tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An aid to pyloroplasty.
Authors: L. F. Tinckler
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Animal Experimentation 2MSJURL1133 with regard to suffering in dogs due to genetic abnormalities.The latter were either accidental and unwanted, or among the defining characteristics and show-points of the breed deliberately cultivated-such as the " ideal " show stance derived from congenitally dislocated hips.Humane understanding had to be learned and was not intuitive.The National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill, in London, was a microcosm of all basic medical research, Sir Peter observed, and a division of animal husbandry had been established there to supply animals and to train animal techni- cians-now a recognized profession ancillary to medicine.Here the problems of the provision of animals of known genetic constitu- tion and of specific pathogenfree animals had been overcome, despite some ill4nformed opposition which had maintained that such animals were unnatural and results from them therefore useless.Nevertheless, the number of such animals required was less than before, because more factors were controlled and the mortality from unrelated infections was lower.
Behavior Patterns, Blood Lipids, and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Ray H. Rosenman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Serum lipids and lipoproteins were determined in a "blind study" of ten men who exhibited an overt behavior pattern (Pattern A) which had earlier been found to be associated with a high prevalence of clinical coronary heart disease, and ten men who showed a converse overt behavior pattern (Pattern B). The men exhibiting Type A Behavior Pattern, were also found to exhibit, in comparison to those with Type B Behavior Pattern, significantly higher serum levels of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol and of serum beta- and other low-density lipoprotein lipids, and significantly lower α/β lipoprotein cholesterol ratios. These differences were not found ascribable to any differences of diet, weight, or physical activity.
Management of sudden bereavement in the accident and emergency department.
Authors: M. W. Cooke, H. M. Cooke, E. E. Glucksman
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To assess facilities available for the suddenly bereaved in accident and emergency departments and variations in care of bereaved relatives. DESIGN--Postal questionnaire survey. SETTING--England and Wales. SUBJECTS--All 98 accident and emergency departments treating over 50,000 patients a year, 78 of which replied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Number of departments with specific facilities, staff training, and procedures for dealing with bereavement. RESULTS--60 hospitals had a specific room for bereaved relatives; the remainder used multipurpose rooms. In 49 hospitals relatives were taken to the room by a nurse with sole responsibility for caring for them. In 40 hospitals the nurse stayed with the relatives and 66 updated relatives on the patient9s condition. Facilities for viewing the body privately were poor, and relatives often had to ask to be left alone. 25 departments gave no written information on bereavement and only four routinely followed up relatives. Further training was requested by staff in 44 departments. CONCLUSIONS--Although facilities could be improved, immediate care of relatives is good. Care over subsequent weeks and preparation for this period is invariably inadequate.
[419] ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND HEPATOPROTECTION BY HEME OXYGENASE-1 IN MODELS OF HUMAN HEPATITIS B INFECTION
Authors: U. Protzer, S. Seyfried, M. Quasdorff, G. Sass, F. Bohne, M. Hosel, P. Schirmacher, G. Tiegs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Single Ventricle with Transposition
Authors: JOSÉ MARÍN-GARCÍA, RAJENDRA TANDON, JAMES H. MOLLER, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Fifty-seven cases of single (common) ventricle with transposition of the great vessels are reviewed. The diagnosis had been confirmed by necropsy in 25 and by angiocardiography in 32 cases. Single (common) ventricle is defined as that condition in which both atrioventricular valves separately enter a single ventricular cavity. According to this definition, cases presenting with common atrioventricular valve, atresia of one atrioventricular valve, or straddling valves have been excluded. Two structural types of common ventricle are identified: the left ventricular type and the primitive type of single ventricle. The former showed anatomic features similar to a left ventricle, whereas in the latter, features characteristic of a left ventricle were not present. The latter was considered a more primitive condition than the former. A classification based upon the type of single ventricle and its outflow tract and upon the relationship of the great vessels is presented. Of the 25 cases of single ventricle with transposition studied pathologically, 21 were of the left ventricular type and four of the primitive type. Of the four cases with double conus three were among the four examples of primitive ventricle. Among the 21 cases with a single conus, the type of transposition was about equally divided between the d -type (ten cases) and the l -type (11 cases). Pulmonary stenosis or atresia was observed in seven of the 21 cases with a single conus and in one of the four cases with double conus. In the clinical cases, only angiocardiography could establish the diagnosis and delineate the different types of great vessel-ventricular relationships.
Leprosy and its Diagnosis.
