tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inotropic and vasodilator effects of amrinone on isolated human tissue
Authors: P. T WILMSHURST, J M. WALKER, C. H FRY, J P. MOUNSEY, C. H C TWORT, B. T WILLIAMS, M. J DAVIES, M. M WEBB-PEPLOE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

The effects of amrinone on human umbilical artery and human myocardium were studied. Amrinone produced dose related increases in tension, dT/dtmax and dT/dtmin in myocardium from patients who were NYHA grade I (n = 1) and II (n = 4). The responses to amrinone of these tissues were similar to the response seen in normal guinea-pig myocardium (n = 34). The drug had no inotropic effect on tissue from NYHA grade III patients (n = 5). The inotropic response of the tissues to amrinone was inversely related to length of history and severity of heart failure in the patients from whom the tissues were obtained. Amrinone caused dose related relaxation of the human umbilical artery. The vasodilator properties, but not the positive inotropic effects of amrinone were detectable at concentrations of the drug obtained during oral therapy (0.4 to 4.0 micrograms X ml-1). These findings support the view that in patients with congestive cardiac failure amrinone acts by vasodilatation with no clinically important positive inotropic effect.
It Would Indeed Be Remarkable-Reply
Authors: Felipe B. Manalo
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In Reply.—  Thank you. We wish to correct the errors in our report entitled Doxorubicin Toxicity, Onycholysis, Plantar Callus Formation, and Epidermolysis. The patient had a right shoulder disarticulation so that  should read palm, and both palms should read left palm.
Death from neostigmine treatment
Authors: T. H. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1969)

BRirISH 557stopping it, but some months later developed identical chorea again, without having re- started the use of the preparation.When examined it was clear that she was in the early stages of pregnancy.Sydenham's chorea is uncommon in young adults these days, and when it does appear in otherwise healthy young women most careful inquiry should be made to determine if they have been taking one of the progestogenoestrogen preparations, for, as these may be prescribed for purposes other than contra- ceptive, the women may not themselves con- sider that they are on the pill.-Iam, etc.,
The Optimal Location of Doctors
Authors: David Hemenway
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

There is a presumption in the health-care literature that doctors in the United States are geographically maldistributed. Yet there has been little discussion of the appropriate way to evaluate patterns of location. This paper discusses four different criteria for determining the optimal geographic distribution of doctors, all of which are implicit in the literature: economic efficiency, maximization of health, equalization of doctor/patient ratios, and equalization of health. A simple example is used to illustrate the different distributions of physicians that each goal may imply. Proper governmental policy fundamentally depends on the exact criterion chosen. I argue that health maximization is the most justifiable objective.
Guns and Adolescent Suicides
Authors: Mark L. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Firearms in the homes of suicidal or potentially suicidal adolescents markedly increase their risk for suicide. In fact, the odds that potentially suicidal adolescents will kill themselves go up 75-fold when a gun is kept in the home. And these are not odds to be taken lightly when you realize that 1372 adolescents aged 13 to 19 years intentionally killed themselves with firearms in 1988.<sup>1</sup>In the face of these incredibly high odds, why is there not more of a public response to the threat of adolescents killing themselves with a gun? Why does the public get outraged about some low-level risks yet remain silent about adolescents committing suicide with firearms, deadly events that happen three to four times every day? Why are we so bad at translating and acting upon information about such risks? Part of the problem may be that, although members of
Lymphedema after Cat-Scratch Fever
Authors: Robert M. Filler, Harry Shwachman, Edward A. Edwards
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Although the mechanism for the production of lymphedema is known in some patients the condition is idiopathic in the majority. Kinmonth and Taylor1 have postulated, on the basis of lymphangiography, that a congenital defect is the probable cause. Homans, Drinker and Field2 had shown, however, that exploration of the iliac lymphatics in patients with idiopathic lymphedema yielded clear evidence of fibrosis of the lymph nodes in that vicinity. One of us (E.A.E.) has likewise explored the iliac lymph nodes in 4 patients and has also found them fibrosed.In view of the fact that acute pyogenic infection has occurred in . . .
Tuberculosis and Response to Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Ezra M. Greenspan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the apparent cure of a disseminated large cell bronchogenic carcinoma, four years after two years of single alkylating agent therapy with lomustine, Gerald J. Vosika, MD (241:594, 1979), overlooked the other fascinating aspect of his therapy. Tuberculosis developed before the lomustine therapy was concluded, and it was treated with antituberculous chemotherapy. This sequence should not be ignored—nor should the reverse, ie, recovery from tuberculosis followed later by development of a cancer that is responsive to chemotherapy followed by long-term control or apparent cure. Among patients surviving four or more years with metastatic breast cancer that is successfully suppressed by chemotherapy, I have observed an inordinate number of patients with calcified lung foci (Ghon) from concentration camp tuberculosis or history of healed tuberculosis. Two middle-aged women with stage III-B ovarian cancer are now cured for seven and 11 years, respectively, after recovering previously from pulmonary tuberculosis. My
Improvement of afterload mismatch of left atrial booster pump function with positive inotropic agent
Authors: Hisanori Sakai, Hideki Kunichika, Kazuya Murata, Kohzaburo Seki, Kazuhiro Katayama, Takafumi Hiro, Toshiro Miura, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
RUBBER GLOVE FOR OPERATIONS ON HAND
Authors: Frank P. Corrigan
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Regarding the useful method of securing a sterile field for operations on the hand by use of rubber gloves, described by Dr. D. C. Patterson, Bridgeport, Conn., inThe Journal, June 4, this method was demonstrated to me by Dr. Alan B. Kanavel of Chicago a number of years ago. Dr. Kanavel may be too modest to claim it, but I believe that he is the originator of the method.
Skin embolism to the lung
Authors: A. E. Hirst
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  Many forms of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases, have traveled through the circulation to become impacted as emboli at some more distant site. The most frequently encountered varieties include thrombi, fat, air, bacteria, and bone marrow, but atheromata, amniotic fluid, starch, cotton fibers, mercury, oil, silicone, catheters, bile, and even bullets have produced embolism. An excellent review of the subject has recently been published by Mehta and Rubenstone. 1   We have been able to find only one previous published case of skin embolism, that reported by Berdnikoff and Couillard. 2 In this instance, death of a newborn infant was attributed to a paradoxical skin embolus to a coronary artery, presumably introduced into the circulation during surgical treatment of a large omphalocele one hour after birth. The authors postulated that the embolus had passed through a patent ductus to reach the left side of the heart where
Pfizer gets a public dressing down over promoting unlicensed drugs
Authors: P. Dinsdale
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The pharmaceutical company Pfizer has been given a rare public reprimand by the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry after being found in breach of the industry's code of conduct.

