tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Dazzling Array of Basal Branches in the mtDNA Macrohaplogroup M from India as Inferred from Complete Genomes
Authors: Chang Sun, Qing-Peng Kong, Malliya gounder Palanichamy, Suraksha Agrawal, Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, Yong-Gang Yao, Faisal Khan, Chun-Ling Zhu, Tapas Kumar Chaudhuri, Ya-Ping Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Many efforts based on complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes have been made to depict the global mtDNA landscape, but the phylogeny of Indian macrohaplogroup M has not yet been resolved in detail. To fill this lacuna, we took the same strategy as in our recent analysis of Indian mtDNA macrohaplogroup N and selected 56 mtDNAs from over 1,200 samples across India for complete sequencing, with the intention to cover all Indian autochthonous M lineages. As a result, the phylogenetic status of previously identified haplogroups based on control-region and/or partial coding-region information, such as M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M30, and M33, was solidified or redefined here. Moreover, seven novel basal M haplogroups (viz., M34–M40) were identified, and yet another five singular branches of the M phylogeny were discovered in the present study. The comparison of matrilineal components among India, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania at the deepest level yielded a star-like and nonoverlapping pattern, reflecting a rapid mode of modern human dispersal along the Asian coast after the initial "out-of-Africa" event.
Hepatitis B Virus and the Prevention of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Baruch S. Blumberg, W. Thomas London
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC or hepatoma) is one of the most lethal and most common cancers in the world. Before 1950, several pathologists noted that PHC usually occurred in livers that were affected with cirrhosis. In the 1950s, workers in West and East Africa suggested that the cirrhosis was of the postnecrotic type, and therefore that both cirrhosis and PHC were end results of viral hepatitis. It was not possible to test this hypothesis at that time, since the virus could not be detected. After the discovery of Australia antigen and its identification in 1967 with a hepatitis virus (later . . .
Congenital mitral valve disease in transposition of the great arteries.
Authors: G C Rosenquist, J Stark, J F Taylor
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A spectrum of mitral valve disease was noted in 71 per cent of 163 specimens with transposition of the great arteries. At one end of the spectrum were hearts with normal mitral valve, except that the free margin of the anterior leaflet was shortened; at the other end were specimens with underdevelopment of the space between or behind the papillary muscles of the left ventricle. In additional specimens the anterior leaflet was indented and attached by chordae tendineae to the ventricular septum.
Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery in a patient with dermatomyositis complicated by interstitial pneumonitis
Authors: Y MATSUKAWA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery (IDPA) is an uncommon anomaly occurring in 0.6% of patients with congenital heart disease,1 2 and may be bilateral or unilateral.3-9 We report on a patient with IDPA who concomitantly developed polymyositis (PM) and interstitial pneumonitis (IP).

On 25 August 1997 a 63 year old woman was referred to our hospital because of dyspnoea, pyrexia, arthralgia, raised levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilateral diffuse shadows on chest x ray examination.

On admission, a fine crackling sound was audible in the lung fields. We could not confirm Gottron's sign and heliotrope erythema. Laboratory examination disclosed increases of LDH (1194 IU/l), AST (61 IU/l), creatinine kinase (CK; 2078 IU/l), and aldolase (36.8 IU/l) in the serum …
Many sexual health services are “in danger of drowning”
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A third of specialist doctors in England believe that access to sexual health services is worsening, a snapshot survey of primary care trust leads and clinic specialists shows. Almost two thirds of clinics are forced to turn patients away, it found.

The fourth annual survey of sexual health service planning and delivery, published jointly by three specialist associations and the HIV charity the Terrence Higgins Trust, was completed by a representative sample of 66 primary care trusts and 88 specialists across England.

