tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Birth of Large Infant for Subsequent Development of Maternal Non-Insuln-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study Over 20–27 Years
Authors: G Larsson, J Spjuth, J Ranstam, I Vikbladh, O Saxtrup, B Åstedt
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

In a prospective study, 270 women who gave birth to infants weighing ≥4500 g (large baby, LB) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) within the first week of the puerperium. Of these women, 179 (66.3%) were retested 3–10 yr later, and 236 (87.4%) were also evaluated 20–27 yr later. The frequency of pathologic OGTTs increased with time, but the tests were of little prognostic significance for the individual patient. Women who had borne LBs developed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) six times more often than did a control group of women matched for age and parity and with the same period of follow-up. However, patients who developed NIDDM were also very obese, of high parity, and had a positive family history for diabetes mellitus in a high percentage of cases. Women with LBs as the only risk factor did not develop NIDDM in our study. We conclude that the birth of one LB is of minor, if any, importance in the subsequent development of NIDDM.
1169-152 Clinical evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease using a multimodality stress magnetic resonance imaging protocol
Authors: Igor Klem, John F Heitner, Dipan J Shah, Sherrie Spear, Michael H Sketch, Michele A Parker, Michael Elliott, Peter Cawley, Udo Sechtem, Robert M Judd, Raymond J Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Experiences of Oregon Nurses and Social Workers with Hospice Patients Who Requested Assistance with Suicide
Authors: Linda Ganzini, Theresa A. Harvath, Ann Jackson, Elizabeth R. Goy, Lois L. Miller, Molly A. Delorit
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Oregon's 1997 Death with Dignity Act legalizes physician-assisted suicide. To date, information about patients who have requested this option has come from surveys of physicians. Although 78 percent of the 91 Oregonians who have died by assisted suicide were enrolled in hospice programs, there is little information about the experiences of hospice practitioners with these patients.
Distance technologies for patient monitoring
Authors: E A. Balas, I. Iakovidis
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Medical technology once used exclusively in hospitals and general practices is now available for use in the home.A growing selection of innovative electronic monitoring devices is available, but meaningful communication and decision supports are also needed for both patients and clinicians.Several randomised clinical trials of home distance monitoring of glucose concentrations by computer found improved outcomes in diabetes care.Likewise, trials of home distance monitoring of blood pressure show enhanced efficiency.Failure to improve outcomes of high risk pregnancies through home distance monitoring illustrates the difficulties in certain clinical applications.Overall, electronic monitoring at home promises cost effective health services, more active involvement of patients in their own care, and a new sense of realism in making a diagnosis. Distance technologiesWith access to home monitoring devices, computers, and communication networks, patients can become more active in their own health care.This review lists available technologies for home distance monitoring, assesses its clinical value, and identifies criteria for its appropriate use.Some of the articles included in this review were already in place as part of the Columbia registry-a systematic collection of trials of information and utilisation management at the University of Missouri's school of medicine. 1
Regional atrial blood flow in dogs. Effect of hypertrophy on coronary flow reserve.
Authors: R P Bauman, J C Rembert, J C Greenfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Little is known regarding regional atrial blood flow responses during varying hemodynamic states in both the normal and hypertrophied atria. This study was undertaken to develop a canine model of chronic atrial hypertrophy and to define in both this group and in normal dogs the regional blood flow response to acute atrial fibrillation and to measure coronary flow reserve. In the 12 dogs with atrial but not ventricular hypertrophy the mean left and right atrial weights were 75 and 47% respectively greater than in the normal group. Blood flow in the normal dogs was less in the appendage than in the non-appendage region for both atria and increased significantly during atrial fibrillation. Similar findings were noted in the hypertrophy group except that during control conditions the left atrial appendage flow was similar to the nonappendage flow. Minimal vascular resistance for the hypertrophy group, 39 +/- 3 was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater when compared to the normal group 28 +/- 2 mmHg/cm3 per min per g. Thus, significant regional blood flow differences occur in both the normal and hypertrophied atria. In addition, atrial hypertrophy does not alter the autoregulatory capacity to the hemodynamic stress of atrial fibrillation but does reduce coronary flow reserve.
Oral Decontamination and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Galen V. Poole
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Pugin et al<sup>1</sup>reported that topical oropharyngeal decontamination with polymyxin B sulfate, neomycin sulfate, and vancomycin hydrochloride in patients requiring mechanical ventilation can greatly reduce the incidence of tracheobronchial colonization and pneumonia compared with a placebo administered in the same fashion. This is the latest in a series of studies that have demonstrated uniformly that the frequency of pneumonias acquired in the intensive care unit can be reduced by oropharyngeal, gastric, and occasionally, systemic antibiotics. This study has also added further confirmation to a growing body of evidence that while many critically ill patients die<i>with</i>pneumonia, they do not necessarily die<i>from</i>pneumonia. Despite a fivefold reduction in the risk of pneumonia in patients receiving oropharyngeal antibiotics, Pugin et al found no difference in the hospital mortality between patients who received oropharyngeal antibiotics and those who received oropharyngeal placebos. Similar data, with different antibiotic regimens,
Glutathion-S-Transferases (GSTs) and Parkinson’s disease in a MPTP-induced C57BL/6 mouse model
Authors: Elcin Ozdamar, Benay Can-Eke
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease and affects up to 2% of individuals after the age 65. It is characterized by progressive motor decline and loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra (SN) leading resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Differential characteristics of PD pathology is the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of intracellular protein aggregates. The etiology of the disease is still unknown and it is likely due to a multifactorial interaction of genes and the environmental factors on the background of ageing.

