tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sir Christopher Wren: Compleat Philosopher
Authors: Frank B. Berry
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Doctor (Sir) Christopher Wren, was one of the most extraordinary characters ever known, possessing the extreme¬ ly rare qualification of uniting both theory and practice in a very eminent degree, being highly accomplished in the mathematical and philosophical sciences, as well as in the theory and practice of architecture.He was born in 1632, and made great advances in mathematics at 16 years of age.Being an Oxford scholar, he was one of those learned men who first associated together there for their mutual im¬ provement in natural and experimental philosophy, and which at length produced the Royal Society, of which he was an original, and all his life, one of the most distin¬ guished members. . . .
MATERIAL FROM LYMPH NODES
Authors: Claude E. Forkner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. Lymph nodes from all parts of the body have been studied in a series of 58 rabbits. All of these studies have been on normal animals or on animals in which there were no specific pathologic lesions of the lymph nodes. 2. The supravital method of studying living cells has been employed together with the method of fixed sections. A correlation of the findings with these two methods is made. 3. Lymph nodes from different parts of the body possess marked differences in their cytology. 4. Developing monocytes have been found as normal constituents of all the lymph nodes of the rabbit except the mesenteric mass lying in the mesentery at the lower border of the stomach. When present the monocytes occur in varying numbers being most abundant in the more superficial nodes, particularly in the popliteal group, where they may constitute one-third to one-half of the total cells present. 5. The position of the developing monocytes in the lymph node is believed to be chiefly in the perifollicular area without definite relationship to the lymph sinuses. In some instances they are also found in the follicle itself or scattered in the medullary area. More accurate knowledge on this point must await further study. 6. During the first hours of life the monocytes are present in the lymph nodes in the same relationship as in the adult animal. 7. The monocytes are not normally present in the efferent lymphatics draining the popliteal nodes and are not normally present in the thoracic duct. It is suggested that the monocytes being extravascular in origin, enter the blood stream by means of their own motility in much the same manner as the granular leucocytes gain admission to the circulating blood. Unequivocal proof of this point can be obtained only by further investigation. 8. Many of the lymphoid cells of the lymph nodes have shown a definite division of cytoplasm into ectoplasm and endoplasm. The mitochondria and neutral red bodies are sharply limited to the less basophilic endoplasm. 9. Eosinophils are found in great numbers in the mediastinal lymph nodes and are less numerous in the mesenteric and superficial nodes. 10. Clasmatocytes are found in great numbers in the mesenteric lymph nodes where they are concentrated particularly in the medullary areas. They are also present in the spleen. They are much less numerous in other lymphoid tissue. 11. Several cell types not previously described are found to be normal constituents of a large percentage of normal rabbit lymph nodes. 12. Primitive cells are found throughout the lymphoid tissue, but are in greater numbers in the area of the germ center of the follicle. 13. No evidence of erythropoiesis could be found in normal lymph nodes. 14. The spleen and bone marrow in this series of animals have not been normally concerned to any significant degree in the formation and development of monocytes. 15. Further experiments are necessary to demonstrate conclusively whether or not the lymph nodes, other than the mesenteric group, are normally the exclusive source of the monocytes of blood.
Strokes in African-Americans.
Authors: L R Caplan
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke, especially in African-Americans. Improved control of high blood pressure nationwide is a key factor in the recent dramatic decline in stroke frequency, most notably in African-American women. Hypertension control programs must be adequately funded and expanded. African-Americans have a disproportionately high incidence of risk factors for stroke, including hypertension. There is evidence that the cerebral vessels involved in ischemic stroke in African-Americans may differ from those of Caucasians. There is an urgent need for more research on stroke in general, risk factor relations in particular, and mechanisms in the pathogenesis of stroke in African-Americans.
Exercise Asthma and Disodium Cromoglycate
Authors: H. Poppius, A. Muittari, K.-E. Kreus, O. Korhonen, A. Viljanen
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Exercise-induced asthma (defined as a fall in PEF of at least 25% of the pre-exercise value) was studied in adult patients with uncomplicated asthma. This was found to occur in 22 out of 52 patients. Pre-exercise inhalation of disodium cromoglycate reduced the mean fall in PEF after maximal exercise from 50% of the pre-exercise value to 23% (open assessment in 11 cases). After submaximal exercise for eight minutes the reduction was from 18% to 10% (double-blind crossover study in 28 cases). It is concluded that disodium cromoglycate partly inhibits the increase of airways resistance after exercise in asthmatic patients.
