tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Urinary Retention
Authors: J. J. Shipman, B. M. Newman, G. Morris, K. A. Misch
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In 50 patients retention of urine due to adenomatous enlargement of the prostate was relieved, in most cases by intraprostatic injections given for varying periods of time. No complications were encountered. Subsequently, some of the patients who did not respond adequately, and whose medical conditions improved, underwent prostateceomy. Histologically the removed prostates showed coagulation necrosis, with or without haemorrhage, but no inflammatory reaction.
208 Evaluation of compliance in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: G. Germani, D. Canova, M.C. D'Aloiso, R. Rumiati, A. Masier, E. Perissinotto, S. Boninsegna, S. Fagiuoli, M. De Bona, M. Senzolo, G.C. Sturniolo, P. Burra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Hepatic drug acetylation and oxidation: effects of aging in man.
Authors: F Farah, W Taylor, M D Rawlins, O James
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The half lives of acetanilide and isoniazid ("model" substrates for oxidation and acetylation respectively) were measured in populations of young (aged 20-35 years) and elderly (aged over 65 years) people. Whereas acetanilide half lives were significantly longer in the elderly, isoniazid half lives were distributed similarly in both populations. The results suggest that liver function does not decline uniformly with age and that heterozygotes for acetylation do not possess survival advantages during their middle years of life.
Saddle Height for Bicycles
Authors: Walter Summers
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter entitled "Errors in Bicycling Technique" by David L. Smith, MD (237:1200, 1977), while pointing out some common errors in the growing sport and pastime of cycling, mentions the essential of correct saddle height. While agreeing with Dr Smith that most American bicyclists ride with their saddles too low, there are many who go to the other extreme. The suggestion that a rider should measure the inside length of the leg from groin to floor is good, but to then use 109% of this measurement is not a good idea at all, especially for any distance cycling. A better method of obtaining a proportionately good saddle height is for the rider to sit on the bicycle while being held upright by a friend, then place the heel of the left or right leg on the pedal surface. At this point, the saddle should be adjusted either
Topley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity
Authors: Israel Davidsohn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A new edition of Topley and Wilson is an international event in the world of bacteriology and immunology. Thirty-five years and five editions after the publication of the first edition the work continues to hold its place as the most authoritative and most widely used text on the subject. In the present edition five new collaborators have been added, specialists in different fields. With their help the Principles has been given a more thorough revision than ever before in its history.  The general organization has remained unchanged. Part I deals with general and part II with special bacteriology, part III with infection and resistance, and part IV with the application of bacteriology to medicine and hygiene. There is a total of 93 chapters. The subject has been brought up to date by substitution of completely new chapters on virology in parts II, III, and IV; by rewriting chapters 3 and
Correlation of L-myc Genotypes to Metastasis of Gastric Cancer and Breast Cancer
Authors: K. ISHIZAK, M. KATO, M. IKENAGA, K. HONDA, K. OZAWA, J. TOGUCHIDA
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Correlation of L-myc Genotypes to Metastasis of Gastric Cancer and Breast Cancer Get access KANJI ISHIZAK, KANJI ISHIZAK * Radiation Biology CenterJapan Correspondence to : Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Jonoecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MITSUO KATO, MITSUO KATO Radiation Biology CenterJapan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MITSUO IKENAGA, MITSUO IKENAGA Radiation Biology CenterJapan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KAZUO HONDA, KAZUO HONDA Second Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineJapan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KAZUE OZAWA, KAZUE OZAWA Second Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineJapan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JUNYA TOGUCHIDA JUNYA TOGUCHIDA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Kyoto University KyotoJapan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 3, 7 February 1990, Pages 238–239, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.3.238 Published: 07 February 1990
Prevention and Control of Type A Influenza Infections in Nursing Homes
Authors: PETER A. PATRIARCA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

We developed a model to project morbidity, mortality, and costs attributable to type A influenza virus infections in nursing homes and to evaluate the relative benefits and costs of programs for prevention and control. Influenza vaccination was the most cost-effective intervention under various simulations in the model but usually allowed for higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared with other alternatives. The combined use of previous vaccination and chemoprophylaxis during outbreaks in the nursing home was associated with significantly fewer cases than use of vaccination alone, with only modest increases in net program costs. The use of chemoprophylaxis throughout the influenza season (without vaccination) resulted in the fewest number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths but would cost at least 650% more than alternatives involving vaccination. Regardless of which strategy is chosen, our model suggests that influenza control programs in nursing homes are both beneficial and cost-effective and should be considered a part of standard care.
