tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EGCG and nimodipine improve the symptoms of AD by inhibiting [Ca2+]i in hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Shuang Wang, Mingyan Liu, Zhenjie Zhang, Weifan Yao, Qiushi Tang, Minjie Wei
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Recent studies have indicated that an alteration in intracellular calcium homeostasis could contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) .Previous studies supported that sustained changes in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) homeostasis could provide the final common pathway for the neuropathological changes associated with AD.Calcium influx is play a key role in calcium overload.Calmodulin (CaM)/ Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II /IV (/CaMK II /IV) is very important to regulate calcium homeostasis in the nervous system.(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is classified the catechin family and is one of the major polyphenol constituents of green tea.Research has shown that EGCG could reduce [Ca 2+ ] i , lessen mitochondrial damage, thereby prevent calcium overload and protect neurons.Transgenic mouse models have been created with mutations in genes related to AD. APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice, provide a valuable model for evaluating the pathogenesis of AD.Therefore, this study was designed to study the effect of EGCG and nimodipine on cognitive behavior, [Ca 2+ ] i , CaM and CaMK II /IV in APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice.
Cholesteryl ester storage disease: Review of the findings in 135 reported patients with an underdiagnosed disease
Authors: Donna L. Bernstein, Helena Hülkova, Martin G. Bialer, Robert J. Desnick
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) is caused by deficient lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) activity, predominantly resulting in cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation, particularly in the liver, spleen, and macrophages throughout the body. The disease is characterized by microvesicular steatosis leading to liver failure, accelerated atherosclerosis and premature demise. Although CESD is rare, it is likely that many patients are unrecognized or misdiagnosed. Here, the findings in 135 CESD patients described in the literature are reviewed. Diagnoses were based on liver biopsies, LAL deficiency and/or LAL gene (LIPA) mutations. Hepatomegaly was present in 99.3% of patients; 74% also had splenomegaly. When reported, most patients had elevated serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and transaminases (AST, ALT, or both), while HDL-cholesterol was decreased. All 112 liver biopsied patients had the characteristic pathology, which is progressive, and includes microvesicular steatosis, which leads to fibrosis, micronodular cirrhosis, and ultimately to liver failure. Pathognomonic birefringent CE crystals or their remnant clefts were observed in hepatic cells. Extrahepatic manifestations included portal hypertension, esophageal varices, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Liver failure in 17 reported patients resulted in liver transplantation and/or death. Genotyping identified 31 LIPA mutations in 55 patients; 61% of mutations were the common exon 8 splice-junction mutation (E8SJM(-1G>A)), for which 18 patients were homozygous. Genotype/phenotype correlations were limited; however, E8SJM(-1G>A) homozygotes typically had early-onset, slowly progressive disease. Supportive treatment included cholestyramine, statins, and, ultimately, liver transplantation. Recombinant LAL replacement was shown to be effective in animal models, and recently, a phase I/II clinical trial demonstrated its safety and indicated its potential metabolic efficacy.
America’s Environmental Report Card: Are We Making the Grade?
Authors: Terri Damstra
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Protecting the environment continues to be a top priority for most Americans.Some examples of major environmental concerns include water and air pollution, hazardous waste disposal, use of toxic chemicals, and environmental threats to children.In America's Environmental Report Card: Are We Making the Grade?Harvey Blatt provides a comprehensive status report on the following nine selected complex environmental problems: water pollution, dangers of floods, leaching of garbage from landfills, pesticide runoff, depletion of energy resources, global warming, air pollution, ozone depletion, and radiation from nuclear power plants and the storage of nuclear wastes.He also describes whether the situation with respect to these issues is deteriorating or improving and what actions can be taken at the individual, corporate, and political levels to ensure safe and adequate resources for future generations.This book contains a large amount of information and statistics, often presented in charts, figures, and tables.It is easily comprehensible, and one does not "get lost in the numbers."Its conversational tone, interspersed with anecdotes and humor, makes the 238 pages of text easy to read and at times entertaining.However, the book does not provide a scientific review or analysis of the selected environmental issues and at times does not provide a balanced scientific viewpoint.For example, the introductory statement that "data suggesting that toxic agents in the environment have reduced the average male sperm count by 42 percent in the past 50 years" is not backed up by references nor is there mention of other references that do not support this hypothesis.Such a statement in isolation could be very alarming to the general public.
Hypertension in Hispanics, Asians and Pacific-Islanders, and Native Americans.
Authors: M Martinez-Maldonado
Journal: Circulation (1991)

There is a paucity of information about hypertension and its risk factors, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in many racial minorities in the United States. Most of the population groups discussed in this section are composed of several subgroups that differ culturally, socioeconomically, educationally, and ethnically. This fact, however, does not lessen the need for more information about the extent of hypertension and risk factors in these groups. Moreover, a bonus from expanded research in these areas will be new information useful to the general population.
