tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5171: Expression and function of Snail2 in osteosarcoma
Authors: Amir Shaya S. Sharili, Steve Allen, Ken Smith, Joanna Price, Imelda M. McGonnell
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Snail2 is a well established regulator of EMT in malignant epithelial tumors, however in sarcomas it is not known if this protein is present and contributes to tumor progression. Here we examine the expression of Snail2 in clinical cases of one type of sarcoma; osteosarcoma. We hypothesize that Snail2 is expressed in osteosarcomas and that this expression correlates with tumor grade. In addition, we also hypothesized that Snail2 promotes metastasis in osteosarcomas. Experimental design: Snail2 localization was determined in clinical biopsies of different grades of canine osteosarcomas using immunohistochemistry. The function of Snail2 in OS was evaluated using stable human and canine OS cell lines in which loss of function was achieved using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and gain of function using over-expression vectors. These lines were used to assess changes in cell motility and invasion using in vitro assays. Results: Nuclear Snail2 staining was observed in all cases of osteosarcoma examined. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated Snail2 expression was significantly (P=0.014) correlated with tumor grade. Cell lines of canine (D-17) and human (Saos-2) osteosarcoma stably transfected with Snail2 siRNA showed a loss of osteoblastic morphology becoming flattened whereas those overexpressing Snail2 appeared more spindle shaped. Scratch assays showed that motility of osteosarcoma cells was correlated with levels of Snail2 expression. Conclusion: This is the first time Snail2 has been associated with any sarcoma and this study shows that Snail2 may be a useful prognostic marker for osteosarcoma. In addition, it indicates that Snail2 may play a role in osteosarcoma metastasis. Thus it may be a potential target for clinical intervention in this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5171. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5171
The safety and efficacy of subcutaneous birch pollen immunotherapy - a one-year, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: U. Bodtger, L. K. Poulsen, H. H. Jacobi, H.-J. Malling
Journal: Allergy (2002)

There is only very limited documentation of the efficacy and safety of high-dose subcutaneous birch pollen immunotherapy (IT) in double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC) studies. Birch pollen is a major cause of allergic morbidity in northern Europe and in eastern parts of North America.Thirty-five patients with severe rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever) to birch pollen were allocated to double-blinded clustered IT with a depot birch pollen extract (Betula verrucosa) or placebo injections. Seven patients in each group had concomitant self-reported seasonal asthma. Treatment was conducted as a clustered regimen and was performed in a specialist unit. Symptom scores from nose, eyes, and lungs, and use of oral and topical antihistamines, beta-2-agonists, and oral corticosteroids were recorded daily during the season of 2000. Sensitivity to allergen provocation in skin, conjunctiva, and nasal mucosa was measured before and after 10 months of treatment. Post-seasonal assessment of symptom severity was performed using a simple questionnaire.IT reduced the symptom score for both rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma (P-values < 0.05), total medication score (P < 0.02) and use of oral antihistamines (P < 0.01). IT reduced specific conjunctival sensitivity (P < 0.05), skin prick test, and especially cutaneous late-phase response diameters (P < 0.00001), and increased general well-being on post-seasonal evaluation (P < 0.01). IT was safe, with side-effects at the same level as placebo.High-dose, subcutaneous IT is efficacious and safe in patients with severe birch pollen rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma.
“Quitting Smoking Will Benefit Your Health”: The Evolution of Clinician Messaging to Encourage Tobacco Cessation
Authors: Benjamin A. Toll, Alana M. Rojewski, Lindsay R. Duncan, Amy E. Latimer-Cheung, Lisa M. Fucito, Julie L. Boyer, Stephanie S. O'Malley, Peter Salovey, Roy S. Herbst
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Illnesses that are caused by smoking remain as the world's leading cause of preventable death. Smoking and tobacco use constitute approximately 30% of all cancer-related deaths and nearly 90% of lung cancer–related deaths. Thus, improving smoking cessation interventions is crucial to reduce tobacco use and assist in minimizing the burden of cancer and other diseases in the United States. This review focuses on the existing research on framed messages to promote smoking cessation. Consistent with the tenets of prospect theory and recent meta-analysis, gain-framed messages emphasizing the benefits of quitting seem to be preferable when working with adult patients who smoke tobacco products. The evidence also suggests that moderators of treatment should guide framed statements made to patients. Meta-analyses have provided consistent moderators of treatment such as need for cognition, but future studies should further define the specific framed interventions that would be most helpful for subgroups of smokers. In conclusion, instead of using loss-framed statements like “Smoking will harm your health by causing problems like lung and other cancers, heart disease, and stroke,” as a general rule, physicians should use gain-framed statements like “Quitting smoking will benefit your health by preventing problems like lung and other cancers, heart disease, and stroke.” Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 301–9. ©2014 AACR.
