an obligate heterodimer composed of alpha1 and beta1 subunits. We investigated the effect of NO donor compounds on sGC subunit gene expression in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-glutathione decreased sGC subunit mRNA and protein levels, as well as sGC enzyme activity. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, an sGC inhibitor, blocked the effect of sodium nitroprusside on sGC subunit gene expression, whereas 8-bromo cGMP decreased subunit mRNA levels, demonstrating that NO-mediated decrease in sGC subunit mRNA levels is cGMP-dependent. sGC subunit mRNA levels decreased more rapidly in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells exposed to NO than in cells exposed to actinomycin D, suggesting that NO decreases sGC subunit mRNA stability. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide blocked the ability of NO to decrease sGC subunit mRNA levels. These results demonstrate that NO decreases sGC subunit mRNA stability via a transcription- and translation-dependent mechanism.
Infection of the pleura by Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: P. Krakowka, E. Rowinska, H. Halweg
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Pleural aspergillosis occurs mostly in established cases of pleural empyema with a broncho-pleural fistula. Ten such patients are reported here: in all, <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> infection was related to tuberculosis. In three cases with an active, sputum-positive tuberculous process the pleural empyema was a complication of spontaneous pneumothorax in two, and of lung resection in one. In two cases the empyema occurred as a complication of tuberculous pleuritis, but <i>A. fumigatus</i> infection was noted only after the sputum had become negative for tubercle bacilli. In five patients with inactive tuberculosis, the empyema was a late complication of pneumothorax therapy. The diagnosis of pleural aspergillosis is made on the basis of microscopical examination and culture of <i>A. fumigatus</i> in the pleural pus. The cultures were positive in seven of the 10 cases presented. In two cases in which the culture was negative microscopical examination of the pus revealed the presence of numerous fungal hyphae which was evidence of fungal necrosis. In one case the diagnosis was not made until necropsy. Serum precipitin tests with filtrates of <i>A. fumigatus</i> are further valuable evidence of aspergillous infection. Of 10 presented patients, this test was positive in all seven cases in which it was done. The treatment of pleural aspergillosis by local instillation of nystatin or amphotericin B was effective in six out of seven cases in which it was used.
A new endoscopic therapy for an intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum
Authors: A. Badaoui, H. Piessevaux
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

During upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at another institution, access to the second part of the duodenum had not been possible for reasons that were unclear. At our hospital, a barium follow through revealed a sac-like contrast-containing structure within the duodenal lumen, suggestive of an intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum (IDD) (Figure [1] and [2]). Repeat endoscopy confirmed that the second portion of the duodenum could only be reached through a tiny passage at the level of the genu superius, laterally to the diverticular orifice.
839 CHARACTERIZATION OF STEM CELL COMPARTMENTS IN ADULT HUMAN LIVER
Authors: L. Porretti, A. Cattaneo, F. Colombo, R. Lopa, S. Mazzucchelli, G. Rossi, V. Mazzaferro, G. Svegliati Baroni, F. Bertolini, D. Prati
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Noninvasive assessment of hepatobiliary and renal elimination of cysteinyl leukotrienes by positron emission tomography
Authors: Albrecht Guhlmann, Katja Krauss, Franz Oberdorfer, Thilo Siegel, Peter H. Scheuber, Juliane Müller, Brigitte Csuk-Glänzer, Sibylle Ziegler, Hermann Ostertag, Dietrich Keppler
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

N-Acetyl-leukotriene E4 has been identified as an endogenous, biologically less active cysteinyl leukotriene metabolite in rodents and humans. To evaluate the ratio of hepatobiliary to renal elimination of leukotrienes noninvasively by positron emission tomography (PET), we synthesized N-[11C]acetyl-leukotriene E4 by chemical N-acetylation of leukotriene E4. After the intravenous injection of N-[11C]acetyl-leukotriene E4 in normal rats and monkey, uptake by the liver and subsequent excretion into bile were largely responsible for its rapid elimination from blood. In the Cynomolgus monkey, renal excretion of the leukotriene into urine was of additional quantitative importance. Kinetic modeling indicated a mean transit time through the liver of 17 minutes and 34 minutes in rat and monkey, respectively; the corresponding hepatic excretion half-times amounted to 8.5 minutes and 16 minutes. In a mutant rat strain deficient in the