Telomerase gene mutations are associated with cirrhosis formation
Authors: Daniel Hartmann, Ujala Srivastava, Michaela Thaler, Karin N. Kleinhans, Gisèle N'Kontchou, Annika Scheffold, Kerstin Bauer, Ramona F. Kratzer, Natalia Kloos, Sarah-Fee Katz, Zhangfa Song, Yvonne Begus-Nahrmann, Alexander Kleger, Guido von Figura, Pavel Strnad, André Lechel, Cagatay Günes, Andrej Potthoff, Katja Deterding, Heiner Wedemeyer, Zhenyu Ju, Ge Song, Feng Xiao, Sonja Gillen, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Thomas Mertens, Marianne Ziol, Helmut Friess, Michael Jarek, Michael P. Manns, Michel Beaugrand, Lenhard K. Rudolph
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Telomere shortening impairs liver regeneration in mice and is associated with cirrhosis formation in humans with chronic liver disease. In humans, telomerase mutations have been associated with familial diseases leading to bone marrow failure or lung fibrosis. It is currently unknown whether telomerase mutations associate with cirrhosis induced by chronic liver disease. The telomerase RNA component (TERC) and the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were sequenced in 1,121 individuals (521 patients with cirrhosis induced by chronic liver disease and 600 noncirrhosis controls). Telomere length was analyzed in patients carrying telomerase gene mutations. Functional defects of telomerase gene mutations were investigated in primary human fibroblasts and patient-derived lymphocytes. An increased incidence of telomerase mutations was detected in cirrhosis patients (allele frequency 0.017) compared to noncirrhosis controls (0.003, P value 0.0007; relative risk [RR] 1.859; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.552–2.227). Cirrhosis patients with TERT mutations showed shortened telomeres in white blood cells compared to control patients. Cirrhosis-associated telomerase mutations led to reduced telomerase activity and defects in maintaining telomere length and the replicative potential of primary cells in culture. Conclusion: This study provides the first experimental evidence that telomerase gene mutations are present in patients developing cirrhosis as a consequence of chronic liver disease. These data support the concept that telomere shortening can represent a causal factor impairing liver regeneration and accelerating cirrhosis formation in response to chronic liver disease. (Hepatology 2011;)
Occurrence and Nature of Glomerular Lesions after Group A Streptococci Infections in Children
Authors: INGE SAGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

A prospective study of renal involvement after group A streptococci infections was undertaken in 248 children who had weekly examinations for at least 6 weeks. Examination included urinalysis and measurement of serum complement (CH50) and antistreptolysin 0 titers. One hundred and ninety-four children remained normal. Fifty-four children showed either transient CH50depression (19 patients) or mild urinary abnormalities (15 patients), or both (20 patients), although they remained clinically asymptomatic. Renal biopsy specimens of all children with depressed complement activity and minor urinary abnormalities were examined by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistology. Lesions ranged from mild increase of mesangium and endothelial proliferation to the characteristic features of acute glomerulonephritis. The immune staining was granular. M and T typing of streptococci isolated showed various types that generally have been found in epidemics of acute glomerulonephritis. The incidence of glomerular injury after infection with group A streptococci seems much higher than previously thought. Only a few patients seem to become symptomatic; the others escape detection.
Fatal ischaemic brain oedema after tissue plasminogen activator
Authors: J. Bamford, P. Sandercock, C. Wardlow
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Drs Orton and Gruzelier argue that "laboratory evidence of the adverse effects of night duty may nevertheless underestimate their implications for the ward environment."For a variety of reasons relating to the specific nature of a doctor's workfor example, increased arousal resulting from interest, motivation, positive feedback, noise, opportunities for moving around-the contrary might equally be argued: that laboratory evidence may well overestimate the effects.We simply do not know.From our own experience of attempting to develop more appropriate tests we suggest that further research will require considerably more than simply selecting a few "off the peg" psycho- logical tests which have been developed for purposes other than those that concern us here.
Screening of Infants and Mortality Due to Neuroblastoma
Authors: William G. Woods, Ru-Nie Gao, Jonathan J. Shuster, Leslie L. Robison, Mark Bernstein, Sheila Weitzman, Greta Bunin, Isra Levy, Josee Brossard, Geoffrey Dougherty, Mendel Tuchman, Bernard Lemieux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor that occurs in early childhood, can be identified in the preclinical stages by the detection of catecholamines in the urine. However, it is unknown whether routine screening for neuroblastoma reduces mortality due to this disease.
