tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implications of inorganic/organic interconversion on fluxes of arsenic in marine food webs.
Authors: W R Penrose, H B Conacher, R Black, J C Méranger, W Miles, H M Cunningham, W R Squires
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

An organic form of arsenic is commonly encountered in marine organisms; in greysole and shrimp, it accounted for all arsenic found in muscle tissue. It has been isolated from flounder tissue by two independent procedures; it was hydrophilic, cationic, and was not decomposed to inorganic arsenic by hot nitric and sulfuric acids. NMR spectroscopy indicated all nonexchangeable protons to be equivalent; they behaved more like N-methyl protons than As-methyl protons. High-resolution mass spectroscopy from a heated probe yielded a spectrum corresponding to tetramethylarsonium (AsMe4+); the authentic ion, however, had TLC and ion-exchange behavior different from that of the natural product. Infrared spectrometry likewise produced conflicting or uninterpretable data. Decomposition of the compound for analytical purposes was accomplished by dry ashing under oxidizing conditions. Sea urchins, like trout, converted arsenic to an organic form, but to a more limited degree. Arsenic found naturally in sea urchins and in a species of macroalga was also organic. In individual containers, sea urchins were fed on the alga for 7 weeks. During this time they consumed 0.203 +/- 0.075 mg total As and excreted only 0.036 +/- 0.015 mg as feces. Measurement of inorganic As in the seawater did not account for the discrepancy, but measurements of total As did (0.202 +/- 0.095 mg). Sea urchins, like humans, appear to be able to rapidly excrete these organic forms of arsenic.
STUDIES OF THE VISUAL FIELDS IN FUNCTIONAL HEADACHES OF PITUITARY ORIGIN
Authors: BEULAH CUSHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

While a study was being made of headaches which had been treated in the past six years with the roentgen rays and glandular extracts, the similarities of the visual field were strikingly alike and seemed of enough importance to report. Headache as a symptom is probably the most common complaint which brings the patient to the ophthalmologist. In a few cases in which correction of the refractive error did  relieve the cephalalgia, a study made with the aid of the internist, the roentgenologist and visual fields led to the belief that these headaches are of pituitary origin.  Pituitary headaches as described by Engelbach and Tierney1is a term not to be used to apply to the type of headache caused by neoplasms of the pituitary or other brain tumors. It has been established by these authors that the pituitary gland, almost equally with the thyroid, is concerned in
Prospective, randomized trial of prolonged intracoronary urokinase infusion for chronic total occlusions in native coronary arteries
Authors: Frank J. Zidar, Barry M. Kaplan, William W. O'Neill, Denise E. Jones, Theodore L. Schreiber, Robert D. Safian, Steven C. Ajluni, John Sobolski, Gerald C. Timmis, Cindy L. Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Bone and Development
Authors: Danny Chan
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quality of Care and Patient Outcomes in Critical Access Rural Hospitals
Authors: Karen E. Joynt, Yael Harris, E. John Orav, Ashish K. Jha
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Critical access hospitals (CAHs) play a crucial role in the US rural safety net. Current policy efforts have focused primarily on helping these small, isolated hospitals remain financially viable to ensure access for individuals living in rural areas in the United States; however, little is known about the quality of care they provide or the outcomes their patients achieve.<h3>Objectives</h3>To examine the quality of care and patient outcomes at CAHs and to understand why patterns of care might differ for CAHs vs non-CAHs.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>A retrospective analysis in 4738 US hospitals of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (10 703 for CAHs vs 469 695 for non-CAHs), congestive heart failure (CHF) (52 927 for CAHs vs 958 790 for non-CAHs), and pneumonia (86 359 for CAHs vs 773 227 for non-CAHs) who were discharged in 2008-2009.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Clinical capabilities, performance on processes of care, and 30-day mortality rates, adjusted for age, sex, race, and medical comorbidities.<h3>Results</h3>Compared with other hospitals (n = 3470), 1268 CAHs (26.8%) were less likely to have intensive care units (380 [30.0%] vs 2581 [74.4%], P &lt; .001), cardiac catheterization capabilities (6 [0.5%] vs 1654 [47.7%], P &lt; .001), and at least basic electronic health records (80 [6.5%] vs 445 [13.9%], P &lt; .001). The CAHs had lower performance on processes of care than non-CAHs for all 3 conditions examined (concordance with Hospital Quality Alliance process measures for AMI, 91.0% [95% CI, 89.7%-92.3%] vs 97.8% [95% CI, 97.7%-97.9%]; for CHF, 80.6% [95% CI, 79.2%-82.0%] vs 93.5% [95% CI, 93.3%-93.7%]; and for pneumonia, 89.3% [95% CI, 88.6%-90.0%] vs 93.7% [95% CI, 93.6%-93.9%]; P &lt; .001 for each). Patients admitted to CAHs had higher 30-day mortality rates for each condition than those admitted to non-CAHs (for AMI: 23.5% vs 16.2%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61-1.80; P &lt; .001; for CHF: 13.4% vs 10.9%; adjusted OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.23-1.32; P &lt; .001; and for pneumonia: 14.1% vs 12.1%; adjusted OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.16-1.24; P &lt; .001).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Compared with non-CAHs, CAHs had fewer clinical capabilities, worse measured processes of care, and higher mortality rates for patients with AMI, CHF, or pneumonia.
Emergency ambulance triage
Authors: P. Marks, T. Daniel
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Mr Thakore and colleagues (March 2002 JRSM1) conclude that 55% of calls for emergency ambulances did not merit an immediate response. As they acknowledge, the design of the study was not ideal. The initial reason for the request was determined from ambulance crew and accident and emergency (A&E) data after the patient had been seen. This will almost inevitably introduce bias when applying the triage criteria, and the assessment should have been blinded. Also, it is much easier to make such determinations in hindsight, with additional time and clinical information, than when faced with a real call when one has to consider the consequences of the decision reached.

