tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adrenal function in children with bronchial asthma treated with beclomethasone dipropionate or budesonide
Authors: Hans Bisgaard, Meta Damkjær Nielsen, Bjørn Andersen, Per Andersen, Nils Foged, Gunver Fuglsang, Arne Høst, Carsten Leth, Mogens Pedersen, Inger Pelck, Gerd Stafanger, Øle Østerballe
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
Abstract A70: Interactions between dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in a novel 3-D environment.
Authors: Karen Steponavicius-Cruz, Vanessa Morais Freitas, José Alexandre Marzagão Barbuto
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major antigen-presenting cells and, in situations of change in homeostasis, are able to initiate immune responses through the activation of T lymphocytes. Their immunomodulatory functions and generation in vitro are of great potential for immunotherapy of cancer. Among the many strategies under investigation, one, which our group has been using, is based on the fusion of DCs and tumor cells for therapeutic vaccination. To better understand the interactions between these fused DC-tumor cell hybrids and the different T cell populations, we are developing a three-dimensional (3D) culture system, whose first results are presented here. Methods and Results: Monocytes of healthy donors were purified from PBMCs by magnetic beads selection and induced to differentiate into DCs by treatment with GM-CSF and IL-4. Maturation of monocyte-derived DCs (mMo-DCs) was initiated by addition of TNF-alpha 48 hours or 2.5 hours before analysis. Immature DCs were generated for 7 days in the absence of a maturation stimulus. Allogeneic T lymphocytes were purified from PBMCs by magnetic beads selection and were co-cultured for 17 hours in the 3D Biotek scaffold, at 37 °C. These scaffolds are made from polystyrene and have a thickness of 600 μm, fibers of 150 μm and pores of 200 μm. In this system, mMO-DCs TNF-activated for 2.5 h did not interact with allogeneic T lymphocytes, while those activated for 48 hours did. The average time of interaction between mMo-DCs and T lymphocytes was 4 hours, and the average speed of the T lymphocytes in the scaffold containing 48h-activated mMO-DCs was of 0.94 µm/min. Immature DCs interact with allogeneic T lymphocytes and the average time of interaction was 57 minutes. The average speed of the T lymphocytes in the scaffold containing immature DCs was of 0.93 µm/min. Conclusions: These data indicate that this 3D Biotek scaffold enables interactions between mMO-DCs and lymphocytes and may be useful for the characterization of these interactions, the cellular subtypes and patterns of response induced. Financial Support: FAPESP (2010/18139-7; 2009/54599-5; CNPq). Citation Format: Karen Steponavicius-Cruz, Vanessa Morais Freitas, José Alexandre Marzagão Barbuto. Interactions between dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in a novel 3-D environment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A70.
Organic halogens in the environment: studies of environmental biodegradability and human exposure.
Authors: M Salkinoja-Salonen, J Uotila, J Jokela, M Laine, E Saski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Organic halogens from chlorobleaching of kraft pulp were not as biorecalcitrant as has been assumed. Fifty percent were removed during biotreatment of wastewater, and 50% of the remaining organohalogens faded in fresh water ecosystems in 200 to 400 days. Molecular size seemed not to hinder biodegradation up to sizes of approximately 2000 daltons. Anoxic biodegradation was of prime importance for halomineralization of pulp bleaching organohalogens but could also lead to toxic metabolites such as vinyl chloride from tri- and tetrachloroethene in anoxic soil. Indigenous soil microbes were unable to clean old organohalogen pollution but had converted chlorophenols into polymeric substances, chlorohumus, which were found bioaccumulable by earthworms in spite of the large (up to 5000 g/mole) molecular sizes. Because of the danger of formation of toxic metabolites, the biochemistry of the xenobiotic degradation must be elucidated before active bioremediation is practiced on polluted soil or water. Groundwater pollution by chlorophenols led to increased disease among the exposed population in one well-studied case. Two further cases of potential environmental health impact are described.
