tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetics of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Elisabeth Gillis, Lut Van Laer, Bart L. Loeys
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Aortic aneurysm, including both abdominal aortic aneurysm and thoracic aortic aneurysm, is the cause of death of 1% to 2% of the Western population. This review focuses only on thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. During the past decade, the genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections has revealed perturbed extracellular matrix signaling cascade interactions and deficient intracellular components of the smooth muscle contractile apparatus as the key mechanisms. Based on the study of different Marfan mouse models and the discovery of several novel thoracic aortic aneurysm genes, the involvement of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway has opened unexpected new avenues. Overall, these discoveries have 3 important consequences. First, the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections is better understood, although some controversy still exists. Second, the management strategies for the medical and surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections are becoming increasingly gene-tailored. Third, the pathogenetic insights have delivered new treatment options that are currently being investigated in large clinical trials.
Diagnosis--the next frontier
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2006)

This week's bmjupdates+—immediately on the left if you're reading the print journal—looks at the causes of temperatures exceeding 41°C in children presenting to US emergency departments. Fewer than half had any sort of infection; viral infections were as common as bacterial infections; and neither white cell count nor absolute neutrophil count helped to distinguish between viral and bacterial infections.

Once the diagnoses had been made—urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli , lobar pneumonias by Streptococcus pneumoniae —the treatment was presumably straightforward. En route to treatment, however, the contribution of the signs (high temperature) and tests (white cell count) …
Case Report: Lung Disease in World Trade Center Responders Exposed to Dust and Smoke: Carbon Nanotubes Found in the Lungs of World Trade Center Patients and Dust Samples
Authors: Maoxin Wu, Ronald E. Gordon, Robin Herbert, Maria Padilla, Jacqueline Moline, David Mendelson, Virginia Litle, William D. Travis, Joan Gil
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

After the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001, a dense cloud of dust containing high levels of airborne pollutants covered Manhattan and parts of Brooklyn, New York. Between 60,000 and 70,000 responders were exposed. Many reported adverse health effects.In this report we describe clinical, pathologic, and mineralogic findings in seven previously healthy responders who were exposed to WTC dust on either 11 September or 12 September 2001, who developed severe respiratory impairment or unexplained radiologic findings and underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical lung biopsy procedures at Mount Sinai Medical Center. WTC dust samples were also examined. We found that three of the seven responders had severe or moderate restrictive disease clinically. Histopathology showed interstitial lung disease consistent with small airways disease, bronchiolocentric parenchymal disease, and nonnecrotizing granulomatous condition. Tissue mineralogic analyses showed variable amounts of sheets of aluminum and magnesium silicates, chrysotile asbestos, calcium phosphate, and calcium sulfate. Small shards of glass containing mostly silica and magnesium were also found. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) of various sizes and lengths were noted. CNT were also identified in four of seven WTC dust samples.These findings confirm the previously reported association between WTC dust exposure and bronchiolar and interstitial lung disease. Long-term monitoring of responders will be needed to elucidate the full extent of this problem. The finding of CNT in both WTC dust and lung tissues is unexpected and requires further study.
Current and Potential Drugs for Treatment of Obesity
Authors: George A. Bray, Frank L. Greenway
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

I. Introduction II. Criteria for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antiobesity Treatment III. Physiological and Pharmacological Mechanisms to Reduce Food Intake A. Peripherally acting agents B. Centrally acting agents IV. Drugs That Alter Metabolism A. Preabsorptive agents B. Postabsorptive modifiers of nutrient metabolism V. Drugs That Increase Energy Expenditure A. Thyroid hormone B. Adrenergic thermogenic drugs VI. Conclusion
Building Surgical Research Capacity in Africa: The Ptolemy Project
Authors: Miliard Derbew, Massey Beveridge, Andrew Howard, Niall Byrne
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

The Ptolemy Project ( www.ptolemy.ca) is a recently developed model of electronic access to medical literature for surgeons in developing countries. The program provides for East African surgeons to become research affiliates of the University of Toronto and have access to the full text resources of the university library, via a secure system that monitors and evaluates their usage [ 1]. 

The project started in 2001, and the beneficiaries of the project so far are 201 doctors, mostly belonging to the Association of Surgeons of East Africa ( Figure 1) and the College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa (COSECSA). In this article, we describe an international collaboration program between the University of Toronto and East African surgical communities through the Ptolemy Project. 



Figure 1

The 2005 Association of Surgeons of East Africa Meeting in Harare
Role of the proximal and distal stomach in mixed solid and liquid meal emptying.
Authors: P J Collins, L A Houghton, N W Read, M Horowitz, B E Chatterton, R Heddle, J Dent
Journal: Gut (1991)

The role of the proximal and distal stomach in the emptying of solids and liquids from the stomach remains unclear. We have used a dual isotope technique to quantify proximal and distal stomach emptying of a solid (100 g of 99mTc labelled liver/ground beef) liquid (either 200 ml of normal saline (eight subjects) or 25% dextrose (seven subjects) labelled with 113mIn-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid) mixed meal. A manometric catheter simultaneously measured antral, pyloric, and duodenal motor activity. The liquid component dispersed rapidly throughout the stomach and emptied after a minimal lag period. The emptying of the 25% dextrose was delayed compared with the saline. This delay was associated with increased retention of the liquid in the distal stomach, a significant increase in localised phasic pyloric contractions, and a suppression of antral contractions. The solid component initially resided wholly within a proximal stomach reservoir area. Solids then redistributed from proximal to distal stomach during the emptying of liquid from the stomach. Dextrose delayed gastric emptying of solids compared with saline by increasing the solid lag period and retention in the proximal stomach. There was no significant difference between saline and dextrose meals in the distal stomach retention of solid or in the linear rate of emptying after the lag period. We conclude that, contrary to general opinion, the proximal stomach plays an important role in the control of gastric emptying of solids while the distal stomach is important in the emptying of nutrient liquids.
836 EFFECT OF VITAMIN E AND ALFA LIPOIC ACID IN NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: A RANDOMIZED PLACEBO CONTROL PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TRIAL – VAIN TRIAL
Authors: P.P. Basu, N.J. Shah, N. Krishnaswamy, T. Pacana, J. Khemani, S. Farhat, C. Tang, R.S. Brown
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition shows antileukemic activity in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: N Sandhöfer, K H Metzeler, M Rothenberg, T Herold, S Tiedt, V Groiß, M Carlet, G Walter, T Hinrichsen, O Wachter, M Grunert, S Schneider, M Subklewe, A Dufour, S Fröhling, H-G Klein, W Hiddemann, I Jeremias, K Spiekermann
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
Authors: H S Selizer
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1980)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Understanding the effect of ethnic density on mental health: multi-level investigation of survey data from England
Authors: J. Das-Munshi, L. Becares, M. E. Dewey, S. A. Stansfeld, M. J. Prince
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine if living in areas where higher proportions of people of the same ethnicity reside is protective for common mental disorders, and associated with a reduced exposure to discrimination and improved social support. Finally, to determine if any protective ethnic density effects are mediated by reduced exposure to racism and improved social support. <b>Design</b> Multi-level logistic regression analysis of national survey data, with area-level, own-group ethnic density modelled as the main exposure. <b>Participants and setting</b> 4281 participants of Irish, black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and white British ethnicity, aged 16–74 years, randomly sampled from 892 "middle layer super output areas" in England. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Common mental disorders (assessed via structured interviews); discrimination (assessed via structured questionnaire); and social support and social networks (assessed via structured questionnaire). <b>Results</b> Although the most ethnically dense areas were also the poorest, for each 10 percentage point increase in own-group ethnic density, there was evidence of a decreased risk of common mental disorders, for the full ethnic minority sample (odds ratio 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.89 to 0.99); P=0.02, trend), for the Irish group (odds ratio 0.21 (0.06 to 0.74); P=0.01, trend), and for the Bangladeshi group (odds ratio 0.75 (0.62 to 0.91); P=0.005, trend), after adjusting for a priori confounders. For some groups, living in areas of higher own-group density was associated with a reduction in the reporting of discrimination and with improved social support and improved social networks. However, none of these factors mediated ethnic density effects. <b>Conclusions</b> A protective effect of living in areas of higher own-group ethnic density was present for common mental disorders for some minority groups. People living in areas of higher own-group density may report improved social support and less discrimination, but these associations did not fully account for density effects.
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF CYCLOPLEGICS.
Authors: C. H. BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

coffee-ground" vomit of yellow fever.Then, too, hemo- globinuric fever is* endemic and not epidemic.It can readily been seen that under some circum- stances, for instance in the field where examinations of the blood and urine can not be made, that for a time at least it might be difficult to make a diagnosis.Still, even here after a few days the difficulty would be cleared away.details of those cases.Since the appearance of Packard and Le Conte's article I have been able to find in the literature some additional cuses, and can add four unpublished cases, two of which were operated on by myself, and one eaeh by my colleagues, Drs. Lee and
Managed Care and the Competitive Market in Health Care
Authors: Eli Ginzberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE STRENGTHENING of competitive market forces in recent years deserves some of the credit for the recent marked deceleration in the annual increases in national health care expenditures. But several informed analysts believe that the medical insurance premium cycle is once again turning up, which would be a prelude to higher total expenditures.<sup>1</sup> The recent moderation in annual cost increases reflected, in the first instance, the price-focused efforts of large corporate enterprises to moderate their health care benefit costs; the increasing surpluses in hospital beds and underemployed specialists that enabled the rapidly growing managed care companies to negotiate substantial discounts with key providers, physicians, and hospitals; the enthusiasm of the booming stock market to finance the expansion of the rapidly growing managed care sector; and the increasing preference of the sick elderly to be treated at home rather than in nursing homes, which has fueled a large expansion in
Lipid lowering therapy reduces blood thrombogenicity in hypercholesterolemic patients: effect of simvastatin
Authors: U. Rauch, J.J. Badimon, D.A. Vorchheimer, I. Guzman, K. Harris, P. Harris, D.A. Sandler, J.T. Fallon, V. Fuster, J.H. Chosebro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
A Big Study Yields Big Questions
Authors: Abigail Zuger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

It seems that death and taxes are not the only sure things in life anymore. Now, all adults in late middle age must also confront a complex individualized calculation of the risks and benefits of long-term pharmacologic manipulation of the sex hormones.Women and their doctors learned this lesson last summer, when a large study of postmenopausal estrogen and progesterone supplementation was stopped prematurely, with the finding that the hormones relieved menopausal symptoms and lowered the risks of hip fractures and colon cancer but did so at the price of increased risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, and breast cancer.Now . . .
Endosonographically-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Malignant Lesions in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: P. Vilmann, S. Hancke, F. W. Henriksen, G. K. Jacobsen
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

A new method of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine needle aspiration using an ultrasonic endoscope with a curved array transducer mounted in front of the optic lens was developed. As a result of the sector shaped sound field and the direction of the scanning plane it was possible to visualise ultrasonically a needle inserted through the biopsy channel. EUS guided biopsy was performed in 37 patients (with 39 lesions) using three types of needles. Based upon initial testing of several prototype needles a 160 cm long, 0.8 mm diameter needle placed in a Teflon catheter was developed after preliminary results with the first two types were unsatisfactory (positive results for malignancy in 3/11 and 4/8 cases). The third prototype was tested in seven patients with malignant tumours of the upper GI tract. In these patients EUS guided biopsy was positive for malignancy in 7 of 8 solid lesions. Problems related to the technique and criteria for a successful outcome are discussed. The preliminary results show that it is possible to advance a needle into a malignant lesion inside or outside the GI wall during EUS examination and aspirate material for cytologic examination from various lesions. Controlled studies are needed to determine the indications for use and the accuracy of the technique.
Usefulness of Imaging in Disseminated Tuberculosis
Authors: Eyassu Habte-Gabr, Vemblaserry Jayabalan, M Rao Tummala
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Bone scans and MRI images of a 23-year-old male patient are presented. He was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis. The bone scan helped to demonstrate the extent of the bone involvement and was also useful in demonstrating the response to treatment. The MRI studies helped to demonstrate some of the complications like retropharyngeal abscess, paraspinal fluid collections, and cord compression. This case illustrates the value of imaging studies in understanding the degree of tuberculosis, but additional information learned is the value of these studies in making decisions in management and follow up during anti-TB treatment.
Malignant Right Coronary Artery Anomaly Detected by Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography
Authors: Martijn S. Dirksen, Susan E. Langerak, Albert de Roos, Hubert W. Vliegen, J. Wouter Jukema, Jeroen J. Bax, Piotr A. Wielopolski, Ernst E. van der Wall, Hildo J. Lamb
Journal: Circulation (2002)
Adipose tissue and liver expression of SIRT1, 3, and 6 increase after extensive weight loss in morbid obesity
Authors: Alexander R. Moschen, Verena Wieser, Romana R. Gerner, Alexandra Bichler, Barbara Enrich, Patrizia Moser, Christoph F. Ebenbichler, Susanne Kaser, Herbert Tilg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Reduced Synaptic STIM2 Expression and Impaired Store-Operated Calcium Entry Cause Destabilization of Mature Spines in Mutant Presenilin Mice
Authors: Suya Sun, Hua Zhang, Jie Liu, Elena Popugaeva, Nan-Jie Xu, Stefan Feske, Charles L. White, Ilya Bezprozvanny
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Pre-exercise food and heart rate during submaximal exercise.
Authors: S R Bird, S Hay
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

The heart rates of 20 movement studies students were measured during multi-stage cycle ergometer tests. The tests were repeated on five occasions following the ingestion of different pre-exercise meals and the results compared. A glucose solution taken three hours prior to the exercise (G3) resulted in the lowest heart rates at each work rate. The highest heart rates at each work rate were recorded following the ingestion of glucose or protein one hour before the exercise (G1 and P1 respectively). The heart rate values during G3 were on average 10.3 beat.min-1 lower than those used during G1 and P1. Intermediate heart rates were obtained with protein taken three hours prior to the exercise or a complete fast for 12 to 14 hours. The results have implications for those attempting to predict maximum oxygen uptake from submaximal heart rates.
Soluble histone H2AX is induced by DNA replication stress and sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis
Authors: Ying Liu, Joshua A Parry, Anna Chin, Stefan Duensing, Anette Duensing
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2008)

Abstract Background Chromatin-associated histone H2AX is a key regulator of the cellular responses to DNA damage. However, non-nucleosomal functions of histone H2AX are poorly characterized. We have recently shown that soluble H2AX can trigger apoptosis but the mechanisms leading to non-chromatin-associated H2AX are unclear. Here, we tested whether stalling of DNA replication, a common event in cancer cells and the underlying mechanism of various chemotherapeutic agents, can trigger increased soluble H2AX. Results Transient overexpression of H2AX was found to lead to a detectable fraction of soluble H2AX and was associated with increased apoptosis. This effect was enhanced by the induction of DNA replication stress using the DNA polymerase α inhibitor aphidicolin. Cells manipulated to stably express H2AX did not contain soluble H2AX, however, short-term treatment with aphidicolin (1 h) resulted in detectable amounts of H2AX in the soluble nuclear fraction and enhanced apoptosis. Similarly, soluble endogenous H2AX was detected under these conditions. We found that excessive soluble H2AX causes chromatin aggregation and inhibition of ongoing gene transcription as evidenced by the redistribution and/or loss of active RNA polymerase II as well as the transcriptional co-activators CBP and p300. Conclusion Taken together, these results show that DNA replication stress rapidly leads to increased soluble H2AX and that non-chromatin-associated H2AX can sensitize cells to undergo apoptosis. Our findings encourage further studies to explore H2AX and the cellular pathways that control its expression as anti-cancer drug targets.
The Incidence of Drug-Drug Interactions in a Medi-Cal Population.
Authors: Robert B. Talley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972The Incidence of Drug-Drug Interactions in a Medi-Cal Population.Robert B. Talley, M.D., F.A.C.P., Marc F. Laventurier, B. S.Robert B. Talley, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Marc F. Laventurier, B. S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-857_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDrug-drug interactions have been reported to be clinically significant and to have an adverse effect on the course of treatment. The frequency of such events has not been quantified. The drug universe of 45 000 Medi-Cal patients has been challenged through electronic data processing techniques for instances of well-documented major therapeutic interactions. A file of 328 473 prescriptions dispensed in a time frame of over 8 months showed that approximately 15 000 prescriptions that could be considered drug interactions were eliminated. The incidence and the clinical significance of some major potential interactions were assayed for outcomes and relevance for various... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stockton, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byData for Peer Review: Acquisition and Use Results in the Experimental Medical Care Review Organization ProgramRICHARD L. GOLDSTEIN, M.D., JAMES S. ROBERTS, M.D., BABETTE-ANN STANTON, Ph.D., DAVID B. MAGLOTT, M.H.A., MICHAEL J. HORAN, M.D.Drug Interactions 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 857-857KeywordsDrug interactionsDrugs Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of Acute and Chronic Calcium Administration on Plasma Renin
Authors: Theodore A. Kotchen, Kimball I. Mauli, Robert Luke, Douglas Rees, Walter Flamenbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

To evaluate the effect of Ca++ on renin release, plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured after acute and chronic Ca++ administration. 1% CaCl2 was infused into one renal artery of 10 anesthetized dogs (0.3 mg/kg/min). The excreted fraction of filtered calcium (EFca++) and EFNa+ from the infused kidney were elevated (P < 0.04) during three successive 15-min infusion periods. Serum calcium concentration was significantly elevated (P < 0.001). Creatinine clearance, systemic arterial pressure, and renal blood flow did not change (P > 0.10). Compared to control (45 ng/ml/h±5.2 SE), renal venous PRA was suppressed (P < 0.0001) after infusion of Ca++ for 15, 30, and 45 min (20 ng/ml/h±4.6, 16 ng/ml/h±4.0, and 13 ng/ml/h±2.7, respectively). 15 and 30-min after infusion, PRA did not differ from control (P > 0.20). Chronic Ca++ loading was achieved in Sprague-Dawley rats by replacing drinking water with 1% CaCl2 for 17 days. At sacrifice, serum Ca++, Na+, and K+ of controls (n = 12) did not differ (P > 0.60) from Ca++-loaded rats (n = 12). Ca++ excretion (467 μeq/24 h±51) was elevated (P < 0.001) compared to controls (85 μeq/24 h±12). PRA (8.6 ng/ml/h±1.4) and renal renin content of Ca++-loaded rats did not differ from controls (P > 0.80). However, after 8 days of sodium deprivation, both PRA and renal renin content of calcium-loaded animals were significantly lower than the respective values in pair-fed controls (P < 0.005). During the period of sodium deprivation, calcium-drinking animals were in greater negative sodium balance than controls (P < 0.005). The data are consistent with the hypothesis that acute and chronic calcium administration inhibit renin secretion.