tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of latent variegate porphyria by fluorescence emission spectroscopy of plasma
Authors: C. LONG, S.J. SMYTH, J. WOOLF, G.M. MURPHY, A.Y. FINLAY, R.G. NEWCOMBE, G.H. ELDER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Summary The plasma of patients with overt variegate porphyria contains porphyrin with a fluorescence emission maximum at about 626 nm, which is diagnostic for the condition. We have evaluated qualitative fluorescence emission scanning of saline-diluted plasma as a method for the identification of asymptomatic carriers of the gene for variegate porphyria. Plasma from 36 unrelated patients with variegate porphyria. 136 of their asymptomatic first- and second-degree relatives aged 15 years or over, and 322 normal subjects was scanned. An emission maximum between 621 and 627 nm was observed in the 36 patients with variegate porphyria and 54 of their relatives, but not in any normal subject, nor in 56 patients with other types of porphyria. For the detection of asymptomatic adult carriers of the gene for variegate porphyria. fluorescence emission scanning of plasma appears to be 100% specific, with a sensitivity of 86% (95% confidence interval 71–98%). In contrast, the sensitivity of faecal porphyrin analysis as a test for adult gene carriers was 36%. These results suggest that fluorescence emission scanning of plasma should replace faecal porphyrin analysis as the test of first choice for this purpose.
Possible immunological effect of oxprenolol.
Authors: L F McMahon
Journal: BMJ (1976)

imagining himself to be volumes and so years ahead of the rest of us is that you have erroneously imputed such notions to him; though as between the possibility of the editor of World Medicine having delusions of grandeur and that of the editor of the British Medical Journal ignoring convention I should prefer not to speculate.Perhaps next time, however, you will put your editorial heads together and so avoid supplying an occasion for their being banged together later.
Cyclooxygenase 2 Rescues LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells from Sanguinarine-Induced Apoptosis by a Mechanism Involving Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity
Authors: Jacob Huh, Andrejs Liepins, Jacek Zielonka, Christopher Andrekopoulos, Balaraman Kalyanaraman, Andrey Sorokin
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), an inducible enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, is elevated in human prostate tumor samples. The aim of this study was to investigate whether expression of Cox-2 is effective against prostate cancer cell apoptosis triggered by sanguinarine, the quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloid with antineoplastic properties. Sanguinarine effectively induced apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer epithelial cells as assessed by caspase-3 activation assay, Annexin V staining assay, or by visual analysis for the apoptotic morphology changes. Sanguinarine-mediated apoptosis was associated with the increase of nitric oxide (NO) formation in prostate cancer cells as assessed by measurements of nitrites with Sievers nitric oxide analyzer as well as flow cytometry analysis using NO fluorescent sensor. Activation of NO synthase (NOS) activity was crucial for sanguinarine-induced cell death because NOS inhibitor L-NMMA efficiently protected cells from apoptosis. Adenovirus-mediated transfer of Cox-2 into LNCaP cells inhibited sanguinarine-induced apoptosis and prevented an increase in NO production. Surprisingly, NO donors failed to induce apoptosis in LNCaP cells, suggesting that constitutive NO generation is not sufficient for triggering apoptosis in these cells. Besides NO generation, NOS is also capable of producing superoxide radicals. Sanguinarine-induced production of superoxide radicals, and the addition of MnTBAP, a scavenger of superoxide radicals, efficiently inhibited sanguinarine-mediated apoptosis. These results suggest that Cox-2 expression rescues prostate cancer cells from sanguinarine-induced apoptosis by a mechanism involving inhibition of NOS activity, and that coadministration of Cox-2 inhibitors with sanguinarine may be developed as a strategy for the management of prostate cancer.
αB-crystallin, vimentin and increased p53 expression levels in breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis.
