tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Actors’ Portrayals of Depression to Test Interrater Reliability in Clinical Trials
Authors: Jules Rosen, Benoit H. Mulsant, Martha L. Bruce, Vikas Mittal, Debra Fox
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: This study determined if actors could portray depressed patients to establish the interrater reliability of raters using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). METHOD: Actors portrayed depressed patients using scripts derived from HDRS assessments obtained at three points during treatment. Four experienced raters blindly viewed videotapes of two patients and two actors. They guessed if each interviewee was a patient or an actor and rated the certainty of their guesses. For each interview, they also rated the realism of the portrayal and completed the HDRS. RESULTS: Experienced raters could not distinguish actors and patients better than chance and were equally certain of their right and wrong guesses. Actors and patients received high scores on the realism of their portrayals. The HDRS scores of the actor-patient pairs were correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Actors can effectively portray depressed patients. Future studies will determine if actors can accurately portray patients with anxiety and psychosis.
Comparison of Novel Hemostatic Factors and Conventional Risk Factors for Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Jacqueline A. Cooper, George J. Miller, Kenneth A. Bauer, James H. Morrissey, Thomas W. Meade, David J. Howarth, Samad Barzegar, Jacqueline P. Mitchell, Robert D. Rosenberg
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —This study sought to assess whether novel markers of hemostatic activity are predictive of coronary heart disease (CHD) and improve risk assessment. Methods and Results —Conventional CHD risk factors, the activation peptides of factor IX and factor X, factor VII activity and antigen, activated factor XII, prothrombin fragment 1+2, fibrinopeptide A, and fibrinogen were measured in 1153 men aged 50 to 61 years who were free of myocardial infarction at recruitment. Activated factor VII (VIIa) was measured in 829 men. During 7.8 years of follow-up, 104 had a CHD event. Baseline status was related to outcome by logistic regression by using a modified nested case-control design. Screening performance was judged from receiver operating characteristic curves. A high activated factor XII was associated with increased CHD risk, but low levels were not protective. Plasma VIIa and factor X activation peptide were independently and inversely related to risk. Plasma factor IX activation peptide and fibrinogen were positively associated with risk, but the relations were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for other factors, including VIIa and apoA-I. Other hemostatic markers were not associated with CHD risk. Conclusions —Hemostatic status did not add significant predictive power to that provided by conventional CHD risk factors yet was able to substitute effectively for these factors.
Two cases of cervical emphysema after colonoscopy
Authors: O. Michail, J. Griniatsos, M. Daskalaki, P. Michail, G. Bamias, C. Tsigris, T. Diamantis
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

An 82-year-old female developed cervical emphysema and acute abdomen 7 hours following an otherwise normal diagnostic colonoscopy. Abdominal radiograph ([Fig. 1 a]) disclosed the presence of air along the borders of both iliopsoas muscles. As the possibility of intraperitoneal colonic perforation could not be excluded, she was submitted to exploratory laparotomy; sigmoid diverticuli, without any evidence of colonic perforation, purulent or fecal peritonitis, were found. However, air trapped into the retroperitoneum forming multiple characteristic bubbles, was disclosed ([Fig. 1 b]). The posterior peritoneum was bluntly dissected.
Lytic Lesion in a Cervical Vertebra
Authors: D. J. Fleischli
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. S. Boyd Eaton: A 16-year-old girl gave a nine-month history of intermittent, nonradiating, dull pain localized in the upper part of her neck. Two days prior to admission the pain increased in severity quite suddenly and she sought medical attention. She denied associated neurological symptoms, exposure to tuberculosis, and previous trauma. Abnormal physical findings were limited to the neck where marked spasm and loss of the normal cervical lordosis were noted. Findings from neurological examination were normal. Laboratory data for hematocrit reading, white blood cell count, urinalysis, and serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels were normal. Corrected erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 16 mm in one hour. Intradermal skin test for tuberculosis was negative. Roentgenograms of the cervical spine were obtained (Fig 1 and 2). <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. Hanelin, what is your opinion of this case? Dr. Joseph Hanelin: There is a destructive lesion in the
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Reactivation Osteomyelitis after 75 Years
Authors: Daniel H. Libraty, Chinmay Patkar, Brenda Torres
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In this case report, Staphylococcus aureus was found to persist in an 85-year-old woman 75 years after the successful treatment of osteomyelitis during her childhood.
