tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract PD09-02: Prognostic Effect of Obesity on Breast Cancer
Authors: D Tryfonopoulos, H Christakou, V Rapti, N Kontou, C Panopoulos, G Koumakis, S Demiri, C Papadimitriou, I Missitzis, N Apostolikas, A. Efremidis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Body mass index (BMI), prior estrogen use, and family history have been described as risk factors for invasive breast cancer. Our purpose was to investigate the influence of obesity on established prognostic pathologic and molecular characteristics of breast cancer. Material and methods: Five-hundred and twelve female consecutive breast cancer patients of mean age 53±11 years were included in this study. Data were recorded in a prospective electronic databank upon first presentation. Risk factors (BMI, family history, prior estrogen use, menopausal status, parity, metabolic syndrome, smoking, alcohol, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes) as well as histologic characteristics (TNM, nodal status, grade, LVI) and tumor phenotype (ER, PR, Cerb-B2) were obtained. Patients with a BMI&amp;lt;27 were considered of normal weight whereas patients with a BMI≥27 were considered as obese. Univariate and logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: The 2 groups did not differ for age (p=ns). Patients with a BMI≥27 were more frequently node positive, had a higher incidence of grade 3, LVI positive tumors and had more often a positive family history of breast cancer (P&amp;lt;0.05). On the contrary, patients with a BMI&amp;lt;27 reported more frequently prior estrogen use and were more commonly nulliparous (P&amp;lt;0.05). Regression analysis confirmed that in patients with BMI&amp;lt;27 age and menopausal status were associated with node positive disease, independently of tumor phenotype, grade, LVI, family history, estrogen use and parity (0.951, 95%CI 0.91-0.99 and 3.232, 95%CI 1.2-8.5). Using the same analysis, in patients with BMI≥27 LVI was associated with node positive disease, independently of all other factors (5.253, 95%CI 1.1-26.9). Discussion: Different risk factors appear to influence lean and obese breast cancer patients. Patients with BMI&amp;lt;27 more frequently have a history of estrogen use and nulliparity. Age and menopausal status are independently associated with node + disease in lean patients. Obese patients (BMI&amp;gt;27) have more frequently positive family history and more aggressive histology (node +, grade 3, LVI+). LVI in obese patients appears to be independently associated with node + disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD09-02.
Infants and Interactive Media Use
Authors: Kelly L. Strutz
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Chloroform and Anaesthesia
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1875)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL .OURNAL.was then put on infuision of jaborandi (one drachm to six ounces), and this treatment was continued for forty-four days.The dose was from time to time increased till he took several times daily a dose enough to produce in healthy people very profuse perspiration a-nd salivation.As will be seen, the jaborandi hacl no effect on the quantity of urine; but his mouth was moister and more comfortable, and, though the jaborandi never produced copious perspiration, it kept the skin comfortable, and, after exercise or eating, or hot drinks, he perspired rather freely.The sweating of the feet soon ceased after taking jaborandi.The medicine did not make him spit.After it had been clearly proved that the jaborandi was useless, he was put on ergot for the thiud time with considerable success.The results of the treatment will be seen in the following table. Quantity of urineQuantity of urine Date.
Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Stellate Cells Promote Differentiation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in a STAT3-Dependent Manner
Authors: Thomas A. Mace, Zeenath Ameen, Amy Collins, Sylwia Wojcik, Markus Mair, Gregory S. Young, James R. Fuchs, Tim D. Eubank, Wendy L. Frankel, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Mark Bloomston, Gregory B. Lesinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are a subset of pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts. These cells provide prosurvival signals to tumors; however, little is known regarding their interactions with immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that factors produced by human PSC could enhance myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) differentiation and function, which promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Primary PSC cell lines (n = 7) were generated from human specimens and phenotypically confirmed via expression of vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Luminex analysis indicated that PSC but not human fetal primary pancreatic fibroblast cells (HPF; negative controls) produced MDSC-promoting cytokines [interleukin (IL-6), VEGF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) ] and chemokines (SDF-1, MCP-1). Culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells [peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), n = 3 donors] with PSC supernatants or IL-6/granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; positive control) for 7 days promoted PBMC differentiation into an MDSC (CD11b+CD33+) phenotype and a subpopulation of polymorphonuclear CD11b+CD33+CD15+ cells. The resulting CD11b+CD33+ cells functionally suppressed autologous T-lymphocyte proliferation. In contrast, supernatants from HPF did not induce an MDSC phenotype in PBMCs. Culture of normal PBMCs with PSC supernatants led to STAT3 but not STAT1 or STAT5 phosphorylation. IL-6 was an important mediator as its neutralization inhibited PSC supernatant-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation and MDSC differentiation. Finally, the FLLL32 STAT3 inhibitor abrogated PSC supernatant-mediated MDSC differentiation, PSC viability, and reduced autocrine IL-6 production indicating these processes are STAT3 dependent. These results identify a novel role for PSC in driving immune escape in pancreatic cancer and extend the evidence that STAT3 acts as a driver of stromal immunosuppression to enhance its interest as a therapeutic target.
Peter Harry Holmes
Authors: Richard I Holmes
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Peter was the only child of Arthur, a weaving shed manager, and Annie, a canteen worker. He attended Morley Grammar School, where he was interested in botany but was advised to study medicine and won a scholarship to Leeds Medical School, qualifying in 1957.

