tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Human T-Cell Receptor
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Lisa H. Underhill, Oreste Acuto, Ellis L. Reinherz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

ALTHOUGH the molecular mechanisms that underlie antigen recognition in humoral immunity have long been understood, until recently the means by which cytotoxic and immunoregulatory T lymphocytes recognize antigen have been elusive.T lymphocytes, unlike B lymphocytes, predominantly recognize antigen when it is associated with membrane-bound products of the major histocompatibility complex.1 2 3 4 5 This "dual" recognition is important for activation of both cytotoxic effector T cells and immunoregulatory T cells. T cells of the former category lyse specific target cells, including cells infected with virus that display viral antigens,6 7 8 9 10 whereas immunoregulatory T cells act as inducers or helpers for interactions among T . . .
CD95 ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis is necessary for corneal allograft survival.
Authors: P M Stuart, T S Griffith, N Usui, J Pepose, X Yu, T A Ferguson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Although anatomical barriers and soluble mediators have been implicated in immune privilege, it appears that the apoptotic cell death of Fas+ cells by tissue-associated CD95 ligand (Fas ligand, FasL) is an important component. One clinical example of the function of an immune privileged site is the success of human corneal transplants, where a very high percentage of transplants accept without tissue matching or immunosuppressive therapy. Since the mouse cornea expresses abundant Fas ligand and immune privilege has been implicated in the success of these transplants, we examined the role of FasL in corneal transplantation. Our results show that human corneas express functional FasL capable of killing Fas+ lymphoid cells in an in vitro culture system. Using a mouse model for corneal allograft transplantation, FasL+ orthografts were accepted at a rate of 45%, whereas FasL- grafts, or normal grafts transplanted to Fas- mice, were rejected 100% of the time. Histological analysis found that FasL+ grafts contained apoptotic mononuclear cells indicating the induction of apoptosis by the graft, while rejecting FasL- corneas contained numerous inflammatory cells without associated apoptosis. Taken together our results demonstrate that FasL expression on the cornea is a major factor in corneal allograft survival and, thus, we provide an explanation for one of the most successful tissue transplants performed in humans.
The unfinished business of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Carlo Selmi, Massimo Zuin, M. Eric Gershwin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

In nearly every multifactorial human disease, there are three periods that characterize our understanding and definition. First, there is a period in which there is rapid accumulation of descriptive data. Second, there is a longer and slower period as information is obtained that redefines and expands basic and clinical knowledge that lacks the final and important area of understanding aetiology and therapeutic intervention. Third, which is much less common for most diseases, is the vigorous definition of pathobiology and treatment. These phases are well illustrated by our current understanding of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The term PBC was first used nearly 60 years ago and for the first 40 or so years, the primary research efforts were directed at clinical definitions and pathology. Subsequently, with the advent of molecular biology, there began a rigorous dissection of the immune response and, in particular, a better understanding of anti-mitochondrial antibodies. These efforts have greatly helped in our understanding of not only the effector mechanisms of disease, but also the uniqueness of the primary target tissue, biliary epithelium. However, this research has still not led to successful translation for specific therapy.
Neurohormones in the prediction of anti‐remodelling effects on the left ventricle during β‐blockade with metoprolol in chronic heart failure
Authors: B.A. Groenning, J.C. Nilsson, H.B.W. Larsson, A. Kjaer, L. Sondergaard, T. Fritz‐Hansen, P. Hildebrandt
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Clinical features of neonatal toxic shock syndrome-like exanthematous disease emerging in Japan
Authors: Naoto Takahashi, Ritei Uehara, Hiroshi Nishida, Izumi Sakuma, Chika Yamasaki, Kayo Takahashi, Yoko Honma, Mariko Y. Momoi, Takehiko Uchiyama
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Drug resistance in tuberculosis
Authors: D. A. Mitchison
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

A drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is defined as one differing from the tight distribution of wild strains that have not come into contact with the drug concerned. Sensitivity tests are performed by the absolute concentration method, the resistance ratio method or the proportion method. The hypothesis underlying the proportion method is that there are appreciable differences in inoculum size so that there should be an association between the proportion on drug-free medium and the proportion on drug-containing medium. This hypothesis was not supported by a study on ethionamide-resistant strains. It indicated that variation in the proportion on drug-free medium was due to clumping of the bacilli in the inoculum rather than to differences in the number of bacilli. Hence, the use of the proportion method introduces errors in susceptibility testing. While the method can produce reliable results, it is more time consuming than a minimal inhibitory concentration determination, and should not be adopted as a standard method.
Microbial ecology and host-microbiota interactions during early life stages
Authors: Maria Carmen Collado, Maria Cernada, Christine Baüerl, Máximo Vento, Gaspar Pérez-Martínez
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

