tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Apoptotic Eosinophil
Authors: A M Dvorak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Figure 1. A peripheral-blood eosinophil undergoing apoptosis displays the characteristic condensation of nuclear chromatin into large, electron-dense masses surrounding the central, relatively electron-lucent nuclear matrix. Other changes that are not necessarily related to the apoptotic process include the swelling and breakage of plasma and perinuclear membranes and the release of the contents of granules from swollen, enlarged, electron-lucent granule containers within secretory cells. A single osmiophilic lipid body is present in the cytoplasm. (×18,500.)
Acute Psychosis With Amitriptyline and Furazolidone
Authors: Richard M. Aderhold
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  Serious adverse reactions, including death, have been reported following the combined use of a drug with monoamine-oxidase-inhibiting properties and a number of drugs or foods, including the tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine hydrochloride and amitriptyline hydrochloride.  Furazolidone is a synthetic antimicrobial nitrofuran used for specific and symptomatic treatment of bacterial or protozoal diarrhea and enteritis. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by furazolidone has been demonstrated. In the following case, a toxic psychosis resulted when furazolidone was taken by a person already taking amitriptyline.  Report of a Case.—  A 49-year-old woman with symptoms of depression was treated with amitriptyline hydrochloride, 75 mg daily, beginning April 22, 1970. Her depression improved rapidly and the amitriptyline was continued at the same dosage. She also continued to take estrogenic substances conjugated, 1.25 mg daily, which she had taken since a hysterectomy and oophorectomy in 1958.  On May 22 a physician prescribed furazolidone
Antiestrogen Therapy Is Active in Selected Ovarian Cancer Cases: The Use of Letrozole in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Patients
Authors: John F. Smyth, Charlie Gourley, Graeme Walker, Melanie J. MacKean, Alan Stevenson, Alistair R.W. Williams, Awatif Al Nafussi, Tzyvia Rye, Ron Rye, Moira Stewart, Janet McCurdy, Max Mano, Nick Reed, Tracey McMahon, Paul Vasey, Hani Gabra, Simon P. Langdon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole in preselected estrogen receptor (ER)–positive relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer patients and to identify markers that predict endocrine-sensitive disease. Experimental Design: This was a phase II study of letrozole 2.5 mg daily until clinical or marker evidence of disease progression in previously treated ER-positive ovarian cancer patients with a rising CA125 that had progressed according to Rustin's criteria. The primary end point was response according to CA125 and response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) criteria. Marker expression was measured by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry in sections from the primary tumor. Results: Of 42 patients evaluable for CA125 response, 7 (17%) had a response (decrease of &amp;gt;50%), and 11 (26%) patients had not progressed (doubling of CA125) following 6 months on treatment. The median time taken to achieve the CA125 nadir was 13 weeks (range 10-36). Of 33 patients evaluable for radiological response, 3 (9%) had a partial remission, and 14 (42%) had stable disease at 12 weeks. Eleven patients (26%) had a PFS of &amp;gt;6 months. Subgroup analysis according to ER revealed CA125 response rates of 0% (immunoscore, 150-199), 12% (200-249), and 33% (250-300); P = 0.028, χ2 for trend. Expression levels of HER2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5, trefoil factor 1, and vimentin were associated with CA125 changes on treatment. Conclusions: This is the first study of a hormonal agent in a preselected group of ER-positive ovarian cancer patients. A signature of predictive markers, including low HER2 expression, predicts response.
Tumor necrosis factorα down-regulates expression of theα1(I) collagen gene in rat hepatic stellate cells through a p20C/EBPβ- and C/EBPδ-dependent mechanism
Authors: María J. Iraburu, José A. Domínguez-Rosales, Luis Fontana, Anitra Auster, Elena R. García-Trevijano, Amador Covarrubias-Pinedo, Ana María Rivas-Estilla, Patricia Greenwel, Marcos Rojkind
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is one of the key cytokines of the acute phase response and of many inflammatory processes. This cytokine has several antifibrogenic actions and down-regulates the expression of the type I collagen genes and induces the expression of metalloproteinases. Because TNF-α directly antagonizes some fibrogenic actions of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1 ), we considered it important to map the cis -acting regulatory element of the α1(I) collagen ( col1a1 ) promoter involved in TNF-α responsiveness in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), to investigate the transcription factors that bind to it, and to establish possible mechanisms by which TNF-α down-regulates its expression. In this article, we show the presence of a functional TNF-α-responsive element (TaRE) in the −378 to −345 region of the col1a1 promoter. This element colocalizes with a previously reported TGF-β 1 -responsive element. We further demonstrate that TNF-α induces nuclear translocation and binding of transcriptional complexes containing p20C/EBPβ, p35C/EBPβ, and C/EBPδ to this sequence of the promoter. Transient overexpression of C/EBPδ or p20C/EBPβ, the natural dominant negative form of C/EBPβ in HSC, down-regulated activity of a CAT reporter vector driven by −412 to +110 of the col1a1 promoter. Taken together, these data suggest that the −378 to −340 region of the col1a1 promoter is the site of convergence of different stimuli that ultimately modulate col1a1 gene transcription.
Botulinum toxin treatment of spasmodic torticollis.
Authors: R. Stell, R. Coleman, P. Thompson, C. D. Marsden
Journal: BMJ (1988)

We reviewed the efficacy and adverse effects of repeated botulinum toxin injections into hyperactive neck muscles of 107 successive patients with spasmodic torticollis.They received 510 injection treatments over a median period of 15 months (range 3-42 months).One patient failed to benefit at all, but 101 (95%) patients reported considerable (moderate or excellent) benefit from at least one treatment.On a global subjective response rating, 93% of 429 treatments resulted in some improvement and 76% in moderate or excellent improvement.Pain reduction followed 89% of 190 treatments with moderate or excellent reduction after 66%.Median duration of benefit was 9 weeks.All torticollis types responded equally well and injections into two (or more) involved neck muscles were more effective than injection into a single muscle.The most frequent adverse effect was dysphagia, occurring after 44% of all treatments, but this was severe after only 2%.Antibodies to botulinum toxin were detected in the serum of three out of the five patients in whom loss of treatment efficacy occurred.We conclude that botulinum toxin treatment is the most effective available therapy for spasmodic torticollis and practical advice is provided for anyone wishing to set up the technique.
Early molecular response predicts outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase treated with frontline nilotinib or imatinib
Authors: Timothy P. Hughes, Giuseppe Saglio, Hagop M. Kantarjian, François Guilhot, Dietger Niederwieser, Gianantonio Rosti, Chiaki Nakaseko, Carmino Antonio De Souza, Matt E. Kalaycio, Stephan Meier, Xiaolin Fan, Hans D. Menssen, Richard A. Larson, Andreas Hochhaus
Journal: Blood (2013)
Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Dietary Behavior of Children After Six Years of School-Based Intervention
Authors: Maureen M Henderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Dietary Behavior of Children After Six Years of School-Based Intervention Get access Maureen M Henderson Maureen M Henderson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 13, 5 July 1989, Pages 972–973, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.13.972 Published: 05 July 1989 Article history Received: 05 June 1989 Accepted: 06 June 1989 Published: 05 July 1989
F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET in the Diagnosis of Malignant Transformation of Fibrous Dysplasia in the Pelvic Bones
Authors: Olivier Berrebi, Charles Steiner, A Keller, Anne-Laure Rougemont, Osman Ratib
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign dysplastic pathology of bone-forming mesenchymal cells, resulting in replacement of trabecular bone by abnormal fibrous and immature osseous tissue. FD can be either monostotic or polyostotic, is more often unilateral, and can be part of the McCune-Albright syndrome (MIM 174800). Sarcomatous degeneration in FD is rare, ranging from less than 1% in monostotic forms to 4% in the McCune-Albright syndrome. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with monostotic FD of the left ischium, known for over 30 years, who developed sarcomatous transformation in a low-grade spindle-cell sarcoma. The value of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of malignant transformation, the evaluation of distant metastasis, as well as monitoring the efficacy of chemotherapy are discussed.
Quality of Life in a Randomized Control Trial? Comments Concerning MA 17.
Authors: Pascale This, Anne de la Rochefordière, Anne Bredart, Bernard Asselain, Rollon Poinsot, Sylvie Dolbeault, Brigitte Sigal-Zafrani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

