tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis b in Hong Kong
Authors: Henry L. Y. Chan, Nancy W. Y. Leung, Munira Hussain, May L. Wong, Anna S. F. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B (e−CHB) has been reported in Asia but its prevalence and clinical significance have not been determined. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of e−CHB in Hong Kong and the frequency of precore and core promoter mutations in these patients. A cross-sectional study was performed in 350 consecutive Chinese patients (230 men and 120 women; mean age ±SD, 42 ± 13 years) with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. A total of 243 (69%) patients were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative of whom 15% had clinical cirrhosis. In the remaining 85% of patients, 63% had normal and 22% had elevated transaminases. Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was detectable using branched DNA assay in 46% of HBeAg-negative patients with clinical cirrhosis/elevated transaminases. Forty-five percent of the patients with e−CHB had the precore stop codon mutation, and an additional 41% had core promoter changes. There was no correlation between the presence of precore/core promoter mutations and liver disease or HBV-DNA levels. Overall, 17% of HBeAg-negative patients were viremic and had evidence of chronic liver disease (e−CHB) with mean HBV-DNA levels comparable with that in HBeAg-positive patients. In summary, we found that e−CHB may be present in up to 17% of HBeAg-negative patients seen in a tertiary referral center in Hong Kong. e−CHB may be a heterogenous condition and is not invariably associated with the precore HBV mutant. Population studies are needed to determine the true prevalence of e−CHB in Asia and to assess its natural course and response to treatment.
Troponin I elevation following percutaneous coronary intervention does not predict future adverse outcomes
Authors: J.William Phillips, Habib Samady, Linda Snyder, Robert H. Christenson, Jennifer Gibson, David E. Bruns, Sharon Sayre, Lawrence W. Gimple, Michael Ragosta, Eric R. Powers, Ian J. Sarembock
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Practice and Medicine
Authors: Stanley B. Troup
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The structure of the practice of clinical medicine has changed profoundly in the past 20 years or more, and the changes are accelerating almost by the month. The use of the word "structure" is intended to denote and include the organization of the provision of care, the methods of payment for health care, and, more important, the relationships between patient and physician, patient and payer, and physician and payer. The changes, for the most part, have occurred because health costs have been increasing at a rate viewed as unacceptable to the public. Despite the increased expenditures, sizable portions of the public have limited access to health care. The structure of clinical research also has changed substantially in the same period, although for somewhat different reasons. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and new biotechnology firms have developed many new therapeutic products that require human testing before approval. At the same time, colleges of medicine,
8;21 translocation in myelodysplasia secondary to essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Elaine Knottenbelt, Janet Hallett, Peter Jacobs
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

A case is presented of a 73-year-old woman who received busulphan for essential thrombocythemia and subsequently developed a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), which transformed to acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia within 1 month. Cytogenetic studies showed a 46,XX,t(8;21) (q22;q22) karyotype in all metaphases examined at diagnosis. The karyotypic abnormality is previously unreported in secondary myelodysplasia and may have specific clinical implications in this setting, such as early transformation to acute leukaemia and short survival. This finding contrasts with the generally favourable prognosis of the 8;21 translocation in patients with de novo acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. A possible explanation for this difference may be the involvement of a committed progenitor in acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia, while in myelodysplasia the more primitive multipotent stem cell may be affected.