MRI IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH AORTIC COARCTATION REPAIR REVEALS A HIGH INCIDENCE OF RE-COARCTATION
Authors: Benedetta Leonardi, Aurelio Secinaro, Marcello Chinali, Silvia Cacaci, Ugo Giordano, Paolo Tom&agrave;, Ludmilla Mantione, Gabriele Rinelli, Giacomo Pongiglione
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Drowning Mortality in Los Angeles County-Reply
Authors: Ellen Alkon
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> Drs Cooper and Griffith correctly point out that the drowning rates presented in our article were based on place of occurrence, not on place of residence. We do not believe, however, that this implies our rate calculations were "erroneous." The detailed information regarding drowning sites on which much of our analysis was based was available only from the coroner's records, which report all drownings that occur in Los Angeles County. Because there are no data regarding the number of individuals generally present in Los Angeles County at any given time, by necessity we used resident population data as the nearest approximation to the person-time at risk. This is a common, if not entirely satisfactory, practice when calculating rates by place of occurrence.<sup>1,2</sup> We agree with Drs Cooper and Griffith that caution should be used when comparing incidence-based and occurrence-based rates. Among Los Angeles County residents, for
135 Jnk1 IN HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS MODULATES LIVER FIBROGENESIS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Authors: F.J. Cubero, G. Zhao, M. Hatting, Y.A. Nevzorova, F. Schaefer, T. Roskams, M.V. Boekschoten, M. Müller, R.J. Davis, C. Trautwein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Urinary nitrate excretion is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and reduced by prednisolone.
Authors: D O Stichtenoth, J Fauler, H Zeidler, J C Frolich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To determine daily production of nitric oxide (NO) measured as urinary nitrate excretion, and the effect of prednisolone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Twenty four hour urinary nitrate was measured by gas chromatography in 10 patients with RA, before and two to four weeks after commencement of prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg body weight, and in 18 healthy controls.Before the start of prednisolone treatment the urinary nitrate excretion in patients with RA was 2.7-fold greater (p < 0.001) than that in healthy volunteers. After prednisolone it decreased significantly, by 28%, at which time inflammatory activity (as indicated by C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, joint count, and early morning stiffness) was also reduced considerably. Despite this decrease, the urinary nitrate excretion in patients with RA remained twice that in the control group (p < 0.05).Our data suggest that the endogenous production of NO is enhanced in patients with RA. Furthermore, the results indicate that, in parallel with suppression of inflammation, this increased NO synthesis could be reduced by prednisolone treatment.
Controlled Drinking and the Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: William R. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to correct a misleading inference drawn from our data by Dr Maltzman<sup>1</sup>in his recent letter. From a prepublication manuscript, Dr Maltzman drew the figure that only 10% of our clinical sample were engaging in controlled and asymptomatic drinking at long-term follow-up. This figure is correct, but is erroneously contrasted with a recovery rate of 60% to 65% that he describes as "the industry norm for abstinence-oriented programs." This quoted figure, based on a comment made in an interview, is a gross and unsubstantiated estimate of outcomes among "those who finish treatment" and is quite at variance with empirical evidence from properly conducted clinical trials. In a review restricted to outcome studies with at least one year of follow-up data, Costello<sup>2</sup>concluded that the average success rate (abstinent<i>plus</i>improved cases) after alcoholism treatment is 26%. A similar picture emerged from Vaillant's<sup>3</sup>
Prophylaxis of Postoperative Pulmonary Atelectasis
Authors: M. O'Driscoll
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BRISHproduce heart block, and so far iprindole has not been recorded among those that have this effect.There is no such thing as a perfectly safe drug.Why, therefore, discard one which on the bulk of evidence has fewer side effects than most?-I am, etc.,
Antipsychotics in Adults With Schizophrenia: Does Sponsorship of Research Articles Affect the Findings?
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters5 March 2013Antipsychotics in Adults With Schizophrenia: Does Sponsorship of Research Articles Affect the Findings?Thomas E. Finucane, MDThomas E. Finucane, MDFrom Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303050-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As suggested in Hartling and colleagues' review comparing first-generation with second-generation antipsychotics (1) and shown in other contexts, the sponsorship of research articles may affect the findings. Can the authors say anything about the effects of pharmaceutical sponsorship on the outcomes of the trials that they reviewed? They note that chance of bias was substantial in many of the studies, and funding was not disclosed in 19% of articles (1). Corrupt research might be a particular problem with these vendors, as they have been paying billions of dollars in fines recently for a variety of behaviors related ...Reference1. Hartling L, Abou-Setta AM, Dursun S, Mousavi SS, Pasichnyk D, Newton AS. Antipsychotics in adults with schizophrenia: comparative effectiveness of first-generation versus second-generation medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:498-511. [PMID: 22893011] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Thomas E. Finucane, MDAffiliations: From Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAntipsychotics in Adults With Schizophrenia: Comparative Effectiveness of First-Generation Versus Second-Generation Medications Lisa Hartling , Ahmed M. Abou-Setta , Serdar Dursun , Shima S. Mousavi , Dion Pasichnyk , and Amanda S. Newton Antipsychotics in Adults With Schizophrenia: Does Sponsorship of Research Articles Affect the Findings? Lisa Hartling , Amanda S. Newton , and Serdar Dursun Metrics 5 March 2013Volume 158, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 362KeywordsAntipsychoticsBehaviorConflicts of interestSchizophrenia ePublished: 5 March 2013 Issue Published: 5 March 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Doctor-Patient Communication with the Inner-City Adolescent
Authors: Charlotte C. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

ADOLESCENTS notoriously present problems of communication with adults, and those who care for adolescent patients must be receptive to signals of emotional distress despite wide differences in education, age, sex, race, class and subcultural idiom. The adolescent's lack of confidence in his verbal ability is multiplied a thousand times by the distrust and hostility of the black youth who is driven to seek help from the middle-class, highly educated adults (all too often white) who staff adolescent clinics at large medical centers. Standard self-administered questionnaires (M.M.P.I., or the secondary-school form of Alexiou) have been poorly received. Low-level reading skills caused . . .