Testing for Antibody to HIV: Confidentiality vs Anonymity-Reply
Authors: Tibor J. Greenwalt
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the interest of Selvey et al, but we believe they misunderstood the purpose of our letter. The intent was to point out that alternate-site testing for antibody to HIV cannot be effective unless anonymity is ensured. The reason is obvious: since confidentiality is also ensured by all blood banks, some high-risk persons might prefer to donate blood to get tested to avoid going to a health department—operated sexually transmitted disease clinic for that purpose. We did not say nor intend to imply that alternate-site testing is the primary means of safeguarding the blood supply. The primary means of safeguarding the blood supply is to use only volunteer donors without any penalty fee.  We have not done a controlled study comparing anonymity and confidentiality. Such a study would be difficult to design. We do know that alternate testing sites in communities not ensuring anonymity have had very
Keith Willerby Lovel
Authors: N. Mann
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To those of us who knew him since the early 1940s he was nicknamed 'Jive because of his addiction to the big band sound of the time. After posts in Manchester and at the School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, he moved to Southampton, where he spent time at the Royal South Hants and Southampton General Hospitals. His last and most enjoyable appointment was to the Royal Hants County Hospital in Winchester. A keen and natural sportsman, he played tennis to a high standard. He leaves a wife, Shirley; three children; and his grand children. [Leslie Adams]
The Significance of Tics as Possible Manifestations of Epilepsy
Authors: Sidney Levin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

IN DESCRIBING the numerous manifestations of epilepsy, recent textbooks of neurology1 2 3 discuss a great variety of motor phenomena but do not include the so-called "tics" as possible manifestations of epileptic disorder. However, in the older literature4 5 6 the coexistence of epilepsy and tic was noted frequently enough to raise the question of an etiologic relation between the two, although conclusions regarding such a relation were generally believed to be premature. With the introduction of electroencephalography a new technic has become available, promoting a broader knowledge of epilepsy and permitting a re-evaluation of questions concerning epileptic manifestations. During the past two years . . .
PTU-150 Concordance between Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in the Staging of upper Gastrointestinal Cancer – a District General Experience
Authors: J P Seenan, R Sadler, A J Stanley, S Paterson
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Approximately 1700 patients/year are diagnosed with oesophageal or gastric cancer in Scotland. The Scottish Audit of Gastric and Oesophageal Cancer (SAGOC) previously reported under-staging of these cancers pre-operatively with curative surgery attempted too often. This resulted in incomplete resection and recurrence with a one year postoperative survival of only 53%. Increasing emphasis has therefore been placed on accurate pre-operative staging. Current guidelines advise multimodal staging with CT, EUS +/- laparoscopy if gastric involvement. Recently the use of PET staging has increased. We sought to establish the concordance between EUS and PET in the staging of upper GI cancer within a large district general hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective study was performed in patients with oesophageal or gastric cancer referred for multimodal staging with CT, EUS and PET between October 2008 and November 2011. Each case was reviewed at the local multi-disciplinary team (MDT) meeting. MDT outcome forms were collated and a casenote review performed. Baseline demographics, tumour characteristics and TNM staging was recorded. <h3>Results</h3> 59 patients (45 male) were referred for both EUS and PET. The majority had adenocarcinoma (49/59, 83.1%) with 9 squamous carcinomas (15.3%) and 1 carcinoid (1.7%). A malignant stricture prevented EUS in 3 patients while in 3 patients CT-PET revealed metastatic disease and EUS was cancelled. 