tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vascular Effects of Procaine Amide in the Dog
Authors: PHILLIP G. SCHMID, LOREN D. NELSON, DONALD D. HEISTAD, ALLYN L. MARK, FRANCOIS M. ABBOUD
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

The mechanism of the vasodilator effect of procaine amide in dogs was investigated in isolated gracilis muscle and hindpaw perfused at constant flows with arterial blood. Inhibition of sympathetic ganglionic transmission contributed predominantly to the vasodilatation in muscle that accompanied intravenous administration of procaine amide (20 mg/kg). In contrast, comparable amounts of procaine amide administered locally had no detectable effects on resistance vessels; in both muscle and paw, no decreases in base-line perfusion pressures and no inhibition of constrictor responses to phenylephrine, angiotensin, and 5-hydroxytryptamine occurred. Also, procaine amide had no detectable effects on constrictor responses to stimulation of sympathetic postganglionic nerves. Procaine amide reduced the reflex vasoconstrictor response to carotid hypotension, but this reduction was comparable to the inhibition of sympathetic ganglionic transmission. The absence of direct inhibitory effects on baroreceptors and central reflex pathways was supported by the failure of intracarotid administration of procaine amide to alter detectably in gracilis muscle base-line perfusion pressures and reflex constrictor responses to carotid hypotension. Procaine amide reduced reflex responses to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation with nicotine but not those to stimulation with cyanide, suggesting a direct selective inhibitory action on the carotid body but not on the central pathways of the reflex. We conclude that the vasodilator effect of procaine amide results from inhibition of ganglionic transmission. A similar hexamethoniumlike effect may account for the inhibition of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation by nicotine.
The Safety of Aspartame
Authors: William M. Pardridge
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs recently reviewed aspartame safety issues.<sup>1</sup>Aspartame is a new dipeptide sweetener, and US consumption of aspartame within three years of its widespread introduction into the food supply has increased to levels that, after normalization for sweetener potency, are approximately 10% of overall sugar intake.<sup>2</sup>It is reasonable to expect that the consumption of aspartame may approach 25% of overall sugar consumption by the 1990s. Given the widespread use of this elective food additive and given that its two constituent amino acids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, are neurotoxic, it is indeed prudent to consider safety issues in regard to the potential effects of this sweetener. Since neurotoxicity is a function of the blood level achieved following consumption of the sweetener and since blood aspartate levels do not rise after aspartame intake, it appears unlikely that there will be
Malpractice, Patient Satisfaction, and Physician-Patient Communication
Authors: Ted Peskin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We strongly agree with Dr Hickson and colleagues<sup>1</sup>that interpersonal aspects of care, especially those relating to physician-patient communication, are the most important predictors of patient satisfaction and consequent likelihood to institute a malpractice action. Our experience supports Dr Levinson's suggestion in the accompanying Editorial<sup>2</sup>that experienced physicians and other clinicians can improve communication skills and patient satisfaction through education and practice. In 1991, the patient relations department of the Fallon Clinic, a 250-physician multispecialty group practice, reported that the obstetrics/gynecology department was receiving patient complaints and concerns that exceeded other clinic departments. A patient satisfaction survey found relatively low scores on four questions. The questions probed quality of care, physician-patient communication, and access-risk factors similar to those demonstrated by Hickson et al to correlate with likelihood for suit. The departmental chair, the office of the medical director, and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center
Endoscopic Approach to Papillary Stenosis (PS)
Authors: M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Gastrointestinal endoscopy includes important possibilities for the diagnosis and therapy of papillary stenosis (PS). The surface of the papilla of Vater and the ampulla and the terminal common bile duct after EPT can be visualized directly. By means of ERCP the structure of the ampulla, the pancreatic duct and the biliary duct can be demonstrated. The motor activity of the sphincter of Oddi and the drainage time provide valuable information applicable to the diagnosis of PS. Histological examinations of snare and forceps biopsies are of the utmost importance for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant PS. The advent of endoscopic papillotomy made benign PS an "endoscopic disease". In patients with benign circumscribed PS, surgical sphincterotomy is only rarely indicated. The high success rate of endoscopic papillotomy in PS makes biliary drainage by the transduodenal or the percutaneous transhepatic route superfluous in the majority of cases. We do not regard laser coagulation of papillary cancer as the treatment of choice although it may be indicated in patients who are inoperable or who refuse surgery. - Today, gastrointestinal endoscopy offers the decisive diagnostic and therapeutic approach to papillary stenosis.
Underreporting of AIDS in South Carolina
Authors: Jeffrey L. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to make a few comments about areas that we feel were not sufficiently addressed in the recent article by Conway et al<sup>1</sup>about underreporting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in South Carolina. Their study took place between January 1, 1986, and June 30, 1987, before federal funding was allotted for an active AIDS surveillance program in South Carolina. Staff were hired for an active AIDS surveillance program in South Carolina in August 1987, long before the results of the study were known. Although we were glad to receive federal assistance for this project, it came to South Carolina much later than in high-seroprevalence states. The state general assembly has also contributed significantly to funding of our AIDS program. We feel as strongly about the importance of complete reporting of AIDS cases as Buehler et al<sup>2</sup>in their editorial in the same issue
The Genotype of the Original Wiskott Phenotype
Authors: Vera Binder, Michael H. Albert, Maria Kabus, Marko Bertone, Alfons Meindl, Bernd H. Belohradsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an X-linked hereditary disorder associated with combined immunodeficiency, thrombocytopenia, small platelets, eczema, and increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorders and cancers. It is caused by mutations in the gene (WAS) for the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP). We investigated family members of the patients originally described by Wiskott in 1937 and identified a new frame shift mutation in exon 1 of WAS. This mutation is likely to be the hypothesized genotype that caused the severe form of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in the three brothers described by Wiskott.
Some international trends in sickness absence 1950-68
Authors: P. J. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Annual sickness absence rates in Great Britain since 1950 have been compared with similar measurements obtained from eight other countries. Frequency has tended to rise more than severity, indicating a shortening of the average length of a spell. The rise in British rates is not unique, and has been exceeded in Sweden, Holland, Italy, and West Germany. From the Swedish experience with self-certification some caution is necessary before recommending its adoption in Britain.
A malignant pleural effusion infected with Salmonella enteritidis.
Authors: G. V. Gill, A. Holden
Journal: Thorax (1996)

