tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PROFESSOR IVAN P. PAWLOW STILL ALIVE
Authors: F. G. Benedict
Journal: JAMA (1921)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, September 3, there is a paragraph in the letter from your regular correspondent at Budapest, dated July 12, 1921, to which you have given the caption "The Fate of Pawlow." Whatever items under this heading may be correct, the statement regarding his death is wrong. Your Budapest correspondent states that he died in January, 1921. I have, in his own handwriting, a letter from Professor Pawlow dated April 28, 1921, and I have a letter from our mutual friend, Prof. Robert Tigerstedt of Helsingfors, dated July 14, 1921. Certainly on the last date Professor Pawlow was still living. The pernicious activities of Bolshevik sympathizers, even in so-called "collegiate circles" in America, chiefly persons of Russian descent, make a detailed statement of conditions unwise, as all information is immediately sent bark to Russia, with possible inconvenience to the parties under discussion. As the life work
Use of ratings of perceived exertion for predicting maximal work rate and prescribing exercise intensity in patients taking atenolol.
Authors: R G Eston, M Thompson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Borg's rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale to predict maximal exercise levels to control exercise intensity in patients taking atenolol for the treatment of essential hypertension. Normally, a standard formula (220-age) is used for calculating a percentage of exercise intensity, but beta blockade can cause reductions in maximal heart rate of between 20 and 30%.Patients were split into a control group-10 men and 10 women, aged 50 (SD 12) and 46 (9) respectively, who had risk factors for cardiovascular disease but were not taking any drugs, and a treatment group-11 men and 11 women, aged 53 (13) and 55 (13) respectively, who were established on 25-100 mg of atenolol. All patients performed two submaximal tests on a cycle ergometer. Test 1 was an estimation test, during which the RPE was reported for each increment in work rate. Test 2 was an RPE production test, during which the patient regulated the work rate according to his/her perception of effort at four predetermined points on the RPE scale (RPE 9, 13, 15, 17).In both tests the individual correlations (r) between RPE, heart rate, and work rate ranged from 0.96 to 0.99. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in maximal heart rate and maximal power output for the control group when predicted from the regression lines of RPE versus heart rate and RPE versus power output in the estimation test. However, the prediction of maximal power output was lower in the women in the control group and patients in the treatment group when this was predicted from the effort production protocol (P < 0.01). When exercise intensity at each RPE was expressed relative to maximal power output there were no differences between treatment and control groups.The findings from this study confirmed the strong positive relation between RPE, heart rate, and work rate in these patients in both passive effort estimation and active effort production protocols. However, caution in applying these procedures is required because the prediction of maximal exercise levels may be lower when effort production procedures are used.
Presence of Particles other than the Australia-SH Antigen in a Case of Chronic Active Hepatitis with Cirrhosis
Authors: A. J. Zuckerman, P. E. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Examination of serum specimens from a patient with chronic active hepatitis proved negative to the Australia-SH antigen by immunodiffusion and by complement fixation. Because the sera were anticomplementary they were examined with the electron microscope, and virus-like structures similar to members of the coronavirus group were identified. The possible significance of this finding in human serum and its relation to mouse hepatitis virus are discussed. A sample of the serum pool containing the MS-1 agent was found negative when examined by immunodiffusion, complement fixation, and electron microscopy. The possible lack of immunological identity between infectious and serum hepatitis is discussed.
Experimental arthritis in rats induced by intra-articular injection of IgE aggregates: evidence for arthritogenic role of complexed IgE.
Authors: L.S de Clerck, N.J Struyf, C.H Bridts, E.A van Marck, F.C Breedveld, E Devries, H Bazin, W.J Stevens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