53 patients (40 male) underwent staging with both modalities. Concordance of N staging between EUS and PET was 75.9%. In 13/53 patients EUS altered prior PET staging, upstaging from N0 to N1 in 12/13 (91.4%). In patients undergoing EUS-FNA (10 mediastinal, 1 sub-diaphragmatic), 2/11 (18.2%) patients were found to have malignant lymphadenopathy affecting PET negative nodes while in 1 patients a PET positive node was found to be benign. EUS was more accurate in predicting resection N stage (65%) than PET (38.9%) with both tending to underestimate. In patients with T3 disease there was a significant difference in N staging between patients undergoing resection and those treated palliatively (p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Nodal staging by EUS and PET differs in a significant proportion of patients undergoing pre-operative work-up for upper GI cancer. In the majority of cases PET underestimates nodal staging. However, technical difficulties may preclude EUS while the finding of distant metastases at PET prior to EUS may prevent unnecessary investigations. CT and EUS remain the mainstay of pre-operative staging in oesophageal and gastric cancers but PET is a useful adjunct. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Engagement of human PECAM-1 (CD31) on human endothelial cells increases intracellular calcium ion concentration and stimulates prostacyclin release.
Authors: I Gurubhagavatula, Y Amrani, D Pratico, F L Ruberg, S M Albelda, R A Panettieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays a role in a number of endothelial cell (EC) functions including migration, angiogenesis, and transmigration of leukocytes across endothelium. We postulated that one way PECAM-1 might exert its effects was by regulating intracellular EC levels of calcium. Using single-cell fluorometry, we found that engagement of PECAM-1 by mAbs induced a slow but sustained increase in intracellular calcium, both in EC and in an adherent PECAM-1-transfected cell line that models endothelium. Generation of this signal was specific for certain anti-PECAM-1 antibodies, required the presence of the cytoplasmic domain, depended on extracellular calcium and on tyrosine phosphorylation, but did not require cross-linking; in fact, calcium increases were stimulated by certain Fab fragments. Activation of EC by PECAM-1 also caused a time-dependent increase in prostacyclin release. Given the importance of intracellular calcium and prostacyclin release as signaling molecules, engagement of PECAM-1 during cell-cell interactions may alter a number of EC functions including secretion of vasoactive mediators.
Comparison of Expression and Cellular Provenance of Thymic Stromal Iymphopoietin and Chemokines in Patients with Severe Asthma, COPD and Controls
Authors: Q. Meng, B. O'Connor, J. Ratoff, D. Cousins, G.Z. Zhang, S.Y. Gu, J.S. Zhao, T.H. Lee, C.J. Corrigan, S. Ying
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
A Functional Polymorphism on Chromosome 15q25 Associated with Survival of Early Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Guang Jin, Eun Young Bae, Enyue Yang, Eung Bae Lee, Won-Kee Lee, Jin Eun Choi, Hyo-Sung Jeon, Seung Soo Yoo, Shin Yup Lee, Jaehee Lee, Sung Ick Cha, Chang Ho Kim, Sukki Cho, Sanghoon Jheon, Jae Yong Park
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
High altitude haemofiltration.
Authors: P E Stevens, L L Bloodworth, D J Rainford
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Evacuating people in acute renal failure by air is difficult because the hazards of fluid overload and anaemia are potentiated by altitude. In two such patients continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration was used to control their fluid problems during aeromedical evacuation. In the first case, a patient with renal failure and blast lung, haemofiltration was performed at 500 ml/h over a four hour journey; in the second, a woman with severe pre-eclamptic toxaemia who developed acute renal failure after caesarean section, haemofiltration was performed at 200 ml/h over a 14 hour flight. Both patients recovered fully. In these two cases haemofiltration permitted control of the intravascular volume during aeromedical evacuation. The technique represents a major advance in the safe transfer of casualties.
