tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aspirin as an Adjunct to Screening for Prevention of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Uri Ladabaum, Cathy Lee Chopra, Grace Huang, James M. Scheiman, Michael E. Chernew, A. Mark Fendrick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Aspirin may decrease colorectal cancer incidence, but its role as an adjunct to or substitute for screening has not been evaluated. Objective: To examine the potential cost-effectiveness of aspirin chemoprophylaxis in relation to screening. Design: Markov model. Data Sources: Literature on colorectal cancer epidemiology, screening, costs, and aspirin chemoprevention (1980–1999). Target Population: General U.S. population. Time Horizon: 50 to 80 years of age. Perspective: Third-party payer. Intervention: Aspirin therapy in patients screened with sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and fecal occult blood testing every year (FS/FOBT) or colonoscopy every 10 years (COLO). Outcome Measures: Discounted cost per life-year gained. Results of Base-Case Analysis: When a 30% reduction in colorectal cancer risk was assumed, aspirin increased costs and decreased life-years because of related complications as an adjunct to FS/FOBT and cost $149 161 per life-year gained as an adjunct to COLO. In patients already taking aspirin, screening with FS/FOBT or COLO cost less than $31 000 per life-year gained. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Cost-effectiveness estimates depended highly on the magnitude of colorectal cancer risk reduction with aspirin, aspirin-related complication rates, and the screening adherence rate in the population. However, when the model's inputs were varied over wide ranges, aspirin chemoprophylaxis remained generally non–cost-effective for patients who adhere to screening. Conclusions: In patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening, aspirin use should not be based on potential chemoprevention. Aspirin chemoprophylaxis alone cannot be considered a substitute for colorectal cancer screening. Public policy should focus on improving screening adherence, even in patients who are already taking aspirin.
Participation in Cardiac Rehabilitation and Survival After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Quinn R. Pack, Kashish Goel, Brian D. Lahr, Kevin L. Greason, Ray W. Squires, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Zixin Zhang, Randal J. Thomas
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recommended for all patients after coronary artery bypass surgery, yet little is known about the long-term mortality effects of CR in this population.We performed a community-based analysis on residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery between 1996 and 2007. We assessed the association between subsequent outpatient CR attendance and long-term survival. Propensity analysis was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression was then used to assess the association between CR attendance and all-cause mortality adjusted for the propensity to attend CR. We identified 846 eligible patients (age 66±11 years, 76% men, and 96% non-Hispanic whites) who survived at least 6 months after surgery, of whom 582 (69%) attended CR. During a mean (±SD) follow-up of 9.0±3.7 years, the 10-year all-cause Kaplan-Meier mortality rate was 28% (193 deaths). Adjusted for the propensity to attend CR, participation in CR was associated with a 10-year relative risk reduction in all-cause mortality of 46% (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.74; P<0.001) and a 10-year absolute risk reduction of 12.7% (number needed to treat=8). There was no evidence of a differential effect of CR on mortality with respect to age (≥65 versus <65 years), sex, diabetes, or prior myocardial infarction.CR attendance is associated with a significant reduction in 10-year all-cause mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. Our results strongly support national standards that recommend CR for this patient group.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Using International Diabetes Foundation and Adult Treatment Panel III Criteria
Authors: Katherine Samaras, Handan Wand, Matthew Law, Sean Emery, David Cooper, Andrew Carr
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Definitions exist to identify those “at risk.” Treatment of HIV infection with highly active antiretroviral therapy can induce severe metabolic complications including lipodystrophy, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients and compare insulin resistance and total body, limb, and visceral fat and adipokines in those with and without metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was an international cross-sectional study of a well-characterized cohort of 788 HIV-infected adults recruited at 32 centers. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was examined using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) criteria, relative to body composition (whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomography), lipids, glycemic parameters, insulin resistance, leptin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS—The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 14% (n = 114; 83 men) by IDF criteria and 18% (n = 139; 118 men) by ATPIII criteria; the concordance was significant but only moderate (κ = 0.46, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Many patients (49%) had at least two features of metabolic syndrome but were not classified as having metabolic syndrome as their waist circumferences or waist-to-hip ratios were in the non–metabolic syndrome range. Metabolic syndrome was more common in those currently receiving protease inhibitors (P = 0.04). Type 2 diabetes prevalence was five- to ninefold higher in those with metabolic syndrome. With IDF criteria, subjects with metabolic syndrome showed disturbances in inflammation and adipokines: they had higher CRP (5.5 ± 7.0 vs. 3.9 ± 6.0 mg/l, P &amp;lt; 0.003) and leptin (9 ± 9 vs. 4 ± 6 ng/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and lower adiponectin (12 ± 8 vs. 15 ± 10 μg/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) levels. By ATPIII criteria, those with metabolic syndrome had higher leptin (6 ± 8 ng/ml, P = 0.006) and lower adiponectin (15 ± 10 vs. 18 ± 8 μg/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) levels. CONCLUSIONS—Metabolic syndrome prevalence in HIV-positive adults was lower than that reported for the general population. Metabolic syndrome was associated with a substantially increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes in this specific cohort. Many subjects without metabolic syndrome had at least two metabolic syndrome components (particularly elevated lipid levels) but did not meet waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio cutoff metabolic syndrome criteria in this group with high rates of body fat partitioning disturbances.
