tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Fasting Plasma Glucose Values and Other Variables to 2-h Postload Plasma Glucose in Japanese Subjects
Authors: Yukihiro Bando, Yasuyuki Ushiogi, Kazuhiro Okafuji, Daisyu Toya, Nobuyoshi Tanaka, Masakiyo Fujisawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

To investigate the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values and other variables (e.g., age, sex, and BMI) to 2-h post-75-g oral glucose load glycemia (PG) in Japanese subjects.Subjects included 13,694 Japanese subjects between 20 and 83 years of age (10,677 men and 3,017 women) who were undergoing a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during a health screening performed at our hospital. The influences of age for 2-h PG at a fixed fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 126 mg/dl were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using a model in which the dependent variable was 2-h PG using the following explanatory variables: FPG, age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels.The 2-h PG at a fixed FPG of 126 mg/dl increased by 0.94 mg/dl per year in patients aged between 30 and 78 years (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001). In multiple regression, five explanatory variables (FPG, age, BMI, plasma TG levels, and systolic blood pressure levels) were all positively associated with 2-h PG. The percentages of patients with 2-h diabetes (isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia [IPH]) versus fasting plus 2-h diabetes by the World Health Organization criteria significantly (P = 0.005) increased as the patients' decades increased, whereas the impact of BMI on the percentages was significant only in young patients (P = 0.001).Aging was found to be the second best predictor of 2-h PG on multiple regression. Therefore, OGTT should be performed especially in elderly patients because they show IPH more frequently.
UVA-1 cold light treatment of SLE: a double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial
Authors: M C A Polderman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> Treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often implies strong drugs with possibly serious side effects. Thus there is a need for new immunosuppressive treatments. Long wave ultraviolet A (UVA-1) cold light therapy is an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory treatment with a possible systemic effect and few side effects. In the current study low dose UVA-1 cold light treatment was tested to determine whether it reduces disease activity in SLE. <h3>METHODS</h3> Eleven patients with SLE were treated with UVA-1 cold light treatment and a placebo light treatment in a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. In two consecutive 12 week periods the patients were treated in the first three weeks with UVA-1 and placebo treatment or vice versa. The primary variables were the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and SLE Activity Measure (SLAM). <h3>RESULTS</h3> The mean SLAM and SLEDAI showed a significant decrease of 30.4% (p=0.0005) and 37.9% (p=0.016) respectively after three weeks of UVA-1 and a non-significant decline of 9.3% (p=0.43) and 12.2% (p=0.54) respectively after three weeks of placebo treatment. In this small trial the difference in reduction of the disease activity indices during UVA-1 compared with during placebo treatment failed to reach the conventional border of significance (p=0.07). The total score of quality of life measure RAND-36 did not improve significantly, but the subscore for vitality did improve. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Low dose UVA-1 cold light treatment was strongly suggestive of lowering disease activity in this double blind placebo controlled study, and no side effects occurred.
Structural and immunological characterization of a Pen a 1 mutant, carrying amino acid substitutions in all major IgE-binding sites
Authors: G. Reese, J. Viebranz, S. Randow, M. San-Miguel, I. Lauer, S.B. Lehrer, S. Vieths
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

RATIONALE: Since Pen a 1 (tropomyosin), the only major allergen of the brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus, is responsible for the majority of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to shrimp, a mutated mPen a 1 was produced as a vaccine candidate for shrimp-specific immunotherapy (SIT). METHODS: mPen a 1 was generated by site-directed mutagenesis introducing homologous amino acids from nonallergenic tropomyosins into amino acid positions that had been previously identified as critical for IgE antibody binding. The structural properties of mPen a 1, recombinant (rPen a 1), and natural (nPen a 1) shrimp tropomyosin were analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and their immunological activities were compared by immunoblotting, and mediator release from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells. Furthermore, mediator release assays were performed using humanized RBL cells carrying the alpha-chain of the human high affinity receptor for IgE antibodies. RESULTS: mPen a 1, carrying twelve amino acid substitutions in the eight major IgE binding regions and/or epitopes, showed the characteristic alpha-helical structure of tropomyosins. The mediator release experiments demonstrated a significant reduction the allergenic potency of mPen a 1. This reduction was more pronounced in the murine model than in the humanized RBL cell system. CONCLUSIONS: The amino acid substitutions at the critical positions reduced the allergenic potency of the entire Pen a 1 molecule. Furthermore, the epitopes that are relevant for human IgE antibody binding are also major binding sites for murine IgE. The results of this study indicate that the murine model may be used to optimize the Pen a 1 mutant for therapeutic use.
