tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CARCINOMA OF SPINE AND MENINGES SECONDARY TO CANCER OF THE BREAST.
Authors: F. SAVARY PEARCE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>Ambulance History.</h3> —Susan R. White, aged 70, housework, admitted to Philadelphia Hospital, Feb. 8, 1902. Duration of illness: four months; one month in bed. Symptoms: Pain in chest, pain in back, vomiting and diarrhea, severe pain over precordia and stomach, sharp pains in the leg at one time. She has had a lump in the breast for three years. Bowels and urine are not under her control. Both legs are paralyzed; anesthesia is present up to the waist line. <h3>Hospital Record.</h3> — (By Dr. Blayney, interne,) Chief complaint: Anesthesia and paralysis of the lower extremities. <h3>Family History.</h3> —One sister died of inflammation of the lungs (phthisis it is supposed); one sister died of scarlet fever; another of "cold"; one brother died of pneumonia. <h3>Past Medical History.</h3> —She had the ordinary diseases of childhood, and rheumatism. <h3>Present Illness.</h3> —Last November she was taken with pain in the hips; after the pains ceased the
Endoscopic mucosal resection using a grasp-and-snare technique
Authors: D. von Renteln, A. Schmidt, M. Vassiliou, H.-U. Rudolph, K. Caca
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de D. von Renteln et al., pp. 475Endoscopy 2010; 42(06): 523-523DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291866
MinK Residues Line a Potassium Channel Pore
Authors: Ke-Wei Wang, Kwok-Keung Tai, Steve A.N Goldstein
Journal: Neuron (1996)

MinK has neither the P region nor signature sequence that characterizes pore-forming subunits of all known K+ channels. A specific minK region has now been identified that affects external blockade by 2 common probes of K+ channel pores. When mutated to cysteine, residues in this region render minK susceptible to covalent blockade by methanethiosulfonate ethylsulfonate and alter reversible inhibition by tetraethylammonium. The 2 blockers are found to share overlapping binding site determinants and to interact. Since inhibition by external tetraethylammonium is sensitive to voltage and to the internal concentration of permeant ions, we argue that tetraethylammonium blocks by occluding the external end of a water-filled transmembrane pore. These findings support the view that minK is directly involved in forming a K+-selective ion conduction pathway.
Psycho-Biological Correlates of Rapid Ejaculation in Patients Attending an Andrologic Unit for Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: G. Corona, L. Petrone, E. Mannucci, E.A. Jannini, R. Mansani, A. Magini, R. Giommi, G. Forti, M. Maggi
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Intracardiac Pressures During Closed-Chest Cardiac Massage
Authors: J. E. Thomsen, R. R. Stenlund, G. G. Rowe
Journal: JAMA (1968)

During closed-chest cardiac massage, left-atrial and systemic arterial blood pressures are nearly equal. The former falls while the latter rises toward prearrest values with the resumption of effective cardiac activity. The high left-atrial pressures may explain pulmonary edema after prolonged closed-chest cardiac massage. An extremely critical state exists as long as there is no effective cardiac contraction even if a satisfactory systemic arterial blood pressure is maintained by closed-chest cardiac massage.
China to expand rural healthcare system
Authors: R. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

An experimental medical insurance scheme developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for Chinese villagers will be promoted nationally, as part of the government's efforts to rebuild China's devastated rural healthcare system.

Established in 1994, the WHO pilot project covered 8.7 million people in seven provinces. The aim was to determine whether it was possible to reintroduce collectively funded medical care for China's …
Altered phospholipids in human rheumatoid synoviocytes.
Authors: B Henderson, L Bitensky, J Chayen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

A specific cytochemical reaction for freely available phospholipids has shown a raised concentration of such phospholipids in the lining cells of human synovial membranes removed from rheumatoid joints. Quantitative measurement, by microdensitometry, of the amount of reaction-product per cell showed that the rheumatoid synoviocytes contained almost three times the amount of free phospholipids present in the equivalent nonrheumatoid cells; statistically the difference was highly significant. Evidence from studies in which the bound phospholipids were 'unmasked' by methanol-chloroform confirmed the view that the increased content of freely available phospholipids was related to altered lipid-protein binding rather than to an increase in total phospholipids.
CYSTIC DILATATION OF THE COMMON BILE DUCT
Authors: N. H. Hill, R. A. Ramsay
Journal: BMJ (1925)

