tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From the Museum: the Art of Thinking
Authors: Tom Kotsimbos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it 

– Aristotle

Art is a lie that enables us to realise the truth 

– Picasso

It is with great pleasure and a sense of adventure that we introduce a new feature in this month's European Respiratory Journal [1] focusing on the creative arts as essential complements to the scientific method in the never-ending quest of knowing our world.

The primary purpose of this series over the next 12 months will be to use key pieces of revolutionary European art spanning the last 500 years to anchor “musings” on the “Art of Thinking” and spark cross-disciplinary conversations, insights and extrapolations between the Arts, Science and Philosophy.

From the outset, our challenge is to elevate your “thinking about thinking” and to creatively engage with new thought as it both defined and was derivative of the human mind during key periods of European artistic and scientific development commencing with Renaissance awakenings, through the passions of the Romantic age, Enlightenment's revelations and the powers of Symbolism, culminating in Modern art's abstractions. The specific artworks selected for this series can be considered revolutionary …
P186 Mast cell mediators stimulate human airway smooth muscle growth, a feature of airway remodelling in asthma via matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1) activity
Authors: S Naveed, D Shaw, SR Johnson
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and Objective</h3> : Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and infiltration by mast cells are key features of airway remodelling in asthma. We tested a hypothesis to investigate the relationship between ASM growth, mast cell mediators and the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-1 activity. <h3>Methods</h3> : Primary ASM cultures were derived from a healthy subject. ASM cells were cultured for up to 2 days firstly in the presence and then in absence of serum and treated with conditioned media either collected from activated mast cells cultures or inactive/ unstimulated mast cells cultures. Mast cells were grown in suspension and activated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) to release serine proteases such as histamine, beta-tryptase and chymase etc. We also performed western blots to determine MMP-1 activity in the supernatants of ASM cultures. <h3>Results</h3> ASM cells treated with stimulated mast cells conditioned media showed increased cell proliferation by almost 2 folds after 48 hours of incubation under serum free conditions confirmed by cell counting and MTT assay in comparison with untreated airway smooth muscle cells or ASM cells treated with inactive/ unstimulated mast cells culture media. Furthermore our experiments showed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP -1) levels and activity was significantly increased in ASM cultures treated with activated mast cells as compared to other two control conditions as mentioned earlier. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings clearly indicate role of mast cell proteases in ASM proliferation and therefore airway remodeling in asthma, a mechanism that perhaps is modulated by MMP-1 activity. We further suggest that the pathway will prove susceptible to pharmacological intervention for treatment of chronic asthma.
TRAVEL NOTES.VIII. MEDICAL AFFAIRS IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
Authors: NICHOLAS SENN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