Thymoquinone Triggers Inactivation of the Stress Response Pathway Sensor<i>CHEK1</i>and Contributes to Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Doerthe Kuester, Christian Mawrin, Khuloud Bajbouj, Antje Diestel, Matthias Ocker, Caroline Habold, Charlotte Foltzer-Jourdainne, Peter Schoenfeld, Brigitte Peters, Mona Diab-Assaf, Ulf Pommrich, Wafica Itani, Hans Lippert, Albert Roessner, Regine Schneider-Stock
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract There are few reports describing the role of p53-dependent gene repression in apoptotic cell death. To identify such apoptosis-associated p53 target genes, we used the pro-oxidant plant-derived drug thymoquinone and compared p53+/+ and p53−/− colon cancer cells HCT116. The p53 wild-type (wt) status correlated with more pronounced DNA damage and higher apoptosis after thymoquinone treatment. A significant up-regulation of the survival gene CHEK1 was observed in p53−/− cells in response to thymoquinone due to the lack of transcriptional repression of p53. In p53−/− cells, transfection with p53-wt vector and CHEK1 small interfering RNA treatment decreased CHEK1 mRNA and protein levels and restored apoptosis to the levels of the p53+/+ cells. p53−/− cells transplanted to nude mice treated with thymoquinone up-regulated CHEK1 expression and did not undergo apoptosis unlike p53+/+ cells. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the apoptosis resistance in p53−/− cells after thymoquinone treatment might be conveyed by shuttling of CHEK1 into the nucleus. We confirmed the in vivo existence of this CHEK1/p53 link in human colorectal cancer, showing that tumors lacking p53 had higher levels of CHEK1, which was accompanied by poorer apoptosis. CHEK1 overexpression was correlated with advanced tumor stages (P = 0.03), proximal tumor localization (P = 0.02), and worse prognosis (1.9-fold risk, univariate Cox regression; Kaplan-Meier, P = 0.04). We suggest that the inhibition of the stress response sensor CHEK1 might contribute to the antineoplastic activity of specific DNA-damaging drugs. [Cancer Res 2008;68(14):5609–18]
Atypical Ulcerations of the Penis
Authors: Irène Gallais Sérézal, Brigitte Hillion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A 73-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of painful ulcers of the penis. He had a history of urinary incontinence after undergoing surgery for prostate cancer 6 years earlier; his cancer was being treated with diethylstilbestrol.
CONTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRY TO MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: W. N. Hubbard
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:—  The efforts to persuade industry of its share in the responsibility for the financial support of medical schools is well known to us all and is an endeavor of the greatest importance. This problem is so immediate and so vital that it tends to overshadow a second problem, of which I am writing you today.  The rapidly rising costs to the student in medical school have placed an extraordinarily heavy financial burden on each candidate, while at the same time the demands of the current-day curriculum make the time available for outside earnings insignificant for the most part. During this same time, as you well know, the income from scholarships and endowments has diminished. Were it not for the fact that the future of the medical school itself is at stake, this current dilemma of its students would assume much greater prominence.  Recently one of the pharmaceutical
Abstract 2545: Regulation of NF-YB by miR-485-3p affects TopoisomeraseIIα expression
Authors: Cheng-Fen Chen, William T. Beck, Xiaolong He
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract DNA topoisomerase IIα (TopoIIα) is an essential nuclear enzyme. Our teniposide-resistant human leukemic lymphoblastic cells (CEM/VM-1-5) express reduced TopoIIα protein. To determine the role of TopoIIα in drug resistance, previously we knocked down TopoIIα in parental CEM cells by RNAi. Compared to control cells, CEM-siTopoIIα cells are more resistant to etoposide. Our previous work suggested that the transcription factor NF-YB is a negative regulator of TopoIIα, working through the TopoIIα promoter (Morgan and Beck, Mol. Pharmacol 59:203,2001). We have found that NF-YB protein expression is increased in CEM/VM-1-5 cells compared to CEM cells. This suggests that increased NF-YB may be the cause of reduced TopoIIα in CEM/VM-1-5 cells. We asked what causes the up-regulation of NF-YB in CEM/VM-1-5 cells. MicroRNAs are a recently identified group of non-protein coding RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. In our previous study, we found by microRNA profiling that hsa-miR-485-3p, is lower in CEM/VM-1-5 cells compared to CEM cells. MicroRNA target prediction programs also reveal that the 3′ UTR of NF-YB harbors a putative miR-485-3p binding site. We hypothesized that hsa-miR-485-3p regulates drug resistance by decreasing NF-YB expression, which in turn negatively regulates TopoIIα expression. We overexpressed miR-485-3p in CEM/VM-1-5 cells and this led to reduced expression of NF-YB and a corresponding upregulation of TopoIIα. To validate the binding of miR-485-3p to NF-YB 3′-UTR, present experiments with HEK293Tcells using luciferase reporters carrying the 3′-UTR of the NF-YB gene are being done to clarify the role of miR-485-3p in this phenomenon. (Supported in part by CA40570 from NCI and in part by UIC) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2545.
