tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In-111 Octreotide Scintigraphy in the Diagnostic Evaluation of En Plaque Meningioma
Authors: CARLO L. MAINI, ANNA TOFANI, RAFFAELE P. CIOFFI, ROSA SCIUTO, ENZO MORACE, MARCELLO CRECCO, MARCELLA MOTTOLESE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 44-year-old woman had a 13-year history of a small bulge of the left frontal region which had increased in size during the last year. At admission, an orange-sized, hard, fixed left frontal mass was found. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperostosis in the left frontal region which was causing a skull deformity and marked focal meningeal enhancement. A hyperostotic plaque meningioma was hypothesized. In-111 octreotide scintigraphy confirmed the diagnosis before surgery. In-111 octreotide scintigraphy allows biologic characterization of neoplasms in vivo.
Mortality from amyloidosis and renal diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M Laakso, O Mutru, H Isomaki, K Koota
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 500 men and 500 women, aged 40 years and over, together with a control population matched by age and sex, were observed over a 10 year period. The overall mortality was significantly higher in both men and women with rheumatoid arthritis than in the controls due to an excess mortality from infections and cardiovascular and renal diseases. During the follow up 31 patients with RA (12 male, 19 female) and one male control subject died from amyloidosis and 42 RA patients (19 male, 23 female) and one male control from renal diseases. The most important causes of renal deaths were chronic nephritis and renal infections.
Abstract A100: Fibrillar human serum albumin suppresses ovarian cancer metastasis by targeting β1 integrin and its downstream FAK signaling pathways
Authors: Tai-An Chen, Shao-Wen Hung, Yu-Ching Chang, Chih-Yuan Chen, Hsin-Ying Hsieh, Chi-Ming Liang, Shu-Mei Liang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Due to the high mortality caused by frequent relapse and metastasis in patients with ovarian cancer, advances in treatment remain necessary. In this study, we developed a chromatographical process which converted native protein human serum albumin (HSA) into a water-soluble nano-fibrillar protein structure and aimed to explore the potential inhibitory effect of fibrillar HSA (F-HSA) on ovarian tumor metastasis. Transwell migration assay, western blotting and gelatin zymography were used to investigate the effects of F-HSA in vitro. Its effects in vivo were evaluated in orthotopic and metastatic xenograft mouse models established using an SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line that stably expressed green fluorescent protein and luciferase. The fibrillar structure of converted HSA was verified by transmission electron microscopy and Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay. Treatment with F-HSA decreased the viability, migration and invasion of several ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. F-HSA bound to β1 integrin receptor to increase PTEN phosphorylation and decrease phosphorylation of FAK and Akt. The inhibitory effect of F-HSA on invasive ability of SKOV3 cells was associated with decreases in phosphorylation of Raf and Erk as well as changes in Crk phosphorylation leading to down-regulation of Rac and MMP2 activities. Orthotopic and metastatic xenograft mouse models showed that F-HSA treatment suppressed tumor growth and metastasis and prolonged survival of SKOV3-bearing mice. These results suggest that F-HSA may have great potential for development as a novel therapeutic agent for metastatic and drug-resistant ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Tai-An Chen, Shao-Wen Hung, Yu-Ching Chang, Chih-Yuan Chen, Hsin-Ying Hsieh, Chi-Ming Liang, Shu-Mei Liang. Fibrillar human serum albumin suppresses ovarian cancer metastasis by targeting β1 integrin and its downstream FAK signaling pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A100.
Psychological Aspects in the Treatment of Leukemia Patients in the Isolated-Bed System ‘Life Island’
Authors: K. Köhle, C. Simons, S. Weidlich, M. Dietrich, A. Durner
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

Report of psychological assessment and supportive psychotherapy in the treatment (intensive chemotherapy under gnotobiotic conditions) of nine patients suffering from acute leukemia. Isolation, extreme dependency on medical and nursing staff, inhibition of motor activity and medical complications aggravate the reaction to the confrontation with the diagnosis. The impact of the specific treatment situation does not only concern the patients but medical and nursing staff as well. Arising problems and means of dealing with them are discussed.
MEDICAL PRACTICE IN THE CANAL ZONE
Authors: C. L. OVERLANDER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

It is the general belief that the practice of medicine in tropical countries consists largely in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases peculiar to the tropics; that is to say, diseases which are entirely different from those encountered in the temperate zone. That such is not the case was amply demonstrated to me during a recent visit to the Canal Zone. Therefore, because of the importance to us of the opening of the Panama Canal, I deem it worth while to call attention to some of the diseases seen there which are also common here, as well as to those peculiar to that area and found here infrequently or not at all. Moreover, every practitioner must familiarize himself with diseases peculiar to the tropics, because, first, on the return of workmen when the canal is completed, some are certain to have contracted diseases peculiar to that climate and second, the
TUMORS OF THE CAROTID GLAND.
