tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis A Infection in Chronic Carriers of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Reinhart Zachoval, Michael Roggendorf, Friedrich Deinhardt
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

By routine screening for serologic markers of hepatitis A and B in patients with acute hepatitis, 30 chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus with serologic evidence of acute hepatitis A and two patients with simultaneous acute infection with hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus were detected. For evaluation of clinical data, two major risk groups were distinguished. Nine patients were drug addicts and 17 were children and young adults from Mediterranean countries or southeast Asia. During the acute phase of illness, serum bilirubin and SGPT levels did not differ from those in other patients with acute hepatitis A. In three patients for whom follow-up sera were available, HBsAg concentration decreased during the acute stage of hepatitis A.
Affinity Sensor: A New Technique for Developing Implantable Sensors for Glucose and Other Metabolites
Authors: Jerome S Schultz, Sohrab Mansouri, Irwin J Goldstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

We describe affinity sensors for monitoring various metabolites in blood plasma by optical means. The principle of detection is similar to that used in radioimmunoassays and is based on the competitive binding of a particular metabolite and a fluorescein-labeled analogue with receptor sites specific for the metabolite and the labeled ligand. This concept has been directed toward the development of an affinity sensor for glucose. Concanavalin A, a protein with specific binding character for glucose, was immobilized on the inside surface of a hollow dialysis fiber. Fluorescein-labeled dextran was selected as the competitive labeled ligand. The molecular weight cutoff of the dialysis fiber is low enough to completely retain the 70,000 MW dextran within the fiber lumen while glucose can freely pass through the dialysis membrane. The sensor is completed by inserting a single optical fiber in the lumen of the dialysis fiber, thus allowing measurement of the unbound FITC-dextran. Preliminary tests of the sensor indicated the feasibility of the approach. Sensitivity to glucose in the physiologic range was obtained, but further work will be required to optimize the sensitivity and response time of the sensor.
The GNB3 C825T polymorphism affects response to HCV therapy with pegylated interferon in HCV/HIV co-infected but not in HCV mono-infected patients
Authors: Golo Ahlenstiel, Hans Dieter Nischalke, Karin Bueren, Thomas Berg, Martin Vogel, Michael Biermer, Frank Grünhage, Tilman Sauerbruch, Jürgen Rockstroh, Ulrich Spengler, Jacob Nattermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Elizabethans on Melancholia
Authors: Ilza Veith
Journal: JAMA (1970)

I have been walking alone in the garden of Pembroke Lodge, and it has produced a mood of almost unbearable melancholia." These words were used by Bertrand Earl Russell in the third volume of his fascinating autobiography, and perhaps no other phrase could better convey to the reader Lord Russell's emotional state at the time of the writing. Although "melancholia" is a well-known word in daily language and in literature, in psychiatric writings it has been supplanted by such technical terms as "depressive reaction," "affective disorder," or even "psychotic depressive reaction." In contrast to these recent terms, the word and concept of melancholia date back to the Greek ancestry of Western medicine. At the time of Hippocrates, observed mood changes were related to the four humors (black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood), the preponderance or deficiency of which could determine a specific temperament or personality type in making a
Prevalence of antibodies to poliovirus in 1978 among subjects aged 0-88 years.
Authors: M Roebuck, R Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The antibody state of a population aged 6 months to 88 years to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 was determined by examining 919 sera collected in Lancashire, London, and southern and south-east England. In subjects aged over 2 years the immune state was surprisingly uniform, although the older patients had probably acquired practically all their antibodies as a result of natural infection and those under 16 through vaccination. at least 95% had detectable antibodies to at least one poliovirus type and about 60% to all three types, with the exception of a cohort of children born between 1963 and 1968, in whom the proportions were about 80% and 40% respectively. These children were born around the time of the changeover from inactivated to oral vaccine, when immunisation rates were low and there was confusion over the number of doses required. These results indicate that a complete course of vaccine or a booster dose at or around school-leaving age is necessary.
