tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptors enhance wound healing in the rat gastric mucosa
Authors: Adrian Schmassmann, Jean Claude Reubi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Although physiological functions of the CCK-B/gastrin receptor are well explored, little is known about its role during healing. Here, we evaluated the role of this receptor in the rat oxyntic mucosa following the introduction of a cryoulcer. In this model, we located and quantified CCK-B/gastrin receptors by reverse transcriptase PCR and receptor autoradiography. Rats with cryoulcers were treated with placebo, omeprazole, the CCK-B/gastrin receptor antagonist YF-476, omeprazole plus YF-476, gastrin-17, and gastrin 17 plus YF-476. During wound healing, CCK-B/gastrin receptors were specifically expressed and localized to the regenerative mucosal ulcer margin. This high expression was limited in time, and the pattern of expression of CCK-B/gastrin receptors correlated closely with the proliferative activity of the regenerative mucosa. Functionally, omeprazole and gastrin-17 caused profound hypergastrinemia, increased cell proliferation in the mucosal ulcer margin and accelerated the late ulcer healing phase. These effects were completely reversed by cotherapy with YF-476. These in vivo and vitro data suggest that CCK-B/gastrin receptors in regenerative rat gastric oxyntic mucosa enhance trophic effects during wound healing.
Effects of supine and lateral recumbent positions on pulmonary venous flow in healthy subjects evaluated by transesophageal Doppler echocardiography
Authors: Kazuaki Tanabe, Hiroyuki Yoshitomi, Nobuyuki Oyake, Toshihiko Asanuma, Tetsuro Ohta, Yutaka Ishibashi, Toshio Shimada, Shigefumi Morioka, Katsutoshi Moriyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Increased Incidence of Transformation and Myelodysplasia/Acute Leukemia in Patients With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Treated With Nucleoside Analogs
Authors: Xavier Leleu, Jacob Soumerai, Aldo Roccaro, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Zachary R. Hunter, Robert Manning, Bryan T. Ciccarelli, Antonio Sacco, Leukothea Ioakimidis, Sophia Adamia, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Christopher J. Patterson, Irene M. Ghobrial, Steven P. Treon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Nucleoside analogs (NAs) are considered as appropriate agents in the treatment of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Sporadic reports on increased incidence of transformation to high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and development of therapy-related myelodysplasia/acute leukemia (t-MDS/AML) among patients with WM treated with NAs prompted us to examine the incidence of such events in a large population of patients with WM.We examined the incidence of these events in 439 patients with WM, 193 and 136 of whom were previously treated with and without an NA, respectively, and 110 of whom had similar long-term follow-up without treatment. The median follow-up for all patients was 5 years.Overall, 12 patients (6.2%) either developed transformation (n = 9; 4.7%) or developed t-MDS/AML (n = 3; 1.6%) among NA-treated patients, compared with one patient (0.4%) who developed transformation in the non-NA treated group (P < .001); no such events occurred among untreated patients. Transformation and t-MDS/AML occurred at a median of 5 years from onset of NA therapy. The median survival of NA-treated patients who developed transformation did not differ from other NA-treated patients as a result of effective salvage treatment used for transformed disease. However, all NA-treated patients who developed t-MDS/AML died at a median of 5 months.These data demonstrate an increased incidence of disease transformation to high-grade NHL and the development of t-MDS/AML among patients with WM treated with NAs.
Growing problem of malaria.
Authors: P D Marsden
Journal: BMJ (1989)

housing projects on grounds other than health.This should certainly be possible for cold, damp homes, which deteriorate rapidly through corrosion, timber decay, and electrical problems and are expensive to maintain.The problem of cold damp houses should be tackled because of its effects on health and its economic effects on the housing stock.Standards should be set so that an acceptable safe indoor temperature, say 20°C, can be achieved at no more than 10% of the household income.Any excess needed should be provided in social payments.Although most houses can be made warm and dry if enough is spent on heating, this is not the most economical solution.Where possible, structural defects that promote cold and condensation should be repaired so that properties can be brought up to the standard.Measures such as fungicidal washes and paints should be used only for temporary relief.7 Public sector houses should be improved with specially allocated funds, and grants should be available to encourage private owners to upgrade their properties.No family should be condemned to live in fuel poverty.
Book Review When Walking Fails: Mobility Problems of Adults with Chronic Conditions (California/Milbank Books on Health and the Public. Vol. 8.) By Lisa I. Iezzoni. 355 pp. Berkeley and New York, University of California Press and the Milbank Memorial Fund, 2003. $60 (cloth); $19.95 (paper). 0-520-23742-0 (cloth); 0-520-23819-2 (paper).
Authors: Laurence Z. Rubenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
AB1372 Perception, knowledge and use by general practitioners of belgium of the frax® tool
Authors: O. Bruyere, D. Nicolet, S. Compère, V. Rabenda, P. Jeholet, B. Zegels, P. Maassen, G. Pire, J.-Y. Reginster
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The FRAX tool, that calculates the 10 years probability of having a fracture, has been recently developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to improve the sensitivity of the bone mineral density (BMD) measure and thus to enable an earlier identification of patients at high risk of fracture. Little is known about the perception and knowledge that GPs have about this tool in their daily practice. <h3>Methods</h3> A survey has been conducted as part of a screening campaign for various diseases launched by the Province of Liège in Belgium. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the perception and the knowledge of the FRAX tool by GPs. The secondary objective was to assess the impact of an information brochure, about the FRAX tool, created by the University of Liège in collaboration with the Province of Liège, on these outcomes. The survey was sent to a sample of 700 GPs after only half of them had received the information brochure. <h3>Results</h3> The survey results show that, out of the 193 doctors who responded to the survey, one third know the FRAX tool but less than 20% use it in their daily clinical practice. In addition, the survey highlights a lack of sufficient knowledge of the FRAX algorithm by medical doctors who know but do not use the FRAX tool. Among those who use it, the FRAX tool is largely seen as a complementary but not as an essential tool in the diagnosis or in the management of osteoporosis. It appears that the brochure could improve the knowledge of the FRAX tool but it would not be more efficient on its use in daily practice than the other sources of information (e.g. medical representative, scientific conferences, scientific journals). <h3>Conclusions</h3> To inform medical doctors about the FRAX tool is essential to expect it to be used in daily practice. This survey shows that even if an information brochure has a significant and positive effect on the knowledge of the FRAX tool, other sources of information seem necessary to promote its effective use. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Neonatal screening for life threatening congenital heart disease
Authors: K. J Barrington
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Routine pulse oximetry is an effective and low risk strategy

The linked study by de-Wahl Granelli and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.a3037) assesses the contribution of neonatal pulse oximetry saturation screening to early detection of life threatening congenital heart disease.1 Neonatal screening started in the 1960s with the Guthrie bacterial inhibition test for detection of phenylketonuria.2 Screening for this rare condition (about 1/12 000 live births) is almost universal in the developed world, and it illustrates the criteria for such a programme. Phenylketonuria can be reliably identified when asymptomatic, with a low false positive rate, and when treated early death or disability are prevented. Newer screening tests using techniques other than blood sampling should follow the same principles.

Critical congenital heart disease—cardiac malformations that are either ductal dependent or need surgery in the first month of life—occurs in about 170 per 100 000 live births. At first sight, universal pulse oximetry screening for this disease seems to contravene the above principles because clinical examination of the cardiovascular system is a part of the routine care of the newborn. However, clinical examination cannot reliably detect critical congenital heart disease. Cyanosis …
Genome-wide expression analysis of paired diagnosis–relapse samples in ALL indicates involvement of pathways related to DNA replication, cell cycle and DNA repair, independent of immune phenotype
Authors: F J T Staal, D de Ridder, T Szczepanski, T Schonewille, E C E van der Linden, E R van Wering, V H J van der Velden, J J M van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Financial Incentives for Physicians in HMOs
Authors: Alan L. Hillman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Do financial incentives used by health maintenance organizations (HMOs) to restrain the use of health care resources represent a conflict of interest between physicians' concern about their income and their concern about patients? To explore the contractual obligations of primary care physicians in HMOs, I mailed a survey to all 595 HMOs known to be in operation as of June 1986. In all, 302 of 595 HMOs (51 percent) responded. Sixty-seven percent of plans with capitation-based arrangements and 82 percent of plans with fee-for-service arrangements withhold a percentage of their physicians' income against potential deficits, but only 21 percent of plans with salaried physicians do so. Thirty percent of HMOs have other penalties in addition to this withholding. Eighteen percent of HMOs base the return of the withheld amount on the experience of individual physicians rather than on the collective experience of a group of physicians. For-profit HMOs are less likely to use salary-based payment, more likely to withhold a percentage of income, and more likely to base the return of this withheld amount on the experience of individual physicians. Most HMOs have mechanisms for sharing surpluses with participating physicians. I conclude that contractual arrangements in HMOs vary widely. Certain financial incentives, especially when used in combination, suggest conflicts of interest that may influence physicians' behavior and adversely affect the quality of care.
EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL CELLULOSE AS A NEW PATCH MATERIAL FOR CLOSURE OF MUSCULAR VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS
Authors: Nora F. Lang, Matthias Sigler, Elena Merkel, Franziska Fuchs, Dieter Schumann, Dieter Klemm, Friederike Kramer, Anja Meyer, Franz Freudenthal, Christian Schroeder, Susanne Mayer, Heinrich Netz, Rainer Kozlik-Feldmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Campaign to revitalise academic medicine: Academic medicine needs teeth
Authors: Rod MacQueen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Tugwell describes the campaign to revitalise academic medicine.1 Many doctors are not able to treat the increasingly common problems seen in primary care. These include depression, anxiety (especially social anxiety), alcohol excess, other drug problems, chronic pain, and many other complex problems.

Health systems are good at managing the problems of the 1960s and the problems the current …
Significance of Colonoscopy in Patients with Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: S. Oomori, S. Takagi, T. Kikuchi, K. Utsunomiya, H. Yokoyama, K. Negoro, Y. Tohmiya, H. Aihara, M. Yamada, S. Takahashi, J. Kameoka, Y. Kinouchi, T. Shimosegawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Patients with intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are generally in poor clinical condition. In this study we aimed to establish the clinical significance of endoscopic diagnosis of this condition, observing only the distal section of the large intestine.Endoscopic and pathological findings at colonoscopy were evaluated retrospectively in 12 patients who were diagnosed with intestinal GVHD after undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.The main mucosal changes observed at endoscopy were granular change, edema, "spotty redness", and sloughing. These were clearly displayed after enhancement with Indigo carmine staining, and with insertion of the colonoscope only as far as the distal section of the large intestine. A histological diagnosis of intestinal GVHD was made in 50 % of the patients, whose intestinal epithelium specimens showed numerous apoptotic bodies. It was possible to perform total colonoscopy in two patients who were in relatively good condition clinically, but there were no remarkable differences in the endoscopic findings throughout the large intestine, from the terminal ileum to the rectum. In terms of clinical outcomes of the 12 patients, their prognosis was poor in that they all either went on to suffer from chronic GVHD or died.Endoscopic and histological findings on distal colonoscopy are clinically significant in the diagnosis of intestinal GVHD, and limiting this examination to the distal section of the large intestine avoids causing further clinical deterioration in patients who are already in very poor general condition and the possibility of causing endoscopy-related complications.
Association Between Circulating Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Jason B. Lindsey, James A. de Lemos, Francesco Cipollone, Colby R. Ayers, Anand Rohatgi, David A. Morrow, Amit Khera, Darren K. McGuire
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To determine the association between circulating soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and coronary atherosclerosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using data from the Dallas Heart Study, a probability-based population sample, the association between plasma levels of sRAGE and coronary artery calcium (CAC) was assessed among 2,571 subjects with complete imaging and sRAGE data. RESULTS An inverse graded association was observed between sRAGE quartiles and CAC, with CAC prevalence of 28.5% in quartile 1 compared with 15.7% in quartile 4 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). After multivariable adjustment, the associations between sRAGE levels in the first and second quartiles (versus fourth quartile) and CAC remained statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio 1.71 [95% CI 1.2–2.4] and 1.5 [1.0–2.1], respectively). CONCLUSIONS sRAGE is a novel biomarker that is inversely associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The role of sRAGE in the pathobiology of atherosclerosis and its potential prognostic and therapeutic implications warrant further investigation.
