tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clearance of circulating IgA immune complexes is mediated by a specific receptor on Kupffer cells in mice.
Authors: A Rifai, M Mannik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

To characterize the physiology of circulating IgA immune complexes (IgA-IC), the dynamics of IgA-IC removal by the liver were examined. After intravenous injection, covalently cross-linked IgA antibodies to the dinitrophenyl determinant were rapidly removed from the circulation by the liver. Immunofluorescence microscopy and light and electron microscope autoradiography showed that the IgA-IC were associated with Kupffer cells. With increasing doses of injected IgA-IC the clearance velocity approached a maximum, thus prolonging the circulation of IgA-IC. All these observations indicated a receptor-mediated process. Saturating doses of various potential receptor-blocking agents, heat-aggregated mouse IgG, microaggregated human serum albumin, and purified dimeric IgA did not influence the clearance pattern and hepatic uptake of radiolabeled IgA-IC. Mouse livers were also perfused via the portal vein with 1 microgram of IgA-IC. In the presence or absence of serum proteins, 43% of the perfused IgA-IC were removed in a single passage. This liver uptake was not reduced with simultaneous perfusion of large doses of aggregated mouse IgG, aggregated human serum albumin, or purified free dimeric mouse IgA. In contrast, the liver uptake of radiolabeled IgA-IC was decreased by 88% with the addition of 1 mg unlabeled IgA-IC. These observations support the conclusion that removal of IgA-IC from circulation is mediated by a specific IgA receptor on Kupffer cells.
White blood cell count and mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Carmen Venetz, José Labarère, David Jiménez, Drahomir Aujesky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Although associated with adverse outcomes in other cardiovascular diseases, the prognostic value of an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count, a marker of inflammation and hypercoagulability, is uncertain in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). We therefore sought to assess the prognostic impact of the WBC in a large, state‐wide retrospective cohort of patients with PE. We evaluated 14,228 patient discharges with a primary diagnosis of PE from 186 hospitals in Pennsylvania. We used random‐intercept logistic regression to assess the independent association between WBC count levels at the time of presentation and mortality and hospital readmission within 30 days, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. Patients with an admission WBC count &lt;5.0, 5.0–7.8, 7.9–9.8, 9.9–12.6, and &gt;12.6 × 10 9 /L had a cumulative 30‐day mortality of 10.9%, 6.2%, 5.4%, 8.3%, and 16.3% ( P &lt; 0.001), and a readmission rate of 17.6%, 11.9%, 10.9%, 11.5%, and 15.0%, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). Compared with patients with a WBC count 7.9–9.8 × 10 9 /L, adjusted odds of 30‐day mortality were significantly greater for patients with a WBC count &lt;5.0 × 10 9 /L (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–2.03), 9.9–12.6 × 10 9 /L (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.26–1.91), or &gt;12.6 × 10 9 /L (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.83–2.69), respectively. The adjusted odds of readmission were also significantly increased for patients with a WBC count &lt;5.0 × 10 9 /L (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07–1.68) or &gt;12.6 × 10 9 /L (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10–1.51). In patients presenting with PE, WBC count is an independent predictor of short‐term mortality and hospital readmission. Am. J. Hematol. 88:677–681, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acoustic neuromas following childhood radiation treatment for benign conditions of the head and neck
Authors: Arthur B. Schneider, Elaine Ron, Jay Lubin, Marilyn Stovall, Eileen Shore-Freedman, Jocelyn Tolentino, Barbara J. Collins
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

Childhood radiation exposure has been associated with an increased risk for developing several neoplasms, particularly benign and malignant thyroid tumors, but little is known about the risk of developing acoustic neuromas. The aim of this study was to confirm whether there is a risk for acoustic neuromas and, if so, to determine its magnitude and duration. We investigated the time trend and dose-response relationships for acoustic neuroma incidence in a cohort of 3,112 individuals who were irradiated as children between 1939 and 1962. Most of the patients were treated to reduce the size of their tonsils and adenoids and received substantial radiation exposure to the cerebellopontine angle, the site of acoustic neuromas. Forty-three patients developed benign acoustic neuromas, forty of them surgically resected, far in excess of what might be expected from data derived from brain tumor registries. The mean dose (+/-SD) to the cerebellopontine angle was 4.6 +/- 1.9 Gy. The relative risk per Gy was 1.14 (95% confidence interval 1.0-1.3). The earliest case occurred 20.4 years after exposure and the latest 55 years after exposure (mean 38.3 +/- 10.1 years). Our study provides support for an association between acoustic neuromas and childhood radiation exposure. Although acoustic neuromas are usually benign and often asymptomatic, many cause significant morbidity. Following childhood radiation exposure, they appear after a long latency and continue to occur many decades afterward. Any symptoms of an acoustic neuroma in a patient with a history of radiation to the head and neck area should be investigated carefully, and the threshold for employing imaging should be lowered.
Oral zinc sulphate causes murine hair hypopigmentation and is a potent inhibitor of eumelanogenesis<i>in vivo</i>
Authors: P.M. Plonka, B. Handjiski, D. Michalczyk, M. Popik, R. Paus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Oral zinc sulphate causes murine hair hypopigmentation and is a potent inhibitor of eumelanogenesis in vivo Get access P.M. Plonka, P.M. Plonka Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, PL‐30‐387 Krakow, Poland Przemyslaw M. Plonka. E‐mail: mieszko@mol.uj.edu.pl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Handjiski, B. Handjiski Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, PL‐30‐387 Krakow, PolandCentre of Biomedical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Charité, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Michalczyk, D. Michalczyk Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, PL‐30‐387 Krakow, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Popik, M. Popik Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, PL‐30‐387 Krakow, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Paus R. Paus Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 1, 1 July 2006, Pages 39–49, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07376.x Published: 01 July 2006 Article history Accepted: 15 March 2006 Published: 01 July 2006
Treatment of syringomyelia.
Authors: B Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

there was a deficiency of dopamine in the corpus striatum there would be a release of acetylcholine, which would produce symp- toms of its own when it could not fulfil its usual function of releasing dopamine.This would account for the bradykinesia, increas- ing tremor, etc., which are controlled by giving benzotropine.-I am, etc.,
Prednisone plus Methotrexate for Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Authors: Roberto Caporali, Marco A. Cimmino, Gianfranco Ferraccioli, Roberto Gerli, Catherine Klersy, Carlo Salvarani, Carlomaurizio Montecucco
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Steroids are the standard treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica. The efficacy of the candidate drug methotrexate has not yet been demonstrated in controlled studies. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of prednisone plus methotrexate and prednisone alone in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Design: Multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: 5 Italian rheumatology clinics. Patients: 72 patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica. Measurements: The proportion of patients no longer taking prednisone, the number of flare-ups, and the cumulative prednisone dose after 76 weeks. Intervention: Prednisone dosage (25 mg/d) was tapered to 0 mg/d within 24 weeks and was adjusted if flare-ups occurred. Oral methotrexate (10 mg) or placebo, with folinic acid supplementation (7.5 mg), was given weekly for 48 weeks. Results: Twenty-eight of 32 patients in the methotrexate group and 16 of 30 patients in the placebo group were no longer taking prednisone at 76 weeks (P = 0.003). The risk difference was 34 percentage points (95% CI, 11 to 53 percentage points). Similar results were obtained after adjustment for C-reactive protein level and duration of symptoms in a multivariate model. Fifteen of 32 patients in the methotrexate group and 22 of 30 patients in the placebo group had at least 1 flare-up by the end of follow-up (P = 0.04). The median prednisone dose was 2.1 g in the methotrexate group and 2.97 g in the placebo group (P = 0.03). The rate and severity of adverse events were similar. Limitations: Follow-up was short, and a high dose of folinic acid and a relatively high starting dosage of prednisone were used. Ten of 72 patients (14%) discontinued treatment or were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Prednisone plus methotrexate is associated with shorter prednisone treatment and steroid sparing. It may be useful in patients at high risk for steroid-related toxicity.
The Preservation of Life
Authors: Norman K. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Physicians who treat terminal patients hear requests for negative euthanasia from the families as well as the patients. Pleas for positive euthanasia are uncommon. The desire for flexibility in the medical management of death was evident among the 418 physicians surveyed. Paradoxically, the physician groups most in favor of change were those least responsible for the care of dying patients—anesthesiologists, pathologists, psychiatrists, and radiologists. About one third of the physicians favored changes in current standards of medical practice which would permit each of the following: (1) negative euthanasia following consent of relatives; (2) positive euthanasia for certain carefully selected patients; or (3) abortion for the convenience of the patient. In the specific instance of patients in a state of chronic uremia, 72% of physicians stated that they would exercise negative euthanasia by not performing dialysis on all patients with chronic uremia.
