tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vulnerable Plaque
Authors: Jessica M. Mann, Michael J. Davies
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The microanatomic features of the atherosclerotic plaque at risk of disruption include a large lipid core, a high macrophage content, and a thin cap. The relation between lipid core size, plaque size, and cap thickness either with each other or with the degree of stenosis has yet to be evaluated in human coronary arteries.Atherosclerotic coronary plaques (n = 160) were obtained from 31 subjects who died suddenly of ischemic heart disease. In coronary arteries perfused with formol saline at a pressure of 100 mm Hg, stenosis was measured by comparison of the minimal lumen size at the site of a plaque with that of the lumen in an adjacent normal segment of artery. Plaque size, the size of the lipid core, and the thickness of the cap were measured in histological sections. Lipid core size ranged from 0% to 82% of overall plaque size. Seventeen percent of plaques had a core size of > 50%. Linear regression showed no relation of core size to stenosis (r = .21). Absolute plaque size bore no relation to core size (r = .14). Minimal cap thickness was not related to core size (r = .06). Ten percent of plaques predicted to be angiographically invisible had cores of > 50%.Two major determinants of plaque vulnerability, core size and cap thickness, are not statistically related. Neither of these two factors that confer vulnerability are related to absolute plaque size or to the degree of stenosis.
Limitations of pulse oximetry: respiratory insufficiency--a failure of detection.
Authors: J A Davidson, H E Hosie
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Abstract</h3> During gastrulation pluripotent epiblast cells specify and spatially arrange the three germ layers. Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been shown to undergo spatially-organized fate specification on micropatterned surfaces. Since <i>in vivo</i> validation is not possible for the human, we developed a mouse PSC micropattern system and, by making direct comparisons to mouse embryos, reveal the robust specification of distinct regional identities. BMP, WNT, ACTIVIN and FGF directed mouse epiblast-like cells to undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and radially pattern posterior mesoderm fates. Conversely, WNT, ACTIVIN and FGF patterned anterior mesoderm and endoderm identities. By contrast, epiblast stem cells, a more developmentally advanced state, only specified anterior identities but without patterning. The mouse micropattern system offers a robust scalable method to generate regionalized cell types present <i>in vivo</i>, resolve how signals promote distinct cellular identities and generate patterns, and compare mechanisms operating <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> and across species.
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone-Producing Tumors: Clinical, Biochemical, and Morphological Manifestations*
Authors: TOSHIAKI SANO, SYLVIA L. ASA, KALMAN KOVACS
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1988)

GOLDMAN (1) in 1949 reported a patient with the combination of bronchial endocrine tumor, pituitary adenoma composed of three cell types, and bilateral adrenal adenomas; clinical features included coarse skin, a large tongue, hypertrichosis, and hypertension. He suggested that the bronchial tumor produced a factor which stimulated adenomatous growth in other organs. The role of a pulmonary endocrine tumor as a cause of typical acromegaly was first demonstrated in 1959 by Altmann and Schiitz (2), who observed regression of acromegalic features after removal of the pulmonary tumor. Subsequently, several cases of acromegaly associated with extrapituitary endocrine tumors were reported and the presence of GH-releasing activity in extrapituitary tumors was suggested by several investigators (3–6). In 1979, two groups successfully demonstrated for the first time GH-releasing activity in bronchial endocrine tumors derived from acromegalic patients (7,8), and the next year Frohman et al. (9) reported that extracts of a pancreatic endocrine tumor removed from a patient with acromegaly had considerable bioactivity in inducing GH release.
Catalysis as a key technology for the environmentally benign synthesis of amines and amino acids
Authors: Matthias Beller
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1999)

The rhodium-catalyzed amination of aromatic olefins and the palladium-catalyzed amidocarbonylation of aldehydes are presented as new atom-efficient methods to yield biologically interesting amines and N-acyl amino acids. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 19, No. 5, 357–369, 1999
Hospital admissions among students during a three-year period.
