tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Therapeutic Improvements and 28-Day Case Fatality in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction Between 1978 and 1993 in the REGICOR Study, Gerona, Spain
Authors: M. Gil, J. Marrugat, J. Sala, R. Masiá, R. Elosua, X. Albert, A. Pena, J. Vila, M. Pavesi, G. Pérez
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The aim of this study was to analyze 28-day case fatality trends between 1978 and 1993 among hospitalized acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in the REGICOR registry, Gerona, Spain, and relate them to thrombolytic and antiplatelet drug use and changes in patient characteristics. Methods and Results —A total of 2053 consecutive patients 25 to 74 years of age with a first Q-wave AMI admitted to the reference hospital between 1978 and 1993 were registered. Clinical characteristics and patient management were recorded. Four 4-year periods were considered: 1978 to 1981, 1982 to 1985 (prethrombolytic therapy), 1986 to 1989 (thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs introduced), and 1990 to 1993 (thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs used routinely). The end point was death at 28 days. Case fatality at 28 days decreased 6% per year between 1978 and 1993. A logistic model adjusted for comorbidity and severity showed the last 3 periods to present a steep decrease in the OR of death at 28 days: 0.86 (95% CI, 0.52 to 1.41), 0.59 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.99), and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.69), respectively, compared with the first period. After 1986, 85.7% of the 112 lives saved could be attributed to the use of antiplatelet and thrombolytic drugs. Adjusted relative risk reduction was 56.0% for antiplatelet drugs, 34.1% for thrombolytic drugs, and 77.9% for the 2 combined. Conclusions —Our results strongly suggest that new therapies introduced since 1986 have contributed to the decrease in 28-day case fatality of patients admitted with a first Q-wave AMI. This decrease could be attributable mainly to the use of antiplatelet and thrombolytic drugs. These findings should encourage the routine use of thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs and particularly their combination in the acute phase of AMI.
Fever and a Solitary Papule on the Foot
Authors: Stephanie D. Gan, Meera Mahalingam, Daniel D. Miller
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
NHS England postpones roll-out of care.data programme by six months
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To guide family physicians in creating preventive screening and treatment plans for their elderly patients. <h3>Sources of information</h3> The MEDLINE database was searched for Canadian guidelines on primary health care and the elderly; guidelines or meta-analyses or practice guidelines or systematic reviews related to mass screening in those aged 80 and older and the frail elderly, limited to between 2006 and July 2016; and articles on preventive health services for the elderly related to family practice or family physicians, limited to English-language publications between 2012 and July 2016. <h3>Main message</h3> Estimating life expectancy is not an easy or precise science, but frailty is an emerging concept that can help with this. The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care offers cancer screening guidelines, but they are less clear for patients older than 74 years and management plans need to be individualized. Estimating remaining years of life helps guide your recommendations for preventive screening and treatment plans. Risks often increase along with an increase in frailty and comorbidity. Conversely, benefits often diminish as life expectancy decreases. Preventive management plans should take into account the patient’s perspective and be mutually agreed upon. A mnemonic device for key primary care preventive areas—<i>CCFP</i>, short for cancer, cardiovascular disease, falls and osteoporosis, and preventive immunizations—might be useful. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Family physicians might find addressing the following areas helpful when considering a preventive health intervention: age, life expectancy (including concept of frailty), comorbidities and functional status, risks and benefits of screening or treatment, and values and preferences of the patient.
Cardiovascular Devices and Their Applications
Authors: A. A. Luisada
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book may well fill a gap in the medical literature. It starts with a survey of medical devices, both diagnostic and therapeutic. Chapters 2 to 4 deal with direct and indirect blood pressure measurement, clinical methods for measuring cardiac output and blood flow, and the technique of angioplasty. Among methods of measuring of cardiac output, impedance cardiography is described in detail. Cardiac catheterization and cardiac shunts are discussed next. Cardiac stroke, cardiac work, and cardiac power are analyzed and the common cardiac function tests discussed. In chapter 5 the author describes the cardiac valves, both natural and prosthetic, and in chapter 6 the intra-aortic balloon pump. Chapter 7 presents ECG theory and provides numerous examples including Hisbundles tracings. Pacemakers and defibrillators are discussed in chapters 8 and 9, while chapter 10 is devoted to electrical hazards. Certain topics are missing or too briefly discussed to be useful, such as
Delayed Ischemia Due to Cerebral Vasospasm Occult to Transcranial Doppler An Important Role for Cerebral Perfusion SPECT
Authors: DAVID H. LEWIS, DAVID W. NEWELL, H. RICHARD WINN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage is very common, but it is not universally detectable by transcranial Doppler. SPECT imaging of regional cerebral blood flow with Tc-99m exametazime serves as a complementary test to transcranial Doppler in the evaluation of patients at high risk for vasospasm. The significance of vasospasm, which may be underestimated by TCD, is readily identified with SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging.