Equipotent Antihypertensive Agents Variously Affect Pulsatile Hemodynamics and Regression of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Gary F. Mitchell, Marc A. Pfeffer, Peter V. Finn, Janice M. Pfeffer
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Converting enzyme inhibitors are more effective than arteriolar vasodilators at regressing left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), possibly because of nonhemodynamic factors. However, the pulsatile component of hemodynamic load has not been evaluated in this model. Methods and Results We measured pulsatile hemodynamics in 18-month-old male SHR after 6 months of therapy with either zofenopril (Z), hydralazine (H), or water (W). Hydralazine and zofenopril reduced mean arterial pressure comparably (W, 106±23 versus H, 81±12 versus Z, 84±18 mm Hg, P =.002) yet had a differential effect on the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight (W, 3.9±0.5 versus H, 3.3±0.4 versus Z, 2.4±0.2 g/kg, P &lt;.005). Hydralazine-treated SHR had increased characteristic impedance ( P =.0011) and a persistently low ratio of the reflected-wave transit time to left ventricular ejection time ( P &lt;.001), which contributed to early and late systolic loading, respectively, of the left ventricle. Consequently, only zofenopril-treated SHR had a significant reduction in left ventricular systolic force-time integral ( P =.02), a measure of total ventricular load. There were no differences in systolic stress-time integral, suggesting that mass was appropriate to load when all elements of steady-flow and pulsatile load were considered. Conclusions A blunted reduction in total left ventricular load, due to increased pulsatile load in SHR treated with hydralazine, provided a hemodynamic basis for the differential regression of hypertrophy in this model of genetic hypertension.
IMPROVISATION OF A ROLLER BANDAGE FROM A SQUARE OR HANDKERCHIEF BANDAGE
Authors: W. H. BAILEY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In emergency cases in which a dressing or a splint is required it sometimes happens that a square or handkerchief bandage does not serve the purpose nearly as well as a roller bandage. The method here described is one by which a roller bandage may be made from a handkerchief very quickly and easily. It might seem that the improvised bandage would be too clumsy and weak; but if it is applied firmly and neatly it will be found to hold quite as snugly as a regular roller bandage. The Cloth is first torn or cut as shown by the heavy lines in Figure 1. The first strip is then folded directly backward or downward, as far as to the point
Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future
Authors: Bianca M. Conti-Fine, Monica Milani, Henry J. Kaminski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune syndrome caused by the failure of neuromuscular transmission, which results from the binding of autoantibodies to proteins involved in signaling at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). These proteins include the nicotinic AChR or, less frequently, a muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) involved in AChR clustering. Much is known about the mechanisms that maintain self tolerance and modulate anti-AChR Ab synthesis, AChR clustering, and AChR function as well as those that cause neuromuscular transmission failure upon Ab binding. This insight has led to the development of improved diagnostic methods and to the design of specific immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatments.
Immunoblastic Lymphoma, Infectious Mononucleosis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: CHEUNG CHO YUE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1982Immunoblastic Lymphoma, Infectious Mononucleosis, and Rheumatoid ArthritisCHEUNG CHO YUE, M.D.CHEUNG CHO YUE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-3-453_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the case reported by Snydman and associates (1). I would like to suggest that their patient had rheumatoid arthritis, and that the presence of this disease was the cause of his apparent inability to control an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.Since the discovery that rheumatoid arthritis precipitin, an antibody found primarily in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, was an antibody directed against a nuclear antigen on B-lymphocytes infected by the EB virus, much work has been done to show a connection between rheumatoid arthritis and EBV infection (2). Recently, two separate groups of workers...References1. SNYDMANRUDDERSDAOUSTSULLIVANEVANS DRPJA. Infectious mononucleosis in an adult progressing to fatal immunoblastic lymphoma. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:737-42. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DEPPERZVAIFLER JN. Epstein-Barr virus: its relationship to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1981;24:755-61. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DEPPERBLUESTEINZVAIFLER JHN. Impaired regulation of Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphocyte proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis is due to a T cell defect. J Immunol. 1981;127:1899-902. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. TOSATASTEINBERGBLAESE GAR. Defective EBV-specific suppressor T-cell function in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:1238-43. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. CAPLANPAYNEWITHEY ARJ. A broader concept of Caplan's syndrome related to rheumatoid factors. Thorax. 1962;17:205-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Case Western Reserve University at Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital Cleveland, OH 44109 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1982Volume 97, Issue 3Page: 453-454KeywordsAntigensEpstein-Barr virusLymphomaRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 1 September 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 3852: Identification and functional characterization of T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (TIAM2) in neuronal cells
Authors: Jia-Shing Chen, H. Sunny Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract T-Cell Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis 2 (TIAM2) gene was identified as the homolog for human TIAM1 gene, a Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), and classified as a member of TIAM GEF subfamily. Although functions of TIAM family proteins have been extensively studied, the characteristics of human TIAM2 remain largely unknown. In this study we systematically investigate the cellular function of TIAM2. Two mRNA isoforms of TIAM2, TIAM2S and TIAM2L, were detected and showed distinct expression patterns in various human tissues. Although both mRNAs are highly expressed in many human tissues, no TIAM2L protein can be detected in any of the examined human tissues and cell lines. In addition, TIAM2S protein only expressed in neuron of restricted regions in the human brain. Overexpression of TIAM2S-GFP fusion protein revealed a cytosolic distribution in both HeLa and NIH3T3 cells. Using LC/MS/MS and enzymatic analysis, TIAM2S was shown to be an O-linked glycoprotein. As transiently transfected TIAM2S-fusion protein neither translocate onto the cell membrane, nor exhibit GEF activity to RhoGTPases in vivo, these data suggested human TIAM2S is not a classical GEF and its functional role in normal brain may differ from other TIAM members. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3852. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3852
High-Resolution Magnifying Video Endoscopy in Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia: a New Role for Endoscopy?