A patient is described with a unilateral pleural effusion persistently infected with Salmonella enteritidis. The infection was eventually eradicated with ciprofloxacin. A computed tomographic scan and mediastinal lymph node biopsy demonstrated an underlying small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
Epilepsy and the Ruby Trial
Authors: Francis M. Forster, Peter Kellaway, Roland P. Mackay, Robert S. Schwad, A. Earl Walker
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The undersigned testified at the recent trial of Jack Ruby for and at the request of the state. We submit the following statements to the many physicians responsible for the health and peace of mind of nearly 1 million patients with various types of epileptic seizures: Neither the clinical history nor the electroencephalogram of Mr. Ruby indicated any definite evidence of epilepsy. Epileptic seizures are never associated with complicated and planned criminal acts or violence. Epileptics are as safe to be with as any group of people except in extremely rare and usually predictable situations.
Abstract 5755: Molecular mechanisms of small cell lung carcinoma development using preclinical mouse models
Authors: Kwon-Sik Park, Julien Sage
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a neuroendocrine subtype of lung cancer with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. A mouse model for human SCLC has been developed based on the fact that the RB and p53 tumor suppressor genes are mutated in more than 90% of human SCLC tumors. Rb/p53 mutant mouse lung tumors closely resemble human SCLC at the cellular and molecular levels, providing a model to probe the mechanisms underlying the development and the maintenance of SCLC in vivo. Based on preliminary evidence in a small number of human samples and tumor cell lines, we have examined the possibility that SCLC tumors may rely on the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway for their growth. Hh signaling plays a key role during normal lung development and response to injury but normally has low activity in the lung epithelium. In contrast, when we crossed Rb/p53 mutant mice to Ptch1lacZ/+ reporter mice, we found that Hh signaling was active in all the SCLCs that developed. Experiments with cell lines derived from mouse tumors also indicated that the activation of Hh signaling in these cells was cell-autonomous. Constitutive activation of the Hh pathway using a mutant allele of Smo was sufficient to enhance SCLC development in vivo. Inhibition of the Hh pathway with Cyclopamine and GANT61 reduced the survival of SCLC cells in culture and of primary tumors in vivo, indicating that activation of the Hh pathway is also necessary for the expansion of these tumor cells. Thus, the Hh pathway is active in SCLC cells and plays an intrinsic role in the initiation and the maintenance of SCLC. These observations in a pre-clinical model suggest that inhibition of this signaling pathway may provide a novel means to treat SCLC patients. Emerging evidence in patients and mouse models also suggests that p130, a gene related to RB, may act as a tumor suppressor in SCLC cells. To test this idea, we used conditional mutant mice to delete p130 in combination with Rb and p53 in adult lung epithelial cells. We found that loss of p130 resulted in increased proliferation and significant acceleration of SCLC development, indicating that p130 plays a key tumor suppressor role in SCLC and providing an improved mouse model for SCLC. We are currently using this triple knock-out mouse model to identify the cell(s) of origin for SCLC as well as to elucidate the mechanisms behind the high metastatic potential of this tumor type. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5755.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Sickle-Cell Anemia
Authors: MARTIN H. STEINBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

