tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
981-46 Impact of a Comprehensive Management Program on the Hospitalization Rate for Patients with Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Gregg C. Fonarow, Lynne W. Stevenson, Julie A. Walden, Michele A. Hamilton, Barbara J. Natterson, Anthony E. Steimle, Jaime D. Moriguchi, Holly R. Middlekauff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Effect of Two Different Bypass Techniques on the Serum Troponin-T Levels in Newborns and Children
Authors: Zsolt L. Nagy, Mike Collins, Tracy Sharpe, Saeed Mirsadraee, Rafael R. Guerrero, John Gibbs, Kevin G. Watterson
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Cardiac troponin-T is a sensitive marker of myocardial damage. In a prospective study, the effect of 2 different pH strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass on ischemic myocardial injury and clinical outcome was measured in a pediatric population.One hundred one patients (31 neonates 13.2+/-8.3 days and 70 children 34.5+/-44.1 months of age) undergoing open-heart surgery were selected to either alpha-stat (n=51) or pH-stat (n=50) acid-based management protocol. Serum troponin-T levels were measured before and 30 minutes after bypass and then 4 and 24 hours postoperatively. Surgical procedure, bypass details, inotropic support requirement, and postoperative recovery were recorded. Baseline troponin-T level was higher in neonates than in children (0.18+/-0.22 versus 0.04+/-0.05 microg/L, P=0.02). Also, a higher baseline level was found in patients with pulmonary hypertension (0.13+/-0.21 versus 0.04+/-0.05 microg/L, P=0.04). Cyanotic children showed a higher peak troponin-T level (3.76+/-3.11 versus 1.67+/-1.33 microg/L, P=0.04). Peak troponin levels showed a correlation with the length of circulatory arrest and aortic cross-clamp time. Postoperative levels remained high at 24 hours in patients requiring inotropic support. Peak troponin-T levels were significantly lower in the pH-stat group in patients with pulmonary hypertension (P=0.03) and in cases where circulatory arrest (P=0.01) or inotropic support (P=0.01) was necessary during operation than in those with alpha-stat technique. Postoperative ventilation time and length of intensive care unit stay were also significantly longer with alpha-stat than with pH-stat technique (P=0.005 and P=0.006, respectively).Cardiac troponin-T sensitively reflects myocardial damage in children. Our results suggest that pH-stat acid-based management protocol may provide better protection against ischemic myocardial damage than alpha-stat technique.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in exeter, 10 year experience
Authors: E. Wesley, H. Travers, A. Godden, J. Christie
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a well-recognised complication of cirrhosis. The British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) recommends surveillance with abdominal ultrasound and α-feto protein measurement every 6 months.1 Surveillance is believed to be widely practiced in the UK, although few centres, including ours, operate a robust computerised recall system. The authors aimed to determine the (1) prevalence of HCC in the Royal Devon and Exeter population, (2) frequency of cases with a previous diagnosis of cirrhosis, (3) aetiology of the cirrhosis and (4) outcomes of patients, and to identify avoidable shortcomings in the surveillance of these patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective case note review of all HCC patients diagnosed between January 1999 and November 2009. <h3>Results</h3> The authors identified 69 HCC patients. Mean age at diagnosis was 67 (range 16–93). 54 patients (78%) were male. 27 had been previously diagnosed with cirrhosis. 23 patients with HCC did not have cirrhosis. The aetiology of the previously diagnosed cirrhosis was nine alcohol, four Hepatitis C + Alcohol combined, four Hepatitis C alone, three autoimmune, two NASH, one Hepatitis B, two cryptogenic, one Hep C and AIH, one Alcohol + Haemachromatosis. Six of the known cirrhotics were diagnosed as a direct result of surveillance. 83% of those screened according to guidelines had HCC Stage II or less compared with 57% of the known cirrhotics who were not screened. 67% of those screened received a transplant or chemo-embolisation compared with 29% of those not screened. Average survival of the 6 who were screened is 713 days from diagnosis to date, compared with 160 days in the known cirrhotics who were not screened according to guidelines. Survival was 38% at 1 year, 18% at 2 years and 7% at 5 years. 67% (18/27) of known cirrhotics had not been surveyed according to BSG guidelines. 54% of all patients presented with advanced disease (Stage IIIa and above). 10 (14%) had curative treatment (5 transplanted, 5 liver resection). 59 (86%) had palliative treatment only (12 chemo-embolisation, 6 chemotherapy, 41 no treatment). <h3>Conclusion</h3> One third of patients who are diagnosed with HCC have no clinical signs, radiological or histological evidence of cirrhosis. 28% of HCC is diagnosed at first presentation of cirrhosis and not through a screening programme. Patients who were picked up by screening had earlier disease and better outcomes. A significant proportion of known cirrhotic patients were not surveyed according to BSG guidelines and would have benefited from a more robust screening system.
