tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cerebral near infrared spectroscopy oximetry in extremely preterm infants: phase II randomised clinical trial
Authors: S. Hyttel-Sorensen, A. Pellicer, T. Alderliesten, T. Austin, F. van Bel, M. Benders, O. Claris, E. Dempsey, A. R. Franz, M. Fumagalli, C. Gluud, B. Grevstad, C. Hagmann, P. Lemmers, W. van Oeveren, G. Pichler, A. M. Plomgaard, J. Riera, L. Sanchez, P. Winkel, M. Wolf, G. Greisen
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> As single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is becoming increasingly common, the amount of publicly available data grows rapidly, generating a useful resource for computational method development and extension of published results. Although processed data matrices are typically made available in public repositories, the procedure to obtain these varies widely between data sets, which may complicate reuse and cross-data set comparison. Moreover, while many statistical methods for performing differential expression analysis of scRNA-seq data are becoming available, their relative merits and the performance compared to methods developed for bulk RNA-seq data are not sufficiently well understood. <h3>Results</h3> We present <i>conquer</i>, a collection of consistently processed, analysis-ready public single-cell RNA-seq data sets. Each data set has count and transcripts per million (TPM) estimates for genes and transcripts, as well as quality control and exploratory analysis reports. We use a subset of the data sets available in <i>conquer</i> to perform an extensive evaluation of the performance and characteristics of statistical methods for differential gene expression analysis, evaluating a total of 30 statistical approaches on both experimental and simulated scRNA-seq data. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Considerable differences are found between the methods in terms of the number and characteristics of the genes that are called differentially expressed. Pre-filtering of lowly expressed genes can have important effects on the results, particularly for some of the methods originally developed for analysis of bulk RNA-seq data. Generally, however, methods developed for bulk RNA-seq analysis do not perform notably worse than those developed specifically for scRNA-seq.
Nitinol Stent Implantation Versus Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in Superficial Femoral Artery Lesions up to 10 cm in Length
Authors: Hans Krankenberg, Michael Schlüter, Hermann J. Steinkamp, Karlheinz Bürgelin, Dierk Scheinert, Karl-Ludwig Schulte, Erich Minar, Patrick Peeters, Marc Bosiers, Gunnar Tepe, Bernhard Reimers, Felix Mahler, Thilo Tübler, Thomas Zeller
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Endoluminal treatment of superficial femoral artery lesions is a matter of controversy. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of nitinol stenting of superficial femoral artery lesions with a maximum length of 10 cm on restenosis and clinical outcomes at 1 year. Methods and Results— Two hundred forty-four patients (168 men; 66±9 years) with a single superficial femoral artery lesion and chronic limb ischemia were randomized to implantation of a single Bard Luminexx 3 stent (123 patients) or stand-alone percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (121 patients). Mean lesion length was 45 mm. Technical success (residual stenosis &lt;50% for PTA, &lt;30% for stenting) was achieved in 96 patients assigned to PTA (79%) and 117 patients assigned to stenting (95%); 13 PTA group patients (11%) “crossed over” to stenting. At 1 year, the primary end point of ultrasound-assessed binary restenosis was reached in 39 of 101 PTA group patients (38.6%) and 32 of 101 stent group patients (31.7%; absolute treatment difference, −6.9%; 95% CI, −19.7% to 6.2%; P =0.377). Target lesion revascularization rates at 1 year were 18.3% and 14.9%, respectively (absolute treatment difference, −3.3%; 95% CI, −13.0% to 6.4%; P =0.595). No statistically significant difference between treatment groups was observed at 12 months in the improvement by at least 1 Rutherford category of peripheral arterial disease. Conclusions— In the present study of patients with short superficial femoral artery lesions, the hypothesized absolute difference of 20% in binary restenosis at 1 year between the implantation of a single Luminexx nitinol stent and stand-alone PTA could not be demonstrated. A smaller difference requiring a larger trial might have been missed.
Unexpected problems with patient controlled analgesia.
Authors: M. Farmer, N. J. Harper
Journal: BMJ (1992)

ground.2Damage to the mitral valve may occur when the heart is violently compressed at the end ofdiastole, when the left ventricle is full.'This may cause rupture of the chordae tendineae or papillary muscles or damage to the valve leaflets themselves.4In severe cases symptoms may occur directly after the injury, but in some cases they may be delayed for several years.'Our patient's posterior mitral valve prolapse was probably due to damage to the chordae tendineae sustained during the crush at the football ground.Such cases have medicolegal implications as mitral valve surgery may become necessary.