It is surprising that this paper makes no reference to priority-based dispatch systems, such as the Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS), as these are currently used by most ambulance services in the UK. These systems have been shown to have a low risk of serious under-prioritization of life-threatening episodes2. However, work that we have undertaken in Nottingham suggests that they may not be very effective in predicting low-priority 999 calls3.

The NHS Executive has stressed the importance of developing telephone prioritization systems that will free ambulance services from having to respond to ‘patients who dialled 999 but who do not need emergency care’4. We believe this may be difficult to achieve. Appropriate and effective telephone triage on non-emergency 999 calls requires a greater understanding of the relationship between the initial telephone assessment by ambulance control and the subsequent outcome of the individual call. Without these data we will not be able to ensure that such a system could operate safely and we endorse the authors' views that prospective studies are essential to assess the feasibility of accurately identifying lower priority calls.
THE PROPERDIN SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
Authors: Louis Pillemer, Maurice Landy, Murray J. Shear
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

High molecular weight polysaccharide complexes derived from normal and neoplastic mammalian tissues were found to combine with properdin and to inactivate C'3 in vitro. These polysaccharide preparations were also found to alter properdin levels and non-specific resistance to Gram-negative infection in mice. In these manifestations, the tissue polysaccharides bore a marked resemblance to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Some implications of the interactions of tissue polysaccharides and properdin in certain disease states are considered.
AUTOSENSITIZATION TO SKIN.
Authors: ARTHUR ROOK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

“But how shall we expect charity towards others, when we are uncharitable to ourselves? Charity begins at home, is the voice of the world: yet is every man his greatest enemy, and as it were, his own executioner.”Sir Thomas Browne.Eeligio Medici. Part II, Section IV.
Hunt refers reorganisation of children's heart surgery to independent panel
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A full review of the proposal to close three children’s heart surgery units in England has been ordered by the health secretary, Jeremy Hunt.

The review, by the independent reconfiguration panel of the Department of Health, follows hard fought campaigns by staff and patients’ groups and lobbying by local politicians to try to save the units.