The impact of enzyme activities, gene expressions and genetic polymorphisms in GSTs on PD has received particular interest since these enzymes play an important role in the detoxification and metabolism of several environmental chemicals and xenobiotics which may be associated to PD. Patients with idiopathic PD appear to have reduced capacity for detoxification and/or metabolism of certain environmental compounds such as cigarette smoke and pesticides.

Therefore we aimed to examine GST theta, mu, pi and total GST activities by the use of ENPP, EAA, DCNB and CDNB as substrates, respectively in a MPTP induced animal (mouse) model of Parkinson’s disease. In the same animal model we also investigated the gene expression levels of GSTM1 and GSTP1 using the method of qPCR.

As a result, we observed an increase in cytosolic GST teta (GSTT) and cytosolic total GST activity which are statistically significant. qPCR results indicated an significant increase for GSTP1 mRNA expression level.
The epidemiology of cross country skiing injuries
Authors: J Howes, S J Droog, J Evans, I M Wood, A M Wood
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

There is little literature about the epidemiology of injuries sustained while conducting cross country skiing due to the disparate nature of these athletes. The Royal Marines regularly deploys to Norway to conduct cross country ski-training and cold weather warfare training which presents a unique opportunity to analyse injuries sustained while conducting this sport. A total of 1200 personnel deployed to Norway in 2010 over a 14 week period. Patients who sustained injuries who were unable to continue training were returned to the UK. All data on personnel returned to the UK due to injury or illness was prospectively collected and basic epidemiology recorded. 53 patients (incidence 44/1000 personnel) were returned to the UK 20/53 (38%) of all cases were musculoskeletal injuries (incidence 17/1000 personnel). 15/20 musculoskeletal injuries were sustained while conducting cross country ski training (incidence 13/1000). Injuries sustained while skiing: 5/15 sustained anterior shoulders dislocation, 5/15 Grade 1–3 MCL/LCL tears, 2/15 sustained ACJ injuries, 1/15 crush fracture T11/T12, 1/15 tibial plateau fracture and 1/15 significant ankle sprain. The most common injury regardless of cause was anterior shoulder dislocation 6/20 (incidence 5/1000). Our results suggest that cross country ski training has a high injury rate requiring evacuation back to the UK. In our study group the high injury rate is possibly due to the rapid transition from non-skier to skiing with a bergen and weapon. Doctors covering Royal Marine training should have appropriate sports and exercise medical training, and rehabilitation units supporting the Royal Marines should expect sudden increases in referrals when large-scale cross country ski training is being conducted.
Laryngeal Paralysis associated with Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: F. T. Land
Journal: BMJ (1948)

