tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ED-14 * QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADULTS WITH GLIOMAS: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: K. Kurako, J. Lowe, V. Kurako, E. Salgado
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

AIM: Patients with malignant gliomas are subject to multiple medical problems that can significantly impact their overall survival and quality of life, including cognitive and psychiatric disorders, seizures, headaches, and side effects of chemotherapy. Optimal management requires a multidisciplinary approach and knowledge of potential complications of both the disease and its treatment. METHODS: Literature search was conducted to identify studies reporting original data on baseline quality of life. Two electronic databases were searched from inception to June 2014. 38 full-text articles were selected for critical reading. The authors performed a systematic literature review that included 1660 patients. RESULTS: The most commonly reported complication among patients with glioma is cognitive changes. Of the 1660 patients in this review, 348 (21%) were found to have changes in cognition. These changes are believed to be due to either the tumor itself, neurosurgical intervention, postoperative medications or psychological effects. Motor deficits, fatigue, headache and depression are also among the top 5 commonly reported complications. 192 (12%) patients reported motor deficits, 158 (10%) patients reported fatigue, 190 (11.4%) patients suffered from headaches, and 136 (8%) patients suffered from depression during the course of their illness. It was also shown that among glioma patients, those with depression were significantly more likely to experience complications and had significantly shorter survival times when compared to non-depressed glioma patients. Other reported complications include language and communication deficits in 119 (7%) patients, emotional distress in 83 (5%) patients, seizures in 80 (4.7%) patients, pain in 71 (4%) patients, adverse drug and chemotherapy reactions in 76 (5%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: High grade gliomas are extremely aggressive tumors that require intensive treatment. The findings of this review highlight the many contributory factors that significantly reduce the overall quality of life in patients with high-grade glioma.
Feasibility and safety of G-CSF administration to induce bone marrow-derived cells mobilization in patients with end stage liver disease
Authors: Silvia Gaia, Antonina Smedile, Paola Omedè, Antonella Olivero, Fiorella Sanavio, Federico Balzola, Antonio Ottobrelli, Maria Lorena Abate, Alfredo Marzano, Mario Rizzetto, Corrado Tarella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Platelet Transfusion Therapy in an Alloimmunized Patient
Authors: Thomas Hecht
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A 51-year-old patient with acute myelogenous leukemia, who was alloimmunized to platelets, failed to show adequate platelet increments after receiving transfusions of HLA grade A-identical platelets. Only platelets from an HLA grade B-matching donor gave high increments. Several crossmatching procedures were used to select platelet donors. A correlation was seen between in vitro tests and in vivo response. HLA typing has limitations in the selection of platelet-compatible donors. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2301-2303)
THE CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF SALPINGITIS BY UTERINE AND TUBAL INJECTION
Authors: I. S. STONE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In the light of experience we are enabled to practice more conservative and less radical or sacrificial surgery when treating infectious disease of the pelvic organs of women. Many of our gynecologic patients come to us after the acute symptoms of salpingitis have subsided, and every one knows that operations are comparatively safe at this time. This alone indicates the wisdom of conservative treatment of some kind. The almost universal success now attained in the surgical treatment of salpingitis by competent operators leaves little to be desired unless we appreciate the fact that patients are not always well afterward, even if their lives are not in danger. Of this part of the subject the last word has not been said. We have therefore ventured in many instances during the past two decades to attempt the complete sterilization of the uterine and tubal mucosa, and to leave at least one tube
William Worrall Mayo
Authors: Edward E. Harnagel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

