tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin Type 2 Receptors Are Reexpressed by Cardiac Fibroblasts From Failing Myopathic Hamster Hearts and Inhibit Cell Growth and Fibrillar Collagen Metabolism
Authors: Naohiko Ohkubo, Hiroaki Matsubara, Yoshihisa Nozawa, Yasukiyo Mori, Satoshi Murasawa, Kazuhisa Kijima, Katsuya Maruyama, Hiroya Masaki, Yoshiaki Tsutumi, Yoshinobu Shibazaki, Toshiji Iwasaka, Mitsuo Inada
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (AT 1 -R) induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibroblast proliferation, whereas the physiological role of AT 2 -R in cardiac remodeling remains poorly defined. Methods and Results Using Bio14.6 cardiomyopathic (CM) hamsters, we found that AT 2 -R sites were increased by 153% during heart failure compared with F1B controls. AT 1 -R numbers were increased by 72% in the hypertrophy stage and then decreased to the control level during heart failure. Such differential regulation of AT 2 -R and AT 1 -R during heart failure was consistent with changes in the respective mRNA levels. Autoradiography and immunocytochemistry revealed that both AT 2 -R and AT 1 -R are localized at higher densities in fibroblasts present in fibrous regions. Surrounding myocardium predominantly expressed AT 1 -R, but the level of expression was less than that in fibrous regions. Cardiac fibroblasts isolated from CM hearts during heart failure but not from control hamsters expressed AT 2 -R (30 fmol/mg protein). Using the cardiac fibroblasts expressing AT 2 -R, we found that Ang II stimulated net collagenous protein production by 48% and pretreatment with an AT 2 -R antagonist, PD123319, evoked a further elevation (83%). Ang II–induced synthesis of fibronectin and collagen type I were enhanced by 40% and 53%, respectively, by pretreatment with PD123319. Ang II–induced DNA synthesis (assessed by [ 3 H]thymidine uptake) was significantly increased by PD123319, and the AT 2 -R agonist CGP42112A reduced the serum-stimulated increase in cell numbers by 23%. Treatment with an AT 1 -R antagonist, TCV116, for 20 weeks inhibited progression of interstitial fibrosis by 28%, whereas with 44-week PD123319 treatment but not 20-week treatment, the extent of the fibrous region was increased significantly, by 29%. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that AT 2 -R is reexpressed by cardiac fibroblasts present in fibrous regions in failing CM hearts and that the increased AT 2 -R exerts an anti–AT 1 -R action on the progression of interstitial fibrosis during cardiac remodeling by inhibiting both fibrillar collagen metabolism and growth of cardiac fibroblasts.
Correlates of Somatic Causal Attributions in Primary Care Patients with Fatigue
Authors: P. Cathébras, L. Jacquin, M. le Gal, C. Fayol, K. Bouchou, H. Rousset
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

Researchers in the field of chronic fatigue in tertiary care found that patients' somatic (e.g. viral) explanations for their condition may lead to chronicity of symptoms. We studied the influence of a somatic attributional bias on outcome and reported symptoms in primary care patients with fatigue. We compared fatigue scores on a specific scale, and number of presented symptoms, in two groups of primary care patients with 'functional' fatigue: 75 with a high score on the somatic subscale of the Fatigue Attribution Scale (S-FAS), and 95 with a low score on the S-FAS. At the index visit, patients with low and high scores on the S-FAS were not different for age, sex, fatigue scores, and levels of depressive symptoms. Patients with high scores on the S-FAS presented significantly more somatic and psychological symptoms – a total of 36 symptoms for 24 patients (25.3%) in the low-score group, and a total of 52 symptoms for 31 patients (41.3%) in the high-score group. Forty-two days later, at the follow-up visit, the fatigue scores were similar in both groups. In primary care patients with fatigue not due to somatic illnesss or major depression, the tendency to attribute fatigue to somatic causes is not associated with a worse outcome, but with a higher number of reported symptoms.
Responsibilities of Consultants
Authors: C. F. Allenby, A. A. Buchanan, R. Chignell, P. Dutton, A. W. Ferguson, S. K. Ganczakowski, R. C. Hallam, R. G. Miller, G. G. Muir, G. R. C. Peatfield, A. G. Pollen, J. C. Valentine, J. C. Watts, R. H. Welch, N. R. W. Wynn-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1968)
Relation between serum cholesterol and haemoglobin values.
Authors: M Boga, P A Szemere
Journal: BMJ (1973)

