tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trace Elements in Disseminated Sclerosis
Authors: J. P. Adlam
Journal: BMJ (1966)

dose of busulphan being regulated according to the white count.The dose varied considerably from nil to 8 mg.daily.During the last few months she became increasingly pigmented, had recurrent nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea, lost a considerable amount of weight, and was very lethargic.Her blood-pressure tended to be low -about 105/60.The pigmentation was gen- eralized, but in addition she had marked pigmentation in the palmar creases.As in Dr. Harrold's patient, and patients reported previously,' ' the buccal mucous membranes were spared.Our patient showed a normal excretion of urinary 17-hydroxy-corticosteroids (10-12.6 mg./24 hrs.(Few)), which rose to 29.5 mg./24 hrs. on the third day of receiving Cortrophin-Zn 60 units intramuscularly twice daily.The patient had been off treatment with busulphan for five weeks prior to this test.Another interesting feature in this patient was a very low serum calcium, the levels varying between 4.9 and 5.6 mg./100 ml.The patient complained of tingling in her limbs, and Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs were positive.The plasma proteins were normal-albumin 3.8 g./100 ml. and globulin 2.1 g./100 ml.There was no evidence of malabsorption, the xylose ex- cretion test and the faecal excretion of fat being normal.The urinary calciums were low, being 3.5 to 13 mg./24hrs.The serum calcium rose to 7.5 mg./100 ml. and tetany could no longer be elicited following the administration of calcium gluconate, 16 g.daily, and calciferol, 50,000 units daily.Hypocalcaemia would seem to be a rare finding in patients with myeloid leukaemia, although one instance has recently been reported.2In this patient the serum calcium was 7.4 mg./100 ml. and there were no signs and symptoms of tetany.We will be report- ing our patient in more detail elsewhere.
Vascular Component of Airway Remodeling in Asthma Is Reduced by High Dose of Fluticasone
Authors: Alfredo Chetta, Andrea Zanini, Antonio Foresi, Mario Del Donno, Antonio Castagnaro, Raffaele D'Ippolito, Simonetta Baraldo, Renato Testi, Marina Saetta, Dario Olivieri
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study to assess the effect of 6 weeks treatment with low-dose (100 microg twice a day) or high-dose (500 microg twice a day) inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) on the vascular component of airway remodeling in 30 patients with mild to moderate asthma. We also studied the effect on the inflammatory cells and the basement membrane thickness, and we compared findings from bronchial biopsies taken in patients with asthma with those in eight control subjects. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and asthma symptom score were measured before and after treatments. Eight patients in the low-dose FP group and eight patients in high-dose FP group completed the study. At baseline, patients with asthma showed an increase in the number of vessels and in vascular area as compared with control subjects. In the subjects with asthma, number of vessels correlated with vascular area (p < 0.01) and with number of mast cells (p < 0.01). Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine, asthma symptom score, and inflammatory cells decreased significantly after both low- and high-dose FP (p < 0.05). However, the number of vessels, the vascular area, and the basement membrane thickness decreased only after high-dose FP (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that in patients with mild to moderate asthma, high dose of inhaled FP given over 6 weeks can significantly affect airway remodeling by reducing both submucosal vascularity and basement membrane thickness.
Abstract 2034: Tumor suppressive activity of Smad3 by regulation of microRNAs in gastric cancer
Authors: Jooyoung Kim, Dong-Kyun Park, Sung-Min Ahn, Jiyoung Cha, Suntaek Hong
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Loss of the tumor suppressive effect of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been commonly found at later stages in carcinogenic progression. It was recently found that Smad3 expression is lost in more than a third of cancers and the introduction of Smad3 into Smad3 null gastric cancer cell line restores TGF-β-mediated growth inhibitory and tumor suppressive activity. Interestingly, expression of Smad3 induced the expression of E-cadherin. Since there is accumulating evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin such as ZEB1 and ZEB2, thus affecting the expression of E-cadherin, we aimed to compare miRNA profiles of Smad3-negative gastric cell line (SNU484-LPCX) and Smad3-overexpressed one (SNU484-Smad3). To investigate global changes of miRNA profiles associated with Smad3 restoration, we applied massively parallel sequencing (MPS) to miRNA profiling. Using this approach, we identified more than 150 known miRNAs, and at least 10 miRNAs including miR200 show statistical significance in expression between two cell lines. To further confirm these findings, we applied qRT-PCR analysis of selected miRNAs and mRNAs. Using Smad3 specific siRNAs, we also proved that Smad3 is involved in the E-cadherin expression through the regulation of specific miRNAs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2034.
A massive gastric xanthomatosis
Authors: G. De Roberto, D. Ravizza, G. Fiori, C. Trovato, F. Maffini, D. Tamayo, C. Crosta
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Xanthelasmas, also known as xanthomas, are incidental lesions rarely encountered during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. We report a case of gastric xanthomatosis in a 49-year-old asymptomatic woman affected by pulmonary B-cell lymphoma. She underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy to stage her lymphoproliferative disease. The previous medical history was unremarkable, blood chemistry was normal, and she was not receiving any medication. The upper endoscopy showed soft, white/yellowish, isolated, and confluent multiple nodules, 3 – 8 mm in diameter, mainly distributed in the gastric corpus, primarily along the greater curvature ([Fig. 1]). The histopathologic diagnosis was established by the observation of foamy histiocytes in the mucosal layer with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining ([Fig. 2]). The absence of nuclear atypia and cytokeratins ([Fig. 3]) excluded any gastric malignancies. No follow-up was suggested.
Positive Selection in ASPM Is Correlated with Cerebral Cortex Evolution across Primates but Not with Whole-Brain Size
Authors: Farhan Ali, Rudolf Meier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The rapid increase of brain size is a key event in human evolution. Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated (ASPM) is discussed as a major candidate gene for explaining the exceptionally large brain in humans but ASPM’s role remains controversial. Here we use codon-specific models and a comparative approach to test this candidate gene that was initially identified in Homo–chimp comparisons. We demonstrate that accelerated evolution of ASPM (ω = 4.7) at 16 amino acid sites occurred in 9 primate lineages with major changes in relative cerebral cortex size. However, ASPM’s evolution is not correlated with major changes in relative whole-brain or cerebellum sizes. Our results suggest that a single candidate gene such as ASPM can influence a specific component of the brain across large clades through changes in a few amino acid sites. We furthermore illustrate the power of using continuous phenotypic variability across primates to rigorously test candidate genes that have been implicated in the evolution of key human traits.
Abstract A27: Loss of PABPN1 and alternative polyadenylation yield poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Junji Ichinose, Kousuke Watanabe, Atsushi Sano, Takahide Nagase, Jun Nakajima, Masashi Fukayama, Yutaka Yatomi, Nobuya Ohishi, Daiya Takai
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Alternative polyadenylation (APA), which induces shortening of the 3'UTR, is emerging as an important layer in gene regulation. APA is involved in cell proliferation, development, and cancer. APA may lead to disruption of microRNA-mediated gene regulation in cancer cells via detachment of microRNA binding sites. We studied the correlation between the APA profile and the tumor aggressiveness in cases of lung cancer. We selected the top 10 genes specifically showing significant 3'UTR shortening in lung cancer, using the package of the Bioconductor for probe-level analyses of expression microarrays. We established and evaluated the APA score by qRT-PCR in 147 clinical specimens of non-small cell lung cancer and compared the results with the clinical outcomes and expression levels of APA-related genes, including PABPN1, CPEB1, E2F1 and several proliferation markers (MKI67, TOP2A and MCM2). High APA scores were correlated with an advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified the APA score as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 3.0; P = 0.03). Both loss of PABPN1 and gain of the proliferation markers were correlated with high APA scores and a poor prognosis, with suppression of PABPN1 exerting its influence independent of gain of the proliferation markers. Moreover, the APA score was correlated with the maximum standardized uptake value of the tumors on positron emission tomography (r = 0.53; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Our results indicate that the loss of PABPN1, a recently identified suppressor of APA, promotes tumor aggressiveness by releasing the cancer cells from microRNA-mediated gene regulation. Citation Format: Junji Ichinose, Kousuke Watanabe, Atsushi Sano, Takahide Nagase, Jun Nakajima, Masashi Fukayama, Yutaka Yatomi, Nobuya Ohishi, Daiya Takai. Loss of PABPN1 and alternative polyadenylation yield poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr A27.
Fifteen-Year Survival in Prostate Cancer&lt;subtitle&gt;A Prospective, Population-Based Study in Sweden&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Jan-Erik Johansson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To describe the natural history of initially untreated early-stage prostate cancer. A key secondary objective was to calculate long-term survival rates by stage, grade, and age at diagnosis.Prospective cohort study.Population-based in 1 county of Sweden, without screening for prostate cancer.A group of 642 patients with prostate cancer of any stage, consecutively diagnosed between 1977 and 1984 at a mean age of 72 years with complete follow-up to 1994.Proportion of patients who died from prostate cancer, and 15-year survival (with 95% confidence interval [CI]), corrected for causes of death other than prostate cancer.In the entire cohort, prostate cancer accounted for 201 (37%) of all 541 deaths. Among 300 patients with a diagnosis of localized disease (T0-T2), 33 (11%) died of prostate cancer. In this group, the corrected 15-year survival rate was similar in 223 patients with deferred treatment (81%; 95% CI, 72%-89%) and in 77 who received initial treatment (81%; 95% CI, 67%-95%). The corrected 15-year survival was 57% (95% CI, 45%-68%) in 183 patients with locally advanced cancer (T3-T4) and 6% (95% CI, 0%-12%) in those 159 who had distant metastases at the time of diagnosis.Patients with localized prostate cancer have a favorable outlook following watchful waiting, and the number of deaths potentially avoidable by radical initial treatment is limited. Without reliable prognostic indicators, an aggressive approach to all patients with early disease would entail substantial overtreatment. In contrast, patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease need trials of aggressive therapy to improve their poor prognosis.
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and use of antisecretory drugs: population based cohort study
Authors: A. Lassen
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Helicobacter pylori is an important risk factor for peptic ulcers.If infection with H pylori is cured, ulcers associated with H pylori do not recur.An H pylori "test and treat" strategy for patients with peptic ulcers having long term antisecretory treatment has been suggested, in the hope that eradicating H pylori would curtail the rising use of antiulcer drugs. 1 2 We describe the long term effect of eradicating H pylori on the use of antiulcer medication in a population of patients with peptic ulcers.
1167 PRE-TREATMENT IP-10 LEVELS AND IL28B GENOTYPE IN PREDICTION OF SVR IN PRIOR TREATMENT-EXPERIENCED GENOTYPE 1 HCV PATIENTS TREATED WITH TELAPREVIR/PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN IN THE REALIZE STUDY
Authors: L. Vijgen, W. Talloen, A. Scholliers, S. Johansson, M. Tuefferd, S. De Meyer, J. Witek, G. Fanning, G. Picchio, S. Pol, S. Zeuzem, J. Aerssens
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Amalgamated Biliary Associates Incorporated, Ltd: A Fantasy of 1994
Authors: Leo A. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1984)

"I saw your ad on television and came over here this morning to talk to you about my gallbladder." "Yes. I'll remove your gallbladder for $529.69 with no extras. I'll do it next Tuesday in under an hour and you can go home the next day. You can pay cash, in which case there will be a 10% discount, or you can use your credit card, in which case there will be a 10% processing fee by my office. Any questions?" "Yes. Could you tell me a little bit about the procedure?" "What's to tell? You saw the ad, and I just told you what it meant—gallbladder removal for $529.69, no extras." "Yes, I know that, but what about the medical aspects of my case?" "Oh, a wise guy! You get the price; now you want the extras!" "I thought 'extras' meant hidden costs and other charges." "Well, you were
Differential half-maximal effects of human insulin and its analogs for in situ glucose transport and protein synthesis in rat soleus muscle
Authors: Randi B. Weinstein, Noura Eleid, Catherine LeCesne, Bianca Durando, Julie T. Crawford, Michelle Heffner, Christle Layton, Matthew O'Keefe, Jennifer Robinson, Suzy Rudinsky, Erik J. Henriksen, Marc E. Tischler
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
UK women seek infertility treatment abroad because of shortage of donor gametes at home, survey finds
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Most women who travel from the United Kingdom to other countries for infertility treatment do so because of the long wait and shortage of donor gametes at home, show the results of a survey of “fertility tourists” from the UK.

Of 51 women interviewed for the ongoing research project, more than 70% needed donor treatment, most of them with donor eggs or embryos but some with donated sperm, the principal investigator, Lorraine Culley, told a conference in London.

Professor Culley, director of the Mary Seacole research centre at De Montfort University in Leicester, outlined the still unpublished findings of the transnational reproduction project at a conference on cross border reproductive care …
A SIMPLE CLUBFOOT RETENTION SPLINT.
Authors: JOHN C. SCHAPPS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The treatment of a clubfoot should be commenced immediately after birth, when it can be cured by pressure. The lateral and then the anteroposterior element should be successively dealt with. In older cases where an operation of some sort is necessary, the complete overcorrection is best made at once. To partially correct such a case by operation, trusting to apparatus or body weight to complete the rectification, is to invite disappointment. For the clubfoot is not simply a mis-shapen foot. It is a clubfoot by reason of a peculiar distorting force which is actively at work in it. This force, if not overcome, increases rapidly. It is stimulated by unbalanced muscular movements, by weight bearing and frequently by the very measures which are employed for the cure of the case. For inefficient or intermittent resistance toughens clubfeet just as exercise strengthens normal muscles, ligaments and bones, but to a greater
Enzymatic Glucose Electrodes
Authors: George G Guilbault
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Enzymatic electrodes are described for the specific and sensitive determination of glucose in blood. The probes are based on the conversion of B-D-glucose by glucose oxidase chemically attached to the surface of a Pt electrode. The peroxide liberated is sensed by measurement of the current generated at +0.7 volts vs. S.C.E. The enzyme, chemically attached to pig intestine via glutaraldehyde coupling is quite stable for months, even at room temperature. Other glucose electrodes developed at the University of New Orleans, using Pt (measurement of the O2 consumed at −0.7 volts vs. S.C.E.) and I− probes are also described.
Treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Authors: K M De Cock
Journal: BMJ (1979)

and on both occasions a blizzard prevailed.The Mercury, a Hobart newspaper, reported on 21 September 1903, "They had to face a snowstorm, with a strong south-westerly wind.Many of them were dressed only in singlets and light knickers, ... and the top sides of the mountain were covered with some feet of snow...." One of the participants noted some years later, "They were lying over logs, on the ground, and under trees, too exhausted to continue."Thus the deaths were a result-of hypothermia, the end result of exhaustion and inadequate or wet clothing in a cold, windy environment.It is clear that lightly clad runners are vulnerable to environmental conditions, both hot and cold, and the organisers of any community jogging events should realise that weather conditions can create a medical nightmare out of a "fun run."
CAG expansion affects the expression of mutant huntingtin in the Huntington's disease brain
Authors: Neil Aronin, Kathryn Chase, Christine Young, Ellen Sapp, Cordula Schwarz, Nahida Matta, Ruth Kornreich, Bernhard Lanwehrmeyer, Edward Bird, M. Flint Beal, Jean-Paul Vonsattel, Tom Smith, Robert Carraway, Frederick M. Boyce, Anne B. Young, John B. Penney, Marian DiFiglia
Journal: Neuron (1995)
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM OF PATIENTS WITH NEUROSYPHILIS
Authors: MILTON GREENBLATT, SIDNEY LEVIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

Fifty percent of 233 cases of neurosyphilis had abnormal EEGs. The incidence of abnormality in the various clinical types of neurosyphilis was as follows: meningovascular lues 60 percent; general paresis 55 percent; optic nerve atrophy 44 percent; tabes 14 percent. In a control group the incidence of abnormality was 10 percent. Tabes, therefore, did not have a significantly greater incidence of abnormal EEGs than controls; on the other hand, the incidence of abnormality in optic atrophy, general paresis and meningo-vascular lues was significantly greater than in control subjects. Twenty percent of the total cases with neurosyphilis had positive histories of seizures as compared to an incidence less than one percent in the general population. The meningo-vascular type of neurosyphilis had the highest incidence of seizure histories and a large proportion were of the Jacksonian variety. The next highest incidence of seizures occurred in cases of general paresis and they were mostly of the grand mal and "atypical" variety. No cases with a history of seizures occurred in the groups diagnosed tabes dorsalis or optic nerve atrophy. A very high incidence of abnormal EEGs (90 percent) occurred in the cases with a history of seizures. The more abnormal the EEG. in any given case of neurosyphilis, the greater the likelihood that the patient had a history of seizures. The paroxysmal type of EEG. abnormality was the most specific for the seizure disorders. In a group of cases of general paresis a number of clinical and laboratory findings were correlated with the incidence of EEG. abnormality with the following results: The incidence of EEG. abnormality was highest in patients with a history of seizures. The presence of tremors, dysarthria, abnormal reflexes or an "organic" mental picture also raised the incidence of EEG. abnormality, but not as high as did the presence of a history of seizures. A slightly positive correlation was obtained between numbers of white blood cells, amount of total protein, severity of colloidal gold reaction in the cerebro-spinal fluid and incidence of EEG. abnormality. No correlation was obtained between EEG. abnormality and abnormal pupils, or between EEG. abnormality and presence of delusions or hallucinations as a primary part of the mental picture. A study of all cases in relation to age revealed that the largest number of cases of neurosyphilis were in the 40-50 year age group. The incidence of epilepsy and of abnormal EEGs was lowest in this age group. There was a rise in the incidence of fast activity with age and a fall in the incidence of slow activity with age. This trend in cases of neurosyphilis parallels the trend previously observed in control subjects and in neuropsychiatric patients.
Abstract B35: Genetic and epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer among atomic bomb survivors
Authors: Reiko Ito, Hideaki Eguchi, Kiyohiro Hamatani, Masataka Taga, Naohide Oue, Wataru Yasui, Kei Nakachi, Yoichiro Kusunoki
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Colon cancer among atomic bomb survivors has been shown at a significantly high excess risk attributed to atomic radiation exposure. In this study, we focused on microsatellite instability (MSI)-related colorectal carcinogenesis and analyzed both epigenetic and genetic alterations of MLH1 and Ras-signaling related genes, as well as CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Study subjects were 35 colorectal cancer cases from the RERF cohort study (Life Span Study). The MSI-high (H) was found in five cases with use of six microsatellite markers, showing a significantly higher median radiation dose than that of microsatellite stable (MSS) and MSI-low (L) cases. All five MSI-H cases carried LOH of MLH1, three of which had methylated MLH1 in the remaining alleles. Two cases with unmethylated MLH1 were found to have point mutations in MLH1, presumably causing truncated protein and splicing abnormality. Of 30 MSS and MSI-L cases, two methylated MLH1 cases were identified, i.e., a total of five methylated MLH1 cases in all study cases, and these five cases showed a higher radiation dose than that of unmethylated cases. Undetected levels of MLH1 protein expression were confirmed with four of the five MSI-High cases. Next, we analyzed the gene alterations (BRAF and K-RAS mutations and RASSF2 methylation) in the Ras-signaling pathway, which is thought to be a preceding event of MLH1 methylation. All five MSI-H cases carried one or two alterations of these Ras-signaling-related genes, and a total of 18 cases were found to have altered Ras-signaling-related genes with a significantly higher radiation dose than that of 17 cases without the alternations. When the study cases were grouped by the numbers (2, 1, and 0) of alternated Ras-signaling-related genes, three groups revealed a remarkably increasing trend in radiation dose with increased numbers of altered genes. Although CIMP status significantly correlated with MLH1 methylation, no association was found with CIMP status and radiation dose. The results obtained thus far suggest that radiation exposure may influence MSI-related epigenetic/genetic alterations in colorectal carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr B35.