tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-142 The Role of Sehcat Scanning in Patients with Chronic Diarrhoea: Results from a new Service
Authors: G H Bain, F McKiddie, L Lovell, H Gemmell, A W McKinlay, J S Leeds
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chronic diarrhoea is a common reason for referral to gastroenterology departments and often multiple investigations are undertaken. Bile acid malabsorption is an under recognised cause of chronic diarrhoea and currently occupies a lower tier in the investigatory pathway. SeHCaT scanning has been available in our region for the last 2 years and therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the role that this test has in such patients. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients referred for a SeHCaT scan were identified by searching by procedure in the Nuclear Medicine department. Patient demographics, indication, number of previous tests, surgical history and SeHCaT result were noted. The cut off for an abnormal test was &lt; 15% retention at 7 days. Notes were reviewed to determine which patients had treatment and the response rate. In those with a negative result, the final diagnosis (if known) was recorded. <h3>Results</h3> 122 patients (95 female, median age 50 years) had undergone a SeHCaT scan for investigation of chronic diarrhoea during the period January 2011 to July 2012. 61/122 (50%) patients had a SeHCaT retention &lt; 15% with 30 having retention values &lt; 5%, 19 between 5.1 – 10% and 12 between 10.1 – 15%. An abnormal SeHCaT scan was associated with previous bowel surgery (Odds ratio 14.2, 95% CI 1.8–113.1, p = 0.002) but not gender (odds ratio 2.0 95% CI 0.8–4.7, p = ns) or previous cholecystectomy (odds ratio 1.2 95% CI 0.5–2.7, p = ns). 45/53 (84.9%) patients were commenced on bile acid sequestrants (mainly cholestyramine) with a good response to treatment. 13 patients were intolerant of cholestyramine and switched to colesevalam of which 10 have so far had clinical improvement. Prior to SeHCat scanning patients had undergone a median of 2.5 other investigations (range 0 – 9). Final diagnosis was bile acid diarrhoea (n = 61), irritable bowel syndrome (n = 34), malabsorption (n = 3), Crohns disease (n = 2), coeliac disease (n = 1), diverticular disease (n = 1), small bowel bacterial overgrowth (n = 1) and still being investigated (n = 19). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with chronic diarrhoea, SeHCaT scanning has a high yield and is associated with good clinical response to treatment with cholestyramine. We did not find that previous cholecystectomy was a risk factor but confirm that bowel resection appears to be. Switching to colesevalam is effective when cholestyramine is not tolerated. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Studies on the Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Newborn
Authors: Werner A. Bleyer
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The drugs taken by 67 consecutive private patients during the last trimester of pregnancy have been analyzed by means of a maternal diary composed of a day-by-day medication record. Each mother took an average of 8.7 drugs during the period of study (three to nine weeks), when the drugs contained in multiple drug combinations are included. An average of 6.9 (80%) of these were taken without medical supervision or knowledge, and 1.8 (20%) were specifically ordered by the doctor. Next to vitamins, the most commonly used drugs were aspirin (69% of patients) and antacids (60% of patients). By using a personal medication record, the intake of drugs including those not ordinarily considered as "medicines" can be assessed in an outpatient population.
Manual of Asthma Management
Authors: J. S Milledge
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed Paul M O'Byrne, Neil C Thomson Saunders, £29.95, pp 851 ISBN 0 7020 1781 7

To provide “comprehensive yet practical and easily accessed advice on …asthma management” is the aim of the editors of Manual of Asthma Management. With 49 chapters by 69 authors from around the world the book is certainly comprehensive and well referenced.

Is the advice practical? Parts of it are very good indeed - for instance, the chapters on bronchodilators and on steroids. Also the final …
VALUE OF FORMALDEHYDE IN THE DISINFECTION OF BUILDINGS, ROOMS AND CARS.
Authors: JOHN E. OWENS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

During the summer of 1898, with the assistance of Mr. Ready, of the laboratory at St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago, I made some experiments with the German 40 per cent.solution of formaldehyde.We selected a room containing 500 cubic feet of space; one sheet was suspended by one side, from a cord stretched across the room.