MDICALRNA 91diet.Cow's milk is accordingly richest in this vitamin when the animals are at grass.*The lower antiscorbutic value of winter milk may therefore be attributed to the cow being put on an inferior dietary, rather than to any direct action of sunlight on the diet (or on the animal itself).CONCLuSIONS.A noteworthy antithesis is seen to exist between the tat-soluble vitamins and the antiscorbutic vitamin.The intiscorbutic vitamin can be synthesized in complete dark- ness, and experiment has so far failed to connect it in any particular whatever with ultra-violet light; the fat-soluble ritamins, on the other hand, have been shown to be affected by ultra-violet light in their synthesis and activation as well as in the prevention and cure of avitaminosis.The ipparent independence of vitamin C to light is in a sense evidence.
P224 Why Are We Failing in the UK in Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) and Acute Exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD)? Review of Our Local Practise
Authors: KM Protheroe, R Bentley, TE Sams, S Parker, R Sayers, J Taylor, JW Killen, HJ Curtis
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Ward based NIV is proven treatment in AECOPD with type II respiratory failure with pH 7.25– 7.35.(1) Increasingly this modality is being used out with the trial evidence. The RCP audit of real world practise showed concerning results: failure or delay to deliver NIV and increaced mortality in NIV-treated patients compared to equally severe patients managed without NIV (26% vs 14%).(2) In light of these factors we reviewed our NIV use across our hospital. Did our local service need improvement? <h3>Methods</h3> We audited 4 months of emergency department admissiond in late 2011 to 2012, ward based NIV care in February-March 2011 and February-March 2012 using the BTS audit tool and critical care admissions for AECOPD from January 2010 to Decemeber 2011. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Emergency Department</h3> NIV was only considered in 78% of possible patients and only given in 37%. Significant delays were seen in starting NIV; median 357 minutes (range 138–1366). <h3>Ward-based NIV</h3> In 2011 overall mortality was 33%, however patients with pH 7.25–7.35 mortality was 11%, matching the landmark trial outcomes.(1) If pH was &lt;7.25 mortality was 80%. In 2012 oxygen toxicity contributed to acidosis is 33% of patients and overall mortality was 40%. <h3>Critical Care Department (CCD)</h3> Time to respiratory support was a median of 4 hours. 31% of patients required invasive ventilation, this was higher if consolidation was present on CXR (p=0.005). Overall mortality was 20%, significantly higher if pH&lt;7.25 at any time at 35% (p=0.02) and if CXR consolidation was present (25% vs 12.5). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Unfortunately NIV is not commenced in all appropriate patients, delays are common place and NIV is being used in severely ill and very acidotic patients with high mortality outcomes. Driven by national audit data, this detailed analysis of our practise has allowed us to drive local changes to improve our service including: 24/7 NIV nurse; early involvement with CCD in appropraite patients with pH&lt;7.25 and re-education of staff across the Trust. <h3>References</h3> Plant PK et al. Early use of NIV for AECOPD on general respiratory wards. <i>Lancet 2000</i>; 355:1931–35. Roberts CM et al. Acidosis, NIV and mortality in hospitalised COPD exacerbations. <i>Thorax 2011</i>; 66:43–48.
Vascularization of atrioventricular and semilunar valves in cattle, pigs, and sheep
Authors: R. B. Smith, I. M. Taylor
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

The pattern and extent of vascularization in the valves of cattle, pigs, and sheep has been described and discussed. Whereas the blood supply of atrioventricular valves and chordae tendineae is extensive, semilunar valves are poorly vascularized. It is suggested that the disparity may be a reflection of differences in the relative thickness of these structures.
Hallucinations in the Sane, associated with Local Organic Disease of the Sensory Organs, Etc
Authors: W. S. Colman
Journal: BMJ (1894)

