tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bleomycin-Induced Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis in Baboons
Authors: B. McCullough, J. F. Collins, W. G. Johanson, F. L. Grover
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in eight baboons with bleomycin; five untreated animals were controls. After 45-65 U/kg of bleomycin, lung volumes and diffusing capacity were reduced, and static lung pressure-volume curves were shifted to the right. Right middle lobes were resected at this time in five bleomycin-treated and two control animals. Compared to controls, right middle lobes from bleomycintreated animals had increased weight and contained increased amounts of total protein, collagen, elastin, and DNA; synthesis of collagen and noncollagen protein were also elevated. Occasional alveolar septae were edematous and infiltrated by mononuclear inflammatory cells; a slight increase in collagen was demonstrable histologically. Four of six treated animals died with extensive diffuse interstitial fibrosis after 95 U/kg of bleomycin. Biochemical analyses revealed significantly elevated lobar contents of dry weight, protein, elastin, and collagen. Two animals survived 95 U/kg of bleomycin and were terminated 6 mo after treatment. In these animals, physiologic studies were indicative of restrictive lung disease, but lung histology was nearly normal. Lung weight, total protein, and DNA had returned to control values, but collagen and elastin were increased in amount and concentration. Bleomycin induces an intense inflammatory response in the lung. During this inflammation, connective tissue proliferation occurs in concert with proliferation of other tissue components. Cessation of bleomycin treatment is followed by resolution of inflammation manifested by decreases in tissue mass, cellular content, and nonconnective tissue protein. Collagen and elastin deposited during inflammation are less successfully removed during resolution, leading to a stage characterized by increased concentrations of these proteins. A similar sequence of tissue alterations may occur in idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis of man in response to various lung injuries.
LEPROSY AND CONGENITAL SYMMETRICAL KERATODERMIA
Authors: G. Pernet
Journal: BMJ (1902)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) are found throughout vertebrate genomes and failure to silence their activation can have deleterious consequences on the host. Introduction of mutations that subsequently prevent transcription of ERV loci is therefore an indispensable cell-intrinsic defense mechanism that maintains the integrity of the host genome. Abundant <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> evidence have revealed that APOBEC3 cytidine-deaminases, including human APOBEC3G (hA3G) can potently restrict retrotransposition; yet <i>in vivo</i> data demonstrating such activity is lacking, particularly since no replication competent human ERV has been identified. In mice deficient for Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), transcribed ERV loci can recombine and generate infectious ERV. In this study, we show that mice deficient in the only copy of <i>Apobec3</i> in the genome did not have spontaneous reactivation of ERVs, nor elevated ERV reactivation when crossed to <i>Tlr7</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice. In contrast, expression of a human APOBEC3G transgene abrogated emergence of infectious ERV in the <i>Tlr7</i><sup>-/-</sup> background. No ERV RNA was detected in the plasma of hA3G+<i>Apobec3</i>-/-<i>Tlr7</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, and infectious ERV virions could not be amplified through co-culture with permissive cells. These data reveal that hA3G can potently restrict active ERV <i>in</i> vivo, and suggest that the expansion of the APOBEC3 locus in primates has helped restrict ERV reactivation in the human genome. <h3>Importance</h3> Although APOBEC3 proteins are known to be important antiviral restriction factors in both mice and humans, their roles in the restriction of endogenous retroviruses (ERV) have been limited to <i>in vitro</i> studies. Here, we report that human APOBEC3G expressed as a transgene in mice prevents the emergence of infectious ERV from endogenous loci. This study reveals that APOBEC3G can powerfully restrict active retrotransposons <i>in vivo</i> and demonstrates how ectopic expression of human factors in transgenic mouse models can be used to investigate host mechanisms that inhibit retrotransposons and reinforce genomic integrity.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, soluble cell adhesion molecules, and autoantibodies to oxidized-LDL in chronic renal failure patients on dialysis therapy
Authors: Dawn O'Byrne, Sridevi Devaraj, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Roberto Collazo, Lauren McDonald, Scott Grundy, Ishwarlal Jialal
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Non-invasive detection of hypoglycaemia using a novel, fully biocompatible and patient friendly alarm system
Authors: M. Chen, M. Daly, N. Williams, S. Williams, C. Williams, G. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Hypoglycaemia is a common complication of diabetes treatment with either insulin or sulphonylureas and is particularly common with intensified insulin regimens.1 Episodes are often distressing and carry the risk of serious neurological and cardiovascular sequelae.1 Hypoglycaemia is especially hazardous in patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes who have lost the early warning symptoms of falling blood glucose levels.1 Nocturnal episodes are also potentially dangerous and have been implicated when diabetic patients have been found unexpectedly dead in bed.2 Hypoglycaemia is one of the complications of diabetes most feared by patients, on a par with blindness and renal failure.3



