tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: James L. Males
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of "Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis" (235:751, 1976) by Hirsch and Hirsch is quite pertinent. I observed a similar case while stationed at the United States Army Hospital in Frankfurt, Germany. Shortly following the discontinuance of a six-week course of human chorionic gonadotropin therapy, 1,000 units three times weekly, a slipped capital epiphysis developed in a 17-year-old youth with idiopathic hypopituitarism involving gonadotropin secretion only. I agree that epiphyseal damage may very likely be related to chorionic gonadotropin administration and resultant testosterone secretion by the testes. I discuss this complication with patients and their families prior to the institution of chorionic gonadotropin therapy.
The General Surgery Chief Resident Operative Experience
Authors: Frederick Thurston Drake, Karen D. Horvath, Adam B. Goldin, Kenneth W. Gow
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

The chief resident (CR) year is a pivotal experience in surgical training. Changes in case volume and diversity may impact the educational quality of this important year.To evaluate changes in operative experience for general surgery CRs.Review of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs from 1989-1990 through 2011-2012 divided into 5 periods. Graduates in period 3 were the last to train with unrestricted work hours; those in period 4 were part of a transition period and trained under both systems; and those in period 5 trained fully under the 80-hour work week. Diversity of cases was assessed based on Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education defined categories.Total cases and defined categories were evaluated for changes over time.The average total CR case numbers have fallen (271 in period 1 vs 242 in period 5, P < .001). Total CR cases dropped to their lowest following implementation of the 80-hour work week (236 cases), but rebounded in period 5. The percentage of residents' 5-year operative experience performed as CRs has decreased (30% in period 1 vs 25.6% in period 5, P < .001). Regarding case mix: thoracic, trauma, and vascular cases declined steadily, while alimentary and intra-abdominal operations increased. Recent graduates averaged 80 alimentary and 78 intra-abdominal procedures during their CR years. Compared with period 1, in which these 2 categories represented 47.1% of CR experience, in period 5, they represented 65.2% (P < .001). Endocrine experience has been relatively unchanged.Total CR cases declined especially acutely following implementation of the 80-hour work week but have since rebounded. Chief resident cases contribute less to overall experience, although this proportion stabilized before the 80-hour work week. Case mix has narrowed, with significant increases in alimentary and intra-abdominal cases. Broad-based general surgery training may be jeopardized by reduced case diversity. Chief resident cases are crucial in surgical training and educators should consider these findings as surgical training evolves.
Siglec-7/-9 ligands shield tumor cells from NK cell attack
Authors: Camilla Jandus, Kayluz Frias Boligan, Obinna Chijioke, He Liu, Meike Dahlhaus, Thomas Démoulins, Christoph Schneider, Marc Wehrli, Robert E Hunger, Gabriela M Baerlocher, Hans-Uwe Simon, Pedro Romero, Christian Münz, Stephan von Gunten
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Altered surface glycosylation on malignant cells may affect tumor immunity by direct interaction with glycan-binding proteins (lectins) on immune cells. Siglec-7 and -9 are MHC class I-independent inhibitory receptors on human NK cells that recognize sialic acid-containing
Book: Combating Teen Smoking: Research and Policy Strategies
Authors: A. Charlton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Peter D Jacobson, Paula M Lantz, Kenneth E Warner, Jeffrey Wasserman, Harold A Pollack, Alexis K Ahlstrom University of Michigan Press, £14, pp 299 ISBN 0 472 06771 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Long gone are the days when it was naively believed that a school lesson about the health risks of tobacco would prevent children from becoming smokers. A comprehensive approach is now needed. This book shows how to implement a strategy, as well as reviewing research evidence on the effectiveness, or otherwise, of various approaches. While this is not the first book on the subject, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From Multiplex Families
Authors: James J. McGough, Susan L. Smalley, James T. McCracken, May Yang, Melissa Del’Homme, Deborah E. Lynn, Sandra Loo
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity were assessed in adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) identified through a genetic study of families containing multiple children with ADHD. METHOD: Lifetime ADHD and comorbid psychopathology were assessed in 435 parents of children with ADHD. Rates and mean ages at onset of comorbid psychopathology were compared in parents with lifetime ADHD, parents with persistent ADHD, and those without ADHD. Age-adjusted rates of comorbidity were compared with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Logistic regression was used to assess additional risk factors for conditions more frequent in ADHD subjects. RESULTS: The parents with ADHD were significantly more likely to be unskilled workers and less likely to have a college degree. ADHD subjects had more lifetime psychopathology; 87% had at least one and 56% had at least two other psychiatric disorders, compared with 64% and 27%, respectively, in non-ADHD subjects. ADHD was associated with greater disruptive behavior, substance use, and mood and anxiety disorders and with earlier onset of major depression, dysthymia, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Group differences based on Kaplan-Meier age-corrected risks were consistent with those for raw frequency distributions. Male sex added risk for disruptive behavior disorders. Female sex and oppositional defiant disorder contributed to risk for depression and anxiety. ADHD was not a significant risk factor for substance use disorders when male sex, disruptive behavior disorders, and socioeconomic status were controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Adult ADHD is associated with significant lifetime psychiatric comorbidity that is not explained by clinical referral bias.
