tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of the histamine H<sub>1</sub>receptor blocker, pyrilamine, on spontaneous locomotor activity of rats with long-term portacaval anastomosis
Authors: Violina Lozeva, Antti Valjakka, Anne Lecklin, Hannu Olkkonen, Mikko Hippeläinen, Matti Itkonen, Carme Plumed, Leena Tuomisto
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

To find out whether the changes in the brain histaminergic system are involved in the pathophysiology of portal-systemic encephalopathy, we examined the effects of histamine H1 receptor blockade on spontaneous locomotor activity, feeding, and circadian rhythmicity in rats with portacaval anastomosis (PCA). Pyrilamine, an H1 receptor blocker (15 mg/kg/day), was delivered with osmotic minipumps. Spontaneous locomotor activity was recorded for 72 hours in the open-field with an electromagnetic detector. Food intake was monitored twice daily at the end of the light (7 PM) and the dark (7 AM) phases for 3 days. Histamine H1 receptor density in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was examined with receptor autoradiography, employing [3H]pyrilamine. PCA surgery led to decreased movement time and velocity and flattened amplitude of the circadian rhythms of locomotion and feeding. In sham-operated rats, pyrilamine significantly decreased the movement time and velocity, as well as the total food consumption and completely abolished the circadian rhythmicity of locomotion. In contrast, pyrilamine increased the movement time and velocity in PCA-operated rats, particularly in the dark phase, and improved the precision of the circadian rhythms of locomotion and feeding. Histamine H1 receptor density was not altered by PCA surgery, whereas pyrilamine treatment led to the complete blockade of H1 receptors in both sham- and PCA-operated rats. We suggest that histaminergic imbalance has contributed to the generation and maintenance of the decreased spontaneous locomotor activity and altered circadian rhythmicity following PCA surgery in the rat, probably via an H1 receptor–mediated mechanism.
Correction: Error in Paper on Digoxin
Authors: LEWIS B. SHEINER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 August 1975Correction: Error in Paper on DigoxinLEWIS B. SHEINER, M.D.LEWIS B. SHEINER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-2-288_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI wish to call attention to a typographical error in our paper, "Improved Computer-Assisted Digoxin Therapy," which appeared in the May 1975 issue (Ann Intern Med82:619-627, 1975). The error is small, but considerably alters the meaning of the sentence in which it appears. The seventh sentence in the second paragraph of the paper (line 16, column 2, page 619) should read (with the correction in italic type): 'Thus digoxin dosage regulation has another advantage as a starting point for the application of automated feedback methods to medicine: adequate "benchmark'' data exist on the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1975Volume 83, Issue 2Page: 288-288KeywordsComputers Issue Published: 1 August 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: G. C. MILNOR
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Any test that offers even only presumptive evidence of the presence or absence of pregnancy, from conception to the third month, must obviously be of great value. Attempts to provide such tests are reflected in the complement deviation test, Abderhalden's dialysis test, interdermal reactions and the like. More recently the phenomena of renal glycosuria, epinephrin glycosuria and phlorizin glycosuria have come under investigation. In the last two years the literature<sup>1</sup>on this subject has been growing rapidly, chiefly in the German journals. Our experience with some of these tests warrants the following conclusions: Renal glycosuria, after 100 gm. of glucose, in pregnancy during the first three months, is a diagnostic sign of great value and a high degree of accuracy. Phlorizin glycosuria is of little value, is at times misleading, and should be abandoned as a practical measure. In March, 1921, we encountered, in a multipara, pregnant eight months,
P2-251: Phase 1/2 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of ABT-751 in combination with docetaxel vs docetaxel alone in subjects with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Helen Eliopoulos, Nashat Gabrail, Andrew Coates, Xiangdong Zhou, Hao Xiong, Anne Hagey
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Angiotensin II-noradrenergic interactions in renovascular hypertensive rats.
Authors: J B Zimmerman, D Robertson, E K Jackson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

This study tested the hypothesis that interactions of endogenous angiotensin II (AII) with the noradrenergic neuroeffector junction are important in renin-dependent hypertension. In the in situ blood-perfused rat mesentery, in normal rats exogenous AII potentiated mesenteric vascular responses to periarterial (sympathetic) nerve stimulation (PNS) more than vascular responses to exogenous norepinephrine (NE). In 2-kidney-1-clip (2K-1C) rats with renovascular hypertension mesenteric vascular responses to PNS and NE were greater than in sham-operated rats, and renovascular hypertension mimicked the effects of exogenous AII with respect to enhancing responses to PNS more than responses to NE. In 2K-1C rats, but not in sham-operated rats, 1-Sar-8-Ile-AII markedly suppressed vascular responses to PNS, without influencing responses to NE. Finally, 1-Sar-8-Ile-AII attenuated sympathetic nerve stimulation-induced neuronal spillover of NE in 2K-1C rats, but not in sham-operated rats. These data indicate that renovascular hypertension enhances noradrenergic neurotransmission, and that this enhancement is mediated in part by AII-induced facilitation of NE release.