Pudendal nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence in patients who have failed sacral nerve stimulation
Authors: A. George, T. C. Dudding, R. J. Nicholls, C. J. Vaizey
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS), though an accepted treatment for faecal incontinence (FI) is effective only in 60–65% of patients.1 Stimulating the pudendal nerve could activate multiple sacral nerve roots and provide a better efficacy of therapy-though this has been attempted to-date only for urological dysfunction.2 The effect of pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) in patients with FI was investigated in a prospective observational study. <h3>Methods</h3> FI patients who had not responded to conservative treatments and SNS underwent insertion of a permanent PNS stimulation electrode3 followed by a 3-week screening period. A permanent neurostimulator was implanted for a ≥50% reduction in number of incontinence episodes per week as measured by a 3 week prospectively kept bowel diary. <h3>Results</h3> Seven female patients (mean age: 56 years) underwent temporary screening. Four of the 7 patients (57%), during the 3-week trial phase, showed a ≥50% reduction in the weekly incontinence episodes (mean (SD) 14 (10.7) pre to 7 (7.2) post)) along with a simultaneous improvement in their ability to defer defecation (minutes (SD) 2 (0.74) pre to 6 (5.8) post). The St Mark9s Score improved from (mean;(SD)) 20 (2.3) pre to 12 (1.8) at the 1 month follow-up. One patient lost efficacy 3 months post permanent implant and voluntarily exited the study. Over a mean follow-up of 8 months (SD 3.6), the improvement in continence was sustained in all the other three patients with no complications reported to date. <h3>Conclusion</h3> PNS is a promising new treatment for faecal incontinence in patients who fail to respond to SNS.
Reversible nicotinamide-deficiency encephalopathy in a patient with jejunal diverticulosis
Authors: S. Tabaqchali, C. Pallis
Journal: Gut (1970)

A patient with severe malabsorption due to massive diverticulosis of the small intestine developed an acute encephalopathic syndrome which responded dramatically to intravenous nicotinamide. Various mechanisms are discussed whereby nicotinamide deficiency might have occurred in this clinical context.
Chromosomal Instability in Amniocytes From Fetuses of Mothers Who Smoke
Authors: Rosa Ana de la Chica
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Tobacco increases the risk of systemic diseases, and it has adverse effects on pregnancy. However, only indirect data have been published on a possible genotoxic effect on pregnancy in humans.To determine whether maternal smoking has a genotoxic effect on amniotic cells, expressed as an increased chromosomal instability, and to analyze whether any chromosomal regions are especially affected by exposure to tobacco.In this prospective study, amniocytes were obtained by routine amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis from 25 controls and 25 women who smoke (> or =10 cigarettes/d for > or =10 years), who were asked to fill out a smoking questionnaire concerning their smoking habits. Chromosomal instability was analyzed in blinded fashion by 2 independent observers in routine chromosome spreads. Breakpoints implicated in chromosomal abnormalities were identified by G-banding.Association between maternal smoking and increased chromosomal instability in amniotic fluid cells, expressed as chromosomal lesions (gaps and breaks) and structural chromosomal abnormalities.Comparison of cytogenetic data between smokers and nonsmokers (controls) showed important differences for the proportion of structural chromosomal abnormalities (smokers: 12.1% [96/793]; controls: 3.5% [26/752]; P = .002) and to a lesser degree for the proportion of metaphases with chromosomal instability (smokers: 10.5% [262/2492]; controls: 8.0% [210/2637]; P = .04), and for the proportion of chromosomal lesions (smokers: 15.7% [391/2492]; controls: 10.1% [267/2637]; P = .045). Statistical analysis of the 689 breakpoints detected showed that band 11q23, which is a band commonly implicated in hematopoietic malignancies, was the chromosomal region most affected by tobacco.Our findings show that smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day for at least 10 years and during pregnancy is associated with increased chromosomal instability in amniocytes. Band 11q23, known to be involved in leukemogenesis, seems especially sensitive to genotoxic compounds contained in tobacco.
