tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
K/DOQI-recommended intact PTH levels do not prevent low-turnover bone disease in hemodialysis patients
Authors: F.C. Barreto, D.V. Barreto, R.M.A. Moysés, K.R. Neves, M.E.F. Canziani, S.A. Draibe, V. Jorgetti, A.B. Carvalho
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Comparing Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Primary Prevention Strategies for Lipid-Lowering
Authors: Mark J. Pletcher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Lipid-lowering therapy is costly but effective at reducing coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness and public health impact of Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines and compare with a range of risk- and age-based alternative strategies. Design: The CHD Policy Model, a Markov-type cost-effectiveness model. Data Sources: National surveys (1999 to 2004), vital statistics (2000), the Framingham Heart Study (1948 to 2000), other published data, and a direct survey of statin costs (2008). Target Population: U.S. population age 35 to 85 years. Time Horizon: 2010 to 2040. Perspective: Health care system. Intervention: Lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). Outcome Measure: Incremental cost-effectiveness. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Full adherence to ATP III primary prevention guidelines would require starting (9.7 million) or intensifying (1.4 million) statin therapy for 11.1 million adults and would prevent 20 000 myocardial infarctions and 10 000 CHD deaths per year at an annual net cost of $3.6 billion ($42 000/QALY) if low-intensity statins cost $2.11 per pill. The ATP III guidelines would be preferred over alternative strategies if society is willing to pay $50 000/QALY and statins cost $1.54 to $2.21 per pill. At higher statin costs, ATP III is not cost-effective; at lower costs, more liberal statin-prescribing strategies would be preferred; and at costs less than $0.10 per pill, treating all persons with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels greater than 3.4 mmol/L (>130 mg/dL) would yield net cost savings. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Results are sensitive to the assumptions that LDL cholesterol becomes less important as a risk factor with increasing age and that little disutility results from taking a pill every day. Limitation: Randomized trial evidence for statin effectiveness is not available for all subgroups. Conclusion: The ATP III guidelines are relatively cost-effective and would have a large public health impact if implemented fully in the United States. Alternate strategies may be preferred, however, depending on the cost of statins and how much society is willing to pay for better health outcomes. Funding: Flight Attendants' Medical Research Institute and the Swanson Family Fund. The Framingham Heart Study and Framingham Offspring Study are conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Insulin 70/30 Mix Plus Metformin Versus Triple Oral Therapy in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes After Failure of Two Oral Drugs
Authors: Sherwyn Schwartz, Richard Sievers, Poul Strange, William H. Lyness, Priscilla Hollander
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Subjects (n = 188) with type 2 diabetes and inadequate response to two oral medications (A1C &amp;gt;8.0%) were randomly assigned to treatment with either a third oral medication or an insulin 70/30 mix b.i.d. plus metformin for a comparison of efficacy, safety, and cost. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The protocol called for aggressive dose titration to achieve target values of fasting blood glucose (80–120 mg/dl), postprandial glucose (&amp;lt;160 mg/dl), and A1C (&amp;lt;7%). These efficacy parameters were evaluated at weeks 2, 6, 12, and 24 of therapy. If dose adjustments failed to achieve targeted glycemic control, subjects were switched to an alternate therapy. RESULTS—At the end of study (week 24 of therapy), A1C and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values showed comparable decreases in the two treatment groups. Only 31% (oral therapy) and 32% (insulin plus metformin) of subjects achieved target values of A1C (&amp;lt;7%). A total of 10 of the 98 subjects randomized to triple oral therapy (10.2%) who failed to improve sufficiently were switched to insulin therapy. An additional four subjects dropped out of the oral treatment group due to adverse events felt to be potentially drug related. Only two of the subjects randomized to insulin plus metformin had to be switched to basal-bolus regimens (regular insulin and NPH insulin). Cost analysis determined that insulin plus metformin (mean cost $3.20/day) provided efficacy equal to that of a triple oral drug regimen ($10.40/day). CONCLUSIONS—Insulin 70/30 mix plus metformin was as effective as triple oral therapy in lowering A1C and FPG values. The triple oral regimen was not as cost effective, and a high percentage of subjects (total of 16.3%) did not complete this regimen due to lack of efficacy or side effects.
Reframing the Ethical Debate Regarding Incidental Findings in Genetic Research
Authors: Jeremy R. Garrett
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments This research is supported by grant R21HG006613 from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Human Genome Research Institute or the National Institutes of Health.
Bacteremia caused by non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococcus species at a Medical center in Taiwan, 2000 to 2008
Authors: Che-Kim Tan, Chih-Cheng Lai, Jen-Yu Wang, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Chun-Hsing Liao, Yu-Tsung Huang, Cheng-Yi Wang, Hen-I. Lin, Po-Ren Hsueh
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
THE NEOPLASTIC POTENTIALITIES OF MOUSE EMBRYO TISSUES
Authors: William E. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Epithelial tumors have been readily obtained by the implantation of embryo stomach tissue together with olive oil containing methylcholanthrene (with or without Scharlach R) in adult mice of homologous strain. The implanted tissue from the squamous portion of the stomach rapidly encysted the oil, and benign and malignant papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas soon arose from the stratified squamous lining of the cysts. Bits of the glandular portion of the stomach also formed cysts, but the gland cells underwent metaplasia in response to the carcinogen, altering first to transitional epithelium and then to a stratified squamous layer. So swiftly did these changes take place that nearly all of the tumors took origin from epithelium that had already become stratified and squamous, and the growths themselves were of this type. A single transitional cell carcinoma and an adenoacanthoma were procured, but no adenocarcinomas; nor did any benign papillomas develop, though they often resulted from the action of methylcholanthrene on the squamous portion of the embryo stomach. Search failed to disclose any distinctive precancerous changes in the gastric tissue. Five of the cancers were transplanted and they grew in every host. No tumors arose from any of the numerous control implants. Those consisting of glandular tissue formed cysts lined partly with columnar epithelium secreting mucus and partly with tubular glands equipped with chief and parietal cells in good condition. Pepsin and rennin were found in the fluid contained in these cysts, but no free hydrochloric acid. The enzymes were present also when the cysts contained methylcholanthrene and the glands had not yet been wholly replaced by metaplastic epithelium. The tumors appeared months sooner than when methylcholanthrene is injected into the stomach of adult animals or given by mouth; some of them were well established after 5 or 6 weeks. They arose regularly when the requisite experimental conditions were provided. The utilization of transplanted embryo tissue provides a means whereby gastric tumors free from bacterial infection can be procured swiftly and easily.
William B. Walsh, Sr, MD
Authors: Robert K. Crone
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dutch minister questions integrity of health advisers
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A row between the Dutch government and senior medical advisers over the issue of prenatal testing for Down's syndrome was resolved this week after the junior health minister, Clemence Ross, declared her confidence in the advisers' integrity.

Ms Ross had rejected the Dutch health council's advice to introduce routine prenatal screening for Down's syndrome for all pregnant women. She then raised concerns about the research it had used, in particular that of Howard Cuckle, professor of reproductive epidemiology at Leeds University. A spokesman for the minister said Ross was “surprised” by Professor Cuckle's declared interests. These include a directorship of a supplier of software for …
Sustained-Grip, Pressure-Release Tissue Forceps
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The sustained pinch necessary to hold pickup forceps during plastic closure of large wounds may cause fatigue of the thenar musculature. This can be avoided by using a large bulldog vascular clamp, modified to act as skin forceps by adding a 7.5-cm knurled handle (Figure). After grasping the skin edge, tension between the operator's thumb and index finger is relaxed and the instrument is lightly balanced in the hand. Spring tension in the bulldog clamp assures its hold on the tissue. Pinch is released by light pressure at the finger grips. This action is opposite to that of conventional forceps. Therefore, thenar tension need not be maintained to assure skin purchase. The instrument's jaws are serrated for nonslip retention of vessels, so it cannot damage tissue while holding firm. The forceps are easily fabricated from readily available components, simple to handle, and prevent the discomfort often occurring
Experiences with Pulsus Alternans
Authors: J. M. RYAN, J. F. SCHIEVE, H. B. HULL, B. M. OSER
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Three years' experience with pulsus alternans, including its production with exercise, has shown that alternans may exhibit at least 3 types of behavior, and has led the authors to believe that the type of behavior a patient presents is related to the degree of heart failure present. Those patients who developed alternans following exercise were not in cardiac failure clinically, and yet hemodynamic data indicated myocardial insufficiency. A sustained pulsus alternans at rest seems to have no special prognostic significance in heart failure.
Abstract 2215: Glucocorticoid receptor function is essential for SOCS2-mediated negative regulation of hepatic GHR signaling
Authors: Kristina M. Mueller, Jan-Wilhelm Kornfeld, Guenther Schuetz, Richard Moriggl
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract GHR signaling plays an essential role in somatic growth and development as well as in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Target tissue responsiveness to GH is dependent on postreceptor mechanisms to circumvent unphysiological and off-target effects due to prolonged GHR activation. GHR signals amongst others through the JAK2/STAT5 pathway. SOCS2, a GH-STAT5-regulated gene, is a key negative regulator of GHR sensitivity. Transcription of distinct GH-STAT5-dependent gene subsets requires coactivator function of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). This mechanism was shown to involve direct binding of GR to the STAT5 N-terminus. Earlier studies have implied that regulation of SOCS2 also requires synergistic action of STAT5 and GR. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the molecular interaction between STAT5 and GR to regulate SOCS2 expression. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of the GR causes reduced hepatic Socs2 mRNA expression approximately to the same extent as STAT5-deficient livers. Furthermore, STAT5 activity was increased and prolonged in GR-deficient livers upon exogenous GH administration. Genes which are dependent on functional STAT5-GR protein interaction often harbor potential STAT5 oligomer binding sites in their promoter regions. Using bioinformatic screening, we found three STAT5 oligomer binding sites in the murine distal Socs2 promoter region. First, binding of activated STAT5 to the putative binding sites was confirmed by DNA binding assays. Subsequently, we performed transactivation studies using a luciferase reporter construct containing the relevant region of the Socs2 promoter and an additional 3′ region to assess the requirement for putative enhancer sequences. Maximum luciferase activity was observed in the presence of activated STAT5b and GR only. However, this pronounced transactivation was severely impaired upon transfection of the aminoterminally truncated STAT5 isoform (STAT5ΔN). Additionally, direct physical interaction of activated STAT5 and GR on the Socs2 promoter was detected in GH/dexamethasone-treated control livers by re-ChIP assays. We demonstrate that full Socs2 transactivation requires STAT5-GR protein-protein interaction in hepatocytes. As the liver represents a primary site of GH-mediated STAT5 activation, deregulated GR signaling could lead to imbalanced liver GH sensitivity due to aberrant SOCS2-mediated feedback inhibition. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2215. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2215
Longitudinal Clinical and Electrophysiological Assessment of Patients With Symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and Atrioventricular Node Reentrant Tachycardia
Authors: Shih-Ann Chen, Chern-En Chiang, Ching-Tai Tai, Shih-Huang Lee, Chuen-Wang Chiou, Kwo-Chang Ueng, Zu-Chi Wen, Chen-Chuen Cheng, Mau-Song Chang
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Functional changes of the accessory AV pathways and dual AV node pathways are very important for patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or AV node reentrant tachycardia who refuse to receive long-term medication or radiofrequency catheter ablation. However, no studies of serial clinical and electrophysiological characteristics in these patients have been performed. Methods and Results One hundred thirteen patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or AV node reentrant tachycardia were included in this study. The first and second follow-up electrophysiological studies were performed in years 5 and 10 after the baseline study, respectively. Conduction properties of the accessory pathways became poor over time. After a mean follow-up period of 9±1 years, antegrade ventricular preexcitation and retrograde accessory pathway conduction disappeared in 22.5% and 7.8% ( P &lt;.01), respectively; dual AV node pathway physiology persisted and retrograde fast pathway disappeared in 10.8% of the patients. Baseline conduction properties of the antegrade and retrograde accessory pathways and the retrograde fast pathway independently predicted late loss of conduction. Spontaneous disappearance of the original tachyarrhythmias occurred in 10.3% of all patients, and newly developed tachyarrhythmias in 15.2%. The incidence (38.5%) of newly developed atrial fibrillation was significantly higher in patients with manifest accessory pathways. Furthermore, symptom scores and attack frequency increased significantly over time in the patients with accessory pathways and AV node reentrant tachycardia. Conclusions Disappearance of the original tachycardia and changing patterns of tachycardia, also with an increase in symptom scores and attack frequency, suggested that a detailed evaluation of these events is important and early intervention with radiofrequency ablation would be helpful.
TCT-323 Pre-Procedural Fasting for Diagnostic and Interventional Coronary Procedures – Is It Neccessary?
Authors: Tahir Hamid, Yee Cheng Lau, Qaiser Aleem, Issaam Oozeerally, John McDonald, Macdonald John, Ravi Singh, Sanjay Arya Sanjay, Bainbridge Anthony, Telal Mudawi, Kanrath Balachandran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Function in Patients Treated with Long-term Depot Tetracosactrin
Authors: W. J. Irvine, D. R. Cullen, S. A. Khan, J. G. Ratcliffe
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Four patients treated with depot tetracosactrin for 10 to 18 months maintained normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function assessed by the nyctohemeral variation of plasma corticosteroids and by the responses of plasma corticosteroids to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, lysine-vasopressin, and depot tetracosactrin. The pituitary component of the response was analysed by measuring plasma immunoreactive ACTH levels. Three patients showed a nyctohemeral ACTH rhythm and normal ACTH responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Consistently undetectable morning plasma ACTH levels were found in the fourth patient, who also showed an unusually delayed rise in both ACTH and corticosteroid levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, though the peak values attained were normal. The lack of suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function together with the good clinical response in these four patients suggests that treatment with depot tetracosactrin should be considered when long-term corticosteroid therapy is required.
