tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined Estrogen and Progestin Hormone Replacement Therapy in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer in Middle-aged Women
Authors: Janet L. Stanford, Noel S. Weiss, Lynda F. Voigt, Janet R. Daling, Laurel A. Habel, Mary Anne Rossing
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To determine the risk of breast cancer in relation to the use of combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT).A population-based case-control study.The general female population of King County in western Washington State.Middle-aged (50 to 64 years) women, including 537 patients with incident primary breast cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1988, and June 30, 1990, who were ascertained through the Seattle-Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry and 492 randomly selected control women without a history of breast cancer.Breast cancer risk in relation to use of menopausal hormones.Menopausal hormones of some type had been used by 57.6% of breast cancer cases and 61.0% of comparison women. The women who had ever taken combined estrogen-progestin HRT, representing 21.5% of cases and 21.3% of controls, were not at increased risk of breast cancer (relative odds [RO] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7 to 1.3). Compared with nonusers of menopausal hormones, those who used estrogen-progestin HRT for 8 or more years had, if anything, a reduced risk of breast cancer (RO = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.0).On the whole, the use of estrogen with progestin HRT does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women. Nonetheless, since the use of combined estrogen-progestin HRT has only recently become prevalent, future investigations must assess whether breast cancer incidence is altered many years after estrogen-progestin HRT has been initiated, particularly among long-term users.
An intracardiac mass causing shortness of breath
Authors: C. E. Price, D. Keene, D. Hackett
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 58 year old woman was admitted with a two week history of progressive shortness of breath and lightheadedness, most noticeable on climbing steep stairs. She denied chest pain or collapse. Her medical history included oesophagitis and hypertension, although she was not taking drugs for either of these problems. Examination was unremarkable—she was haemodynamically stable with a pulse of 85 beats/min, blood pressure 120/85 mm Hg, and respiratory rate 15 breaths/min. Her initial laboratory investigations were normal. Haemoglobin was 127 g/L (reference range 110-153), troponin I less than 0.04 (negative <0.04 µg/L), D-dimer 103 ng/mL (0-230), and brain-type natriuretic peptide 81 ng/L (0-100). Electrocardiography at this time showed left bundle branch block with first degree heart block. She was discharged with arrangements for urgent outpatient echocardiography and 24 hour electrocardiographic monitoring. Echocardiography was performed one week later and showed an echogenic mass in the left atrium. She was promptly admitted and underwent cardiac surgery, during which a left atrial myxoma was resected. After surgery she reported worsening shortness of breath, with a reduction in her exercise tolerance to 100 yards (90 m) and pre-syncopal episodes.
Inhibition of intrinsic factor secretion by cimetidine.
Authors: L P Fielding, D M Chalmers, I Chanarin, A J Levi
Journal: BMJ (1978)

secondary to distortion of the optic chiasma, hypothalamus, or in- fundibulum with blockage of the blood supply in the stalk and differentiated this from postpartum and other causes of pituitary necrosis.Retention of some aspects of pituitary function by our patient makes this mechanism unlikely unless ACTH and gonadotrophin production is much more susceptible to ischaemia than production of other pituitary hormones.There is no evidence to suggest that our patient experienced the severely shocked state described by Sheehan or a Schwartzman reaction.5Pituitary dysfunction in "normal pressure" hydrocephalus seems to result from damage to the hypothalamus rather than to the pituitary gland or its stalk, presumably as a direct effect of the intermittent bursts of intracranial hypertension.In conclusion, this patient not only sheds light on the mechanism of development of pituitary failure but also draws attention to the possibility that pituitary insufficiency may be present in patients with so-called "normal pressure" hydrocephalus.Although studies are in hand to assess the frequency of this association, the clinical importance of pituitary failure in patients with similar hydrocephalus prompted us to report this case.We thank Professor Brodie Hughes
Climate Change, Human Health, and Biomedical Research: Analysis of the National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio
Authors: Christine M. Jessup, John M. Balbus, Carole Christian, Ehsanul Haque, Sally E. Howe, Sheila A. Newton, Britt C. Reid, Luci Roberts, Erin Wilhelm, Joshua P. Rosenthal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: According to a wide variety of analyses and projections, the potential effects of global climate change on human health are large and diverse. The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), through its basic, clinical, and population research portfolio of grants, has been increasing efforts to understand how the complex interrelationships among humans, ecosystems, climate, climate variability, and climate change affect domestic and global health.Objectives: In this commentary we present a systematic review and categorization of the fiscal year (FY) 2008 NIH climate and health research portfolio.Methods: A list of candidate climate and health projects funded from FY 2008 budget appropriations were identified and characterized based on their relevance to climate change and health and based on climate pathway, health impact, study type, and objective.Results: This analysis identified seven FY 2008 projects focused on climate change, 85 climate-related projects, and 706 projects that focused on disease areas associated with climate change but did not study those associations. Of the nearly 53,000 awards that NIH made in 2008, approximately 0.17% focused on or were related to climate.Conclusions: Given the nature and scale of the potential effects of climate change on human health and the degree of uncertainty that we have about these effects, we think that it is helpful for the NIH to engage in open discussions with science and policy communities about government-wide needs and opportunities in climate and health, and about how NIH's strengths in human health research can contribute to understanding the health implications of global climate change. This internal review has been used to inform more recent initiatives by the NIH in climate and health.
