tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adequacy of Well-Child Care and Immunization-Reply
Authors: Henry Mustin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The concerns expressed by Drs Marcuse, Davis, and Rodewald regarding measuring well-child care visits reflect the limitations of the data source we used. In the survey, the information about well-child care visits that was specifically asked about concerned the first 6 months of life only. Nevertheless, we considered a third set of immunizations given in the seventh month of life as complying with the recommended schedule; indeed, 744 infants (8.4% of the sample) received their third immunization at this age. Since the questionnaire structure did not ask about well-child visits at this age, these encounters with a health care worker were not counted in our analysis of well-child visits. We would like to point out that the median and mean number of well-child visits during the first 6 months of life were 3 and 3.4 for black infants and 3 and 3.75 for white infants, excluding these vaccine
Discoid lupus erythematosus in the Nigerians
Authors: W.K. JACYK, M. DAMISAH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Results of a detailed clinical and laboratory study of 37 Nigerian patients with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus are presented. Patients with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus constituted 0.46% of all out-patients seen in the skin clinic between May 1974 and December 1977. A preponderance of females was noticed (female/male ratio of 5:1), while the age distribution of African patients corresponded to values characteristic for the condition seen in other geographical regions. Several morphological types of the condition have been seen. The vitiligoid variant of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus seems to be common in West Africans. Sixteen out of 37 patients presented laboratory abnormalities considered as markers of the association between chronic and systemic lupus erythematosus. Their significance, however is, uncertain as it has been demonstrated on several occasions that in a tropical milieu heavy parasitic infections produce marked immunological disturbances. The problem of the relationship between chronic and systemic lupus erythematosus is discussed and the literature on the incidence of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus in various African countries is reviewed.
Avoiding a stab in the dark
Authors: Binu V John
Journal: BMJ (2004)

He rushed in at 3 am. I could hear his distressed voice from my duty doctor's room adjoining the casualty department. I should have known that he would come that night. There had been no electricity since 10 pm, and the hospital generator could be heard humming in the background. He was in his mid-70s and, with longstanding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, was a regular patient in our 70 bed hospital (where I was doing my first job as a junior doctor). After he had got himself a nebuliser, his emergency visits were much less frequent and were generally restricted to times like this, when the lack of electricity meant that his home nebuliser wouldn't work.

As he was wheeled …
Natural History of Cardiac Arrhythmias and their Prevention with Quinidine in Patients with Acute Coronary Insufficiency
Authors: SAUL S. BLOOMFIELD, DONALD W. ROMHILT, TE-CHUAN CHOU, NOBLE O. FOWLER
Journal: Circulation (1973)

In a prospective controlled clinical trial the natural history of cardiac arrhythmias and their prevention with prophylactic quinidine therapy were studied in 23 patients with acute coronary insufficiency without myocardial infarction. After a loading procedure, 300 mg of quinidine sulfate or placebo was administered orally every 6 hours for up to 5 days under balanced, random, double-blind conditions. An automated arrhythmia detection system was used to quantify arrhythmias from stored continuous electrocardiographic tape recordings. The frequency of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias tended to increase progressively on each successive day of study in placebo-treated patients. By contrast, in quinidine-treated patients all arrhythmias were quantitatively lower on each day of therapy and did not show a tendency toward progressive daily increases. In the placebo group there was an average of 140 premature ventricular contractions (PVC's) per day on the first day which increased to 600 PVC's per day by the fifth day, whereas with quinidine there was an average of 40 PVC's per day or less throughout the 5 days of study ( P &lt; 0.01). The daily increase in ventricular arrhythmias in placebo-treated patients with acute coronary insufficiency during the 5 days is in contrast to the natural history of patients with documented myocardial infarction who have a marked daily decrease in the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias during the first 5 days. Significant arrhythmia suppression with quinidine was present when mean blood quinidine concentration reached a steady state above 4 mg/liter at the end of the first day of therapy. Adverse reactions to quinidine were not observed. On the basis of these data, quinidine sulfate given prophylactically at a dosage producing modest blood concentrations appeared to be both effective and safe for the prevention of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias that occurred during the first 5 days after an episode of acute coronary insufficiency without infarction.
