tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Circulating fibronectin to C-reactive protein ratio and mortality: a biomarker in COPD?
Authors: S. F. P. Man, L. Xing, J. E. Connett, N. R. Anthonisen, R. A. Wise, D. P. Tashkin, X. Zhang, R. Vessey, T. G. Walker, B. R. Celli, D. D. Sin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The balance between inflammatory and repair processes is important in maintaining lung homeostasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to determine whether or not an integrated index of a biomarker involved in inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP), and another involved in wound repair, fibronectin, may be a good measure to predict clinical outcomes in COPD. Circulating blood levels of CRP and fibronectin were measured in 4,787 individuals with mild-to-moderate COPD who were prospectively followed for &gt;7 yrs after blood collection as part of the Lung Health Study. To assess the balance between repair and inflammation, a simple ratio was calculated by dividing fibronectin levels by CRP levels and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the relationship between this ratio and all-cause and disease-specific causes of mortality. The relationship between the fibronectin to CRP ratio and all-cause mortality was L-shaped. There was an exponential decay in the adjusted hazard function ( i.e. the risk of mortality) as the ratio decreased until a value of 148 was reached, beyond which point the hazard function did not change significantly. Similar results were observed for the risk of coronary and cardiovascular mortality. Circulating fibronectin to CRP ratio is significantly associated with all-cause mortality of COPD patients. However, in contrast to other biomarkers, the relationship appears to be L-shaped (and not linear), suggesting a threshold at ∼150. While promising, future studies are needed to validate this simple index as a biomarker in COPD.
Assault Weapons as a Public Health Hazard
Authors: Theodore A. Noel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Council Report entitled "Assault Weapons as a Public Health Hazard in the United States"<sup>1</sup>must be rejected as being without scientific basis. It begins by asserting the "severity of the firearms problem" without supporting data. It continues with the false assertion that "assault weapons are meant to be spray-fired from the hip."<sup>2</sup>The Council is well aware that its source, Handgun Control Incorporated, exists solely to ban private firearm ownership. Such a biased, political source should be anathema in scientific discourse. The Council asserts the statement of Sugermann and Rand<sup>3</sup>that "assault weapons... can be distinguished by specific design characteristics." However, the Council concludes that "the single greatest barrier to... legislation... is a precise definition of the weapons." It can't be both ways! The fact is, the currently popular definitions, including the one used to ban importation of 49 models in 1989, rely
MUCOCELE OF THE FRONTAL SINUS
Authors: J. Acomb
Journal: BMJ (1922)

I MEDICAL JOURNAL or abort depending upon whether a false or true corpus luteum has been injured.Some very interesting observations have becn made by American veterinary surgeons on cows.They found that if tlhe false corpus luteuui remained unabsorbed the cow did not come in hleat (wllhich corresponds witlh nmenstruation in women), but that if the corpus luteum -was expressed mianually the condition developed in a few days.I find that if during an abdominal operation tlle corpus luteum be excised the patient will have a period tvo or tlhree dayys afterwards, even if slhe lhas only recovered from her previous period a few days before the operation.Tlle following cases illustrate this:Mrs. E., aged 29, married two years; menstruation was of the four weeks type.Bimanually there was a tender tumour to the right of the uterus which was normal in position when felt.Her last period terminated two days before operation.I found on opening the abdomen a right hydrosalpinx adherent to the ovary, which contained the false corpus luteum.In removing the tube the corpus luteum was resected.The patient menstruated forty hours after the operation.CASE II.Miss S., aged 25; menstruation of four weeks type, always regular; the uterus was retroverted and the ovaries prolapsed; her last period had occurred thirteen days before the operation.Ventro-suspension was performed and the corpus luteum excised from the ovary.The patient menstruated two days after the operation.
Prediction of First Events of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke With Consideration of Adiposity
Authors: Peter W.F. Wilson, Samuel R. Bozeman, Tanya M. Burton, David C. Hoaglin, Rami Ben-Joseph, Chris L. Pashos
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) can aid healthcare providers and prevention programs. Previous reports have focused on traditional cardiovascular risk factors; less information has been available on the role of overweight and obesity. Methods and Results— Baseline data from 4780 Framingham Offspring Study adults with up to 24 years of follow-up were used to assess risk for a first CHD event (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or cardiac death) alone, first CeVD event (acute brain infarction, transient ischemic attack, and stroke-related death) alone, and CHD and CeVD events combined. Accelerated failure time models were developed for the time of first event to age, sex, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus (DM), systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI). Likelihood-ratio tests of statistical significance were used to identify the best-fitting predictive functions. Age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, ratio of cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and presence of DM were highly related ( P &lt;0.01 for all) to the development of first CHD events, and all of the above except sex and DM were highly related to the first CeVD event. BMI also significantly predicted the occurrence of CHD ( P =0.05) and CeVD ( P =0.03) in multivariable models adjusting for traditional risk factors. The magnitude of the BMI effect was reduced but remained statistically significant when traditional variables were included in the prediction models. Conclusions— Greater BMI, higher systolic blood pressure, higher ratio of cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and presence of DM were all predictive of first CHD events, and all but the presence of DM were predictive of first CeVD events. These results suggest that common pathophysiological mechanisms underlie the roles of BMI, DM, and systolic blood pressure as predictors for first CHD and CeVD events.