Tc-99m–Labeled RBC Scintigraphy and Splenic Hemangioma
Authors: Johan Wijaya, Rony Kapoor, Paul Roach
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of RBC scintigraphy in the evaluation of possible splenic hemangioma.RBC scintigraphy was performed on a patient with an incidental finding of a splenic mass on computed tomographic scanning. Early and delayed planar and SPECT images were obtained.Delayed images revealed blood pooling of the splenic mass. This finding is similar to the characteristics seen in RBC scintigraphy for hepatic hemangioma.RBC scintigraphy may be useful in the evaluation of possible splenic hemangioma.
A lipoprotein lipase mutation (Asn291Ser) is associated with reduced HDL cholesterol levels in premature atherosclerosis
Authors: Paul W.A. Reymer, Eric Gagné, Bjorn E. Groenemeyer, Hanfang Zhang, Ian Forsyth, Hans Jansen, Jaap C. Seidell, Daan Kromhout, Kong E. Lie, Johannes Kastelein, Michael R. Hayden
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Renal Artery Stenosis in a Solitary Functioning Kidney
Authors: MYRON H. WEINBERGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

In five patients with hypertension and marked impairment of renal function due to renal artery stenosis in a solitary functioning kidney, a nonsurgical technique, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, was used to dilate the stenotic renal artery. Blood pressure improved in all five patients, and renal function improved in three. One patient subsequently died of multiple cardiovascular complications, and in one patient the procedure resulted in acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. Although preliminary, this experience suggests that percutaneous transluminal angioplasty may provide an attractive alternative to surgery in severely ill patients at high surgical risk.
435. Functional and Morphological Rescue of the Type I Ocular Albinism Murine Retina Following AAV-Mediated Gene Transfer
Authors: Enrico M. Surace, Luciano Domenici, Katia Cortese, Consuelo Venturi, Gabriella Cotugno, Umberto Di Vicino, Alessandro Cellerino, Valeria Marigo, Carlo Tacchetti, Andrea Ballabio, Alberto Auricchio
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

X-linked recessive Type I Ocular Albinism (OA1) is a developmental disorder of the retina due to mutations in the OA1 gene expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The disease is characterized by foveal hypoplasia, misrouting of the optic fibers at the chiasm and RPE ultrastructural abnormalities. The Oa1 -/- mouse recapitulates many of the OA1 retinal morphological anomalies including a lower number of melanosomes of increased size in the RPE. To test the functionality of the Oa1 -/- retina we measured by electrophysiological methods its ability to dark adapt, which is impaired in forms of albinism other than OA1. Control C57/BL6 mice showed a characteristic kinetic of recovery of the b-wave amplitude within 60 min following exposure to a pre-adapting saturating light. In contrast, the recovery of photoreceptor responses was significantly delayed in Oa1 -/- mice. To test whether Adeno-Associated-Vector-(AAV) mediated Oa1 gene transfer was able to revert this functional abnormality and the characteristic melanosome landmarks of the Oa1 phenotype, two groups of animals at different ages were injected subretinally with a mixture of AAV2/1-CMV-Oa1+AAV2/1-EGFP in the right eye and the same amount of AAV2/1-CMV-EGFP in the left eye. Dark adaptation in both eyes and groups was analyzed 1 month after gene transfer. The Oa1 -/- eyes that received only EGFP showed a delayed ability to dark adapt similar to the eyes of untreated Oa1 mutant mice. In the eyes that received the therapeutic vector the recovery was complete in 60 min: as in wild type animals. Electron microscopy analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of melanosomes in the RPE of the retina treated precociously with AAV. Our results suggest that post-natal Oa1 gene transfer in mice rescues some of the functional and morphological abnormalities that develop in the Oa1 -/- retina.
