tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transfusing Yersinia enterocolitica.
Authors: M. Prentice
Journal: BMJ (1992)

for example, nasal swabs, ultrasonography, and diagnostic lavage.Others, more suitable for chronic cases, can realistically be undertaken only in a referral centre; these include smears, mucosal biopsy, estimation of the ciliary beat fre- quency, and sinoscopy.With the possible exception of endoscopy none of these techniques is totally reliable.45In
Depression and outcome in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: P H Silverstone
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Frequency, sequence, and side of ovulation in women menstruating normally Ovulation in the primate is usually regarded as a consistently alternating process that occurs with equal frequency in the right and left ovaries.We investigated whether ovulation in women occurs with equal frequency in each ovary, alternating consistently between the ovaries. Subjects, methods, and resultsSixteen women ovulating normally who were awaiting donor insemination participated in the study.Pelvic ultrasonography was performed with a real time sector scanner (Advanced Diagnostic Research 4000 S/L) at least once during each cycle as close as possible to the day when basal body temperature was lowest.Ovulation was confirmed by records of biphasic basal body temperature, mean duration ofluteal phase of 14 (SEM 2) days, and a mid-luteal plasma progesterone concentration -38-4 nmol/l (12 ngtml).Statistical analysis was based on the Bernolli distribution, assuming that in normal circumstances there is a 50% chance of ovulation occurring in either ovary.A total of 97 follicles was observed in 16 women during 90 cycles.In seven cycles (8%) two follicles were observed, always in the same ovary.Of the 97 follicles, 62 (64%) were detected in the right and 35 (36%) in the left ovary (p<0-01) (table).Alternation of side of ovulation in at least four consecutive Sequence and side ofovulation in 16 women menstruating normally No of cycles (No of women) 90(16) No of follicles* 97 Right ovary (%) 62 (64) Left ovary (%) 35 (36) Alternate ovulationst:No (%) of women 5 (31) No (%) ofcycles 22 (24) Unilateral ovulationst:No (%) of women 4 (25) No (%)of cycles 19 (21) *Difference between left and right: p<0 01.fObserved in at least four consecutive cycles.cycles was found in five women (31%) and in 22 (24%) cycles.In four women ovulation was consistently unilateral from the right ovary during four to six cycles.In cycles with ipsilateral ovulation the mean follicular phase length was 15-2 (0-3) days.When ovulation occurred in the ovary contralateral to that which ovulated in the previous cycle the mean follicular phase was 14-2 (0-3) days (p<005).
Phobia as a Determinant of Single-Room Occupancy
Authors: JOSHUA M. PERMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

A description has been presented of a casework study that was organized to determine whether single-room occupancy families could be successfully relocated. During the course of our endeavors, we observed an important determinant in these families—their social isolation and one of the many reasons for their clinging to a single room with its crowded existence. Recognition of their phobic organization of life and our understanding of phobias have enabled the program to proceed with success that was far beyond our initial expectation.
Hepatitis C from immunoglobin infusions.
Authors: P S Lehner, A D Webster
Journal: BMJ (1993)

view of the great variation in management,' the results of such a trial would help women with bleeding in early pregnancy, and their general practitioners, decide what is best.Women are dissatisfied with the care that they receive when they miscarry,4 and the lack of effective treatment for threatened miscarriage probably contributes to their dissatisfaction.Perhaps, it is the medicalisation of miscarriage-a sad but common physiological event-that has greatly contributed to women's dissatisfaction.If so, we as doctors have only ourselves to blame.
SURGICAL BACTERIOLOGY OF THE MOUTH.
Authors: A. H. LEVINGS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In this section, devoted as it is to stomatology, I think that we all must admit that the bacteriology of the mouth should play an important rôle. The subject is of importance to the physician because here we find local manifestations of many constitutional diseases, such as influenza, diphtheria, smallpox, varicella, measles, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, syphilis and scurvy, in some of which at least the specific micro-organisms may be found in the oral cavity. There are also a variety of pathologic processes which occur within the mouth or adjacent bones, many of which are due to pathogenic micro-organisms. Among these may be mentioned tuberculosis, actinomycosis, osteomyelitis, thrush, anthrax, erysipelas, ulcerative and gangrenous stomatitis, pyorrhea alveolaris. and caries of the teeth. To any one who is doing mechanical or surgical work within the mouth the subject is of interest because of the frequency and variety of germs encountered, and, as is
Lean body mass and non-rapid eye movement sleep.
