tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
m-TOR inhibitors: What role in liver transplantation?
Authors: Toshiyasu Kawahara, Sonal Asthana, Norman M. Kneteman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

The development of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) led to marked improvements in patient and graft survival after liver transplantation (LTx). We have been left, however, with a dependence on immunosuppressive agents with nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, adverse impacts on cardiac risk profile, and risk for malignancy. These challenges need to be met against a dominance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as indications for liver transplant. Unmet needs for immunosuppression (IS) in LTx include: (1) Effective drugs that avoid CNIs toxicities. (2) Agents without adverse impact on HCV recurrence. (3) Compounds that minimize risk of HCC recurrence. New immunosuppressives will need to address the above needs while supporting patient and graft survival equivalent to those achievable with CNIs, ideally without important new toxicities. Two new classes of agents are currently in advanced clinical development: belatacept, and the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (m-TORi). This manuscript will review evidence for a role for m-TORi in LTx in a range of clinical scenarios including patients with CNI nephrotoxicity or neurotoxicity, patients at risk of (or with) HCV recurrence, and patients at risk of HCC recurrence.
An analysis of the insulin test after vagotomy using single and multiple criteria.
Authors: G Gillespie, I E Gillespie, A W Kay
Journal: Gut (1968)

Although thegastric secretory response toan injection ofinsulin hasbeenwidely usedforabout 20years, toassess thecompleteness ofvagal nerve section, there continues tobesomedissatisfaction withthecriteria bywhichtheresponse toinsulin hasbeeninterpreted (Stempien, 1962). Theprincipal controversy centres ontheminimal quantity ofacid, orminimal increase inacidconcentration, which indicates asignificant positive acid response following theinsulin hypoglycaemia, andthereby thepersistence ofsomeintact vagal fibres. Thecriteria originally proposed byHollander (1948) areperhaps still mostcommonlyapplied: a positive response is denoted byanincrease inacidconcentration of greater than20m-equiv perlitre overthefasting, unstimulated level, provided thatthebloodsugar concentration falls tolessthan35mg/100ml; whenthere isnodetectable acidinthefasting juice, anincrease inacidconcentration ofmorethan 10m-equiv perlitre istaken asevidence ofapositive response. Inthelast 10years several workers have suggested other criteria todefine apositive response toinsulin, taking intoconsideration suchfactors asvolume increases after insulin (Waddell, 1957), basalsecretion values (Bachrach, 1962), andthe timing oftheacid response inrelation totheinsulin injection (RossandKay,1964). Morerecently Bank, Marks, andLouw(1967) havesuggested that ananalysis ofmultiple criteria maygivea more accurate assessment ofthecompleteness ofvagotomy, andthereby amoreadequate detection ofthose with incomplete vagotomy andconsequent highrisk of recurrent ulcer. Inthispaperwe haveanalysed indetail a consecutive series ofpost-vagotomy insulin tests by various criteria, singly andincombination, and compared theresults withtheeffects oftheoperation onmaximal histamine responses. 'The outline ofthese results wasincluded intheMemorial Lecture by Professor A. W. Kay attheAmericanGastroenterological Association in1967andreported inGastroenterology inDecember, 1967. Permission toreproduce Figures 1-3isgratefully acknowledged totheEditor ofGastroenterology.