The Philadelphia or Short Y Chromosome
Authors: Eugene P. Flannery
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  In the case of the patient with erythroleukemia and Philadelphia (Ph') chromosome described by Pacheco et al (226:787, 1973), the sex of the patient is not stated. Since erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency was also present, we suspect that the patient was a man.  We have previously indicated the need for physicians to be alert for the presence of a short Y chromosome in males with apparent Ph' chromosome ( Ann Intern Med 77:223, 1972). Recently, Warburton and Bluming 1 described a patient who was remarkably similar to the one reported by Pacheco et al. The initial karyotype in this patient with erythremic myelosis was interpreted as showing a Ph' chromosome without other abnormality. A second marrow culture, stained with quinacrine mustard and examined with fluorescent microscopy, demonstrated that the abnormal chromosome was derived from a Y chromosome that had lost the characteristic brilliantly fluorescent material of its long arms.
The Long Noncoding MALAT-1 RNA Indicates a Poor Prognosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Induces Migration and Tumor Growth
Authors: Lars Henning Schmidt, Tilmann Spieker, Steffen Koschmieder, Julia Humberg, Dominik Jungen, Etmar Bulk, Antje Hascher, Danielle Wittmer, Alessandro Marra, Ludger Hillejan, Karsten Wiebe, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Rainer Wiewrodt, Carsten Muller-Tidow
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Accurate detection of uniparental disomy and microdeletions by SNP array analysis in myelodysplastic syndromes with normal cytogenetics
Authors: S Heinrichs, R V Kulkarni, C E Bueso-Ramos, R L Levine, M L Loh, C Li, D Neuberg, S M Kornblau, J-P Issa, D G Gilliland, G Garcia-Manero, H M Kantarjian, E H Estey, A T Look
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
A National Health Agenda for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
Authors: Chandak Ghosh
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic Decision: Fine-Needle Transhepatic Cholangiography: Indications and Usefulness
Authors: PETER R. MUELLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Fine-needle transhepatic cholangiography is a diagnostic tool often used for evaluating the biliary tree because of its wide availability and relatively low complication rate. Fine-needle cholangiography is primarily used in patients with obstructive jaundice with dilated ducts, but has been useful in patients with those entities that cause obstruction without dilatation (sclerosing cholangitis, ampullary stenosis, nonobstructing stone). We review our experience with over 700 cases of fine-needle cholangiography. The complication rate (due to bleeding, peritonitis, sepsis, and death) is less than 5%. The central role that fine-needle cholangiography plays in defining the site and cause of biliary obstruction is emphasized.
Abstract LB-4: Preclinical development of spherical nucleic acids, a novel RNAi-based nanomedicinal platform, as anti-glioma therapeutics
Authors: Alexander H. Stegh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Patients with Glioblastoma (GBM) survive for a mere 14-16 months. Conventional and targeted therapies, foremost inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK-Is) have been ineffective in glioma clinical trials, contributing to a near 100% failure rate of GBM drug development. Impediments to clinical successes are the lack of systematic identification of genes with critical roles in therapy (apoptosis) resistance, and the dearth of innovative technologies to deliver therapeutics to glioma elements, and to effectively target important apoptosis regulators in established gliomas. Here, we describe the development and pre-clinical characterization of a novel RNAi-based nanomedicinal platform (termed spherical nucleic acids, SNAs) to target aberrantly expressed oncogenes in GBM. SNAs consist of polyvalent gold nanoparticles with diameters of ∼13 nm, which are densely functionalized with RNAi molecules via oligoethylene glycol-thiol linkers. Our detailed physico-chemical and cell biological characterization revealed that SNAs exhibit highly efficient cellular uptake and robust serum stability without the use of auxiliary transfection strategies or chemical modifications, less induction of innate immune responses, reduced off-target effects, and minimal systemic toxicity in rodents. In proof-of-priciciple studies, we utilized SNAs to neutralize the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, i.e., canonical family members, such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and the atypical member Bcl2L12. We show highly efficient uptake of SNAs into various primary and transformed glial cell lineages in vitro, including patient- and glioma mouse model-derived tumor neurospheres (TNS). Importantly, SNAs provoked robust and persistent knockdown of Bcl-2 family members on mRNA and protein levels, and robustly sensitized glioma cells toward therapy-induced apoptosis. Finally, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry of SNAs co-functionalized with gadolinium revealed that intravenously administered SNAs penetrated the blood-brain- and blood-tumor-barriers, and robustly disseminated xenogeneic glioma explants. High-level accumulation of Bcl2L12-targeting SNAs within glioma elements was associated with increased intratumoral apoptosis, and consequently resulted in reduced glioma formation and prolonged survival of xenografted mice. Thus, silencing of anti-apoptotic signaling driven by members of the Bcl-2 family using nano-RNAi represents a novel therapeutic approach to overcome therapy resistance and to halt progression of GBM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-4. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-4
The American College of Physicians Award Lecture: Genetic Information Processing.