An experimental arthritis model in the rat was used to study the arthritogenic potential of complexed IgE. IgE aggregates were produced in vitro by cross linking monoclonal rat IgE by dimethyl suberimidate and were injected into the knee joints. Animals which had not been injected and animals injected with phosphate buffered saline served as controls. The concentration of histamine in tissues, diffusion into the joint of bovine serum albumin labelled with iodine-125 injected intravenously, and the histology of the joints were studied. There was a significant decrease in the concentration of histamine in synovial tissue 8 and 24 hours after the injection of the IgE aggregates. A decreased number of stainable mast cells were found 8, 24, and 48 hours after exposure. A moderate hyperplasia of the synovial lining layer was also noted. These results provide further evidence for the arthritogenic potential of complexed IgE, especially in the initiation of arthritis through activation of mast cells.
Association of Inpatient vs Outpatient Onset of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Treatment and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Prashant Kaul, Jerome J. Federspiel, Xuming Dai, Sally C. Stearns, Sidney C. Smith, Michael Yeung, Hadi Beyhaghi, Lei Zhou, George A. Stouffer
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Reperfusion times for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurring in outpatients have improved significantly, but quality improvement efforts have largely ignored STEMI occurring in hospitalized patients (inpatient-onset STEMI).To define the incidence and variables associated with treatment and outcomes of patients who develop STEMI during hospitalization for conditions other than acute coronary syndromes (ACS).Retrospective observational analysis of STEMIs occurring between 2008 and 2011 as identified in the California State Inpatient Database.STEMIs were classified as inpatient onset or outpatient onset based on present-on-admission codes. Patients who had a STEMI after being hospitalized for ACS were excluded from the analysis.Regression models were used to evaluate associations among location of onset of STEMI, resource utilization, and outcomes. Adjustments were made for patient age, sex, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. The analysis allowed for the location of inpatient STEMI to have a multiplicative rather than an additive effect for resource utilization since these measures were highly skewed.A total of 62,021 STEMIs were identified in 303 hospitals, of which 3068 (4.9%) occurred in patients hospitalized for non-ACS indications. Patients with inpatient-onset STEMI were older (mean, 71.5 [SD, 13.5] years vs 64.9 [SD, 14.1] years; P < .001) and more frequently female (47.4% vs 32%; P < .001) than those with outpatient-onset STEMI. Patients with inpatient-onset STEMI had higher in-hospital mortality (33.6% vs 9.2%; adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 3.05; 95% CI, 2.76-3.38; P < .001), were less likely to be discharged home (33.7% vs 69.4%; AOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.34-0.42; P < .001), and were less likely to undergo cardiac catheterization (33.8% vs 77.8%; AOR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.16-0.21; P < .001) or percutaneous coronary intervention (21.6% vs 65%; AOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.21-0.26; P < .001). Length of stay and inpatient charges were higher for inpatient-onset STEMI (mean length of stay, 13.4 days [95% CI, 12.8-14.0 days] vs 4.7 days [95% CI, 4.6-4.8 days]; adjusted multiplicative effect, 2.51; 95% CI, 2.35-2.69; P < .001; mean inpatient charges, $245,000 [95% CI, $235,300-$254,800] vs $129,000 [95% CI, $127,900-$130,100]; adjusted multiplicative effect, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.93-2.28; P < .001).Patients who had a STEMI while hospitalized for a non-ACS condition, compared with those with onset of STEMI as an outpatient, were less likely to undergo invasive testing or intervention and had a higher in-hospital mortality rate.
Alopecia and cytotoxic drugs.
Authors: W. Calvert
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Alopecia and Cytotoxic Drugs SIR,--It has been my practice for a number of years to treat inoperable ovarian carcinoma with thiotepa (triethylene thiophosphoramide).I introduce 45 mg. in saline into the peritoneal cavity at the time of operation and subsequently give 300 mg. in divided doses intramuscularly, checking on the white cell count before each dose.Apart from leucopenia, I have never heard of any untoward side-effects until recently, although several patients have declared that the therapy made them feel extremely ill.My most recent case, however, has lost a good deal of hair.Alopecia as the result of treatment with Endoxana (cyclophosphamide) is well known, of course, but I have not met it before with thiotepa.I would be inter- ested to know if any of your readers have met this complication and whether it is something we must expect occasionally.-Iam, etc., Manchester 3.
Maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine.
Authors: W L Burland, B Hawkins, R J Horton
Journal: BMJ (1978)

