tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dual radionuclide study of myocardial infarction. Relationships between myocardial uptake of potassium-43, technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate, regional myocardial blood flow and creatine phosphokinase depletion.
Authors: B Zaret, V C DiCola, R K Donabedian, S Puri, S Wolfson, G S Freedman, L S Cohen
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The dual radionuclide myocardial distributions of imaging agents potassium-43 (43K) and technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) were studied in a 24-hour closed chest canine infarct preparation. In multiple myocardial biopsies in 20 dogs, tissue levels of both radionuclides were compared to either an index of tissue viability (myocardial creatine phosphokinase [CPK] depletion), or to estimates of regional myocardial blood flow as measured by the microsphere technique. Myocardial 43K uptake in the ischemic and infarcted zone correlated well with both CPK depletion (r = 0.73) and microsphere estimates of relative blood flow. The correlation with microspheres was excellent in the transmural sample (r = 0.93) as well as endocardial (r = 0.97) and epicardial (r = 0.86) portions. On the other hand, 99mTc-PYP myocardial uptake did not correlate with the extent of CPK depletion. Maximal uptake was frequently noted in border zones with only moderate CPK depletion, while lesser degrees of 99mTc-PYP uptake were noted in the central infarct zone where CPK activity was lowest. The relationship of 99mTc-PYP uptake to microsphere regional flow estimates demonstrated that 99mTc-PYP uptake was maximal at flows of 0.3 to 0.4 of normal. At lower flows, 99mTc-PYP uptake fell toward normal levels. A similar relationship was noted between the distributions of 99mTc-PYP and 43K. In relatively high flow border segments (larger than or equal to 0.80 of normal), abnormal 99mTc-PYP uptake of five to six times normal persisted. The transmural distribution of 99mTc-PYP demonstrated that in low flow regions 99mTc-PYP uptake was primarily epicardial, while in the higher flow ischemic periphery of the infarct endocardial uptake predominated. Thus, while there is a direct correlation between cationic 43K myocardial uptake and regional myocardial viability and blood flow, no such direct relationship exists for 99mTc-PYP. This is in part based on the necessity for delivery of the radioactive tracer to the infarct zone.
Modulation of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Toll-Like Receptor-2–Knockout Mice
Authors: Naoki Nozaki, Tetsuro Shishido, Yasuchika Takeishi, Isao Kubota
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are members of the interleukin-1 receptor family and are involved in the responsiveness to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Recent studies have demonstrated that TLRs are activated by endogenous signals, such as heat shock proteins and oxidative stress, which may contribute to congestive heart failure. Oxidative stress is one of the major factors in doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiac dysfunction. Thus, we hypothesized that TLRs contribute to the pathogenesis of Dox-induced cardiac dysfunction.Cardiac dysfunction was induced by a single injection of Dox (20 mg/kg IP) into wild-type (WT) mice and TLR-2-knockout (KO) mice. Five days after Dox injection, left ventricular dimension at end-diastole was smaller and fractional shortening was higher in KO mice compared with WT mice (P<0.01). Nuclear factor-kappaB activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines after Dox were suppressed in KO mice compared with WT mice (P<0.01). The numbers of TUNEL-positive nuclei and Dox-induced caspase-3 activation were less in KO mice than in WT mice (P<0.01). Survival rate was significantly higher in KO mice than in WT mice 10 days after Dox injection (46% vs 11%, P<0.05).These findings suggest that TLR-2 may play a role in the regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic mediators in the heart after Dox administration.
On the Cover
Authors: Pam R. Rajendran
Journal: JAMA (2001)

MEDICINE HAS BEEN CHANGED DRAMATICALLY BY THE INTERNET’S ABILITY to disseminate rapidly vast amounts of information and facilitate the instantaneous exchange of ideas. The Internet has become a source of medical information for approximately 98 million people in the United States. For physicians, the Internet has increased the efficiency of patient care and has enabled collaborative research among investigators who are scattered geographically. The Internet has transformed the patient-physician relationship by empowering patients with information. Because physicians are no longer the primary gatekeepers of medical information, shared decision making is now emerging as the hallmark of the patient-physician relationship. Although patients now possess much more medical information, the physician’s insight and input are essential to ensure that the patient can accurately comprehend the data gathered from the Internet. This added dynamic of the patient-physician relationship will fundamentally change the traditional office visit. There are, however, virtually no restrictions on who can distribute information or conduct business on the Internet. This lack of regulation has created vast amounts of contradictory and erroneous information, which can be dangerous for patients. In addition, many dubious directto-consumer businesses are proliferating on the Internet. These include theauctioningoforgansonline andpatient-ordereddiagnostic testsconducted in shopping malls with test results distributed via the Internet. Throughdirect-to-consumermarketing, the Internetcanpromoteharmful self-diagnosisandself-treatmentbypatients. It is thereforeparamount that physicians play an active role in monitoring these potential dangers. This month, MSJAMA examines the impact of the Internet on patients, physicians, medical law, and medical education. The Internet is changing communication both among patients and among physicians, as well as between these 2 groups. New legal and ethical issues are emerging because of this development. The Internet is also altering medical education, transforming some memorization-based components of the medical school curriculum into a dynamic and interactive learning experience. Looking forward, the Internet has great potential to improve the health care system. It can help standardize care for all patients by enabling rapid distribution of the latest medical information. The Internet can also reduce health care costs by allowing for more efficient management of patient data. As the Internet begins to reengineer the health care system, physicians must utilize the benefits it offers to enhance all aspects of patient care.
