tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and Misperceptions of Race and Drug Use
Authors: Mindy Thompson Fullilove
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In 1990 I coauthored an article entitled "Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Black Adolescent Crack Users in Oakland and San Francisco, Calif."<sup>1</sup>We became interested in the connection between crack cocaine and sexually transmitted diseases because data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, and from the San Francisco Department of Health indicated that gonorrhea rates among 15- to 19-year-old black women in the Bay Area had been increasing dramatically in neighborhoods that were also reporting high rates of crack cocaine—related arrests. We confined our survey to black adolescents because they were identified as being at greatest risk for both gonorrhea and involvement with crack cocaine sales and use in the Bay Area. One regrettable (but predictable) outcome of publishing this article, however, was that it contributed to an already pervasive belief that "crack is a black problem" or, worse, that crack use in the United
MOUTHPIECE PROMOTING ACCURACY IN USE OF HEMOCYTOMETER PIPET
Authors: O. C. Amstutz
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Care is required in filling the white pipet of a hemocytometer because of its relatively large bore. Boggs suggested cutting the rubber tube and inserting a Wright throttle. While this device permits one to draw in blood more slowly and thus more accurately, it is easily stopped and is breakable. Some skill is required in its manufacture.  For the past two years I have been getting satisfactory results by removing the mouthpiece of the pipet and substituting a 25 gage rustless-steel hypodermic needle. I also use one on my red pipet. The hub is all that is necessary, but I have never broken the tips off my needles. Any obstruction can be quickly removed by the use of the ordinary cleaning-wire. This method gives perfect control of the flow of liquid into the pipet.
Stereoencephaloscopic Findings in Internal Hydrocephalus
Authors: J. lizuka
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

A new technique for an endoscopic intracranial diagnosis by the use of a stereotaxic aiming apparatus, aided by documentary colour photographs, is described and its clinical value discussed with particular reference to the internal hydrocephalus. The stereoencephaloscopy was successful in disclosing, in hydrocephalic children, manifold pathological aspects of intraventricular conditions associated with intracranial hypertension and intraventricular inflammation and adhesion.
Authors' reply to Corbin, Moore, and Coebergh
Authors: A. L. Hansell, J. Gulliver, S. Beevers, P. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (2013)

In our recent paper on aircraft noise and cardiovascular disease near Heathrow airport we concluded, “As well as the possibility of causal associations, alternative explanations such as residual confounding . . . should be considered.”1 Responses to our paper put forward possible candidates.2 3 4

Corbin suggests that ultrafine particulate air pollution (PM0.1) from aircraft could be a possible explanation for our findings.2 Although increased concentrations of such particles have been found …
<i>ADCYAP1R1</i> and Asthma in Puerto Rican Children
Authors: Wei Chen, Nadia Boutaoui, John M. Brehm, Yueh-Ying Han, Cassandra Schmitz, Alex Cressley, Edna Acosta-Pérez, María Alvarez, Angel Colón-Semidey, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Daniel E. Weeks, Jay K. Kolls, Glorisa Canino, Juan C. Celedón
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Epigenetic and/or genetic variation in the gene encoding the receptor for adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (ADCYAP1R1) has been linked to post-traumatic stress disorder in adults and anxiety in children. Psychosocial stress has been linked to asthma morbidity in Puerto Rican children.To examine whether epigenetic or genetic variation in ADCYAP1R1 is associated with childhood asthma in Puerto Ricans.We conducted a case-control study of 516 children ages 6-14 years living in San Juan, Puerto Rico. We assessed methylation at a CpG site in the promoter of ADCYAP1R1 (cg11218385) using a pyrosequencing assay in DNA from white blood cells. We tested whether cg11218385 methylation (range, 0.4-6.1%) is associated with asthma using logistic regression. We also examined whether exposure to violence (assessed by the Exposure to Violence [ETV] Scale in children 9 yr and older) is associated with cg11218385 methylation (using linear regression) or asthma (using logistic regression). Logistic regression was used to test for association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in ADCYAP1R1 (rs2267735) and asthma under an additive model. All multivariate models were adjusted for age, sex, household income, and principal components.EACH 1% increment in cg11218385 methylation was associated with increased odds of asthma (adjusted odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.6; P = 0.03). Among children 9 years and older, exposure to violence was associated with cg11218385 methylation. The C allele of single nucleotide polymorphism rs2267735 was significantly associated with increased odds of asthma (adjusted odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.67; P = 0.03).Epigenetic and genetic variants in ADCYAP1R1 are associated with asthma in Puerto Rican children.
Susceptibility to Friend helper virus leukemias in CXB recombinant inbred mice.
Authors: J E Silver, T N Fredrickson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The seven CXB recombinant inbred strains were tested for susceptibility to Friend helper virus (F-MuLV) hematopoietic neoplasms. BALB/c and CXB-H mice develop erythroblastosis after neonatal inoculation with F-MuLV, while C57BL/6 and the six other RI strains develop lymphoma and myelogenous leukemia. This strain distribution pattern is different from that for H-2, Gpd-1 (linked to Fv-1), Fv-2, Rfv-3, and Cv (linked to Rmcf) but the same as that for Bv, the endogenous ecotropic virus of C57BL/6. However, analysis of crosses segregating Bv show that resistance to F-MuLV erythroblastosis is not linked to Bv. Disease-free survival is shortest for BALB/c mice, intermediate for CXB-H and CXB-J, and longest for C57BL/6 and the other RI strains. We conclude: (a) the major C57BL/6 gene for resistance to F-MuLV erythroblastosis is different from previously identified Friend virus restriction loci; (b) latency for F-MuLV leukemias is controlled by more than one gene; and (c) latency and susceptibility to F-MuLV erythroblastosis are not inherited concordantly in the CXB-RI strains.
Treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Thrombocytopenia with Vincristine in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: DAVID M. MINTZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Kaposi's sarcoma occurs in about one third of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Although in some patients the tumor is principally a cosmetic problem, other patients have progressive disease with significant morbidity. Twenty-three patients with Kaposi's sarcoma related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were treated with vincristine. Three patients had a coexisting immune thrombocytopenia. Of the 18 patients evaluable for response, 11 had a partial response and 7 had a minor response. The median duration of partial response was 4 + months. All 3 thrombocytopenic patients developed a significant increase in platelet count, which in 2 was sustained with continued treatment for 6 and 9 months, respectively. We conclude that vincristine has antitumor activity in the epidemic form of Kaposi's sarcoma and that it is also effective in the treatment of associated immune thrombocytopenia.
Priming and effector dependence on insulin B:9–23 peptide in NOD islet autoimmunity
Authors: Maki Nakayama, Joshua N. Beilke, Jean M. Jasinski, Masakazu Kobayashi, Dongmei Miao, Marcella Li, Marilyne G. Coulombe, Edwin Liu, John F. Elliott, Ronald G. Gill, George S. Eisenbarth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

NOD mice with knockout of both native insulin genes and a mutated proinsulin transgene, alanine at position B16 in preproinsulin (B16:A-dKO mice), do not develop diabetes. Transplantation of NOD islets, but not bone marrow, expressing native insulin sequences (tyrosine at position B16) into B16:A-dKO mice rapidly restored development of insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) and insulitis, despite the recipients' pancreatic islets lacking native insulin sequences. Splenocytes from B16:A-dKO mice that received native insulin–positive islets induced diabetes when transferred into wild-type NOD/SCID or B16:A-dKO NOD/SCID mice. Splenocytes from mice immunized with native insulin B chain amino acids 9–23 (insulin B:9–23) peptide in CFA induced rapid diabetes upon transfer only in recipients expressing the native insulin B:9–23 sequence in their pancreata. Additionally, CD4+ T cells from B16:A-dKO mice immunized with native insulin B:9–23 peptide promoted IAAs in NOD/SCID mice. These results indicate that the provision of native insulin B:9–23 sequences is sufficient to prime anti-insulin autoimmunity and that subsequent transfer of diabetes following peptide immunization requires native insulin B:9–23 expression in islets. Our findings demonstrate dependence on B16 alanine versus tyrosine of insulin B:9–23 for both the initial priming and the effector phase of NOD anti-islet autoimmunity.
Revalidation is the answer
Authors: G. Buckley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Education and debate pp 1180 −92 

Revalidation is the current focus of attention in the unending examination of the roles, rights, and responsibilities of professions. On behalf of the public, governments may permit and sometimes encourage groups with special skills to have a monopoly in providing services. When the public is not in a good position to judge the quality of a service, the training, qualifications, and codes of ethics and behaviour of a self regulated profession have traditionally provided the desired protection. However, these structural characteristics of a profession are no longer enough to reassure a less deferential and better informed public. This is true for all professions and for all developed countries. So it is against this background that moves towards revalidation of doctors in the United Kingdom should be seen.