Summar,ySeven cases of gonorrhoea (six males and one female), of which six were uncomplicated and one was complicated by Cowperitis, have been treated with single intramuscular injec- tions of 0.2-0.6 g. of streptomycin in an aqueous medium.In all cases the iniitial response was at least as dramatic as treat- ment with penicillin in watery or oil-wax media.One patient, given 0.6 g., apparently relapsed after three days, but was successfully re-treated with the same dose of the drug.Another, complicated by Cowperitis, received only 0.2 g., and after a satisfactory initial response relapsed two days later with abscess formation in the gland and was then treated successfully with penicillin.One patient with dark-field positive primary syphilis was given a single intramuscular injection of 0.6 g. of streptomycin, and twenty-four hours later T. palliduin was still recoverable without difficulty from the dark-field.Apart from possible mild-cerebral effects in Case 1, and mild pain at the site of injection in Case 2, no toxic effects were recorded.It is concluded that streptomycin will be of the greatest value in venereology for all cases of gonorrhoea in which syphilis is more than usually suspect.As it appears that its use may not mask an incubating syphilitic infection, it is probable that only a three-months post-treatment period of surveillance to exclude syphilis will prove necessary for gonorrhoea treated with streptomycin, as compared with the six months usual after treatment with penicillin.
Radiotracer Imaging in a Case of Diffuse Skeletal Hemangiomatosis
Authors: WARREN H. MOORE, RAMESH D. DHEKNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

The hospital course of a patient with diffuse skeletal hemangiomatosis is presented with reference to the role of radionuclide imaging procedures in the diagnosis and evaluation of this disorder. In addition to static scans of liver, bone, and bone marrow, flow studies using Tc-99m-sulfur colloid and methylene diphosphonate (MDP) were performed.
Intracellular glutathione and bronchoalveolar cells in fibrosing alveolitis: effects of N-acetylcysteine
Authors: J. Behr, B. Degenkolb, F. Krombach, C. Vogelmeier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Extracellular glutathione deficiency and exaggerated oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrosing alveolitis (FA). High-dose N -acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation partially reverses extracellular glutathione depletion and oxidative damage, but effects on intracellular glutathione are unknown. Intracellular total glutathione (GSH t ) and activation of bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BAC) obtained from 18 FA patients (9 males, aged 52±2 yrs), before and after 12 weeks of oral NAC (600 mg t.i.d. ), were assessed. Eight healthy nonsmokers (2 males, aged 36±6 yrs) served as a control group. Intracellular GSH t was decreased in FA (1.57±0.20 nmol·1×10 6 BAC −1 versus 2.78±0.43 nmol·10 6 BAC −1 ). After NAC treatment, the intracellular GSH t content increased (1.57±0.20 versus 1.87±0.19 nmol·1×10 6 BAC −1 ). The spontaneous oxidative activity of BAC decreased after NAC treatment (2.7±0.8 versus 1.0±0.2 nmol·1×10 6 BAC −1 ·h −1 ). Interleukin-8 concentration (82.1±31.5 versus 80.0±22.6 pg·mL bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), nonsignificant (ns)) and myeloperoxidase activity (1.93±0.64 versus 1.55±0.47 mU·mL −1 BALF, ns) did not change significantly, but were found to be inversely correlated to intracellular GSH t . In conclusion, high-dose N -acetylcysteine supplementation increases intracellular glutathione levels slightly. This increase is associated with a mild reduction of oxidative activity but not with a reduction of bronchoalveolar cell activation in these patients.
Coexistence of helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosae and liver in patientes with liver diseases
Authors: P. Stalke, A. Zóltowska, M. Orlowski, J. Ellert-Zygadlowska, K. Witczak-Malinowska, Z. Michalska, E. Lakomy, H. Trocha, J. Stepinski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
The Profession and Trade Unions
Authors: A. B. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1946)