Thyroid hormone (T3)-modification of polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-polyethyleneimine (PEI) graft copolymers for improved gene delivery to hepatocytes
Authors: Carsten Rudolph, Nathalie Sieverling, Ulrike Schillinger, Eugenia Lesina, Christian Plank, Andreas F. Thünemann, Hubert Schönberger, Joseph Rosenecker
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Iron chelation with deferasirox in adult and pediatric patients with thalassemia major: efficacy and safety during 5 years' follow-up
Authors: M. Domenica Cappellini, Mohamed Bejaoui, Leyla Agaoglu, Duran Canatan, Marcello Capra, Alan Cohen, Guillermo Drelichman, Marina Economou, Slaheddine Fattoum, Antonis Kattamis, Yurdanur Kilinc, Silverio Perrotta, Antonio Piga, John B. Porter, Louis Griffel, Victor Dong, Joan Clark, Yesim Aydinok
Journal: Blood (2011)
c-Jun Decreases Voltage-Gated K <sup>+</sup> Channel Activity in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Ying Yu, Oleksandr Platoshyn, Jifeng Zhang, Stefanie Krick, Ying Zhao, Lewis J. Rubin, Abraham Rothman, Jason X.-J. Yuan
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Activity of voltage-gated K + (K v ) channels controls membrane potential (E m ) that regulates cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] cyt ) by regulating voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel function. A rise in [Ca 2+ ] cyt in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) triggers vasoconstriction and stimulates PASMC proliferation. Whether c-Jun, a transcription factor that stimulates cell proliferation, affects K v channel activity in PASMCs was investigated. Methods and Results Infection of primary cultured PASMCs with an adenoviral vector expressing c-jun increased the protein level of c-Jun and reduced K v currents ( I K(V) ) compared with control cells (infected with an empty adenovirus). Using single-cell reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, we observed that the mRNA level of Kv1.5 and the current density of I K(V) were both attenuated in c-jun –infected PASMCs compared with control cells and cells infected with antisense c-jun . Overexpression of c-Jun also upregulated protein expression of Kvβ 2 and accelerated I K(V) inactivation. Furthermore, E m was more depolarized and [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation was greater in PASMCs infected with c-jun than in control cells and cells infected with antisense c-jun . Conclusions These results suggest that c-Jun–mediated PASMC proliferation is associated with a decrease in I K(V) . The resultant membrane depolarization increases [Ca 2+ ] cyt and enhances PASMC growth.
Characteristics of Adolescents with Poorly Controlled Diabetes Referred to a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Donald P Orr, Michael P Golden, Gayle Myers, David G Marrero
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The medical and psychosocial findings concerning 15 adolescents with poorly controlled diabetes referred to a tertiary center are reviewed. While referring physicians usually attributed poor metabolic control to an unusual idiosyncratic pathophysiologic aspect of diabetes, all patients were managed by conventional treatment regimens. Psychosocial problems, including excessive school absence, depression, and social isolation were frequent in this population, and in eight families emotional factors appeared to contribute to the development and persistence of poor metabolic control. Eight patients accepted psychosocial intervention consisting of individual, family, and/or group counseling. Not one of the patients has been hospitalized for ketoacidosis in the subsequent 12-18-mo period, and their psychosocial functioning as adolescents is improved. Hemoglobin A1c levels remained elevated. Psychosocial factors in adolescents experiencing poor metabolic control should be addressed.
Dissecting aortic aneurysm and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Authors: J Scott, D R Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1977)

swelling of the legs.He was treated with rifampicin and dapsone from the outset, his reaction being controlled by prednisolone and thalidomide.Progress was uneventful, and nine weeks later leg oedema had virtually dis- appeared, superficial veins were normal, and he could breathe freely through his nose for the first time in several years.
P08.13 * THE OCCURENCE OF DE NOVO IPSILATERAL DURAL METASTASES AFTER RESECTION OF A SINGLE BRAIN METASTASES
Authors: A. G. H. Niezink, J. M. C. van Dijk, H. L. van der Weide, M. A. A. M. Heesters
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Since the publication of the EORTC trial that investigated the value of standard WBRT after resection or radiosurgery of brain metastases, the policy of deferring WBRT or to give local stereotactic radiotherapy to the resection cavity only is increasingly applied. At our institute we also have adapted our treatment protocol following the new policy. Hence, patients with resection after brain metastases are treated with either local stereotactic radiotherapy or a wait and scan policy . As all our radiosurgery patients are routinely followed with scheduled MRI we noted in several cases the occurrence of de novo dural metastases. METHODS: From January 2010 to February 2014 a total of 268 patient with brain metastases were treated radiosurgically at our institute. Of these, 43 patients (16%) had a craniotomy with a resection followed by radiosurgery. On follow up MRI, 7 of these 43 cases showed de novo multiple dural metastases confined to the side of the brain on which the surgery had been performed. No contralateral metastases were observed. In 1 additional case the ipsilateral dural metastases appeared on the postoperative planning MRI which was performed in preparing for the radiosurgery treatment. Primary tumors were breast (4), kidney (1), NSCLC (1), sarcoma (1), colon (1). Analysis of the surgical report showed that all 8 patients (3%) were operated for a superficial metastases. This suggest that spillage of tumor cells in the subdural space during the surgical procedure may account for this phenomenon. To our knowledge this finding is not reported in the literature. CONCLUSION: We report on the presentation of de novo dural metastases after surgical resection of a single metastases that are exclusively restricted to the side of the surgical cavity. This phenomenon is to be further confirmed, but may have therapeutic consequences e.g. reinstituting WBRT after resection of metastases.