The Prescription Medicines Code of Practice Authority, which monitors complaints about drug companies, found that Pfizer had been using a team of medical liaison executives to promote unlicensed medicines and to promote off-licence indications for other products.

In its ruling the authority said that “the arrangements …
1033 PHARMACOLOGICAL ANTAGONISM OF THE CHEMOKINE CCL2 (MCP-1) INHIBITS MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION INTO THE LIVER AND EXPERIMENTAL STEATOSIS IN VIVO
Authors: C. Baeck, K. Karlmark, N. Gassier, S. Huss, C. Trautwein, F. Tacke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Prostatism in an Eighteen-Year-Old Boy Due to Infection with<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>
Authors: James R. Tillotson, A. Martin Lerner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS is an acute, subacute or chronic pulmonary, systemic or meningeal mycosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. Involvement of the central nervous system is the most constant feature of systemic torulosis and is usually the cause of death.1 The advent of an effective and specific therapeutic agent, amphotericin B, has made the establishment of an etiologic diagnosis mandatory. Since this micro-organism has been readily isolated from barnyard soil and the excreta of pigeons, including their roosting sites,2 it is probably ubiquitous, and suspicion in the minds of clinicians coupled with a laboratory capable of the isolation and identification of this . . .
THE PRESENT STATUS OF RENAL AND URETERAL SURGERY.
Authors: J. HENRY BARBAT
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The treatment of diseases of the kidneys by surgical means dates back as far as the tenth century when we find that operations were described which had for their object the removal of accumulations in or about the kidney. These operations were permissible only in cases where the disease had been progressing for some time, and where the evidence of the accumulations was plainly visible. During almost ten centuries very little progress was made, and it is only within the last ten or fifteen years that any marked advance has been made in the diagnosis and surgical technique of renal and ureteral affections. The advance in surgical methods was due principally to the improved methods devised for the purpose of making accurate diagnoses. Until a few years ago we were unable to determine positively the presence of calculi in the kidney or ureter before operating, and even at the time
Treatment of Type II Gastric Carcinoid Tumors with Somatostatin Analogues
Authors: Paola Tomassetti, Marina Migliori, Gian Carlo Caletti, Pietro Fusaroli, Roberto Corinaldesi, Lucio Gullo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Gastric carcinoid tumors are rare tumors that originate from gastric enterochromaffin-like cells in the oxyntic mucosa.1 There are three types of gastric carcinoid tumors: type I is associated with chronic atrophic gastritis, type II develops in patients with combined multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, and type III is sporadic.1 Although the pathogenesis of these tumors is not completely understood, hypergastrinemia has an important role in the development of types I and II.2 The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gene locus may be involved in type II gastric carcinoid tumors.3,4 All three types are usually removed . . .
Effects of Nucleotide Composition Bias on the Success of the Parsimony Criterion in Phylogenetic Inference
Authors: Gavin C. Conant, Paul O. Lewis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Convergence in nucleotide composition (CNC) in unrelated lineages is a factor potentially affecting the performance of most phylogeny reconstruction methods. Such convergence has deleterious effects because unrelated lineages show similarities due to similar nucleotide compositions and not shared histories. While some methods (such as the LogDet/paralinear distance measure) avoid this pitfall, the amount of convergence in nucleotide composition necessary to deceive other phylogenetic methods has never been quantified. We examined analytically the relationship between convergence in nucleotide composition and the consistency of parsimony as a phylogenetic estimator for four taxa. Our results show that rather extreme amounts of convergence are necessary before parsimony begins to prefer the incorrect tree. Ancillary observations are that (for unweighted Fitch parsimony) transition/transversion bias contributes to the impact of CNC and, for a given amount of CNC and fixed branch lengths, data sets exhibiting substantial site-to-site rate heterogeneity present fewer difficulties than data sets in which rates are homogeneous. We conclude by reexamining a data set originally used to illustrate the problems caused by CNC. Using simulations, we show that in this case the convergence in nucleotide composition alone is insufficient to cause any commonly used methods to fail, and accounting for other evolutionary factors (such as site-to-site rate heterogeneity) can give a correct inference without accounting for CNC.
Grey scale and power Doppler sonographic changes induced by intra-articular steroid injection treatment
Authors: E Filippucci