AS many have observed with dismay, the education of a physician in the past century has increased greatly in length and contracted in breadth. After ten to fifteen years of highly formal training he has neither the inclination, the vitality nor the knowledge to venture into alien fields. In sharp contrast, the pioneer physician, whose formal education, if any, was brief, often and at times of necessity had varied interests. The restless, full life of William Worrall Mayo is a case in point.He was born on May 31, 1819, in the village of Eccles, near Manchester, England. His early . . .
Clinical Measurement of Systolic Pressures in Limbs With Arterial Occlusive Disease
Authors: Stefan A. Carter
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Systolic pressures can be measured easily in the limbs with arterial occlusive disease using blood pressure cuffs. Pulse pick-ups, ultrasonic flow detector, spectroscope, or visual "flush" technique may be used to detect the end point. Systolic pressures were measured in 202 limbs with angiographically documented arterial disease and in 86 control limbs. The pressures were abnormal in all limbs with complete proximal occlusion and in the majority of limbs with proximal stenosis. Such measurements are helpful in the evaluation of cases with doubtful arterial disease, in selection of patients for arterial surgery, in the objective assessment of the results of treatment, and in the follow-up of patients. The described techniques should find wide clinical application, particularly since the measurements can be carried out easily at bedside and in the physician's office.
Mixed psychiatric wards.
Authors: I. E. Averbuch, P. Lichtenberg
Journal: BMJ (1992)

necessary."The decision in the House of Lords in one case states "In considering lawfulness of medical and surgical treatment given to a patient who for any reason, temporary or permanent, lacks the capacity to give or to communicate consent to treatment, it was stated to be axiomatic that treatment which is necessary to preserve life, health or well being of the patient may lawfully be given without consent."In emergency treatment, where decisions need to be taken quickly, the legal position may be far from clear cut and medical staff may be open to prosecution for assault under common law.Most medical staff have little or no appreciation of the lack of clarity in the legal position governing the treatment of patients against their wishes in emergencies.The case concerning the Jehovah's Witness raised "for the first time in English courts the question of whether an adult has the constitutional right to die."2The patient described here made a complete recovery.Several weeks later he came to the outpatients department without an appointment to thank us profusely for having saved his life.The laws governing the treatment of drug overdose should be clarified to protect doctors who other- wise may face legal proceedings for acting in good faith and with compassion.
Twins in a Child Psychiatry Clinic
Authors: MARIA PALUSZNY, A. GEOFFREY ABELSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors found that 22 of the 2,015 referrals to a children's psychiatric clinic during a six-year period were twins-half the number that would be expected on the basis of the national incidence of twins. Evidence of minimal brain dysfunction was found in a higher percentage of the twins than in a matched nontwin group. The authors suggest that factors often inherent in twins (e.g., prematurity and birth difficulties) may be related to this finding.
Partnership with patients
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Being confronted with a patient who has done a literature search, scanned the internet, made a provisional diagnosis, and knows what he or she wants from the health service is no longer a hypothetical scenario. People are becoming better informed about health, and a groundswell of support and government backing exists for the campaign being waged by consumer lobbies, patient organisations, and others for more and better information on health and for greater involvement in decision making.1

Much of the information currently available to patients is inaccurate or misleading and gives little indication of outcome and treatment options. The need to improve such material and take more account of patients' information needs was emphasised at a recent meeting, organised by the King's Fund under its “Promoting patient choice” programme.* It is also the focus of a new government funded Centre for Health Information Quality, which will coordinate and support the development of materials for patients.*

But what constitutes quality? “Patients want honest, unbiased, up to date information about their illness, its likely outcome, and the …
The 15 minute consultation
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

“How long should a general practice consultation be?” seems a boring and irrelevant question, but it isn’t. In the 1980s general practitioners had five minute appointments. A literally standing joke ran: remove the patient’s chair from the consulting room to speed consulting. Speed was good. Pressure, well that was the job: deal with it or get out of general practice. But thinking became more “enlightened”: speed wasn’t always good according to the Royal College of General Practitioners. Doctors needed more time to deal with complex needs, to be more patient centred, for health promotion, and …
Clinical Remarks on Hydrophobia
Authors: J. S. Bristowe
Journal: BMJ (1883)