and will be fewer in number than those at present receiving limited-period oxygen.We would take issue with the conclusions of Dr Jones and his colleagues.Current domiciliary oxygen supply is costly, inefficient, and uses outdated equipment.Changes will have to be made, but only on the basis of a clearer knowledge of the type of patient likely to benefit, the duration and quantity of daily therapy required for clinical benefit, and a thorough evaluation of new techniques of delivery, "G" size cylinders, oxygen concentrators, or portable liquid oxygen systems.
Abstract 3633: Flow-induced Dilation is Mediated by Akt-dependent Activation of eNOS-derived H2O2 in Mouse Cerebral Arteries
Authors: Annick Drouin, Eric Thorin
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction . Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces superoxide leading to H 2 O 2 -dependent dilations to acetylcholine (ACh) in isolated mouse cerebral and human coronary arteries. Akt increases eNOS activity responsible for flow-mediated dilation (FMD). It is unknown, however, if endogenous H 2 O 2 mediates FMD. Hypothesis . Akt-dependent activation of eNOS leads to the production of functionally relevant levels of H 2 O 2 responsible for FMD. Methods . Cerebral arteries (100 to 150 μm in diameter) were isolated from 12±2 week-old C57Bl/6 male mice. FMD (0 to 10 μl/min, 2-mu;l step-increase at constant internal pressure of 60 mm Hg; shear stress = 0 to 50 dyn/cm 2 ) were induced in vessels pre-constricted with phenylephrine (30 μM) at a pO 2 value of 150 mm Hg using a gas mixture of 12% O 2 , 5% CO 2 , 83% N 2 . Simultaneously to diameter acquisition, H 2 O 2 or NO production was detected by the fluorescent dyes CMH 2 CFDA or DAF-2, respectively. Results are expressed as mean±SEM of n = 6 to 8 mice per experiment. Results . FMD (at 10 μl/min, 25±3% of maximal diameter) were reduced (P&lt;0.05) by endothelial removal (6±1%) or eNOS inhibition with N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 11±1%), but not by the specific NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl3-oxide (PTIO; 24±3%). Likewise, FMD was not associated with a rise in NO-associated fluorescence, while addition of PEG-catalase and silver diethyldithio-carbamate (DETC; superoxide dismutase inhibitor) reduced (P&lt;0.05) FMD to 10±2% and 15±1%, respectively, suggestive of the implication of H 2 O 2 in FMD. Accordingly, a rise in H 2 O 2 -associated fluorescence (+133±19 a.u.) was observed simultaneously to FMD, and was reduced by L-NNA, PEG-catalase and DETC (+55±10, +64±4 and +50±10 a.u., respectively; P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, specific inhibition of Akt by triciribine (1 μM) prevented FMD together with H 2 O 2 -associated rise in fluorescence (3±1% and +23±4 a.u., respectively, P&lt;0.05). Triciribine, however, neither limited ACh-induced dilation nor the rise in H 2 O 2 -associated fluorescence. Conclusion . In C57Bl/6 mouse cerebral arteries, Akt-dependent activation of eNOS-derived H 2 O 2 accounts for flow-mediated dilation. This suggests a physiological role for eNOS-derived free radicals.
Remarks on Dr. Beale's Clinical Lectures, Counterirritation versus Renewal of Life
Authors: T. K. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (1863)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Remarks on Dr. Beale's Clinical Lectures, Counterirritation versus Renewal of Life Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
LONG-TERM PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY FOR PREDICTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND MORTALITY
Authors: Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Edward Hulten, Brian Ghoshhajra, Daniel O'Leary, Mitalee Patil, Quynh Truong, Michael L. Steigner, Khurram Nasir, Wafa Osmani, Jon Hainer, Josh Klein, Frank Rybicki, Tom Brady, Marcelo Di Carli, Udo Hoffmann, Suhny Abbara, Ron Blankstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Priming of Eosinophil by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Upregulation of CD11b/CD18 is Mediated by Phosphorylated L-Plastin
Authors: K. Pazdrak, T.W. Young, C. Straub, S. Stafford, A. Kurosky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Abstract P5-09-01: Improving Informed Consent: Evaluating the First Decision Aid in a Clinical Trial Setting (IBIS-II Breast Cancer Prevention Trial)
Authors: I Juraskova, P Butow, B Smith, M Seccombe, A Coates, F Boyle, N McCarthy, L Reaby, JF. Forbes
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Recruitment to clinical trials is generally suboptimal, with both patients/consumers and clinicians reporting difficulties with the consent process. Decision Aids (DAs) are designed to facilitate doctor-patient communication and participation in decision-making, and may improve the consent process by ensuring patients/consumers make decisions that are informed and acted upon. While participant information sheets (PIS) provide information about the specific clinical trial, DAs present evidence-based information about all available management options (not just the clinical trial), including risks and benefits of each option. They also present both written and graphical forms of the information to enhance understanding, and explicit value clarification exercises to facilitate value-sensitive decisions. In screening and treatment settings, DAs have been found to reduce decisional conflict, improve patient knowledge, create more realistic expectations, and promote active decision-making without increasing anxiety. This RCT aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a DA for women at increased risk of breast cancer who are considering participation in the IBIS-II Prevention trial. Methods: Women eligible for IBIS-II, who had not decided about participation, were invited to take part in the DA study. Participants from 12 Australian and New Zealand IBIS-II centres were randomised to receive either the standard IBIS-II information and consent materials alone (Control group, n=89), or in combination with a DA booklet (DA group, n=89). Participants completed standardised and purpose-designedmeasures 1 week and 3 months after deciding whether or not to participate in IBIS-II. Results: In the Prevention arm, the majority of women (84%) reported the DA made it easier to understand IBIS-II compared to reading the PIS alone, and 89% recommended providing both the DA and PIS to potential IBIS-II participants. No group differences were detected in levels of decisional conflict or knowledge of IBIS-II/clinical trials in general, due to floor and ceiling effects respectively. Similarly, no group differences were found in levels of decisional regret and satisfaction at 3-month follow-up. Discussion: This is the first study to assess the effectiveness of DAs in a clinical trial setting. The use of DAs has been strongly endorsed by participating women and clinicians. Challenges of evaluating DAs in a Prevention breast cancer trial setting will be discussed. An RCT of a DA for the DCIS arm of IBIS-II is currently underway. The DAs have the potential to enhance the process of informed consent and reduce dropout rates in clinical trials. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-09-01.
Drug company sponsorship of education could be replaced at a fraction of its cost
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The head of the main medical education accrediting body in the United States says that many commercially sponsored educational events could be run at a fraction of their cost, without unnecessary extras such as expensive lunches and entertainment.