Through his love of the natural world he met his first wife Shirley, a schoolteacher, at the Batley Naturalist Society. They had five children.

After house jobs at the Leeds Women's Hospital and Halifax General Hospital he entered general practice with Dr …
Interference of Intravenous Vitamin C With Blood Glucose Testing
Authors: Sumangala Vasudevan, Irl B. Hirsch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is an integral component in the management of diabetes. However, it is important to understand the limitations of SMBG due to presence of interfering substances (1). We present a patient with diabetes and malignancy, who had falsely elevated blood glucose readings following administration of intravenous ascorbic acid (AA).

A 56-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes was diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. She administered insulin glargine and insulin aspart before meals. After three cycles of chemotherapy, due to poor response, she decided to stop further traditional therapies. She consulted a naturopath, who started her on intravenous AA at a dose of 75 g twice weekly. Following this, she noted that her SMBG levels were consistently elevated after intravenous …
1135-76 Racial variations in treatment and outcomes of African American and white patients with non ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: Insights from CRUSADE
Authors: Ali F Sonel, Chester B Good, Jyotsna Mulgand, Matthew T Roe, W.Brian Gibler, Sidney C Smith, Mauricio G Cohen, Robert Zalenski, Charles V Pollack, E Magnus Ohman, Eric D Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The Effects on Survival of Early Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Neil M.H. Graham, Scott L. Zeger, Lawrence P. Park, Sten H. Vermund, Roger Detels, Charles R. Rinaldo, John P. Phair
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Zidovudine has been shown to prolong survival in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and, in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but not AIDS, to delay the progression to AIDS. However, it is still uncertain whether treatment before the development of AIDS prolongs survival.
Heartburn in Pregnancy
Authors: N. D. McCreath
Journal: BMJ (1953)