PET/CT Allows Stratification of Responders to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Grade Sarcoma
Authors: Ukihide Tateishi, Akira Kawai, Hirokazu Chuman, Fumihiko Nakatani, Yasuo Beppu, Kunihiko Seki, Mototaka Miyake, Takashi Terauchi, Noriyuki Moriyama, E Edmund Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine whether metabolic reduction is capable of reflecting the histopathologic response and outcome after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-grade sarcoma. Patients and Methods: Forty-two patients with histologically proven high-grade sarcoma underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. Quantitative F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography scans were acquired before and after the first cycle and after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) and metabolic reduction rates were compared with histopathologic response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results: Baseline SUVmax was 10.9 ± 3.6 (range, 3.8–19.6). Therapeutic effect resulted in 10 patients (24%) with a satisfactory response and in 32 patients (76%) with an unsatisfactory response after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The SUV decreased to 7.8 ± 3.4 after the first cycle (t1) of chemotherapy and to 5.2 ± 3.4 after completion (t2) of chemotherapy. Histopathologic response and percentage SUV (t2) reduction rate were independent predictors of progression-free survival and overall survival in the multivariate analyses. Conclusion: Metabolic reduction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy evaluated by F-18 FDG PET or computed tomography can be used for stratification of the histopathologic response in patients with high-grade sarcoma.
Points: Letters to a young doctor
Authors: F S Plumpton
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<b>1699</b> <h3><b>Objectives</b></h3> [<sup>18</sup>F]galacto-RGD ([<sup>18</sup>F]gRGD) is a PET-tracer for αvβ3-integrin imaging which might serve as potential surrogate parameter of angiogenic activity. However, little is yet known about the correlation of the PET signal of [<sup>18</sup>F]gRGD with other key players of the angiogenic cascade. Thus, we evaluated the tracer uptake of [<sup>18</sup>F]gRGD in melanoma xenografts with altered levels of αvβ3 expression and correlated the uptake with the corresponding gene expression profile. We also compared these results with the uptake of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG as an unspecific tracer for imaging tumor metabolism. <h3><b>Methods</b></h3> We performed microPET/CT (Siemens) scans 75 min <i>p.i.</i> of [<sup>18</sup>F]gRGD and 45 min <i>p.i.</i> of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG, respectively of nine BALB/c nude mice with two tumor xenografts with either high (M21) or low αvβ3 expression on tumor cells (M21-L). Total tumor RNA of 14 different tumor samples was used for gene expression profiling using human gene arrays (Affymetrix). <h3><b>Results</b></h3> MicroPET scans of M21 melanoma showed significantly higher [<sup>18</sup>F]gRGD tracer uptake (x±SD<sub>M21</sub>=1.10±0.17%ID/g) compared to the M21-L population (x±SD<sub>M21-L</sub>=0.63±0.24%ID/g; p=0.0004). However, no differences in the glucose metabolism, addressed by [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG, was detected for M21 (x±SD<sub>M21</sub>=9.57±4.17%ID/g) compared to M21-L tumors (x±SD<sub>M21-L</sub>=7.81±2.87%ID/g; p=0.301). We also observed a separation in the gene expression profile of melanoma corresponding with high and low [<sup>18</sup>F]gRGD uptake. We found 199 probe sets with significant (FDR&lt;5%) differential expression higher than 2fold between both groups. Besides αvβ3, we identified other factors like CEACAM1 which point to functional differences in cell-cell adhesion. <h3><b>Conclusions</b></h3> These results suggest that imaging of αvβ3 expression by [<sup>18</sup>F]gRGD PET might be able to identify different tumor genotypes correlated with cell-cell interactions. Moreover, this tracer seems to be better suited than [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG to differentiate these tumor genotypes
Aspirin, paracetamol, and haematemesis and melaena.
Authors: D Coggon, M J Langman, D Spiegelhalter
Journal: Gut (1982)

Aspirin and paracetamol consumption have been compared in 346 matched pairs of patients with haematemesis and melaena, and control individuals in the general community. Both aspirin and paracetamol intake were more common in patients than in controls, but the association for aspirin was stronger and was apparent with both recent and habitual intake, whereas for paracetamol the association was not detectable for habitual intake. The results for paracetamol suggests that patients with bleeding take analgesic drugs in part because of symptoms associated with bleeding, and such intake is not necessarily causal of bleeding. Failure to control investigations to take account of this point has exaggerated the possible risks of aspirin consumption.
