tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development and Characterization of a Novel <i>In vivo</i> Model of Carcinoid Syndrome
Authors: Lindsey N. Jackson, L. Andy Chen, Shawn D. Larson, Scott R. Silva, Piotr G. Rychahou, Paul J. Boor, Jing Li, Gilberto DeFreitas, W. Lane Stafford, Courtney M. Townsend, B. Mark Evers
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Carcinoid syndrome, characterized by flushing, diarrhea, and valvular heart disease, can occur following carcinoid tumor metastasis to the liver and systemic release of bioactive hormones into the systemic circulation. Treatment of this devastating disease is hampered by the lack of an in vivo model that recapitulates the clinical syndrome.Here, we have injected BON cells, a novel human carcinoid cell line established in our laboratory, into the spleens of athymic nude mice to establish liver metastases.The majority of mice injected intrasplenically with BON cells developed significant increases in plasma serotonin and urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and several mice exhibited mesenteric fibrosis, diarrhea, and fibrotic cardiac valvular disease reminiscent of carcinoid syndrome by both echocardiographic and histopathologic evaluation. Mice pretreated with octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analogue, or bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, developed fewer liver metastases and manifestations of carcinoid syndrome, including valvular heart disease.We have provided an important in vivo model to further delineate novel treatment modalities for carcinoid syndrome that will also be useful to elucidate the factors contributing to the sequelae of carcinoid disease (e.g., mesenteric fibrosis and valvular heart disease).
A MUSCLE INDICATOR FOR PLOTTING OUT THE FIELD OF DIPLOPIA AND VISUALIZING THE POSITION OF THE MUSCLE INVOLVED WITH FACE TURNING AND HEAD TILTING
Authors: Edwin B. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In 1922, at the March meeting of the Ophthalmic Section of the College of Physicians, Philadelphia, I presented the original model of the muscle indicator. From the favorable comments made by the fellows at that time, I was encouraged to complete the apparatus. It is not intended that this apparatus take the place of the study of the ocular muscles, but that it be used as a reference to help visualize conditions as they exist. It can be held in the hand in the presence of the patient, and will help to pick out quickly and accurately the muscle or muscles at fault. The classification employed is that according to Duane. Both right and left turners are shown on the central part of arm A, the white line representing the true image and the red the false image. The right turners are the right external rectus and the left internal
The Physician’s Responsibility under the New Medicare Reimbursement for Hospice Care
Authors: Howard Brody, Joanne Lynn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

New legislation to provide Medicare reimbursement for hospice care1 has created problems for physicians who are involved in the treatment of the terminally ill. Under current proposals,2 hospice services will be reimbursed by a certain amount per patient day, according to four categories of level of care, and for a maximum of 210 days. At 210 days, reimbursement will cease, but the hospice program will not be allowed to discharge the patient. The Medicare hospice benefit requires physicians to certify that their patients have six months or less to live before the patients are considered candidates for hospice care; under . . .
