tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenetic Association of the NPPA T2238C Genetic Variant With Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Amy I. Lynch, Eric Boerwinkle, Barry R. Davis, Charles E. Ford, John H. Eckfeldt, Catherine Leiendecker-Foster, Donna K. Arnett
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The NPPA gene codes for the precursor of atrial natriuretic polypeptide, suggesting that NPPA may modulate the efficacy of some antihypertensive drugs.To test whether participants with minor NPPA alleles in the T2238C or G664A variants had different rates of cardiovascular disease or blood pressure (BP) changes than common allele homozygotes when treated with a diuretic vs other antihypertensive medications.Post hoc analysis of 38,462 participants with hypertension from ALLHAT, a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in the United States and Canada. Genotyping was performed from February 2004 to January 2005.Participants were randomly assigned to receive a diuretic (chlorthalidone; n = 13,860), a calcium antagonist (amlodipine; n = 8174), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril; n = 8233), or an alpha-blocker (doxazosin; n = 8195).The primary outcome measure was coronary heart disease (CHD), defined as fatal CHD or nonfatal myocardial infarction (mean follow-up, 4.9 years). Secondary outcomes were stroke, all-cause mortality, combined cardiovascular disease outcomes, and 6-month systolic and diastolic BP changes. Genotype x treatment interactions were tested where genotypes were modeled additively and dominantly.Depending on genotype, the event rates per 1000 person-years were 15.3 to 19.7 for CHO, 9.6 to 15.4 for stroke, and 27.4 to 30.7 for all-cause mortality. For the NPPA T2238C variant, lower event rates were found for the C allele carriers than for the TT homozygous individuals when comparing chlorthalidone and amlodipine (CHD: CC = 0.86; TC = 0.90; TT = 1.09; P = .03 [dominant model]; stroke: CC = 1.18; TC = 0.82; TT = 1.26; P = .01 [additive and dominant models]; all-cause mortality: CC = 0.87; TC = 0.98; TT = 1.12; P = .05 [dominant model]). Combined end points yielded similar results. Consistent with these clinical findings, 6-month changes in systolic BP for those with the CC genotype showed larger reductions with chlorthalidone (-6.5 mm Hg) than with amlodipine (-3.8 mm Hg), lisinopril (-2.4 mm Hg), or doxazosin (-3.8 mm Hg). Among those with the TT genotype, systolic BP differences between drugs were less (range, -5.4 to -7.5 mm Hg; P value, <.001 to .003 for interaction); diastolic BP showed similar results. We found no pharmacogenetic associations with the NPPA G664A variant.The NPPA T2238C variant was associated with modification of antihypertensive medication effects on cardiovascular disease and BP. Minor C allele carriers experienced more favorable cardiovascular disease outcomes when randomized to receive a diuretic, whereas TT allele carriers had more favorable outcomes when randomized to receive a calcium channel blocker.
Foundation hospitals will be introduced into NHS despite opposition
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Foundation hospitals became law last week as the Health and Social Care Bill narrowly scraped through a hostile House of Lords and survived the largest Commons rebellion since Labour came to power. Just hours remained in the parliamentary year when the Lords bowed to the will of the Commons and passed the bill.

In an earlier Commons vote on the bill, in July, the government's majority was cut to a record low of 35. This time 62 Labour MPs rebelled, to set a new record low majority of just 17. The government's nervousness was signalled by the return of the minister for sport, …
Diet-Induced Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency in Ambulatory Patient With Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cheryl M Piper, Patricia B Carroll, Fredrick L Dunn
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

We report a case of symptomatic essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) occurring in afree-living individual with type I diabetes mellitus who was voluntarily following a high-carbohydrate, fat-restricted diet. The patient was 43 yr old with type I diabetes for 18yr and no chronic complications. His self-imposed diet excluded all red meats, fats, and oils. After several months of this diet, the patient developed lethargy and a pruritic, diffuse, scaly, and erythematous rash. Biochemical studies revealed a mildly elevated SGOTand abnormally low levels of linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic fatty acids. Treatment with linoleic acid supplementation in his diet improved the rash, normalized SGOT, and corrected the fatty acid profile. We conclude that EFAD may occur in a free-living individual after consuming a very low-fat diet.
Short-term effects of early intravenous treatment with a beta-adrenergic blocking agent or a specific bradycardiac agent in patients with acute mycardial infarction receiving thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Frans Van De Werf, Luc Janssens, Thomasz Brzostek, Luc Mortelmans, J.T.H. Wackers, Georges M. Willems, Hein HeidbÜchel, Emmanuel Lesaffre, Ilse Scheys, Désiré Collen, Hilaire De Geest
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
A phase 2 trial of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and relapsed/refractory myeloma
Authors: Paul G. Richardson, Wanling Xie, Sundar Jagannath, Andrzej Jakubowiak, Sagar Lonial, Noopur S. Raje, Melissa Alsina, Irene M. Ghobrial, Robert L. Schlossman, Nikhil C. Munshi, Amitabha Mazumder, David H. Vesole, Jonathan L. Kaufman, Kathleen Colson, Mary McKenney, Laura E. Lunde, John Feather, Michelle E. Maglio, Diane Warren, Dixil Francis, Teru Hideshima, Robert Knight, Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Edie Weller, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2014)
Effects of lysine vasopressin and glypressin on the fibrinolytic system in cirrhosis.