THE BACTERIAL TOXINS.
Authors: VICTOR C. VAUGHAN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our object in presenting this paper is merely to outline the theory of the nature and action of the bacterial toxins which we are endeavoring to demonstrate, and to describe our method of work and the results which we have reached through the experiments we have so far made, which are very incomplete and really only a beginning toward the thorough working out of the subject.  We have been led by observation of many facts concerning the pathogenic bacteria and their action in the various infectious diseases, their resistance to heat, to disinfectants and stains, etc., and by the results of some investigations carried on by others and by ourselves with certain species of these organisms to formulate a theory which we believe to be in some respects new, and which may be stated as follows: The specific poisons of the pathogenic bacteria are formed within the bacterial cells, and
Individual variation between general practitioners in labelling of hypertension.
Authors: T D Smith, D Clayton
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Variation in labelling of hypertension by individual general practitioners was studied during a continuous opportunistic screening programme for hypertension in a single general practice with 12 principals. All the general practitioners agreed to label as hypertensive patients with systolic pressures of greater than or equal to 200 mm Hg or diastolic pressures of greater than or equal to 110 mm Hg on three consecutive readings. The overall number of patients labelled hypertensive at the beginning of the screening programme was 505 and this rose to 801 after five years. There was a large variation in the numbers of patients recorded as hypertensive at the start of the screening period, with numbers ranging from eight to 112 for individual practitioners. The variation persisted during the screening period, with the numbers of patients detected by individual general practitioners ranging from four to 46. The average systolic and diastolic pressures recorded among these patients also varied between doctors, and only 24 out of 187 patients had their high pressures recorded on three occasions and so fully met the criteria for diagnosing hypertension. Clearly, general practitioners are following their own individual criteria in defining hypertension and taking into account factors other than just the measured blood pressure.
Development of novel self-assembled DS-PLGA hybrid nanoparticles for improving oral bioavailability of vincristine sulfate by P-gp inhibition
Authors: Guixia Ling, Peng Zhang, Wenping Zhang, Jin Sun, Xiaoxue Meng, Yimeng Qin, Yihui Deng, Zhonggui He
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Van Gogh: Meniere's Disease? Epilepsy? Psychosis?-Reply
Authors: I. Kaufman Arenberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply. —  The causes of van Gogh's illness and bizarre behavior remain controversial. Meniere's disease is a plausible explanation, while the accepted diagnosis of epilepsy or other seizure disorders are, at best, questionable. Van Gogh's loss of consciousness could have been syncope during violent attacks of vertigo. None of van Gogh's descriptions support a diagnosis of seizures by today's rigid criteria. We focused only on Meniere's disease vs epilepsy now and in the 1800s, and not on an extensive differential diagnosis including psychopathology. The psychological aspects of vertigo and stress in Meniere's disease are reviewed elsewhere.1  We did not mean to suggest that a diagnosis of Meniere's disease would explain everything. Van Gogh's bizarre behavior cannot be explained by a diagnosis of Meniere's disease, and we agree that van Gogh had more than one problem and may have suffered from manicdepressive illness as well as substance abuse and
Urinary Transforming Growth Factor-β Excretion in Patients With Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, and Elevated Albumin Excretion Rate
Authors: Christine A. Houlihan, Aysel Akdeniz, Con Tsalamandris, Mark E. Cooper, George Jerums, Richard E. Gilbert
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a prosclerotic growth factor implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. In addition to high glucose, other factors implicated in renal fibrosis and increased TGF-β synthesis include angiotensin II and high dietary sodium intake. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of angiotensin receptor blockade (ARB) and dietary sodium restriction on the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of TGF-β in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated albumin excretion rate (AER). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Twenty-one subjects with hypertension and AER between 10 and 200 μg/min were randomized to receive either 50 mg losartan daily (n = 11) or placebo (n = 10). Drug therapy was given in two 4-week phases, separated by a 4-week washout period. In the last 2 weeks of each phase, patients were assigned to regular- or low-sodium diets in random order. Parameters measured at week 0 and 4 of each phase included plasma TGF-β concentration, TGF-β urinary excretion, AER, clinic mean arterial blood pressure, and urinary sodium excretion. RESULTS—Plasma TGF-β was unaffected by losartan treatment or sodium intake. In the losartan group, urinary TGF-β excretion decreased by 23.2% (−39.2 and 13.6) [median (interquartile range)] and 38.5% (−46.8 and −6.1) in the regular- and low-sodium phases, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.05 for drug effect). In the placebo group, median changes of 0.0% (−12.1 and 44.4) and 0.0% (−29.2 and 110.7) occurred in the regular- and low-sodium phases, respectively. Sodium restriction did not affect urinary TGF-β excretion in either losartan- or placebo-treated patients (P = 0.54 for overall dietary effect), and there was no evidence of interaction between drug and diet (P = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS—In hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with elevated AER, the ARB losartan, but not sodium restriction, reduced urinary TGF-β excretion. These data suggest that the renoprotective effects of losartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy may include a reduction in renal TGF-β production.
