tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protective Immunity to <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> Requires Both B Cells and Cd4+ T Cells for Key Functions Other than Specific Antibody Production
Authors: Mary Leef, Karen L. Elkins, Jerko Barbic, Roberta D. Shahin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

To investigate the fundamental nature of protective immunity to Bordetella pertussis, we studied intranasal immunization of adult mice with formalin-fixed B. pertussis (FFBP), followed by aerosol B. pertussis challenge. Mice given two doses of FFBP intranasally completely cleared a subsequent pertussis aerosol challenge from tracheae and lungs (defined as protection), but there was no correlation between levels of specific antibody and clearance of bacteria. Further, transfer of immune serum before aerosol challenge had minimal effects on bacterial burdens. However, pertussis-specific T cells producing interferon gamma but not interleukin 4 or interleukin 10 were detected in draining lymph nodes of FFBP-immunized mice. Significantly, repeated immunization of B cell knockout (BKO) mice resulted in partial protection, and complete protection was reconstituted by transfer of pertussis-immune B cells; reconstituted BKO mice had little if any detectable antipertussis antibodies. Immunization of mice lacking all T cells or lacking CD4(+) T cells did not lead to protection; in contrast, CD8(-) mice were protected. Mice depleted of CD4(+) T cells after immunization but before aerosol challenge, which thus had normal amounts of specific antibodies, were not optimally protected. Taken together, these data indicate that protective immunity to pertussis is dependent on both CD4(+) T cells and B cells, and both cell types provide significant functions other than specific antibody production.
TICKS FOR STUDY OF TICK PARALYSIS
Authors: S. B. Wolbach
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would be very grateful if you would inform your readers that I am anxious to study ticks removed from tick paralysis patients. However, I must have live ticks. Tick paralysis may not be the result of an infectious agent. The rarity of paralysis following the engorgement of the tick suggests that the ticks responsible must be exceptional and capable of introducing a very potent neurotoxin. I should gladly pay all expenses concerned and suggest that living ticks, even though damaged by removal, be sent by air mail. The ticks should be placed in an airtight, clean, 1 oz. ointment tin, in which a disc of filter paper moistened with one drop of water is placed. The tin containing the ticks should be enclosed in the ordinary mailing tube used for sending fragile materials and sent to me at the address below.
Unusual Cause for Right-Upper-Quadrant Pain and Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Richard M. Vazquez
Journal: JAMA (1977)

ACUTE abdominal pain in the right-upper quadrant associated with pneumoperitoneum in a middle-aged patient suggests a rather limited differential diagnosis: perforation of a hollow viscus or presence of an intraabdominal abscess containing gasforming organisms. We report an additional cause of pneumoperitoneum: vaginal cuff dehiscence following vaginal hysterectomy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 33-year-old woman came to the emergency room on April 10, 1976, complaining of abdominal pain in the left-lower and right-upper quadrants for two days after its onset. The pain was abrupt in onset, was noncramping, and occurred simultaneously in the right-upper and left-lower quadrants for four hours prior to admission. The patient also had pain in the right shoulder. Similar symptoms had bothered her one month prior to this admission. At that time the symptoms were more severe and more sudden, requiring admission to another hospital. Gastrointestinal contrast studies were uninformative, and she was discharged with the diagnosis
536 Changes in NF-KB activation and iNOS and Mn-SOD gene expression during the progression to hepatocarcinoma in patients with chronic HCV infection
Authors: M.J. Cuevas, M. Almar, P. Montoya, E. Lima, J.L. Olcoz, J. Gonzalez-Gallego, F. Jorquera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Pentoxifylline inhibits human peritoneal mesothelial cell growth and collagen synthesis: Effects on TGF-β
Authors: Cheng-Chung Fang, Chung-Jen Yen, Yung-Ming Chen, Ren-Shi Shyu, Tun-Jun Tsai, Po-Huang Lee, Bor-Shen Hsieh
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Pathogenesis of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, David D. Ho, Roger J. Pomerantz, Joan C. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described in 1981, but it has since reached epidemic proportions, with over 38,000 cases reported in the United States alone and a three-year mortality rate of more than 90 percent.1 2 3 4 It is estimated that 1 to 2 million Americans are already infected with the etiologic agent of AIDS, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).4 In addition, the Public Health Service recently predicted that approximately 270,000 cases of AIDS will have developed by 1991.5 Worldwide, thousands of Europeans and possibly millions of Africans are also infected with HIV.6 HIV, also known as lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), . . .
