tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ELASTIC LIGATURE IN INTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS.
Authors: A. H. CORDIER
Journal: JAMA (1891)

There are not many surgeons in this country who have not, at some time within the last three years, done some experimental intestinal surgery, and the number of dogs sacrificed for the "advancement of science" are counted by the thousands. In no other way could this rapid advance have been wrought in so short a period. To Dr. Senn is due the credit of this desire to improve in the technique of intestinal surgery, and the advent of his decalcified bone plates marked a new era in this branch of our healing art. The many modifications of his plates by eminent surgeons suggest to the reader's mind that something better is desired. The catgut mats and plates of Davis, the segmented rubber rings of Brokaw, and the plates of vegetable tissue of Dawbarn, are a few of the many methods devised by various surgeons, all of which I have used
629. Development and Characterization of Immunotherapy Using SeV/dF-Activated Dendritic Cells Against Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yasuo Yoneyama, Yasuji Ueda, Akinao Matsunaga, Yasunori Akutsu, Hideaki Shimada, Tomonori Kato, Shinji Okano, Satoko Shibata, Mamoru Hasegawa, Yoshikazu Yonemitsu, Katsuo Sueishi, Takenori Ochiai
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Since the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the head, neck, and esophagus has shown only a little progress in the last decade, the development of novel therapeutic strategies has been much desired to treat patients with advanced SCC. As a candidate, dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has been tested, but still requires modification to improve clinical outcomes. We here show that non-transmissible Sendai virus (SeV/dF)-activated DCs (DCs/SeV/dF) has strong antitumor effects against an orthotopic model of murine SCC, namely a less immunogenic SCCVII tumor. SeV/dF showed high transfection efficiency at low MOI to murine bone marrow-derived DCs (mBM-DCs). Higher viral doses of SeV/ dF-GFP did not result in a significant cytopathic effect. SeV/dF leads mBM-DCs to upregulate costimulatory molecules such as CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II. We subsequently assessed the effects of SeV/dF-null transfection on endo-/phagocytotic activity of mBM-DCs. Their activity in taking up FITC-dextran was assessed at various time points after stimulation. Unlinke in DC/ LPS, endo-/phagocytic activity of DCs was not impaired by SeV/ dF. Intratumoral injection of DCs/SeV/dF resulted in a marked and representative inhibition of the tumor, even when the tumors were well-vascularized. The antitumor effects of intratumor injection of DCs/SeV/dF were not impaired without ex vivo exposure of DCs to tumor lysate, suggesting the potential uptake of tumor antigen in vivo. Our results provide the first demonstration that non- transmissible SeV/dF could be a promising candidate for DC- activator; DC/SeV/dF-based cancer immunotherapy may therefore warrant further investigation with regard to its enhancement of antitumor effects in a clinical setting.
Abstract 668: Second generation silicon derivatives of indomethacin: Synthesis of potent COX-2 selective agents with improved anticancer activity
Authors: Uzma I. Zakai, Stephen Gately, Robert West
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Elevated tumor cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with poor overall survival in patients with a variety of cancers. Patients with elevated COX-2 that receive a COX-2 inhibitor have demonstrated improved survival. Indomethacin (IM) is a COX-non-selective inhibitor with demonstrated anticancer activity in patients. The anticancer effects of IM are related to inhibition of COX-2 as well as COX-independent targets. We now report the improved synthesis and activity of IM-sila- amide derivatives where strategic silicon addition results in COX-2 selective IM derivatives that demonstrate activity in mouse models of human cancers and are devoid of the COX-1 associated toxicities. The sila-IM compounds demonstrated improved