tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Major Contribution of the P2Y <sub>1</sub> Receptor in Purinergic Regulation of TNFα-Induced Vascular Inflammation
Authors: Murielle Zerr, Béatrice Hechler, Monique Freund, Stéphanie Magnenat, Isabelle Lanois, Jean-Pierre Cazenave, Catherine Léon, Christian Gachet
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and extracellular nucleotides are one of the factors possibly involved in vascular inflammation. The P2Y(1) receptor for adenosine 5'-diphosphate has been shown to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E--deficient mice. Our aim is to determine whether the endothelial P2Y(1) receptor plays a role in leukocyte recruitment during vascular inflammation and characterize underlying mechanisms.We show here that the P2Y(1) receptor plays a role in leukocyte recruitment in inflamed mouse femoral arteries. Moreover, in wild-type bone marrow--transplanted chimeric P2Y(1)-deficient mice with an apolipoprotein E--deficient background, a strong reduction of adhesion molecule--dependent leukocyte recruitment was observed after local injection of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1β, excluding a role for the platelet or other hematopoietic cell type P2Y(1) in these events. Similarly, the in vitro adhesion of isolated mouse monocytes to tumor necrosis factor α--stimulated murine endothelial cell monolayers and their migration across the cell layers were strongly reduced in P2Y(1)-deficient compared with wild-type endothelial cells, as was the expression of the adhesion molecules P-selectin, Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Pharmacological inhibition using the selective antagonist MRS2500 also resulted in decreased expression of adhesion molecules. These events are related to the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and activating transcription factor 2 pathway. Finally, in vivo administration of MRS2500 resulted in strong reduction of leukocyte recruitment in inflamed femoral arteries of apolipoprotein E--deficient mice.The data highlight a key role of the endothelial P2Y(1) receptor in acute vascular inflammation. Pharmacological targeting the P2Y(1) receptor could represent a promising approach for the treatment of vascular inflammation.
MENSURATION OF THE DEFORMITY OF HIP DISEASE.
Authors: A. B. JUDSON
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The object of the present paper is to facilitate methods of recognizing, measuring and recording the degrees of deformity of hip disease. A great advance in the study of this subject was made in 1877 by our Corresponding Member, Mr. Howard Marsh. I reproduce, in Figs. 1-5, the original figures with which he illustrated his first lecture on hip disease at the London Hospital for Sick Children. These figures, modified in various ways, have reappeared many times in the literature of this subject, and to one clinically familiar with these deformities they do not require explanation. Mr. Marsh's lecture contains a complete exposition of the mechanics of the deformity of hip disease, and it will not be easy to add anything to what he has said.<sup>1</sup>I have, however, constructed the movable models represented in Figs. 6-10, in order to make this difficult subject more easy of comprehension. As
Quality-of-Life-Adjusted Evaluation of Adjuvant Therapies for Operable Breast Cancer
Authors: Richard D. Gelber, Aron Goldhirsch, Franco Cavalli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To evaluate a single cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy compared with longer duration chemotherapy for premenopausal women or chemoendocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with operable breast cancer using a quality-of-life-oriented end point, Q-TWiST (quality-adjusted analysis of TWiST: Time Without Symptoms and Toxicity). Design: Multicenter randomized clinical trial—International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG: formerly Ludwig Group) Trial V. Setting: IBCSG participating centers in Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, Yugoslavia, Spain, New Zealand, Italy, Germany, and South Africa. Patients: Data were available for 1229 eligible patients with node-positive breast cancer who were randomized to receive one of three adjuvant treatments after at least a total mastectomy and axillary clearance. Interventions: Patients received either a single cycle of perioperative chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, and leucovorin; or six cycles (6 months) of a conventionally timed chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, and prednisone for premenopausal women or this combination plus tamoxifen for postmenopausal women; or both perioperative and conventionally timed chemotherapy for a 7-month course of adjuvant therapy. Results: At 5 years of median follow-up, patients who received the longer duration therapies had an improved 5-year disease-free survival percentage (53% compared with 36%; P < 0. 001) and 5-year overall survival percentage (73% compared with 63%; P = 0.001) compared with those who received the single perioperative cycle alone. By 3.5 years, the greater burden of toxic effects associated with the longer duration treatments was balanced by their superior control of disease. Within 5 years of follow-up, even after subtracting time with adjuvant treatment toxicity, patients gained an average of 2.2 months of Q-TWiST if treated with the longer duration therapies compared with the single cycle (P = 0.03). The gain for premenopausal patients was 2.8 months (P = 0.05), whereas the gain for postmenopausal women was 1.5 months (P > 0.2). Conclusions: Six or seven months of adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoendocrine therapy improve both the quantity and quality of life for patients with node-positive breast cancer compared with a single short course of perioperative combination chemotherapy.
Book Review Liver Immunology: Principles and Practice Edited by M. Eric Gershwin, John M. Vierling, and Michael P. Manns. 486 pp., illustrated. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2007. $169. 978-1-58829-818-8
Authors: Gideon Hirschfield, Jenny Heathcote
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Circulatory and renin responses in man to unilateral reduction of the renal perfusion pressure
Authors: M. D GUAZZI, C. FIORENTINI, M. T OLIVARI, A. BARTORELLI, F. MAGRINI, C. BIANCARDI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Journal Article Circulatory and renin responses in man to unilateral reduction of the renal perfusion pressure Get access MAURIZIO D GUAZZI, MAURIZIO D GUAZZI * From the Istituto Ricerche Cardiovascular "Giorgio Sisini", Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cattedra di Cardiologia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy *Correspondence and reprint request should be addressed to: Maurizio D Guazzi, MD, lstituto Ricerche Cardiovascolari. Via Bonfadini 214, 20138 Milano, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CESARE FIORENTINI, CESARE FIORENTINI From the Istituto Ricerche Cardiovascular "Giorgio Sisini", Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cattedra di Cardiologia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARIA T OLIVARI, MARIA T OLIVARI From the Istituto Ricerche Cardiovascular "Giorgio Sisini", Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cattedra di Cardiologia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ANTONIO BARTORELLI, ANTONIO BARTORELLI From the Istituto Ricerche Cardiovascular "Giorgio Sisini", Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cattedra di Cardiologia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FABIO MAGRINI, FABIO MAGRINI From the Istituto Ricerche Cardiovascular "Giorgio Sisini", Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cattedra di Cardiologia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CARLA BIANCARDI CARLA BIANCARDI From the Istituto Ricerche Cardiovascular "Giorgio Sisini", Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cattedra di Cardiologia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 15, Issue 11, November 1981, Pages 637–642, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/15.11.637 Published: 01 November 1981
Progesterone Receptor Gene Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Human Breast Tumors
Authors: S. A. W. Fuqua, S. M. Hill, G. C. Chamness, M. G. Benedix, G. L. Greene, B. W. O'Malley, W. L. McGuire
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Progesterone Receptor Gene Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Human Breast Tumors Get access Suzanne A. W. Fuqua, Suzanne A. W. Fuqua University of Texas Health Science CenterSan Antonio, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steven M. Hill, Steven M. Hill UniversityNew Orleans Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary C. Chamness, Gary C. Chamness University of Texas Health Science CenterSan Antonio, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret G. Benedix, Margaret G. Benedix University of Texas Health Science CenterSan Antonio, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Geoffrey L. Greene, Geoffrey L. Greene Ben May LaboratoryChicago III Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bert W. O'Malley, Bert W. O'Malley Baylor College of MedicineHouston, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William L. McGuire William L. McGuire * University of Texas Health Science CenterSan Antonio, Tex * Correspondence to: William L. McGuire, M.D., Department of Medicine/Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78284–7884. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 16, 21 August 1991, Pages 1157–1160, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.16.1157 Published: 21 August 1991 Article history Received: 29 January 1991 Revision received: 06 May 1991 Accepted: 14 May 1991 Published: 21 August 1991
TRANSPLANTATION OF OMENTUM IN THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF INTESTINAL DEFECTS; A CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONTRIBUTION.
Authors: EMANUEL J. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The omentum plays a great rôle in the reparative process following traumatic injuries of the abdominal cavity, both in the destruction of microbes and protection of the general peritoneal cavity by reason of adhesions with intestines and the parietal peritoneum. It has even spontaneously closed up small perforations of the stomach and intestines and thus saved lives without surgical intervention. That the omentum has some property in conveying immunity to the general peritoneal cavity has been shown by the interesting experiments of Roger. He demonstrated that the omentum is a lymphatic ganglion. In rabbits and guinea-pigs, he removed the entire omentum and then injected pus organisms into the abdomen. All the animals died in a few days, while those in which the omentum remained survived, although inoculated with the same microbes. Since Nicholas Senn proved by his experimental work the adaptability of omental transplantation, as well as omental grafting over
Oral glucose decreases hepatic extraction of insulin.
Authors: O M Gibby, C N Hales
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Peripheral venous (plasma) insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured in eight normal subjects given oral or intravenous glucose sufficient to produce similar plasma glucose concentrations. The expected increased insulin response to oral as compared with intravenous glucose was not matched by a comparable increase in C-peptide concentration. The ratio of insulin to C-peptide concentrations doubled 30 minutes after oral glucose was given; no comparable rise was seen with intravenous glucose (p = 0.01). This finding is interpreted as evidence for decreased hepatic extraction of insulin after administration of oral glucose. Such a decrease could account for at least half of the well known difference in peripheral insulin concentrations after administration of oral as compared with intravenous glucose.
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Authors: Fred H. Allen, Louis K. Diamond, A. Richardson Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