digitalization, during which they used an arbitrary fixed dosage schedule.They also give no information on the severity of the cardiac failure in their series of 43 children and the only comment on the clinical re- sponse is that "no toxic symptoms were noted on this regimen, and heart rate and failure were well controlled."Digoxin was administered to all their patients by mouth as an elixir.Are they suggesting that intramuscular digoxin is un- necessary in cardiac failure or is the implication that in all their patients the failure was mild enough to permit oral therapy?If the authors could provide the supplementary data on the clinical aspects of their cases, this would help considerably in the evaluation of their suggested dosage regimen.
Roentgenography in its Relationship to Clinical Findings in Pulmonary Tuberculosis*
Authors: A. G. SCHNACK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 February 1929Roentgenography in its Relationship to Clinical Findings in Pulmonary Tuberculosis*A. G. SCHNACK, A.M., M.D.A. G. SCHNACK, A.M., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-8-763 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA great deal of confusion exists in the interpretation of roentgenological chest findings in terms of symptoms, clinical findings, pathological findings, and prognosis. Many of our roentgenologists are laboriously trying to master details of what are supposed to be pictures characteristic of certain types of pulmonary tuberculosis, without considering any basic reason for the production of these types. The variations are so numerous and changing that one would be kept constantly on the jump to keep a patient correctly tabulated. No one can be surprised at the controversies that are continually arising between clinician and roentgenologist. Certain broad principles will...References(1) KRAUS AK: Anatomical Structure of Tubercle, American Review of Tuberculosis, Feb., 1928, Vol. XVII Google Scholar(2) WILLIS HS: Tuberculoimmunity and Tuberculoallergy, American Review of Tuberculosis, March, 1928, Vol. XVII. Google Scholar(3) RYDER CT: Innate Resistance to Tuberculosis, American Review of Tuberculosis, Feb., 1928, XVII. Google Scholar(4) SCHNACK AG: Roentgenography in Prognosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Am. Jour. Roentgenology and Radium Therapy, Nov., 1927, Vol. XVIII. Google Scholar(5) VAUGHAN V: Allergic Eczema, J. Lab. and Clin. Med., October, 1927, Vol. XIII. Google Scholar(6) MEDLARKATLIN : The Leucocytes of the Blood in Tuberculosis. Am. Review of Tuberculosis, Dec., 1927, Vol. XVI. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Honolulu, Hawaii PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1929Volume 2, Issue 8Page: 763-770KeywordsDiagnostic radiologyThorax Issue Published: 1 February 1929 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Screening for Lymphangioleiomyomatosis by High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Young, Nonsmoking Women Presenting with Spontaneous Pneumothorax Is Cost-Effective
Authors: Jared T. Hagaman, Daniel P. Schauer, Francis X. McCormack, Brent W. Kinder
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Women with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) who present with a sentinel spontaneous pneumothorax (SPTX) will experience an average of 2.5 additional pneumothoraces. The diagnosis of LAM is typically delayed until after the second pneumothorax.We hypothesized that targeted screening of an LAM-enriched population of nonsmoking women between the ages of 25 and 54 years, who present with a sentinel pneumothorax indicated by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), will facilitate early identification, definitive therapy, and improved quality of life for patients with LAM.We constructed a Markov state-transition model to assess the cost-effectiveness of screening. Rates of SPTX and prevalence of LAM in populations stratified by age, sex, and smoking status were derived from the literature. Costs of testing and treatment were extracted from 2007 Medicare data. We compared a strategy based on HRCT screening followed by pleurodesis for patients with LAM, versus no HRCT screening.The prevalence of LAM in nonsmoking women, between the ages of 25 and 54 years, with SPTX is estimated at 5% on the basis of the available literature. In our base case analysis, screening for LAM by HRCT is the most cost-effective strategy, with a marginal cost-effectiveness ratio of $32,980 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. Sensitivity analysis showed that HRCT screening remains cost-effective for groups in which the prevalence of LAM in the population subset screened is greater than 2.5%.Screening for LAM by HRCT in nonsmoking women age 25-54 that present with SPTX is cost-effective. Physicians are advised to screen for LAM by HRCT in this population.
Lift patent barriers to increase access to medicines, says commission
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

More action and resources are needed to improve access to life saving drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics in poor developing countries to stem the misery and death of millions of people a year, says a report by an independent commission.

The report, from the 10 member Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Public Health, includes 60 recommendations on how to provide access to lifesaving medicines that are not available in poor countries.