<h3>Objectives</h3> In the 2010s, there has been an increase in sexually transmitted infections (STI) in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Australia, and since 2015 also in urban heterosexuals. Men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW) have characteristics that may differ from both men who have sex with men only (MSMO) and heterosexual men. We aimed to compare the sexual practices and the trends in HIV/STI positivity between MSMO and MSMW. <h3>Design</h3> Repeated cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting</h3> A sexual health centre in Melbourne, Australia. <h3>Participants</h3> MSM aged 18 years and above who attended the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre for the first time between 2011 and 2018. This includes 12 795 MSMO and 1979 MSMW. <h3>Primary outcome measures</h3> Demographic characterics, sexual practices and HIV/STI positivity. <h3>Results</h3> Compared with MSMW, MSMO were more likely to practice anal sex and to have condomless receptive anal sex with casual male partners, and less likely to have a current regular relationship. Over the 8-year period, there was an increase in condomless receptive anal sex with casual male partners for both groups (MSMO: from 46.2% to 63.3%, p<sub>trend</sub> &lt;0.001; MSMW: from 41.3% to 57.9%, p<sub>trend</sub>=0.011). Syphilis positivity increased in MSMO (from 5.5% to 7.9%, p<sub>trend</sub>=0.012) and MSMW (from 0.9% to 6.4%, p<sub>trend</sub>=0.004) and HIV remained stable. Gonorrhoea increased among MSMO from 2011 to 2014 (from 6.7% to 9.6%, p<sub>trend</sub>=0.002), and remained stable from 2015 to 2018. MSMO had higher odds of testing positive for gonorrhoea (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.36, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.64), chlamydia (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.67), syphilis (aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.22) and HIV (aOR 4.60, 95% CI 2.43 to 8.70) than MSMW. <h3>Conclusions</h3> MSMW have overall lower condomless sex and lower HIV/STI positivity. In the last years, changes in sexual practices in MSM have affected both MSMW and MSMO leading to an increased STI risk.
Direct Activation of the Olfactory Cyclic Nucleotide–Gated Channel through Modification of Sulfhydryl Groups by NO Compounds
Authors: Marie-Christine Broillet, Stuart Firestein
Journal: Neuron (1996)