Authors: Marshall Nirenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967The American College of Physicians Award Lecture: Genetic Information Processing.Marshall Nirenberg, Ph.D.Marshall Nirenberg, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1030_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOne strand of deoxyribonucleic acid is transcribed into messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA), which then directs the synthesis of protein. The RNA message is read starting from a fixed point, from left to right, three bases at a time without overlapping bases. Two or more structurally related RNA code words have been found for most amino acids. Usually, synonym words contain the same bases in the first and second positions of the triplet and alternate bases in the third position. Probable consequences of a logically degenerate code will be discussed. Some code words play special roles in protein synthesis, such as... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1030-1030KeywordsAmino acidsGeneticsProtein synthesisRNA Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Modeling pain in vitro using nociceptor neurons reprogrammed from fibroblasts
Authors: Brian J Wainger, Elizabeth D Buttermore, Julia T Oliveira, Cassidy Mellin, Seungkyu Lee, Wardiya Afshar Saber, Amy J Wang, Justin K Ichida, Isaac M Chiu, Lee Barrett, Eric A Huebner, Canan Bilgin, Naomi Tsujimoto, Christian Brenneis, Kush Kapur, Lee L Rubin, Kevin Eggan, Clifford J Woolf
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
A randomized controlled trial of acarbose in hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Sandro Gentile, Giuseppina Guarino, Marco Romano, Ivo A. Alagia, Maura Fierro, Stefano Annunziata, Paolo L. Magliano, Antonietta G. Gravina, Roberto Torella
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
Detection of Carotid Stenosis by Physicial Examination
Authors: Lowell G. Lubic
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — In their recent article,<sup>1</sup>Dr Sauvé and colleagues discuss the relationship between high-grade stenosis and carotid bruit, stating, "Unfortunately, however, this relation is not strong enough for the clinician to be able to use the presence of a bruit to rule in, or the absence of a bruit to rule out, high-grade carotid stenosis." This is an erroneous statement. Clinicians understand that some patients with high-grade stenosis do not have a carotid bruit. However, most competent neurologists who diagnose and treat vascular disease of the brain are aware that a carotid bruit extending into diastole indicates a high degree of stenosis in the carotid artery. The examiner cannot differentiate whether the high-grade stenosis is in the external carotid system or the internal carotid system, but most often it is in the latter system. The misleading statement in this article will reduce the use of carotid
Considerations on the Definition of Viability
Authors: Mary Ellen Avery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Two relatively recent events in American society have prompted a consideration of the definition of viability of the human fetus. One event is the liberalization of indications for abortion, and the inevitability of an occasional error in calculation of gestational age. Although the error is reduced by use of ultrasound to measure fetal head diameter, and by careful clinical assessment, nonetheless infants of 600 to 700 g are sometimes the product of an elective abortion. The other event is the application of intensive care and technical advances permitting the occasional survival of a 700-g infant, and the increasingly frequent intact . . .
Type 2 diabetes and incidence of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases: a cohort study in 1·9 million people
Authors: Anoop Dinesh Shah, Claudia Langenberg, Eleni Rapsomaniki, Spiros Denaxas, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, Chris P Gale, John Deanfield, Liam Smeeth, Adam Timmis, Harry Hemingway
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
RECONSTRUCTION OF POUPART'S LIGAMENT
Authors: Bradley L. Coley
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The fundamental importance of an intact inguinal ligament in the performance of the Bassini operation for inguinal hernia is apparent. It is equally important in the numerous modifications of this operation. When previous operation has been followed by recurrence, the integrity of this structure may be maintained, but frequently it has been found, on reoperation, to have suffered either from the tearing out of the sutures or from strangulation of its fibers, as a result of excessive tension. In cases in which the wound has suppurated at the first operation, the injury to this structure may be considerable. Finally, in cases that have resisted several operative attempts at radical cure the ligament may be found to be frayed and inadequate as a structure to which to suture the internal oblique and transversalis muscles and their conjoined tendons. In herniotomy in those of advancing years, it is not infrequently found that
FGF18 as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wei Wei, Samuel C. Mok, Esther Oliva, Sung-hoon Kim, Gayatry Mohapatra, Michael J. Birrer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

High-throughput genomic technologies have identified biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. Comprehensive functional validation studies of the biological and clinical implications of these biomarkers are needed to advance them toward clinical use. Amplification of chromosomal region 5q31–5q35.3 has been used to predict poor prognosis in patients with advanced stage, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. In this study, we further dissected this large amplicon and identified the overexpression of FGF18 as an independent predictive marker for poor clinical outcome in this patient population. Using cell culture and xenograft models, we show that FGF18 signaling promoted tumor progression by modulating the ovarian tumor aggressiveness and microenvironment. FGF18 controlled migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells through NF-κB activation, which increased the production of oncogenic cytokines and chemokines. This resulted in a tumor microenvironment characterized by enhanced angiogenesis and augmented tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization. Tumors from ovarian cancer patients had increased FGF18 expression levels with microvessel density and M2 macrophage infiltration, confirming our in vitro results. These findings demonstrate that FGF18 is important for a subset of ovarian cancers and may serve as a therapeutic target.