Standards in Soviet medical institutes.
Authors: M Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1985)

and rectum observed serially by double contrast enema study (Malmo technique). AJR 1963;90:673. 38 Husband JE, Hawkes DJ, Peckham MJ. CT estimations of mean attenuation values and volume in testicular tumors: a comparison with surgical and histologie findings. Radiology 1982;144:553-8. 39 Oliver TW Jr, Bernardino ME, Sones PJ Jr. Monitoring the response of lymphoma patients to therapy: correlation of abdominal CT findings with clinical course and histologie cell type. Radiology 1983;149:219-24. 40 Husband JE, Blaquiere RM. Computed tomography in the assessment of gynecological malignancy. In: Whitehouse JMA, Williams C, eds. Cancer investigation and management: cancer of the female reproductive system. New York: John Wiley & Sons (in press). 41 Husband JE, Hodson NJ, Parsons CA. The role of computed tomography in recurrent rectal tumors. Radiology 1980;134:677-82. 42 Lee JKT, Stanley RJ, Sagel SS, et al. CT appearance of the pelvis after abdomino-perineal resection for rectal carcinoma. Radiology 1981 ; 141:737-41. 43 Wittenberg J, Fineberg HV, Ferruca JT, et al. Clinical efficacy of computed body tomography, II. AJR 1980;134:1111-20. 44 Robbins AH, Pugatch RD, Gerzof SG, Faling LJ, Johnson WC, Sewell DH. Observations on the medical efficacy of computed tomography of the chest and abdomen. AJR 1978;131:15-9. 45 Male RS, Bronskill MJ, Rideout DF, Blend R, Herman S, Poon PY. Efficacy of computed tomography in the management of cancer patients. Cancer 1983;52:1604-8. 46 Golding SJ, Husband JE. The role of computed tomography in the management of soft tissue sarcomas. BrJ Radiol 1982;55:740-7. 47 Husband JE. Computed tomography in testicular tumours. In: Peckham M, ed. The management of testicular tumours. London: Edward Arnold, 1981:119-33. 48 Kamin PD, Bernardino ME, Wallace S, Jing BS. Comparison of ultrasound and computed tomography in the detection of pancreatic malignancy. Cancer 1980;46:2410-2. 49 Evens RG. Economic implications of a new technology installation: a CT model. AJR 1981;136:673-7. 50 Dixon AK, Kelsey Fry I, Kingham JGC, McLean AM, White FE. Computed tomography in patients with an abnormal mass: effective and efficient. Lancet 1981 ;i: 1199-1201. 51 Margulis AR. Radiologie imaging: changing costs, greater benefits. AJR 1981 ;136:657-65.
PENICILLIN THERAPY IN GENERAL PARESIS
Authors: GEORGE D. WEICKHARDT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

1. One hundred patients with paretic neurosyphilis were followed 6 months to 2 years after treatment. No significant difference was found in the results obtained with penicillin alone and with concurrent malaria-penicillin. 2. Penicillin alone in a total dose of 6 million units within 30 days is of definite therapeutic value in paretic neurosyphilis. 3. Nevertheless, until further experience is gained penicillin should be combined with malarial therapy in the treatment of paretic neurosyphilis. 4. If for any reason fever therapy is contraindicated, penicillin alone is the best available method of treatment.
P11.01 * THE ROLE OF SURGERY IN PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMAS
Authors: D. Vinas, L. Daoud, J. Fortes, J. Sarasa, J. Montoya, J. De Campos
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by limphoma is an uncommon variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The appearance of CNS disease years after complete remission of NHL can be attributed to recurrence of the original tumor or to a second neoplasm in genetically and immunologically predisposed patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive analysis of all Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas (PCNSL) treated in our institution since 1990 has been carried out. All patients have histologically confirmed PCNSL, and extent of the disease was studied with body CT scan and bone marrow biopsy. 15 cases were diagnosed, all without evidence of distant disease. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 59.3 years, with a larger proportion of males and presence of HIV disease in 33% of all patients. During the 1990′s the percentage of craniectomies is greater than during the following decade, in which biopsies prevail and the craniectomies carried out correspond to unsuspected PCNSL. Six patients had a previous history of systemic neoplasm upon diagnosis of PCNSL. CONCLUSIONS: Upon the suspicion of PCL, a stereotactic biopsy should be performed to confirm diagnosis. Biopsies of CNS lesions that appear syncronically or after treatment of other neoplasms have proven that PCNSL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of second tumors. PCNSL as a second primary tumor after extranodal NHL is a rare entity, yet such possibility should be taken into account and considered in the differential diagnosis with local relapse. In the case of metastases, treatment would have a palliative approach, whereas in second primary tumors curative treatment is attempted, with different prognostic implications.