The axing of children’s congenital heart surgery services at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, Leeds General Infirmary, and Glenfield Hospital in Leicester was recommended by the “Safe and Sustainable” review of children’s congenital heart services, with the aim of concentrating complex operations in fewer but larger units.1

The plan to concentrate services at seven centres in England was prompted by the inquiry into children’s heart surgery deaths in Bristol between 1984 and 1995, which found that some children …
Human Reproductive Physiology
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The radical changes that have taken place in the field of reproduction in the past decade alone, changes that stagger the imagination, have been due not only to that ubiquitous entity "technology," but to our rapidly increasing knowledge of chemistry and animal and human physiology. It is impossible to practice good clinical obstetrics and gynecology without a proper understanding of such advances, which may help to explain the number of published books and journals each year devoting themselves to these sciences. One may mention in passing, for example, the need to have knowledge of electronic fetal monitoring, amniocentesis, prolactin, and the prostaglandins. <i>Human Reproductive Physiology</i>is the second edition of a book originally published in 1972, edited by Rodney P. Shearman and coauthored by a number of his Australian colleagues with several British and American clinical collaborators. Despite increased information that has been made available in recent years, this edition,
Plasma apoproteins and the severity of coronary artery disease.
Authors: S P Sedlis, K B Schechtman, P A Ludbrook, B E Sobel, G Schonfeld
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins in 281 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were correlated with the incidence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) to determine if measurements of apoprotein levels are more predictive of the presence and severity of CAD than the corresponding levels of lipoprotein lipids. In 156 men with CAD among 194 men in the study the only variable other than age that correlated with the severity of CAD, defined by the number of lesions and percent stenosis, was the ratio of apoprotein AI to apoprotein B (r = .1908, p less than .03). The ratio of apoprotein AI to apoprotein B was a more accurate predictor of the severity of CAD than was the ratio of the corresponding high-density to low-density lipoprotein levels (coefficients of partial determination of .07 and .035; p less than .001 and p less than .07, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent effect of the ratio of apoprotein AI to apoprotein B on the severity of CAD even after adjustments were made for lipid levels, age, presence of hypertension or diabetes, and therapy with beta-blockers or diuretics. Among men with total occlusion of a coronary artery apoprotein E and apoprotein B levels were significantly higher than in control subjects with a similar extent of CAD (p less than .03). The lipid profiles of the 37 women with CAD were very different from those of the men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EMLA cream as a topical anesthetic for the repeated mechanical debridement of venous leg ulcers: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Catherine Lok, Carle Paul, Pierre Amblard, Didier Bessis, Clélia Debure, Brigitte Faivre, Bernard Guillot, Jean Paul Ortonne, Gunilla Huledal, Bernard Kalis
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)
Brain SPECT With Neuro-Behcet Disease
Authors: NAOTO WATANABE, HIKARU SETO, SHINICHI SATO, MASASHI SIMIZU, YI-WEI WU, MASANARI KAGEYAMA, KUNINORI NOMURA, MASAO KAKISHITA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A patient with neuro-Behcet disease is described. SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO was performed to evaluate brain perfusion. The brain SPECT revealed decreased perfusion in the right frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. MRI showed high intensity lesions in the white matter in the right periventricular centrum semiovale and frontal region on T2 weighted images. Gray matter abnormalities were evident on brain SPECT, but not on MRI. Brain SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO may provide useful clinical information on regional cerebral cortical abnormalities associated with neuro-Behcet disease.
P82 Induced sputum is a feasible diagnostic tool in children with chronic cough possibly due to asthma
Authors: EA Gorman, J Bell, J Murray, J McCaughey, D O'Donoghue, MD Shields
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic cough is a common childhood symptom, reported in 22% of preschool children. Many are misdiagnosed as asthmatic. Induced sputum (IS) using hypertonic saline (HTS) has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with cough; its bronchoconstriction effects being used as a test for the bronchial hyper-reactivity (BHR) in asthma (ISSAC study). Conversely it is used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of bronchiolitis and pre-school wheeze. Sputum eosinophilia indicates airway inflammation in keeping with a diagnosis of asthma. This study aimed to determine if IS is a feasible diagnostic tool in children with problem cough query asthma. In addition we wished to determine the relationship between BHR to HTS and the eosinophil count in sputum. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective review of children with problem cough who underwent sputum induction with nebulised 3% HTS. Sputum samples were obtained for microbiology, virology and differential cell count. Spirometry was performed before and after administration of 3% HTS. Change in FEV<sub>1</sub> (Δ FEV<sub>1</sub> = FEV<sub>1</sub> post HTS minus FEV<sub>1</sub> pre HTS) was used as a measure of BHR. Correlation between Δ FEV<sub>1</sub> and sputum eosinophilia was calculated using Spearmen rank coefficient. <h3>Results</h3> 146 patients referred for IS between 2001 and January 2013 were included. Mean age = 8 years (range = 2 to 13), mean cough duration = 4.25 years (range 0.17 to 11.5). Sputum induction was successful in 131 patients (89%). 12 children (8%) became symptomatic; 4% required test termination. 44 children increased FEV<sub>1</sub> with 12 having &gt;9% FEV<sub>1</sub> increase. 63 children reduced FEV<sub>1 </sub>with 21 having &gt; 9% reduction. Viral or bacterial pathogens were identified in 29% of samples obtained. Sputum eosinophilia (eosinophil count &gt; 3%) was present in 66% of samples obtained. There was no correlation between FEV<sub>1</sub> and sputum eosinophilia (R = 0.04). <h3>Conclusions</h3> IS is a feasible and safe tool in children with problem chronic cough, aiding diagnosis with spirometry and sputum analysis. However BHR induced with HTS does not correlate with sputum eosinophilia. Several children increased FEV<sub>1</sub> with HTS administration, suggesting it may have a therapeutic role in the treatment of some children with chronic cough.
Astrocyte elevated gene-1: Recent insights into a novel gene involved in tumor progression, metastasis and neurodegeneration
Authors: Luni Emdad, Devanand Sarkar, Zao-Zhong Su, Seok-Geun Lee, Dong-Chul Kang, Jeffrey N. Bruce, David J. Volsky, Paul B. Fisher
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2007)
Calcium antagonists and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: A Cohort study of 11,575 patients
Authors: Shimon Braun, Valentina Boyko, Solomon Behar, Henrietta Reicher-Reiss, Avi Shotan, Zwi Schlesinger, Tiberio Rosenfeld, Abraham Palant, Aharon Friedensohn, Shlomo Laniado, Uri Goldbourt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase protein expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is decreased after an isoenergetic low-fat high-complex carbohydrate diet in the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Anneke M.J. van Hees, Johan W.E. Jocken, Yvonne Essers, Helen M. Roche, Wim H.M. Saris, Ellen E. Blaak
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
995-16 Endothelial Dysfunction of Spasm-related Coronary Artery in Patients with Variant Angina
Authors: Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park, Jae-Joong Kim, Jae-Kwan Song, Myeong-Ki Hong, Duk-Hyun Kang, Sang Sig Cheong, Simon Jong-Koo Lee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Identifying Women With Cervical Neoplasia
Authors: M. Michele Manos, Walter K. Kinney, Leo B. Hurley, Mark E. Sherman, Jen Shieh-Ngai, Robert J. Kurman, Janice E. Ransley, Barbara J. Fetterman, James S. Hartinger, Karen M. McIntosh, Gene F. Pawlick, Robert A. Hiatt
Journal: JAMA (1999)

