tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commitment Devices to Improve Unhealthy Behaviors
Authors: Katherine Blondon
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ozone, but not nitrogen dioxide, fragments elastin and increases its susceptibility to proteolysis.
Authors: R S Winters, B A Burnette-Vick, D A Johnson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The effects of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the solubility and proteolytic susceptibility of elastin were examined to better understand how these oxidant air pollutants might damage the lung. In vitro O3 exposures at pH 7.4 resulted in the complete solubilization of elastin, but NO2 had no effect on solubility. The initial solubilization rate was 65 micrograms/mumol of O3, which increased to 150 micrograms/mumol in the midregion of a sigmoidal solubilization curve. Peptide fragments of the O3-solubilized elastin ranged in size from 5 to 20 kD. The conversion of insoluble elastin into soluble fragments by O3 was not due to the destruction of desmosine crosslinks. The effect of O3 on the proteolytic susceptibility of elastin was measured using insoluble elastin recovered from exposures that resulted in 5.3%, 12.8%, and 26.3% solubilization. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) digested the remaining insoluble elastin samples 4.3, 6.0, and 9.8 times faster than unexposed elastin. In contrast, NO2-exposed elastin was no more susceptible to digestion by HNE. Ascorbate, EDTA, and uric acid reduced the proteolytic susceptibility of O3-exposed elastin, but mannitol afforded no protection. These findings indicate that the inhalation of O3 may contribute to lung disease by directly damaging elastin and by increasing its susceptibility to proteolysis, whereas NO2 probably damages lungs via alternative mechanisms.
Intravenous Albumin for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Nathan M. Bass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Patients with cirrhosis and ascites are often on the brink of renal failure. Their renal function is vulnerable because of the poorly understood, complex hemodynamic abnormalities that occur in advanced cirrhosis. These abnormalities include an increase in circulating vasodilators, increased cardiac output, low peripheral vascular resistance, and compensatory activation of vasoconstrictor mechanisms.1 The net result of these changes is central hypovolemia, with a consequent progressive reduction in renal perfusion and function. This ultimately leads to the development of the hepatorenal syndrome, which is a severe impairment of renal function in the absence of any identifiable renal structural abnormality.2 The hepatorenal . . .
Abstract 3230: Genome-wide localization of anti-cancer drugs
Authors: Lars Anders, Matthew G. Guenther, Jun Qi, Zi Peng Fan, Jason J. Marineau, Peter B. Rahl, Jakob Lovén, Alla A. Sigova, William B. Smith, Tong Ihn Lee, James E. Bradner, Richard A. Young
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract A vast number of small-molecule ligands, including therapeutic drugs under development and in clinical use, elicit their effects by binding specific proteins associated with the genome. An ability to map the direct interactions of a chemical entity with chromatin genome-wide could provide new and important insights into the mechanisms by which such small molecules interfere with tumor cell functions. We have developed a method that couples affinity capture of chemical entities and massively parallel DNA sequencing (Chem-seq) to identify the sites bound by small molecules throughout the human genome. Using Chem-seq, we have uncovered the full repertoire of the genomic sites bound by a BET bromodomain inhibitor, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor and a DNA intercalating drug. Moreover, by combining Chem-seq with ChIP-seq, we have characterized the interactions of drugs with their targets throughout the genome of tumor cells. These methods provide a powerful approach to enhance understanding of therapeutic action and characterize the specificity of drugs that interact with DNA or genome-associated proteins. Citation Format: Lars Anders, Matthew G. Guenther, Jun Qi, Zi Peng Fan, Jason J. Marineau, Peter B. Rahl, Jakob Lovén, Alla A. Sigova, William B. Smith, Tong Ihn Lee, James E. Bradner, Richard A. Young. Genome-wide localization of anti-cancer drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3230. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3230
Relation between birth weight and blood pressure is independent of maternal blood pressure
Authors: S. J C Taylor, K. Hird, P. Whincup, D. Cook
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Walker et al conclude that the now well established inverse association between birth weight and blood pressure may in part be explained by hereditary factors.1 They suggest that low birth weight is a feature of an inherited predisposition to hypertension, perhaps because it is associated with higher maternal blood pressure during pregnancy.