The activation of a cyclic nucleotide–gated channel is the final step in sensory transduction in olfaction. Normally, this channel is opened by the intracellular cyclic nucleotide second messenger cAMP or cGMP. However, in single channel recordings we found that donors of nitric oxide, a putative intercellular messenger, could directly activate the native olfactory neuron channel. Its action was independent of the presence of the normal ligand and did not involve the cyclic nucleotide binding site, suggesting an alternate site on the molecule that is critical in channel gating. The biochemical pathway appears to utilize nitric oxide in one of its alternate redox states, the nitrosonium ion, transnitrosylating a free sulfhydryl group belonging to a cysteine residue tentatively identified as being in the region linking the S6 transmembrane domain to the ligand binding domain.
Pilot Study of Old-age Pensioners
Authors: J. D. Paulett, J. D. Buxton
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Two groups of old-age pensioners in St. Paul9s Cray were screened for physical illness, social and family connexions, and personal activities. The first group comprised 100 people (10% random sample of a suburban practice of 12,000 patients), and the second group comprised the total population of a sheltered area (85 people). The findings showed that geographical separation of relatives was a significant factor in the isolation of old people. Lack of exercise and obesity seriously increased the risk of urinary infection; malnutrition and nutritional anaemia were found to be other potentially important problems in the elderly. In 13% of the elderly population three out of five seriously adverse factors (over 80, isolation, housebound, living alone, serious chronic Illness) were found to be present. It is imperative that the group of high-risk elderly should receive the services they need; it is suggested that a policy of an adequate sheltered area supported by a geriatric service should be an extension of group medical practice.
ERCP and Biliary Topics
Authors: J.-M. Dumonceau
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Acute pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and, in high-risk patients, it presents with a high degree of severity in 20 % of occurrences. Prophylactic treatment with pancreatic stents is becoming an increasingly widespread practice (Figure [1]), in contrast to pharmacological prevention (e. g., somatostatin, gabexate), which is regarded as being costly, impractical, or (in the case of gabexate) is not available in the USA.
Expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling during liver regeneration
Authors: Jean S. Campbell, Lisa Prichard, Fred Schaper, Jochen Schmitz, Alyssa Stephenson-Famy, Maryland E. Rosenfeld, Gretchen M. Argast, Peter C. Heinrich, Nelson Fausto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The cytokines TNF and IL-6 play a critical role early in liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PH). Since IL-6 activates signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), we examined whether the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) may be involved in terminating IL-6 signaling. We show here that SOCS-3 mRNA is induced 40-fold 2 hours after surgery. SOCS-2 and CIS mRNA are only weakly induced, and SOCS-1 is not detectable. SOCS-3 induction after PH is transient and correlates with a decrease in STAT-3 DNA binding and a loss of tyrosine 705 phosphorylation. This response is markedly reduced in IL-6 knockout (KO) mice. TNF injection induces SOCS-3 mRNA in wild-type mice (albeit weakly compared with the increase observed after PH) but not in TNF receptor 1 or IL-6 KO mice. In contrast, IL-6 injection induces SOCS-3 in these animals, demonstrating a requirement for IL-6 in SOCS-3 induction. IL-6 injection into wild-type mice also induces SOCS-1, -2, and CIS mRNA, in addition to SOCS-3. Together, these results suggest that SOCS-3 may be a key component in downregulating STAT-3 signaling after PH and that SOCS-3 mRNA levels in the regenerating liver are regulated by IL-6.
On the Trail of Color
Authors: Carlos Hugo Espinel
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of <scp>l</scp> -Arginine Supplementation on Endothelium-Dependent Coronary Vasodilation in Patients With Angina Pectoris and Normal Coronary Arteriograms
Authors: Kensuke Egashira, Yoshitaka Hirooka, Takeshi Kuga, Masahiro Mohri, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The pathogenesis of impaired endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation in angina pectoris and normal coronary arteriograms (microvascular angina pectoris) is not known. We examined whether supplementation with l -arginine, a precursor of endothelium-derived nitric oxide, improves endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation in patients with microvascular angina. Methods and Results The effect of intracoronary infusion of l -arginine (50 mg/min) on acetylcholine-induced coronary vasomotion was studied in eight patients with microvascular angina and eight control subjects. The responses of the large epicardial coronary artery diameter and coronary blood flow were measured with coronary arteriography and an intracoronary Doppler catheter, respectively. Acetylcholine increased coronary blood flow with modest vasoconstriction of the large coronary artery without altering arterial pressure and heart rate. The acetylcholine-induced increases in coronary blood flow were significantly less ( P &lt;.01) in patients than in control subjects. l -Arginine significantly augmented the coronary blood flow responses to acetylcholine in patients, but not in control subjects. l -Arginine did not alter responses of the large coronary artery in either group. Conclusions Study results suggest that l -arginine improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary microcirculation in patients with microvascular angina pectoris.
Getting on message
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Concern has been cascading through medical providers recently about the repeated use of meaningless jargon in the ever divergent but occasionally convergent NHS lexicon. In my position as a medical communicator I was included in the loop when a memo was leaked from the office of the health minister Ara Darzi (allegedly), under the heading “Re: The use of “note pads” in the NHS and allied service based agencies.” It read:

> Hi, all care providers, managers of care, care managers, professions allied to care providers, carers’ carers, and stakeholders …