Reassessment of Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Terrence M. Shaneyfelt, Robert M. Centor
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing for Office Patients
Authors: D. Gordon Johnston
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A simple, inexpensive disk technique for testing bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics, was devised and evaluated to determine the value of such a test for an office practice. One hundred and nine patients were studied. Each patient was selected because of the clinical impression of an acute bacterial infection. Every patient had, singly or in combination, acute rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, and bronchitis. Forty-two also had acute otitis media, and four had pneumonia. Twenty-seven patients were infected by bacteria resistant to the drug prescribed empirically but responded to a drug indicated as effective by the test. An error of 25% in empiric selection of an effective antibiotic was present. Application of this test will shorten the course of disease and reduce drug expenses for at least 25% of such patients.
Attempting to Ensure Physician Competence
Authors: David A. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Ensuring the competence of the 17 000 practicing physicians in the Canadian province of Ontario has occupied more than a decade of activity on the part of the provincial licensing authority, the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO).<sup>1</sup>While still in a developmental stage, the provincial peer review system places importance on (and thus provides an opportunity to test models of) physician assessment, learning, and change. The peer review system was initially developed in the mid1970s. At that time, peer review policymakers viewed continuing medical education (CME) activities in a narrow, but appropriately critical, light and rejected compliance with mandatory CME requirements as a measurement of physician competence. This action reflected the belief that most CME programs failed to change physician performance. Studies conducted since that time concluded that formal CME courses do produce knowledge transfer<sup>2-6</sup>; but without reinforcement, feedback, or other behavior modification techniques, CME
Medical Ethics and Discipline
Authors: Robert C. Derbyshire
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The hospitals, organized medicine, and the state licensing boards are the main agencies responsible for enforcement of discipline in the medical profession, thus guarding the public against unethical and incompetent physicians. These agencies have been critically examined in an effort to determine whether or not they are properly performing their functions. Serious deficiencies have been found in all, and the reasons for them analyzed. Suggestions are made for improving the all important self-policing procedures of the medical profession. (<i>JAMA</i>228:59-62, 1974)
Reversible changes of the muscle cell in experimental phosphorus deficiency.
Authors: T J Fuller, N W Carter, C Barcenas, J P Knochel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Both animal and human studies suggest that either phosphorus depletion or hypophosphatemia might have an adverse effect on muscle function and composition. Recently a possible deleterious effect was noted in patients with chronic alcoholism. In this unexplained disease, a variety of toxic and nutritional disturbances could affect the muscle cell, thus obscuring the precise role of phosphorus. Accordingly, we examined eight conditioned dogs for the possibility that phosphorus deficiency per se might induce an abnormally low resting transmembrane electrical potential difference (Em) and alter the composition of the muscle cell. Eight conditioned dogs were fed a synthetic phosphorus-deficient but otherwise nutritionally adequate diet plus aluminum carbonate gel for a 28-day period followed by the same diet with phosphorus supplementation for an additional 28 days. Sequential measurements of Em and muscle composition were made at 0 and 28 days during depletion and again after phosphorus repletion. Serum inorganic phosphorus concentration (mg/100 ml) fell from 4.2 +/- 0.6 on day 0 t0 1.7 +/- 0.1 on day 28. Total muscle phosphorus content (mmol/100 g fat-free dry wt [FFDW]) fell from 28.5 +/- 1.8 on day 0 to 22.4 +/- 2.1 on day 28. During phosphorus depletion, average Em (-mV) fell from 92.6 +/- 4.2 to 77.9 +/- 4.1 mV (P less than 0.001). Muscle Na+ and Cl- content (meq/100 g FFDW) rose respectively from 11.8 +/- 3.2 to 17.2 +/- 2.8 (P less than 0.01) and from 8.4 +/- 1.4 to 12.7 +/- 2.0 (P less than 0.001). Total muscle water content rose from 331 +/- 12 to 353 +/- 20 g/100 FFDW (P less than 0.05). A slight, but nevertheless, significant drop in muscle potassium content, 43.7 +/- 2.0-39.7 +/- 2.2 meq/100 g FFDW (P less than 0.05) was also noted. After 4 wk of phosphorus repletion, all of these measurements returned toward control values. We conclude that moderate phosphorus depletion can induce reversible changes in skeletal muscle composition and transmembrane potential in the dog, and it apparently occurs independently of profound hypophosphatemia.