Authors: W. W. KEEN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

SURGICAL PART BY DR. KEEN.  A recent case of this rare specimen of tumor has interested me very much and led me to present for consideration a resume of all the reported cases and some clinical remarks based on a study of them. My own case is as follows:  Patient.  —R. M., male, aged 56, first consulted me March 30, 1905, for a large tumor on the left side of his neck. He stated that he first noticed the tumor about eighteen years ago and that it has slowly but steadily increased in size. There has been no pain, no dysphagia, no dyspnea, in fact, one may say, no symptoms save the existence of the tumor as a slowly increasing deformity.  Examination.  —Chiefly anterior to the sternocleidomastoid, but extending under it all the way to its posterior border, I found a tumor measuring horizontally 13 cm. and extending from the
Control of cccDNA function in hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Massimo Levrero, Teresa Pollicino, Jorg Petersen, Laura Belloni, Giovanni Raimondo, Maura Dandri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)

The template of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcription, the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), plays a key role in the life cycle of the virus and permits the persistence of infection. Novel molecular techniques have opened new possibilities to investigate the organization and the activity of the cccDNA minichromosome in vivo, and recent advances have started to shed light on the complexity of the mechanisms controlling cccDNA function. Nuclear cccDNA accumulates in hepatocyte nuclei as a stable minichromosome organized by histone and non-histone viral and cellular proteins. Identification of the molecular mechanisms regulating cccDNA stability and its transcriptional activity at the RNA, DNA and epigenetic levels in the course of chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) infection may reveal new potential therapeutic targets for anti-HBV drugs and hence assist in the design of strategies aimed at silencing and eventually depleting the cccDNA reservoir.
Timing and Potential Role of Diagnostic I-123 Scintigraphy in Assessing Radioiodine Breast Uptake Before Ablation in Postpartum Women With Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Malgorzata Brzozowska, Paul J. Roach
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Breast accumulation of I-131 may be an undesirable effect of I-131 ablation in postpartum women being treated for differentiated thyroid cancer. The use of diagnostic I-123 scintigraphy before ablation does allow an assessment of potential postablative breast uptake in such patients. This case series of 8 patients evaluates I-123 scintigraphy in the assessment of breast uptake in postpartum women with thyroid cancer. Of these patients, 7 were studied at various times after cessation of lactation and in one patient, lactation was not initiated at all. Of the group who did not receive lactation-inhibiting medications, there was variable breast uptake demonstrated and by 6 months postcessation of lactation, some patients showed persisting breast uptake but others demonstrated no uptake. In the group treated with lactation-inhibiting medications, such as bromocriptine or cabergoline, breast uptake appears to be reduced much earlier with uptake becoming absent after as little as 3 weeks of treatment. There was barely discernible uptake in the patient in whom lactation was never initiated. I-123 scintigraphy may help guide clinicians on the appropriate timing of radioiodine ablation to help minimize concentration of I-131 in breast tissue.
Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Bisphosphonates: Current Status
Authors: Anke J. Roelofs, Keith Thompson, Sharon Gordon, Michael J. Rogers
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Bisphosphonates are currently the most important class of antiresorptive agents used in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases, including tumor-associated osteolysis and hypercalcemia. These compounds have high affinity for calcium ions and therefore target bone mineral, where they are internalized by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and inhibit osteoclast function. Experimental Design: This article reviews the pharmacology of bisphosphonates and the relationship between chemical structure and antiresorptive potency. We also describe new insights into their intracellular molecular mechanisms of action, methods for assessing the effects of bisphosphonates on protein prenylation, and their potential as direct antitumor agents. Results: Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates act intracellularly by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate synthase, an enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, thereby preventing prenylation of small GTPase signaling proteins required for normal cellular function. Inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase also seems to account for their antitumor effects observed in vitro and for the activation of γ,δ T cells, a feature of the acute-phase response to bisphosphonate treatment in humans. Bisphosphonates that lack a nitrogen in the chemical structure do not inhibit protein prenylation and have a different mode of action that seems to involve primarily the formation of cytotoxic metabolites in osteoclasts. Conclusions: Bisphosphonates are highly effective inhibitors of bone resorption that selectively affect osteoclasts in vivo but could also have direct effects on other cell types, such as tumor cells. After &amp;gt;30 years of clinical use, their molecular mechanisms of action on osteoclasts are finally becoming clear but their exact antitumor properties remain to be clarified.
Nostalgia doesn't help recruitment
Authors: N. Leech
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Per Fugelli and Iona Heath describe a utopian model of general practice that I find it difficult to identify with.1 The vision of a paternalistic doctor who shields his patients from the dangers of modern medicine and steers them through various life crises single handedly seems to ignore reality.

