tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infection, Antibiotics, and Atherothrombosis — End of the Road or New Beginnings?
Authors: Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Two large, high-quality, and convincingly negative clinical trials for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease,1,2 published in this issue of the Journal, raise questions as to whether we are at the end of the road or should move on to new beginnings as we explore the hypothesis that infection plays a role in atherosclerosis. Evidence that vascular inflammation is an important mechanism involved in all stages of atherogenesis continues to accumulate. Such evidence has legitimately raised the question of whether infection is one of the inflammatory stimuli that operate in the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis, either locally, within vascular . . .
A Dwarf in the Cellar
Authors: FRANCES L. DREW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Ad Libitum1 August 1980A Dwarf in the CellarFRANCES L. DREW, M.D.FRANCES L. DREW, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-2-372_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe Gaspe is a lonely region, houses far apart, schools small and distant. Cold winds pound it, the farming is hard, and the families are large. Outmigration to more clement and exciting cities is a pattern for the young and so I came to employ a friendly, modestly intelligent, unsophisticated young woman as a housekeeper in Montreal. Babette spoke no English; the household ran in French.We had lived together for some time when she came to me one day to ask whether her brother Jacques could stay in the house in an unused room in the cellar while he... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTalk to the PatientRICHARD M. RATZAN, M.D. 1 August 1980Volume 93, Issue 2Page: 372-372 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
ELECTROTOME EXCISION OF PROSTATIC BAR
Authors: CLYDE W. COLLINGS
Journal: JAMA (1928)

During the past four years, I have relieved fibrous obstructions at the bladder neck by the cutting high frequency current in fifty-one patients. The high frequency apparatus that I employ, the so-called electrotome, is similar in principle to the old spark gap machine. The rate of high frequency oscillation is "stepped up" about fourteen times. As this current cuts instead of burning and so leaves only a thin slough, the immediate postoperative bleeding is unimportant, and there is no late secondary hemorrhage. Hence, the current is applied through the panendoscope without opening the bladder. The results in the first twenty-five patients of this group<sup>1</sup>were reported at the annual meeting of the American Urological Association in 1926.<sup>2</sup>In the present article I record my observations on the thirty patients operated on since then. I employ this operation on three types of bladder neck obstruction: (1) fibrous contracture and
Risk stratification could reduce costs in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: A. R. H. Dalton, R. J. Bull
Journal: BMJ (2011)

England is rolling out a major primary prevention programme for cardiovascular disease, the NHS Health Check.1 2 Only patients at high risk of diabetes need a blood glucose test, not all need serum creatinine tests, but all must have lipids assessed. We investigated, using data from 73 853 medical records in NHS Ealing,3 the need to measure lipids …
Genome-wide profiling of follicular lymphoma by array comparative genomic hybridization reveals prognostically significant DNA copy number imbalances
Authors: K.-John J. Cheung, Sohrab P. Shah, Christian Steidl, Nathalie Johnson, Thomas Relander, Adele Telenius, Betty Lai, Kevin P. Murphy, Wan Lam, Abdulwahab J. Al-Tourah, Joseph M. Connors, Raymond T. Ng, Randy D. Gascoyne, Douglas E. Horsman
Journal: Blood (2008)
Characterization of a variant prekallikrein, prekallikrein Long Beach, from a family with mixed cross-reacting material-positive and cross-reacting material-negative prekallikrein deficiency.
Authors: B N Bouma, D M Kerbiriou, J Baker, J H Griffin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Studies of plasma prekallikrein in a family with prekallikrein deficiency were made.Three Children had no clotting activity but -35% antigen levels, and the mother and five children had twice as much prekallikrein antigen as clotting activity, sug- gesting the presence of a dysfunctional molecule.A nonfunctional variant form of prekallikrein was purified that contained no prekallikrein clotting activity.The variant and normal molecules were both 80,000 mol wt, immunologically indistinguishable and complexed similarly with high molecular weight kininogen.Iso- electric focusing studies suggested a difference of one charged amino acid residue.The variant was cleaved by #-Factor XIIa 200 times slower than the normal molecule, and no amidolytic activity was detected for the cleaved variant.These data and other observations suggest that an amino acid was substituted in the variant near the NH2-terminal end of the kallikrein light chain resulting in slower cleavage by #-Factor XIIa and the ab- sence of enzymatic activity.
Computer-planned Menus for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: L Wheeler Madelyn, A Wheeler Lawrence
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