The Role of Behavior in Diabetes Care
Authors: Richard S Surwit, Albert W Scovern, Mark N Feinglos
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

The treatment of people with diabetes mellitus almost always involves an effort on the part of the health-care team to impose new patterns of behavior on their patients. Too often this behavior modification is undertaken without any specific attention to factors in the treatment regimen that may enhance or detract from patient compliance. If, however, the treatment of disease is viewed in terms of changes in both physiology and behavior, the importance of intervention aimed at either direct behavioral manipulation of physiology, or alterations of secondary behavior related to the disease and its therapy, becomes apparent. We have reviewed in this paper the current “state of the art” of both direct behavioral treatment of diabetes and techniques to enhance compliance with treatment program.
Radioactive Fallout
Authors: C. L. Dunham
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE DETONATION of nuclear devices produces fission products in greater or lesser amounts, depending on the characteristics of the particular device employed. Fission devices which are in the low-yield range derive their explosive force from nuclear fission which gives rise to amounts of radioactive fission products roughly proportional to explosive yield. Thermonuclear devices may have a large fraction of their explosive force produced by a thermonuclear or fusion reaction. They derive only a part of their explosive force from the fission reaction. Of the fission products produced in the fission reaction, those of potential health significance are Sr<sup>90</sup>, Cs<sup>137</sup>,I<sup>131</sup>, Sr<sup>89</sup>, Ba-La<sup>140</sup>, and Zr-Nb<sup>98</sup>(having half-lives of 28 yr, 30 yr, 8 days, 54 days, 13 days, and 65 days, respectively). Thermonuclear reactions may give rise to tritium (radioactive hydrogen, half-life, 12.8 yr). The very large number of neutrons released in the reactions
Drug Abuse and Psychopathology
Authors: Harrison G. Pope
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The report by Mc Lellan et al. in this issue of the Journal raises intriguing questions about the relation between various forms of drug abuse and psychopathology and suggests some specific areas that the clinician might explore when obtaining a history from a patient who abuses drugs.Why, for example, should a sizable subgroup of drug users prefer psychostimulants almost exclusively? Possibly some of these persons are "medicating" themselves for depressive illness. The clinician could be alerted to this possibility by a history of "vegetative" signs of depression — hypersomnia, early-morning wakening, anorexia, diurnal variation of mood, and psychomotor retardation. . . .
Interleukin 7 induces CD4+ T cell-dependent tumor rejection.
Authors: H Hock, M Dorsch, T Diamantstein, T Blankenstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The potential of interleukin 7 (IL-7) to induce an antitumor response in vivo was analyzed. Therefore, the IL-7 gene was expressed in the plasmacytoma cell line J558L. Although the growth of IL-7-producing cells was not retarded in vitro, the IL-7-producing cells were completely rejected upon injection into mice. Tumor rejection was observed only in syngeneic but not in nude mice. The tumor-suppressive effect could be abolished by the parallel injection of an anti-IL-7 monoclonal antibody. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed IL-7-dependent infiltration of the tumor tissue by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and also type 3 complement receptor-positive (CR3+) cells, predominantly macrophages. Depletion of T cell subsets in tumor-bearing mice showed the absolute dependence of the antitumor response on CD4+ cells, whereas tumor rejection was unaffected by depletion of CD8+ cells. In addition to CD4+ cells, CR3+ cells were also needed for tumor rejection. The antitumor effect of IL-7 was confirmed by expression of the IL-7 gene in a second tumor cell line of different cellular origin. Together, our results demonstrate that a high local IL-7 concentration at the tumor site obtained by tumor cell-targeted gene transfer leads to tumor rejection involving a cellular mechanism that seems to be different from the ones observed in analogous experiments with other cytokines.