tion, and is thus a contrast to the last lecture.It illustrates, even in a more striking manner than the first two lectures, the relations of modern physiology to the physiology of our forefathers.The latter were engaged in observing and explaining the more obvious phenomena, whilst the modern physiologists are pushing their re- searches further, and are endeavouring to study the hidden phe- nomena which, like a second order, lie behind these.It need scarcely be added that even the results of modern research are not to be regarded as final, although we see a little further and more clearly than those who went before.There is still uncertainty as to fact and obscurity as to explanation in most departments of physiological science, and not least as regards the function of respiration.
The time has come; a Catholic doctor's proposals to end the battle over birth control.
Authors: John W. Huffman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

John Rock is a distinguished gynecologist and a devout Roman Catholic. His scientific interests, which include the development of a widely discussed contraceptive pill, have centered in the field of human reproduction. His conscience, if we interpret the preface correctly, leads him to believe that the time has come for a Catholic physician to explore the religious, ethical, and medical problems involved in controlling the rapid increase in the world's population. He accomplishes his purpose with much dignity and not a little wit. His relaxed, yet remarkably clear style, his shrewd utilization of semantics to develop his arguments, and the incisive way he makes his points suggest the maneuvers of a skilled chess player. The book is not written primarily for physicians, but is, rather, a popular work and anyone, regardless of his faith or occupation, who is concerned about the rapid increase in population growth or who is interested
The Nonoperative Determination of Patency of Fallopian Tubes
Authors: I. C. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The determination of patency of fallopian tubes has hitherto been possible only by direct inspection and palpation obtained by laparotomy. Physician examination was wholly inadequate because it still left the question of patency a matter of speculation. This is especially true when, as in certain intances, the tubes are sealed tight at their fimbriated end, although no distention of the lumen is present. In other instances it is hard to diagnose occlusion of the tube due to hydrosalpinx when the walls are flaccid. Some tubes are closed by adhesions secondary to a peritonitis that arises outside of the gynecologic domain. No matter how clear the history, the question as to whether such a tube is patent or not is always a matter of doubt. The same holds true in cases in which the tube may be occluded by a tumor. It is often not possible to distinguish whether a mass
Production of Sounds in Distensible Tubes
Authors: JOHANN E. MEISNER, ROBERT F. RUSHMER
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

A photocell was used to record vibrations in a solution of white Hector bentonite passing through a constriction introduced into Tygon or cellophane tubing, or into a transparent flat flow section with distensible sides. These vibrations were compared with those simultaneously recorded from the walls of the model. Both vibration spectra were also subjected to frequency analysis. At low steady flow rates in either three-dimensional system, the jet lost its laminar characteristics downstream from the constriction, but this disturbance was not accompanied by wall vibrations. At somewhat higher flow rates, the eddies impinged upon the walls and set up local wall vibrations, below the audible range. At still higher velocities, the turbulence became greater and the wall vibrations spread along the walls and became audible. However, the frequencies of the fluid motion did not necessarily appear in the frequency spectrum of the walls. The amount of energy necessary to set the walls in motion was partly determined by their physical characteristics; vibrations were more easily produced in the thin, flexible cellophane than in the thicker Tygon. Thus, the absence of murmurs does not mean that flow is laminar nor does the presence of wall vibrations mean that they are audible.
Intestinal absorptive function.
Authors: R C Spiller
Journal: Gut (1994)