Societies now expect evidence of the effectiveness of services and of the continuing competence of individual practitioners. The introduction of clinical governance within organisations and revalidation for individuals has been the first step to meeting this expectation in health care in the UK. For many doctors …
In adults, use of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs was associated with increased risk for mortality
Authors: Steven M. Belknap
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club15 July 2014In adults, use of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs was associated with increased risk for mortalitySteven M. Belknap, MD, FACP, FCPSteven M. Belknap, MD, FACP, FCPNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA (S.M.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-2-201407150-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationWeich S, Pearce HL, Croft P, et al. Effect of anxiolytic and hypnotic drug prescriptions on mortality hazards: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2014;348:g1996. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24647164Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Mental Health: References1 Sellers EM, Naranjo CA, Harrison M, et al. Diazepam loading: simplified treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983;34:822-6. [PMID: 6641099] Google Scholar2 Glass J, Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N, Sproule BA, Busto UE. Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefits. BMJ. 2005;331:1169. [PMID: 16284208] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Steven M. Belknap, MD, FACP, FCPAffiliations: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA (S.M.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 July 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEvaluation of Antidiabetic, Antidiarrheal and Sedative Effects of the Methanolic Extract of Clerodendrum viscosum Roots in MicePrescription of Sedative Drugs During Hospital Stay: A Swiss Prospective Study 15 July 2014Volume 161, Issue 2Page: JC11KeywordsAnxiolyticsAsthmaChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCohort studiesDefined daily doseDrug interactionsDrugsHypnotic drugsIschemic strokeMortality ePublished: 15 July 2014 Issue Published: 15 July 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tuberculosis and genius
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

There was a time when readers had to cut the pages of the books they bought, and real bibliophiles don’t cut the pages when they find such an old book in the state in which it was sold. To do so seems to them almost sacrilegious, but this is to make of books an object of fetish rather than a tool of culture and intellect.

Besides, there is a satisfaction to be had from cutting the pages with a good knife and an excitement in looking at a page that no one has seen before. I recently experienced these joys with a book published in 1926, Genius: Some Revaluations , by the doctor Arthur C Jacobson (1872-1958). …
Adipose hypocellularity in cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Authors: D Baum, M P Stern
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Height, weight, total body fat, adipocyte size (cellular lipid content), total adipocyte number, and lean body mass were studied in two groups of similar aged children with congenital heart disease. One group was comprised of 19 children cyanotic from infancy. The second group was made up of 16 asymptomatic, acyanotic patients and served as the basis for age and sex adjusted comparisons. Cyanotic patients were lighter (P less than 0.001) and had less total body fat (P less than 0.001). Although there was no difference in adipocyte size, total adipocyte number was less in the cyanotic children (P less than 0.001), suggesting that the reduced body fat found with cyanosis is due to adipocyte hypocellularity. The additional observation that cyanotic patients were shorter (P less than 0.003) and had less lean body mass (P less than 0.001) than noncyanotic children implies that early hypoxemia produces widespread abnormalities which impair growth.
Iron-responsive element-binding protein in hemochromatosis liver and intestine
Authors: Peter R. Flanagan, Attila Hajdu, Paul C. Adams
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Iron-responsive element-binding protein (IRE-BP) activity was studied in liver and intestinal samples of hemochromatosis and control patients using a short 32P-IRE-RNA probe on "retardation" nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. IRE-BP activity was assessed in liver biopsy specimens in 36 patients--16 hemochromatosis homozygotes, 4 hemochromatosis heterozygotes, 6 patients with secondary iron overload, and 10 control patients with normal hepatic iron concentrations. Intestinal IRE-BP activity was assessed in 14 hemochromatosis homozygotes and 16 normal subjects. Endogenous IRE-BP activity was determined from 32P retarded on the gel, and total IRE-BP activity was assessed after reducing tissue samples with 2-mercaptoethanol. Hepatic endogenous IRE-BP activity was inversely related to hepatic iron concentration (r = .59, P < .0002). Mean hepatic endogenous IRE-BP activity in the hemochromatosis homozygotes, 0.25 +/- 0.04 pmol/mg protein, was significantly decreased compared with values in the normal controls, 0.45 +/- 0.06 pmol/mg protein, P < .05. Hepatic total IRE-BP was also significantly decreased in the hemochromatosis patients by gel retardation assay and Western blotting with anti-IRE-BP antibody. Intestinal endogenous IRE-BP activity, total IRE-BP activity, and iron concentration did not significantly differ between hemochromatosis patients and normal control subjects. This suggests that both endogenous IRE-BP activity and the total amount of the protein are downregulated in the liver by tissue iron. Intestinal IRE-BP activity that regulates intestinal transferrin receptor expression is normal in hemochromatosis and appropriate for the intracellular iron concentration.
Procedures in practice. Kidney biopsy.
Authors: R McGonigle, P Sharpstone
Journal: BMJ (1980)

