tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Group B Streptococcal Infection
Authors: Russel D. Jelsema
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the article from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA),<sup>1</sup>the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) consensus is described as having "resulted in a new standard for detecting GBS [group B streptococcal] colonization in pregnant women. Vaginal-rectal cultures should be obtained at 35 to 37 weeks of gestation and be performed using selective broth media." The impression given by Dr Nightingale is that this is the recommended strategy. In fact, the May 31, 1996, CDC publication<sup>2</sup>stated, "Obstetric care practitioners, in conjunction with supporting laboratories and labor and delivery facilities, should adopt a strategy for the prevention of early onset GBS disease." Two strategies are offered. One provides for obtaining cultures from women at 35 to 37 weeks, and the other for treatment only of women with risk factors as specified by the CDC. While it is not surprising that the lay press and
Abstract 1993: Fishing for artemisinin-interacting proteins from human nasopharyngeal cancer cells
Authors: Tolga Eichhorn, Siegfried Schloissnig, Wolf-Dieter Lehmann, Rolf Mertens, Luise Krauth-Siegel, Thomas Efferth
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Determining cellular target molecules of drugs by chemical proteomic techniques is complex and tedious. Most approaches rely on activity-based probe profiling and compound-centric chemical proteomics. The antimalarial artemisinin also exerts profound anti-cancer activity, but the mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. In the present study, we have identified artemisinin-interacting target proteins from human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE1. Thereby, our approach overcomes usual problems in traditional fishing procedures, because the drug was attached to a polystyrene surface without further chemical modification. Using mass spectrometry we have identified 20 proteins which effect cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, disruption of cell migration, and modulation of nuclear receptor responsiveness. One protein out of the twenty was further investigated in vitro for direct ligand binding. Furthermore, a blind-docking based approach confirmed experimentally identified proteins and suggested further interacting proteins. Theoretically predicted interaction partners may serve as a starting point to complete the whole set of proteins binding artemisinin. In our investigations, we have comprised artemisinins role in cancer treatment in a greater shape through a systematic biological strategy and thus, are able to show novel insights into its mode of action. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1993. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1993
In Vivo Retroviral Mediated Gene Transfer into Bladder Urothelium Results in Preferential Transduction of Tumoral Cells
Authors: N. Dumey, P. Mongiat-Artus, P. Devauchelle, A. Lesourd, J.P. Cotard, A. Le Duc, M. Marty, O. Cussenot, O. Cohen-Haguenauer
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Incidental Detection of Previously Undiagnosed Primary Breast Carcinoma With a Gallium-67 Scan Performed for Evaluation of Occult Infection
Authors: Gregory E. Punch, Michael T. Burtis, Jerry M. Brown
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 63-year-old female patient with a recent left posterior cerebral artery infarction and pyelonephritis presented with persistent fevers despite adequate intravenous antibiotic therapy. Whole-body gallium-67 scintigraphy was performed to evaluate for occult infection. Tracer accumulated bilaterally in the kidneys consistent with the previously diagnosed pyelonephritis. Relatively intense uptake was also noted in the area of a known occipitoparietal infarct. Incidentally noted was an abnormal focus of increased tracer uptake in the retroareolar region of the right breast. Subsequent guided core biopsy of the right breast mass demonstrated a previously undiagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma.
Differences in the Clinical Characteristics of Ethnic Minority Groups With Heart Failure Managed in Specialized Heart Failure Clinics
Authors: Diana Choi, Edson Nemi, Carlos Fernando, Milan Gupta, Gordon W. Moe
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