icians at an early date, and in the Supervising Sur¬ geon's annual report for 1873 exhaustive reports were made by tne surgeons in charge at JNeAV York, J\ew Or¬ leans, Pensacela, Memplús, ¡Shreveport, Mobile and other ports where yellow fever had appeared.These reports were made in response to an order issued by the Supei vising Burgeon and, together with the Public- Health Reports, contain the only compiete record of yellow fever epidemics in the United States, as well as valuable information concerning modes of introduction, mortality, relation oí yelioAV fever to dengue, and meth¬ ods of preventing its spread.The service as reorganized controlled Avholly or in part epidemics of yelioAV fever in the United States in
Effects of drugs on mucus clearance
Authors: E. Houtmeyers, R. Gosselink, G. Gayan-Ramirez, M. Decramer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Mucociliary clearance (MCC), the process in which airway mucus together with substances trapped within are moved out of the lungs, is an important defence mechanism of the human body. Drugs may alter this process, such that it is necessary to know the effect of the drugs on MCC. Indeed, agents stimulating MCC may be used therapeutically in respiratory medicine, especially in patients suspected of having an impairment of their mucociliary transport system. In contrast, caution should be taken with drugs depressing MCC as an undesired side-effect, independently of their therapeutic indication. Since cough clearance (CC) serves as a back-up system when MCC fails, the influence of drugs must be examined not only on MCC but also on CC. Ultimately, the clinical repercussions of alterations in mucus transport induced by drug administration must be studied. Tertiary ammonium compounds (anticholinergics), aspirin, anaesthetic agents and benzodiazepines have been shown to be capable of depressing the mucociliary transport system. Cholinergics, methylxanthines, sodium cromoglycate, hypertonic saline, saline as well as water aerosol have been shown to increase MCC. Adrenergic antagonists, guaifenesin, S-carboxymethylcysteine, sodium 2-mercapto-ethane sulphonate and frusemide have been reported not to alter the mucociliary transport significantly. Amiloride, uridine 59-triphosphate (UTP), quaternary ammonium compounds (anticholinergics), adrenergic agonists, corticosteroids, recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase), N-acetylcysteine, bromhexine and ambroxol have been reported either not to change or to augment MCC. Indirect data suggest that surfactant as well as antibiotics may improve the mucociliary transport system. As for the influence of drugs on CC, amiloride and rhDNase have been demonstrated to increase the effectiveness of cough. A trend towards an improved CC was noted after treatment with adrenergic agonists. The anticholinergic agent ipratropium bromide, which is a quaternary ammonium compound, has been suggested to decrease CC significantly. Bromhexine, ambroxol and neutral saline seemed not to alter CC, either positively or negatively. Finally, treatment with either amiloride, recombinant human deoxyribonuclease, bromhexine, ambroxol, N-acetylcysteine, S-carboxymethylcysteine or hypertonic saline has been suggested as a possible cause of clinical improvement in patients, such as the experience of dyspnoea, the case of expectoration or the frequency of infective exacerbations. Other agents did not show a clinical benefit.
Glucose Tolerance in Gestational Diabetic Women during and after Treatment with a Combination-Type Oral Contraceptive
Authors: Andrew John Szabo, Harold S. Cole, Richard D. Grimaldi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Oral glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed periodically in 15 women who had shown abnormal tolerance to glucose in the third trimester, but who had normal tolerance after delivery. Five received a combination of norethindrone, 1 mg, and mestranol, 0.05 mg, as an oral contraceptive cyclically; 10 who practiced other methods of contraception served as controls. Abnormal glucose tolerance recurred in all five women while they were taking the oral contraceptive agent. After cessation of contraceptive therapy, GTT remained diabetic in three cases; GTT temporarily improved, but became abnormal again in the fourth. The fifth patient was lost to follow-up observation after discontinuing contraceptive pills. Three out of the 10 controls showed deterioration of the GTT. Screening tests for diabetes should be performed in the third trimester of pregnancy, or early during contraceptive treatment, as an attempt to identify women with latent diabetes and exclude them from hormonal birth control.
An Introduction to the Voluntary Sector
Authors: N. Bosanquet
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed Justin Davis Smith, Colin Rochester, Rodney Hedley Routledge, pounds sterling13.99, pp 260 ISBN 0 415 09922 6

In the past family doctors could go for months, and hospital doctors years, without much contact with voluntary organisations: now this is set to change. An Introduction to the Voluntary Sector shows how the role of voluntary organisations in society has already shown surprising growth, and there may be more to come.

Voluntary organisations have had to live with the paradox that they depend as much on the government for funding and approval as on local grassroots effort. Voluntary …
Progesterone Antagonizes the Vasoprotective Effect of Estrogen on Antioxidant Enzyme Expression and Function
Authors: Kerstin Wassmann, Sven Wassmann, Georg Nickenig
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and can be effectively influenced by radical scavenging enzymes. Estrogens exert antioxidative effects in the vasculature; however, cotreatment with progesterone may abrogate the vasoprotective effects of estrogen. Therefore, the effects of progesterone on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression and function of antioxidant and oxidant enzymes were investigated in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular tissue of mice. Progesterone time- and concentration-dependently downregulated extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression and enzyme activity and reversed 17β-estradiol–induced overexpression of ecSOD and MnSOD in VSMCs. Nuclear run-on assays revealed that progesterone decreases MnSOD and ecSOD transcription rates. Consequently, progesterone increased ROS release in VSMCs that was prevented by concomitant treatment with 17β-estradiol. Estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized mice was associated with an increase in vascular superoxide release and NADPH oxidase activity. Estrogen replacement prevented this increase, whereas progesterone substitution enhanced ROS production and NADPH oxidase activity. The modulation of superoxide release coincided with decreased expression of ecSOD and MnSOD and upregulation of the p22phox and p67phox subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex in progesterone-treated animals. Furthermore, administration of progesterone to ovariectomized mice treated with 17β-estradiol abrogated the antioxidative effects of estrogen. Progesterone antagonizes the vasoprotective effects of estrogen on ecSOD and MnSOD expression and increases NADPH oxidase activity. These findings may in part explain why hormone replacement therapy with estrogen plus progesterone displayed no beneficial effect on cardiovascular event rates in the prospective clinical trials.
Request for Complementary Medicine After Brain Death—Reply
Authors: Arthur Isak Applbaum
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Spouses' Programme
Authors: Michael A. LaCombe
Journal: JAMA (1990)

There are few conjugal duties I take more seriously than the escorting of a beautiful woman through the surging sea of testosterone that is an orthopedic convention. There were at last count some 15 000 members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 105 of whom are women, among them my wife. Imagine Meryl Streep at a meeting of the French Actors' Guild and you will approximate my situation. It was in this pitch of devotional fever that I found myself waiting for a three-hour lecture on diseases of the tarsal navicula, with my altogether-too-attractive, and overdressed, bride. As the lecture hall began to fill with the scent of Aqua Velva, I decided to seize the remaining few minutes before class time to drill myself in the subtle maneuvers of Tae Kwon Do, as is my daily discipline. Occupying a side aisle and attentive lest anyone stumble into one of
Autoantibodies to the low density lipoprotein receptor in a subject affected by severe hypercholesterolemia.
Authors: A Corsini, P Roma, D Sommariva, R Fumagalli, A L Catapano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We studied a 32-yr-old man with a benign paraproteinemia (IgA) affected by severe nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia. In vitro experiments demonstrated that lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS) from the patient inhibited the binding of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to human skin fibroblasts cultured in vitro (up to 70%) whereas LPDS from controls had no effect. Removal of IgA from the patient's serum by immunoprecipitation with mono-specific antisera abolished the inhibition of LDL binding. IgA isolated from the serum of the patient by affinity chromatography inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the binding of LDL to human skin fibroblasts in vitro, thus showing an IgA-mediated effect. Ligand-blotting experiments demonstrated that the paraprotein directly interacts with the LDL receptor, thus inhibiting the binding of the lipoprotein. Treatment of the receptor protein with reducing agents blocked the interaction of the antibody with the LDL receptor. From these data we speculate that this autoantibody may be responsible for the severe nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia of the patient.
Cardiovascular Effects of Sustained Norepinephrine Infusions. III. Lactic Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme Release
Authors: Eric A. Schenk, Robert Galbreath, Arthur J. Moss
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Infusion of norepinephrine (NE) in dogs in doses of 1 to 4 µg/kg/min resulted in a rapid and dose related increase in serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and those isoenzymes of LDH present in the heart. Histochemically definable lesions in the heart were correlated with the isoenzyme release produced by 2 and 4 µg/kg/min NE infusion. Evidence of LDH isoenzyme release from organs other than the heart was found only in dogs in the highest dose group that, in addition, had evidence of low cardiac output.
Catalase deficiency renders remnant kidneys more susceptible to oxidant tissue injury and renal fibrosis in mice
Authors: Mizuho Kobayashi, Hitoshi Sugiyama, Da-Hong Wang, Naomi Toda, Yohei Maeshima, Yasushi Yamasaki, Noriyoshi Masuoka, Masao Yamada, Shohei Kira, Hirofumi Makino
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
They were cheap and available: prisoners as research subjects in twentieth century America
Authors: A. M Hornblum
Journal: BMJ (1997)

On 20 August 1947 Gerhard Rose, one of Germany's most respected physicians, stood in the prisoner's dock at the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg, Germany, awaiting his sentence for “murders, tortures, and other atrocities committed in the name of medical science.” Dr Rose, the department head for tropical medicine of the Robert Koch Institute, was on trial along with 22 of his medical colleagues, for perpetrating “ghastly” and “hideous” experiments on concentration camp prisoners during the war.1

At one point in the trial when the chief prosecution witness, Dr Andrew C Ivy of the medical school of the University of Illinois, underscored the basic principle “that human experimental subjects must be volunteers,” Dr Rose and his defence counsel vigorously objected, arguing that the United States was guilty of similar medical practices and giving several examples to support this contention.1

The Nazi doctor's first example of American complicity concerned the medical experiments of Dr Richard P Strong, who performed a series of studies in 1906 with “cholera virus upon inmates of the Bilibid Prison in Manila.” The Philippine Islands experiment on prisoners already sentenced to death resulted in 13 fatalities and was eventually attributed to a bottle of bubonic plague serum having been substituted mistakenly for a bottle of cholera serum.2 3 4 5 Strong, who later became professor of tropical medicine at Harvard University, was not deterred by the error and continued experiments on Philippine prisoners. His beriberi experiments six years later also resulted in death, but survivors were compensated with cigars and cigarettes.