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTOLOGY OF THE CYLINDEOMATOUS TUMOURS OF THE SCALP
Authors: J. H. TWISTON DAVIES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1928)

Journal Article A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTOLOGY OF THE CYLINDEOMATOUS TUMOURS OF THE SCALP Get access J. H. TWISTON DAVIES, M.B. J. H. TWISTON DAVIES, M.B. Dermatologist, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 40, Issue 6, 1 June 1928, Pages 241–246, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1928.tb13654.x Published: 01 June 1928
Painful vs Painless Cost Control
Authors: Kevin Grumbach
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Dr Joshua Worthy is chief of neurology at a large staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) and serves as the physician representative to the HMO's executive committee. Other members of the executive committee include the hospital and HMO plan chief executive officers (CEOs), representatives of nursing and other staff, and members of the HMO's consumer board of directors. A national health plan has just been enacted that imposes mandatory cost controls. The HMO's budget for the coming year will be frozen at virtually the current-year level, allowing adjustment only for the rate of overall inflation of the US consumer price index—an increase of 1% to 2%. In past years, the annual growth in the HMO's budget has averaged 12% to 15%. The health plan CEO begins the committee meeting by groaning, "These cuts are draconian! To meet these new budget limits we'll have to cut staff and ration lifesaving procedures. Patients
Prognostic Significance of Raynaud's Phenomenon and Other Clinical Characteristics of Systemic Scleroderma
Authors: RICHARD G. FARMER, RAY W. GIFFORD, EDGAR A. HINES
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Two hundred seventy-one patients with unequivocal systemic scleroderma for whom the diagnosis was first established at the Mayo Clinic between January 1, 1945, and December 31, 1952, have been studied. Follow-up information was obtained 5 to 13 years after the diagnosis at the clinic concerning 236 of these patients, 115 of whom were dead. The cases were analyzed in an effort to determine what factors had a bearing on prognosis. The following seemed to bear little relation to the ultimate prognosis: sex, mode of onset, Raynaud's phenomenon, involvement of lungs and periodontal membrane, calcinosis cutis, and trophic changes. The following were considered poor prognostic omens: cardiac or renal involvement, significant elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and anemia. The prognosis in systemic scleroderma was found to be worse than previous reports had indicated. This study yielded no basis for the subdivision of systemic scleroderma into acrosclerosis and generalized progressive scleroderma.
Serum Cholesterol—Lowering Activity of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: Stephen D. Nimer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells and enhances the functional activity of mature myeloid effector cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was administered to eight patients with severe aplastic anemia in an attempt to restore adequate hematopoiesis. Profound decreases in serum cholesterol concentrations were observed during GM-CSF therapy that were not dependent on changes in the patients' peripheral blood cell counts. Serum cholesterol levels decreased by an average of 37% during treatment, reaching levels of less than 4.40 mmol/L in all patients. Serum cholesterol concentrations returned to baseline in all patients after discontinuation of GM-CSF therapy. Treatment with GM-CSF prominently alters cholesterol homeostasis in vivo, although the mechanism of this effect is unknown. Our results suggest that GM-CSF may be potentially useful in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and, possibly, in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Malaria in Nottingham children.
Authors: N Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1977)

In five and a half years 16 children were admitted to hospital in Nottingham suffering from malaria. Thirteen cases were caused by Plasmodium vivax and two by P falciparum, and in one the type was not identified. All were children of immigrant parents, predominantly from Pakistan, although most were born in England but had been visiting Asia. Three children were ill on or soon after arrival, but in the others the onset of symptoms was delayed by up to nine months. All made an uneventful recovery, although two children with P vivax infections had a further relapse after chloroquine treatment only. The question "Where have you been?" should be put to all immigrant parents whose children have a febrile illness. Agencies who provide travel for Asian immigrant families returning home for a visit should be encouraged to provide instructions about malaria prophylaxis.
Similarities of ergonovine-induced and spontaneous attacks of variant angina.
Authors: R C Curry, C J Pepine, M B Sabom, C R Conti
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Ergonovine has been shown to provoke attacks of variant angina, but a question remains whether spontaneous and ergonovine-induced attacks of variant angina are similar. Seven patients with variant angina undergoing cardiac catheterization were studied during transient episodes of spontaneous and ergonovine-induced rest angina with ST-segment elevation. Clinical, electrocardiographic, left ventricular hemodynamic and coronary angiographic observations were made before and repeated after ergonovine (0.05-0.2 mg I.V.). The character and duration of chest pain were similar during both spontaneous and ergonovine-induced episodes. ST-segment elevation (greater than 1 mm) was present inferiorly in three patients, anteriorly in three patients, and both inferiorly and anteriorly in one patient during both episodes. Mean heart rate and systolic arterial pressure changed little, while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased significantly during spontaneous or ergonovine-induced attacks. We observed subtotal or total dynamic obstruction in the left anterior descending (three patients), right coronary arteries (three patients) and both arteries in one patient during both attacks. Thus, in selected patients ergonovine-induced attacks of variant angina were remarkably similar to spontaneous episodes.