Abstract 388: Muscle Sympathetic Nervous Activity in Depressed Patients Before and After Treatment with Sertraline.
Authors: Joao B Azul, Andreia Z Scalco, Maria U Rondon, Ivani C Trombetta, Eleanor M Pullenayegum, Mateus C Laterza, Monica Z Scalco, Mauricio Wajngarten, Carlos E Negrao, Francisco Lotufo Neto
Journal: Circulation (2008)
AT 1 -receptorblocker versus angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in acute myocardial infarction? Role of dosage and bradykinin on remodeling, hemodynamics and mortality in the rat model
Authors: P. Gaudron, K. Hu, T. Zdrojewski, A. Hagebeuker, J. Kaden, W. Coesfeld, A. Koch, D. Fraccarollo, E. Schonaich, G. Erti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Needs and demands for ophthalmology services.
Authors: R. Wormald, J. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1992)

extraction we have used the prevalence of cataract in the population and the methods to which the authors refer to derive estimates of the incidence.We adjust for ethnic origin, the discrepancy between diagnostic and operative thresholds, attrition by death, and the level of contraindicated operations.Our estimates also suggest that unmet need for cataract extraction exists but they are unaffected by factors such as knowledge of, or access to, services that may distort demand incidence among elderly people.
Abstract 849: Reactive oxygen species mediated activation of AMP activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase plays a critical role in beta sitosterol induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma U266 cells.
Authors: Sun-Mi Cho, Ji-Sung Kim, Hyosook song, Eun-Jung Sohn, Ji-Hyun Kim, Ji Hoon Jung, Jung-Hyo Kim, Soo-Jin Jeong, Eun-OK Lee, HyoJeong Lee, Sung Hoon Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Although beta sitosterol has been well known to have anti-tumor activity in liver, lung, colon, stomach, breast and prostate cancers via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, the underlying mechanism of anti-cancer effect of beta sitosterol in multiple myeloma cells was never elucidated until now. Thus, in the present study, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in association with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways was demonstrated in beta sitosterol treated multiple myeloma U266 cells. Beta sitosterol exerted cytotoxicity, increased sub-G1 apoptotic population and activated caspase-9 and -3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) followed by decrease in mitochondrial potential in U266 cells. Beta sitosterol promoted ROS production, activated AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and JNK in U266 cells. Also, beta sitosterol attenuated the phosphorylation of AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S6K, and the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)2 and VEGF in U266 cells. Conversely, AMPK inhibitor compound C and JNK nhibitor SP600125 suppressed apoptosis induced by beta sitosterol in U266 cells. Furthermore, ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) attenuated beta sitosterol mediated sub-G1 accumulation, PARP cleavage, JNK and AMPK activation in U266 cells. Overall, these findings for the first time suggest that ROS mediated activation of cancer metabolism related genes such as AMPK and JNK plays an important role in beta sitosterol induced apoptosis in U266 multiple myeloma cells. Citation Format: Sun-Mi Cho, Ji-Sung Kim, Hyosook song, Eun-Jung Sohn, Ji-Hyun Kim, Ji Hoon Jung, Jung-Hyo Kim, Soo-Jin Jeong, Eun-OK Lee, HyoJeong Lee, Sung Hoon Kim. Reactive oxygen species mediated activation of AMP activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase plays a critical role in beta sitosterol induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma U266 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 849. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-849
Retrospective comparison of filgrastim plus plerixafor to other regimens for remobilization after primary mobilization failure: Clinical and economic outcomes
Authors: Janelle B. Perkins, Jamie F. Shapiro, Ryan N. Bookout, Gary C. Yee, Claudio Anasetti, William E. Janssen, Hugo F. Fernandez
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes in patients receiving remobilization therapy after primary mobilization failure. Our primary endpoint was to compare filgrastim plus plerixafor to other regimens in their ability to collect a target cell dose of at least 2 million CD34+ cells/kg (cumulative). Of 96 consecutive patients who failed their primary mobilization therapy and in whom a second mobilization was attempted, remobilization consisted of filgrastim plus plerixafor (n = 38), filgrastim with or without sargramostim (n = 43), or chemotherapy plus filgrastim (n = 15), 84% of filgrastim/plerixafor patients were able to collect at least 2 million CD34+ cells/kg from both mobilizations, compared to 60% of patients mobilized with chemotherapy/filgrastim and 79% of the filgrastim ± sargramostim patients (P = 0.17). However, when combined with cells collected from the first mobilization, 53% of filgrastim/plerixafor patients reached the target of 2 million CD34+ cells in one apheresis, compared to 20% of those receiving chemotherapy/filgrastim and 28% of those receiving filgrastim ± sargramostim (P = 0.02). Resource utilization, mobilization drug costs, clinical care costs, and total costs were significantly different. We conclude that while filgrastim/plerixafor is the most efficient remobilization strategy, those clinical benefits may not translate into lower cost, especially when multiple days of plerixafor administration are required.