Upright posture and maximal exercise increase platelet aggregability and prostacyclin production in healthy male subjects
Authors: D L Feng, J Murillo, P Jadhav, C McKenna, O C Gebara, I Lipinska, J E Muller, G H Tofler
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

BACKGROUND: It is well accepted that heavy physical exertion can trigger the onset of myocardial infarction, but the mechanism is uncertain. As platelet and endothelial function play an important role in thrombotic events, platelet and prostacyclin responses to maximal treadmill exercise were studied. METHODS/RESULTS: The study subjects were 40 healthy men, mean (SEM) age 29 (5) years. Platelet aggregation was measured on a four channel aggregometer. Plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha was analysed using an enzyme immunoassay technique. Upright posture and exercise produced an increase in platelet aggregability, as indicated by a fall in the threshold concentration of adrenaline (epinephrine) from 7.6 (1.5) microM at rest to 4.3 (1.0) microM after exercise (p = 0.002). The collagen lag time became significantly shorter with exercise (from 79.1 (3.1) seconds at rest to 71.9 (2.6) seconds after exercise, p = 0.003). Exercise was also associated with a 55% increase in plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (from 38.1 (75%CI 29.0 to 46.5) pg/ml at rest to 59.2 (47.3 to 66.8) pg/ml after exercise, p&lt;0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In healthy male subjects, upright posture and maximal exercise increased platelet aggregability but this increase was counteracted by an increase in prostacyclin production. In patients with endothelial dysfunction, a reduced prostacyclin response to exercise may promote a transient prothrombotic imbalance that may trigger cardiovascular disease onset.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by <i>Fusarium napiforme</i> in a home environment
Authors: S‐K. Lee, S‐S. Kim, D‐H. Nahm, H‐S. Park, Y‐J. Oh, K‐J. Park, S‐O. Kim, S‐J. Kim
Journal: Allergy (2000)

We report a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in a 17-year-old male student caused by Fusarium napiforme found in his home environment.The patient was diagnosed according to history, chest radiograph, spirometry, high-resolution chest CT, and transbronchial lung biopsy. To identify the causative agent, cultured aeromolds were collected by the open-plate method. From the main fungi cultured, fungal antigens were prepared, and immunoblot analysis with the patient's serum and each fungal antigen was performed.Five fungal species were isolated from the patient's home. Immunoblotting analysis with the patient's serum demonstrated more than 10 IgG-binding fractions to F. napiforme extract only, while little binding was noted with the other fungal antigens.We should be aware that HP may be caused by F. napiforme in the home environment.
Analysis of the role of AML1-ETO in leukemogenesis, using an inducible transgenic mouse model
Authors: Kristina L. Rhoades, Christopher J. Hetherington, Nari Harakawa, Donald A. Yergeau, Liming Zhou, Li-Qin Liu, Marie-Terese Little, Daniel G. Tenen, Dong-Er Zhang
Journal: Blood (2000)
Uptake of<sup>18</sup>fluorodeoxyglucose in the cystic fibrosis lung: a measure of lung inflammation?
Authors: N.R. Labiris, C. Nahmias, A.P. Freitag, M.L. Thompson, M.B. Dolovich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Positron emission tomography is a three-dimensional imaging technique that measures physiological effects, including metabolism. 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose has been extensively used as a tracer of cellular energy metabolism in the brain and in tumour detection. As neutrophils utilise glucose as an energy source during their respiratory burst, it was hypothesised that 18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, by these cells, could be interpreted as a measure of neutrophil activation in cystic fibrosis (CF). Ten adult CF patients were given a bolus intravenous injection of 18 fluorodeoxyglucose, followed by a 90-min dynamic mid-lung acquisition scan. Right-lung 18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was assessed using a Patlak plot and values were converted to glucose utilisation. Three clinically inactive pulmonary sarcoidosis patients served as controls. From the 10 CF patients with baseline sputum neutrophils of 14×10 6 cells·mL −1 who were investigated, seven were found to have sputum at a normal or slightly depressed glucose utilisation rate (mean 1.33 µmol·g −1 ·h −1 ) compared with a mean of 2.82 µmol·g −1 ·h −1 for the sarcoidosis patients. In eight patients, receiving inhaled tobramycin therapy, no change in lung glucose utilisation or sputum neutrophil counts were found. Despite high-sputum neutrophil levels, lung glucose utilisation was not elevated in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Gynecologic Operations, as Performed by Members of the Staff of the Woman's Hospital, St Luke's Hospital Center, New York
Authors: Arthur G. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<b>Shaw's Textbook of Operative Gynaecology</b>, revisers John Howkins and Christopher N. Hudson, ed 4; 547 pp, with illus, $75, New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1977. Harold Tovell has selected 23 of the more common gynecologic operations as performed by members of the attending staff of the Woman's Hospital in New York and presented them through a series of superb illustrations. These were executed by Leonard Dank, who is properly listed as coauthor of the book on the principle that a single picture is worth a thousand words. The clarity and intelligent pictorial emphasis of each of these halftones make the volume instantly attractive. With each series of drawings, one finds a concise explanatory text prominently numbered for easy reference, and the book shows the techniques the resident in gynecology might learn from the attending staff. The critiques that accompany each of the operations are a valuable bonus. These are presented by
Plasmin and Sodium Retention in Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Thomas R. Kleyman, Rebecca P. Hughey
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC) are found within the most distal aspects of the nephron, where they serve as a final arbitrator of the reabsorption of filtered Na+. This process has a critical role in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and BP. Edema-forming states, including cirrhosis, heart failure, and nephrotic syndrome, are associated with enhanced renal Na+ absorption. Aldosterone has a role in renal Na+ retention in these disorders; however, Na+ retention in nephrotic syndrome as a result of activation of Na+ absorptive processes in the distal nephron may occur by aldosterone-independent mechanisms.1,2

A number of factors that activate ENaC have been …
Antihypertensive Medication And Surgery-Reply
Authors: Mark G. Perlroth
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The main point made by Drs Geer and Greenhow is that, in contrast to our suggestion that medication be discontinued for some hypertensive patients, antihypertensive medication is safely maintained during anesthesia and surgery. In view of the increased use of continuous monitoring devices in operating rooms and the increased familiarity with cardiovascular pharmacology by anesthesiologists, such procedure is probably safer than we implied. All references the authors supply allude to the controversy that still exists in the medical literature regarding the hazards of continuing hypotensive therapy at a time when hypotension is induced by anesthetic agents also. Only one article cited (Prys-Roberts et al<sup>1</sup>) by Drs Geer and Greenhow contained<i>data</i>regarding the cardiovascular effects of anesthesia on hypertensive patients. In this study, three of 15 patients receiving antihypertensive drugs "... developed marked hypotension following induction of anesthesia," and the events recorded in one of these patients provide
New knowledge about nicotine effects
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Remember the cigarette advertisements of the 1940s: "Reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet" and "Have a Camel with your meal and after it—they satisfy"? Well, recent research suggests that those ads were accurate. It appears that cigarettes may reduce the desire for sweets and help some people to achieve greater satisfaction from their meals. And the responsible ingredient seems to be nicotine. In fact, a wealth of recent evidence indicates that nicotine in cigarettes is responsible for a host of physiological and psychological effects and that these alterations in metabolism and mood are a major reason why people smoke—and find it so hard to stop smoking. This research is buttressed by the therapeutic use of nicotine-containing gum to aid in smoking cessation. In one soon-to-be-published placebo-controlled trial, use of the gum doubled quit rates. "In the 1950s people talked about cigarette smoking as a psychosocial habit," notes Lynn
Interaction between plasma potassium and epinephrine in coronary thrombosis in dogs.
Authors: H Lin, D B Young
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Both plasma potassium ([K]) and epinephrine concentrations have been known to increase during exercise and decrease rapidly shortly after exercise; in addition, it is also known that exercise can promote coronary thrombosis in human and animal subjects. Many studies have shown that epinephrine has a stimulatory effect on coronary thrombosis; however, little information is available concerning the effect of raising plasma [K] on coronary thrombosis. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of raising plasma [K] and its interaction with epinephrine infusion on coronary thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS A canine model of coronary thrombosis was used, and the frequency of cyclic blood flow reductions (CFRs) resulting from thrombus formation in the circumflex artery was analyzed in the study. By acutely raising plasma [K] to approximately 6.0 mEq/L, the frequency of CFRs was reduced from 8.0 +/- 0.6 to 3.7 +/- 1.0 in 40 minutes (P &lt; .01). Epinephrine infusion (0.5 microgram.kg-1 x min-1) stimulated the frequency of CFRs from 7.1 +/- 0.5 to 11.5 +/- 0.7 in 40 minutes (P &lt; .01). However, if plasma [K] was raised to approximately 6.0 mEq/L while the epinephrine infusion was continued, the frequency fell from 11.5 +/- 0.7 to 7.7 +/- 1.1 in 40 minutes (P &lt; .01). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that acutely raising plasma [K] inhibited coronary thrombosis in dogs and also blocked the potentiating effect of epinephrine on coronary thrombosis. These findings may suggest that raising plasma [K] exerts a protective effect against coronary thrombosis and that a rapid decrease in plasma [K], such as that occurring shortly after exercise, facilitates coronary artery thrombosis when the artery has a preexisting pathological condition.
Actions of adenosine on nitro blue tetrazolium deposition and surface pH during intestinal reperfusion injury.
Authors: P M Kaminski, K G Proctor
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Mesenteric arteries supplying an intestinal segment were occluded for 5 minutes and then released. During reperfusion, two series of measurements were made with various substances topically applied to the extraluminal surface. In the first series, reduced nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) was extracted from tissue and measured spectrophotometrically, as an index of oxidative damage. In the second series, mucosal and serosal surface pH was measured as an index of the functional ability to maintain ion gradients. In control conditions, NBT deposition averaged 55-63 micrograms/g tissue. After 60 and 120 minutes of reperfusion, NBT was elevated to 446-479 micrograms/g, which was approximately half as large as the NBT increment (846 micrograms/g) produced by a 15-minute application of xanthine plus xanthine oxidase to well-perfused tissue. As expected, NBT levels were significantly lower (299 micrograms/g) in tissue that was continuously suffused with superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus catalase (CAT) before occlusion and during reperfusion. Similar NBT levels (274 micrograms/g) were observed after reperfusion in animals that were fed a diet supplemented with the antioxidant vitamin E for 4-6 weeks. These observations affirm that some, but not all, NBT deposition after reperfusion can be attributed to oxyradicals. However, with exogenous adenosine (ADO) applied for the first 30 minutes after occlusion, NBT was elevated to 174 micrograms/g after 60 minutes, which was only half as large as the increment with SOD plus CAT, even though those substances were continuously applied. The opposite effect was produced by an ADO receptor antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline; NBT was increased to 516 micrograms/g.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)