tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Settling the thymus: immigration requirements
Authors: Jason G. Cyster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Thymus settling by precursor cells is essential for the production of T cells, yet the immigration requirements are poorly defined. P-selectin and CC chemokine receptor-9 (CCR9) are involved, and settling is favored when existing residents have moved on. A new study strengthens the correlation between niche emptying and the induction of thymic P-selectin and CCR9 ligand, and provides evidence for feedback from the periphery to thymic P-selectin expression via sphingosine-1-phosphate.
Damaged laryngeal nerves in thyroid surgery.
Authors: E R Blay
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Effects of exertion on hormone secretion SIR,-We have already reported changes in plasma cortisol, testosterone, growth hormone, renin activity, and serum osmolality in a group of Finnish sportsmen who ran a non- competitive marathon over the classical course in Athens in October 1973.1-Asthese data suggested a correlation between physical fitness and changes in hormone profiles we investigated a similar group of nine amateur
Reduction of Hepatic Tetrahydrofolate and Inhibition of Exhalation of 14CO2 Formed from [Dimethylamino-14C]Aminopyrine in Nitrous Oxide-Treated Rats
Authors: Kurt A. Black, Viravan Virayotha, Thomas R. Tephly
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The exhalation of 14 CO 2 after the administration of [dimethylamino- 14 C]aminopyrine to an organism is assumed to reflect the demethylation of aminopyrine by hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity. The formaldehyde formed as a result of the demethylation of aminopyrine is then sequentially oxidized to formic acid and CO 2 . The last step in the pathway, i.e., formate oxidation, is dependent upon tetrahydrofolate; thus, factors which alter hepatic tetrahydrofolate potentially may modify 14 C-aminopyrine metabolism to 14 CO 2 in vivo. Exposure of rats to nitrous oxide (N 2 O) produces a significant reduction in hepatic tetrahydrofolate as a result of the inhibition of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:homocysteine methyltransferase activity (E.C. 2.1.1.13). In the present study, exposure of rats to N 2 O/O 2 (1:1) for 4 hr prior to the administration of 14 C-aminopyrine (40 or 400 Mmoles per kg) produced a 60% reduction in the peak rate of 14 CO 2 exhalation and a 45% decrease in the total 14 CO 2 exhaled within 2 hr. In control experiments, exposure of rats to nitrogen/O 2 (1:1) produced no effect on 14 C-aminopyrine metabolism to 14 CO 2 . Administration of methionine (1.3 mmoles per kg) 30 min prior to 14 C-aminopyrine administration reversed the inhibition of 14 CO 2 exhalation and reduction in hepatic tetrahydrofolate observed in N 2 O-exposed animals. Aminopyrine (400 pmoles per kg) administration to air-breathing rats did not affect the level of urinary formate, but exposure to N 2 O produced a 40-fold increase. Aminopyrine administration to N 2 O-exposed rats produced a 75% increase in urinary formate as compared to rats treated with N 2 O alone. The first-order rate constant for aminopyrine elimination from the plasma, apparent volume of distribution, apparent plasma clearance and the level of hepatic cytochrome P-450 were not affected by N 2 O exposure. N 2 O exposure inhibited 14 CO 2 exhalation after [ N -methyl- 14 C]morphine administration to a similar degree as that observed after aminopyrine administration. These results indicate that factors which alter the level of hepatic tetrahydrofolate, e.g., nutritional status, N 2 0 exposure or certain drugs, may modify the metabolism of 14 C-amino-pyrine to 14 CO 2 in vivo without affecting the demethylation of aminopyrine. Thus, such factors must be controlled when the exhalation of 14 CO 2 after 14 C-aminopyrine administration to an organism is used as an in vivo measure of hepatic drug metabolism.