Abstract 4185: Identifying transcriptional start sites of human microRNAs based on high-throughput sequencing data
Authors: Ann-Ping Tsou, Chia-Hung Chien, Pei-Yun Chiang-Hsieh, Wei-Chih Tsai, Hsien-Da Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by hybridizing to the 3′-untranslated regions (3′ UTR) of target mRNAs, subsequently controlling diverse biological processes at posttranscriptional level. How miRNA genes are regulated receives considerable attention because it directly affects miRNA-mediated gene regulatory networks. Although numerous prediction models were developed for identifying miRNA promoters or transcriptional start sites (TSSs), most of them lack experimental validation and are inadequate to elucidate relationships between miRNA genes and transcription factors (TFs). Here, we integrate three experimental datasets, including Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) tags, TSS Seq libraries, and H3K4me3 chromatin signature derived from high-throughput sequencing analysis of gene initiation, to provide direct evidence of miRNA TSSs, thus establishing an experimental-based resource of human miRNA TSSs, named miRStart. Moreover, a machine learning based Support Vector Machine (SVM) model is developed to systematically identify representative TSSs for each miRNA gene. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed resource, an important human intergenic miRNA, hsa-miR-122, is selected to experimentally validate putative TSS owing to its high expression in a normal liver. In conclusion, this work successfully identify 847 human miRNA TSSs (292 of them are clustered to 70 TSSs of miRNA clusters) based on the utilization of high-throughput sequencing data from TSS-relevant experiments, and establish a valuable resource for biologists in advanced research in miRNA-mediated regulatory networks. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4185. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4185
Abstract 517: Ectopic expression of an obscurin signaling cassette decreases migration and invasion of metastatic breast cancer cells.
Authors: Nicole A. Perry, Aikaterini Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The obscurins (∼70-820 kDa) are a family of proteins expressed from the 150 kb OBSCN gene, located on human chromosome 1. Sequencing analysis of breast and colorectal cancers, as well as melanoma and glioblastoma, revealed that obscurins are mutated at a substantial frequency and these mutations may be driving tumor formation. Our work has recently demonstrated that obscurins are present in normal breast, skin, and colon cells, but absent in their cancerous counterparts. Downregulation of obscurins’ expression is sufficient to allow non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells to evade apoptosis induced by etoposide. Furthermore, absence of obscurins allows increased migration and invasion of breast epithelial cells. Remarkably though, we observed that ectopic expression of a fragment of obscurin composed of tandem src homology 3-Rho guanine exchange factor-pleckstrin homology (SH3-RhoGEF-PH) motifs was sufficient to decrease monolayer migration and invasion of metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, which are naturally deficient in obscurins, by &amp;gt;20% and &amp;gt;70%, respectively. Based on our observations that 1) absence of obscurins allows increased migration and invasion of breast cells, and 2) expression of an obscurin cassette mitigates this migratory and invasive behavior of metastatic breast cancer cells, we postulate that obscurins may act as metastasis suppressors in breast epithelium. We have therefore begun to investigate how the tripartite obscurin fragment, SH3-RhoGEF-PH, can influence the behavior of the cytoskeleton and therefore affect migration and invasion. We have found that the RhoGEF domain directly induces guanine nucleotide exchange in RhoA, but not Rac1 or Cdc42. This activity may be allosterically regulated by the adjacent SH3 domain, which interacts with the RhoGEF domain in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, the PH domain binds to 3’-phosphorylated inositol lipid headgroups, providing a mechanism for the obscurins to respond to signals generated at the plasma membrane. Together, this evidence suggests that the tripartite signaling cassette can recapitulate the full-length obscurins’ metastasis-suppressing activity, and may merit development as a therapy for advanced breast cancer. Citation Format: Nicole A. Perry, Aikaterini Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos. Ectopic expression of an obscurin signaling cassette decreases migration and invasion of metastatic breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 517. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-517