BIOPSYIndications .~~~~~Patients with renal glomerular disease may present with similar clinical features yet have conditions ranging from the trivial to the life-threatening.-5W < pUTheir prognosis and treatment depend on the renal pathology, andV" 1 I i s z z :} -v S t ihistological examination of the kidney is often the only way to make the diagnosis.Needle biopsy, however, provides a sample of only about 20 of the 2 000 000 glomeruli, so is unhelpful and may give misleading resultsin patchy conditions such as chronic pyelonephritis.It is most valuable in
Cardiac Arrest During Exercise Training
Authors: Howard R. Pyfer
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A 61-year-old man with a history of two myocardial infarctions had been actively participating in a group rehabilitation program for six months at the time he experienced cardiac arrest. Resuscitation by defibrillation in the gymnasium was successful. A review of symptoms and signs that were present prior to the defibrillation plus the fact that defibrillation was successful suggests that the patient did have fibrillation as the cause of the cardiac arrest. Preparedness on the part of anyone conducting group exercise programs is essential. Oxygen, defibrillator, nitroglycerin, and various medications are recommended. Observation of each other by members of a rehabilitation class is also invaluable. Members can note whether or not a classmate is behaving in his usual fashion, and if not, this should be reported to the individuals in charge. Medical or paramedical personnel trained in emergency procedures should also be present at each exercise session.
Incidental Detection of Bronchogenic Carcinoma During Tc-99m SESTAMIBI Cardiac Imaging
Authors: PETER J. STROUSE, DAVID C. WANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A case in which a central poorly differentiated large cell bronchogenic carcinoma was incidentally detected in a 68-year-old woman with angina being evaluated with Tc- 99m SESTAMIBI myocardial perfusion analysis is reported.
Researchers recommend routine HIV testing for patients in Indian hospitals
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Indian researchers at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, have recommended a policy of routine screening for HIV in all Indian hospitals.

“Given the high absolute number of HIV infections in India and in particular the rise of new infection and cases of transmission reported across special subgroups, we may need to revisit our screening policies,” write Ranjana Minz and colleagues from the institute’s department of immunopathology, in a study published online on 7 October in the International Journal of STD and AIDS .1

Currently, the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) in India does not recommend routine HIV screening of all patients at healthcare centres. The organisation’s …
Retinal Arteriolar Diameter and Risk for Hypertension
Authors: Tien Yin Wong, Ronald Klein, A. Richey Sharrett, Bruce B. Duncan, David J. Couper, Barbara E.K. Klein, Larry D. Hubbard, F. Javier Nieto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Narrowing of the small arterioles has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension, but prospective clinical data are lacking.To examine the relation of retinal arteriolar narrowing to incident hypertension in healthy middle-aged persons.Prospective cohort study.The population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, conducted in 4 U.S. communities.5628 persons 49 to 73 years of age without preexisting hypertension.Diameters of retinal vessels were measured from digitized retinal photographs. A summary arteriole-to-venule ratio was computed as an indicator of generalized arteriolar narrowing; a lower ratio indicated greater narrowing. Areas of focal arteriolar narrowing were defined from photographs by using a standard protocol. Incident hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher, or use of antihypertensive medication, was identified from the cohort.After 3 years of follow-up, 811 (14.4%) persons had developed hypertension. The incidence of hypertension was higher in persons with lower arteriole-to-venule ratios (incidence of 8.9%, 12.3%, 13.7%, 14.3%, and 22.3%, comparing decreasing quintiles of the ratio) and in persons with focal arteriolar narrowing than in those without focal arteriolar narrowing (25.1% vs. 13.0%). After the authors controlled for the average systolic and diastolic blood pressures over the preceding 6 years, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and other risk factors, the odds of developing hypertension were approximately 60% higher in persons with lower arteriole-to-venule ratios (odds ratio, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.21 to 2.18] comparing lowest to highest quintile; P = 0.006 for trend) and focal arteriolar narrowing (odds ratio, 1.61 [CI, 1.27 to 2.04]; P < 0.001).Smaller retinal arteriolar diameters are independently associated with incident hypertension, which suggests that arteriolar narrowing may be linked to the occurrence and development of hypertension.
asymmetrical behavior without an asymmetrical brain: corpus callosum and neuroplasticity
Authors: andrei c. miu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

the theory put forward by vallortigara &amp; rogers (v&amp;r) to explain the versatility of directional asymmetries at the population level argues that the strength of lateralization is controlled by social learning. this shaping of behavioral asymmetries by a non-stationary pressure probably involves a marked degree of neuroplasticity. i discuss the limits of neuroplasticity along with the evolution of the corpus callosum.
Imports of polio to China and western Africa threaten global eradication
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The global campaign to eradicate polio has received a boost with major advances towards wiping out the disease in India, one of the four remaining countries where it is endemic, and a donation to the World Health Organization of a strain to make vaccines. 

But the campaign, spearheaded by WHO, Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Unicef, also faces serious setbacks. These include an increase in numbers of cases this year in the other three countries where it is endemic—Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria—and imports of the disease into formerly polio free China and some African countries.

On 20 September WHO said …