tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Laser capture microdissection enables cellular and molecular studies of tooth root development
Authors: Jian-Xun Sun, Orapin V Horst, Roger Bumgarner, Bryce Lakely, Martha J Somerman, Hai Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

Epithelial–mesenchymal interactions (EMIs) are critical for tooth development. Molecular mechanisms mediating these interactions in root formation is not well understood. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and subsequent microarray analyses enable large scale in situ molecular and cellular studies of root formation but to date have been hindered by technical challenges of gaining intact histological sections of non-decalcified mineralized teeth or jaws with well-preserved RNA. Here,we describe a new method to overcome this obstacle that permits LCM of dental epithelia,adjacent mesenchyme,odontoblasts and cementoblasts from mouse incisors and molars during root development. Using this method,we obtained RNA samples of high quality and successfully performed microarray analyses. Robust differences in gene expression,as well as genes not previously associated with root formation,were identified. Comparison of gene expression data from microarray with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) supported our findings. These genes include known markers of dental epithelia,mesenchyme,cementoblasts and odontoblasts,as well as novel genes such as those in the fibulin family. In conclusion,our new approach in tissue preparation enables LCM collection of intact cells with well-preserved RNA allowing subsequent gene expression analyses using microarray and RT-PCR to define key regulators of tooth root development. Meticulous laser excision of oral tissues has enabled researchers from the US and China to identify genes involved in tooth-root development. Better understanding of the spatial and temporal regulation of these genes could open the way for gum and tooth regenerative therapies. Led by Hai Zhang from the University of Washington,Seattle,the researchers used two complementary gene profiling approaches to identify genes that were differentially expressed in pure samples of five cell- and tissue-types excised from one- and two-week-old mice using the technique known as laser capture microdissection. The findings will help scientists to elucidate the carefully orchestrated molecular interactions between the epidermal and mesenchymal cell layers that control root formation,including the dramatic differentiation of soft tissues into enamel—the body's hardest tissue.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Promotes Peritumoral Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Metastasis
Authors: Meit A. Björndahl, Renhai Cao, Jeremy B. Burton, Ebba Brakenhielm, Piotr Religa, Dagmar Galter, Lily Wu, Yihai Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Metastases are commonly found in the lymphatic system. The molecular mechanism of lymphatic metastasis is, however, poorly understood. Here we report that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A stimulated lymphangiogenesis in vivo and that overexpression of VEGF-A in murine T241 fibrosarcomas induced the growth of peritumoral lymphatic vessels, which occasionally penetrated into the tumor tissue. As a result of peritumoral lymphangiogenesis, metastases in lymph nodes of mice were detected. VEGF-A–overexpressing tumors contained high numbers of infiltrating inflammatory cells such as macrophages, which are known to express VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1. It seemed that in the mouse cornea, VEGF-A stimulated lymphangiogenesis through a VEGF-C/-D/VEGFR-3–independent pathway as a VEGFR-3 antagonist selectively inhibited VEGF-C–induced, but not VEGF-A–induced, lymphangiogenesis. Our data show that VEGF-A contributes to lymphatic mestastasis. Thus, blockage of VEGF-A–induced lymphangiogenesis may provide a novel approach for prevention and treatment of lymphatic metastasis.
Pharmacogenetics and the Fetus
Authors: Stephen P. Spielberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

It is well accepted in clinical medicine that there is wide variation between patients in the handling of and response to drugs; these differences are based in part on genetic mechanisms. Pharmacogenetic differences among patients contribute to altered drug kinetics, resulting in failure of therapy or in side effects related to blood levels after standard doses. Predisposition to idiosyncratic reactions (hepatotoxicity, aplastic anemia, or even carcinogenesis) may also be genetically determined.1 Similarly, not all fetuses exposed to a potential teratogen in utero will have birth defects, and the pattern of any abnormalities may vary. Some of the differences may result . . .
Intracellular signalling through protein kinases in the heart
Authors: P. H. Sugden, M. A. Bogoyevitch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Protein kinases play important roles in intracellular signalling pathways in probably all cells. In the heart, they are involved in the regulation of ion handling, contractility, fuel metabolism and growth. In this review, we discuss the consequences of activation of protein kinases known to be expressed in the heart. We concentrate principally on the following: cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.
Toward a synthesis of dynamical systems and classical computation
Authors: Frank van der Velde, Marc de Kamps
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Cognitive agents are dynamical systems but not quantitative dynamical systems. Quantitative systems are forms of analogue computation, which is physically too unreliable as a basis for cognition. Instead, cognitive agents are dynamical systems that implement discrete forms of computation. Only such a synthesis of discrete computation and dynamical systems can provide the mathematical basis for modeling cognitive behavior.
The tao of thinking
Authors: Deborah Frisch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