Authors: PR Quinlan, R Sreseli, RA Quinlan, S Hadad, SE Bray, N Kernohan, D Kellock, L Baker, C Purdie, L Jordan, AM Thompson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5070 Background: Previous studies have identified αB-crystallin as a marker of poor prognosis for breast cancer and have suggested that it is an excellent marker for tumours of basal origin. Increased expression of αB-crystallin has been associated with anchorage-independent growth and metastasis leading to the suggestion that αB-crystallin is an oncoprotein. We have considered whether the αB-crystallin binding proteins, vimentin and HSP27 also show a similar association with poor prognosis. We also investigated whether either HSP27 phosphorylation HSP27 or p53 expression could be associated with αB-crystallin expression.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Tissue Micro Arrays of 0.6x0.6mm cores of 205 breast cancers were stained with antibodies to αB-crystallin, vimentin, p53 (antibodies DO1, FP3), HSP27 (antibody ERD5) and HSP27 82P. The levels of protein expressions were then compared with clinical and pathological parameters.&amp;#x2028; Results: The expression of αB-crystallin was positively associated with vimentin (P&amp;lt;0.001 Fisher's exact test (FET)). We have confirmed that αB-crystallin expression is linked to a low expression of the estrogen receptor and reduced survival (P&amp;lt;0.001 (FET), P=0.002 Kaplan Meier Log Rank (KM) respectively). Vimentin expression was similarly associated with estrogen receptor (ER) negative cancers and poor survival (P &amp;lt;0.001 (FET), P= 0.002 (KM Log Rank) respectively). Low expression of HSP27 resulted in poor three-year survival (P=0.007 (KM Log Rank)), but longer-term survival was unaffected (P=0.09 (KM Log Rank)). In contrast to αB-crystallin, low expression of HSP27 was associated with ER and progesterone receptor (PGR) negativity (P&amp;lt;0.001 (FET), P=0.001 (FET)). HSP27 82P similarly resulted in poor three-year survival (P=0.01 (KM Log Rank)) compared with longer-term survival (P=0.05 (KM Log Rank)). In samples positive for either αB-crystallin or vimentin, a strong association with increased p53 expression (p53 antibodies: DO1(P&amp;lt;0.001 (FET)) and FP3(P&amp;lt;0.001 (FET))) was found.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: The increased expression of the protein chaperone, αB-crystallin was linked with reduced survival as well as it's binding partner, vimentin. We found that within this patient subgroup, there was an increased level of p53. The potential functional significance of this interaction for metastasis will be discussed in the context of other predictive markers for breast cancer. A similar association was not found for HSP27 expression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5070.
Xeroderma pigmentosum. Defective DNA repair causes skin cancer and neurodegeneration
Authors: J. H. Robbins
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 19-YEAR-OLD woman, who originally presented to the National Institutes of Health dermatology clinic at 11 years of age (Figure, top left), had numerous pigmented macules and considerable actinic damage on sun-exposed skin. She had a basal cell carcinoma of the upper right cheek (Figure, top right [arrow]). Skin that had been shielded from sunlight, such as the undersurface of the upper arm, was virtually free of abnormalities (Figure, center right). Her skin disease began during infancy when she suffered repeated acute sunburns after very brief outdoor exposures to sunlight, even in the winter months. By age 2 years her sun-exposed skin had developed pigmented macules that failed to lighten and disappear even after several months of avoiding sunlight. Despite major efforts to prevent further direct sun exposure, her pigmented macules increased in number and she developed photophobia and persistent conjunctival injection. At 4 years of age the
Broth Edema in Infants
Authors: Fred M. Nomura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN the treatment of diarrhea in infants clear liquids are frequently substituted temporarily for milk formulas and solid foods. These clear liquids are often hypotonie, multiple-electrolyte solutions. Occasionally, laymen or even physicians recommend the use of chicken or beef broth, prepared by dissolution of bouillon cubes or powder in water. The potential hazards of giving such broth to young infants are saline excess and edema.Edema in infants has occurred during treatment of diarrhea when errors were made in the prescription or preparation of clear liquids, particularly the commonly used table-salt-sugar-water formulas and the commercially prepared multiple-electrolyte powders. However, a . . .
Variability in the Measurement of Hospital-wide Mortality Rates
Authors: David M. Shahian, Robert E. Wolf, Lisa I. Iezzoni, Leslie Kirle, Sharon-Lise T. Normand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Several countries use hospital-wide mortality rates to evaluate the quality of hospital care, although the usefulness of this metric has been questioned. Massachusetts policymakers recently requested an assessment of methods to calculate this aggregate mortality metric for use as a measure of hospital quality.