Some services seem to be starting “to turn the tide,” says …
Lymphadenopathy in Brucellosis
Authors: H. Conway
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDICAL JOURNL 787 that in our cases severe myoidema was a sign of malnutrition and was probably related to thiamin,metabolism.An explanation is attempted of the growing disrepute of myoidema as a physical sign.We wish to thank Mr. C. K. Dilwali, statistical officer, directoratc of inter-Service statistics, Supreme Commander's
Gentle Vengeance: An Account of the First Year at Harvard Medical School
Authors: Carlotta Rinke
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Charles LeBaron, a 34-year-old nonscientist with middle-class roots, provides a fresh and sprightly perspective of the first year at Harvard Medical School. In this autobiographical work, he weaves a spell that resurrects old nightmares and lost memories from my medical school experience. Although Harvard probably epitomizes an extreme of medical school establishments, the poignant truths LeBaron exposes must apply to all: the hypocrisy of many academic and administrative faculty members (nice guys with daggers in their cloaks); the mystery shrouding the power structure that squelches appeals for change and redress; the outrageous and inhumane expectations concerning the volume of information medical students must ingest mockery of what was taught as the core course material; the frustration that envelops the class, leading to escapist and rowdy behavior (drugs, alcohol, and orgies); and, finally, the Saturday laboratories and exams that, by robbing medical students of
The role of sport as a change agent in the lives of women with disabilities: the Nigerian experience
Authors: Florence B Adeyanju, Mariam A Sulieman, Angela Yesufu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Evidence abound of the neglect and discrimination against women especially those with disabilities. Given the prejudice against women in general, women with disabilities in Nigeria suffer greater discrimination, additional burden and obstacles to their well being because of their disabilities. The burden in turn inhibits their integration and participation in numerous activities including sports. This paper examined the barriers to participation in sports by women with disabilities, it analysed perceived impact of sport on those who participate/participated and have excelled in it and explored further, the use of sport as a strategic tool for the needed positive change.
Allergic rhinitis due to house dust mites: evaluation of the efficacy of specific sublingual immunotherapy
Authors: A. B. Tonnel, A. Scherpereel, B. Douay, B. Mellin, D. Leprince, N. Goldstein, P. Delecluse, C. Andre
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: The efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in patients with chronic rhinitis related to sensitization to house dust mites are still controversial. Methods: After application of an anti‐mite mattress cover, patients were only included in the study when the cumulative symptom score over a fortnight was greater than 70 out of a possible total of 168. Thirty‐two of the 120 patients selected were randomized to receive SLIT for 2 years: 17 received placebo and 15 received the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae 50/50 allergen extract. Results: Significant between‐group differences were observed after 1 year and persisted at the end of the second year for the rhinitis total score ( P &lt; 0.02), blocked nose score ( P &lt; 0.01) and nasal itching score ( P &lt; 0.01). Skin reactivity to house dust mites was significantly reduced in the group receiving house dust mite extract ( P &lt; 0.03). No statistical difference was observed between the two groups for medication scores, but a low medication consumption was observed in all patients. No serious and no systemic adverse reactions were reported. Conclusion: This study indicates the superiority of active treatment vs . placebo, evaluated on efficacy criteria (rhinitis score) or objective criteria (skin reactivity). The availability of a solid form (tablet) could represent a progress in terms of patient acceptability.
BRAIN PERFUSION ABNORMALITIES AFTER ACUTE IV COCAINE CHALLENGE IN ABUSERS SHOWN BY QUANTITATIVE SPECT AND BRAIN PERFUSION INDEX (BPI)
Authors: B. Johnson, B. Barron, N. Lamki, L. Wagner, B. Fang, D. Simms, P. Kenny, D. Overton, L. Wells, R. Chen, D. Abramson, H. Minkowitz, A. Shafer, L. Lamki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Johnson, B.; Barron, B.; Lamki, N.; Wagner, L.; Fang, B.; Simms, D.; Kenny, P.; Overton, D.; Wells, L.; Chen, R.; Abramson, D.; Minkowitz, H.; Shafer, A.; Lamki, L. Author Information
Case report of sideroblastic anemia caused by ingestion of coins
