tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and harm of pharmacological prevention of acute mountain sickness: quantitative systematic review
Authors: L. Dumont
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Background</h3> There is lack of evidence for specific treatment interventions for patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) despite the substantial amount of randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating treatment outcome for this disorder. <h3>Hypothesis</h3> It has been hypothesised that this vacuum of evidence is caused by the lack of subclassification of the heterogeneous population of patients with chronic low back pain for outcome research. <h3>Study design</h3> A systematic review. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic review with a meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the integration of subclassification strategies with matched interventions in randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating manual therapy treatment and exercise therapy for NSCLBP. A structured search for relevant studies in Embase, Cinahl, Medline, PEDro and the Cochrane Trials Register database, followed by hand searching all relevant studies in English up to December 2008. <h3>Results</h3> Only 5 of 68 studies (7.4%) subclassified patients beyond applying general inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the few studies where classification and matched interventions have been used, our meta-analysis showed a statistical difference in favour of the classification-based intervention for reductions in pain (p=0.004) and disability (p=0.0005), both for short-term and long-term reduction in pain (p=0.001). Effect sizes ranged from moderate (0.43) for short term to minimal (0.14) for long term. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A better integration of subclassification strategies in NSCLBP outcome research is needed. We propose the development of explicit recommendations for the use of subclassification strategies and evaluation of targeted interventions in future research evaluating NSCLBP.
Skin necrosis in giant cell (temporal) arteritis: report of three cases
Authors: A.N. ABDULLAH, K. KECZKES, E.H. WYATT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Skin necrosis in giant cell (temporal) arteritis: report of three cases Get access A.N. ABDULLAH, A.N. ABDULLAH Department of Dermatology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. KECZKES, K. KECZKES Department of Dermatology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, U.K. Dr K. Keczkes, Consultant Dermatologist, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.H. WYATT E.H. WYATT Department of Dermatology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 120, Issue 6, 1 June 1989, Pages 843–846, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01384.x Published: 01 June 1989
Death of the First Vice-President of the American Medical Association.
Authors: Emory Lamphear
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As Secretary of the University Medical College of Kansas City I am instructed to inform you of the death of its President and Professor of Surgery, John W. Jackson, M.D., who was the first Vice-President of the American Medical Association; he died on March 13 of embolic pneumonia resulting from pyæmia (probably), at the age of 58. He was the chief surgeon of the Wabash railway system, and last year was President of the National Association of Railway Surgeons. Kansas City, Mo., March 13, 1890.
Abstract 700: ICAM-3 endows anti-cancer drug resistance against microtubule-damaging reagents via modulation of caspases activities and Bcl-2
Authors: Kwangsup So, Sung Wook Kang, Jae-Sung Kim, Sang-Gu Hwang, Hong-Duck Um, Jong Kuk Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have previously reported that intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) is associated with various cancer cell physiologic responses including developing cellular radio-resistance. In this report, we studied whether ICAM-3 exerts an additional effect on development of resistance against anti-cancer drug because drug/radiation resistance of cancer usually displays cross-resistance. We treated several anti-cancer drugs including, paclitaxel (Ptxl), 5-fourouracil (5-FU), and etoposide (Eto), to an ICAM-3 over-expressing stable transfectant or empty vector- transfected control NCI-H1299 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line (p53 and PTEN null cell). Ratios of cell survival against each drug were detected with microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. ICAM-3 stable transfectants showed less cell death compared with empty vector-transfected cells by Ptxl treatment. The ICAM-3 stable transfectants also showed a resistance against cell death induced by vincristine (VCS), another microtubule-damaging reagent. In clonogenic assay and cell counting assay, we also observed significant drug-resistance against microtubule-damaging reagents in ICAM-3 stable transfectant cell line. Ptxl/VCS-treated control control transfectant cells showed more apoptotic cell death and activation of caspase-3/-8 than those of ICAM-3 stable transfectant cell line at 96 hour after drugs treatments. Blockage of p44/42 MAPkinase and PI3-kinase/Akt pathway by treatment of pharmaceutical inhibitors increased Ptxl/VCS-induced apoptotic cell death. However, in same condition, ICAM-3 stable transfectant cell line showed relatively less cell death. We also detected ICAM-3 inhibited Ptxl/VCS-induced degradation of mitochondrial anti-apoptotic molecules including Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 in dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that ICAM-3 endowed drug-resistance of cancer cells against microtubule-damaging reagent via modulation of apoptosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 700. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-700
Abstract 2982: Impact of the RB-pathway in breast cancer heterogeneity and therapeutic response