AI-23 * PERIOSTIN REGULATES TUMOR RESISTANCE TO ANTIANGIOGENIC THERAPY THROUGH EMT AND ANGIOGENESIS-RELATED MECHANISMS IN GLIOMA STEM CELL MODELS
Authors: S. Y. Park, Y. Piao, J. de Groot
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Periostin (osteoblast-specific factor 2, POSTN) is able to interact with multiple integrins to coordinate a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and cell migration. Recent studies revealed that periostin plays an important role in tumor development and is up-regulated in a wide variety of tumors. In the present study, we investigated the role of periostin and its receptor in tumor invasion and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in a panel of glioma stem cell lines. The expression status of periostin was analyzed by western blot. Periostin expression in vitro was elevated in multiple GSCs including several lines of the mesenchymal subclass. All GSCs expressed the periostin receptor integrin-beta1 but only 2 of 10 lines (20%) expressed the integrin-beta3 receptor (GSC11 and GSC17). Stable knockdown of periostin expression using specific shRNA abrogated expression of multiple EMT (CAMK2N1, COL1A2, KRT14, COL3A1 and MMP-9) and angiogenesis-related (ANGPTL4, VEGFA, CXCL5, HPSE and EFNA3) genes compared to controls. Consistent with these results, expression of HIF-1 alpha and phosphorylation of STAT3 were decreased following knockdown of periostin. However, cell cycle related genes (CyclinD1 and CyclinD2) were unaffected. Moreover, recombinant periostin increased VEGF expression and glioma cell invasion in vitro. We demonstrated in previous studies that bevacizumab (Avastin, Roche/Genentech) increased glioblastoma invasion in vivo and acquired resistance to bevacizumab was associated with an increase in periostin levels in vivo. Bevacizumab and periostin shRNA-treated animals were evaluated for expression of the stem cell marker nestin. The number of nestin-positive cells decreased in shRNA-periostin NSC11 tumors alone and following bevacizumab treatment compared to controls. Detailed mechanisms of periostin-related resistance are being elucidated. Collectively, our data suggests that periostin appears to play an important role in glioma invasion, resistance to antiangiogenic therapy and may regulate mesenchymal differentiation.
Two Cases of Pubopenile Testis
Authors: C. D. Collins
Journal: BMJ (1959)

MESENTERIC CYSTS WITH MALROTATED INTESTINE MEDIALISoAL25loop.This form of volvulus is recognized as a frequent complication of intestinal malrotation.Summary and Conclusions The cases of four children are described in which that rare condition developmental mesenteric cyst was associated with malrotation of the intestines.Mesenteric cysts often present clinically with intestinal obstruction resulting from volvulus.Whilst the volvulus is often confined to the intestines immediately adjacent to the cyst, it occasionally involves the mid- gut loop, and it is then associated with incomplete or aberrant rotation of the intestines.It is therefore prudent to examine the rotation of the gut when operating for mesenteric cysts.Conversely, the presence of mesenteric cysts should be excluded in patients with malrotated intestines, even when volvulus of the mid-gut loop is not apparent at laparotomy.
