tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Community Outreach in Diabetes: The Kentucky Protocol
Authors: Steven B Leichter, Peggy Collins, Susan Ferguson, Ann Rhodes, Lexington Kentucky
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Many ongoing projects in diabetes care delivery or manpower training involve the interface of university-based subspecialty teams in diabetes with primary care workers in outlying communities. The development of functional community contacts is an integral part of diabetes education projects at various universities, including a diabetes education program (the Kentucky Diabetes Program) based at the University of Kentucky. In these and similar diabetes programs, establishing functional and convenient community contacts is often difficult and frustrating.
Occupational cancer in France: epidemiology, toxicology, prevention, and compensation.
Authors: J C Aubrun, S Binet, C Bozec, P Brochard, S Dimerman, B Fontaine, P Guénel, D Luce, Y Martinet, J J Moulin, J M Mur, M Pietruszynski, C Vallayer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

This article is a description of the current situation in France with regard to occupational cancer: research, prevention, and occupation. Toxicologic experiments are carried out using (italic)in vitro(/italic) and (italic)in vivo(/italic) tests, particularly using transgenic mice. Several epidemiologic studies have been conducted over the last decades: population-based case-control studies; mortality studies and cancer incidence studies carried out in historical cohorts of workers employed in the industry; and case-control studies nested in occupational cohorts. French ethical aspects of toxicologic and epidemiologic studies are described. The results thus obtained are used to establish regulations for the prevention and the compensation of cancers attributable to occupational exposure. This French regulation for prevention of occupational cancer involves several partners: (italic)a(/italic)) the states authorities, including labor inspectors, responsible for preparing and implementing the labor legislation and for supervising its application, particularly in the fields of occupational health and safety and working conditions; (italic)b(/italic)) the Social Security Organisation for the analysis of present or potential occupational risks based on tests, visits in plants, complaints or requests from various sources, and statistics. These activities are performed within the framework of the general French policy for the prevention of occupational cancer. This organization includes the National Institute for Research and Safety, particularly involved in research in the various fields of occupational risks--animal toxicology, biologic monitoring, exposure measurements epidemiology, psychology, ergonomy, electronic systems and machineries, exposure to chemicals, noise, heat, vibration, and lighting; and (italic)c(/italic)) companies where the regulation defines the role of the plant manager, the occupational physician, and the Health, Safety and Working Conditions Committee (comprising the manager, employees' representatives, the occupational physician, and the safety department) in dealing with any problem regarding safety, occupational hygiene, and working conditions. These organizations along with medical practitioners are involved with the compensation of occupational cancers. The regulation for compensation includes the tables of occupational cancer, the possibility of recognition of a cancer case when the requirements of the tables are not met, and the postprofessional follow-up of workers exposed to a carcinogenic agent.
Octreotide Therapy for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas: A Follow-up of 52 Patients
Authors: P Chanson, B D Weintraub, A G Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of octreotide in the treatment of pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting adenomas. Data Sources: Combination of review and original data. Review data included information supplied by Sandoz Pharmaceuticals from patient case report forms and information from abstracts and articles published in the French or English language between 1987 and 1991. Original data included follow-up data on 15 of 37 previously reported cases and data on 15 new cases provided by 11 investigators. Study Selection: Fifty-two cases from 24 medical centers in nine countries reported between 1987 and 1991. Data Extraction: Chief clinical characteristics of the patients; dose and duration of octreotide treatment; serum TSH, thyroid hormone, and free -subunit levels before and during treatment; serial anatomic evaluation of the pituitary gland by either computed tomographic scanning or magnetic resonance imaging; and side effects. Data Synthesis: After the first octreotide dose (50 to 100 g), TSH levels decreased in all but 2 patients (mean decrease for the whole group, 55.8% 27%). Levels of -subunit decreased in 15 of the 19 patients who had -subunit assessments (mean decrease, 37.5% 24%). Reduction of TSH levels after short-term treatment (50 or 100 g two or three times daily) was observed in 30 of 33 patients (mean decrease, 74.1%). Thyroid hormone levels were reduced in all patients and returned to normal in 73%. Despite an initial response to therapy, thyroid hormone levels continued to rise (true escape) in 2 patients receiving short-term therapy and in 3 patients receiving long-term therapy. Partial shrinkage of the adenoma occurred in 11 patients. Conclusions: Octreotide is an effective treatment for TSH-secreting adenomas. Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels almost always decreased, and thyroid hormone levels reverted to normal in about three quarters of patients. Partial tumor shrinkage was observed in one third of patients receiving long-term octreotide treatment.
