tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Control of the Human <i>High Mobility Group A1</i> Gene: Basal and Oncogenic Ras-Regulated Expression
Authors: Isabelle Cleynen, Christel Huysmans, Takehiko Sasazuki, Senji Shirasawa, Wim Van de Ven, Kristel Peeters
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Several studies have already shown that the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) gene is up-regulated in most common types of cancer and immortalized tissue culture cell lines. HMGA1 expression is also much higher during embryonic development than in adult life. The elevated expression of HMGA1 in cancer thus likely occurs through oncofetal transcriptional mechanisms, which to date have not been well characterized. In the present study, we have cloned and functionally analyzed the TATA-less 5'-flanking regulatory region of human HMGA1. We identified two proximal regulatory regions that are important for basal transcription and in which specificity protein 1 (SP1) and activator protein 1 (AP1) transcription factors seem to be the regulating elements. In addition, we showed that the HMGA1 promoter is strongly inducible by oncogenic Ras, via a distal regulatory region. An AP1 site and three SP1-like sites are responsible for this inducible activity. An even more convincing finding for a role of oncogenic Ras in the regulation of HMGA1 in cancers is the discovery that HMGA1 up-regulation in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line is abolished when the mutated Ras allele is removed from these cells. Our data constitute the first extensive study of the regulation of basal and Ras-induced human HMGA1 gene expression and suggest that the elevated expression of HMGA1 in cancer cells requires, among others, a complex cooperation between SP1 family members and AP1 factors by the activation of Ras GTPase signaling.
Sex Bias in Considering Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: JONATHAN N. TOBIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Cardiovascular nuclear medicine exercise studies may serve as a screening method to be used in making decisions to refer patients for catheterization and coronary artery bypass surgery. In a study of 390 patients consecutively referred for nuclear exercise testing, abnormal results found in 31% of the women and in 64% of the men affected physicians' decisions to recommend catheterization in men only; 4% of the women with abnormal radionuclide scans were referred for catheterization compared with 40% of the men (p < 0.001). This 10:1 ratio was independent of age. A multiple logistic regression analysis that controlled for age, previous myocardial infarction, presence of typical and atypical angina, and abnormal test results yielded an odds ratio of 6.3 for men. The male-to-female ratio of patients with coronary artery disease given abnormal results of a cardiovascular nuclear scan is only 2:1. Thus, the sex differential in decisions to refer patients for cardiac catheterization cannot be explained entirely by differences in the sensitivity of tests or the rates of coronary artery disease; it also cannot be explained by differential benefits from surgery. These findings raise the question of whether coronary artery bypass surgery is underused in women.
TCT-310 Plaque Neovascularization Correlates With Thermal Heterogeneity As Measured By Microwave Radiometry
Authors: Konstantinos Toutouzas, Maria Drakopoulou, Archontoula Michelongona, Constantina Aggeli, Ioannis Felekos, Haralampos Grassos, Andreas Synetos, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Elias Siores, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Tail-Vein Injection of Mannan-Binding Lectin DNA Leads to High Expression Levels of Multimeric Protein in Liver
Authors: Thomas Vorup-Jensen, Uffe B. Jensen, Hong Liu, Toshisuke Kawasaki, Kazuhide Uemura, Steffen Thiel, Frederik Dagnæs-Hansen, Thomas G. Jensen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)
Routine Urinalysis: Is the Dipstick Enough?
Authors: Thomas L. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Shaw et al1advocate using leukocyte esterase-measuring dipsticks for routine urinalyses and reading the results at five minutes to increase the sensitivity of detecting abnormal urine sediment. They define abnormal sediment as any red blood cells, casts, yeast, or more than three white blood cells (WBCs) per high-power field. These recommendations are based upon several assumptions regarding the use of clinical tests that need to be examined more closely.  The authors have chosen spun-urine microscopy as the gold standard for measuring formed elements in the urine. However, for pyuria, spun-urine microscopy is unreliable and correlates poorly with leukocyte excretion rates (number of WBCs per hour) and hemocytometer chamber techniques (number of WBCs per cubic millimeter).2Leukocyte esterase dipsticks correlate better with pyuria by hemocytometry than by spun-urine microscopy3and may be more reliable than spun-urine microscopy.  The author's definition of abnormal urine sediment appears
Osteoprotegerin is an independent predictor of vascular events in Finnish adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1827–1833
Authors: D Gordin, A Soro-Paavonen, MC Thomas, V Harjutsalo, M Saraheimo, M Bjerre, C Forsblom, A Flyvbjerg, P-H Groop
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Gordin D, Soro-Paavonen A, Thomas MC, Harjutsalo V, Saraheimo M, Bjerre M, Forsblom C, Flyvbjerg A, Groop P-H, on behalf of …
Tc-99m Pertechnetate Imaging and CT Show Bilateral Huge Cervical and Intrathoracic Goiter Extending to the Posterior Mediastinum
Authors: BARBARA LAHR, JONG-KANG LEE, WEI-JEN SHIH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A patient with goiters had Tc-99m pertechnetate neck and chest images that showed enlargement of both thyroid lobes with mediastinal extension. The intensity of the large areas of diffuse uptake in the mediastinum was less than in the neck. CT imaging showed bilateral thyroid goiters with inferior extension to the posterior mediastinum. These findings corresponded with both a thyroid goiter and with intrathoracic extention into the posterior mediastinal by CT imaging. The patient underwent bilateral total thyroidectomy and right thoracotomy for the resection of the posterior mediastinal goiter. The removed posterior mediastinal goiter measured 7.5 × 5.4 × 4.1 cm and was confirmed to be a multinodular goiter. Although the intensity of radioactivity in the mediastinal goiter was less than that of the cervical goiter, the mediastinal portion of the goiter remained detectable by Tc-99m pertechnetate.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF INJURIES OF THE HEAD
Authors: WALTER E. DANDY
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In evaluating injuries of the head, I need hardly emphasize the fact that the alterations in the skull are of relatively minor concern. Life, at least, is at stake only through the changes produced on the intracranial contents; i. e., the brain and its blood vessels. And yet textbooks still classify injuries of the head as fractures of the vault and base, as simple or compound, and as linear or depressed. This nomenclature is the heritage of a past era when the true effects of injuries of the brain were little known. Moreover, every surgical attention was directed to the skull, for, owing to sepsis, the dura was the patient's last line of defense against the attack of surgeons. A hundred years ago the accepted form of treatment of one school of surgeons, led by the illustrious Pott, was to follow every line of fracture to its terminus (when possible)
Tc-99m HMDP Imaging of a Large Chondrosarcoma of The Knee
Authors: FEYZI TAMGAC, GEORGES BAILLET, PASCAL DAUTHIEUX, CHANTAL CORNELIE, JEAN-LUC MORETTI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

After multiple myeloma and osteogenic sarcoma, chondosarcoma is the third most common skeletal malignancy with known characteristics of cortical destruction and tumor necrosis. The median patient age is 45 years old. A large chondrosarcoma of the left knee in a 22-year-old man was identified on Tc-99m HMDP imaging.
Hepatoma-derived growth factor stimulates smooth muscle cell growth and is expressed in vascular development
Authors: Allen D. Everett, David R. Lobe, Martin E. Matsumura, Hideji Nakamura, Coleen A. McNamara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is the first member identified of a new family of secreted heparin-binding growth factors highly expressed in the fetal aorta. The biologic role of HDGF in vascular growth is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that HDGF mRNA is expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), most prominently in proliferating SMCs, 8–24 hours after serum stimulation. Exogenous HDGF and endogenous overexpression of HDGF stimulated a significant increase in SMC number and DNA synthesis. Rat aortic SMCs transfected with a hemagglutinin-epitope–tagged rat HDGF cDNA contain HA-HDGF in their nuclei during S-phase. We also detected native HDGF in nuclei of cultured SMCs, of SMCs and endothelial cells from 19-day fetal (but not in the adult) rat aorta, of SMCs proximal to abdominal aortic constriction in adult rats, and of SMCs in the neointima formed after endothelial denudation of the rat common carotid artery. Moreover, HDGF colocalizes with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in SMCs in human atherosclerotic carotid arteries, suggesting that HDGF helps regulate SMC growth during development and in response to vascular injury.
Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) correlates with carotid thickness
Authors: L.E.P. Rohde, R.T. Lee, W.H. Briggs, J. Rivero, M. Jamacochian, N. Nass, P. Libby, M.A Creager, P.M. Ridker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
UN criticises developed countries for reneging on promises on sexual health
Authors: Vittal Katikireddi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The developed world is breaking its pledges to fund sexual and reproductive health care in the developing world, says a new report published this week by the Alan Guttmacher Institute and the United Nations Population Fund.

“It is time for developed countries to live up to the pledges they made at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD). In 2000, these countries provided $2.6 billion [£1.4; €2.1bn] for sexual and reproductive health services in developing countries—less than half of what they had pledged at …
Risk Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death in Post-Menopausal Women
Authors: Monica L. Bertoia, Matthew A. Allison, JoAnn E. Manson, Matthew S. Freiberg, Lewis H. Kuller, Allen J. Solomon, Marian C. Limacher, Karen C. Johnson, J. David Curb, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Charles B. Eaton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Free Respiratory Health Screenings Offered to Coal Miners
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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Endothelin A Receptor Antagonism and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Are Synergistic via an Endothelin B Receptor–Mediated and Nitric Oxide–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Jane Goddard, Corine Eckhart, Neil R. Johnston, Allan D. Cumming, Andrew J. Rankin, David J. Webb
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

Animal studies suggest that endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonism and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition may be synergistic. This interaction and the role of ETB receptors and endothelial mediators were investigated in terms of systemic and renal effects in humans in two studies. In one study, six subjects received placebo, the ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 alone, and BQ-123 in combination with the ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 after pretreatment with the ACE inhibitor enalapril (E) or placebo. In the other, six subjects who were pretreated with E received placebo, BQ-123, and BQ-123 with concomitant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase or cyclo-oxygenase (COX). Both were randomized, double-blind, crossover studies. Mean arterial pressure was reduced by BQ-123, an effect that was doubled during ACE inhibition (mean area under curve ± SEM; BQ-123, −2.3 ± 1.8%; BQ-123+E, −5.1 ± 1.1%; P < 0.05 versus placebo). BQ-123 increased effective renal blood flow (BQ-123, −0.1 ± 2.4%; BQ-123+E, 10.9 ± 4.2%; P < 0.01 versus BQ-123), reduced effective renal vascular resistance (BQ-123, −1.2 ± 3.1%; BQ-123+E, −12.8 ± 3.0%; P < 0.01 versus placebo and versus BQ-123), and increased urinary sodium excretion markedly (BQ-123, 2.6 ± 12.8%; BQ-123+E, 25.2 ± 12.6%; P < 0.05 versus BQ-123, P < 0.01 versus placebo and versus E) only during ACE inhibition. These effects were abolished by both ETB receptor blockade and NO synthase inhibition, whereas COX inhibition had no effect. In conclusion, the combination of ETA receptor antagonism and ACE inhibition is synergistic via an ETB receptor–mediated, NO-dependent, COX-independent mechanism. The reduction of BP and renal vascular resistance and associated substantial natriuresis make this a potentially attractive therapeutic combination in renal disease.
Risk management for academics
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I was recently sent a PhD thesis to mark. As well as the smartly bound thesis, the parcel included an eight page glossy leaflet entitled “Safety—everyone's responsibility.” On my forthcoming visit to viva the candidate, I was informed, I should take reasonable measures to stay out of danger and not to harm others. I should place my used batteries only in bins labelled “toxic waste” and avoid blocking fire escape routes.

On the basis of my …
PROFOUND EXPERIMENTAL SENSORY ISOLATION
Authors: JAY T. SHURLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

A feasible and effective method has been described for studying a wide range of psychophysiological phenomena under circumstances permitting exceptionally effective isolation and demonstration of discrete elements in the complicated, interconnected patterns and sequences underlying even the simplest human act or experience. A number of hypotheses relating to very fundamental issues can be erected from these observations and can be subjected to experimental testing. In due course, such experiments may contribute to a more adequate understanding of human behavior.
Trends in prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in 5–7‐year old Swiss children from 1992 to 2001
Authors: L. Grize, M. Gassner, B. Wüthrich, B. Bringolf‐Isler, K. Takken‐Sahli, F. H. Sennhauser, T. Stricker, P. A. Eigenmann, C. Braun‐Fahrländer
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Changing occurrence rates of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are of public health concern and require surveillance. Changes in prevalence rates of these atopic diseases were monitored during 10 years and their trend with time was determined taking into account the influence of personal and environmental risk factors. Methods: Four cross‐sectional surveys in 5–7‐year old children were performed in seven different communities in Switzerland between 1992 and 2001. Prevalence of respiratory and allergic symptoms and of affecting risk factors including parental environmental concern were assessed using a standardized parental questionnaire. Results: A total of 988 (74.1%), 1778 (79.0%), 1406 (82.6%) and 1274 (78.9%) children participated, respectively, in the 1992, 1995, 1998 and 2001 surveys. Prevalence rates of asthma and hay fever symptoms remained quite stable over time (wheeze/past year: 8.8%, 7.8%, 6.4% and 7.4%, sneezing attack during pollen season: 5.0%, 5.6%, 5.4% and 4.6%). Rates of reported atopic dermatitis symptoms (specific skin rash/past year: 4.6%, 6.5%,7.4% and 7.6%) showed an increase over time, but those of diagnosis of eczema did not show a clear pattern (18.4%, 15.7%, 14.0% and 15.2%). Stratified analysis by parental environmental concern and by parental atopy showed similar trends. Rates of atopic dermatitis symptoms showed significant increase in girls but stayed stable in boys. Conclusion: Results of these four consecutive surveys suggest that the increase in prevalence of asthma and hay fever in 5–7‐year old children living in Switzerland may have ceased. However, symptoms of atopic dermatitis may still be on the rise, especially among girls.
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (marginal zone) with prominent T-cell component and aberrant dual (T and B) genotype; diagnostic usefulness of laser-capture microdissection
Authors: F. Gallardo, R.M. Pujol, B. Bellosillo, D. Ferrer, M. García, C. Barranco, M. Planagumà, S. Serrano
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

