tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activity and Pneumococcal Disease in Infants: A Time Series Analysis of US Hospitalization Data
Authors: Daniel M. Weinberger, Keith P. Klugman, Claudia A. Steiner, Lone Simonsen, Cécile Viboud
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Background The importance of bacterial infections following respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains unclear. We evaluated whether variations in RSV epidemic timing and magnitude are associated with variations in pneumococcal disease epidemics and whether changes in pneumococcal disease following the introduction of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) were associated with changes in the rate of hospitalizations coded as RSV. Methods and Findings We used data from the State Inpatient Databases (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality), including >700,000 RSV hospitalizations and >16,000 pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations in 36 states (1992/1993–2008/2009). Harmonic regression was used to estimate the timing of the average seasonal peak of RSV, pneumococcal pneumonia, and pneumococcal septicemia. We then estimated the association between the incidence of pneumococcal disease in children and the activity of RSV and influenza (where there is a well-established association) using Poisson regression models that controlled for shared seasonal variations. Finally, we estimated changes in the rate of hospitalizations coded as RSV following the introduction of PCV7. RSV and pneumococcal pneumonia shared a distinctive spatiotemporal pattern (correlation of peak timing: ρ = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.84). RSV was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia in children aged <1 y (attributable percent [AP]: 20.3%, 95% CI: 17.4%, 25.1%) and among children aged 1–2 y (AP: 10.1%, 95% CI: 7.6%, 13.9%). Influenza was also associated with an increase in pneumococcal pneumonia among children aged 1–2 y (AP: 3.2%, 95% CI: 1.7%, 4.7%). Finally, we observed a significant decline in RSV-coded hospitalizations in children aged <1 y following PCV7 introduction (−18.0%, 95% CI: −22.6%, −13.1%, for 2004/2005–2008/2009 versus 1997/1998–1999/2000). This study used aggregated hospitalization data, and studies with individual-level, laboratory-confirmed data could help to confirm these findings. Conclusions These analyses provide evidence for an interaction between RSV and pneumococcal pneumonia. Future work should evaluate whether treatment for secondary bacterial infections could be considered for pneumonia cases even if a child tests positive for RSV. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Conclusions not supported by methods and results
Authors: G. Giacovelli, L. C. Rovati
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Wandel and colleagues produced another meta-analysis of glucosamine in osteoarthritis without new evidence when more comprehensive ones showed that the quality controlled product of glucosamine sulphate for prescription is effective.1 2 3 4

Their statistical methods are so complex that many are mystified by whether the conclusions make sense.5 Indeed, we verified that a conventional approach gives identical results to their network meta-analysis …
ABC of clinical haematology: Multiple myeloma and related conditions
Authors: C. R J Singer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The plasma cell dyscrasias represent a heterogeneous group of conditions characterised by disordered proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells, most of which produce monoclonal immunoglobulin (M protein or paraprotein) in the serum or urine.The clinical phenotype is determined by the rate of accumulation and the biological properties of the abnormal cells and the monoclonal protein. Multiple myelomaThe incidence of myeloma is about 4 per 100 000 in Britain.It is more than twice as high in African Americans as in white Americans and Europeans, although it is much lower among Chinese and Japanese Asians.Myeloma is extremely rare in people aged under 40 years, but its incidence increases to over 30 per 100 000 in those aged over 80.The median age at diagnosis is 69 years, with slight male predominance. Pathogenesis and clinical featuresMyeloma is due to unregulated, progressive proliferation of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells that accumulate in the marrow, leading to anaemia and marrow failure.The cell of origin is probably a memory B lymphocyte, and neoplastic cells home to the bone marrow, where the environment rich in interleukin 6 stimulates proliferation of plasma cells.Myeloma cells produce and secrete a monoclonal protein, usually intact immunoglobulin.IgG paraprotein is present in 60% of cases and IgA in 20-25%, and in 15-20% of cases free immunoglobulin light chains alone are produced.Myelomas whose cells secrete IgD, two clonal proteins, IgM, or no protein are rare.Free light chains are detectable in urine as Bence Jones protein.Accumulation of M protein may lead to hyperviscosity (especially IgA and IgM polymers) or deposition of the protein in renal tubules, resulting in renal failure.Production of normal immunoglobulin is often depressed (immune paresis) and contributes to the patient's susceptibility to infection.Bone destruction is characteristic, and the associated bone pain a major cause of morbidity in myeloma.Myeloma is associated with abnormal bone remodelling due to increased osteoclastic bone resorption and inhibition of osteoblastic bone formation.This results in pronounced bone loss and the characteristic osteolytic lesions predisposing to pathological fractures.Widespread bone destruction may lead to hypercalcaemia, resulting in a vicious cycle of dehydration, worsening hypercalcaemia, and renal failure.The most common presenting complaint is bone pain, commonly affecting the back.Symptoms of anaemia, renal failure, or infection are also frequent.Less common are symptoms of hyperviscosity (impaired central nervous system, impaired vision, purpura, and haemorrhage), acute hypercalcaemia, spinal cord compression, neuropathy, or amyloidosis.About 20% of patients are asymptomatic, and diagnosis results from routine investigations.
Adrenergic Neurohumoral Influences on Circulation and Lipolysis in Canine Omental Adipose Tissue
Authors: KATHRYN BALLARD, SUNE ROSELL
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Vascular resistance, capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) and changes in blood volume were determined in canine omental adipose tissue. Release of glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. Basal values in acutely denervated tissue for blood flow and CFC were 11 ml/min/100 g (range 4 to 26, N = 36) and 0.05 ml/min/100 g/mm Hg (range 0.018 to 0.090, N = 38), respectively. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves (1 to 9 Hz) caused initial vasoconstriction, maintained for 1 to 3 minutes. At lower frequencies (1 to 3Hz), the blood flow increased gradually after the initial decrease. At higher frequencies, the constriction often reverted to vasodilatation. The CFC was not changed or increased initially. The clearance rate of locally injected 125 I decreased in spite of a constant blood flow and blood volume was reduced initially. After α-receptor blockade, nerve stimulation caused vasodilatation, which in turn was inhibited by β-receptor blockade. Infusion of norepinephrine produced a pattern of vascular and lipolytic responses similar to those evoked by nerve stimulation. The release of glycerol and FFA was increased by nerve stimulation and by norepinephrine. The lipolytic response was inhibited by β-receptor blockade. It is concluded that sympathetic nerves are physiologically important for the regulation of vascular reactions and control of lipid metabolism in omental adipose tissue. Whether this is also the case for circulating catecholamines remains to be established.
The Clinical Use of Antilymphocyte Globulin
Authors: John S. Najarian, Richard L. Simmons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE production of heterologous antiserum to lymphocytes is not new.1 In 1898 Metchnikoff showed that guinea-pig antiserum prepared against rabbit or rat lymphoid cells agglutinated and killed the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the donor.2 Other workers3,4 noted that this serum interfered with the ameboid movement of rat white cells both in vivo and in vitro. In subsequent studies, injection of heterologous antilymphoid serum into the donor species produced lymphoid-cell hypoplasia5 and lymphopenia in the peripheral blood.6,7The immunologic importance of these studies was not perceived until it was recognized that the lymphocyte was central to the immunologic response and that graft . . .
Bladder Complications in Patients Receiving Cyclophosphamide for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: PAUL H. PLOTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The bladder complications of 54 patients treated with oral cyclophosphamide for systemic lupus erythematosus (43) or rheumatoid arthritis (11) were reviewed. During an observation period of 241 patient years, we saw seven cases of acute hemorrhagic cystitis and two cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Bladder carcinoma was identified 28 and 60 months after withdrawal of the drug and resulted in the death of one patient. The late-occurring serious toxicities of cyclophosphamide should limit the use of the drug in the treatment of nonmalignant inflammatory rheumatic conditions.
Antidepressant Dose Reduction and the Risk of Relapse in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: George I. Papakostas, Roy H. Perlis, Cheryl Seifert, Maurizio Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Whether the dose of antidepressants can be reduced following clinical improvement without subsequently increasing the likelihood of depressive relapse has not been established. Thus, the aim of this work was to compare relapse rates among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) randomized to either continue receiving the full versus a reduced dose of antidepressants following partial or full improvement of symptoms. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Five double-blind, randomized clinical trials involving 1,009 patients with MDD randomized to either continue receiving the full versus a reduced dose of antidepressants following partial or full improvement of symptoms were pooled using a random-effect meta-analysis model. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Patients randomized to continue treatment with lower doses of antidepressants were more likely to experience a depressive relapse than patients who continued treatment with the full dose (risk ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–2.80, p = 0.001). Pooled relapse rates were 25.3 and 15.1% for the two treatment groups. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Decreasing the antidepressant dose following partial or full symptom improvement is associated with an increased risk of relapse in MDD.
Overexpression of the gene for transmembrane 4 superfamily member 4 accelerates liver damage in rats treated with CCl4
Authors: Jie Qiu, Zhanwu Liu, Liang Da, Ying Li, Haixing Xuan, Qishui Lin, Feng Li, Yifei Wang, Zaiping Li, Mujun Zhao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Journal "should have revealed scientist's connection to company"
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A transatlantic fracas involving alleged conflict of interest is brewing between a Dutch scientist and an American scientist over an editorial on the safety of third generation oral contraceptives that appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine on 20 December (2001;345:1841-2).

The scientist in the Netherlands is Dr Jan Vandenbroucke of the department of epidemiology at the Leiden University Medical Centre. The American scientist is Dr Meir Stampfer of the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston.

Dr Vandenbroucke takes issue with the conclusions of the editorial, which commented on a study of the risk of myocardial infarction among women taking oral contraceptives, published in the same issue of the journal. The editorial, by Dr Stampfer and his coauthor, Dr Lisa Chasan-Taber of the …
Abstract 5491: Interrogating the mechanism of Wnt pathway inhibition by niclosamide
Authors: Robert A. Mook, Shengli Zhao, Wei Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The Wnt signaling pathway regulates genes critical for normal development and is dysregulated in many cancers. Indeed, more than 80% of all sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancers (CRCs) show hyperactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway due to mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or β-catenin genes. As a result, drugs that modulate the Wnt pathway are highly sought-after as the basis of a new generation of innovative therapeutic agents to treat CRC. Unfortunately, the ability to target this pathway with small molecule inhibitors has hampered drug discovery such that no approved drugs specifically targeting the pathway have been identified. To address this gap, we constructed a chemical genetics high-throughput screen that evaluated internalization of the Frizzled receptor in order to identify modulators of the Wnt/Frizzled/LRP5/6 signaling pathway. Using this assay we discovered the small molecule drug niclosamide, a FDA-approved anthelmintic agent, decreased β-catenin levels and inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling, findings since confirmed by others. To support efforts to evaluate niclosamide in clinical studies of colorectal cancer with aberrant Wnt signaling, we studied the translocation of Frizzled1-GFP induced by niclosamide and the kinetics of inhibition of Wnt signaling in cell culture. We found that niclosamide induces the co-localization of Frizzled1-GFP and lysosome markers indicating the translocation of Frizzled1-GFP to the lysosome. Kinetic studies indicated that β-catenin levels are reduced significantly within three hours and that both the levels of β-catenin and β-catenin gene transcription remained significant decreased 12 hours after the compound was removed. These data suggest a mechanistic hypothesis in which an extended duration of inhibition of Wnt signaling by niclosamide may result from the induced degradation of key proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway and that continuous exposure to niclosamide may not be necessary over the entire dosing period to maintain sufficient pathway inhibition. Overall, the findings support plans to investigate the use of niclosamide in clinical trials of CRC. Citation Format: Robert A. Mook, Shengli Zhao, Wei Chen. Interrogating the mechanism of Wnt pathway inhibition by niclosamide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5491. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5491
Global determinants of mortality in under 5s: 10 year worldwide longitudinal study
Authors: M. Hanf, M. Nacher, C. Guihenneuc, P. Tubert-Bitter, M. Chavance
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To assess at country level the association of mortality in under 5s with a large set of determinants.Longitudinal study.193 United Nations member countries, 2000-09.Yearly data between 2000 and 2009 based on 12 world development indicators were used in a multivariable general additive mixed model allowing for non-linear relations and lag effects.National rate of deaths in under 5s per 1000 live birthsThe model retained the variables: gross domestic product per capita; percentage of the population having access to improved water sources, having access to improved sanitation facilities, and living in urban areas; adolescent fertility rate; public health expenditure per capita; prevalence of HIV; perceived level of corruption and of violence; and mean number of years in school for women of reproductive age. Most of these variables exhibited non-linear behaviours and lag effects.By providing a unified framework for mortality in under 5s, encompassing both high and low income countries this study showed non-linear behaviours and lag effects of known or suspected determinants of mortality in this age group. Although some of the determinants presented a linear action on log mortality indicating that whatever the context, acting on them would be a pertinent strategy to effectively reduce mortality, others had a threshold based relation potentially mediated by lag effects. These findings could help designing efficient strategies to achieve maximum progress towards millennium development goal 4, which aims to reduce mortality in under 5s by two thirds between 1990 and 2015.
Solvents and neurotoxicity
Authors: Roberta F White, Susan P Proctor
Journal: The Lancet (1997)

We describe the clinical evaluation of the nervous-system effects of solvent exposure. We review the current evidence in the epidemiological literature on neurotoxicological effects of solvents, and outline methods and issues to be taken into account in assessment of the patient whose symptoms may be related to solvent toxicity. Primary prevention of these disorders is essential, because treatment options are limited.
Analysis of Relationship Between Asthma and Rhinitis Symptoms in Patients Treated in University Hospital by Using Sacra Questionnaire
Authors: Hiroyuki Nagase, Naoya Sugimoto, Yuko Nakase, Yusuke Tanaka, Asae Kamiyama, Yasuhiro Kojima, Hisanao Yoshihara, Michio Kuramochi, Hiroyuki Tashimo, Hidenori Arai, Masao Yamaguchi, Ken Ohta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Music as a dishonest signal
Authors: Sandra E. Trehub
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Instead of the discrete emotions approach adopted by Juslin &amp; Västfjäll (J&amp;V), the present perspective considers musical signals as functioning primarily to influence listeners in ways that are favorable to the signaler. Viewing music through the lens of social-emotional regulation fits with typical uses of music in everyday contexts and with the cross-cultural use of music for infant affect regulation.
Evaluating a Multipayer Medical Home Intervention
Authors: George Valko, Richard Wender
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response to ‘Lipid disorders in experimental chronic kidney disease: a role for SREBPs’
Authors: Hai-Lu Zhao, Yi Sui, Jing Guan, Lan He, Xun Zhu, Rong-Rong Fan, Xu Gang, Alice P.S. Kong, Chung S. Ho, Fernand M.M. Lai, Dewi K. Rowlands, Juliana C.N. Chan, Peter C.Y. Tong
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
In vivo generation of transplantable human hematopoietic cells from induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Giovanni Amabile, Robert S. Welner, Cesar Nombela-Arrieta, Anna Morena D'Alise, Annalisa Di Ruscio, Alexander K. Ebralidze, Yevgenya Kraytsberg, Min Ye, Olivier Kocher, Donna S. Neuberg, Konstantin Khrapko, Leslie E. Silberstein, Daniel G. Tenen
Journal: Blood (2012)
Demand for family caregivers will exceed supply by 2017, think tank predicts
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The number of elderly people in England who need care will outstrip the number of adult children who are able to provide it for the first time in 2017 and will grow steeply after that, a think tank has predicted. Without concerted action to tackle this “family care gap,” pressure on hospital emergency departments and inpatient beds is likely to increase as more older people slip into crisis without the day care they need, it warns.

By 2017 England will have 20 000 elderly people who need more than 20 hours a week of care (intense care) but no family member to care for them, the report from the Institute for Public Policy Research has said.1

By 2030, more than a million people aged 65-74 years will not have children, …
Aerial web-weaving spiders: Linking molecular and organismal processes in evolution
Authors: Catherine L. Craig
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (1992)

Aerial web-weaving spiders display a wide variety of foraging behaviors that can be tied to the evolution of one family of proteins, the silks. In some cases, the physical structure and mechanical properties of silks alone determine the ecology of spiders: the habitats in which they forage, the prey they capture and their subsequent reproductive success. Future studies that integrate research on the physical structure of silks, the molecular genetics of silk synthesis and the foraging ecology of spiders in primitive and derived phylogenetic groups could reveal how molecular and organismal processes interact in evolution.
The SOCS box of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 contributes to the control of G-CSF responsiveness in vivo
Authors: Kristy Boyle, Paul Egan, Steven Rakar, Tracy A. Willson, Ian P. Wicks, Donald Metcalf, Douglas J. Hilton, Nicos A. Nicola, Warren S. Alexander, Andrew W. Roberts, Lorraine Robb
Journal: Blood (2007)
Public distrusts government health campaigns, experts say
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The era of big health information campaigns is over because the public no longer trusts messages sent out by the government, advertising experts told public health workers this week.

At a conference to discuss how eating habits differ in the United Kingdom between rich and poor people and the resulting inequalities in health, delegates were told that to educate people about nutrition they must adopt the same marketing practices as commercial giants such as Philip Morris or Coca Cola.

Jeff French, project director of the national social marketing strategy for health at the National Consumer Council, said people didn't want to be preached to.

He said, “Government led, top-down information aimed at a generalist audience …
Separate Mechanisms of Deformability Loss in ATP-depleted and Ca-loaded Erythrocytes
Authors: Margaret R. Clark, Narla Mohandas, Claude Feo, Mark S. Jacobs, Stephen B. Shohet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Membrane rigidity has been widely accepted as the dominant cause of reduced deformability both of ATP-depleted erythrocytes and erythrocytes containing excess calcium (Ca). However, recent studies have shown normal membrane deformability in ATP-depleted erythrocytes. In addition, Ca accumulation causes massive ion and water loss, and it has been shown that extensive dehydration causes an increase in intracellular viscosity with attendant loss of whole cell deformability. To obtain a detailed understanding of the processes accompanying ATP depletion and/or Ca accumulation that limit cell deformability, we have used a viscodiffractometric method to identify the cellular factors contributing to reduced whole cell deformability.