Reduced dosage of ERF causes complex craniosynostosis in humans and mice and links ERK1/2 signaling to regulation of osteogenesis
Authors: Stephen R F Twigg, Elena Vorgia, Simon J McGowan, Ioanna Peraki, Aimée L Fenwick, Vikram P Sharma, Maryline Allegra, Andreas Zaragkoulias, Elham Sadighi Akha, Samantha J L Knight, Helen Lord, Tracy Lester, Louise Izatt, Anne K Lampe, Shehla N Mohammed, Fiona J Stewart, Alain Verloes, Louise C Wilson, Chris Healy, Paul T Sharpe, Peter Hammond, Jim Hughes, Stephen Taylor, David Johnson, Steven A Wall, George Mavrothalassitis, Andrew O M Wilkie
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
THE PATHOLOGY OF NEOATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HUMAN CORONARY BARE METAL AND DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTS
Authors: Fumiyuki Otsuka, Gaku Nakazawa, Masataka Nakano, Marc Vorpahl, Saami K. Yazdani, Elena Ladich, Frank D. Kolodgie, Aloke V. Finn, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A COMPREHENSIVE DETERMINATION OF THIORIDAZINE AND ITS METABOLITES IN URINE
Authors: IRENE S. FORREST, SAUL L. KANTER, JOSEPH E. SPERCO, MAGDALENA B. WECHSLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

A comprehensive method for the determination of urinary thioridazine and its metabolites is reported. It is based on adsorption of total urinary drug to a cation exchange resin, from which the drug content is subsequently eluted with 50% sulfuric acid. Subtle differences in metabolic patterns of individual patients result in sulfuric acid eluates ranging from pink to purple, with corresponding differences in wavelength of maximum absorption. The addition of sodium nitrite to these eluates provides a basis of drug evaluation by producing a uniformly absorbing intense purple color with an absorption maximum at 565 millimicron (read in the Beckman DB spectrophotometer). A calibration curve from 0 to 75 microgram of thioridazine was prepared, and absorbance of the unknown is read against this calibration or a similar one to be prepared for the specific spectrophotometer to be used.
Sleep apnoea syndrome secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J L Pepin, E Della Negra, S Grosclaude, C Billon, P Levy
Journal: Thorax (1995)

A patient who developed severe sleepiness and sleep apnoea in association with adult acquired retrognathia and subluxation of the cervical spine at the level of C3-C4, both resulting from rheumatoid arthritis, is described. The possible causative factors of the association between sleep apnoea and rheumatoid arthritis include reduction of the size of the upper airway by temporomandibular joint destruction, brainstem compression due to rheumatoid arthritis affecting the cervical spine, sleep fragmentation, and drug effects.
The role of <i>i</i>NKT cells in development of bronchial asthma: a translational approach from animal models to human
Authors: O. Akbari
Journal: Allergy (2006)

The i NKT cell represents a unique T‐lymphocyte sublineage that has been associated with a broad range of disease processes; including host defense against infectious disease, cancer immunity and allergic autoimmune diseases, such as asthma. Studies in both animal models and human subjects suggest that i NKT cells might significantly affect the course of asthma. This study discusses various aspects of i NKT cell function and how it might lead to an important therapeutic target in asthma (airway hyperreactivity).