mutant allele could be a sign of increased oncogene dependence and extreme sensitivity to EGFR inhibitor therapy of NSCLC independently from the localization of the tumor metastases.
Abstract 2904: EGFR-targeted gold liposome for molecular imaging and therapy on NSCLC cells
Authors: Tomohisa Yokoyama, Yoichi Osato, Keisuke Miyazawa, Akime Miyasato, Hiroko Hayabe, Masaharu Nomura, Noriko Gotoh, Takao Itoi, Tetsuzo Tauchi, Norihiko Ikeda, Kazuma Ohyashiki
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Nanotechnologies are in development for monitoring drug delivery and therapeutic effect for cancer. However, tumor-targeted multifunctional nanoparticles for imaging of and therapy of lung cancer are not available. The Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in approximately 80% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is a target for novel therapeutics, however, the clinical results using EGFR inhibitors for NSCLC treatment had mixed results. These results indicate that EGFR expression or its mutational status is solely not a reliable marker to determine the outcome. Therefore, we have developed liposome (120nm) encapsulated with colloidal gold that are conjugated to therapeutic anti-EGFR antibodies (Katayama Chemical Industries Co. Ltd. Osaka, Japan) to determine the molecular specific imaging of NSCLC. The colloidal gold is used for optical imaging and the anti-EGFR antibody for therapy. In the present study, we investigated in vitro effect of these liposomes on EGFR-expressing (HCC827 and H1299) and EGFR-null (H520) NSCLC cells. EGFR-targeted liposome exhibited a strong antitumor effect on EGFR-expressing NSCLC cells. On the other hands, no significant growth inhibitory effects were observed on non-targeted liposome-treated cells. Intriguingly, treatment with EGFR-targeted liposome resulted in significantly higher cell death as compared with anti-EGFR antibody and liposome alone. Furthermore, reflected polarizing microscopy showed that the concentration of EGFR-targeted liposome bound to EGFR-expressing NSCLC cells increased, but EGFR-null cells did not. When EGFR was inhibited pharmacologically, the binding efficiency of EGFR-targeted liposome was attenuated on EGFR-expressing NSCLC cells. These findings indicate that EGFR-targeted liposome are selectively bound and delivered to EGFR expressing NSCLC cells but not the EGFR-null NSCLC cells. We are currently determining in vivo effect of EGFR-targeted liposome using subcutaneous HCC827 and H520 tumor models. Our findings demonstrated that EGFR-targeted liposome is a promising agent for therapy and molecular imaging of NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2904. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2904
Development of a nude mouse model to study human sebaceous gland physiology and pathophysiology.
Authors: M J Petersen, J J Zone, G G Krueger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Study of human sebaceous gland physiology and pathophysiology is limited by lack of an adequate animal model. This study was designed to develop an animal model using human face skin grafted onto the nude mouse to study human sebaceous glands. Full-thickness human face skin was grafted onto 60 adult male nude mice. 4 wk after grafting, androgens, which are known to stimulate sebaceous glands, were administered to test the system. Androgens were administered to 21 animals by implanted catheters that were filled with testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Empty catheters were implanted in 15 control animals. Graft biopsies and blood for androgen levels were obtained at time 1 (pre-catheter) and time 2 (26 d after catheter implantation). Three assessments were made on each biopsy: sebaceous gland volume, using an image analyzing computer; sebaceous cell size; and sebaceous gland labeling index. 