tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recognition of television images as a developmental milestone in young children: observational study
Authors: B W Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the age at which children with apparently normal development can recognise the television image of a cat, dog, or baby. <b>Design:</b> Observational study. <b>Setting:</b> District general hospital in north London. <b>Subjects:</b> 797 children with apparently normal development aged between 8 and 23 months and 26 children with Down9s syndrome aged 18 months. <b>Outcome measures:</b> Whether or not the child recognised the television image of a cat, dog, or baby by naming, imitating, or pointing at the image. <b>Results:</b> By 18 months of age 96% (95% confidence interval 94% to 98%) of normal children recognised the television image of a cat, dog, or baby compared with 5 of 26 (19%) children with Down9s syndrome. <b>Conclusion:</b> Recognition of the television image of a cat, dog, or baby is a simple milestone, which may help in the developmental assessment of young children.
Abstract 1725: Molecular determinants of Sorafenib sensitivity in renal and non small cell lung - Patient derived tumors engrafted in nude mice
Authors: Vuaroqueaux Vincent, Frederic Foucault, Rebekka Krumbach, Julia Schüler, Zakia Amalou, Thomas Metz, Heinz-Herbert Fiebig
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Sorafenib (Nexavar(®)) is a potent multikinase inhibitor suppressing angiogenesis and promoting cell autophagy. Sorafenib has been shown to be active in a broad range of cancers models and is approved in the clinic for treatment of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sorafenib was shown to inhibit non small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), however a recent phase III study failed to demonstrate efficacy when given together with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Therefore, the identification of molecular determinants of Sorafenib sensitivity is of particular importance for better selecting NSCLC patients for treatment with this therapy. In the present study we used a large collection of NSCLC and renal cancer patient derived tumor models xenografted in nude mice (PDX) to compare Sorafenib anti-tumor activity in both cancer types and to identify molecular determinants of tumor sensitivity. Material and Methods: Sorafenib was tested in vivo in a panel of 33 different PDX including 8 renal and 25 NSCLC. The drug was given orally at 200 mg/kg/day for 12 days and tumor sensitivity was evaluated by tumor volume inhibition of the test group relative to the vehicle control group (T/C in %). Molecular characterization was done using targeted mutation analysis by Sequenom MassARRAY Oncocarta 3.0, Affymetrix SNP V6.0 array for gene copy number variation and HGU133 plus 2 arrays for transcriptome analysis. Results: The mean % T/C values were 42% in renal and 38% in NSCL PDX. Using a T/C value of 30% as cut-off for sensitivity, tumor response to Sorafenib were observed in 5/8 renal (62%) and in 8/25(32%) NSCL PDX. In NSCLC the response to Sorafenib was 2/5 (40%) in epidermoid, 2/7 (28%) in large cell and 3/13 (23%) in adeno subtypes. The transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed transcripts between tumors responding to Sorafenib and those being resistant (student t-test adjusted p&amp;lt;0.05). Gene ontology and pathway analyzes will be presented. In addition, for some of these transcripts, differential expression was associated with gene copy number variations in PDX. None of the specific gene mutations detected by Oncocarta panel. 3 were associated with Sorafenib sensitivity. Conclusion: Sorafenib is a potent tumor inhibitor not only in renal but also in the different NSCL cancer model subtypes. Molecular analysis evidenced differentially expressed transcripts but no gene mutation associated with response to treatment. The relevance of these markers for predicting Sorafenib sensitivity should be confirmed in an independent data set. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1725. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1725
IRON THERAPY IN THE ANAEMIA OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

led to the formation of an International Committee at a meeting of the International Society of Medical Hydrology in Paris in 1927.From this Com- mittee sprang the Ligue, though interest in the subject had first been awakened at the International Congress on Physical Treatment in 1913, when Dr. van Breemen of Amster- dam initiated the idea of an institute for scientific research into the rheumatic diseases.The first world war postponed further development at that time, but the idea was revived, thanks to the energy and devotion of Dr. van Breemen, and though its progress was interrupted again by the second world war the Ligue has now grown into a world-wide move- ment.Of these developments the Yearbook, which is in itself a tribute to the vision and enthusiasm of the founders of the Ligue, gives an interesting historical account, with forewords by eminent physicians in English, French, and Spanish.The rules and constitutions of the Ligue Internationale, the Ligue Europeenne, and the Pan-American League are set out in these three languages with lists of the officials and members of the numerous branches and affiliated societies all over the world.