I discuss several problems with Stanovich &amp; West's research and suggest an alternative way to frame the rationality debate. The debate is about whether analytic (System 2) thinking is superior to intuitive (System 1) thinking or whether the two modes are complementary. I suggest that the System 1/System 2 distinction is equivalent to the Chinese concepts of yin and yang and that the two modes are complementary.
Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease
Authors: Jeffrey M. Jones
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 June 1991Serodiagnosis of Lyme DiseaseJeffrey M. Jones, MD, PhDJeffrey M. Jones, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-12-1064_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Rahn and Malawista (1) rightly point out that serologic testing for Lyme disease is poorly standardized. In addition to the problem of interlaboratory reproducibility of results, another problem must be considered: None of the currently used antibody tests has been rigorously proved to detect antibodies specific for Borrelia burgdorferi. Too few control sera specimens have been studied to evaluate specificity adequately, given the widespread use of these tests.Wilske and colleagues (2) and Hunter and coworkers (3) studied 13 sera specimens with anti-B?. burgdorferi immunofluorescentantibody (IFA) titers of 1:256 or higher from patients with well-documented Lyme disease....References1. RahnMalawista DF. Lyme disease: recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:472-81. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WilskeSchierzPreac-MursicPfisterEinhaupl BGVHK. Serologic diagnosis of erythema migrans disease and related disorders. Infection. 1984;12:331-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HunterRussellFarshySampsonLarsen EHCJS. Evaluation of sera from patients with Lyme disease in the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test for syphilis. Sex Transm Dis. 1986;13:232-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BlancoRadolfLovettMiller DJMJ. Correlation of treponemicidal activity in normal human serum with the presence of IgG antibody directed against polypeptides of Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter and Treponema pallidum, Nichols strain. J Immunol. 1986;137:2031-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. WosWicher SK. Extensive cross reactivity between Treponema pallidum and cultivable treponemes demonstrated by sequential immunoadsorption. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1986;79:282-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Wisconsin Health Sciences Center William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, WI 53705 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByInterlaboratory comparison of test results for detection of Lyme disease by 516 participants in the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene/College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing ProgramInfectious Diseases 15 June 1991Volume 114, Issue 12Page: 1064-1064KeywordsBorrelia burgdorferiLyme diseaseReproducibilitySerodiagnosisSpecificity Issue Published: 15 June 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Expectation of Death: Case Reports with Implications for Medical and Psychiatric Care
Authors: Gordon D. Jensen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