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The quality of the meal is not critical to education, says US expert 

VICTOR WATTS/REX

The chief executive officer of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, Dr Murray Kopelow, said, “It's possible that a significant reduction in the amount spent on an educational event would not result in a significant loss in educational opportunity.”

More than half of the …

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Prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis B and C by screening for antibody to hepatitis C virus and antibody to HBcAg
Authors: Hau Tim Chung, Joseph Sai Kit Lee, Anna Suk Fong Lok
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Screening of blood donors by testing for antibody to HBcAg and antibody to hepatitis C virus is commonly done. However, the applicability of these screening tests may vary depending on the prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in various populations. We have therefore prospectively evaluated 158 adult patients who received blood or blood products during open-heart surgery in Hong Kong to compare the efficacy of various serological screening tests in the prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis. Serum from five (0.5%) donors was positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus by second-generation enzyme immunoassay; in two, optical-density readings in enzyme immunoassay were greater than 2.0, but only one was positive for hepatitis C virus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The latter donor was also positive for antibody to HBcAg and had elevated serum ALT activity. The recipient of a unit of this donor's blood was the only one in whom posttransfusion hepatitis C developed (0.1% per unit transfused). Screening with antibody to hepatitis C virus was more specific than that with antibody to HBcAg or ALT in excluding donors from transmitting hepatitis C (99.6%, 79.4% and 98.8%, respectively). Both the sensitivity and negative predictive value of screening for antibody to hepatitis C virus were 100%, but the positive predictive value was only 20%. Forty-five blood recipients were considered susceptible to hepatitis B virus infection because testing for hepatitis B serology in serum (HBsAg, antibody to HBsAg and antibody to HBcAg) was negative before being transfused. Asymptomatic hepatitis B seroconversion developed in three (6.7%) recipients (1.1% per unit transfused).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In search of equity
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

It’s almost 30 years since the Black report on inequalities in health in England and Wales, commissioned in 1977 by a Labour government but given a cold reception in 1980 by their Conservative successors. In contrast, we have good reason to hope that WHO will embrace Michael Marmot’s far more ambitious report, commissioned by its former director general, Lee Jong-wook, and delivered to his successor Margaret Chan in Geneva last week.