Progress toward understanding the contribution of alkali generation in dental biofilms to inhibition of dental caries
Authors: Ya-Ling Liu, Marcelle Nascimento, Robert A Burne
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

Alkali production by oral bacteria is believed to have a major impact on oral microbial ecology and to be inhibitory to the initiation and progression of dental caries. A substantial body of evidence is beginning to accumulate that indicates the modulation of the alkalinogenic potential of dental biofilms may be a promising strategy for caries control. This brief review highlights recent progress toward understanding molecular genetic and physiologic aspects of important alkali-generating pathways in oral bacteria, and the role of alkali production in the ecology of dental biofilms in health and disease.
Aspirin reduced recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after a first-ever, unprovoked VTE
Authors: Ian Rabinowitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club16 October 2012Aspirin reduced recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after a first-ever, unprovoked VTEIan Rabinowitz, MDIan Rabinowitz, MDUniversity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA (I.R.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-8-201210160-02003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBecattini C, Agnelli G, Schenone A, et al; WARFASA Investigators. Aspirin for preventing the recurrence of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1959-67. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22621626Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Hematology: References1 Prandoni P, Noventa F, Ghirarduzzi A, et al. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. A prospective cohort study in 1, 626 patients. Haematologica. 2007;92:199-205. [PMID: 17296569] Google Scholar2 Tosetto A, Iorio A, Marcucci M, et al. Predicting disease recurrence in patients with previous unprovoked venous thromboembolism: a proposed prediction score (DASH). J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10:1019-25. [PMID: 22489957] Google Scholar3 Kearon C, Gent M, Hirsh J, et al. A comparison of three months of anticoagulation for a first episodes of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:901-7. [PMID: 0089183] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA (I.R.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 October 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 October 2012Volume 157, Issue 8Page: JC4-3KeywordsAnticoagulant therapyHemorrhageHormonal therapySafetyVenous thromboembolismVitamin K ePublished: 16 October 2012 Issue Published: 16 October 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Intravascular Platelet Aggregation on the Heart Induced In Vivo by Catecholamine Infusion.
Authors: J. I. Haft
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Intravascular Platelet Aggregation on the Heart Induced In Vivo by Catecholamine Infusion.J. I. Haft, M.D., F.A.C.P., P. D. Kranz, M.D., K. Gershengorn, M.D., F. J. Albert, M.D., R. Oestreicher, M.D., K. Fani, M.D.J. I. Haft, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, P. D. Kranz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, K. Gershengorn, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, F. J. Albert, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. Oestreicher, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, K. Fani, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-864_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSympathetic catecholamines will cause aggregation of platelets in vitro. Infusion of catecholamines in the experimental animal will result in necrosis in the myocardium. In order to determine if this cardiac necrosis is caused in part by the intravascular aggregation of platelets, two studies involving pretreatment with drugs known to inhibit platelet aggregation and the electron microscopic demonstration of platelet thrombi in cardiac capillaries were undertaken.Thirty dogs were infused with epinephrine 4 g/kg body weight·min for 4 hours. Ten were pretreated with aspirin, 10 gr b.i.d.; 10 with dipyridamole, 50 mg b.i.d., for 4 days; and 10 served as controls.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe effect of a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, BL-3459, on adrenaline-induced myocardial necrosis in beagle dogs 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 864-865KeywordsCapillariesCatecholaminesDrugsElectron microscopyEpinephrineHeartMyocardiumNecrosisPlatelet aggregationPlatelets Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Does Rapid Metabolism Ensure Negligible Risk from Bisphenol A?
Authors: Gary Ginsberg, Deborah C. Rice
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) risks are being evaluated by many regulatory bodies because exposure is widespread and the potential exists for toxicity at low doses.ObjectiveWe evaluated evidence that BPA is cleared more rapidly in humans than in rats in relation to BPA risk assessment.DiscussionThe European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) relied on pharmacokinetic evidence to conclude that rodent toxicity data are not directly relevant to human risk assessment. Further, the EFSA argues that rapid metabolism will result in negligible exposure during the perinatal period because of BPA glucuronidation in pregnant women or sulfation in newborns. These arguments fail to consider the deconjugation of BPA glucuronide in utero by β-glucuronidase, an enzyme that is present in high concentrations in placenta and various other tissues. Further, arylsulfatase C, which reactivates endogenous sulfated estrogens, develops early in life and so may deconjugate BPA sulfate in newborns. Biomonitoring studies and laboratory experiments document free BPA in rat and human maternal, placental, and fetal tissues, indicating that human BPA exposure is not negligible. The pattern of these detections is consistent with deconjugation in the placenta, resulting in fetal exposure. The tolerable daily intake set by the EFSA (0.05 mg/kg/day) is well above effect levels reported in some animal studies.ConclusionThis potential risk should not be dismissed on the basis of an uncertain pharmacokinetic argument. Rather, risk assessors need to decipher the BPA dose response and apply it to humans with comprehensive pharmacokinetic models that account for metabolite deconjugation.
