tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 Is Required for the Transcription Factor T-bet to Promote T Helper 1 Cell-Fate Determination
Authors: Vivian T. Thieu, Qing Yu, Hua-Chen Chang, Norman Yeh, Evelyn T. Nguyen, Sarita Sehra, Mark H. Kaplan
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Australian experience of trying to increase transparency between doctors and industry
Authors: B. Dalton
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I agree that greater transparency is needed between the medical profession and industry,1 2 but the protracted pace at which such changes have been welcomed by both parties is disappointing.

Almost seven years ago, and in line with changing perceptions, some colleagues and I embarked on a similar attempt to improve the relationship between doctors and industry in Australia. We established an independent, transparent agency for healthcare professionals with industry sponsored commitments. Once registered, people were free to redirect industry requests to the agency …
<i>Clinical Psychiatry.</i>A text-book for students and physicians. Abstracted and adapted from the seventh German edition of Kraepelin's "Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie." By A. Ross Diefendorf. New edition, revised and augmented. (New York: The Macmillan Company. London: Macmillan &amp; Co., Ltd., 1907.)
Authors: None Ricksher
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1907)
Abstract B78: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote colorectal cancer progression through paracrine neuregulin 1/HER3 signaling
Authors: Olivier De Wever, Astrid de Boeck
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Objective: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) migrate to primary tumors and drive tumor progression. This study aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms associated with these heterotypic cellular interactions and analyse their relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Design: Paracrine interactions of BM-MSC and tumor-derived mesenchymal cells (T-MC) with CRC cells were studied using collagen invasion assays, cell counts, flow cytometric cell-cycle analysis and tumor xenograft models. The role of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family pathways were investigated using tyrosine kinase assays, mass spectrometry, pharmacological inhibition, antibody-mediated neutralisation and RNA interference. Transmembrane NRG1 (tNRG1), HER2 and HER3 expression was analysed in primary CRCs (n = 54), adjacent normal colorectal tissues (n = 4), liver metastases (n = 3) and adjacent normal liver tissues (n = 3) by immunohistochemistry. Results: BM-MSC and T-MC stimulate invasion, survival and tumorigenesis of CRCs through release of soluble NRG1, activating the HER2/HER3-dependent PI3K/AKT signaling cascade in CRC cells. Mesenchymal cells in primary CRCs demonstrate high tNRG1 expression. HER2 and HER3 show membrane localization in cancer cells of CRC tissue. High stromal tNRG1 expression is significantly associated with advanced UICC stage (P = .005) and invasion depth (P = .04) and decreased 5-year progression-free-survival (PFS) (P = .01). Conclusion: Paracrine NRG1/HER3 signals initiated by BM-MSC and T-MC promote CRC cell progression, and high tNRG1 expression is associated with poor prognosis. Citation Format: Olivier De Wever, Astrid de Boeck. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote colorectal cancer progression through paracrine neuregulin 1/HER3 signaling. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B78. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B78
Minority Admissions — A Realistic Assessment
Authors: Dante G. Scarpelli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The minority student comes from a heritage that continues to be plagued by poverty and its attendant millstones of poor education and lack of equal opportunity arising from racial prejudice. No man of good will questions the moral duty, social propriety and desirability of making every effort to right these wrongs and eventually to rid society of one of its greatest social ills. Such efforts must in every instance be morally correct and based upon sound judgment if lasting progress is to be made. Good intentions fired solely by a sense of guilt are neither prudent, nor substantial, nor lasting. . . .
Put tenure in today's social context
Authors: John Wettersten
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Tenure should not be judged on its ability to promote whistle-blowing. Because the process of getting tenure may weed out those who might later need it, reform is called for. Reform of tenure must take into account not only the Salieri-effect, but also Thomas Kuhn's popular philosophical attack on independent thought and the tendency towards the use of minimal standards, resulting from the professionalization of research, to block work which is more than minimal. Reform of various institutions to encourage autonomy is needed so that those who receive tenure use it for its intended purpose.
P27 CD147-MEDIATED LEUKOCYTE AGGREGATION DETERMINES THE EXTENT OF INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED LIVER INJURY
Authors: A.E. Maczurek, S.R. Calabro, A.J. Morgan, T. Iemma, A.J. Potter, C. Yee, T. Ashhurst, D.G. Bowen, F.J. Warner, G.W. McCaughan, S.V. McLennan, N.A. Shackel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Using Additional Information on Working Hours to Predict Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Mika Kivimäki, G. David Batty, Mark Hamer, Jane E. Ferrie, Jussi Vahtera, Marianna Virtanen, Michael G. Marmot, Archana Singh-Manoux, Martin J. Shipley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Long working hours are associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Adding information on long hours to traditional risk factors for CHD may help to improve risk prediction for this condition. Objective: To examine whether information on long working hours improves the ability of the Framingham risk model to predict CHD in a low-risk, employed population. Design: Cohort study with baseline medical examination performed between 1991 and 1993 and prospective follow-up for incident CHD performed until 2004. Setting: Civil service departments in London (the Whitehall II study). Participants: 7095 adults (2109 women and 4986 men) aged 39 to 62 years working full-time without CHD at baseline. Measurements: Working hours and the Framingham risk score were measured at baseline. Coronary death and nonfatal myocardial infarction were ascertained from medical screenings every 5 years, hospital data, and registry linkage. Results: 192 participants had incident CHD during a median 12.3-year follow-up. After adjustment for their Framingham risk score, participants working 11 hours or more per day had a 1.67-fold (95% CI, 1.10- to 2.55-fold) increased risk for CHD compared with participants working 7 to 8 hours per day. Adding working hours to the Framingham risk score led to a net reclassification improvement of 4.7% (P = 0.034) due to better identification of persons who later developed CHD (sensitivity gain). Limitation: The findings may not be generalizable to populations with a larger proportion of high-risk persons and were not validated in an independent cohort. Conclusion: Information on working hours may improve risk prediction of CHD on the basis of the Framingham risk score in low-risk, working populations. Primary Funding Source: Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Bupa Foundation; and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health.
The Treatment vs. the Abortion of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: John Eliot Woodbridge
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Youngstown, Ohio, Dec. 24, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —During the past year you have published four papers on typhoid fever, which I had read before the Mississippi Valley Medical, theAmerican Medicaland the Mahoning County Medical Societies. Those papers were all written for one object,—to prove that typhoid fever can be aborted—a difficult enough task surely; without wasting much time in giving details of a treatment which I did not suppose many would care to try until very conclusive evidence of its efficacy had been presented, but although, some physicians have secured most brilliant results from the treatment by relying on these published directions as their only guide, I fully recognize their inadequacy and have always intended to write a treatise on the abortive treatment of typhoid fever, as soon as there seemed to be a demand for it. Since the publication of my first paper in February last,
In the Country of Hearts: Journeys in the Art of Medicine
Authors: Joseph S. Alpert
Journal: JAMA (1991)