Colorectal Cancer in Women After Stopping Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy—Reply
Authors: Rowan T. Chlebowski
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of the Antiestrogen Tamoxifen and the Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole on Serum Hormones and Bone Characteristics in a Preclinical Tumor Model for Breast Cancer
Authors: Nomelí P. Núñez, Danijela Jelovac, Luciana Macedo, David Berrigan, Susan N. Perkins, Stephen D. Hursting, J. Carl Barrett, Angela Brodie
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of the antiestrogen tamoxifen and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on tumor growth, serum hormones, uterine weight, body composition, and bone characteristics in mice. Experimental Design: Human estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells stably transfected with the aromatase gene (MCF-7CA cells) were inoculated in Matrigel subcutaneously into ovariectomized nude mice. This model represents postmenopausal breast cancer in many respects, including the fact that estrogen is no longer produced by the ovaries and is not under feedback regulation by gonadotropins. Mice that received subcutaneously implanted MCF-7CA cancer cells were then treated with tamoxifen or letrozole for 7 weeks. Results: As reported previously, tumor growth was markedly inhibited by both tamoxifen (100 μg/day) and letrozole (10 μg/day). Tamoxifen treatment led to increased bone mineral density (BMD) and hyperplastic uteri. Mice treated with letrozole had significantly smaller uteri than the controls and tamoxifen-treated mice. Letrozole did not affect BMD. There was no significant difference in systemic leptin and insulin-like growth factor I levels as a result of tamoxifen or letrozole treatment. Conclusions: Tamoxifen treatment inhibited breast cancer cell growth and increased BMD but caused uterine hypertrophy in this preclinical model of postmenopausal breast cancer. Letrozole inhibited tumor growth without inducing uterine hypertrophy. In addition, letrozole had no effect on BMD. These findings provide experimental evidence that letrozole is an effective and safe (in terms of risk of endometrial cancer risk and osteoporosis) alternative or complement to tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer.
Cutaneous Herpesvirus Hominis (Type 2) Infection After Renal Transplantation
Authors: Krishan K. Arora
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In an unusual case of disseminated herpesvirus hominis type 2 infection after renal transplantation, survival of the patient and maintenance of graft function were accomplished while immunosuppressive therapy was reduced to allow healing of the cutaneous lesions. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1174-1175, 1974)
Points from letters: Malaria in Britain
Authors: N. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1975)

October, p 25) is not alone.At the inception of the NHS in 1948 I was an assistant in general practice and lived above the surgery in a traffic-congested area.At that time I managed my rounds quite easily on a bicycle.Unfortunately both your clientele and your colleagues come to regard you as an outsider, which adds to your emotional burden.The car becomes your
Influenza Vaccination-Reply
Authors: Albert Z. Kapikian
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Several studies have reported that the antibody response following the intradermal injection of one-tenth the routine subcutaneous dose of influenza vaccine was comparable to the antibody response induced by the administration of the routine full dosage of vaccine subcutaneously. However, since different volumes of vaccine were inoculated, it remained uncertain whether the comparable antibody responses were actually related to the route of administration. McCarroll and Kilbourne (<i>New Engl J Med</i><b>259</b>:618-621,1958) compared the antibody responses of adults to equal volumes of Asian influenza vaccine administered by either the subcutaneous or intradermal routes. They found that when equal small volumes of vaccine were administered either subcutaneously or intradermally at similar intervals, the subcutaneous route was at least equivalent to the intradermal route in its ability to induce the formation of homologous antibody. Klein and Huang (<i>J Pediat</i><b>58</b>:312-314, 1961) compared the responses of infants and children
Aneurism of the Left Ventricle
Authors: J. R. Wardell
Journal: BMJ (1880)

skulls.Although such extreme dolichocephaly.as is met with amongst the Eskimo is very rare among true Americans, the larger number of crania of Indians, excepting those of the inhabitants of the west coast of North America and the region west of the Andes in South America, namely, Peru and Bolivia, as well as Patagonia, are mesaticephalic or moderately dolichocephalic ; but the two forms are curiously intermixed, or at all events found in different tribes inhabiting adjoining regions, much in the same way as they are in Europe.As the inhabitants of the two extreme ends of the Continent, the Eskimo and the Fuegians, are both dolichocephalic, though in the case of the latter the evidence of cranial form is not yet so complete as might be desired, and as certain skulls appa- rently of great antiquity, which have been discovered in Patagonia and Brazil, are of the same form, it has been conjectured that the primitive inhabitants of the Continent were a race with long and narrow heads, and that the branchycephalic race are a later influx.The characters of the bones of the face exhibit, as is often the case, greater uniformity than those of the cranium proper.The frontal region is almost uni- versally 16w and retreating, and the supraciliary ridges are generally well developed in the males.This and the form of the nose distinguish them from the majority of Asiatic Mongols.Nasal bones compressed laterally and hollowed near their upper ends forming a marked projection forwardls at their lower ends, and giving the characteristic high bridge to the nose of the bony face, are found in the great majority of American skulls from all parts of the Continent.The tendency to the narrow form of nasal aperture, so very marked in the Eskimo, prevails throughout theAmerican Cohtinent, the average ir.dex of 123 specimens being 47.2, w-hich is