The Impact of Obesity on Oxygen Desaturation during Sleep-disordered Breathing
Authors: Paul E. Peppard, Neil R. Ward, Mary J. Morrell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Obesity increases the risk and severity of sleep-disordered breathing. The degree to which excess body weight contributes to blood oxygen desaturation during hypopneic and apneic events has not been comprehensively characterized.To quantify the association between excess body weight and oxygen desaturation during sleep-disordered breathing.A total of 750 adult participants in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study were assessed for body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) and sleep-disordered breathing. The amount of Sa(O(2)), duration, and other characteristics of 37,473 observed breathing events were measured during polysomnography studies. A mixed-effects linear regression model estimated the association of blood oxygen desaturation with participant-level characteristics, including BMI, gender, and age, and event-level characteristics, including baseline Sa(O(2)), change in Vt, event duration, sleep state, and body position.BMI was positively associated with oxygen desaturation severity independent of age, gender, sleeping position, baseline Sa(O(2)), and event duration. BMI interacted with sleep state such that BMI predicted greater desaturation in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than in non-REM sleep. Each increment of 10 kg/m(2) BMI predicted a 1.0% (SE, 0.2%) greater mean blood oxygen desaturation for persons in REM sleep experiencing hypopnea events associated with 80% Vt reductions.Excess body weight is an important predictor of the severity of blood oxygen desaturation during apnea and hypopnea events, potentially exacerbating the impact of sleep-disordered breathing in obese patients.
Coloscopy — Technique, Results, Indication
Authors: P. Deyhle, L. Demling
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

Using new flexible endoscopes and a special technique we are able to examine the entire large intestine and the terminal ileum with a high percentage of success. Thus, new and important possibilities are opened up for the diagnosis. In addition, therapeutic measures can also be carried out through the coloscope, thus saving the patient a laparotomy and the associated lengthy stay in hospital.
Sydney Gordon Forbes Wilson
Authors: Clifford C Lutton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant paediatrician Dundee (b Arbroath 1924; q Edinburgh 1947; MD, FRCP Ed), died from a stroke on 16 January 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




Sydney was a national service medical specialist major in the Royal Army Medical Corps in Egypt and Ceylon in 1949-50. After this he specialised in paediatrics at Plymouth, Dundee, Great Ormond Street, and Hammersmith hospitals, followed by a paediatric renal research fellowship in Cleveland, United States. He returned to the United Kingdom as a paediatric senior registrar, Dundee, and was appointed consultant paediatrician in Sunderland in 1963 and in Dundee in 1965. He made countless contributions to paediatric literature and was a member of various associations, including the Scottish Paediatric Society, of which he was president. His main areas of specialty were cystic fibrosis and childhood leukaemia. He leaves a wife, Eileen; four children; and seven grandchildren.
Antibodies against syndecan-4 reduce cartilage destruction in RA-like disease of htnf transgenic mice
Authors: A. Stratis, K. Neugebauer, C. Wehmeyer, C. Wunrau, N. Pundt, G. Kollias, F. Echtermeyer, T. Pap
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Syndecan-4 is a transmembrane heparansulfate proteoglycan and one out of four members of the syndecan family described in mammals.Several studies have implicated syndecan-4 in cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration, differentiation and proliferation, but its specifi c function in infl ammatory pathologies remains unclear.Here, we used the human tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) transgenic (hTNFtg) mouse to analyse the expression and function of syndecan-4 in chronic destructive arthritis and answer the question whether inhibition of syndecan-4 by specifi c antibodies may prevent cartilage destruction in this animal model of human RA.Methods Expression of syndecan-4 was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the hind-paws of 8-week-old hTNFtg mice and wild type controls.In addition, synovial fi broblasts were isolated and analysed for syndecan-4 expression by RT-PCR.For functional analyses, we generated blocking antibodies against syndecan-4.To investigate their effect on TNFα mediated destructive arthritis, hTNFtg mice were injected with the antibodies or with IgG control antibodies twice weekly for 4 weeks into their hind paws.Evaluation of disease severity included clinical parameters (weight, arthritis score, grip strength) as well as histomorphometric analysis of toluidin-blue stained paraffi n sections and staining of disease-relevant MMPs Results As seen in immunohistochemistry, there was a strong expression of syndecan-4 in the synovial membranes of hTNFtg mice, whereas only negligible staining for syndecan-4 was found in synovial tissues of wild type animals.In vitro, synovial fi broblasts isolated from hTNFtg mice showed more than 36.5-foldhigher expression of syndecan-4 than wild type controls.Administration of the anti-syndecan-4 antibodies but not of IgG control clearly ameliorated the clinical signs of arthritis (p<0.05 at week 8) and protected the treated joints from cartilage damage.At histomorphometric analysis, this was evident for all analysed parameters but seen most prominently for area of distained cartilage (IgG control 23% vs anti-syndecan-4 2%, p<0.05 at week 8).Signifi cantly reduced cartilage damage in the anti-syndecan-4 treated hTNFtg mice was accompanied by a striking reduction in the expression of MMP3.Conclusions Our fi ndings indicate that syndecan-4 is involved prominently in fi broblast-mediated cartilage damage in hTNFtg mice by regulating the expression of disease-relevant MMPs.More importantly, however, the data also suggest that inhibition of syndecan-4 can prevent cartilage damage in this in vivo on August 16,
Increase of serum high-density lipoprotein in phenytoin users.
