tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Points from Letters: Phenothiazine(s)
Authors: D. M. Freeman
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BRTSw=Hcomings of others-presumably they hope their own virtues will show up better by contrast; but, really, 800 purple hearts a day are too much for any of us to swallow, literally or figuratively.No details have been given, so far as I know, of how many were in the family or how long the tablets were supposed to last, or whether the circum- stances justified the prescribing of purple hearts in any quantity.This statement has been so damaging to the profession in lay eyes and so surprising and shocking to the vast majority of doctors in general practice who never prescribe more than two Drinamyl a day-and these with some diffidence-that the Ministry should justify the statement of the official by supply- ing details to the profession by way of Prescribers' Notes or in the B.M.7.
Authors’ reply: Management of patients with Ebola virus disease in Europe: high-level isolation units should have a key role
Authors: M D de Jong, M Koopmans, H Goossens, Collective on behalf of the authors of the original article
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Preview this article: Authors’ reply: Management of patients with Ebola virus disease in Europe: high-level isolation units should have a key role, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/19/50/art20990-en-1.gif
Anemia and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Francesco Locatelli, Lucia Del Vecchio, Pietro Pozzoni
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Anemia has received increasing attention as an independent cardiovascular risk factor in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); a number of studies have highlighted its clear relationship with CKD mortality, because its impact on cardiac function leads to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. However, despite the association between higher hemoglobin levels and better outcomes, a number of clinical studies have failed to demonstrate that fully correcting anemia has a positive effect on morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. The Cardiovascular Reduction Early Anemia Treatment Epoetin beta (CREATE) study was designed from the hypothesis that, as anemia develops early in the course of CKD and nearly at the same time as cardiovascular disease, its earlier correction may provide better protection against the development of cardiovascular abnormalities. This randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel-group trial involved 603 patients who had moderate anemia (hemoglobin 11 to 12.5 g/dl) and stage 3 to 4 CKD (estimated GFR 15 to 35 ml/min) and were randomly assigned to attain complete or partial anemia correction. The final results are due to be published within a few months, but the preliminary analyses do not show that complete anemia correction leads to any cardiovascular advantage, although the cardiovascular event rate was half that expected, possibly as a result of patient selection, trial effect, and improved medical care. The baseline findings also indicated that the burden of cardiovascular disease already is very high even in relatively early stages of CKD.
Comparison of Adrenergic Activation by Anticholinesterases and by Hypoxia
Authors: Vladislav M. Varagić, Duŝan B. Beleslin
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The hypertensive response to eserine in the rat is accompanied by an increase in lung resistance to inflation. Usually, these two effects do not occur simultaneously. The effects of acute hypoxemia on the blood pressure of the rat were found to be variable, ranging from a biphasic effect to a pure hypertension or hypotension. Inhalation of 11 per cent oxygen in nitrogen produced only a fall of blood pressure. Bretylium was found to block the hypertensive response to eserine, while leaving intact the effect of eserine on the bronchi. On the other hand, bilateral vagotomy was found to block the effect of small doses of eserine on the bronchi and not to affect the blood pressure response to eserine. Neostigmine caused a small rise of blood pressure and a very significant bronchoconstriction. It is concluded that bronchoconstriction and subsequent hypoxia might contribute to the hypertensive response to eserine in the curarized rat, but this mechanism does not seem to be of primary importance for a hypertensive action of eserine.
Diagnosis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma by use of monoclonal antibodies reactive with tumor-associated antigens.