On the relationship between rhythmic firing in the supramammillary nucleus and limbic theta rhythm
Authors: Bernat Kocsis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Lewis emphasizes the role of theta oscillations in emergent coupling among neural subsystems during emotionally relevant tasks or situations. Here I present some recent data on the relationship of rhythmic neuronal discharge in the supramammillary nucleus and the large-scale theta oscillations in the limbic system which provide support to many of his ideas regarding vertical integration in dynamic systems.
O165 SIMEPREVIR PLUS SOFOSBUVIR WITH/WITHOUT RIBAVIRIN IN HCV GENOTYPE 1 PRIOR NULL-RESPONDER/TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS (COSMOS STUDY): PRIMARY ENDPOINT (SVR12) RESULTS IN PATIENTS WITH METAVIR F3–4 (COHORT 2)
Authors: E. Lawitz, R. Ghalib, M. Rodriguez-Torres, Z.M. Younossi, A. Corregidor, M.S. Sulkowski, E. DeJesus, B. Pearlman, M. Rabinovitz, N. Gitlin, J.K. Lim, P.J. Pockros, B. Fevery, T. Lambrecht, S. Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan, K. Callewaert, W.T. Symonds, G. Picchio, K. Lindsay, M. Beumont-Mauviel, I.M. Jacobson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
An Artist in the University Medical Center
Authors: John D. Stoeckle
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The institutional life of medicine has been celebrated in media of all kinds. Books came first, as hospital and medical school histories and the lives of the staff. Newspaper and magazine stories followed about hospitals' new technologies, the electrocardiogram and x-ray machine, with illustrated photographs of their use and of the staffs humane care of the sick. Still later were the research reports in scientific journals and texts by social science participant-observers on seeing and hearing about the illness experience of patients and about the learning experience of trainees, often followed by autobiographical, sometimes cynical, novels and self-reports from students and residents on becoming a doctor. After such old, familiar media came today's market-driven radio and television spots, which advertise our university medical centers as "the-best-hospital-the-best-staff." Movies like "The Doctor" show the struggle to care, and TV documentaries, like Frederick Weissman's on Beth Israel's intensive care unit, reveal the talk
AN INTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS IN A CASE OF A TUBERCULAR FECAL FISTULA OF TWENTY YEARS' STANDING.
Authors: JACOB FRANK
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Mrs. H., aged 50 years, consulted me at St. Elizabeth's Hospital in September, 1898, and gave the following brief history: At about the age of 14 she was taken sick with pain in the abdomen. No diagnosis was made by her physician, and, after many months of suffering a spontaneous opening appeared at the umbilicus, with a discharge of large quantities of pus. About twenty years before I saw her, a fecal fistula appeared through the same opening, discharging both pus and feces. On examination a large, hard, immovable mass could be palpated, irregular in outline and extending from the site of the fistula along the left iliac region far into the pelvis. A vaginal examination revealed both anterior and posterior culs-de-sac filled with a hard mass and the uterus firmly fixed. On September 17 an incision was made around the fistula, and on opening the abdomen, the intestines were
Will US Polio Immunization Rely on IPV or OPV?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A MAJOR CHANGE in pediatric immunization is imminent. Two groups that deal with vaccination policies have concluded that inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) should be recommended for primary childhood immunization. The object is to avoid the 10 or fewer cases a year of poliomyelitis that are caused by use of the live-virus vaccine. The schedule likely to be implemented will use the IPV for the first two or three doses, followed by one dose of live oral polio vaccine (OPV) at 18 months and another between 4 and 6 years of age. A recently developed IPV that has enhanced potency compared with the original Salk vaccine has been available in the United States since 1987. It is recommended for use in immunodeficient children and their families. However, use of this vaccine in the general population has not been a matter of public policy. But change is in the air. "The balance
Nitroglycerin Stimulates Synthesis of Prostacyclin by Cultured Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Richard I. Levin, Eric A. Jaffe, Babette B. Weksler, Karen Tack-Goldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Nitroglycerin (NTG), the agent most commonly used to treat acute angina pectoris, is a vasodilator whose mechanism of action remains unknown. We hypothesized that NTG might induce endothelial cells to synthesize prostacyclin (PGI2), a known vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Therefore, cultured human endothelial cells were incubated with NTG at various concentrations for 1-3 min. PGI2 biologic activity in the endothelial cell supernates was assayed by inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro. The concentration of 6-keto-PGF1α, the stable hydrolysis product of PGI2, was measured by specific radioimmunoassay.
