tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Apparent Decline in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Incidence in Tunisia Associated with Improved Socioeconomic Conditions.
Authors: H. Boussen, J. Ben Hassouna, F. Khomsi, T. Dhiab, F. Benna, A. Gamoudi, N. Mourali, M. Hechiche, K. Rahal, P. Levine
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Aim: Numerous publications since the 1970s have reported an apparently high frequency of IBC in Tunisia affecting up to 50% of breast cancer patients. In the past 20 years, 3 complete national population-based cancer registries have provided more precise information about breast cancer (BC) incidence. Moreover, IBC diagnostic criteria moved from the French classification of aggressive or rapidly progressing breast cancer (RPBC) also designated as "pousee evolutive" (PEV) to the current system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). In this study we reviewed a series of publications and recent data from the Tunisian Breast Cancer Registries to evaluate the gradual changes in IBC and non-IBC and relate the findings to improvements in the general economic situation in this country.Methods: All indexed Tunisian publications regarding RPBC and IBC since 1970 were compiled and their data were compared to recent data from the Tunisian Cancer Registries. These findings were compared to reports on changing breast cancer patterns in Tunisia overall.Results: Trends in Tunisian BC were compared to the original report of RPBC from Tunisia's National Cancer Institute, the Institut Salah Azaiz, which noted 340 of 581 (58.5%) consecutive breast cancer patients had RPBC which included 282 (48.5%) PEV 3 patients clinically indistinguishable from IBC in the United States. In 6 subsequent series including 700 to 1400 patients affected by BC published from 1985 to 2008, the relative percentage of IBC patients gradually decreased to 30.3%, 6.2% and 5.7% associated with a concurrent increase in the incidence of breast cancer nationwide. Registry data and hospital-based studies have shown also a progressive decrease in mean clinical tumor size in the past four decades from 60mm to 40mm and a discordant tumor size between private patients and public patients, the latter having significantly larger tumors at diagnosis. This trend, compatible with the early observation of a rural predominance of RPBC and a gradual increase in gross national product supports other etiuologic studies indicating a strong environmental determinant. for IBC.Conclusion: These data support a number of studies indicating that environmental factors, including poorer socioeconomic conditions, prolonged breast feeding, and obesity may be risk factors for IBC, and indicate the importance of environmental factors in the etiology of this disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2077.
The Treatment of Acute Hemophilic Hemarthrosis
Authors: W. R. MacAusland, J. J. Gartland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE extreme disability that follows repeated hemorrhage into various joints is well known to those who care for adolescent and adult patients with hemophilia. The pain and limitation of motion accompanying acute hemarthrosis often lead to a chronic deformity through capsular thickening, contractures, periarticular fibrosis and secondary arthritis. Sooner or later, one or more extremities show one or more partially ankylosed joints, and the patient may become a wheelchair invalid. Typical contractures, as in the knee, may respond slowly to prolonged treatment of wedging casts, stretching, physiotherapy and braces. The social and financial loss, as well as the psychiatric disability . . .
Magnetic Separation: Track‐Etched Magnetic Micropores for Immunomagnetic Isolation of Pathogens (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 7/2014)
Authors: Melaku Muluneh, Wu Shang, David Issadore
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

On page 1078, D. Issadore and colleagues develop a new approach for isolating pathogens from messy clinical samples. Their platform, Track Etched Magnetic MicropOre (TEMPO), uses a microporous membrane coated with a soft magnetic film, creating enormous arrays of magnetic traps which allow the advantages of microfluidics to be preserved, but is robust against clogging and capable of extremely high flow rates.
Atherosclerosis and the Fat Content of the Diet
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, FREDRICK J. STARE, A. C. CORCORAN, HERBERT POLLACK, CHARLES F. WILKINSON
Journal: Circulation (1957)

A report to the American Heart Association and to the American Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis the Nutrition Committee of the Council on Community Service and Education of the American Heart Association and others.
Re: Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Cynthia Harper
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Patriarca et al<sup>1</sup>provides long-needed additional documentation of the efficacy of the influenza vaccine in the elderly. Although they demonstrated that the vaccine provided some protection, we believe that the efficacy rates they reported are unacceptably low. The influenza vaccine has been available since 1943, and its use with high-risk groups has been recommended since 1963. Each year a great deal of publicity about these immunizations is directed to both physicians and the public. However, the medical literature that advocates its use conspicuously fails to mention efficacy rates for the elderly.<sup>2,3</sup>Because of the lack of an efficient means of identifying viruses, the practicing physician rarely identifies specific viral agents and has little opportunity to gain firsthand information on the effectiveness of this vaccine. Other commonly used vaccines have much higher efficacy rates (eg, tetanus at almost 100%, diphtheria at more
Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Using Multielectrode Catheters and Duty-Cycled Radiofrequency Energy
Authors: Christoph Scharf, Lucas Boersma, Wyn Davies, Prapa Kanagaratnam, Nicholas S. Peters, Vince Paul, Edward Rowland, Andrew Grace, Simon Fynn, Lam Dang, Hakan Oral, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Lipoproteins and Coronary Disease
Authors: MANUEL TZAGOURNIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 May 1971Lipoproteins and Coronary DiseaseMANUEL TZAGOURNIS, M.D., PAUL E. STEFFES, M.D.MANUEL TZAGOURNIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL E. STEFFES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-796 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent article by Drs. Kannel, Castelli, Gordon, and McNamara ("Serum Cholesterol, Lipoproteins, and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. The Framingham Study."Ann Intern Med74:1-12, 1971) was an admirable attempt to investigate the importance of prebeta lipoproteins (and, indirectly, triglyceride) in predicting the risk of coronary heart disease. We should like to emphasize, as have the authors, certain shortcomings of data collection concerning the Sf20-400 prebeta lipoprotein data presented. Because of the previously fine quality of work that has come from the Framingham study, some readers may accept the authors' conclusions concerning prebeta lipoproteins perhaps...Reference1. BOBERGHALLBERG JD: Changes in endogenous plasma triglycerides during elimination of exogenous triglycerides from the blood in man. J Atheroscler Res 8:351-356, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine Ohio State University Hospital Columbus, Ohio 43210 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byChapter 16. Atherosclerosis 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 796-797KeywordsCholesterolCoronary heart diseaseLipoproteins Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE DIRECT INOCULATION OF BACTERIA INTO THE SPLEEN OF LIVING ANIMALS; AND A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF A LESION IN ANIMAL TISSUE FOR THE LODGMENT AND MULTIPLICATION OF BACTERIA WITHIN IT
Authors: T. M. Cheesman, S. J. Meltzer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1898)

I. Cultures of B. coli communis, B. typhosus and Staph. pyogenes aureus, when injected into the tissue of the normal spleen, soon disappear from that organ, and indeed from the normal body generally. II. Bacteria injected into a spleen after the whole or a part of the vessels have been tied, multiply in the spleen with great rapidity and continue to supply bacteria to the blood, whence in the healthy body they soon disappear. III. Bacteria injected into the spleen, or subcutaneous tissue, or into the blood current through the ear vein, in cases in which moderate lesions have been made by cauterization or compression in the spleen, liver, kidney, uterus, testicle, peritoneum, or subcutaneous tissue, usually find lodgment in these lesions and multiply there. IV. Even in cases in which numerous foci existed, from which the blood was constantly provided with a fresh supply of bacteria, only few bacteria were found at any time in the blood.
Medical audit in North America.
Authors: I R McWhinney
Journal: BMJ (1972)

reports do mention hyperventilation with a low Pco2.Hyper- ventilation was the outstanding feature in this patient and could not be attributed to any mechanical abnormality or hypoxaemia.The whole functional picture resembles that attributed to disease of the small pulmonary arteries by Nadel and his colleagues,8 but I think Dr.Evans has conclusively excluded the possibility in the present case.DR.FLETCHER: About the honeycomb pattern-I would have thought this was a very uncommon result of chronic bronchitis.DR.J. SILVER (8): Are steroids of use in these patients ?DR.
PHENYLALANINE METABOLISM IN THE PHENYLPYRUVIC CONDITION. II. AN ATTEMPT TO CALCULATE THE DAILY INCORPORATION OF PHENYLALANINE INTO PROTEINS*
Authors: Hanns-Dieter Grümer, Hans Koblet, Carol Woodard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Some attempts have been made to estimate the rate of total protein synthesis in man.San Pietro and Rittenberg (1), in an improvement of a previ- ous model of Sprinson and Rittenberg (2), used a three-compartment scheme, containing a protein pool, a metabolic nitrogen pool, and a urea pool.They compared the mathematical formula de- rived on the basis of these assumptions with the empirical formula, given by the N 5-excretion curve in the urine.Their basic assumptions are a non- rate-limiting transamination, and that all amino acids are used for protein synthesis, oxidation, and nitrogen excretion.A similar model was used by Wu, Sendroy and Bishop (3-5).Maurer (6) estimated the daily protein formation from the rate of disappearance of intravenously injected S35methionine.However, it seemed worthwhile to carry out calculations of the daily amount of pro- tein formation in phenylketonuric patients, where metabolism of one amino acid is slowed down and data can be obtained with greater accuracy from the graphic plot.In the preceding paper (7) we described the de- termination of the free phenylalanine pool and its maximal turnover rate in patients suffering from phenylpyruvic oligophrenia.This turnover rate applies only to this group of patients because of their negligible ability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine; but such a metabolic defect makes them useful models in whom to study the rate of protein synthesis in man.Experiments by Udenfriend and Bessman (8) demonstrated that, on a molar basis, only about 2 per cent of the phenylalanine is converted to ty- rosine in this disease; this means that the main pathway in the metabolism of phenylalanine is es-
Multicentric/-focal vs. unifocal breast cancer: is the TNM-classification justified.
Authors: TM Weissenbacher, M Zschage, W Janni, C Scholz, H Sommer
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2075 Background:&amp;#x2028; For classification of breast cancer, the TNM-staging is standard since more than fifty years and the prognostic relevance of the T-category is well established. However, tumor size in multicentric and multifocal tumors is assessed by the largest tumor focus only, and does not reflect the cumulative tumor volume. Aim of this study was to compare the prognosis of multicentric/-focal tumors vs unifocal tumors with identical tumor sizes according to TNM-Staging.&amp;#x2028; Methods:&amp;#x2028; Overall, 576 patients between 1963 and 2007 were examined. Based on a consecutive patient cohort (n=5.691 pts), two equivalent groups of 288 early breast cancer patients with multicentric/-focal vs unifocal tumors were selected by matched-paired analysis. Match criterias were tumor size, histopathologic grading as well as hormone receptor status, which were equally distributed in both groups (p=1,0, each). Disease free survival and breast cancer specific survival were evaluated. For the multivariate analysis the Cox regression system was used. The median follow-up was 70 month (5,8 years, range 19 - 312 mts)&amp;#x2028; Results:&amp;#x2028; The Kaplan-Meier estimate for mean breast cancer specific survival was 221.6 mon (206.7 – 236.4 95%CI) in patients with unifocal and 203.3 mon (184.1 – 222.5, 95% CI, p&amp;lt; .0001, log rank test) in patients with multicentric/-focal tumors. Furthermore, in patients with a unifocal tumor the relapse-free survival was 205.9 mon (190.7 – 221.2 95%CI) and 169.6 mon (150.8 – 188.5, 95% CI, p&amp;lt; .0001, log rank test) in patients with multicentric/-focal disease. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, allowing for tumor size, grading and nodal status, multicentricity/-focality was an independent significant predictor for reduced breast cancer specific survival (p&amp;lt; .0001) as well as reduced relapse-free survival.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion:&amp;#x2028; In breast cancer, multicentric/-focal disease is associated with a worse prognosis compared to unifocal disease with identical tumor size. The authors conclude that the tumor biology of multicentric/-focal tumors is not reflected adequately by the current TNM-classification. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2075.
SPIRONOLACTONE IMPROVES POOR OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH NYHA CLASS I OR II CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AND ELEVATED CARDIAC SYMPATHETIC NERVE ACTIVITY
Authors: Takumi Kondo, Takahisa Yamada, Takashi Morita, Yoshio Furukawa, Koji Tanaka, Yusuke Iwasaki, Masato Kawasaki, Yuki Kuramoto, Tadao Fujimoto, Hironori Yamamoto, Kaoruko Sengoku, Kentaro Ozu, Masatake Fukunami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Thalidomide With Carboplatin in Children With Cancer
Authors: Murali Chintagumpala, Susan M. Blaney, Lisa R. Bomgaars, Aleksander Aleksic, John F. Kuttesch, Renee A. Klenke, Stacey L. Berg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Tumor growth and metastasis is believed to depend on the tumor's ability to induce neovascularization. Recent studies have indicated that thalidomide inhibits angiogenesis. We performed a phase I and pharmacokinetic study of thalidomide with carboplatin in children with refractory solid tumors.Carboplatin was administered as a single intravenous dose once every 21 days at a target area under the concentration-time curve of 6 mg/mL.min. Thalidomide was administered daily by mouth. The initial dose level was 100 mg/m(2)/d with intrapatient dose escalation to a maximum dose of 300 mg/m(2)/d. The next cohort of patients started at a dose of 300 mg/m(2)/d, with intrapatient dose escalation to a maximum dose of 500 mg/m(2)/d. Standard response and adverse event criteria were used. Serial blood samples for thalidomide pharmacokinetics studies were obtained after the first dose.Twenty-two patients received 56 cycles of therapy. The maximum tolerated thalidomide dose was 400 mg/m(2)/d. The dose-limiting toxicity was somnolence. There were no objective responses. Thalidomide's apparent clearance was 55 +/- 16 mL/min/m(2) and the terminal half-life was 5.9 +/- 2.8 hours. There was no evidence of dose-dependent pharmacokinetics in the narrow range studied.Thalidomide at a dose of 400 mg/m(2)/d can be safely administered to children with solid tumors in combination with carboplatin. Somnolence is the major toxicity. In addition, we have characterized the pharmacokinetic behavior of thalidomide in children. This study can serve as the basis for future investigation of thalidomide as an anticancer agent in children.
Relatives of Shipman victims win first round in fight for open inquiry
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Relatives of victims of the English GP and serial killer Harold Shipman scored a decisive vic-tory last week in their bid to force the health secretary, Alan Milburn, to hold an open inquiry into how the GP was able to succeed in murdering so many patients.

At the High Court in London, Lord Justice Kennedy, sitting with Mr Justice Jackson, declared that Mr Milburn's decision to hold the inquiry in private breached article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, the right to freedom of expression.

The far reaching judgment will substantially limit …
Stuff the mannequins
Authors: Gwen Baxter, Peter Hutchison, John Rutherford, Rosie Rutherford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We see two areas of concern in Menzies’s filler article.1 The participants in the study are not the mannequins but the paramedics, so the ethics committee is responsible for considering their role—as well as that of the mannequins.

Firstly, paramedics might feel a degree of coercion to become involved or fear that their jobs might be …
Helicobacter pylori infection and coagulation in healthy people
Authors: F. Parente, G. Maconi, V. Imbesi, O. Sangaletti, M. Poggio, E. Rossi, P. Duca, G. B. Porro
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To determine whether raised plasma glucose concentration independently influences outcome after acute stroke or is a stress response reflecting increased stroke severity.Design: Long term follow up study of patients admitted to an acute stroke unit.Setting: Western Infirmary, Glasgow.Subjects: 811 patients with acute stroke confirmed by computed tomography.Analysis was restricted to the 750 non-diabetic patients.Main outcome measures: Survival time and placement three months after stroke.Results: 645 patients (86%) had ischaemic stroke and 105 patients (14%) haemorrhagic stroke.Cox's proportional hazards modelling with stratification according to Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project categories identified increased age (relative hazard 1.36 per decade; 95% confidence interval 1.21 to 1.53), haemorrhagic stroke (relative hazard 1.67; 1.22 to 2.28), time to resolution of symptoms > 72 hours (relative hazard 2.15; 1.15 to 4.05), and hyperglycaemia (relative hazard 1.87; 1.43 to 2.45) as predictors of mortality.The effect of glucose concentration on survival was greatest in the first month.Conclusions: Plasma glucose concentration above 8 mmol/l after acute stroke predicts a poor prognosis after correcting for age, stroke severity, and stroke subtype.Raised plasma glucose concentration is therefore unlikely to be solely a stress response and should arguably be treated actively.A randomised trial is warranted.
Anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an update on safety
Authors: K L Hyrich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Anti-TNFα therapy may have associated risks of serious infection, congestive heart failure, malignancy, and multiple sclerosis. The magnitude of these risks is difficult to assess. This article reviews publications on the current knowledge about the safety of these agents.
Senate finance chairman sees progress on US healthcare reform
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Healthcare reform is “on track,” the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee told reporters at a briefing on 21 May. Max Baucus, a Democrat senator for Montana, said he anticipates introducing and finalising language in the legislation in mid-June and passing the bill this summer.

He said his colleagues are troubled by the continuing rise in health spending, now about 17% of the national economy and projected to surpass 20% within a decade. The senators see the legislation as their “opportunity to get it right.”

Senator Baucus asserted: “Everything is on the table, all proposals, and they …
Measurement of digitalis like compound in plasma.
Authors: N C Henningsen, D Nelson, E Berntorp, K Berntorp
Journal: BMJ (1983)

rupture or leakage of atheromatous main arteries or aneurysms.This was first reported from a single case in 1948 from the United States,' and several others have been published since then.2-5Of these most convincing evidence came from Zac et al,3 who had observed the association of salmonellas in nine out of their 11 cases of ruptured large arteries in the course of bacterial infections.Almost all of these patients were aged 60 or over.This is understandable, as the incidence of atheromatous conditions and aneurysms is expected to be higher in this age group.Our patient was a diabetic.It was interesting to note that dia- betes was also noted in all of the cases of Black et a14 and in one case from each of two other reports.2 5
p53 Lesions in Leukemic Transformation
Authors: Ashot Harutyunyan, Thorsten Klampfl, Mario Cazzola, Robert Kralovics
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

To the Editor: Myeloproliferative neoplasms have an inherent tendency toward leukemic transformation. The genetic mechanisms of transformation remain largely unknown. We analyzed biopsy specimens of myeloproliferative neoplastic tissue from 330 patients for chromosomal aberrations associated with leukemic transformation (the analysis was performed with the use of Genome-Wide Human SNP [single-nucleotide polymorphism] Array, Affymetrix). Of those patients, 308 had chronic-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms and 22 had postmyeloproliferative-phase neoplasm secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Among these 22 patients, 1 carried the myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL) W515L and all others carried the Janus kinase 2 gene (JAK2) V617F mutation. . . .
Clinical outcome after endoscopic mucosal resection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invading the muscularis mucosae - a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: C. Katada, M. Muto, K. Momma, M. Arima, H. Tajiri, C. Kanamaru, H. Ooyanagi, H. Endo, T. Michida, N. Hasuike, I. Oda, T. Fujii, D. Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de C. Katada et al., pp. 779Endoscopy 2007; 39(09): 930-930DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1308866
Not research and development but dissemination and application
Authors: P. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1991)

These skills have in common that thev can be acquired by many reasonably intelligent and empathic people: they are not the exclusive preserve of any one profession and, indeed, may be most economically used by non-professionals.The danger of internecine strife among the caring professions regarding the ownership of these various techniques is great, and the danger of overprofessionalisation of their practice even more so.