Authors: C L Berger, S Morrison, A Chu, J Patterson, A Estabrook, S Takezaki, J Sharon, D Warburton, O Irigoyen, R L Edelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Two murine monoclonal antibodies (BE1 and BE2), produced by using leukemic helper T cells from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as immunogens, reacted selectively with CTCL lymphocytes and some transformed cultured lymphocytes, as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). BE1 reacted significantly (P less than or equal to 0.001) with leukemic CTCL lymphocytes and with CTCL cells from infiltrated lymph nodes (RIA, mean +/- SD = 776 +/- 275 cpm), as compared with background counts (263 +/- 68). BE1 binding to normal blood mononuclear cells (RIA, mean +/- SD = 283 +/- 58 cpm) was indistinguishable from background. BE1 also reacted with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-cell lines (RIA, mean +/- SD = 794 +/- 230) and some long-term T-cell lines. BE1 did not react with the majority of lymphoid cell lines or tumor cell lines tested. BE1 also did not react with any normal tissues screened by IIF. BE1 precipitated a molecule from CTCL cells that, under reducing conditions, has two components with molecular mass of 27,200 and 25,800 D. BE2 also reacted significantly (P less than or equal to 0.001) with CTCL cells from two of four patients (RIA, mean +/- SD = 519 +/- 113 cpm). The binding of BE2 to normal mononuclear cells was indistinguishable from background (309 +/- 38 cpm). BE2 also reacted with an antigen present on EBV-B-cell lines (RIA, mean +/- SD = 654 +/- 194) and MOLT 3 and HUT 78 T-cell lines. BE2 reacted with an antigen expressed on a subpopulation of lymphocytes from five of eight patients with B-cell CLL studied by IIF (mean +/- SD = 18 +/- 6). Other long-term T-cell lines and tumor cell lines studied by IIF were unreactive with BE2. BE2 did not react with any of the normal tissues studied. BE2 precipitated a molecule (78,000 D) from CTCL cells and EBV-B cells with a single component under reducing conditions. Immunoperoxidase-labeled BE1 and BE2 reacted with CTCL cells in frozen sections of infiltrated lymph nodes and skin. In addition, BE1 and BE2 reacted with blood lymphocytes from 16 of 21 patients whose CTCL had otherwise been considered localized to skin. These two monoclonal antibodies react with tumor antigens associated with CTCL and appear to be useful in the diagnosis of this disorder.
Latent Coronary Heart Disease Detected by Electrocardiogram Before and After Exercise
Authors: A. Rumball, E. D. Acheson
Journal: BMJ (1963)

In 1954 we began a study to find out whether coronary heart disease could be detected by means of the electro- cardiogram (E.C.G.) before the onset of symptoms.Details of the technique and criteria used have already been published (Acheson, 1957a;Rumball and Acheson, 1960).From 682 R.A.F.volunteers, 660 men (aged 19 to 55 years) were selected who had no clinical or radio- logical evidence of heart disease and a diastolic blood- pressure below 100 mm.Hg.After a standard 12-lead E.C.G. the men ran down and up 66 steps each 10 in.(25 cm.) high under medical supervision.Tracings from leads I, II, III, V4, V5, and V. were then repeatedly recorded, beginning one minute, three minutes, and six minutes after completion of the exercise.The E.C.G.s were classified into " normal " and " anomalous " groups.This paper reports the results of a follow-up study com- pleted in 1961, four to seven years after the original survey.This was in two parts: (a) a postal follow-up of the whole series, and (b) re-examination of a sample of 176 men.Anomalies In E.C.G. at Resi In the 1954-7 survey the frequency of minor anomalies at rest was as follows:Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Complete right bundle-branch block Incomplete right bundle-branch block P-R interval of 0.2 second or more Left axis deviation .. Slurring of R in lead I .. Minor anomalies in RS-T and T No. % v 1 ..