Abstract P2-05-05: Canine invasive mammary carcinoma as a spontaneous model for insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-overexpressing triple negative breast cancer
Authors: L Jaillardon, F Nguyen, D Loussouarn, T Godard, J Abadie, B Siliart, M Campone
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Dogs spontaneously develop invasive mammary carcinoma with a high prevalence of the triple-negative subtype, making this model relevant for the investigation of new therapeutic pathways. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is extensively involved in malignant transformation, proliferation and metastasis in human breast cancer and multiple clinical trials have used IGF-1R inhibitors with encouraging results. Aims: To quantify IGF-1R expression in canine triple-negative invasive mammary carcinoma (TN-CMC) and assess its prognostic value (overall, specific and disease-free survival). To validate the dog as a spontaneous animal model for preclinical trials targeting IGF-1R in triple-negative breast cancer. Material and methods: 104 triple-negative canine invasive mammary carcinomas (Estrogen receptor negative, Progesterone receptor negative, not HER2 overexpressing) were included. Bitches were followed for at least 2 years after mastectomy. TN-CMC were classified as basal-like (Cytokeratin-CK 5/6 positive and/or Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-EGFR positive) and non-basal-like (CK 5/6 and EGFR negative). IGF-1R expression (clone G11) was quantified using the same scoring system as for HER2 in breast cancer. Results: 68.3% (n = 71/104) of the TN-CMC were classified as basal-like and 31.7% (n = 33/104) as non-basal-like. 45.2% (n = 47/104) of TN-CMC overexpressed IGF-1R (score 3+), of which 70.2% (n = 33/47) were basal-like and 61.7% (n = 29/47) were grade III. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that IGF-1R overexpression (score 3+) was associated with significantly shorter overall, specific and disease-free survivals (median: 163, 332 and 278 days respectively) than weak (score 1+) IGF-1R expression (median: 842 days, not achieved and 1011 days respectively). Conclusion and perspectives: IGF-1R overexpression is common and related to a poor outcome in canine triple-negative invasive mammary carcinoma. Preclinical studies using the dog as a spontaneous animal model for triple-negative breast cancer could be considered to investigate new therapies targeting IGF-1R. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-05-05.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Prematurity, and Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Gilberto F. Chávez
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  Dr Sissman raises an important point concerning the contribution of prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome to the overall rates of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). As we stated in our article, information routinely collected in the Birth Defects Monitoring Program during the study period was limited to a few sociodemographic variables. For this reason, our study was descriptive rather than analytic. The rates we reported for 1981 through 1986, therefore, were not stratified by variables such as maternal age, birth weight, or any other potential confounders. Dr Sissman states correctly that our rates of PDA were higher than in other reports because in the Birth Defects Monitoring Program an infant is identified with the code for PDA even if that infant was also premature. In our article, we stated that the high rate of PDA in blacks might reflect their high rate of prematurity.  We reviewed the Birth
Risks with Danazol in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Craig E. Metroka, Anne Moore, Joseph A. Sonnabend, Susanna Cunningham-Rundles
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Risks with Danazol in the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeCRAIG E. METROKA, M.D., PH.D., ANNE MOORE, M.D., JOSEPH A. SONNABEND, M.B., SUSANNA CUNNINGHAM-RUNDLES, PH.D.CRAIG E. METROKA, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANNE MOORE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH A. SONNABEND, M.B.Search for more papers by this author, SUSANNA CUNNINGHAM-RUNDLES, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-564_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Recently, danazol (Danocrine; Winthrop Laboratories, New York, New York) has been reported to decrease the need for transfusions of plasma products in persons with classic hemophilia and hemophilia B (Christmas disease) (1), to increase the platelet count in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (2), and to restore the T4/T8 ratio and lymphoproliferative responses to normal in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (3; FISCHL M. Personal communication.). These observations prompted us to examine the possibility that danazol might be able to improve T-cell function in patients with untreated Kaposi's sarcoma and persons who had clinically recovered from an...References1. GRALNICKRICK HM. Danazol increases factor VIII and factor IX in classic hemophilia and Christmas disease. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:1393-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. AHNHARRINGTONSIMON YWS. Danazol for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:1396-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. AHNHARRINGTONMYLVAGANAM YWR. Danazol therapy restores helper/surrpessor (T4/T8) ratios in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) [Abstract]. Blood. 1983;62:241a. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. METROKACUNNINGHAM-RUNDLESPOLLACK CSM. Generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual men. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:585-91. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHemostatic Abnormalities in HIV DiseaseDetermination of Danazol in Plasma by High Performance Liquid ChromatographyHuman Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated ThrombocytopeniaMANAGEMENT OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN HEMOPHILIADrug Information Analysis Service 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 564-565KeywordsAIDSBlood plasmaHemophilia AHemophilia BIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraKaposi sarcomaPlateletsRisk management Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Defect in the Transport of Long-Chain Fatty Acids Associated with Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Ali Al Odaib, Benjamin L. Shneider, Michael J. Bennett, Barbara R. Pober, Miguel Reyes-Mugica, Amy L. Friedman, Frederick J. Suchy, Piero Rinaldo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Fatty-acid oxidation has a major role in energy production during periods of fasting. When body glucose is depleted, fatty acids are mobilized from adipose tissue, taken up by the liver, and converted to ketone bodies, a major alternative source of energy for peripheral tissues.1 At the cellular level, after being transported through the cell membrane and then into the mitochondria by means of a carnitine-dependent system, long-chain fatty acids are predominantly oxidized in mitochondria.2,3 Common clinical features of disorders of fatty-acid oxidation are metabolic decompensation during fasting, hypoketotic hypoglycemia, and acute dysfunction of fatty-acid–dependent tissues (skeletal muscle, heart, and . . .
