tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elementary, my dear Hamish
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Although it is not easy to decide definitively who is the most famous doctor in all literature, Doctor Watson must be among the candidates.

This is not to say that he is an entirely plausible character. He is portrayed by his creator—all the more remarkably because his creator was himself a doctor—as a bumbling duffer who never learns from Holmes’s example. Surely there has never been an actual doctor as obtuse as this. Nor could Holmes conceivably have said to any real medical man, as he said to Watson, “You see, but you do not observe.”

Perhaps the most harmless and innocent use to which …
Increased Serum Levels of Hyaluronate in Liver Disease
Authors: Anna Engström-Laurent, Lars Lööf, Anders Nyberg, Torbjörn Schröder
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Recent animal studies show that endothelial cells in liver sinusoids are the main site for removal of sodium hyaluronate from the circulation. Few data with respect to hyaluronate metabolism are available in man. Serum hyaluronate levels were measured in 119 patients with liver disease by a sensitive assay. The hyaluronate level was significantly increased in liver cirrhosis, in comparison with healthy controls and with patients with noncirrhotic liver disease. The results suggest a role for the human liver in elimination of hyaluronate from circulation. Quantification of serum hyaluronate may be a useful test of liver endothelial cell function.
Factors influencing the occurrence of late bronchial reactions after allergen challenge
Authors: L. Machado, G. Stärlenheim
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Forty‐seven patients with allergic bronchial asthma were challenged with the relevant allergen. Forty‐eight per cent of the provocations resulted in a positive immediate reaction followed by a late bronchial response. Late bronchial obstruction was more common among patients with a high than with a low RAST score. Ten patients were challenged with different allergens on two different occasions, but the same type of bronchial response was observed in only six of them. Nine patients with an isolated immediate response were rechallenged with higher allergen doses, the early bronchial response being partially counteracted by terbutaline inhalations in clinically appropriate doses before and during the inhalation of allergen. The treatment alleviated the early reaction in six of the patients. A late reaction occurred in all patients with an immediate response. The non‐specific bronchial reactivity to methacholine was assessed in 24 patients before allergen challenge. No relation was found between this reactivity and the observed patterns of reactions to allergen. It was concluded that the occurrence of a late bronchial response probably depends on the dose of allergen administered but is independent of the degree of unspecific bronchial responsiveness to methacholine prior to the challenge.
STUDIES ON BARTONELLA MURIS ANEMIA
Authors: David Perla, J. Marmorston-Gottesman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