Amino Acid Deficiency and the Skin Rash Associated with Glucagonoma
Authors: JEFFREY A. NORTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A 47-year-old white man had a malignant glucagonoma and severe necrolytic migratory erythema. His plasma glucagon levels were markedly elevated at 50 ng/mL and plasma amino acids diminished to 45% of normal. To test the hypothesis that the skin rash associated with a glucagonoma is secondary to an amino acid deficiency, we obtained 2 d of fasting baseline laboratory data from the patient while he consumed his usual diet. He was then given 3 L/d of supplemental intravenous amino acids for 3 d. His plasma amino acid levels increased slightly, and there was some improvement in his skin rash. Immediately thereafter, total parenteral nutrition was administered for 3 d without added zinc or fatty acids. During total parenteral nutrition, 14 of 17 plasma amino acids became normal, and the patient's skin rash rapidly disappeared. These findings suggest that the skin rash associated with a glucagonoma is most likely due to an amino acid deficiency and can be reversed by parenteral nutrition.
Neglected Ends: Clinical Ethics Consultation and the Prospects for Closure
Authors: Autumn Fiester
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Clinical ethics consultations (CECs) are sometimes deemed complete at the moment when the consultants make a recommendation. In CECs that involve actual ethical conflict, this view of a consult's endpoint runs the risk of overemphasizing the conflict's resolution at the expense of the consult's process, which can have deleterious effects on the various parties in the conflict. This overly narrow focus on reaching a decision or recommendation in consults that involve profound moral disagreement can result in two types of adverse, lingering sequelae: moral distress or negative moral emotions. The problem, succinctly named, is that such consults have insufficient "closure" for patients, families, and providers. To promote closure, and avoid the ills of moral distress and the moral emotions, I argue that CECs need to prioritize assisted conversation between the different stakeholders in these conflicts, what is often referred to as "bioethics mediation."
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome—Initial Manifestation of Systemic Disease
Authors: Laurence A. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Severe pain and paresthesias in the hands were the features common to the 3 cases here described. In the first patient, a woman aged 55, median neuropathy was the first indication of rheumatoid arthritis, and neurolysis at the right wrist gave immediate relief of pain. In the second, a man aged 51, the diagnosis proved to be gouty arthritis, and the decompression of the median nerve, which relieved the symptoms in the right hand, also revealed tophaceous deposits. In the third, a man aged 63, decompression of the median nerves at the wrists was followed by prompt, complete relief of pain in both hands; biopsy material confirmed the diagnosis of myeloma. Recognition of the carpal tunnel syndrome in each case helped to settle the diagnosis, and led to relief by surgery from severe, prolonged suffering.
Stylet Reinforcement Method for Replacement of Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tubes: A Useful Technique Using Endoscopic Biopsy Forceps
Authors: S. Kumar, J. Dreyer
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

First described in 1980, percutaneous gastrostomy is now established as a safe and useful means of providing enteral nutrition. The working lifespan of a gastrostomy varies from weeks to many months and a significant proportion of patients will require replacement of the tube at least once, and occasionally several times [1] [2].
Treg Depletion–enhanced IL-2 Treatment Facilitates Therapy of Established Tumors Using Systemically Delivered Oncolytic Virus
Authors: Timothy Kottke, Feorillo Galivo, Phonphimon Wongthida, Rosa Maria Diaz, Jill Thompson, Dragan Jevremovic, Glen N Barber, Geoff Hall, John Chester, Peter Selby, Kevin Harrington, Alan Melcher, Richard G Vile
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

There are several roadblocks that hinder systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses to the sites of metastatic disease. These include the tumor vasculature, which provides a physical barrier to tumor-specific virus extravasation. Although interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been used in antitumor therapy, it is associated with endothelial cell injury, leading to vascular leak syndrome (VLS). Here, we demonstrate that IL-2-mediated VLS, accentuated by depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg), facilitates localization of intravenously (IV) delivered oncolytic virus into established tumors in immune-competent mice. IL-2, in association with Treg depletion, generates "hyperactivated" natural killer (NK) cells, possessing antitumor activity and secreting factors that facilitate virus spread/replication throughout the tumor by disrupting the tumor architecture. As a result, the combination of Treg depletion/IL-2 and systemic oncolytic virotherapy was found to be significantly more therapeutic against established disease than either treatment alone. These data demonstrate that it is possible to combine biological therapy with oncolytic virotherapy to generate systemic therapy against established tumors. There are several roadblocks that hinder systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses to the sites of metastatic disease. These include the tumor vasculature, which provides a physical barrier to tumor-specific virus extravasation. Although interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been used in antitumor therapy, it is associated with endothelial cell injury, leading to vascular leak syndrome (VLS). Here, we demonstrate that IL-2-mediated VLS, accentuated by depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg), facilitates localization of intravenously (IV) delivered oncolytic virus into established tumors in immune-competent mice. IL-2, in association with Treg depletion, generates "hyperactivated" natural killer (NK) cells, possessing antitumor activity and secreting factors that facilitate virus spread/replication throughout the tumor by disrupting the tumor architecture. As a result, the combination of Treg depletion/IL-2 and systemic oncolytic virotherapy was found to be significantly more therapeutic against established disease than either treatment alone. These data demonstrate that it is possible to combine biological therapy with oncolytic virotherapy to generate systemic therapy against established tumors.
