tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rodney Geoffrey George Taylor
Authors: D. Young
Journal: BMJ (2003)

General practitioner who showed that shingles was caused by reactivation of the chickenpox virus Edgar Hope Simpson was one of the outstanding general practitioner researchers of the 20th century.In addition to working full time in family practice he charted precisely the pattern of the common diseases that he saw clinically.In 1940 his wife gave him Wensleydale general practitioner William Pickles' then new book Epidemiology in Country Practice.Hope-Simpson modelled his approach on this, and he exchanged visits with Pickles.Eventually he surpassed even Pickles' work.The bulk of his interest was in infectious diseases.He was self taught and without any formal epidemiological or research training, but he learnt fast.He established a small epidemiological research unit around his practice in 1946 and chaired a Medical Research Council committee.He started to write papers, particularly on chickenpox and herpes zoster, in the 1940s and 1950s, which were published in the Lancet and the BMJ, and he produced a series of publications of which many professors would be proud.Chickenpox and shingles were known to be related, but how?Experts at the time were suggesting that two different viruses existed.Hope-Simpson increasingly believed there was only one, but how to prove it?In the end, he took his small team of research colleagues to the Island of Yell in the Shetlands in 1953 and literally followed up every known case in a much closed community.He was empowered by local islanders' memories for occurrences and dates.By 1962, new microbiological techniques enabled him to prove his point.Only a great intellect could have conceived this possibility-that, remarkably, a virus could commonly lie dormant in the human body, for years, indeed decades, and then reappear in another form.Only an
UVB phototherapy of atopic dermatitis
Authors: J. JEKLER, O. LARKO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

UVB phototherapy of atopic dermatitis was investigated in two paired‐comparison studies. In study 1, 17 patients were treated for 8 weeks with ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) on one half of the body and with visible light (placebo) on the other. A severity score based on eight clinical variables was determined before, during and after treatment. The total score, pruritus score and overall evaluation score were significantly better on the UVB treated sides than on the placebo treated sides (P < 0.001). In 13 patients the UVB treated side healed or improved considerably, while the placebo treated side improved considerably in one patient only. In study II, 25 patients were treated for 8 weeks with 0.8 of the minimal erythema dose (MED) of UVB on one half of the body and with 0.4 MED UVB on the other. No statistically significant differences between these dosage regimens were found.
Central Control of Prolactin and Estrogen Receptors in Rat Liver-Expression of a Novel Endocrine System, the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Liver Axis
Authors: J Gustafsson, A Mode, G Norstedt, P Eneroth, T Hokfelt
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1983)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
A Complex Manifestation of Concealed A-V Conduction in the Dog Heart
Authors: GORDON K. MOE, CARLOS MENDEZ, J. A. ABILDSKOV
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

Conditions under which an apparently non-propagated atrial (concealed) response facilitated the passage of a subsequent response to the ventricle are described. Analysis of the time relations of atrial and ventricular events suggest that the apparent facilitation results from a dissociation of two pathways through the A-V node.
Biological monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in a highly polluted area of Poland
Authors: S Ovrebø, P E Fjeldstad, E Grzybowska, E H Kure, M Chorazy, A Haugen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Air pollution in Poland and p la in Silesia is among the worst in Europe.Many coal mines and coke oven plants are located in this area, o f polycydiaromatichydrocarbon (PAHs).:WWe qu ad PAM ep.l air smp using personal sampling devfic.acollected une apl frM" the nde: ii:, and sea aurad 1-hydroypyrene with h pe nce liq cSt s were collected twice, once in Ferary and once in Sete r.Mean PAH lve of samples collected at three diffcrent coke oven plants varied from 2.3 pgm3 to 12.3 pgm3; the lowest mean was in September.Mean leves of 0.15 plm3 (Sptember) and 0.44 pgm3 (Fbru ) wee noted for the environmentally exposd goup Mean u In variedMfromin 2.45 to 1348.pmol/mol c i at the three coke oven pat.rpondin i betwer th three different enomentalBy exp d groups in Silei was. 0.41-1.54ol/mol c ni In thie sonindustriuied area, the id ont 0 0.14 pmtne.Se variation w asf both at the cokoven plantIand groups iSieia.Both PAH evels and 1-hrxypyrene vaed son among oven workers and the evo enl* expoed group.Our study shows that PAH ecqpsre i the indusalized area of Sileint is hig to tls in Western -Hydrrypjt el;to in e ronmentaly exposed isndiv s inP land is am hge In-E .td air po tion, benzo[a]pyreneg, 1-hyd ypyrene, po clic
THE ART OF STUDY: ITS PRINCIPLES AND THEIR APPLICATION
Authors: R. D. Gillespie
Journal: BMJ (1928)

STUDY, eveni of the sciences, is an art.Btit it is a lowly folrm of art, being with most of us a means to all end, an(l not to be pursued for its own sake.It is therefore desirable toimake use of whatever general prineiples may increase ouir studious efficienicy.Naturallyv, psychology is appealed to as the appropriate body of knowledge from wlicil to derive such principles, and it may be of some interest and practical utility to set folrth brieflv the experimental and other psychological data whose interpretation may facilitate study.The data ar-e niot maaiy; tlhe deductionis are neither of great v-alue nor very iiovel: but tlhey have somo intrinsic interest, as well as onie or two practical applications.The plioblem of efficiency in study can be attacked from tw-o si(les-the subject-matter, and the mental processes involved.Tile latter alone can be dealt witlh here; the interest of the subject-matter depends upon its content and the manniier in which it is presented by its professors. THE MENTAL PROCESS.Tlhe menital process involved in study is, strictly speaking, a unitary whole, but several aspects of the process may conDveniently be distinguished; these are principallv atten;tioln, memory, and association.In conisidering, first, the mental process in its entirety,
Functional and Biochemical Evaluation of Platelet Aspirin Resistance After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: N. Zimmermann, A. Wenk, U. Kim, P. Kienzle, A.-A. Weber, E. Gams, K. Schrör, T. Hohlfeld
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Aspirin inhibits platelet activation and reduces atherothrombotic complications in patients at risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. However, a sufficient inhibition of platelet function by aspirin is not always achieved. The causes of this aspirin resistance are unknown. Methods and Results— Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have a high incidence of aspirin resistance. To evaluate functional and biochemical responses to aspirin, platelet-rich plasma was obtained before and at days 1, 5, and 10 after CABG. Thromboxane formation, aggregation, and α-granule secretion were effectively inhibited by 30 or 100 μmol/L aspirin in vitro before CABG, but this inhibition was prevented or attenuated after CABG. Whereas the inhibition of thromboxane formation and aggregation by aspirin in vitro partly recovered at day 10 after CABG, oral aspirin (100 mg/d) remained ineffective. The inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase in platelets, COX-2, has been suggested to confer aspirin resistance. In fact, immunoreactive COX-2 was increased 16-fold in platelets at day 5 after CABG, but the COX-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib did not alter aspirin-resistant thromboxane formation. By contrast, the combined inhibitor of thromboxane synthase and thromboxane receptor antagonist terbogrel equally prevented thromboxane formation of platelets obtained before (control) and after CABG. Conclusions— Platelet aspirin resistance involves an impairment of both in vivo and in vitro inhibition of platelet functions and is probably due to a disturbed inhibition of platelet COX-1 by aspirin.
GENETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN GIANT PIGMENTED HAIRY NAEVUS
Authors: R. M. GOODMAN, J. CAREN, M. ZIPRKOWSKI, B. PADEH, L. ZTPRKOWSKI, B. E. COHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article GENETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN GIANT PIGMENTED HAIRY NAEVUS Get access R. M. GOODMAN, R. M. GOODMAN Department of Human Genetics, Family Medicine, Dermatology and Pediatrics, Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Hashomer Hospital, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. CAREN, J. CAREN Department of Human Genetics, Family Medicine, Dermatology and Pediatrics, Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Hashomer Hospital, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. ZIPRKOWSKI, M. ZIPRKOWSKI Department of Human Genetics, Family Medicine, Dermatology and Pediatrics, Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Hashomer Hospital, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. PADEH, B. PADEH Department of Human Genetics, Family Medicine, Dermatology and Pediatrics, Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Hashomer Hospital, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. ZTPRKOWSKI, L. ZTPRKOWSKI Department of Human Genetics, Family Medicine, Dermatology and Pediatrics, Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Hashomer Hospital, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. E. COHEN B. E. COHEN Department of Human Genetics, Family Medicine, Dermatology and Pediatrics, Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Hashomer Hospital, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 2, 1 August 1971, Pages 150–157, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb07201.x Published: 01 August 1971 Article history Accepted: 15 April 1971 Published: 01 August 1971
Infectious Hepatitis in a Village Community
Authors: K. T. Flanagan, J. Lister
Journal: BMJ (1962)

JOURNAL~~~~~Male and female patients progressed equally well.Those under 30 years of age and those whose asthma had lasted 20 years or less fared the best.The severity of asthma and the type of trigger also provided differences in response to hypnosis; mild cases and those with emotional triggers did best, but good responses were observed in the other categories.Patients who were easily hypnotized, those who achieved deep trances, and, perhaps most important, those who could practise the daily use of autohypnosis did best.Despite the many questions yet to be answered, hypnosis is of value in the symptomatic treatment of asthma as assessed by the reduction in wheezing and in the use of drugs.We are indebted to Dr. R. S. Bruce Pearson for allowing patients under his care to be studied in this trial by two ot us (Lionel Fry and A. A. Mason).We would like to acknowledge, with
PU.1 is a potent tumor suppressor in classical Hodgkin lymphoma cells
Authors: Hiromichi Yuki, Shikiko Ueno, Hiro Tatetsu, Hiroaki Niiro, Tadafumi Iino, Shinya Endo, Yawara Kawano, Yoshihiro Komohara, Motohiro Takeya, Hiroyuki Hata, Seiji Okada, Toshiki Watanabe, Koichi Akashi, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Yutaka Okuno
Journal: Blood (2012)
What is the cost of atopic dermatitis in preschool children?
Authors: R.M. Emerson, H.C. Williams, B.R. Allen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disorder and an important cause of morbidity in young children in the U.K. Such disability produces significant economic burden reflected in direct medical costs associated with health service utilization, direct family care costs such as transport costs, indirect costs associated with loss of productivity of carers, and intangible costs associated with the psychological effects of the disease. Objectives In order to evaluate this economic burden we conducted a cross‐sectional survey of children aged 1–5 years in the Nottingham area in 1995–96. Methods We sent a postal questionnaire to parents of all children aged 1–5 years with questions to identify those with AD; a second questionnaire was sent to parents of identified children regarding costs and utilization of medical services. Intangible costs were not evaluated. Results The 12‐month period prevalence of AD according to a dermatologist's diagnosis in 1761 children was 16·5% (95% confidence interval 14·7–18·2%). Total mean disease costs were estimated to be £79·59 per child over the 12‐month period of the study. The most significant costs were due to costs to the state for National Health Service (NHS) consultations (£28·62 mean annual cost) and prescriptions (£22·03). Consultations with general practitioners accounted for the significant bulk of consultation costs, with only 6% of children being seen in secondary care (17 of 290). Most prescribing costs (76%) were due to emollients and bath preparations. Family care costs (£28·94 mean annual cost) accounted for 36% of total disease costs and were associated with changes to the home environment, purchase of over‐the‐counter medicines, transport costs, visits to homoeopaths and salary loss. Conclusions The results signify that AD is an important cause of economic burden both to the NHS and to the families of affected children. Using population census data and the results in this study, we estimated that the annual U.K. cost of AD in children aged 1–5 years in 1995–96 was £47 million.
Diurnal salivary cortisol and urinary catecholamines are associated with diabetes mellitus: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Shivam Champaneri, Xiaoqiang Xu, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Alain G. Bertoni, Teresa Seeman, Ana Diez Roux, Sherita Hill Golden
Journal: Metabolism (2011)
Website of the week: Demographic entrapment
Authors: D Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Before the advent of the world wide web, awkward voices from offbeat angles could be silenced with a two line rejection letter. Now that authors are freed from the constraint of seeking the approval of a publisher, we can get direct access to authors’ ideas without intermediaries. This week’s special issue on population studies provides an opportunity to evaluate an interesting example of such “disintermediation.” We have in the past presented Maurice King’s ideas on “demographic entrapment” (www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/315/7120/1441#R2). He, after rejections from other journals that obviously still rankle, also publishes an extensive website to develop his ideas further (www.leeds.ac.uk/demographic.disentrapment/). Although visually amateurish, it is readable, and there is a lot of it. Comparing his and the BMJ’s versions provides a straightforward measure of editorial value added.

King believes that much of the world is trapped—that many communities exceed the capacity of their land to support them, their capacity for migration to other regions, and the economic development needed for them to buy sufficient extra food. Such apocalyptic views cannot sit easily in the bureaucratic policy forums of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank, and, possibly, of most learned journals. His emphasis on equity of consumption of resources is an uncomfortable reminder of the West’s hypocrisy when it lectures the developing world on “population control.”

King’s website illustrates both the strengths and weaknesses of self published material. Whether it is effective rhetoric remains open to question: the site lacks links to other relevant web resources, which suggests that, on the internet at least, King’s communication settings are more write than read. If you want links a good place to start is demography.anu.edu.au/VirtualLibrary/. For a jolt from complacency, consider the “Estimated World Population” counter at www.unfpa.org/modules/6billion/en/index.htm, which ticks up and up—a truly modern rhetorical device.
Chitosan–RGDSGGC conjugate as a scaffold material for musculoskeletal tissue engineering
Authors: Tatsuya Masuko, Norimasa Iwasaki, Shintaro Yamane, Tadanao Funakoshi, Tokifumi Majima, Akio Minami, Noriko Ohsuga, Takashi Ohta, Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
"INTESTINAL WORMS AND APPENDICITIS"
Authors: Mazyck P. Ravenel
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the editorial on "Intestinal Worms and Appendicitis" (The Journal, January 27, p. 256), which gives a review of recent work on the agency of worms, particularly the ordinary pinworm, in the production of this trouble, no reference is made to work which was done a number of years ago, and for that reason I am calling attention to it. This subject was discussed quite fully by Metchnikoff in his Harben Lectures, published under the title of "The New Hygiene" in 1907. He quotes Desprès as pointing out in 1868 the frequent presence of worms in what were then called "stercoral" abscesses localized in the region of the cecum and ascending colon. Metchnikoff gives a number of observations of his own, one of which concerns a professor of hygiene who apparently contracted appendicitis from his wife through the agency of worms. Another striking instance is that of
Identification of the Epitopes That Cause Cross-Reactions Between Peanuts and Tree Nuts
Authors: Soheila J. Maleki, Merima Bublin, Maksymilian Chruszcz, Tysheena Charles, Casey C. Grimm, Hsiaopo Cheng, Suzanne S. Teuber, Barry K. Hurlburt, Heimo Breiteneder, Catherine Schein
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: John C. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

SINCE first described by Schwartz et al<sup>1</sup>in 1957, the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) has been recognized in a variety of pathologic processes. Its appearance as an untoward effect of therapeutic agents has recently been reviewed by Miller and Moses.<sup>2</sup>We report what we believe to be the first such case of SIADH secondary to a monamine oxidase inhibitor. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 66-year-old man was admitted to the Shands Teaching Hospital for the first time in August 1976 for severe depression. During the previous 18-month period, he had been treated with two courses of electroconvulsive shock therapy and various antidepressants, with only minimal improvement followed by relapse to his previous level of depression. Results of the physical examination showed a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 80 beats per minute. The neck veins were flat and there
A NEW TOOL FOR MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS DETECTION IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A DOUBLE PEAK OF STRAIN RATE BY SPECKLE TRACKING AND CORRELATION WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: DanielaCristina Mitroi, Vanessa Moñivas Palomero, Susana Mingo Santos, Ines Garcia Lunar, Jesus Gonzalez Mirelis, Pablo Garcia Pavia, Miguel Angel Cavero Gibanel, Luis Alonso Pulpon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Disease as a Reflection of the Psyche
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Is cancer more likely in unhappy people? Can people who have cancer improve their chances of survival by learning to enjoy life and to think optimistically? What about heart attacks, peptic ulcers, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease? Are they caused by stress in certain personality types, and will changing the personality change the course of the disease? A stranger in this country would not have to be here very long to guess that most Americans think the answer to these questions is yes.The popular media, stirred by occasional reports in the medical literature, remind us incessantly of . . .
