tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia
Authors: Domenico Corrado, Gaetano Thiene
Journal: Circulation (2006)

rrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/ dysplasia (ARVC/D) is an inherited heart muscle disease that predominantly affects the right ventricle (RV).It is characterized pathologically by RV myocardial atrophy with fibrofatty replacement and clinically by ventricular electric instability with ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation that may lead to sudden death, primarily in young people and athletes. 1Later in the disease evolution, progression of RV muscle disease and left ventricular involvement may result in heart failure. 2 The condition was initially believed to be a developmental defect of the RV myocardium, leading to the original designation of "dysplasia."This concept has evolved over the last 25 years into the current perspective of a genetically determined "cardiomyopathy." 3 Clinical diagnosis of ARVC/D is often difficult because of the nonspecific nature of disease features and the broad spectrum of phenotypic manifestations.The advent of the molecular genetic era has provided new insights in understanding the pathophysiology of ARVC/D, showing that it is a desmosomal disease resulting from defective cell adhesion proteins such as plakoglobin, desmoplakin, plakophilin-2, and desmoglein-2. 4 -7 The availability of molecular testing for mutation screening of disease genes offers the possibility to identify genetically affected individuals.Potential clinical impact of genotype determination includes diagnosis (family screening and preclinical diagnosis); prediction of clinical phenotype (penetrance, gene-specific clinical manifestations); risk stratification (assessment of malignant versus benign mutations); clinical and genetic counseling (restriction of physical activity, family planning); and therapy (prevention of sudden death by implantable cardioverter/defibrillator [ICD]).
Polymyalgia rheumatica: a biopsy and follow-up study.
Authors: F M Andrews
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1965)