4 cases are reported in which fatal outcome is attributed to expectation of death. They illustrate the role of the individual and the interaction of the individual and the family. These cases support the contention that the expectation of death and the probability of lethal outcome are high under conditions of crisis, old age, illness, and sin. 2 cases exemplify techniques by which primary caregivers may prevent premature death in persons in which expectation is operative. Awareness of the process will facilitate appropriate diagnostic evaluation which can lead to effective management.
Human fetal liver gamma/delta T cells predominantly use unusual rearrangements of the T cell receptor delta and gamma loci expressed on both CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8- gamma/delta T cells.
Authors: K W Wucherpfennig, Y J Liao, M Prendergast, J Prendergast, D A Hafler, J L Strominger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Substantial numbers of both alpha/beta and gamma/delta T cells are present in human fetal liver, which suggests a role of the fetal liver in T cell development. The diversity of fetal liver T cell receptor (TCR) gamma and delta chain rearrangements was examined among both CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8- gamma/delta T cell clones. In addition, TCR delta chain transcripts from three fetal livers were sequenced after polymerase chain reaction amplification of TCR delta chains with V delta 1 or V delta 2 rearrangements. Five of six fetal liver gamma/delta T cell clones had a V delta 2-D delta 3-J delta 3 gene rearrangement with limited junctional diversity; three of these clones had an unusual CD4+CD8- phenotype. V delta 2-D delta 3-J delta 3 gene rearrangements were also common among both in-frame and out-of-frame transcripts from three fetal livers, indicating that they are the result of an ordered rearrangement process. TCR gamma chain sequences of the fetal liver gamma/delta T cell clones revealed V gamma 1-J gamma 2.3, V gamma 2-J gamma 1.2, and V gamma 3-J gamma 1.1 rearrangements with minimal incorporation of template-independent N region nucleotides. TCR gamma chain rearrangements found in these fetal liver T cell clones were different from those that have been observed among early thymic gamma/delta T cell populations, while similar TCR delta chain rearrangements are found among gamma/delta T cells from both sites. These data demonstrate that the fetal liver harbors gamma/delta T cell populations distinct from those found in the fetal thymus, suggesting that the fetal liver is a site of gamma/delta T cell development in humans. These unusual T cell populations may serve a specific function in the fetal immune system.
How trustworthy are bowel histories? Comparison of recalled and recorded information.
Authors: A P Manning, J B Wyman, K W Heaton
Journal: BMJ (1976)

One hundred and fifty hospital outpatients were questioned about their bowel habits and then asked to record these in diary booklets for two weeks. Overall, recalled and recorded figures for frequency of defecation agreed fairly closely, but in 16% of patients there was a discrepancy of three or more bowel actions per week. This was usually an exaggeration of the difference from the norm of one a day. Patients were bad at predicting episodes of changed bowel frequency. These findings cast doubt on the value of population surveys of bowel habit based solely on questionnaires. They also suggest that the irritable bowel syndrome might be correctly diagnosed more often if patients were routinely asked to record their bowel actions.
Abstract B7: Annexin V inhibits local but not systemic murine fibrosarcoma growth by blocking phosphatidylserine
Authors: Maen Masadeh, Chaobo Yin, Joel Shilyansky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Phosphatidylserine (PS), a phospholipid expressed on the cytoplasmic surface of plasma membrane, becomes externalized during apoptosis and regulates immune activation. During our previous studies, we found that live tumor cells can express PS on the cell surface. We hypothesized that PS expression allows tumors to escape immune destruction, and blocking PS with annexin V (AnV) would retard tumor growth. Materials and methods: CMS5 fibrosarcoma tumor cells were engineered to secrete AnV. Balb/c mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 105-106 CMS5 cells. Tumor growth was determined. Data was analyzed using student t-test. Results: WT tumors grew significantly faster than AnV secreting tumors, with average size of 0.876 cm3 compared to 0.320 cm3 (p&amp;lt;0.05) in immune competent but not in SCID mice. To test whether AnV secreting tumors are intrinsically altered we inoculated mice with a mixture of 25% AnV secreting and 75% WT tumor cells. Growth of mixed cell tumors was identical to AnV secreting tumors, and was significantly smaller than WT tumors, 0.876 cm3 compared to 0.324 cm3 (p&amp;lt;0.05). To determine whether the effect of AnV was local or systemic mice were inoculated with tumor cells on each flank. Regardless of the type of tumor on the opposite side, WT tumors grew significantly faster than AnV secreting tumors with average size of .684 cm3 versus 0.345 cm3 (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated blocking tumor PS with AnV retards local tumor growth. The effects of AnV require an intact immune system. These findings suggest that PS promotes tumor tolerance and blocking PS with AnV may be used in future immunotherapy studies.
Unusual Tc-99m and 1-123 Images in Metastatic Thyroid Adenocarcinoma
Authors: GLENDA D. DONOGHUE, JEHUDA J. STEINBACH, ALAN R. WINTERBERGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