<h3>Background</h3> The factors associated with emergency ambulance re-attendance after being discharged at scene by paramedics are poorly understood. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective observational study of consecutive patients attended but not transported to hospital by an emergency ambulance in Victoria, Australia between 01/07/2016 and 30/06/2017. Rates of re-attendance within 24 hours were examined using probabilistic matching. Adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with: 1) re-attendance; 2) re-attendances involving cardiac arrest or ‘lights/sirens’ transport to hospital. <h3>Results</h3> There were 97 061 non-transported patients of whom 3393 (3.5%) were re-attended within 24 hours. The outcome following initial attendance was: refused transport against paramedic advice (33.5%); referred to another healthcare provider (17.4%), and; discharged at scene (49.1%). On re-attendance, cardiac arrest occurred in 15 (0.5%) patients of which three were palliative, and 117 (3.4%) required ‘lights/sirens’ transport. The rate of cardiac arrest or ‘lights/sirens’ transport was higher in patients who initially refused transport against paramedic advice (4.8% vs. 3.4%, p=0.04). In the multivariable models, older age (Odds Ratio[OR]=1.02[1.01–1.02] per year), male gender (OR=1.25[1.15–1.35]), and an initial alcohol/drug-related issue (OR=1.50[1.05–2.14]) were associated with re-attendance within 24 hours. Older age (OR=1.02[1.01–1.03]), male gender (OR=1.69[1.12–2.55]), an initial pulse rate ≥120 pbm (OR=2.49[1.22–5.06]) and an initial respiratory rate &gt;30 bpm (OR=3.42[1.43–8.14]) were independently associated with re-attendances involving cardiac arrest or ‘lights/sirens’ transport. Paramedic years of experience was not associated with re-attendance. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Ambulance re-attendance after discharge at scene is infrequent. Ambulance services may benefit from development of screening tools which identify patients at risk of harm after discharge at scene. <h3>Conflict of interest</h3> None. <h3>Funding</h3> None.
Treatment of the Climacteric Syndrome
Authors: F. Osmond-Clarke, M. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1965)

or had become depressed as a result of the demecolcine or the radiotherapy, or a combination of both.Further patients with this condition on treatment here by radio- therapy are having platelet counts under- taken, though formerly this was not routine practice during palliative radiotherapy at low daily doses.We would be interested in any comments on these findings, but would suggest that if demecolcine plus radiotherapy is undertaken for superior mediastinal obstruction careful check should be kept on platelets as well as white blood count.
Ultraviolet AI exposure of human skin results in Langerhans cell depletion and reduction of epidermal antigen-presenting cell function: partial protection by a broad-spectrum sunscreen
Authors: O. Dumay, A. Karam, L. Vian, D. Moyal, C. Hourseau, P. Stoebner, J.L. Peyron, J. Meynadier, J.P. Cano, L. Meunier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Ultraviolet (UV) B-induced effects on the skin immune system have been extensively investigated, but little is known regarding the immunological changes induced by UVA exposure of human skin. Recent data assessing the protection afforded by sunscreens against photoimmunosuppression stress the need for broad-spectrum sunscreens with an adequate UVA protection.The purpose of this study was first to determine the changes observed in epidermal Langerhans cells (ELC) density and epidermal antigen-presenting cell (APC) activity after exposure of human skin to UVAI (340-400 nm) radiation, and secondly to assess the immune protection afforded in vivo by a sunscreen formulation containing a long wavelength UVA filter with a low UVA protection factor (UVA-PF = 3).Epidermal cell (EC) suspensions were prepared from skin biopsies 3 days after exposure to a single dose of UVAI (either 30 or 60 J cm(-2)).Flow-cytometric analysis of EC suspensions revealed that exposure to 60 J cm(-2) UVAI resulted in a decreased number of ELC without infiltration of CD36+ DR+ CD1a- antigen-presenting macrophages into the epidermis, and a significant reduction of HLA-DR expression on viable ELC. In vivo exposure to both 30 and 60 J cm(-2) resulted in a decreased allogeneic CD4+ T-cell proliferation induced by UVAI-irradiated ECs. The sunscreen application partially prevented (57 +/- 9%) the decrease in epidermal allogeneic APC activity induced by 60 J cm(-2) UVAI.In vivo UVAI exposure of human skin results in a decreased number of ELC and in a downregulation of epidermal APC activity. This last effect is partially prevented by prior application of a sunscreen with a low UVAI-PF value. These results indicate that increasing the absorption of UV filters for long UVA wavelengths may lead to an improved immune protection.
Evolution of the copia retrotransposon in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup
Authors: I. K. Jordan, J. F. McDonald
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