Authors: Ashok Kumar, Abdul Rahman Jazieh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

This is a report of a 54-year-old schizophrenic patient with a 15-year history of ingesting metal objects (pica). He presented with severe anemia (hemoglobin of 3 g/dl and hematocrit of 8.3%) and leukopenia (white blood count of 1,300/mm3). Work-up revealed copper deficiency (copper level of <0.05 μg/ml) and elevated zinc levels (280 μg/ml). The zinc toxicity was produced by the zinc content in the coins ingested by the patient over a period of many years. He was initially treated with n-acetylcysteine and sodium bicarbonate followed by intravenous copper sulfate. He was also placed on Adolph's meat tenderizer and pancreatin thrice a day orally to loosen the massive amount of metallic objects including coins in his bowel and allow them to pass out in his feces. He was also continued on oral copper sulfate. His copper levels began to rise and reached a maximum of 0.72 μg/ml, and his zinc level fell to 153 μg/ml. However, as he refused surgery to remove the metal objects from his bowel and continued to ingest more coins, there was continued absorption of zinc, which later overcame the efforts to reduce the zinc level and increase copper levels in his blood. He finally succumbed to sepsis and multiorgan failure. Autopsy revealed a coin mass in the stomach weighing 1,870 grams in addition to a sigmoid volvulus caused by another coin bezoar in the colon. Am. J. Hematol. 66:126–129, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A case of primary low grade mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the oesophagus
Authors: S Hosaka, N Nakamura, T Akamatsu, T Fujisawa, Y Ogiwara, K Kiyosawa, E Hidaka, H Ota, T Katsuyama, H Inagaki
Journal: Gut (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Micropatterning techniques for 3D cell cultures enable the recreation of tissue-level structures, but their combination with well-defined, microscale fluidic systems for perfusion remains challenging. To address this technological gap, we developed a user-friendly in-situ micropatterning protocol that integrates photolithography of crosslinkable, cell-laden hydrogels with a simple microfluidic housing, and tested the impact of crosslinking chemistry on stability and spatial resolution. Working with gelatin functionalized with photo-crosslinkable moieties, we found that inclusion of cells at high densities (≥ 10<sup>7</sup>/mL) during crosslinking did not impede thiol-norbornene gelation, but decreased the storage moduli of methacryloyl hydrogels. Hydrogel composition and light dose were selected to match the storage moduli of soft tissues. The cell-laden precursor solution was flowed into a microfluidic chamber and exposed to 405 nm light through a photomask to generate the desired pattern. The on-chip 3D cultures were self-standing, and the designs were interchangeable by simply swapping out the photomask. Thiol-ene hydrogels yielded highly accurate feature sizes from 100 – 900 μm in diameter, whereas methacryloyl hydrogels yielded slightly enlarged features. Furthermore, only thiol-ene hydrogels were mechanically stable under perfusion overnight. Repeated patterning readily generated multi-region cultures, either separately or adjacent, including non-linear boundaries that are challenging to obtain on-chip. As a proof-of-principle, primary human T cells, were patterned on-chip with high regional specificity. Viability remained high (&gt; 85%) after overnight culture with constant perfusion. We envision that this technology will enable researchers to pattern 3D cultures under fluidic control in biomimetic geometries that were previously difficult to obtain.
Absorption of Benzodiazepines From Muscle
Authors: Ronald Pies
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report by Weddington et al, "Cimetidine Toxic Reactions Masquerading as Delirium Tremens" (1981;245:1058-1059), was informative and useful. However, the use of intramuscular chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride in the patient described raises important questions. Although a common practice, the intramuscular administration of most benzodiazepines is not the preferred route. With the exception of lorazepem, intramuscular absorption of these drugs is slow, erratic, and sometimes incomplete, probably owing to precipitation of drug at the injection site.<sup>1</sup>Alcoholic patients are sometimes unwilling or unable to take medications orally, but as soon as possible, they should be treated via the oral route, or by slow intravenous infusion. It is thus difficult to say with impunity that the patient described by Weddington et al "did not respond" to 250 mg of intramuscular chlordiazepoxide; she may simply have had inadequate plasma levels owing to the route of administration.