Authors: C M Shapiro, J Catterall, P Warren, I Oswald, J Trinder, S Paxton, B W East
Journal: BMJ (1987)

supports the suggestion that puppies are a possible source of campylobacter infection in the 0-5 year age group.Young children have particularly close contact with pets and are therefore more susceptible to faecal-oral spread, and the association between puppies, young children, and diarrhoea is strengthened by the identification of campylobacter and diarrhoeal symptoms in some of the puppies.Although no young child came to any permanent physical harm, at least five were diagnosed as having the infection while in hospital; campylobacter might thus have been a factor contributing to admission.The symptoms of diarrhoea and abdominal pain may be very distressing to both the child and the parent.We suggest that parents should be made aware ofthis association and that if young children are in contact with puppies the need for hygienic precautions should be emphasised.
Abstract 222: Inhibition of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein and induction of death receptor 5 expression is a major component of δ-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Anying Zhang, Rony A. Francois, Pamela J. Hodul, Kazim Husain, Steven C. Shivers, Domenico Coppola, Said M. Sebti, Mokenge P. Malafa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Previous pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that δ-tocotrienol, is the most bioactive natural vitamin E compound against pancreatic cancer. δ-Tocotrienol induces growth arrest and apoptosis in several human pancreatic cancer cell lines; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways in δ-tocotrienol induced apoptosis and investigated the modulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and death receptor 5 (DR5) by δ-tocotrienol and the involvement of c-FLIP down-regulation and DR5 up-regulation in δ-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis. Methods: We examined δ-tocotrienol induced apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. We used western blot and immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of DR4, DR5, Caspase 8, Caspase 9, Caspase 3, C-FLIPs and PARP. The effect of combination treatment with TRAIL and δ-tocotrienol was also determined. We examined the cellular effects of DR5 knockdown using small interfering RNA oligonucleotides, and c-FLIP overexpression using cDNA, on δ-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis using various assays. Results: Delta-tocotrienol activated caspase-8 and its downstream caspases but not caspase-9, whereas caspase-8 specific inhibitor abrogated δ-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis indicating that δ-tocotrienol induces caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. c-FLIP was rapidly down-regulated by δ-tocotrienol in all of the tested cell lines. δ-Tocotrienol up-regulated DR4 and DR5 significantly and enhanced tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis. Enforced expression of ectopic c-FLIP, and DR5 knockdown partially abolished δ-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis. δ-Tocotrienol inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth in SCID mice was associated with significant induction of apoptosis, activation of caspase 8, and down-regulation of c-FLIP expression. Conclusion: We conclude that DR5 up-regulation and c-FLIP down-regulation contributes to δ-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 222.