Gene expression study of<i>IL10</i>family genes in vitiligo skin biopsies, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera
Authors: R. Rätsep, K. Kingo, M. Karelson, E. Reimann, K. Raud, H. Silm, E. Vasar, S. Kõks
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder, the cause of which is complex and not yet fully understood. There is a significant change of epidermal cytokines in involved skin of patients with vitiligo compared with uninvolved skin and skin of healthy controls, thus suggesting a possible involvement of cytokines in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Objectives To evaluate potential roles of IL10 family cytokines (IL10, IL19, IL20, IL22 and IL24) in vitiligo. Along with the selected cytokines, we investigated subunits of the receptors (IL10RA, IL10RB, IL20RA and IL22RA1) which are involved in the signalling pathway of the cytokines. Methods Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mRNA expression levels in samples extracted from skin biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure protein concentrations in serum from patients with vitiligo and healthy controls. Results IL22 is significantly associated with vitiligo, especially with the active stage of vitiligo, as shown by results of mRNA expression and supported by results of protein level in sera. IL22 may provoke inflammation which leads to destruction of melanocytes. Conclusions The actual role of IL22 during pathogenesis of vitiligo remains to be better characterized. Signal transductions of other investigated cytokines seem to be regulated on the expression level of their receptor complex subunits.
Interpreting Epidemiologic Evidence: Strategies for Study Design and Analysis
Authors: J. W. Allen
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Predictive value of ALT and HBV DNA levels in response to sequential combination treatment of lamivudine and interferon in HBeAg—/ANTI-Hbe+ chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kubilay Cinar, Mustafa Sarioglu, Hulya Cetinkaya, Mithat Bozdayi, Ozden Uzunalimoglu, Cihan Yurdaydin, Hakan Bozkaya
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Influence of smoking habits on change in carbon monoxide transfer factor over 10 years in middle aged men.
Authors: A Watson, H Joyce, L Hopper, N B Pride
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND: Emphysema is associated with a reduction in carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (TLCO/VA), but little is known about the evolution of changes in TLCO/VA in middle aged smokers at risk of developing chronic airflow obstruction. METHODS: TLCO/VA (single breath method) was measured on two occasions 10 years apart in 122 middle aged men. RESULTS: Initially TLCO/VA averaged 97% predicted in never smokers (n = 42, mean age 37.2 years), 99% predicted in ex-smokers (n = 21, mean age 41.9 years), and 85% predicted in those who smoked over 15 cigarettes a day (n = 42, mean age 42.0 years). Mean rates of decrease in TLCO/VA over 10 years, however, were similar in the three groups, so that differences between smokers and non-smokers did not increase during the 10 years. Seventeen men (mean age 40.9 years) who initially were smokers became sustained ex-smokers within two years of the first measurement; in these men mean absolute values of TLCO/VA rose, averaging 89% predicted at the first assessment but 102% predicted 10 years later. CONCLUSION: By the age of about 40 years TLCO/VA was lower in smokers than in never smokers but this difference did not increase over the following 10 years. Sustained ex-smokers had values similar to those of never smokers even when TLCO/VA was known to have been reduced while they were smoking. Changes in TLCO/VA associated with stopping smoking were considerably larger than could be explained by carbon monoxide back pressure, indicating that mechanisms other than irreversible increase in the size of terminal air spaces underlie the lower values in smokers. To detect emphysema in smokers it is necessary to use reference equations that take account of current smoking.
Sporadic Hepatitis E in Austria
Authors: Harald C. Worm, Herbert Wurzer, Gert Frösner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is known to cause enterically transmitted epidemic and sporadic forms of hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries. HEV has been reported occasionally in areas where the disease is not endemic1; however, such infections are predominantly associated with a history of travel to tropical or subtropical countries. Recently, HEV variants have been isolated in areas where the disease is not endemic, such as the United States (variant, HEV US-1).2 The impact of this finding on the incidence of hepatitis in Western Europe is unclear. We report a case of sporadic hepatitis E . . .