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To investigate the ability of high resolution grey scale sonography (GSS) and power Doppler sonography (PDS) to assess short term soft tissue changes induced by intra-articular steroid injection in the small joints of patients with chronic synovitis. <b>Methods:</b> 20 patients with clinically active synovitis of a small joint unresponsive to systemic drug treatment underwent a sonographic guided intralesional injection with triamcinolone acetonide. Clinical examinations were carried out by a trained rheumatologist. GSS and PDS examinations were performed independently by two examiners unaware of the results of the clinical examination. Joint cavity widening and power Doppler signal were evaluated and graded on a semiquantitative scale ranging from 1 to 4. Clinical and sonographic follow up examinations were carried out 2 weeks after the injection with triamcinolone acetonide. <b>Results:</b> All intra-articular injections were successfully carried out and documented under sonographic guidance. In 19/20 patients, baseline sonographic examinations clearly detected morphological and perfusional signs of synovitis. At follow up examinations, clinical and sonographic scores had improved significantly. <b>Conclusion:</b> GSS and PDS appear to be a useful adjunctive tool for assessing short term soft tissue changes induced by intra-articular injection treatment with triamcinolone acetonide in small joints of patients with chronic arthritis.
The Cost of Underutilization
Authors: Peter Doubilet, Herbert L. Abrams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Abstract Despite the considerable literature on the overuse of new medical technologies, little attention has been paid to the biologic and monetary costs that may be incurred by underuse. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as a treatment for peripheral vascular disease is an example of an important technology that has been under-used. Although angioplasty alone is less costly but also less efficacious than surgery, a strategy that combines the two procedures (angioplasty first, then surgery if angioplasty is unsuccessful or if occlusion recurs) is uniformly superior to surgery alone in patients who have lesions for which angioplasty can be considered. From a nationwide perspective, if 40 per cent of all patients with iliac or femoral disease (or both) requiring intervention were treated with the combined strategy, there would be an estimated savings (as compared with surgery alone) of 352 lives and $82 million, as well as an additional 5006 patent limbs. Despite these advantages, the use of angioplasty during the period under consideration (up to 1980) was limited, possibly because of the mechanism of patient triage and the inertial forces that operate when a therapeutic method that appears effective — even if more complex and hazardous than a newer approach — has been widely applied. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:95–102.)
Endoscopic band ligation for the treatment of bleeding colonic and ileal diverticula
Authors: N. Ishii, M. Uemura, T. Itoh, N. Horiki, T. Setoyama, M. Matsuda, S. Suzuki, Y. Iizuka, K. Fukuda, Y. Fujita
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding accounts for about a fifth of all gastrointestinal bleeding cases, and generally has a less severe course and stops spontaneously in most cases (80 % – 85 %) [1] [2] [3]. However, some patients require endoscopic, surgical, or angiographic treatment, depending on the nature of the bleed [4]. Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is effective for the treatment of both variceal and nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding [5]. Here we report our experiences of using EBL in the treatment of bleeding colonic and ileal diverticula.
The Nuremberg Code, Informed Consent, and Involuntary Treatment
Authors: Thomas N. Tiedt
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As Dr Grodin and Mr Annas<sup>1</sup>mention, another area wherein the Nuremberg Code is not merely World War II history is the especially difficult situation in which the informed consent mandate is waived by government agencies for active-duty soldiers because of presumed battlefield exigencies—as was the case when Gulf War troops were ordered to take pyridostigmine for an experimental purpose. This waiver and the process by which it was accomplished compel serious examination. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) informed consent waiver was based on production of safety and efficacy data for pyridostigmine as a protective agent against nerve gas attack. Several animal studies have documented the dangers of pyridostigmine and its futility to protect against nerve gas exposure.<sup>2</sup>In addition, FDA's Investigational New Drug (IND) approval required coadministration of atropine, the actual protectant against nerve gas lethality. In fact, however, atropine was not administered. The US Department
ß1 AND ß2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS POLYMORPHISM IN PATIENTS WITH TAKO-TSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Olga Vriz, Rosalba Minisini, Valentina Guerra, Rodolfo Citro, Carmela Zito, Giuseppe De Luca, Daniela Pavan, Mario Pirisi, Giuseppe Limongelli, Eduardo Bossone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
NICE consults on first national guideline on ovarian cancer
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