Effect of a partially hydrolyzed whey infant formula at weaning on risk of allergic disease in high-risk children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Adrian J. Lowe, Clifford S. Hosking, Catherine M. Bennett, Katrina J. Allen, Christine Axelrad, John B. Carlin, Michael J. Abramson, Shyamali C. Dharmage, David J. Hill
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Abstract A40: Cancer cells form in vivo-like tumors in Gelfoam histoculture
Authors: Shuya Yano, Sumiyuki Mii, Yasunori Tome, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Fuminari Uehara, Shinji Miwa, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumors in vivo are well known to behave quite differently from cancer cells cultured on plastic or glass plates (monolayer culture). Cell culture on agar (sphere culture) is used for three-dimensional culture, however tumor spheres on agar rarely invade the substrate. It has been previously demonstrated that 3-D Gelfoam histoculture of tumors enables the cancer cells to maintain in vivo properties, in contrast to monolayer or sphere culture. Cancer cell-cycle kinetics were visualized in Gelfoam histoculture using HeLa cells and MKN45 cells expressing fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI), whereby quiescent cancer cells express mKusabira-Orange fluorescent protein (red) and proliferating cells express mAzami-Green fluorescent protein (green). Gelfoam histoculture of FUCCI-expressing cancer cells results in tumor-like structures with quiescent cancer cells in the center and proliferating cells at the surface, similar to what occurs in vivo as visualized by confocal microscopy. These results have profound implications for cancer biology, since most cellular and molecular studies of cancer cells were performed on plastic monolayer culture where characteristics of the cells may be quite different from the tumor in vivo. Citation Format: Shuya Yano, Sumiyuki Mii, Yasunori Tome, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Fuminari Uehara, Shinji Miwa, Robert M. Hoffman. Cancer cells form in vivo-like tumors in Gelfoam histoculture. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A40.
A new tool to evaluate the impact of chronic urticaria on quality of life: chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU‐Q<sub>2</sub>oL)
Authors: I. Baiardini, M. Pasquali, F. Braido, F. Fumagalli, L. Guerra, E. Compalati, M. Braga, C. Lombardi, O. Fassio, G. W. Canonica
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Health‐related quality of Life in patients with chronic urticaria is evaluated by mean of generic instruments or questionnaire designed for skin diseases. No disease‐specific tool is now available for the assessment of chronic urticaria impact from patients’ viewpoint. Objective: The aim of our study is to develop and validate a new questionnaire specifically designed for the assessment of quality of life in chronic urticaria (Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire – CU‐Q 2 oL) Methods: In the development phase of CU‐Q 2 oL an initial list of items of 37 items was compiled and given to 80 patients with chronic urticaria; the 23 most significant items were selected and converted into questions evaluating the answers on a Likert scale of five steps. The validation procedure involved 125 patients (86 F and 39 M) (age 42.17 ± 9.24 years). Results: Following a statistical analysis, CU‐Q 2 oL showed a six‐dimensional structure and good levels of internal consistency for the extracted factors: Pruritus (0.79), Swelling (0.65), Impact on life activities (0.83), Sleep problems (0.77), Looks (0.83) and Limits (0.74). In stable conditions CU‐Q 2 oL showed a good reliability, ranged between 0.64 and 0.92. Responsiveness to clinical changes was accomplished. Discussion: These results provide evidence that CU‐Q 2 oL has specificity enough for being a valid tool for detecting the relative burden of CU on subjective wellbeing, and for obtaining a global evaluation both of CU impact and of treatments, taking into account the patient's point of view. The CU‐Q 2 oL was easily and quickly filled up and well accepted by the patients.
Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography Versus Dobutamine Echocardiography for Predicting Functional Recovery After Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Leonardo Bolognese, David Antoniucci, Daniele Rovai, Piergiovanni Buonamici, Giampaolo Cerisano, Giovanni M. Santoro, Cecilia Marini, Antonio L'Abbate, Pier Filippo Fazzini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Treatment of Colles' Fracture.
Authors: Edward A. Tracy
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Boston, Mass., Jan. 2, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —You recently published an abstract from an English journal stating that an English surgeon (Hutchinson?) taught his hospital internes not to use splints on this form of fracture, "unless there was a tendency for the malposition to return after cessation of extension upon the wrist" (videJournal, xxxi, p. 1424). This variety of Colles' fracture, by the way, is extraordinary, at least on this side of the Atlantic. Roberts of Philadelphia says, in his admirable monograph on "Fractures of the Lower End of the Radius": "The displacement (in Colles' fracture) is the result, not of muscular action, but of the vulnerating force," and further, that "the muscular surroundings have little to do with the causation or continuance of the distortion." I think most surgeons will agree with him. Practically, therefore, this English surgeon advises that cases of Colles' fracture be treated without
Study of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor in Greek women with gestational diabetes.
Authors: M Alevizaki, L Thalassinou, S I Grigorakis, G Philippou, K Lili, A Souvatzoglou, E Anastasiou
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed whether the Trp(64)Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3-AR), which has been associated with obesity, insulin resistance, weight gain, and earlier onset of type 2 diabetes, is more frequent in women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or whether it is associated with weight gain during pregnancy RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 311 Greek pregnant women (180 with GDM and 131 without GDM [control]) who underwent a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the third trimester of pregnancy were genotyped for the beta3-AR Arg(64) polymorphism. Insulin levels were also determined during the OGTT. RESULTS: The frequency of Trp(64)Arg heterozygotes in this population was approximately 7% and was similar in the GDM and control groups (6.7 vs. 6.9%) as well as in the obese (BMI &amp;gt; or =27 kg/m2) and the nonobese (6.3 vs. 6.8%) subgroups. In the GDM group, BMI, fasting insulin resistance index, and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in Trp(64)Arg carriers; these differences were no longer observed when obesity was considered. In the 4 subgroups (control Trp(64)Trp and Trp(64)Arg and GDM Trp(64)Trp and Trp(64)Arg), a highly significant trend was evident of an increase in the percentage of subjects with shorter height. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of the Arg(64) allele in Greek pregnant women is relatively rare compared with other ethnic groups and is probably not related to the development of GDM or obesity The observed tendency for shorter body height in Arg(64) carriers merits further evaluation in larger population samples.
210 Quantitative assessment of muscular mass by computed tomography: A new prognostic marker in candidates for liver transplantation
Authors: S. Buyse, C. Thome-Noun, V. Vilgrain, C. Francoz, D. Sommacale, F. Dondero, J. Belghiti, D. Valla, F. Durand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
AMA-ERF Loan Program
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Since the inception of the program in 1962, the American Medical Association Education and Research Foundation has guaranteed bank loans of about $57.5 million for medical students and house officers. As of this date (November 1973), the Foundation has bought back from participating banks loans amounting to $812,333, some of which (an estimated 50%) will be collectible by AMA efforts. Even if none of the loans were collected, a default rate of 14% is not alarming. However, the reasons for default deserve comment.  For example, during 1973 the causes of 63 defaults ($165,920) were death of debtor, 23; bankruptcy, 10; physical or mental incapacity, 4;   10; dropped out or dismissed from medical school, 16. First, as regards special cases, five men have simply disappeared (address unknown), two have serious emotional problems that make them unemployable, and the remaining three have been in trouble because they prescribed drugs illegally.
