tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Remote, Real-time Computer System for Medical Research and Diagnosis.
Authors: James F. Dickson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965A Remote, Real-time Computer System for Medical Research and Diagnosis.James F. Dickson III, M.D., Lawrence Stark, M.D.James F. Dickson III, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Lawrence Stark, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-911_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the Electronic Systems Laboratory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology a digital computer system has been developed for real-time biomedical experimentation. Recently, it has been connected by telephone lines to three Boston hospitals and. the National Institutes of Health in the interest of facilitating the efforts of their investigators in medical research and diagnosis. Currently, the system is being used in the study of a variety of neurological control systems and for the computer diagnosis of clinical electrocardiograms. An important feature of this diagnostic system is teletype control of the computer at M.I.T. by the hospital investigators. This allows them... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 911-911KeywordsComputersComputing systemsElectrocardiographyResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Another cause of overdiagnosis: fear of litigation
Authors: S. J. Cornell
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Young children are at a higher risk of burns. This study was undertaken to investigate risk factors for burns in preschool children in Iraq. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective case–control study in 2008 involving children aged 0–5 years. Cases comprised hospital attenders with a burn injury occurring at home and controls comprised hospital admissions for other conditions, matched on age and sex. Analysis was undertaken using multiple logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> 248 cases and 248 controls recruited. 79% of cases were scalds, 17% contact and 4% flame injuries. Burns most commonly occurred in sitting rooms (53%) and the kitchen (36%) and were most commonly caused by tea utensils (42%) and kerosene stoves (36%). The adjusted ORs for risk factors for burns were 5.4 (95% CI 2.6 to 11.7, p=0.001) for poor living standard; 5.3 (95% CI 3.4 to 8.5, p=0.001) for child activity score; 2.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 5.2, p=0.02), for family history of burns; 1.32 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.70, p=0.04) for unit increase in presence of home hazards; 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.7, p=0.002) for presence of a second carer; and 0.14 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.60, p=0.008) for presence of disabilities. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Poverty, child activity, home hazards, family history and absence of a second carer are significant risk factors for childhood burns. Preventive interventions addressing poor families and focusing on home safety could be effective in reducing childhood burns.
Pneumonia Due to<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>
Authors: E. Russell Alexander, Hjordis M. Foy, George E. Kenny, Richard A. Kronmal, Ruth McMahan, Edmund R. Clarke, William A. MacColl, J. Thomas Grayston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN a previous study in Seattle Mycoplasma pneumoniae was demonstrated to be an important cause of respiratory-tract disease.1 In that study, patients with infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract were selected for study by clinic physicians as probably having a "nonbacterial" disease, and the patients were from a number of hospitals and clinics. Although these selection factors did not detract from the conclusion that M. pneumoniae was a significant respiratory pathogen in the Seattle community it did preclude an accurate measurement of the risk of respiratory disease from this cause in a discrete and representative population sample. In . . .
JAK2V617F homozygosity arises commonly and recurrently in PV and ET, but PV is characterized by expansion of a dominant homozygous subclone
Authors: Anna L. Godfrey, Edwin Chen, Francesca Pagano, Christina A. Ortmann, Yvonne Silber, Beatriz Bellosillo, Paola Guglielmelli, Claire N. Harrison, John T. Reilly, Frank Stegelmann, Fontanet Bijou, Eric Lippert, Mary F. McMullin, Jean-Michel Boiron, Konstanze Döhner, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Carlos Besses, Peter J. Campbell, Anthony R. Green
Journal: Blood (2012)
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Dry Eye Syndrome
Authors: Debra A. Schaumberg
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Context Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use is common in the United States.Some research suggests that estrogen may have detrimental effects on the tear film and could influence the development of dry eye syndrome, but few data are available on this relationship.Objective To determine the relationship of HRT and dry eye syndrome.Design, Setting, and Participants The Women's Health Study, a large cohort study in which 25665 postmenopausal women provided information about use of HRT at baseline (1992), 12, and 36 months and dry eye syndrome at 48 months. Main Outcome Measures(1) Clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome, as reported by participants; (2) severe symptoms (both ocular dryness and irritation either constantly or often); and (3) either clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome or severe symptoms, compared between women who used HRT vs those who did not. ResultsFor the combined end point of either clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome or severe symptoms, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios were 1.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-1.91)for estrogen use alone and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.13-1.48)for estrogen plus progesterone/progestin use compared with no HRT use.Each 3-year increase in the duration of HRT use was associated with a significant 15% (95% CI, 11%-19%) elevation in risk of clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome or severe symptoms.Results were similar for the combined end point of clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome and severe symptoms.Conclusions These data suggest that women who use HRT, particularly estrogen alone, are at increased risk of dry eye syndrome.Physicians caring for women who are taking or considering HRT should be apprised of this potential complication.
Injuries in high-skilled and low-skilled soccer: a prospective study.
Authors: T D Poulsen, K G Freund, F Madsen, K Sandvej
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