Hemodynamic Exercise Testing
Authors: Don B. Chomsky, Chim C. Lang, Glenn H. Rayos, Yu Shyr, Tiong-Keat Yeoh, Richard N. Pierson, Stacy F. Davis, John R. Wilson
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Peak exercise oxygen consumption (Vo2), a noninvasive index of peak exercise cardiac output (CO), is widely used to select candidates for heart transplantation. However, peak exercise Vo2 can be influenced by noncardiac factors such as deconditioning, motivation, or body composition and may yield misleading prognostic information. Direct measurement of the CO response to exercise may avoid this problem and more accurately predict prognosis.Hemodynamic and ventilatory responses to maximal treadmill exercise were measured in 185 ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure who had been referred for cardiac transplantation (mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 22 +/- 7%; mean peak Vo2, 12.9 +/- 3.0 mL. min-1.kg-1). CO response to exercise was normal in 83 patients and reduced in 102. By univariate analysis, patients with normal CO responses had a better 1-year survival rate (95%) than did those with reduced CO responses (72%) (P < .0001). Survival in patients with peak Vo2 of > 14 mL.min-1.kg-1 (88%) was not different from that of patients with peak Vo2 of < or = 14 mL.min-1.kg-1 (79%) (P = NS). However, survival was worse in patients with peak Vo2 of < or = 10 mL.min-1.kg-1 (52%) versus those with peak Vo2 of > 10 mL.min-1.kg-1 (89%) (P < .0001). By Cox regression analysis, exercise CO response was the strongest independent predictor of survival (risk ratio, 4.3), with peak Vo2 dichotomized at 10 mL. min-1.kg-1 (risk ratio, 3.3) as the only other independent predictor. Patients with reduced CO responses and peak Vo2 of < or = 10 mL.min-1.kg-1 had an extremely poor 1-year survival rate (38%).Both CO response to exercise and peak exercise Vo2 provide valuable independent prognostic information in ambulatory patients with heart failure. These variables should be used in combination to select potential heart transplantation candidates.
Reducing Dynamic Foot Pressures in High-Risk Diabetic Subjects With Foot Ulcerations: A comparison of treatments
Authors: Lawrence A Lavery, Steven A Vela, David C Lavery, Terri L Quebedeaux
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of total contact casts, commercially available therapeutic shoes, and removable walking casts to reduce mean peak plantar foot pressures at the site of neuropathic ulcerations in diabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared the reduction in peak plantar pressures at ulcer sites under the great toe (n = 5), first metatarsal (n = 10), and second through fifth metatarsals (n = 10) using six treatments: total contact casts (TCCs), DH Pressure Relief Walkers (DH), Aircast Pneumatic Walkers, Three D Dura-Steppers (3D), CAM Walkers, and P.W. Minor Xtra Depth shoes. A rubber sole canvas oxford was used to establish baseline pressure values. The canvas oxford could be viewed as a worse-case scenario for this patient population. With the EMED Pedar in-shoe pressure measurement system, data for 40 steps were collected for each treatment. We used Tukey's Studentized Range Test for simultaneous multiple comparisons to compare treatments. RESULTS DH Pressure Relief Walkers reduced plantar pressures significantly better than other commercially available treatments for ulcers under the first metatarsal, second through fifth metatarsals, and great toe (P &amp;lt; 0.05). There was not a significant difference in mean peak plantar pressures between TCCs and DHs at any of the forefoot ulcer sites. CONCLUSIONS DH Pressure Relief Walkers were as effective as total contact casts to reduce foot pressures at ulcer sites and may be an effective practical addition in the treatment of foot ulcers.
Serratia Endocarditis in a Pediatric Burn Patient
Authors: Kenneth C. Hyams, Jon T. Mader, Richard B. Pollard, Donald H. Parks, Philip D. Thomson, James A. Reinarz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A 7-year-old girl sustained a 62% third-degree burn.<i>Serratia marcescens</i>bacteremia and endocarditis subsequently developed. This infection was refractory to standard single and combination antimicrobial therapy. Sterilization of her bloodstream, with resolution of her tricuspid vegetations was achieved with cefotaxime sodium (HR 756), a new third-generation cephalosporin that has excellent activity against<i>Serratia</i>sp. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:983-984)
Capsule Status 2004: What is the Outcome in Bleeding? Are There Really Additional Indications?
Authors: C. Ell, A. May
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Hardly any of the medical innovations seen in recent decades has given rise to so much interest and enthusiasm as the introduction of capsule endoscopy (CE). The method fulfilled every endoscopist’s dream of being able to examine endoscopically not only the stomach and colon, but the whole gastrointestinal tract. All previous attempts to achieve total enteroscopy using conventional endoscopes had to a greater or lesser extent failed.
823 HCV GENOTYPE 2 AND 3 RESPOND DIFFERENTLY TO ANTI HCV TREATMENT
Authors: M. Puoti, E. Minola, M.G. Antonini, C. Baiguera, D. Manno, O. Fracassetti, V. Ravasio, K. Prestini, L. Biasi, F. Suter, G. Carosi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Changes in drug treatment after discharge from hospital in geriatric patients.