Fatalities from Brucellosis
Authors: P. W. Bothwell
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Fatalities from Bruceilosis SIR,-The results of a study of brucellosis fatalities in the British Isles may be of topical interest in view of the small current attention being given to the elimina- tion of this readily preventable disease-to which you referred in a leading article recently (January 26, p. 204).1 to 2% of recognized cases of brucellosis are fatal,
Unwinding the Heterogeneous Nature of Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes
Authors: John M. Carethers
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 782: Development of folate receptor positive drug-resistant cell lines and strategies to overcome drug resistance
Authors: Joseph A. Reddy, Ryan Dorton, Alicia Bloomfield, Melissa Nelson, Christopher Leamon
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In support of our clinical strategy to treat folate receptor (FR)-positive platinum resistant ovarian cancer patients with the folate desacetylvinblastine (DAVLBH) conjugate, EC145, we created two FR-expressing DAVLBH resistant cell lines (named KB-DR and NCI/ADR-FR). Results from a calcein efflux assay confirmed that the KB-DR and NCI/ADR-FR cell lines both express high levels of an efflux pump, and subsequent flow cytometry analysis using an anti-p-glycoprotein (pgp) antibody (MRK-16) confirmed pgp overexpression. As predicted, these DAVLBH-resistant cell lines were also less sensitive to single agent EC145. However, when tested in combination with known pgp inhibitors, such as lapatinib or verapamil, substantially enhanced cell killing activity was observed. Furthermore, folate conjugates of non-pgp substrates, such as folate-tubulysin and a folate-epothilone, were also found to be highly active against these drug-resistant cell lines. In subsequent studies, we created a cisplatin resistant cell line (named KB-CR) and found that it remained just as susceptible to EC145 as the parent KB cells, suggesting that cisplatin-resistance did not affect FR function or sensitivity to folate-targeted microtubule inhibitors. Since the development of drug resistance did not appear to alter the function or exploitability of the FR, these new models will be useful for testing novel folate-targeted strategies for the treatment of difficult-to-treat cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 782. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-782
Stat5 regulates cellular iron uptake of erythroid cells via IRP-2 and TfR-1
Authors: Marc A. Kerenyi, Florian Grebien, Helmuth Gehart, Manfred Schifrer, Matthias Artaker, Boris Kovacic, Hartmut Beug, Richard Moriggl, Ernst W. Müllner
Journal: Blood (2008)
THE USE OF CREATININ AS A TEST OF RENAL FUNCTION
Authors: RALPH H. MAJOR
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Many new tests for the functional activity of the kidneys are being introduced from time to time. Most of these tests are carried out by studying the excretion of a foreign substance, usually a dyestuff, by the kidneys. One notable exception is the employment of urea as a functional test by Addis and Watanabe<sup>1</sup>and by McLean and de Wesselow.<sup>2</sup> The frequent addition of new tests does not necessarily imply any dissatisfaction with those tests now in use, but indicates an increasing appreciation of the complex process usually designated as "renal function." Most students of kidney diseases have noted and emphasized the peculiar variability of different kidneys in the excretion of different substances. This variability calls for the employment of several tests if we wish a composite picture and not a fragmentary view of the kidney's functional activity. Creatinin seems for many reasons to be an excellent substance
Antagonism of the Interferon-Induced OAS-RNase L Pathway by Murine Coronavirus ns2 Protein Is Required for Virus Replication and Liver Pathology
Authors: Ling Zhao, Babal K. Jha, Ashley Wu, Ruth Elliott, John Ziebuhr, Alexander E. Gorbalenya, Robert H. Silverman, Susan R. Weiss
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
The role of shared receptor motifs and common stat proteins in the generation of cytokine pleiotropy and redundancy by IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-13, and IL-15
Authors: Jian-Xin Lin, Thi-Sau Migone, Monica Tseng, Michael Friedmann, James A. Weatherbee, Li Zhou, Akira Yamauchi, Eda T. Bloom, Judy Mietz, Susan John, Warren J. Leonard
Journal: Immunity (1995)
Family Outbreak of Cat Scratch Disease
Authors: John N. Snyder
Journal: JAMA (1962)

CAT SCRATCH disease has been recognized in all areas of the world with increasing frequency since its first description in 1951. In the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, 5.8% of apparently normal individuals showed positive cutaneous reactions to the skin antigen.  The portal of entry is usually a cat scratch. However, a veterinarian in Columbus, Ohio, developed the disease after a cat bite; this was reported by W. A. Murray, M.D., in a master of science thesis at Ohio State University in 1961. The urine of the infected animals may contain the causative organism; hence, infection may occur following urinary contamination of an open wound.  The clinical manifestations of the disease may simulate tularemia, infectious mononucleosis, lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, tuberculous adenitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, and benign and malignant tumors. All cases show enlargement and, occasionally, suppuration of one or more of the satellite lymph nodes which drain the site of the initial portal