Improvement of HIV-related pulmonary hypertension after the introduction of an antiretroviral therapy
Authors: A. Barnier, I. Frachon, J. Dewilde, C. Gut-Gobert, Y. Jobic, C. Leroyer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

<b>Background:</b> Currently, two sputum colour charts (SCC) are used in bronchiectatic disease. The SCC developed by <i>Stockley<sup>1</sup></i>, consists of 9 colour fields. The SCC developed by <i>Murray<sup>2</sup></i>, encompasses 8 sputum photographs. Both SCC have arbitrary gradations and are rather difficult to reproduce. <b>Aimes:</b> Development of a continuous, standardized and easy to reproduce SCC, based on the Natural Colour System (NCS). <b>Methods:</b> Every colour has an NCS code, composed of a darkness, a saturation and a hue. By comparing the photographs of the Murray chart with the NCS, we selected corresponding NCS hues. We have modified the saturation and darkness for each hue in order to achieve 17 successive colours per hue. The achieved colours were inserted in a 17x4 table. Printing with Docucolor 242 Xerox laser printer; brightness 85%. <b>Results:</b> A new, reproducible 17-part SCC, built up with NCS colours <i>(figure 1).</i> The spectrum is ranging from bright yellowish/greenish colours (low saturation-low darkness) to dark brown/green colours (high saturation-high darkness). In the vertical direction each section is composed of equivalent boxes that have a different hue but otherwise the same properties (same saturation and darkness). <b>Conclusions:</b> We developed a fluent, reproducible 17-part SCC encoded in the NCS. Further research is needed to assess its reliability and to evaluate the number of categories. <sup>1</sup>Stockley RA et al. Thorax 2001 <sup>2</sup>Murray MP et al. Eur Respir J 2009.
Species of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>complex that cause borrelial lymphocytoma in France
Authors: C. Lenormand, B. Jaulhac, S. De Martino, C. Barthel, D. Lipsker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Only about 30 cases of borrelial lymphocytoma (BL) with identification of the causative species of Borrelia have been published to date, mainly from Eastern or Central European countries.To identify the species of B. burgdorferi complex responsible for BL in France.Nine patients with BL acquired in France and for whom skin samples were sent to the national reference centre laboratory between 1994 and 2007 were included in this retrospective study. Direct detection of Borrelia in skin samples was made by polymerase chain reaction targeting the fla gene. Culture was performed when technically possible, and identification of each species was made by hybridization of a fragment of the fla gene with a panel of species-specific oligonucleotides.Borrelia afzelii was identified in three cases, B. garinii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto in one case each. Culture was positive in only one case (B. garinii).Borrelia afzelii seems to be the predominant species of Borrelia responsible for BL in France, as already reported in other European countries.
Antitumor Activity of an Oncolytic Adenovirus-Delivered Oncogene Small Interfering RNA
Authors: Yu-An Zhang, John Nemunaitis, Shirley K. Samuel, Patrick Chen, Yuqiao Shen, Alex W. Tong
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Despite successes in animal models, cancer gene therapy with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) is hindered by the lack of an optimal delivery platform. We examined the applicability of the replication-competent, oncolytic adenovirus, ONYX-411, to deliver a mutant K-ras siRNA transgene to human cancer cells. Proof-of-principle studies showed an additive tumor growth–inhibitory response through siRNA-mediated K-ras knockdown and ONYX-411-mediated cancer cell lysis. A novel construct, termed Internavec (for interfering RNA vector), was generated by cloning a K-rasv12-specific siRNAras-4 hairpin construct under the control of the human H1 promoter into the deleted E3b region of ONYX-411. Internavec acquired an increase in potency of ∼10-fold in human cancer cells expressing the relevant K-rasv12 mutation (H79, H441, and SW480), as defined by a reduction in the effective dose needed to achieve 50% growth inhibition (ED50). Internavec remained attenuated in nonmalignant epithelial cells. Daily intratumoral injections of Internavec (five daily injections of 1 × 108 plaque-forming units) significantly reduced the growth of s.c. H79 pancreatic cancer xenografts in nu/nu mice by 85.5%, including complete growth suppression in three of five mice. Parental ONYX-411 or ONYX-411-siRNAGFP was markedly less effective (47.8% growth reduction, P = 0.03; and 44.1% growth reduction, P = 0.03, respectively). siRNAras transgene activity contributed to cell cycle blockage, increased apoptosis, and marked down-regulation of Ras signaling–related gene expression (AKT2, GSK3β, E2F2, and MAP4K5). These findings indicate that Internavec can generate a two-pronged attack on tumor cells through oncogene knockdown and viral oncolysis, resulting in a significantly enhanced antitumor outcome. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9736-43)
Paediatric cardiac surgical mortality after Bristol
Authors: Gareth Parry, Elizabeth S Draper, Patricia McKinney
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The paper by Aylin et al on paediatric cardiac mortality in England after Bristol provides some interesting and potentially perturbing results.1 The reduction in paediatric cardiac surgical mortality is encouraging, but the identification of hospitals with excess mortality is worrying.