Authors: R. A. Cochrane, A. R. Mandal, M. Ledger-Scott, R. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To ascertain changes in drug treatment of elderly patients after discharge from hospital and to identify areas of communication which may require improvement. DESIGN--Follow up of patients six to 14 days after discharge, when the drugs supplied by the hospital should have run out and a further supply obtained from the general practitioner. Patients were also asked about information supplied to them by health care professionals during their hospital stay. SUBJECTS--50 elderly patients discharged from five geriatric wards (mean age 76.9 years). SETTING--Sunderland District Health Authority. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Drugs taken after discharge from hospital. RESULTS--After returning home the drug regimen of 45 patients differed from that prescribed on discharge from hospital, with 11 patients taking a different dose, 10 having stopped drugs, and 20 taking new drugs. Possible influencing factors included an incomplete drug history, the continuation of drugs taken before hospital admission, and changes in the prescription not attributable to a conscious clinical decision. Lack of information also contributed; 46 patients could not recall being told when to take drugs before discharge. CONCLUSION--Closer communication is needed between hospital and community health care professionals to ensure that patients are informed about their discharge prescription and continuation of treatment.
ABC of clinical electrocardiography: Myocardial ischaemia
Authors: K. Channer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In clinical practice electrocardiography is most often used to evaluate patients with suspected ischaemic heart disease. When interpreted in the light of the clinical history, electrocardiograms can be invaluable in aiding selection of the most appropriate management. Electrocardiography has limitations. A trace can suggest, for example, that a patient’s heart is entirely normal when in fact he or she has severe and widespread coronary artery disease. In addition, less than half of patients presenting to hospital with an acute myocardial infarction will have the typical and diagnostic electrocardiographic changes present on their initial trace, and as many as 20% of patients will have a normal or near normal electrocardiogram. Myocardial ischaemia causes changes in the ST-T wave, but unlike a full thickness myocardial infarction it has no direct effects on the QRS complex (although ischaemia may give rise to bundle branch blocks, which prolongs the QRS complex). When electrocardiographic abnormalities occur in association with chest pain but in the absence of frank infarction, they confer prognostic significance. About 20% of patients with ST segment depression and 15% with T wave inversion will experience severe angina, myocardial infarction, or death within 12 months of their initial presentation, compared with 10% of patients with a normal trace. Changes in the ST segment and T waves are not specific for ischaemia; they also occur in association with several other disease processes, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, hypokalaemia, and digoxin therapy.
Abstract 1365: Novel anti-angiogenic peptides as potential therapeutic agents in combination with chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Elena V. Rosca, Jacob E. Koskimaki, Aleksander S. Popel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in women. Despite the intensive ongoing research it is estimated that approximately 200,000 new diagnoses will be made in 2009 and 40,000 deaths will occur due to this disease. Angiogenesis, the development of vessels from pre-existing microvasculature, is an essential component of tumor progression and has emerged as a therapeutic target for anti-angiogenic therapies in cancer. The process is controlled by a balance between endogenous pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, and involves numerous interactions among several cell types including proliferation, invasion, and migration. Bevacizumab (Avastin, Roche/Genentech), an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, has been approved by the FDA for several types of cancer; however, in the case of breast cancer its effect on the overall survival is only marginal. Our laboratory has established a systematic bioinformatics approach to identify short novel anti-angiogenic peptides from natural proteins. These peptides belong to different classes (i.e. thrombospondin containing domain, collagen IV, chemokines etc) and in vitro experiments demonstrated their anti-angiogenic potential through inhibition of proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells. Moreover, several peptides have demonstrated efficacy in suppressing tumor growth when delivered as daily intraperitoneal injections in a mouse orthotopic breast cancer model. The repression was associated with a decrease in tumor microvasculature and an increase in necrotic core of the tumors (Koskimaki et al., 2009). The top performing candidate (a 24 amino acid peptide belonging to the collagen IV family) was further modified to find the optimal sequence for possible translation to clinical applications. Several truncations and substitutions of cystines by amino alpha-butyric acid were developed. The candidates were screened in in vitro proliferation assays and the top performer (full sequence length with substituted cystines) was tested in vivo using the orthotopic breast cancer model. This candidate demonstrated no significant changes in activity from the parent peptide, however making it is more conducive for clinical translation. We also investigate its application in combination with a typical chemotherapeutic agent (paclitaxel) and confirmed no decrease in activity in comparison to single agent therapy. We have performed further characterization of the mode of action for this peptide to identify its target receptors; this enhances the translation potential of this candidate as an anti-angiogenic, non-VEGF targeting agent for therapy in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1365.