inhibition of purified human COX-2, IC50 0.2 uM and limited inhibition of COX-1 up to 10 uM. Sila-IM derivatives were also found to be potent inhibitors of NF-κB transcription activating function at concentrations below 1.0 UM. A sila-IM derivative Silexsyn was tested in various animal models of human cancer following oral administration. Significant activity was observed in models of non-small cell lung cancer and pancreas cancer. Potent synergism was observed for Silexsyn in combination with EGFR inhibitors. A synthetic methodology incorporating a heteroatom in the amino-functional silane has been developed and used to generate second-generation sila-IM derivatives that could have improved pharmacological properties. The introduction of silicon into an approved scaffold represents an efficient strategy for the rapid production of biologically relevant therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 668. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-668
Relationship between Tap Water Hardness, Magnesium, and Calcium Concentration and Mortality due to Ischemic Heart Disease or Stroke in the Netherlands
Authors: Lina J. Leurs, Leo J. Schouten, Margreet N. Mons, R. Alexandra Goldbohm, Piet A. van den Brandt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundConflicting results on the relationship between the hardness of drinking water and mortality related to ischemic heart disease (IHD) or stroke have been reported.ObjectivesWe investigated the possible association between tap water calcium or magnesium concentration and total hardness and IHD mortality or stroke mortality.MethodsIn 1986, a cohort of 120,852 men and women aged 55–69 years provided detailed information on dietary and other lifestyle habits. Follow-up for mortality until 1996 was established by linking data from the Central Bureau of Genealogy and Statistics Netherlands. We calculated tap water hardness for each postal code using information obtained from all pumping stations in the Netherlands. Tap water hardness was categorized as soft [< 1.5 mmol/L calcium carbonate (CaCO3)], medium hard (1.6–2.0 mmol/L CaCO3), and hard (> 2.0 mmol/L CaCO3). The multivariate case-cohort analysis was based on 1,944 IHD mortality and 779 stroke mortality cases and 4,114 subcohort members.ResultsFor both men and women, we observed no relationship between tap water hardness and IHD mortality [hard vs. soft water: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.85–1.28 for men and HR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.71–1.21 for women) and stroke mortality (hard vs. soft water HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.66–1.21 and HR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.62–1.20, respectively). For men with the 20% lowest dietary magnesium intake, an inverse association was observed between tap water magnesium intake and stroke mortality (HR per 1 mg/L intake = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61–0.91), whereas for women with the 20% lowest dietary magnesium intake, the opposite was observed.ConclusionsWe found no evidence for an overall significant association between tap water hardness, magnesium or calcium concentrations, and IHD mortality or stroke mortality. More research is needed to investigate the effect of tap water magnesium on IHD mortality or stroke mortality in subjects with low dietary magnesium intake.
Evaluation of Thyroid Function
Authors: Isadore N. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

EUTHYROID persons produce approximately 80 μg thyroxine (T4) and 50 μg of tri-iodothyronine (T3) daily. Although values for the rates of secretion or production of the individual thyroid hormones would be most desirable for evaluating a patient's thyroid status, the necessary kinetic studies are seldom clinically feasible, and reliance is therefore placed upon other tests and procedures. These include measurements of the concentration of the thyroid hormones in plasma, the hormone-binding capacity of the plasma proteins, the avidity with which the thyroid gland accumulates iodine, and the concentration of circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).The Circulating Hormones . . .