Cross-species and interassay comparisons of phytoestrogen action.
Authors: P L Whitten, H B Patisaul
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

This paper compiles animal and human data on the biologic effects and exposure levels of phytoestrogens in order to identify areas of research in which direct species comparisons can be made. In vitro and in vivo assays of phytoestrogen action and potency are reviewed and compared to actions, dose-response relationships, and estimates of exposure in human subjects. Binding studies show that the isoflavonoid phytoestrogens are high-affinity ligands for estrogen receptors (ERs), especially ER beta, but have lower potency in whole-cell assays, perhaps because of interactions with binding proteins. Many other enzymatic actions require concentrations higher than those normally seen in plasma. In vivo data show that phytoestrogens have a wide range of biologic effects at doses and plasma concentrations seen with normal human diets. Significant in vivoresponses have been observed in animal and human tests for bone, breast, ovary, pituitary, vasculature, prostate, and serum lipids. The doses reported to be biologically active in humans (0.4--10 mg/kg body weight/day) are lower than the doses generally reported to be active in rodents (10--100 mg/kg body weight/day), although some studies have reported rodent responses at lower doses. However, available estimates of bioavailability and peak plasma levels in rodents and humans are more similar. Steroidogenesis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis appear to be important loci of phytoestrogen actions, but these inferences must be tentative because good dose-response data are not available for many end points. The similarity of reported proliferative and antiproliferative doses illustrates the need for fuller examination of dose-response relationships and multiple end points in assessing phytoestrogen actions.
Localization and rapid regulation of Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter in rat kidney.
Authors: A Yamauchi, A Miyai, S Shimada, Y Minami, M Tohyama, E Imai, T Kamada, N Ueda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

myo-inositol, a major compatible osmolyte in renal medulla, is accumulated in several kinds of cells under hypertonic conditions via Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT). To investigate the physiological role of the SMIT, we sought to determine its localization by in situ hybridization and its acute regulation by NaCl and furosemide administration. Northern analysis demonstrated that SMIT is strongly expressed in the medulla and at low levels in the cortex of kidney. Intraperitoneal injection of NaCl rapidly induced SMIT mRNA in both the cortex and medulla, and furosemide completely abolished this induction. In situ hybridization revealed that SMIT it predominantly present in the medullary and cortical thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop (TALH) and macula densa cells. Less intense signals were seen in the inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD). NaCl loading increased the signals throughout the TALH, and furosemide reduced the signals. SMIT in the IMCD is less sensitive to these kinds of acute regulation. Thus, the distribution pattern of SMIT does not correspond to the corticomedullary osmotic gradient, and SMIT in the TALH and macula densa cells is regulated very rapidly. These results suggest that SMIT expression in TALH may be regulated by intracellular and/or peritubular tonicity close to the basolateral membrane, which is supposed to be proportional to the magnitude of NaCl reabsorption.
Hemodynamic Effects of Valvulotomy in Pulmonic Stenosis
Authors: PAUL R. LURIE, HARRIS B. SHUMACKER
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Seven patients with mild to moderate pulmonic stenosis with intact ventricular septum were subjected to cardiac catheterization before and from 4 to 18 months after pulmonary valvulotomy. Despite uniform clinical improvement, remarkably slight changes were observed, following surgery, in right ventricular pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery flow, and pulmonary valve area, when measured at rest. When present preoperatively, venoarterial shunt was reduced or eliminated after operation. It was speculated that further studies including the effect of exercise might show that valvulotomy increases the mobility of the valve under stress even when it does not increase valve area at rest.