A Prospective Study of Aspirin Use and the Risk for Colorectal Adenoma
Authors: Andrew T. Chan, Edward L. Giovannucci, Eva S. Schernhammer, Graham A. Colditz, David J. Hunter, Walter C. Willett, Charles S. Fuchs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have established that regular aspirin use reduces the risk for recurrent colorectal adenoma. However, the effect of dose and duration of use, particularly in an average-risk population, is not well understood. Objective: To examine the influence of dose and duration of aspirin use in the primary prevention of colorectal adenoma. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Nurses' Health Study. Participants: 27 077 women, 34 to 77 years of age, without a history of adenoma, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or familial polyposis, who underwent lower endoscopy between 1980 and 1998. Measurements: 1368 cases of confirmed distal colorectal adenoma were diagnosed between 1980 and 1998. Self-reported data on aspirin use were collected from biennial questionnaires. Results: After other risk factors for adenoma were adjusted, women who regularly used aspirin (≥ 2 standard aspirin tablets/wk) had a multivariate relative risk for adenoma of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.84) compared with nonregular users. Compared with women who denied any aspirin use, the multivariate relative risks for adenoma were 0.80 (CI, 0.70 to 0.93) for women who used 0.5 to 1.5 standard tablets per week, 0.74 (CI, 0.62 to 0.88) for those who used 2 to 5 tablets per week, 0.72 (CI, 0.61 to 0.85) for those who used 6 to 14 tablets per week, and 0.49 (CI, 0.36 to 0.65) for those who used more than 14 tablets per week (P < 0.001 for trend). Similar dose–response relationships were found among regular short-term users (≤ 5 years; P < 0.001) and long-term users (>5 years; P < 0.001). In contrast, after adjustments were made for dose, increasing duration of aspirin use did not confer greater risk reduction (P > 0.2). Conclusions: Regular, short-term use of aspirin is inversely associated with risk for colorectal adenoma. However, the greatest protective effect is evident at substantially higher doses (>14 tablets/wk) than those recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Before aspirin can be recommended for chemoprevention in the general adult population, these results suggest the need for a more thorough evaluation of the risks and benefits of routine aspirin use at doses not previously considered.
Abstract 1657: A pivotal role for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in survival of lung cancer cells
Authors: Tetsunari Hase, Mitsuo Sato, Kenya Yoshida, Yoshihiro Takeyama, Momen Elshazley, Yoshitaka Sekido, Adi F. Gazdar, John D. Minna, Masashi Kondo, Yoshinori Hasegawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers, including lung cancer, and its contribution to increased proliferation through up-regulating cell cycle accelerators such as cyclin A/E is well demonstrated in breast and gastric cancers. Nevertheless, very little is known about its role in survival of cancer cells. In addition, functional role of EpCAM in the pathogenesis of lung cancer remains to be explored. Matrials and methods: 18 human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and an immortalized normal human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC4) lines were used. EpCAM expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and FACS. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing for EpCAM was done in three non-small cell lung cancer cell and HBEC4 lines. Cell proliferation was measured by WST-1 and clonogenic growth was measured by liquid and soft agar colony formation assays. Apoptosis was evaluated by annexin V/7-AAD staining. FACS with PI staining was done to examine apoptosis and cell cycle. p27kip1 expression was evaluated by western blot analysis. In vitro invasion assay was done by using transwell chambers layered with matrigel and invading cells were stained and counted. Results: We analyzed the expression of EpCAM in a panel of lung cancer cell and HBEC4 lines and found that most of lung cancer cell lines expressed EpCAM. EpCAM knockdown suppressed proliferation and clonogenic growth of two EpCAM-expressing lung cancer cell lines in anchorage dependent and independent conditions. EpCAM knockdown suppressed invasiveness in a highly invasive line but not in a lowly invasive cell line. In addition, EpCAM knockdown induced massive apoptosis in both cell lines as well as another EpCAM-expressing lung cancer cell line but to a much lesser extent in HBEC4 line. EpCAM knockdown caused lung cancer cells to have increased responsiveness to contact inhibition in part through up-regulating p27kip1 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that EpCAM substantially contributes to the pathogenesis of lung cancer, especially in its survival, and the development of EpCAM-targeted therapy for lung cancer may have promise. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1657. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1657
Uncertainty in Clinical Decisions