John Stone, poet-physician (or should I say physician-poet), is well known in the literary world for his three published volumes of poetry. What is less widely known is that Stone is also an accomplished clinician, a cardiologist and emergency specialist. His most recent work, In the Country of Hearts:  Journeys in the Art of Medicine , draws on this extensive clinical experience. In so doing, Stone joins a select cadre of literary doctors who both wrote and practiced medicine. Other members who belong in this club are Anton Chekhov, William Carlos Williams, Richard Selzer, and Robert Coles, to mention but a few. Like his literary-medical predecessors, Stone explores the physician's intellectual and emotional response to a variety of clinical situations. He describes inpatient and ambulatory patient encounters with considerable skill and local color in a series of short vignettes with accompanying editorial comments. A young girl with coarctation of the aorta
Tardive Dyskinesia of the Abdomen
Authors: Frederick Lemere
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The increasing recognition of tardive dyskinesia (TD) as a serious and potentially permanent neurologic complication of phenothiazine medications prompts this report. The wide use of phenothiazines as tranquilizers poses a medical-legal as well as a clinical hazard for the prescribing physician.  Although older age, high dosage, and length of usage are important contributing factors, TD can occur in any susceptible person. Unfortunately, there is no established treatment for this disorder except prevention. Discontinuing the administration of phenothiazine may temporarily aggravate the symptoms. Antiparkinsonian medications are contraindicated. Deanol has been advocated but not proved to be beneficial.  The involuntary movements of the mouth and tongue so characteristic of tardive dyskinesia are not difficult to recognize and diagnose if one has a high index of awareness for this complication.  Another manifestation of phenothiazine-induced TD is one observed in two elderly woman patients. Rhythmic involuntary rocking movements of the abdominal
Understanding Differences in the Body Burden–Age Relationships of Bioaccumulating Contaminants Based on Population Cross Sections versus Individuals
Authors: Cristina L. Quinn, Frank Wania
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Body burdens of persistent bioaccumulative contaminants estimated from the cross-sectional biomonitoring of human populations are often plotted against age. Such relationships have previously been assumed to reflect the role of age in bioaccumulation.We used a mechanistic modeling approach to reproduce concentration-versus-age relationships and investigate factors that influence them.CoZMoMAN is an environmental fate and human food chain bioaccumulation model that estimates time trends in human body burdens in response to time-variant environmental emissions. Trends of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 153 concentrations versus age for population cross sections were estimated using simulated longitudinal data for individual women born at different times. The model was also used to probe the influence of partitioning and degradation properties, length of emissions, and model assumptions regarding lipid content and liver metabolism on concentration-age trends of bioaccumulative and persistent contaminants.Body burden-age relationships for population cross sections and individuals over time are not equivalent. The time lapse between the peak in emissions and sample collection for biomonitoring is the most influential factor controlling the shape of concentration-age trends for chemicals with human metabolic half-lives longer than 1 year. Differences in observed concentration-age trends for PCBs and polybrominated diphenyl ethers are consistent with differences in emission time trends and human metabolic half-lives.Bioaccumulation does not monotonically increase with age. Our model suggests that the main predictors of cross-sectional body burden trends with age are the amount of time elapsed after peak emissions and the human metabolic and environmental degradation rates.
ON WRITING FOR THE READER, NOT THE WRITER
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Anybody who has paid any attention whatsoever to writing English, but especially those who attend closely, knows well the name and fame of Quiller-Couch. His name, by the way, is not the same as the stock-in-trade of the psychoanalyst, but rhymes with hooch. This pleases me. This striking name I recall seeing first in an anthology of poetry of which he was editor. More years ago than I can recall exactly, I borrowed a copy of his book On the Art of Writing . I did not react very enthusiastically, fancying then that books on writing or grammar were necessarily suspect if not actually poisonous. Later, when I read for pleasure to be found in style as well as content, it came over me with great force that Quiller-Couch was a master of prose style, both in precept and example. In the last few years I have snared from the shelves
Endoscopy facilities in general practice.
Authors: G. P. Rubin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