A computer program has been developed that has the capability to plan menus for diabetic patients. Program input includes the patient's diet prescription, usual daily meal pattern, and food preferences. The program uses a food selection algorithm that combines patient food preferences and randomization to produce menus that include foods the patient likes and that vary from day to day. The amount of each food item served at a meal is determined by an integer programming algorithm that satisfies the dietary prescription. Program output includes daily menus, weekly nutrient summaries, and a weekly shopping list. The menus includes for each food item: food name, amount in household units, numbers and types of exchanges, calories, and a space in which to write exchanges. The menu serves as a diet plan, exchange concept instructional model, and diabetic diary.
Gastrointestinal function in chronic radiation enteritis--effects of loperamide-N-oxide.
Authors: E K Yeoh, M Horowitz, A Russo, T Muecke, T Robb, B E Chatterton
Journal: Gut (1993)

The effects of loperamide-N-oxide, a new peripheral opiate agonist precursor, on gastrointestinal function were evaluated in 18 patients with diarrhoea caused by chronic radiation enteritis. Each patient was given, in double-blind randomised order, loperamide-N-oxide (3 mg orally twice daily) and placebo for 14 days, separated by a washout period of 14 days. Gastrointestinal symptoms; absorption of bile acid, vitamin B12, lactose, and fat; gastric emptying; small intestinal and whole gut transit; and intestinal permeability were measured during placebo and loperamide-N-oxide phases. Data were compared with those obtained in 18 normal subjects. In the patients, in addition to an increased frequency of bowel actions (p &lt; 0.001), there was reduced bile acid absorption, (p &lt; 0.001) a higher prevalence of lactose malabsorption (p &lt; 0.05) associated with a reduced dietary intake of dairy products (p &lt; 0.02), and faster small intestinal (p &lt; 0.001) and whole gut transit (p &lt; 0.05) when compared with the normal subjects. There was no significant difference in gastric emptying between the two groups. Treatment with loperamide-N-oxide was associated with a reduced frequency of bowel actions (p &lt; 0.001), slower small intestinal (p &lt; 0.001), and total gut transit (p &lt; 0.01), more rapid gastric emptying (p &lt; 0.01), improved absorption of bile acid (p &lt; 0.01), and increased permeability to 51Cr EDTA (p &lt; 0.01). These observations indicate that: (1) diarrhoea caused by chronic radiation enteritis is associated with more rapid intestinal transit and a high prevalence of bile acid and lactose malabsorption, and (2) loperamide-N-oxide slows small intestinal transit, increases bile acid absorption, and is effective in the treatment of diarrhoea associated with chronic radiation enteritis.
Outbreak of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in France, January to May 2013
Authors: J W Decousser, C Jansen, P Nordmann, A Emirian, R A Bonnin, L Anais, J C Merle, L Poirel
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

