tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of overdrive pacing and lidocaine on atrioventricular junctional rhythm in man: the role of abnormal automaticity.
Authors: J Tenczer, L Littmann, M Rohla, T Fenyvesi
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The effects of overdrive pacing and lidocaine were studied in 22 patients with atrioventricular (AV) junctional rhythms. Based on the responses to cardiac pacing and lidocaine, patients were divided into two groups. AV junctional rhythms in group I (17 patients) were suppressed by overdrive pacing, and their rates were decreased by lidocaine. Lidocaine also prolonged the junctional recovery time in these patients. AV junctional rhythms in group II (five patients) were not suppressed by overdrive pacing. In contrast, the rate increased after overdrive pacing. Lidocaine did not alter the basic cycle lengths or the recovery times of the AV junctional rhythms in this group of patients. The data suggest that AV junctional rhythms in group I were caused by normal automaticity, while those in group II were probably due to abnormal automaticity.
Associations Between Human Aldosterone Synthase (CYP11B2) Gene Polymorphisms and Left Ventricular Size, Mass, and Function
Authors: Markku Kupari, Aarno Hautanen, Laura Lankinen, Pekka Koskinen, Juha Virolainen, Heli Nikkila, Perrin C. White
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Aldosterone has direct and indirect effects on the heart, and genetic variations in aldosterone synthesis could therefore influence cardiac structure and function. Such variations might be associated with polymorphisms in the gene encoding aldosterone synthase ( CYP11B2 ), the enzyme catalyzing the last steps of aldosterone biosynthesis. Methods and Results —A Finnish population sample of 84 persons (44 women) aged 36 to 37 years was studied by M-mode and Doppler echocardiography to assess left ventricular size, mass, and function. Subjects were genotyped through the use of the polymerase chain reaction for two diallelic polymorphisms in CYP11B2 : one in the transcriptional regulatory region (promoter) and the other in the second intron. In multiple regression analyses, the CYP11B2 promoter genotype predicted statistically significant variations in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (β=.40, P &lt;.0001), end-systolic diameter (β=.33, P =.0009), and mass (β=.17, P =.023). These effects were independent of potentially confounding factors, including sex, body size, blood pressure, physical activity, smoking, and ethanol consumption. Genotype groups also differed in a measure of left ventricular diastolic function, the heart rate–adjusted atrial filling fraction ( P =.018). Increased dietary salt, which is known to predict increased left ventricular mass, had this effect only in association with certain CYP11B2 genotypes ( P &lt;.001). Conclusions —Genetic variations in or near the aldosterone synthase ( CYP11B2 ) gene strongly affect left ventricular size and mass in young adults free of clinical heart disease. These polymorphisms may also influence the response of the left ventricle to increases in dietary salt.
<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Urethral Infections in Men
Authors: WALTER E. STAMM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Twelve percent of 596 men presenting to a sexually transmitted disease clinic had positive urethral cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis, and 53% had microimmunofluorescent antibody to chlamydia. Prevalence of C. trachomatis urethral infection was greater in heterosexual than homosexual men (14% versus 5%; p < 0.01), in men under 20 years of age, and in blacks. Only 10% of men with gonococcal urethral infection lacked symptoms or signs of urethritis, whereas nearly 25% of men with C. trachomatis urethral infection had no signs and symptoms, 33% lacked abnormal numbers of leukocytes on urethral Gram stain, and 50% were identified and treated solely on the basis of a screening culture. The number of newly diagnosed cases found by screening cultures was 1.3 per 100 cultures for gonorrhea but 5.5 per 100 for chlamydial infection. Clinicians appropriately treated 91% of men with gonococcal urethritis on their initial visit before culture results were available versus only 51% of men with chlamydial urethral infection. Asymptomatic urethral infections in men eventually contribute to chlamydial infections in women, and culture screening for their detection appears warranted in high-risk populations.
Cellular Basis for the Normal T Wave and the Electrocardiographic Manifestations of the Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Gan-Xin Yan, Charles Antzelevitch
Journal: Circulation (1998)