signs.We are thus carrying out radioimmune western blot analysis of serum from the same infected children collected at different times after birth to determine a possible diagnostic or prognostic value to the presence or change in titre of IgA or IgM antibodies to different HIV-1 antigens in the course of the syndrome.Bearing in mind that the number of infected children tested must be increased to provide greater statistical significance, we believe that this simple, sensitive, and specific method can be fruitfully applied on a large scale basis for serological diagnosis of congenital HIV-1 infections in neonates born to seropositive mothers.This work was done with the help of the Ministry of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanita Peogetto AIDS), Rome.
THE PROPER PERINEAL PROSTATECTOMY INCISION.
Authors: NICHOLAS SENN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Prostatectomy is the operation which is now attracting much attention among surgeons here and abroad. The more general adoption of this operation is comparatively of recent date. The necessity of the removal of the enlarged prostate gland, the most frequent cause of urinary obstruction in men advanced in years, has been recognized for a long time, but it was not until recently that the technic of the operation has been perfected to a degree that rendered it sufficiently safe to bring it within the scope of feasible and advisable surgical procedures. The literature on this subject is growing with astonishing rapidity. Individual and collective experiences are being published in the medical press at short intervals in bringing to the notice of the profession the different operative procedures which are being devised and practiced. The question as to the most feasible route by which to attach the diseased prostate has not
Effect of a Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogue (SMS 201–995) in a Patient with Pancreatic Cholera
Authors: Paul N. Maton, Thomas M. O'Dorisio, Brent A. Howe, Katherine E. McArthur, John M. Howard, Jay A. Cherner, Thomas B. Malarkey, Martin J. Collen, Jerry D. Gardner, Robert T. Jensen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

PANCREATIC cholera is characterized by watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and acidosis1 and in most cases is due to a non-β-islet-cell tumor of the pancreas that secretes vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine.2 When such tumors are localized to the pancreas, surgical resection may produce a cure, and in patients with metastatic disease streptozocin may reduce the tumor's size and control the symptoms.3 A variety of other agents — corticosteroids,4 lithium,5 metoclopramide,6 clonidine,7 trifluoperazine,8 and indomethacin9 — may also occasionally reduce the diarrhea, and continuous intravenous infusion of somatostatin has also been reported to reduce diarrhea and decrease plasma concentrations . . .
Abstract 3419: NOS1 imparts a survival benefit to PAX-FKHR expressing alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas
Authors: Sheetal V. Bajaj, Violette Shahbazian, Michael J. Anderson, Timothy J. Triche
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. Based on histology, two major forms are identified: embryonal and alveolar. Molecularly, these tumors are classified as translocation-positive alveolar RMS (ARMS, characterized by PAX3-FKHR or PAX7-FKHR chimeric fusions), translocation-negative alveolar RMS (nARMS), and embryonal RMS (ERMS). The PAX-FKHR oncogenes have been shown to be responsible, in part, for the aggressive clinical behavior and poor outcome of ARMS. It is thus important to identify biomarkers in this subgroup that can be used as potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: Using Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST (HuEx) microarrays, genome-wide expression profiles were generated on primary tumors from RMS patients accrued on COG treatment protocols. Data analysis was performed using institutional software (Genetrix) by standard classification methods. Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) was validated by qPCR, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. A functional relationship, if any, to PAX-FKHR was determined by qPCR after siRNA-mediated knockdown of PAX-FKHR in ARMS cell lines and stable transduction of PAX-FKHR into an ERMS cell line. Further, shRNA targeting NOS1 using a lentiviral delivery system was used for functional NOS1 studies in ARMS cell lines. RESULTS: Expression analysis revealed that NOS1 is highly expressed in ARMS with a PAX3 or PAX7 translocation. Little expression was found in nARMS, ERMS or normal muscle. This was confirmed by qPCR and immunoblotting in two independent groups of primary tumors and RMS cell lines. PAX-FKHR knockdown resulted in decreased expression of NOS1 and its corresponding protein in ARMS cell lines. PAX-FKHR expression in an ERMS cell line induced the expression of NOS1 and its corresponding protein where the native cell line showed no corresponding expression. Further, targeting NOS1 using shRNA in ARMS cell line caused decreased NOS1 expression leading to poor cell survival and cell death. CONCLUSIONS: NOS1 is over-expressed in the more aggressive PAX3 or PAX7 ARMS when compared to translocation-negative RMS. Its expression appears to be regulated by PAX-FKHR, a tumor specific chimeric gene that has been implicated in regulating the malignant phenotype of ARMS. It seems to play an important role in the survival of these tumor cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that NOS1 is a downstream effecter of PAX-FKHR mediated oncogenesis and an essential factor for tumor cell survival that could be a therapeutic target, using suitable small molecule therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3419.
Respiratory effects of low-level photochemical air pollution in amateur cyclists.
Authors: B Brunekreef, G Hoek, O Breugelmans, M Leentvaar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

A group of male amateur cyclists was studied in the summer of 1991 in the east of the Netherlands. Lung function was measured before and after training sessions or competitive races on a number of occasions. Continuous heart rate monitors were employed to document exercise levels. Heart rate averaged 161 beats/min during training, and 176 beats/min during races. Exercise duration averaged 75 min. Ozone concentrations during exercise were obtained from the nearest stations of the National Monitoring Network. The difference between pre- and postexercise lung function values was related to these ozone concentrations. Ozone concentrations were low on most occasions with an average of 87 micrograms/m3 and a maximum of 195 micrograms/m3. The difference between pre- and postexercise lung function was found to be negatively related to the ozone concentration during exercise. When all observations obtained at ozone concentrations higher than 120 micrograms/m3 were removed from the analysis, the relationship with ozone was still significant. The data also suggested that effects of ozone on lung function were stronger in midsummer than in the late summer. The difference between pre- and postexercise acute symptoms was positively related to ozone, for shortness of breath, chest tightness, and wheeze. Cough and eye irritation were not related to ozone. These results indicate that in healthy young men vigorously exercising outdoors, ozone is related to lung function changes and acute respiratory symptom changes at low levels of exposure.
Early detection of complications after laparoscopic surgery: summary of a safety report from the National Patient Safety Agency
Authors: T. Lamont, F. Watts, S. Panesar, J. MacFie, D. Matthew
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly common—in 2005-6, 84% of the 49 077 cholecystectomies in England were undertaken laparoscopically.1 The technique is safe for most patients, and advantages include faster recovery and shorter hospital stay. A small number of people develop complications, however, some of which are specific to laparoscopy. These include gas emboli, arrhythmias, and shock when establishing the pneumoperitoneum (first step in any laparoscopic procedure). Injury to the bile duct and other organs is also more likely, given limited vision and control of the operative field compared with open surgery.

Although most injuries are identified and dealt with during surgery, some are difficult to detect. One study of cases from US litigation claims showed that two thirds of laparoscopic injuries were initially missed.2 Some complications—such as diathermy damage to bowel, which results in late perforation or injury to the bile duct—may not present until several days after surgery.3 Late presentation of complications can cause problems because many laparoscopic procedures are done as day cases (sometimes in stand alone units). Signs can be subtle so may be missed by staff caring for patients after discharge in the community or on general wards. Delayed recognition of complications was the second most common reason for English litigation claims relating to laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the past 15 years.4

Between April 2005 and April 2010, healthcare staff in England and Wales reported to the National Patient Safety Agency (NSPA) 11 deaths and 37 serious incidents in patients who had deteriorated after laparoscopic surgery. These incidents are probably greatly under-reported, given what audit data show about complication rates.5

A typical incident reads: “The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, deteriorated a day later. He was diagnosed with pancreatitis and …