We report the first outbreak of carbapenem-resistant NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Europe, in a French intensive-care unit in January to May 2013. The index patient was transferred from Algeria and led to the infection/colonisation of five additional patients. Concurrently, another imported case from Algeria was identified. The seven isolates were genetically indistinguishable, belonging to ST85. The bla NDM-1 carbapenemase gene was part of the chromosomally located composite transposon Tn125. This report underscores the growing concern about the spread of NDM-1-producing A. baumannii in Europe.
Neurosurgery of Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Eben Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The preface of this new second edition sums up the rational, progressive, at times brilliant approach to pediatric neurosurgery begun by Franc Ingraham, a pupil of Cushing, and advanced by the worthy successor to these men, Donald Matson.  The innate intelligence, the surgical ability, the gift of speaking and writing endowed Donald Matson with the capacity to express himself factually and reasonably, never hyperbolically. Yet in writing of Donald Matson and of his last book, it is tempting to resort to hyperbole, of which he would have disapproved.  Of the 11 major sections one could select some as stronger than others. The book does not display any weaknesses. A section on neurosurgical anesthesia, written with the advice of Dr. Robert Smith, cannot be as complete as a book on the subject would be, but it covers the subject well and gives the inquisitive reader adequate reference to more elaborate material.
'The Shrinking Man'
Authors: Edward S. Lindsey
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  Horensten and his colleagues (1980;244:267) have recounted, in their report entitled The Shrinking Man: A Manifestation of Severe Renal Osteodystrophy, a dilemma that was altogether too common in the early experience with long-term hemodialysis. I would respectfully and sympathetically submit that a second exploration for recurrent hyperparathyroidism should never be undertaken without selective venous sampling for parathyroid hormone assays. Probably their patient's fifth (or even sixth) parathyroid is in his mediastinum.
Abstract 19770: Timely Modulation of Cardiac Output by a Pacemaker Can Stabilize Induced Periodic Breathing
Authors: Resham Baruah, Alberto Giannoni, Keith Willson, Charlotte H Manisty, Marianna Fontana, Yoseph Mebrate, Hemang Yadav, Beth Unsworth, Andreas Kyriacou, Sayen Sen, Richard Sutton, Prapa Kanagaratnam, Alun D Hughes, Jamil Mayet, Darrel P Francis
Journal: Circulation (2010)
URTICARIA FROM ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Authors: JAAKKO KARVONEN, MATTI HANNUKSELA
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Three cases of urticaria/angioneurotic oedema produced by alcoholic beverages are presented. In two of them, the causative agent was probably yeasts in wines. An intracutaneous test with Candida, a conjunctival provocation test with Candida, and peroral challenge tests with wines were positive in both cases. The symptoms disappeared when the patients went on a low-yeast diet. In the third case, ethanol itself and acetic acid apparently were the factors underlying urticaria. Peroral challenge tests with ethanol, brandy and acetic acid were positive, but those with acetaldehyde remained negative. The patient has been asymptomatic after giving up alcoholic drinks alone.
Endoscopic Sclerotherapy for Bleeding Esophageal Varices: Effects and Complications
Authors: STEVEN J. AYRES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Endoscopic esophageal vein sclerosis recently has been revived as a treatment for bleeding varices because long-term results with portacaval shunts have been poorer than suggested by initial short-term studies. Esophageal vein thrombosis secondary to endothelial damage has been considered the result of the activity of the sclerosing agents, but until 1981 there had been little pathologic documentation. Autopsy findings in ten patients who died after variceal sclerosis suggest that variceal obliteration is achieved by mural necrosis followed by fibrosis, and that thrombosis is only a transient phenomenon. Complications of sclerotherapy that were found included ulceration, hemorrhage, perforation, and stricture.
2-YEAR EFFICACY OF GENOUS BIO-ENGINEERED R STENT OVER SIROLIMUS-ELUTING AND BARE METAL STENT IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE OR UNSTABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Michael Zairis, Nikolaos Patsourakos, Anastassios Theodosis Georgilas, Evdokia Adamopoulou, Kostas Garefalakis, Antonis Benopoulos, Kostas Kontos, Nikolaos Tsekes, Markos Kouris, Kosmas Christodoulopoulos, Constantine Fakiolas, Stefanos Foussas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Targeting of sodium–glucose cotransporters with phlorizin inhibits polycystic kidney disease progression in Han:SPRD rats
Authors: Xueqi Wang, Suhua Zhang, Yang Liu, Daniela Spichtig, Sarika Kapoor, Hermann Koepsell, Nilufar Mohebbi, Stephan Segerer, Andreas L. Serra, Daniel Rodriguez, Olivier Devuyst, Changlin Mei, Rudolf P. Wüthrich
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
George Morgan Pringle
Authors: B. Hanstead
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Upminster, Essex (b Aughnacloy, Co Tyrone, Ireland, 1918; q Queen's University, Belfast, 1941), died after a short illness on 24 October 2001.