29 mice completed the study through time 2. In the androgen-treated group, T levels (nanogram per milliliter) five times increased to 4.92 +/- 0.35, and DHT levels (nanogram per milliliter) increased 50 times to 16.70. In the androgen-treated group, sebaceous gland volume (micron 3 X 10(-3) increased from 896 +/- 194 to 3,233 +/- 754 (P less than 0.001), sebaceous cell area (micron 2) increased from 167 +/- 12 to 243 +/- 19 (P less than 0.001), and labeling index (percentage) increased from 2.7 +/- 0.7 to 6.4 +/- 0.9 (P less than 0.01). In the control group, sebaceous gland volume fell from 1,070 +/- 393 to 417 +/- 99 (NS), sebaceous cell size remained the same, and the labeling index fell from 5.1 +/- 1.9 to 3.2 +/- 1.1. After androgen administration, Halowax N-34, a known comedogen, or its vehicle, was applied to 15 grafts for 2-6 wk. Twice as many microcomedones were seen in the Halowax-treated grafts, compared with vehicle-treated grafts at the end of this time period. No visible comedones were produced. This study demonstrated that: (a) human sebaceous glands can be successfully transplanted and studied on the nude mouse; (b) after androgen stimulation, sebaceous gland volume, cell size, and labeling index increase; (c) microcomedones can be produced in the human skin grafts by the application of a comedogenic substance. Thus, this model demonstrates significant potential for the future study of human sebaceous gland physiology and pathology.
Drugs for Tuberculosis
Authors: GEORGE A. VRANEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1977Drugs for TuberculosisGEORGE A. VRANEY, M.D.GEORGE A. VRANEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-3-381_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Colonel Bird and associates in the June issue (Ann Intern Med 86:799-802, 1977) on the treatment of tuberculosis by a nonpulmonary physician made important points on this problem. Its recommendation on the deletion of the use of isoniazid (INH) in cases of resistant or suspected resistant tuberculosis remains, however, controversial.Although clearly INH should not be considered one of the "good drugs" used in the treatment of patients with INH-resistant tuberculosis, either suspected or documented by sensitivity studies, there are three reasons why INH should be used with the other appropriate medications. The first...References1. SCHMIDTGROVERHUFFMANREHMSULLIVAN LARJR: The emergence of INH-sensitive bacilli in monkeys inoculated with INH-resistant strains. 17th Conference on Chemotherapy Tuberculosis V.A.— Armed Forces 1968, p. 264 Google Scholar2. NOUFFAR-GUY-LOEBERTEANY HS: Late emergence of INH-susceptible organisms in INH-resistant strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis. ARRP 54:540, 1966 Google Scholar3. MITCHEL R. Chemotherapy lecture. National Jewish Semiannual Course on Tuberculosis, 1972 Google Scholar4. STEINERRAOVICTORIASTEINER PMMM: "Primary isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in children. ARRP 110:306, 1974 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pulmonary Medicine The Hertzler Clinic Halstead, KS 67056 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySynthesis, antimicrobial activity and molecular modeling studies of halogenated 4-[1H-imidazol-1-yl(phenyl)methyl]-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazoles 1 September 1977Volume 87, Issue 3Page: 381-382KeywordsDrugsIsoniazidPatients Issue Published: 1 September 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Chromosome breakage and ultrasound.
Authors: I J Macintosh
Journal: BMJ (1971)

