tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1402: Regulation of Id2 In the proliferation of glioma-initiating neural progenitor cells
Authors: Jaclyn Sullivan, Matthew Havrda, Brenton Paolella, Arminja Kettenbach, Scott Gerber, Mark A. Israel
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract There are more than 14,000 new cases of malignant high grade glioma diagnosed each year in the US, and although surgical resection, radiation, and cytotoxic therapies are available, these current treatment methods are not curative. Inhibitor of DNA Binding 2 (Id2), a helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein, functions as a dominant negative inhibitor of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors and is highly expressed in glioma. Recent data from our laboratory defines a critical role for Id2 in the pathogenesis of a subset of glioma known as proneural glioma. Id2 protein function has been characterized in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) where it acts to suppress differentiation and enhance cell cycle progression. These are two key characteristics that are shared with glioma-derived stem cells. We have identified three phosphorylation sites on Id2 in proliferating NPCs using mass spectrometry, and prepared altered Id2 molecules that cannot be phosphorylated at each of these sites. Id2-/- NPCs expressing WT and phosphorylation-site-ablated Id2 have been prepared to examine the role of Id2 phosphorylation in mediating its interactions with binding partners and in modulating the rate of proteasome-dependent degradation. We found an increased level of Id2 in NPCs expressing a mutant form of Id2 that cannot by phosphorylated when compared with NPCs expressing WT Id2. Moreover, the level of WT Id2 protein decreases when NPCs exit the cell cycle; however, unphosphorylated Id2 resists this degradation and exhibits a longer half-life. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) experiments revealed that unphosphorylated Id2 molecules bind significantly less than WT Id2 to several anaphase promoting complex (APC) subunits. These findings suggested a possible mechanism for phosphorylation-dependent proteasome-mediated degradation of Id2 in NPCs. Understanding the effect of Id2 phosphorylation in modulating steady state levels of this important protein will inform future studies designed to identify pathways of interest in the transformation of NPCs and the malignant progression of NPC-initiated glioma. This work was supported in part by the Theodora B. Betz Foundation. Citation Format: Jaclyn Sullivan, Matthew Havrda, Brenton Paolella, Arminja Kettenbach, Scott Gerber, Mark A. Israel. Regulation of Id2 In the proliferation of glioma-initiating neural progenitor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1402. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1402
Reversibility of Severe Hypothyroidism with Supplementary Iodine in Patients with Endemic Cretinism
Authors: Jean B. Vanderpas, Maria T. Rivera-Vanderpas, Pierre Bourdoux, Kapata Luvivila, Raphael Lagasse, Noémi Perlmutter-Cremer, François Delange, Leo Lanoie, André M. Ermans, Claude H. Thilly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The reversibility of thyroid dysfunction in children with endemic cretinism treated with supplemental iodine is unknown. To study this question we conducted a five-month follow-up of 51 patients with cretinism (age 14 and below), who were randomly assigned to treatment (0.5 ml of intramuscular iodized oil) and control groups. The geometric mean initial serum level of thyrotropin (223 μU per milliliter; SD, 97 to 513) and the mean (±SD) initial serum level of thyroxine (1.0±1.2 μg per deciliter) indicated that all patients had severe hypothyroidism. Within one month after receiving the iodized oil, 13 of 14 of the younger patients (<4 years) and 1 of 9 of the older patients (4 to 14 years; P<0.001) had thyrotropin values below 20 μU per milliliter. Five months after treatment, the levels of thyrotropin had decreased and those of thyroxine had increased in all children, but greater changes occurred in the 13 younger patients than in the 14 older patients. The mean levels of thyrotropin were 2 μU per milliliter (SD, 0.6 to 6) vs. 38 μU per milliliter (SD, 11 to 132; P<0.001), and the mean (±SD) levels of thyroxine were 13.1±2.8 vs. 8.1±4.6 μg per deciliter (P<0.001). In the untreated group, 3 of the 9 younger patients and none of the 15 older patients recovered normal thyroid function within five months. We conclude that iodine supplementation restored a biochemically euthyroid state in all younger children with cretinism but only some of the older children. In addition, some younger patients became euthyroid without iodine supplementation. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 791–5.)
Notes on Health Resorts: Climate of Teneriffe
Authors: S. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1901)

they had found to be required (after contact of from fifteen to thirty miuutes) to inhibit the growth and activity of bacillus typhosus, they were quite palatable, imparting a subacid flavouring, wlicih was agreeable to the taste, and would inaterially aid in quenclhing thirst.After reference to previous work on the subject, by Stutzer, Christmas, Reinsch, Schum- berg, and Braithwaite, the authors gave details of experi- ments which they ha(l performed.In the case of tartaric, citric, and nitrohydrochloric acids, it did not appear that anything less than the maximum B.P.