Fifty-five male soccer players organized in three teams, one high and two lower ranking, were followed prospectively during 1 year to register the rate, type and severity of injuries in highly skilled and low-skilled players. The injury rate of the low-skilled players was significantly higher than that of the better players. The reason for this is that low-skilled players play in more competitions. and this is where injuries tend to occur. When we stratified on game/practice, the low-skilled players' excess risk disappeared and no difference was found in the severity of injuries. Different ways of collecting data in epidemiological studies of soccer are discussed and it is concluded that the most precise and accurate collection of data can only be obtained by direct supervision and examination of soccer players in the field.
Diagnosis, treatment, and management of echinococcosis
Authors: D. P. McManus, D. J. Gray, W. Zhang, Y. Yang
Journal: BMJ (2012)

#### Summary points

Echinococcosis (hydatid disease) is caused by the larvae of dog and fox tapeworms (cestodes) of the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae).1 2 3 This zoonosis is characterised by long term growth of metacestode (hydatid) cysts in humans and mammalian intermediate hosts. The two major species that infect humans are E granulosus and E multilocularis , which cause cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). A few reported cases of polycystic echinococcosis in Central and South America are caused by E vogeli and E oligarthrus .2 w1 w2 The clinical potential of two other Echinococcus species ( E shiquicus and E felidis ) is unknown.1 2 

#### Sources and selection criteria

We obtained information from personal reference archives, personal experience, and extensive literature searches of the PubMed and Cochrane databases. We sourced English language papers that were fully published mainly between 2000 and March 2012 using appropriate index terms. …
Insulin gene region–encoded susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is not restricted to HLA–DR4–positive individuals
Authors: S.C. Bain, J.B. Prins, C.M. Hearne, N.R. Rodrigues, B.R. Rowe, L.E. Pritchard, R.J. Ritchie, J.R.S. Hall, D.E. Undlien, K.S. Ronningen, D.B. Dunger, A.H. Barnett, J.A. Todd
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Xerostomia Following Radiotherapy of the Head and Neck Affects Vocal Function
Authors: Jong-Lyel Roh, Ah-Young Kim, Moon June Cho
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To investigate whether xerostomia induced by wide-field radiotherapy (RT) of the head and neck affects vocal function.We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing 20 patients with early glottic cancer treated by limited RT of the larynx to 20 patients receiving wide-field RT of the primary tumor site and the lymphatic system of the entire head and neck, including the salivary glands. Salivary and vocal functions, as well as responses to questionnaires on xerostomia and quality of life were compared between groups. Twenty healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, and smoking status were included as controls.The wide-field RT patients showed high xerostomia-related symptom scores and significantly lower values of whole salivary flow rate compared to the limited RT and healthy patients (P < .001). Subjective vocal dysfunction and stroboscopic abnormality were observed in the wide-field RT group (P < .05), but acoustic or aerodynamic profiles showed no significant difference among groups (P > .05). Subjective and objective salivary gland hypofunction was significantly correlated to vocal dysfunction.Our results suggest that xerostomia following extensive RT of the head and neck can affect vocal function. In the treatment of head and neck malignancies, efforts to prevent post-RT xerostomia would be anticipated to contribute to the preservation of vocal function.
DOSAGE OF MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE
Authors: John W. Visher
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Bunten (The Journal, May 3) and Whitman (The Journal, June 14) reported salivation following the use of mercurochrome-220 soluble intravenously, and Guy (The Journal, June 28) reported stomatitis following its prolonged injection into a tuberculous sinus. Since these reports may cause many to hesitate to use this valuable drug when indicated, I wish to call attention to the fact that salivation occurred in most cases only after prolonged use of the drug in fairly large doses. Guy, for example, injected 15 c.c. of 1 per cent, solution into a tuberculous sinus for nineteen days (a total of 2.85 gm.) before salivation occurred. It has been my experience that smaller doses than those suggested by Young and Hill (The Journal, March 1) are often effective. In a series of three cases of epidemic encephalitis, two of which have been reported elsewhere (<i>Northwest Medicine</i>, June, 1924) very prompt recovery
Pulmonary involvement in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: R Rodriguez-Roisin, A Pares, M Bruguera, J Coll, C Picado, A Agusti-Vidal, F Burgos, J Rodes
Journal: Thorax (1981)