TCT-439 Incidence of Procedural Complications in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vishal Patel, Kimberly Brayton, Owen Mogabgab, Tesfaldet Michael, Nathan Lo, Mohammed Alomar, Deborah Shorrock, Shuaib Abdullah, Subhash Banerjee, Emmanouil Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Plant known for centuries still causes problems today
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

An abortifacient used in ancient Rome is causing present-day problems. It is the oil of a plant known as the pennyroyal, mosquito, or squawmint (<i>Mentha pulegium</i>). Public health officials say pennyroyal oil has been involved in three recent poisonings in Colorado, one of which was fatal. The plant is found from Canada to Florida and at least as far west as Nebraska. Pennyroyal oil is related to turpentine and is sometimes marketed as an insect repellent or herbal fragrance. It has been used for at least 2,000 years. While its action is believed to involve irritation of the uterus and bladder, triggering reflex contractions, some users contend that, taken as an herbal tea, pennyroyal is calming and diaphoretic and induces menses. There is, however, no documentation that it can induce abortion at other than near-lethal dosage. Julian Gold, MD, told Epidemic Intelligence Service colleagues at a recent Atlanta conference that
Induction of labour and perinatal mortality
Authors: A. Lynch
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Among the current five Variants of Concern, infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant are often associated with the greatest severity. Despite recent advances on the molecular basis of elevated pathogenicity using recombinant proteins, architecture of intact Delta virions remains veiled. Moreover, molecular evidences for the detailed mechanism of S-mediated membrane fusion are missing. Here we reported the in situ structure and distribution of S on the authentic Delta variant, and discovered invagination in the distinctive Delta architecture. We also captured fusion snapshots from the virus-virus fusion events, provided structural evidences for Delta’s attenuated dependency on cellular factors for fusion activation, and proposed a model of S-mediated membrane fusion. Site-specific glycan analysis revealed increased oligomannose-type glycosylation of native Delta S over that of the Wuhan-Hu-1 S. Together, these results disclose distinctive factors of Delta being the most virulent SARS-CoV-2 variant. <h3>In Brief</h3> Cryo-ET of intact SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant revealed its distinctive architecture and captured snapshots of its membrane fusion in action.
Denis Neville Baron
Authors: K. Bragman
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Denis Neville Baron, the oldest son of a Tottenham general practitioner, qualified in 1945 after a war shortened four year course in medicine. His first real introduction to the sharp end of medical practice came when he was sent home from prep school to be diagnosed as having acute appendicitis. His recollection of the event was having his appendectomy performed at home on the kitchen table. He then went on to UCS, where his academic talent was quickly identified. He matriculated with the second highest mark in chemistry in England. He was dissuaded by his father from studying chemistry and, with war looming, read medicine at the Middlesex Hospital, London. After qualifying he did his national service as a flight lieutenant in the Royal Air Force, where he played golf and learnt rugby songs; one of the more useful legacies to his children.

He trained as a pathologist in the RAF from 1946 to 1949, when he returned to the Middlesex to Sir Charles Dodds’s Institute of …
Politics and Independence — The Collapse of the<i>Canadian Medical Association Journal</i>
Authors: Miriam Shuchman, Donald A Redelmeier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

On February 20, 2006, when John Hoey, editor-in-chief of the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ), returned to the Ottawa headquarters of the Canadian Medical Association (CMA) after a vacation, his journal was in excellent shape. It ranked as the fifth leading general medical journal in the world, and it received more than 100 original research papers per month, allowing the editors to be highly selective in what they published. It had nearly 70,000 subscribers — representing the more than 85 percent of Canadian doctors who are CMA members. Yet Hoey's decade as editor would end abruptly that afternoon when the . . .