Noninvasive study of the presystolic component of the first heart sound in mitral stenosis
Authors: Yoshiyuki Hada, Keiko Amano, Tsuneo Yamaguchi, Katsu Takenaka, Hisako Takahashi, Reiko Takikawa, Ichiro Hasegawa, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Junichi Suzuki, Tsuguya Sakamoto, Tsuneaki Sugimoto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
406 SUPERSONIC SHEAR IMAGING IS A NEW POTENT MORPHOLOGICAL NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS LIVER FIBROSIS. PART I: TECHNICAL FEASABILITY
Authors: E. Bavu, J.-L. Gennisson, V. Mallet, B.-F. Osmanski, M. Couade, J. Bercoff, M. Fink, P. Sogni, A. Vallet-Pichard, B. Nalpas, M. Tanter, S. Pol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Art in hospitals. Funding works of art in new hospitals.
Authors: J H Baron, L Greene
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Throughout the world new hospitals have been designed and built for high quality medical care.Few have been designed to be beautiful.We believe each hospital should enhance the lives of patients, visitors, and staff by including works of art.Works of art cost money, yet money spent on contemporary works provides employment for painters, sculptors, and craftsmen and also for the manufacturers of their materials.Where is this money to come from when health services are starved of capital and revenue?The beautification of old hospitals is discussed elsewhere.'In the first part of this article JHB explores three methods of funding works of art in new hospitals and in the second part LG describes the mural scheme run by the King's Fund and the Greater London Arts Association (GLAA). Percentage lawsThe most effective way of ensuring that major new public buildings have works of art is by legislation enforcing the expenditure of a certain percentage of the building cost on art.Norway, the Netherlands, the USA, Canada, France, Italy, and West Germany all have these sorts of schemes.2In Norway, for example, a Norwegian Fund for Art in New State Buildings is funded by 1% of the cost of all state buildings.The money must be used to improve the working environment of state employees and visitors to public buildings, as well as ensuring work for Norwegian artists.The fund appoints two artist consultants to each local building project committee.This committee has a free hand if the arts allocation is less than Kr 50000 (about £5000) but above that figure it must have its decorative plan approved by the national fund.The artists must be Norwegians living and working in Norway, and they are commissioned either personally or by closed competition from a short list of four.Rarely, work may be selected through open competition or bought directly from the artists.The new 1139 bed Haukeland Sykehus in Bergen cost Kr 2055m (£190m) and was awarded a government art grant of Kr Il 5m (£138 000; 0 15%) for the central block.The hospital hopes to obtain a similar sum from the county for the non-university buildings.The budget has been divided between working units, each of which has a theme and a particular artist or group of artists.The Netherlands also has a law allocating 1% of the cost of the raw materials of a building to works of art.The commissioning team of the building controls the budget, but its plan has to be
Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Case-Control Study of Risk Factors in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Athanassios Kyrgidis, Konstantinos Vahtsevanos, Georgios Koloutsos, Charalampos Andreadis, Ioannis Boukovinas, Zisis Teleioudis, Anna Patrikidou, Stefanos Triaridis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) was initially described in 2001 in patients receiving intravenous bisphosphonate (BP) treatment. The objective of the present study was to determine whether routine dental procedures can be considered as possible risk factors for the development of ONJ in breast cancer patients receiving BP.Twenty breast cancer patients who developed ONJ receiving BP treatment were included in group A, whereas group B consisted of 40 matched controls (breast cancer patients who did not progress to ONJ receiving BP treatment). Routine dental care, smoking habits, history of tooth extraction, use of dentures, and root canal therapy were recorded.Our results indicate that history of tooth extraction during zoledronic acid treatment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 16.4; 95% CI, 3.4 to 79.6) and the use of dentures (adjusted OR = 4.9; 95% CI, 1.2 to 20.1) increase the risk of developing ONJ.The outcome of the present study suggests early referral by oncologists for dental evaluation for every patient to be treated with BP. These results raise the current American Society of Clinical Oncology Level of Evidence linking certain dental procedures with ONJ from V to III. Further studies are needed to assess other possible risk factors and also to highlight the etiopathogenesis mechanism of ONJ.