The normal gut is adapted to intermittent feeding with complex macromolecular substrates of low sodium content. The high permeability of the upper small intestine to sodium, together with sodium rich saliva and pancreaticobiliary secretions results in large sodium fluxes into the lumen. These substantial sodium influxes are matched by equally large effluxes from the ileum and proximal colon, which are comparatively impermeable to sodium and capable of active sodium absorption. Resection of these distal, sodium absorbing regions of the intestine, lead to problems with sodium depletion. Controlled transit of chyme is essential to permit time for optimum digestion and absorption and a range of feedback control mechanisms exist. Partially digested nutrients, both in the duodenum and ileum, exert inhibitory feedback to delay delivery of further nutrients and here again surgery may compromise these reflexes. Brush border hydrolase values are strongly influenced by luminal nutrient concentrations, being impaired by malnutrition and total parenteral nutrition, but restored by enteral feeding. Viscous fibre slows absorption and may delay transit through mechanisms that are as yet uncertain. Whether and how novel substrates activate normal control mechanisms will be important factors determining their effectiveness and patient acceptability.
Isn't the NHS brilliant
Authors: L. D. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

“Isn’t the NHS brilliant,” he said to me in a strong Welsh accent. On my first night on call as a foundation level doctor, I was called to see a 98 year old man with a known abdominal aortic aneurism and abdominal pain. As I started to examine him, he proceeded to tell me his story. He had grown up in Tredegar, and had known Aneurin Bevan …
Fluorescent lights, ultraviolet lamps, and risk of cutaneous melanoma.
Authors: A. J. Swerdlow, J. S. English, R. M. MacKie, C. J. O'Doherty, J. A. Hunter, J. Clark, D. J. Hole
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Exposure to solar radiation is increasingly being associated with a risk of cutaneous melanoma, and some risk has also been attributed to exposure to fluorescent lights. The risk of cutaneous melanoma associated with exposure to some sources of artificial ultraviolet radiation was examined in a case-control study in a Scottish population with fairly low exposure to natural ultraviolet radiation. The risk was not significantly or consistently raised for exposure to fluorescent lights at home or at work. The use of ultraviolet lamps and sunbeds, however, was associated with a significantly increased risk (relative risk = 2.9; 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 6.4), and the risk was significantly related to duration of use. The risk was particularly raised among people who have first used [corrected] ultraviolet beds or lamps more than [corrected] five years before presentation (relative risk = 9.1; 95% confidence intervals 2.0-40.6), in whom it was significantly related to cumulative hours of exposure. The risks associated with exposure to ultraviolet lamps and sunbeds remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors for melanoma.
Problems in the management of chronic hepatitis B with interferon: experience in a randomized, multicentre study
Authors: G. Realdi, G. Fattovich, G. Pastore, F. Caredda, F. Noventa, T. Santantonio, M. Moroni, D. Criscuolo, D. Maladorno, M. Rugge, H.P. Dienes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Responses of synovial fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to bacterial antigens and autologous antigen presenting cells.
Authors: I.S Klasen, M.J Melief, T.J Swaak, A.J Severijnen, M.P Hazenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

The specificity of T cells in the inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been the subject of much study. Bacterial antigens are suspect in the aetiology of rheumatic diseases. The responsiveness of the mononuclear cell fraction of peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with RA and of patients with rheumatic diseases other than RA to bacterial antigens such as cell wall fragments of the anaerobic intestinal flora, cell wall fragments of Streptococcus pyogenes, intestinal flora derived peptidoglycan polysaccharide complexes, the 65 kilodalton protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and muramyldipeptide was investigated. No significant difference in response was found to all these bacterial antigens in the synovial fluid of patients with RA compared with the responses in patients with other rheumatic diseases. The highest responsiveness in the synovial fluid of the patients with RA was to the streptococcal cell wall fragments and to the 65 kilodalton protein. Higher responses to several bacterial antigens in the synovial fluid of patients with RA were found compared with peripheral blood from the same patient group. The antigen presenting cell population of the synovial fluid in patients with RA and the patients with other rheumatic diseases was found to be stimulatory for autologous peripheral blood T cells even in the absence of antigen. This suggests an important role for the synovial antigen presenting cell in the aetiology of inflammatory joint diseases.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE MODE OF INFECTION IN EPIDEMIC MENINGITIS
Authors: Harold L. Amoss, Frederick Eberson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