Since 2003 all paediatric intensive care units in England and Wales have contributed data on all admissions to the paediatric intensive care audit network (PICANet), …
Abstract 1366: Discovery of biomarkers for antitumor drug resistance using 450K methylation data of NCI60
Authors: Vanesa Nogales, Catia Moutinho, Anna Martinez-Cardús, Sudhir Varma, J. Keith Killian, William C. Reinhold, Paul S. Meltzer, Yves Pommier, Manel Esteller
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The National Cancer Institute Antitumor Cell line panel NCI60 is a very frequently used collection of cancer cell lines that has been largely characterized in different biological aspects. Data from proteomic and RNA expression analyses of this panel is already available to the scientific community. Also, the IC50 data for more than 100,000 different compound treatments is accessible in the developmental therapeutic program of NCI (dtp). However, very little has been explored about the epigenetic component of this panel. We have performed a thorough correlational study combining the available molecular information of NCI60, the data of our 450K NCI60 dataset and the IC50 data from the dtp to discover candidate genes for new biomarkers of resistance to antitumor agents. Finding new biomarkers to determine the most probable response to the therapy seems to be a key stage in the development of personalized medicine. Due to its stability and how easy it is to detect its level of methylation, DNA methylation changes appear to be a perfect candidate mark for the construction of this new generation of biomarkers. In this study we obtained multiples candidate genes whose methylation correlated to resistance to different drugs. In order to perform validation analyses we chose a gene that showed a strong positive correlation with the resistance to several DNA damage agents (DDA).Using overexpression and silencing assays we were able to demonstrate that the expression of this gene has a profound influence on the cell sensitivity to the DDA. Furthermore, through gene expression validation assays, such as 5-azacytidine treatments, we demonstrated that the promotor methylation of this gene is associated to its non-expression. In addition, we observed that this gene methylation correlates with a lower overall survival in an ovarian cancer cohort treated with platinum agents. Little is known about our candidate gene but it seems to be related to the DNA repair machine and also to have a function in the cell cycle control. These features could give an explanation to the importance of its presence in the response to DDA treatment. Our studies show that the analysis of DNA methylation changes in cancer cells in combination with other molecular alterations can be used in correlational studies to find trustworthy biomarkers for antitumor drug resistance. Citation Format: Vanesa Nogales, Catia Moutinho, Anna Martinez-Cardús, Sudhir Varma, J. Keith Killian, William C. Reinhold, Paul S. Meltzer, Yves Pommier, Manel Esteller. Discovery of biomarkers for antitumor drug resistance using 450K methylation data of NCI60. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1366. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1366
A YEAR'S SURGERY AT THE LONDON TEMPERANCE HOSPITAL.
Authors: A. PEARCE GOULD
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy of American Medical Association, May, 1884. When in July of last year I had the pleasure of taking the distinguished President of the American Medical Association, and Professor Dennis, over the wards of the London Temperance Hospital, Dr. Flint extorted from me a promise to send a short paper to the Washington meeting of the American Medical Association, containing some account of my surgical experience at that hospital. It is therefore in redemption of that pledge that I venture to lay this brief communication before this distinguished audience. In 1873 a house was taken in Gower street, London, and converted into a hospital for "the medical and surgical treatment of the sick, without the ordinary administration of alcoholic compounds;" and in 1882 the institution was removed to its present well-found and commodious building in the Hampstead Road. At first only 52 beds
MOLECULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Authors: Darren J. Moore, Andrew B. West, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2005)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the etiology of PD is incompletely understood, the recent discovery of genes associated with rare monogenic forms of the disease, together with earlier studies and new experimental animal models, has provided important and novel insight into the molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that deficits in mitochondrial function, oxidative and nitrosative stress, the accumulation of aberrant or misfolded proteins, and ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction may represent the principal molecular pathways or events that commonly underlie the pathogenesis of sporadic and familial forms of PD .