Pivotal trial with plant cell–expressed recombinant glucocerebrosidase, taliglucerase alfa, a novel enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher disease
Authors: Ari Zimran, Einat Brill-Almon, Raul Chertkoff, Milan Petakov, Francisco Blanco-Favela, Eduardo Terreros Muñoz, Sergio E. Solorio-Meza, Dominick Amato, Gloria Duran, Fiorina Giona, Rene Heitner, Hanna Rosenbaum, Pilar Giraldo, Atul Mehta, Glen Park, Mici Phillips, Deborah Elstein, Gheona Altarescu, Mali Szleifer, Sharon Hashmueli, David Aviezer
Journal: Blood (2011)
Prevention of Meningococcal Disease
Authors: Pierce Gardner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A previously healthy 18-year-old college freshman presented at an emergency department with acute onset of fever and headache. He was listless, febrile, and hypotensive. Petechiae were noted over his thorax. Meningococcemia was suspected (and subsequently confirmed by blood cultures positive for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C). Despite prompt administration of antibiotics and other support, the patient's illness was fulminant and he died 12 hours after the onset of symptoms. Should he have previously received meningococcal vaccine, and what measures should be taken to protect his close contacts and his community?
Abstract C83: Nicotine triggers initiation and progression of K-Ras-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Patrick C. Hermann, Bruno Sainz, Patricia Sancho, Christopher Heeschen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Smoking has been identified as a leading risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Nicotine is an important active ingredient of tobacco smoke and replacement products, but does not bear carcinogenic properties. While nicotine has been shown to induce proliferation, invasion and metastasis of fully transformed pancreatic cancer cells, its role in pancreatic cancer development and/or progression has not been determined yet. First, our in vivo studies showed a marked acceleration of carcinogenesis in two distinct genetically engineered mouse models for pancreatic cancer. Moreover, nicotine promoted tumor progression as evidence by enhancing the cancer stem cell signature and invasiveness via epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition. This translated into increased numbers of circulating cancer cells and metastatic lesions. Using two independent model systems, i.e. pharmacological nAChR inhibition and knockout of the alpha7-nAChR, we demonstrate that nicotine activates the pancreatic progenitor compartment resulting in their subsequent expansion and enhanced susceptibility for K-Ras induced pancreatic carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that nicotine-medicated Ca2+ influx induced mitochondrial ROS production and activation of the non-canonical Wnt pathway. Intriguingly, co-treatment with metformin prevented the accelerated pancreatic carcinogenesis and progression independent of AMPK. In conclusion, our findings reveal for the first time that nicotine promotes activation of the pancreatic (cancer) stem cell compartment and subsequently drives K-Ras-initiated pancreatic cancer development and progression. Citation Format: Patrick C. Hermann, Bruno Sainz, Jr., Patricia Sancho, Christopher Heeschen. Nicotine triggers initiation and progression of K-Ras-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C83.
Attainment and Stability of Sustained Symptomatic Remission and Recovery Among Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder and Axis II Comparison Subjects: A 16-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study
Authors: Mary C. Zanarini, Frances R. Frankenburg, D. Bradford Reich, Garrett Fitzmaurice
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

The purposes of this study were to determine time to attainment of symptom remission and to recovery lasting 2, 4, 6, or 8 years among patients with borderline personality disorder and comparison subjects with other personality disorders and to determine the stability of these outcomes.A total of 290 inpatients with borderline personality disorder and 72 comparison subjects with other axis II disorders were assessed during their index admission using a series of semistructured interviews, which were administered again at eight successive 2-year follow-up sessions. For inclusion in the study, patients with borderline personality disorder had to meet criteria for both the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and DSM-III-R.Borderline patients were significantly slower to achieve remission or recovery (which involved good social and vocational functioning as well as symptomatic remission) than axis II comparison subjects. However, by the time of the 16-year follow-up assessment, both groups had achieved similarly high rates of remission (range for borderline patients: 78%-99%; range for axis II comparison subjects: 97%-99%) but not recovery (40%-60% compared with 75%-85%). In contrast, symptomatic recurrence and loss of recovery occurred more rapidly and at substantially higher rates among borderline patients than axis II comparison subjects (recurrence: 10%-36% compared with 4%-7%; loss of recovery: 20%-44% compared with 9%-28%).Our results suggest that sustained symptomatic remission is substantially more common than sustained recovery from borderline personality disorder and that sustained remissions and recoveries are substantially more difficult for individuals with borderline personality disorder to attain and maintain than for individuals with other forms of personality disorder.
Avulsion of the Arm and Scapula: Recovery
Authors: T. E. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1870)

given when asked for.She was sponged with tepid water at intervals; and although she occupied the supine position for so long a penod, there were no bed-sores at the last.Case of Lethargy and Abstinence.-EleanorAddison, aged iI, is the daughter of a carpenter residing at " The Hill", Millom.I visited the child, at the request of her uncle, first on.the soth March, I869, and saw her a few times in consultation with Dr. Robinson of this town.Her case had attracted much attention; and, being noticed in ,the local papers, the paragraph was copied into.many other journals until it acquired great notoriety as " the sleeping girl of Ulverston." The history of the case, as obtained from the mother, was obscure; all she seemed to know was, that the child had something like croup and a "low fever" during the spring and summer of i868, for which she was attended by Dr. Astles, at that time residing at Millom, at whose re- 7commendation she was rernoved to Ulverston for change of air on Octo- ber 28th, I868.At this time she was very weak, quite conscious, and able to speak.A fortnight after her arrival in Ulverston she ceased to take food entirely, in consequence of a state of insensibility following convulsions, in which state of " trance", as it was called, she had remained, fasting, for fourteen weeks.She then awoke, talked, and had some wine and cod-liver oil, but no food proper.This lasted one month; and when she " came round" she stated to her astonished re- latives that she had been in heaven, and had angels about her (her little brother among them), and she was so happy in their company that she desired to return to them.I made the following notes of her appear- ance and condition after my attendance upon her.
Interpretation of Imaginative Creations by Psychanalysis
Authors: Isador H. Coriat
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a recent issue ofThe Journal(Jan. 25, 1913, p. 307), appears a letter entitled "Excesses of the Freudian School," with particular reference to the application of psychanalysis to pathologic creations in literature. It appears that the letter was suggested by an editorial in the<i>Nation</i>which was devoted to a critical review of my recent book, "The Hysteria o Lady Macbeth." The general literary criticisms I left unanswered, but I feel compelled, from a medical point of view at least, to justify the views I expressed therein concerning the mental disease of Lady Macbeth, and to place the entire matter in the correct light before the medical profession. The attempt at a critical interpretation of the sexual questions involved in such wide branches of medicine as psychopathology and psychanalysis by the writer of this letter who admits (to quote his own words),
Evidence for Cocladogenesis Between Diverse Dictyopteran Lineages and Their Intracellular Endosymbionts
Authors: N. Lo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Bacteria of the genus Blattabacterium are intracellular symbionts that reside in specialized cells of cockroaches and the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. They appear to be obligate mutualists, and are transmitted vertically in the eggs. Such characteristics are expected to lead to equivalent phylogenies for host and symbiont, and we tested this hypothesis using recently accumulated data on relationships among termites and cockroaches and their Blattabacterium spp. Host and symbiont topologies were found to be highly similar, and various tests indicated that they were not statistically different. A close relationship between endosymbionts from termites and members of the wood-feeding cockroach genus Cryptocercus was found, supporting the hypothesis that the former evolved from subsocial, wood-dwelling cockroaches. The majority of the Blattabacterium spp. sequences appear to have undergone similar rates of evolution since their divergence from a common ancestor, and an estimate of this rate was determined based on early Cretaceous host fossils. The results support the idea that the stem group of modern cockroaches radiated sometime between the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous—not the Carboniferous, as has been suggested on the basis of roach-like fossils from this epoch.