407-2 Characterization of a Recombination Event Excluding the Harvey-ras-1 (H-ras-1) Locus in a Romano-Ward Long QT Syndrome Family Linked to Chromosome 11p15 and Isolation of a Polymorphic Repeat Telomeric to H-ras-1
Authors: M.W. Russell, L.C. Brody, D. Munroe, M. Dick, F.S. Collins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Liquid Protein Diet Magnesium Deficiency and Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Robert A. Fouty
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  High-protein diets in rats are used to produce severe magnesium deficiency. 1 Severe magnesium deficiency produces an obligate loss of potassium and potassium deficiency that cannot be repleted by potassium alone. 2 Also produced is cardiac myopathy characterized by myocardial cell neurosis and focal acute and chronic inflammation, 3 findings similar to those reported in a recent editorial (240:144,1978). Death in rats usually occurs by cardiac arrhythmia or grand mal seizure after ten to 14 days of exclusive high-protein diet with vitamin and mineral supplements, except for magnesium. The addition of magnesium to controls results in healthy animals.  The mechanisms of magnesium deficiency are numerous, 4 and in addition, we have found normal magnesium balance in two patients given liquid protein diets based on results of 24-hour urine assays. The fact that young, weight-conscious women appear more susceptible may be explained by the common use of diuretics,
A comparison of surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of single small hepatocellular carcinoma ≤2 cm
Authors: Yun Ku Cho
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

I read with great interest the article by Roayaie et al. published in HEPATOLOGY.1 The investigators stated that the survival outcomes of patients in two Western centers were comparable to those reported in the Asian series, and that resection should continue to be considered a primary treatment modality in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and well-preserved liver function. I appreciate the investigators' efforts to achieve this positive surgical outcome. However, I would like to comment on the role of surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in very early-stage HCC by comparing the results of Roayaie et al.'s study with those of a recent Italian multicenter study of RFA.2 First, in Roayaie et al.'s study, only 67% of patients had cirrhosis, whereas all patients in the Italian multicenter ablation study had cirrhosis.1, 2 Second, in the ablation study, approximately one fourth of the patients had portal hypertension (PH).2 In contrast, no patients with clinical PH were included in Roayaie et al.'s study. Therefore, in the Italian ablation study, the proportion of clinical PH might have been much higher than in this study. Third, the proportion of patients with serum bilirubin level >1.5 mg/dL was 32.5% in the Italian ablation study, which seems much higher than in Roayaie et al.'s study (mean ± standard deviation: 0.9 ± 0.5 mg/dL). It is well known that clinical PH and hyperbilirubinemia are two important indicators of adverse survival outcomes of patients with early-stage HCC after hepatectomy.3 Fourth, the investigators unduly compared the survival outcomes of resected patients without thrombocytopenia with those of ablated patients with or without thrombocytopenia (5-year survival rates: 74% vs. 68%). Finally, in Roayaie et al.'s study, the mean size of arterial enhancement on imaging (1.9 cm) was greater than that reported in the Italian ablation study, in which all tumors were ≤2 cm.2 This may explain why the incidence of microvascular invasion or microsatellite formation was so high in that study. In conclusion, based on these two nonrandomized studies, it would be very difficult to ascertain the superiority of one treatment modality over the other for very early-stage HCC in terms of overall survival. In my opinion, resection and RFA seem to have advantages and disadvantages and both deserve primary treatments for single, small HCCs ≤2 cm.4 Yun Ku Cho, M.D. Department of Radiology VHS Medical Center Seoul, Korea
Solitary Intrarenal Cyst Causing Hypertension
Authors: John C. Babka, Martin S. Cohen, Jonas Sode
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

UNILATERAL renal cysts are a rare cause of hypertension. There are few published reports of this association in the English or foreign-language literature.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 In none of these patients has renin activity been measured. We have recently seen an adolescent with hypertension associated with a large unilateral renal cyst, renin production limited to the involved kidney, and cure of hypertension after decompression of the cyst.Case ReportA 14-year-old boy was found to have a blood pressure of 130/90 mm Hg during a follow-up examination for aseptic necrosis of the tibial tubercles. Seven months earlier his blood pressure had been 108/70 . . .
Widening inequality of health in northern England, 1981-91
Authors: P. Phillimore, A. Beattie, P. Townsend
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To identify relative and absolute changes in mortality in the Northern region of England between 1981 and 1991. <b>Design</b>: 1981 and 1991 census data were used to rank 678 wards on an index of material deprivation composed of four variables (unemployment, car ownership, housing tenure, household over-crowding). Standardised mortality ratios (all causes) were calculated for various periods between 1981 and 1991 and for different age categories. <b>Setting</b>: Counties of Cleveland, Cumbria, Durham, Northumberland, and Tyne and Wear. <b>Results</b>: During 1981-91 mortality differentials widened between the most affluent and deprived fifths of wards in all age categories under 75 years. The decline in the relative position of the poorest areas was particularly great, and there was no narrowing of inequalities across the remainder of the socioeconomic spectrum. In absolute terms, there were improvements in mortality in all age categories in the most affluent areas. In the poorest areas improvements in the 55-64 age group were balanced by increased mortality among men aged 15-44, a slight rise among women aged 65-74, and static rates among men aged 45-54. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results re-emphasise the case for linking mortality patterns with material conditions rather than individual behaviour.
