tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AIDS in a patient with Crohn's disease.
Authors: J M Dhar, N D Pidgeon, A L Burton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Une observation rare. Chronologie des maladies: œsophagite a Candidia, puis maladie de Crohn (operee), puis abces pulmonaire, puis encephalopathie avec eruption cutanee, puis zona, puis recidive de candidiase, puis metastases au niveau de la paroi thoracique d'un epithelioma spinocellulaire entrainant le deces. Ce malade n'entre dans aucune des categories de sujets risquant de contracter le SIDA
Exercise physiologist’s role in clinical practice
Authors: B Franklin, A Fern, A Fowler, T Spring, A deJong
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

The use of exercise testing has expanded greatly to help guide decisions about medical management and prognosis in a broad spectrum of patients. Numerous epidemiological studies in people with and without documented coronary artery disease have identified a low level of cardiorespiratory fitness as an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and that exercise capacity is inversely associated with healthcare costs. Accordingly, unfit men and women should be counselled to exercise in home-based or group preventative or rehabilitative programmes. In the era of managed care, the use of specialised exercise professionals for the supervision of exercise testing and training may represent a safe and cost-effective alternative to many hospitals, clinics and private physician practices. Clinical exercise physiologists (CEPs) can play a critical role in favourably modifying clients’ level of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity habits. We detail the training of CEPs and outline the clinical settings where they have contributed substantially to healthcare delivery. We also outline the role of registered clinical exercise physiologists. It is important that exercise prescription is not left to a few individuals or small groups. It needs a concerted programme with all those in a position to make a difference actively contributing.
The Power of Play: Innovations in Getting Active Summit 2011
Authors: Debra A. Lieberman, Barbara Chamberlin, Ernie Medina, Barry A. Franklin, Brigid McHugh Sanner, Dorothea K. Vafiadis
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— To examine the influence active-play video gaming (also referred to as exergaming, exertainment, and active gaming) might have on improving health-related skills, enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy, promoting social support, and ultimately motivating positive changes in health behaviors, the American Heart Association convened The Power of Play: Innovations in Getting Active Summit. The summit, as well as a follow-up science panel, was hosted by the American Heart Association and Nintendo of America. Methods and Results— The science panel discussed the current state of research on active-play video gaming and its potential to serve as a gateway experience that might motivate players to increase the amount and intensity of physical activity in their daily lives. The panel identified the need for continued research on the gateway concept and on other behavioral health outcomes that could result from active-play video games and considered how these games could potentially affect disparate populations. Conclusions— The summit represented an exciting first step in convening healthcare providers, behavioral researchers, and professionals from the active-play video game industry to discuss the potential health benefits of active-play video games. Research is needed to improve understanding of processes of behavior change with active games. Future games and technologies may be designed with the goal to optimize physical activity participation, increase energy expenditure, and effectively address the abilities and interests of diverse and targeted populations. The summit helped the participants gain an understanding of what is known, identified gaps in current research, and supported a dialogue for continued collaboration.
Treatment of Acute Cystitis-Reply
Authors: Thomas M. Hooton
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The subjects in our trial were university students with an age range of 18 to 42 years, which was similar in each of the four treatment groups. We evaluated the effect of diaphragm use as the contraceptive method at enrollment and noted in the text that treatment outcome did not appear to be associated with diaphragm use. Although the numbers were small, women who used diaphragms generally had better outcome among all treatment groups, except for those treated with nitrofurantoin. Thus, among diaphragm users compared with nonusers, the cure rates were as follows: 100% (4/4) vs 80% (28/35) in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group; 50% (4/8) vs 64% (18/28) in the nitrofurantoin group; 100% (7/7) vs 56% (14/25) in the cefadroxil group; and 80% (4/5) vs 65% (24/37) in the amoxicillin group. Nitrofurantoin performed poorly regardless of diaphragm use. The sexual activity of subjects was not assessed during or after
Comment on: Polonsky et al. Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Significantly Reduces A1C Levels in Poorly Controlled, Noninsulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Structured Testing Program Study. Diabetes Care 2011;34:262–267
Authors: Jeffrey W. Stephens, Julie E. Carman, Caroline J. Brooks, Ronan A. Lyons, David V. Ford, David E. Price, Stephen C. Bain
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