An aqueous lipoid extract of ox spleen was prepared which protects adult male albino rats of carrier stock in a large percentage of instances against Bartonella muris anemia following splenectomy. It is suggested that the extract contains a specific hormonal substance.
Histamine release in intact human skin by monocyte chemoattractant factor-1, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, stem cell factor, anti-IgE, and codeine as determined by an ex vivo skin microdialysis technique
Authors: Lars J. Petersen, Klaus Brasso, Morten Pryds, Per S. Skov
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
House dust mite sensitization in toddlers predicts current wheeze at age 12 years
Authors: Caroline J. Lodge, Adrian J. Lowe, Lyle C. Gurrin, David J. Hill, Clifford S. Hosking, Rida U. Khalafzai, John L. Hopper, Melanie C. Matheson, Michael J. Abramson, Katrina J. Allen, Shyamali C. Dharmage
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Endotoxemia Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Incident Diabetes
Authors: Pirkko J. Pussinen, Aki S. Havulinna, Markku Lehto, Jouko Sundvall, Veikko Salomaa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Diabetes is accompanied with a chronic low-grade inflammation, which may in part be mediated by endotoxins derived from Gram-negative bacteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated in a population-based cohort whether endotoxemia is associated with clinically incident diabetes. The serum endotoxin activity was measured by limulus assay from the FINRISK97 cohort comprising 7,169 subjects aged 25–74 years and followed up for 10 years. RESULTS Both the subjects with prevalent diabetes (n = 537) and those with incident diabetes (n = 462) had higher endotoxin activity than the nondiabetic individuals (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The endotoxin activity was significantly associated with increased risk for incident diabetes with a hazard ratio 1.004 (95% CI 1.001–1.007; P = 0.019) per unit increase resulting in a 52% increased risk (P = 0.013) in the highest quartile compared with the lowest one. The association was independent of diabetes risk factors: serum lipids, γ-glutamyl transferase, C-reactive protein, BMI, and blood glucose. Furthermore, the association of endotoxemia with an increased risk of incident diabetes was independent of the metabolic syndrome as defined either by the National Cholesterol Educational Program-Adult Treatment Panel III or the International Diabetes Federation. Endotoxin activity was linearly related (P &amp;lt; 0.001) to the number of components of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Both prevalent and incident diabetes were associated with endotoxemia, which may link metabolic disorders to inflammation. The results suggest that microbes play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Endobronchial Metastasis of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Kevin J. Flynn
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A STRIKINGLY large endobronchial metastasis of a uterine leiomyosarcoma developed in a woman. It is reported because of its size and location and because report of such a lesion, to our knowledge, is not found in studies of endobronchial metastases. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 53-year-old, gravida 10, para 8, abortus 2, woman underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy in August 1973. The uterus was found to contain an 8.5×6.0×5.0-cm firm, well-circumscribed, whitish mass that had the histological characteristics of leiomyosarcoma. There was no evidence of metastatic disease. She did well until April 1977, when she had sudden onset of dyspnea and wheezing. A chest roentgenogram showed leftsided "white lung," with right upper lobe and right basilar infiltrates (Figure). Physical examination showed an obese, distressed woman with prolonged expirations and loud expiratory wheezing. The hemoglobin value was 13.2 g/dl, the hematocrit level was 44%, and the WBC count was
Poppy Capsule Dependence
Authors: S. M. Smith, I. Burnside
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Nine poppy-head addicts were seen at a Birmingham hospital. Seven were Sikhs born in Jullundur and two were West Pakistanis. Most began their poppy-head addiction in their early 20s, usually out of curiosity or to relieve the hangover effects of alcohol. Only two took opium in addition and one of these had taken cannabis, morphine, and heroin. They all drank several pints of beer a day and were heavy smokers. All had had little schooling and married young. Most of them were industrious foundry workers in good physical health. Withdrawal of poppy capsules failed in each case. The present situation whereby an addictive drug is readily imported and sold in local shops is questioned.
De novo expansion of a (CAG)n repeat in sporadic Huntington's disease
Authors: R. H. Myers, M. E. MacDonald, W. J. Koroshetz, M. P. Duyao, C. M. Ambrose, S. A. M. Taylor, G. Barnes, J. Srinidhi, C. S. Lin, W. L. Whaley, A. M. Lazzarini, M. Schwarz, G. Wolff, E. D. Bird, J.-P. G. Vonsattel, J. F. Gusella
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Patient-Reported Outcome Alert Monitoring—Reply
Authors: Melanie Calvert, Heather Draper, Derek Kyte
Journal: JAMA (2014)

In Reply Dr Thombs and colleagues make 2 overarching points. The first is that a system of active PRO alert monitoring is tantamount to screening, and second, that in the specific case of depression, screening is unlikely to be of benefit and may cause harm.
Eventual Central Nervous System Regeneration?
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