The presence of a dominant B- or T-cell clone is an important diagnostic criterion for distinguishing cutaneous lymphomas from lymphoid reactive infiltrates. Rarely, a combined B- and T-cell rearrangement can be detected from a single sample. In such instances, genotypic analysis does not permit differentiation of the coexistence of a T- and B-cell lymphoma from a single clone harbouring a monoclonal rearrangement for both immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor genes. We herein report a case of a skin tumour consistent with a dense cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate showing a double prominent B- and T-cell component. A dual B- and T-cell clonality was detected by polymerase chain reaction from whole-tissue DNA sample. Genotypic analysis with DNA, obtained after laser-assisted microdissection from the B-cell population, again showed both T- and B-cell monoclonal rearrangements. Conversely, the microdissected T-cell population did not reveal a clonal pattern. The diagnosis of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma with a dual B- and T-cell genotype was established. This description illustrates the diagnostic usefulness of laser-capture microdissection in cutaneous lymphomas presenting dual genotype.
French doctors face second trial
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Jean-Pierre Allain, who was jailed in France for authorising the distribution of blood products contaminated by HIV, was released from prison this week after serving half of his two year sentence. He will, however, not be able to return to his post as professor of transfusion medicine at Cambridge University because he is not allowed to leave France. Along with Dr Michel Garetta, former director of the National Blood Transfusion Centre, he was charged last week with poisoning. The possibility of a second trial for the same act has unleashed a controversy that may involve other former health officials and politicians and reach the European Court of Human Rights.

Last year Dr Garetta and his assistant, Dr Allain, were found guilty of “deception over …
TLR4 is essential for dendritic cell activation and anti-tumor T-cell response enhancement by DAMPs released from chemically stressed cancer cells
Authors: Hongliang Fang, Bing Ang, Xinyun Xu, Xiaohui Huang, Yanfeng Wu, Yanping Sun, Wenying Wang, Nan Li, Xuetao Cao, Tao Wan
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2013)
β-Blockers after Myocardial Infarction: Influence of First-Year Clinical Course on Long-Term Effectiveness
Authors: Catherine M. Viscoli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To develop a strategy for evaluating drug efficacy over time that accounts for heterogeneous clinical courses evolving after initiation of therapy and to demonstrate its use in assessing the long-term therapeutic benefit of propranolol after myocardial infarction. Design: Analysis of data from the Beta-Blocker in Heart Attack Trial (BHAT), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled patients from 1978 to 1980 and followed participants for vital status to April 1982. Setting: Thirty-one clinical centers in the United States and Canada. Patients: Eligible patients included 3297 men and women 30 to 69 years of age who survived 1 year after trial entry. Intervention: Patients were classified as being on treatment at 12 months after randomization if they were receiving β-blocker therapy at the 12-month visit and off treatment if they were not receiving β-blocker therapy at that time. Outcome Measure: Vital status evaluated at 720 days of follow-up. Results: A total of 2914 patients (88%) was classified as being at lower risk (strata I and II). For these patients, survival curves by treatment at 12 months were virtually indistinguishable. Among the 383 patients categorized as being at high risk on the basis of recurrent ischemic events, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, or severe comorbidity during the first 12 months, the use of β-blockers was associated with a 43% proportional decline in the subsequent risk for death (P = 0.01 by log-rank test). Conclusions: In patients who survived to 1 year with low- to moderate-risk clinical courses, β-blocker therapy did not have long-term beneficial effect. In contrast, among patients who had a high-risk clinical course during the first year, β-blockers significantly reduced mortality in the follow-up period.
Oral acyclovir in the suppression of recurrent non-genital herpes simplex virus infection
Authors: R.H.MEYRICK THOMAS, H.J. DODD, JANE M. YEO, J.D.T. KIRBY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial in 11 patients suffering eight or more episodes of recurrent non-genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection per annum, only two patients experienced a recurrence during treatment with oral acyclovir (200 mg 4 times daily) for up to 12 weeks, compared with nine during placebo treatment (P=0.016). Although lesion development was effectively suppressed in nine of the patients whilst taking acyclovir, the development of prodromal symptoms, and occasionally erythema, was reported by five. There was no difference between acyclovir and placebo in the time to the next recurrence following completion of treatment. No patient reported any side effects of either placebo or acyclovir therapy. It is believed that this is the first report of any form of oral therapy which is effective in suppressing recurrent non-genital HSV infection in immunocompetent patients.