Psychotherapy by Counter-Manipulation
Authors: JAMES M. KRAININ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Manipulation of the therapist by the patient can sometimes be effectively handled by the therapist's counter-manipulating. The author presents three case reports of patients who manifested behavior that was pathologic but that was perhaps the best immediate solution to altering the patients' current situation. In two cases, the therapist's counter-manipulations were therapeutic; in the third, the therapist acted to validate the patient's pathology with antitherapeutic results.
Development of an HIV-Based cDNA expression cloning system
Authors: Marc van Maanen, Jennie K Tidwell, Lawrence A Donehower, Richard E Sutton
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Expression cloning of cDNAs is a powerful tool with which to identify genes based on their specific functional properties. Here we describe the development of a cDNA library transfer system based on the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV). This system represents an improvement over current oncoretroviral cDNA expression systems in terms of target cell range and the inclusion of a selectable marker. By use of a simple packaging system, we were able to produce high-titer vector stocks from HIV vector-based cDNA libraries and demonstrate highly efficient cDNA expression cloning in three model experiments. First, HOS TK(-) cells, which are null for thymidine kinase (TK) expression, were transduced with an HIV-based cDNA library derived from primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and functionally selected for TK expression. In a second experiment, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-1-deficient (HPRT(-)) fibroblasts were transduced with a T cell (PM1) line-derived cDNA library and selected for HPRT expression. Both TK (frequency 1 in 5.0 x 10(4)) and HPRT (frequency 1 in 2.0 x 10(4)) cDNAs were readily isolated from these HIV-based cDNA libraries. As a third example, we demonstrated the ability of this vector system to allow functional cDNA library screens to be performed in primary, mitotically inactive cell types. Using senescent HFFs as a target cell population, we were able to isolate SV40 large T antigen cDNA-containing clones (frequency 1 in 2.5 x 10(4)) based on their ability to overcome the senescence-induced block to cell proliferation. Thus, this system can be used to clone relatively low-abundance cDNAs based upon their expression. Because of the ability of HIV-based vectors to transduce primary and nondividing cells efficiently, this vector system will further broaden the range of cell types in which expression cloning studies can be performed.
Morphometry of human coronary capillaries during normal growth and the effect of age in left ventricular pressure-overload hypertrophy.
Authors: K Rakusan, M F Flanagan, T Geva, J Southern, R Van Praagh
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND In adults, acquired pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy can result in myocardial ischemia, which may be due in part to insufficient capillary growth during development of hypertrophy. The coronary microvascular response to congenital pressure-overload hypertrophy in children has not been previously characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS Average capillary density and heterogeneity of capillary spacing were measured in 63 postmortem human hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy and control hearts without heart disease. Pathology specimens were chosen that had left ventricular hypertrophy caused by 1) congenital isolated aortic valve stenosis in infants less than 1 year old at death, children 9-14 years old, and adults 15-30 years old; 2) congenital isolated coarctation of the aorta in adults 15-39 years old; and 3) acquired aortic stenosis in adults 51-86 years old. Major findings of the study were: 1) Human left ventricular capillary density and heterogeneity of capillary spacing are similar to other mammalian species. 2) Capillary density is higher in infants (3,315 +/- 85 capillaries per square millimeter), decreases with increasing heart weight during normal growth in early childhood (children, 2,388 +/- 75 capillaries per square millimeter, p less than 0.05), and thereafter remains relatively constant. 3) Capillary density with left ventricular hypertrophy is dependent on the age of onset. Congenital aortic stenosis and coarctation are characterized by an increase in capillary supply proportional to myocyte volume, maintaining capillary density similar to control hearts. Adults with acquired aortic stenosis have decreased capillary density (1,671 +/- 66 capillaries per square millimeter, p less than 0.01 versus control). CONCLUSIONS Pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy in children demonstrates proportional capillary angiogenesis, whereas in adults, hypertrophy appears to be associated with failure of compensatory angiogenesis.