ADVANCES in central nervous system (CNS) regeneration research may be reminding physicians to never say never. Any attempts at curing paralysis still are a long way off (<i>JAMA</i>. 1981;245: 1201-1206,1293-1301). And much of the current enthusiasm is based on laboratory and animal studies. But "this field is changing, and physicians should not be making drastic statements any more" to paralyzed patients about how medical science will "never be able to do anything to help," says Richard P. Bunge, MD, science director at the University of Miami (Fla) Project to Cure Paralysis. <h3>Goal No Longer 'Outlandish'</h3> There is agreement at the American Paralysis Association, Springfield, NJ. "There is a great deal of optimism that functional return is really not such an outlandish goal anymore," says Margaret Brown, PhD, the association's director of research. Acute treatment with methylprednisolone to limit the extent of damage is now routine therapy for patients who reach
The Ethical Ophthalmologist: A Primer
Authors: Robert C. Urban
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This manual has been published by the Ethics Committee of the American Academy of Ophthalmology as a vehicle for the education of residents and fellows and as a guide for the practicing ophthalmologist. The authors' goal is to promote a discussion and understanding of the ethical issues facing ophthalmologists. In this regard, it fulfills its mission. The text is loose-leaf in format to allow for future changes and additions. Twelve chapters focus on one aspect each of professional activity or behavior, such as informed consent, patient rights and surrogacy, delegation of authority, research, new technology, collegiality, the impaired physician, commercial relationships, compensation, advertising, resource allocation, and obligations to patient, society, family, and self. The manual tackles some controversial topics such as issues of residency training, referrals to outside physicians and laboratories, listing of authors in research papers, managed care, methods of advertising, clinical trials, and conflicts of interest. The Ethical
Chemotherapy of Liver Cancer
Authors: Jacob J. Lokich
Journal: Liver Cancer (1985)

The chemotherapy of primary and secondary neoplasms of the liver has evolved over the past decades passing through phases of single-agent systemic treatment; regional infusion chemotherapy; combination or multidrug chemotherapy; and finally, the present resurgence of regional delivery systems with single or multiple agents. The chemotherapeutic agents employed as a common denominator throughout the chronology of liver tumor therapy have been the fluoropyrimidines which exist as the inadequate "standard" for the palliative treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. It would be fair to state at the outset that the systemic chemotherapy for primary and secondary tumors of the liver is woefully inadequate, and existing regimens do not consistently yield objective tumor responses of more than 20% or demonstrate a meaningful impact on survival. The exceptions to this perspective are the clinical circumstances in which the liver is occupied by responsive tumors such as breast cancer or lymphoma.KeywordsLiver MetastasisLiver CancerSystemic ChemotherapyCombination ChemotherapyBiliary Tract CancerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Natural antisense transcript stabilizes inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Kosuke Matsui, Mikio Nishizawa, Takashi Ozaki, Tominori Kimura, Iwao Hashimoto, Masanori Yamada, Masaki Kaibori, Yasuo Kamiyama, Seiji Ito, Tadayoshi Okumura
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

During inflammation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced to generate the important mediator nitric oxide (NO). Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) induces iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA), iNOS protein, and NO in rat hepatocytes. We found that the stability of iNOS mRNA changed during the induction and that the antisense (AS) strand corresponding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of iNOS mRNA was transcribed from the iNOS gene. Expression levels of the iNOS AS transcript correlated with those of iNOS mRNA. The 1.5-kilobase region 3′-flanking to iNOS gene exon 27 was involved in IL-1β induction. Knockdown experiments suggest that sense oligonucleotides to iNOS mRNA significantly reduced iNOS mRNA levels in the hepatocytes by blocking the interaction between iNOS mRNA and the AS transcript. Overexpression of iNOS AS transcript stabilized the reporter luciferase mRNA through the fused iNOS mRNA 3′UTR. These results together with the data in a yeast RNA-hybrid assay suggested that the iNOS AS transcript interacted with iNOS mRNA and stabilized iNOS mRNA. The iNOS mRNA colocalized with the AU-rich element-binding protein HuR, a human homolog of embryonic lethal-abnormal visual protein, and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L) in the cytoplasm of rat hepatocytes. Interaction assays further revealed that the iNOS AS transcript interacted with HuR, which interacted with hnRNP L, suggesting that iNOS mRNA, the AS transcript, and the RNA-binding proteins may mutually interact. Conclusion: The natural AS transcript of the iNOS gene interacts with iNOS mRNA and may play an important role in the stability of iNOS mRNA. This RNA-RNA interaction may be a new therapeutic target for NO-mediating inflammatory diseases. (Hepatology 2008.)
STUDIES ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF THE RHEUMATIC SUBJECT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ACTIVITY OF THE RHEUMATIC PROCESS
Authors: Alvin F. Coburn, Ruth H. Pauli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