A Papanicolaou (Pap) test result of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) presents a clinical challenge. Only 5% to 10% of women with ASCUS harbor serious cervical disease, but more than one third of the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in screening populations are identified from ASCUS Pap test results.To determine whether human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing of residual material from liquid-based Pap tests and referral of cases found to be HPV-positive directly to colposcopy could provide sensitive detection of underlying HSILs in women with ASCUS Pap results, compared with repeat Pap testing.Natural history of women with ASCUS Pap smear results, all of whom had liquid-based cytology, HPV testing, and subsequent repeat Pap tests and colposcopy with histologic evaluation, conducted at 12 gynecology clinics in a large managed care organization between October 1995 and June 1996.From a cohort of 46009 women who had routine cervical examinations, 995 women with Pap test results of ASCUS who consented to participate were identified.Cervical histology, HPV test results, and repeat Pap smear results, and sensitivity of HPV testing to identify patients found to have HSIL+ histology.Of 995 participants with ASCUS Pap test results, 973 had both a definitive histologic diagnosis and HPV result. Sixty-five (6.7%) had histologic HSIL or cancer. For women with histologic HSIL+, the HPV test was positive in 89.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.4%-95.2%), and the specificity was 64.1 % (95% CI, 60.9%-67.2%). The repeat Pap smear result was abnormal in 76.2% (95% CI, 63.5%-85.7%). Triage based on HPV testing only or on repeat Pap testing only would refer similar proportions (approximately 39%) to colposcopy. The sensitivity of HPV DNA testing for HSIL was equivalent to, if not greater than, that of the repeat Pap test. We further estimated that an HPV-based algorithm including the immediate colposcopy of HPV-positive women, and then repeat Pap testing of all others, would provide an overall sensitivity of 96.9% (95% CI, 88.3%-99.5%).For women with ASCUS Pap tests, HPV DNA testing of residual specimens collected for routine cervical cytology can help identify those who have underlying HSIL. By testing the specimen collected at initial screening, the majority of high-risk cases can be identified and referred for colposcopy based on a single screening.
Sliding Scale Insulin
Authors: Daniel L. Lorber
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