Vitiligo and Multiple Glandular Insufficiencies
Authors: Byron C. McGregor
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Seven patients had vitiligo associated with pluriglandular insufficiency. There may be a common autoimmune pathogenesis. Vitiligo may be a readily identifiable and early external manifestation, pointing to a possible multiple glandular insufficiency syndrome. Because of the serious nature of the associated glandular deficiencies, and since they appear sequentially, yearly examinations for the associated conditions are probably indicated in the propositus and on blood relatives.
Disease Due to Echo Virus Type 9 in Massachusetts, 1958
Authors: Sidney Kibrick, John F. Enders
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IN January, 1958, 2 siblings from Jamaica Plain and A their cousin from Roxbury, both in the Boston area, were admitted to the Children's Medical Center, Boston, with a tentative diagnosis of meningococcus meningitis. All 3 children had, in addition to a pleocytosis, a petechial or a discrete maculopapular rash with petechial elements on the face and neck or chest. The etiologic agent in each case was identified by Dr. Thomas E. Frothingham of this laboratory as ECHO virus Type 9. A report of these cases appears elsewhere in this issue of the Journal. The presence of this agent in . . .
Cardiogenic Shock due to Antihistamine Overdose
Authors: Robin S. Freedberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

MANY H<sub>1</sub>histaminergic blocking agents have central and peripheral anticholinergic activity that, in sufficient dose, may produce syndromes that mimic atropine toxicity.<sup>1</sup>Most frequently the cardiological manifestations of antihistamine toxicity derive from their quinidinelike effect on the conduction system. This property, shared by anticholinergic agents, may induce a toxic reaction of the heart in the form of conduction disturbance or dysrhythmia<sup>2</sup>but rarely produces clinically significant myocardial pump failure. In the case of a patient with severe myocardial depression secondary to antihistamine overdose, cardiogenic shock was refractory to vasopressor support, and attempted extracorporeal maintenance of the circulation with "partial cardiopulmonary bypass" proved inadequate to sustain life.<sup>3</sup>Herein we report the case of a patient whose antihistamine overdose resulted in cardiogenic shock refractory to pharmacologic intervention but in whom intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation allowed stabilization of her tenuous hemodynamic status. The patient received mechanical support with an intra-aortic balloon
DNA Damage Response and Growth Factor Signaling Pathways in Gliomagenesis and Therapeutic Resistance
Authors: Massimo Squatrito, Eric C. Holland
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The dismal prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is mainly due to the poor response of GBM patients to any therapeutic modalities, which include ionizing radiation and DNA-alkylating agents. In the last few years, the important role of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in tumor formation and modulation of therapeutic response has been appreciated. Interestingly, several of the genetic alterations commonly found in GBMs (such as epidermal growth factor receptor amplification and PTEN inactivation) have also recently been shown to regulate the activity of the DNA repair machinery and, consequently, the response to DNA-damaging agents used routinely in the clinic. In this review, we focus on some of these findings that suggest that at least some of the pathways driving GBM formation could be directly responsible for the therapy resistance of this tumor type. Possible therapeutic approaches exist that may either overcome or take advantage of these GBM genetic alterations to improve the response of these tumors to DNA-damaging therapy. Cancer Res; 71(18); 5945–9. ©2011 AACR.