Westergren's technique-of up to 100 mm. in the first hour during the acute phase.All five improved considerably during the 2 years after the onset.Meulengracht (1945) and Meulengracht and Schwartz (1952) described 22 patients with "peri- arthrosis humeroscapularis", who had similar symp- toms and a similar benign outcome, as did the thirteen very similar patients described by Kersley (1951) under the purely descriptive title of "a myalgic syndrome of the elderly with systemic reaction".Kersley's patients responded well to cortisone or to corticotrophin.The name "anarthritic rheumatoid disease" was applied by Bagratuni (1953Bagratuni ( , 1963) ) to a group of patients who shared the clinical features described above, but in some instances had in addition headaches, gastro-intestinal symptoms, and transient abnormalities of the chest radiographs.The term "polymyalgia rheumatica" was suggested by Barber (1957) when he described twelve more cases, and this was adopted by Gordon (1960) in his classical paper.The report of Alestig and Barr (1963) entitled "Giant-cell Arteritis, a Biopsy Study of Polymyalgia Rheumatica including a Case of Takayasu's Disease" is important for its suggestion of a specific pathological lesion in polymyalgia TABLE I
Abstract 3069: One-step sensitive PNA mediated real-time PCR clamping assay to detect PIK3CA mutations
Authors: Hyunsun Kim, Jae-Jin Choi, Heekyung Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) are important regulators of cellular growth, transformation, adhesion, apoptosis, survival and motility. Mutations in the PIK3CA oncogene encoding PI3K have been frequently found in various human cancers. The presence of PIK3CA mutations in a tumor has been suggested as a prognostic factor and may predict responses to select treatments. Therefore, detection of PIK3CA mutations may help predict drug responses and prognosis of cancer patients. We have developed a highly sensitive and simple method to detect 11 mutations in exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA using one-step PNA-mediated real-time PCR clamping, PNAClampTM. PNAClampTM relies on unique properties of PNA probes that PNA oligomers are not recognized by DNA serving as sequence-selective clamps during PCR amplification. This method can also detect 11 mutations through only three tube reactions each with 10 ng of the target DNA. PNAClampTM is simple and reliable with a detection limit of approximately 0.1% mutant alleles using 10 to 50 ng of normal DNA as a template. The turnaround time for performing this assay was only 2 hours. In clinical studies with breast cancer patients in Korea, PIK3CA mutations were detected utilizing PNAClampTM in 12 (35.3%) of clinical samples, and the results were compared with direct sequencing method. Among 34 patients, 1 (2.94%) had mutations in codon 542, 6 (17.65%) had mutations in codon 545 and 5 (14.71%) had mutations in codon 1047. The results will be discussed in detail in this report including the method development and optimization. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3069. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3069
Trends in air quality in the UK
Authors: J. G. AYRES
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Ayres JG. Trends in air quality in the UK. Many problems are encountered when assessing trends in air quality, including changes in methods of measuring pollutants over time, different sampling timeframes, and the number and distribution of monitoring sites. Nevertheless, reasonable projections have been established for trends in sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone levels in the UK, which allow some estimate of future levels. The major source of SO 1 is coal‐fired power stations. Since the Clean Air Act of 1956, SO 2 levels have decreased substantially. Nevertheless, a small but progressive increase in SO 2 emissions is predicted over the next 15 years, but this is unlikely to exceed current UK air quality standards on a frequent basis. Particulate pollution (as black smoke) has also decreased dramatically since the 1960s, when the main source was fossil fuel burning. In the 1990s, the main source of particle emissions is from heavy goods vehicles. If measures currently under consideration in the UK are implemented, annual emissions may decrease to below 60 kT over the next decade, but a progressive increase is predicted thereafter. No significant changes have occurred with respect to oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and ozone levels over the last 20 years. It is predicted that NOx emissions will decline in the future due in part to the introduction of catalytic converters, while trends in ozone levels will depend on substrate supply (NOx and hydrocarbons) and weather conditions. Despite short‐term trends downwards in air pollutant levels, trends may reverse in the next millennium, and continued efforts must be made to develop new ways of reducing ambient air pollutant levels.
Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of cutaneous skin test reactions to predict hay fever and asthma symptoms in the Normative Aging Study
Authors: J. M. Weintraub, D. Sparrow, S. T. Weiss
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine optimal cutoff values and to evaluate the ability of ragweed, mixed grasses, mixed trees, and house‐dust antigens to predict symptoms of hay fever and asthma. Methods: Between 1984 and 1993, 1386 members of the Normative Aging Study cohort had at least one examination that included evaluation of cutaneous hypersensitivity to common aeroallergens by skin prick testing. Standard questionnaires based on the American Thoracic Society DLD‐78 questionnaire obtained information on respiratory symptoms, illness, and smoking habits. Results: Ragweed was the best univariate predictor for both hay fever and asthma symptoms: the area under the ROC curve for hay fever was 0.71 (95% CI 0.67–0.74); for asthma, it was 0.65 (95% CI 0.55–0.75). For hay fever, dichotomizing the average reaction to four antigens at 2 mm gave a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 83%; at 3 mm, the sensitivity was 38% and specificity 92%. For asthma, dichotomizing the skin test reaction at 2 mm gave a sensitivity ranging from 30% for reaction to mixed grasses to 56% for the ragweed antigen reaction. Conclusions: Although in this older population skin test reactivities did not predict current asthma symptoms with high sensitivity, our results support the use of cutoff values of 2 or 3 mm as commonly used in studies of hay fever symptoms.
Primary Care Within the Academic Tradition
Authors: John F. Burnum
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In the rush to train primary-care physicians, the bioscience tradition must remain inviolate. At the same time, however, academic medicine should recognize that the actual practice of medicine has a special content and operational philosophy that is indispensable for patient care and in which, therefore,<i>every</i>student should be versed. (<i>JAMA</i>233:974-975, 1975)
Mammography After Augmentation Mammoplasty
Authors: A. Jill Leibman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The article by Handel et al 1 describes well some of the factors influencing the amount of breast tissue seen on mammography after augmentation mammoplasty.  As an experienced mammographer in a practice that sees approximately 200 implant patients yearly, I would like to elaborate on several points mentioned in this article. Displacement (or Eklund view) mammography is used to image the deeper central portions of the breast and is often complementary to the routine views that image the posterior and more lateral areas of the breast, areas not seen well on displacement views. Therefore, the amount of additional tissue imaged on the displacement views cannot be regarded in a vacuum. Both views are necessary to image the most tissue in the augmented breast. The mammograms shown in Fig 2 of the paper with the implant in place (especially the one with severe contracture) are of poor technical
Science commentary: Vaginal viricides—another way to tackle HIV transmission
Authors: Abi Berger
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Apart from persuading men to use condoms, women may also be able to protect themselves from contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases by using vaginal viricides. In countries where HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases are prevalent but women want to become pregnant, viricides would offer a distinct advantage over condoms because they offer protection against diseases but still allow conception.