Relationship of a Degenerative Tropical Neuropathy to Diet: Report of a Field Survey
Authors: B. O. Osuntokun, G. L. Monekosso, J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A survey of neurological abnormalities in two Nigerian villages preselected for their differing consumption of cassava has shown that a degenerative neuropathy occurs with relatively high frequency in the village (Ososa) where cassava consumption was high.It is suggested that eating cassava results in exposure to cyanide, as shown by a raised plasma thiocyanate level, and that the latter, together with other factors, may contribute to the pathogenesis of "tropical neuropathy."
Effects of Human Insulin on Insulin Binding Antibody Production in Nondiabetic Subjects
Authors: Stephen N Davis, Christopher J Thompson, Matthew Peak, Mavis D Brown, K George M M Alberti
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective —To test the hypothesis that human insulin may have a low immunogenicity and that short-term exposure may not cause endogenous insulin antibody production. Research Design and Methods —Randomized double-blind prospective study. Serum samples collected for insulin binding antibodies and measured by a sensitive immunochemical assay. Subjects were seven healthy nondiabetic patients who had never received exogenous insulin. Each subject received 6 separate monthly injections of human insulin. On four occasions, both regular and NPH insulin were administered. On the other two occasions, either NPH or regular insulin was administered alone. Results —Mean ± SE basal insulin antibody levels (1.2 ± 0.2 μg/L) increased to a maximal level of 4.5 ± 0.8 μg/L after four injections. Thereafter, antibody levels declined to an end-of-study value of 2.5 ± 0.3 μg/L. This represented a highly significant overall increase (P &amp;lt; 0.001). A control group of six insulin-dependent diabetic subjects treated with human insulin over the same period as the test subjects demonstrated no change in insulin antibody concentrations (2.8 ± 0.7–2.7 ± 0.6 μg/L). Conclusions —These results suggest that human insulin preparations, when administered subcutaneously, may be more immunogenic than previously considered. The antigenic response was rapid, because only four subcutaneous injections were sufficient to produce insulin antibody levels in nondiabetic patients similar to those observed in insulin-dependent diabetic patients receiving chronic insulin replacement therapy.
A CASE OF INTRAPERICARDIAL ANEURYSM OF THE AORTA
Authors: B. T. Parsons-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1922)

larger cells resembled myeloblasts, and weere difficult to place accurately in ainy group.Films stained by Leislhman's miethod:showed a dark b&soplhil cytoplas;m in certain cells with num4erous azurophil granules.Soime cells lhad an intensely basophil: stained cytoplasm.The nuclei were large, varying in shiape.Some of the cells showed mitotic division with b6autiful examples of monaster and diaster stages.On November l1th numerous petecliial haemorrbages were noted over thie chest, and especially round the hair follicles.Oa November 14th tlle patient died, twenty-one days after -tlhe pyrexial attacks comineuced and six days after hiis spleen was found to be enlargled.The lymplh-gland groups enlarged 'coincidently with the spleen, particularly in the cervical region.[Slides of the blood, spleen, bone marrow, and liver were dcwonstratcd.]Case of Aplastic Anaemtia.J. W., a female aged 26, a cook, was admitted to Dr.Fleming's wards on the recommendation of Dr. John Craig, Edinburgh, on November 1ltlh, 1920.The duration of the illness was from
Effect of bolus injection and continuous infusion of somatostatin on gastric perfusion in cirrhotic patients with portal-hypertensive gastropathy
Authors: JuliáN Panés, Josep M. Piqué, Josep M. Bordas, Maria Casadevall, Josep Terés, Jaime Bosch, Juan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Gastric perfusion has been found to be increased in cirrhotic patients with portal-hypertensive gastropathy. This phenomenon may contribute to gastric bleeding from these lesions. Therefore drugs reducing gastric mucosal perfusion may be beneficial in the treatment of bleeding portal-hypertensive gastropathy. In this study, gastric mucosal perfusion was assessed, by means of laser-Doppler flowmetry and reflectance spectrophotometry, in 36 cirrhotic patients with portal-hypertensive gastropathy in basal conditions and after double-blind administration of placebo or somatostatin. Intravenous bolus injection of 250 micrograms somatostatin induced a rapid, marked decrease in