Authors: J G Douglas, J A Forrest, C V Prowse, J D Cash, N D Finlayson
Journal: Gut (1979)

In eight patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension an intravenous infusion of lysine vasopressin induced a rapid increase in the plasma level of the fibrinolytic proenzyme plasminogen activator. In contrast, triglycyl lysine vasopressin (glypressin; GVP), in a dose known to lower portal venous pressure, produced no fibrinolytic response. This lack of fibrinolytic response represents an advantage of GVP over lysine vasopressin in addition to its longer in vivo half-life and lower cardiotoxicity. Clinical trials of GVP in the treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices are needed.
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE THYMUS SYSTEM AND THE BURSA SYSTEM IN THE CHICKEN
Authors: Max D. Cooper, Raymond D. A. Peterson, Mary Ann South, Robert A. Good
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

The bursa of Fabricius and the thymus are "central lymphoid organs" in the chicken, essential to the ontogenetic development of adaptive immunity in that species. Surgical removal of one or both of these organs in the newly hatched chicken, followed by sublethal X-irradiation the next day, has permitted recognition of two morphologically distinct cell systems in the "peripheral lymphoid tissues" of the spleen, gut, and other organs, and clear definition of the separate functions of each cell system. The thymus-dependent development is represented morphologically by the small lymphocytes of the circulation and the white pulp type of development in the tissues. As in mammals, the thymus-dependent tissues of the chicken are basic to the ontogenesis of cellular immunity: graft versus host reactions, responses of delayed hypersensitivity and homograft rejection; and play a less clearly defined role in the antibody response to at least some antigens. Thymectomized-irradiated chickens are deficient in all these responses, and grow more slowly than any of the other experimental groups. In these animals germinal centers, plasma cells, and capacity for immunoglobulin synthesis remain intact. The bursa-dependent development is represented morphologically by the larger lymphocytes of the germinal centers and the plasma cells, and functionally by the immunoglobulins. Bursectomized-irradiated chickens are agammaglobulinemic and unable to produce detectable antibody despite intense, repeated stimulation with bovine serum albumin and Brucella abortus organisms. The thymus-dependent development in these animals seems to be normal; they have adequate numbers of lymphocytes in the circulation and tissues, are able to reject skin homografts, though more slowly than usual, and to exercise graft versus host reactions. The short life span of these chickens has precluded adequate study of responses of delayed hypersensitivity. There was no evidence of significant impairment of reticuloendothelial function in either the bursectomized-irradiated or the thymectomized-irradiated group, as judged by the clearance of colloidal gold and I(131)-tagged keyhole limpet hemocyanin.
Pancytopenia with hypercellular bone marrow—a possible paraneoplastic syndrome in carcinoma of the lung: A report of three cases
Authors: Itamar Raz, Eilat Shinar, Aaron Polliack
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Three patients with idiopathic pancytopenia and hypercellular bone marrow who developed carcinoma of the lung within two years of diagnosis are reported. All three patients had macrocytic anemia associated with a megaloblastic marrow in the presence of normal serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels. Neutropenia with monocytosis, elevated serum muramidase and LAP scores, and increased fetal hemoglobin levels were also found. In all cases Ham's tests were negative with a normal bone marrow karyotype. In all three patients, pancytopenia due to myelodysplasia, a probable preleukemic state, was diagnosed initially prior to the appearance of carcinoma of the lung. One of the patients showed improved leukocyte and platelet counts during chemotherapy, while the other two died before chemotherapy could be administered. In the light of the above findings we suggest that carcinoma of the lung may be the cause of a paraneoplastic syndrome with pancytopenia, particularly in patients with a hypercellular marrow with a normal karyotype.
Sorafenib in Advanced Clear-Cell Renal-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bernard Escudier, Tim Eisen, Walter M. Stadler, Cezary Szczylik, Stéphane Oudard, Michael Siebels, Sylvie Negrier, Christine Chevreau, Ewa Solska, Apurva A. Desai, Frédéric Rolland, Tomasz Demkow, Thomas E. Hutson, Martin Gore, Scott Freeman, Brian Schwartz, Minghua Shan, Ronit Simantov, Ronald M. Bukowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

We conducted a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor of tumor-cell proliferation and angiogenesis, in patients with advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma.From November 2003 to March 2005, we randomly assigned 903 patients with renal-cell carcinoma that was resistant to standard therapy to receive either continuous treatment with oral sorafenib (at a dose of 400 mg twice daily) or placebo; 451 patients received sorafenib and 452 received placebo. The primary end point was overall survival. A single planned analysis of progression-free survival in January 2005 showed a statistically significant benefit of sorafenib over placebo. Consequently, crossover was permitted from placebo to sorafenib, beginning in May 2005.At the January 2005 cutoff, the median progression-free survival was 5.5 months in the sorafenib group and 2.8 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio for disease progression in the sorafenib group, 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 0.55; P<0.01). The first interim analysis of overall survival in May 2005 showed that sorafenib reduced the risk of death, as compared with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.94; P=0.02), although this benefit was not statistically significant according to the O'Brien-Fleming threshold. Partial responses were reported as the best response in 10% of patients receiving sorafenib and in 2% of those receiving placebo (P<0.001). Diarrhea, rash, fatigue, and hand-foot skin reactions were the most common adverse events associated with sorafenib. Hypertension and cardiac ischemia were rare serious adverse events that were more common in patients receiving sorafenib than in those receiving placebo.As compared with placebo, treatment with sorafenib prolongs progression-free survival in patients with advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma in whom previous therapy has failed; however, treatment is associated with increased toxic effects. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00073307 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Vegetable Garden, Overcast Morning, Eragny
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Advances in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Colin Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Volume 1 of<i>Advances in Obstetrics and Gynecology</i>, edited by Stewart L. and Cyril C. Marcus, might well be used as a textbook for any young obstetrician-gynecologist who is beginning a career in academic medicine; it would also be hard to imagine a better source of review material for board examinations than this volume. The range is nearly as wide as the medical horizon of our time; only the psychosocial aspects of obstetrics and gynecology have been omitted. The rest is all here: ultrasound, immunologic problems, bacteremic shock, surgery for cancer of the cervix. But this book is not superficial; materials are treated in satisfactory depth. The roster of contributors constitutes a real "all-star cast." Naturally, there is considerable variation in the writing style from chapter to chapter, but this is only a small disadvantage. It is hard to imagine an obstetric and gynecologic book which would do a better
HVEM
Authors: Jr-Wen Shui, Mitchell Kronenberg
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM or CD270) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), and therefore it is also known as TNFRSF14. We have recently provided evidence showing a novel signaling pathway downstream of HVEM leading to signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in epithelial cells.Citation1 As STAT3 regulates the expression of genes important for host defense in epithelial cells,Citation2-Citation4 as well as the differentiation of retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt+ Th17 and innate lymphoid cells (ILC),Citation5-Citation10 our finding that HVEM activates STAT3 has revealed fresh insights into the potential regulatory function of HVEM in different cellular contexts. Therefore, although further investigations will be required, HVEM is emerging as a major player in mucosal host defense, capable of regulating several cellular responses.
Kikuchi Fujimoto lymphadenitis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Giuseppe Famularo, Maria Cristina Giustiniani, Angela Marasco, Giovanni Minisola, Giulio Cesare Nicotra, Claudio De Simone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract We describe a young woman with two severe episodes of Kikuchi Fujimoto disease occurring 16 years apart. Both episodes were proven by biopsy, and on the second occasion the patient remained dependent on high‐dose prednisone for more than 6 months in order to control inflammation and achieve a reduction in cervical lymph node size. The second lymph node biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis in addition to the typical features of Kikuchi Fujimoto disease, but, even though the clinical interpretation of this finding was unclear, we documented no clinical or laboratory evidence of the development of other serious systemic disease over 20 years of follow‐up. Kikuchi Fujimoto disease is considered a disorder with a self‐limited course and a favorable outcome. However, on the basis of our experience with this patient and data from peer‐reviewed literature, we suggest that this generally accepted postulate should be revised. Am. J. Hematol. 74:60–63, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE SALT-POOR DIET IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: F. S. Modern
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —I followed for some time with great interest the controversy on the value of a salt-poor diet in the treatment of hypertension. I have used a salt-free diet in fifty-seven cases of arterial hypertension. Of these fifty-seven patients, in whom renal injury was excluded by careful functional tests, forty-seven (73.6 per cent) have shown improvement to varying degrees. Five (8.5 per cent) have held a normal blood pressure for at least three years, and the others have blood pressures below 160 systolic and around 100 diastolic. Twelve did not react at all. Later on, one developed a renal lesion and died of apoplexy. The others I lost sight of. In two of these cases, a striking example was furnished of how even a slight increase in the salt content may offset, or entirely, obviate, response to salt-poor diet.  One patient was a woman who showed a hypertension
Prevention of congenital abnormalities by periconceptional multivitamin supplementation.