Authors: Louis A. Duhring
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Philadelphia, Feb. 9, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As one who for many years has studied leprosy, and who, moreover, has had opportunity of observing many cases in this and in other countries, I write this note with the view of calling forth additional information upon the " Report of two Cases of Leprosy in native-born Citizens of Ohio," by Dr. J. G. McDougal, of New Lexington, Ohio, in thisJournal, Feb. 2, 1895. The history and symptoms are in several ways remarkable, so much so that one familiar with leprosy might be inclined to question the correctness of the diagnosis without further facts and proofs being given. It is not the intention of the writer to criticise the report at present. It may, however, be stated that it is very unusual for leprosy to develop at the age of "fifteen months." It would, moreover, seem probable that the affection of the
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in human articular cartilage. Induction by peptide regulatory factors and differential effects of dexamethasone and retinoic acid.
Authors: P M Villiger, R Terkeltaub, M Lotz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Monocyte influx and activation in synovial joints are important in the pathogenesis of both degenerative and inflammatory arthropathies. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of articular cartilage to directly modulate these events. IL-1-stimulated human articular chondrocytes transcribed 0.7-kb monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA. In situ hybridization of cartilage organ cultures revealed MCP-1 transcripts in chondrocytes in the superficial tangential zone within 2 h of stimulation with IL-1. Chondrocytes in deeper layers responded by 4 h and reached maximum MCP-1 mRNA levels by 8-12 h. IL-1-stimulated cartilage organ and chondrocyte monolayer cultures released functional monocyte chemotactic activity. This was neutralized by a monoclonal antibody specific for MCP-1, and was associated with the synthesis and secretion of immunoreactive 13-kD and 15-kD isoforms of MCP-1. Regulators and signal transduction pathways involved with the expression of the MCP-1 gene in chondrocytes were analyzed. Steady-state mRNA levels were increased by the known chondrocyte activators IL-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, LPS, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta. In addition, leukemia inhibitory factor induced MCP-1 gene expression and protein synthesis, identifying this cytokine as a new regulator of chondrocyte function. Dexamethasone blunted the induction of MCP-1 gene expression by IL-1 and by activators of protein kinase A as well as protein kinase C signal transduction pathways. In contrast, retinoic acid strongly increased phorbol myristate acetate-induced MCP-1 expression and potentiated the effects of IL-1 and LPS. In conclusion, chondrocytes express MCP-1 in response to factors that are present in cartilage or synovium. This provides a mechanism by which cartilage can play an active role in the initiation and progression of arthritis.
Exploring the Harmful Effects of Health Care
Authors: Charles M. Kilo
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Genetic evidence for identical mutations in two partially deficient subjects.
Authors: B L Davidson, S J Chin, J M Wilson, W N Kelley, T D Palella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

In past reports of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency a marked degree of molecular heterogeneity has been noted. We have previously described two apparently unrelated subjects with partial HPRT deficiency, G.S. and D.B., who have a mutant form of HPRT with remarkably similar alterations in physical and kinetic properties. The mutation in G.S. is a serine to leucine substitution at amino acid 110 as determined by amino acid sequence analysis. This mutant enzyme has been designated HPRTLondon. We have examined HPRT cDNA from D.B. using two different methods to determine if the similar properties of mutant HPRT from these two subjects are the result of a common mutation. HPRT cDNA clones were obtained by routine cloning techniques and by polymerase chain reaction amplification of single-stranded cDNA reverse transcribed from mRNA derived from subject D.B. Dideoxynucleotide sequencing revealed a single mutation, a C to T transition at bp 329 in clones generated by both methods. This mutation in D.B. predicts the identical amino acid substitution described in HPRTLondon. A C to T nucleotide transition at 329 in D.B. creates an Hpa I site in exon 4 of the HPRT gene. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA isolated from lymphoblasts derived from G.S. and D.B. revealed that both have this additional Hpa I site, indicating that the similarly altered protein sequence is due to the identical transition in the HPRT gene.
AAV-microdystrophin Therapy Improves Cardiac Performance in Aged Female mdx Mice
Authors: Brian Bostick, Jin-Hong Shin, Yongping Yue, Dongsheng Duan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Dystrophin deficiency leads to lethal dilated Duchenne cardiomyopathy. A promising therapy is to deliver a highly abbreviated microdystrophin gene to the heart using adeno-associated virus (AAV). Microdystrophin has been shown to mitigate dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle disease. However, it is not clear whether microdystrophin is equally effective in treating Duchenne cardiomyopathy. To evaluate microdystrophin therapy in the heart, we injected 5 × 10(12) viral genome particles/mouse of AAV-9 ΔR4-23/ΔC microdystrophin vector via tail vein to ~16-20-month-old (average 18.7-month-old) female mdx mice, a manifesting model of Duchenne cardiomyopathy. Cardiac transduction and heart function were examined at 2-8 months after gene transfer. We observed robust myocardial microdystrophin expression. Electrocardiography (ECG) and left ventricular catheter hemodynamic assays also revealed significant improvement. Furthermore, AAV-microdystrophin therapy prevented dobutamine-stress induced acute cardiac death. We demonstrate for the first time that AAV microdystrophin therapy significantly ameliorates functional deficiency in a phenotypic model of Duchenne cardiomyopathy. Our results support further exploration of microdystrophin therapy to treat Duchenne cardiomyopathy.