THE OBSERVATIONS PRESENTED IN THIS PAPER MAY BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS: A study has been made on an isolated group of children with heart disease. All of these individuals, with one exception, were rheumatic subjects. Many of them carried a strain of hemolytic streptococcus in the throat flora during the winter of 1934. The organism produced no detectible toxin and was not associated with respiratory disease. Four patients contracted chicken pox during the winter months. None developed rheumatic recrudescences. All of the individuals were in good health on March 1. A severe epidemic of influenza began on March 22. All but six children contracted the disease. The filterable virus responsible for this outbreak was recovered. This agent did not activate the rheumatic process. It was followed by an outbreak of streptococcus infection and appeared to facilitate its spread. The source of these infections was not traced. They were due to a single type of hemolytic streptococcus which was a strong toxin producer. Its cultural, biochemical and serological characteristics were different from those of the carrier strain. Of seventeen individuals proven bacteriologically to be infected with the epidemic strain, fourteen rheumatic subjects developed acute rheumatism, two rheumatic subjects and one patient with congenital heart disease escaped. These fourteen rheumatic attacks were accompanied by a rise in antistreptolysin titer coincident with the onset of symptoms. In four of these attacks it was possible to exclude influenza as a causative factor. The clinical observations, the bacteriological findings and the immunological evidence indicate that this severe outbreak of rheumatic fever was caused by Streptococcus hemolyticus, which appeared to be a single strain by type.
Circulating levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Donato Torre, Roberto Tambini, Mariangela Manfredi, Valerio Mangani, Paola Livi, Viviana Maldifassi, Maurizio Chiaranda, Paolo Campi, Filippo Speranza
Journal: Journal of Infection (2003)
Variation among Hospitals in Coronary-Angiography Practices and Outcomes after Myocardial Infarction in a Large Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Joe V. Selby, Bruce H. Fireman, Robert J. Lundstrom, Bix E. Swain, Alison F. Truman, Candice C. Wong, Erika S. Froelicher, Hal V. Barron, Mark A. Hlatky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Wide geographic variation in the use of coronary angiography after myocardial infarction has been documented internationally and within the United States. An associated variation in clinical outcomes has not been consistently demonstrated.
449 Hepatitis C virus structural proteins and activation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4
Authors: M. Hoffmann, M.B. Zeisel, H. Barth, B. Gissler, N. Jilg, G. Paranhos-Baccalàr, T. Wakita, D.T. Golenbock, H.E. Blum, P. Henneke, M.E. Baumert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Abstract 17216: Aquaporin-1 is Required for Vascular Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Following Exposure to Glucose-Induced Hyperosmolarity
Authors: Rosalinda Madonna, Harnath Shelat, Raffaele De Caterina, Yong-Jian Geng
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background and objective: Diabetic hyperglycemia increases plasma osmolarity, leading to adaptive cell reponses. Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is induced by hyperosmolarity and plays a role in the vascular permeability. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells offer a disease-relevant cellular model for the interplay of risk factors in the vascular complications of diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that glucose-induced hyperosmolarity promotes angiogenesis in human iPS cells through activation of AQP1 and downstream osmosignaling pathway, thus orchestrating cell sprouting and migration. Methods and results: Human iPS cells were generated from skin fibroblasts by lentiviral transduction of four reprogramming factors (Oct4, SOX2, Klf4 and c-Myc). Following 3 weeks compact refractive embryonic stem cell-like colonies emerged. All the iPS cell colonies expressed OCT4, SSEA3, SSEA4 and SOX2, characteristic of successful dedifferentiation. After reprogramming, iPS cells were transfected with siRNA-AQP1 or scrambled controls, and exposed to 5.5 mmol/L glucose (normoglycemia), high glucose (HG) at 12.5, 25 and 45 mmol/L or with high mannitol (HM) at 12.5, 25 and 45 mmol/L for 24-72 hours. Exposure to either HG or HM increased expression of AQP1 and tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) while decreasing the iPS cell numbers. In iPS cells, AQP1 could be co-immunoprecipitated with β-catenin. HG and HM strongly induced the expression of β-catenin (n=3, p&lt;0.001 vs normal glucose by ANOVA). Under these conditions, proteins co-immunoprecipitated with anti-AQP1 and β-catenin showed increased ratio of F-actin vs G-actin (n=3, p&lt;0.01 vs normal glucose by ANOVA). iPS cells formed bundles in methylcellulose matrix and tubing networks in matrigel, especially when they were exposed to HG and HM (HG 2.8±0.2 fold; HM 3.3±0.5 fold; n=3, p&lt;0.01 by ANOVA. SiRNA to AQP1 reverted the inducing effects of HG and HM on β-catenin expression, actin polymerization and angiogenic activities. Conclusions: The hyperosmolarity serves as a biophysical factor that promotes angiogenesis in human iPS cells. This effect may occur through an AQP1-associated cytoskeleton remodeling. Targeting the osmosignaling pathway offers a novel strategy to reduce vascular complications of diabetes.
"Thrifty gene" identified in Manitoba Indians
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A study conducted in a reservation in northern Ontario has identified a genetic mutation that seems to have allowed the Indians there to survive famines in the past but to have triggered diabetes when food became plentiful and their lives became sedentary.

The study appears in the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (1999;84:1077-82).

Dr Robert Hegele, coauthor of the study …
From the FDA
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Artificial Heart:  The FDA is asking Symbion Inc for a report on complications experienced by the last three artificial heart recipients at the Humana Hospital in Louisville. The Symbion (or Jarvik-7) heart is approved for use in a clinical study involving seven implantations, four of which have been carried out ( JAMA [Medical News] 1985;253:2805-2813).  Apnea Monitor Alert:  One child has been electrocuted and two others have been burned as a result of unintentionally incorrect use of infant sleep apnea monitors in the home, FDA officials have learned. In all three cases, the leads intended to connect the infant electrodes to the monitor were unintentionally plugged into an electric power source, the FDA officials say, and device malfunction was not involved in any of the accidents. The FDA is sending letters to health professionals and organizations of parents (of infants using apnea monitors), warning of the potential danger and providing the
Delayed Postpartum Sterilization
Authors: J. Mowat
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A series of 75 women who requested immediate postpartum sterilization were told this would not be carried out till three months postpartum, and only 64 women subsequently underwent sterilization. While some may regard this as a failure of a family limitation programme, the mental well-being of the woman is better served by allowing time for reflection before undergoing what is virtually an irreversible procedure. Though depot medroxyprogesterone acetate was associated with irregular and unpredictable bleeding in almost 25% of the patients its acceptability and value as a temporary postpartum contraceptive was confirmed.
Oseltamivir Resistance — Disabling Our Influenza Defenses
Authors: Anne Moscona
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The neuraminidase inhibitors provide valuable defenses against pandemic and seasonal influenza. Dr. Anne Moscona writes that misuse of oseltamivir could rob us of the advantages that neuraminidase inhibitors provide, by favoring the emergence of oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN PNEUMONIA
Authors: Richard Weil, John C. Torrey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

The serum derived from human cases of pneumonia has been used to sensitize guinea pigs passively. As antigen an autolysate of a pneumococcus culture was employed. By means of Dale's method it has been possible to show with considerable regularity that the blood contains sensitizing antibodies during the course of pneumonia, but none after the crisis. Patients suffering from other diseases have failed to give this reaction, as have also normal individuals.