tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PATHOLOGY AND PROGNOSIS OF INTERNAL EAR COMPLICATIONS RESULTING FROM INFLAMMATORY MIDDLEEAR DISEASES
Authors: J. HOLINGER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In 1907 a paper appeared by Dr. C. J. Blake of Boston under the above heading, as a part of a symposium on suppuration of the labyrinth. Our knowledge of the pathology of suppuration of the labyrinth has been increased since then by a number of valuable contributions, but, as in 1907, the volume of the literature on the clinical part of the subject is out of all proportion more extensive than on the pathologic. This is explained by the great technical and scientific difficulties of pathologic investigation of the labyrinth. The large amount of clinical literature, based on this comparatively small foundation of pathology, creates the impression that the whole structure of our teachings of suppuration of the labyrinth is somewhat top-heavy, and the inevitable consequence will be that our views on some ofour clinical teachings, as for example concerning the indications for operation, will probably, sooner or later,
Long-term vessel response to a self-expanding coronary stent: a serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis from the ASSURE trial
Authors: Yoshiki Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Honda, Leonard G Christie, Paul S Teirstein, Steven R Bailey, Charles L Brown, Ray V Matthews, Anthony C De Franco, Robert S Schwartz, Sheldon Goldberg, Jeffrey J Popma, Paul G Yock, Peter J Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Parkinsonism, tremor, and depression induced by cinnarizine and flunarizine.
Authors: D. Capella, J. R. Laporte, J. M. Castel, C. Tristan, A. Cos, F. J. Morales-Olivas
Journal: BMJ (1988)

55-596 60-64 2 65 4 transbronchial biopsy did not show any pathogen.He was treated with co-trimoxazole and hydrocortisone.After 14 days of co-trimoxazole he had improved clinically and radiographically and was discharged receiving maintenance treatment.I Anonymous.
Cyanide Intoxication and its Mechanism of Antagonism
Authors: J L Way
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1984)

The biological studies on cyanide are unique in that they preceded the chemical preparation of the substance (1). The last comprehensive review on the pharma­ cology and toxicology of cyanide was written by Dr. Reid Hunt at Johns Hopkins University in 1923 (2); however, this review was written in German. Recently, other books and monographs on cyanide have appeared (3, 4). The present review is restricted to selected aspects of cyanide and is primarily concerned with a descriptive and interpretive appraisal of the status of cyanide intoxication and its mechanism of antagonism. Cyanide bas created complex problems for modem society and these prob­ lems have evolved not only from industrial pollution but, paradoxically, from an inadvertent attempt to resolve pollution problems (5). Its use as a suicidal, homicidal, chemical warfare, and genocidal agent is well known. Toxic prob­ lems have been associated with ingesting cyanide-containing foods, and occu­ pational hazards have arisen as the industrial use of cyanide has increased. In medicine, it has created problems because some drugs with nitrile moieties liberate cyanide. Much of the toxicological interest in cyanide has focused on its rapid lethal action; however, its most widely distributed toxicologic problems are due to its chronic toxicity from dietary, industrial, and environmental factors. Cyanide is not wholly a toxin synthesized by civilization, as it existed in prebiotic times and was involved in biogenesis. In addition, cyanide is produced by various organisms and plants in our environment and has a role in normal metabolism.
Enhanced mucosal permeability and nitric oxide synthase activity in jejunum of mast cell deficient mice
Authors: S Komatsu, M B Grisham, J M Russell, D N Granger
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —Recent reports have described a modulating influence of nitric oxide (NO) on intestinal mucosal permeability and have implicated a role for mast cells in this NO mediated process. Aims —To assess further the contribution of mast cells to the mucosal permeability changes elicited by the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N G -nitro- l -arginine methylester ( l-NAME ), using mast cell deficient (W/W V ) and mast cell replete mice (+/+). Methods —Chromium-51 EDTA clearance (from blood to jejunal lumen), jejunal NOS and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, and plasma nitrate/nitrite levels were monitored. Results —The increased EDTA clearance elicited by intraluminal l-NAME in W/W V mice (4.4-fold) was significantly greater than the response observed in control (+/+) mice (1.8-fold). The exacerbated response in W/W v mice was greatly attenuated by pretreatment with either dexamethasone (1.3-fold) or the selective inducible NOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine (1.4-fold), and partially attenuated by the mast cell stabiliser, lodoxamide (2.9-fold). Jejunal inducible NOS activity was significantly higher in W/W V than in +/+ mice, while jejunal MPO was lower in W/W V mice than in +/+ mice, suggesting that the higher inducible NOS in W/W V does not result from the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the gut. The higher inducible NOS activity in the jejunum of W/W V was significantly reduced by dexamethasone treatment. Conclusions —Our results suggest that mast cells normally serve to inhibit inducible NOS activity tonically in the gut and that inhibitors of NOS elicit a larger permeability response when this tonic inhibitory influence is released by mast cell depletion.
Suprapubic vascular graft--a warning
Authors: J. B. Perkins
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  The femorofemoral bypass graft is an increasingly popular arterial shunt procedure. Such grafts traverse the suprapubic area subcutaneously and are therefore a potential hazard to the unsuspecting surgeon who may later undertake a lower abdominal, pelvic, or inguinal operation. A combined arteriogram and cystogram in one of our cases illustrates the relationship of graft and bladder (Fig 1).  The subcutaneous interfemoral graft, described by Vetto 1 in 1962, is used to relieve ischemia due to unilateral iliac arteriosclerosis obliterans. The technique is particularly valuable in poor-risk patients who cannot tolerate major abdominal surgery. The graft, a prothesis or vein, is simply introduced from one groin incision to the other by subcutaneous tunneling, then anastomosed to each common femoral artery. No warning suprapubic scar is visible. The scheme of the interfemoral graft is depicted in Fig 2.  A history of prior arterial surgery or bilateral femoral scars should
Unusual presentation of extragenital cutaneous Schistosomiasis mansoni
Authors: W. K. JACYK, R. V. LAWANDE, S. S. TULPULE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

An African patient with a hypopigmented plaque on the face, suggesting clinically tuberculoid leprosy or sarcoidosis, is described. Histology revealed palisading granulomas surrounding ova of Schistosoma mansoni.
Utility of Fast Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Display for the Detection of Myocardial Ischemia in Patients Not Well Suited for Second Harmonic Stress Echocardiography
Authors: W. Gregory Hundley, Craig A. Hamilton, Mark S. Thomas, David M. Herrington, Tiffany B. Salido, Dalane W. Kitzman, William C. Little, Kerry M. Link
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Some patients referred for pharmacological stress testing with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) are unable to undergo testing owing to poor acoustic windows. Fast cine MRI can be used to assess left ventricular contraction, but its utility for detection of myocardial ischemia in patients poorly suited for echocardiography is unknown. Methods and Results —One hundred fifty-three patients (86 men and 67 women aged 30 to 88 years) with poor acoustic windows that prevented adequate second harmonic TTE imaging were consecutively referred for MRI to diagnose inducible myocardial ischemia during intravenous dobutamine and atropine. Diagnostic studies were completed in an average of 53 minutes. No patients experienced myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, exacerbation of congestive heart failure, or death. In patients who underwent computer-assisted quantitative coronary angiography, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting a &gt;50% luminal diameter narrowing were 83% and 83%, respectively. In the 103 patients with a negative MRI examination, the cardiovascular occurrence–free survival rate was 97%. Conclusions —Fast cine cardiac MRI provides a mechanism to assess left ventricular contraction and diagnose inducible myocardial ischemia in patients not well suited for stress echocardiography.
Effects of aspirin on gastric prostaglandin E (PGE) and acid output in normal subjects.
Authors: C Child, W Jubiz, J G Moore
Journal: Gut (1976)

Aspirin administration to normal subjects resulted in a reduction in gastric prostaglandin E (PGE) output. Both PGE concentration and gastric juice volume were decreased. Gastric acid output also decreased, although the difference was not statistically significant. An increased sensitivity of the PGE system to inhibition by aspirin at 11 p.m., midnight, and 1am was observed.
The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial-Reply
Authors: Jeffrey A. Cutler
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Dr Burch is correct in asserting that changes in the levels of causative factors should be reflected in subsequent mortality rates in both the clinical trial and the ecological situation. His genetic explanation of the well-established CHD risk factor relationships, however, presents a difficulty in interpreting the results of studies such as those of migrant populations and the effects of riskfactor reduction (eg, cigarette smoking) seen in other observational studies. The most likely candidates suggested by Dr Burch for genuine precipitating agent(s) have little data to support such a role in contrast to the extensive literature on conventional risk factors.  Contrary to the impression left by Dr Seltzer's one-sided literature review, there was and is overwhelming evidence implicating the three major CHD risk factors. The several possible reasons for the lack of clear-cut support from the MRFIT for the role of these factors in reducing CHD mortality were
Secretor status and heterosexual transmission of HIV.
Authors: C C Blackwell, V S James, S Davidson, R Wyld, R P Brettle, R J Robertson, D M Weir
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Platelet counts may be raised in giant cell arteritis' 2 but the clinical relevance of this has not been examined.We have investigated the possibility of an association between thrombocytosis and ocular or cerebral ischaemic events in giant cell arteritis.
Glycogenic Hepatopathy in Type 1 Diabetes: An Underrecognized Condition
Authors: Komal Eram Imtiaz, Catherine Healy, Sadathulla Sharif, Ian Drake, Fehmida Awan, Jonathan Riley, Fiona Karlson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The combination of poorly controlled diabetes, acute liver injury with marked elevation in serum aminotransferases, and the characteristic histological changes on liver biopsy are diagnostic of glycogenic hepatopathy. A similar condition was described by Mauriac in 1930, characterized by growth retardation, hepatomegaly, Cushingoid features, and delayed puberty (1).

A 19-year-old type 1 diabetic female with poor glycemic control, complicated by recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was admitted in August 2011 with symptoms of feeling generally unwell, abdominal pain, vomiting, and breathlessness. Her glycemic control had been suboptimal for several years (HbA1c [NGSP] 14.6%, [International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine] 136 mmol/mol in July 2010). She was treated for DKA and had tender hepatomegaly. Investigations revealed abnormal liver function tests including γ-glutamyl transferase 317 (normal range [NR] 1–42 units/L), alanine aminotransferase 199 (NR …
Abstract 3488: Surveying colorectal cancer genome for clinically actionable genomic amplifications with droplet digital PCR.
Authors: Rowza T. Rumma, Laura Miotke, Lincoln Nadauld, Georges Natsoulis, Michael DiMaio, Moe Jalali, Hanlee Ji
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract New cancer therapies are increasingly geared towards exploiting critical genetic and genomic features specific to the tumor. These mutations and genomic aberrations are the basis for precision cancer medicine. Thus, rapid molecular characterization of clinical cancer samples has become increasingly important for cancer targeted therapy development. Our study addresses this need by identifying ‘druggable’ gene amplifications in colorectal cancer (CRC). Along these lines, we developed an accurate and rapid droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR) assay to analyze cancer-specific copy number variations (CNV) in 13 genes with oncogenic function that are the targets of specific cancer therapies. These genes were selected based on the availability of approved and early-phase targeted therapeutics that inhibit their oncogenic function. Using TCGA data, we vetted our targets by identifying frequent CRC amplifications and a correlation with gene expression. The ddPCR method involves emulsifying matched-normal cancer sample DNA that provides specific advantages for highly sensitive and specific detection of cancer CNVs. Post-amplification, emulsion droplets are streamed single-file into a capillary that leads past a two-color detector, where the positive droplets for the target and reference genes are “counted” for quantitation. This technology requires nanogram amounts of genomic DNA, thus facilitating the study of clinical cancer samples from small biopsies. It