Viricides come as gels, creams, films, and foams, and two of the more promising viricidal compounds being tested are dextrin sulphate and nonoxinol 9. Dextrin sulphate stops HIV entering and infecting target cells by coating them. Nonoxinol 9 is the active ingredient in most spermicides and kills the virus by destroying its fatty outer coat. A third viricidal agent being tested is PRO 2000, which is a derivative of sulphonic acid. PRO 2000 blocks gp120 (one of the HIV viral envelope proteins), which stops the virus binding to CD4 receptors on target lympho- cytes.

In 1996 British women who were not sexually active and were at low risk of HIV infection took part in a safety trial of nonoxinol 9, administered in the form of a gel. At the dose used—the standard spermicidal dose—the researchers discovered that it could cause irritation and inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. This would obviously increase the risk of pathogens invading the genital tract. A Belgian study and a study of Kenyan prostitutes which used lower doses of nonoxinol 9 found minimal destruction of epithelial cells. On the basis of these trials, an efficacy trial is now under way in Africa and Thailand using nonoxinol 9 at the lower dose. The main outcome measure will be the transmission of HIV from men to women.

Both dextrin sulphate and PRO 2000 have proved safe and acceptable in studies of healthy women, and they are being tested further in placebo controlled trials in sexually active women at low risk of HIV infection. If both the women and their partners can tolerate these substances, researchers plan to carry out efficacy trials in Uganda and the Ivory Coast.
The mechanisms of nitroglycerin action: stenosis vasodilatation as a major component of the drug response.
Authors: B G Brown, E Bolson, R B Petersen, C D Pierce, H T Dodge
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The effect of sublingual or intracoronary nitroglycerin (NTG) on luminal caliber in normal and diseased portions of epicardial coronary arteries was determined in 85 lesions from 57 typical patients with ischemic heart disease. Measurements were made from coronary angiograms, using a computer-assisted method and a carefully blinded protocol for analysis of the pre- and post- NTG angiograms. Luminal area in the "normal" portion of the diseased segment and at its maximum constriction and an estimate of flow resistance in the stenosis were computed. Luminal area increased 1.27 mm2 (p less than 0.001) in the "normal" regions, an average increase of 18% over the control area. Dilation with NTG depended strongly on vessel size; area increased 35% in normal vessels of 1.6-2.3 mm luminal diameter and only 9% in vessels 4.0-5.0 mm in diameter. Lesions were grouped into four levels of severity by percent stenosis. Minimum luminal area increased 0.35 mm2 (p less than 0.01) at the narrowest point in moderate lesions, a 22% area increase, and 0.14 mm2 (p less than 0.001) in severe lesions, a 36% area increase. Stenosis dilation resulted in an average 25% reduction (p less than 0.01) in estimated stenosis flow resistance in moderate lesions and a 38% reduction (p less than 0.001) in severe lesions. A statistically significant resistance reduction of greater than 20% occurred in 15 to 20 severe stenoses; only two of 20 showed no measurable dilation. We reviewed recent literature on hemodynamic responses to NTG and determined that changes of this magnitude are among the largest reported. We conclude that vasodilation of epicardial coronary stenosis is usually a major component of the beneficial response to NTG. We support that conclusion by demonstrating a striking improvement in ischemic left ventricular compliance abnormalities after low-dose intracoronary NTG.
Former paediatrician thought he was "bomb proof" against sex charges, court hears
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A former consultant paediatrician raped and indecently assaulted girls in the 1970s and 1980s, in the belief that he was “bomb proof” because no one would believe the alleged victims, a jury heard at the opening of his trial at Reading Crown Court for historical sex offences.