Covalent DNA Damage in Tissues of Cigarette Smokers as Determined by 32P-Postlabeling Assay
Authors: E. Randerath, R. H. Miller, D. Mittal, T. A. Avitts, H. A. Dunsford, K. Randerath
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Covalent DNA Damage in Tissues of Cigarette Smokers as Determined by 32P-Postlabeling Assay Get access Erika Randerath, Erika Randerath 1Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert H. Miller, Robert H. Miller 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane UniversityNew Orleans, LA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dinesh Mittal, Dinesh Mittal 1Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tommie A. Avitts, Tommie A. Avitts 1Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold A. Dunsford, Harold A. Dunsford 3Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kurt Randerath Kurt Randerath * 1Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX *Correspondence to: Dr. K. Randerath, Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 5, 1 March 1989, Pages 341–347, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.5.341 Published: 01 March 1989 Article history Received: 26 August 1988 Revision received: 02 November 1988 Accepted: 02 December 1988 Published: 01 March 1989
Endoscopic Polypectomy and Management of Colorectal Adenomas with Invasive Carcinoma
Authors: A. Hackelsberger, P. Frühmorgen, H. Weiler, T. Heller, H. Seeliger, K. Junghanns
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Background and Study Aims: Invasive carcinoma is found at histology in 2-5 % of colorectal polyps removed under flexible endoscopy. The aim of this study was to confirm that histologically complete endoscopic polypectomy under favorable low-risk conditions is sufficient therapy for pT1 carcinoma, while tumors at or close to the margin of the polypectomy, and histological high-risk criteria, require surgical resection with lymphadenectomy.
Low-frequency extracellular potentials recorded from the sinoatrial node
Authors: M Yamamoto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: To study the morphology of small extracellular potentials localized to the sinoatrial (SA) node and to elucidate its potential usefulness in evaluating SA node dysfunction. Methods: Extracellular potentials were recorded from the endocardial surface of the SA node in isolated right atrial preparations of rabbits through custom-made modified bipolar electrodes with high-gain amplification and a low-frequency (0.5–30 Hz) filter setting. Results: The potentials in and around the SA node under control conditions showed a variety of morphologies. In a small area near the leading pacemaker site, slow primary negative deflections were preceded by a gradual increase of the negativity (73.5±5.6 μV in amplitude, n=12). In the periphery of the SA node cranial and caudal to the leading pacemaker site, slow positive/negative deflections were recorded. In the septal side of the SA node showing very slow conduction, the electrograms showed slow primary positive deflections. Transient pacemaker shifts induced by atrial stimulation or vagal nerve stimulation were reflected well in morphologies of the extracellular potentials. In the presence of 20 μM TTX, wide and slow negative deflections were observed in the center and periphery of the SA node in association with extremely slow conduction restricted to a corridor-like area along the crista terminalis, whereas the atrial muscle surrounding the area was made inexcitable. In the presence of 1 μM nifedipine, the leading pacemaker site was shifted to the periphery of the SA node close to the crista terminalis. The negative deflection in the center and septal side of the SA node disappeared reflecting no excitation of the area. Conclusion: The endocardial extracellular electrograms recorded in and around the SA node under appropriate conditions reflect two dimensional activation sequences. They would provide useful information in recognizing the leading pacemaker site and alterations of the conductivity and excitability.
Legality of European ban on tobacco advertising questioned
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Objective.</h3> To assess cardiac involvement in asymptomatic patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). <h3>Methods.</h3> Ten asymptomatic patients with SSc (all female; mean age 59.5 ± 9.4 yrs) underwent contrast enhanced cardiac MRI on a 1.5 T MRI device. Adenosine triphosphate was used for stress and rest perfusion to assess perfusion defects due to microvascular impairment or ischemia, and delayed enhanced (DE) imaging was obtained for the assessment of myocardial necrosis and fibrosis. We evaluated the pathophysiological associations of stress perfusion combined with DE imaging with SSc disease severity measures. <h3>Results.</h3> Stress perfusion defects were seen in 5 out of 9 patients (56%): 4 had nonsegmental subendocardial perfusion defects and one had a segmental subendocardial perfusion defect. Three patients were found to have DE. DE was not observed in any patient without perfusion defect; and among the 5 patients with perfusion defects, 3 (60%) had DE. Two of the 3 had DE in segments not matching the region of nonsegmental perfusion defects. The remaining one had a segmental subendocardial DE matching the region of a segmental perfusion defect. Perfusion defects were seen in 75% of patients with a history of digital ulceration compared to only 20% of those without history of ulceration. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> Subclinical myocardial involvement, as detected by cardiac MRI, was frequent in asymptomatic patients with SSc. Cardiac MRI may aid in understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of SSc.