rKZ2IJAJ 1015 rectum.The patient rapidly improved, was given liquid food by the mouth on the eighteenth day, and solid food on the twenty-eighth day.The abdominal wound healed by first intention, and on March 19th, that is, thirty days after the operation, the patient was walking about the ward, going into the garden, and eating ordinary food.
Impact of Information on Quality of Life and Satisfaction of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Randomized Study of Standardized versus Individualized Information before Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Fabrice Barlési, Karine Barrau, Anderson Loundou, Christophe Doddoli, Marie-Claude Simeoni, Pascal Auquier, Pascal Thomas
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Computerogenic Heart Disease
Authors: C. A. Caceres
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> William Dressler, MD, may have indeed described the first case of "computerogenic heart disease" (<b>208</b>:2338, 1969). He is correct in his assessment that physicians in the future will have to be aware of that possibility, just as they have in the past became aware of "iatrogenic heart disease." At the annual convention of the American College of Cardiology, physicians were offered the opportunity of witnessing and participating in a demonstration of how a computer system may be used to interpret a large number of electrocardiograms in health screening or in clinical environments. Dr. Dressler rightly warns that if the computer diagnosis is handed to an apprehensive patient, without review by a physician, the result may be disastrous. As a matter of policy we have stressed that computer interpretations from our laboratory are not to be transmitted to laymen. Dr. Dressler comments that "A word of caution is
DNA adducts and carcinogenicity of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Authors: P P Fu, D Herreno-Saenz, L S Von Tungeln, J O Lay, Y S Wu, J S Lai, F E Evans
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We have been interested in the structure-activity relationships of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs), and have focused on the correlation of structural and electronic features with biological activities, including mutagenicity and tumorigenicity. In our studies, we have emphasized 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes (nitro-B[a]Ps) and related compounds, all of which are derived from the potent carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. While 1-, 2-, and 3-nitro-B[a]P are potent mutagens in Salmonella, 6-nitro-B[a]P is a weak mutagen. In vitro metabolism of 1- and 3-nitro-B[a]P has been found to generate multiple pathways for mutagenic activation. The formation of the corresponding trans-7,8-dihydrodiols and 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrols suggests that 1- and 3-nitro-B[a]P trans-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxides are ultimate metabolites of the parent nitro-B[a]Ps. We have isolated a DNA adduct from the reaction between 3-nitro-B[a]P trans-7,8-diol-anti9,10-epoxide and calf thymus DNA, and identified it as 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-ni tro-B[a]P . The same adduct was identified from in vitro metabolism of [3H]3-nitro-B[a]P by rat liver microsomes in the presence of calf thymus DNA. A DNA adduct of 3-nitro-B[a]P formed from reaction of N-hydroxy-3-amino-B[a]P, prepared in situ with calf thymus DNA was also isolated. This adduct was identified as 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-3-amino-B[a]P. The same adduct was obtained from incubating DNA with 3-nitro-B[a]P in the presence of the mammalian nitroeductase, xanthine oxidase, and hypoxanthine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of chronic administration of ursodeoxycholic acid on the ileal absorption of endogenous bile acids in man
Authors: Philippe Marteau, Olivier Chazouiléres, Anne Myara, Raymond Jian, Jean-Claude Rambaud, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The effect of long-term administration of ursodeoxycholic acid on the ileal absorption of endogenous bile acids was determined using the tauro 23 ( 75 Se) selena-25 homotaurocholic acid test in a controlled double-blind study involving healthy subjects (n = 15). Subjects received placebo or 13 to 15 mg/kg/day ursodeoxycholic acid for 5 wk. In the placebo group (n = 7) there was no change in the composition of serum bile acids or in the mean percentage of retention of tauro 23( 75 Se) selena-25 homotaurocholic acid (36.1% ± 6.0% vs. 38.7% ± 6.7%). In contrast, in the ursodeoxycholic acid group, serum ursodeoxycholic acid conjugates increased and the percentage of retention of tauro 23 ( 75 Se) selena-25 homotaurocholic acid fell from 45.8% ± 6.8% to 20.5% ± 5.7% (p &lt; 0.01). We conclude that ursodeoxycholic acid administration reduces ileal absorption of endogenous bile acids. These findings provide a rational explanation for the changes in the composition of the bile acid pool during ursodeoxycholic acid therapy and could have important therapeutic implications. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1206-1208).
Automated Volume Determination of the Liver and Spleen from Tc-99m Colloid SPECT Imaging Quantification of the Liver Functional and Nonfunctional Tissue in Disease
Authors: G. J. KAVANAGH, J. T. KAVANAGH, P. B. K. KAVANAGH, L E. IRWIN, A. C. PERKINS, L A. SWANSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