Michael Salmon, 79, is charged with drugging and gang raping a girl aged between 12 and 14, with two other men, and raping a 16 year old girl after carrying out a procedure that he claimed was an abortion. In all, he faces three counts of rape, 11 of indecent …
Dendritic cells mediate the induction of polyfunctional human IL17-producing cells (Th17-1 cells) enriched in the bone marrow of patients with myeloma
Authors: Kavita M. Dhodapkar, Scott Barbuto, Phillip Matthews, Anjli Kukreja, Amitabha Mazumder, David Vesole, Sundar Jagannath, Madhav V. Dhodapkar
Journal: Blood (2008)
Heart Size of Adults in a Natural Population-Tecumseh, Michigan
Authors: ALBERT OBERMAN, ALLEN R. MYERS, THOMAS M. KARUNAS, FREDERICK H. EPSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Roentgenological determinations of the transverse diameter and cardiothoracic ratio in 3,985 subjects aged 20 years or more, from Tecumseh, Michigan, represent the first report on the measurement of heart size in a total community. The influence of cardiovasular abnormality, height, and weight on heart diameter and cardiothoracic ratio is determined across all age and sex divisions for the entire adult population. A consistent hierarchy of heart diameter, independent of age, height, and weight, has been demonstrated so that the diameter of the hearts of abnormal males &gt; normal males &gt; abnormal females &gt; normal females. Heart diameter, especially in the males, distinguishes the abnormal segment of the population more effectively than the cardiothoracic ratio, but an age and sex-specific cardiothoracic ratio may be the most valuable in the clinical situation. Both measurements relate directly to age, sex, and weight, but the relation to height is dependent on weight. Study of heart size in a general population reveals that measurements as simple as heart diameter and cardiothoracic ratio may be effectively applied to clinical and epidemiological cardiovascular evaluations.
Effects of coronary artery reperfusion on relation between creatine kinase-MB release and infarct size estimated by myocardial emission tomography with thallium-201 in man
Authors: Shunichi Tamaki, Tomoyuki Murakami, Kazunori Kadota, Hirofumi Kambara, Yoshiki Yui, Hisayoshi Nakajima, Yukisono Suzuki, Ryuji Nohara, Yoshiki Takatsu, Chuichi Kawai, Nagara Tamaki, Takao Mukai, Kanji Torizuka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1983)
The Automatic Rhythm of the Heart
Authors: A. M. Gossage
Journal: BMJ (1907)

HEART. [Dxc.28, i9.tubercle bacillus which is best described by the old- fashioned phrase " the tendency to consumption."In what way and to what extent this blood defect may be salutary as Tegards tuberculous lung diaase, we can only conjeture.My own idea is that it may be by Inducing an air.hunger, and so stimulating lung function and nutrition.Anyhow, when we reflect that the quality of the blood is quite good, we can understand that treatment to imprMove the health generally rather than the blood specially is what is required.
Listening to speech in the dark
Authors: Robert E. Remez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