Chemotherapy-Induced Pericarditis on F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography Scan
Authors: Steve B. Losik, Yana Studentsova, Donald Margouleff
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

F-18 FDG positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly valuable imaging tool in evaluation and follow up of lymphoma and many other malignancies. Constrictive or effusive constrictive pericarditis is an uncommon complication of chemotherapy. The authors report a case in which pericardial FDG uptake was seen on a whole-body PET scan performed for posttreatment follow-up evaluation for a mantle cell lymphoma.
Heating human milk.
Authors: R S Ikonen, K Maki
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Heating human milk. Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Osteoporosis and Long-term Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: D. J. Hosking, M. J. Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Sequential measurements of total body calcium by in-vivo neutron activation analysis were made in five patients treated with corticosteroid drugs for severe inflammatory disease. No evidence of osteoporosis was seen to develop during the course of 20-33 months of study. In one case a substantial rise in total body calcium was found.
Interferons: A Primer
Authors: Sandra Panem
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>Interferon: The New Hope for Cancer,</h3> by Mike Edelhart with Jean Lindenmann, 211 pp, with illus, $11.95, Reading, Mass, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co Inc, 1981. <h3>The Interferon System,</h3> by William E. Stewart II, ed 2; 493 pp, 23 illus, $46.70, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1981. Of late, a growing popular interest in science has resulted in the proliferation of television programs, magazines, and books on scientific subjects. It is therefore not surprising to find a number of new books on interferon, a subject that has received extensive press coverage over the past two years. The interferon field has experienced an information explosion generated by the application of genetic engineering techniques to the molecular cloning of interferon genes. This effort was instigated in large part by the hopes of several drug houses and burgeoning genetic engineering firms to develop a product that may have therapeutic value in cancer. While the jury is still
AMETROPIA IN MICROSCOPIC WORK.
Authors: CHARLES E. WOODRUFF
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Every worker with the microscope who has a refractive error which compels him to wear correcting glasses, has probably tried to wear them in his work, but finding them inconvenient has discarded them to discover that the view of the field was apparently just as good without as with them. A moment's consideration of the optical principles of the microscope will show that in cases of myopia, hypermetropia and presbyopia, glasses are totally unnecessary, as every one is probably aware. Only a very slight movement of the fine adjustment is necessary to throw the image to a point where the person can see it clearly. For convenience the eye-piece and objective may each be considered as a single convex lens, and Fig. 1 shows that the objective forms an image<i>b</i>just within the focus<i>y</i>of the eye-piece, the object<i>a</i>being just beyond the focus<i>x</i>of the
Novel Insights in the Congenital Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Xander H.T. Wehrens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: The congenital long QT syndrome is a potentially fatal, inherited cardiac syndrome. Early diagnosis and preventive treatment are instrumental to prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with the congenital long QT syndrome. Purpose: To review new insights in genetics and cellular electrophysiology, as well as the current understanding of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the congenital long QT syndrome. Data Sources: Authors' personal databases and search of PubMed database from 1966 to 2001. Study Selection: Experimental and clinical studies on the congenital long QT syndrome. Data Extraction: Data from peer-reviewed studies were manually extracted, classified, and summarized. Data Synthesis: The congenital long QT syndrome is characterized by abnormally prolonged ventricular repolarization, which predisposes patients to syncope, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. The recent discovery of mutations in genes encoding ion channels has improved our understanding of the cellular origin of this condition. The congenital long QT syndrome may result from inherited defects in cardiac K+ and Na+ channels, which both result in prolongation of the ventricular action potential. The diagnosis is based on electrocardiographic and clinical criteria. Genetic screening of symptomatic patients or asymptomatic family members may identify patients at risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. β-Blocking agents are the mainstay of treatment. Certain patients may also benefit from a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Recent studies suggest that genotype-specific treatment of the congenital long QT syndrome will be feasible in the near future. Conclusions: The congenital long QT syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by mutations in genes encoding cardiac ion channels. Better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for this condition will guide genotype-specific therapy in the near future.