action of agents capable of reacting with cellular DNA.Recently the isolation3 of a DNA polymerase-deficient (pol A7) strain has permitted the verification of this prediction.2 4 In the present study the sensitivity of such a mutant to gentian violet and related dyes was examined.TABLE.-Effect of agents on the growth of a DNA polymerase-deficient strain of E. coli Diameter of zone of inhibition (mm) Agent Parent Strain Mutant Strain Colistin (polymyxin F) 14 14 Kanamycin 24 25 Neomycin 22 22 Streptomycin 19 19 Ampicillin
Biodegradable polymer luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue for prostatic cancer: use of a new peptide delivery system.
Authors: G Williams, D Kerle, S Griffin, H Dunlop, S R Bloom
Journal: BMJ (1984)

both age and sex was significant (x2= 10 7, df= 1, p 0001).This excess in controls over diabetics of more than three to two was roughly constant at all ages and in both sexes.50 40 0 *r40 o 30U 0 20| Female controls o O 10 Female diabetics a E *\ 10 Male controls o 5 Male diabetics a 10-29 30-49 50-69 70-89 Age (years ) Prevalence of migraine in 500 diabetic patients (256 females) and 350 controls (178 females) by sex and age.
Markers of Multiple Hematopoietic-Cell Lineages in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Joshua Epstein, Huiqing Xiao, Xiao-Yan He
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Multiple myeloma is considered a cancer of mature plasma cells. Recent studies, however, suggest the possible involvement of early B cells and the expression of myelomonocytic antigens by myeloma cells. Using flow cytometry, we searched for evidence of the expression of genes specific for different hematopoietic lineages by tumor cells in bone marrow aspirates from 27 patients with aneuploid multiple myeloma. In addition to features characteristic of myeloma cells, we found evidence of the frequent expression by myeloma tumor cells of the pre–B-cell antigen CALLA (common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen) (in specimens from 58 percent of patients) and of megakaryocytic (88 percent), myelomonocytic (65 percent), and erythroid (39 percent) surface markers. The proportion of tumor cells expressing the different markers varied among patients, from 2 to 100 percent of recognizable tumor cells.
Severe Sepsis — A New Treatment with Both Anticoagulant and Antiinflammatory Properties
Authors: Michael A. Matthay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

In the last half of the 20th century, the use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections transformed the practice of medicine, resulting in sharp reductions in morbidity and mortality from acute and chronic infections. However, mortality has remained high when an acute bacterial infection induces sepsis with shock, metabolic acidosis, oliguria, or hypoxemia. In fact, in the United States alone, there are at least 500,000 episodes of sepsis annually, and the resultant mortality rate ranges from 30 to 50 percent, even with intensive medical care, including antibiotics, intravenous fluids, nutrition, mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure, and surgery when . . .
Has the sun protection factor had its day?
Authors: B. Diffey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The concept of the sun protection factor was originally proposed by the Austrian scientist Franz Greiter and subsequently adopted by many regulatory authorities and the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. It is popularly interpreted as how much longer skin covered with sunscreen takes to burn compared with unprotected skin.1 This interpretation can encourage users to prolong their sun exposure accordingly, yet there is ample evidence that the numerical measure of protection indicated on the product pack is generally higher than achieved in practice.2 This mismatch between expectation and realisation may be one contributing factor to why use of sunscreens has been reported to be a risk factor in melanoma.3 I suggest that the role of sunscreens as a preventive measure against sunburn, and presumably skin cancer, would be strengthened if a qualitative rather than quantitative measure of photoprotection was used.

#### Summary points

If sunscreens were applied appropriately, to prevent sunburn there would be no need for sun protection factors higher than 15

People who use high factor sunscreens get sunburnt because of inadequate application

Numerical indicators of sun protection on sunscreen packaging can cause more confusion than clarity

Qualitative measures of labelling sunscreens are proposed that focus more on protection than on encouraging prolonged exposure to sunlight

The sun protection factor is defined as the ratio of the least amount of ultraviolet energy required to produce a minimal erythema on skin protected by sunscreen to the amount of energy required to produce the same erythema on unprotected skin.4 Ten years ago most commercially available sunscreen products …
Regulation of Erythropoiesis
Authors: David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The renewal rate of adult human red cells in the peripheral circulation is approximately 0.8 per cent per day. If a person is either bled or exposed to a hypoxic environment, erythropoiesis increases as measured by the uptake of 59Fe in newly formed red cells or by the daily output of reticulocytes. The increase is roughly proportional to the degree of anemia or hypoxia. The mediator of this erythropoietic response to anemic or hypoxic hypoxia is erythropoietin,1 a glycoprotein elaborated by the kidney in the adult and by the liver in the fetus.2 The hormone is not yet purified (though . . .