Ruth Dreifuss, the chairwoman of the commission, said that the regulatory authorities in rich and poor countries needed to work more closely together. She also said that countries should make full use of flexibilities allowed under the rules of the trade related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS), which are governed by the World …
D3-01: Genotyping single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) in ERCC1, XPD, XRCC1, XRCC3 and MDR1 and CCND1 genes for response and toxicity prediction in chemotherapy of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Milos Pesek, Franti∫ek Brùha, Radka Bittenglová, Gabriela Krákorová, Lucie Bene∫ová, Radka Slováèková, Josef Sampalík, Marek Minárik
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Defective cell mediated immunity in sarcoidosis: effect of interleukin-2.
Authors: D J Lyons, L Gao, E B Mitchell, D N Mitchell
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Interleukin-2 has been reported to enhance the immune response in diseases characterised by defective cell mediated immunity. The effect of exogenous recombinant interleukin-2 was studied on the proliferative and cytotoxic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 39 patients with sarcoidosis and 14 healthy control subjects. The proliferative response to purified protein derivative was smaller in patients than in control subjects (p less than 0.001) whereas the response to 80 U interleukin-2 alone and to purified protein derivative and interleukin-2 did not differ significantly between the two groups. In addition, in eight patients but no control subjects tritiated thymidine incorporation induced by the combination of purified protein derivative and interleukin-2 was more than twice the sum of that induced by purified protein derivative and interleukin separately. Cytotoxic activity occurring spontaneously and induced by purified protein derivative and interleukin-2 in blood mononuclear cells was significantly less for patients with sarcoidosis than for control subjects (p less than 0.05 spontaneous, less than 0.001 purified protein derivative induced, less than 0.02 interleukin induced). Synergism between antigen and interleukin did not occur with respect to the cytotoxic response in either patients or controls. Defective interleukin-2 production may contribute to, but does not entirely explain, the functional abnormalities of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis.
And a memorable day
Authors: Bryan Scaife
Journal: BMJ (2004)

It was January 1956 and the day on which I was to undertake the final part of “Conjoint surgery, clinical and viva.” I presented myself at Queen's Square and was conducted into the examination hall to meet my “long case.” He was a cheerful Cockney who, I realised, was no stranger to Queen's Square. With the minimum of fuss, he told me his history and his diagnosis: “It was a TB hip, doc.” Only a couple of weeks previously I had examined such a case in the outpatients clinic.

I completed the …
Therapeutic Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 by Interleukin-11 Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Masanori Obana, Makiko Maeda, Koji Takeda, Akiko Hayama, Tomomi Mohri, Tomomi Yamashita, Yoshikazu Nakaoka, Issei Komuro, Kiyoshi Takeda, Goro Matsumiya, Junichi Azuma, Yasushi Fujio
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Glycoprotein 130 is the common receptor subunit for the interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine family. Previously, we reported that pretreatment of IL-11, an IL-6 family cytokine, activates the glycoprotein 130 signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes and prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo; however, its long-term effects on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remain to be elucidated. Methods and Results— MI was generated by ligating the left coronary artery in C57BL/6 mice. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that IL-11 mRNA was remarkably upregulated in the hearts exposed to MI. Intravenous injection of IL-11 activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a downstream signaling molecule of glycoprotein 130, in cardiomyocytes in vivo, suggesting that cardiac myocytes are target cells of IL-11 in the hearts. Twenty-four hours after coronary ligation, IL-11 was administered intravenously, followed by consecutive administration every 24 hours for 4 days. IL-11 treatment reduced fibrosis area 14 days after MI, attenuating cardiac dysfunction. Consistent with a previous report that STAT3 exhibits antiapoptotic and angiogenic activity in the heart, IL-11 treatment prevented apoptotic cell death of the bordering myocardium adjacent to the infarct zone and increased capillary density at the border zone. Importantly, cardiac-specific ablation of STAT3 abrogated IL-11–mediated attenuation of fibrosis and was associated with left ventricular enlargement. Moreover, with the use of cardiac-specific transgenic mice expressing constitutively active STAT3, cardiac STAT3 activation was shown to be sufficient to prevent adverse cardiac remodeling. Conclusions— IL-11 attenuated cardiac fibrosis after MI through STAT3. Activation of the IL-11/glycoprotein 130/STAT3 axis may be a novel therapeutic strategy against cardiovascular diseases.
On Awakening Paralyzed During Surgery
Authors: Richard S. Blacher
Journal: JAMA (1975)

We have observed several cases of a traumatic neurotic syndrome in patients who awakened from light anesthesia while still unable to move. The subsequent symptoms of anxiety and irritability, preoccupation with death, and repetitive nightmares should lead the physician to suspect the condition even though the patient is reluctant to talk about it. A direct explanation of the situation often serves as a dramatic cure.
Abortion in Brucella abortus Fever
Authors: A. R. H. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1944)