We have examined the influence of maternal blood pressure during pregnancy on the association between birth …
Selective C1q deficiency in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: T. ORIHARA, K. TSUCHIYA, S. YAMASAKI, T. FURUYA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Selective C1q deficiency in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus Get access T. ORIHARA, T. ORIHARA Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan Toshio Orihara, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321‐02, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. TSUCHIYA, K. TSUCHIYA Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. YAMASAKI, S. YAMASAKI Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. FURUYA T. FURUYA Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 2, 1 August 1987, Pages 247–254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04124.x Published: 01 August 1987
Breastfeeding tackles both obesity and climate change
Authors: Rachel Myr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

By enabling more women than currently do so to exclusively breast feed their children for the first six months of life, we could reduce the number of children requiring attention for overweight.1 There would be less need for the diversion of foodstuffs through dairy animals to produce breastmilk replacements, and less need for the use of materials and energy …
Prevention of type 1 diabetes by gene therapy
Authors: Chaorui Tian, Jessamyn Bagley, Nathalie Cretin, Nilufer Seth, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, John Iacomini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes in humans and NOD mice is determined by multiple genetic factors, among the strongest of which is the inheritance of diabetes-permissive MHC class II alleles associated with susceptibility to disease. Here we examined whether expression of MHC class II alleles associated with resistance to disease could be used to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. Expression of diabetes-resistant MHC class II I-Aβ chain molecules in NOD mice following retroviral transduction of autologous bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells prevented the development of autoreactive T cells by intrathymic deletion and protected the mice from the development of insulitis and diabetes. These data suggest that type 1 diabetes could be prevented in individuals expressing MHC alleles associated with susceptibility to disease by restoration of protective MHC class II expression through genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells.
Reuse (neural, bodily, and environmental) as a fundamental organizational principle of human cognition
Authors: Lucia Foglia, Rick Grush
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract We taxonomize the varieties of representational reuse and point out that all the sorts of reuse that the brain engages in (1) involve something like a model (or schema or simulator), and (2) are effected in bodily and external media, as well as neural media. This suggests that the real fundamental organizational principle is not neural reuse, but model reuse.
Beta-blockers and depression. Evidence against an association
Authors: R. A. Bright
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To evaluate the relationship between beta-blockers and depression.Case-control study.New Jersey Medicaid recipients during July 1980 to December 1983.New depression case patients (N = 4302) were identified from Medicaid claims for depression markers (antidepressant drugs, in-hospital depression diagnosis, or electroconvulsive therapy). Control patients were randomly selected and matched on the basis of Medicaid enrollment on the case patients' date for first depression marker (index date), birth year, sex, race, and nursing home residency status.beta-Blocker use as evidenced by prescription claims in the year before the index date.Case patients overall were more likely to have taken beta-blockers (simple, matched odds ratio [OR] of 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 1.62). Controlling for confounders (benzodiazepine use, frequent outpatient visits, and frequent use of medications other than beta-blockers) resulted in a null effect (OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.12). The ORs were consistently lower for case patients with a depression diagnosis or electroconvulsive therapy than for cases with only antidepressant use as a marker. These results did not vary by age, sex, race, nursing home status, or use of other selected specific medications.Ongoing beta-blocker use was not causally related to markers of depression. The difference between this study and those it contradicts is that this one identified certain confounding variables that accounted for the apparent relationship.
A CASE OF ALEUKAEMIC LYMPHATIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: J. H. G. White, J. B. Davey
Journal: BMJ (1929)

This patient, aged 14 years and 2 months, was admitted to the Royal Samaritan Hospital for Women on February 17th, 1929, under the care of Dr. John Gardner.History.-Seven days before admission she complained of a low backache, which she ascribed to sitting on a hiigh stool at piano practice.This continued slightly and initermittenitly until the evening, before admission.She retired to bed at the usual hour, hlit was awakened at 2 a,m.with severe colicky pa'in in the lower abdomen.This continued almost continually throllhout the night, but there was no siclkness or vomiting.About 7 a.m.she complained of a strong desire to urinate, but passed only a small quantity of urine (amount unspecified).From that hiour iintil admission to hospital at 6 p.m. on thie same day there was marked vesical tenesmus and conmplete inability to micturate.On examination the patient was found to be well niourished.Shie was obviously in great discomfort and the lower abdomen was markedly distended, the percussion note being dull to within an inch of the umbilicus.Twenty ounces of uirine were withdrawni by catheter, and the patient immediately and spontaneously declared her great relief and conmfort.There was nio albumin or any abnormality in the urine.The temperature was 97.60 F. and the pulse rate 92.The ostium vaginae was occluded by a reddislh bulging membranie, which slhowed a marked inmpulse on coughinig.Rectal examination revealed a fairly firmn mass, palpable tlhrough the anterior rectal wall.No tuimouir could be felt through the anterior abdominal wall, aned there was only slight suprapubic tenderness.The case was diagniosed as simple liaematocolpos.T rcatenciit.-Thehymen was incised vertically, and each edge sultured to the adjacent skin.About five ouinces of tlhick menslirial fluid escaped.No dotching was employed, but daily, swabbing of the vulva with mild antiseptics, anld recovery was uneventful. Commtnent.The features of special interest in Case i are: (1) the unusually early age of the patient to hav-e lhaematocolpos and haematometra-13 years 8&X months; (2) the pre- donlinanit symnptom that caused the.girl to be senlt to hospital-severe abdominal pain, piobably cauise(d by splas- moodic contractions of the uiter-us; (3) miiarked epistaxis on the day before the onset of l)aill.Thlo feature of note in Case ii is un1douLbtedly the verv acute r etention of urine; and, of course, the absence of any previous monthly distur-bance or premoniitory svmii- ptom, except the slight backache of one w-eek's du,irationz.I am much indebted to Mr.