Evidence for Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 as a Therapeutic Target for the Prevention of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Anderson J. Ferreira, Vinayak Shenoy, Yoriko Yamazato, Srinivas Sriramula, Joseph Francis, Lihui Yuan, Ronald K. Castellano, David A. Ostrov, Suk Paul Oh, Michael J. Katovich, Mohan K. Raizada
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: It has been proposed that an activated renin angiotensin system (RAS) causes an imbalance between the vasoconstrictive and vasodilator mechanisms involving the pulmonary circulation leading to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent studies have indicated that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a member of the vasoprotective axis of the RAS, plays a regulatory role in lung pathophysiology, including pulmonary fibrosis and acute lung disease. Based on these observations, we propose the hypothesis that activation of endogenous ACE2 can shift the balance from the vasoconstrictive, proliferative axis (ACE-Ang II-AT1R) to the vasoprotective axis [ACE2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas] of the RAS, resulting in the prevention of PH.Objectives: We have taken advantage of a recently discovered synthetic activator of ACE2, XNT (1-[(2-dimethylamino) ethylamino]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-[(4-methylphenyl) sulfonyl oxy]-9H-xanthene-9-one), to study its effects on monocrotaline-induced PH in rats to support this hypothesis.Methods: The cardiopulmonary effects of XNT were evaluated in monocrotaline-induced PH rat model.Measurements and Main Results: A single subcutaneous treatment of monocrotaline in rats resulted in elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, increased pulmonary vessel wall thickness, and interstitial fibrosis. These changes were associated with increases in the mRNA levels of renin, ACE, angiotensinogen, AT1 receptors, and proinflammatory cytokines. All these features of PH were prevented in these monocrotaline-treated rats by chronic treatment with XNT. In addition, XNT caused an increase in the antiinflammatory cytokine, IL-10.Conclusions: These observations provide conceptual support that activation of ACE2 by a small molecule can be a therapeutically relevant approach for treating and controlling PH.
Climate Change
Authors: Howard Bauchner, Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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ESGE Statement on Endoscopic Terminology
Authors: Jean-Francois Rey
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The Minimal Standard Terminology (MST) on digestive endoscopy was initiated by the European Society of Digestive Endoscopy (ESGE) under the authority of Professor Maratka. The committee in charge of this important task was scientifically and financially supported by the ESGE. In order that the MST could be used worldwide, the ESGE decided to transfer ownership to the Organisation Mondiale d'Endoscopie Digestive (OMED; the World Organisation of Digestive Endoscopy).
Postexercise Electrocardiography in Patients with Arteriographically Documented Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Albert S. Most, Harvey G. Kemp, Richard Gorlin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The relationship between coronary cinearteriographic findings and postexercise electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of ischemia was examined in 65 persons with angina pectoris and documented coronary atherosclerosis. Fifty-eight percent of the patients had an abnormal postexercise ECG response defined as ≥ 1.0 mm of flat R-ST segment depression. The frequency and degree of postexercise ECG abnormality correlated directly with the number of significantly diseased coronary arteries. The presence of collateral vessels did not protect against the induction of ischemic ECG changes by the mild exercise stress used. The 2-step test provided sufficient stress for 14 patients (22%) to result in a prolonged (≥ 8 min) postexercise ischemic response. Twelve of 39 patients (31%) with widespread coronary atherosclerosis (3-vessel disease) had a normal postexercise ECG, whereas 13 (33%) had ≥ 2.0 mm of segmental R-ST depression. Since such ECG findings have been shown by others to have prognostic significance, the postexercise ECG adds a significant dimension to our understanding of coronary artery disease and provides information not available from coronary angiography alone.
Caffeine restriction: effect on mild hypertension.
Authors: T M MacDonald, K Sharpe, G Fowler, D Lyons, S Freestone, H G Lovell, J Webster, J C Petrie
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the effects on blood pressure of modifying dietary caffeine intake in patients with mild and borderline hypertension by monitoring ambulatory and clinic blood pressure. DESIGN--Four way, randomised, crossover trial of four consecutive two week dietary regimens: normal diet, caffeine free diet alone, caffeine free diet with decaffeinated instant coffee, caffeine free diet with caffeinated instant coffee (instant coffee phases conducted double blind). SETTING--Hospital hypertension clinic, Scotland. PATIENTS--52 patients (23 men; aged 26-67 years) with untreated borderline or mild hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 90-105 mm Hg) who normally drank a minimum of three cups of coffee daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Mean ambulatory blood pressure over 24 hours; mean morning, daytime, and night time ambulatory blood pressure; sitting clinic blood pressure at 1700; plasma caffeine concentration at 1700 on the last day of each regimen. RESULTS--Mean 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure was not different between regimens. There was no difference in blood pressure variability between regimens. During the caffeine free diet alone morning ambulatory diastolic blood pressure was higher (2.8 mm Hg) than during the caffeine free diet with caffeinated coffee. Mean sitting clinic systolic blood pressure was higher at 1700 (4.7 mm Hg) with a caffeine free diet than with the caffeine free diet with caffeinated coffee (p less than 0.05). Dietary compliance as assessed by plasma caffeine concentration was excellent. There was no significant correlation between plasma caffeine concentration and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS--Drinking caffeinated instant coffee over a two week period does not adversely influence blood pressure in patients with borderline or mild hypertension; abstinence is of no benefit.