After working as a house surgeon in the Belfast City Hospital, he joined the Royal Air Force in 1942 as a medical officer and served in Malta. After the war George took over his father's practice in Aughnacloy, later moving, in 1954, to Upminster where he practised as a GP until his retirement. He had a wonderful bedside manner, always taking great interest in patients' personal problems. George Pringle was a keen and knowledgeable birdwatcher. He leaves a wife, Bertha; three daughters; and three grandchildren.
Lymphoid malignancies following kawasaki disease
Authors: Jeffrey C. Murray, Lisa R. Bomgaars, Benjamin Carcamo, Donald H. Mahoney
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract Kawasaki disease is a childhood multisystem vasculitic syndrome of unknown etiology. Associated immunological dysregulation is consistently observed and may be pathogenic in the known cardiac and noncardiac complications of the disease. Despite the wellknown association between acquired immunodeficiency states and neoplasia, there are no reports of cancer accompanying or following the onset of this disease. We report here two children who were diagnosed with lymphoid malignancies shortly following the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, suggesting an association between the two entities.
A Trial of Intrapleural Adenoviral-mediated Interferon-α2b Gene Transfer for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Daniel H. Sterman, Andrew Haas, Edmund Moon, Adriana Recio, Daniel Schwed, Anil Vachani, Sharyn I. Katz, Colin T. Gillespie, Guanjun Cheng, Jing Sun, Emmanouil Papasavvas, Luis J. Montaner, Daniel F. Heitjan, Leslie Litzky, Joseph Friedberg, Melissa Culligan, Carl H. June, Richard G. Carroll, Steven M. Albelda
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

New therapeutic strategies are needed for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). We conducted a single-center, open-label, nonrandomized, pilot and feasibility trial using two intrapleural doses of an adenoviral vector encoding human IFN-α (Ad.IFN-α2b). Nine subjects were enrolled at two dose levels. The first three subjects had very high pleural and systemic IFN-α concentrations resulting in severe "flu-like" symptoms necessitating dose de-escalation. The next six patients had reduced (but still significant) pleural and serum IFN-α levels, but with tolerable symptoms. Repeated vector administration appeared to prolong IFN-α expression levels. Anti-tumor humoral immune responses against mesothelioma cell lines were seen in seven of the eight subjects evaluated. No clinical responses were seen in the four subjects with advanced disease. However, evidence of disease stability or tumor regression was seen in the remaining five patients, including one dramatic example of partial tumor regression at sites not in contiguity with vector infusion. These data show that Ad.IFN-α2b has potential therapeutic benefit in MPM and that it generates anti-tumor immune responses that may induce anatomic and/or metabolic reductions in distant tumor. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01212367).
Use of strong opioids in Canada rose sharply between 2005 and 2010
Authors: A. Silversides
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Pharmacy dispensing in Canada of strong opioids, such as oxycodone and hydromorphone, increased by 42% between 2005 and 2010, a study has found. 

The increase was calculated by converting pharmacy prescription data into defined daily doses (DDDs), showing an increase from 7.6 to 10.8 DDD per 1000 population/day. The study, published online in the journal Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety (2011, doi:10.1002/pds.2190), showed that consumption of weak opioids (codeine) decreased by more than 4% (from 12.7 to 12.2 DDD per 1000 population/day) over the same period with substantial variations in dispensing levels between provinces.

Benedikt Fischer, lead author of the study, said that Canada’s federal government has been “absolutely quiet” about the major public health challenge resulting from the escalating opioid related harms associated with increasing use.