Authors: E A Nikkila, M Kaste, C Ehnholm, J Viikari
Journal: BMJ (1978)

99with metastases of the first metatarsal and proximal phalanx, while Bright and Wilkie4 reported involvement of the talus and four metatarsals by metastatic transitional cell carcinoma.Gall et a12 in their series included a case in which there was involvement of the calcanium, fifth metatarsal, and fifth phalanx by metastatic squamous carcinoma.In our case 11 of the foot bones were partly or completely affected by metastatic carcinoma, this being the first report of such massive metastatic disease of the foot.Although foot pain is very common, this case shows that it may be a presenting sign of occult visceral carcinoma and an initial radiograph of the foot may not show evidence of metastatic carcinoma.We are indebted to Mrs W Jones for secretarial help.
The β-Agonist Saga and Its Clinical Relevance: On and On It Goes
Authors: D. Robin Taylor
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

The decision by the Food and Drug Administration to issue a "black box" warning for long-acting beta-agonists has been followed by a series of pharmacoepidemiological studies focusing on the safety of these drugs. However, these provide the clinician with mixed messages and do not offer clear guidance as to whether adverse responses to beta-agonists are a relevant consideration in individual patients. Simultaneously, there is a growing body of evidence that continuous or high dose-beta-agonist exposure is proinflammatory and that, paradoxically, airway hyperresponsiveness is enhanced, not attenuated. Also, pharmacological theory regarding the pathophysiological function of the beta-adrenoceptor is having to be revised. A recent clinical study has even suggested that beta-blockers rather than beta-agonists may be beneficial in asthma. In practice, there are individuals in whom excessive beta-agonist use contributes adversely to poor asthma control. The recommendation that concomitant use of inhaled steroids will obviate any risks associated with beta-agonists is not in fact fool-proof. Clinicians need to be aware of how to identify and manage patients for whom beta-agonist treatment is a problem rather than a solution. They constitute a small but important subgroup of patients with difficult asthma.
Exposure to Carbon Nanotubes Leads to Changes in the Cellular Biomechanics
Authors: Chenbo Dong, Michael L. Kashon, David Lowry, Jonathan S. Dordick, Steven H. Reynolds, Yon Rojanasakul, Linda M. Sargent, Cerasela Zoica Dinu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Exposure to carbon nanotubes induces significant changes in cellular biomechanics. Using nanoindentation, it is observed that the exposed cells have significantly higher stiffness when compared to controls, especially at the nuclear region, and significant increases in surface area.
Medical Education by Television Programs
Authors: S. Spence Meighan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Our article, "Continuing Medical Education Through Television" (<b>200</b>:762, 1967), was the subject of a letter toThe Journalby Dr. Charles E. Lewis (<b>201</b>:709, 1967). He criticized three aspects of our work: He questioned the representativeness of the sample of physicians from which our findings were derived. The study, however, was designed and the sample was obtained in accordance with well-accepted sampling procedures which are described in standard texts. He doubted the comparability of the responses of the three groups of participants. The responses of the first and second groups are comparable since they involve the same stimuli, the identical printed questionnaire. The responses of the physicians to questions by telephone may not be entirely comparable, but it is difficult to believe that physicians reporting their television viewing would be influenced by the method of communication used to obtain this kind of information.
Methylene Blue for Rapid Identification of the Parathyroids
Authors: N. E. Dudley
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Rapid identification of parathyroid tissue has been rendered possible by preoperative intravenous infusion of methylene blue before exploration of the neck. The technique has been used on 17 patients with thyroid and parathyroid disorders. In all cases one or more of the parathyroids have been demonstrated with histological confirmation, but with greater experience almost all have been shown readily. This has resulted in an appreciable reduction in operating time, and the method should help to reduce the high incidence of clinical hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy.