tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nitroglycerin on Hemodynamics During Rest and Exercise in Patients with Coronary Insufficiency
Authors: MOOSA NAJMI, DOUGLAS M. GRIGGS, HRATCH KASPARIAN, PAUL NOVACK
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Twenty-three patients exhibiting coronary insufficiency on exercise have been studied at rest and at exercise prior to and following sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. The most consistent and marked effect of nitroglycerin was the reduction in pulmonary artery pressure, total pulmonary resistance, and right ventricular work at rest and during exercise. Our patients were grouped according to the degree of left ventricular failure as indicated by the abnormality of rise in pulmonary artery pressure during exercise. It became evident that nitroglycerin improved left ventricular function in terms of increased output and lessened pulmonary artery pressure in cases in which failure was most severe.
Reduce, Recycle, Reuse — Iodotyrosine Deiodinase in Thyroid Iodide Metabolism
Authors: Peter A. Kopp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Thyroid hormones are essential for normal brain development, growth, and metabolism. Their synthesis is dependent on a normally developed thyroid gland, an adequate nutritional intake of iodide, and a series of biochemical steps to organify iodide.1 Iodide is scarce in most environments. Despite important progress in eradicating iodine deficiency disorders, which lead to the development of endemic goiter and are associated with various degrees of mental retardation, iodine deficiency remains a major public health issue.2 The first step in thyroid-hormone biosynthesis consists of iodide uptake at the basolateral membrane by the sodium–iodide symporter (Figure 1). Iodide is then released into . . .
Screening for Cognitive Impairment-Reply
Authors: J. Raymond DePaulo
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Hershey and associates are to be applauded for their comparison of two widely used cognitive screening examinations. They have used a cutoff score for MMSE that is three points lower than the cutoff score recommended by Folstein and associates<sup>1</sup>and DePaulo and associates.<sup>2</sup>Had they used the 23/24 cutoff, it seems there would have been only one false-negative result rather than four. Thus, the MMSE and the CCSE have comparable sensitivity and specificity in this study. Although there is more published verification of the reliability and validity of the MMSE, both tests have been verified to have reasonable sensitivity in detecting cognitive defects among the hospitalized medical and neurological patients.<sup>2-4</sup>Anthony et al<sup>4</sup>recently reported variation in the sensitivity and specificity of the MMSE in relation to age, education, and cutoff score. Finally, in a community-based sample, the MMSE and two other brief tests
Mitochondrial quality, dynamics and functional capacity in Parkinson’s disease cybrid cell lines selected for Lewy body expression
Authors: Emily N Cronin-Furman, M Kathleen Borland, Kristen E Bergquist, James P Bennett, Patricia A Trimmer
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Abstract Background Lewy bodies (LB) are a neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. The role their formation plays in disease pathogenesis is not well understood, in part because studies of LB have been limited to examination of post-mortem tissue. LB formation may be detrimental to neuronal survival or merely an adaptive response to other ongoing pathological processes. In a human cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) neural cell model that expresses mitochondrial DNA from PD patients, we observed spontaneous formation of intracellular protein aggregates (“cybrid LB” or CLB) that replicate morphological and biochemical properties of native, cortical LB. We studied mitochondrial morphology, bioenergetics and biogenesis signaling by creating stable sub-clones of three PD cybrid cell lines derived from cells expressing CLB. Results Cloning based on CLB expression had a differential effect on mitochondrial morphology, movement and oxygen utilization in each of three sub-cloned lines, but no long-term change in CLB expression. In one line (PD63 CLB ), mitochondrial function declined compared to the original PD cybrid line (PD63 Orig ) due to low levels of mtDNA in nucleoids. In another cell line (PD61 Orig ), the reverse was true, and cellular and mitochondrial function improved after sub-cloning for CLB expression (PD61 CLB ). In the third cell line (PD67 Orig ), there was no change in function after selection for CLB expression (PD67 CLB ). Conclusions Expression of mitochondrial DNA derived from PD patients in cybrid cell lines induced the spontaneous formation of CLB. The creation of three sub-cloned cybrid lines from cells expressing CLB resulted in differential phenotypic changes in mitochondrial and cellular function. These changes were driven by the expression of patient derived mitochondrial DNA in nucleoids, rather than by the presence of CLB. Our studies suggest that mitochondrial DNA plays an important role in cellular and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. Additional studies will be needed to assess the direct effect of CLB expression on cellular and mitochondrial function.
ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN MILITARY HOSPITALS
Authors: Hugh McKenna
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> An extensive experience in the management of acute appendicitis during the World War led to the publication of an article entitled "Immediate Surgical Management of Acute Appendicitis in Military Hospitals" (<i>Surg., Gynec. &amp; Obst.</i><b>28</b>:303 [March] 1919), suggesting a possible relationship between the onset of this condition in those cases in which there is a history of previous attacks and the method of administering the triple typhoid vaccine. In view of the fact that a new army is being inducted into service, it seems to me that this article carries some conclusions that may be of importance, especially to the younger medical officers of the army. I would therefore call special attention to the lowering of the white blood cell count following the administration of triple typhoid vaccine, with a lower white cell count at the onset of an attack of acute appendicitis. The blood picture
Coincident Classic Hemophilia and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Patients under Treatment with Concentrates of Antihemophilic Factor (Factor VIII)
Authors: Oscar D. Ratnoff, Jay E. Menitove, Richard H. Aster, Michael M. Lederman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Home treatment of classic hemophilia with lyophilized concentrates of antihemophilic factor (factor VIII) is now widely practiced. We studied a syndrome resembling chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in five patients with severe classic hemophilia who were receiving such therapy. Laboratory studies are summarized in Tables 1 through 3. The presence of increased amounts of platelet-associated IgG, the favorable response in four patients treated with prednisone, and remission after splenectomy in one patient all suggest that the patients' disorder resembled idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. In addition, studies in four patients demonstrated evidence of impaired cell-mediated immunity in three.Case ReportsPatient 1A 21-year-old . . .
Pharmacologic heterogeneity of human lung and colon cells: effect of terfenadine and cetirizine
Authors: J. M. Fabre, C. Marty‐Ane, M. Alauzen, F. Souques, J. Bousquet, A. M. Campbell
Journal: Allergy (1995)

H 1 ‐blockers may have antiallergic properties which cause the blocking of eicosanoid release, and the effect of these drugs may differ according to the phenotype of mast cells. This study examined the ability of terfenadine and cetirizine to inhibit the release of arachidonic acid‐derived mediators from human lung and colon cells. Dispersed cells were challenged with anti‐IgE in the presence or absence of 10 μM of terfenadine or cetirizine, and the release of prostaglandin (PG)D 2 and leukotriene (LT)C 4 /D 4 was assessed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Terfenadine caused significant inhibition of both PGD 2 and LTC 4 /D 4 (49 ±9 and 29 ± 19%, respectively) from human lung cells but had a less marked effect on PGD 2 release from human colon cells (21 ± 9% for PGD 2 and 18 ± 9% for LTC 4 /D 4 ). In contrast, although cetirizine caused significant inhibition of both mediators measured in lung cells (38 ± 16% for PGD 2 and 34 ± 19% for LTC 4 ), it did not cause any significant inhibition of either mediator from human colon cells. These findings suggest that H 1 antagonists may have additional properties, and the differential effects of cetirizine on lung and colon tissue may indicate differences in mast cell phenotype.
Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency and the Treatment of Short Stature-Reply
Authors: Leona Cuttler
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We tried to summarize the complexity of current controversies about the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency and the treatment of non-growth hormone—deficient short stature. The points raised by Dr Rotenstein further illustrate this complexity, and we welcome the opportunity to clarify these issues. Dr Rotenstein raises the question of growth hormone response to growth hormone releasing factor in the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency. However, the classic definition of growth hormone deficiency does not involve assessment of the growth hormone secretory response to growth hormone releasing factor. The rise in growth hormone levels in some growth hormone—deficient children following administration of growth hormone releasing factor is a separate issue and suggests that the etiology of growth hormone deficiency in many children is actually deficiency of growth hormone releasing factor. We agree that the question of growth hormone treatment for very short non—growth hormone—deficient children who have marginal
Training the Internist
Authors: JEREMIAH A. BARONDESS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 August 1979Training the InternistJEREMIAH A. BARONDESS, M.D.JEREMIAH A. BARONDESS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-2-315 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Active debate on the training of the internist is long overdue, has been increasingly prominent in the past few years, and will no doubt continue. One hopes the issues will be clarified as a result. I thank each of those who took the trouble to write (1) in response to my paper.I point out that the paper did not suggest that ambulatory care, chronic care, geriatrics, common disorders, or efficient work practices are unimportant. I have no argument with those who emphasize that all of these things should be done well, compassionately, and with an ongoing...References1. Training the internist. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:124-7. Letters. LinkGoogle Scholar2. TARLOV A, SCHLEITER M, and WEIL P. National study of internal medicine manpower: IV. Residency and fellowship training 1977-1978, 1978-1979. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:295-300. LinkGoogle Scholar3. REITENMEIER R, SPITTELL J, WEEKS R, DAUGHERTY G, NOBREGA F, and FLEMING R. Participation by internists in primary care. Results of a survey of Mayo Clinical Alumni. Arch Intern Med. 1975;135:255-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. . Federated Council for Internal Medicine statement on manpower. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:108-9. LinkGoogle Scholar1. BARONDESS J. The training of the internist: with some messages from practice. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:412-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . The national ambulatory medical care survey: 1973 summary: United States, May 1973-April 1974. Data from the National Health Survey, series 13, no. 21. Rockville, Maryland: Health Resources Administration; 1975. (DHEW publication no. [HRA] 76-1772). Google Scholar3. NOBLE J. Comprehensive care and the primary health team. In: NOBLE, J, ed. Primary Care and the Practice of Medicine. Waltham, Massachusetts: Little, Brown, and Co., 1976:263-75. Google Scholar4. Hemoccult II. Med Let. 1979;21:36. Google Scholar5. BOUFFORD J. Primary care residency training: the first five years. Ann Intern Med. 1977;87:359-68. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JEREMIAH A. BARONDESS, M.D.Affiliations: 449 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1979Volume 91, Issue 2Page: 315-316KeywordsGeriatrics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Variables predictive of survival in patients with coronary disease. Selection by univariate and multivariate analyses from the clinical, electrocardiographic, exercise, arteriographic, and quantitative angiographic evaluations.
Authors: K E Hammermeister, T A DeRouen, H T Dodge
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A progression of univariate followed by multivariate analyses was applied to 46 variables selected from the clinical examination, exercise test, coronary arteriography, and quantitative angiographic assessment of left ventricular function in patients with coronary disease to determine those variables most predictive of survival. For the 733 medically treated patients, the final Cox's regression analysis showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction was most predictive of survival, followed by age, number of vessels with stenosis(es) greater than or equal to 70%, and ventricular arrhythmia on the resting electrocardiogram. For the 1870 surgically treated patients, ventricular arrhythmia on the resting electrocardiogram was most predictive of survival followed by ejection fraction, heart murmur, left main coronary artery stenosis greater than or equal to 50%, and use of diuretic agents.
CDK Inhibitors Upregulate BH3-Only Proteins to Sensitize Human Myeloma Cells to BH3 Mimetic Therapies
Authors: Shuang Chen, Yun Dai, Xin-Yan Pei, Jennifer Myers, Li Wang, Lora B. Kramer, Mandy Garnett, Daniella M. Schwartz, Florence Su, Gary L. Simmons, Justin D. Richey, Dustin G. Larsen, Paul Dent, Robert Z. Orlowski, Steven Grant
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

BH3 mimetic drugs induce cell death by antagonizing the activity of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors that function as transcriptional repressors downregulate the Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 and increase the activity of selective BH3 mimetics that fail to target this protein. In this study, we determined whether CDK inhibitors potentiate the activity of pan-BH3 mimetics directly neutralizing Mcl-1. Specifically, we evaluated interactions between the prototypical pan-CDK inhibitor flavopiridol and the pan-BH3 mimetic obatoclax in multiple myeloma (MM) cells in which Mcl-1 is critical for survival. Coadministration of flavopiridol and obatoclax synergistically triggered apoptosis in both drug-naïve and drug-resistant MM cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that flavopiridol inhibited Mcl-1 transcription but increased transcription of Bim and its binding to Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. Obatoclax prevented Mcl-1 recovery and caused release of Bim from Bcl-2/Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, accompanied by activation of Bax/Bak. Whether administered singly or in combination with obatoclax, flavopiridol also induced upregulation of multiple BH3-only proteins, including BimEL, BimL, Noxa, and Bik/NBK. Notably, short hairpin RNA knockdown of Bim or Noxa abrogated lethality triggered by the flavopiridol/obatoclax combination in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings show that CDK inhibition potentiates pan-BH3 mimetic activity through a cooperative mechanism involving upregulation of BH3-only proteins with coordinate downregulation of their antiapoptotic counterparts. These findings have immediate implications for the clinical trial design of BH3 mimetic-based therapies that are presently being studied intensively for the treatment of diverse hematopoietic malignancies, including lethal multiple myeloma.
High serum vitamin B12 binding capacity as a marker of the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: F J Paradinas, W M Melia, M L Wilkinson, B Portmann, P J Johnson, I M Murray-Lyon, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Ten (9.3%) of 107 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had considerably increased serum unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity. All 10 were young (mean 12 years), had no serum alpha-fetoprotein, and no underlying cirrhosis; all had a longer survival compared with patients without increased serum unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity in the study. Seven of the 10 patients had fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, a recently recognised histological variant, which was found in only one young patient without increased serum unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity and no alpha-fetoprotein among the remaining 97. This high degree of correlation between increased serum unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity and fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma has not been reported before. Increased serum unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity may be of considerable help in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring treatment of this well-defined group of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma but no alpha-fetoprotein.
Wound of Abdomen, with Injury of Intestine: Recovery
Authors: H. Horton
Journal: BMJ (1872)

office what is called the care of destitution and the care of health.I say that the two subjects are inseparable ; and that in the present state of civilisation it is necessary that, in some form or other, these two great departments of State should be united.Sanitary Se/f-grovernment Essential.-Ithink that the Act of I872, which placed the adminiistration of these matters in the hands of guardians and town councils, and divided the county into rural and urban districts, was framed with great judgment.In adopting that plan it appears to
Clinical Applications of Testicular Radionuclide Angiography and Scrotal Scanning
Authors: Lawrence E. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1981)

UNTIL approximately five years ago, no imaging procedures existed to assist in the evaluation of acute scrotal swelling, with or without pain or tenderness. The introduction and development of testicular radionuclide angiography and scrotal scanning<sup>1</sup>have provided a highly reliable technique that is used primarily in the differentiation of acute epididymitis from torsion of the testis. The timely use of this procedure obviates surgical exploration, when instead antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy should be instituted, and points to expedient surgical intervention in the case of the salvable ischemic testis. <h3>Methods</h3> This radionuclide examination can be performed in any hospital with conventional imaging equipment. The technical details of this study have been presented elsewhere.<sup>2</sup>After careful palpation of the scrotum and localization of any swelling, the gamma camera, equipped with a converging collimator, is positioned closely over the scrotum. The entire examination can be performed in approximately 15 minutes, entailing
Dissolution of Uric Acid Calculi
Authors: Abraham Weinberger
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Eason et al (240:670, 1978) recently described dissolution of bilateral uric acid lithiasis in a patient with anuria. This patient had a serum uric acid level of 11.5 mg/dL and a creatine level of 6.5 mg/dL. The authors assumed that their patient had uric acid calculi; however, a radiolucent defect was observed on the patient's pyelogram, which might have been due to cystine lithiasis as well as uric acid stones. The conservative treatment for both conditions is the same as was shown in The Journal by my colleagues and me (229:1045, 1974). The transient high serum uric acid level of the described patient could have been a result of the acute renal failure, and that it returned to normal values was not due to the allopurinol effect but because diuresis began. After dissolution of the renal stones and when the patient is no longer receiving allopurinol, one
Tragic Loss of Leaders in AIDS and Public Health
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

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An Address on some Problems of Tropical Medicine: Delivered at the London School of Tropical Medicine on October 3rd, 1900
Authors: W. Mac Gregor
Journal: BMJ (1900)

T=A1 977 adhesiveness of the blood corpuscles is to their free transit through the capillaries; and I cannot but think that the two phenomena are analogous.It may be, for aught we know to the contrary, that the pigment granules may be themselves living entities.Their uniformity in size is in favour of such an idea.Our -fathers would have been greatly astonished to learn that the chlorophyl grains of vegetables were, as has been shown in recent years, living organisms, multiplying by division like the nuclei of their containing cells; and though the pigment granules are much smaller, they are probably greatly surpassed in minuteness by many microbes, which, though hitherto invisible to us, we believe from analogy to be the causes of some infectihe diseases.But however this may be, the perfect mobility of the pigment cells seems to me a special property which they possess as con- stituents of the living body; in other words, to use once more the expression which in the present state of our knowledge is indispensable, a vital property.If this be so, we understand what would otherwise be very unintelligible, namely, that when the pigment cells have their functions temporarily suspended by a noxious agent, the granules do not become diffused as they do when withdrawn from nervous influence, but renwain exactly as they were before the irritant was applieX whether concentrated, diffused, or in any intermediate state.If we suppose that the pigment cells, like the blood corpuscles, acquire under irrita- tion a tendency to mutual aggregation which they do not possess in health, it foliows as a matter of course that when vital energy is suspended by the noxious agency, they will adhere together and retain for the time their relative positions.After being appointed to the Chair of Surgery in the University of Glasgow, I became one of the surgeons to the Royal Infirmary of that city.Here I had too ample