Expression profiling of radiation-induced genes in radiodermatitis of hairless mice
Authors: Y.S. Lee, D.K. Choi, C.D. Kim, M. Im, M.L. Mollah, J.Y. Jang, T.J. Oh, S. An, Y.J. Seo, G.M. Hur, M.J. Cho, J.K. Park, J.H. Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Radiation induces many cellular events leading to radiodermatitis. Objectives The aim of this study was to establish a radiodermatitis model using experimental animals, and to examine the expression profile of radiation-induced genes. Methods Hairless mice were irradiated on the dorsal skin; then total RNAs were isolated and microarray hybridizations were performed. Results Irradiation with a total of 40 Gy (10 Gy day−1 for four consecutive days) provokes radiodermatitis in the hairless mouse. After microarray analysis, 130 genes that showed upregulation by radiation were selected and organized into four different clusters, depending on the time-kinetic pattern. Classification of these genes into several functional categories revealed that various biological processes were globally affected by radiation. These include transcription regulation, signal transduction, cell communication, cell death regulation and metabolism. Conclusions These results demonstrate the complexity of the transcriptional profile of the radiation response, providing important clues on which to base further investigations of the molecular events underlying radiodermatitis.
PENETRATING WOUNDS OF THE EYEBALL.
Authors: T. J. REDELINGS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The title assigned to this paper is so comprehensive in its scope, that I do not presume to touch upon all the phases which it might present, but will endeavor to emphasize such points as present themselves to my mind with especial force after a careful review of the available literature on the subject.It may be that I shall speak of some things common place and trite to many, but I do it without apology for the reason that the eye is so commonly misunderstood and consigned to the recuperative powers of nature.In injuries of the eyeball as in injuries of other parts of the body, much depends upon the first dressing the wound receives.The principles of aseptic and antiseptic surgery should be carefully followed in all their minor details.Wounds of the eyeball are so varied in their
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: one year's experience in a UK dialysis unit.
Authors: R Gokal, M McHugh, R Fryer, M K Ward, D N Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Thirty-two patients aged 8-63 years trained to manage themselves by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal failure achieved better steady-state serum biochemistry and much higher haemoglobin and lower serum phosphate concentrations than during treatment with haemodialysis up to one year before. Two patients, however, returned to intermittent haemodialysis because of recurrent peritonitis. Costs of the technique during the first year were less than half those incurred in the first year of home haemodialysis. Nevertheless, the major advantage was the ease with which patient independence and rehabilitation could be achieved. This technique is an appreciable advance over other forms of management for end-stage renal failure. Nevertheless, until it is more refined and long-term problems have been assessed it should probably be used only in established renal units where back-up treatments are available.
Points from Letters: Functions of the G.M.C
Authors: M. T. Haslam
Journal: BMJ (1972)