Informed Consent for Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Joel I. Hamburger
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The provocative article on informed consent by Mills (229:305, 1974) opens the door to a number of interesting considerations. To a thyroidologist, Mills's statement that there might be a legal obligation to inform hyperthyroid patients of alternatives to thyroidectomy suggests an interesting scenario. A patient undergoes a<i>successful</i>and<i>uncomplicated</i>thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism without having been informed of the availability of radioactive iodine, or after having been advised against radioactive iodine for spurious reasons. The patient later learns the facts about radioactive iodine. Can the patient sue the surgeon for pain, suffering, the surgical scar, and loss of time from work while hospitalized? Can the patient (or his insurance carrier) sue the surgeon for the additional expenses generated by what might have been an unnecessary hospitalization? To thoughtful physicians and to imaginative attorneys (perhaps idled by no-fault auto insurance laws) the doctrine of informed consent may have
Let's Work Together!
Authors: James E. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Mr Speaker, officers and members of the Board of Trustees, delegates and alternates to the House of Delegates, presidents of state associations, auxiliary officials, and distinguished guests: I feel privileged to join the ranks of 142 predecessors who have had the singular opportunity to serve as President of the American Medical Association. As I stand here—humbly, respectfully, and enthusiastically accepting the challenges of this office—I am honored to be in the presence of this audience, the leaders of American medicine. This opportunity is especially meaningful to me because it comes at a time when our profession is at a zenith of unprecedented accomplishments. Working with the people of this country, we have achieved so much. Life expectancy continues to lengthen. The quality of life continues to improve. And the public now exhibits a widespread and impressive commitment to self-care and the prevention of illness. The advances of many decades are
A FEW MORE REMARKS ON DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS.Read in the Section of Dermatology and Syphilography, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn, May, 1890.
Authors: A. RAVOGLI
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Since Duhring, in 1884, called the attention of dermatologists to a group of eruptions of the skin under the name of dermatitis herpetiformis, interest in these eruptions has greatly increased, because many affections of this kind could find their right nosological place in dermatology. Many of these cases were formerly confounded with erythema multiformis, others with herpes iris, others with pemphigus; impetigo herpetiformis hebræ remaining a peculiar eruption out of any definite nosological class. As the bulla was characteristic of pemphigus, so every bullous eruption was characterized as such, and on account of the pruritus, the adjective of pruriginosus was added. Duhring's work consisted in definitely establishing the general symptoms which constitute the type of these eruptions and thus refer them all to one group. 1. Polymorphism of the eruption. 2. Paresthesia. 3. Chronic course and relapse. 4. Relative general good feeling: Certainly the disease is not a new
Cholescintigraphic Detection of Intraperitoneal Bile Leakage from a Perforated Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: KURT A. WESTLEY, WILLIAM H. STRAUB, JOHN W. KEYES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 66-year-old woman with known gallstones and peptic ulcer disease presented with acute epigastric pain. Cholescintigraphy revealed nonvisualization of the gallbladder with subhepatic and perihepatic accumulation of tracer. An upper gastrointestinal examination with water-soluble contrast revealed a perforated duodenal ulcer, with leakage confirmed at laparotomy. The gallbladder was intact.
TCT-841 One Year Outcomes following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement In Patients Over 75 Years ‘The Elderly Pilot Study’
Authors: Alaide Chieffo, Gill Buchanan, Azeem Latib, Irene Franzoni, Matteo Montorfano, Francesco Maisano, Micaela Cioni, Filippo Figini, Eustachio Agricola, Giovanni La Canna, Remo Covello, Annalisa Franco, Chiara Gerli, Pietro Spagnolo, Ermelinda De Meo, Alessandro Durante, Angela Ferrari, Ottavio Alfieri, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Occurrence and Properties of the Hyperpolarization-Activated Current I <sub>f</sub> in Ventricular Myocytes From Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats During Aging
Authors: Elisabetta Cerbai, Mario Barbieri, Alessandro Mugelli
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Cellular electrophysiological alterations may contribute to arrhythmogenesis in cardiac hypertrophy. An I f -like current occurs in left ventricular myocytes (LVMs) isolated from the hypertrophied heart of old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Factors that influence I f occurrence during development of cardiac hypertrophy were studied by determining its presence, amplitude, characteristics, and β-adrenoceptor modulation. Methods and Results Patch-clamped LVMs from young (2 to 3 months old) or old (18 to 24 months old) normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR were used. A diastolic depolarization phase was present in old SHR. An I f -like current occurred in &gt;90% of LVMs from old SHR and WKY and in ≈15% of LVMs from young rats ( P &lt;.05). Activation curves of I f were similar in old rats, with the midpoint at −92.9±2.9 mV in WKY (n=42) and −88.1±1.5 mV in SHR (n=25); maximal specific conductance was 54.4±1.7 in SHR and 20.1±0.5 picosiemens/picofarad in WKY ( P &lt;.05). In WKY, I f amplitude was linearly related to membrane capacitance, an index of cell size ( r =.53, P &lt;.001). This relation was absent in SHR, in which a significant positive correlation was found between the heart weight to body weight ratio and I f density. In both old WKY and old SHR, 0.1 μmol/L (−)-isoproterenol increased I f amplitude by shifting its activation curve toward more positive potentials. Conclusions In LVMs from both WKY and SHR, the occurrence of I f increases with aging. Density appears linearly related to the severity of cardiac hypertrophy and increases with β-adrenoceptor stimulation, which suggests that I f may contribute to an increased propensity of the hypertrophied heart for arrhythmias.
Butylated hydroxyanisole stimulates heme oxygenase-1 gene expression and inhibits neointima formation in rat arteries
Authors: X LIU, M AZAM, K PEYTON, D ENSENAT, A KESWANI, H WANG, W DURANTE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic phenolic compound that is a potent inducer of phase II genes. Since heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a vasoprotective protein that is upregulated by phase II inducers, the present study examined the effects of BHA on HO-1 gene expression and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Epidermal growth factor potentiates in vitro metastatic behaviour of human prostate cancer PC-3M cells: involvement of voltage-gated sodium channel
Authors: Pinar Uysal-Onganer, Mustafa BA Djamgoz
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2007)

Abstract Background Although a high level of functional voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) expression has been found in strongly metastatic human and rat prostate cancer (PCa) cells, the mechanism(s) responsible for the upregulation is unknown. The concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a modulator of ion channels, in the body is highest in prostatic fluid. Thus, EGF could be involved in the VGSC upregulation in PCa. The effects of EGF on VGSC expression in the highly metastatic human PCa PC-3M cell line, which was shown previously to express both functional VGSCs and EGF receptors, were investigated. A quantitative approach, from gene level to cell behaviour, was used. mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR. Protein expression was studied by Western blots and immunocytochemistry and digital image analysis. Functional assays involved measurements of transverse migration, endocytic membrane activity and Matrigel invasion. Results Exogenous EGF enhanced the cells' in vitro metastatic behaviours (migration, endocytosis and invasion). Endogenous EGF had a similar involvement. EGF increased VGSC Nav1.7 (predominant isoform in PCa) mRNA and protein expressions. Co-application of the highly specific VGSC blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) suppressed the effect of EGF on all three metastatic cell behaviours studied. Conclusion 1) EGF has a major involvement in the upregulation of functional VGSC expression in human PCa PC-3M cells. (2) VGSC activity has a significant intermediary role in potentiating effect of EGF in human PCa.