Incidence of Thyrocytotoxic Factor and Other Antithyroid Antibodies in the Mothers of Cretins
Authors: R. W. Chandler, R. M. Blizzard, W. Hung, M. Kyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE concept that thyroid autoantibodies may cross the placenta and sometimes produce, or be associated with, fetal thyroid damage has been investigated by us1 , 3 and others.4 5 6 7 8 Data presented in this report further support this concept and suggest that the occurrence of some cases of athyreotic cretinism is closely associated with, or possibly directly related to, the presence of an autoimmune process in the mother.Material and MethodsPatientsAthyreotic cretinism was determined by history, physical examination and laboratory tests.9 There was no reason to suspect congenital goitrous cretinism in any of the patients.Serum was collected from the mothers of . . .
Book: The Alchemy of Culture: Intoxicants in Society
Authors: C. Drummond
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Richard Rudgley British Museum Press, £9.99, pp 160 ISBN 0714127116 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> A recent resurgence in the debate over legalisation of illicit drugs, notably cannabis, has tended to generate more heat than light. At one extreme, protagonists argue in favour of libertarian values and eschew the interference of the “nanny state.” At the other extreme, a prohibitionist lobby espouses the evils of intoxication and the virtues of abstinence from psychoactive substances. The reasons for a resurgence in this debate are doubtless many and complex. Not least is the apparent powerlessness of governments, law enforcement agencies, customs, and the caring professions to stem the rising … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Alcoholic Beverages in Clinical Medicine
Authors: William Dock
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This useful and scholarly volume presents most of the facts and disposes of many myths and hypotheses about the relations between man and one of his earliest artifacts. It includes the acute and chronic effects of various doses of alcohol; the peculiarities of vinous, cereal, and distilled alcoholic beverages; and the place of drinking in various cultures and social groups. Thirty pages are devoted to the indications for the medicinal use of alcoholic beverages, and five to contraindications.  The essential indication for the use of alcohol by the sick is that it would be a normal item of diet if the patient were well. Doctors differ in evaluating the merit of alcoholic beverages in various disorders. Alcoholic beverages are invaluable in providing calories and aiding the absorption of lipids after gastrectomy, and in making it easier to bear the dread of future complications. They probably have no positive value in
Points: Side effects of benoxaprofen
Authors: D A Fenton, J S English
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A Ledermann and colleagues (12 June, p 1784) reporting thrombocytopenia following benoxaprofen therapy.They state that thrombocytopenia associated with benoxaprofen has not been reported before.We reported thrombocytopenia in association with leucopenia and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a 62- year-old woman after only nine days' treatment with benoxaprofen, and this was published in May 1982.
Letter: Vein stripping.
Authors: D Freedman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

published in the near fuutre.6The pre- liminary results of in vitro lipid haemodialysis utilizing '4C-imipramine indicate a clearance of approximately 20 to 40 ml/min, depending on the type of filter, dialysate, and blood-line system used.-Weare, etc.,
The functional neuroanatomy of inflectional morphology
Authors: Michael T. Ullman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Clahsen has presented an impressive range of psycholinguistic data from German regular and irregular inflection to support the view that lexical memory and the combinatorial operations of grammar are subserved by distinct mental mechanisms. Most of the data are convincing and important. I particularly applaud Clahsen's effort to extend this lexical/grammatical dichotomy from mind to brain. Here I discuss some problems with the evidence presented by Clahsen in support of a neural lexical/grammatical dichotomy, and offer some additional evidence to reinforce this neural distinction.
Sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children and young people: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: M. Sury, I. Bullock, S. Rabar, K. DeMott
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Children often need effective sedation or anaesthesia for minor procedures. Although a wide range of sedation techniques is available, sedation may not always be effective, causing distress and additional cost (related to repeat procedures); some techniques may occasionally cause unintended loss of consciousness with sudden and potentially dangerous airway obstruction and respiratory depression. These problems can be minimised by choosing effective and appropriate techniques and ensuring that healthcare practitioners are trained and able to prevent harm. However, guidance on which technique is effective for specific procedures, and the training and resources needed to deliver them safely, has been absent. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on effective and safe sedation of children and young people undergoing common diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.1 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Assessment, communication, patient information, and consent
Girls should be taught at school about importance of folic acid
Authors: J. Wild, C. J Schorah, K. Maude, M. I Levene
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Last year the Health Education Authority announced that it would be mounting a pounds sterling2.3 million public information campaign, funded by the government, to encourage women to increase their intake of folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy. The campaign aimed at health professionals started last year and the campaign aimed at the general public started this year.1 This is four years after an expert advisory group recommended that a major education programme should be set …
HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND SKIN-DISEASES.*
Authors: GEORG A. ROST
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article HYPERGLYCÆMIA AND SKIN‐DISEASES. Get access GEORG A. ROST, M.D. GEORG A. ROST, M.D. Professor of Dermatology, University of Freiburg i, Br Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 2, 1 February 1932, Pages 57–68, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09571.x Published: 01 February 1932
Sensitization to Ibuprofen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Y. Shoenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Serious side effects, including aseptic meningitis, were noted in several systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients treated with ibuprofen (239:1062, 1978).<sup>1-3</sup>We presently describe a specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to ibuprofen in SLE. The study group consisted of 11 women with SLE—two treated with ibuprofen, while the others never received this agent. Sixteen patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (five of them treated with ibuprofen) as well as ten healthy persons served as control subjects. In seven of the 11 SLE patients, the disease was active at the time of examination, as evidenced by high titers of antinuclear factor, anti-DNA antibodies, and low titers of C3 and C4 complement components. All but one patient were treated with antiinflammatory drugs, including aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, or corticosteroids. In the SLE patients treated with ibuprofen, 800 to 1,200 mg/day, maculopapular skin rashes developed on the trunk and extremities. Fever occurred
Soluble CD14 is a novel monocyte-derived survival factor for chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, which is induced by CLL cells in vitro and present at abnormally high levels in vivo
Authors: Martina Seiffert, Angela Schulz, Sibylle Ohl, Hartmut Döhner, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Peter Lichter
Journal: Blood (2010)
Evidence for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Binding of Thyroxine In Vivo during Acute Infection with Diplococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Frederick R. DeRubertis, Kenneth A. Woeber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Previous work has demonstrated that acute pneumococcal infections in man and in the rhesus monkey are accompanied by accelerated metabolic disposal of L-thyroxine (T(4)). In order to study the influence of acute pneumococcal infection on the kinetics of hormone distribution, the early cellular uptake of T(4) (CT(4)), reflecting the net effect of plasma and cellular binding factors, was assessed in rhesus monkeys from the differences in instantaneous distribution volumes of T(4)-(131)I and albumin-(125)I during the first 60 min after their simultaneous injection. Hepatic and renal uptakes of (131)I were also determined. Plasma binding of T(4) was assessed by measuring the per cent of free T(4) (% FT(4)) in serum. Six monkeys were studied 12 hr (INF-12) and seven 24 hr (INF-24) after intravenous inoculation with Diplococcus pneumoniae; seven controls were inoculated with a heat-killed culture. CT(4) at 60 min as per cent administered dose was 31.5 +/-2.0 (mean +/-SE) in INF-12 and 33.0+/-0.8 in INF-24, values significantly greater than control (22.4+/-1.3). By contrast, mean% FT(4) was identical in control and INF-12 (0.028 +/-0.002 and 0.028 +/-0.001) and variably increased in INF-24 (0.034 +/-0.003). Thus, in the infected monkeys CT(4) and% FT(4) were not significantly correlated. The increased CT(4) in the infected monkeys could not be ascribed to an increase in vascular permeability and did not correlate with the magnitude of fever. Although the increased CT(4) could not be accounted for by increased hepatic or renal uptake of hormone, hepatic and renal T(4) spaces were increased, results consistent with increased binding by these tissues. Our data indicate that the cellular uptake of T(4) is increased early in acute pneumococcal infection and suggest that this results from a primary enhancement of cell-associated binding factors for T(4).
Management of Head Injuries
Authors: John Shillito
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE patient who has received a head injury presents several problems to the managing physician, who may, first of all, have to deal with a comatose patient and support all normally automatic functions such as maintenance of airway, clearing of secretions, changing body position and elimination of wastes. Secondly, he must watch closely for the variable and sometimes elusive signs of delayed effects of the trauma, such as intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral edema.Associated injuries of the scalp, skull and meninges, such as severe external bleeding, depressed fractures and spinal-fluid fistulas, may be present.All these problems are complicated by . . .