The use of protein adducts to investigate the disposition of reactive metabolites of benzene.
Authors: S M Rappaport, T A McDonald, K Yeowell-O'Connell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Benzene is metabolized to a number of electrophilic species that are capable of binding to both DNA and proteins. We used adducts of hemoglobin (Hb) and bone marrow proteins to study the disposition of three benzene and metabolites (benzene oxide [BO], 1,2-benzoquinone [1,2-BQ], and 1,4-benzoquinone [1,4-BQ]) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following a single oral dosage of [13C6]benzene and/or [14C]benzene. Our assays focused upon cysteine adducts that accounted for 38 to 45% of protein binding to Hb and 63 to 81% of protein binding to bone marrow. Although both mice and rats showed dose-related increases in Hb and bone marrow protein adducts of BO and of the two benzoquinones, large intertissue and interspecies differences were noted, suggesting different preferences in metabolic pathways. The highest levels of adducts in mice were of 1,4-BQ (10-27% of all cysteine adducts), while in rats, BO adducts predominated in Hb (73% of all cysteine adducts) and 1,2-BQ adducts predominated in the bone marrow (14% of all cysteine adducts). High background levels of 1,2-BQ and 1,4-BQ adducts were also detected in both species, indicating that the toxic effects of quinone metabolites may only be important at high levels of benzene exposure.
Significance of the angiographic morphology of localized coronary stenoses: histopathologic correlations.
Authors: D C Levin, J T Fallon
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Postmortem coronary angiographic morphology was correlated with histologic sections of 73 localized subtotal coronary artery stenoses (50-99% reduction of luminal diameter) to determine whether complicated or uncomplicated atherosclerotic lesions could be detected angiographically. Lesions were divided into two types, according to angiographic morphology: Type I stenoses had smooth borders, an hourglass configurations, and no intraluminal lucencies; type II stenoses had irregular borders or intraluminal lucencies. Histologic sections were also divided into two types: "uncomplicated" stenoses had fatty or fibrous plaques with intact intimal surfaces and no superimposed thrombus; "complicated" stenoses manifested plaque rupture, plaque hemorrhage, superimposed partially occluding thrombus, or recanalized thrombus. Among 35 lesions with type I angiographic morphology, four (11.4%) were complicated lesions histologically. Among the 38 stenoses showing type II angiographic morphology, 30 (78.9%) were complicated lesions. Postmortem angiography thus had a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 79% for detecting complicated stenoses on the basis of irregular borders or intraluminal lucencies. Pathologic studies have shown that acute occlusive thrombosis of a coronary artery is usually associated with complicated atherosclerotic stenoses. Thus, complicated lesions represent a greater risk factor for acute myocardial infarction or sudden death than do uncomplicated lesions. This study suggests that coronary stenoses characterized angiographically by irregular borders or intraluminal lucencies are probably the clinically more dangerous "complicated" type.
Rotavirus vaccine is effective in developing countries
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

An oral vaccine that has the potential to prevent most life threatening rotavirus infections has been shown to be safe and effective in both developing and developed countries. Concern has been raised, however, that it might be prohibitively expensive for the nations that need it most.

Infectious diarrhoea is a leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are an estimated 130 million cases of diarrhoea caused by rotavirus each year-18 million of which are classed as severe-resulting in 873000 deaths annually.

Several studies have shown that a live attenuated vaccine incorporating the four rotavirus serotypes that cause most of the illness in humans is …
Education of the Diabetic Patient
Authors: Frank N. Allan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SUCCESSFUL management of a chronic disorder depends not only on the treatment prescribed by the physician but also on the instruction given the patient to enable him to follow directions and to prepare him to meet changing conditions, including possible emergencies. Education of the patient with diabetes can be vitally important: it not only can ensure success in restoring and maintaining his health but also may be the means of saving his life.The American Diabetes Association, through a special committee, has undertaken to promote more systematic instruction of diabetic patients, and has proposed a nine-point checklist. The physician who . . .