Genotoxic Stress Induces Coordinately Regulated Alternative Splicing of the p53 Modulators MDM2 and MDM4
Authors: Dawn S. Chandler, Ravi K. Singh, Lisa C. Caldwell, Jaquelyn L. Bitler, Guillermina Lozano
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor that induces G1 arrest of the cell cycle and/or apoptosis. The murine double-minute protein MDM2 and its homologue MDM4 (also known as MDMX) are critical regulators of p53. Altered transcripts of the human homologue of mdm2, MDM2, have been identified in human tumors, such as invasive carcinoma of the breast, lung carcinoma, and liposarcoma. MDM2 alternate forms act to negatively regulate the normal MDM2 gene product, thus activating p53. Although many reports have documented a plethora of tumor types characterized by MDM2 alternative transcripts, few have investigated the signals that might initiate alternative splicing. We have identified a novel role of these alternative MDM2 transcripts in the normal surveillance mechanism of the cell and in DNA damage response. We report that alternate forms of MDM2 are detected after UV irradiation. Furthermore, we show that mouse cells treated with UV are also characterized by alternative transcripts of mdm2, suggesting that this is an important and evolutionarily conserved mechanism for regulating the expression of MDM2/mdm2. An additional p53 regulator and mdm2 family member, MDM4, is likewise alternatively spliced following UV irradiation. By activating alternative splicing of both MDM2 and MDM4, yet another layer of p53 regulation is initiated by the cells in response to damage. A stepwise model for malignant conversion by which alternate forms of MDM2 and MDM4 place selective pressure on the cells to acquire additional alterations in the p53 pathway is herein proposed. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9502-8)
Human Embryonic Stem Cells: The Practical Handbook
Authors: Christopher M. Walsh
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A CASE OF OSTEOMALACIA TREATED BY OOPHORECTOMY
Authors: J. B. Hellier
Journal: BMJ (1920)

~22__Temperature reactions obtained on the, addition of 1 per cent.hypochlorite (bleaching powder) to yeast, white of egg, and urea.The mixture was in.each case made up to 300 c.cm. Experment.| A. B. C. D.
Is sentinel node biopsy in melanoma a test or a treatment?
Authors: A. J. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Ten years ago we hoped sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) “treatment” would prolong life for patients with melanoma. Then the first Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial (MSLT-1) failed to show a five year survival advantage.1 Now we talk of the SNB “test” offering some patients a more accurate survival prediction.

We advise …
Management of hypertension in general practice.
Authors: J R Coope
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Ideally general practitioners should have a recent record of the blood pressures all their patients four patients in every hundred may be deprived of life-saving treatment.In most practices that have not screened their patients only about half the medical records will include a satisfactory record of blood pressure.A systematic attempt to bridge this gap should be made.Methods of screening Records Patient >35 years No BP Unacceptable measurement BP measurement -[ <65 years 6 X B5 Yegr '>150/90 mmHg-; >180/100 mmHg, Screening clinic or case findingScreening the records-To define the problem the records need to be screened.This may be done by an instructed filing clerk or retired nurse.An age-sex register will cut down the work but is not absolutely necessary.The aim is to find records without acceptable levels of blood pressure recorded during the previous five years."Acceptable" means below 150/90 mm Hg (phase 5) below the age of 65 and below 180/100 mm Hg (phase 5) above this age.The record envelopes can be generally tidied up and pruned at the same time.Screening the patients-Several methods of measuring the blood pressure of those in need are available, including screening clinics and case finding.For screening clinics patients are sent cards to attend the medical centre at a particular time.This takes dedication but is rewarding and is popular with patients; about three-quarters turn up.The practice nurse can measure the blood pressure and also survey smoking habits, weigh the patient, and test the urine for glucose, thus picking up other coronary risk factors.
Is the NHS really safe from international trade agreements?
Authors: L. Reynolds, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) continues to be an important and disabling disease in many parts of Africa, although its prevalence has declined in some parts of the continent. Increased access to medical care in general and increased availability of echocardiography in some parts of the continent have led to recognition of the disease in areas in which the disease had not been previously reported, and this has given new insights into its natural history. However, the early manifestations of EMF continue to elude clinicians and researchers, and no progress has been made in defining its aetiology. Advances have, however, been made in establishing the epidemiology and improving clinical diagnosis and management, through modern medical therapy and improved surgical techniques. Research is still required to define clinical, biological and echocardiographic markers of early stages of EMF, so that advances in the knowledge of its pathogenesis and pathophysiology can be made. This will hopefully determine preventive measures and avoid the burden of this debilitating condition in this continent.