The role of human microbiota has been redefined during recent years and its physiological role is now much more important than earlier understood. Intestinal microbial colonization is essential for the maturation of immune system and for the developmental regulation of the intestinal physiology. Alterations in this process of colonization have been shown to predispose and increase the risk to disease later in life. The first contact of neonates with microbes is provided by the maternal microbiota. Moreover, mode of delivery, type of infant feeding and other perinatal factors can influence the establishment of the infant microbiota. Taken into consideration all the available information it could be concluded that the exposure to the adequate microbes early in gestation and neonatal period seems to have a relevant role in health. Maternal microbial environment affects maternal and fetal immune physiology and, of relevance, this interaction with microbes at the fetal-maternal interface could be modulated by specific microbes administered to the pregnant mother. Indeed, probiotic interventions aiming to reduce the risk of immune-mediated diseases may appear effective during early life.
PREDICTION OF MORTALITY RISK IN PRIMARY PREVENTION ICD RECIPIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: AN EASY APPLICABLE RISK SCORE
Authors: Joep Thijssen, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Johannes B. van Rees, Guido H. Welsenes, Rutger J. van Bommel, Lieselot van Erven, Ernst E. van der Wall, Johanna G. van der Bom, Frits R. Rosendaal, Jeroen J. Bax, Martin J. Schalij
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Übersicht über die wichtigste deutschsprachige Nachkriegsliteratur auf den Gebieten Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie und Orthopädagogik
Authors: M. Pflanz
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1953)

Review Articles| January 20 2010 Übersicht über die wichtigste deutschsprachige Nachkriegsliteratur auf den Gebieten Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie und Orthopädagogik Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology M. Pflanz M. Pflanz München Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica (1953) 1 (1): 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1159/000278360 Article history Published Online: January 20 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. Pflanz; Übersicht über die wichtigste deutschsprachige Nachkriegsliteratur auf den Gebieten Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie und Orthopädagogik. Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica 1 January 1953; 1 (1): 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1159/000278360 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsActa Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1953Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Obama aims to reduce federal health costs by $400bn over 10 years
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

President Barack Obama submitted his proposed 2014 budget to Congress on Wednesday, saying that his administration aimed to reduce the US budget deficit by an additional $1.8 trillion (£1.2 trillion; €1.4 trillion) over the next 10 years.

If enacted, the new budget, coupled with reductions enacted over the past two years, would reduce the US deficit by more than $4 trillion over the decade, the Office of Management and Budget has said.

It added that this would put the US on track to reduce its deficit to 2.8% of its gross domestic product by 2016 and 1.7% by 2023.

To achieve the reductions the president’s plan includes $2 of spending cuts for every $1 of increased tax revenue.

By offering a mix of tax rises and …
Abnormal Distribution of 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid in a Patient with Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: MIGUEL A. ANDUJAR, VIRGILIO A. VALDEZ, NILO E. HERRERA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Marked pulmonary uptake of 99mTc-sulfur colloid in a patient with monoclonal gammopathy and histologically proven amyloidosis is described and discussed.
The Great Betrayal: Fraud in Science
Authors: Peter Wilmshurst
Journal: BMJ (2004)