We read with interest the article by Polonsky et al. (1) reporting that self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) improves glycemic control in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes. In the U.K., SMBG is recommended for insulin-treated diabetes (2), and controversy exists in relation to treatment with lifestyle advice or oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). A Cochrane review concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of SMBG in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes (3). Furthermore, a health technology assessment review suggests that SMBG has limited clinical effectiveness in improving glycemic control in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes (4). In view of the widespread use of SMBG, cost implications, and the fact that U.K. management algorithms are based on HbA …
Characteristics of Metachronous Multiple Early Gastric Cancers after Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: J. Nasu, T. Doi, H. Endo, T. Nishina, S. Hirasaki, I. Hyodo
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of early gastric cancer is a minimally invasive procedure. The incidence and characteristics of metachronous multiple gastric cancers were investigated in a retrospective study in patients with early gastric cancer after EMR treatment. Patients and Methods: A total of 143 patients with early gastric cancer who had undergone EMR treatment were periodically followed up with endoscopic examinations for 24 months or longer. Results: The median period of endoscopic follow-up was 57 months (range 24 - 157 months). None of the patients died of gastric cancer, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Five patients died of other diseases. Of 20 patients (14 %) with metachronous multiple gastric cancers, 15 were treated by EMR. One patient with differentiated submucosal cancer and four with undifferentiated cancers underwent surgery. Sixteen patients (11 %) had synchronous multiple early gastric cancer lesions within 1 year of the initial EMR. About half of the multiple lesions were located in the same third of the stomach as the primary lesion, and most lesions were similar in macroscopic type to the primary lesions. Most multiple lesions were of the differentiated type. Conclusions: Annual endoscopic examinations can preserve the whole stomach in most patients with early gastric cancer after successful EMR.
Estimated Acute Effects of Ambient Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide on Mortality in the Pearl River Delta of Southern China
Authors: Yebin Tao, Wei Huang, Xiaoliang Huang, Liuju Zhong, Shou-En Lu, Yi Li, Lingzhen Dai, Yuanhang Zhang, Tong Zhu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Epidemiologic studies have attributed adverse health effects to air pollution; however, controversy remains regarding the relationship between ambient oxidants [ozone (O₃) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)] and mortality, especially in Asia. We conducted a four-city time-series study to investigate acute effects of O₃ and NO₂ in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of southern China, using data from 2006 through 2008.We used generalized linear models with Poisson regression incorporating natural spline functions to analyze acute mortality in association with O₃ and NO₂, with PM₁₀ (particulate matter ≤ 10 μm in diameter) included as a major confounder. Effect estimates were determined for individual cities and for the four cities as a whole. We stratified the analysis according to high- and low- exposure periods for O₃.We found consistent positive associations between ambient oxidants and daily mortality across the PRD cities. Overall, 10-μg/m³ increases in average O₃ and NO₂ concentrations over the previous 2 days were associated with 0.81% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63%, 1.00%] and 1.95% (95% CI: 1.62%, 2.29%) increases in total mortality, respectively, with stronger estimated effects for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. After adjusting for PM₁₀, estimated effects of O₃ on total and cardiovascular mortality were stronger for exposure during high-exposure months (September through November), whereas respiratory mortality was associated with O₃ exposure during nonpeak exposure months only.Our findings suggest significant acute mortality effects of O₃ and NO₂ in the PRD and strengthen the rationale for further limiting the ambient pollution levels in the area.
SWAY AS PREDICTOR OF INJURIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: L Runge Larsen, P Lund Kristensen, T Junge, B Juul-Kristensen, N Wedderkopp
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Introduction Poor postural control measured as sway performance is an intrinsic risk of injury and re-injury among adults. This has not been investigated in children. Objective To investigate the associations between balance, measured as sway performance, and the risk of both acute and overuse injuries in a population of children. Hypothesis: Excessive sway increases the risk of injury. Design The current study is part of The Childhood Health, Activity and Motor Performance School Study-Denmark (CHAMPS Study-DK II), a natural experiment with a prospective, quasi-experimental study design. The follow-up period between baseline measures of sway and registration of injuries was 1 year and 3 months. Setting 10 public schools participated in the study, in the municipality of Svendborg. Participants 1096 participants, 48.7% male, aged 8–14, mean age 11.2. Risk factor assessment The independent variable in the current study is balance measured as sway. Sway was measured on a force platform as centre of pressure path length excursion during four tests: Eyes open: Bilateral stance (test 1), unilateral stance on dominant (test 2) and non-dominant leg (test 3). Eyes closed: Bilateral stance (test 4). Main outcome measurements Primary outcome was overuse and traumatic injuries, with special emphasis on ankle and knee sprains. Complaints were registered by SMS-track on a weekly basis, and after a telephone interview, clinicians examined and diagnosed the children with complaints. Injuries were diagnosed using ICD-10. Results Injuries: 2276, traumatic injuries: 714, ankle sprains: 164, knee sprains: 42. Preliminary multivariate analysis taking into account competing risk showed significant odds ratios (OR) at test 1; A) 1.003 per cm increase of sway; B) overall traumatic injury OR=3.0, ankle sprain OR=5.5 for sway longer than 400 cm/minute. Conclusion Children with an excessive sway has an increased risk of traumatic injuries, this warrants further research into treating reduced balance in children.
Cleaner Air, Bigger Lungs
Authors: Douglas W. Dockery, James H. Ware
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