STILLBIRTH remains a major problem in erythroblastosis fetalis caused by Rh incompatibility, since about 20 per cent of the fetuses in these cases die in utero. The ultimate failure of all preventive methods that have been enthusiastically advocated in the past1 2 3 4 illustrates the difficulty of interpreting the results of therapy in this condition. This difficulty arises from two principal factors: the great variability and unpredictability of erythroblastosis, and the fact that any method of treatment tends to result in a selected series of cases that may not be comparable with a previous, untreated series.This study presents a nine-year survey . . .
Phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser139 and a New Phosphorylation Site Ser16 by RSK2 Decreases H2AX Ubiquitination and Inhibits Cell Transformation
Authors: Feng Zhu, Tatyana A. Zykova, Cong Peng, Jishuai Zhang, Yong-Yeon Cho, Duo Zheng, Ke Yao, Wei-Ya Ma, Andy T. Y. Lau, Ann M. Bode, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Histone H2AX is a histone H2A variant that is ubiquitously expressed throughout the genome. It plays a key role in the cellular response to DNA damage and has been designated as the histone guardian of the genome. Histone H2AX deficiency decreases genomic stability and increases tumor susceptibility of normal cells and tissues. However, the role of histone H2AX phosphorylation in malignant transformation and cancer development is not totally clear. Herein, we found that ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) directly phosphorylates histone H2AX at Ser139 and also at a newly discovered site, Ser16. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced phosphorylation of histone H2AX at both sites was decreased in RSK2 knockout cells. Phosphorylated RSK2 and histone H2AX colocalized in the nucleus following EGF treatment, and the phosphorylation of histone H2AX by RSK2 enhanced the stability of histone H2AX and prevented cell transformation induced by EGF. RSK2 and DNA-PK, but not ATM or ATR, are required for EGF-induced phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser139; however, only RSK2 is required for phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser16. Phosphorylation of histone H3 was suppressed in cells expressing wild-type H2AX compared with H2AX knockout (H2AX-/-) cells. EGF-associated AP-1 transactivation activity was dramatically lower in H2AX-/- cells overexpressing wild-type H2AX than H2AX-/- cells expressing mutant H2AX-AA. Thus, the RSK2/H2AX signaling pathway negatively regulates the RSK2/histone H3 pathway and therefore maintains normal cell proliferation.
Studies on the metabolism of aldosterone in chronic renal failure and anephric man
Authors: Gordon H. Williams, George L. Bailey, Constantine L. Hampers, David P. Lauler, John P. Merrill, Richard H. Underwood, John R. Blair-West, John P. Coghlan, Derek A. Denton, Bruce A. Scoggins, R. Douglas Wright
Journal: Kidney International (1973)
EPIDERMOPHYTOSIS AND EPIDERMOPHYTIDS OF THE HANDS
Authors: WALTER JAMES HIGHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Mycotic hand eruptions frequently accompany similar ones on the feet. To explain this, Williams<sup>1</sup>and Bloch<sup>2</sup>independently advanced the hypothesis that the lesions on the hands, which are usually free of fungi, are dermatophytids secondary to foci on the feet which contain the organisms. Walthard<sup>3</sup>reported a case from Bloch's clinic, substantiating this view. In this patient fungi were present in lesions on the feet, and after a positive trichophytin test, a focal reaction took place in the hand lesions. Werner Jadassohn and Peck,<sup>4</sup>analyzing twenty-four cases, were able to support the belief that such concomitance existed between the foot and hand manifestations, the latter being trichophytids. Subsequently Peck<sup>5</sup>was able to provoke the complete syndrome experimentally. In another patient with a demonstrated fungus infection of the feet and dyshidrotic vesicular lesions on the hands, he obtained a positive blood culture for fungi identical with
Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid induces protein kinase D–dependent disassembly of apical junctions and barrier dysfunction in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Fariba Rezaee, Nida Meednu, Jason A. Emo, Bahman Saatian, Timothy J. Chapman, Nayden G. Naydenov, Anna De Benedetto, Lisa A. Beck, Andrei I. Ivanov, Steve N. Georas
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated phase with basophilic transformation of the bone marrow
Authors: Mark T. Cunningham, Siddhartha Ganguly
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