Interferon, antibody, and other host factors in herpes zoster
Authors: David A. Stevens, Thomas C. Merigan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The influence of several factors on the course of herpes zoster was studied in 151 patients. Dissemination of zoster was associated with the presence of a concurrent disease, especially Hodgkin's disease, and/or the use of immunosuppressive therapy. Several host-immune parameters, including quantitative immunoglobulins, circulating lymphocyte counts, delayed hypersensitivity to multiple skin test antigens, and lymphocyte transformation to phytohemagglutinin did not correlate with dissemination of disease. Development of virus-specific complement-fixing antibody (CFA) was delayed in some patients with disseminated disease. Vesicle interferon (V-IF) titers were low early in the disease in patients with localized and disseminated zoster and then rose, usually abruptly, to a peak value and declined as pustulation and crusting occurred. However, titers in patients with localized disease rose at an earlier time. This could be seen in terms of time to development of intermediate values of V-IF or by the day on which the sharpest rise occurred. In 15 carefully studied patients with disseminated disease, the development of the maximum V-IF response was followed within 48 hr by cessation of dissemination. Half of the patients in this group had no CFA detectable until after dissemination had ceased. These findings suggest at least two host factors whose interaction might determine host response to zoster; local interferon production (possibly mediated by sensitized lymphocytes) and humoral antibody, acting to prevent or shorten dissemination of an initially local disease.
"Primary" Pulmonary Hypertension with Coexisting Portal Hypertension
Authors: RICHARD L. NAEYE
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Six cases are described in which there was a coexisting pulmonary arterial and portal venous hypertension. In 5 of the cases, the pulmonary vascular lesions responsible for the pulmonary hypertension resembled those seen in cases of recurrent embolization. Three of the cases had portal venous thromboses. One of these also had thrombosis of esophageal varices. These thrombi may have been the site of origin for pulmonary emboli. Other possible causes of the pulmonary vascular lesions are also discussed. In one case, there was a severe necrotizing arteritis in the pulmonary arterial tree.
Abstract 214: Anticancer effect of Compound A, a novel modulator of the glucocorticoid receptor, in acute leukemia cells
Authors: Ekaterina A. Lesovaya, Kirill I. Kirsanov, Irina V. Budunova, Marianna G. Yakubovskaya
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in chemotherapy of blood cancers, including childhood acute leukemia. The biological effects of GCs are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a well known transcription factor. Therapeutic effects of GCs are mainly mediated via GR transrepression that involves negative interaction between GR and other transcription factors. In contrast, many adverse metabolic effects of glucocorticoids are mediated by GR transactivation that requires GR binding to hormone-responsive elements in gene promoters. Thus, selective GR activators (SEGRA) that modify GR, shift GR functions towards transrepression resulting in improved therapeutic index, hold a great potential for the GR-targeted chemotherapies. Recently we and others characterized novel non-steroidal GR ligand, 2-(4-acetoxyphenyl)-2-chloro-N-methylethylammonium chloride or Compound A (CpdA), and showed that CpdA prevents GR dimerization and transactivation, but strongly enhances GR transrepression. We also revealed that CpdA possesses anti-cancer properties: it inhibited growth and viability of prostate cancer cells in GR-dependent fashion. Here we report that CpdA at concentrations 10−6-10−5M exerted cytostatic (evaluated by MTT test) and cytotoxic (evaluated by FACS analysis of DNA fragmentation as sub-G1 peak in propidium iodide-labeled cells) effects in K564, NB-4 and CEM leukemia cell lines. We found that these cell lines express wild type nonmutated GR. Consequently, these cell lines present a good model system for the further comparative analysis of CpdA and GCs effects. Leukemia cell lines were sensitive to apoptotic effect of both GR ligands: Dexamethasone (Dex) and CpdA. Dex induced apoptosis at the concentrations 10−7 to 10−5M; and CpdA affected cell viability at concentrations 5×10−6−10−5M. As a first step towards the evaluation of toxicological profile of this promising anti-cancer compound, we assessed its mutagenicity using Ames test. CpdA was not mutagenic either in frameshift or in base-substitution indicator strains, TA98 and TA100, respectively, at the wide range of concentrations (10−9-10−4M). Overall, our data suggest that novel non-mutagenic GR modulator has a high chemotherapeutic potential. The detailed mechanisms of its anti-cancer effects in leukemia cell lines is under investigation. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 214.