Separated Renal Functions in Patients with Renal Arterial Disease, Pyelonephritis, and Essential Hypertension
Authors: HARRIET P. DUSTAN, EUGENE F. POUTASSE, A. C. CORCORAN, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Function tests of the individual kidneys have been performed during mannitol diuresis and vasopressin infusion in hypertensive patients with essential hypertension, pyelonephritis, and occlusive lesions of one or both main renal arteries or their primary branches. In patients with essential hypertension, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow on the two sides, though depressed, were practically equal, as were urine flow, water, solute, and sodium excretions. Pyelonephritis and branch arterial lesions alike depressed urine flow, glomerular filtration rate, and renal plasma flow in the affected or more-affected kidneys; water, total solute, and sodium excretions were in proportion to glomerular filtration rate. These findings indicate a decrease in numbers of functioning nephrons without a qualitative change in function of those remaining. Occlusive lesion of one main renal artery decreased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow on the affected side; urine flow was relatively more depressed than filtration rate, urinary osmolality was higher, and urinary sodium concentration was sharply decreased, as was the excreted fraction of the filtered sodium load. Bilateral occlusive main arterial lesions sometimes had effects similar to those of unilateral lesions in the sense of greater functional deficits on the more-affected sides. However their functional patterns were not consistent. The enhanced renal sodium reabsorption observed in patients with unilateral and bilateral main renal artery diseases could not be explained solely by decreases in filtered sodium load; this suggests that decreases in intrarenal arterial pressure also affect sodium excretion. Changes in renal functions caused by arterial disease depend on the site of the lesion and not on the pressor mechanism it may evoke.
Abstract 3643: Early detection of cancer in the general population - a blinded case control study of p53 auto-antibodies in colorectal cancer in UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS)
Authors: Johannnes W. Pedersen, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Rania Fourkala, Anne Dawnay, Matthew Burnell, Alexey Zaikin, Anders Pedersen, Ian Jacobs, Usha Menon, Hans H. Wandall
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Recent reports from cancer screening trials in high-risk populations suggest that autoantibodies are present prior to clinical diagnosis. However there are few data on the role of autoantibody signatures in cancer screening in the general population. Methods: Informative p53 peptides were identified on an autoantibody microarray with 15-mer overlapping peptides covering the complete p53 sequence using sera from patients with colorectal cancer. The selected peptides were evaluated in a blinded case control study using stored serum from the multimodal arm of UKCTOCS where women gave annual blood samples. Cases were postmenopausal women who developed colorectal cancer following recruitment, with 2 or more serum samples preceding diagnosis. Controls were age-matched women with no history of cancer. Results: The 50,640 women randomised to the multimodal group were followed up for a median of 6.8 (inter-quartile range 5.9-8.4) years. Colorectal cancer notification was received in 101 women with serial samples of whom 97 (277 samples) had given consent for secondary studies. They were matched 1:1 with 97 controls (276 serial samples). The four most informative peptides identified 25.8% of colorectal cancer patients with a specificity of 95%. The median lead time was 1.4 (range 0.12-3.8) years prior to clinical diagnosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in the general population, autoantibody signatures are present during preclinical disease and may be of value in cancer screening. In colorectal cancer screening in particular, where the current need is to improve compliance, it suggests that p53 autoantibodies may contribute towards risk stratification. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3643. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3643
Pressure on the tracheal mucosa from cuffed tubes.
Authors: J Homi
Journal: BMJ (1979)

remarkably clear.Taking a second swab, I notified Dr Litt, who on examination found it difficult to believe that this had been a diphtheritic case.He let the child remain, pending the result of the second swab.It was negative.Precisely the same train of events occurred in three following cases-first swabs positive, follow-ups negative.Dr Litt, giving permission for the fourth child to remain in the home, remarked, "I suppose Dr Mitchell wants to prove the efficacy of his homoeopathy."Matron agreed, "Yes, I'm sure he does."
Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Nurseries
Authors: Robert H. Parrott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The widely held belief that the respiratory syncytial virus is the single most important respiratory-tract pathogen in infants and young children was initially based on cross-sectional studies of infants and children coming to hospital settings. The virus was noted to appear in yearly epidemics and produced a large majority of the cases of serious bronchiolitis, especially in young infants, much pneumonia in infants and young children, and many cases of fever, rhinorrhea and cough.1 2 3 4 Recently, Henderson and his co-workers5 have collated results of 11 years of longitudinal surveillance of basically healthy infants and children in a private practice. From this . . .