works well with genomic DNA extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated high sensitivity for detecting copy number amplifications even in samples containing a prominent fraction of normal tissue. We are extending our analysis to the full 13 “druggable” gene targets and evaluating patterns of mutual exclusivity and co-occurrence among a cohort of over 200 CRC tumors with information on clinical outcome. For example, we have demonstrated FGFR1 amplifications in 5.2% of our CRC tumor population. For ERBB2 variations in the same cohort, we detected amplifications in 3.6% of our population. ERBB2 and FGFR1 amplification events displayed a mutually exclusive pattern of segregation (p value &amp;lt;0.0001 per Chi-squared test with Yates correction). This efficient and inexpensive assay offers a significant potential to extend personalized therapeutic options available to CRC patients. Citation Format: Rowza T. Rumma, Laura Miotke, Lincoln Nadauld, Georges Natsoulis, Michael DiMaio, Moe Jalali, Hanlee Ji. Surveying colorectal cancer genome for clinically actionable genomic amplifications with droplet digital PCR. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3488. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3488
No Opium for Pain — A Threatening Medical Crisis
Authors: Leonard B. Greentree
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Turkey's decision on July 1, 1974, to set aside its Opium Pact with the United States by resuming the cultivation of the opium-poppy flower, from which illegal heroin and medicinal pain-killing opiate drugs are extracted, has provoked not only angry Congressional reaction but also critical editorial comment in this country. The political imperatives of this problem are current. The Christian Science Monitor described Turkey's act to lift the ban on the cultivation of the opium poppy as being a big disappointment and setback for the United States.1 The Wall Street Journal predicted, on August 22, 1974: "In fact, if Turkey . . .
Points: Medical charities and prevention
Authors: D F Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1980)

entitled to private practice, . . .which is an important part of their income. . . .Private hospitals occupy an important position in the health service, and without their facilities it is unlikely that the state system could operate without substantial delays and waiting lists....There is peaceful coexistence between public and private systems; they operate side by side, without difficulty, and the Government gives every encouragement to citizens to use private facilities to the maximum.... Patients . . .who opt for private facilities receive a subsidy."(All the italics are mine.)These quotations are from a description of the health care system in the Irish Republic (by Mr R M Graham of the Voluntary Health Insurance Board in Dublin), which by coincidence reached me today also.The Englishman by tradition has derided the capability of the Irishman to think clearly.But it seems to me that the boot is on the other foot in this case.If any should say that this is all very well but such a sensible mixture of provision for those in need, with a subsidy for self-help, could not ever be accepted here, my reply is that there is abundant and consistent evidence, in repeated public opinion polls, that the majority-regardless of party or trade urion membership-are not ill disposed to a symbiotic health care system of this nature.
Beyond the Bench: Of Mice and Women
Authors: Tanya Tillett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Society Builds Sustainability in AfricaWith the speed of industrialization in today's global community, the costs of disparities in environmental health and risk assessment can be dangerously high in developing countries without broad, stable regulatory and protective measures in place.Addressing capacity-building problems will depend largely upon the implementation of proactive measures within the borders of these developing nations-measures that participants sought to create at the Risk Assessment and Quality Assurance Training Workshop of the African Society for Toxicological Sciences (ASTS), held 21-28 October 2006 in Limbe, Cameroon.The workshop was cosponsored by the NIEHS as part of its efforts to expand global environmental health initiatives, as outlined in the institute's Strategic Plan.Forty-seven experts in toxicology research, environmental policy, and government from Cameroon, Nigeria, Sudan, South Africa, the United States, and Europe convened for the purpose of generating ideas for new sustainable development initiatives.Attendees also took part in training modules and a site visit to a local oil refinery.Sanmi Areola, a toxicologist with the Metro Nashville/Davidson County (Tennessee) Public Health Department and incoming ASTS president, says that organizations such as the ASTS serve as necessary bridges of communication between developed and developing nations."Continuing and
Late morbidity of very low birthweight infants.
Authors: M E Imogen Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The use of hospitals in the first year after term was studied in a geographically based group of 111 very low birthweight infants in Liverpool. This was compared with that of 216 term infants without perinatal complications. Of the group with very low birth weight, 59 (53%) were readmitted, with three deaths, compared with 21 (10%) of the term infants. Of the admissions, 67 (40%) related to sequels of neonatal illness or its management. The admissions were repeated and of long duration, resulting in a 16-fold increased load of inpatients, an eightfold increase in surgical procedures, and a twofold increase in attendance by outpatients at the local children9s hospitals compared with the term group. This population of infants after intensive care represented a high risk group with specific problems and requirements in infancy, even when problems were not apparent at discharge from the neonatal unit.
Abstract 1341: Insulin directly induces endometrial cell proliferation and carcinogenesis
Authors: Erin A. Bishop, Stan A. Lightfoot, Doris M. Benbrook
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Diabetes and insulin resistance are strong risk factors for type 1 endometrial cancer. The mitogenic actions of insulin are well described, but less is known about the role insulin may play in carcinogenesis. It is unknown if insulin plays direct role in the carcinogensis of endometrial cells or if insulin promotes carcinogenesis through its overall physiological effects. Key pathways within the insulin signaling cascade, such as Ras-MAPK and PI3-K-mTOR, are also involved in the formation and progression of many cancers. The goal of this study was to determine if insulin exerted direct effects on normal endometrial cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Methods: The effects of varying doses of insulin on endometrial cells collected from human menstrual blood from healthy volunteers were measured using a standard MTS cytotoxicity assay. These cells were also grown in 3-D organotypic culture for 2 weeks and exposed to a known carcinogen, 7, 12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA), insulin, and the combination of both agents. Effects of insulin were evaluated by histological evaluation and quantified with anchorage independent growth assays. Results: Insulin increased proliferation of endometrial cells in a dose dependent fashion. In the organotypic model, insulin caused the development of malignant features such as nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, and mitosis as a single agent and enhanced these malignant features in the DMBA treated cultures. Consistent with these findings, soft agar colony forming assays demonstrated significantly greater numbers of anchorage-independent colonies in cultures treated with insulin plus DMBA in comparison to cultures treated with DMBA alone. Conclusions: Insulin exerts direct effects on endometrial cells by increasing their proliferation and enhancing their susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Western immunoblotting is now being performed to characterize the effects of insulin on the AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1341. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1341
State Board of Health of Pennsylvania.
Authors: Benjamin Lee
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Philadelphia, July, 1893. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The recent session of the legislature of this State was marked by an unusual interest in all matters pertaining to the protection of the public health. A step of great importance was the passage of an act making the establishment of Boards of Health compulsory in all incorporated boroughs in the State. As these Boards are by the terms of the law required to report to the State Board of Health, we may hope that in the course of the next six months, the sanitary organization of the State will be so complete that the State Board will have accurate and early information of all outbreaks of contagious disease. Although the legislature declined to increase the very meager appropriation to the State Board of Health, it granted the request of the Board to appropriate the sum of $50,000, to be used in case of
Searching the Literature Comes Before Writing the Literature
Authors: WILLIAM K. BEATTY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Searching the literature can be done quickly and efficiently if appropriate guides and suitable methods are used. The current search for a few recent references can be accomplished by either the Medline search or the Abridged Index Medicus, depending on the subject. A review of the literature should start with Medical Subject Headings, Index Medicus, and Cumulated Index Medicus and then draw on other guides as needed. The Science Citation Index will be helpful in locating modifications of earlier work and in many other ways. As potentially useful references are found they should be accurately recorded. Guides are available for many areas related to medicine. Foreign languages need not cause insurmountable problems. Books, as well as journals, can provide helpful information. Several useful services are available on tapes or through other computerized systems, and much pertinent information can easily be obtained from these as well as from printed sources.