Another German physician on trial for his life at Nuremberg, Dr Georg August Weltz, the chief of the Institute for Aviation Medicine in Munich, offered the name of another American doctor who used prisoners on behalf of medical science. Dr Joseph Goldberger, a …
416 DYNAMIC CHANGE OF LIVER STIFFNESS DURING THE COURSE OF ACUTE HEPATITIS A
Authors: Y.S. Seo, H. An, E.S. Jung, B. Keum, H.J. Yim, Y.T. Jeen, H.J. Chun, C.D. Kim, H.S. Ryu, S.H. Um
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Self-insight research as (double) model recovery
Authors: Tim Rakow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Self-insight assessment compares outcomes from two model-recovery exercises: a statistical exercise to infer a judge's (implicit) policy and an elicitation exercise whereby the judge describes his or her (explicit) policy. When these policies are mismatched, limited self-insight is not necessarily implied: Shortcomings in either exercise could be implicated, whereby Newell &amp; Shanks' (N&amp;S's) relevance or sensitivity criteria for assessing awareness may not be met. Appropriate self-insight assessment requires that both exercises allow the original processes to be captured.
Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, dose-ranging study
Authors: Benjamin M Segal, Cris S Constantinescu, Aparna Raychaudhuri, Lilianne Kim, Rosanne Fidelus-Gort, Lloyd H Kasper
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2008)
Oral Methadone Maintenance
Authors: G. James Berry
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With one exception, I concur with the position taken by the AMA Council on Mental Health in their explication, "Oral Methadone Maintenance Techniques in the Management of Morphine—Type Dependence." That position perpetuates the impression that, in general, addicts must be maintained at a daily dose level of between 80 and 120 mg. And, occasionally, a daily dose as high as 160 mg and above is required to attain the intended effect. Double-blind studies done in our clinic, and a similar study by Goldstein, demonstrate that most addicts can be successfully maintained with much smaller doses—as low as 30 mg/day. We were unable to demonstrate a significant difference in the behavior of groups of patients maintained continuously with 30, 50, and 100 mg of methadone hydrochloride daily when compared with retention in the program, attendance, employment, illegal activities, and involvement with their families. The one exception was a
REPORT OF EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON THE DILUTION METHOD OF IMMUNIZATION FROM RABIES
Authors: Follen Cabot
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1899)

1. I have simplified the dilution method by using a stock glycerine emulsion of the virulent cord, from which the desired dilutions can be readily prepared. The proportion of glycerine should not exceed (1/5) part, if it is desired to retain the full virulence of the emulsion. 2. There is some danger of giving rabies to animals in the dilution immunization treatment, a danger which is not present in the Pasteur method. 3. The dried-cord method does not rest solely upon the principle of dilution, but is based also upon attenuation of the virus. 4. The Pasteur method being entirely free from the element of danger which pertains to the glycerine dilution method and resting upon a sounder experimental basis is the one to be preferred.
Arthritis in mice induced by a single immunisation with collagen.
Authors: F Kato, M Nomura, K Nakamura
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice can be satisfactorily induced by a single immunisation and whether this model has some advantages compared with conventional CIA, which is induced by two immunisations. METHODS: The incidence of arthritis was observed under different immunisation conditions (variation of species of Mycobacterium included in complete Freund9s adjuvant and the method of emulsification) and immunological, histopathological, and pharmacological features were examined. RESULTS: Under optimum immunisation conditions, joint inflammation developed two to three weeks after the primary immunisation with an incidence of 100% at four to five weeks. The progression of the arthritis was mild and was associated with moderate increases in concentrations of serum IgG against type II collagen. This CIA model was similar to the conventional model in histopathological and pharmacological features. CONCLUSIONS: Murine CIA could be successfully induced by a single immunisation. An important feature of this model was a mild progression of joint inflammation. This feature seems to be of benefit for monitoring the development of arthritis from an early stage in the disease and for the development of novel antirheumatic drugs for such early stage patients.