Abstract S2-06: Extracellular matrix stiffness modulates tissue inflammation to promote breast tumor aggression
Authors: I Acerbi, S Hwang, J Munson, A Au, S Zheng, H Yu, J Mouw, J Lakins, M Swartz, Q Shi, J Liphardt, B Ruffell, LM Coussen, C Yunn-Yi, VM Weaver
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor progression is influenced by the dynamic interplay between the genetically-modified epithelium and the associated microenvironment. We previously showed that the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) progressively stiffens as mammary tumors evolve, and that stiffening the ECM promotes malignant transformation while inhibiting ECM stiffening reduces tumor progression (Levental et al., 2009; reviewed in Butcher et al., 2009). Yet breast cancers also exhibit elevated influx of inflammatory cells and tissue inflammation promotes tumor progression by fostering angiogenesis and enhancing tumor cell growth and motility (Ruffell et al., 2011). Tumor-associated macrophages additionally stimulate stromal fibroblasts, implying that tissue inflammation could promote malignancy by stiffening the ECM. To address this possibility, we explored the relationship between ECM tension and macrophages in human breast cancer and during mammary tumor development in transgenic mice. Using fresh and archived tissue samples, we quantified a progressive increase in ECM remodeling and stiffening as human breast tumors and mouse mammary cancers developed. We found that the ECM associated with triple negative breast cancers was almost twice as stiff as the ECM adjacent to ER+/PR+ tumors and that ECM stiffness correlated significantly with increased numbers of infiltrating activated macrophages. Consistently, we established a positive correlation between tumor progression, elevated mechanosignaling, ECM stiffness and tissue inflammation in both human and mouse tissue. However surprisingly, when macrophages were depleted from the mammary glands of MMTV-PyMT tumors, ECM tension did not change. Instead we found that inhibiting lysyl oxidase activity to decrease collagen cross-linking and ECM stiffness reduced the activation state of the macrophages within the mammary glands of 14-week old mice. Consistently, in vitro studies showed that ECM tension potentiates the expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines and increases levels of phosphoStat3 and that ECM tension directly modifies macrophage polarity. These findings suggest that ECM tension may promote malignancy either by directly regulating macrophage activity or indirectly through enhancing expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Further studies are now underway to explore these findings and to clarify their impact on tumor progression and response to therapy. Acknowledgements: supported by W81XWH-05-1-0330 and R01 CA138818-01A1 to VMW, 1U01 ES019458-01 to VMW and ZW, and P50 CA 58207 to JG, VW, SH and LC, U54CA143836-01 to JL and VW, and Susan G. Komen for the Cure PSF12230246 to IA. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S2-06.
Clinical Approaches to High Blood Pressure in the Young
Authors: Samuel Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In recent years an increasing interest has developed in blood pressure elevation in children and adolescents. This interest has resulted in a number of books on the subject, of which this monograph is the latest. The editors of this collection present some excellent discussion on the determinants of childhood hypertension and the importance of this problem. Information on both essential hypertension and a number of secondary forms of blood pressure elevation is included. The sections on essential hypertension are especially lucid. There are discussions of the determinants of primary blood pressure elevation including genetic, growth, behavioral, and nutritional factors. The first chapter, by the editors, is particularly well written. It gives an excellent perspective on the importance of the problem and an overview of some of the advances in research on the epidemiology of childhood hypertension.  The chapters on secondary forms of blood pressure elevation are not as informative as