Tumor-homing glycol chitosan/polyethylenimine nanoparticles for the systemic delivery of siRNA in tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Myung Sook Huh, Seung-Young Lee, Sangjin Park, Seulki Lee, Hyunjin Chung, Sojin Lee, Yongseok Choi, Yu-Kyoung Oh, Jae Hyung Park, Seo Young Jeong, Kuiwon Choi, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Targeted Repression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7, a Novel Target of the p53 Family, Triggers Proliferative Defect in p53-Deficient Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Wensheng Yan, Xinbin Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract p53 tumor suppressor and its family members, p63 and p73, are known to play a role in the survival of cells exposed to stress signals. As a transcription factor, the p53 family proteins induce a plethora of target genes that mediate their functions in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and other biological activities. However, the mechanism by which the p53 family proteins regulate their cell survival functions is still not clear. Here, we showed that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) is a novel target gene regulated by the p53 family and mediates the cell survival function of the basal physiologically relevant level of p53. Specifically, we found that knockdown of BMP7 markedly inhibits the proliferation of p53-deficient, but not p21-knockdown, breast cancer cells compared with the ones with wild-type p53. In addition, we found that inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding 2 (Id2), a transcription factor implicated for cell survival, is regulated by the BMP7 and p53 pathways. Interestingly, whereas a functional BMP7 or p53 pathway is sufficient to maintain the basal level of Id2 expression, loss of both pathways abrogates Id2 expression. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of Id2 can restore p53-deficient cells to survive in the absence of BMP7. As a result, we identified a previously unrecognized role for BMP7 in the maintenance of cell survival for p53-deficient cells, at least in part, through Id2. Together, we hypothesize that breast cancer patients with mutant p53 might benefit from targeted repression of BMP7 expression and/or targeted inhibition of the BMP7 pathway. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9117–24]
Determining the approximate area of a burn: an inconsistency investigated and re-evaluated
Authors: R J Perry, C A Moore, B D G Morgan, D L Plummer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

For assessing the area of small or irregular burns a projection of the patient's whole hand is used as an approximation to 1% of the total body surface area.1 In the advanced trauma life support course manual,2 however, the palm (not including the fingers) has been quoted as representing 1%. This study was undertaken to determine which method is the better approximation.

Twenty adults from the medical school and 10 children from the hospital took part in this project. Their heights (cm) and weights (kg) were recorded on calibrated equipment and their total body surface area was calculated by the method of Gehan and George.3 The projections of each subject's palm and whole hand were delineated using their non-dominant hand. The area of …
Mimotopes of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 conjugated to albumin inhibit antibody binding to the natural antigen
Authors: Angelika Riemer, Isabella Schoell, Farideh Nasseri-Kia, Claudia Gusenbauer, Margarete Focke, George Boltz-Nitulescu, Otto Scheiner, Franz Gabor, Erika Jensen-Jarolim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Inadequate GP facilities are hampering patient care, BMA survey finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Many general practice buildings in England and Scotland are so cramped and inadequate that GPs cannot deliver effective care or provide enough patient appointments, surveys by the BMA have found.1

The chairman of the BMA’s GP committee, Chaand Nagpaul, warned that without investment in GP premises the government’s plan to shift care from hospitals into the community would not succeed because “many GP facilities will not be able to sustain this extra workload.”

Around half (3958) of the practices in England and a similar proportion (441) in Scotland responded to the BMA survey and drew similar findings. Four in 10 GP practices were found to be unable to deliver adequate services to patients, while …
Sporadic acute hepatitis E in the United Kingdom: an underdiagnosed phenomenon?
Authors: R McCrudden
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Hepatitis E (HEV) is the primary cause of enterically transmitted non-A non-B hepatitis worldwide. Case reports of HEV in individuals in the United Kingdom relate to travel to endemic areas or contact with individuals who have visited these areas. <h3>CASE REPORTS</h3> Four individuals presented with acute hepatitis to a hepatology clinic in a teaching hospital. Serology confirmed acute hepatitis E in all four. Investigation by the Communicable Disease Control Department established no links between the cases, no travel to an endemic area, and no contacts. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Contrary to current belief, community acquired hepatitis E virus infection occurs sporadically in the United Kingdom and should be considered as a cause of seronegative hepatitis.
The Patient's Blood is the Safest Blood
Authors: Douglas MacN. Surgenor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Transfusion medicine has entered a new phase marked by renewed consideration of the risks of disease transmitted by transfusion. Public concern about the safety of transfusion was aroused by the discovery that the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be transmitted by blood transfusion.1 The focus of early AIDS-control measures on making the national blood resource safer heightened public fears about transfusion-transmitted AIDS.2 Periodic reminders, such as the current "look back" for patients who received transfusions of blood later suspected to have been contaminated by the AIDS virus, have sustained those fears.3 Patients who require transfusion are now apprehensive to the . . .
Abstract A16: Induction of activating transcription factor 3 is associated with cisplatin responsiveness in NSCLC: A potential predictive biomarker of response.
Authors: Jair Bar, David Stewart, Goss D. Glenwood, Patrick J. Villeneuve, Jim Dimitroulakos
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The goal of this study was to identify treatment induced biomarkers of platin activity that may predict response to this important class of chemotherapeutic agents. We employed RNAseq transcriptome analysis comparing two parental NSCLC cell lines Calu6 and H23 to their resistant sub-lines, Calu6cisR1 and H23cisR1, derived following exposure to high dose cisplatin. To this end, we identified a stress pathway consisting of GADD45α, ATF3 and DDIT3/CHOP that was induced specifically in cisplatin treated parental but not their resistant sub-lines. Furthermore, ATF3 in particular was not expressed in untreated parental or resistant clones but was robustly induced only in the parental sensitive cell lines following cisplatin treatment. Cisplatin-induced MAPKinase activation, particularly the JNK pathway was abrogated in Calu6cisR1 cells that regulates ATF3 induction in Calu6 cells. In ex-vivo NSCLC tumors, ATF3 was induced in 2/4 tumors evaluated but not in their corresponding normal adjacent lung tissue (0/4) following cisplatin treatment. Thus, the lack of significant expression in untreated NSCLC cells and normal lung tissue but a robust induction following cisplatin treatment in sensitive parental NSCLC cell lines and a cohort of ex-vivo tumor samples suggest potential utility as a predictive biomarker of platin response that requires further study. Citation Format: Jair Bar, David Stewart, Goss D. Glenwood, Patrick J. Villeneuve, Jim Dimitroulakos. Induction of activating transcription factor 3 is associated with cisplatin responsiveness in NSCLC: A potential predictive biomarker of response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr A16.
Parameters of Good Control in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: T S Danowski, P Ohlsen, E R Fisher, J H Sunder
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Optimal control of diabetes should achieve not only euglycemia and normal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin but also absence of the reversible concomitants of diabetes such as red cell rigidity, hyperlipidemia, increased capillary permeability, enlargement of the kidneys, proteinuria, etc. Unfortunately, in most patients consistent euglycemia cannot be assured even with two daily injections of insulin. However, self-measurement of blood glucose as a guide to insulin taken before each meal and at bedtime can, in selected patients, increase the frequency of normal glucose levels without undue hypoglycemia.
Effect of early nutrition on the development of rat epididymal fat pads: cellularity and metabolism
Authors: Jerome L. Knittle, Jules Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The effect of infantile nutritional levels on adipose tissue cellularity and metabolism was studied in two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats. Caloric intake was varied during the suckling period by manipulating litter size immediately after birth; however, all animals had free access to food after weaning. The epididymal fat pads of animals raised in small litters were heavier than those of their paired siblings raised in large litters. Initially, the differences in pad weight were accounted for primarily by differences in total cell number; however, at 20 wk both cell number and cell size contributed equally. The rate of glucose incorporation into CO(2) and triglyceride during in vitro incubations was the same for both groups if expressed on a per cell basis; therefore total tissue incorporation was greater in animals with more cells. The results support the hypothesis that early nutritional experiences can effect permanent changes in the cell number and size of the epididymal fat depot and that total cell number is important in the total metabolism of this organ. These findings and the fact that extreme human obesity is accompanied by similar alterations in cellularity and metabolism indicate that early nutritional experiences should be studied further as a guide to the etiology of obesity in man.