A patient with metastatic thyroid carcinoma showed discordance of I-123 and Tc-99m imaging results. In addition, despite close histologic similarities, the metastatic lesions differed considerably in their ability to trap Tc-99m.
Foreign body in the myocardium as a cause of constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Y. Kishon, Y. Pauzner, F. Dalith, H. N. Neufeld
Journal: Thorax (1967)

An unusual case of constrictive pericarditis, caused by lodging of a needle in the heart wall, is presented and discussed. Attention is focused on the rapid development of the constriction and the benefit gained from surgical intervention.
THE PENETRATION OF ULTRAVIOLET RAYS INTO ANIMAL TISSUE
Authors: Albert Bachem
Journal: JAMA (1928)

To the Editor:  —In a recent paper (The Journal, January 21) Macht, Anderson and Bell publish results of measurements which may lead to a false conception concerning the penetration of ultraviolet rays through animal tissues. Two methods are used for the determination of the transmitted radiation, a photographic method with use of a spectograph and a thermopile with use of a monochromator. Although the correctness of the photographic observation cannot be doubted, it seems advisable to estimate the percentage of the radiation transmitted which caused the ultraviolet spectral lines to appear on the plate. The exposures were made by air-cooled and water-cooled mercury arcs at very short distances (from 5 to 8 cm. and 20 cm., respectively) with a very wide slit (about 1 mm.). The time of exposure varied from one-half to five minutes and was from five to ten seconds in two cases (cat, 0.9 mm.; rabbit, 1
Vasodilators in the Treatment of Heart Failure
Authors: Jawahar Mehta
Journal: JAMA (1977)