Abstract P2-11-21: Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence in patients with operable breast cancer who undergo breast-conserving treatment after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Validation of the MD Anderson prognostic index
Authors: R Rouzier, M Bailleux, J-M Guinebretiere, B Delalande, S Lasry, F Lerebours, D Stevens
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND: A prognostic index, the MD Anderson Prognostic Index (MDAPI), has been developed to help refine selection criteria for breast-conserving therapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This score is based on initial nodal status N2/3, residual pathologic tumor size&amp;gt;2cm, a multifocal pattern of residual disease, and lymphovascular space invasion and ranged from 0 to 4. The objective of the current study was to validate the MDAPI for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. METHODS: Our study was a single-center retrospective analysis of a large prospectively collected breast cancer database. We identified data from 355 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent breast-conserving therapy between 2002 and 2010. Predictive factors of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and the usefulness of the MDAPI were analyzed. Discrimitaion of models was also calculated. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 65 months, and the 5-year ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence-free survival rate was 90.7%. 5-year IBTR-free survival were 91.3% and 87.4% in MDAPI 0/1 and MDAPI 2+ categories (p = 0.07). (Multivariate analysis demonstrated that MDAPI (p = 0.01), Ki67 (p = 0.0004) and HER2 status (p = 0.0006) were associated significantly with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence-free survival. Concordance index of the MDAPI was fair (0.6) but adding HER2 and ki67 status in the model improved concordance index : 0.75. CONCLUSIONS: The MDAPI was barely adaptable to the study patients in terms of predicting ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. Biological factors such as ki67 and HER2 status should be included in the prognostic model. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-11-21.
P172 Changes in pneumococcal serotype distribution of paediatric empyema in the age of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
Authors: M. F. Thomas, C. L. Sheppard, M. Guiver, R. C. George, C. Simmister, D. Cliff, R. Gorton, M. A. Elemraid, J. E. Clark, S. P. Rushton, J. Y. Paton, D. A. Spencer
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pneumococcal infection is the leading cause of paediatric empyema in the UK. The seven valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV-7) was introduced to the UK routine immunisation schedule in September 2006 and replaced in April 2010 with a 13 valent vaccine (PCV-13). Concerns have been raised in several countries about serotype replacement disease in paediatric empyema following the introduction of PCV-7. We have monitored changes in pneumococcal serotype distribution to determine whether there is evidence of serotype replacement in culture negative paediatric empyema in England following introduction of PCV-7 and PCV-13. <h3>Methods</h3> In September 2006, the Health Protection Agency established enhanced surveillance of paediatric culture negative empyema for England in collaboration with members of the British Paediatric Respiratory Society. Samples were forwarded from admitting hospitals, those that were pneumococcal PCR positive underwent non-culture serotyping using a multiplex antigen detection assay capable of detecting 14 serotypes/groups (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A/C, 6B, 7F/A, 8, 9V, 14, 18, 19A, 19F and 23F). Fisher9s exact test was used for analysis of count data and incidence rate ratios calculated for individual serotypes. <h3>Results</h3> 420 pleural fluid samples from 413 patients were tested. Four serotypes/groups contributed more than 85% of the total serotypes detected (Serotype 1–42.4%, 3–24.3%, 7A/F–10.2% and 19A–8.8%). Changes in individual serotypes and overall counts are shown in Abstract P172 table 1. PCV-7 serotypes initially contributed 16% of those detected but in 2009/2010 none were detected (p&lt;0.001). There was an increase in the detection of non-PCV-13 serotypes in 2010/2011 although this rise was non-significant (Pre: 1.8%, Post 3.6%, p=0.68). <h3>Conclusions</h3> No PCV-7 serotypes were detected in the final year before it was replaced by PCV-13, suggesting that PCV-7 was effective in preventing empyema due to these serotypes. There were significant increases in non-vaccine serotypes/groups, notably 3 and 7A/F, consistent with serotype replacement disease and mirroring changes in invasive pneumococcal disease as a whole. The increase in disease caused by non-PCV-13 serotypes in 2010/2011 highlights the need for ongoing active surveillance. Future changes in serotype distribution are likely, and these may alter the clinical profile of empyema.
305. A Safe TRAIL to Lung Tumor Specificity
Authors: Juan Shi, Dexian Zheng, Yanxin Liu, Mai Har Sham, Paul Tam, Farzin Farzaneh, Ruian Xu, Tomas J. Ekstrom, Zahidul Khan, Zoran Gojkovic, Mette Willer, Per M. Almqvist
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

brain tumor in a U87MG/nude mice model. In our study, the doublestranded AAV vector carrying the mouse decorin cDNA was constructed and type 2 AAV-decorin was produced. According to our preliminary results, the transduction efficiency of U87MG cells was best in type 2 AAV vector rather than type 1, type 3, type 4, type 5 or type 8. In the in vitro study of U87MG cells, most were arrested in sub G1 phase (by flow cytometry) and got very significant morphological changes and decreased cell numbers. Overexpression of decorin was also detected in the AAV-decorin infected U87MG cells by Western blot assay. In the in vivo study, the growth of malignant brain tumor was suppressed by the overexpressed decorin and the survivals were prolonged to over 6 months and the control animals were all expired around 4 to 6 weeks. Our study had demonstrated the potentials of type 2 dsAAV-decorin in gene transfer study of malignant brain tumors.
S50 Airway Smooth Muscle Inflammation Is Controlled By Microrna-145 Targeting Of Smad3 In Copd
Authors: L. O'Leary, B. Tildy, E. Papazoglou, I. Adcock, K. Chung, M. Perry
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) may contribute to the pathological airway inflammation and remodelling in COPD through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and increased proliferation. Our previous work demonstrated that ASMCs from patients with COPD release greater amounts of IL-6 and CXCL8 compared to those from healthy subjects and are in a state of hyperproliferation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as important homeostatic regulatory molecules in COPD, and we have previously demonstrated the role of these in controlling ASMC proliferation in asthma. We hypothesise that microRNA-145 (miR-145) controls the aberrant phenotype observed in ASMCs from patients with COPD by targeting SMAD3, an important downstream signalling molecule of the TGF-β pathway. <h3>Methods</h3> Human primary ASMCs were grown from individuals classified as being healthy non-smokers, healthy smokers, or those with COPD (n = 9 per group). Cells were stimulated with TGF-β and foetal calf serum, and miRNA and mRNA expression levels were measured by RT-PCR. IL-6 and CXCL8 release was measured by ELISA. Transfection of miR-145 mimics and inhibitors were used to model the effects of miR-145 over-expression and knock-down, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> Low concentrations of TGF-β significantly upregulated SMAD3 expression in ASMCs from patients with COPD. Higher concentrations of TGF-β led to a suppression of SMAD3 expression, with a concomitant increase in miR-145 expression in these cells, to a greater degree than in healthy subjects. Inhibiting miR-145 in ASMCs from COPD patients reduced the increased IL-6 and CXCL8 release and proliferation back to levels comparable to that of healthy individuals. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first time that miR-145 has been demonstrated to be important in controlling the increased inflammatory state of ASM cells from COPD patients. This miRNA may not only act as a novel biomarker for COPD, but may also be a novel target for treatment.
Inhalation of Dry Powder Mannitol Improves Clearance of Mucus in Patients with Bronchiectasis
Authors: EVANGELIA DAVISKAS, SANDRA D. ANDERSON, STEFAN EBERL, H-KIM CHAN, GEORGE BAUTOVICH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Bronchiectasis is a disease characterized by hypersecretion and retention of mucus requiring physical and pharmacologic treatment. Recently we reported that inhalation of dry powder mannitol markedly increases mucociliary clearance (MCC) in asthmatic and in healthy subjects (Daviskas, E., S. D. Anderson, J. D. Brannan, H. K. Chan, S. Eberl, and G. Bautovich. 1997. Inhalation of dry-powder mannitol increases mucociliary clearance. Eur. Respir. J. 10:2449-2454). In this study we investigated the effect of mannitol on MCC in patients with bronchiectasis. Eleven patients 40 to 62 yr of age inhaled mannitol (approximately 300 mg) from a Dinkihaler. MCC was measured over 90 min, in the supine position, on three occasions involving: mannitol or control or baseline, using a radioaerosol technique. On the control day patients reproduced the breathing maneuvers and the number of coughs induced by the mannitol. Mannitol significantly increased MCC over the 75 min from the start of the intervention compared with control and baseline in the whole right lung, central, and intermediate region. Mean (+/- SEM) clearance with mannitol was 34.0 +/- 5.0% versus 17.4 +/- 3.8% with control and 11.7 +/- 4.4% with baseline in the whole right lung (p < 0.0001). The mean number of coughs induced by mannitol was 49 +/- 11. In conclusion, inhalation of dry powder mannitol increased clearance of mucus and thus has the potential to benefit patients with bronchiectasis.