George Davey Smith has been critical in the past of such reports. His BMJ editorial, with colleagues, about the 1998 Acheson report on health inequalities was less than …
Abstract 915: Melanomas with rare BRAF mutations and their responses to MAPK pathway blocking drugs.
Authors: Mohammad S. Atefi, Charles P. Ng, Deborah J. Wong, Lidia Robert, Helena Escuin-Ordinas, Amanda Lassen, David Foulad, Begonya Comin-Anduix, Ahmad A. Samatar, Antoni Ribas
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The BRAF V600E driver mutation is found in more than 50% of melanomas. Less common BRAF mutations of V600K, V600R, L597S, and G466K have also been identified. In these rare BRAF mutants, the effects of vemurafenib (Vem) and other MAPK pathway inhibitors on signaling, growth rate and clinical course are not well understood. In cell lines with rare BRAF mutations, we investigated the effect of Vem, inhibitors of Pan-RAF (Amgen 2112819), MEK (trametinib), ERK (MERK SCH772984), Pan-RAFi+ MEKi and ERKi+Vem on growth and signaling. These results were compared to the clinical responses to BRAF and MEK inhibitors in patients with the original tumors. Regardless of the mutation, no paradoxical activation of MAPK pathway by Vem was observed and the Pan-Rafi decreased levels of pMEK in all the cell lines. A heterozygous V600K mutated cell line was sensitive to Vem and more sensitive to the other drugs. Clinically, the duration of response to Vem in the patient the cell line was derived from was 7 months, and an additional 3 months to the combination of Vem and MEKi upon progression on Vem. In contrast, a homozygous V600K mutated cell line was resistant to Vem but sensitive to other MAPK inhibitors. The patient the cell line was derived from had a 5 month response to Vem followed by a 2 month response to the addition of a MEKi. BRAF L597S cell line was only sensitive to ERKi and G466K and V600R mutated cell lines were resistant to all the drugs. In general, Vem was the least effective followed by Pan-RAFi with ERKi stronger than both in most cell lines. The combination of Vem and ERKi showed similar or slightly higher growth inhibition than ERKi alone. In conclusion, MAPK inhibitors are not as effective in melanoma cell lines with rare BRAF mutations. However, more growth inhibition can be achieved by MEKi-Pan-RAFi combination. These in vitro data seem to be correlated with the clinical outcomes. *Charles Ng, equal contribution Citation Format: Mohammad S. Atefi, Charles P. Ng, Deborah J. Wong, Lidia Robert, Helena Escuin-Ordinas, Amanda Lassen, David Foulad, Begonya Comin-Anduix, Ahmad A. Samatar, Antoni Ribas. Melanomas with rare BRAF mutations and their responses to MAPK pathway blocking drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 915. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-915
Ethics of Withdrawal of Life-Support Systems: Case Studies on Decision Making in Intensive Care
Authors: Bernard H. Adelson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In the preface to this treatise the author indicates that "it is designed so that it can be read, with some effort, by a person who is expert in neither medicine nor philosophy." It is a worthwhile expenditure of effort, for the text is a well-organized, thoughtful, and logical discussion of a difficult ethical issue frequently encountered by clinicians. The author is professor of philosophy at the University of Winnipeg, Canada, and is currently a Fellow of the Social Science and Humanities Research Council at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. He has written extensively on the subject of the biomedical issues of death and dying. He is well qualified to write this text. The reader with a minimal educational background in ethics and philosophy will benefit from a chapter that is devoted to a discussion of the ethical theories that are pertinent to the theme of the book. A