The National Anti-Drug Strategy does not have “even a single word” about prescription drugs, said Professor Fischer, a professor at the Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health …
Is chronic rhinosinusitis related to allergic rhinitis in adults and children? Applying epidemiological guidelines for causation
Authors: C. Georgalas, I. Vlastos, V. Picavet, C. van Drunen, G. Garas, E. Prokopakis
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract The relationship between allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis has been assessed in a number of observational and experimental studies. In this review, we attempt their synthesis and evaluation using the modified B radford H ill guidelines for causation. Although there is no proof of causation, especially in the pediatric literature, an evaluation of underlying allergies is recommended at least as an initial measure of symptoms relief.
Jaundice in babies: implications for community screening for biliary atresia
Authors: D A Kelly, A Stanton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

This study examined the putative herpetic aetiology of oral ulcers indirectly by recording the possible preventive effect of the antiherpetic drug acyclovir * Oral ulcers were found in more than half of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia during remission induction therapy * The incidence of herpes labialis, intraoral ulcers outside the soft palate, and acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis was greatly reduced by prophylaxis with oral acyclovir (800 mg by mouth daily) during remission induction therapy * Intraoral ulcers on the soft palate were not associated with herpes virus infection proportion of these ulcers in herpes simplex virus seropositive patients have a herpetic aetiology.Acyclovir prophylaxis must therefore be considered for all herpes simplex virus seropositive patients with acute myeloid leukaemia during remission induction therapy.A possible role of primary herpetic oral infections in the aetiology of oral ulcers in these patients could not be evaluated in this study because herpes simplex virus seropositivity was among the inclusion criteria.Further studies are needed to investigate whether the reduction in the rate of intraoral ulcers also results in lower rates of fever and systemic infection in these patients and to evaluate whether the use of saliva substitutes might decrease the occurrence ofulcers on the soft palate.This study was supported in part by Wellcome Denmark, who also provided the tablets of acyclovir and placebo.
CLINICAL MUTATIONS IN LYMPHOBLASTOMAS
Authors: UDO J. WILE
Journal: JAMA (1935)

For years a group of diseases, now generally classed as lymphoblastomas, have been studied and interpreted as separate and distinct entities. This group comprises chiefly mycosis fungoides, Hodgkin's disease, lymphatic leukemia, lymphosarcoma and the subvarieties of these. Not only were these conditions considered quite separate one from another but there existed a wide difference of opinion regarding the interpretation of the clinical and pathologic changes in any one particular member of this group. To complicate an already chaotic state of affairs, cases appeared from time to time that possessed features of two or more of these diseases. Adding to this the widely varied and multiform lesions presented by any one condition made the confusion complete.  In recent years a semblance of order has emerged from the chaos with the growth of the view that these conditions are all genetically related neoplasms involving the lymphoid tissues. One of us 1 has
Skull radiology in patients with psychiatric illness.
Authors: S C Rastogi, B M Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (1983)

patients had a personal and four a family history of atopy.Four were smokers; except in these four tobacco smoke was the commonest physical agent provoking rhinorrhoea.Nineteen patients had previously received treatment with oral antihistamines, 18 with topical steroids, and nine with disodium cromoglycate, with no relief of symptoms.Seven patients gave one or more positive results on skin prick testing.Placebo and active drug were delivered by indistinguishable coded pressurised aerosols fitted with nasal adaptors.The dosage of ipratropium was 40 slg to each side of the nose four times a day.All other medication was of the superior vermis."
Relapses of Breast Cancer-Reply
Authors: Leonard R. Prosnitz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In Reply.—  Dr Feiner and Dr Mahmood's point about the frequency of relapse being related to the vigor with which one searches for it is well taken. The patients reported had periodic chest and bone x-rays but not bone scans, as this series was from 1961 through 1970. The minimum follow-up, however, was five years, and it is probable that asymptomatic metastases detected by bone scan would have appeared by that time. Furthermore, our data were compared with those of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project, whose cases were followed in approximately the same way since this was generally the era before bone scans became popular.
Suspended consultant is reinstated
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A consultant gynaecologist whose in vitro fertilisation unit was closed and who was suspended from her job after an embryo mix-up is to go back to work next week.

Geeta Nargund said she was “absolutely delighted to be back in the NHS.” She has been reinstated as a consultant in reproductive medicine at St George's Healthcare NHS Trust in south London and will carry on her work in assisted conception at King's College Hospital NHS Trust.

Mrs Nargund was medical director of the Diana Princess of Wales Centre for Reproductive Medicine at St George's until October 2002, when she was …