A Secreted Chemokine Binding Protein Encoded by Murine Gammaherpesvirus-68 Is Necessary for the Establishment of a Normal Latent Load
Authors: Anne Bridgeman, Philip G. Stevenson, J. Pedro Simas, Stacey Efstathiou
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Herpesviruses encode a variety of proteins with the potential to disrupt chemokine signaling, and hence immune organization. However, little is known of how these might function in vivo. The B cell–tropic murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) is related to the Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV), but whereas KSHV expresses small chemokine homologues, MHV-68 encodes a broad spectrum chemokine binding protein (M3). Here we have analyzed the effect on viral pathogenesis of a targeted disruption of the M3 gene. After intranasal infection, an M3 deficiency had surprisingly little effect on lytic cycle replication in the respiratory tract or the initial spread of virus to lymphoid tissues. However, the amplification of latently infected B cells in the spleen that normally drives MHV-68–induced infectious mononucleosis failed to occur. Thus, there was a marked reduction in latent virus recoverable by in vitro reactivation, latency-associated viral tRNA transcripts detectable by in situ hybridization, total viral DNA load, and virus-driven B cell activation. In vivo CD8+ T cell depletion largely reversed this deficiency, suggesting that the chemokine neutralization afforded by M3 may function to block effective CD8+ T cell recruitment into lymphoid tissue during the expansion of latently infected B cell numbers. In the absence of M3, MHV-68 was unable to establish a normal latent load.
Retinoic acid signaling positively regulates liver specification by inducing<i>wnt2bb</i>gene expression in medaka
Authors: Takahiro Negishi, Yoko Nagai, Yoichi Asaoka, Mami Ohno, Misako Namae, Hiroshi Mitani, Takashi Sasaki, Nobuyoshi Shimizu, Shuji Terai, Isao Sakaida, Hisato Kondoh, Toshiaki Katada, Makoto Furutani-Seiki, Hiroshi Nishina
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

During vertebrate embryogenesis, the liver develops at a precise location along the endodermal primitive gut tube because of signaling delivered by adjacent mesodermal tissues. Although several signaling molecules have been associated with liver formation, the molecular mechanism that regulates liver specification is still unclear. We previously performed a screen in medaka to isolate mutants with impaired liver development. The medaka hio mutants exhibit a profound (but transient) defect in liver specification that resembles the liver formation defect found in zebrafish prometheus (prt) mutants, whose mutation occurs in the wnt2bb gene. In addition to their liver abnormality, hio mutants lack pectoral fins and die after hatching. Positional cloning indicated that the hio mutation affects the raldh2 gene encoding retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type2 (RALDH2), the enzyme principally responsible for retinoic acid (RA) biosynthesis. Mutations of raldh2 in zebrafish preclude the development of pectoral fins. Interestingly, in hio mutants, expression of wnt2bb in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) directly adjacent to the liver-forming endoderm was completely lost.Our data reveal the unexpected finding that RA signaling positively regulates the wnt2bb gene expression required for liver specification in medaka. These results suggest that a common molecular mechanism may underlie liver and pectoral fin specification during piscine embryogenesis.
Trip to China and Japan.
Authors: Alexander J. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1906)

St. Paul, Minn., April 14, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Great Northern Railway Company has made me a very generous offer. If I can organize a party of 100, to include physicians, their families and their friends, it will give us round-trip rates from St. Paul to Japan and China and return for $700. This rate includes a double berth from St. Paul to Seattle and return, dining-car service to Seattle and return, first-class hotel in Seattle if necessary either way, first-class outside stateroom on the 28,000-ton steamship<i>Minnesota</i>from Seattle to China and return, with not more than two in a room, first-class hotel accommodations in Japan and China, jinrickishas, carriages or sedan chairs in Japan and China when desired, first-class railway transportation in Japan and boat transportation in China. For any one joining the party on the steamship in Seattle and leaving the party at Seattle on its
Plasma nicotine levels after smoking cigarettes with high, medium, and low nicotine yields.