Polymer micelles as novel drug carrier: Adriamycin-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid) block copolymer
Authors: Yokoyama Masayuki, Miyauchi Mizue, Yamada Noriko, Okano Teruo, Sakurai Yasuhisa, Kataoka Kazunori, Inoue Shohei
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1990)
Points: Falsely high peak expiratory flow readings
Authors: S A Haider
Journal: BMJ (1987)

causalgia.Clinical experience suggests that superficial mechanical stimulation of P6 is as effective as elec- trical stimulation, but confirmation by a properly controlled clinical trial is required. Dangers from dissolution of latex in Celestin endo-oesophageal tubeDr A E HANWELL (Keymed, Essex SS2 5QH) writes: Dr S A Hussain and others (14 February, p 413) state, in their report of the dangers of the disintegration of Celestin tubes, that this problem is well recognised, but is it?In addition to the five references listed with the case report we found a further five reports of similar disintegration, going back as far as 1976.'-5 For this period we cannot find a single report of similar problems encountered with a prosthesis constructed from silicone rubber, which is much more resistant to disintegration.6 1 Brown P, Hughes RG.Late complication of endoscopic oeso-
Effect of Sulfaphenazole on Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release in Normotensive Subjects and Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Chiara Giannarelli, Agostino Virdis, Ferdinando De Negri, Armando Magagna, Emiliano Duranti, Antonio Salvetti, Stefano Taddei
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— A nitric oxide–independent response, possibly mediated by hyperpolarization, regulates vascular tone, acting as a compensatory mechanism in the presence of impaired nitric oxide availability. Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP 2C9) is a source of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors and modulates tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) release from endothelial cells; however, no effect of hyperpolarization on fibrinolysis has been documented in humans. We aimed to assess the effect of sulfaphenazole, a specific CYP 2C9 inhibitor, on tPA release in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension. Methods and Results— tPA release was measured in the forearm microcirculation of 56 normotensivesubjects and 57 patients with essential hypertension after bradykinin (0.015 μg · 100 mL −1 · min −1 ) and acetylcholine (1.5 μg · 100 mL −1 · min −1 ) infusions, with or without sulfaphenazole (0.03 μg · 100 mL −1 · min −1 ). Bradykinin and acetylcholine infusions were repeated with N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA; 100 μg · 100 mL −1 · min −1 ) and/or sulfaphenazole. tPA release by bradykinin and acetylcholine was higher in normotensive subjects than in patients with essential hypertension ( P &lt;0.01). Sulfaphenazole ( P &lt;0.01) blunted bradykinin-induced but not acetylcholine-induced tPA release in both groups. In normotensive subjects, L-NMMA infusion reduced tPA release ( P &lt;0.01). When L-NMMA was coinfused with sulfaphenazole, tPA release induced by bradykinin, but not by acetylcholine, was further reduced ( P &lt;0.01). In patients with essential hypertension, tPA release by both agonists was unaffected by L-NMMA, but only bradykinin-induced tPA release was blunted by sulfaphenazole, alone or with L-NMMA ( P &lt;001). Conclusions— Sulfaphenazole inhibits bradykinin-induced tPA release, which suggests a modulatory role of CYP 2C9–derived endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors in tPA release in humans. In patients with essential hypertension, tPA release depends exclusively on endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, which is an ineffective compensatory mechanism in the presence of impaired nitric oxide availability.