EXPERIMENTAL SORE THROAT
Authors: GEORGE F. DICK
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>EXPERIMENTAL SORE THROAT PRODUCED WITH SCARLET FEVER STREPTOCOCCI</h3> In 1921, we<sup>1</sup>reported the production of experimental sore throat in human volunteers by the inoculation of pure cultures of hemolytic streptococci isolated from early, acute cases of scarlet fever. The inoculations were made by swabbing pure cultures of the hemolytic streptococci over the tonsils and pharynx. In a series of thirty volunteers in which eighteen strains of streptococci were employed, twenty-three remained well after inoculation and seven developed sore throat. In most cases, the first symptoms appeared about forty-eight hours after inoculation. The onset was characterized by sore throat and general malaise, accompanied by a rise in temperature. There was acute swelling of the tonsils and reddening of the mucous membrane over the pharynx and tonsils. A polymorphonuclear leukocytosis was present in all cases. Enlargement of the submaxillary cervical lymph glands occurred in one, and typical follicular tonsillitis in another.
STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF THE AGENT TRANSMITTING LEUCOSIS OF FOWLS
Authors: J. Furth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The concentration of the transmitting agent of leucosis in fowls, as determined by titration, is approximately the same in the suspensions of blood cells and in cell-free plasma; the smallest amount of plasma producing leucosis was 0.000001 cc. and of cell suspension 0.00001 cc. This observation excludes the possibility that transmission of leucosis by plasma is due to the presence of a small number of leucemic cells in the plasma. The success of inoculations with plasma (20 to 28 per cent of fowls) is, within wide limits, independent of the amount injected (10–1 to 10–6 cc.). The percentage of successful inoculations with varying quantities of plasma is lower than with corresponding amounts of suspensions of cells (33 to 71 per cent). When plasma containing the transmitting agent is injected in decreasing amounts the incubation period of the leucosis is conspicuously lengthened. With decreasing amounts of a suspension of leucemic cells the incubation period is not so frequently nor so greatly prolonged.
Identification of Common Germinal-Center B-Cell Precursors in Two Patients with Both Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Andreas Bräuninger, Martin-Leo Hansmann, John G. Strickler, Reinhard Dummer, Günther Burg, Klaus Rajewsky, Ralf Küppers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma occasionally occur in the same patient. The identification of a common precursor of the two types of lymphoma would show definitively that Reed–Sternberg cells originate from B cells.
Corrigendum to “Immunosuppression without steroids in liver transplantation is safe and reduces infection and metabolic complications: Results from a prospective multicenter randomized study” [J Hepatol 44 (2006) 710–716]
Authors: Laura Llado, Xavier Xiol, Joan Figueras, Emilio Ramos, Roberto Memba, Teresa Serrano, Jaume Torras, Agustin Garcia-Gil, Ignacio Gonzalez-Pinto, Jose Castellote, Carme Baliellas, Joan Fabregat, Antoni Rafecas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Randomised study of the influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the treatment of peptic ulcer in patients with rheumatic disease.
Authors: C Manniche, A Malchow-Moller, J R Andersen, C Pedersen, T M Hansen, P Jess, L Helleberg, S N Rasmussen, U Tage-Jensen, S E Nielsen
Journal: Gut (1987)

Sixty-seven patients with rheumatic disease, treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), entered a controlled trial with a diagnosis of duodenal (n = 51), gastric (n = 14), or gastric and duodenal (n = 2) ulcers. The main objectives of the study were a comparison of ranitidine and sucralfate in ulcer treatment, and to observe the influence of continued NSAID administration during peptic ulcer therapy. Ulcers healed within nine weeks in 52 patients. The mean healing time was similar in 27 patients given ranitidine 150 mg bd (4.9 weeks) and 25 patients given sucralfate 1 g qid (4.6 weeks). In patients with unhealed ulcers after nine weeks of treatment, healing was obtained in seven after further therapy for 3-9 weeks. Of the 30 patients who continued NSAIDs during treatment with either ranitidine or sucralfate, 23 ulcers healed (mean healing time: 5.0 weeks). Of 32 patients in whom NSAIDs were stopped, ulcer healing was documented in 29 (mean healing time: 4.6 weeks). The difference in healing rates was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.10). The outcome of ulcer treatment did not differ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and patients suffering from osteoarthritis. During a 12 month follow up 14 symptomatic ulcer recurrences were recorded.