Authors: M A Russell, C Wilson, U A Patel, C Feyerabend, P V Cole
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Plasma nicotine three minutes after smoking a cigarette was measured in 10 sedentary workers in mid-morning and five hours later on four typical working days. The average mid-morning level after they had been smoking their usual cigarettes (mean nicotine yield 1-34 ng) was 150-4 nmol/l (24-4 ng/ml) (range 95-6-236-7 nmol/l (15-5-38-4 ng/ml)). Despite great variation between smokersthe mid-morning levels of each smoker were fairly consistent over the four mornings and correlated 0-82 with their carboxyhaemoglobin levels. After continuing to smoke their usual brand or switching to a high-nicotine brand (3-2 mg) average afternoon levels of 185-6 and 180-0 nmol/6 (30-1 and 29-2 ng/ml) respectively were not significantly higher than the morning levels, but after switching to low-nicotine cigarettes (0-14 mg) the plasma nicotine dropped to an average of 52-4 nmol/l (8-5 ng/ml). The changes between morning and afternoon while smoking usual or high-nicotine cigarettes showed marked individual variation. The findings suggest that the plasma nicotine level just after a cigarette depends more on the way the cigarette is smoked than on its nicotine yield or the number which have been smoked over the preceding few hours.
Global Gene Expression Associated with Hepatocarcinogenesis in Adult Male Mice Induced by <i>in Utero</i> Arsenic Exposure
Authors: Jie Liu, Yaxiong Xie, Danica M.K. Ducharme, Jun Shen, Bhalchandra A. Diwan, B. Alex Merrick, Sherry F. Grissom, Charles J. Tucker, Richard S. Paules, Raymond Tennant, Michael P. Waalkes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Our previous work has shown that exposure to inorganic arsenic in utero produces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in adult male mice. To explore further the molecular mechanisms of transplacental arsenic hepatocarcinogenesis, we conducted a second arsenic transplacental carcinogenesis study and used a genomewide microarray to profile arsenic-induced aberrant gene expression more extensively. Briefly, pregnant C3H mice were given drinking water containing 85 ppm arsenic as sodium arsenite or unaltered water from days 8 to 18 of gestation. The incidence of HCC in adult male offspring was increased 4-fold and tumor multiplicity 3-fold after transplacental arsenic exposure. Samples of normal liver and liver tumors were taken at autopsy for genomic analysis. Arsenic exposure in utero resulted in significant alterations (p < 0.001) in the expression of 2,010 genes in arsenic-exposed liver samples and in the expression of 2,540 genes in arsenic-induced HCC. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that significant alterations in gene expression occurred in a number of biological networks, and Myc plays a critical role in one of the primary networks. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis of selected genes/proteins showed > 90% concordance. Arsenic-altered gene expression included activation of oncogenes and HCC biomarkers, and increased expression of cell proliferation-related genes, stress proteins, and insulin-like growth factors and genes involved in cell-cell communications. Liver feminization was evidenced by increased expression of estrogen-linked genes and altered expression of genes that encode gender-related metabolic enzymes. These novel findings are in agreement with the biology and histology of arsenic-induced HCC, thereby indicating that multiple genetic events are associated with transplacental arsenic hepatocarcinogenesis.
Teachings of the Heart
Authors: Malinda H. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Who wants to sew a head laceration? the emergency department resident asked. I glanced up from the chart I was completing, and he tossed me the runner: 52-year-old white male with head laceration. No loss of consciousness. Alcohol on breath. Same old stuff, I thought.  I was at the end of my emergency department clerkship, and much of what I did as a senior student was by reflex. I grabbed the laceration tray, size 6 gloves, and 5-0 nylon suture. I could smell the alcohol through the curtain, so I wasn't surprised to find my patient passed out on the cart. I woke him and gave the required spiel about the procedure, risks, and aftercare. The resident had already taken the history and completed the physical, leaving me to practice my suturing and allowing him to return to the controlled chaos of the night shift.  I adjusted the light to
Low-Dose Insulin for Diabetic Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma
Authors: William M. Boehme
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The use of low-dose insulin for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis is becoming widespread. Much less is published about its use for diabetic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.<sup>1,2</sup>Recently, we had the opportunity to treat a patient with diabetic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, using low-dose insulin with gratifying results. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> 75-year-old woman came to an emergency room in coma. She was known to have adult-onset diabetes and had taken 40 U of NPH insulin a day for five years. She also took 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide and 0.125 mg of reserpine daily for essential hypertension and 5 mg of prednisone every other day for asthma. She had not seen a physician for two years. On admission, she was breathing spontaneously but would respond only to deep pain by withdrawal. There were no focal or lateralizing neurological signs. Her blood pressure was 130/80 mm Hg; pulse rate,