A Reconsideration of Acute Beryllium Disease
Authors: Kristin J. Cummings, Aleksandr B. Stefaniak, M. Abbas Virji, Kathleen Kreiss
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Although chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is clearly an immune-mediated granulomatous reaction to beryllium, acute beryllium disease (ABD) is commonly considered an irritative chemical phenomenon related to high exposures. Given reported new cases of ABD and projected increased demand for beryllium, we aimed to reevaluate the patho physiologic associations between ABD and CBD using two cases identified from a survey of beryllium production facility workers.Within weeks after exposure to beryllium fluoride began, two workers had systemic illness characterized by dermal and respiratory symptoms and precipitous declines in pulmonary function. Symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities improved with cessation of exposure and, in one worker, recurred with repeat exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analyses and blood beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests revealed lymphocytic alveolitis and cellular immune recognition of beryllium. None of the measured air samples exceeded 100 microg/m(3), and most were < 10 microg/m(3), lower than usually described. In both cases, lung biopsy about 18 months after acute illness revealed noncaseating granulomas. Years after first exposure, the workers left employment because of CBD.Contrary to common understanding, these cases suggest that ABD and CBD represent a continuum of disease, and both involve hypersensitivity reactions to beryllium. Differences in disease presentation and progression are likely influenced by the solubility of the beryllium compound involved.ABD may occur after exposures lower than the high concentrations commonly described. Prudence dictates limitation of further beryllium exposure in both ABD and CBD.
The Training of Physiatrists
Authors: Sedgwick Mead
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ALTHOUGH our specialty may take pride in L significant achievements in the past 16 years, only the boldest optimist would assert that all is well in the house of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Recruitment to the field is clearly lagging. Medical school deans and hospital boards of trustees are evidently listening preferentially to the hostile or disparaging comments of some of our brother specialists—for they are dragging their academic feet in establishing curriculum time and in providing physical facilities where our type of practice and teaching can flourish in a climate of mutual recognition and respect. Undoubtedly we must bear much of the onus for this situation, for we are confused and divided among ourselves as to what our identity and mission should be. The American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (then called the American Board of Physical Medicine) was established in 1947. Since the Board was established, 482
SR calcium handling and calcium after-transients in a rabbit model of heart failure
Authors: A BAARTSCHEER, C SCHUMACHER, C BELTERMAN, R CORONEL, J FIOLET
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: After-depolarization associated arrhythmias are frequently observed in heart failure and associated with spontaneous calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), calcium after-transients. We hypothesize that disturbed SR calcium handling underlies calcium after-transients in heart failure (HF). Methods: We measured the stimulation rate dependence (0.2–3 Hz) of diastolic calcium, calcium transient amplitude and SR calcium content in left ventricular myocytes isolated from hearts of rabbits with pressure and volume overload-induced HF and age-matched control animals. Cytosolic calcium was measured with indo-1. In some experiments, delayed after-depolarizations (DADs) were monitored with the voltage sensitive dye di-4-Annepps. SR calcium content was estimated from the response to rapid cooling (RC). After-transients were elicited in the presence of norepinephrine (100 nmol/l) after cessation of burst pacing. Results: With increasing stimulation rate (0.2–3.0 Hz): (1) steady state diastolic [Ca]i increased from 102 to 174 nmol/l in HF and from 44 to 103 nmol/l in control, (2) calcium transient amplitudes decreased from 310 to 254 nmol/l in HF and increased from 186 to 429 nmol/l in control, (3) SR calcium content decreased from 1.25 to 1.09 mmol/l in HF and increased from 1.51 to 2.48 mmol/l in control, (4) in HF and control, the end diastolic SR membrane calcium gradient decreased by about 30%; at any stimulation rate, the magnitude of gradient in HF was one-third of control, (5) systolic depletion of SR was 85% in HF and 60% in control. In HF, noradrenaline (100 nmol/l) increased SR calcium content and SR membrane gradient by 40% versus about 7% in control. Calcium after-transients were observed in 14 out of 18 HF rabbits, and none in eight control animals and were associated with DADs. Calcium after-transients were associated with a 35% decrease in SR calcium content. The frequency of occurrence of calcium after-transients was related to diastolic calcium. Conclusions: in HF, diastolic calcium is increased and both SR calcium content and SR membrane calcium gradient are decreased in a stimulation rate-dependent manner. In HF, β-adrenergic stimulation can partly restore the SR calcium content and SR membrane gradient at higher stimulation rates in a meta-stable condition; upon transition to low stimulation rates, the SR membrane can no longer maintain this high unbalanced SR calcium load at increased diastolic calcium, the magnitude of which is causally related to the occurrence of calcium after-transients.
Cimetidine in Burned Patients-Reply
Authors: J. A. JEEVENDRA Martyn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Myerson, while noting our observation that cimetidine clearance is increased in burned patients in the period seven to 25 days after the burn, has completely missed another important point in our article, that gastric pH was maintained above 4.0 or greater so long as the plasma concentration of cimetidine was maintained at 0.5 mg/mL or greater. That is, the target organ sensitivity was not changed. Therefore, the important conclusion from the study that higher or more frequent doses of cimetidine may more effectively control gastric pH in the hypermetabolic phase stands. Dr Myerson is incorrect in stating that the most critical time for stress-related mucosal damage and gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage is the first few hours or days after burns. We cannot find any evidence in his referenced article to confirm this.<sup>1</sup>In the study by Czaja et al,<sup>1</sup>although erosions were present early, acute ulcers
An Endogenous TNF-α Antagonist Induced by Splice-switching Oligonucleotides Reduces Inflammation in Hepatitis and Arthritis Mouse Models
Authors: Maria A Graziewicz, Teresa K Tarrant, Brian Buckley, Jennifer Roberts, LeShara Fulton, Henrik Hansen, Henrik Ørum, Ryszard Kole, Peter Sazani
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a key mediator of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and anti-TNF-α drugs such as etanercept are effective treatments. Splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) are a new class of drugs designed to induce therapeutically favorable splice variants of targeted genes. In this work, we used locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based SSOs to modulate splicing of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) pre-mRNA. The SSO induced skipping of TNFR2 exon 7, which codes the transmembrane domain (TM), switching endogenous expression from the membrane-bound, functional form to a soluble, secreted form (Δ7TNFR2). This decoy receptor protein accumulated in the circulation of treated mice, antagonized TNF-α, and altered disease in two mouse models: TNF-α-induced hepatitis and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). This is the first report of upregulation of the endogenous, circulating TNF-α antagonist by oligonucleotide-induced splicing modulation.
Oral lichen planus in childhood
Authors: C. Scully, O.P. Almeida, R. Welbury
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Oral lichen planus in childhood Get access C. Scully, C. Scully Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for the Study of Oral Disease, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, Lower Maudlin Street. Bristol BS1 2LY. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O.P. De Almeida, O.P. De Almeida Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Campinas, Avenue Limeira, Piracicaba – SP. Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Welbury R. Welbury Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Newcastle Dental School and Hospital. Richardson Road Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 1, 1 January 1994, Pages 131–132, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06905.x Published: 01 January 1994
Evidence shows higher long term risks from gestational diabetes
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Women with gestational diabetes are at more risk of developing type 2 diabetes, with almost 20% of women developing the condition within nine years of pregnancy, a large, population based study of 659 000 women has found ( CMAJ 2008;179:229-34).

The study, by researchers from the University of Toronto and Mount Sinai Hospital and the Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, in Toronto, looked at 21 823 women diagnosed as having gestational diabetes and examined follow-up records for up to nine years. They found that the rate of diabetes increased rapidly in the first nine months after delivery, peaking at nine years. …
P18.06 * ZONISAMIDE AS ADD-ON ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMOR-RELATED EPILEPSY: PRELIMINARY DATA OF A PILOT STUDY
Authors: M. Maschio, S. Dispenza, L. Dinapoli, D. Giannarelli, A. Fabi, A. Pompili, C. M. Carapella, A. Vidiri, A. Pace, T. Cantelmi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVES: Brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) is often drug resistant and patients can be forced to take polytherapy. This study evaluates both the efficacy of zonisamide (ZNS) as an add-on antiepileptic drug and the cognitive profile in patients with BTRE who have uncontrolled seizures. METHODS: We followed 11 patients for 6 months (age raging from 32 to 61). They underwent neurological visit with seizure count at baseline, after 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months. A battery of neuropsychological tests was administered at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS: Seven patients had high-grade gliomas, three patients had meningioma, and one patient had cerebral metastases. Four patients had simple partial seizures, four had complex partial seizures and three had complex partial, secondary generalized seizures. Mean dosage of ZNS was 300 mg/day. Seven patients were in chemotherapy. Mean seizure number in the month prior to administration of ZNS was 16.2. At the last follow-up available, mean seizure number was 4.5/month (responder rate= 87%). Three patients dropped out for scarce compliance. No side effects were observed. At baseline, four patients had memory deficits. CONCLUSION: Our data seems to indicate that ZNS has a good efficacy in patients with BTRE.Neuropsychological tests at last follow-up are ongoing.
The relationship between parental and children's serum IgE and asthma.
Authors: B Burrows, F D Martinez, M G Cline, M D Lebowitz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

This paper examines the familial aggregation of physician-diagnosed asthma in relation to the age- and sex-standardized total serum IgE levels of children and their parents in a sample of the general population in Tucson, Arizona, that has been followed in a longitudinal study for over 20 yr. There were 591 nuclear families containing 1,177 children who provided information about the presence or absence of a physician diagnosis of asthma. The serum IgE data were less complete: both parents and one or more of their children in 251 of the nuclear families, containing 468 children, had serum IgE levels measured. There was a very strong tendency for asthmatic patients to have asthmatic children, but only a small part of this appeared to be related to the familial aggregation of total serum IgE. In the absence of an asthmatic parent, there was a slight but significantly higher prevalence of asthma in children of whom both parents had IgE levels in the highest tertile. Very high rates of children's asthma depended on there being an asthmatic parent who also had at least moderate levels of serum IgE. It was also shown that asthmatic children have considerably higher total IgE levels than would be expected on the basis of their parents' IgE levels alone. The data appear compatible with several familial-aggregation hypotheses and a strong environmental influence determining which children are likely to develop asthma. We speculate that the inflammation in the airways of asthmatic patients itself tends to increase the serum IgE level, possibly secondary to mediators that it generates.
Cretins in America.
Authors: William Osler
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Baltimore, Md., March 5, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you kindly allow me the use of your columns to ask for information on the subject of cretinism in America? I have been detailed by the Pediatric Society to take part in the discussion on<i>Internal Secretions</i>at the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons in Washington, on May 5, and I am anxious to present the experience of American physicians on the use of the thyroid extract in the treatment of cretinism. I wish brief statements, 1, of the name, age and sex of the patients; 2, of the length of time the thyroid extract has been given, and with what results; 3, whether any case cured by treatment has been able subsequently to abandon the use of the extract; and I would also like to have photographs showing the effects of the treatment. I shall give full credit
A real life retrospective analysis of drug expenditure reveals no significant cost difference between infliximab and adalimumab in the treatment of adult crohn's disease
Authors: C. A. Lamb, M. Price, M. Robinson, M. C. Gunn, N. P. Thompson, J. C. Mansfield
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The revised NICE guidance on the use of infliximab and adalimumab for the treatment of Crohn9s disease, released in May 2010, has suggested biologics be prescribed as a planned therapy until treatment failure or until completion of 12 months treatment, whichever is shorter. For the first time, NICE have introduced cost as a criteria for which anti-TNF antibody treatment should be used, recommending that therapy be commenced with the less expensive of the two drugs. However the comparative cost of the drugs is not immediately clear. For example the dosage of infliximab is weight dependent, whereas the dosage of adalimumab is independent of weight; and the dosage interval of both drugs may be shortened to optimise efficacy. These factors may impact on cost. <h3>Methods</h3> As part of a service development exercise, a retrospective audit of patient records was performed. The drug cost of infliximab and adalimumab prescription per patient for the treatment of Crohn9s disease in the Trust between 1 April 2009 and 31 March 2010 was calculated. <h3>Results</h3> Of 60 patients receiving biologics, 46 patients were treated with infliximab and 19 patients with adalimumab during the 1-year audit period (5 patients received both drugs during the study period). The mean age (range) of the cohort was 32.4 years (17–65). The median cost of infliximab was £6294 per patient (mean (95% CI) cost, £6877 (5783 to 7971) per patient). The median cost of adalimumab was £5720 per patient (mean (95% CI) cost, £8226 (4893 to 11 560) per patient). There was no significant cost difference between the drugs (p=0.43). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this cohort of patients, no significant cost difference was found when comparing infliximab and adalimumab for the treatment of Crohn9s disease over a 1-year period. In light of the recent NICE guidance, this data would support individual patient and physician choice when deciding on which anti-TNF therapy to prescribe.