Authors: Andrew Fenves, David Windus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 August 1988Uncertainty in Clinical DecisionsAndrew Fenves, MD, David Windus, MDAndrew Fenves, MDSearch for more papers by this author, David Windus, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-4-347_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: A recent article by Moskowitz and colleagues (1) that dealt with uncertainty, risks, and tradeoffs in clinical decision making was very interesting. The patient who was selected for presentation was particularly fascinating. A 63-year-old man had preleukemia and was transfusion-dependent and received 44 units of packed erythrocytes over a 6-month period. Deferoxamine therapy for iron overload state was started. One month later, the patient developed classic rhinocerebral mucormycosis infection, which was treated with amphotericin B. At the time of this infection, the patient had not yet had chemotherapy.A review of the literature shows two similar patients...References1. Moskowitz A, Kuipers B, and Kassirer J. Dealing with uncertainty, risks, and tradeoffs in clinical decisions. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:435-49. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Brennan R, Crain B, Proctor A, and Durack D. Cunninghamella: a newly recognized cause of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1983;80:98-102. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Sands J, Macher A, Ley T, and Nienhuis A. Disseminated infection caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae in a patient with betathalassemia. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:59-63. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Windus D, Stokes T, Julian B, and Fenves A. Fatal rhizopus infections in hemodialysis patients receiving deferoxamine. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:678-80. LinkGoogle Scholar5. Artis W, Fountain J, Delcher H, and Jones H. A mechanism of susceptibility to mucormycosis in diabetic ketoacidosis: transferrin and iron availability. Diabetes. 1982; 1109-14. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Andrew Fenves, MD; David Windus, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAndrew Zoltan Fenves, MD: A Conversation with the Editor 15 August 1988Volume 109, Issue 4Page: 347-348KeywordsAmphotericinChemotherapyDecision makingRhinovirus infection ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 August 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
High efficacy of steroid treatment in patients with right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia
Authors: I. Mendoza, F. Moleiro, J. Marques, A. Castellanos, F. Rodriguez, E. Troncoso, R. Revel-Chion, A. Matheus, J. Guerrero, H. Acquatella
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Rebreathing during use of the Air-Viva resuscitation bag: a hazard.
Authors: S L Hill, J M Eaton
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Ces sacs utilises pour la ventilation assitee devraient etre munis de valves interdisant a l'air expire le retour dans le compartiment pour l'air a inspire. Les valves des sacs «Air-Viva» sont inadequates
Long-term outcome of hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation
Authors: K. H. Böker, G. Dalley, M. J. Bahr, H. Maschek, H. L. Tillmann, C. Trautwein, K. Oldhaver, U. Bode, R. Pichlmayr, M. P. Manns
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We analyzed the long-term clinical course of 71 patients with RNA-positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after liver transplantation. Patients with reinfection after transplantation for HCV-related liver disease, or de novo infection at transplantation were followed for up to 12 years. Cumulative survival for patients with HCV infection at 2, 5, and 10 years after transplantation was 67%, 62%, and 62%, respectively. It was not significantly different from that in patients transplanted for other nonmalignant diseases without HCV infection. The main factor determining long-term survival was the presence or absence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at transplantation. The 5-year survival rate for HCV patients with or without HCC was 35% versus 73%, respectively (P < .05). No deaths because of viral hepatitis of the graft were observed. Deaths in the first year after transplantation were caused by infectious complications, cardiovascular problems, or rejection; deaths after more than 12 months were exclusively because of recurrence of HCC. Biochemical and histological evidence of hepatitis was found in the majority of the patients, only 16% had normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values throughout. Twenty-two percent of patients complained of symptoms, with hepatitis C being the cause in 82% of these. Two patients lost their HCV-RNA for prolonged, ongoing periods of time. The severity of the posttransplantation hepatitis was unrelated to age, sex, severity of liver disease before transplantation, cold ischemic time of the graft, duration of the operation, transfusions, the number of rejection episodes, or the long-term immunosuppressive regime. Only initial short-term therapy with interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor antibodies adversely influenced inflammatory activity. Viral genotype did not influence the course of the graft hepatitis in our series. Histology showed inflammation in 88% of the biopsies and signs of fibrosis in 24%. Mean ALT values correlated with inflammation but not with fibrosis in the biopsies. Porto-portal bridging was observed in six patients, one patient developed cirrhosis within 2 years after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We conclude that chronic hepatitis develops in the majority of patients with HCV infection after liver transplantation. Carrier states without significant laboratory abnormalities are observed in approximately 16%, biochemical abnormalities without symptoms are seen in 60%, and symptomatic disease develops in a quarter of the patients. The disease course closely resembles that seen in nontransplanted hepatitis C patients. It is generally mild but little over 10% of patients develop signs of fibrosis of the graft during the first decade.
Sequential studies in ankylosing spondylitis. Association of Klebsiella pneumoniae with active disease.
Authors: R.W Ebringer, D.R Cawdell, P Cowling, A Ebringer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

A study of 163 patients with ankylosing spondylitis seen on 433 occasions showed that active inflammatory disease was strongly associated with the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the faeces (P less than 0.001). Sequential studies showed that in patients with inactive disease the presence of a positive culture for Klebsiella was associated with the subsequent development of active inflammatory disease (P less than 0.001). These findings support the hypothesis that Kl. pneumoniae may be an initiating agent in ankylosing spondylitis.
Review: Interventions to reduce dietary salt do not reduce mortality or morbidity
Authors: Scott Kahan, Yoni Freedhoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club17 January 2012Review: Interventions to reduce dietary salt do not reduce mortality or morbidityScott Kahan, MD, MPH, Yoni Freedhoff, MDScott Kahan, MD, MPHJohns Hopkins Weight Management Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (S.K.)Search for more papers by this author, Yoni Freedhoff, MDUniversity of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Y.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-02004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationTaylor RS, Ashton KE, Moxham T, Hooper L, Ebrahim S. Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD009217. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21735439Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: References1 World Health Organization. Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk. Geneva; World Health Organization. 2007. Google Scholar2 He FJ, MacGregor GA. Comment: Salt reduction lowers cardiovascular risk: meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet. 2011;378:380-2. [PMID: 21803192] Google Scholar3 Hu FB, Manson JE, Willett WC. Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a critical review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20:5-19. [PMID: 11293467] Google Scholar4 Shai I, Schwarzfuchs D, Henkin Y, et al; Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) Group. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:229-41. [PMID: 18635428] Google Scholar5 Mozaffarian D, Appel LJ, Van Horn L. Components of a cardioprotective diet: new insights. Circulation. 2011;123:2870-91. [PMID: 21690503] Google Scholar6 Wansink B, Chandon P. Can “low fat” nutrition labels lead to obesity? Journal of Marketing Research. 2006;43:605-17. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (S.K.)University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Y.F.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 January 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoReview: Interventions to reduce or modify dietary fat reduce cardiovascular events Scott Kahan and Yoni Freedhoff Metrics 17 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 2Page: JC1-4KeywordsDietFatsHeart failureHypertensionMorbidityMyocardial infarctionSaltsSodium ePublished: 17 January 2012 Issue Published: 17 January 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
“Bailout” c7E3 during coronary intervention: acute results and long-term follow-up
Authors: R.H. Kim, D.L. Fischman, P. Walinsky, A. Zalawski, C.M. Dempsey, D.E. Rehmann, J.A. Krupp, S. Goldberg, M.P. Savage
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Effects of the present financial crisis on academic departments of obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: B J Harries, D F Jones
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A case of kyphomelic dysplasia is reported in a boy followed up over three years. The most striking feature of this recessively inherited generalised bone dysplasia is marked angulation of the femora, associated with short stature, bowing and shortening of other long bones, metaphyseal changes in infancy, flared ribs, small thoracic cage, and platyspondyly. The good prognosis regarding motor and intellectual development in this condition is stressed and the association with cleft lip and palate is described for the first time.
Bullous Eruption of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: RUSSELL P. HALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus developed a nonpruritic vesiculobullous eruption that was unresponsive to high-dose systemic corticosteroid therapy. In three patients the eruption was not associated with a flare of systemic disease. Biopsy results showed neutrophilic microabscesses at the dermal papillary tips and perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrates. Direct immunofluorescence of normal appearing skin not exposed to the sun was positive in all four patients. Due to the unresponsiveness to corticosteroid therapy and the striking histologic resemblance to dermatitis herpetiformis, each of the patients was treated with dapsone. Within 24 hours each patient had prompt cessation of the appearance of new lesions. Improvement of the eruption did not correlate with improvement of the systemic manifestations of their lupus erythematosus. The rapid response to dapsone therapy suggests that dapsone is useful in treating bullous lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus.