tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Caution About Overinterpretation of Symptom Indexes in Reflux Monitoring for Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: James C. Slaughter, Marion Goutte, Jennifer A. Rymer, Amanke C. Oranu, Jonathan A. Schneider, C. Gaelyn Garrett, David Hagaman, Michael F. Vaezi
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Estimation of bone turnover evaluated by 47Ca-kinetics. Efficiency of serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein, serum alkaline phosphatase, and urinary hydroxyproline excretion.
Authors: P Charles, J W Poser, L Mosekilde, F T Jensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing (Gla) protein (BGP, osteocalcin) is a noncollagenous protein of bone present in plasma and removed by the kidney. Plasma BGP has been shown to be elevated in patients with certain bone diseases. The present study evaluates serum BGP (S-BGP), serum alkaline phosphatase (S-AP), and urinary hydroxyproline excretion (U-OHP) in diseases with differing bone turnover rates, and compares the accuracy of these measurements for estimating bone mineralization (m) and resorption (r) rates. S-BGP, S-AP, U-OHP, and creatinine clearance (Clcr) were measured in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 13), hyperthyroidism (n = 6), and hypothyroidism (n = 6). Bone mineralization and resorption rates were calculated from a 7-d combined calcium balance and 47Ca turnover study. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.69, P less than 0.001) was found between S-BGP and m. Multiple regression analysis disclosed a partial correlation between S-BGP and m when Clcr was taken into account (r = 0.82, P less than 0.001), and between S-BGP and Clcr when m was taken into account (r = -0.62, P less than 0.005). In accordance with this, a stronger correlation (r = 0.89, P less than 0.0001) was found between S-BGP X Clcr and m than between S-BGP and m. A less significant correlation was found between S-AP and m (r = 0.45, P less than 0.05). Furthermore, U-OHP showed a highly significant positive correlation to r (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001). Thus, in the studied disorders of calcium metabolism, individual serum levels of BGP depend on both mineralization rate and renal function. Serum levels of BGP corrected for alterations in renal function are superior to uncorrected S-BGP and to S-AP levels in the estimation of bone mineralization rates.
Abstract 1113: Role of the microRNA-23∼27∼24 clusters in osteosarcoma
Authors: Princy Francis, So Young Moon, Sven Bilke, Yuelin J. Zhu, Robert L. Walker, Marbin Pineda, Xiao Ling Li, Ogan Abaan, Jeffrey Knight, Sean Davis, Jaleisa Turner, Hui Wang, Laurakay Bruhn, Ashish Lal, Paul S. Meltzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Osteosarcomas are rare but aggressive tumors that predominantly affect adolescents. These neoplasms of mesenchymal origin are biologically heterogeneous and produce immature osteoid or bone. The pathogenesis of osteosarcomas is poorly understood although defective osteogenic differentiation seems to play a key role. In order to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, 16 osteosarcoma cell lines, 2 osteoblast cell lines and 45 osteosarcoma tumors were studied using a combination of high-throughput techniques such as microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression profiling, miRNA sequencing and array comparative genomic hybridization. Overexpression of the miRNA clusters miR-23a∼27a∼24-2 (19p13.13) and miR-23b∼27b∼24-1 (9q22.32) was identified in a subset of the osteosarcoma tumors and cell lines. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the miR-23a and miR-23b clusters were downregulated during osteoblast differentiation of the osteosarcoma cell line HOS and overexpression of these miRNAs (by transient transfection of miRNA mimics) delayed osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization evaluated by alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red staining. Target gene identification experiments were then performed for each of the members of the miR-23a and miR-23b clusters. Gain of function (using miRNA mimics for exogenous expression) and loss of function (using antisense miRNAs to inhibit endogenous expression) experiments followed by downstream gene expression analysis identified several putative targets in osteosarcoma cell lines HOS and HuO3N1. The gene lists were highly enriched in targets (including differentiation genes) identified by TargetScan and other target prediction software. These results suggest that deregulation of the miR-23∼27∼24 clusters may play a role in defective osteogenic differentiation and osteosarcoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1113. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1113
Effective management of accelerated phase myelofibrosis with low‐dose splenic radiotherapy
Authors: A. Pardanani, P. Brown, M. Neben‐Wittich, R. Tobin, A. Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

The main cause of hepatosplenomegaly in primary (PMF), post polycythemia vera (post-PV MF), and post essential thrombocythemia (post-ET MF) myelofibrosis (MF) is extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). Drug-refractory symptomatic splenomegaly in MF is usually managed by splenectomy or involved-field radiotherapy. The latter is most effective in the treatment of MF-associated bone pain and pulmonary hypertension.Our previous experience with hepatosplenic radiotherapy in MF showed efficacy in the majority of treated patients but its utility was limited by the transient nature of its benefit and the occurrence of treatment-related pancytopenia. In an effort to address these issues,we have adopted an induction-maintenance treatment strategy that utilizes lower radiation doses-induction with 100 cGy total in four daily doses of 25 cGy and maintenance with either the same or lower intensity regimen. Herein, we report our most recent experience using this treatment plan in two cases, who in addition to their expected response from the standpoint of splenomegaly, also unexpectedly showed a marked response of their underlying accelerated phase disease,including clearance of circulating blasts and basophilia.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are recruited to the colorectum and contribute to immune activation during pathogenic SIV infection in rhesus macaques
Authors: Suefen Kwa, Sunil Kannanganat, Pragati Nigam, Mariam Siddiqui, Ravi Dyavar Shetty, Wendy Armstrong, Aftab Ansari, Steven E. Bosinger, Guido Silvestri, Rama Rao Amara
Journal: Blood (2011)
<i>NF1</i> Regulates a Ras-Dependent Vascular Smooth Muscle Proliferative Injury Response
Authors: Junwang Xu, Fraz A. Ismat, Tao Wang, Jifu Yang, Jonathan A. Epstein
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant disorder with a broad array of clinical manifestations, including benign and malignant tumors, osseous dysplasias, and characteristic cutaneous findings. In addition, NF1 patients have an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including obstructive vascular disorders. In animal models, endothelial expression of the disease gene, NF1, is critical for normal heart development. However, the pathogeneses of the more common vascular disorders are not well characterized.To examine the role of NF1 in vascular smooth muscle, we generated mice with homozygous loss of the murine homolog Nf1 in smooth muscle (Nf1smKO). These mice develop and breed normally. However, in response to vascular injury, they display a marked intimal hyperproliferation and abnormal activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, a downstream effector of Ras. Vascular smooth muscle cells cultured from these mice also display enhanced proliferation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Smooth muscle expression of the NF1 Ras-regulatory domain (GTPase activating protein-related domain) rescues intimal hyperplasia in Nf1smKO mice and normalizes vascular smooth muscle cell Ras effector activity and proliferation in vitro, similar to blockade of downstream effectors of Ras.In this in vivo model of NF1 obstructive vascular disease, we have shown that Nf1 regulation of Ras plays a critical role in vascular smooth muscle proliferation after injury. These results suggest opportunities for targeted therapeutics in the prevention and treatment of NF1-related vascular disease and in the treatment of neointimal proliferation in other settings.
Cortisone Therapy in Acute Rheumatic Carditis: Preliminary Observations
Authors: T. N. HARRIS, W. B. ABRAMS, T. F. P. LEO, J. P. HUBBARD
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Four patients with acute rheumatic carditis of moderate to severe degree were treated with cortisone. After a latent period of 5 to 15 days, there was fairly rapid subsidence in temperature, erytlhrocyte sedimentation rate and some other signs of inflammation. After cessation of the course of cortisone therapy, there was evidence of recrudescence of rheumatic activity in all four patients. In three of these the therapy was resumed, with quite unusually rapid decline in the fever and sedimentation rate. The cardiologic signs showed no improvement throughout the entire period of observation.
A SIMPLE DEVICE FOR IRRIGATION OF THE BLADDER.