Book: Where Women Have No Doctor: A Health Guide for Women
Authors: H P S Sachdev
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A August Burns, Ronnie Lovich, Jane Maxwell, Katharine Shapiro Macmillan Education (for the Hesperian Foundation), £7.25, pp 583 ISBN 0333649338 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> In the industrialised nations, simplified texts have long been used to educate the public about important medical conditions. Similar reasonably priced publications are now increasingly in demand in developing countries. Of the many subjects pregnancy, birth, and infant care are evergreen favourites. Concerned about the welfare of millions of women subsisting in areas "where there is no doctor or where health … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
In Insurance We Trust —?
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

For a number of years, I had disability insurance that included a $20-a-day item to help defray hospitalization costs. The insurance, originally sponsored by the Massachusetts Medical Society, was underwritten by Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Insurance Company and managed by C.O. Finley Company. Then, one fine day in 1969, a brief letter arrived from Lumbermans stating that the master policy was being canceled. Tough luck, customer. Soon thereafter, there arrived a letter over C.O. Finley's signature bearing messages of reassurance and good will:No, I have not deserted my insureds and friends!For your protection, we have transferred your insurance into . . .
Hypervolemic Hemodilution in Acute Stroke
Authors: John M. Hallenbeck
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The article by Wood and Fleischer (p 2999) reports an excellent therapeutic response to hypervolemic hemodilution in nine consecutive unselected patients with acute stroke, the third leading cause of death in the United States. Eight of nine patients showed objective improvement of their acute neurological deficits, and one patient with a depressed level of consciousness, a grave prognosticator,<sup>1</sup>died. Published accounts of the natural history of acute hemispheric cerebral ischemia<sup>2</sup>would lead to the expectation that of nine consecutive patients, three or four would improve, three to five would remain unchanged or deteriorate, and one to three would die. The observed results of Wood and Fleischer contrast favorably with these expectations and suggest a potential therapeutic value for hypervolemic hemodilution in acute stroke. The results also provide an encouraging follow-up to experimental work in animals done by one of the authors. This prospective evaluation, however, is not a
Human eosinophils have prolonged survival, enhanced functional properties, and become hypodense when exposed to human interleukin 3.
Authors: M E Rothenberg, W F Owen, D S Silberstein, J Woods, R J Soberman, K F Austen, R L Stevens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Human eosinophils were cultured in the presence of recombinant human IL-3 for up to 14 d and their biochemical, functional, and density properties were assessed. After 3 d of culture in 10 pM IL-3, eosinophils had a viability of 70% compared with only 10% in enriched medium alone. Neither IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, nor platelet-derived growth factor maintained eosinophil viability. The 7- and 14-d survival of the cultured eosinophils was 55 and 53%, respectively. No other cell type, including neutrophils, was present after culture. After 7 d of culture, the normodense eosinophils were converted to hypodense cells as assessed by density centrifugation. Eosinophils exposed to 1,000 pM IL-3 for 30 min or cultured in 10 pM IL-3 for 7 d generated approximately threefold more leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in response to calcium ionophore than freshly isolated cells. Furthermore, whereas freshly isolated eosinophils killed only 14% of the antibody-coated Schistosoma mansoni larvae, these eosinophils killed 54% of the larvae when exposed to 100 pM IL-3. The enhanced helminth cytotoxicity was maintained for 7 d when eosinophils were cultured in the presence of both 10 pM IL-3 and 3T3 fibroblasts, but not when eosinophils were cultured in the presence of IL-3 alone. IL-3 thus maintains the viability of eosinophils in vitro, augments the calcium ionophore-induced generation of LTC4, enhances cytotoxicity against antibody-sensitized helminths, and induces the eosinophils to become hypodense cells. These phenotypic changes in the eosinophil may be advantageous to host defense against helminthic infections but may be disadvantageous in conditions such as allergic disease.