DURING the last few years, there has been a great deal of interest in vasodilator therapy in cases of acute and chronic heart failure. Better understanding of cardiac physiology and development of bedside hemodynamic monitoring techniques using flowdirected catheters have provided impetus to evaluate different physiologic and pharmacologic interventions in acutely ill patients. Most patients with congestive heart failure have elevation of the left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) and low cardiac output. Elevated LVFP (index of blood volume) is a compensatory phenomenon in the early stage of heart failure to maintain cardiac output. This beneficial effect may later result in excessive myocardial oxygen demand, decreased coronary flow, and symptoms of pulmonary congestion. Similarly, arterial constriction occurring initially in heart failure may be appropriate to maintain circulation to vital organs, but may eventually result in a decrease in cardiac output because of the elevated systemic vascular resistance.<sup>1</sup> Experimental evidence shows
Intraperitoneal Insulin Delivery Decreases the Levels of Chylomicron Remnants in Patients With IDDM
Authors: Angeliki Georgopoulos, Christopher D Saudek
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether intraperitoneal insulin (IPII) decreases the levels of circulating chylomicron remnants in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eight nonobese, normolipidemic IDDM patients were studied twice: before (while on subcutaneous insulin) and 6 months after initiation of IPII by a programmable implanted medication system. Fasting and mean blood glucose, HbA1, and lipid values were determined. Blood samples were also drawn before and every 2 h for 10 h after ingestion of a fat meal (corn oil + Vitamin A). Triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and retinyl esters were determined over time in two TG-rich lipoprotein subfractions (Sf &amp;gt; 100 and Sf20−100) isolated from plasma by density-gradient ultracentrifugation. RESULTS IPII slightly decreased the mean blood glucose from 7.8 ± 1.1 to 7.4 ± 1.1 mmol/l (mean ± SD, P = 0.027, paired Student's t test) and the HbA1 from 9.4 ± 1.5 to 8.7 ± 1.2 (NS). TG and apoB levels in postprandial Sf &amp;gt; 100 and Sf20–100 were not changed by IPII. On IPII, however, retinyl ester levels in Sf &amp;gt; 100 decreased (P = 0.05, analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and tended to be lower in Sf20–100 (P = 0.075). In addition, following IPII, the retinyl ester:apoB ratio was lower in Sf &amp;gt; 100 (P = 0.0002) and marginally lower (P = 0.06) in Sf 20–100. CONCLUSIONS IPII decreased chylomicron remnant levels, which might decrease the atherosclerotic risk in IDDM. Since glycemic control was only slightly improved, the effect was most likely due to the intraperitoneal route of delivery.
IMPACT OF EARLY SURGERY ON LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS IN ACTIVE LEFT-SIDED INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
Authors: Shunsuke Funakoshi, Shuichiro Kaji, Noriyuki Kimura, Yoshimori An, Kite Kim, Takeshi Kitai, Natsuhiko Ehara, Makoto Kinoshita, Atsushi Kobori, Atsushi Yamamuro, Tomoko Tani, Michihiro Nasu, Yukikatsu Okada, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE OPPORTUNITY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING
Authors: J. HOWARD BEARD
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Effective public health work depends on investigation, an adequate force of trained sanitarians, and a public appreciative of the social, economic and health benefits to be derived from the application of science to personal and community welfare. Colleges and universities are admirably equipped to make contributions to one or to all of these essential components of applied preventive medicine.  During the last half century, institutions of higher learning have made discoveries in the field of preventive medicine with such rapidity that only extraordinary effects in education can make it possible for one or even two generations to apply the knowledge that has been gained, or to estimate its benefit to society. The urgent need of the hour is not so much more knowledge as it is greater motivation of health activities in the daily life of the individual and of the community.  The departments of preventive medicine and schools of
IN VITRO STUDIES WITH 16-C14-ESTRONE: DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN PLASMA AND RED BLOOD CELLS OF MAN*
Authors: Patricia E. Wall, Claude J. Migeon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Albrieux has reported that the blood cells of nonpregnant women contained at least twice as much estrogenic activity as the blood serum, while during pregnancy the estrogenic activity was equally distributed between cells and serum (1, 2); however, the specificity of the assay used in these studies is questionable.Bischoff, Katherman and Yee, using the uterine weight of immature rats as bioassay technique, investigated the in vitro distribution of estrogens in blood (3, 4); after an equilibrium period of 10 minutes at 37.5°C., it was found that the ratio of biological activity in red cells to that in serum of rabbit blood was from 0.39 to 0.11 for estrone.An increase in the total recovery of biologic ac- tivity could be produced by prolonging incubation, thus suggesting a partial transformation of estrone into a more biologically active steroid (4); the conditions of this activation were studied in de- tail (5) and Gray and Bischoff demonstrated quite conclusively that the increase in activity was due to the conversion of estrone to estradiol by human and rabbit red cells (6).Sandberg, Slaunwhite and Antoniades have ob- served that approximately 30 per cent of the 16-C14-estrone added to a sample of whole blood remained with the red cells, while in a reverse dialysis experiment 55 per cent of the radioestrone was associated with the red cells (7).The present work is an attempt to study further the in vitro distribution of 16-C14-estrone be- tween plasma and red blood cells of man.METHODS Experimental subjects.The heparinized blood samples used in the present study were drawn from normal adult individuals.Subjects B, C and E were females, 24, 31 and 28 years of age, respectively, while Subjects A, D and F were males, 28, 33 and 32 years of age, respectively.
p53 Abnormalities in B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Daniela Lens, Pierre J.J.C. De Schouwer, Rifat A. Hamoudi, Munah Abdul-Rauf, Nahla Farahat, Estella Matutes, Tim Crook, Martin J.S. Dyer, Daniel Catovsky
Journal: Blood (1997)
NHS could learn from developing countries about efficiency, conference hears
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Innovations in the way healthcare is delivered are coming from the developing world, not Europe or the United States, the former UK health minister Ara Darzi told a conference.

Darzi, chairman of the Institute of Global Health Innovation, told the conference on 26 February on healthcare innovation, organised by the think tank Reform, that emerging economies were more adaptable and willing to adopt new processes at low cost.

“These innovations are seldom about technology but about process. They do not compromise on quality but focus on price reduction,” he said.

Viren Shetty, senior vice president in strategy and planning at the Narayana Hrudayalaya hospital group in India, which provides low cost healthcare in 15 hospitals throughout the country, told the conference that his group’s model was not new—it was simply about …