Authors: HUGO EHRENFEST
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The inadequacy of a piston syringe for irrigation of the bladder is a generally appreciated fact. A few of the numerous models of bladder syringes will stand boiling, but they are all rather expensive and easily get out of order. So long as the piston fits tightly, the fluid unavoidably is injected in jerks and not in a continuous stream. In spite of these obvious disadvantages of the piston syringes they are recommended by the majority of text-book writers, because they permit an exact estimation of the amount of fluid injected into the bladder—a point of considerable practical importance. In actual practice, the piston syringe is frequently supplanted by the glass irrigator or the rubber fountain syringe. The glass irrigator, while it permits an exact mensuration of the injected fluid, is not easily sterilized. The fountain syringe can be boiled, but precludes the determination of the amount of fluid which
Quantifying Aortic Regurgitation by Using the Color Doppler–Imaged Vena Contracta
Authors: Masahiro Ishii, Michael Jones, Takahiro Shiota, Izumi Yamada, Russell S. Heinrich, Scott R. Holcomb, Ajit P. Yoganathan, David J. Sahn
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of determining aortic effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) and aortic regurgitant volume by using the color Doppler–imaged vena contracta (CDVC). Methods and Results Twenty-nine hemodynamically different states were obtained pharmacologically in eight sheep with surgically induced aortic regurgitation. Instantaneous regurgitant flow rates (RFRs) were obtained with aortic and pulmonary electromagnetic flowmeters (EFMs), and aortic EROAs were determined from EFM RFRs divided by continuous wave Doppler velocities. Color Doppler–derived EROAs were estimated by measuring the maximal diameters of the CDVC. Peak and mean RFRs and regurgitant volumes per beat were calculated from vena contracta area continuous wave diastolic Doppler velocity curves. Peak EFM-derived RFRs varied from 1.8 to 13.6 (6.3±3.2) L/min (range [mean±SD]), mean RFRs varied from 0.7 to 4.9 (2.7±1.3) L/min, regurgitant volumes per beat varied from 7.0 to 48.0 (26.9±12.2) mL/beat, and the regurgitant fractions varied from 23% to 78% (55±16%). EROAs determined by using CDVC measurements correlated well with reference EROAs obtained by using the EFM method ( r =.91, SEE=0.07 cm 2 ). Excellent correlations and agreements between peak and mean RFR and regurgitant volumes per beat as determined by Doppler echocardiography and EFM were also demonstrated ( r =.95 to .96). Conclusions Our study indicates that the CDVC method can be used to quantify both aortic EROAs and regurgitant flow rates.
Never say never again
Authors: R Coronel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Never say never again Get access R Coronel R Coronel Laboratorium voor Experimentele Cardiologie, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 11, November 1994, Page 1735, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.11.1735a Published: 01 November 1994
Effects of 21-aminosteroids in neonatal rat cardiac myocyte cell cultures exposed to free radicals
Authors: K. P Burton
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The aim was to test a group of 21-aminosteroids, U74006F, U75412E, and U74500E, known as lazaroids, for their ability to prevent alterations in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes exposed to solutions containing a xanthine oxidase mediated free radical generating system.Myocytes were either left untreated (non-treated cultures) or pretreated for 15 min with the drug vehicle or one of the lazaroids. Myocytes were either examined as non-exposed control cultures or exposed to the free radical generating system for 60 min. Measurement of [3H]arachidonate label in a lipid extract of the culture medium and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the medium were analysed.Myocytes not treated with lazaroids and vehicle treated myocytes exposed to free radicals showed a significant release of [3H]arachidonate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). At a dose 1 x 10(-5) M, all lazaroid treated myocytes showed significantly lower release of [3H]arachidonate measured in the total lipid extract compared to the non-treated or vehicle treated cultures. Release of [3H]arachidonate was significantly lower for the myocytes treated with U74006F and U74500E at 1 x 10(-6) M concentration. Only the U74006F treated myocytes showed protection at 1 x 10(7) M. LDH release was significantly attenuated at a dose of 1 x 10(-5) M for the U75412E treated myocytes and at 1 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-6) M for the U74500E treated myocytes compared to the myocytes not pretreated with a lazaroid and exposed to free radicals.Lazaroids provide protection against the release of [3H]arachidonate and LDH from myocardial cells exposed to free radical mediated injury. U74006F appeared to have the higher efficacy, at equal molar concentrations, in protecting against the release of [3H]arachidonate, whereas U74500E was observed to have the higher potency in inhibiting LDH release.
A quantitative study of membrane coating granules, in follicles undergoing experimental comedo formation
Authors: P.C. WOO-SAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Membrane coating granules (MCGs) may be required for normal keratinization. Comedone formation is associated with abnormal keratinization, and so the MCGs in sebaceous follicles were counted during experimental comedogenesis in the rabbit. During induced comedo formation with 50% oleic acid in paraffin oil, the numbers of MCGs decreased significantly; first, at the epidermis and mouth of the follicle and then later, at the follicular canal and common sebaceous duct. The maximum decrease of about 40% was reached by the 6th day in these regions. Throughout the treatment, the MCG count in the individual sebaceous ducts remained fairly constant.
My mother's name was Jan
Authors: K. Perrett
Journal: BMJ (2002)

My parents recently celebrated their golden wedding. Friends and family, including my parents' 10 grandchildren, gathered for a memorable party to toast 50 years of love and partnership.

The following week mum and dad went to Paris for a romantic holiday and had three lovely days strolling hand in hand in the sunshine. Early on the fourth morning mum collapsed from a massive subarachnoid haemorrhage. I was at the hospital in Paris by early evening and stayed six days until, after a series of battles, we brought mum home, still in a deep coma, by air ambulance.

The language barrier was our first major problem, just as it must be for so many of our patients in the NHS. The key doctors spoke excellent English, so we had clear medical information, but the nurses did not. My GCSE level French was enough to communicate only a few basics. It was not nearly enough to develop a rapport with the nurses in whom we had to entrust mum's care. Like the stroke …
Tc-99m MIBI Uptake Secondary to Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis in Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: MICHAEL D. RICHARD, CHAN H. PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Pulmonary uptake of Tc-99m MIBI In a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, diffuse scleroderma) Is described. Nonspecific alveolltls, active interstitial fibrosis pulmonary hypertension, and specific uptake by the fibroblasts In patients with PSS are possible mechanisms of Tc-99 MIBI uptake observed.
The Prevalence and Causes of Colonic Cancer
Authors: Ronald M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Ehrlich and co-workers<sup>1</sup>documented the presence of asbestos fibers in the malignant tissue of an asbestos worker with adenocarcinoma of the colon. This strongly suggests a causative role of asbestos in a neoplastic process distant from the original site of exposure (respiratory tract). The most likely mechanism would seem to be the coughing up and swallowing of mucus (or saliva) laden with asbestos fibers. This finding also offers a theoretical basis for the epidemiologic association between cigarette smoking and gastrointestinal tract disease. A number of studies have shown that cigarette smoking is significantly associated with the incidence of and mortality from peptic ulcer disease. There is also suggestive evidence that smoking retards the healing of peptic ulcers. Based on experimental and clinical studies, various effects of smoking on gastric, pancreatic, and duodenal physiology have been suggested as mechanisms by which smoking may cause these disorders.<sup>2,3</sup>
Value of immunologic tests in cow milk allergy
Authors: V.‐M. Tainio, E. Savilahti
Journal: Allergy (1990)

The aim of this study has been to clarify the immunopathogenesis and diagnosis of cow milk allergy (CMA). Thirty‐four children with symptoms suggestive of CMA had a challenge test with cow milk (CM) and an estimation of their immunological response. Nineteen of the 34 children reacted to CM challenge test. We measured serum levels of immunoglobulins G, A, M and E, complement fractions 3 and 4, class specific CM antibodies as well as the numbers of the different lymphocyte subsets and the responses of lymphocytes in whole blood to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concavalin A (ConA) and beta‐lactoglobulin (BLG). Twelve (63%) of the children who reacted had high levels of IgE CM‐specific antibodies; they had lower mean levels of serum IgA and lower lymphocyte stimulation indices with BLG and PHA than the rest of the children (37%) who reacted on CM, but were without IgE antibodies. Of these seven children, five gave elevated responses to stimulation with BLG, and in three of six the helper/ suppressor lymphocyte ratio rose during the challenge test. Most (10) of 15 children who showed no reaction when challenged with CM at hospital, had earlier had cutaneous symptoms closely related to CM formula feeding. No single laboratory method was sufficient to discriminate between the children who reacted to CM and those who did not. The best combination of tests was measurements of CM‐specific IgE and the index of lymphocyte stimulation with BLG. This combination had a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 67% for predicting a clinical reaction.