Ramipril-associated lichen planus pemphigoides
Authors: G.S. OGG, B.S. BHOGAL, T. HASHIMOTO, R. COLEMAN, J.N.W.N. BARKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We report the first case of lichen planus pemphigoide (LPP) secondary to ingestion of ramipril, an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor. Clinical, histological and immunofluorescent findings were all consistent with a diagnosis of LPP. Linear basement membrane zone (BMZ) staining with IgG and C3 was only seen at the rood of split‐skin preparations and circulating autoantibody to the BMZ was present at a titre of 1/100. Controlled immunoblotting of epidermal extracts detected the bullous pemphigoid antigens of 230 and 180 kDa.
Oral mucolytic drugs for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review
Authors: P. Poole
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the effects of oral mucolytics in adults with stable chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. <b>Design:</b> Systematic review of randomised controlled trials that compared at least two months of regular oral mucolytic drugs with placebo. <b>Studies:</b> Twenty three randomised controlled trials in outpatients in Europe and United States. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Exacerbations, days of illness, lung function, adverse events. <b>Results:</b> Compared with placebo, the number of exacerbations was significantly reduced in subjects taking oral mucolytics (weighted mean difference −0.07 per month, 95% confidence interval −0.08 to −0.05, P&lt;0.0001). Based on the annualised rate of exacerbations in the control subjects of 2.7 a year, this is a 29% reduction. The number needed to treat for one subject to have no exacerbation in the study period would be 6. Days of illness also fell (weighted mean difference −0.56, −0.77 to −0.35, P&lt;0.0001). The number of subjects who had no exacerbations in the study period was greater in the mucolytic group (odds ratio 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.93 to 2.54, P&lt;0.0001). There was no difference in lung function or in adverse events reported between treatments. <b>Conclusions:</b> In chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, treatment with mucolytics is associated with a reduction in acute exacerbations and days of illness. As these drugs have to be taken long term, they could be most useful in patients who have repeated, prolonged, or severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Mucolytic drugs have properties that may be beneficial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease These drugs are not prescribed in the United Kingdom and Australasia, although they are widely used in many other countries Drugs that reduce exacerbations may reduce the morbidity and healthcare costs associated with progressively severe disease <h3>What this study adds</h3> Regular use of mucolytic drugs for at least two months significantly reduces exacerbations and days of illness compared with placebo in patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Exacerbations that do occur may not be as severe, and the benefit may be greater in those with more severe disease Reductions are modest and treatment may not be cost effective
Do patients' preferences matter?
Authors: K. McPherson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Yes, but to what extent is unclear

Patients’ preferences are important. Where treatment choices have different and well understood outcomes, what matters most when deciding which treatment is best is the patient’s preference. The intriguing question is whether strong treatment preferences can also affect outcomes—that is, can the preferences themselves exert a therapeutic effect over and above the anticipated effects of compliance and attrition, and if so, by how much? We know very little about this area. In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.a1864), the Preference Collaborative Review Group reviews the effects of patient preferences on attrition and outcomes in trials of patients’ preferences using a meta-analysis of individual patient data.1 

We know that the placebo effect can be profound. Its most plausible mechanism of action involves belief in an effect, and this must relate strongly to preferences.2 But a double blind trial of placebo versus nothing is needed to identify a placebo effect. Some meta-analyses have shown a placebo effect,3 but more convincing evidence comes from observation rather than …
A case of extensive hyaline deposition in facial skin caused by erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: A. Tewari, H. Fassihi, D. McGibbon, A. Robson, R. Sarkany