Hidden scabies: diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: G. Bezold, M. Lange, R. Schiener, G. Palmedo, C.A. Sander, M. Kerscher, R.U. Peter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Hidden scabies: diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction Get access G. Bezold, G. Bezold Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany *Laboratory for Dermatohistopathology, Friedrichshafen, Germany †Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Lange, M. Lange Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany *Laboratory for Dermatohistopathology, Friedrichshafen, Germany †Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Schiener, R. Schiener Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany *Laboratory for Dermatohistopathology, Friedrichshafen, Germany †Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Palmedo, G. Palmedo Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany *Laboratory for Dermatohistopathology, Friedrichshafen, Germany †Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.A. Sander, C.A. Sander Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany *Laboratory for Dermatohistopathology, Friedrichshafen, Germany †Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Kerscher, M. Kerscher Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany *Laboratory for Dermatohistopathology, Friedrichshafen, Germany †Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.U. Peter R.U. Peter Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany *Laboratory for Dermatohistopathology, Friedrichshafen, Germany †Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 3, 1 March 2001, Pages 614–618, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04096.x Published: 01 March 2001
Basement Membrane Changes in Myocardial and Skeletal Muscle Capillaries in Myxedema
Authors: P. M. MCFADDEN, G. S. BERENSON
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Nineteen dogs were given 131 I and later administered appropriate amounts of methimazole or propylthiouracil daily. Over a period of 4-7 years several developed severe clinical features of myxedema. The myocardium and skeletal muscle of these severely myxedematous dogs displayed an array of morphologic changes on an ultrastructural level. Particularly interesting was the two- to threefold increase in the thickness of the myxedematous capillary basement membranes over those of normals. Increased tortuosity, lamination, and perivascular fibrosis were also observed as part of the myxedematous changes. These studies also demonstrated severe microcellular modifications, such as mitochondrial disruption, loss of cristae, lipid inclusions, and the presence of myelin figures, all a part of the diffuse systemic cardiovascular connective tissue pathology in myxedema.
High Rate of Lymph-Node Metastasis in Submucosal Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinomas and Adenocarcinomas
Authors: E. Bollschweiler, S. E. Baldus, W. Schröder, K. Prenzel, C. Gutschow, P. M. Schneider, A. H. Hölscher
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aims: The application of endoscopic mucosectomy in early esophageal cancer is limited by the presence of lymph-node metastasis. The aim of this prospective study was to analyze the rate of lymph-node involvement relative to the depth of mucosal or submucosal tumor penetration, comparing squamous-cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Patients and methods: A total of 60 patients with pT1 esophageal cancer - 24 with squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 36 with adenocarcinomas - were treated with transthoracic en-bloc esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy (n = 50) or transhiatal esophageal resection (n = 10). An average of 30 lymph nodes were examined, and the following characteristics were evaluated: histology, mucosal infiltration, depth of submucosal wall infiltration in three thirds (sm1, sm2, sm3), grading, resection category, ratio of metastatic to resected lymph nodes, and locations of metastatic nodes. Results: The rates of lymph-node metastasis were 0 % for the 16 mucosal carcinomas and 45 % for the 44 submucosal carcinomas (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the extent of lymph-node involvement between submucosal adenocarcinomas (41 %) and submucosal SCCs (50 %). Sm1 carcinomas were associated with a lower rate of lymph-node metastasis (SCCs 33 %, adenocarcinomas 22 %) than sm3 carcinomas (SCCs 69 %, adenocarcinomas 78 %). Two patients (9 %) with submucosal SCCs and five patients (23 %) with submucosal adenocarcinomas were classified as having stage pM1 lymph. The average lymph-node ratio in patients with pN1 was 0.13 for adenocarcinomas and 0.1 for SCCs (difference not significant). In the multivariate analysis, the parameters mucosal vs. submucosal (P < 0.01) and G1/G2 vs. G3 (P < 0.05) showed a significant impact in relation to metastatic lymph nodes. Conclusions: The most important factor for predicting lymph-node metastasis in early esophageal cancer is the presence of submucosal infiltration. Early adenocarcinomas and SCCs do not differ with regard to their rate of lymphatic involvement. The rate of lymph-node metastasis increases with the depth of submucosal infiltration, but metastases can already occur in sm1 lesions. Submucosal infiltration is a contraindication for endoscopic mucosectomy. Limited surgical procedures without adequate lymphadenectomy do not appear to be appropriate in the treatment of patients with submucosal esophageal carcinomas.
Amiodarone Inhibits Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α by Human Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Akira Matsumori, Koh Ono, Ryosuke Nishio, Yoshisuke Nose, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Recent studies suggest that cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukins (ILs) are capable of modulating cardiovascular function and that drugs used in the treatment of heart failure have various modulatory effects on the production of cytokines. This study was performed to examine the effects of amiodarone (a drug shown to be beneficial in some patients suffering from heart failure) versus other antiarrhythmic agents on the production of cytokines in vitro. Methods and Results Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from healthy volunteers. PBMC were cultured with 0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/L of amiodarone, quinidine, disopyramide, and lidocaine in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. After 24 hours’ incubation, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured in the culture supernatants by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TNF-α production was inhibited by amiodarone but stimulated by quinidine in a concentration-dependent manner. Disopyramide and lidocaine tended to increase TNF-α production. IL-6 production was decreased by amiodarone in all concentrations but was increased significantly by disopyramide. Modulation of IL-1β production by amiodarone was biphasic and significantly increased at a concentration of 10 μmol/L. Conclusions These previously unrecognized immunomodulatory effects of amiodarone may contribute to its beneficial effects in heart failure patients.
A problem with ear piercing.
Authors: J Cockin, P Finan, M Powell
Journal: BMJ (1977)

each year, the incidence of smoking was considerably higher among the men than among the women.Type and amount of smoking-Of the 89 students who smoked at all at the time of the survey, 23 smoked less than one cigarette or one cigar a day.Of the remaining 66 regular smokers, 59 smoked only or mainly cigarettes, three only cigars, and four only or mainly a pipe.Only 22 students (5 3 % of the overall total) regularly smoked more than 15 cigarettes a day.Twelve were men, nine women, and one student did not state his or her sex.Age of starting to smoke-Of the total of 126 current and ex-smokers, 101
Individual Variation in Response to Drugs
Authors: A. J. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1937)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Challenges pertaining to the study of migrant health have been reported in medical and sociological literature. A literature review was thus conducted to gauge what research currently holds about the risk of non-communicable disease within migrant populations globally. The search strategy is outlined; CASP checklists were used to critically appraise articles, and the relevant data was synthesised and analysed. The research identifies several overarching quantitative themes regarding risk patterns. Recommendations are made.
Abstract 2464: Novel MMP-3 generated PTHrP peptides promote osteoblast proliferation: Implications for prostate to bone metastases
Authors: Jeremy S. Frieling, Lizzie Atomi Pamen, Conor C. Lynch
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Up to 90% of patients that succumb to prostate cancer will have evidence of bone metastasis. Prostate to bone metastases generate mixed lesions hallmarked by areas of extensive bone resorption and formation mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts respectively. Tumor derived PTHrP has been defined as a major molecule facilitating tumor-osteoblast interaction. Mature PTHrP is comprised of 36 amino-acids and new data from our lab has identified that MMP-3, one of several MMPs we have found highly expressed in the prostate cancer-bone microenvironment, can process PTHrP to yield novel distinct peptides. We posit that MMP-3 generated PTHrP peptides can have distinct biological effects on osteoblasts. Our results to date demonstrate that MMP-3 processes mature PTHrP to yield PTHrP1-16, PTHrP17-26, and PTHrP27-36 amino acid peptides in vitro as determined by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and MALDI-TOF analysis. Next, we determined the biological activity of the MMP-3 generated PTHrP peptides by treating osteoblast cell lines and examining differentiation and proliferation. We found using alizarin red staining that the MMP-3 generated PTHrP peptides did not impact osteoblast differentiation. However, analysis of cell proliferation, using an MTT assay, identified that the PTHrP1-16 peptide stimulated osteoblast proliferation over a 24-hour period. Follow-up studies revealed that the MMP-3 generated PTHrP1-16 fragment significantly enhanced phosphorylation of MAPK 42/44 and CREB, presumably via the PTHrP receptor, PTH1R. In conclusion, our data identify for the first time that PTHrP is an MMP substrate and that MMP-3 generated PTHrP peptide PTHrP1-16, can promote osteoblast proliferation. These findings suggest that MMP-3 expression in the prostate tumor microenvironment can potentially impact osteoblast expansion and may play a role in the generation of osteoblastic lesions that are commonly associated with prostate to bone metastases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2464. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2464