Effect of chemodenervation on the cerebral vascular and microvascular response to hypoxia.
Authors: M Anwar, I Kissen, H R Weiss
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

This study evaluated the effect of bilateral carotid chemodenervation on the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia in conscious rats. Cerebral blood flow was measured using 4-iodo[N-methyl-14C]antipyrine, and the total and perfused microvasculature was studied by injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran and alkaline phosphatase staining. To maintain constant PCO2, hypoxia was achieved in chemoreceptor-intact rats by the use of 4% CO2-8% O2-88% N2 and in chemodenervated rats by the administration of 8% O2-92% N2. Blood gas and hemodynamic parameters were similar in the two groups of rats. Chemodenervation had no significant effect on either resting blood flow or the perfused microvasculature during normoxia. A significant increase in cerebral blood flow (from 71 +/- 3 to 138 +/- 9 ml/min/100 g in control and from 91 +/- 5 to 127 +/- 7 ml/min/100 g in chemodenervated rats) and in the percent of cerebral arterioles and capillaries perfused occurred in both hypoxic control and chemodenervated rats. In chemoreceptor-intact rats, the greatest increase in blood flow and in perfused microvasculature occurred in caudal structures (medulla and pons) in comparison with rostral structures (cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus). In chemodenervated rats, a similar increase in blood flow and perfused microvasculature occurred in all brain regions, with no regional differences. Thus, chemodenervation did not affect the overall cerebral blood flow or the microvascular response to hypoxia; however, rostral-to-caudal regional differences in the hypoxic response were lost after chemodenervation.
Antibiotics: Natural products essential to human health
Authors: Arnold L. Demain
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

For more than 50 years, natural products have served us well in combating infectious bacteria and fungi. Microbial and plant secondary metabolites helped to double our life span during the 20th century, reduced pain and suffering, and revolutionized medicine. Most antibiotics are either (i) natural products of microorganisms, (ii) semi-synthetically produced from natural products, or (iii) chemically synthesized based on the structure of the natural products. Production of antibiotics began with penicillin in the late 1940s and proceeded with great success until the 1970-1980s when it became harder and harder to discover new and useful products. Furthermore, resistance development in pathogens became a major problem, which is still with us today. In addition, new pathogens are continually emerging and there are still bacteria that are not eliminated by any antibiotic, e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition to these problems, many of the major pharmaceutical companies have abandoned the antibiotic field, leaving much of the discovery efforts to small companies, new companies, and the biotechnology industries. Despite these problems, development of new antibiotics has continued, albeit at a much lower pace than in the last century. We have seen the (i) appearance of newly discovered antibiotics (e.g., candins), (ii) development of old but unutilized antibiotics (e.g., daptomycin), (iii) production of new semi-synthetic versions of old antibiotics (e.g., glycylcyclines, streptogrammins), as well as the (iv) very useful application of old but underutilized antibiotics (e.g., teicoplanin).
The faux, fake, forged, false, fabricated, and phony: Problems for the independence of similarity-based theories of concepts
Authors: Anne J. Jacobson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Some things in our environment are not what they seem, and they provide a challenge to theories of concepts that emphasize similarity. Section 1 of my commentary explores a dilemma this situation creates for Machery. Section 2 describes a more general problem for prototype and exemplar theories. Section 3 locates a place for similarity-based concepts, and indicates an alternative to Machery's thesis.