A 49-year-old man presented with a recent onset of weakness, myalgia, and intermittent fevers up to 1038F.He had been diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) 4 years earlier.However, his disease had been relatively stable on a-interferon and imatinib mesylate (Gleevec).A physical examination at the time of the recent presentation was normal.Complete blood count revealed a hemoglobin of 9.1 g/dL; a white cell count (WBC) of 42 Â 10 9 /L; and a platelet count of 12 Â 10 9 /L.The differential revealed 3% neutrophils, 6% lymphocytes, 1% eosinophils, and 90% basophils.A bone marrow aspirate and biopsy demonstrated a hypercellular specimen (i.e., 90-100% cellularity) with a markedly increased number of basophils (72%), although the blast count was only mildly increased at 7%.The basophils appeared to be at varying stages of maturation (see Image 1), and many of them showed atypical, highly convoluted nuclei.A toluidine blue stain supported the basophilic nature of these cells (see Image 2).Finally, a cytogenetic analysis showed all metaphases to contain a Philadelphia chromosome
A phase 2 study on the treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease suggests that the selective potassium trap, ZS-9, is safe and efficient
Authors: Stephen R. Ash, Bhupinder Singh, Philip T. Lavin, Fiona Stavros, Henrik S. Rasmussen
Journal: Kidney International (2015)