Transgenic mice expressing soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor are protected against bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency.
Authors: P Ammann, R Rizzoli, J P Bonjour, S Bourrin, J M Meyer, P Vassalli, I Garcia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) in bone loss resulting from estrogen deficiency, the effects of ovariectomy were explored in six-month-old transgenic mice expressing high blood levels of a soluble TNF receptor type I (sTNFR1)-FcIgG3 fusion protein, which neutralizes TNF alpha, and in their nontransgenic littermates used as controls. These transgenic mice were identical to control mice in bone mass (evaluated by bone mineral density and content) and strength. 12 weeks after ovariectomy, the decrease in bone mass and increase in osteocalcin (marker of bone turnover) found in control mice were not observed in transgenic mice, which were not different from sham-operated mice, transgenic or not. This observation suggests a critical role for TNF alpha in the pathogenesis of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency, a common cause of morbidity in postmenopausal women.
A Comedy of Errors
Authors: F. Stanford Massie
Journal: JAMA (1966)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— A back-check on Fontana, Holt, and Mainland shows an unusual error. Their Fig 8 was taken from Lowell and Franklin's Fig 7 (J Allergy34:177, 1963). But they reversed everything, mislabelling the A and A' groups as placebos, when they were the treated groups, and the B and B' groups as those treated with allergen injections, whereas they had been Lowell and Franklin's control groups. However, they came out with a valid, albeit garbled, interpretation when they said that six of 33 patients fared better than the controls. What they should have said was that six of the controls fared worse than the treated. Further, the A,A′ group shows 35 patients, and the B,B′ group 38. Lowell and Franklin's letter to the editor shows they had seen the Fontana et al manuscript but did not complain of this mistake. Curiously, there is no absolute
Fatal Agranulocytosis Associated with Acetazolamide
Authors: F. G. Hoffman, S. L. Zimmerman, J. D. Reese
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IN a recent study of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, a low order of toxicity was reported for this group of compounds.1 Confirmation of this observation is supported by only two previous reports of serious side effects.2 , 3 The following case represents the third reported incident of agranulocytosis associated with the administration of acetazolamide.Case ReportA 68-year-old man was readmitted to this hospital on December 6, 1958, with the chief complaint of recurrent shortness of breath. He had been observed previously at this hospital and discharged with the diagnoses of obstructive pulmonary emphysema, latent syphilis and syphilitic aortic aneurysm. An upper-respiratory-tract . . .
Marked Synergism In Vitro with the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LBH-589 and Classical Agents: Potential New Leads for Combination Therapy.