MEDICAL MEMORANDAMEIAJORAmade, and the loop proximal to the strangulation identified.This was brought outside the abdomen on the left side, at its nearest point to the strangulation but without any undue tension.No further manipulation was carried out, and the abdomen was closed.A Paul's tube was inserted into this loop, which was about the middle of the small intestine; it will be noted that the ileostomy was performed on the side opposite to the strangulation in order to leave room for a later operation near the site of obstruction.FuLrthermore, the loop of ileum was brought entirely outside the abdomen in order to ensure complete drainage: an ordinary ileostomy, with a catheter, would probably not have sufficed.Intravenous saline was continued, and five days after the ileostomy the patient was again brought to the theatre.Under spinal anaesthesia (light percaine) an oblique incision was made over the right iliac fossa.and the proximal and distal loops of the hernia were identified.These were clamped some three inches from tlle point of strangulation, divided, and an end-to-end anastomosis per- formed.The loops entering the hernial sac were closed off and oversewn.No great amount of manipulation was carried out, as the incision was immediately over the site of the anastomosis, and, further-more, it was unnecessary to divide the respective mesenteries; the ends of the gut were just apposed to each other and anastomosed.At the conclusion of the operation the wound was sealed off by
SEQUENT PLEASE WORLD WIDE REGISTRY: EFFICACY OF PACLITAXEL COATED BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY FOR TREATMENT OF DRUG-ELUTING STENT RESTENOSIS COMPARED WITH BARE-METAL STENT RESTENOSIS
Authors: Jochen Woehrle, Wolfgang Motz, Sven Moebius-Winkler, Matthias Leschke, Christian Opitz, Waqas Ahmed, Paul Barragan, Jean-Philippe Simon, Graham Cassel, Luis Elbal, Bruno Scheller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Comparison of In Vitro Anticancer-Drug-Screening Data Generated With a Tetrazolium Assay Versus a Protein Assay Against a Diverse Panel of Human Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: L. V. Rubinstein, R. H. Shoemaker, K. D. Paull, R. M. Simon, S. Tosini, P. Skehan, D. A. Scudiero, A. Monks, M. R. Boyd
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is implementing a large-scale in vitro drug-screening program that requires a very efficient automated assay of drug effects on tumor cell viability or growth. Many laboratories worldwide have adopted a microculture assay based on metabolic reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). However, because of certain technical advantages to use of the protein-binding dye sulforhodamine B (SRB) in a large-scale screening application, a detailed comparison of data generated by each type of assay was undertaken. The MTT and SRB assays were each used to test 197 compounds, on simultaneous days, against up to 38 human tumor cell lines representing seven major tumor categories. On subsequent days, 38 compounds were retested with the SRB assay and 25 compounds were retested with the MTT assay. For each of these three comparisons, we tabulated the differences between the two assays in the ratios of test group values to control values (T/C) for cell survival; calculated correlation coefficients for various T/C ratios; and estimated the bivariate distribution of the values for IC 50 (concentration of drug resulting in T/C values of 50%, or 50% growth inhibition) for the two assays. The results indicate that under the experimental conditions used and within the limits of the data analyses, the assays perform similarly. Because the SRB assay has practical advantages for large-scale screening, however, it has been adopted for routine use in the NCI in vitro antitumor screen.
Denmark: the elderly living in style.
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In the next 20 years every country in Western Europe will see a rise in its total numbers of people aged over 60, and since old people are now living longer the proportion aged over 75 will also rise. Both physical and mental disorders become much more common between 60 and 75, so that if these old people are to be provided with accommodation and medical services at contemporary standards many more places will be needed in sheltered flats, nursing homes, and geriatric hospitals. Yet in the current economic recession most European countries are trying to cut back on public expenditure. How do politicians and administrators reconcile the conflict between the demands created by demographic change and the freeze on public spending? How will the care of the elderly change in response to this conflict? Tony Smith is examining the ways in which old people are looked after in several European countries and their plans for the future. This first article deals with Denmark.
INJECTION OF BOILING WATER IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: MILES F. PORTER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Accepting the theory that the symptom-complex shown in exophthalmic goiter was best explained by an hyperactivity of the thyroid-gland cells and having had some very satisfactory experiences in t he treatment of angiomas by the injection of boiling water as first advised by Dr. John Wyeth of New York, it occurred to me that the injection of boiling water into the hyperactive thyroid gland might prove a safe andefficient remedy in exophthalmic goiter.  I first suggested the treatment at the St. Louis meeting of the Southern Surgical Association in December, 1908. In 1909 experiments were made for me on three dogs by Drs. C. G. Beall and H. K. Mouser. These experiments seemed to show that the treatment was safe and that the injections of boiling water would destroy both normal and goitrous gland tissue.  On this basis I commenced the treatment. Up to date the treatment has been used
Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers
Authors: Clifford R Jack, David S Knopman, William J Jagust, Ronald C Petersen, Michael W Weiner, Paul S Aisen, Leslie M Shaw, Prashanthi Vemuri, Heather J Wiste, Stephen D Weigand, Timothy G Lesnick, Vernon S Pankratz, Michael C Donohue, John Q Trojanowski
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2013)