Patients in the late 20th century are sophisticated: they …
A Widow's Grief: The Language of the Heart
Authors: Donald P. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A 49-year-old recently widowed woman with a 2-year history of substernal chest pressure and pain with exertion, was admitted to a coronary care unit for increasing frequency of exertional chest pain. As part of admission evaluation, she was asked the reason for her use of alprazolam. Immediately following this question, the patient burst into tears, hurriedly reached for a picture of her husband from the nightstand, and clutching the photograph to her chest, began to complain of pain in her chest. Electrocardiograms of a patient during (A) and following (B) an acute grief response. The patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) at that time revealed new 0.5- to 1.0-mm down-sloping ST-T wave changes in leads V4 to V6 (Figure). She was treated with two sublingual nitroglycerin tablets and the pain resolved in 4 to 6 minutes. Vital signs remained within normal limits and the ECG returned to normal. Cardiac catheterization
Improving the acceptability of oral continuous progestogens in microdosage for fertility control.
Authors: J Zanartu
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Over a period of 16 months men attending the Pneumo- coniosis Medical Panel, Cardiff, who were thought to have simple pneumoconiosis of a pin-head type (punctiform opacities up to 1.5 mm. in diameter (International Labour Office, 1959)) together with some of a micronodular type (opacities of 1.5-3 mm. in diameter) were referred to the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit for assessment.Here the chest radiographs were read in duplicate by an independent observer (W.G. C.) ; respiratory symptoms were assessed by use of the
Albert Carson Scott
Authors: Jennifer Scott
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Albert C Scott (“Bertie”) did his medical training in Queen's University, Belfast and then set out in the 1960s, to specialise in physiology, gaining an MD for his research. However, preferring clinical practice to teaching and research, he returned to studying and started his anaesthetic training in Edinburgh at the Royal Infirmary Hospital, before returning to Northern Ireland to complete it. Not content with the basic anaesthetic skills he had gained, …
Endothelial E-type prostanoid 4 receptors promote barrier function and inhibit neutrophil trafficking
Authors: Viktoria Konya, Andreas Üllen, Nora Kampitsch, Anna Theiler, Sonia Philipose, Gerald P. Parzmair, Gunther Marsche, Bernhard A. Peskar, Rufina Schuligoi, Wolfgang Sattler, Akos Heinemann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Abstract 3265: Immortalization and comprehensive characterization of a human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line derived from an Ashkenazi Jewish patient
Authors: Ester Rozenblum, Jose Sotelo, Gina Y. Kim, Susana Korolevich, Hongling Liao, James Cherry, David J. Munroe, Anna Roschke
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have established and characterized a new ovarian cancer cell line derived from stage IV serous ovarian adenocarcinoma metastatic tissue from a 47 year old Ashkenazi Jewish patient. The patient developed ovarian cancer at age 44 and died of the disease at age 48. The tissue was obtained after an extensive secondary cytoreductive intraperitoneal surgery. Prior to the surgery the patient underwent primary cytoreduction followed by several systemic therapies with recurrences. A culture of the metastatic tissue was transfected with Simian Virus 40 Large T-Antigen and telomerase. The cell line has been in culture on and off during 3 years. The identity of the cell line was confirmed by Short Tandem Repeat genotyping on genomic DNA extracted from early and late passages as well as from frozen metastatic tissue. The cell line was further characterized by array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization and gene expression microarray; and by Spectral Karyotyping and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization. The results of these analyses were compared, when appropriate, with those of frozen metastatic tissue. A low level of genetic instability was detected in the cell line, but the karyotypes seem to be near diploid and relatively stable, after several years of cultivation. We believe that this novel ovarian cancer cell line could contribute to the understanding of the molecular genetic basis of the disease in this advanced stage, and be representative of the tumors of a great number of patients that become resistant to the majority if not all known cancer therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3265.
Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, vol 1: Foundations, vol 2: Psychological and Biological Models
Authors: Greg Kane
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<b>Neural Computing: Theory and Practice</b>, by Philip Wasserman, 230 pp, $41.95, with illus, ISBN 0-442-20743-3, New York, NY, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989. <b>Neural Networks: A Tutorial</b>, by Michael Chester, 182 pp, $38, with illus, ISBN 0-13-368903-4, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1993. <b>Neural Networks: Algorithms, Applications, and Programming Techniques</b>, by James Freeman and David Skapura, 401 pp, $50.50, with illus, ISBN 0-201-51376-5, Reading, Mass, Addison-Wesley, 1991. <b>Understanding Neural Networks: Computer Explorations</b>, vol 1:<b>Basic Networks</b>, vol 2:<b>Advanced Networks</b>, 309, 367 pp, by Maureen Caudill and Charles Butler, paper, with illus, spiral-bound, with 1 diskette/vol, $39.95/vol, vol 1: ISBN0-262-53102-X (Macintosh), 0-262-53099-6 (IBM), vol 2: ISBN 0-262-53103-8 (Macintosh), 0-262-53100-3 (IBM), Cambridge, Mass, The MIT Press, 1992. Artificial neural network research began in the early 1940s, advancing in fits and starts, until the late 1960s when Minsky and Papert published<i>Perceptrons</i>, in which they proved that neural networks, as then conceived, can
Abstract 3274: Loss of interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreases mouse mammary gland development and lactogenic differentiation
Authors: Patricia Masso-Welch, Patricia M. Merhige, Omkara Lakshmi M. Veeranki, Shiu-Ming Kuo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Increased expression of IL-10 has been associated with a decreased breast cancer risk but the mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IL-10 loss on mouse mammary gland development. Female wild-type and IL-10 knockout mouse littermates born to and raised by IL-10 +/− mothers were maintained under specific pathogen-free (SPF) condition with NIH31 diet. They were sacrificed at days 21, 50-55, 80, and 150 of postnatal age, and at day 2 of lactation. IL-10 loss had no effect on body weight at any age. Whole mounts and paraffin sections of mammary glands from wild type and IL-10 knockout mice were compared for changes in development, differentiation, and the presence of any preneoplastic histologic changes. Interactions between genotype and estrus stage were also examined. Despite its role as an anti-inflammatory immune regulator, IL-10 loss did not result in the enlargement of the intramammary lymph node or frank leukocyte infiltration under SPF condition. No significant differences in mammary gland development were observed in prepubertal glands (day 21). In the pubertal gland at day 50-55 of age, loss of IL-10 was associated with significantly decreased epithelial area, decreased terminal end buds, and decreased adipose tissue. This decrease in peripheral structures and terminal end buds was maintained at day 80 and day 150 of age. Pregnancy and lactogenesis was unable to rescue this phenotype: at day 2 of lactation, the IL-10 knockout mouse maintained a decreased lobular complexity and glandular area, accompanied by abnormal retention of large adipocytes, compared to wild-type mice, consistent with published reports of decreased pup growth in pups born to and raised by IL-10 knock-out mother. Lactating IL-10 knockout mice had a significant increase in abundance of cysts, but no other signs of hyperplasia or neoplasia were present. In conclusion, IL-10 loss decreases epithelial branching in the resting gland, resulting in a compromised differentiation during lactogenesis with decreased glandular area. Although the loss of IL-10 alone was not sufficient to induce frank neoplastic changes in the resting mouse mammary gland, our observation suggests a epithelial differentiation-promoting role of IL-10 which is consistent with its association with a decreased breast cancer risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3274.
Thrombin-induced endothelium-dependent inhibition and direct activation of platelet-vessel wall interaction. Role of prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and thromboxane A2.
Authors: Z Yang, U Arnet, E Bauer, L von Segesser, R Siebenmann, M Turina, T F Lüscher
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Platelet-vessel wall interaction plays an important role in acute cardiovascular disorders. Thrombin is a potent platelet activator but also has profound effects on the endothelium. Endothelial cells possess antithrombotic activity by releasing nitric oxide and prostacyclin, both potent vasodilators and platelet inhibitors. We studied the role of thrombin as a regulator of platelet-vessel wall interaction in isolated human arteries suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. METHODS AND RESULTS In arteries with endothelium, thrombin (0.01 to 1 U/mL) induced endothelium-dependent relaxations, which were reduced by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10(-4) mol/L) and/or indomethacin (10(-5) mol/L). Human platelets (75,000/microL) evoked only marginal contractions in arteries with endothelium (3 +/- 3% of the contraction to KCl 100 mmol/L; NS), which were markedly enhanced by endothelial removal (22 +/- 4%; P &lt; .05). Thrombin (1 U/mL) did not affect the response to platelets in arteries with (6 +/- 5%; NS) but induced a huge contraction in rings without endothelium (53 +/- 6%; P &lt; .01 versus control without endothelium). The potent contraction to thrombin-activated platelets (1000 to 75,000/microL) in arteries without endothelium was markedly inhibited by the thromboxane A2 synthetase/receptor antagonist ridogrel (10(-5) mol/L; P &lt; .005 versus control) and the single-acting thromboxane receptor blocker SQ-30741 (10(-7) mol/L; P &lt; .01 versus control). CONCLUSIONS Thus, thrombin directly stimulates platelets to release thromboxane A2, inducing potent vasoconstriction, which is prevented by the simultaneous thrombin-induced release of prostacyclin and nitric oxide from endothelial cells. In arteries devoid of functional endothelial cells, as occurs in patients with coronary artery disease, a combined inhibition of thromboxane production and action provides a potent therapeutic tool to interfere with the thrombin-induced activation of platelet-vessel wall interaction.