isotopes could ethically be given.All three patients were able to form 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to the same extent as non- Pakistani control patients with a similar de- gree of vitamin D deficiency.The two Pakistani patients were also shown to form the potent biologically active metabolite 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol.Details relating to one of these patients have been published.2We feel therefore that inability to produce the appropriate metabolites of vitamin D is not the explanation for the phenomena re- ported in both surveys.-We are, etc.,
Gynaecologist is suspected of performing dozens of unnecessary oophorectomies
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The obstetrician and gynaecologist at the centre of Ireland’s worst case of medical misconduct may have harmed more patients than previously thought, a new report by two leading British experts has found.

Michael Neary of County Louth was struck off by the Irish Medical Council in 2003 and became the subject of an Irish government inquiry in 2004.

That inquiry, led by Judge Maureen Harding-Clarke, concluded that Dr Neary had carried out 188 peripartum hysterectomies at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, over 25 years until his suspension in 1999. An average consultant obstetrician …
PERITONEAL CARCINOMATOSIS FORTY-ONE YEARS AFTER RADICAL MASTECTOMY
Authors: James C. Doyle
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The case reported is that of a woman in whom a radical mastectomy had been done at the age of 34 and who died of generalized peritoneal carcinomatosis at the age of 75. The carcinoma of the peritoneum was histologically typical of grade 2+ adenocarcinoma of the breast, while other primary carcinomas were not found. Four months prior to death the patient's only complaints were those related to procidentia, which possibly was due to the presence of ascitic fluid secondary to the carcinomatosis. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A white widow aged 75 was first seen Aug. 8, 1947. Her complaints were that she had "a growth" in the uterus, a feeling of "weight in the pelvis," urinary symptoms of frequency, nocturia, and dysuria, and protrusion of a mass from the vagina. The protrusion had been noted for years, and she had found it frequently necessary "to push the mass up" in
Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1, a possible cause for regulatory T cells in hepatitis?
Authors: Yichuan Xiao, Yanyun Zhang
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We read with interest the article by Torisu et al. on the protective role of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1), a negative-feedback molecule for cytokine signaling, in concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis.1 The authors observed that hepatocyte-specific SOCS1-conditional knockout (L-SOCS1 cKO) mice showed enhanced ConA-induced hepatitis compared with wild-type mice. They also found that proapoptotic signals, including signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), Jun-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and Fas expression were also elevated in L-SOCS1 cKO mice. The authors attribute the mechanism to the prevention of Fas and tumor necrosis factor-α–induced hepatocyte apoptosis. SOCS1 is a known inhibitor of cytokine signaling pathways and has been shown to be a regulator of immune tolerance. T cells from SOCS1−/− mice can proliferate after anti–T cell receptor stimulation in the absence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or anti-CD28 costimulatory signals.2 In addition, SOCS1 expression is very high in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which has led to the possibility that SOCS1 is involved in Treg function.3 Indeed, the suppressive activity of SOCS1-deficient Tregs is less than that of wild-type Tregs.4 Recently, Tregs were found to mediate the tolerance in ConA-induced hepatitis.5 This suppressive effect was caused by the induction of IL-10 produced by Tregs and the accompanying inhibition of IL-2. However, the mechanisms by which Tregs induce tolerance and alleviate liver injury in ConA-induced hepatitis still remain to be elucidated. In addition, it is well known that Con A-induced liver injury is mainly caused by the accumulation of activated T cells and natural killer T cells, which is the result of dysfunction of Tregs. So, further research should be carried out to investigate SOCS1 functions of Tregs in ConA-induced hepatitis. These studies will not only improve our knowledge about the molecular mechanism of Treg function in hepatitis, but also bring great benefits to the treatment and prevention of liver diseases. Yichuan Xiao*, Yanyun Zhang* , * Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
New mechanical aid to physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: K A Flower, R I Eden, L Lomax, N M Mann, J Burgess
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The force of impact and frequency of percussion by physiotherapists and parents of children with cystic fibrosis were analysed on a special test rig and incorporated in a prototype percussor. In adult volunteers and cadavers a maximum intrathoracic pressure could be achieved by a critical frequency of mechanical percussion which was higher than that reached by physiotherapists and parents. Consequently the percussor was redesigned to operate at this optimum frequency. It was then discovered that if the percussor was pressed firmly enough against the chest, this maximum intrathoracic pressure could be indicated by quivering of the voice. In a continuing study of intrathoracic pressures obtained mechanically and manually the Salford percussor's produced higher pressures than the physiotherapists' and maintained them constantly, while the physiotherapists' efforts and results varied from one to another. Hospital and domiciliary use of the percussor have shown it to help in the first stage of the physiotherapy routine for patients with cystic fibrosis. The percussor should enable adolescents and adults to treat themselves and encourage twice-daily and more effective chest treatments. It is easy to apply and its speed and efficiency should enable parents to improve the quality of their chest therapy for younger children at home. Its long-term benefits are difficult to assess because of the nature of the disease.
Harold Stormont Ross
Authors: Kathleen Ross, Robert Drummond
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former consultant psychiatrist north-east Scotland (b Gorebridge 1926; q St Andrews 1952), died from cardiac failure on 20 August 2004.