The association of pulmonary fibrosis and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) remains controversial. To determine the frequency of pulmonary fibrosis in PBC, a carefully selected series of 14 PBC patients, seven patients with Sicca complex, and 14 control subjects have been studied. Seven of the 14 patients with PBC had Sjögren9s syndrome, four of whom had some clinical evidence of pulmonary disease. Evaluation of ventilatory capacity, gas transfer factor, arterial blood gases, and lung mechanics were performed. Gas transfer was reduced in patients with PBC associated with Sjögen9s syndrome and in patients with the Sicca complex. These results suggest that the respiratory, clinical, ad functional abnormalities found in PBC are related to the presence of an associated Sjögen9s syndrome.
Carbon monoxide transfer coefficient KCO (TL/VA): a flawed index L
Authors: J.E. Cotes, J.M.B. Hughes, N.B. Pride
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

To the Editor: 

In their recent “Perspective”, Hughes and Pride 1 described the carbon monoxide (CO) transfer factor ( T L,CO) as the product of two primary measurements: alveolar volume ( V A) and CO transfer coefficient K CO ( T L/ V A). V A is primary in that it has a physiological identity. However, Forster 2 has pointed out that in the context of the measurement of transfer factor, the volume is merely that of the gas exchanger; it has no more physiological significance than can be attached to the volume ( V A+ V bag) that is used for the rebreathing method. Forster 2 also warned against interpreting K CO as a separate index. Its status as a primary index would have been different if Krogh 3 had been right in her belief …
Abstract LB-8: A novel function of Vps34 in regulation of cell proliferation
Authors: Hang Su, Kevin Mc Henry, Teng Xu, Zhi-Min Yuan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Many new insights into the biology of class III PI3Kinase have recently been reported. Most of these studies, however, used mainly transformed cells. It is unclear whether class III PI3Kinase works similarly in non-transformed mammalian cells. We explored this by depleting two non-transformed human epithelial cell lines of Vps34, the catalytic subunit of the lipid kinase using shRNA. Interestingly, in a stark contrast to transformed cells where depletion of Vps34 was associated with decreased growth, Vps34 deficiency in non-transformed cells resulted in a marked increase in cell proliferation. The deregulated autophagy function and E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts found in Vps34-depleted cells appeared to be not involved in cell growth regulation as neither silence of Atg7 expression nor inactivation of E-cadherin had any effect on cell proliferation. Reporter luciferase-based ten-pathway screens suggested an altered activity of the MAPK pathway. Indeed, biochemical analysis indicated a sustained ERK activation resulting from the impediment of endosome-mediated EGFR turnover in Vps34 deficient cells. A contribution of the endosomal pathway to Vps34-mediated regulation of cell proliferation was further confirmed by using Rab5 and Rab11 mutants that perturbed early and recycling endosomes, respectively. Importantly, inactivation of Vps34 compromised the cellular barrier against oncogene-mediated transformation, as demonstrated by the increased susceptibility of Vps34 depleted cells to Ras-induced colony formation in vitro and tumor development in mice. Our data collectively uncover a novel role for the class III PI3Kinase-endosomal pathway in regulation of cell proliferation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-8. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-8
More on Treating Diabetics
Authors: Anthony Sindoni
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We wish to comment on an answer to the question asked by a North Carolina physician which appeared in Questions and Answers, (<i>JAMA</i><b>177</b>:278 [July 29] 1961). In that the incidence of diabetes mellitus, with its many serious vascular implications, is on the increase, we believe the answer for the general physician should be more comprehensive. Since we first advocated fasting and postprandial blood sugar studies in patients on insulin and those patients without insulin therapy, (<i>JAMA</i><b>112</b>:2503 [June 17], ibid., p. 2595 [June 24] 1939;<i>Amer J Dig Dis</i><b>13</b>:178 [June] 1946; ibid.,<b>20</b>:157 [June] 1953), our answer to the question would be to: (1) place the patient upon an adequate diet compatible with his way of life; (2) subject the patient to a thorough laboratory and physical examination to aid in detecting any disturbance which may play a role in the
Abstract 3981: miR-708 induces apoptosis and suppresses tumorigenicity in renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Sharanjot Saini, Soichiro Yamamura, Shahana Majid, Varahram Shahryari, Guoren Deng, Hiroshi Hirata, Koji Ueno, Inik Chang, Yuichiro Tanaka, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute an evolutionarily conserved class of small non-coding RNAs that primarily regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level via sequence-specific interaction with the 3’-untranslated regions of cognate mRNA targets. Recent evidence indicates that dysregulated miRNA expression leads to tumorigenesis and miRNAs have been implicated to function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. The main objective of the present study was to identify miRNA genes that regulate renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Towards this, we performed microRNA expression profiling in normal immortalized renal cell line (HK2) and primary renal cancer cell lines (A498 and Caki2) and identified that miR-708 expression is significantly attenuated in renal cancer cell lines. This attenuation was validated by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analysis of miR-708 in RCC tissue specimens. Further, trichostatin A, a pharmacological inhibitor of histone deacetylases, strongly increased miR-708 levels in cell lines from renal cancer suggesting that epigenetic silencing may lead to miR-708 downregulation in RCC. To evaluate the functional significance of decreased miR-708 expression, miR-708 was reintroduced in renal cancer cell lines followed by functional assays. Overexpression of miR-708 in the A498 cell line leads to significant decreases in cell growth, clonability, invasiveness and migratory properties. Importantly, miR-708 reexpression leads to dramatic induction of apoptosis in A498 cells suggesting that restoration of miR-708 expression in A498 cells suppressed tumorigenecity in vitro by primarily affecting the apoptotic program. In vivo, intratumoral delivery of miR-708 led to a regression of tumor growth in established renal tumor xenografts. Further, analysis of putative miR-708 targets showed that miR-708 targets survivin/BIRC5, a small inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein that plays a pivotal role in renal cancer progression. In conclusion, our data suggests a crucial tumor suppressive role for miR-708 in RCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3981. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3981
HYPERTHYROIDOSIS OF INTESTINAL ORIGIN
Authors: J. C. HEMMETER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The pathogenesis and disarrangement of the internal secretions and defective coordination between these secretions and the nervous system which constitute hyperthyroidism or, when they are in an extreme state, Basedow's disease, are still veiled in obscurity. Whatever the internal disarrangement of a chemical or neurogenic nature may be, it constitutes, for the present, one of the mysterious problems of pharmacology, as well as of physiology and pathology. When Basedow first published the symptom-complex in 1840, which has since retained his name, he described three classical signs as characteristic of this condition: first, exophthalmos; second, enlargement of the thyroid, and third, tachycardia. At present we could probably safely add two more frequent conditions. These are muscular tremors and disturbances of the gastro-intestinal tract, particularly diarrhea. The diarrhea has since then always been regarded as a consequence of Basedow's disease and I fail to notice in literature that anyone has reported diarrhea,
MUCOCELE AND EMPYEMA OF THE ETHMOIDAL CELLS AND SPHENOIDAL SINUSES.CAUSING DISPLACEMENT OF THE EYEBALL.0—THEIR OPERATION FROM THE ORBIT. Abridged from a Paper Read before the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association at Milwaukee.
Authors: HERMANN KNAPP
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The liquid which distends the accessory cavities of the nose may be serous, mucous and purulent. My remarks will be confined to the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses which form a group themselves, though their affections frequently extend to the neighboring cavities and vice versa. Only one sample of serous exudation has come to my notice, and that was not from my own practice, but from Dr. Robert Abbe's, who, April 8, 1893, was kind enough to send the patient to my clinic for an opinion, to invite me to the operation and permit me to use the case and his notes for this paper. <i>Case 1</i>.—<i>Distension of all the accessory cavities of the nose byt a sero-hemorrhagic exudation with cholesterin</i>. The patient, a girl of 16 years, had some trouble with her sight when in school. Always had headaches. Intellect clear. Three years ago first noticed fullness on her eyes
Development of atopic dermatitis according to age of onset and association with early-life exposures
Authors: Caroline Roduit, Remo Frei, Georg Loss, Gisela Büchele, Juliane Weber, Martin Depner, Susanne Loeliger, Marie-Laure Dalphin, Marjut Roponen, Anne Hyvärinen, Josef Riedler, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Juha Pekkanen, Erika von Mutius, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Roger Lauener
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
TennCare--health system reform for Tennessee
Authors: D. M. Mirvis
Journal: JAMA (1995)

TennCare, the health care system reform plan implemented in Tennessee on January 1, 1994, was developed with the dual objectives of controlling the rapidly rising cost of the state's Medicaid program and extending health insurance coverage to most Tennesseans without access to employer-sponsored or other government-sponsored health insurance. Beneficiaries enroll in competing, state-chartered managed care organizations that are responsible for providing broad preventive, inpatient, and outpatient services and are reimbursed by the state on a capitation basis at a rate based on a statewide global budget for health care. The program initially proposed to enroll up to 1,775,000 citizens and was projected to result in a cumulative cost savings to Tennessee and the federal government of $7.2 billion by the end of the 5-year demonstration period. However, major start-up problems encountered by the state and by managed care organizations and limitations imposed by the government have significantly constrained these expectations. At the end of its first year, more than 1.2 million citizens were enrolled, but the program incurred a $99 million deficit. Managed care organizations and hospitals have reported major financial problems, and constituency groups--especially those representing physicians--have attempted to block the program. Our objective is to describe the design and rationale of TennCare and discuss key issues the plan continues to face that may affect its long-term success.