A Case of Hiccups
Authors: H. B. Eisenstadt
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor: —</h3> A 64-year-old refinery foreman was hospitalized in March 1949 for intractable hiccough. He was suffering from diabetes, general arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, mild congestive heart failure, and prostatic hypertrophy. However, the treatment of these ailments had no influence on his persistent hiccough. He received carbon dioxide inhalations and the singultus gradually disappeared. During the subsequent years, he repeatedly had to be hospitalized for additional episodes of hiccough. Several times, he went to the hospital for the treatment of respiratory or urinary tract infections, and the hiccough which had not been present at the time of admission started a few days later. During those years, the patient underwent two transurethral resections; each was followed by an episode of hiccough. A great number of remedies were tried and only a few gave temporary relief. In April 1967, again the patient began to have urinary difficulties and hiccough more
Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Varices and Portal Collateral Venous Abnormalities by Endosonography in Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Y. T. Lee, F. K. L. Chan, J. Y. L. Ching, C. W. Lai, V. K. S. Leung, S. C. S. Chung, J. J. Y. Sung
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: The role of endosonography (EUS) in the management of portal hypertension is not well defined. We aimed to study the use of a new generation video-echo endoscope in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal varices (GEV) and extraluminal venous abnormalities in cirrhotic patients. Patients and Methods: Cirrhotic patients were studied by echo endoscopy to assess esophageal varices endoscopically, and gastric varices and extraluminal venous abnormalities sonographically. The results were compared with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) examination. Dyspeptic patients served as controls. Results: A total of 52 cirrhotic and 166 dyspeptic patients were studied. EUS identified esophageal varices (EV) endoscopically in 28 patients (53.8 %), which showed a good correlation with EGD findings (r = 0.855, P < 0.001). The red color sign and portal hypertensive gastropathy were diagnosed in six and seven patients, respectively, by both methods. EUS detected gastric varices sonographically in 16 patients (30.8 %), compared with detection in nine patients by EGD. Extraluminal venous abnormalities were detected in 48 cirrhotic patients (92 %) and in only nine dyspeptic patients (5.4 %) (P < 0.001). The size of extraluminal adventitial venous dilatation was significantly correlated with the severity of GEV and cirrhosis (P < 0.001). Perforating veins were identified in all patients with GEV. Conclusion: The new generation video-echo endoscope could be used as a single investigation in assessing both the intraluminal GEV and extraluminal venous abnormalities in cirrhotic patients. It may improve the management of patients with portal hypertension.
Differences in Mortality From Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery at Five Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Sankey V. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To measure hospital- and surgeon-specific mortality rates for patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and to examine possible reasons for any differences. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort study using hospital discharge abstracts and itemized bills. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Five major teaching hospitals in Philadelphia, Pa. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Consecutive sample of all 4613 patients over a 30-month period. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —In-hospital mortality rates. <h3>Results.</h3> —We observed differences in hospital mortality rates for patients who underwent coronary artery catheterization and CABG surgery during the same admission (diagnosis related group 106) but not for patients who underwent only CABG surgery during the admission (diagnosis related group 107). There were threefold differences in surgeon-specific mortality rates. The hospital mortality rates for coronary artery catheterization and CABG surgery during the same admission changed during the study and coincided with moves of surgeons among study hospitals. Our measures of illness severity did identify patients who were more likely to die, but differences in severity of illness did not explain differences in hospital- or surgeon-specific mortality rates. Patient mortality rates were not associated with the volume of procedures performed by individual surgeons. We found inconclusive evidence for an association with surgeons' clinical skills, and, to a lesser extent, with the hospital's volume of procedures and the hospital's organization and staffing. A greater intensity of hospital services was not necessary for a lower mortality rate. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —We conclude that studies of CABG mortality should examine mortality rates by diagnosis related group, collect data from more than 1 year, examine associations with surgeons' clinical skills, include information on hospital organization and staffing, and cautiously explore more efficient ways of providing care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:810-815)
PNEUMOCOCCUS CULTURES IN WHOLE FRESH BLOOD
Authors: Carroll G. Bull, Luis Bartual
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

1. It has been shown that the whole uncoagulated blood of immune animals is not as highly pneumococcidal in vitro, as has been claimed by others. 2. Cultures of pneumococci in the fresh whole blood of immune animals, as compared with cultures in the blood of susceptible animals, show a greatly prolonged latent period, and, in a general way, the relative lengths of the latent periods of the cultures correspond to the relative resistances of the animals to infection by these organisms. 3. The blood of animals artificially immunized, both actively and passively, retards the growth of pneumococci in the same manner as the blood of naturally immune animals. 4. Microscopic examination of cultures of pneumococci in immune blood reveals chain formation, growth in clumps, and phagocytosis of the organisms by the polynuclear cells. It also shows that growth occurs first in the free serum, the clot being invaded later. 5. The retardation of multiplication depends on two factors, opsonization of the pneumococci by the immune serum and phagocytosis of the organisms by the polynuclear cells; growth readily occurs when either agent is absent. 6. Pneumococci multiply in defibrinated immune blood because few phagocytes are present after defibrination. 7. Pneumococci grow in the most potent immune blood after mechanical destruction of the white cells. 8. It has not been shown that immune blood does not kill a certain number of the pneumococci with which it is inoculated, but the tentative conclusion has been arrived at that no killing occurs since none of the tests became sterile during the course of our experiments.
CIRRHOTIC CHANGES IN THE LIVER FOLLOWING A SINGLE INJURY.
Authors: W. G. MacCALLUM
Journal: JAMA (1906)

It is well known that various poisonous materials circulating in the blood may cause the destruction of the cells of the liver, sometimes in very small foci, sometimes much more diffusely throughout the whole organ. In many cases, as has been emphasized by Opie, this destruction may occur fairly regularly in certain portions or zones of the lobule, while in other cases it is difficult to determine any such regularity. Necroses of similar type may be produced experimentally, as shown by Pearce and others, but they most commonly occur in the course of acute infections and intoxications. When limited in extent they may destroy so little of the liver that no definite symptoms result and the injured area is in time replaced by scar tissue, the remaining liver tissue becoming hypertrophied to compensate for that which was lost. This process may become a more or less continuous one if the
EUTOS score is not predictive for survival and outcome in patients with early chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a single institution experience
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Jorge Cortes, Aziz Nazha, Susan O'Brien, Alfonso Quintas-Cardama, Sherry Pierce, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2012)
Celastraceae Sesquiterpenes as a New Class of Modulators That Bind Specifically to Human P-Glycoprotein and Reverse Cellular Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Francisco Muñoz-Martínez, Peihua Lu, Fernando Cortés-Selva, José María Pérez-Victoria, Ignacio A. Jiménez, Ángel G. Ravelo, Frances J. Sharom, Francisco Gamarro, Santiago Castanys
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Overexpression of ABCB1 (MDR1) P-glycoprotein, a multidrug efflux pump, is one mechanism by which tumor cells may develop multidrug resistance (MDR), preventing the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. Sesquiterpenes from Celastraceae family are natural compounds shown previously to reverse MDR in several human cancer cell lines and Leishmania strains. However, their molecular mechanism of reversion has not been characterized. In the present work, we have studied the ability of 28 dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes to reverse the P-glycoprotein-dependent MDR phenotype and elucidated their molecular mechanism of action. Cytotoxicity assays using human MDR1-transfected NIH-3T3 cells allowed us to select the most potent sesquiterpenes reversing the in vitro resistance to daunomycin and vinblastine. Flow cytometry experiments showed that the above active compounds specifically inhibited drug transport activity of P-glycoprotein in a saturable, concentration-dependent manner (Ki down to 0.24 ± 0.01 μmol/L) but not that of ABCC1 (multidrug resistance protein 1; MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2), and ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein; BCRP) transporters. Moreover, sesquiterpenes inhibited at submicromolar concentrations the P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of [3H]colchicine and tetramethylrosamine in plasma membrane from CHRB30 cells and P-glycoprotein-enriched proteoliposomes, supporting that P-glycoprotein is their molecular target. Photoaffinity labeling in plasma membrane and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments with purified protein suggested that sesquiterpenes interact with transmembrane domains of P-glycoprotein. Finally, sesquiterpenes modulated P-glycoprotein ATPase-activity in a biphasic, concentration-dependent manner: they stimulated at very low concentrations but inhibited ATPase activity as noncompetitive inhibitors at higher concentrations. Sesquiterpenes from Celastraceae are promising P-glycoprotein modulators with potential applications in cancer chemotherapy because of their MDR reversal potency and specificity for P-glycoprotein.