First Antisense Drug Trials Planned In Leukemia
Authors: T. Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article First Antisense Drug Trials Planned In Leukemia Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 5, 4 March 1992, Pages 288–289, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.5.288 Published: 04 March 1992
Hemolytic Anemia With Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia
Authors: Donna Birrow
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the article by Turtzo and Ghatak, "Acute Hemolytic Anemia With<i>Mycoplasma Pneumoniae</i>Pneumonia (236:1140, 1976). In our view there are serious questions regarding the type of autoantibody causing hemolysis in the patient presented. Although the direct Coombs' test was positive, no attempts were made to use monospecific Coombs' sera (anti-IgG, anti-C') to characterize the red cell surface proteins. In addition, there were no attempts to elute an antibody from the patient's cells. These determinations are critical if one hopes either to classify the antibody causing hemolysis or to identify it specifically. The indirect Coombs' test revealed both anti-c and anti-e activity. If these antibodies were indeed present and are assumed to be alloantibodies, the patient's Rh phenotype would be CCdEE or CCDEE. Both phenotypes are quite uncommon (in a white population, less than 1/100,000).<sup>1</sup>To resolve this problem, the patient's phenotype should
THE INFLUENCE OF ANTITUBERCULOUS SERUM ON THE OPSONIC INDEX
Authors: W. C. Bosanquet, R. E. French
Journal: BMJ (1907)

THE OPSONIC INDEX. [APUL 13, 19,0 weight under other treatment, and at the beginning of October I was again requested to try tuberculin as a lastresort.On October 5th the index was 1.2, and I injected :, mg.The child immediately improved in splrits and weight, but on October 13th had a severe gastro-enteric attack and nearly died.Since then she haas steadilyimproved on fortnightly doses of T mg., and her weight rose from 1 st. 11lb. on October 26th to 2 st. 7lb.6 oz. on December 30th.From January 11th, however, she again began to lose weight, and on February 2nd a tuberculous mastoiditis was discovered and treated by operation.Tuberculin was continued, the wound healed rapidly, and her weight, which had sunk to 2 st.6 lb. on February 19th, had risen to 2 st. 8lb. by February 26th, and the child continues to improve.Estimations of the opsonic Index, 14. Injections, 9. CASE IV. A. G., aged 6 years, wasted and asaemic, showed some enlargement of glands, and peritonitis of the dry variety.The history dates from January, 1906.The opsonic index before injection was 0 8, the first injection ( amg.) was given on November 13th, and subsequent inoculations at intervals of about two weeks.The weight oa November 11th was 1 st.13 lb.6 oz., steadily rising to 2 st. 5 lb. 5 oz.by February 17th, the child being now rosy and fairly plump.Treatment continues.Opsonic indices, 9. Injections, 6. CASE V.J. T., 9 years of age, was brought to me for wasting on August 20th.I considered the child tuberculous, but a care- ful examination discovered no lesion.Ten days later he returned with abdominal pain and swelling, and there was free fluid present in the abdomen.I admitted him to hos- pital, and on-September 5th there appeared also a small effusion in the left pleural sac.The opsonic index before injection was.0.86; the first injection (xD4 mg.) was given on September 5tb, and by September 19th both the pleural and peritoneal effusions bad disappeared, and he was gaining weight.His opsonic index remaining at about 1, I postponed the second injection till October 13tb with the result that by this date a fresh peritoneal effusion had formed and pleural dullness was returning.After the second injection (wid mg.) the signs again began to subside, so that by October 24th there was no longer any evidence of ascites, and the pleurisy had cleared; the remaining abdominal enlargement and resistance to palpation gradually Improved till, by September 7th, the organs appeared to be quite normal.He has remained well since, and is steadilv gaining weigbt.Opsonic indices, 17.Injections, 8. PHTHISIS.