M cells and transmural heterogeneity of action potential configuration in myocytes from the left ventricular wall of the pig heart
Authors: Tania Stankovicova, Monika Szilard, I De Scheerder, Karin R Sipido
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Heterogeneity of action potential configuration in the left ventricle (LV), and the contribution of M cells to it, has been observed in the human heart and is important for arrhythmogenesis. Whether the pig heart has similar properties remains a controversial but important issue as the pig heart is currently under study for use in xenotransplantation. Methods: Single myocytes were enzymatically isolated from the epicardium (EPI, ncells=29), midmyocardium (MID, ncells=38), and endocardium (ENDO, ncells=13) of the free LV wall (npigs=26, 14–22 weeks old, 55–80 kg), and studied at different stimulation rates during whole-cell recording (normal Tyrode's solution, K+-aspartate-based pipette solution, 50 μM K5fluo-3 as [Ca2+]i indicator, 37°C). Standard six-lead ECGs were recorded from anesthetized pigs. Results: The action potential duration (APD) was not significantly different at 0.25 Hz vs. 2 Hz for the majority of cells in all three layers. However, a subpopulation of cells behaved like M cells and had a very steep frequency response (APD90 at 0.25 Hz 538±30 ms, vs. 337±9 ms at 2 Hz, P<0.05, n=22). These cells were found predominantly in the MID layer (34% of cells), but also (24%) in EPI. M cells had a more pronounced spike-and-dome configuration, with a significantly larger phase 1 magnitude and plateau voltage. The frequency response of these parameters was different from the other cell types. [Ca2+]i transients tended to be larger in M cells. For the in vivo ECG of anesthetized pigs, the QT time was close to the APD90 of M cells, and J waves were seen in 7/12 recordings. Conclusions: In young adult pigs, M cells can be identified by a steep frequency response of the APD and by a spike-and-dome configuration. These cells are mostly, but not exclusively, found in the midmyocardium, and could contribute to the ECG characteristics. Their properties may however be different from those of other species, including humans.
The Boards: Pass/Fail or a Number?-Reply
Authors: Philip A. Korzeniowski
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  Dr Berryhill presents an intriguing analysis of the selection process, scholastic excellence, and moral development. He believes that from entry into medical school, all are equal and test scores are therefore meaningless. In theory he is correct; in reality he is naive.  A major reason for my support of numerical US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores is the appalling belief among some medical students that, once accepted into medical school, C equals MD. This lazy and cavalier attitude breeds inept, inferior physicians who have studied only the bare minimum in order to pass the medical school curriculum. Numerical USMLE scores would force these slackers to either put their noses to the grindstone or face a poor test score and the prospect of a less desirable residency. I emphasize the wordprospectbecause there are multiple residency selection criteria (see below).  It is unfortunate that some excellent candidates are
NEPHROPEXY BY MEANS OF A FASCIAL HAMMOCK
Authors: David R. Melen
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Nephroptosis is one of the commonest diseases of mankind or, perhaps it would be better to say, womankind. Keyes,<sup>1</sup>in his table of frequency, quoting various authors, gives it as between 4 and 56 per cent for all women, and as between 0.5 and 4 per cent for men. A fair average would be about 10 per cent for women and 1 per cent for men. The condition is much commoner in women who weigh under 120 pounds (55 Kg.) than in women who are in excess of that weight. Of the women who have nephroptosis, only one in ten has symptoms referable to it. As has been pointed out many times, nephroptosis is not part of a general visceroptosis. Deming<sup>2</sup>and Kelly<sup>3</sup>discuss and emphasize this point. Symptoms are classified under, first, nonsymptomatic nephroptosis; second, symptoms referable to the kidney region, such as discomfort, pressure or