A Study of Ethnic Differences in TGFβ1 Gene Polymorphisms and Effects on the Risk of Radiation Pneumonitis in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Xiaomin Niu, Hongxuan Li, Zhiwei Chen, Yun Liu, Mengyuan Kan, Daizhan Zhou, Ziming Li, Xiangyun Ye, Shengping Shen, Changxing Lv, Shun Lu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Influence of Interindividual Variability of Aldose Reductase Protein Content on Polyol-Pathway Metabolites and Redox State in Erythrocytes in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Yoji Hamada, Chihiro Nishimura, Naoki Koh, Fumihiko Sakakibara, Jiro Nakamura, Tsuyoshi Tanimoto, Nigishi Hotta
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To clarify the influence of interindividual difference in the level of aldose reductase on the polyol pathway-related metabolism in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The enzyme protein content was determined by a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to recombinant human aldose reductase in erythrocytes from 35 diabetic patients and 11 healthy volunteers. Patients were stratified into two groups by the median of aldose reductase content, and the erythrocyte sorbitol level, the fructose level, and the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio were compared between the two groups. We also examined the correlation of the enzyme content with these metabolic parameters. RESULTS The group of patients whose enzyme content was above the median showed a significant increase in the levels of sorbitol (34.7 ± 4.9 vs. 20.4 ± 2.0 nmol/g Hb, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and fructose (99.8 ± 17.2 vs. 45.9 ± 4.6 nmol/g Hb, P &amp;lt; 0.05), along with an elevated lactate-to-pyruvate ratio (28.6 ± 6.1 vs. 11.7 ± 1.2, P &amp;lt; 0.05), compared with patients with low enzyme levels. The aldose reductase content in erythrocytes was well correlated with its activity, and there was a significant correlation between the enzyme content and the erythrocyte sorbitol (r = 0.58, P &amp;lt; 0.001) or fructose (r = 0.57, P &amp;lt; 0.001) levels as well as between the enzyme level and the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio (r = 0.38, P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the interindividual variability of aldose reductase content may contribute tangibly to the polyol-pathway flux and cytoplasmic redox alteration in diabetic patients.
From the authors
Authors: P. Bradding, G. Cruse
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

human lung mast cells, requires demonstration that there were no IgE aggregates in the IgE preparations.The authors proposed that centrifugation at 14,0006g for 20 min would remove any aggregated IgE, but it is unlikely that this was effective.We have examined the effect of centrifugation on binding of IgG-containing immune complexes to the lowaffinity IgG receptor FccRIIA on apoptotic neutrophils.Fluorescent immune complexes were generated by combining monoclonal mouse IgG1 anti-fetuin with fluoresceinconjugated fetuin in conditions of antigen excess, and then subjected to centrifugation at 14,0006g or 300,0006g for 20 or 60 min, respectively.Binding of immune complexes in the post-centrifugation supernatants to apoptotic human neutrophils was measured by flow cytometry as previously described [4].The results are presented in table 1.These results demonstrate that centrifugation at 14,0006g for 20 min does not effectively deplete immune complexes.Centrifugation at 300,0006g for 60 min removes the majority of immune complex binding, but this would be inadequate for studies of cellular activation in which even immunoglobulin dimers may induce functional responses [5].In contrast to centrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography would be a reliable method for purifiying monomeric immunoglobulin E for use in mast cell activation studies.
Ultrasound-Enhanced Systemic Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Andrei V. Alexandrov, Carlos A. Molina, James C. Grotta, Zsolt Garami, Shiela R. Ford, Jose Alvarez-Sabin, Joan Montaner, Maher Saqqur, Andrew M. Demchuk, Lemuel A. Moyé, Michael D. Hill, Anne W. Wojner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography that is aimed at residual obstructive intracranial blood flow may help expose thrombi to tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Our objective was to determine whether ultrasonography can safely enhance the thrombolytic activity of t-PA.
Treatment of Polycythaemia Vera
Authors: T. F. Sandeman
Journal: BMJ (1967)

In our work at the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit we actually used Indian ink instead of glycerol-water, as this gives a per- manent deposit on which differential counts can be made.In practice these turned out to be uninformative as the maximum drop- let size dominated the result, and it is a rather messy technique.In our studies we found an enormous range of performance, some nebulizers marketed by reputable firms having virtually no delivery and others producing dense clouds of droplets 20-30 microns in diameter.Inquiry among commercial firms produced no better account of test procedure than that given to Bruce by British Drug Houses.-Iam, etc.,
Abstract 5578: IGF-1R nuclear staining in tumor cells identifies sarcoma patients with a prolonged progression free survival after IGF-1R monoclonal antibody therapy
Authors: Irene Asmane, Emmanuel Watkin, Perrine Marec-Berard, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Laurent Alberti, Philippe Cassier, Anne-Valerie Decouvelaere, Dominique Ranchere, Jean-Emmanuel Kurtz, Jean-Pierre Bergerat, Jean-Yves Blay
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Rationale A small proportion of patients with sarcoma achieves prolonged progression free survival (PFS) with insulin growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) monoclonal antibody (Ab). A biomarker identifying in routine those patients beforehand would be useful to select patients. The aim of this study is to identify predictive factors for PFS in soft tissue sarcomas (STS), Ewing sarcoma (ES) and osteosarcoma patients receiving IGF-1R Ab. Methods The series of patients with unresecable or metastatic STS, ES, or osteosarcomas treated with IGF-1R Ab (R1507, IMC-A12, SCH 717454 and CP-751.871) in the Centre Leon Berard was studied. Tumor samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of IGF-1R, IGFBP-3, Ki-67, HER1 and HER2. Results All tumor samples had a positive IGF-1R immunostaining on 60% to 100% of cells. IGFBP-3 immunostaining was observed in 12 (75%) samples with 5% to 100% of positive cells. IGF-1R immunostaining was nuclear (n=9, 56%), cytoplasmic (n=3, 19%), or nuclear + cytoplasmic (n=4, 25%). Neither IGFBP-3 expression, nor Ki67 was correlated to PFS or overall survival (OS). HER2 and HER1 stainings were positive in 0 and 2 samples respectively (both primary resistant to IGF-1R Ab therapy). Exclusive intra-nuclear immunostaining for IGF-1R was significantly associated with an increased PFS (p=0.009) and OS (p=0.04). Conclusion Exclusive nuclear localization of IGF-1R in sarcomas using routine immunohistochemistry was correlated to PFS and OS after IGF1R Ab treatment in this single center series. This observation is consistent with recent data reporting that nuclear localization of IGF-1R in tumor cells is a hallmark of pathway activation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5578. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5578
Abstract LB-223: A specific Isoform of Gli1 binds the promoter region of c-fos in A2780-CP70 human ovarian cancer cells.
Authors: Lauren Amable, Kenji Kudo, Elaine Gavin, Jason Fain, Eddie Reed
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The transcription factor Activator Protein 1 (AP1), is an important regulator in cisplatin resistance. AP1 is comprised of the two proteins, c-jun and c-fos. The transcription factor Gli1, a member of the hedgehog signaling pathway, is also an important factor in cisplatin resistance and transcriptionally regulated c-jun. The c-jun interface with Gli1 is mediated by a 130 kDa isoform of Gli1. We have investigated whether Gli1 may regulate c-fos by selectively knocking down Gli1 expression using anti-Gli1 shRNA or by treating cells with a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine. A2780-CP70 cells were treated with an IC50 dose of anti-Gli1 shRNA and the changes in RNA and protein levels were analyzed over a 72 hour time course. No changes in the expression of c-jun or c-fos RNA transcripts were observed versus control. Western blot analyses showed Gli1 protein expression was reduced at 24 hours and undetectable at 48 and 72 hours. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein levels were dramatically reduced by 24 hours, low but measureable at 48 hours, and undetectable at 72 hours. Indian hedgehog (Ihh) expression increased at 24 hours and remained stable for the remainder of the 72 hour time course. Treatment of A2780-CP70 cells with an IC50 dose of cyclopamine resulted in a different intracellular response than treatment with Gli1 shRNA. Cyclopamine specifically targets the cell membrane receptor Smoothened. Experiments were performed analyzing RNA and protein expression over a 72 hour time period after treatment with cyclopamine. C-jun and c-fos RNA transcript levels were higher than control 6 hours after treatment and remained high for the duration of the 72 hour experiment. Western blot analyses after cyclopamine treatment showed Gli1 protein expression gradually decreasing during the 72 hours, but were never fully depleted. Expression of Shh increased over 72 hours, while Ihh levels remained stable. The identical Gli-Binding-Site (GBS) in the c-jun promoter was found in the promoter of c-fos. We investigated whether the Gli1 isoform that binds c-jun, also binds c-fos. Simultaneous Western and Southwestern blots show only one of the known Gli1 isoform binds the promoter of c-fos. Further studies with Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed the 130 kDa isoform of Gli1 binds the GBS of the c-fos promoter. We conclude that the 130 kDa Gli1 isoform binds both components of AP1, c-jun and c-fos, and modulates the cellular resistance to cisplatin. Citation Format: Lauren Amable, Kenji Kudo, Elaine Gavin, Jason Fain, Eddie Reed. A specific Isoform of Gli1 binds the promoter region of c-fos in A2780-CP70 human ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-223. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-223
Hypercholesterolemia Impairs a Detoxification Mechanism Against Peroxynitrite and Renders the Vascular Tissue More Susceptible to Oxidative Injury
Authors: Xin L. Ma, Bernard L. Lopez, Gao-Lin Liu, Theodore A. Christopher, Feng Gao, Yaping Guo, Giora Z. Feuerstein, Robert R. Ruffolo, Frank C. Barone, Tian-Li Yue
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Previous studies have shown that glutathione (GSH) plays a central role in the protection against peroxynitrite (ONOO-) toxicity. The present study evaluated the changes of the GSH cytoprotective system against ONOO- in hypercholesterolemia and determined the effects of carvedilol, a beta-blocker with free radical-scavenging activity, on these hypercholesterol-induced changes. New Zealand White rabbits were fed either a normal diet, a high-cholesterol diet, or a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with either carvedilol or propranolol. Eight weeks later, the rabbits were killed, and the thoracic aortas were isolated. Total GSH content of aortic tissue, vasorelaxation response of aortic rings to exogenous ONOO-, No regeneration from ONOO- by aortic homogenate, and ONOO(-)-induced aortic tissue injury were examined. Hypercholesterolemia decreased tissue GSH content (0.52 +/- 0.08 versus 0.86 +/- 0.04 mumol/g in control, P < .01), attenuated the vasorelaxation response to ONOO- (40 +/- 4.1% versus 76 +/- 3.2%, P < .01), reduced NO regeneration from ONOO- (387 +/- 40 versus 662 +/- 51 pmol, P < .01), and potentiated ONOO(-)-induced vascular tissue injury (37 +/- 4.4% versus 14 +/- 2.6% of increase in lactate dehydrogenase release after 3-morpholinosydnonimine exposure, P < .01). Treatment of the hypercholesterolemic rabbits with carvedilol, but not propranolol, significantly preserved tissue GSH content (0.79 +/- 0.05 mumol/g, P < .01 versus nontreated hypercholesterolemic rabbits), restored the vasorelaxation to ONOO- (61 +/- 2%, P < .01), increased NO regeneration from ONOO- (583 +/- 39 pmol, P < .01), and attenuated ONOO(-)-induced tissue injury (19 +/- 1.8%, P < .01). These results suggest that hypercholesterolemia impairs the GSH-mediated detoxification mechanism against ONOO- and renders the vascular tissue more susceptible to oxidative injury. Carvedilol, a novel vasodilating beta-blocker with antioxidant activity, significantly preserved this self-defense system and protected tissue from oxidant injury.
Varicella Vaccine and Shingles—Reply
Authors: Jane F. Seward
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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