Long-term Outcomes Following Tumor Ablation for Treatment of Bilateral Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Paul J. Karanicolas, William R. Jarnagin, Mithat Gonen, Scott Tuorto, Peter J. Allen, Ronald P. DeMatteo, Michael I. D’Angelica, Yuman Fong
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Ablative therapies extend the capability of delivering potentially curative treatment for bilateral hepatic colorectal metastases.To compare the long-term effectiveness of ablation with that of resection in patients with bilateral hepatic colorectal metastases.Review of a prospective database of 2123 operative cases of hepatic colorectal metastases.A large institution with expertise in ablation and resection.Patients with bilateral colorectal liver metastases undergoing operation with a curative intent. A total of 141 patients had been treated with bilateral resection (BR) and 95 had undergone ablation.Radiofrequency or microwave ablation alone or in combination with resection (A/R) compared with BR.We compared tumor characteristics and operative and postoperative outcomes using χ2 or Wilcoxon tests as appropriate and assessed overall survival differences between the 2 groups using the log-rank test.During the study, 141 patients were treated with BR and 95 patients with A/R. The A/R group was a significantly poorer prognostic group than the BR group as judged by the Clinical Risk Score (P < .01). There was no difference in median operative time (A/R: 280 minutes, BR: 282 minutes; P = .52), but a lower blood loss (A/R: 300 mL, BR: 500 mL; P < .01) and a shorter length of stay (A/R: 7 days, BR: 9 days; P < .01) was achieved in the A/R group. Long-term outcome was not significantly different between the groups (5-year overall survival, A/R: 56%, BR: 49%; P = .16).Treatment of bilateral, multiple hepatic metastases with combined resection and ablation was associated with improved perioperative outcomes without compromising long-term survival compared with bilateral resection. Ablative therapies extend the capability of delivering potentially curative treatment for bilateral hepatic colorectal metastases.
Molecular and Biological Properties of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Family of Proteins
Authors: NAPOLEONE FERRARA, KEITH HOUCK, LYN JAKEMAN, DAVID W. LEUNG
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

THE establishment of a vascular supply is a critical requirement for cellular inflow of nutrients, outflow of waste products, and gas exchange in most tissues and organs (1). In endocrine glands, the vascularization not only serves such needs but also provides a pathway for the specific secretory products (2, 3). Furthermore, in the anterior pituitary (4–6) and in the adrenal medulla (7, 8), an unusual angioarchitecture, where a portal capillary plexus delivers venous blood originating from an adjacent gland, is intimately involved in the control of the secretory activity. In the adrenal medulla, this vascular design may even determine the ultimate secretory product (8). Not surprisingly, the cardiovascular system is the first organ system to develop and reach a functional state in an embryo (9–12). In the human, primitive blood vessels appear as early as day 15, and a circulation with a beating heart is already established by the end of the third week.
Endogenous HLA class II epitopes that are immunogenic in vivo show distinct behavior toward HLA-DM and its natural inhibitor HLA-DO
Authors: Anita N. Kremer, Edith D. van der Meijden, Maria W. Honders, Jelle J. Goeman, Emmanuel J. H. J. Wiertz, J. H. Frederik Falkenburg, Marieke Griffioen
Journal: Blood (2012)
THE PREVALENCE OF "EVALUATE"!
Authors: Davis Furman
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Is there an especially comprehensive, or technical, or medical, meaning to the word "evaluate" which causes it to appear in so many recent medical papers? Or does it, like the economic coinage "normalcy," just appeal to many? [Note.—Probably the latter. It has long been known to philologists that there is a tendency for words to be taken up and widely used over short periods, and then discarded for more popular words. In other words, there is a style in words as in other phases of human existence.—Ed.]
Catheter Ablation of Atypical Atrial Flutter and Atrial Tachycardia Within the Coronary Sinus After Left Atrial Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Aman Chugh, Hakan Oral, Eric Good, Jihn Han, Kamala Tamirisa, Kristina Lemola, Darryl Elmouchi, David Tschopp, Scott Reich, Petar Igic, Frank Bogun, Frank Pelosi, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)