Pregnant Thoughts about Metabolic Control and Diabetes
Authors: Norbert Freinkel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Questions about the relation between metabolic control and the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus have filled many pages with controversy. Until very recently, definitive answers were not possible because complete and sustained metabolic normalization could not be achieved with conventional forms of therapy, because estimates of control based on sporadic measurements of sugar in blood or urine did not provide the requisite precision, and because the disputed anatomic lesions appeared to evolve very slowly. However, the application of new approaches to all these questions is beginning to foster a consensus that the lesions of diabetes may be consequent to the . . .
Clinical impact of blood storage lesions
Authors: Abba C. Zubair
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Recent reports suggest that transfusion of old red blood cell (RBC) units (>2 weeks) was associated with increased risks of postoperative complications and higher mortality rate caught public attention (Yap et al., Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86:554-559 and Koch et al., 2008; 358:1229-1239). This rekindled the decades old discussion regarding the impact of RBC aging and storage lesions in patient care. The objectives of this review are to provide readers with an overview of the process of banking RBC that may have an impact on its quality, the reported clinical impact of storage lesions, the consequences of transfusing new RBC units only to the nation's blood supply and potential solutions that may improve the feasibility of blood banks to issue new blood units only.
643 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA ON NON-FIBROTIC LIVER (F0/F1): EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES PROGNOSIS. STUDY OF 141 CASES. COMPARISON TO HCC ON FIBROTIC (F2–F3) OR CIRRHOTIC LIVER
Authors: C. Gauthier, C. Blanc-Bisson, L. Possenti, C. Castain, C. Laurent, C. Balabaud, P. Bioulac-Sage, J.-F. Blanc
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Review of Yechiel Michael Barilan,<i>Human Dignity, Human Rights, and Responsibility: The New Language of Global Bioethics and Biolaw</i>
Authors: Maya Sabatello
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

In a world where dignity is a buzz word and “rights talk” is increasingly viewed as a global language, Barilan's Human Dignity, Human Rights, and Responsibility: The New Language of Global Bioethic...
Reflex hypotension due regional activation of left ventricular mechanoreceptors to explain the hypotension noted in clinical myocardial ischaemia or reperfusion
Authors: R. W EMERY, J. A ESTRIN, G. M WAHLER, A. M BOOTH, C. R SWAYZE, I. J FOX
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

To determine if regional increases in myocardial contractility, as may occur clinically in angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or coronary thrombolysis, can initiate the reflex hypotension that sometimes accompanies these conditions, regional injections of positive inotropic agents were made into 32(3)% of the left ventricular myocardium in seven pneumonectomised dogs on total cardiac bypass. The coronary and systemic circulations were isolated and perfused separately. The systemic circulation was perfused at a constant rate so that changes in systemic pressure reflected changes in resistance. Regional injections of doses from 0.0001 to 1.0 μg noradrenaline in a 0.1 ml volume appreciably increased regional contractility, detected visually and by strain gauge arches, whereas global contractility (left ventricular peak dP/dt) was increased much less. This caused a fall in the systemic pressure (resistance) of 14(2)% below the control value of 78(5)mm Hg, at the largest dose. The decreases in resistance were abolished by bilateral vagotomy, proving their reflex nature. The smaller (0.0001–0.01 μg) doses of noradrenaline and the smallest (0.25 μg) dose of veratridine increased regional contractility almost without increasing global contractility, indicating that the increase in regional contractility was the major cause of the reflex decrease in systemic resistance. In one animal a decrease in contractility in a control myocardial region occurred simultaneously with the experimentally produced increase in regional left ventricular contractility. This decrease may be analogous to the increase in contractility in the non-ischaemic left ventricular myocardium that occurs simultaneously with the decrease in contractility in the ischaemic region in clinical or experimental myocardial infarction. Left ventricular mechanoreceptors in the region with increased contractility probably initiate the reflex hypotension that sometimes occurs in both circumstances. Thus in angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction the reflex hypotension probably originates in the hyperactive non-ischaemic myocardial region, whereas in coronary arterial thrombolysis it probably originates in the newly reperfused, formerly ischaemic, region.