Fig 1. 
Canine hypoglycaemia alarm (Candy): (top) alert mode; (bottom) activated



Intensive research has been devoted to the development of hypoglycaemia alarms, exploiting principles that range from detecting changes in the electroencephalogram or skin conductance (due to sweating) to measurements of subcutaneous tissue glucose concentrations by glucose sensors. 4 5 As yet, however, none has proved sufficiently reliable or unobtrusive to be useful in clinical practice.

We describe here a novel alarm system that can detect hypoglycaemia before the patient notices any symptoms and that operates robustly in a uniquely, patient friendly fashion. The reports were volunteered spontaneously and independently by the patients.

#### Summary points

The reliable detection of hypoglycaemia has long been a major preoccupation for diabetic patients and researchers alike

Many previous approaches have been …
Turner's Syndrome Karyotypes
Authors: Edward Gendel
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter of Miller et al (<b>214</b>:2337, 1970) describes a young woman with some of the features of Turner's syndrome. The karyotype reproduced in the article is likely to mislead readers who are not familiar with chromosome morphology. The third pair of chromosomes in group A is mislabeled as is the sex chromosome pair (XX). The latter pair is actually number 3—arms and legs are about equal. The pair placed by the authors in the A3 position are C group chromosomes and the larger of the two might be an X. However, actual identification of the two Xs would require examination of other more favorable metaphase chromosome preparations. Barr body (or sex chromatin) studies should also include description of the size of the sex chromatin body, a smaller than normal one might be a lead toward recognizing a partial deletion of the short arm of an
Allocation Concealment in Clinical Trials
Authors: Peter Jüni, Matthias Egger
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Jack of All Trades
Authors: J. Trig Brown
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased Pulmonary Superinfections in Cardiac-Transplant Patients Undergoing Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Kenneth H. Rand, Richard B. Pollard, Thomas C. Merigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS infection is extremely common after renal transplantation, with evidence of infection in as many as 90 per cent1 to 96 per cent2 of patients. Although many recipients excrete the virus in their urine or saliva for months or years with no other evidence of disease, others have a relatively fulminant but variable syndrome of pneumonitis, fever, leukopenia and hepatitis.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 At autopsy or lung biopsy, many transplant patients with pulmonary infiltrates have had both cytomegalovirus and concomitant bacterial pneumonia5 , 6 , 9 10 11 or pneumocystis.12 , 13 Thus, the exact pathogenic importance of cytomegalovirus is not fully clear.Recently, Hamilton et al. have shown a striking . . .
Sex, Romance, and Research Subjects: An Ethical Exploration
Authors: Timothy F. Murphy
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Professional standards in medicine and psychology treat concurrent sexual relationships with patients as violations of fiduciary trust, and they sometimes rule out sexual relationships even after a clinical relationship is over. These standards also rule out sex with research subjects who are also patients, but what about nonclinical relationships where there are not always parallels to the standards of clinical medicine? One way to treat sex in nonclinical research relationships is to treat it as sex is treated elsewhere among adults, as a matter of individual choice and responsibility. Alternately, one could ask oversight bodies to draw lines between research that can safely accommodate sexual relationships and research that cannot. One could even ask researchers to avoid all concurrent sexual relationships with their research participants, as happens in clinical medicine. Each of these options has drawbacks that undermine its value as a definitive solution. The deficiencies of these options highlight the need for a professional code of conduct for nonclinical researchers.
Reversal of renal failure in nephritis associated with antibody to glomerular basement membrane.
Authors: A. P. Maxwell, W. E. Nelson, C. M. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1988)