An automated volume determination program using SPECT imaging with Tc-99m has been validated by both phantom and patient studies. Its use for monitoring change of function of the liver and change in tumor mass during different therapy regimes has been assessed. The technique is not restricted to the estimation of the hepatic functioning tissues; it therefore has many potential clinical implementations for volume determination in other organs.
Malignant primary pulmonary paraganglioma.
Authors: J R Hangartner, T M Loosemore, M Burke, J R Pepper
Journal: Thorax (1989)

The histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic findings in a case of malignant primary pulmonary paraganglioma are reported. The existence of this rare tumour is evidence for the presence of pulmonary chemoreceptors.
Relationship Between Gastric Emptying and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants and Children
Authors: Murat Argon, Ulkem Duygun, Gozde Daglioz, Ozgur Om??r, Esen Demir, Sema Aydogdu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between gastric emptying and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants and children.One hundred eight patients (pts) between 3 months and 5 years of age (77 boys, 31 girls) with clinical suspicion of GER disease were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the age range: group A, 0-2 years (57 pts), and group B, 2-5 (51 pts) years. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the scintigraphic study as GER-positive and -negative. Cow's milk with Tc-99m sulfur colloid as radiotracer was used. Gastric emptying was expressed as the half emptying time (T1/2). The detection of activity in the esophagus at any time during scintigraphy was considered an indicator of GER episodes. Reflux episodes were graded as grade 1 if activity was detected on one or 2 frames and grade 2 if activity was detected on more than 2 frames.Forty of the 108 patients (37%) had GER findings on scintigraphy. The comparison of gastric emptying time between positive GER scintigraphy and negative GER scintigraphy groups was not statistically significant in any age group. No association was found between age and rate of gastric emptying time. Although the comparison of T1/2 between grade 1 patients and the GER-negative group was not statistically significant, grade 2 patients showed significant differences and had prolonged gastric emptying times. Mild statistical correlation between the number of reflux episodes and gastric emptying half time was found.As a conclusion, the relation between gastroesophageal reflux and delayed gastric emptying cannot be ignored. Our results support delayed gastric emptying to be a pathogenetic factor in gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children.
929 PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE INCIDENCE, PATTERN, AND PREDICTORS OF ANTI-TUBERCULOUS DRUG-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN AN AREA ENDEMIC FOR CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES
Authors: H.A. Makhlouf, A. Helmy, E. Fawzy, M. El-Attar, H.G. Rashed
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Being fit is more important than being fat for women and heart disease
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

For women, being fat poses a lesser risk of heart disease than being unfit, says a recent study (JAMA 2004;292:1179-87). Many previous studies have shown that being overweight increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, but few studies have examined the specific effect of physical activity and fitness. This recent study found that although the individual contributions of obesity and physical fitness to risk of coronary artery disease in women remain unclear, being inactive is a more useful predictor than body mass index of existing coronary disease and future adverse events such as congestive heart failure, unstable angina, and heart attack.