gastric perfusion (-31.6% +/- 7.9%, p < 0.05), as assessed on laser-Doppler flowmetry, that lasted for only 6 min. Changes in the hemoglobin content of the gastric mucosa paralleled those of laser-Doppler signal. The oxygen content of the gastric mucosa was mildly reduced (-6.9% +/- 1.1%, p < 0.05). When the bolus injection was followed by a continuous infusion of somatostatin, the reduction in gastric perfusion, as assessed by means of laser-Doppler flowmetry, was maintained, although the magnitude of the reduction (-17% +/- 7%) was significantly lower than that observed immediately after the bolus (p < 0.05); the hemoglobin content of the gastric mucosa was also significantly reduced (-8% +/- 1%), but no changes were observed in the oxygen content. Placebo administration had no effect on any of these parameters. We conclude that the increased gastric perfusion in cirrhotic patients with portal-hypertensive gastropathy can be effectively decreased by somatostatin administration.
Response to Comment on: Harrison et al. <b>β</b>-Cell Function Preservation After 3.5 Years of Intensive Diabetes Therapy. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1406–1412
Authors: Lindsay B. Harrison, Philip Raskin, Ildiko Lingvay
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We appreciate the critical review of our article by Aizawa and Yamauchi (1), and we are pleased they found the study well designed and straightforward (2). Their critiques relate to 1 ) exclusion of reporting insulin sensitivity and 2 ) lack of a significant drug wash-out period prior to β-cell assessment. We did not perform a direct measure of insulin sensitivity using a hyperinsulinemic-euglyceimc clamp as this did not represent one of our main outcomes and would have added a significant technical and financial burden to the study. We attempted to estimate insulin sensitivity using indirect methods such as homeostasis model assessment of …
Cytokines, Skin, and Smallpox–A New Link to an Antimicrobial Peptide
Authors: Jodie M. Harrison, Ian A. Ramshaw
Journal: Immunity (2006)

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have an increased risk of infection with several viruses compared to patients with other inflammatory skin disorders such as psoriasis. In this issue of Immunity, Howell et al. (2006) find that the cytokine milieu in the skin of AD patients profoundly affects the innate response to vaccinia virus (VV) by blocking production of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37.
Why do we take drugs? From the drug-reinforcement theory to a novel concept of drug instrumentalization
Authors: Rainer Spanagel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract The drug-reinforcement theory explains why humans get engaged in drug taking behavior. This theory posits that drugs of abuse serve as biological rewards by activating the reinforcement system. Although from a psychological and neurobiological perspective this theory is extremely helpful, it does not tell us about the drug-taking motives and motivation of an individual. The definition of drug instrumentalization goals will improve our understanding of individual drug-taking profiles.
Molecular characterization of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase in human liver cancer
Authors: J CAI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To identify differentially expressed genes in hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed differential display analysis using surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues. We identified four cDNA fragments upregulated in HCC samples, encoding antisecretory factor-1 (AF), gp96, DAD1 and CDC34. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that these mRNAs were expressed preferentially in HCCs compared with adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues or normal liver tissues from non-HCC patients. The expression of these mRNAs was increased along with the histological grading of HCC tissues. These mRNA levels were also high in three human HCC cell lines (HuH-7, HepG2 and HLF), irrespective of the growth state. We also demonstrate that sodium butyrate, an inducer of differentiation, downregulated the expression of AF and gp96 mRNAs, supporting in part our pathological observation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that gp96 and CDC34 proteins were preferentially accumulated in cytoplasm and nuclei of HCC cells, respectively. Overexpression of these genes could be an important manifestation of HCC phenotypes and should provide clues to understand the molecular basis of hepatocellular carcinogenesis.