Artificial Insemination With Fresh or Frozen Semen
Authors: Emil Steinberger
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A comparison of fertilizing capacity was made between fresh semen and semen stored in liquid nitrogen. A total of 107 attempts at conception were made in 74 women. Fresh semen produced 35 conceptions in 48 attempts; frozen semen resulted in 36 pregnancies in 59 attempts. The 36 women who failed to conceive were found to have a high incidence of polycystic ovarian disease. The 71 conceptions resulted in 59 live births, 36 boys and 23 girls, 11 early spontaneous abortions, and 1 tubal pregnancy.
Relationship of Socioeconomic Status to the Incidence and Prehospital, 28-Day, and 1-Year Mortality Rates of Acute Coronary Events in the FINMONICA Myocardial Infarction Register Study
Authors: Veikko Salomaa, Matti Niemelä, Heikki Miettinen, Matti Ketonen, Pirjo Immonen-Räihä, Seppo Koskinen, Markku Mähönen, Seppo Lehto, Tapio Vuorenmaa, Pertti Palomäki, Harri Mustaniemi, Esko Kaarsalo, Matti Arstila, Jorma Torppa, Kari Kuulasmaa, Pekka Puska, Kalevi Pyörälä, Jaakko Tuomilehto
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased coronary heart disease mortality rates. There are, however, very little data on the relation of SES to the incidence, recurrence, and prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI) events.The FINMONICA MI Register recorded detailed information on all MI events among men and women aged 35 to 64 years in 3 areas of Finland during the period of 1983 to 1992. We carried out a record linkage of the MI register data with files of Statistics Finland to obtain information on indicators of SES, such as taxable income and education, for each individual who is registered. In the analyses, income was grouped into 3 categories (low, middle, and high), and education was grouped into 2 categories (basic and secondary or higher). Among men with their first MI event (n=6485), the adjusted incidence rate ratios were 1.67 (95% CI 1.57 to 1.78) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.73 to 1.95) in the low- and middle-income categories compared with the high-income category. For 28-day mortality rates, the corresponding rate ratios were 3.18 (95% CI 2.82 to 3.58) and 2.33 (95% CI 2.03 to 2.68). Significant differentials were observed for prehospital mortality rates, and they remained similar up to 1 year after the MI. Findings among the women were consistent with those among the men.The excess coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity rates among persons with low SES are considerable in Finland. To bring the mortality rates of low- and middle-SES groups down to the level of that of the high-SES group constitutes a major public health challenge.
Can We Rely on RE-LY?
Authors: Brian F. Gage
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In patients with atrial fibrillation, warfarin prevents 64% of strokes.1 Thus, warfarin has become the recommended treatment for candidates for anticoagulation therapy who have atrial fibrillation and at least one additional risk factor for stroke.2 Despite clear and consistent recommendations,3 warfarin is prescribed to only two thirds of appropriate candidates.4 Several factors contribute to suboptimal use of warfarin therapy: drug and dietary interactions, inconvenience of monitoring the international normalized ratio (INR), risk of hemorrhage, and concerns about real-world effectiveness, which averages 35%.4 Thus, new oral anticoagulants are needed.Dabigatran etexilate, an oral thrombin inhibitor, appears to be an anticoagulant that . . .
Cardiovascular actions of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide
Authors: Klaus-Dieter Schlüter, Hans Michael Piper
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Cardiovascular cells (cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells) are target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the structurally related peptide parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP). PTH activates protein kinase C (PKC) of cardiomyocytes via a PKC activating domain previously identified on chondrocytes. Activation of PKC leads to hypertrophic growth and re-expression of fetal type proteins in cardiomyocytes. This hypertrophic effect of PTH might contribute to left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. PTH-rP is expressed in cardiovascular cells (endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells). It does not mimic the above described actions of PTH but exerts effects of its own on cardiomyocytes. These effects involve activation of protein kinase A, via a N-terminal domain distinct from that identified on PTH, and activation of PKC, via a C-terminally located domain distinct from that found on PTH. On smooth muscle cells PTH and PTH-rP reduce the influence of extracellular calcium, through cAMP-dependent mechanisms. These inhibitory effects on voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels of smooth muscle cells cause vasorelaxation. Present studies concerning cardiovascular actions of either PTH and PTH-rP suggest that increased plasma levels of PTH and PTH-rP influence cardiomyocyte and smooth muscle cell physiology. It can be assumed that PTH-rP acts as a paracrine or autocrine modulator in heart and vessels.