This study probes the cellular basis for the T wave under baseline and long-QT (LQT) conditions using an arterially perfused canine left ventricular (LV) wedge preparation, which permits direct temporal correlation of cellular transmembrane and ECG events.Floating microelectrodes were used to record transmembrane action potentials (APs) simultaneously from epicardial, M-region, and endocardial sites or subendocardial Purkinje fibers. A transmural ECG was recorded concurrently. Under baseline and LQT conditions, repolarization of the epicardial action potential, the earliest to repolarize, coincided with the peak of the T wave; repolarization of the M cells, the last to repolarize, coincided with the end of the T wave. Thus, the action potential duration (APD) of the longest M cells determine the QT interval and the Tpeak-Tend interval serves as an index of transmural dispersion of repolarization. Repolarization of Purkinje fibers outlasted that of the M cell but failed to register on the ECG. The morphology of the T wave appeared to be due to currents flowing down voltage gradients on either side of the M region during phase 2 and phase 3 of the ventricular action potential. The interplay between these opposing forces determined the height of the T wave as well as the degree to which the ascending or descending limb of the T wave was interrupted, giving rise to bifurcated T waves and "apparent T-U complexes" under LQT conditions. Spontaneous and stimulation-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with characteristics of torsade de pointes (TdP) developed in the presence of dl-sotalol.Our results provide the first direct evidence that opposing voltage gradients between epicardium and the M region and endocardium and the M region contribute prominently to the inscription of the ECG T wave under normal conditions and to the widened or bifurcated T wave and long-QT interval observed under LQT conditions. Our data suggest that the "pathophysiological U" wave observed in acquired or congenital LQTS is more likely to be a second component of an interrupted T wave, and argue for use of the term T2 in place of U to describe this event.
Measurement of bronchial blood flow in the sheep by video dilution technique.
Authors: D P Link, G H Parsons, B M Lantz, R A Gunther, J F Green, C E Cross
Journal: Thorax (1985)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) and cause gastric ulceration. NSAIDs also impair granulation tissue angiogenesis and healing of established gastric ulcers in humans. The mechanism whereby NSAIDs inhibit granulation tissue angiogenesis is unknown but may involve inhibition of either or both COX isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2). <h3>AIMS</h3> To investigate COX expression by human gastric endothelial (HuGE) cells during angiogenesis in vitro. <h3>METHODS</h3> COX-1 and COX-2 expression by HuGE cells was investigated by western blot analysis, indirect immunofluorescence, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and measurement of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> synthesis. Plating onto basement membrane matrix and stimulation by phorbol ester were used as in vitro models of angiogenesis. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Under normal culture conditions (30% serum), HuGE cells expressed COX-1 and low levels of COX-2. COX-2 expression was induced in HuGE cells in both angiogenesis models. Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> production and tubular structure formation by HuGE cells on basement membrane matrix was significantly inhibited by a selective COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Angiogenesis by HuGE cells in vitro was associated with induction of functional COX-2 expression. A selective COX-2 inhibitor significantly decreased HuGE cell angiogenesis on basement membrane matrix. Extrapolation of these data to human gastric ulcer angiogenesis in vivo suggests that selective COX-2 inhibitors could delay gastric ulcer healing to the same extent as traditional NSAIDs which are non-selective COX inhibitors.
Recapturing Immediacy in Morning Report
Authors: Thomas A. Parrino
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 March 1994Recapturing Immediacy in Morning ReportThomas A. Parrino, MDThomas A. Parrino, MDProvidence Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Providence, RI 02908Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:“The starting point for organizing the program content of education … must be the present, existential, concrete situation …” [1].Wenger and Shpiner's study on medical morning report [2] adds perspective to our understanding of the current realities of clinical teaching. Their findings reflect current practice in that patients are hospitalized mainly for technical procedures and interventions directed against catastrophic illnesses.This analysis of an important medical conference reinforces previous observations made about the deficiencies of classroom-style teaching in a profession where hands-on, personalized care has always been central [3]. Although conference-style teaching provides some efficiencies [4], ...References1. Freire P. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum; 1990:85. Google Scholar2. Wenger NS, Shpiner RB. An analysis of morning report: implications for internal medicine education. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:395-9. Google Scholar3. Parrino TA, Mitchell R. Diagnosis as a skill: a clinical perspective. Perspect Biol Med. 1989; 33:18-44. Google Scholar4. Parrino TA, White AT. Grand rounds revisited: Results of a survey of U.S. departments of medicine. Am J Med. 1990; 89:491-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Providence, RI 02908 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMorning Report 1 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 5Page: 442-443 Issue Published: 1 March 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cancer of the head and neck. Nasopharyngeal cancer. Split dose radiotherapy
Authors: P. W. Scanlon
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Treatment reactions seen in the course of and after radiotherapy for malignant lesions of the head and neck are among the severest and physically most distressing encountered by the radiotherapist. One of the severest reactions, radioepithelitis or skin reaction, was obviated with the advent of supervoltage equipment, particularly cobalt teletherapy in the mid 1950's. There have been other notable advances toward improved treatment planning and administration. Still, the average patient undergoing modern high-dose fractionated radiotherapy to the upper respiratory and digestive tracts is subject to a most distressing array of treatment side effects. Depending on the size of the treatment portals and the area of mucous membrane encompassed within the treatment area, radiomucositis, essentially a process of cellular death and denudation of the germinative layer of the mucous membranes, ensues about two weeks after radiation is initiated. Initially this radiomucositis is painful only on swallowing or mastication, but later, at
Nephrotic Syndrome in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: J. R. E. Dathan, M. F. Heyworth, A. G. Maciver
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and the nephrotic syndrome are described in whom deposits were shown in renal glomerular basement membranes in a pattern suggesting immune-complex glomerulonephritis. This renal lesion has been described in one case of squamous carcinoma of the bronchus, in one case of Burkitt's lymphoma, and in three cases of Hodgkin's disease though not previously in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Immune-complex glomerulonephritis is, however, a recognized finding in mice infected with leukaemogenic viruses
The persistence of atopic dermatitis and filaggrin (FLG) mutations in a US longitudinal cohort
Authors: David J. Margolis, Andrea J. Apter, Jayanta Gupta, Ole Hoffstad, Maryte Papadopoulos, Linda E. Campbell, Aileen Sandilands, W.H. Irwin McLean, Tim R. Rebbeck, Nandita Mitra
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Sudanese doctors' role in judicial amputation "breaks medical ethics"
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Allegations that doctors in Khartoum’s Al-Ribat University Hospital helped with the cross amputation of a man convicted of armed robbery have led to widespread concern among medical bodies and human rights groups. This was the first time in 30 years that this particular punishment, which involves the amputation of the right hand and the left foot, had been done in Sudan. 

The Sudan Social Development Organisation said that the sentence was carried out on Adam Mohammed Muthna on 14 February. The claim that doctors were involved appeared in the local Al Sudani newspaper, the organisation said; and the charity Amnesty International told the …
Clinical implications of internal mammary artery bypass grafts: the Coronary Artery Surgery Study experience.
Authors: A Cameron, K B Davis, G E Green, W O Myers, M Pettinger
Journal: Circulation (1988)

From the Coronary Artery Surgery Study Registry, all patients undergoing initial bypass surgery procedures with independent vein grafts were identified. The 950 patients receiving an internal mammary artery bypass graft were compared with the 6027 patients receiving vein graft alone. Improved survival rates with internal mammary artery grafts were noted at hospitals in which these grafts were performed infrequently as well as those in which the internal mammary artery graft was used frequently. The improved survival was noted in patients with normal (p = .004) as well as impaired (p = .004) ventricular function, in men (p = .0001) as well as women (p = .005), in patients over age 65 (p = .01) as well as younger patients (p less than .0001), and in those with (p = .05) or without (p less than .0001) critical stenosis of the left main coronary artery. The internal mammary artery bypass graft was an independent predictor of survival (p = .0004) and reduced the risk of dying by a factor of 0.64. It was concluded that the internal mammary artery graft is the bypass vessel of choice and should not be denied any subgroup.
Absence of seroconversion of HIV-1 antibody in seroreactive individuals
Authors: S. A. Tenenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The recent article by Roy et al1describes an impressive retrospective study quantifying the error rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serum antibody testing  a large cohort of military personnel. The main conclusion of the article is that true  (ie, loss of confirmed HIV seropositivity not resulting from clearance of passively acquired maternal antibodies) does not occur, and that in fact, most (if not all) cases of apparent seroreversion represent errors of attribution or testing. We feel that it is important not to overinterpret these results or necessarily to extend the conclusion to other nonmilitary populations.  More than 2.5 million individuals were tested  this study, and 4911 were confirmed HIV-seropositive. Only six individuals (excluding 31 transiently seropositive infants) received at least two positive tests followed by a negative test and met the authors' definition of potential seroreverters. It would have been useful to
Estrogen plus Progestin in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Paul C. MacDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

At present there are more than 40 million women in the United States who are over 50 years of age. Indeed, one third of a woman's life is spent after menopause. Great effort must therefore be expended to understand the physiologic changes of the female climacteric, in order to address the health problems that women experience during this time.The cessation of ovarian secretion of 17β-estradiol is the principal endocrine event in the menopause. Thereafter, estrogen is produced only by extraglandular conversion of plasma androstenedione to the weak estrogen, estrone.1 Clearly, it is estrogen withdrawal that leads to vasomotor instability . . .
Successful endoscopic ultrasound-assisted resection of a giant ulcerated rectal lipoma causing hematochezia
Authors: C.-S. Lim, S.-J. Park, M.-I. Park, W. Moon, H.-H. Kim, B.-J. Kim, D.-Y. Ku, J.-H. Yoo, S.-H. Jeong, S.-E. Kim, J.-H. Paek
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Most colonic lipomas occur in the cecum and ascending colon, are asymptomatic, and need no treatment. However, lesions exceeding 2 cm in diameter may produce symptoms [1] [2]. We report successful endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-assisted resection of a large ulcerated rectal lipoma presenting hematochezia.
A growth of ideas: Role of calcium as activator of cardiac contraction
Authors: A Katz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

A role for calcium as activator of cardiac contraction was first suggested in 1883, when Ringer observed that hearts placed in a calcium-free solution ceased to beat [1]. This was an accidental discovery that occurred when Ringer’s technician used distilled water, rather than the water supplied by the New River Water Company, in studies of isolated frog hearts. Ringer analyzed the ‘pipe water’, and found that it contained ‘minute traces of various inorganic substances’. When he tested the ability of different salts to support cardiac contraction, Ringer not only identified the ability of calcium to restore cardiac contraction, but also found that this effect was antagonized by potassium [2]. As described below, the negative inotropic effect of potassium was to confuse investigators more than a half century later.

It took almost 80 years before the major systems responsible for the activating effect of calcium on the heart came into focus. This brief history provides a personal view of several of the discoveries between 1883 and the 1960s that made it possible to explain Ringer’s seminal observation.

The slow pace at which science moved in the early 20th century is seen in the fact that 30 years elapsed between Ringer’s first report and the next logical experiment. This experiment, reported by Mines in 1913, showed that although the heart cannot contract in a calcium-free solution, it does generate an electrical signal [3]. Mines’ study, by demonstrating that calcium is not essential for electrical signaling at the cell surface, suggested instead that this ion might serve as a direct activator of the contractile process within the cell. However, another 30 years were to pass before methods were developed that could test this hypothesis directly.

Demonstration of the ability of increased cytosolic calcium to activate the contractile machinery required methods … 

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US board gives green light to publication of bird flu studies it previously blocked
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A US government panel has given two journals the go ahead to publish research on transmission of avian flu. It had previously recommended that the journals withhold publication of the studies for fear that public health would be endangered if they fell into the wrong hands ( BMJ 2011;343:d8333, doi:10.1136/bmj.d8333).

In December 2011 the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity, which provides recommendations on research publication at the request of the US government, asked the journals Science and Nature to withhold publication of “methodological and other details” of two studies relating to the potential for human to human transmission of the H5N1 virus as an aerosol because “that could enable replication of the experiments by those who would seek to …
Resistance to cytarabine and gemcitabine and in vitro selection of transduced cells after retroviral expression of cytidine deaminase in human hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: W Bardenheuer, K Lehmberg, I Rattmann, A Brueckner, A Schneider, U R Sorg, S Seeber, T Moritz, M Flasshove
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Indigenous Peoples of North America: Environmental Exposures and Reproductive Justice
Authors: Elizabeth Hoover, Katsi Cook, Ron Plain, Kathy Sanchez, Vi Waghiyi, Pamela Miller, Renee Dufault, Caitlin Sislin, David O. Carpenter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Indigenous American communities face disproportionate health burdens and environmental health risks compared with the average North American population. These health impacts are issues of both environmental and reproductive justice.In this commentary, we review five indigenous communities in various stages of environmental health research and discuss the intersection of environmental health and reproductive justice issues in these communities as well as the limitations of legal recourse.The health disparities impacting life expectancy and reproductive capabilities in indigenous communities are due to a combination of social, economic, and environmental factors. The system of federal environmental and Indian law is insufficient to protect indigenous communities from environmental contamination. Many communities are interested in developing appropriate research partnerships in order to discern the full impact of environmental contamination and prevent further damage.Continued research involving collaborative partnerships among scientific researchers, community members, and health care providers is needed to determine the impacts of this contamination and to develop approaches for remediation and policy interventions.
Effects of Food on Behavior-Reply
Authors: Bennett L. Leventhal
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the opportunity to respond to Dr Kushner. Our initial response to Dr Gardner's question was focused on the issues he had raised concerning his patient. Dr Kushner is quite right, however, in noting the possibility of other interactions between diet and behavior. Besides migraine, there are a number of other disorders that may have either behavioral or emotional symptoms. The examples, just to mention a few, range from carbohydrate consumption in labile diabetes<sup>1,2</sup>to phenylalanine consumption in phenylketonuria<sup>3</sup>and dietary indiscretion in porphyria.<sup>4</sup> The symptoms cited by Drs Gardner and Kushner are specific neither to food allergy nor childhood migraine. Indeed, these common symptoms may suggest many other prevalent and potentially serious disorders. The chronic course of unrecognized lead poisoning, for instance, can be characterized by behavioral changes including hyperirritability, anorexia, hyperactivity, and decreased participation in play. These symptoms can be accompanied by