hepatobiliary excretion of cysteinyl leukotrienes across the canalicular membrane, the apparent mean liver transit time was 54 minutes, and the hepatic excretion half-time was 29 minutes, indicating prolonged organ storage and metabolism. After transport from the liver back into the circulating blood of omega-oxidized and beta-oxidized metabolites of N-[11C]acetyl-leukotriene E4, renal excretion compensated for the impairment of hepatobiliary elimination in the transport mutant. Metabolite analyses in urine after intravenous injection of N-[3H]acetyl-leukotriene E4 indicated the extensive inactivation of N-acetyl-leukotriene E4 by beta-oxidation from the omega-end in the mutants. A similar shift from hepatobiliary to renal cysteinyl leukotriene elimination was monitored in rats with cholestasis due to bile duct obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Studies on Anomalous Collateral Systemic-Pulmonary Circulation
Authors: G. J. TAMMELING, J. NIEVEEN, H. J. SLUITER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The circulatory status of four patients with anomalous systemic-pulmonary circulations has been studied by bronchospirometry, cardiac catheterization, angiography, and dye-dilution techniques. In three of these patients the affected lung was smaller than normal, and bronchography showed no abnormalities. On the affected side angiography failed to show filling of the pulmonary artery, and the oxygen uptake appeared to be zero or minimal. In two of the patients bronchospirometry revealed an effective collateral circulation, whereas the dye-dilution curves were almost normal. In the other patient there was anatomic evidence of both transpleural systemic-pulmonary arterial communication and occlusive disease of the pulmonary veins. Here the dye-dilution curves revealed considerable shunting of blood, whereas no effective collateral circulation could be demonstrated. The fourth patient has extensive unilateral bronchiectasis and illustrates the condition wherein neither pulmonary nor systemic blood flows through the pulmonary capillary bed. The pathogenesis of the various pathways of collateral circulation is discussed, as well as some methodological and technical problems.
Coronary Spasm as a Cause of Angina
Authors: Rex MacAlpin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

For over 100 years there has been controversy about the role of coronary-artery spasm in the production of angina pectoris. In classic, effort-induced Heberden's angina, a number of observations, indirectly at least, suggest that coronary spasm may not have a role. Post-mortem studies1 and more recently arteriographic studies have shown that patients with classic angina have severe organic obstructive disease of at least one, but usually two or more major coronary arteries. In response to increased caridac work, augmentation of myocardial oxygen supply is dependent solely on increases in coronary blood flow, since the left ventricle extracts oxygen from blood . . .
Assessment of a Newly Recognized Association
Authors: Jean-Jacques Blanc, Gildas L'Heveder, Jacques Mansourati, Say Hak Tea, Philippe Guillo, Dominique Mabin
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Carotid sinus syndrome has been reported recently to be associated with chronic denervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscles. To further understand the relationship between carotid mechanoreceptors and sternocleidomastoid denervation, the present study investigated the relation between the results of carotid sinus massage and electromyographic activity of the sternocleidomastoid muscles in patients without syncope. Methods and Results Patients were selected prospectively if they fulfilled strict exclusion criteria, particularly the absence of a history of syncope, pacemaker implantation, or drugs known to modify the behavior of the autonomic nervous system. A right and left carotid massage was performed for 10 seconds in 30 patients (22 men; mean age, 67.3±6.5 years). The results (monitoring for heart rate and blood pressure) were classified as normal, doubtful, or hypersensitive carotid sinus. Sternocleidomastoid electromyography activity was recorded from the right and left sides, and the results were classified as normal, moderate denervation, and severe denervation. Carotid sinus massage was normal in 13 patients (43%), doubtful in 9 (30%), and abnormal in 8 (27%). Electromyographic activity of the sternocleidomastoids was normal in 13 patients (43%) and revealed moderate denervation in 7 (24%) and severe chronic denervation in 10 (33%). The results of carotid sinus massage and sternocleidomastoid electromyography were highly concordant in each patient (κ=.592, P &lt;.00001) and in each side (right, κ=.381, P &lt;.03; left, κ=.390, P &lt;.01). Conclusions Carotid sinus hypersensitivity and chronic denervation is a common finding in individuals older than 50 years of age. These two entities are significantly related, suggesting a pathophysiological relation of one to the other.