Harold Ross was a nationally respected figure in the psychiatry of learning disability. He served in the Royal Air Force as a bomb aimer during the second world war. He was appointed deputy physician superintendent at the State Hospital, Carstairs, in 1957, and led the learning disability service in Fife before his appointment as physician in charge of this service for the north east of Scotland. Harold served on the Melville committee, which made far-reaching recommendations on the education of children with learning disabilities. He leaves a wife, Nessie, and three children.
Malignant Premature Ventricular Beats in Ambulatory Patients
Authors: HARISIOS BOUDOULAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The characteristics of premature ventricular beats predisposing to ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation were assessed by 24-h ambulatory monitoring and maximal treadmill exercise testing in 339 cardiac patients with premature ventricular beats. Premature ventricular beats were divided into early (Q-premature ventricular beat less than QT), late (within the last 20% of the cardiac cycle), and midcycle. Ventricular tachycardia was recorded in 45 patients and ventricular fibrillation, in three. The frequency of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation was 32% in patients with late, 16% in patients with early, and 7% in patients with midcycle premature ventricular beats (P less than 0.05). Patients with frequent (less than 10/min) multiformed premature ventricular beats had a frequency of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation of 44%, while only 13% of patients with frequent uniformed premature ventricular beats had ventricular tachycardia (P less than 0.05). Ambulatory patients with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation have frequent multiformed premature ventricular beats, and the ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation is usually triggered by late premature ventricular beats.
Proinflammatory fecal mRNA and childhood bacterial enteric infections
Authors: William E. Bennett Jr., Rosbel González-Rivera, Bao N. Puente, Nurmohammad Shaikh, Harold J. Stevens, Jody C. Mooney, Eileen J. Klein, Donna M. Denno, Andrew Draghi II, Francisco A. Sylvester, Philip I. Tarr
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

INTRODUCTION: Assessment of specific mRNAs in human samples is useful in characterizing disease. However, mRNA in human stool has been understudied. RESULTS: Compared to controls, infected stools showed increased transcripts of IL-1β, IL-8 and calprotectin. mRNA and protein concentrations correlated for IL-8, but not for calprotectin. DISCUSSION: Stool mRNA quantification offers a potentially useful, noninvasive way to assess inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, and may be more sensitive than EIA. METHODS: We purified fecal RNA from 46 children infected with Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. or Shigella sonnei and 26 controls and compared the proportions of IL-1β, IL-8, osteoprotegerin and calprotectin mRNA between groups using qRT-PCR. We determined the concentrations of calprotectin, IL-8 and osteoprotegerin by enzyme immunoassays in cognate specimens.
Abstract 3368: Characterization of stem cell like cells in kidney cancer
Authors: Anna-Karin Boström, Martin Johansson, Håkan Axelson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Contemporary tumor biology challenges the previous belief that all cancer cells are capable of sustaining tumor growth. Instead, data is accumulating in favor of a concept where a small percentage of the total tumor cell number, are believed to have the capacity to drive cancerous growth. These cells are called tumor initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). The presence of CSCs in the tumor may increase malignancy potential, mediate resistance to conventional therapy and lead to poor survival outcomes. To achieve effective prognostic and therapeutic strategies it is important to identify markers for and CSC-unique properties. Our study aims at identifying cells with stem cell like properties in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and specify their role in tumorigenesis. ALDH activity has been used to isolate hematopoetic and breast stem cells and high expression of ALDH has been identified in breast cancer with poor prognosis. We have used the ALDEFLUOR assay to isolate stem cell like cells from both primary and established RCC cultures. We found that the ALDH positive cells have a greater colony forming capacity and ability to grow under low attachment conditions, as compared to cells with low ALDH activity. We also found that CD133, another known stem cell marker, was expressed at higher levels in the ALDH positive cells. The ALDH positive cells were characterized using global gene expression analysis, producing a framework for further characterization. The clinical validity of this population was assessed using gene expression from a data set of 176 primary RCCs and these analysis indicate that the stem cell expression profile is associated with decreased disease specific survival. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3368.
Follow up after transurethral resection of prostate: who needs it?
Authors: T H Lynch, B Waymont, C J Beacock, J A Dunn, M A Hughes, D M Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1991)

This article compares the wealth situation of children across fourteen countries. Children experience lower levels of wealth than the rest of the population, seniors in particular. We show that, in most countries, child wealth is distributed substantially more unequally than the wealth of seniors. We also demonstrate that an international ranking of child wealth inequality diverges sharply from one based on child income inequality. The wealth situation of children in the United States is exceptional: they lag further behind seniors in terms of their wealth and face the highest levels of wealth inequality and, by far, wealth concentration.
Reversing Mortality Trends in Young South African Children
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