In the latter half of the 20th century, Los Angeles had, by many measures, higher levels of photochemical air pollutants than any other major city in the United States (Figure 1). To address this problem, the California Air Resources Board and its partners became leaders in quantifying the health effects of air pollutants and in aggressively implementing pollution-control strategies. Even with these actions, air-pollution levels remained high. In 1993, “Health Advisories” were issued on 92 days.1 In that year, the prospective Children's Health Study was launched to examine the effects of air pollution on lung growth in children. Fourth-grade children . . .
On the Action of some Essential Oils and Other Volatile Substances on the Growth of the Bacillus Tuberculosis and in the Treatment of Phthisis
Authors: W. Murrell
Journal: BMJ (1899)

In theoe four lhouses the following diseases were apparently eaused by exposure to sewer gas: I. Pelvic cellulitis, r case.2. Diphtheria (?), case, itot tested bacteriolo,-ically.3. Follicular tollsillitis, io cases. 4. Otitis media, 5 CaSes. 5. Erysipelas, I case. 6. Pleuro-pneuinoiiia, i casse.7. Lobar pneuonioa,i£ ca.se.S. Poisoned tliumiib and septiccicnia, I case. 9. Acute art1iritis-rhiein11
Common variations in BARD1 influence susceptibility to high-risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Mario Capasso, Marcella Devoto, Cuiping Hou, Shahab Asgharzadeh, Joseph T Glessner, Edward F Attiyeh, Yael P Mosse, Cecilia Kim, Sharon J Diskin, Kristina A Cole, Kristopher Bosse, Maura Diamond, Marci Laudenslager, Cynthia Winter, Jonathan P Bradfield, Richard H Scott, Jayanti Jagannathan, Maria Garris, Carmel McConville, Wendy B London, Robert C Seeger, Struan F A Grant, Hongzhe Li, Nazneen Rahman, Eric Rappaport, Hakon Hakonarson, John M Maris
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
South Asian health: what is to be done?
Authors: Ediriweera B R Desapriya
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Sri Lanka's healthcare system is comparatively successful despite the ongoing civil war and political uncertainty. Sri Lanka has recorded impressive achievements in health, nutrition, and family planning with comparatively low levels of public expenditure on health. Current life expectancy is 73 years, compared with a regional average of only 61 years, and infant mortality is around 16 per 1000 births.

Because life expectancy has increased and the population is ageing, noncommunicable and degenerative diseases in adults such as heart disease and diabetes are becoming more common and must be addressed. It is estimated that within a period of 25 years between 1995 and 2020 the number of those aged 60 years and older will more than double in Sri Lanka.1 By 2020 Sri Lanka will experience South Asia's most rapid population ageing.

Early action should be taken in paying attention to this emerging problem and developing services to address it. Meeting the future needs of an ageing population requires more than just improving the current healthcare system. It requires an entirely new focus on healthy ageing. In addition, government should be aware that to achieve the goals of the national health policy on healthy ageing, individual or household health behaviour must change. Promoting such change through health education is therefore a major part of all the components of successful future healthcare systems.
An open multicenter registry to evaluate local heparin delivery following balloon angioplasty for the prevention of restenosis: Preliminary results
Authors: Edoardo Camenzind, Victor Legrand, Mathias Vrolix, Claude Hanet, William Wijns, Christophe Bauters, Wim Aengevaeren, Peter den Heijer, Tony Gershlick, Eline Montauban van Swijndregt, Peter van der Meer, Rein Melkert, Patrick Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics of Hypertension
Authors: Paolo Manunta, Giuseppe Bianchi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

There is a growing literature on the potential prospective use of genome information to enhance success in finding new medicines. An example of a prospective efficacy of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomics is the detection and impact of adducin polymorphism on hypertension. Adducin is a heterodimeric cytoskeleton protein, the three subunits of which are encoded by genes (ADD1, ADD2, and ADD3) that map to three different chromosomes. A long series of parallel studies in the Milan hypertensive rat strain model of hypertension and humans indicated that an altered adducin function might cause hypertension through an enhanced constitutive tubular sodium reabsorption. In particular, six linkage studies, 18 of 20 association studies, and four of five follow-up studies that measured organ damage in hypertensive patients support the clinical impact of adducing polymorphism. As many modulatory genes and environment affect the adducin activity, the context must be taken into account to measure the clinical effect size of adducins. Pharmacogenomics is giving an important contribution to this end. In particular, the selective advantages of diuretics in preventing myocardial infarction and stroke over other antihypertensive therapies that produce a similar BP reduction in carriers of the mutated adducin may support new strategies that aim to optimize the use of antihypertensive agents for the prevention of hypertension-associated organ damage.
ADVANTAGES AND COMPLICATIONS OF TRACHEOTOMY
Authors: Hamilton S. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The possibility of relieving upper respiratory obstruction by a tracheotomy was first discussed by Asclepiades in 124 B.C., but the first authentic operation was probably performed by Brassavola in 1546.<sup>1</sup>Until the middle of the 19th century, it was considered a hazardous procedure and was rarely performed. Even after this time it was still regarded as a last resort for such dire emergencies as might arise in membranous diphtheria, neoplasms of the upper respiratory tract, and, occasionally, injuries of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. During the last 10 years the operation has been performed more frequently, but still usually as an emergency procedure, and the newer concept of an elective operation has been accepted with reluctance in many quarters. Anesthesiologists have come to recommend this operation more as a prophylactic measure than as an emergency treatment, not only because an airway is assured but, perhaps even more specifically, because
A BLOOD SERUM TEST OF GENERAL PARALYSIS
Authors: K. O. Newman
Journal: BMJ (1930)