Authors: G. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1967)

need expert advice, with secretarial and financial assistance.Time spent on consultation increases steadily, and it is thought that time could be saved by bringing some patients to us by special transport arrangements.Plans are advanced towards setting up a high-frequency radio link between the centre, doctors, and midwives.The suggestion has been made that doctors working from health centres should be salaried.We have no wish for this, and seek to retain our independence.Finally I am sure that this centre must remain an experimental venture, and also that there must be pooling of knowledge on
Mortality from and Risk of Gastric Carcinoma Among Patients with Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: J. Mosbech, A. Videbaek
Journal: BMJ (1950)

INSULIN-INDUCED ABNORMALITIES IN CHICKENSEby causing disturbances to cellular carbohydrate meta- bolism at critical periods during development.Further, I have experimental proof that insulin-induced deformities can be prevented to a remarkable extent by injecting nicotinamide and riboflavin into eggs along with insulin, and details of this work will be given in another paper dealing with the preventive aspect of the problem. SummaryThough genetic factors play an important part in the causation of congenital anomalies, it has been shown in recent years that certain environmental factors can interfere with the normal developmental processes in the embryo.An account of the skeletal abnormalities induced by insulin has been given.It has been suggested that unchecked insulin hypoglycaemia during the early stages of development may adversely affect the development of the cartilaginous skeleton and of the eyes by depriving them of their essential constituent mucoprotein to varying degrees.This experimental research has been conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Liverpool, with the aid of
Autoreactive erythroid progenitor‐T suppressor cells in the pure red cell aplasia associated with thymoma and panhypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Kenneth F. Mangan, Robert Volkin, Alan Winkelstein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract In vitro erythroid culture studies and lymphocyte markers were performed in a patient with a spindle cell thymoma who developed red cell aplasia, panhypogammaglobulinemia, and multiple opportunistic infections. At the time of presentation, erythroid progenitor cells (CFUe, BFUe) were markedly reduced when cultured from marrow mononuclear cells. Removal of T cells from bone marrow mononuclear cells by Erosetting or complement‐mediated lysis with OKT3 pan T cell monoclonal antibody increased growth of erythroid progenitor cells in vitro. Readdition of bone marrow or pleural fluid T cells derived from the thymoma suppressed autologous, but not allogenic, erythroid progenitor cell (CFUe, BFUe) proliferation in vitro. The erythroid progenitor suppressor T cells were predominantly OKTH +, OKT3 +, OKT8 + and Ia + consistent with activated suppressor T cells. Treatment of the patient with cyclophsphamide and corticosteroids reduced marrow lymphocytes fourfold, and a prompt reticulocytosis ensued. After recovery, erythroid progenitor cells were easily detectable. These studies provide new evidence for T cell‐mediated suppression of erythropoiesis in a unique subset of patients with red cell aplasia associated with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia.
Unique Antimicrobial Effects of Platelet‐Rich Plasma and Its Efficacy as a Prophylaxis to Prevent Implant‐Associated Spinal Infection
Authors: Hongshuai Li, Therwa Hamza, John E. Tidwell, Nina Clovis, Bingyun Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Platelet‐rich‐plasma (PRP) has attracted great attention and has been increasingly used for a variety of clinical applications including orthopedic surgeries, periodontal and oral surgeries, maxillofacial surgeries, plastic surgeries, and sports medicine. However, very little is known about the antimicrobial activities of PRP. PRP is found to have antimicrobial properties both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the antimicrobial properties of PRP are bacterial‐strain‐specific and time‐specific: PRP significantly (80‐100 fold reduction in colony‐forming units) inhibits the growth of methicillin‐sensitive and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Group A streptococcus, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae within the first few hours but it has no significant antimicrobial properties against E. coli and Pseudomonas. The antimicrobial properties of PRP also depend on the concentration of thrombin. In vivo, an implant‐associated spinal infection rabbit model is established and used to evaluate the antimicrobial and wound‐healing properties of PRP. Compared to the infection controls, PRP treatment results in significant reduction in bacterial colonies in bone samples at all time points studied (i.e. 1, 2, and 3 weeks) and significant increase in mineralized tissues (thereby better bone healing) at postoperative weeks 2 and 3. PRP therefore may be a useful adjunct strategy against postoperative implant‐associated infections.
Fragmented QRS Complexes on ECG in Hypertensive Patients are Signify More Severe Left Ventricular Diastolic Abnormalities
Authors: Hasan Kadı, Ayse Kevser Demir, Kayıhan Karaman, İbrahim Halil Damar, Köksal Ceyhan, Çağrı Zorlu, Barış Aygüç
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Chylomicronemia Syndrome in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alan Chait, H Thomas Robertson, John D Brunzell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Lipemic plasma with marked elevations of plasma triglyceride levels (3221 +/- 1590 mg/dl) and fasting chylomicronemia was observed in nine patients with uncontrolled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Every case had hypertriglyceridemic relatives, suggesting that the very high triglyceride values seen resulted from the coexistence of diabetes with a familial form of hypertriglyceridemia. A number of clinical and biochemical features observed in the diabetic patients and also in a group of nondiabetic controls with comparable degrees of hypertriglyceridemia suggests that these manifestations are related to high plasma triglyceride levels rather than to the diabetes per se. Chronic abdominal pain, mental confusion, and memory loss improved with lipid-lowering therapy and clearing the plasma of chylomicrons. Pulmonary function tests, red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and hemoglobin oxygen affinity were normal; the mild hypoxemia observed is believed to be an artifact. It is suggested that a syndrome due to chylomicronemia can occur in uncontrolled non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, who in addition have a familial form of hypertriglyceridemia. To prevent manifestations of this syndrome in these patients, specific lipid-lowering therapy may be required in addition to control of their diabetes.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Physichromie No. 965&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Boris Pasche
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. A new way to lower risk of severe hypoglycemia, improve metabolic control, and enhance coping in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Authors: E A Boland, M Grey, A Oesterle, L Fredrickson, W V Tamborlane
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Recommendations from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) indicate that adolescents with type 1 diabetes should be treated with intensive therapy involving multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin or insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII] to help obtain better metabolic control and prevent later complications. Interest has thus focused on insulin pump therapy to help adolescents meet this challenge. The purpose of this study was to examine responses to CSII and MDI in a large group of adolescents with established type 1 diabetes during a 12-month period and to determine whether either treatment regimen more favorably affected clinical and psychosocial outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: One-third of 75 youths aged 12-20 years who were candidates for intensive therapy chose CSII as their mode of treatment. Patients received intensive treatment and education as described by the DCCT investigators. Psychosocial data (e.g., quality of life, depression, self-efficacy, and coping) were collected at baseline and at 6-month intervals, and clinical data (e.g., HbA1c levels, adverse events) were collected every 4-6 weeks. RESULTS: Although both MDI- and CSII-treated adolescents initially exhibited improved metabolic control, this level of control was more difficult to sustain for 12 months in the MDI group (at 6 months HbA1c = 8.1, at 12 months HbA1c = 8.3), whereas average HbA1c levels in the CSII group continued to decrease during the 12 months of treatment (at 6 months HbA1c = 7.7, at 12 months HbA1c = 7.5). Despite lower HbA1c levels in CSII-versus MDI-treated patients, the rate of severe hypoglycemic events was reduced by almost 50% in the CSII group (P = 0.01). Self-reported questionnaires demonstrated that there was improvement in self-efficacy, depression, and quality of life in both MDI- and CSII-treated patients. Finally, adolescents using CSII found coping with diabetes to be less difficult than adolescents using MDI did. CONCLUSIONS: CSII is an alternative means to lower HbA1c levels and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia without adversely affecting psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Abstract 3537: Synergistic effect of a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor in combination with erlotinib on multiple carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Qing Sheng, Hui Li, Hanh Do, Natalie Liu, Zhidong Xu, David Jablons, Biao He
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The aberrant activation of Hedgehog(Hh)/Gli signaling has been implicated in a broad spectrum of malignant tumors. Targeted inhibition at the cell membrane of Hh pathway, for example with Smoothened(Smo) and Hh inhibitors, has shown promising preclinical and clinical anti-cancer activity. However, a growing body of evidence has revealed additional mechanisms in the activation of the Gli pathway that are independent of Hh/Smo regulation. These mechanisms are stimulated by the cross-talk between downstream components of the Hh/Smo and other oncogenic signaling pathways, such as the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathway. Based on this, we hypothesized that the simultaneous inhibition of the EGFR pathway and Gli pathway would result in synergistic anti-tumor effects. To test this hypothesis, we used erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in combination an Hh pathway inhibitor on various lung and mesothelioma cancer cell lines. It has been demonstrated that erlotinib and other TKIs are active in lung cancers with EGFR gene mutations, while not as effective in those with wild type EGFR. However in our studies, the application of the Hh pathway inhibitor sensitized EGFR wild type cells to erlotinib treatment with more than a 10-fold decrease of IC50 in multiple lung cell lines. In addition, the dual treatment resulted in promising synergism in both mesothelioma and lung cancer cell lines with a combination index of less than 0.7. To study the mechanism of crosstalk between the two pathways, we have examined the activities of EGFR, Hh and Wnt pathways in single and dual treatments. Based on our results, we believe that dual inhibition of Hh/Gli and EGFR pathways may be a promising targeted therapy for lung cancers and mesothelioma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3537. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3537
Women in Medicine: Beyond Prejudice
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Women in medicine tend to evoke extreme views. On the one hand it is argued that women in medicine are simply more trouble than they're worth, that they ask too many special favors, are somehow not quite serious, and probably should be home with the children anyway. Opposed is the belief that women should be in medicine to the same extent as men, but are not because of discrimination based on prejudice. According to this view, once the barriers of prejudice are removed, all we need to do is encourage women to take their place alongside men, not only as . . .
The Watermelon Stomach: Clinical, Endoscopic, Endosonographic, and Therapeutic Aspects in Three Cases
Authors: F. Parente, M. Petrillo, L. Vago, G. Bianchi Porro
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Background and Study Aims: To date, the endosonographic (EUS) appearance of watermelon stomach is unknown, and few reports have described the effectiveness of Nd:YAG lasers in the treatment of this condition. This study reports on the first EUS description of watermelon stomach, as well as the clinical, endoscopic, and EUS response to Nd:YAG laser therapy.
Effects of Cigarette Smoke Extract and Nicotine on Regulator of G Protein Signaling-2 Expression in Human Airway Smooth Muscle and Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Farnaz Tabatabaian, Michael Teng, Kim C. Tran, Diane Allen-Gipson, Zhi Tian, Richard F. Lockey, Yan Xie, Yaping Tu, Thomas B. Casale
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
The Ethics of the Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Arthur Schafer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

THE ethics of medical experimentation on human subjects has attracted much attention in recent years. There has, however, been rather less attention paid to the special ethical problems and dilemmas posed by the randomized clinical trial.The sheer number of such trials, the risks and costs that they involve, and the dangers that are posed both by permitting and by restricting their use would seem to warrant further ethical analysis of the randomized clinical trial.This article attempts to distinguish some of the major ethical problems posed by the randomized clinical trial, to set out some of the principal considerations . . .
The decline in energetic metabolism with aging of the erythrocyte and its relationship to cell death
Authors: Carol Seaman, Sonja Wyss, Sergio Piomelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Human erythrocytes were separated by buoyant density ultracentrifugation into fractions of progressively increasing mean cell age to measure the changes in glycolytic activity that occur during their 120‐day life‐span. The maximal activities of all glycolytic enzymes were shown to decline exponentially with cell age. Only three glycolytic enzymes exhibited a marked rate of decline with a t 1/2 shorter than the cell life‐span: hexokinase, aldolase, and pyruvate kinase. Glucose utilization, when measured in steady‐state conditions (1 mM inorganic phosphate), showed a fourfold decrease through the erythrocyte life‐span; lactate production also declined, but at a slower rate. When incubating conditions were altered by the introduction of a metabolic stimulus (either high phosphate for glycolysis, or methylene blue for the pentose pathway) the youngest cell fractions responded with decidedly increased rates of glucose consumption and lactate production. However, this ability gradually declined with cell aging, and ultimately, the oldest cells had metabolic rates as low as if there were no stimulus present. The oldest erythrocytes appear to have lost the flexibility needed to respond to metabolic stress and are more vulnerable to events in the circulation that may require the ability to increase the basal rate. This defect is probably responsible for the disappearance of aged erythrocytes from the circulation.
Inhibitors of collagenolytic enzymes in the serum of patients with chronic liver disorders.
Authors: E J Kucharz
Journal: Gut (1985)

Inhibitory effect of serum on collagenolysis was studied in rat hepatic slices. Sera of patients with cirrhosis contained low concentrations of inhibitors. Higher concentrations were found in sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis and chronic persistent hepatitis, than in healthy individuals. It is suggested that changes of the serum inhibitory activity are responsible for the control of collagen degradation in the injured liver.
Drug Malabsorption and Resistant Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Kalpana B. Patel, Romelle Belmonte, Helen M. Crowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Directly observed therapy for tuberculosis has been advocated as a way to improve compliance and control the emergence of drug resistance.1,2 We recently cared for two patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who were receiving therapy under direct observation when they relapsed with drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, presumably due to subtherapeutic drug levels caused by malabsorption. Patient 1, a 30-year-old man, began receiving directly observed therapy in December 1993; his therapy consisted of isoniazid (300 mg), rifampin (600 mg), and pyrazinamide (800 mg) daily for ileocecal and pulmonary tuberculosis. At that time tuberculosis isolates . . .