Postsurgical Ulnar Neuropathy
Authors: Wan C. Ho
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  I read in The Journal of March 11, 1974, a letter from Drs. Murphy and Devers on the prevention of postsurgical ulnar neuropathy (227:1123, 1974).  I also read, in the British Medical Journal of March 1973, Cubital Tunnel External Compression Syndrome by Dr. Thomas Wadsworth and Dr. John Williams. In this article, the clinical details of 12 cases of acute or subacute ulnar nerve palsy due to external compression of the cubital tunnel were presented. The descriptions included predisposing conditions, onset of symptoms, grade of palsy, operative treatment, if any, review period, results, etc.  It seems this problem is of growing concern for both hospital personnel and physicians. I noticed, however, that in both articles, the value of nerve conduction tests or electromyography as a means of localizing the level of nerve injury was not mentioned.  I recently encountered a patient who underwent bilateral subcutaneous mastectomies. Postoperatively,
Book: Doctors in the Movies: Boil the Water and Just Say Aah
Authors: B. Glasser
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Peter E Dans Medi-Ed Press, £23.08, pp 408 ISBN 0 936741 14 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> ![Graphic][2]</img> ![Graphic][3]</img> ![Graphic][4]</img> If you're honest, can you say you've never wanted to be Harrison Ford, Sean Connery, or Michael Douglas (older readers can substitute Clark Gable or Errol Flynn)? Or how about one of the Grants, Hugh and Cary? Because they've all wanted to be you, at least transitorily; cinema icons to a man [women readers, your day will come], they've acted as medics in movies. It indicates the commercial mileage … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Nimodipine versus terfenadine in the treatment of physical stimulus‐indueed urticaria
Authors: P. D. Pigatto, M. Fumagalli, A. Bigardi, G. Altomare, A. F. Finzi
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Basophil and mastocyte degranulation is calcium-dependent. Calcium-antagonists can inhibit synthesis of and release in vitro some mediators in various types of cells. Both immunologically stimulated and non-immunologically stimulated release of material from basophils isolated from normal and allergic subjects can be antagonized by calcium blockers. The present study was aimed at testing the therapeutic effects and side effects of nimodipine therapy, a new dihydropyridine anti-calcium derivative for physical stimulus-induced urticaria, in comparison with a standard H1-antihistamine therapy. The study was done in 32 outpatients who had physical stimulus-induced urticaria: 20 patients received nimodipine three times a day in a daily dose of 180 mg, 12 patients were treated with terfenadine in a dose of 120 mg. In the majority of patients treated with both nimodipine and terfenadine, satisfactory clinical results were obtained after 3 weeks of therapy. There were, however significant (P less than 0.05) differences in responses. Complete clearance after 3 weeks was noted in 50% patients treated with nimodipine, whereas only 16% of patients on terfenadine were completely clear, and some showed only slight improvement. The treatment was easily manageable, and with few side effects.
Failure of Buspirone to Protect Against Lorazepam Withdrawal Symptoms
Authors: George S. Jerkovich
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  Buspirone is a new anxiolytic agent of the azaspirodecanedione class. A nonbenzodiazepine compound, it differs from the benzodiazepines in several important ways. It does not (a) have any anticonvulsant activity, (b) interact with the benzodiazepines or alcohol, or (c) have a demonstrated abuse potential. 1 In many ways, it is ideally suited for the treatment of mild to moderate anxiety. However, since buspirone does not interact with the benzodiazepines, it does not protect against benzodiazepine withdrawal. Such withdrawal can present as either a minor or a major abstinence syndrome, with the former being more frequent and preceding the latter. The minor abstinence syndrome consists of anxiety, restlessness, anorexia, dysphoria, and insomnia. In the major abstinence syndrome, withdrawal phenomena include grand mal seizures, delirium, and psychosis. 2,3 Withdrawal phenomena are documented for benzodiazepines with a long (eg, diazepam) or short (eg, lorazepam) half-life. These syndromes are probably more
The Ethics of Consent: Theory and Practice
Authors: Robert M. Veatch
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Individual Daytime Noise Exposure during Routine Activities and Heart Rate Variability in Adults: A Repeated Measures Study
Authors: Ute Kraus, Alexandra Schneider, Susanne Breitner, Regina Hampel, Regina Rückerl, Mike Pitz, Uta Geruschkat, Petra Belcredi, Katja Radon, Annette Peters