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article A case of extensive hyaline deposition in facial skin caused by erythropoietic protoporphyria Get access A. Tewari, A. Tewari Department of Dermatology St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's Hospital 9th Floor Tower Wing London SE1 9RH U.K Correspondence Angela Tewari. E‐mail: angela.tewari@yahoo.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Fassihi, H. Fassihi Photodermatology Unit St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's Hospital 9th Floor Tower Wing London SE1 9RH U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. McGibbon, D. McGibbon Photodermatology Unit St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's Hospital 9th Floor Tower Wing London SE1 9RH U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Robson, A. Robson Department of Histopathology St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's Hospital 9th Floor Tower Wing London SE1 9RH U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Sarkany R. Sarkany Photodermatology Unit St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's Hospital 9th Floor Tower Wing London SE1 9RH U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 2, 1 August 2014, Pages 412–414, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13034 Published: 01 August 2014
Cancer of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus
Authors: Alan T. Lefor
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This is a comprehensive textbook on carcinoma of the colon, rectum, and anus comprising 109 chapters by 140 authors. The list of contributors is a veritable<i>Who's Who</i>in the field today. Many of the chapters begin with paragraphs on "Highlights," "Controversies," and "Future Directions," which focus the reader on important issues contained therein. I found these introductions timely, provocative, and extremely useful. The editors' stated purpose is to provide "a timely critical analysis of our knowledge concerning the biology, diagnosis, and therapy of cancer of the colon, rectum, and anus." When one divides 1117 text pages among 109 chapters, one realizes that each chapter is fairly short. Indeed, the brevity of the chapters increases the utility of this well-done reference. Each makes an excellent starting point for understanding the many complex facets of these diseases and has excellent references. The index is useful and complete. The editors have met
Gene Expression Analysis of Preinvasive and Invasive Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinomas Identifies <i>HOXC10</i> as a Key Mediator of Invasion
Authors: Yali Zhai, Rork Kuick, Bin Nan, Ichiro Ota, Stephen J. Weiss, Cornelia L. Trimble, Eric R. Fearon, Kathleen R. Cho
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract If left untreated, a subset of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) of the cervix will progress to invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). To identify genes whose differential expression is linked to cervical cancer progression, we compared gene expression in microdissected squamous epithelial samples from 10 normal cervices, 7 HSILs, and 21 SCCs using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. We identified 171 distinct genes at least 1.5-fold up-regulated (and P &amp;lt; 0.001) in the SCCs relative to HSILs and normal cervix samples. Differential expression of a subset of these genes was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemical staining of cervical tissue samples. One of the genes up-regulated during progression, HOXC10, was selected for functional studies aimed at assessing its role in mediating invasive behavior of neoplastic squamous epithelial cells. Elevated HOXC10 expression was associated with increased invasiveness of human papillomavirus–immortalized keratinocytes and cervical cancer–derived cell lines in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Cervical cancer cells with high endogenous levels of HOXC10 were less invasive after short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown of HOXC10 expression. Our findings support a key role for the HOXC10 homeobox protein in cervical cancer progression. Other genes with differential expression in invasive SCC versus HSIL may contribute to tumor progression or may be useful as markers for cancer diagnosis or progression risk. [Cancer Res 2007;67(21):10163–72]
Detachment of crash helmets during motorcycle accidents.
Authors: P G Richards
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Detachment of crash helmets during motorcycle accidents Since 1973 motorcyclists have been required to wear a properly fastened, approved helmet when on the road.I report four cases in which such helmets became detached during an accident.In three cases fatal injuries resulted. Case reportsCase 1-An 18 year old girl riding pillion on a motorcycle was thrown from the machine after a collision with an oncoming vehicle.Her helmet was seen to fly off before impact and was found later with intact strap and fixing bolts.She was unconscious from impact and suffered diffuse brain injury.She died five days later.Case 2-A 21 year old racing motorcyclist crashed, and during the course of the accident I witnessed his helmet become detached from his head; fortunately lie was not injured.The helmet was found with the strap correctly fastened and the fittings intact.Later examination of the rider with the helmet on showed that an apparently well fitting helmet could be easily lifted over the back of his head.Cases 3 and 4-Two racing motorcyclists, aged 23 and 29, collided and were thrown from their machines.A film of the accident showed both helmets clearly coming off over the backs of the riders' heads.Both riders suffered fatal diffuse brain injuries.
It's back to white coats for Houston high schoolers
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Physician's Estate
Authors: Bruce Nortell
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal