tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oxygen for Preemies
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Adrenergic Inhibition on Adenosine-Induced Myocardial Hyperemia
Authors: Niels H. Buus, Morten Bøttcher, Flemming Hermansen, Mikael Sander, Torsten T. Nielsen, Michael J. Mulvany
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Myocardial perfusion during adenosine-induced hyperemia is used both in clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease and for scientific investigations of the myocardial microcirculation. The objective of this study was to clarify whether adenosine-induced hyperemia is dependent on endothelial NO production or is influenced by adrenergic mechanisms. Methods and Results In 12 healthy men, myocardial perfusion was measured with PET in 2 protocols performed in random order, each including 3 perfusion measurements. First, perfusion was measured at rest. Second, either saline or the NO synthase inhibitor N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 4 mg/kg) was infused, and perfusion during adenosine-induced hyperemia was determined. Last, in both protocols, the α-receptor blocker phentolamine was infused, and perfusion during adenosine-induced hyperemia was determined again. Resting perfusion was similar in the 2 protocols (0.69±0.14 and 0.66±0.18 mL · min −1 · g −1 ). L-NAME increased mean arterial blood pressure by 12±7 mm Hg ( P &lt;0.01) and reduced heart rate by 16±7 bpm ( P &lt;0.01). Adenosine-induced hyperemia (1.90±0.33 mL · min −1 · g −1 ) was attenuated by L-NAME (1.50±0.55 mL · min −1 · g −1 , P &lt;0.01). The addition of phentolamine had no effect on the adenosine-induced hyperemia (2.10±0.34 mL · min −1 · g −1 , P =NS). In the presence of L-NAME, however, when the adenosine response was attenuated, phentolamine was able to increase hyperemic perfusion (2.05±0.44 mL · min −1 · g −1 , P &lt;0.05). Conclusions Inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis attenuates myocardial perfusion during adenosine-induced hyperemia, indicating that coronary vasodilation by adenosine is partly endothelium dependent. α-Adrenergic blockade has no effect on adenosine-induced hyperemia unless NO synthesis is inhibited.
Metastases of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Depicted by Tc-99m Sestamibi
Authors: CLAUDE SOLER, ANNE CAILLOT-AUGUSSEAU, MICHÉLE MONCET, PATRICK BEAUCHESNE, HUGUES ROUSSET
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) has been reported to localize in many types of tumor. Two patients with a history of Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid were examined using Tc-99m MIBI and other radionuclides because their serum thyroglobulin levels were increasing. The first patient with bone metastases of Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid was evaluated successfully by Tc-99m MIBI imaging. Indeed, the Tc-99m MIBI study identified many metastases that were not clearly demonstrated with Tc-99m HMDP and I—131 whole-body scans. A mediastinal lymph node metastasis of Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid was shown by the Tc-99m MIBI study in the second case. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: Because the patient reported pain in her right shoulder,a Tc-99m HMDP bone scan was performed. (A) Anterior and (B) posterior whole-body bone scans obtained 4 hours after radionuclide administration showed only one focus of abnormal tracer accumulation in the 10th left rib (black arrow).FIGURE 2Fig. 2: MIBI has been widely used as a tumor imaging agent in various malignant lesions (1–4). Hürthle cell carcinomas are classified as a variant of follicular carcinoma (5–9). They are composed of large oxyphilic cells containing abundant mitochondria. Hürthle cell carcinomas usually do not concentrate I-131 (10), but they are known to concentrate Tc-99m MIBI (11–13), so we decided to perform a MIBI study, which revealed two foci of increased uptake (black arrows) corresponding to the bone metastases.FIGURE 3Fig. 3: A SPECT coronal image obtained with Tc-99m MIBI shows (A) other rib involvement (large white arrow) and confirmed (B) Tc-99m HMDP uptake in the 10th left rib (large white arrow arrow, fine black arrow). (C) Myocardial MIBI uptake is shown as a reference.FIGURE 4Fig. 4: In our second patient, a planar view of the chest obtained with I-131 failed to reveal any abnormal uptake in the mediastinal area (black arrowhead), which presented a conflict with the elevated serum thyroglobulin level.FIGURE 5Fig. 5: In contrast, the contribution of the MIBI study was significant. (A) An anterior Tc-99m MIBI whole-body scan identified the mediastinal metastasis of the Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid. (B) A posterior view shows two minimal foci of increased radiotracer uptake that correspond to lung metastases (black arrows).
The Medical Profession and the Prevention of Torture
Authors: Eric Stover, Elena O. Nightingale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Torture remains one of the most abhorrent concomitants of political repression today. In the past four years alone, governments in one third of the world's countries have systematically practiced or tacitly condoned torture or ill treatment.1 Security agents, specially trained interrogators, and sometimes medical personnel use such techniques as prolonged beatings, electric shock, and mind-altering drugs, mostly in secret, to interrogate, punish, and intimidate political dissenters and social nonconformists.2 It is alarming that state-sanctioned brutality exists at all, but it is doubly alarming that medical personnel participate in this brutality. Medical professionals are trained to heal, but some, for various . . .
STUDIES ON BACTERIAL LOCALIZATION
Authors: Lloyd Catron
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

THE RESULTS OF GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS AND SURVIVAL TESTS AFTER SUBCUTANEOUS INFECTION OF MICE WITH TYPE I PNEUMOCOCCI CAN BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS: Normal mice possessed no adequate means of protection against this organism. The bacteria disseminated freely through the tissue spaces in the presence of widespread inflammation, and were not ingested by significant numbers of host cells. Macrophages mobilized in the subcutis by intraperitoneal vaccinations with homologous killed organisms promptly ingested the living bacteria subsequently introduced. The cocci were sharply localized and destroyed in the presence of minimal amounts of exudation, edema and necrosis. Bacterial localization accompanied a similar hypoergic reaction after passive immunization. When a hyperergic response was induced by repeated local, in addition to intraperitoneal, vaccinations, prompt phagocytosis by macrophages, as after intraperitoneal vaccination alone, was again the outstanding means of disposal of the organisms. The heightened exudation, edema and local necrosis resembled a harmful rather than an important localizing reaction. Immunity was not dependent upon a hyperergic reaction. Prompt in vivo agglutination of living bacteria after passive immunization was an important early localizing phenomenon. After either active or passive immunization, phagocytosis was the only means observed by which the organisms were destroyed. Thus localization and destruction of the bacteria in immunized mice were dependent both on bacterial changes caused by specific antibody and on phagocytic activities of host cells. A viscous gum acacia medium caused a transient delay in bacterial dissemination, but the organisms ultimately became widely scattered in the tissues of the abdominal wall. The animals died earlier, with more extensive and destructive lesions than when the bacteria were introduced in a saline medium. In distinct contrast, the pneumococci were as a rule sharply localized and destroyed when injected in an acacia medium containing a small amount of immune serum. After local active immunization, sufficient to protect about half the animals subsequently infected by pneumococci in a saline medium, extensive and destructive lesions and death of the mice followed introduction of the organisms in acacia. It was suggested that the more viscous medium may have hindered diffusion of immune bodies from the tissues into the inoculum.
Increased exonic de novo mutation rate in individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Simon L Girard, Julie Gauthier, Anne Noreau, Lan Xiong, Sirui Zhou, Loubna Jouan, Alexandre Dionne-Laporte, Dan Spiegelman, Edouard Henrion, Ousmane Diallo, Pascale Thibodeau, Isabelle Bachand, Jessie Y J Bao, Amy Hin Yan Tong, Chi-Ho Lin, Bruno Millet, Nematollah Jaafari, Ridha Joober, Patrick A Dion, Si Lok, Marie-Odile Krebs, Guy A Rouleau
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Cardioprotection by Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) and A <sub>2B</sub> Adenosine Receptors
Authors: Tobias Eckle, Thomas Krahn, Almut Grenz, David Köhler, Michel Mittelbronn, Catherine Ledent, Marlene A. Jacobson, Hartmut Osswald, Linda F. Thompson, Klaus Unertl, Holger K. Eltzschig
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73)–dependent adenosine generation has been implicated in tissue protection during acute injury. Once generated, adenosine can activate cell-surface adenosine receptors (A 1 AR, A 2A AR, A 2B AR, A 3 AR). In the present study, we define the contribution of adenosine to cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning. Methods and Results— On the basis of observations of CD73 induction by ischemic preconditioning, we found that inhibition or targeted gene deletion of cd73 abolished infarct size-limiting effects. Moreover, 5′-nucleotidase treatment reconstituted cd73 −/− mice and attenuated infarct sizes in wild-type mice. Transcriptional profiling of adenosine receptors suggested a contribution of A 2B AR because it was selectively induced by ischemic preconditioning. Specifically, in situ ischemic preconditioning conferred cardioprotection in A 1 AR −/− , A 2A AR −/− , or A 3 AR −/− mice but not in A 2B AR −/− mice or in wild-type mice after inhibition of the A 2B AR. Moreover, A 2B AR agonist treatment significantly reduced infarct sizes after ischemia. Conclusions— Taken together, pharmacological and genetic evidence demonstrate the importance of CD73-dependent adenosine generation and signaling through A 2B AR for cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning and suggests 5′-nucleotidase or A 2B AR agonists as therapy for myocardial ischemia.
Hyposensitisation to wasp venom in six hours.
Authors: J C van der Zwan, J Flinterman, I G Jankowski, J A Kerckhaert
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Eleven patients with a history of anaphylaxis, positive reactions to skin tests, and specific IgE antibody to wasp venom underwent hyposensitisation in a six hour procedure. No general reactions occurred. Complement activation and proteinuria could not be shown. The patterns of specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 were as described in other procedures--namely, IgE increased sharply and then decreased; IgG1 and IgG4 increased steadily and then decreased--but increase and decrease came earlier. Challenge by a stinging insect at least four weeks after treatment proved complete protection. The skin reactivity two years later showed an unpredictable pattern.
Editorial: Homogenized milk and coronary artery disease: theory, not fact
Authors: E. L. Bierman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

There has been widespread coverage in the news media recently of the claim that the drinking of homogenized milk is a cause of excessive mortality from coronary artery disease in the United States. That this relationship might exist has been proposed by Oster,<sup>1</sup>who postulates the existence of a group of diseases caused by the depletion of<i>plasmalogen</i>in cell membranes. He includes arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and angina pectoris as representative disorders with this possible origin. Plasmalogens are a type of phospholipid usually found as a component of cell membranes of muscle and of the myelin sheath of nerve fibers. The major plasmalogen of myocardium is a choline phosphatide containing an unsaturated fatty acid in a typical ester linkage and a second fatty acid as a vinyl ether,<sup>2</sup>thereby differing from the more usual phospholipid exemplified by lecithin. Fatty aldehydes or plasmals can be released from this second
Ethnic differences in incidence of severe burns and scalds.
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (1989)

effect.It could be as misleading to extrapolate from the experience of women using unopposed oestrogens as it would be to do so from that of younger women taking oral contraceptives.If we are to look hard at the balance of benefits and risks of hormone replacement treatment it is important to bear this distinction in mind when assessing the available evidence.
The Effect of Pulmonary Vascular Pressures on the Mechanical Properties of the Lungs of Anesthetized Dogs1
Authors: Hans G. Borst, Erik Berglund, James L. Whittenberger, Jere Mead, Maurice McGregor, Clarence Collier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

All experiments were done in open-chest dogs.The dogs, weighing 16 to 26 Kg., were anesthetized with Nembutal@ (25 to 45 mg. per Kg.body weight, intra- venously).The chest was opened by splitting the sternum,
Looking for breakthroughs
Authors: G Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Rosemary was incredulous when she heard at a cocktail party that there was no cure for her neighbour's illness, and that even relieving her symptoms would be difficult. Her first reaction was to suggest changing doctors, which is what she does with her tradesmen when service is wanting. Had she not, after all, heard every morning while listening to Schubert in the car the advertisement that the doctors at the Miracle University Hospitals were right at the cutting edge of science and were discovering new cures for cancer every day? They were now even offering a special on heart screens, for only …
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
Authors: John N. Baldwin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

CLUBBING of the fingers was first documented by Hippocrates in the Fifth Century B.C., but it was not until 1890 that Pierre Marie1 and Bamberger2 almost simultaneously observed that an underlying pulmonary condition may be responsible for some cases of gross clubbing and painful arthropathy. Since their recognition that osteoarthropathy can be the overt manifestation of systemic disease, these observations have been amply confirmed by many others, and an impressive number of other entities3 with which clubbing may be associated have been identified, foremost among them being bronchogenic carcinoma. In 1935 Touraine, Solente and Golé4 demonstrated that a few patients . . .
Making the future ours in the occupied Palestinian territory
Authors: Abeer Ayesh, Ala' Yahya, Areem Ahamd Abu Qara', Ayman Dababat, Abed Abu Hadeed, Azza Shoaibi, Dawlat Abu Mahmoud, Fadi Issa, Faten Qaisi, Faten Hasan, Hanan Saadeh, Hatem Alami, Haya el Hadi, Heba Abu Hamda, Lamia Al Kawazba, Maha Ya'qoub, Majdi Hannoon, Mamdouh Ibrahim, Maysoun Bsiso, Mohammad Jarar, Mustafa Daraghmeh, Na'ela Fahmawi, Nehaya Hassan Saeed, Nehaya Harhash, Niveen Darwish, Osama Omar, Rana Shu'ibi, Rasha e Hazineh, Reema Abu Safat, Rimah Shraim, Sameer Shamasna, Sawsan Bani Odeh, Siham Shamasneh, Suzan Al Haj Ali, Suzan Mitwali
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
Changes in phasic femoral artery flow induced by various stimuli: a study with percutaneous pulsed Doppler ultrasound
Authors: F. MAHLER, H. H. BRUNNER, A. BOLLINGER, M. CASTY, M. ANLIKER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Transcutaneous blood flow measurements were performed by means of a pulsed Doppler ultrasound flowmeter in the femoral artery of healthy subjects. The pulsatile flow pattern was changed characteristically from resting state by postocclusive reactive hyperaemia, by the application of amyl nitrite, xanthinol nicotinate, and angiotensin amide. During reactive hyperaemia systolic flow was increased, diastolic reverse flow was abolished, and the forward flow continued throughout diastole. Amyl nitrite augmented the negative flow phase and reduced mean flow, while xanthinol nicotinate decreased the negative component and augmented mean flow. Angiotensin amide produced enhancement of the average flow by elevating systolic and diastolic flow equally over the base line. In each of these interventions the changes in flow were determined mainly by variations during the diastolic flow phase.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification or Metformin in Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in Adults with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: William H. Herman, Thomas J. Hoerger, Michael Brandle, Katherine Hicks, Stephen Sorensen, Ping Zhang, Richard F. Hamman, Ronald T. Ackermann, Michael M. Engelgau, Robert E. Ratner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) demonstrated that interventions can delay or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. Objective: To estimate the lifetime cost–utility of the DPP interventions. Design: Markov simulation model to estimate progression of disease, costs, and quality of life. Data Sources: The DPP and published reports. Target Population: Members of the DPP cohort 25 years of age or older with impaired glucose tolerance. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspectives: Health system and societal. Interventions: Intensive lifestyle, metformin, and placebo interventions as implemented in the DPP. Outcome Measures: Cumulative incidence of diabetes, microvascular and neuropathic complications, cardiovascular complications, survival, direct medical and direct nonmedical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and cost per QALY. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Compared with the placebo intervention, the lifestyle and metformin interventions were estimated to delay the development of type 2 diabetes by 11 and 3 years, respectively, and to reduce the absolute incidence of diabetes by 20% and 8%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of microvascular, neuropathic, and cardiovascular complications were reduced and survival was improved by 0.5 and 0.2 years. Compared with the placebo intervention, the cost per QALY was approximately $1100 for the lifestyle intervention and $31 300 for the metformin intervention. From a societal perspective, the interventions cost approximately $8800 and $29 900 per QALY, respectively. From both perspectives, the lifestyle intervention dominated the metformin intervention. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Cost-effectiveness improved when the interventions were implemented as they might be in routine clinical practice. The lifestyle intervention was cost-effective in all age groups. The metformin intervention did not represent good use of resources for persons older than 65 years of age. Limitations: Simulation results depend on the accuracy of the underlying assumptions, including participant adherence. Conclusions: Health policy should promote diabetes prevention in high-risk individuals. *The members of the Diabetes Prevention Program Group are listed in Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393-403. [PMID: 11832527].
The Prevalence of Diabetes in a Swedish Population of 280,411 Inhabitants: A report from the Skaraborg Diabetes Registry
Authors: Bo Berger, Gunnar Stenström, Yue-Fang Chang, Göran Sundkvist
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of known diabetes in a Swedish county (Skaraborg) and to evaluate capture-recapture methods for validation of the diabetes prevalence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Four sources were used to find known diabetic patients: 1) the Skaraborg Diabetes Registry (SDR), a case-finding inventory 2) an administrative hospital registry 3) a registry for the retinopathy screening program, and 4) a pharmacy prescription inventory. The capture-recapture method was applied to various combinations of sources to determine the prevalence of diabetes. RESULTS The completeness of the SDR was 88.4 ± 1.3%, indicating a diabetes prevalence of 3.20 ± 0.08%. When the SDR was not used as one of the sources, the estimated prevalence varied between 2.2 and 4.5%. CONCLUSIONS A case-finding registry is important in reliably estimating the prevalence of diabetes.
Quality Indicators for Management and Prevention of Falls
Authors: M. Stella Pierre
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 September 2002Quality Indicators for Management and Prevention of FallsM. Stella Pierre, MDM. Stella Pierre, MDJacobi Medical Center; Bronx, NY 10461Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest Rubenstein and colleagues' review on fall assessment and prevention (1). I was surprised that the authors did not comment on the fact that balance exercises, such as tai chi, were one of the best ways to reduce risk for falls. Also, although many trials showed a reduction in risk for falls, very few showed a reduction in risk for injurious falls. I think we should be concerned with fall prevention at an earlier age, when participation in such things as tai chi or yoga can be really helpful.Reference1. Rubenstein LZ, Powers CM, MacLean CH. Quality indicators for the management and prevention of falls and mobility problems in vulnerable elders. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135 2 8 686-93. [PMID: 11601951] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jacobi Medical Center; Bronx, NY 10461 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoQuality Indicators for the Management and Prevention of Falls and Mobility Problems in Vulnerable Elders Laurence Z. Rubenstein , Christopher M. Powers , and Catherine H. MacLean Quality Indicators for the Management and Prevention of Falls and Mobility Problems in Vulnerable Elders Laurence Z. Rubenstein , Christopher M. Powers , and Catherine H. MacLean Quality Indicators for Management and Prevention of Falls Laurence Z. Rubenstein , Christopher M. Powers , and Catherine H. MacLean Metrics 17 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 6Page: 546KeywordsExerciseFallsQuality indicators ePublished: 17 September 2002 Issue Published: 17 September 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...