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between noise exposure and cardiovascular events. However, there have been few studies of possible underlying mechanisms.Objectives: We examined the association between individual daytime noise exposure and heart rate variability (HRV).Methods: In a prospective panel study in Augsburg, Germany (March 2007–December 2008), 110 individuals participated in 326 electrocardiogram recordings with a mean duration of 6 hr. Five-minute averages of heart rate (HR) and HRV parameters were determined. Individual noise exposure was measured as A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (Leq). Effects were estimated using additive mixed models adjusted for long- and short-term time trends and physical activity. Due to nonlinear exposure–response functions, we performed piecewise linear analyses with a cut-off point at 65 dB(A).Results: Concurrent increases of 5dB(A) in Leq &lt; 65dB(A) were associated with increases in HR (percent change of mean value: 1.48%; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.60%) and the ratio of low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency (HF) power (4.89%; 95% CI: 3.48, 6.32%), and with decreases in LF (–3.77%; 95% CI: –5.49, –2.02%) and HF (–8.56%; 95% CI: –10.31, –6.78%) power. Standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) was positively associated with concurrent noise &lt; 65dB(A) (5.74%; 95% CI: 5.13, 6.36) but negatively associated with noise lagged by 5–15 min (–0.53% to –0.69%). Associations with cardiac function were less pronounced for noise ≥ 65dB(A), with some in opposite directions from associations with noise &lt; 65dB(A). Concurrent associations were modified by sex and age.Conclusions: Individual daytime noise exposure was associated with immediate changes in HRV, suggesting a possible mechanism linking noise to cardiovascular risk. Noise at lower levels may have health consequences beyond those resulting from “fight-or-flight” responses to high levels of noise.
World Medical Association opposes Icelandic gene database
Authors: N. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Icelandic Medical Association has received the support of the World Medical Association (WMA) in its fight against the implementation of a national health database in Iceland (2 January, p 11).

At its council meeting in Santiago, Chile, which ended last weekend, the WMA heard representations from both the Icelandic government and the Icelandic Medical Association and then reaffirmed its commitment to patient confidentiality, the principle of informed consent, and the …
Quantitative Studies of Extracoronary Blood Flow After Double Internal Mammary Artery Implantation
Authors: ROSENDO L. CRIOLLOS, ABDUL M. AL-SHAMMA, BENSON B. ROE
Journal: Circulation (1968)

A technique for implanting both internal mammary arteries into left ventricular myocardial walls is described. Direct measurement of total and collateral coronary blood flow was made in terminal experiments six months after surgical implantation. The effluent from the right heart before and after occlusion of normal coronary arterial perfusion during extracorporeal circulation closely reflects total and collateral blood flow. An average flow of 70 ml/min, representnig 25% of normal coronary blood flow, was measured from double internal mammary artery implants plants in the ischemic canine heart. Lower flow rates (18 ml/min) were measured from similar double mammary artery implants into nonischemic hearts. Effective tissue perfusion from collateral pathways was demonstrated by metabolic studies which excluded arterioyenous shunting. The results of radiographic and microscopic examination were consistent with measured blood flows in each animal.
Rubella-associated aplastic anemia treated by syngeneic stem cell transplantations
Authors: Hoon Kook, Geun Mo Kim, Hyeoung Joon Kim, Chan Jong Kim, Won Sang Yoon, Tai Ju Hwang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

A 14-year-old boy presented with aplastic anemia 3 months after contracting rubella. Stem cell transplantations from his identical twin were carried out. Successful engraftment occurred only when conditioning therapy was given prior to the infusion of the syngeneic stem cells, supporting an immune mechanism to explain the pathogenesis of virus-associated aplastic anemia. Am. J. Hematol. 64:303–305, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
INTUBATION.INCLUDING A REPORT OF SOME UNUSUAL CASES.
Authors: BURT RUSSELL SHURLY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Notwithstanding the active opposition of many prominent British and continental specialists, the administration of large doses of antidiphtheritic serum and intubation have become generally recognized as among the most successful life-saving methods in the hands of pediatrist or laryngologist. This treatment, however, of laryngeal diphtheria in private practice has not attained the wide field of usefulness which it deserves. The larger and earlier doses of antitoxin have developed new indications for the treatment of tube cases, and greatly reduced the mortality. In an experience with over 350 intubations, with antitoxins in private practice some peculiar difficulties have been encountered which I have not observed to have been recorded in our literature, except meagerly. The usual technic of intubation may be necessarily modified in a hurried introduction of the tube. When the handle of the introducer can not be pressed well down against the chest wall, the tube may be passed