Can Low-Density Lipoprotein Be Too Low? The Safety and Efficacy of Achieving Very Low Low-Density Lipoprotein With Intensive Statin Therapy
Authors: Stephen D. Wiviott, Christopher P. Cannon, David A. Morrow, Kausik K. Ray, Marc A. Pfeffer, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Antibiotics in Meat Production
Authors: Thomas H. Jukes
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE USE of antibiotics in feeding animals is connected in a remarkable way to clinical medicine, for this use came as a by-product of the discovery of a new antibiotic, aureomycin (now known as chlortetracycline), in 1948. Aureomycin was the first of the tetracyclines, and it was immediately put to use for its "broad-spectrum" effectiveness against many pathogenic microorganisms. The fermentation that made aureomycin also produced vitamin B<sup>12</sup>, which is needed for growing chickens and pigs on feeds based on vegetable proteins, such as soybean meal, feeds deficient in vitamin B<sup>12</sup>. The crude fermentation residues contained, in addition to vitamin B<sup>12</sup>, small amounts of aureomycin that made the animals grow more rapidly than when fed a "complete" diet.<sup>1</sup>A few grams of antibiotics such as a tetracycline, penicillin, or streptomycin in a ton of feed will increase growth, apparently because farm animals normally harbor susceptible intestinal
The Role of Gene Therapy for Intimal Hyperplasia of Bypass Grafts
Authors: D. G. Cable, J. A. Caccitolo, N. Caplice, T. O Brien, R. D. Simari, R. C. Daly, J. A. Dearani, C. J. Mullany, T. A. Orszulak, H. V. Schaff
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Proliferation of the intima is an early lesion of saphenous vein graft disease. Early patency rates of radial artery grafts are acceptable, but little is known about their risk of intimal hyperplasia.To develop a model of intimal hyperplasia, we incubated human saphenous veins, internal mammary arteries, and radial arteries (n=6, 8, and 10, respectively) in an organ culture with Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (30% serum) for 0, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days. Quantitative histological studies were performed, and the average intimal-to-medial (I/M) ratio was calculated for each incubation interval. After 10 and 14 days of culture, the I/M ratio increased in the saphenous veins (P=0. 03, P=0.04 versus 0 day, respectively). No significant increase occurred in the I/M ratio in either the internal mammary or radial arteries. Next, the ability of adenoviral gene transfers to inhibit intimal hyperplasia in the saphenous veins was evaluated. Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase significantly reduced the I/M ratio at 14 days compared with vehicle (P=0.001) and virus (P=0.004) controls.The human saphenous vein has a greater propensity for intimal hyperplasia than arterial grafts; the human radial artery behaves similarly to the internal mammary artery. In the future, gene therapy may augment nitric oxide synthase, limiting vein graft disease.
Resistance to thyroid hormone is associated with raised energy expenditure, muscle mitochondrial uncoupling, and hyperphagia
Authors: Catherine S. Mitchell, David B. Savage, Sylvie Dufour, Nadia Schoenmakers, Peter Murgatroyd, Douglas Befroy, David Halsall, Samantha Northcott, Philippa Raymond-Barker, Suzanne Curran, Elana Henning, Julia Keogh, Penny Owen, John Lazarus, Douglas L. Rothman, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Gerald I. Shulman, Krishna Chatterjee, Kitt Falk Petersen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), a dominantly inherited disorder usually associated with mutations in thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB), is characterized by elevated levels of circulating thyroid hormones (including thyroxine), failure of feedback suppression of thyrotropin, and variable tissue refractoriness to thyroid hormone action. Raised energy expenditure and hyperphagia are recognized features of hyperthyroidism, but the effects of comparable hyperthyroxinemia in RTH patients are unknown. Here, we show that resting energy expenditure (REE) was substantially increased in adults and children with THRB mutations. Energy intake in RTH subjects was increased by 40%, with marked hyperphagia particularly evident in children. Rates of muscle TCA cycle flux were increased by 75% in adults with RTH, whereas rates of ATP synthesis were unchanged, as determined by 13C/31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mitochondrial coupling index between ATP synthesis and mitochondrial rates of oxidation (as estimated by the ratio of ATP synthesis to TCA cycle flux) was significantly decreased in RTH patients. These data demonstrate that basal mitochondrial substrate oxidation is increased and energy production in the form of ATP synthesis is decreased in the muscle of RTH patients and that resting oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled in this disorder. Furthermore, these observations suggest that mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle is a major contributor to increased REE in patients with RTH, due to tissue selective retention of thyroid hormone receptor alpha sensitivity to elevated thyroid hormone levels.
Physicochemical model of alginate–poly-l-lysine microcapsules defined at the micrometric/nanometric scale using ATR-FTIR, XPS, and ToF-SIMS
Authors: Susan K. Tam, Julie Dusseault, Stefania Polizu, Martin Ménard, Jean-Pierre Hallé, L’Hocine Yahia
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Burden of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory and Antiplatelet Drug Use in Asia: A Multidisciplinary Working Party Report
Authors: Francis Ka–leung Chan, Shinya Goto, Ming–Shiang Wu, Maria Teresa B. Abola, Khay Guan Yeoh, Bambang Sutrisna, Siew Siang Chua, Varocha Mahachai, Thana Turajane, Brian Wu, Qing Yu Zeng, Kentaro Sugano
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)