tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SPONGE GRAFTING IN THE ORBIT FOR SUPPORT OF ARTIFICIAL EYE.
Authors: E. OLIVER BELT
Journal: JAMA (1896)

To a skilled oculist the ordinary enucleation of an eyeball is one of the simplest operations he is called upon to perform, and yet there are some cases in which so much of the conjunctiva is destroyed by careless or ignorant operators, that it is impossible for an artificial eye to be worn afterward. This is very annoying to a patient, and we can not blame him if he never forgives the doctor who has so afflicted him. Such cases emphasize the fact that it is the duty of the surgeon not only to operate skillfully for the immediate relief desired, but he should do everything in his power to prevent disfigurement, and when an organ or limb can not be restored to usefulness, he should at least obtain the best cosmetic results possible. After an eyeball has been removed and an artificial eye inserted, very frequently it is not
1093 Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and estrogens cooperate in modulating the proliferation of rat cholangiocytes by acting at both receptor and post-receptor levels
Authors: D ALVARO, V DRUDIMETALLI, B BARBARO, A AUGELLO, V CARDINALE, R TARI, M MANCINO, A ATTILI, S GLASER, J PHINIZY
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Curable Brain Tumor
Authors: Lisa M. DeAngelis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.08.900 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 14597745 Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Curable Brain Tumor Lisa M. DeAngelisxLisa M. DeAngelisSearch for articles by this author Show More Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.08.900 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Vincristine
Authors: William J. Gundlach
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To  Editor.—  We were interested in  recent article inThe Journal(1982;247:1433) by Lorence A. Gutterman, MD, and Thomas D. Stevenson, MD, which demonstrates that vincristine sulfate is capable of inducing remissions in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). However, we are disturbed because one of their patients (case 4), who had aphasia and right hemiplegia, did not recover from this neurological deficit. Also, three of their patients (cases 1, 2, and 5) did not begin to recover from their neurological deficits for nine to 18 days after treatment with vincristine was initiated. We believe that these three patients were at undue risk of experiencing a major neurological event during this interval, even though they eventually attained a remission.  Since there are no ongoing randomized trials, we agree with  authors and others 1 that the diagnosis of TTP usually warrants an aggressive multitherapy approach. Any therapeutic measure that
VARIOUS FORMS OF EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: J. J. R. MACLEOD
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The expectant or conservative method of treatment is preferable to the operative one.Time is saved and deformity less under the conserva¬ tive plan than by the operative method.There is also less danger of secondary joint involve¬ ment and general tuberculosis by pursuing the non- operative plan.The disease may he associated with hone and joint, liiherculosis in other parts of tbe body.The prognosis is fairly good for life, bul poor for a good ankle-joint in which there is no disability.A certain number get a good functional ankle, with but slight deformity.In regard to the smaller metatarsal hones the results are good for joint mot ion.
Tolbutamide-Phenformin in Ketoacidosis-Resistant Patients
Authors: Roger H. Unger
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The relative effectiveness of combined oral therapy with tolbutamide and phenformin was studied in a group of 80 clinic patients with ketoacidosis-resistant diabetes mellitus who had been imperfectly or inadequately regulated by a single oral drug. The tolbutamide-phenformin regimen was observed to bring about significant improvement in 70 per cent of patients previously imperfectly controlled by tolbutamide alone and in 60 per cent of patients imperfectly controlled by phenformin alone. Many of the gratifying responses to combination therapy occurred in extremely difficult patients in whom prior therapy with chlorpropamide, metahexamide, and insulin had been unsatisfactory. The results indicate that tolbutamide-phenformin combination therapy is the most potent of the oral antihyperglycemic regimens tested and makes adequate control with oral drugs a practical possibility for most ketoacidosis-resistant diabetics in whom single oral agents have been unsuccessful.
The Use of a Tropism-Modified Measles Virus in Folate Receptor–Targeted Virotherapy of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kosei Hasegawa, Takafumi Nakamura, Mary Harvey, Yasuhiro Ikeda, Ann Oberg, Mariangela Figini, Silvana Canevari, Lynn C. Hartmann, Kah-Whye Peng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Attenuated measles viruses are promising experimental anticancer agents currently being evaluated in a phase I dose escalation trial for ovarian cancer patients. Virus attachment, entry, and subsequent intercellular fusion between infected and uninfected neighboring cells are mediated via the two measles receptors (CD46 and SLAM). To minimize potential toxicity due to measles virus–associated immunosuppression and infection of nontarget tissues, we sought to develop an ovarian cancer exclusive fully retargeted measles virus. Experimental Design and Results: Interactions of measles virus with its natural receptors were ablated, and a single-chain antibody (scFv) specific for α-folate receptor (FRα), a target overexpressed on 90% of nonmucinous ovarian cancer, was genetically engineered on the viral attachment protein (MV-αFR). Specificity of virus tropism was tested on tumor and normal cells. Biodistribution of measles virus infection was evaluated in measles-susceptible CD46 transgenic mice, whereas antitumor activity was monitored noninvasively by bioluminescence imaging in xenograft models. Tropism and fusogenic activity of MV-αFR was redirected exclusively to FRα without compromise to virus infectivity. In contrast to the parental virus, MV-αFR has no background infectivity on normal human cells. The antitumor activity of MV-αFR, as assessed by tumor volume reduction and overall survival increase, was equal to the parental virus in two models of human ovarian cancer (s.c. and i.p.). Conclusions: A FR-exclusive ovarian cancer targeted oncolytic virus was generated and shown to be therapeutically effective, thus introducing a new modality for FR targeting and a candidate measles virus for clinical testing.
Transcription factors ETF, E2F, and SP-1 are involved in cytokine-independent proliferation of murine hepatocytes
Authors: Sebastian Zellmer, Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck, Patricio Godoy, Honglei Weng, Christoph Meyer, Thomas Lehmann, Titus Sparna, Wiebke Schormann, Seddik Hammad, Clemens Kreutz, Jens Timmer, Fritz von Weizsäcker, Petra A. Thürmann, Irmgard Merfort, Reinhard Guthke, Steven Dooley, Jan G. Hengstler, Rolf Gebhardt
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The cellular basis of liver regeneration has been intensely investigated for many years. However, the mechanisms initiating hepatocyte "plasticity" and priming for proliferation are not yet fully clear. We investigated alterations in gene expression patterns during the first 72 hours of C57BL/6N mouse hepatocyte culture on collagen monolayers (CM), which display a high basal frequency of proliferation in the absence of cytokines. Although many metabolic genes were down-regulated, genes related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and cell cycle were up-regulated. The latter genes showed an overrepresentation of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) for ETF (TEA domain family member 2), E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1), and SP-1 (Sp1 transcription factor) (P < 0.001), all depending on MAPK signaling. Time-dependent increase of ERK1/2 phosphorylation occurred during the first 48 hours (and beyond) in the absence of cytokines, accompanied by an enhanced bromodeoxyuridine labeling index of 20%. The MEK inhibitor PD98059 blunted these effects indicating MAPK signaling as major trigger for this cytokine-independent proliferative response. In line with these in vitro findings, liver tissue of mice challenged with CCl4 displayed hepatocytes with intense p-ERK1/2 staining and nuclear SP-1 and E2F1 expression. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes in mice after partial hepatectomy contained overrepresented TFBS for ETF, E2F1, and SP-1 and displayed increased expression of E2F1. Conclusion: Cultivation of murine hepatocytes on CM primes cells for proliferation through cytokine-independent activation of MAPK signaling. The transcription factors ETF, E2F1, and SP-1 seem to play a pronounced role in mediating proliferation-dependent differential gene expression. Similar events, but on a shorter time-scale, occur very early after liver damage in vivo. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;.)
Moss and Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Including the Fetus and Young Adult
Authors: Otto G. Thilenius
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Six years have passed since the last edition of<i>Moss and Adams</i>, one of the classic pediatric cardiology texts, which has now been with us since its first edition in 1968. The new fifth edition shows, as expected, multiple changes. The title of the text has changed slightly, stressing that congenital heart disease now ranges from the fetus to the young adult (no longer can we restrict ourselves to being "pediatric cardiologists"). The text is now in two volumes with more than 1800 pages. (The fourth edition was a single volume of 1066 pages.) The quality of the paper is improved; increased line spacing avoids the crowded appearance of earlier editions. Volume 1 covers a wide variety of diagnostic and general topics. Volume 2 includes most of the clinical discussions of specific malformations. It is not surprising that much of the new material is in volume 1, including extensive sections
851 ANTIVIRAL POTENCY OF R1479, ACTIVE COMPOUND DERIVED IN VIVO FROM PRODRUG R1626, DEMONSTRATED ACROSS HCV GENOTYPES 1-6 IN NS5B RECOMBINANT ENZYMES AND HCV REPLICONS
Authors: V. Leveque, S. Le Pogam, H. Kang, G. Ao-Ieong, A. Kosaka, A. Seshaadri, J. Symons, N. Cammack, K. Klumpp, I. Najera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Topical Idoxuridine in the Treatment of Genital Herpes-Reply
Authors: Lawrence Corey
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  We agree with Drs Rozman and Wiedey that our study should not be construed as one that discourages further research of topical idoxuridine or other nucleoside analogues in dimethyl sulfoxide for the therapy for genital herpes. However, our investigation clearly indicates that a 30% idoxuridine-dimethyl sulfoxide mixture has no beneficial effect on the clinical course of genital herpes.  Since many authorities have claimed that the lack of clinical efficacy of many topically applied antiviral compounds has been their insolubility and poor ability to penetrate to the active site of viral replication, our desire was to pick the highest concentration of idoxuridine-dimethyl sulfoxide that would be clinically tolerated. In our hands, this was a 30% mixture. We have already stated in our article that the difference between our results and those of Parker et al could be explained if 30% idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide were more toxic to normal
High prevalence of fractures and osteoporosis in patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis
Authors: E. van der Veer, W. van der Goot, J. G. R. de Monchy, H. C. Kluin‐Nelemans, J. J. van Doormaal
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background: Indolent systemic mastocytosis ( ISM ) is a rare disease characterized by accumulation of abnormal mast cells in various tissues, including bone marrow. Symptoms are usually related to release of mast cell mediators. The aims are to establish the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures in ISM and to investigate the association with serum tryptase and the urinary histamine metabolites, methylhistamine (MH), and methylimidazole acetic acid. Methods: The fracture prevalence in 157 patients (65 men; 92 women), mean age 54 ± 12 years, was assessed by vertebral morphometry and data from patient records, supplemented by a questionnaire. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured, and tryptase and histamine metabolites were analysed. Results: We registered 235 lifetime fractures in 154 patients, including 140 osteoporotic (low‐energy trauma) fractures, of which 62% were vertebral, 1% hip and 36% other nonvertebral fractures. Osteoporotic fractures and osteoporosis were found in 37% and 28% of the patients, respectively. In men, the prevalence of these osteoporotic manifestations (46% &lt;50 years; 73% ≥50 years) was much higher compared with women (18% &lt;50 years; 58% ≥50 years). Older age, male gender, and higher urinary MH were independently related to the osteoporotic manifestations. Conclusions: This first publication about prevalence of fractures and osteoporosis in patients with ISM shows that the risk of osteoporotic fractures is high, especially in men. Higher urinary MH levels are associated with a higher risk of osteoporotic manifestations. Routine measurements of BMD and vertebral morphometry are warranted in these patients for early detection of osteoporosis.
Cisplatin-DNA damage and repair in peripheral blood leukocytes in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: M Dabholkar, L Bradshaw, R J Parker, I Gill, F Bostick-Bruton, F M Muggia, E Reed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

We have extended our studies on the relationship between cisplatin/carboplatin-induced DNA damage in readily accessible tissue(s) and clinical response to therapy. Such an approach may assist in the study of cancer drug resistance and in establishing parameters for assessing human populations for sensitivity to DNA damaging agents in the environment. Platinum-DNA adduct levels were measured by atomic absorbance spectrometry. DNA repair capacity was assessed in human T-lymphocytes by the ability to repair cisplatin lesions in cellular DNA or in transfected plasmid DNA. In a "blinded" study of 21 patients receiving combination cisplatin/carboplatin drug therapy, there was a direct relationship between DNA damage in leukocytes and disease response (summary two-sided p = 0.00011). The cohort of patients had 15 different tumor types, suggesting that blood tissue and tumor tissue of an individual may process platinum-DNA damage similarly regardless of the tissue of origin of the tumor. In leukocytes in vivo, persistence and accumulation were prominent features of the cisplatin-DNA adduct profile. Functional DNA repair capacity has been studied in eight human leukocyte cell lines in vitro (three, T-cells; three, B-cells; one, monocytic; one, promyelocytic), using a host cell reactivation assay with cisplatin-damaged pRSVcat. In the three T cell lines studied, host cell reactivation efficiency was directly related to the cells' abilities to repair cisplatin-damaged cellular DNA (correlation coefficient = 0.993).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interferon-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Akihiko Fuji, Shinichi Kakumu, Yoshiyuki Ohtani, Kenichi Murase, Hideo Hirofuji, Hirofumi Tahara
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

We investigated the role of the interferon system in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured with an ELISA. While concanavalin A-stimulated and recombinant interleukin 2-stimulated production of interferon-gamma in patients with chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis was significantly decreased when compared with that of controls (518 +/- 189 and 729 +/- 195 units per ml, mean +/- S.D.), there was also a lot of overlap. Addition of indomethacin to the cultures partially restored interferon-gamma production in patients with chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, indicating that suppressor function of monocytes was, in part, responsible for the diminished interferon-gamma production. Serial studies showed that interferon-gamma production rose during acute deterioration of illness, during treatment with interleukin 2 and with the improvement of clinical course. Interferon-gamma production was not different among hepatitis B e antigen or antibody positive, and non-A, non-B patients with chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Our findings suggest that diminished interferon-gamma production is associated with disease severity in chronic liver disease, irrespective of the hepatitis B virus carrier state. It would be interesting to compare the efficacy of treatment with interferon-gamma or interferon-gamma inducers such as interleukin 2 in chronic hepatitis B patients with and without decreased in vitro interferon-gamma production.
Statin Use and Incident Nuclear Cataract
Authors: Barbara E. K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Kristine E. Lee, Lisa M. Grady
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Statins are widely prescribed for their lipid-lowering effects but also have putative antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress is believed to play a role in the development of nuclear cataract, but little is known regarding the relationship of statin use and cataract incidence.To evaluate the relationship of use of statins and incident cataract in adults in a midwestern community in the United States.The Beaver Dam Eye Study, an observational, longitudinal, population-based study of age-related eye disease in Beaver Dam, Wis. There were 1299 persons who were seen at the third examination in 1998-2000, had gradable photographs in both eyes, and were deemed to be at risk of developing nuclear cataract within 5 years.Five-year incidence of cataract with respect to statin use. Cataracts were graded from photographs taken through the participant's dilated pupil.A total of 210 persons developed incident nuclear cataract in the interval from 1998-2000 to 2003-2005. Five-year incidence of nuclear cataract was 12.2% in statin users compared with 17.2% in nonusers (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.84), controlling for age. When only never smokers without diabetes were assessed, the age-, lipid level-, and sex-adjusted OR was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.18-0.90). Five-year incidence of cortical cataract was 9.9% in statin users and 7.5% in nonusers (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.79-2.08); posterior subcapsular cataract occurred in 3.0% of statin users and 3.4% of nonusers (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.39-1.71).Statin use in a general population appears to be associated with lower risk of nuclear cataract, the most common type of age-related cataract.
Fluconazole Therapy for Coccidioidal Meningitis
Authors: John N. Galgiani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of fluconazole treatment of coccidioidal meningitis. Design: Uncontrolled clinical trial. Setting: Four university-based treatment centers in California, Arizona, and Texas. Most therapy was conducted without hospitalization. Patients: Fifty consecutive patients with active coccidioidal meningitis, of which 47 (94%) were evaluable. Twenty-five patients had received no previous treatment for their meningitis, and nine had coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Intervention: Fluconazole was administered in an oral dose of 400 mg once per day for up to 4 years (median, 37 months) in responding patients. Concurrent therapy with another antifungal agent was prohibited. Measurements: Predefined assessment of infection-related abnormalities was done at the time of enrollment and was repeated at least every 4 months during treatment. Elimination of 40% or more of baseline abnormalities was considered a response. Results: Thirty-seven of 47 (79%; 95% CI, 61% to 90%) evaluable patients responded to treatment. Response rates were similar for patients with and without previous therapy, for patients with and without concomitant HIV infection, and for patients with and without pre-existing hydrocephalus. Most improvement occurred within 4 to 8 months after starting treatment. Patient symptoms resolved more quickly than did cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. In 15 of 20 responding patients followed for 20 months or more, residual low-level cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities remained throughout therapy. No patient discontinued therapy because of drug-related side effects, although confusion developed in two patients that resolved when the dose of fluconazole was reduced. Conclusion: Fluconazole therapy is often effective in suppressing coccidioidal meningitis.
Polyol profiles in Down syndrome. myo-Inositol, specifically, is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Authors: H U Shetty, M B Schapiro, H W Holloway, S I Rapoport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Polyols are reduction products of aldoses and ketoses; their concentrations in tissues can reflect carbohydrate metabolism. Several polyol species were quantitated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from 10 Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) subjects between the ages of 22 and 63 years (3 of whom were demented) and from 10 healthy age-matched controls, using a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric technique. The mean CSF concentration and the mean CSF/plasma concentration ratio of myo-inositol were significantly elevated in Down syndrome compared with controls, but were not correlated with the presence of dementia in the Down subjects. Plasma myo-inositol was not significantly altered in these subjects. No significant difference between Down syndrome and controls was found for CSF concentrations of mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol, ribitol, arabitol, or 1,5-anhydrosorbitol, but plasma mannitol, ribitol and arabitol were elevated in Down syndrome. The present observation provides new impetus for studying synthesis and transport of myo-inositol as well as phosphatidylinositol cycle in trisomy 21 disorder.
INFRA-RED STUDIES OF HUMAN SKIN IN VIVO BY MULTIPLE INTERNAL REFLECTION
Authors: STANLEY COMAISH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article INFRA‐RED STUDIES OF HUMAN SKIN IN VIVO BY MULTIPLE INTERNAL REFLECTION Get access STANLEY COMAISH STANLEY COMAISH University Department of Dermatology, Newcastle upon Tyne, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 8, 1 August 1968, Pages 522–528, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12342.x Published: 01 August 1968 Article history Accepted: 23 February 1968 Published: 01 August 1968