Hyperkalemia contributes to significant mortality and limits the use of cardioprotective and renoprotective renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers. Current therapies are poorly tolerated and not always effective. Here we conducted a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-escalation study to assess safety and efficacy of ZS-9. This oral selective cation exchanger that preferentially entraps potassium in the gastrointestinal tract was given to patients with stable Stage 3 chronic kidney disease and hyperkalemia (5.0 to 6.0 mEq/l) during a 2-day period. Of 90 eligible patients with mean baseline serum potassium of 5.1 mEq/l, 30 were randomized to placebo, 12-0.3 g, 24-3 g, or 24 to 10 g of ZS-9 three times daily for 2 days with regular meals. None withdrew and ZS-9 dose-dependently reduced serum potassium. The primary efficacy end point (rate of serum potassium decline in the first 48 h) was met with significance in the 3- and 10-g cohorts. From baseline, mean serum potassium was significantly decreased by 0.92±0.52 mEq/l at 38 h. Urinary potassium excretion significantly decreased with 10-g ZS-9 as compared to placebo at day 2 (+15.8 +/- 21.8 vs. +8.9 +/- 22.9 mEq per 24h) from placebo at day 2. In this short-term study, no serious adverse events were reported; only mild constipation in the 3-g dose group was possibly related to treatment. Thus, ZS-9 was well-tolerated in patients with stable chronic kidney disease and hyperkalemia leading to a rapid, sustained reduction in serum potassium.
GPs should invite some patients to be vaccinated against influenza
Authors: M. Billingsley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

GPs are being advised to contact at risk patients and urge them to have the seasonal flu jab, the Department of Health has said.

Patients with chronic or respiratory illness, older people, and pregnant women are among the most vulnerable groups likely to get the influenza viruses associated with winter flu. Currently, the uptake of vaccination is similar to that in previous years, but the government has reinforced the need for at risk groups, such as pregnant women—of whom only 25% in 2010 have been vaccinated—to contact their GP and protect themselves against the winter flu.

The latest data published by the …
Parental Perspectives on Adolescent Hearing Loss
Authors: Bradley W. Kesser
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COUNCIL FOR OVERSEAS WORK
Authors: Douglas N. Forman
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Readers ofThe Journal, who follow the progress of international relations and medical programs of an international nature, may be interested to know about the Christian Medical Council for Overseas Work and its varied activities. This council, which was created in 1938, is the central medical organization that serves primarily the interests of 50 Protestant church foreign mission boards that maintain organized medical work abroad—about 800 hospitals, 15 tuberculosis sanatoriums, 150 schools of nursing, and approximately 2,000 independent dispensaries, as well as 4 medical colleges and a union medical training institute in the Congo. These societies partially support this office as a center of information and advice for their far-flung medical enterprise. The council's activities include the recruiting of personnel— general physicians and surgeons, specialists, dentists, nurses, hospital administrators, technicians, medical social workers, and health educators; the counseling of candidates in these fields regarding preparation for service
Reversible Achalasia Due to Reticulum-Cell Sarcoma
Authors: John A. Davis, Paul A. Kantrowitz, Harold L. Chandler, Stefan C. Schatzki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

ESOPHAGEAL achalasia has characteristic clinical, radiographic, manometric1 and methacholine (Mecholyl)2 test findings. Although achalasia is usually of idiopathic origin, cases of Chagas disease3 and, rarely, gastric carcinoma4 , 5 may be almost indistinguishable. In the case presented below, reticulum-cell sarcoma in the region of the distal esophagus simulated achalasia and was reversed by antineoplastic treatment.Case ReportAn 84-year-old man experienced progressively increasing dysphagia to solids and liquids for two months, associated with postprandial substernal pressure, weakness and a 5-kg weight loss. He denied chills, fever and pruritus. A Grade 2 papillary transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder had been fulgurated eight years . . .