Authors: D. Budman, A. Calabro, J. Tai
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Clinical studies of new agents with targeted effects have been tempered by the poor single agent activity in solid tumors of most of these agents with the exception of trastuzumab and lapatinib. In addition, off-target effects may also play a role in their anti-cancer activities so their putative mechanism of action may not be applicable. As a consequence, a combinatorial approach of combining agents has been employed in the clinic with little regard of whether or not the combination may display synergy or antagonism. As over 400 drugs are in development, the clinical trials mechanism can only evaluate a paucity of agents. Methods: We have employed median effect analysis of drugs applied to human cancer cells in short term log phase culture, combined with curve shift analysis, to identify potential interesting combinations(such as tyrosine kinase dual Her2/EGFR inhibitors with capecitabine)and to discard antagonistic combinations (AntiCancer Drugs. 17: 921-928, 2006). This technique allows schedule to be examined and up to three agents combined simultaneously. The following human breast cancer cell lines were used: MCF7/wt (ER+), MCF7/adr (ER-, Her2+ multiply resistant), BT474 (ER+, Her2+), SK-BR3 (ER-, P53 mutant, Her2+), HCC-1395 (triple negative), and HTB-25 (triple negative). LBH-589 (gift of Novartis USA)is a histone deacetylase inhibitor in clinical trials with broad biological effects including perturbation of survivin, pro-apoptotic effects, induction of differentiation, and non cycle dependent effects (Int J Ca 121: 1138, 2007). Results: This agent was combined with more classical agents. Synergism (CI at Fa50 &amp;lt; 1.0) was noted for doublets combined with either carboplatin (6/6 cell lines) docetaxel(5/6 cell lines), 5'DFUR (6/6 cell lines), doxorubicin (5/6 cell lines), and the triplets examined. Her2 antagonists such as trastuzumab or GW282974X (lapatinib analogue) were not enhanced by co-treatments with LBH-589. CI values are shown for the triplets. Only SK-BR3 demonstrated resistance with one combination.Conclusions: This data suggests several innovative combinations which might have greater efficacy than traditional therapy. A doublet of LBH589 with gemcitabine or a triplet are most attractive. Supported in part by the Don Monti Foundation, the Donna Dennis Foundation, and NCI CA 35279. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5061.
Rheology of Leukocytes, Leukocyte Suspensions, and Blood in Leukemia POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP TO CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Authors: Marshall A. Lichtman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Suspensions of leukemic lymphocytes and myeloblasts and blood of leukemic patients were studied to examine (a) the effect of leukemic cells on blood viscosity and (b) the ability of leukemic cells to traverse channels of capillary diameter. The viscosity of suspensions of leukemic cells was dependent logarithmically on (a) shear strain rate and (b) cytocrit, although, suspensions of small lymphocytes and of myeloblasts had a similar viscosity at equivalent shear rates and cytocrit. The minimum apparent viscosity (MAV) of leukemic cells and red blood cells, measured over shear rates of 2.3-230 s-1 was dependent logarithmically on cytocrit. However, MAV was slightly greater for leukemic cells than for red cells at cytocrits up to 20%. At cytocrits above 20%. MAV of leukemic cells increased more rapidly than that of erythrocytes. For example, at a 15% cytocrit MAVWBC (1.85 centipoise) was only slightly greater than MAVRBC (1.59); whereas, at 45% cytocrit MAVWBC (14.9) was markedly greater than MAVRBC (3.81).
Low dendritic cell count after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation predicts relapse, death, and acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Vijay Reddy, Jose A. Iturraspe, Alessandra C. Tzolas, Herwig-Ulf Meier-Kriesche, Jesse Schold, John R. Wingard
Journal: Blood (2004)
Paradoxical self-deception: Maybe not so paradoxical after all
Authors: Stephanie L. Brown, Douglas T. Kenrick
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The simultaneous possession of conflicting beliefs is both possible and logical within current models of human cognition. Specifically, evidence of lateral inhibition and state-dependent memory suggests a means by which conflicting beliefs can coexist without requiring “mental exotica.” We suggest that paradoxical self-deception enables the self-deceiver to store important information for use at a later time.