TCTAP A-002 Paclitaxel-coated Balloon Versus Paclitaxel-eluting Stent for the Treatment of Diffuse DES In-stent Restenotic Lesions: A Substudy of PEPCAD China ISR Trial
Authors: Ye-lin Zhao, Bo Xu, Jie Qian, Jian-an Wang, Shao-liang Chen, Yue-jing Yang, Jun-bo Ge, Run-lin Gao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
THE ACID INTOXICATION THEORY.
Authors: OTTO FOLIN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

To Boussingault<sup>1</sup>belongs the credit for the important discovery that diabetic urines usually contain extraordinarily large amounts of ammonia. Naunyn and Magnus Levy, and with them all modern writers on acidosis, ascribe this discovery to Hallerworden, though Hallerworden himself wrote of his results as confirming the much earlier findings of Boussingault. The reason why Boussingault's excellent work has been allowed to be forgotten is evidently the highly unfavorable criticisms passed on his analytical technic by his German contemporaries, yet it has turned out, as was definitely shown four years ago by Shaffer,<sup>2</sup>that Boussingault's technic was distinctly superior to that of his critics. The discovery of oxybutyric acid in diabetic urines was the logical outcome of Stadelmann's endeavor to account for their high ammonia contents.<sup>3</sup>It is perhaps worth noting that this discovery came at a time when French autointoxication hypotheses were attracting much attention, and Stadelmann
The ovine Booroola fecundity gene (FecB) is linked to markers from a region of human chromosome 4q
Authors: G. W. Montgomery, A. M. Crawford, J. M. Penty, K. G. Dodds, A. J. Ede, H. M. Henry, C. A. Pierson, E. A. Lord, S. M. Galloway, A. E. Schmack, J. A. Sise, P. A. Swarbrick, V. Hanrahan, F. C. Buchanan, D. F. Hill
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Definitions of Terrorism—Reply
Authors: Marc Gelkopf, Avraham Bleich, Zehava Solomon
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Shell shock, Gordon Holmes and the Great War
Authors: A D Macleod
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Gordon Holmes (1876-1965), an athletic choleric Irishman, was appointed consultant neurologist to the British Army in France in early 1915 and served until soon after the Armistice. After the war he established himself as a leading British neurologist and a master of systemic clinical neurological examination.1 Holmes wrote nothing of his views or experience with shell-shock patients in this war; his submission to the Committee of Enquiry into shell shock in 1922 was negligible.2 Yet McDonald Critchley's last conversation with Holmes indicated that, even at the age of 89, memories of these experiences were still upon him.3

It was on the battlefield that he began his work on the representation of vision in the cerebral cortex, perhaps his greatest achievement.4 His medical role in the army was an important one, for it was neurologists who attended the nervous patient—not psychiatrists, who worked in the asylums with the psychotic and organically impaired. We know from the bitter memoirs of Dr Charles Myers,5 whom Holmes appointed as 'specialist in nerve shock' and subsequently clinical psychologist to the British Army, that Holmes was highly influential in the management of shell-shock cases. This article proposes that Holmes participated in, and may have masterminded, a radical change of clinical practice.
BLOOD CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION IN URTICARIA.
Authors: HERMAN BROWN, SIGMUND S. GREENBAUM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1930)

Journal Article BLOOD CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION IN URTICARIA. Get access HERMAN BROWN, B.S., HERMAN BROWN, B.S. (From the Research Institute of Cutaneous Medicine, Philadelphia.) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SIGMUND S. GREENBAUM, M.D. SIGMUND S. GREENBAUM, M.D. (From the Research Institute of Cutaneous Medicine, Philadelphia.) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 42, Issue 4, 1 April 1930, Pages 183–189, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1930.tb15780.x Published: 01 April 1930
An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Subsection of Otology
Authors: E. Woakes
Journal: BMJ (1887)

ensuni6 that sccesssto oenr meeti'ng which 'it' hasb6'en our earnest wish and effort to obtain, and for the full attainment of which end your presence is the guarantee.For myself, if a zealous desire to do my part when called upon by 'the Couincil of this Association has em- boldened me to accept the highly flattering invitation to preside over this Subsection, it has been none the less with full conviction of my feeblt claim to suidh distinction 'that I have, with many misgivings, approached the undertaking.While, then, I would express my highest appreciation of this.honour conferrqd, and rqtrn my heartiest than nks for the great compliment paid.me, I w'would still more, if a' stronger feeling than one, of gratification "were possible to meat this moment, crave your indulgence for-any shortcomings on my part.'Though a certain anxiety thus mingles with the sense of pride which one more worthy than I might well experience on this the first occasion when our special branches have had their separate and distipptive.place assigned to them in the varied sectional work of this annual gather- ing, yet sucI conscious doubting grows insignificant contrasted with the privileke'1 obtain 'ln' meeting here in conference with you' and in taking profit and,advice from your united experiences.To you who have so contributed: to/the history of our specialty by your-researqhes an4 through your written records, any allusions from me tcq details,,:f progress would.beilbtimed and even presumptuous, For allthe6,e' sta;ges, from the time when the. laryngoscope first gave
Nailing West Nile Virus
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Studies on the characteristics of the control system governing sodium excretion in uremic man
Authors: Eduardo Slatopolsky, Ivan O. Elkan, Carol Weerts, Neal S. Bricker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Sodium excretion was studied in a group of patients with chronic renal disease, (a) on constant salt intakes of varying amounts with and without mineralocorticoid hormone administration and, (b) after acute extracellular fluid volume expansion. The lower the steady-state glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the greater was the fraction of filtered sodium excreted on both a 3.5 and 7.0 g salt diet; and the lower the GFR, the greater was the change in fractional excretion in the transition from the 3.5 to the 7.0 g salt diet. This regulatory capacity did not appear to be influenced by mineralocorticoid hormone administration. After acute expansion of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, the increment in sodium excretion exceeded the concomitant increment in filtered sodium in six of nine studies and in the remaining three studies, the increment in excretion averaged 59% of the Delta filtered load (i.e., only 41% of the increase in filtered sodium was reabsorbed). During saline loading, the decrease in fractional reabsorption of sodium tended to vary inversely with the steady-state GFR, although all patients received approximately the same loading volume. When an edema-forming stimulus was applied during saline infusion, the natriuretic response was aborted and the lag time was relatively short. When GFR and the filtered load of sodium were increased without volume expansion, the Delta sodium excretion averaged only 19% of the Delta filtered load; moreover, changes in fractional sodium reabsorption were considerably smaller than those observed during saline loading. The data implicate the presence of a factor other than GFR and mineralocorticoid changes in the modulation of sodium excretion in uremic man.
Sex Education in Schools— A Polemic
Authors: B. Y. Glassberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your editorial on "Sex Education in the Schools" is an excellent presentation of the narrower aspect of a basic concept. But it fails to delineate the ultimate purpose: education for personal and family living. During the years 1944 to 1959 I addressed thousands of students in all the St. Louis public high schools. I taught that the total personality must be integrated, that the facets (sexual and nonsexual) must be fitted together to create an harmonious whole, and that goals must be clearly set forth. Education concerned with the anatomy of physiology of the sexual organs or the ravages of venereal disease overlook sexuality: the use to which the individual puts his God-given capacities for sexual expression and response. He must choose between an impulsive, transient, and exploitative liaison and the warm, empathic, continuously supportive companionship of mutually rewarding marriage. Your editorial writer may retort that this
Communications between General Practitioners and Consultants
Authors: A. Long, J. B. Atkins
Journal: BMJ (1974)

During 1972-3 a survey was made of the pattern of communication between 80 consultants in four hospitals in south-east England and 100 general practitioners in the catchment areas of these hospitals. This aimed to identify the factors which affect the efficiency of communication between these two groups and to look for ways of improving this.Face to face contact between consultants and general practitioners was extremely limited. The main communication links were the letters of referral and discharge, but even this form of communication had serious defects. Though most doctors were satisfied with communications in general the evidence suggested ways of improving communication between consultants and general practitioners, such as encouraging domiciliary visits where both doctors are present and consultant sessions in health centres, but that any innovation in this field could only be successful if the attitude of the consultants and general practitioners were in harmony with the new venture.