There is evidence that the prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency is greater than would be expected in individuals with sickle-cell anemia, which suggests a survival advantage for these patients. We have studied 45 individuals with sickle-cell anemia, with methods for detecting G-6-PD deficiency in the presence of reticulocytosis, and we have found its prevalence to be similar to that of control subjects. The patients were mostly adults with mild sickle-cell disease. The differences between our findings and those reported previously may be partly owing to the nature of the populations studied. Our findings do not provide evidence that G-6-PD deficiency in adults with sickle-cell anemia gives them any advantage in survival.
Deciphering the Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Mutations in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Shom Goel, Ian E. Krop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.60.0742 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print March 23, 2015 PMID: 25800754 Deciphering the Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Mutations in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer Shom GoelxShom GoelSearch for articles by this author , Ian E. KropxIan E. KropSearch for articles by this author Show More Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.60.0742 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2015 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
A tense case--Carney's triad
Authors: J. C Bladen, M. Moosajee, J H D. Bassett
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

obstruction.Multiple strictures (2-25) are often present, with frequent relapse following resection.Steroid responsiveness is typical but steroid dependence often occurs.Limited experience with immunosuppressants (azathioprine and methotrexate) suggests lack of benefit. 4Weight loss was a feature in about half of the cases described and systemic symptoms such as fever and arthralgia may also be present.Iron deficiency anaemia has not, we think, been previously described as the presenting complaint.
Peptide Diffusion, Protection, and Degradation in Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Compartments before Antigen Presentation by MHC Class I
Authors: Eric Reits, Alexander Griekspoor, Joost Neijssen, Tom Groothuis, Kees Jalink, Peter van Veelen, Hans Janssen, Jero Calafat, Jan Wouter Drijfhout, Jacques Neefjes
Journal: Immunity (2003)
Failure of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition to protect against arrhythmias induced by ischaemia and reperfusion: implications for the role of prostaglandins as endogenous myocardial protective substances
Authors: C. L Wainwright, J R Parratt
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