This commentary questions the proposed resemblance between the auditory mechanisms of localization and those of the sensory registration of speech sounds. Comparative evidence, which would show that the neurophysiology of localization is adequate to the task of categorizing consonants, does not exist. In addition, Sussman et al. do not offer sensory or perceptual evidence to confirm the presence in humans of processes promoting phoneme categorization that are analogous to the neurophysiology of localization. Furthermore, the computational simulation of the linear model of second formant variation is not a plausible sensory mechanism for perceiving speech sounds.
Thyroid Neoplasia in Marshall Islanders Exposed to Nuclear Fallout
Authors: Thomas E. Hamilton
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We studied the risk of thyroid neoplasia in Marshall Islanders exposed to radioiodines in nuclear fallout from the 1954 BRAVO thermonuclear test. We screened 7266 Marshall Islanders for thyroid nodules; the islanders were from 14 atolls, including several southern atolls, which were the source of the best available unexposed comparison group. Using a retrospective cohort design, we determined the prevalence of thyroid nodularity in a subgroup of 2273 persons who were alive in 1954 and who therefore were potentially exposed to fallout from the BRAVO test. For those 12 atolls previously thought to be unexposed to fallout, the prevalence of thyroid nodules ranged from 0.9% to 10.6%. Using the distance of each atoll from the test site as a proxy for the radiation dose to the thyroid gland, a weighted linear regression showed an inverse linear relationship between distance and the age-adjusted prevalence of thyroid nodules. Distance was the strongest single predictor in logistic regression analysis. A new absolute risk estimate was calculated to be 1100 excess cases/Gy/y/1 × 10<sup>6</sup>persons (11.0 excess cases/rad/y/1 million persons), 33% higher than previous estimates. We conclude that an excess of thyroid nodules was not limited only to the two northern atolls but extended throughout the northern atolls; this suggests a linear dose-response relationship. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:629-636)
Down's Syndrome
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1968)

When David was one day old, his mother, who had noticed his jaundice, jokingly asked her doctor if the baby showed mongoloid characteristics. To her dismay, the doctor said he seemed to but further tests were advisable. These, including chromosome studies, confirmed the diagnosis of Down's syndrome. As might be expected, David's parents were shocked and depressed. Sympathetic doctors and nurses and the parents' own religious beliefs helped them to accept David and the opportunity to aid in his happy development. This small book is the story of David and his parents during the child's first five years. The father, a professional photographer, recorded David's growth in a series of excellent pictures. Most of these show a smiling, playful, lovable child, but a few show his occasional stubborn refusal to cooperate. The mother supplied the text, writing clearly and honestly of her experiences, her problems, her good and bad feelings.
237 SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE (SVR) ACCORDING THE TYPE OF EARLY VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE (EVR) AND OTHER PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN MONOINFECTED HCV AND COINFECTED HCV/HIV GENOTYPE 1 PATIENTS
Authors: P.R.L.d. Almeida, A.A.D. Mattos, C.V. Tovo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Understanding the jargon: a glossary of terms used (and misused) in the study of ischaemia and reperfusion
Authors: R. A Kloner, K. Przyklenk
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Understanding the jargon: a glossary of terms used (and misused) in the study of ischaemia and reperfusion Get access Robert A Kloner, Robert A Kloner Heart Institute Research Department, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, University of Southern California, 616 South Witmer, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA: R A Kloner, K Przyklenk. Correspondence to Dr Kloner. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karin Przyklenk Karin Przyklenk Heart Institute Research Department, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, University of Southern California, 616 South Witmer, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA: R A Kloner, K Przyklenk. Correspondence to Dr Kloner. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 2, February 1993, Pages 162–166, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.2.162 Published: 01 February 1993 Article history Received: 05 June 1992 Accepted: 18 August 1992 Published: 01 February 1993
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus
Authors: C.S. Sander, I. Ali, D. Dean, J.J. Thiele, F. Wojnarowska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus Get access C.S. Sander, C.S. Sander Dermatology Department, The Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.KDepartment of Dermatology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Ali, I. Ali Dermatology Department, The Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Dean, D. Dean Dermatology Department, The Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J. Thiele, J.J. Thiele Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Wojnarowska F. Wojnarowska Dermatology Department, The Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K Fenella Wojnarowska. E‐mail: fenella.wojnarowska@orh.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 3, 1 September 2004, Pages 627–635, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06142.x Published: 01 September 2004 Article history Accepted: 05 March 2004 Published: 01 September 2004