We report the results of a phylogenetic survey of the retrotransposon copia in the melanogaster subgroup of the Drosophila genus. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the copia 5' long terminal repeat and the adjacent untranslated leader region from representative melanogaster subgroup species. Restriction and sequence analyses of this region reveal discrete classes of copia size variants within the melanogaster subgroup. Phylogenetic comparisons of copia sequence data indicate that the size variants represent different copia subfamilies which diverged prior to their distribution in the melanogaster subgroup. Our results also suggest that copia elements have been subject to horizontal and vertical transmission during their evolution.
The cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: A K Agarwal, W C Peppelman, D R Kraus, C H Eisenbeis
Journal: BMJ (1993)

more than two hours previously.The management of young children is more difficult-most episodes are poison scares rather than true poisonings.Rather than give young children charcoal immediately on presentation, we suggest confining it to the few who develop symptoms-in a dose sufficient to increase elimination of the drug.Repeated doses of oral activated charcoal have not yet been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality.Further studies are required to establish its place and the dose to be given.Until these data are available, severely poisoned adults should be given 150-200 g through a nasogastric tube over 4-8 hours with the aims of achieving a maximum reduction in elimina- tion half life and an improvement in the clinical state.The total dose given is probably more important than the fre- quency of dosing.
Association Between Severe Portal Hypertension and Risk of Liver Decompensation in Patients With Hepatitis C, Regardless of Response to Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Sabela Lens, Diego Rincón, Montserrat García-Retortillo, Agustín Albillos, Jose Luis Calleja, Rafael Bañares, Juan González Abraldes, Jaume Bosch, Jose Maria Sanchez-Tapias, Xavier Forns, Juan Carlos García-Pagán
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
A cellular basis for atrial fibrillation: Sinus node-like tissue in the pulmonary veins of humans
Authors: Alejandro C. Perez-Lugones, James T. McMahon, Norman B. Ratliff, Nassir F. Marrouche, Eduardo Saad, Patrick J. Tchou, Michelle Williams-Andrews, JoséL. Navia, Patrick M. McCarthy, A. Marc Gillinov, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A NEW PHOROMETER.
Authors: JOHN O. McREYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In the department of ophthalmology no line of research in recent years has attracted so much attention as that pertaining to the extrinsic muscles of the eye. And in view of this rapidly growing importance of an accurate knowledge of the various anomalies of the ocular muscles, it becomes necessary to employ as aids in diagnosis instruments of the greatest precision and convenient of manipulation. This demand has been met in part by several devices invented for this purpose, but some of the best of these in frequent use have covered only a portion of the field of inquiry. Without offering any extended criticism on the very excellent instruments already introduced, I should like to present to the profession a phorometer, which in my judgment will combine every essential feature that could with reason be desired.  This instrument has been made for me by F. A. Hardy & Co. of
Release of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐inhibiting activity by normal human postthymic precursor cells
Authors: X. López‐Karpovitch, M. R. Padrós‐Semorile, R. Rojas, L. Martínez‐Sánchez
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Seven normal human peripheral blood cell fractions (buffy coat, mononuclear cells, non‐T, T, Fc‐IgM receptor‐depleted T‐lymphocyte, Fc‐IgG receptor‐depleted T‐lymphocyte, and autologous rosette‐forming T‐cell‐depleted T‐lymphocyte subpopulations) treated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were examined for the production of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating activity (CSA). It was found that medium conditioned by a T‐lymphocyte subpopulation depleted of autologous rosette‐forming T‐cells (Tar cells, a postthymic precursor subpopulation that inhibits Ig synthesis) stimulated colony‐forming units of granulocyte and macrophages (CFU‐GM) to a greater extent than did the other conditioned media (CM) analyzed. Based on this finding, CM from an enriched Tar subpopulation was prepared and thus showed that PHA‐treated Tar cells release a factor capable of inhibiting CFU‐GM growth. The inhibitory activity of this factor persisted after heat inactivation, suggesting that cause of the colony‐inhibiting activity (CIA) is other than interferon. Further studies revealed that Tar‐derived inhibitory factor acts either directly upon CFU‐GM or via monocytes/macrophages (Mϕ/Ma), enhancing CIA, and not the level of CSA production by Mϕ/Ma. The overall data are interpreted as demonstrating the presence of CIA in a specific T‐lymphocyte subpopulation that may represent a new relationship between lymphocytic and myelocytic systems in the human.
Granular cell myoblastoma of the oesophagus
Authors: G. L. Larsen, R. G. Armstrong, W. Stanford, R. E. Cline
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Larsen, G. L., Armstrong, R. G., Stanford, W., and Cline, R. E. (1973).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 641-643. <b>Granular cell myoblastoma of the oesophagus.</b> During evaluation of symptoms of oesophageal reflux in a 40-year-old man, a filling defect of the distal oesophagus was seen on the oesophagogram, and this was noted to be a submucosal mass at oesophagoscopy. He also had an oesophageal hiatus hernia. The lesion proved to be a granular cell myoblastoma, a rarity in the oesophagus, only 11 previous cases having been reported. Symptomatology evaluation and management of granular cell myoblastoma of the oesophagus are discussed. As with other submucosal lesions of the oesophagus, preoperative biopsy through an intact mucosa is to be avoided because of danger to the patient from haemorrhage or perforation and subsequent inflammatory reaction making surgical resection and microscopic diagnosis difficult.
Tumor-free heart repair
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Tissue regeneration without tumor formation may soon be within reach, at least for heart repair. On page 405, Behfar et al. report that embryonic stem (ES) cells preprogrammed to mature into cardiomyocytes can fix injured hearts in vivo without seeding tumors.