The purpose of our study was to compare the clinical features of Chinese and South Asians, the 2 largest minority populations in Canada, with non-Chinese/non-South Asian (NCH/NSA) patients managed in common social macroenvironments and healthcare systems. Heart failure is an increasingly prevalent condition. Although ethnic minorities comprise a growing proportion of the population in Western countries, the clinical profiles of ethnic minorities with heart failure are largely unknown. We analyzed records of patients with heart failure managed in 2 specialized clinics in Ontario, Canada. Of the 1,671 patients, 181 (11%) were identified as Chinese and 215 (13%) as South Asian. Our analyses showed that fewer Chinese patients were found to have a history of myocardial infarction (MI) (30% vs. 52%), 3 occluded/stenosed coronary vessels on angiogram (47% vs. 51%), grade 3 or worse left ventricular dysfunction (22% vs. 42%), and a prescription of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (42% vs. 63%) compared with their NCH/NSA counterparts. In contrast, South Asian patients more frequently had a past history of an MI (70% vs. 52%), 3 occluded/stenosed coronary vessels on angiogram (68% vs. 51%), and treatment with coronary revascularizations (55% vs. 40%) compared with NCH/NSA patients. Our study demonstrates important differences in comorbid conditions, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns among Chinese and South Asian patients compared with NCH/NSA patients with heart failure. Awareness of these differences will help to develop differential strategies necessary to prevent and manage heart failure among ethnic minority groups.
Antagonism of ICAM-1 attenuates airway and tissue responses to antigen in sensitized rats.
Authors: T Nagase, Y Fukuchi, T Matsuse, E Sudo, H Matsui, H Orimo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Airway inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 alpha (LFA-1 alpha) and has been shown to be required for leukocyte migration into inflamed area. The purpose of this report was to investigate the role of ICAM-1/LFA-1 alpha pathway in a rat model of extrinsic asthma using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We chose to study ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized Brown-Norway rats, an animal model in which there is a high prevalence of both early (ER) and late responses (LR) after antigen challenge. We measured tracheal and alveolar pressure using alveolar capsules in open-chested, mechanically ventilated animals to calculate resistance of lung (RL), tissue (Rti), and airway (Raw). In the OA group, both ER (RL, Rti, Raw = 263 +/- 16, 235 +/- 10, 309 +/- 38% baseline) and LR (RL, Rti, Raw = 265 +/- 26, 238 +/- 13, 316 +/- 55% baseline) were observed. The administration of mAbs to ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha significantly attenuated the ER (RL, Rti, Raw = 146 +/- 9, 141 +/- 11, 156 +/- 8% baseline) and LR (RL, Rti, Raw = 128 +/- 8, 124 +/- 5, 137 +/- 1% baseline), indicating that both airway and lung tissues were involved in this mechanism. The current observations suggest that ICAM-1/LFA-1 alpha pathway is involved in both the early and late responses in a rat model of allergic asthma. The antagonism of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha may provide a potential therapeutic approach to the early and late responses of bronchial asthma.
Book Review: Adult Obesity: a Paediatric Challenge
Authors: Robin Fox
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Quite suddenly, we are perceiving that one of the greatest threats to human health is obesity. In terms of reduced expectation of life it ranks with tobacco smoking, and the prevalence is rising in most countries, rich and poor. In heart disease, obesity may before long reverse all the population benefits achieved in past decades through control of hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and smoking. The reason is that about one-third of obese individuals, mainly those with central obesity, develop either type 2 diabetes or its milder variant the `metabolic syndrome', in which tissue insulin resistance leads to hyperinsulinaemia, lipid disturbances and excess cardiovascular risk. That is to say nothing of other health hazards.

On receiving a review copy of Adult Obesity: a Paediatric Challenge I noted glumly that it was based on a symposium—often a bad sign in a book. But, leafing through it, I was immediately gripped and finished it at one sitting. The flavour can be had from the titles and contributors—Obesity: a global problem (Philip James); Underactivity or overnutrition? (Ken Fox); Do our genes make us fat? (Philippe Froguel); The seeds are sown in childhood (Terry Wilkin); Social inequalities, nutrition and obesity (Suzi Leather); Self-image and the stigma of obesity (Andrew Hill); The view from primary care (Ian Campbell); Adult obesity: a paediatric challenge (David Hall). The text is exceptionally clear, with little redundancy: I suspect that the editors have done a lot of work.

As the title indicates, the main hope for prevention lies in childhood—especially strategies to increase physical activity. For those who are puzzled by the sudden alarm about obesity, an hour with this book will supply the answer.

PS The price, unfortunately, is correct.
A Functional Polymorphism in <b> <i>RGS6</i> </b> Modulates the Risk of Bladder Cancer
Authors: David M. Berman, Yunfei Wang, Zhengyu Liu, Qiong Dong, Lorri-Anne Burke, Lance A. Liotta, Rory Fisher, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

RGS proteins negatively regulate heterotrimeric G protein signaling. Recent reports have shown that RGS proteins modulate neuronal, cardiovascular, and lymphocytic activity, yet their role in carcinogenesis has not been explored. In an epidemiologic study of 477 bladder cancer patients and 446 matched controls, three noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RGS2 and RGS6 were each associated with a statistically significant reduction in bladder cancer risk. The risk of bladder cancer was reduced by 74% in those individuals with the variant genotype at all three SNPs (odds ratio, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.71). When the SNPs were analyzed separately, the RGS6-rs2074647 (C-->T) polymorphism conferred the greatest overall reduction in risk of bladder cancer (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.95). These reductions in risk were more pronounced in ever smokers, suggesting a gene-environment interaction. In transfection assays, the RGS6-rs2074647 (C-->T) polymorphism increased the activity of a luciferase-RGS fusion protein by 2.9-fold, suggesting that this SNP is functionally significant. Finally, we demonstrate that RGS2 transcripts and several splice variants of RGS6 are expressed in bladder cancer cells. These data provide the first evidence that RGS proteins may be important modulators of cancer risk and validate RGS6 as a target for further study.
Facing Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis — A Hope and a Challenge
Authors: Mario C. Raviglione
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