Authors: A. Kathleen McClendon, Adam Ertel, Jeffry Dean, Chellappagounder Thangavel, Karen E. Knudsen, Agnes K. Witkiewicz, Erik S. Knudsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Molecular heterogeneity in breast cancer is associated with differential prognosis and response to therapy. However, in spite of extensive molecular classification, pathways that can be specifically targeted to understand the basis of disease and improve treatment remain poorly understood within specific subtypes of breast cancer. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) pathway is deregulated in most cancers; however varied mechanisms of inactivation have significant impacts on tumor biology. Here novel mechanistic and preclinical models were combined with analyses of tumor specimens to decipher the differential impact of the RB-pathway within breast cancer subtypes and as a specific target for patient stratification and therapeutic targeting. Initial gene expression datasets encompassing over 2000 breast cancer patient samples were used to demonstrate a striking dichotomy in the mechanisms of RB functional inactivation within subtypes of disease. In ER-positive breast cancer, disruption of RB-pathway function was associated with poor prognosis and failure of endocrine therapy. Functional studies demonstrate that such therapeutic failure largely occurs in the presence of an intact Rb gene, as a result of deregulated mitogenic signaling. In such models of hormone refractory disease we demonstrate that pharmacological activation of RB is a potent second-line therapy. In contrast, in ER-negative tumor populations RB inactivation occurs in 40-50% of cases. This event yields complete loss of RB protein, as occurs through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Strikingly, in ER-negative disease RB loss is associated with improved response to chemotherapy and longer relapse-free survival. The basis for improved response involves both deregulation of cell cycle checkpoints and apoptotic processes. Ongoing analyses are using synthetic-lethal and combination-therapy approaches to rationally target RB-status in the management of breast cancer. In total, these studies define a clear role for RB-pathway as a determinant of tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer that can be leveraged to more effectively treat breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2982. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2982
Kinetic parameters for high density lipoprotein apoprotein AI and cholesteryl ester transport in the hamster.
Authors: L A Woollett, D K Spady
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

These studies were undertaken to determine the kinetic characteristics of high density lipoprotein (HDL) apo AI and cholesteryl ester transport in the hamster in vivo. Saturable HDL apo AI transport was demonstrated in the kidneys, adrenal glands, and liver. Saturable HDL cholesteryl ester transport was highest in the adrenal glands and liver. In the liver and adrenal glands, maximal transport rates (J(m)) for receptor dependent uptake were similar for the protein and cholesteryl ester moieties; however, the concentration of HDL necessary to achieve half-maximal transport (K(m)) was 20- to 30-fold higher for apo AI. Consequently, at normal plasma HDL concentrations, the clearance of HDL cholesteryl ester exceeded that of HDL apo AI by approximately 10-fold in the adrenal glands and by approximately fivefold in the liver. At normal HDL concentrations, the majority of HDL cholesteryl ester (76%) was cleared by the liver whereas the majority of HDL apo AI (77%) was cleared by extrahepatic tissues. The rate of HDL cholesteryl ester uptake by the liver equaled the rate of cholesterol acquisition by all extrahepatic tissues suggesting that HDL cholesteryl ester uptake by the liver accurately reflects the rate of "reverse cholesterol transport." Receptor dependent HDL cholesteryl ester uptake by the liver was maximal (saturated) at normal plasma HDL concentrations. Consequently, changes in plasma HDL concentrations are not accompanied by parallel changes in the delivery of HDL cholesteryl ester to the liver unless the number or affinity of transporters is also regulated.
Cardiometabolic Risk Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Burden and Prognosis: Results From the Partners Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Registry
Authors: Edward Hulten, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Daniel O'Leary, Ravi Shah, Brian Ghoshhajra, Mitalee P. Christman, Philip Montana, Michael Steigner, Quynh A. Truong, Khurram Nasir, Frank Rybicki, Jon Hainer, Thomas J. Brady, Marcelo F. Di Carli, Udo Hoffmann, Suhny Abbara, Ron Blankstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Our purpose was to evaluate coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence and prognosis according to cardiometabolic (CM) risk.Registry of all patients without prior CAD referred for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Patients were stratified by groups of increasing CM risk factors (hypertension, low HDL, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and dysglycemia) as follows: patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with fewer than three or with three or more CM risk factors, patients with T2DM not requiring insulin, or those with T2DM requiring insulin. Patients were followed for a primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) composed of unstable angina, late coronary revascularization, myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiovascular mortality.Among 1,118 patients (mean age 57 ± 13 years) followed for a mean 3.1 years, there were 21 (1.9%) cardiovascular deaths and 13 (1.2%) MIs. There was a stepwise increase in the prevalence of obstructive CAD with increasing CM risk, from 15% in those without diabetes and fewer than three CM risk factors to as high as 46% in patients with T2DM requiring insulin (P < 0.001). Insulin exposure was associated with the highest adjusted hazard of MACE (hazard ratio 3.29 [95% CI 1.28-8.45], P = 0.01), whereas both T2DM without insulin (1.35, P = 0.3) and three or more CM risk factors without T2DM (1.48, P = 0.3) were associated with a similar rate of MACE.Patients without diabetes who have multiple metabolic risk factors have a similar prognosis and burden of CAD as those with T2DM not requiring insulin. Among patients with diabetes, the need for insulin therapy is associated with greater burden of CAD as well as worse prognosis.