E-cigarettes cause indoor air pollution and inflammation, German study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Use of electronic cigarettes increases fine particle air pollution and levels of potentially carcinogenic compounds in people who use them, shows a small study designed to replicate their use in typical indoor environments.1 The findings show that e-cigarettes should be regulated and carry warnings of potential health effects, the German authors said.

The researchers, who included scientists from the Bavarian Health …
Abstract 6: Investigating the functional significance of FGFR2 SNP status in breast cancer
Authors: Luisa Robbez-Masson, Richard Grose
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Familial Breast cancer is now seen as a polygenic disease. Although several major susceptibility genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been identified in several cases, breast cancer susceptibility seems to arise from a large number of genetic loci, each conferring a minor influence on overall risk. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have identified several SNPs that associate with increased risk of breast cancer. Some of the most significant are located in the second intron of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene, indicating that the association with breast cancer is mediated through regulation of FGFR2. Functional SNPs within this region map to binding sites for the transcription factors Oct-1, Runx2 and C/EBPβ. Preliminary studies have shown that the Runx2 site is functional only in the minor, disease associated allele, resulting in increased expression of FGFR2 in cancer from patients homozygous for that allele. Moreover, the increased risk conferred by the minor FGFR2 allele is associated most strongly with ER+ breast tumours, suggesting a potential interaction between the two pathways. Our approach is to study the functional role of this new risk locus on the biology of cancer at the regulatory level. To study allele-specific gene expression (ASGE), we are using two surrogate SNP markers in the coding region of FGFR2, rs755793 and rs1047100. Taqman analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA from a panel of breast cancer samples allow us to evaluate the degree of SNP-dependent differential expression in a high throughput manner. Thus our study ultimately will allow us to test the hypothesis that the disease-associated allele of rs2981578 increases FGFR2 expression. Additionally, a genome editing approach using Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN) allows us to target the putative ‘regulatory’ SNP in breast cancer cell lines. A change, as small as a single nucleotide, can be made on MFC7 cell line to create new in vitro models that only differ in SNP status. These cell based models will be crucial in the study of the influence of FGFR2 SNPs in tumour initiation and progression. Thus our study will allow for the first time, investigation of the true physiological function of SNP status on breast cancer cell line behaviour. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 6. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-6
Toxic epidermal necrolysis occurring during treatment with trimethoprim alone
Authors: C N Wokolo, L Byrne, K J Misch
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Case I-A 56 year old man with mild hypertension sustained a cerebrovascular event in 1980 after which he had a mild right facial weakness and mild right hemiparesis.In 1981 he presented to this clinic with shooting pains affecting the right side of his body.He was successfully treated with sodium valproate and amitriptyline for three years.In 1984 the pain recurred and was worse and he also complained of hyperaesthesia of the right side of his body.Treatment with haloperidol and clomipramine was unsuccessful, and a transcutaneous nerve stimulator provided only temporary relief.In January 1985 he started a course of naloxone infusions; this resulted in partial improvement, which was maintained for six months.A second course of infusions gave greater relief for a further six months, and a third course gave him complete relief from pain for another six months.The pain then recurred and he started a fourth course of treatment.Results were equally good.Case 2-A 49 year old obese woman taking the oral contraceptive pill presented in 1981 with a right hemiparesis.She made a partial recovery but was left with a constant nagging pain in her right arm and leg.After being seen in several departments and by several practitioners she presented to this clinic and started a course of naloxone infusions, which resulted in considerable but not complete improvement during the treatment and for the next four months.3
Post-transplant acute myeloid leukemia (PT-AML)
Authors: R Thalhammer-Scherrer, G Wieselthaler, P Knoebl, I Schwarzinger, I Simonitsch, G Mitterbauer, GA Berlakovich, Ch Mannhalter, OA Haas, G Mayer, F Muehlbacher, E Wolner, W Klepetko, K Lechner, U Jaeger
Journal: Leukemia (1999)