As of June 2008, a total of 49 countries worldwide reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) at least one case of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Since its first description in March 2006,1 this disease has become the most alarming issue in international tuberculosis control and one that seriously risks compromising the progress observed in many countries over the past decade.2 Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, which is especially frequent among drug-resistant cases in the former Soviet Union, has been linked with very poor treatment outcomes and deemed potentially untreatable in both developing and rich countries.3 Initial evidence has come from observations among . . .
Incidental Detection of Ruptured Spleen during Tc-99m RBC Gastrointestinal Bleeding Study
Authors: CAROLINE CHAMPAGNE, JOHN E POWE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Dynamic Tc-99m red blood cell imaging has proven useful in the detection of sources of gastrointestinal bleeding. Occasionally, incidental findings have been identified during such studies. An unsuspected splenic rupture with ongoing intraperitoneal hemorrhage was identified during a Tc-99m RBC study performed in a patient with suspected gastrointestinal bleeding.
Asynchronies during mechanical ventilation are associated with mortality
Authors: Lluís Blanch, Ana Villagra, Bernat Sales, Jaume Montanya, Umberto Lucangelo, Manel Luján, Oscar García-Esquirol, Encarna Chacón, Anna Estruga, Joan C. Oliva, Alberto Hernández-Abadia, Guillermo M. Albaiceta, Enrique Fernández-Mondejar, Rafael Fernández, Josefina Lopez-Aguilar, Jesús Villar, Gastón Murias, Robert M. Kacmarek
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Use of direct angioplasty for treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction in hospitals with and without on-site cardiac surgery. The Myocardial Infarction, Triage, and Intervention Project Investigators.
Authors: W D Weaver, P E Litwin, J S Martin
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND In the Myocardial Infarction, Triage, and Intervention (MITI) registry of acute myocardial infarction, 441 (12%) of 3750 patients had direct angioplasty as initial treatment. Approximately half (233) were performed in hospitals with no on-site surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS Procedure success rates, use of emergent surgery, and factors influencing outcome were compared in both angioplasty groups as well as with 653 patients treated with thrombolytic therapy in the same hospitals. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between patient groups treated by angioplasty in the two types of hospitals. Patency was established in 88% of patients. Only 1.4% underwent emergent surgery. Overall, survival was 93% but was significantly worse after a failed procedure in all ECG and hemodynamic subsets as well as in those with prior bypass surgery. In a multivariate analysis, age, initial heart rate, blood pressure, and prior bypass surgery but not type of hospital were predictive of survival. Survival rates were similar, but there tended to be fewer strokes (0.6% versus 2.1%, P = .12), shorter hospital stays (7.0 versus 8.1 days, P &lt; .001), and less recurrent ischemia (20% versus 30%, P = .009) in patients treated by angioplasty compared with thrombolysis. Readmission and reinfarction rates were similar for both treatments. CONCLUSIONS Observations from this community registry suggest that mortality after direct angioplasty is low and the use of emergent surgery is infrequent. Outcome in this registry study was dependent on initial hemodynamic findings and infarct location but not on the presence of on-site surgery. Compared with thrombolytic therapy, the incidence of complications was the same or lower, but this needs confirmation in randomized trials.
Mysterium Tremendum et Fascinans
Authors: Mark D. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1990)

"When in doubt, just bring your hands back to here," he said, drawing his arms, crooked at the elbow, back to his chest, as he explained the sterile field. "Right back to the solar plexus." It seemed the natural position to me — hands in front of my chest, folded, as if in prayer. It was a prayer of sorts; a humbledness... reverence... awe. After many years, I now truly understood Rudolf Otto's idea of the holy: a<i>mysterium tremendum et fascinans</i>. Priest or physician, physician or priest: the two vocational choices I had always juggled. Never before had I appreciated the extent to which they share homology. Of course, there is the focus on the helping, even healing, relationship; each also has its rites and rituals. The priest examining his conscience before the sacrifice of the Mass; the physician reflecting on life before the harvesting of a donor heart.
R Factors in Hospital Infection
Authors: F. M. Anderson, N. Datta, E. J. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In order to assess the clinical importance of R factors 524 "coliform" infections were studied in a general hospital. Of these, 95 were caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the remaining 429, 43% were caused by drug-resistant enterobacteria; resistance was frequently multiple and determined by transmissible R factors. Choice of therapy was thus limited but in every case at least one antibiotic, effective in vitro, was still available.
Effect of socioeconomic group on incidence of, management of, and survival after myocardial infarction and coronary death: analysis of community coronary event register
Authors: C. Morrison, M. Woodward, W. Leslie, H. Tunstall-Pedoe
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the effect of socioeconomic group (with reference to age and sex) on the rate of, course of, and survival after coronary events. <b>Design:</b> Community coronary event register from 1985 to 1991. <b>Setting:</b> City of Glasgow north of the River Clyde, population 196 000. <b>Subjects:</b> 3991 men and 1551 women aged 25-64 years on the Glasgow MONICA coronary event register with definite or fatal possible or unclassifiable events according to the criteria of the World Health Organisation9s MONICA project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Rate of coronary events; proportion of subjects reaching hospital alive; case fatality in admitted patients and in community overall. <b>Results:</b> Event rates increased with age for both sexes and were greater in men than women at all ages. The rate increased 1.7-fold in men and 2.4-fold in women from the least (Q1) to the most (Q4) deprived socioeconomic quarter. The socioeconomic gradient decreased with age and was steeper for women than men. The proportion treated in hospital (66%) decreased with age, was greater in women than men, and decreased in both sexes with increasing deprivation (age standardised odds ratio 0.82 for Q4 v Q1) Case fatality in hospital (20%) increased with age, was greater for women than men when age was standardised, and showed no strong socioeconomic pattern. Overall case fatality in the community (50%) increased with age, was similar between the sexes, and increased from Q1 to Q4 (age standardised odds ratio 1.12 in men, 1.18 in women). <b>Conclusions:</b> Socioeconomic group affects not only death rates from myocardial infarction but also event rates and chance of admission. This should be taken into account when different groups of patients are compared. Because social deprivation is associated with so many more deaths outside hospital, primary and secondary prevention are more likely than acute hospital care to reduce the socioeconomic variation in mortality. <h3>Key messages</h3> Socioeconomic variation in rates of coronary events was greater for women than men The largest social class gradient was in the proportion of deaths occurring outside hospital Overall, 68% of all people who died of coronary events did so before admission Acute hospital care applied to only 66% of all cases and therefore could affect only 32% of all deaths Reduction in socioeconomic variation in mortality from coronary disease is best addressed by reducing the variation of event rates-that is, by primary and secondary prevention Allocation of resources for reduction of coronary mortality should take account of social class differences and the relative potential effect of hospital care and primary and secondary prevention
BMP2 activity, although dispensable for bone formation, is required for the initiation of fracture healing
Authors: Kunikazu Tsuji, Amitabha Bandyopadhyay, Brian D Harfe, Karen Cox, Sanjeev Kakar, Louis Gerstenfeld, Thomas Einhorn, Clifford J Tabin, Vicki Rosen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Serum screening for Down's syndrome. Private screening is problematic.
Authors: T M Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1993)

distress.This test, with a positive predictive value of less than 3%,4 will generate many false positive results.Women who receive a positive result from a screening test are entitled to much greater support than they now receive.The costs of such a service would, however, outweigh the benefits of routine screening.Districts now considering the introduction of such a programme should bear in mind the maxim quoted by Marteau: "first do no harm.
Cigarette smoking in men may be a risk factor for increased severity of psoriasis of the extremities
Authors: M.A. Gupta, A.K. Gupta, G.N. Watteel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 135, Issue 5 p. 859-860 Cigarette smoking in men may be a risk factor for increased severity of psoriasis of the extremities M.A. Gupta, M.A. Gupta Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorA.K. Gupta, A.K. Gupta Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorG.N. Watteel, G.N. Watteel Department of Statistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author M.A. Gupta, M.A. Gupta Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorA.K. Gupta, A.K. Gupta Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorG.N. Watteel, G.N. Watteel Department of Statistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb03909.xCitations: 38AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume135, Issue5November 1996Pages 859-860 RelatedInformation
Bullous erythema ab igne
Authors: N. Flanagan, R. Watson, E. Sweeney, I. Barnes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Bullous erythema ab igne Get access N. Flanagan, N. Flanagan Department of Dermatology, St James's Hospital Dublin 8 Ireland, Eire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Watson, R. Watson Department of Dermatology, St James's Hospital Dublin 8 Ireland, Eire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Sweeney, E. Sweeney Department of Pathology, St James's Hospital Dublin 8 Ireland, Eire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Barnes I. Barnes Department of Dermatology, St James's Hospital Dublin 8 Ireland, Eire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 6, 1 June 1996, Pages 1159–1160, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07973.x Published: 01 June 1996
Fosmidomycin for malaria
Authors: Michel A Missinou, Steffen Borrmann, Andreas Schindler, Saadou Issifou, Ayola A Adegnika, Pierre-Blaise Matsiegui, Ronald Binder, Bertrand Lell, Jochen Wiesner, Thomas Baranek, Hassan Jomaa, Peter G Kremsner
Journal: The Lancet (2002)