Evaluating Carcinogenicity of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Carolyn Harvey Lingeman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The development of neoplasms of the liver in women using oral contraceptives<sup>1</sup>could have been anticipated had results of tests in animals received more consideration. In 1966, a British pathologist reported to the Committee on Safety of Medicines in Great Britain "various stages of nodular hyperplasia and the production of hepatoma" in livers of rats that had received mestranol.<sup>2</sup>Results of additional tests in rats and mice of several synthetic estrogens and progestins, singly and in combinations commonly used in oral contraceptives, were reported to the committee in 1972.<sup>2</sup>Neoplasms were observed in livers in as many as 32% of male rats that received norethynodrel, in 23% that received a combination of norethisterone and mestranol, and in 17% given ethinyl estradiol. Despite these findings, the committee concluded that "the extensive tests... do not support the previous work showing liver damage progressing to nodular hyperplasia
Prospective evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of liver ultrasonography.
Authors: J C Debongnie, C Pauls, M Fievez, E Wibin
Journal: Gut (1981)

Liver ultrasound was prospectively evaluated in 104 subjects who underwent liver biopsy, including 24 patients without evidence of liver disease (controls), and 80 with a broad spectrum of liver pathology. Ultrasonography was very specific (100%) and moderately sensitive (70%) in the detection of liver pathology, and hepatic neoplasms, steatosis, and fibrosis were detected by ultrasound in 80%, 80%, and 67% of cases respectively. In addition, ultrasonography diagnosed other pathologies--mainly biliary tract disease and abdominal neoplasms--in 26% of the patients.
Lung Tissue Eosinophils May Be Cleared Through Luminal Entry Rather Than Apoptosis
Authors: LENA ULLER, CARL G. A. PERSSON, LEIF KÄLLSTRÖM, JONAS S. ERJEFÄLT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Spontaneous or steroid-induced eosinophil apoptosis occurring in vitro has not been demonstrated in lung tissues in vivo. This study examines cell apoptosis in rat lungs using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After establishing sustained lung edema and eosinophilia by challenge with Sephadex beads intratracheally, budesonide treatment was started intratracheally. Sephadex alone increased the total number of apoptotic cells, which were not efficiently engulfed by macrophages or other cells, in vivo. Yet apoptotic tissue eosinophils were exceedingly rare (1 of 360 TEM-analyzed eosinophils). By contrast, approximately 20% of eosinophils in the airway lumen were apoptotic, and unengulfed. Budesonide promptly inhibited edema but 3 d of steroid treatment were required to reduce the established tissue eosinophilia. Not at any time point did budesonide induce eosinophil apoptosis (0 of 318 TEM-analyzed tissue eosinophils). We conclude that (1) eosinophil apoptosis can occur but is a rare event in vivo in respiratory tract tissues; (2) airway tissue eosinophils, rather than undergoing apoptosis, are eliminated by migration into airway lumen followed by apoptosis and mucociliary clearance; (3) anti-inflammatory steroid treatment may not increase eosinophil apoptosis in vivo nor may it affect the luminal entry of eosinophils; (4) steroids permit elimination of eosinophils into airway lumen and slowly resolve established lung eosinophilia.
Hip fracture: heparin is for thromboembolic prophylaxis
Authors: Michael L Jenkinson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Thromboembolic prophylaxis for hip fracture is contentious, as Parker and Johansen state in their review of hip fracture.1 Well might eyebrows be raised, however, by their failure to recommend any form of low molecular weight heparin thromboprophylaxis contrary to the latest American and British guidelines.2 The current debate, driven by epidemiological data and …
Molecular Imaging of Innate Immune Cell Function in Transplant Rejection
Authors: Thomas Christen, Matthias Nahrendorf, Moritz Wildgruber, Filip K. Swirski, Elena Aikawa, Peter Waterman, Koichi Shimizu, Ralph Weissleder, Peter Libby
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Clinical detection of transplant rejection by repeated endomyocardial biopsy requires catheterization and entails risks. Recently developed molecular and cellular imaging techniques that visualize macrophage host responses could provide a noninvasive alternative. Yet, which macrophage functions may provide useful markers for detecting parenchymal rejection remains uncertain. Methods and Results— We transplanted isografts from B6 mice and allografts from Balb/c mice heterotopically into B6 recipients. In this allograft across major histocompatability barriers, the transplanted heart undergoes predictable progressive rejection, leading to graft failure after 1 week. During rejection, crucial macrophage functions, including phagocytosis and release of proteases, render these abundant innate immune cells attractive imaging targets. Two or 6 days after transplantation, we injected either a fluorescent protease sensor or a magnetofluorescent phagocytosis marker. Histological and flow cytometric analyses established that macrophages function as the major cellular signal source. In vivo, we obtained a 3-dimensional functional map of macrophages showing higher phagocytic uptake of magnetofluorescent nanoparticles during rejection using magnetic resonance imaging and higher protease activity in allografts than in isografts using tomographic fluorescence. We further assessed the sensitivity of imaging to detect the degree of rejection. In vivo imaging of macrophage response correlated closely with gradually increasing allograft rejection and attenuated rejection in recipients with a genetically impaired immune response resulting from a deficiency in recombinase-1 (RAG-1 −/− ). Conclusions— Molecular imaging reporters of either phagocytosis or protease activity can detect cardiac allograft rejection noninvasively, promise to enhance the search for novel tolerance-inducing strategies, and have translational potential.