931these, departments wvill be providedl for treatmenit either by mnutid, w-itlh tlhe proper mu-itid kitcheni, or bv vapou°r at VariouIs temperatures, or' bi tleriiial briine.Light and artificial sunshine will certaulidy haveO .. a )lace, as well as a ji(licious selection of local and accessory lhysical treotmAnent.Thlere will also be amiiple accoininodatioll fo;r mai-anipulations, iiovemients, frictionls, and switch i mg, anid couclhes for pa'cks aid prol ilonged anid quiet restinig.Ani artificial climiate will peorvade the place, and1l wvinlter?gardens witlh a subtropical teiipewrature, refreshmi-enit roons, library, games and recrea- tinIs, and a gynmnasiumi, miiay properly be include(d in the schenie.Last but niot least, founitains of soft drinikiilg water, lhot and cokl, will be provided in all departments for treatment, inasmluc-h as the free uis?e of water initerniallv is of gireat assistance to tile external treatmiienit of rheum1111'atismll.The gm:eat majority of rhetumatic persons, both in the eajly anid later stages of the disease, anid imianty otlher s who ;nffer from cliill, iiight well lie reconminelnded to spend romi two to tlhree hours a day in a niedical establislhmeint (f this description.Men aind womnen after the day's wzork would take witlh atdvantage a couplle of lioumis for ti-etatflent, rest, ani(l recreation at stuch a bath clinic.For llt serious cases, especially of aetld itii, warmed hostels 6'awd'd be available in close pr'oximllitV.Apart fromIn tlhe gri-eat towns, where tdie need for suich fa.cilities i.s probably tlhe greatest, there are British marinie resort, wvell stuited for a winiter cure, wlhere rheumllatic cases ar(e al'eady treated w-itlh benefit, aid it is niot inconiceiv- abl'e that at some futuri e timiie the people's batlh clinics mllay also be established at the spas aind along the coasts.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Overexpression Improves Left Ventricular Remodeling and Function in a Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bo Dong, Qing Tao Yu, Hong Yan Dai, Yan Yan Gao, Zhao Li Zhou, Lei Zhang, Hong Jiang, Fei Gao, Shu Ying Li, Yue Hui Zhang, Hong Jun Bian, Chun Xi Liu, Nan Wang, Hui Xu, Chun Ming Pan, Huai Dong Song, Cheng Zhang, Yun Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cholesterol and Violence: Is There A Connection?
Authors: Stephen D. Nash
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 October 1998Cholesterol and Violence: Is There A Connection?Stephen D. Nash, MDStephen D. Nash, MDState University of New York; Syracuse, NY 13202Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-8-199810150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of death and medical expenditures in the United States. Despite overwhelming evidence that we can greatly improve outcomes in at-risk populations by using lipid-lowering therapy, Dr. Golomb [1] rehashes a tired and largely unsubstantiated association between cholesterol lowering and violence. She cites eight meta-analyses of cholesterol lowering that reported a higher odds ratio of violent deaths. However, none of these was a prospective trial, four of the eight did not report statistically significant findings, and most patients described in these analyses were not treated with statin drugs.In contrast, the Scandinavian ...References1. Golomb BA. Cholesterol and violence: is there a connection? Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:478-87. Google Scholar2. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994; 344:1383-9. Google Scholar3. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, Rouleau JL, Rutherford JD, Cole TG, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335:1001-9. Google Scholar4. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Isles CG, Lorimer AR, MacFarlane PW, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:1301-7. Google Scholar5. Plan and Operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey, 1988-94. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Statistics 1. 1994. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State University of New York; Syracuse, NY 13202 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1998Volume 129, Issue 8Page: 668KeywordsCholesterolCongenital heart diseaseMedical risk factorsMortalityMyocardial infarctionPopulation statisticsProspective studiesRelative riskStatinsSurgery Issue Published: 15 October 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Call for change in law on assisted suicide is defeated in conference debate
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Graeme Catto, former president of the UK General Medical Council, has called for parliament to legalise assisted dying “in some shape or form” for a small number of people experiencing unbearable suffering.

Professor Catto said he was expressing his personal view and not that of the GMC, which as the United Kingdom’s regulator for doctors had to support the law of the land and therefore could have no position on assisted suicide.

Speaking at a conference on the ethics of assisted suicide at the Royal Society of Medicine on 30 June, he said, “I genuinely believe …