Traffic Air Pollution and Other Risk Factors for Respiratory Illness in Schoolchildren in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: B. Adetoun Mustapha, Marta Blangiardo, David J. Briggs, Anna L. Hansell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Association of childhood respiratory illness with traffic air pollution has been investigated largely in developed but not in developing countries, where pollution levels are often very high.
Vaccinia Necrosum Following Smallpox Vaccination for Chronic Herpetic Ulcers
Authors: John M. Neff
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To our knowledge, there are nine known cases in which vaccinia necrosum has followed smallpox vaccination for chronic herpetic ulcers. In five cases the patients died. One patient who died and one who recovered are reported here. Vaccination has never been shown to be an effective treatment for chronic herpes infection. We believe it should be considered a potentially dangerous practice, and that this form of supposed therapy be discontinued.
Decontamination of Respiratory Therapy Equipment
Authors: Pedro N. Paez
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent article (237:795-797, 1977), Smith and Massanari reported the presence of<i>Acinetobacter</i>organism in a group of patients using continuous bedside humidifiers. The authors hypothesized that the organism was deposited from the humidifier to the patient's skin and finally to the blood stream by way of the intravenous catheter. Though we shall not disagree with the contamination hypothesis, we must take exception with both the cleaning methods employed and the lack of monitoring of the existing decontamination procedure. The cleaning process as described in the article, with a phenol solution (no concentration given) and a 3% acetic acid rinse (no length of time given), cannot be considered adequate for equipment used in aerosol therapy. Use of acetic acid for decontamination of reservoir nebulizers is well known,<sup>1</sup>though not without some controversy.<sup>2</sup>Phenol solution (carbolic acid), though one of the oldest germacides in use
Aversion Therapy for Homosexuality
Authors: Stanley E. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —The Nov 13,1987, issue of JAMA contains a COUNCIL REPORT 1 that presents views of the scientific literature as of February 1987. One of the views, that  for homosexuality is appropriate only when a patient is uncomfortable with his or her   was based on the DSM-III disorder ego-dystonic homosexuality. 2 This diagnosis was used by some clinicians to justify providing aversion therapy to change the  orientation of patients who were distressed by their homosexuality.  In May 1987, the American Psychiatric Association removed the diagnosis of ego-dystonic homosexuality from the revised edition of DSM-III because there is no scientific basis for diagnosing homosexuality as a disorder. Now, a patient distressed about  orientation, whether heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual, may be diagnosed as sexual disorder not otherwise specified. 3   The disorder is the distress , not the  orientation, and treatment should be aimed at relieving
Hemodynamic Characterization of Patients with Severe Emphysema
Authors: Steven M. Scharf, Mobeen Iqbal, Cesar Keller, Gerald Criner, Shing Lee, Henry E. Fessler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONAPPENDIXReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Granulocyte‐Macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) priming in the treatment of elderly patients with acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Paul S. Frenette, Jane F. Desforges, David P. Schenkein, Arthur Rabson, Christopher A. Siapack, Kenneth B. Miller
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract Standard intensive induction therapy is tolerated poorly by elderly patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). We treated 19 elderly patients with AML, including seven with a prior myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with a combination of low dose cytarabine, hydroxyurea, and GM‐CSF. The percentage of blasts in S‐phase was evaluated prior to and 24 hr after starting the GM‐CSF infusion. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry using propidium iodine staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated monoclonal antibody to the myeloid antigen CD 33. Seven out of nineteen (37%) achieved a complete remission (CR) and six (31%) a partial remission (PR) for an overall response rate of 68% (13/19). There were three early deaths from infectious complications or organ filure. One patient died from disseminated fungal infection after attaining a PR. The medial overall survival was 9.5 months with a range of 1 to 23+ months. The projected median survival for the patients with de novo AML is greater than 23 months. The percentage of CD 33+ cells in S‐phase increased from a mean of 11.6+/‐2.7 (SEM) pre GM‐CSF to 19.0+/‐3.7 (SEM) post GM‐CSF ( P &lt; 0.001). Patients with prior MDS demonstrated a greater increment (post‐pre) in S‐phase activity after GM‐CSF administration ( P = 0.02). There was a correlation between the increase in percent of CD 33 + cells in S‐phase and the degree of cytoreduction as determined by the day 14 bone marrow biopsy (r = .78). The toxicity of the regimen was limited to the hematopoietic system. Sixteen out of nineteen patients (84%) and 12/13 (92%) of the responding patients had bone marrow aplasia on day 14. No patients experienced &gt;grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicity. There was no neurologic or cardiac toxicity. These data suggest that the combination of hydroxyurea, GM‐CSF, and cytarabine is an effective remission‐induction regimen in elderly patients with AML. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forty-Year Observation of 280 Japanese Patients With Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Authors: Nobuyuki Takasu, Tomomi Ikema, Ichiro Komiya, Goro Mimura
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Burden of Type 2Diabetes in Young Korean Adults Owing to Obesity P revious large-scale surveys reported that magnitudes of increase in type 2 diabetes and obesity are more remarkable among young adults than older ones, whereas prevalences of these are lower in young adults (1,2).These epidemiological findings have very important implications in clinical practice and public health policies.Despite its significance, however, there are few reports on the effects of obesity on the risk of disease in younger generations compared with older people.We investigated the effects of BMI on the development of type 2 diabetes according to age-group in a large-scale, 10year follow-up cohort, the Korea National Health Insurance Corporation (KNHIC) study.The KNHIC provides medical insurance to public servants, teachers, and their dependents.Of KNHIC members, 883,697 men and women aged 25-64 years in 1992 were selected as study subjects.All of the subjects were required to complete a medical questionnaire and have their general health status assessed every 2 years by the KNHIC.A more detailed description of the subjects has been published (3).Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed when the fasting plasma glucose level is Ն126 mg/dl or subjects were treated for type 2 diabetes.BMI was categorized by 1-unit increments to examine the overall disease risks in detail with regard to the degree of obesity.In the analyses, the reference point was set as a BMI of 21 kg/m 2 .We found a significant linear dosedependent relationship between BMI and type 2 diabetes in all age-groups (all P Ͻ 0.05 for the linear trend), and these trends were more pronounced in the younger groups.The interaction between BMI and age-group was statistically significant (P ϭ 0.003).With the reference BMI level of 21 kg/m 2 , subjects with a BMI of 25 kg/m 2 who were between 20 and 29 years old had a relative risk of 2.24 (95% CI 1.95-2.49),while subjects aged 30 -39, 40 -49, and Ն50 years with this BMI had relative risks of 2.28 (2.13-2.43),1.90 (1.78 -2.02), and 1.80 (1.65-1.95),respectively.Subjects with a BMI of 30 kg/m 2 who were between 20 and 29 years old had a relative risk of 6.69 (4.52-8.33),while subjects aged 30 -39, 40 -49, and Ն50 years with this BMI had relative risks of 4. 90 (4.11-5.58),4.09 (3.47-4.62),and 2.67 (2.05-3.17),respectively.The discrepancy between these risks increased with BMI.We found steeper dosedependent relationships between BMI and type 2 diabetes in the younger age-groups than in the older groups.Because type 2 diabetes leads to longterm morbidity, the prevention of obesity in younger generations and the early identification of overt disease need to be considered as critical public health issues.Therefore, public effort is needed to control weight problems and obesity in young people to prevent future health problems before it is too late.