Conserved functional organization of the amniote telencephalic pallium
Authors: Cosme Salas, Cristina Broglio, Fernando Rodríguez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The dorsal and medial pallial formations of mammals, birds, and reptiles show overall functional striking similarities. Most of these similarities have been frequently considered examples of convergent evolution. However, a considerable amount of neurobiological comparative evidence suggests the presence of a common basic pattern of vertebrate forebrain organization. This common pattern can support functional conservation.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transesophageal Drainage of a Mediastinal Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Authors: A. Săftoiu, T. Ciurea, D. Dumitrescu, Z. Stoica
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

We read with great interest the recent article by Jonas et al. [1] which described the endoscopic ultrasound- (EUS-)guided drainage of a cystic metastasis in the mediastinum, and also the article by Mohl et al. [2] reporting their experience of endoscopic transhiatal drainage of a mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst. Both articles reported interesting cases of EUS-guided or EUS-assisted drainage of mediastinal lesions. We recently managed a similar case, a patient with a large pancreatic pseudocyst that extended through the diaphragmatic hiatus inside the mediastinum, which was complicated by a left pleural effusion.
Role of L-thyroxine in nuclear thyroid hormone receptor occupancy and growth hormone production in cultured GC cells.
Authors: Y Halperin, L E Shapiro, M I Surks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The contribution of L-thyroxine (T4) to nuclear thyroid receptor occupancy was studied in GC cells incubated with concentrations of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and T4 that resulted in free iodothyronine levels similar to those in serum of euthyroid rats. T4 accounted for 5.4-10% of the occupied receptors: T3 derived from T4 [T3(T4)] and T3 added to medium accounted for the remainder of receptor occupancy. Incubation with increasing medium free T4 resulted in a progressive increase in the contribution of T4 and T3(T4) to receptor occupancy. In incubations with 3.6-fold increased medium free T4, T4 accounted for 20.4%, and T3(T4) for 40.3% of receptor occupancy. These occupancy data and the experimentally determined Ka of thyroid receptor for T3 and T4 allowed calculation of nuclear free iodothyronine concentrations. Nuclear free T3 was 3-6-fold greater than medium free T3 and nuclear [corrected] free T4 was 12-19-fold greater than medium free T4. When GC cells were incubated with decreased medium free T3 and physiological medium free T4, both nuclear receptor occupancy and growth hormone production decreased as well. However, a twofold increase in medium free T4, in the presence of decreased medium free T3, restored receptor occupancy and growth hormone production to or near control values. These findings establish a role for T4 in addition to T3(T4) in nuclear receptor occupancy and biological activity in rat anterior pituitary tissue both in physiologic conditions and when medium free T4 is raised. The findings may have relevance to the sick euthyroid thyroid syndrome in which free T4 may be increased in some patients who have decreased serum free T3.
Mortality and Morbidity in Patients Receiving Encainide, Flecainide, or Placebo
Authors: D S Echt, P R Liebson, L B Mitchell, R W Peters, D Obias-Manno, A H Barker, D Arensberg, A Baker, L Friedman, H L Greene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

In the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial, designed to test the hypothesis that suppression of ventricular ectopy after a myocardial infarction reduces the incidence of sudden death, patients in whom ventricular ectopy could be suppressed with encainide, flecainide, or moricizine were randomly assigned to receive either active drug or placebo. The use of encainide and flecainide was discontinued because of excess mortality. We examined the mortality and morbidity after randomization to encainide or flecainide or their respective placebo.