Researchers used …
Clinical Performance of CGMS in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Treated by Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Using Insulin Analogs
Authors: Bruno Guerci, Michèle Floriot, Philip Böhme, Danielle Durain, Muriel Benichou, Stéphanie Jellimann, Pierre Drouin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Performance criteria have been established for in vitro blood glucose monitoring, particularly for the self-monitoring of blood glucose using glucose meters. Devices intended for use in the future, such as the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS), should satisfy similar criteria, particularly in diabetic patients under intensive therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The analysis was conducted on 18 type 1 diabetic patients (not controlled, HbA1c &amp;gt;7.5%) treated by external pump using insulin analogs. Each patient received a glucose sensor for 3 days during his/her hospitalization and was instructed in its operation. Medtronic criteria were used to determine the accuracy of the CGMS. In addition, the data were analyzed according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, Clarke Error Grid analysis, and method of residuals, with the glucose oxidase method using a Beckman analyzer used as the reference method. Specificity and sensitivity were evaluated from the viewpoint of accuracy in the detection of hypoglycemia. For nine patients, two glucose sensors were simultaneously inserted into an abdominal site to determine the reproducibility of the system. RESULTS—Among the 33 glucose sensors inserted, 6 (18%) were nonfunctional. The mean duration of CGMS recording was 63 ± 12 h. From all of the 692 sets of data that paired glucose readings and CGMS, the coefficients of correlation ranged from 0.87 to 0.92 and the mean absolute error ranged from 12.8 to 15.7%. The time experienced in hypoglycemia (&amp;lt;55 mg/dl) was reported at 86 ± 62 min/day. Only 39% of the CGMS values satisfied the ADA precision criteria to within ±10%, and 19% of these values satisfied the future ADA precision criteria of accuracy to within ±5%. The means of difference method showed that the CGMS slightly underestimated the plasma glucose values (mean = −12 mg/dl). Error grid analysis showed only 77% of the glucose sensor values were in zone A, and 98.9% were in zones A and B. Two values fell in zone C and a single value fell in zone D. The sensitivity and specificity of the CGMS to detect hypoglycemia were 33 and 96%, respectively. A total of 6,666 paired sensor values were recorded with a coefficient of correlation of 0.84 with a coefficient of variation of 8.25%. CONCLUSIONS—CGMS could be useful in routine clinical practice to provide much more information on the glucose profile than intermittent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). However, CGMS cannot be used as a replacement for glucose meters because it does not satisfy the conventional performance goals set down for in vitro glucose measurements and could therefore lead to clinically incorrect treatment decisions.
Why is it so hard to work abroad?
Authors: Tiago Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I was recently visited by a Czech friend who had been a law student on exchange in my city, Lisbon, a few years ago, when I was at medical school. He had since graduated, was working in Dublin, and had a new girlfriend, a Slovak, who had finished her management studies in the Czech Republic.

Over a late coffee, it didn't take long before we drifted to a common and popular topic among young people today: professional mobility and working abroad. It was then that I realised both of them had chosen their university degrees to maximise their chances of clinching work opportunities overseas.

> Most clinicians' area of influence is confined to their hospital, city, region, or country 

My friend's girlfriend told me that she had deliberately opted not to study medicine because she felt that it would restrict her mobility and confine her chiefly to a localised career. I was startled. How could she possibly think that? What had happened to …
Nectin-1 Expression by Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a Predictor of Herpes Oncolytic Sensitivity
Authors: Zhenkun Yu, Prasad S Adusumilli, David P Eisenberg, Elizabeth Darr, Ronald A Ghossein, Sen Li, Shiquan Liu, Bhuvanesh Singh, Jatin P Shah, Yuman Fong, Richard J Wong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Oncolytic viruses based on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are able to infect and lyse a variety of malignant cell lines. However, there is variability in the degree of tumor susceptibility, and the cancer cell determinants of HSV sensitivity are poorly defined. Nectin-1 is a cell surface adhesion molecule that functions as a cellular receptor to HSV envelope glycoprotein D (gD). We assessed tumor nectin-1 expression as a predictor of oncolytic HSV sensitivity. A panel of human squamous carcinoma cell lines was evaluated for viral entry, replication, and cytotoxicity to an attenuated, replication-competent, oncolytic HSV (NV1023). Potential tumor determinants of HSV sensitivity were assessed, including nectin-1, herpes viral entry mediator, total gD receptor expression, S-phase fraction, and doubling time. Significant correlations between nectin-1 expression measured by quantitative fluorescence-activated cell sorting and viral sensitivity measures were identified using Pearson's coefficients. Cancer cell nectin-1 receptor blockade and nectin-1 transfection led to inhibition and enhancement of NV1023 viral entry, respectively. Cell lines with varying nectin-1 expression showed corresponding sensitivity to NV1023 therapy in vivo. Immunohistochemistry for nectin-1 was inversely related to E-cadherin staining, suggesting increased herpes sensitivity of E-cadherin-deficient tumors. These results suggest that nectin-1 may be used as a marker to predict the sensitivity of a tumor to herpes oncolytic therapy.
A multicenter assessment of liver toxicity by MRI and biopsy in IBD patients on 6-thioguanine
Authors: Julia Seiderer, Christoph J. Zech, Walter Reinisch, Milan Lukas, Joachim Diebold, Friedrich Wrba, Alexander Teml, Petra Chalupna, Jan Stritesky, Stefan O. Schoenberg, Wolfgang Schima, Burkhard Göke, Thomas Ochsenkühn
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)