Treatment of Acute Stroke
Authors: Gregory J. del Zoppo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1990Treatment of Acute StrokeGregory J. del Zoppo, MD, Anthony Furlan, MD, Werner Hacke, MDGregory J. del Zoppo, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Anthony Furlan, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Werner Hacke, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-9-713_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: We read with admiration the recent editorial of Barsan and colleagues (1) regarding their experience with "trauma-style" approaches to early treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Clearly, entry of patients within 90 minutes of symptom onset requires an efficient and labor-intensive accrual system, currently available in few communities. Although we agree that "early treatment should be a priority in future treatment trials of acute ischemic stroke," several significant and practical limitations revealed by recent acute stroke trials should not be overlooked.Clinical trials of acute stroke should be based on rational, clinically testable hypotheses and therapeutic approaches. For...References1. BarsanBrottOlingerMarler WTCJ. Early treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:449-51. LinkGoogle Scholar2. del ZoppoFerbertOtis GAS. Local intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy in acute carotid territory stroke: a pilot study. Stroke. 1988; 19:307-13. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MoriTabuchiYoshidaYamadori EMTA. Intracarotid urokinase with thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Stroke. 1988;19:802-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HackeZeumerFerbertBruckmanndel Zoppo WHAHG. Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy improves outcome in patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. Stroke. 1988;19:1216-22. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. An open multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of various doses of rt-PA in patients with acute stroke: preliminary results The t-PA/Acute Stroke Study Group. [Abstract]. Stroke. 1988;19:134. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNeuro-Intensive Care Units and Management of Acute Stroke Patients: Benefits and Limitations 1 May 1990Volume 112, Issue 9Page: 713-713KeywordsClinical trialsForecastingIschemic strokeStroke Issue Published: 1 May 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Less small airway dysfunction in asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness than in asthma
Authors: I. M. Boudewijn, E. D. Telenga, E. van der Wiel, T. van der Molen, L. Schiphof, N. H. T. ten Hacken, D. S. Postma, M. van den Berge
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Background Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) can be present in subjects without any respiratory symptoms. Little is known about the role of the small airways in asymptomatic subjects with BHR. Methods We investigated small airway function assessed by spirometry and impulse oscillometry, as well as Borg dyspnea scores at baseline and during a methacholine provocation test in 15 subjects with asymptomatic BHR, 15 asthma patients, and 15 healthy controls. Results At baseline, small airway function (R5–R20 and X5) was comparable between subjects with asymptomatic BHR and healthy controls, whereas asthma patients showed small airway dysfunction as reflected by higher R5–R20 and lower X5 values. During methacholine provocation, small airway dysfunction was more severe in asthma patients than in subjects with asymptomatic BHR. Interestingly, a higher increase in small airway dysfunction during methacholine provocation was associated with a higher increase in Borg dyspnea scores in subjects with asymptomatic BHR, but not in asthma patients. Conclusion Subjects with asymptomatic BHR may experience fewer symptoms in daily life because they have less small airway dysfunction.
THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER, WITH REPORTS OF TWO CASES OF CONGENITAL DIVERTICULA.
Authors: LEONARD FREEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chronic imflammation of the bladder is practically always due to microörganisms, the one most often encountered being the bacillus coli communis, which exists normally in such abundance in the intestinal canal. The gonococcus, the tubercle bacillus, the typhoid bacillus, the various pyogenic bacteria, etc., are also frequently found. It should never be forgotten that it is not a calculus, an enlarged prostate. a tumor, or a quantity of residual urine which is the direct cause of an inflammation, but the bacteria which have in some manner gained entrance to the bladder in presence of these conditions. Even a cancer does not produce inflammatory symptoms until infection has taken place. I had recently under my care an old gentleman with vesical carcinoma, whose urine remained free from pus for a considerable time after the growth began. It is possible for germs to enter the bladder through the kidneys, the urethra, and
Non-BAC Component but not Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Small Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Naruyuki Kobayashi, Shinichi Toyooka, Kouichi Ichimura, Junichi Soh, Hiromasa Yamamoto, Keitaro Matsuo, Hiroki Otani, Masaru Jida, Takafumi Kubo, Kazunori Tsukuda, Katsuyuki Kiura, Yoshifumi Sano, Hiroshi Date
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
HIV-1 gp120-induced migration of dendritic cells is regulated by a novel kinase cascade involving Pyk2, p38 MAP kinase, and LSP1
Authors: Appakkudal R. Anand, Anil Prasad, Ritu R. Bradley, Yadwinder S. Deol, Tirumuru Nagaraja, Xianghui Ren, Ernest F. Terwilliger, Ramesh K. Ganju
Journal: Blood (2009)