It has been suggested that the balance between the release from the heart of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 is a major determinant of the severity of arrhythmias during ischaemia and reperfusion. This has been examined in a dog model.Three different cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors in doses adequate to prevent formation of both prostacyclin and thromboxane--aspirin (7 mg.kg-1), flurbiprofen (3 mg.kg-1), and sodium meclofenamate (2 mg.kg-1) with or without nafazatrom or dazmegrel--were given prior to a combined occlusion-reperfusion insult, and the severity of resulting arrhythmias examined.Adult greyhound dogs were used: controls n = 29; aspirin n = 10; flurbiprofen n = 10; sodium meclofenamate +/- nafazatrom or dazmegrel n = 22.None of the interventions modified the severity of ischaemic arrhythmias induced by coronary artery occlusion and release. The numbers of ventricular extrasystoles during the 40 min occlusion period were similar in all groups: controls 653(SEM 109); aspirin 690(187); flurbiprofen 454(132); meclofenamate 833(218). Ventricular fibrillation from the combined occlusion-reperfusion insult was also similar; controls 83%; aspirin 80%; flurbiprofen 80%; meclofenamate 100%. In the doses used all three inhibitors prevented the increase in plasma concentrations of thromboxane A2 [from 104(23) to 166(34) pg.ml-1] and prostacyclin [from 450(80) to 720(110) pg.ml-1] seen in control untreated dogs subjected to coronary artery occlusion. The addition of sodium meclofenamate to either nafazatrom (10 mg.kg-1 orally) or dazmegrel (3 mg.kg-1 intravenously), which when given alone are markedly protective, abolished this protection.The results show the importance of maintaining prostacyclin release in modifying the severity of ischaemic and reperfusion arrhythmias, and again suggest that prostacyclin is an "endogenous antiarrhythmic substance".
TCTAP A-052 Experiences of Combined Treatments of Selective Pulmonary Vasodilators After the Transcatheter Closure in Atrial Septal Defect with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Lucy Youngmin Eun, Kee Soo Ha, Jo Won Jung, Jae Young Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
THE PREVALENCE AND OUTCOMES OF TRANSRADIAL PCI FOR STEMI: ANALYSIS FROM THE NCDR®
Authors: Dmitri Baklanov, Lisa Kaltenbach, Steven Marso, Sumeet Subherwal, Dmitriy Feldman, Kirk Garratt, Jeptha Curtis, John Messenger, Sunil Rao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Nasal Foreign Bodies and Bromidrosis
Authors: Dale F. Syfert
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Katz et al (241:1496, 1979) on body odor as a presenting symptom of nasal bodies in children may be misleading. As a medical student I was asked to evaluate the case of a young girl with bad breath whose mother would not bring the child into the examination room until she had explained the situation to me. This girl had had foul breath odor for three to four weeks, and her mother had tried all forms of mouth washes and gargles. As the child entered the room, an extremely fetid odor could be appreciated from a full 5-m distance. The odor was so strong that only by diligent inspection could one determine that it primarily emanated from the mouth. On examination, a small purulent area was noted in one nostril, and with pickups, a rolled-up piece of school notebook paper was found, measuring approximately
Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality of Overweight Adolescents
Authors: Aviva Must, Paul F. Jacques, Gerard E. Dallal, Carl J. Bajema, William H. Dietz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Overweight in adults is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In contrast, the long-term effect of overweight in adolescence on morbidity and mortality is not known.
Effect of the number of peak expiratory flow readings per day on the estimation of diurnal variation
Authors: P F G Gannon, D T Newton, C F A Pantin, P S Burge
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The number of peak expiratory flow (PEF) readings required per day to assess diurnal variation accurately is not known; published studies have used between two and seven PEF readings per day. This study compares the diurnal variation calculated using 2–10 PEF readings per day. <h3>METHODS</h3> All days with 10 readings were selected from a database of PEF records. For each day, diurnal variations calculated using 2–9 of the readings available were compared with that calculated using the full 10 PEF readings. Diurnal variation calculated using all 10 readings was taken as the true diurnal variation. When less than 10 readings were used the readings were evenly spaced over waking hours. Diurnal variation was calculated as maximum — minimum/predicted. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Two hundred and 25 days with 10 readings per day were selected from PEF records provided by 63 individuals. When only two PEF readings per day were used, the limits of agreement suggested a possible underestimate of true diurnal variation, calculated using all 10 readings, of 1.23–15.10%. The possible underestimate fell to 0.27–3.96% when calculated using four evenly spaced readings. Analysis of the timing of the highest PEF reading of the day was undertaken for rest and work days. This showed a mean (SD) timing of 13:56 (4:56 hours) for rest days and 11:47 (5:59 hours) for work days. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Clinically significant underestimates of true diurnal variation may be seen when only small numbers of PEF readings per day are used in its calculation. At and above four readings the results suggest that the underestimate becomes increasingly insignificant in terms of the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. Analysis of the timing of the highest PEF reading of the day showed a wide variation, precluding the ability to capture the true diurnal variation with just two or three carefully timed PEF readings per day. The authors suggests that at least four readings per day should be performed, evenly spaced during waking hours, to obtain an accurate assessment of diurnal variation in PEF.
Of intended and unintended consequences
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

