tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Corticotropin releasing hormone in colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Authors: Y Kawahito, H Sano, S Mukai, K Asai, S Kimura, Y Yamamura, H Kato, G P Chrousos, R L Wilder, M Kondo
Journal: Gut (1995)

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is a key hormone in integrated response to stress, acting as the major regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Recently, local production of CRH has been detected in normal human colonic enterochromaffin cells. CRH is locally secreted in granulomatous and arthritic tissues in rats and humans, where it seems to act as a local proinflammatory agent. To find out if CRH is present in colonic tissues of patients with ulcerative colitis, this study examined the expression of this peptide in the large bowel of patients with ulcerative colitis. Colonic tissues of patients with ulcerative colitis obtained by endoscopic biopsy were immunostained with anti-CRH antibody. CRH messenger (m) RNA was also examined in biopsy specimens of ulcerative colitis by the reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction method and by in situ hybridisation. Considerably enhanced expression of immunoreactive CRH was found in mucosal inflammatory cells. Intense staining with anti-CRH antibody was also shown in mucosal macrophages. CRH mRNA was expressed in mucosal epithelial cells. The expression of immunoreactive CRH in colonic mucosal epithelial cells of ulcerative colitis slightly increased, but not significantly, compared with normal colonic mucosal epithelial cells. These results suggest that CRH may play a part in the modulation of intestinal immune and inflammatory system, and as a modulator in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
As Farmworkers Help Keep America Healthy, Illness May Be Their Harvest
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

AMERICANS LIVE better than anyone else on earth, it's often said, and that good living includes the agricultural bounty the land affords. But the 3 to 5 million men, women, and children—also almost all Americans—who plant and cultivate and pick this country's fruits and vegetables don't live well. Like the populations of Third World nations, the migrant farmworkers survive. At the recent 12th annual National Migrant Health Conference, held in Indianapolis, Ind, the professionals who help some of them do so discussed the several accomplishments and many continuing problems of the federally funded Migrant Health Program, which began in 1962. Participants in the conference were the physicians, nurses, dentists, social workers, and administrators associated with the 600 community health centers and 120 migrant health centers that care for an estimated half million migrants and other rural and farmworkers each year. These patients are only about 17% of those who need
Serum Creatinine and Renal Function in the Elderly-Reply
Authors: Ray W. Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  The point made by Drs Hering and Carlson is well taken. In my attempt to be brief, I did not go into all the ramifications and implications of the serum creatinine level as a measure of renal function. The nomogram that they supply is useful, especially when the serum creatinine level is at the upper range of normal. However, the regimens described in my article would not have to be modified until the serum creatinine level is definitely above the normal range, even in elderly patients who would have lower creatinine clearances than young patients for any given level of serum creatinine. I do not believe that Drs Hering and Carlson are suggesting that clearances should be done for all elderly hypertensive patients.
Geographic miss is not associated with restenosis or the edge phenomenon in the INHIBIT trial
Authors: Costantino O. Costantini, Alexandra J. Lansky, Kartik Desai, Roxana Mehran, Kazuyuki Shirai, Ecatarina Cristea, Horia Marginean, George Dangas, Gregg W. Stone, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Avian flu pandemic could be brought under control in three weeks
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

An avian influenza pandemic could be prevented but only with swift and targeted intervention at an early stage, say two research papers published online on 3 August in the journals Nature and Science (http://www.nature.com/, doi: 10.1038/nature04017 and http://www.sciencemag.org/, doi: 10.1126/science.1115717).

Both studies assumed that each person infected would transmit the disease to fewer than two people. Although H5N1 avian flu has very low virulence, no one can predict the reproduction number of any future flu pandemic strain as it could recombine with an existing highly virulent human flu strain. Assuming a reproduction number of less than two, however, both models predict that an outbreak …
Abnormal insulin molecules: an alternative cause of diabetes?
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1984)

"Diabetes i^iabetes is a heterogeneous group of disorders. It's already quite clear that we cannot diagnose it as one condition, but clearly there are multiple factors and causes which all can give rise to the common end point of hyperglycemia." So says Arthur H. Rubenstein, MD, Lowell T. Coggeshall Professor of Medical Sciences and chair of medicine at the University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Medicine, who spoke at the AMA's recent Third Annual Conference for Science Writers in Chicago. According to Rubenstein, the present characterization of diabetes into type I and type II is too simplistic: "We now are beginning to dissect out numerous causes." <h3>"We now are beginning to dissect out numerous causes."</h3> Besides autoimmunity or insulin resistance, possible causes suggested by work in the past two or three years include abnormal insulins and insulin precursors, circulating antibodies that bind insulin, and circulating antagonists that impair the action
Two Cases of Furuncular Acne in which the Urine Contained an Inordinate Quantity of Urea, 'Azoturia.'
Authors: T. Balman
Journal: BMJ (1866)

forty-two ounces of water, at 118°.During the in- jection, the pulse became perceptible, the tempera- ture rose to 98°, the pain over the heart and the dyspncea somewhat diminished; but the relief was much less than I had hoped for, and I suggested that probably a clot had formed in the right side of the heart.She vomited several times after the in- jeetion.No more medicine was given; and there was no action of the bowels from the time of her ad- mission until her death, which occurred at 4 A.M. on the following day-i.e., ten hours after her admis- sion.Shortly before her death, there had been some appearance of improvement in her condition; and, on examination post mortem, there was evidence that reaction had just commenced.The evidence was great engorgement of the lungs, such as we have not seen in any case after death in the stage of collapse; * This case is one so exactly similar as regards the local cutaneous affection to that I lave just related, that it is needlesso to dwUell upon this feature of it.
Punishment by process
Authors: Andrew Spencer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

On Monday 1 March I tore open a white envelope, anxious to devour the contents. The envelope bore the distinctive insignia of the General Medical Council. I was soon to discover whether I would be facing a public hearing.

Back in 1989 I had agreed to be the local coordinator for a multicentre randomised controlled trial of negative pressure support for preterm infants with respiratory distress, to reduce the number of babies developing serious chronic lung disease. During the study, which ran to August 1993, I had no cause for concern about any aspect of the trial. The results were published in Pediatrics in December 1996.

The complaints started in August 1994. Initially these were dealt with by discussion with concerned parents and written responses through the hospital's complaint procedure. But then a campaign was launched in the local press in 1997 inviting parents who had children in the trial to contact a local solicitor. Complaints were sent to a wide range of bodies, including the police, coroner's office, health department, and the health authority. Attempts to answer complaints …
Routine Roentgenographic Examinations
Authors: I. E. Kirsh
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor:—  Some physicians don't seem to distinguish between roentgenographic tests done in hospitals because they are clinically indicated and those done as a survey procedure.  In our hospital (and, I believe, in quite a few others) it became customary to obtain a routine barium enema on every patient who is to have an operation for inguinal hernia. The rationale given was that some surgeons believed that neoplasm of the colon may lead to the development of inguinal hernia, and therefore, such a survey was worth doing. I know of no reference in the medical literature to any study showing how often carcinoma of the colon was found in this way.  My colleague, Dr. Thomas Brendel, and I looked into this by checking the records at Hines Veterans Administration Hospital of all patients having a herniorrhaphy in 1966. There were 312 patients in this group. They all had a
A phase 2a trial of 12-week interferon-free therapy with two direct-acting antivirals (ABT-450/r, ABT-072) and ribavirin in IL28B C/C patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1
Authors: Eric Lawitz, Fred Poordad, Kris V. Kowdley, Daniel E. Cohen, Thomas Podsadecki, Sara Siggelkow, Lois Larsen, Rajeev Menon, Gennadiy Koev, Rakesh Tripathi, Tami Pilot-Matias, Barry Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns
Authors: Gloria Frankl
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to the article by Tabár and Dean and the editorial by Moskowitz, I wish to report some conflicting results. The mammographic parenchymal pattern has been in use at the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Center in Los Angeles for several years. Much data have been gathered on a large, mixed population of symptomatic and asymptomatic women. The Table explains our results regarding the parenchymal pattern. More than twice as many of the cancers in the prevalent population were found in the high-risk breast groups (P2 and DY pattern groups). Perhaps even more convincing in regards to the validity of mammographic parenchymal pattern as a risk indicator is the result that 80% of our incident cancers occurred in women who had been previously designated high risk, ie, P2 and DY. If we consider the age of the patients with breast cancer in conjunction with the assigned parenchymal pattern, as
Roles of lead-binding proteins in mediating lead bioavailability.
Authors: B A Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The intracellular bioavailability of lead (Pb) at low dosage levels in major target organs such as the kidney and brain appears to be largely determined by complexation with a group of low molecular weight proteins. These proteins are rich in aspartic and glutamic dicarboxyl amino acids. The proteins are chemically similar but not identical across all species examined to date and the brain protein appears to be different from that found in the kidney. These proteins possess dissociation constant values for Pb on the order of 10(-8) M and appear to normally bind zinc. In rats, these proteins attenuate the Pb inhibition of the heme pathway enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by a mechanism involving both Pb chelation and zinc donation to this highly Pb-sensitive zinc-dependent enzyme. Other studies in rats have shown that the kidney protein facilitates the intranuclear movement of Pb in vitro followed by chromatin binding, suggesting that this protein may be involved in alterations of the pathognomonic Pb intranuclear inclusion bodies in renal gene expression associated with the mitogenic effects of Pb in the kidney.
Hormesis: A Conversation with a Critic
Authors: Edward J. Calabrese
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

ObjectiveIn this commentary I respond to points raised in the commentary by Mushak [Ad hoc and fast forward: the science and control of hormesis growth and development. Environ Health Perspect 117:1333–1338 (2009)], which principally concerns studies by me and my colleagues concerning the frequency of hormesis in toxicology.DiscussionIn this commentary I demonstrate that Mushak's analysis contains critical statistical errors and misunderstandings of statistical concepts that invalidate its conclusions concerning the frequency of hormesis in the toxicologic literature.ConclusionsIn his commentary Mushak offers no significant new conceptual insights, and his key technical criticisms of hormesis frequency findings are unfounded.
Measuring breathlessness during histamine challenge: a simple standardized procedure in asthmatic patients
Authors: I.D. Bijl-Hofland, S.G.M. Cloosterman, H.tH.m Folgering, R.p Akkermans, H van den Hoogen, C.p van Schayck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

One of the problems in research on symptom perception during histamine challenge has been the difficulty in finding both a valid and practical parameter of the "perceptiveness" for bronchoconstriction in a subject. The purpose of this study was to validate whether the slope in the linear regression model between stimulus and sensation during histamine challenge is an appropriate index for the "perceptiveness" for bronchoconstriction by comparing it with the classical Stevens' law. One hundred and thirty-four asthmatic patients were included in the study and underwent a bronchial challenge with histamine. The relationship between the change in visual analogue scale (VAS) values and the change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) as percentage of baseline value was analysed by determining both the exponent n in deltaVAS=k x (%deltaFEV1)n and the slope alpha in deltaVAS=k + alpha(%deltaFEV1). The best-fitting line of both the exponential and the linear regression model were determined by the least-squares method in which the percentage explained variation (R2) was compared. The median value of R2 of the exponential regression line and the linear regression line was 0.76 and 0.83, respectively, and significantly different. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between exponent n in the exponential model deltaVAS=k x (%deltaFEV1)n and the slope alpha in the linear regression model deltaVAS=k + alpha(%deltaFEV1) was 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.83-0.91). On the basis of the results, it was concluded that the linear regression coefficient can be used as a valid expression to describe the "perceptiveness" of an asthmatic subject instead of Stevens' power function during histamine challenge.
Antenatal Glucocorticoids Prior to Cesarean Delivery at Term
Authors: Catherine E. M. Aiken, Abigail L. Fowden, Gordon C. S. Smith
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Serum cholesterol esterifying and cholesteryl ester hydrolyzing activities in liver diseases: relationships to cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile salt concentrations
Authors: Don P. Jones, Freddy R. Sosa, Jack Shartsis, Praful T. Shah, Eileen Skromak, William T. Beher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Patients with acute hepatitis and chronic alcoholic liver disease had decreased net serum cholesterol esterifying activity (CEA) which correlated positively with the percentages and concentrations of cholesteryl esters in their serum. These cholesterol parameters also correlated negatively with serum bilirubin concentrations, but bilirubin added to sera in vitro failed to influence CEA. The decreased net CEA in the patients was not due to its inhibition by serum bile salts. The sera from five patients catalyzed a net hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters rather than a net esterification of free cholesterol. Since serum cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity may also have been present in the patients with decreased CEA, net CEA cannot be equated with the activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) in patients with liver disease. The relative contributions of LCAT and cholesteryl ester hydrolase activities to CEA in disease states remain to be evaluated by mutually independent assays. Nevertheless, the correlations found between net CEA and the concentrations and percentages of cholesteryl esters support the concepts that serum cholesterol esterifying activity is physiologically important in the formation of serum cholesteryl esters and that decreased CEA is one mechanism for the decreased level of cholesteryl esters seen in patients with liver diseases.
Dutasteride Prior to Contrast-Enhanced Colour Doppler Ultrasound Prostate Biopsy Increases Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Michael Mitterberger, Germar Pinggera, Wolfgang Horninger, Hannes Strasser, Ethan Halpern, Leo Pallwein, Johann Gradl, Georg Bartsch, Ferdinand Frauscher
Journal: European Urology (2007)
An Unusual Reaction to Chloroquine-Primaquine
Authors: Charles T. Thornsvard
Journal: JAMA (1976)

TWO DAYS after taking one chloroquine phosphate (300-mg base)-primaquine phosphate (45-mg base) malaria prophylaxis tablet, a woman noted that her urine was red. Without a history of prophyria cutanea tarda, the patient's symptoms and red urine might readily be attributed to primaquine-induced hemolysis in a glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficient individual.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 39-year-old woman preparing to accompany her husband to Southeast Asia was advised to begin taking weekly chloroquine-primaquine malaria prophylaxis tablets while still in the United States. The first tablet was taken on Aug 26, 1974, without any immediate reaction, but the next day she began having vague abdominal discomfort, nausea, weakness, and myalgias. On Aug 28, she first noted that her urine was red. She was referred to the Hematology Service at Walter Reed. The patient's medical history was noteworthy because increased skin fragility, blistering of exposed skin, and occasional elaboration of red urine developed when
ETIOLOGY AND PROPHYLAXIS OF DIPHTHERIA.
Authors: B. BECKER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The Eighth International Congress of Hygiene and Demography, held at Buda-Pesth September 2 to 8, 1894, can be considered as one of the most remarkable and important reunions of representatives of the medical sciences from all countries during the latest times. This can be judged from the reports so far published. One of the most important proceedings of the Congress was the discussion on the etiology and prophylaxis of diphtheria, which may be shortly related in the following: Löffler, from Greifswald in Germany, says that diphtheria is produced by a specific bacillus, whose importance is not doubted any more by anybody. As diphtheria we can consider that affection only which is produced by the Löffler bacillus, excluding all similar affections which are caused by other microörganisms. In fact, we often find diseases of the upper air passages, which give the same picture as genuine diphtheria, but which are caused by
The Red-Light Treatment of Smallpox.
Authors: H. G. Piffard.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

New York City, Feb. 15, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your editorial comment (February 11, page 477) on the so-called red-light treatment of smallpox is eminently sound and just. In Dr. Schamberg's original article he stated that he used "ruby-colored" glass, but failed to state that he had tested the same for actinism either spectroscopically or photographically. The old style of genuine pot-metal ruby is, I believe, no longer to be found in trade—at least I have not succeeded in getting any, even from sources that supplied me some years ago. All of the so-called ruby glass that I have examined admits an abundance of actinic light, running up even to the blue of the spectrum. The negative experiences of Dr. Schamberg, therefore, have no weight with me and I much prefer to rely on the positive evidence afforded by Finsen and others. The idea, however, of excluding light in the
SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA WITH THE CUTANEOUS REFLEX OF DEFENSE OCCURRING IN POTT'S DISEASE
Authors: EDWARD MURRAY AUER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Spastic paraplegia is resultant on any impairment of conductivity of the chief motor tracts in the spinal cord. This impairment of conductivity may be due either to intramedullary changes, as, for example, primary degeneration of the pyramidal tracts, or to extramedullary causes, such as a tumor pressing on the spinal cord. These conditions and their treatment are so different that an early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and prognosis. In 1899, Babinski<sup>1</sup>described a form of spastic paraplegia due to an organic lesion but without degeneration of the pyramidal tract. The chief characteristic of this form of spastic paraplegia was a contracture of the limbs in flexion, the tendon reflexes being usually not exaggerated and often diminished, while the cutaneous reflexes, on the other hand, were so markedly increased that irritation of the skin on the paralyzed side would cause defensive movements of rapid withdrawal in flexion of
Idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the penis
Authors: T. Lucke, M. Fallowfield, P. Mchenry
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the penis Get access T. Lucke, T. Lucke Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Fallowfield, M. Fallowfield Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Mchenry P. Mchenry Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 6, 1 December 1997, Pages 1025–1026, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01581.x Published: 01 December 1997
THE PROPHYLAXIS OF PLAGUE.
Authors: J. J. KINYOUN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The<i>sine qua non</i>in plague prophylaxis is the diagnosis. This is not so easy a matter as some are led to believe. The many forms which plague infection may assume, taken together with its insidious character, the inexperience of the medical profession of a given place, may render its recognition extremely difficult, even notwithstanding the fact that accurate methods of examination can, with certainty, be relied on to detect it. The chief difficulty, however, which confronts one is that it may be so easily diagnosed as one of certain diseases of local origin, which it may so closely resemble, that it is an easy matter to overlook it. If the first cases were of the frank type—the bubonic—the task would be made easy. As a rule, this does not occur, and the ease in recognizing them as advocated by some is more a theory than a condition. The clinical