The lower monkeys as represented by Macacus rhesus are resistant to a high degree to infection with cultures of the meningococcus introduced into the general blood. The lower monkeys are less resistant to infection when the meningococcus cultures are injected directly into the subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture. Relatively virulent cultures, which have been passed through several monkeys, acquire the power of surviving in the circulating blood of the monkeys for a maximum period of about 72 hours. Nothing has, however, been observed to indicate that the injected meningococci actually multiply in the blood. It has not been found possible to direct the meningococci circulating in the blood into the cerebrospinal meninges of monkeys. In this effort an aseptic meningitis was induced by injecting horse serum, saline solution, or protargol into the subarachnoid space preceding the introduction of the meningococci into the blood. In rabbits the meningococci were able to pass into the spinal fluid from the blood when a physical break in the continuity was made; however, under the conditions of chemical inflammation of the meninges the rabbit reacted just as the monkeys, and the organisms did not pass. Because of the high insusceptibility of the monkey to infection with meningococcus, it is not believed that the experiments throw any new light on the mode of invasion of the body in man by that microorganism. The experiments do not lend any support to the notion that an intraspinal injection of the antimeningococcus serum, early in the course of invasion of meningococcus in man, and possibly at a period at which the meninges do not yet show evidences of inflammation, favors its diversion from the blood stream into the subarachnoid space.
Abstract 5377: Profiling of aurora kinase signaling in microdissected gastric cancer samples indicates a significant increase in histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4).
Authors: Lorenzo Colarossi, Lorenzo Memeo, Lance A. Liotta, Virginia Espina, Claudius Mueller
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction &amp; Methods: Gastric cancer represents one of the leading causes of cancer related death in the world second only to lung cancer resulting in 800,000 deaths per year. Aurora kinases, a family of serine/threonine kinases essential for cytokinesis and chromosome segregation, are frequently over-expressed in various cancer types. Moreover, Aurora kinase has recently been shown to directly regulate epigenetic changes (Guise et al., Mol Cell Proteomics. 2012 Nov;11(11):1220-9). Aurora kinase signaling may also impact E-cadherin function via a GSK3-α/β induced increase in β-catenin. E-cadherin deregulation has been implicated in gastric cancer, especially in diffuse types where it is mutated in many cases. We have profiled Aurora kinase signaling pathway activation and its effects on epigenetic and cytoskeletal changes in gastric cancer. Human gastric cancer tumor samples (n=10; 4 diffuse, 5 intestinal, 1 undifferentiated adenocardinoma) and patient matched normal mucosa were procured by laser capture microdissection. Reverse phase protein microarrays were used to quantify total and post-translationally modified proteins in cell signaling pathways directly and indirectly related to Aurora kinase. Results: We found a significant increase in histone deacetylase 4 levels (HDAC4, p&amp;lt;0.0001) concomitant with increased phosphorylation of Aurora kinase (p&amp;lt;0.1) and a decrease in phosphorylated GSK3-α/β (p&amp;lt;0.05) in gastric tumor epithelia compared to patient matched normal mucosa. Gastric cancer samples of diffuse type showed a significantly reduced expression of E-Cadherin (p&amp;lt;0.05) as compared to intestinal type gastric cancer. In contrast, patient samples with lymph node metastasis (n=6) were associated with an increased level of phospho-GSK3-α/β in both normal mucosa (p&amp;lt;0.05) and matched tumor epithelia (p&amp;lt;0.1). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first time that increased levels of HDAC4 have been reported in gastric cancer. The demonstrated increase in Aurora kinase phosphorylation in gastric tumor epithelia may provide a mechanistic link to the observed HDAC4 upregulation. Citation Format: Lorenzo Colarossi, Lorenzo Memeo, Lance A. Liotta, Virginia Espina, Claudius Mueller. Profiling of aurora kinase signaling in microdissected gastric cancer samples indicates a significant increase in histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5377. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5377