If you can judge a society by how well it treats its weakest members (the criterion variously credited to Aristotle, Churchill, Dostoevsky, Gandhi, and Pope John Paul II) how will Britain’s Big Society be judged after last week’s comprehensive spending review? (doi:10.1136/bmj.c5952)

Here are some pointers. Welfare spending took the biggest hit: to already announced savings of £11bn (€13bn, $17bn) another £7bn was added, to come “mainly from making working-age benefits for poorer households stingier” ( The Economist 2010, 23 Oct, http://bit.ly/bKowOO). “Was it fair that children should emerge as the prime losers?” asks Polly Toynbee in our online debate over the fairness of the cuts (doi:10.1136/bmj.c6053, doi:10.1136/bmj.c6049). In every income group families with school age children lose the highest proportion of their …
Current Practice of Emergency Medicine
Authors: J. Michael Albrich
Journal: JAMA (1992)

One of the great challenges to an editor who assembles a textbook of emergency medicine is the breadth of the field. It includes all the specialties and much primary care. Testament to that enormous scope is the third and newest edition of perhaps the most revered textbook of the specialty,<i>Emergency Medicine</i>by Rosen et al (Mosby-Year Book, 1992), some 3100 pages long in three volumes. But, despite the enormous amount of pertinent material, Callaham's<i>Current Practice of Emergency Medicine</i>, second edition, achieves in less than 1400 pages the stated goal of providing a single-volume reference containing crucial data, easily retrievable by clinicians actually seeing patients. For this review I "field tested"<i>Current Practice of Emergency Medicine</i>in the emergency department. After seeing a patient, I reviewed the pertinent chapters as time allowed. After two months I had reviewed about one third of the chapters in this fashion. I found
Agglutinins and Incomplete Antibodies after a Single Antigenic Inoculation in Normal and Rheumatic Individuals
Authors: V. Wagner, V. Rejholec, V. Maly, E. Hallerova, M. Motlikova, M. Repic-Slechta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1955)

A series of empirical pilot studies, performed during workshops at meetings of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law (AAPL), and examining various aspects of the attorney-expert witness relationship are presented and their implications are discussed. The author calls for further investigation of a topic that--although constantly a feature of discussion among both experts and attorneys--lacks extensive empirical investigation.
Platelet transcriptional profile and protein expression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: up-regulation of the type I interferon system is strongly associated with vascular disease
Authors: Christian Lood, Stefan Amisten, Birgitta Gullstrand, Andreas Jönsen, Maria Allhorn, Lennart Truedsson, Gunnar Sturfelt, David Erlinge, Anders A. Bengtsson
Journal: Blood (2010)