Figure 1

Tumors form in hearts injected with undifferentiated ES cells (top) but not when ES cells are predifferentiated (bottom).




Directing ES cells to become a particular tissue type in vivo is an inefficient process. Consequently, transplanted ES cell populations may give rise to tumors in recipient hosts. Behfar et al. reasoned that delivery of partially differentiated ES cells may result in safe outcome provided that a modulator of differentiation shuts down troublesome tumor pathways.

When ES cells are delivered in vivo, their tumorigenicity is reduced in mice that suffer heart attacks. This is associated with TNF production. But TNF had not been tested for its ability to direct cardiomyocyte differentiation, although ES cells do express receptors for TNF. So the authors wondered whether TNF-driven signaling would be enough to guide cells into a differentiation pathway and thus prevent tumors in ES cell recipient mice.

The team engineered mice to express high levels of TNF in their hearts, and found that the transfer of undifferentiated ES cells did not lead to tumor formation. When ES cells were treated with TNF-induced supernatants in vitro, they not only expressed genes necessary for heart function but also down-regulated oncogenes as they differentiated into cardiac progenitor cells. In mice induced to suffer heart-attacks, these cells integrated into heart muscle, repaired scar tissue, and improved heart function.

TNF reduced the risk of tumor development by inducing the secretion of pro-cardiogenic factors including TGFβ. TGFβ also suppresses host immunity and may therefore reduce the likelihood of rejection of ES-derived cells. The effect of this immunosuppression on the weakened heart's ability to fight infections is not yet clear, so the team plans to test autologous stem cells derived from the host's own bone marrow. This option may remove the need for immunosuppression and improve the safety of stem cell therapy.
Sudden Collapse in Infantile Eczema Treated with Cortisone
Authors: C. W. Marsden, J. K. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1955)

MEDICAL MEMORANDABwouH 659 in infants at this time, since it may appear with remarkable rapidity.It is suggested that disappearance of the skin lesions to a greater degree than that to be reasonably ex- pected from routine therapy may be a valuable warning sign, and that a rise in the respiratory rate to 60 a minute or over, without evidence of chest or other disease, is a signal for urgent therapy.Cortisone appears to be a rational therapeutic approach in eczema collapse.