Augmentation of the natriuretic activity of exogenous and endogenous atriopeptin in rats by inhibition of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate degradation.
Authors: M R Wilkins, S L Settle, P Needleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To investigate the relationship between AP, cyclic GMP, and sodium excretion, we studied the effect of a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor (M + B22948) on the natriuretic response to (a) an infusion of AP (103-126) and (b) acute volume expansion in rats. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor markedly potentiated the effect of low-dose AP infusions on urinary sodium and cyclic GMP excretion without potentiating the fall in blood pressure. Acute volume expansion (1% body wt) led to small but significant (P less than 0.01) rises in plasma AP and urinary cyclic GMP levels. Pretreatment with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor enhanced the natriuretic and cyclic GMP response to volume loading, an effect that was attenuated by administration of a monoclonal antibody directed against AP. These data indicate that cyclic GMP mediates the natriuretic activity of AP and AP and cyclic GMP play active roles in the natriuresis of acute volume expansion. Moreover, pharmacological manipulation of cyclic GMP levels may prove a useful therapeutic strategy for facilitating the natriuretic but not the hypotensive effects of AP.
Randomized comparison of photodynamic therapy with topical 5-fluorouracil in Bowen's disease
Authors: A. Salim, J.A. Leman, J.H. McColl, R. Chapman, C.A. Morton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Bowen's disease (BD; intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma) is therapeutically challenging because lesions, which may be multiple, are frequently located at sites that heal poorly. There is a small risk of progression to invasive carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for certain non melanoma skin cancers, but comparison studies with other, better‐established therapies are limited. Objectives To compare the efficacy and tolerability of PDT and topical 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in BD. Methods Forty patients from two centres were randomized to either topical PDT or 5‐FU. The PDT group was treated with 20% 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) applied 4 h before illumination with 100 J cm−2 narrowband red light (630 ± 15 nm). 5‐FU was applied to lesions for 4 weeks. A repeat treatment cycle was performed after 6 weeks if required. Results Twenty‐nine of 33 (88%) lesions treated with PDT initially responded completely, compared with 22 of 33 (67%) after 5‐FU. After 12 months, two recurrences in the PDT group and six in the 5‐FU group reduced complete clinical clearance rates to 82% and 48%, respectively. PDT was significantly more effective (P = 0·006, odds ratio 4·78, 95% confidence interval 1·56–14·62). In the 5‐FU group, severe eczematous reactions developed around seven lesions, ulceration in three and erosions in two. No such reactions occurred following PDT. There was no difference in overall pain experienced during each therapy. Conclusions Topical ALA‐PDT is more effective than topical 5‐FU in the treatment of BD, with fewer adverse events. ALA‐PDT should be considered one of the first‐line therapeutic options for BD.
Identification of chronic hepatitis C patients without hepatic fibrosis by a simple predictive model
Authors: Xavier Forns, Sergi Ampurdanès, Josep M. Llovet, John Aponte, Llorenç Quintó, Eva Martínez-Bauer, Miquel Bruguera, Jose Maria Sánchez-Tapias, Juan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Liver biopsy is required for staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C, but it is an expensive procedure with occasional complications and poor patient acceptance. This cohort study was designed to assess the accuracy of a noninvasive method aimed to discriminate between patients with and without significant liver fibrosis (stages 2-4 versus 0-1). Clinically relevant variables were analyzed in a cohort of 476 consecutive untreated patients (estimation group, 351 patients; validation group, 125 patients) with chronic hepatitis C who underwent a liver biopsy. Multivariate analysis identified age, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), cholesterol, platelet count, and prothrombin time as independent predictors of fibrosis. We constructed a model and a score system combining age, GGT, cholesterol, and platelet count that proved useful to identify patients without significant hepatic fibrosis. The area under the ROC curve was 0.86 for the estimation group and 0.81 for the validation group. Using the best cutoff score (less than 4.2), presence of significant fibrosis (F2 to F4) could be excluded with high accuracy (negative predictive value of 96%) in 125 (36%) of 351 patients. Similarly, it could be excluded with the same certainty in 49 (39%) of the 125 patients of the validation group. Only 2 patients with liver fibrosis stage 2 were incorrectly classified. In conclusion, a combination of easily accessible variables accurately predicts the absence of significant fibrosis and might render liver biopsy unnecessary in more than one third of patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Study Power in the SORT OUT II Trial
Authors: Hideaki Kaneda
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of Metabolic Effects of Substitution of Complex Carbohydrates for Saturated Fat in Individuals with Obesity and NIDDM
Authors: Barbara V Howard, William GH Abbott, Boyd A Swinburn
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Dietary recommendations for diabetic patients now generally include the reduction of total and saturated fat and an increase in complex carbohydrates. We conducted two series of studies on individuals with obesity and/or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to assess the effects of this dietary recommendation on both lipoproteins and their metabolism as well as on insulin secretion and action and energy expenditure. Both series compared a diet high in saturated fat with a diet high in complex carbohydrates and fiber. Calories and proportion of protein were constant. In the first set of studies, we sought to examine the effect of replacement of saturated fat with complex carbohydrate in a regimen with conventional foods that would closely approximate foods expected to be used and recommended to diabetic patients. In the second regimen, we examined a more extreme difference between carbohydrate content and fat content using a dietary change that would approximate the contrasts between traditional diets of Native Americans or other cultures and a modern westernized diet. The effects on lipoproteins included consistent decreases in total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (av 10%), minimum to no change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insignificant changes in total or very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides or 24-h triglyceride profiles. Changes in total and LDL cholesterol required 3-4 wk to reach equilibrium. Metabolic studies used to elucidate the reasons for the decrease in LDL cholesterol confirmed no stimulation of VLDL triglyceride or apolipoprotein B (apoB) production on the high-carbohydrate diet. The decrease in LDL appeared to be due to decreases in mechanisms that convert VLDL to LDL and increased activity of LDL apoB clearance. There were no changes in fasting and 2- or 24-h glucose profiles or in fasting and 2-h insulin concentrations in individuals consuming a diet of 30% fat and 55% carbohydrate. However, in the study with traditional foods, where dietary carbohydrate was 70% and fat only 15%, there was an improvement in glucose tolerance. It was accompanied by an improvement in glucose-mediated glucose disposal and insulin secretion. Finally, with a whole-body calorimeter, we found no difference between the high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets in terms of 24-h energy expenditure. In individuals having a wide range of obesity and glucose tolerance, substitution of complex carbohydrates for saturated fat has beneficial effects of lowering LDL cholesterol and possibly improving glucose tolerance and insulin secretion but without having any adverse effects on lipoprotein metabolism or energy expenditure.
Regression of Coronary-Artery Aneurysms in Infantile Polyarteritis Nodosa
Authors: Sidney Glanz, Stephen J. Bittner, Michael A. Berman, Thomas F. Dolan, Norman S. Talner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare disease of infancy that frequently affects the coronary arteries. In the infant with this syndrome described below, the diagnosis was confirmed by root flush coronary arteriography. Multiple coronary-artery aneurysms demonstrated initially had regressed one year after therapy with corticosteroids and azathioprine.Case ReportA 13-month-old boy had a one-month history of intermittent high fevers, cough, conjunctivitis, and a diffuse, erythematous maculopapular rash that subsequently desquamated. The hematocrit was 33 per cent; the white-cell count was 25,000, with 70 per cent neutrophils. The urine gave a ++ test for protein, and the sediment contained many red . . .
DABIGATRAN VERSUS STANDARD ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY FOR NEW ONSET NONVALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: IMPACT ON HOSPITAL LENGTH OF STAY
Authors: David A. Vorchheimer, Jennifer Lee, Simone Muller, M Urooj Zafar, Robert Copeland-Halperin, Gina Caliendo, Joanne Meyer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Evaluation of 2 Intravenous Thrombolytic Agents (Anisoylated Plasminogen Streptokinase Activator Complex versus Streptokinase) in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: R. Seabra-Gomes, J. Aniceto Silva, A. Aleixo, T. Real, I. Freire, I. Torres, R. Freitas, F. Crespo
Journal: Drugs (1987)
TCT-27 The Impact of Second Generation Drug-eluting Stent on Mid-term Clinical Outcome in Patients with Unprotected Left Main, Milan and New-Tokyo Registry
Authors: Kensuke Takagi, Chiara Bernelli, Mauro Carlino, Alaide Chieffo, Antonio Colombo, Yusuke Fujino, Keiko Fukino, Cosmo Godino, Koji Hozawa, Alfonso Ielasi, Hisaaki Ishiguro, Hiroyoshi Kawamoto, Naoyuki Kurita, Azeem Latib, Takahiro Matsumoto, Satoru Mitomo, Matteo Montorfano, Toru Naganuma, Shotaro Nakamura, Sunao Nakamura, Satoko Tahara, Takayuki Warisawa, Yusuke Watanabe, Hiroto Yabushita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cloning, in vitro expression, and tissue distribution of a human prostaglandin transporter cDNA(hPGT).
Authors: R Lu, N Kanai, Y Bao, V L Schuster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We recently identified a cDNA in the rat that encodes a broadly expressed PG transporter (PGT). Because PGs play diverse and important roles in human health and disease, we cloned human PGT (hPGT) from an adult human kidney cDNA library. A consensus sequence (4.0 kb) derived from several clones, plus 3' polymerase chain reaction amplification, exhibited 74% nucleic acid identity and 82% amino acid identity compared to rat PGT. When transiently expressed in HeLa cells, a full-length clone catalyzed the transport of PGE1, PGE2, PGD2, PGF2alpha, and, to a lesser degree, TXB2. Northern blotting revealed mRNA transcripts of many different sizes in adult human heart, placenta, brain, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, kidney, spleen, prostate, ovary, small intestine, and colon. hPGT mRNAs are also strongly expressed in human fetal brain, lung, liver, and kidney. The broad tissue distribution and substrate profile of hPGT suggest a role in the transport and/or metabolic clearance of PGs in diverse human tissues.
Lung Cancer in Railroad Workers Exposed to Diesel Exhaust
Authors: Eric Garshick, Francine Laden, Jaime E. Hart, Bernard Rosner, Thomas J. Smith, Douglas W. Dockery, Frank E. Speizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Diesel exhaust has been suspected to be a lung carcinogen. The assessment of this lung cancer risk has been limited by lack of studies of exposed workers followed for many years. In this study, we assessed lung cancer mortality in 54,973 U.S. railroad workers between 1959 and 1996 (38 years). By 1959, the U.S. railroad industry had largely converted from coal-fired to diesel-powered locomotives. We obtained work histories from the U.S. Railroad Retirement Board, and ascertained mortality using Railroad Retirement Board, Social Security, and Health Care Financing Administration records. Cause of death was obtained from the National Death Index and death certificates. There were 43,593 total deaths including 4,351 lung cancer deaths. Adjusting for a healthy worker survivor effect and age, railroad workers in jobs associated with operating trains had a relative risk of lung cancer mortality of 1.40 (95% confidence interval, 1.30-1.51). Lung cancer mortality did not increase with increasing years of work in these jobs. Lung cancer mortality was elevated in jobs associated with work on trains powered by diesel locomotives. Although a contribution from exposure to coal combustion products before 1959 cannot be excluded, these results suggest that exposure to diesel exhaust contributed to lung cancer mortality in this cohort. Key words: diesel exhaust, lung cancer, occupational exposure.
Men whose semen samples thawed can sue trust, say judges
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Six cancer patients whose frozen semen thawed because of failings by a hospital trust have been given the go ahead by the Court of Appeal to claim compensation, in a judgment that breaks new legal ground.

The six had their semen frozen in case their fertility was damaged by chemotherapy and stored at Southmead Hospital in Bristol. The samples thawed in June 2003 when the amount of liquid nitrogen in the storage tanks fell below the required level.

Three appeal court judges headed by the lord chief justice overturned a ruling by a county court judge that negligence claims brought by the six against North Bristol NHS Trust for mental distress and …
The Foster Community: A Partnership in Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Authors: ALI KESKINER, MARILYN J. ZALCMAN, EMILY H. RUPPERT, GEORGE A. ULETT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

While halfway house and foster care programs have returned many chronic mental patients from the state hospital to the community, a number of problems including the patients' lack of acceptance by community residents and the perpetuation of chronicity have remained. Missouri's Foster Community Project has attacked such problems by instituting foster care programs in two rural towns that involve collaboration between state hospital staff and community residents. Initial results, including rehabilitative aspects, appear promising.
Calcium homeostasis influences epidermal sweating in patients with vitiligo
Authors: S.M.A. ELWARY, K. HEADLEY, K.U. SCHALLREUTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Patients with vitiligo have a decreased sweating response in both their lesional and non-lesional skin (n = 17) compared with healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 22) after stimulation with the acetylcholine agonist pilocarpine. The decreased cholinergic response of the dermal sweat glands in this patient group correlates with a significantly lower calcium concentration in sweat compared with controls. In addition, a significantly higher potassium concentration was found in the pigmented skin of these patients. The other fast exchange ions sodium and chloride are unaffected. In vitiligo, there was a marginal sweat induction after adrenergic stimulation in four of 10 patients tested whereas all controls (n = 10) did not show any response.