In the last decade, South Africa has substantially reduced the number of children younger than 5 years who die from all causes, an achievement attributed primarily to improvements in interventions to address the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS (Kerber KJ et al. AIDS. 2013;27[16]:2637-2648).
Marked reduction in myocardial infarct size due to prolonged infusion of an antioxidant during reperfusion.
Authors: L D Horwitz, P V Fennessey, R H Shikes, Y Kong
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND There has been controversy about whether early reperfusion of myocardial infarcts causes further necrosis mediated by reactive oxygen species or other mechanisms. Unequivocal evidence that therapeutic agents given only during reperfusion can prevent, rather than delay or modify, injury has been sparse. Failure to account for variables, such as collateral blood flow, that influence infarct size independently and attempts to measure infarct size too early in reperfusion may have limited the sensitivity and specificity of some previous studies. METHODS AND RESULTS After 90 minutes of coronary occlusion and 48 hours of reperfusion in a canine model, we examined the effect on infarct size of intravenous infusion of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG), a diffusible antioxidant. Infarct size and region at risk were measured by post-mortem dual perfusion with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and Evans blue dyes, and regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. Infusion of MPG 100 mg.kg-1.h-1, beginning either 15 minutes before the onset of reperfusion or 30 minutes after the onset of reperfusion and continued until 4 hours of reperfusion and followed by an intramuscular dose, reduced infarct size, normalized for both region at risk and the level of collateral blood flow, by 60% and 45%, respectively. When infusion of MPG was limited to the last 15 minutes of ischemia and the first hour of reperfusion only, the normalized infarct size was reduced by 26%. Heart rate, blood pressure, and their product did not differ among the four groups studied. The plasma half-time of MPG was &lt; 10 minutes. In in vitro experiments MPG was a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide but not of superoxide radical. CONCLUSIONS After 90 minutes of coronary ligation, infusion of the diffusible hydrogen peroxide scavenger, MPG, for several hours, beginning as late as 30 minutes after the onset of reperfusion, substantially reduced infarct size measured 48 hours later. In this model, necrosis caused by processes during reperfusion may be more extensive than necrosis caused by ischemia alone. Since infusion of this agent for only the first hour of reperfusion was considerably less effective, it appears that most of the oxidant injury leading to necrosis occurred after the first 60 minutes but within the first 4 hours of reperfusion.
COMPARISON OF THE HEMODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE AND MID–TERM OUTCOME OF PERCUTANEOUS VERSUS SURGICAL STENTLESS BIOPROSTHESES FOR AORTIC STENOSIS WITH ANTICIPATED PATIENT PROSTHESIS MISMATCH
Authors: Yan Topilsky, Arie Lorin Schwartz, Ariel Finkelstein, Yigal Abramowitz, Yaron Arbel, Gideon Uretzky, Simon Biner, Gad Keren, Amir Kramer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Whole-exome sequencing and functional studies identify RPS29 as a novel gene mutated in multicase Diamond-Blackfan anemia families
Authors: Lisa Mirabello, Elizabeth R. Macari, Lea Jessop, Steven R. Ellis, Timothy Myers, Neelam Giri, Alison M. Taylor, Katherine E. McGrath, Jessica M. Humphries, Bari J. Ballew, Meredith Yeager, Joseph F. Boland, Ji He, Belynda D. Hicks, Laurie Burdett, Blanche P. Alter, Leonard Zon, Sharon A. Savage
Journal: Blood (2014)
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors and the Antiplatelet Effects of Aspirin
Authors: Francesca Catella-Lawson, Muredach P. Reilly, Shiv C. Kapoor, Andrew J. Cucchiara, Susan DeMarco, Barbara Tournier, Sachin N. Vyas, Garret A. FitzGerald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Patients with arthritis and vascular disease may receive both low-dose aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. We therefore investigated potential interactions between aspirin and commonly prescribed arthritis therapies.