T he Great Betrayal describes many cases of research fraud. Why is the academic establishment reluctant to admit that fraud is a major problem? Possibly because the most influential academics obtained their seniority from research publications rather than by their teaching or practical skills. To suggest that their positions were attained in a corrupt system reduces their status. Horace Freeland Judson Harcourt, $28, pp 480 ISBN 0 15 100877 9 www.harcourtbooks.com Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> As with other forms of clandestine dishonesty we can be certain that for every case of research fraud that is exposed others go undetected. In the cleverest financial or art frauds the victims do not even know they were duped. Ultimately it is the taxpayers who pick up the bill for research fraud and are its victims, but patients suffer directly when medical research is falsified. Most cases of research fraud collated by Judson have been described before, but in many cases he has new information from interviews with the people involved. Therein lies a problem. Have people told him the truth—or what they want history to record? In the cases where I have direct knowledge there are some inaccuracies. Judson states: “The case of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Expression of a Natural Tumor Antigen by Thymic Epithelial Cells Impairs the Tumor-Protective CD4+ T-Cell Repertoire
Authors: Rinke Bos, Suzanne van Duikeren, Thorbald van Hall, Patricia Kaaijk, Richard Taubert, Bruno Kyewski, Ludger Klein, Cornelis J.M. Melief, Rienk Offringa
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract A variety of antigens that display a highly tissue-specific expression pattern have recently found to be also expressed in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC). This unique feature of mTEC plays an important role in preventing hazardous autoimmune responses through thymic tolerization of T-cell subsets directed against autoantigens but could also limit the possibility of exploiting tumor-associated antigens for immune-mediated targeting of cancers. Our present study shows that expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in thymic epithelial cells of CEA-transgenic mice results in tolerization of a major fraction of the CD4+ T-cell repertoire against this antigen, thereby markedly limiting the effect of CEA-specific immunization against CEA-overexpressing tumors. The expression of CEA in mTEC of CEA-transgenic mice is mirrored by its expression in human mTEC, arguing that promiscuous gene expression in these thymic stromal cells needs to be considered as a potential hurdle for immunotherapies of cancer that target tissue-specific autoantigens.
Circulating Rheumatoid and Antinuclear Factors in Asbestos Workers
Authors: M. Turner-Warwick, W. R. Parkes
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In an unselected series of 80 patients with asbestos exposure referred to the London Pneumoconiosis Medical Panel, antinuclear and rheumatoid factors were found in 28 and 27% respectively. This probably represents at least a fourfold increase over their incidence in random populations. The presence of these autoantibodies was not related to the duration of exposure, but was related to the extent of radiographic abnormality.
Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Adolescents and Young Adults With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Gerald F. Greil, Matthias Stuber, René M. Botnar, Kraig V. Kissinger, Tal Geva, Jane W. Newburger, Warren J. Manning, Andrew J. Powell
Journal: Circulation (2002)

In patients with Kawasaki disease, serial evaluation of the distribution and size of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) is necessary for risk stratification and therapeutic management. Although transthoracic echocardiography is often sufficient for this purpose initially, visualization of the coronary arteries becomes progressively more difficult as children grow. We sought to prospectively compare coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and x-ray coronary angiography findings in patients with CAA caused by Kawasaki disease.Six subjects (age 10 to 25 years) with known CAA from Kawasaki disease underwent coronary MRA using a free-breathing T2-prepared 3D bright blood segmented k-space gradient echo sequence with navigator gating and tracking. All patients underwent x-ray coronary angiography within a median of 75 days (range, 1 to 359 days) of coronary MRA. There was complete agreement between MRA and x-ray angiography in the detection of CAA (n=11), coronary artery stenoses (n=2), and coronary occlusions (n=2). Excellent agreement was found between the 2 techniques for detection of CAA maximal diameter (mean difference=0.4 +/- 0.6 mm) and length (mean difference=1.4 +/- 1.6 mm). The 2 methods showed very similar results for proximal coronary artery diameter (mean difference=0.2 +/- 0.5 mm) and CAA distance from the ostia (mean difference=0.1 +/- 1.5 mm).Free-breathing 3D coronary MRA accurately defines CAA in patients with Kawasaki disease. This technique may provide a non-invasive alternative when transthoracic echocardiography image quality is insufficient, thereby reducing the need for serial x-ray coronary angiography in this patient group.
The association of an HPV16 oncogene variant with HLA-B7 has implications for vaccine design in cervical cancer
Authors: J.R.M. Ellis, P.J. Keating, J. Baird, E. F. Hounsell, D. V. Renouf, M. Rowe, D. Hopkins, M.F. Duggan-Keen, J.S. Bartholomew, L.S. Young, P.L. Stern
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
SUCCESSFUL INDUSTRIAL GROUP PRACTICE
Authors: M. S. BLOOM
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In The Journal, over a year ago, I<sup>1</sup>discussed a plan of industrial group medicine referred to as the Spaulding plan and sponsored by Spaulding Bakeries, Binghamton, N. Y. At that time the plan had been successfully functioning for a full year. The broad circulation ofThe Journal, combined with an apparently widespread interest in the question of group medicine, brought inquiries and comments from every section of the United States, and from some sections of Canada. This interest made me wonder whether another article dealing with recent developments in the plan might not be worth while. The Spaulding plan, of which I am medical adviser, has now definitely passed the experimental stage and has become a permanent organization offering various medical services to employee members of Spaulding Bakeries. I was chosen medical adviser of this plan because the sponsoring company felt that some one with medical training was
The challenge of chronic conditions: WHO responds
Authors: J. Epping-Jordan, R. Bengoa, R. Kawar, E. Sabate
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Education and debate p 990 

Chronic conditions are expected to become the main cause of death and disability in the world by 2020,1 contributing around two thirds of the global burden of disease with enormous healthcare costs for societies and governments.2–4 These conditions include non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, chest and heart disease, mental health disorders such as depression, and certain communicable diseases such as HIV infection and AIDS. Mental health problems account for nearly a third of the chronic disability affecting the world's population now and comprise five of the top 10 causes of disability.5 Yet many healthcare providers are ill equipped to manage chronic conditions effectively, and many governments cannot cope with the escalating disease burden and costs.

#### Strategies to improve clinical care and outcomes for chronic conditions

Develop health policies and legislation to support comprehensive care

Reorganise healthcare finance to facilitate and support evidence based care …
Indoor Environmental Exposures and Exacerbation of Asthma: An Update to the 2000 Review by the Institute of Medicine
Authors: Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon, Mark J. Mendell, Jonathan M. Gaffin, Grace Wang, Wanda Phipatanakul
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Previous research has found relationships between specific indoor environmental exposures and exacerbation of asthma.In this review we provide an updated summary of knowledge from the scientific literature on indoor exposures and exacerbation of asthma.Peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2013 on indoor exposures and exacerbation of asthma were identified through PubMed, from reference lists, and from authors' files. Articles that focused on modifiable indoor exposures in relation to frequency or severity of exacerbation of asthma were selected for review. Research findings were reviewed and summarized with consideration of the strength of the evidence.Sixty-nine eligible articles were included. Major changed conclusions include a causal relationship with exacerbation for indoor dampness or dampness-related agents (in children); associations with exacerbation for dampness or dampness-related agents (in adults), endotoxin, and environmental tobacco smoke (in preschool children); and limited or suggestive evidence for association with exacerbation for indoor culturable Penicillium or total fungi, nitrogen dioxide, rodents (nonoccupational), feather/down pillows (protective relative to synthetic bedding), and (regardless of specific sensitization) dust mite, cockroach, dog, and dampness-related agents.This review, incorporating evidence reported since 2000, increases the strength of evidence linking many indoor factors to the exacerbation of asthma. Conclusions should be considered provisional until all available evidence is examined more thoroughly.Multiple indoor exposures, especially dampness-related agents, merit increased attention to prevent exacerbation of asthma, possibly even in nonsensitized individuals. Additional research to establish causality and evaluate interventions is needed for these and other indoor exposures.
Scalable production of controllable dermal papilla spheroids on PVA surfaces and the effects of spheroid size on hair follicle regeneration
Authors: Yi-Ching Huang, Chih-Chieh Chan, Wei-Ting Lin, Hsien-Yi Chiu, Ren-Yeu Tsai, Tsung-Hua Tsai, Jung-Yi Chan, Sung-Jan Lin
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
GAMMA GLOBULINS IN GERM-FREE RATS
Authors: Bengt E. Gustafsson, Carl-Bertil Laurell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The electrophoretic fractions of serum proteins were studied up to the 5th generation in a colony of germ-free rats. The germ-free animals had significantly lower concentrations of beta and the gamma globulins, while the other fractions were within normal limits. Assuming that the gamma globulins survive equally long in the circulation in germ-free animals as in controls, the production of gamma globulins in normal rats is three times as rapid as in germ-free rats. This suggests that the normal flora of microorganisms is an important stimulant for the gamma globulin-producing cells.
Amnesty criticises Algerian killings
Authors: P. Kandela
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The killing of inmates at Serkadji prison in Algeria last year has been criticised in a report from Amnesty International. Last February a disturbance took place at the prison that the government claimed was the result of an abortive escape attempt. During the disturbance at least 96 prisoners were killed, of whom 80 had been held on charges of terrorist acts. Amnesty says that it has evidence that shortly before the disturbance several high profile prisoners …
Low-Osmolar Contrast Agents-Reply
Authors: Harry W. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In response to Dr Gavant, universal change to low-osmolality agents is not justified to decrease nausea, vomiting, and flushing and warmth sensations and other minor reactions experienced by patients when intravenous contrast media are given, but I agree that the use of low-osmolality agents to lessen patients' intense pain and decrease patient motion during arteriography of the limbs and the external carotid circulation is justified. Also, I agree that the use of low-osmolality contrast media decreases undesired patient movement of extremities and the body and respiratory motion and involuntary coughing during intravenous digital subtraction angiography. In these angiographic examinations, the radiologist should decide if these improvements in radiography techniques justify the added expense. Concerning Dr Anthony's opinions of whether an open discussion of the use of low-osmolality contrast media produces undesired medicolegal results, I still prefer to have the choices discussed openly in the medical literature. As I