tive effect of oral oestrogens and show an apparent increase in bone mass after treatment with sub- cutaneous oestradiol and testosterone.We thank Birthright for its financial support, which made this work possible, and D Cooper and D Lowe, of the computer unit, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, for their help with the statistical analysis.
Serological screening for coeliac disease in vitiligo and alopecia areata
Authors: U. Volta, F. Bardazzi, D. Zauli, L. De Franceschi, A. Tosti, N. Mounaro, S. Ghetti, C. Tetta, A. Grassi, F.B. Bianchi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)
Global Diastolic Strain Rate for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Relaxation and Filling Pressures
Authors: Jianwen Wang, Dirar S. Khoury, Vinay Thohan, Guillermo Torre-Amione, Sherif F. Nagueh
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Diastolic strain rate (SR) measurements that comprise all left ventricular (LV) segments are advantageous over myocardial velocity for assessment of diastolic function. Mitral early diastolic velocity (E)/SR ratio during the isovolumetric relaxation (IVR) period can be used to estimate LV filling pressures. Methods and Results— Simultaneous echocardiographic imaging and LV pressure measurements (7F catheters) were performed in 7 adult dogs. Loading conditions were altered by saline infusion and caval occlusion, and lusitropic state was changed by dobutamine and esmolol infusion. A curve depicting global SR was derived from each of the 3 apical views, and SR was measured during IVR (SR IVR ) and early LV filling (SR E ). SR IVR had a strong correlation with time constant of LV pressure decay during the IVR period (τ) ( r =−0.83, P &lt;0.001), whereas SR E was significantly related to LV end-diastolic pressure ( r =0.52, P =0.005) in the experimental stages where τ was &lt;40 ms. In 50 patients with simultaneous right heart catheterization and echocardiographic imaging, mitral E/SR IVR ratio had the best correlation with mean wedge pressure ( r =0.79, P &lt;0.001), as well as in 24 prospective patients ( r =0.84, P =0.001). E/SR IVR was most useful in patients with ratio of E to mitral annulus early diastolic velocity (E/Ea ratio) 8 to 15 and was more accurate than E/Ea in patients with normal ejection fraction and regional dysfunction (both P &lt;0.01). Conclusions— Global SR IVR by 2-dimensional speckle tracking is strongly dependent on LV relaxation. E/SR IVR can predict LV filling pressures with reasonable accuracy, particularly in patients with normal ejection fraction and in those with regional dysfunction.
The integrity of the cholecystokinin receptor gene in gallbladder disease and obesity
Authors: Gerardo Nardone, Irene A. Ferber, Laurence J. Miller
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Cholesterol gallstone disease and obesity are common and often associated disorders that could be affected by dysfunction of the receptor for cholecystokinin (CCK). Extending earlier studies that identified a defect at the level of receptor-G protein coupling in cholesterol gallstone disease, we characterized the primary structure of the gallbladder CCK receptor in patients undergoing a cholecystectomy. Represented were patients with cholesterol gallstones, as well as controls with pigment gallstones or without gallbladder disease. Both groups were composed of the range of body habitus from lean to morbidly obese. No evidence of any sequence mutation or polymorphism in the CCK receptor gene was found in any patient. This should lead future investigations of the pathogenesis of these problems toward the possible contribution of the plasmalemmal environment in affecting the association between normal receptors and G proteins.
Bullous Pemphigoid Therapy — Think Globally, Act Locally
Authors: Robert S. Stern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Until now, systemic immunosuppressive agents, particularly oral corticosteroids, have been the standard treatment for bullous pemphigoid, which accounts for about 75 percent of cases of autoimmune blistering skin disease.13 Nearly two thirds of cases occur in persons 80 years of age or older.2,3 In France, whose population is one fifth that of the United States, about 500 new cases of bullous pemphigoid occur each year.2,3 Bullous pemphigoid can usually be distinguished from other blistering skin diseases on the basis of at least three of four criteria: the absence of atrophic scars, the absence of mucosal involvement, the . . .
A novel Bruch's membrane-mimetic electrospun substrate scaffold for human retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Ping Xiang, Kun-Chao Wu, Ying Zhu, Lue Xiang, Chong Li, Deng-Long Chen, Feng Chen, Guotong Xu, Aijun Wang, Min Li, Zi-Bing Jin
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Supporting the Patient
Authors: A Yarmolinsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Patients may be the only consumers who have to seek permission from someone else in order to obtain services. Even those with traditional health insurance require the recommendation of their physicians, as well as the consent of their insurers, to be reimbursed. People who join health maintenance organizations (HMOs) put their health in the hands of primary care physicians who serve as gatekeepers to specialists, and the many millions of uninsured Americans must rely on the professional services of hospital staff physicians (as well as the charity of the hospitals where they seek emergency care).No plan for health care . . .
Survival of infants with unoperated myeloceles.
Authors: M F Robards, G G Thomas, L Rosenbloom
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Of the infants with spina bifida referred to a neonatal surgical unit over three years and denied early closure of the myelocele, a significant proportion survived long enough for procedures to drain hydrocephalus to be needed. The key decision in the management of this condition is not whether myeloceles should be closed but whether hydrocephalus should be treated.
Splenic Rupture Due to Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Maung Kyaw Aung
Journal: JAMA (1978)