Suppression of Sulfonylurea- and Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion In Vitro and In Vivo in Mice Lacking the Chloride Transport Protein ClC-3
Authors: Dai-Qing Li, Xingjun Jing, Albert Salehi, Stephan C. Collins, Michael B. Hoppa, Anders H. Rosengren, Enming Zhang, Ingmar Lundquist, Charlotta S. Olofsson, Matthias Mörgelin, Lena Eliasson, Patrik Rorsman, Erik Renström
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Comparison of Nitroglycerin-, Nitroprusside-, and Phentolamine-Induced Changes in Coronary Collateral Function in Dogs
Authors: Norine L. Capurro, Kenneth M. Kent, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The recent use of vasodilators to improve ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction led us to investigate the effects of nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, and phentolamine on coronary collateral flow. Dogs were studied 2-4 wk after an ameroid constrictor was placed around the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Retrograde flow and peripheral coronary pressure were measured from a cannula inserted in the LAD distal to the ameroid. Systemic arterial pressure was held constant by an aortic cuff. When administered intracoronary (i.c.), nitroglycerin, 0.3-100 mug/min, or nitroprusside, 3-100 mug/min, produced quantitatively similar, dose-dependent increases in retrograde flow. Neither drug, i.c., changed peripheral coronary pressure. Nitroglycerin, 3-300 mug/min, intravenous (i.v.), produced dose-dependent increases in retrograde flow; nitroprusside, i.v., increased retrograde flow only in high doses (100-300 mug/min). Nitroglycerin and nitroprusside, i.v., produced similar increases in peripheral coronary pressure. Phentolamine, 1-300 mug/min, i.v., decreased retrograde flow, and did not change peripheral coronary pressure. Nitroprusside was considerably more potent than nitroglycerin in decreasing systemic arterial pressure and in reducing total coronary resistance. Thus, (a) although i.c. nitroglycerin and nitroprusside produce similar effects on collateral function, i.v. nitroglycerin is more effective than i.v. nitroprusside in augmenting collateral flow; (b) phentolamine has deleterious effects on collateral function; and (c) the relative vasodilator potencies of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside vary in different vascular beds; thus, for a given reduction in systemic arterial pressure, nitroprusside is less effective in increasing retrograde flow.
The small clinical trial: is there a better way?
Authors: R J Prescott
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The small clinical trial: is there a better way?Few readers of medical papers will have failed to notice the enormous rise in the use of statistics in recent years.Thorax is by no means alone in referencing statistical guidelines in its instructions to authors.' Arguably the biggest influence on improving statistical standards in medicine in the United Kingdom has been the British Medical Jour- nal, which has consistently encouraged dissemination of statistical methods with the subject of statistics in medicine frequently among the contents of the journal and with special series of articles, which have formed the basis of two popular books.2 3 Despite this heightened statistical awareness in medicine, however, many people still think of statistical methods principally in terms of the analysis of data.Yet ask any statistician which element of his work he con- siders the most important and the answer will always be the planning of the study.This is reflected in the check lists used by the British Medical Journal statisti- cal referees, where around half of the specific check- points relate to design.4Even with this recognition of the role of statistics, and the emphasis of statisticians on the importance of a well planned study, many investigations have too few patients.In particular, too many clinical trials are carried out with little apparent consideration of sta- tistical power-that is, the number of patients may be so small that a clinically important difference has little chance of being detected as statistically significant.An accompanying paper in this issue of Thorax (p 824) has examined the power of 15 published ran- domised, controlled, double blind trials in severe acute asthma and has found most to be of inadequate size.
Differences in the frequency of the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene among the Lebanese population
Authors: Wassim Y. Almawi, Ramzi R. Finan, Hala Tamim, Jocelyn L. Daccache, Noha Irani‐Hakime
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

In view of its role in precipitating mild hyperhomocysteinemia as well as being a risk factor for vascular thrombosis, we investigated the frequency of the C677T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene among 589 healthy Lebanese subjects by PCR-RFLP analysis (HinfI digestion) and compared them with those of other countries of Caucasian and non-Caucasian origin. The prevalence of the mutated homozygous (T/T) and heterozygous (C/T) C677T MTHFR genotype was 11.04% and 39.73%, respectively, giving an allele frequency of 0.309. While the prevalence of the T/T genotype was similar with respect to gender, higher prevalence was noted among Christian (13.08%) compared to Moslem (7.66%) subjects (P < 0.001), and heterogeneity in its distribution was seen in the different Lebanese provinces, and was directly related to the Christian/Moslem composition of each province. The distribution of the MTHFR C677T in Lebanon is unique with regard to its higher occurrence among Christians compared to Moslems, adding to the existing body of literature on the heterogeneity of its prevalence and distribution.