Self-care Education Program in the Elderly
Authors: Renzo Rozzini
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read the report by Vickery et al<sup>1</sup>on the impact of a self-care educational program on the decrease in medical visits. The results may be at least partially compared with those recently obtained by our group on a homogeneous population of elderly subjects. In the small town of Ome (Lombardy, northern Italy) we carried out a large-scale educational program on the population older than 60 years (about 360 subjects). The project consisted of group meetings, personal interviews, and distribution of a booklet prepared by us on the basis of the "Age Page" (published by the US National Institute on Aging and concerning self-care of the elderly). Fifteen months later we are trying to detect the possible effects of our intervention on the basis of the number of checkups carried out per person and the type of medical problems posed by the patients. The inquiry was
Benefit from controlling blood pressure was understated
Authors: J K Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Sandeep Gupta and colleagues press the case for coronary prevention among British Indo-Asians.1 While we continue research into causes we also have to emphasise what we already know and may not be applying. The authors mention adequate detection and control of high blood pressure only in passing.

Results of controlled trials in groups at high risk, including people in the Medical Research Council's trial in older adults and its American …
Efficiency of Atorvastatin in the Protection of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zeydin Acar, Abdurrahman Kale, Mehmet Turgut, Sabri Demircan, Kenan Durna, Serdar Demir, Murat Meriç, Mustafa Tarık Ağaç
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis Investigation of a large-scale community outbreak in Dade County, Florida
Authors: Peter A. Patriarca, Ida M. Onorato, Virgil E. F. Sklar, Lawrence B. Schonberger, Rose M. Kaminski, Milford H. Hatch, David M. Morens, Richard K. Forster
Journal: JAMA (1983)

An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) due to enterovirus type 70 occurred in Dade County, Florida, from September to December 1981. Younger age groups, members of larger households, and the poor were at significantly greater risk of acquiring AHC than others in the community. Schoolchildren were most likely to introduce AHC into the household. After exclusion of all affected children from school, there was a dramatic reduction in reported cases, with attack ratesups, members of larger households, and the poor were at significantly greater risk of acquiring AHC than others in the community. Schoolchildren were most likely to introduce AHC into the household. After exclusion of all affected children from school, there was a dramatic reduction in reported cases, with attack ratesups, members of larger households, and the poor were at significantly greater risk of acquiring AHC than others in the community. Schoolchildren were most likely to introduce AHC into the household. After exclusion of all affected children from school, there was a dramatic reduction in reported cases, with attack rates declining more rapidly for school-aged children than for other age groups. Although AHC spread readily among family members, a retrospective study of 124 affected households showed an association between lower attack rates and simple hygienic measures. Should outbreaks of AHC recur, measures to reduce transmission should include exclusion of affected schoolchildren and educating the public about hygienic precautions.
A ligand-free, soluble urokinase receptor is present in the ascitic fluid from patients with ovarian cancer.
Authors: N Pedersen, M Schmitt, E Rønne, M I Nicoletti, G Høyer-Hansen, M Conese, R Giavazzi, K Dano, W Kuhn, F Jänicke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have identified a soluble form of the human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) in the ascitic fluids from patients with ovarian cancer. After purification of uPAR from the ascitic fluids by ligand-affinity chromatography (pro-uPA Sepharose), the uPAR was initially identified by cross-linking to a radiolabeled amino-terminal fragment of human uPA. The uPAR purified from the ascitic fluid has no bound ligand (uPA), as similar amounts can be purified by ligand-affinity chromatography as by immuno-affinity chromatography. uPAR from ascitic fluids partitions in the water phase after a temperature-dependent phase separation of a detergent extract. It therefore lacks at least the lipid moiety of the glycophospholipid anchor present in cellular-bound uPARs. It is highly glycosylated and the deglycosylated form has the same electrophoretic mobility as previously characterized cellular uPAR from other sources. The immunoreactivity of the purified uPAR from the ascitic fluid is indistinguishable from that of characterized uPAR, demonstrated by Western blotting with three different anti-uPAR monoclonal antibodies. The uPAR was found in 11 of 11 ascitic fluids from patients with ovarian cancer and in elevated amounts in the plasma from 2 of 3 patients. The concentration of soluble uPAR in the ascitic fluid was estimated to range between 1 and 10 ng/ml. Human soluble uPAR, derived from the tumor cells, was also found in the ascitic fluid and serum from nude mice xenografted intraperitoneally with three different human ovarian carcinomas.
Coronary-Artery Calcification
Authors: Saib S Khogali, Jonathan N Townend
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Figure 1. A 78-year-old man with long-standing end-stage renal failure and a previous mitral-valve replacement presented with a one-month history of episodes of effort-related syncope. Results of physical examination and echocardiography were consistent with the presence of severe aortic stenosis. At coronary angiography, striking calcification of the left coronary artery outlining the major coronary vessels was evident on initial fluoroscopy (Panel A). Selective coronary angiography (Panel B) revealed severe left main-stem disease (arrow) and diffuse left and right coronary artery disease. Although coronary-artery calcification is common, even in young patients who are undergoing dialysis, the relation between atherosclerosis and vascular . . .
Soluble fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 1
Authors: Holger Stepan, Anne Geide, Renaldo Faber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), a splice variant of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Flt1 and a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor, has...
Clinical Lecture on Torsion of Arteries
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1868)

the walls of the alveoli: around the grey granulations, and for a space of three or four times its area, there is a circumference of thickening affecting both the walls of the alveoli and of the smaller bronchi.This appearance is more distinct in the guinea-pig than in many specimens of tubercle in the human lung; but it can be distinctly seen sometimes in the latter, and is a fact of great pathological import- ance, explaining the increased density and loss of elasticity of the lung occurring in the early stages of tuberculosis, which cannot be satisfac- torily accounted for by the mere presence of the grey granulations.The bronchial glands are affected exactly like the axillary; and, a description of the one applies precisely to the other, except that the cheesy changes are rather less marked and spots of softening are less common in the bronchial.[To be continzued.
Safety of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
Authors: B. Appleby
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BRITLSHMEDICAL JOURNMl approximately 4.0.Batches of one dozen un- stqrile and irradiated swabs were soaked in Sorensen's buffer, pH 7.0, and dried in an incubator at 37°C.These, together with un- treated controls, were inoculated with 4 X 105 cells and cultured after 24 hours at room tem- perature.The results are shown in Table It.(3) To confirm the lethal effect of low pH values on the test organism. 1ml.quantities of broth culture were added to 9 ml.volumes of citrate buffer, pH 4.6, and Sorensen's buffer, pH 7.0.These mixtures were held at room temperature, and standard loopfuls were removed to blood-agar plates at hourly intervals for a total of eight hours.The results are shown in Table III.
Obesity and the Body Image: I. Characteristics of Disturbances in the Body Image of Some Obese Persons
Authors: ALBERT STUNKARD, MYER MENDELSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Of the many behavioral disturbances to which obese persons are subject, only two seem specifically related to their obesity. One is overeating, the other is a disturbance in body image. The disturbance in body image is characterized by a feeling that one's body is grotesque and loathesome and that others view it with hostility and contempt. This feeling is associated with self-consciousness and with impaired social functioning. It arises among emotionally disturbed persons whose obesity began prior to adult life, in families which did not value their obesity. The disturbance is not affected by weight reduction but has been favorably altered by long-term psychotherapy.
The war on drugs
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Drugs, says psychiatrist Thomas Szasz, have taken over the lead role from sex in the “the grand morality play of human existence.”1 “No longer,” says Szasz, “are men, women, and children tempted, corrupted, and ruined by the irresistibly sweet pleasures of sex; instead, they are tempted, corrupted, and ruined by the irresistibly sweet pleasures of drugs.” Because dealing with drugs is viewed as a moral problem, politicians tend to compete in their zeal to banish the evil from the kingdom. Those who talk of legalisation are dismissed as mavericks, and whipped back into line. The British government's drug strategy for the next three years states baldly “There will be no legalisation of any currently controlled drugs.”2 But some legalisation would help.

The politicians fighting the jihad against drugs want to obliterate the enemy. They, of course, make an exception for legal drugs like alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine; indeed, the British government last week recommended tee totallers to take up drinking alcohol for the good of their health.3 Yet a world devoid of drugs seems as unlikely as a world devoid of poverty and sin. Thomas Sydenham observed 300 years ago that “Among the remedies which it has pleased Almighty God to give to man to relieve his sufferings, none is so universal and so efficacious as opium” (4); and Aldous Huxley wrote “That humanity at large will ever be able to dispense with Artificial Paradises seems very unlikely. Most men and women lead lives at the worst so painful, at the best so …