GPs should initiate tests for ovarian cancer for women with frequent and persistent abdominal symptoms to reduce the delays in diagnosis that currently contribute to poor survival, says draft guidance on the cancer for the NHS in England and Wales. 

“Overall survival rates for ovarian cancer are low,” said Fergus Macbeth, director of the Centre for Clinical Practice at the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), which has developed the new guideline. “Only around one in three women will live for at least five years after diagnosis. This is mainly because women who develop ovarian cancer and their GPs often only realise …
Relationship of serum TCDD concentrations and age at exposure of female residents of Seveso, Italy.
Authors: Brenda Eskenazi, Paolo Mocarelli, Marcella Warner, Larry Needham, Donald G Patterson, Steven Samuels, Wayman Turner, Pier Mario Gerthoux, Paolo Brambilla
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

In 1976, a chemical plant explosion near Seveso, Italy, resulted in the highest known exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in residential populations. In 1996, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS), a historical cohort study of females who were 40 years old at the time of explosion and residents of the most heavily contaminated areas, zones A and B. Serum samples collected near the time of the explosion were analyzed for TCDD. We also analyzed pooled serum samples collected in 1976 from females who resided in zone non-ABR, the "unexposed" zone, to assess concurrent background exposures to other dioxins, furans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The median lipid-adjusted TCDD level for residents of zones A and B combined was 56 ppt (range = 2.5-56,000 ppt). Zone A residents had 5-fold higher TCDD levels (n = 67, median = 272 ppt) than did zone B residents (n = 814, median = 47 ppt). The youngest children had the highest TCDD levels, which decreased with age at explosion until approximately 13 years of age and were constant thereafter. Therefore, children living in zones A and B received a disproportionately higher exposure to TCDD as a result of the explosion. Zone of residence and age were the strongest predictors of TCDD level. Chloracne, nearby animal mortality, location (outdoors vs. indoors) at the time of explosion, and consumption of homegrown food were also related to serum TCDD levels. The serum pools from zone non-ABR residents had an average TCDD concentration of 20.2 ppt, and average total toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentration of 100.4 ppt. Therefore, background exposure to dioxins, furans, and PCBs unrelated to the explosion may have been substantial. As a consequence, previous SWHS studies that considered only TCDD exposure may have underestimated health effects due to total TEQ concentrations.
Lenalidomide, bortezomib, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a phase 1/2 Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium trial
Authors: Andrzej J. Jakubowiak, Kent A. Griffith, Donna E. Reece, Craig C. Hofmeister, Sagar Lonial, Todd M. Zimmerman, Erica L. Campagnaro, Robert L. Schlossman, Jacob P. Laubach, Noopur S. Raje, Tara Anderson, Melissa A. Mietzel, Colleen K. Harvey, Sandra M. Wear, Jennifer C. Barrickman, Craig L. Tendler, Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Susan L. Kelley, Mark S. Kaminski, Kenneth C. Anderson, Paul G. Richardson
Journal: Blood (2011)
Is visceral fat accumulation really an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after curative treatment in patients with suspected NASH?
Authors: G-H Lo
Journal: Gut (2010)

I read with interest the article demonstrating that visceral fat accumulation (VFA) is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after curative treatment in patients with suspected non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by Ohki et al published in Gut .1 The authors assessed the recurrence of HCC ascribed to NASH in patients as an aetiological factor …
Severe Hypertension Treated with Ganglion-blocking Drugs in a General Hospital
Authors: J. D. K. North, J. C. P. Williams, R. N. Howie
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Ganglion-blocking drugs have enabled physicians to lower the blood-pressure of patients with severe hypertension.Reports from specialized units have shown that the life expectancy of patients with malignant hypertension can be improved by this treatment (Smirk, 1954; Barnett, 1956; Dustan et al., 1958; Perry and Schroeder, 1958; Harington et al., 1959).The enthusiasm of physicians particularly interested in this problem has been thought by many to play an important part in the results achieved by these units, and it has been implied that treatment in general hospitals will be disappointing in comparison.