tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sodium Intake on Albumin Excretion in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy Treated with Long-Acting Calcium Antagonists
Authors: George L. Bakris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine whether sodium intake alters albumin excretion in patients with nephropathy from non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who were treated with two different long-acting calcium antagonists. Design: Prospective, crossover, open-label trial. Setting: Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center. Patients: 9 men and 6 women (mean age ±SD, 56 ± 8 years) with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal insufficiency, and macroalbuminuria. Intervention: Diltiazem (mean dose, 392 ± 27 mg/d) or nifedipine (mean dose, 83 ± 9 mg/d) was used to decrease blood pressure to less than 140/90 mm Hg. All patients also received furosemide concomitantly for blood pressure control. Results: Blood pressure reduction with once-daily diltiazem decreased urine albumin excretion (2967 ± 784 mg/d at baseline compared with 1294 ± 679 mg/d after diltiazem therapy; P < 0.05) at 4 weeks while patients received a diet consisting of 50 mEq of sodium per day. Albumin excretion did not decrease when sodium intake was increased to 250 mEq/d, and blood pressure was reduced to levels similar to those seen with the low-sodium diet. Similar blood pressure reduction with once-daily nifedipine did not significantly alter albumin excretion regardless of sodium intake. Conclusion: Sodium intake affects the albumin-decreasing effects of certain calcium antagonists. Recent studies suggest that antihypertensive medications that reduce albumin excretion and arterial pressure correlate with reduced renal mortality compared with medications that do not have albumin-decreasing effects. Thus, a low-sodium diet should be prescribed to maximize the albumin-decreasing effects of certain calcium antagonists.
BCL-2 phosphorylation modulates sensitivity to the BH3 mimetic GX15-070 (Obatoclax) and reduces its synergistic interaction with bortezomib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: P Pérez-Galán, G Roué, M López-Guerra, M Nguyen, N Villamor, E Montserrat, G C Shore, E Campo, D Colomer
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Unilateral Pulmonary Edema after Pneumothorax
Authors: Richard J. Steckel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE typical "batwing" or "butterfly" pattern of pulmonary edema1 2 3 is well known. The relative symmetry of perihilar and basal infiltrates in both lungs is indeed an indicator often used by the radiologist to favor a diagnosis of pulmonary edema as opposed to other possible differential diagnoses (aspiration pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, etc.). Although it is known that pulmonary edema can sometimes be predominantly unilateral as a result of many possible factors (patient positioning,4 congenital heart disease,5 pre-existing unilateral lung disease,6 etc.), gross asymmetry of involvement in acute pulmonary edema is relatively uncommon. Ipsilateral pulmonary edema has been noted rarely after rapid . . .
Microparticles are new biomarkers of septic shock-induced disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
Authors: Xavier Delabranche, Julie Boisramé-Helms, Pierre Asfar, Asaël Berger, Yoganaden Mootien, Thierry Lavigne, Lélia Grunebaum, François Lanza, Christian Gachet, Jean-Marie Freyssinet, Florence Toti, Ferhat Meziani
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
A psycho-historical research program for the integrative science of art
Authors: Nicolas J. Bullot, Rolf Reber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Critics of the target article objected to our account of art appreciators' sensitivity to art-historical contexts and functions, the relations among the modes of artistic appreciation, and the weaknesses of aesthetic science. To rebut these objections and justify our program, we argue that the current neglect of sensitivity to art-historical contexts persists as a result of a pervasive aesthetic–artistic confound; we further specify our claim that basic exposure and the design stance are necessary conditions of artistic understanding; and we explain why many experimental studies do not belong to a psycho-historical science of art.
THE BACTERICIDAL PROPERTIES OF THE QUATERNARY SALTS OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE
Authors: Walter A. Jacobs, Michael Heidelberger, Harold L. Amoss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

By the addition of substituted benzyl halides to hexamethylenetetramine, a series of quaternary salts of this base was obtained. These salts represent a new group of organic bactericides. The results obtained in the tests with these substances upon Bacillus typhosus have demonstrated the existence of direct relationships between chemical constitution and bactericidal action within the series. The bactericidal character is directly attributable to the presence of the hexamethylenetetramine nucleus. The degree of the bactericidal action, however, is determined by the position, character, and number of the groups substituted in the benzene nucleus. By the introduction of the methyl, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, and nitro groups into the benzene nucleus of the parent benzyl hexamethylenetetraminium salt, the bactericidal power of this compound was notably enhanced. The substitution of these groups in the ortho position almost invariably resulted in substances which were more active than their meta or para isomers. The introduction of the methoxy group was without marked effect. Several substances in which two hexamethylenetetraminium side-chains occurred were found to be the most active of the substances of this series when tested against Bacillus typhosus. Comparative tests with other bacterial types demonstrated that these compounds possessed a marked degree of specificity for Bacillus typhosus.
Diastolic Stiffness of the Failing Diabetic Heart
Authors: Loek van Heerebeek, Nazha Hamdani, M. Louis Handoko, Ines Falcao-Pires, René J. Musters, Koba Kupreishvili, Alexander J.J. Ijsselmuiden, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Jean G.F. Bronzwaer, Michaela Diamant, Attila Borbély, Jolanda van der Velden, Ger J.M. Stienen, Gerrit J. Laarman, Hans W.M. Niessen, Walter J. Paulus
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Excessive diastolic left ventricular stiffness is an important contributor to heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is presumed to increase stiffness through myocardial deposition of collagen and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Cardiomyocyte resting tension also elevates stiffness, especially in heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The contribution to diastolic stiffness of fibrosis, AGEs, and cardiomyocyte resting tension was assessed in diabetic heart failure patients with normal or reduced LVEF.Left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy samples were procured in 28 patients with normal LVEF and 36 patients with reduced LVEF, all without coronary artery disease. Sixteen patients with normal LVEF and 10 with reduced LVEF had diabetes mellitus. Biopsy samples were used for quantification of collagen and AGEs and for isolation of cardiomyocytes to measure resting tension. Diabetic heart failure patients had higher diastolic left ventricular stiffness irrespective of LVEF. Diabetes mellitus increased the myocardial collagen volume fraction only in patients with reduced LVEF (from 14.6+/-1.0% to 22.4+/-2.2%, P<0.001) and increased cardiomyocyte resting tension only in patients with normal LVEF (from 5.1+/-0.7 to 8.5+/-0.9 kN/m2, P=0.006). Diabetes increased myocardial AGE deposition in patients with reduced LVEF (from 8.8+/-2.5 to 24.1+/-3.8 score/mm2; P=0.005) and less so in patients with normal LVEF (from 8.2+/-2.5 to 15.7+/-2.7 score/mm2, P=NS).Mechanisms responsible for the increased diastolic stiffness of the diabetic heart differ in heart failure with reduced and normal LVEF: Fibrosis and AGEs are more important when LVEF is reduced, whereas cardiomyocyte resting tension is more important when LVEF is normal.
Association of HLA B8 with spontaneous resolution in sarcoidosis.
Authors: M J Smith, C W Turton, D N Mitchell, M Turner-Warwick, L M Morris, S D Lawler
Journal: Thorax (1981)

HLA may influence the natural history of some diseases. HLA frequencies have been compared in 164 healthy control subjects, 50 patients with sarcoid lung fibrosis, and 37 patients with sarcoidosis that resolved spontaneously. B8 was increased significantly in the resolved group compared to both healthy control subjects (p less than 0.001) and the fibrotic group (p less than 0.01). The results support the findings of other investigators, and are consistent with the hypothesis that inherited host factors, perhaps related to immune response, influence the clinical expression of sarcoidosis.
Cancer of the Urogenital Tract: Bladder Cancer
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tc-99m HMDP Accumulation in an Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Authors: TSUNEO HIRANO, HIDENORI OHTAKE, KEIGO ENDO, AKIHIRO NAKAMUR, YASUHITO SASAKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Bone-seeking agents, such as Tc-99m MDP or HMDP, have been known to accumulate in benign and malignant primary soft tissue tumors. The authors present a case of an alveolar soft part sarcoma demonstrated on Tc-99m HMDP bone scintigraphy with CT and MRI correlation.
Similar Efficacy for Ovarian Ablation Compared With Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil: From a Randomized Comparison of Premenopausal Patients With Node-Positive, Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Bent Ejlertsen, Henning T. Mouridsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, Nils-Olof Bengtsson, Jonas Bergh, Soren Cold, Per Edlund, Marianne Ewertz, Peter W. de Graaf, Claus Kamby, Dorte L. Nielsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

To compare the efficacy of ovarian ablation versus chemotherapy in early breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive disease.We conducted an open, randomized, multicenter trial including premenopausal breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors and either axillary lymph node metastases or tumors with a size of 5 cm or more. Patients were randomly assigned to ovarian ablation by irradiation or to nine courses of chemotherapy with intravenous cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) administered every 3 weeks.Between 1990 and May 1998, 762 patients were randomly assigned, and the present analysis is based on 358 first events. After a median follow-up time of 8.5 years, the unadjusted hazard ratio for disease-free survival in the ovarian ablation group compared with the CMF group was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.81 to 1.22). After a median follow-up time of 10.5 years, overall survival (OS) was similar in the two groups, with a hazard ratio of 1.11 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.42) for the ovarian ablation group compared with the CMF group.In this study, ablation of ovarian function in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer had a similar effect to CMF on disease-free and OS. No significant interactions were demonstrated between treatment modality and hormone receptor content, age, or any of the well-known prognostic factors.
Psychological aspects of lower urinary tract infections in women.
Authors: D. Sumners, M. Kelsey, I. Chait
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether women with the urethral syndrome can be distinguished from those with urinary tract infection by case notes, clinical symptoms, or psychiatric state. DESIGN--Longitudinal survey of consecutive women presenting with dysuria and frequency. SETTING--General practice and community. SUBJECTS--58 patients with the urethral syndrome and 44 patients with a urinary tract infection, mean age 39.9 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Results of analysis of serial midstream urine specimens, patients9 self rated physical symptoms and responses to 60 item general health questionnaire at presentation and after resolution of symptoms, and results of psychiatric assessment with the clinical psychiatric interview. RESULTS--4 of 42 patients with a urinary tract infection had recently changed sexual partner compared with none of 58 with the urethral syndrome. Dysuria and nocturia were more common in patients with urinary tract infections than those with the urethral syndrome (mean (SD) score for dysuria 5.37 (2.39) v 4.57 (2.13), p less than 0.05; nocturia in 39/44 (88%) patients v 40/58 (69%), chi 2 = 5.5, p less than 0.02). Both groups showed transient high levels of distress which resolved with the physical symptoms, but no psychiatric difference distinguished them. CONCLUSION--The urethral syndrome is not associated with increased psychiatric morbidity.
Future Surgery: Minimal Invasion
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE SPOTLIGHT at this year's Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons illuminated a therapeutic revolution. Hundreds of general surgeons at the meeting in San Francisco, Calif, watched films, took part in discussions, and visited exhibits all devoted to promoting minimally invasive surgery.  In this operating technique, diseased organs are removed with only small incisions and the aid of laparoscopy or some comparable optical system. The advantages over traditional procedures in which the body is opened and observed directly are extolled by adept clinicians. They include less trauma and healing with little pain, shorter recovery time and rapid return to normal activities, minimal scarring, shorter or no hospital stay, and—say some—lower cost.  At the meeting, surgeons-as-students participated in an instrument manufacturer's setup, trying to watch a video screen that displayed the insides of a patient (in this instance, a piece of chicken) while they inserted trocars and manipulated the
Inhaled insulin: Concerns remain
Authors: Niamh M Martin, Karim Meeran
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Morton-Eggleston and Barrett conclude that the adverse effects of inhaled insulin are not clinically worrisome.1 Insulin is a potent mitogen and growth factor in the lung, leading to concerns that repeated inhaled delivery of insulin results in supraphysiological alveolar insulin deposition which …
Transition from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: GORDON L. SUSSMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

A 34-year-old man had polar extremes of B cell dysfunction: systemic lupus erythematosus evolving into common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. He presented in 1974 with seizures and six other criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus; his antinuclear antibody titer was 1:1024 and IgG level, 2870 mg/dL After 5 months of immunosuppressive treatment, a 79% decrease in serum IgG and 95% decrease in IgA levels occurred and manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus disappeared. Six years later, he developed panhypogammaglobulinemia, had recurrent sinopulmonary infections, and showed nodular lymphoid hyperplasia on rectal biopsy. For comparison, serum immunoglobulin concentrations were measured serially in 13 other patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Three developed severe depressions of these levels, two with IgG levels less than 300 mg/dL and one with an IgA level of 8 mg/dL. These decreases were transient, related to treatment, and not associated with infections. Daily high-dose prednisone therapy (60 mg/d) rather than treatment with cytotoxic drugs correlated with decreased immunoglobulin concentrations.
Association of DJ-1/PTEN/AKT- and ASK1/p38-mediated cell signalling with ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jelena Klawitter, Jost Klawitter, Erika Agardi, Kyler Corby, Dieter Leibfritz, Brian D. Lowes, Uwe Christians, Tamas Seres
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Dilated cardiomyopathies from chronic ischaemia (ISCM) or idiopathic (IDCM) pathological mechanisms are accompanied by similar clinical symptoms but may differ in protein expression, cell metabolism, and signalling processes at the cellular level. Using a combination of proteomic and metabolomic profiling, we sought to decipher the relationships between the metabolism and cellular signalling pathways in human heart tissues collected from patients with ISCM, IDCM, and those without heart disease and dilation. The comparative analysis suggested a decrease in glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and malate–aspartate shuttle activities in both types of cardiomyopathies and an increase in ketone body oxidation only in ISCM. Chronic ischaemic injury was associated with increased DJ-1 and decreased phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein expression. The reduced PTEN expression was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of cell-protective AKT. Phosphorylation at T845 of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins, with no change in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, was also observed. The downregulation of peptidyl–prolyl cis/trans isomerase and NF-κB essential modulator potentially inhibits NF-κB-initiated processes. The present study characterized differences in the molecular mechanisms, metabolism, and pathological cell signalling associated with ISCM and IDCM, which may provide novel targets for intervention at the cellular level.
Israel legalises surrogate motherhood
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A bill legalising surrogate motherhood and setting down strict controls and limitations has been passed by Israel's parliament a day after regulations barring the practice expired by order of the High Court of Justice.

The controversial bill, which was several years in the making, was described by health minister Dr Ephraim Sneh as “a medical and legislative breakthrough.” In an odd coalition, most of the opponents …
In vitro determination of small intestinal permeability: demonstration of a persistent defect in patients with coeliac disease.
Authors: I Bjarnason, T J Peters
Journal: Gut (1984)

Previous methods for measuring intestinal permeability involve the urinary measurements of various poorly digested sugar or inert poly(ethylene glycol) polymers after their oral administration. The results reflect a variety of gastrointestinal parameters including transit time, mucosal surface area and transfer, mesenteric blood and/or lymphatic flow and renal function, as well as mucosal permeability. A new in vitro method for direct measurements of mucosal permeability to three probes is described and permeability is shown to be inversely related to the molecular weight of the probe molecule. Using this technique, a persistent increase in mucosal permeability to certain probes (molecular weight less than 1500 daltons) has been shown in patients with coeliac disease in whom treatment by strict gluten withdrawal has been accompanied by restoration of intestinal histological normality. It is suggested that this finding represents a primary defect in this syndrome.
Impact of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein on long-term mortality of acute myocardial infarction in the reperfusion era
Authors: Kunihiro Kinjo, Hiroshi Sato, Hideyuki Sato, Yozo Ohnishi, Daisaku Nakatani, Hiroya Mizuno, Eiji Hishida, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Cost of Services at Neighborhood Health Centers
Authors: Gerald Sparer, Arne Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract A two-year study of six OEO Neighborhood Health Centers of different sizes used a uniform cost-finding methodology that accurately reflected expenses and showed that about 55 per cent of the costs were directed toward primary clinical medical care. The average visit cost for such care ranged from $22.00 to $37.00, the cost of a physician-patient encounter from $16.09 to $28.38, and the provision of primary comprehensive care from $144.00 to $270.00 per person per year. These costs are competitive with other institutional providers, including outpatient departments and clinics of hospitals, and large prepaid group practices.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Advance Care Planning Among Patients With Cancer: Impact of Terminal Illness Acknowledgment, Religiousness, and Treatment Preferences
Authors: Alexander K. Smith, Ellen P. McCarthy, Elizabeth Paulk, Tracy A. Balboni, Paul K. Maciejewski, Susan D. Block, Holly G. Prigerson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Despite well-documented racial and ethnic differences in advance care planning (ACP), we know little about why these differences exist. This study tested proposed mediators of racial/ethnic differences in ACP. Patients and Methods We studied 312 non-Hispanic white, 83 non-Hispanic black, and 73 Hispanic patients with advanced cancer in the Coping with Cancer study, a federally funded multisite prospective cohort study designed to examine racial/ethnic disparities in ACP and end-of-life care. We assessed the impact of terminal illness acknowledgment, religiousness, and treatment preferences on racial/ethnic differences in ACP. Results Compared with white patients, black and Hispanic patients were less likely to have an ACP (white patients, 80%; black patients, 47%; Hispanic patients, 47%) and more likely to want life-prolonging care even if he or she had only a few days left to live (white patients, 14%; black patients, 45%; Hispanic patients, 34%) and to consider religion very important (white patients, 44%; black patients, 88%; Hispanic patients, 73%; all P &lt; .001, comparison of black or Hispanic patients with white patients). Hispanic patients were less likely and black patients marginally less likely to acknowledge their terminally ill status (white patients, 39% v Hispanic patients, 11%; P &lt; .001; white v black patients, 27%; P = .05). Racial/ethnic differences in ACP persisted after adjustment for clinical and demographic factors, terminal illness acknowledgment, religiousness, and treatment preferences (has ACP, black v white patients, adjusted relative risk, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.49 to 0.83]; Hispanic v white patients, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.47 to 0.89]). Conclusion Although black and Hispanic patients are less likely to consider themselves terminally ill and more likely to want intensive treatment, these factors did not explain observed disparities in ACP.