Cross‐reactivity among birch pollen, vegetables and fruits as detected by IgE antibodies is due to at least three distinct cross‐reactive structures
Authors: P. G. Calkhoven, M. Aalbers, V. L. Koshte, O. Pos, H. D. Oei, R. C. Aalberse
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Sera of patients suffering from birch pollinosis were studied in the radio‐allergo‐sorbent test (RAST) for the presence of IgE antibodies to various allergens of vegetable origin. The sera selected were positive in the RAST for both birch pollen and fruits. IgE antibodies directed against at least three different cross‐reacting determinants in birch pollen were detected. In addition to periodate‐susceptible cross‐reacting determinants, which are found on a number of glycoproteins, two non‐related periodate‐resistent determinants were found in birch pollen, with molecular weights of 20 and 18 kD, respectively. The 20‐kD component appears to be responsible for the co‐occurrence of the binding of IgE to allergens of fresh fruits, whereas the 18‐kD component appears to cause the cross‐re activity among grass pollen, potato and fruits.
Treatment of Injuries to Athletes
Authors: Owen B. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This excellent, comprehensive volume is the long-awaited answer to the needs of physicians interested in sports injuries. Dr. O'Donoghue, an outstanding orthopedic surgeon, is thoroughly familiar with affections of the musculoskeletal system. He uniquely applies his knowledge to this special field and presents it in a well-organized, concise manner. The manuscript is in 3 major parts which are divided into 21 chapters. The introductory chapter presents a description of the whys and wherefores of competitive athletics, and may be profitably studied by the layman as it discusses the role of the physician in his relationship to athletes and injuries. Emphasis is placed on early examination and diagnosis and a wellplanned course of therapy. Chapter 2 is devoted to the prevention of injuries, and emphasis is placed on physical conditioning, good coaching, adequate equipment, proper playing fields, and so forth, in reducing risks. Protective adhesive strapping is advocated to protect normal
The Eye of the Storm
Authors: Tsung O. Cheng
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 June 1992The Eye of the StormTsung O. Cheng, MDTsung O. Cheng, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-11-959_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:Sadly, the day after publication of his article (1), Dr. Aoun died. I was deeply touched by his presentation of how to be a good doctor. In the current era of high technology and busy practice, most of us tend to forget that doctors are human beings, too, and are not immortal....Reference References1. Aoun H. From the eye of the storm, with the eyes of a physician. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:335-8. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Aoun H. When a house officer gets AIDS. New Engl J Med. 1989;321:693-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Aoun H. From the eye of the storm, with the eyes of a physician. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:335-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. RoterHall DJ. Physician's interviewing styles and medical information obtained from patients. J Gen Intern Med. 1987;2:325-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Osler W. Asclepius and Other Lectures. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Tsung O. Cheng, MDAffiliations: The George Washington University Medical Center Washington, DC 20037 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1992Volume 116, Issue 11Page: 959-959KeywordsStorms ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Manual of Surgical Therapeutics
Authors: Martin S. Litwin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Though the title is somewhat misleading, rarely has this reviewer had the opportunity to consider a book of this sort in such detail. It has been entitled Manual of Surgical Therapeutics , but after getting through the material, it seems that it might more appropriately have been titled Treatment of the Acutely Ill and Injured .  Each chapter is filled with gems of medical information presented in brief and understandable form. The chapter on cardiac arrhythmias suffers somewhat from lack of typical ECG patterns for several common cardiac problems seen in the emergency room, the intensive care unit, and the surgical wards, such as heart block. The chapter on intestinal obstruction is particularly complete. The section on drains and tubes (p 154) should be mandatory reading for all medical students and surgical house officers. A welcome addition is the outstanding chapter on surgical infections, which includes the most recent available information. The
The Role of Cockroach Allergy and Exposure to Cockroach Allergen in Causing Morbidity among Inner-City Children with Asthma
Authors: David L. Rosenstreich, Peyton Eggleston, Meyer Kattan, Dean Baker, Raymond G. Slavin, Peter Gergen, Herman Mitchell, Kathleen McNiff-Mortimer, Henry Lynn, Dennis Ownby, Floyd Malveaux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

It has been hypothesized that asthma-related health problems are most severe among children in inner-city areas who are allergic to a specific allergen and also exposed to high levels of that allergen in bedroom dust.
Acquired factor VIII inhibitors?successful treatment with an oral outpatient regimen
Authors: Ruthee-Lu Bayer, Stuart M. Lichtman, Steven L. Allen, Daniel R. Budman, Aby Buchbinder, James Fetten, Jonathan Kolitz, John Loscalzo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

A rare cause of a spontaneous, life threatening coagulopathy in adults is the development of autoantibodies to factor VIII. We recently had the opportunity to treat seven patients with this disorder. After stabilization, they were given a regimen consisting of prednisone and oral cyclophosphamide. All patients had a complete response to treatment. The median time to response was three weeks. Durable remissions were achieved, making this oral regimen an acceptable treatment for this disorder. Am. J. Hematol. 60:70–71, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Acute visual loss and pituitary apoplexy after surgery
Authors: Joseph Abbott, Graham R Kirkby
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Pituitary apoplexy is a dangerous condition, often characterised by acute onset of headache, nausea, visual field loss, and ocular paresis. 1 2 The condition is primarily caused by acute swelling of a pre-existing pituitary adenoma.Postmortem surveys have found incidental pituitary adenomas with a prevalence of 5-20%. 3The incidence of symptomatic apoplexy among pituitary tumours is 2-5%. 1 2 4 5 These incidences indicate that pituitary apoplexy is more common than is being diagnosed.The underlying tumour is usually found only at the time of the apoplectic episode. 6The term "pituitary apoplexy" also describes acute enlargement of a non-tumorous gland, termed "Sheehan's syndrome," when seen in the context of obstetric haemorrhage. 7ituitary apoplexy is initially misdiagnosed in more than three quarters of cases. 4Also, delayed diagnosis and treatment are more likely to result in permanent endocrinopathy and visual impairment. 1 2 Death can result from unrecognised pituitary insufficiency or as a complication of decompression surgery.Overall deaths in recent studies varied from 0% 2 5 6 to 7%. 4 We present two cases of pituitary apoplexy and visual loss after major surgery.In both cases the patient had visual disturbance while recovering.These cases are diagnostically challenging because clinical features such as reduced consciousness and electrolyte abnormalities may be misinterpreted as iatrogenic postoperative complications.
Measuring Progress Toward Achieving Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>Goals in Diabetes Care
Authors: Leonard Pogach, Michael Engelgau, David Aron
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Decreased fibrinolytic potential in patients with idiopathic avascular necrosis and transient osteoporosis of the hip
Authors: Peter J. Van Veldhuizen, James Neff, Mark D. Murphey, David Bodensteiner, Barry S. Skikne
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract A thrombotic etiology has been suggested as the cause of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the hip, although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown. Transient osteoporosis of the hip has also been suggested to represent bone marrow edema that may be related to ischemia. We evaluated four patients with idiopathic avascular necrosis and one patient with transient osteoporosis of the hip for thrombotic potential placing a special emphasis on the fibrinolytic system. All five patients had identifiable abnormalities of fibrinolysis. Four patients had elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐1) and one patient had an inadequate increase in tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) post venous occlusion. Serum triglycerides were increased in three of the patients. These findings suggest an association between decreased fibrinolytic potential and the subsequent development of avascular necrosis and transient osteoporosis of the hip. These patients should have an evaluation of the fibrinolytic system with tPA and PAI‐1 levels as well as a lipid profile. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.