Authors: A E Czeizel
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To study the effect of periconceptional multivitamin supplementation on neural tube defects and other congenital abnormality entities. DESIGN--Randomised controlled trial of supplementation with multivitamins and trace elements. SETTING--Hungarian family planning programme. SUBJECTS--4156 pregnancies with known outcome and 3713 infants evaluated in the eighth month of life. INTERVENTIONS--A single tablet of a multivitamin including 0.8 mg of folic acid or trace elements supplement daily for at least one month before conception and at least two months after conception. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Number of major and mild congenital abnormalities. RESULTS--The rate of all major congenital abnormalities was significantly lower in the group given vitamins than in the group given trace elements and this difference cannot be explained totally by the significant reduction of neural tube defects. The rate of major congenital abnormalities other than neural tube defects and genetic syndromes was 9.0/1000 in pregnancies with known outcome in the vitamin group and 16.6/1000 in the trace element group; relative risk 1.85 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 3.38); difference, 7.6/1000. The rate of all major congenital abnormalities other than neural tube defects and genetic syndromes diagnosed up to the eighth month of life was 14.7/1000 informative pregnancies in the vitamin group and 28.3/1000 in the trace element group; relative risk 1.95 (1.23 to 3.09); difference, 13.6/1000. The rate of some congenital abnormalities was lower in the vitamin group than in the trace element group but the differences for each group of abnormalities were not significant. CONCLUSIONS--Periconceptional multivitamin supplementation can reduce not only the rate of neural tube defects but also the rate of other major non-genetic syndromatic congenital abnormalities. Further studies are needed to differentiate the chance effect and vitamin dependent effect.
6-Min Walk Test Provides Prognostic Utility Comparable to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Ambulatory Outpatients With Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Daniel E. Forman, Jerome L. Fleg, Dalane W. Kitzman, Clinton A. Brawner, Ann M. Swank, Robert S. McKelvie, Robert M. Clare, Stephen J. Ellis, Mark E. Dunlap, Vera Bittner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngotonsillitis-Reply
Authors: Patricia Ferrieri
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The possible role of β-lactamase-producing bacteria in protecting group A streptococci from the activity of penicillin is not precisely clear. As Dr Brook indicates in his letter, the reasons for high failure rates in second and third courses of penicillin are "still unknown and speculative." I believe further confirmation of the cited studies is necessary to place all of the issues in perspective.
A Distinct Spectrum of Copy Number Aberrations in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Dorine A. Bax, Alan Mackay, Suzanne E. Little, Diana Carvalho, Marta Viana-Pereira, Narinder Tamber, Anita E. Grigoriadis, Alan Ashworth, Rui M. Reis, David W. Ellison, Safa Al-Sarraj, Darren Hargrave, Chris Jones
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: As genome-scale technologies begin to unravel the complexity of the equivalent tumors in adults, we can attempt detailed characterization of high-grade gliomas in children, that have until recently been lacking. Toward this end, we sought to validate and extend investigations of the differences between pediatric and adult tumors. Experimental Design: We carried out copy number profiling by array comparative genomic hybridization using a 32K bacterial artificial chromosome platform on 63 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cases of high-grade glioma arising in children and young people (&amp;lt;23 years). Results: The genomic profiles of these tumors could be subclassified into four categories: those with stable genomes, which were associated with a better prognosis; those with aneuploid and those with highly rearranged genomes; and those with an amplifier genotype, which had a significantly worse clinical outcome. Independent of this was a clear segregation of cases with 1q gain (more common in children) from those with concurrent 7 gain/10q loss (a defining feature of adults). Detailed mapping of all the amplification and deletion events revealed numerous low-frequency amplifications, including IGF1R, PDGFRB, PIK3CA, CDK6, CCND1, and CCNE1, and novel homozygous deletions encompassing unknown genes, including those at 5q35, 10q25, and 22q13. Despite this, aberrations targeting the “core signaling pathways” in adult glioblastomas are significantly underrepresented in the pediatric setting. Conclusions: These data highlight that although there are overlaps in the genomic events driving gliomagenesis of all ages, the pediatric disease harbors a distinct spectrum of copy number aberrations compared with adults. Clin Cancer Res; 16(13); 3368–77. ©2010 AACR.
Psychosomatic Aspects in Myocardial Infarction in Comparison with Angina Pectoris
Authors: M. Dongier
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

Although there are opinions to the contrary, the literature provides fairly convincing evidence that some psychodynamic features are more frequent than others in subjects prone to coronary heart disease. As personality changes often take place following myocardial infarction, retrospective studies are less convincing than prospective ones. Most of the latter are rather superficial in nature. However, they point in the direction of predominance of obsessive-compulsive character defences, more in myocardial infarction than in angina pectoris without myocardial infarction. Poverty of fantasy life, operational mode of mental functioning ('pensée opératoire' of the French school), repression and control of emotional reactions appear predominantly in the former.