On the Misbehavioral Nature of Man
Authors: George A. Perera
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To physicians, both as practitioners and investigators, not only is a sound comprehension of the natural history of physical disease of obvious importance, but so is the setting in which it occurs. Only through such knowledge is the physician prepared to recognize causative agents and pathologic processes, offer sound prognoses, and evaluate therapeutic measures. For example, the appropriate management of pneumococcal pneumonia calls for an appreciation of all the vagaries of the disease and, in addition, awareness of such modifying factors as the age, personality, habits, and prior health of the patient. A similar approach may be applied to man and his behavioral status, both as an isolated individual and as a member of society. The misbehavioral aspects of man, to be appraised precisely, require knowledge of man's behavioral nature and of those factors in his environment which influence that nature. In all probability the lag of information in these
Treatment of Tuberculosis by the Nonpulmonary Physician
Authors: RICHARD B. BYRD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Because tuberculosis is currently being treated in many instances by the nonpulmonary physician, an evaluation of the skill with which he performs in this capacity was made. A group of 130 patients who had been treated by such physicians was analyzed, using generally accepted criteria for appropriate therapy. Seventy-three of the group were found to have been treated inappropriately. The use of isoniazid in those likely to be resistant to that drug, the use of a single drug in bacteriologically positive disease, and inadequate or excessive drug dosages were among the more common errors. Two thirds of the physicians caring for these patients were internal medicine specialists, half of them board certified. Increased educational efforts in regard to this disease at all levels of training must be made.
Lessons Learned From Genetic Testing
Authors: Laura Esserman, Virginia Kaklamani
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Malignant Potential of Colorectal Polyps - A New Statistical Approach -
Authors: P. Hermanek, P. Frühmorgen, I. Guggenmoos-Holzmann, A. Altendorf, W. Matek
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

To investigate the factors influencing the malignant potential of adenomas, a logit analysis was carried out. The malignancy rate (frequency of malignant areas infiltrating into submucosa) in adenomas is influenced by
Abstract 2539: The PARP inhibitor AZD2281 induces autophagy and complete cell death in BRCA mutant breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Ugur Akar, Angelica Gutierrez Barrera, Gabriel N Hortobagyi, Banu Arun
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well-known DNA repair proteins that are usually mutated or deleted in breast tumors. According to the literature, 5 (12%) of 41 breast cancer cell lines have BRCA mutations and 28 (68%) of the 41 cell lines have BRCA1 allelic loss. PARP inhibitors are known to inhibit tumor growth in BRCA mutant tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PARP inhibitors in BRCA mutant breast cancer cell lines. We found that AZD2281 as a single agent induced complete cell death in BRCA1 mutant (HCC-1937, MDA-MB-436, and SUM-149PT) and BRCA2 mutant (HCC-1428) cell lines. AZD2281 induced an average growth inhibition of 33% in BRCA wild-type cell lines with BRCA1 allelic loss. Downregulation of BRCA1 or BRCA2 by shRNA sensitized the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines BT-20 and MDA-MB-231 to AZD2281 treatment. We also investigated whether autophagy is induced in response to PARP inhibition. AZD2281 treatment induced LC3-II expression, an indication of autophagy. Transmission electron micrographs demonstrated autophagosome formation after AZD2281 treatment. On transmission electron micrographs, we observed a decrease in mitochondria related to autophagosome formation after AZD2281 treatment. To show AZD2281 induced autophagy is targeting mitochondria, we labeled mitochondria with yellow fluorescein protein using lentiviral stable transfection. Flow cytometry measurement demonstrated a decrease in fluorescein-labeled mitochondria after AZD2281 treatment. Inhibition of autophagy in a AZD2281-treated BRCA mutant breast cancer cell line rescued mitochondrial degradation and partially inhibited apoptosis. In conclusion, we showed that autophagy plays an important role in AZD2281-induced cell death in BRCA mutant breast cancer cell lines by degradation of mitochondria besides DNA degradation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2539. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2539
Breast Self-examination
Authors: Lawrence Hochheimer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> When I read the<i>New York Times</i>report on April 27, 1987, about the article on breast self-examination (BSE) printed inTHE JOURNALof April 24, 1987,<sup>1</sup>I was incensed. Here was I, a mastectomy patient in 1939, having discovered the tumor myself, surviving healthily at age 84 years. Since 1939,I have worked actively with the American Cancer Society as a volunteer in their Reach to Recovery program, a facilitator in a mastectomy support group, and teacher of BSE in many organizations. Now, the<i>Times</i>was reporting to its readers that there was no evidence that BSE was of any value—no statistics yet. Therefore, I procured a copy of the original article in<i>JAMA</i>to see if this was an accurate report. Alas, it was! As a layman, I have no reason to doubt your statistics. We women are dealing, however, with human beings, not statistics.
Ischemically preconditioned myocardium is vulnerable to reperfusion induced injury
Authors: Romas J. Kirvaitis, Irvin B. Krukenkamp, Ban-An Khaw, Paul G. Burns, Glenn R. Gaudette, Artiom Petrov, Aaron Goldfaden, Joshua Schulman, Sidney Levitsy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)