INFECTIOUS mononucleosis generally is regarded as a benign disease with an estimated mortality of less than 0.1%.<sup>1</sup>Splenic rupture is a common cause of mortality<sup>2</sup>and usually occurs in the second or third week of the illness when the spleen may be maximally enlarged and there is weakness of the capsule, trabeculae, and vascular wall.<sup>1</sup>Rupture can occur spontaneously or with minimal trauma. The most common symptom is abdominal pain. Abdominal tenderness frequently is associated with signs of peritoneal irritation and often is accompanied by anemia. Findings from peritoneal lavage can be expected to be abnormal in a high percentage of cases. Reportedly, a selective splenic arteriogram is highly reliable in the detection of rupture. Our report demonstrates that many of the clinical and roentgenographic studies employed in diagnosing splenic rupture can be misleading. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 23-year-old man was hospitalized because of severe left
Differential expression of the insulin gene transcriptional repressor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta and transactivator islet duodenum homeobox-1 in rat pancreatic beta cells during the development of diabetes mellitus.
Authors: J Seufert, G C Weir, J F Habener
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Impairment of insulin secretion due to prolonged hyperglycemia is believed to contribute to the manifestation of diabetes mellitus, often referred to as glucose toxicity of pancreatic beta cells. In addition, impaired beta cell function has been associated with elevated islet triglyceride content (lipotoxicity). Impaired functions of the transactivating factors islet duodenum homeobox-1 (IDX-1) and RIPE3b-binding proteins have been implicated in the pathological downregulation of insulin gene transcription by high glucose levels in pancreatic beta cell lines in vitro, and, similarly, the exposure of pancreatic islets to fatty acids decreases IDX-1 expression. Previously, we identified the basic leucine zipper transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/ EBPbeta) as an inhibitor of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic beta cells and showed that the expression of C/EBPbeta is upregulated in insulinoma-derived beta cell lines by sustained high glucose concentrations. Here we describe the regulation of the expression of IDX-1, C/EBPbeta, and insulin at the mRNA and protein levels in pancreatic islets in animal models of diabetes mellitus. Concomitant with a downregulation of IDX-1 and insulin expression, C/EBPbeta is upregulated in association with the manifestation of hyperglycemia during the development of diabetes in the Zucker diabetic fatty (fa/fa) rat and in the 90% pancreatectomy rat model of diabetes. This regulation is demonstrated to influence both the amount of cellular protein and the level of steady state messenger RNA. Our findings indicate that the differential dysregulation of both IDX-1 and C/EBPbeta, in response to sustained hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, may be involved in the impairment of insulin gene expression during the manifestation of diabetes mellitus.