Authors: G. Cammarota, R. Cianci, G. Gasbarrini
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Figure 1 A 21-year-old woman, with a 14-month history of recurrent diarrhea, steatorrhea, hypoproteinemia and peripheral oedema, underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A Fuji EG-485ZH video endoscope was used, which is capable of providing high-resolution images (because of its 850 000-pixel chip) and up to 2 × magnification. In the second part of the duodenum the mucosal surface had an appearance resembling rice grains (a), and diffuse fluid, which was producing a smoke-like mist, was observed (b).
Tracheal stenosis due to bilateral arterial aneurysms.
Authors: N C Munro, D Soppitt, R A Brewis
Journal: Thorax (1994)

The case is presented of an 82 year old woman with breathlessness, stridor, and upper mediastinal widening on chest radiography. Computed tomographic scanning showed tracheal compression by aneurysms of the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries.
Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy and Malabsorption Associated with Factitious Diarrhea
Authors: WILLIAM D. HEIZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Two cases of factitious diarrhea, one due to excessive ingestion of phenolphthalein and the other to bisacodyl, are presented. In addition to a mild malabsorption syndrome and other metabolic abnormalities, each patient had an unusual manifestation of cathartic-induced diarrhea, namely hypoalbuminemia. Studies with 51Cr-albumin demonstrated excessive loss of plasma proteins into the gastrointestinal tract as a factor in the pathophysiology of the hypoalbuminemia. When the cathartic ingestion was stopped, the protein-losing gastroenteropathy and many of the other abnormalities were reversed. Within a week of stopping cathartic ingestion, each patient developed persistent edema that subsided after restriction of sodium intake. Before the diagnosis of factitious disease was established, the patients underwent repeated hospitalizations and exploratory laparotomy for unexplained diarrhea. This underscores the importance of including factitious disease in the differential diagnosis of diarrhea and of taking appropriate measures to establish its presence.
HEADACHE ASSOCIATED WITH PATHOLOGIC CHANGES IN CERVICAL PART OF SPINE
Authors: A. IZARD JOSEY
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Headache is a symptom suffered at some time by almost 100 per cent of mankind and is the presenting complaint of a high percentage of patients seeking help from a physician. As knowledge of the multitudinous factors involved in the production of headaches has become more extensive the physician has been enabled to furnish more relief for the symptoms. Fortunately most headaches are infrequent and transient and respond to rest or simple analgesics. The more frequent and protracted headaches offer a challenge to the diagnostic and therapeutic ability of the physician, but too frequently relief for the patient is not obtained. Doctors have little knowledge of the actual mechanism of the production of headache, and most thinking in the matter is based on relatively few experimental or pathologic observations and a multiplicity of deductions, some of which are contradictory.  Within the past fifteen or so years the greatest amount of
Concentration-dependent inhibition of development of GGT positive foci in rat liver by the environmental contaminant di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
Authors: A B DeAngelo, A E Queral, C T Garrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The ability of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer and environmental contaminant, to suppress development of putative preneoplastic lesions in rat liver was evaluated. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase-positive (GGT+) foci were initiated in the livers of Sprague-Dawley male rats with a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) following partial hepatectomy. Promotion of foci was commenced by feeding a choline-deficient diet (CD). A group of control rats was fed a choline-supplemented diet (CS). The ability of DEHP to suppress the emergence of GGT+ foci was evaluated by feeding additional groups of rats the CD diet containing either 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0% DEHP. The CD diet promoted the number of GGT+ foci above levels in control livers. Inclusion of the plasticizer to the levels of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% in the CD diet effectively inhibited the appearance of the foci. However, DEHP was unable to inhibit the promoting effect of the CD diet at a concentration of 0.1%. DEHP's ability to block development of GGT+ foci correlated with its ability to increase liver weight and to induce carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7), a marker of peroxisome proliferation.