I was surprised and disappointed to see a recommendation for “sliding scale insulin” treatment in Figs. 1 and 2 of the otherwise excellent position statement “Hyperglycemic Crises in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus” (1). I carefully read the text of the article and the accompanying technical review (2), searching in vain for …
Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral stenosis using diastolic posterior left ventricular wall motion.
Authors: J R Wise
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The slope of the posterior left ventricular wall motion in diastole (LVDS) was determined by echocardiography in 25 normal subjects and 21 patients with mitral stenosis. Patients with mitral stenosis had reduced LVDS that was related to the degree of mitral stenosis determined by calculated mitral valve area (r = 0.92). The mitral valve area correlated more closely with the LVDS than with the left atrial emptying index derived from the posterior aortic wall motion. Three patients with mitral stenosis had an increased LVDS after mitral valvotomy or mitral valve replacement. One patient with a stenotic mitral valve prosthesis had reduced LVDS. The results of this study suggest that analysis of the LVDS would be useful in predicting the severity of mitral stenosis and may be beneficial in evaluating patients with suspected prosthetic mitral valve malfunction.
BALLOON MITRAL VALVOTOMY FOR PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM RESULTS
Authors: Krishna Kumar Mohanan Nair, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Anees Thajudeen, Jagan Mohan Tharakan, Thomas Titus, Ajitkumar Valaparambil, Sivasankaran Sivasubramonian, Krishnamoorthy Kavassery Mahadevan, Narayanan Namboodiri, Bijulal Sasidharan, Sanjay Ganapathy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
TCT- 133 Residual Intrastent Thrombus After Primary Angioplasty Is Associated With MACE At Follow Up. Insight From The COCTAIL II Study
Authors: Laura Gatto, fabrizio imola, Enrico Romagnoli, Tomasz Pawlowski, Silvio Fedele, Valeria Marco, Giulia Paoletti, Luca Di Vito, vito ramazzotti, alessandro manzoli, Francesco Prati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Skull Scintigraphy
Authors: ROBERT D. KARL, MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, MICHAEL A. CAWTHON, LLOYD A. YOUNGBLOOD, ROBEY P. JOYCE, STEPHEN R. BUNKER, WILLIAM H. HOWARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

KARL, ROBERT D. Jr. M.D., LTC, MC; HARTSHORNE, MICHAEL F. M.D., MAJ, MC; CAWTHON, MICHAEL A. D.O., MAJ, MC; YOUNGBLOOD, LLOYD A. M.D., LTC, MC; JOYCE, ROBEY P. M.D., LTC, MC; BUNKER, STEPHEN R. M.D., MAJ, MC; HOWARD, WILLIAM H. III M.D., MAJ, MC Author Information
Lack of an antifibrotic effect of the mixed endothelin A/B receptorantagonist LU 420627 on rat secondary biliary fibrosis in rats
Authors: J.J. Cho, M. Krajewska, M. Raschack, H. Herbst, M. Ruehl, E.G. Hahn, E.O. Riecken, D. Schuppan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)