Liposome-mediated extracellular superoxide dismutase gene delivery protects against acute liver injury in mice
Authors: Jian Wu, Li Liu, Roy D. Yen, Andreea Catana, Michael H. Nantz, Mark A. Zern
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Our previous study demonstrated that polycationic liposomes are highly stable in the bloodstream and represent an effective agent for liver gene delivery. We report here that liposome-mediated extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) gene delivery successfully prevented acute liver injury in mice. The therapeutic efficacy of EC-SOD gene delivery by polycationic liposomes was determined against the toxicity of superoxide anions and hydroxyethyl radicals in HepG2 cells and in a mouse model of acute liver injury caused by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide intoxication. Transfection of HepG2 cells with an EC-SOD plasmid led to a striking increase in superoxide dismutase activity in the medium. The transfected cells had much less cell death after reactive oxygen species exposure compared with untransfected or control plasmid-transfected cells. In a model of acute liver injury, serum alanine aminotransferase levels in mice receiving portal vein injections of EC-SOD lipoplexes were much lower than in those receiving normal saline, liposomes alone, or control lipoplexes. Liver histology confirmed that there was less cell death in the EC-SOD lipoplex-treated group. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed a 55-fold increase in human EC-SOD gene expression in the liver of mice injected with EC-SOD lipoplexes. Serum superoxide dismutase activity in EC-SOD lipoplex-treated mice was higher than in the control groups; this was associated with higher liver glutathione levels and reduced lipid peroxidation. In conclusion , polycationic liposome-mediated EC-SOD gene delivery protects against reactive oxygen species toxicity in vitro and against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice. (Hepatology 2004;40:195-204.)
Poor education linked with teen pregnancies
Authors: J. Westall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Two reports concerning socioeconomic factors associated with adolescent pregnancy have been released: a study from the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York; and a survey from the Alan Guttmacher Institute, a non-profit reproductive health analysis organization in New York. The first report associates truancy, low academic achievement and poor sex education with the high pregnancy rate in Britain among women 15-19 years old. The rate is the highest in western Europe, although the rate of conceptions in Britain among women 16-19 years old has declined since 1990 and is currently 56.8 per 1000. For girls under 16 years old, a group targeted by the British government's Health of the Nation strategy to achieve a conception rate of 4.8 per 1000 by the year 2000, the rate has remained steady for the last 20 years and stands at 8.3 per 1000. The report calls for better school-based sex education and for improved access to confidential contraceptive services for young people. The second report, an international survey, shows that the number of teenage pregnancies worldwide is declining (although 15 million babies, 10% unplanned, are born annually to teenage mothers), and that women with a higher education level tend to delay marriage and childbearing. A figure compares the percentages of women 20-24 years old who gave birth by age 20 for 4 educational levels (less than 7 years, greater than or equal to 7 years, less than 12 years, greater than or equal to 12 years) for Ghana, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Mexico, France, Japan, and the United States. Teenage pregnancy in both reports was associated with poor social, economic, and health outcomes for mother and child. According to the second report, the risk of maternal death during childbirth is 2-4 times greater for mothers 17 and younger, in comparison to mothers age 20 and older. Dr. Kathleen Kiernan, a senior research fellow at the London School of Economics, blames Britain's high adolescent pregnancy rate on an educational system that allows 16-year olds to leave school for a low-paying job and to take on adult roles at an earlier age than their European counterparts.
The Electrocardiogram in Angina Pectoris
Authors: MORRIS H. KAHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 June 1931The Electrocardiogram in Angina PectorisMORRIS H. KAHN, M.A., M.D.MORRIS H. KAHN, M.A., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-12-1499 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn abundance of literature is devoted to the syndrome of angina pectoris. And yet, after two decades of the intensive use of the electrocardiograph in diagnosis in these cases, no general opinion has been reached as to the pathologic changes that underlie this distressing disease. The reason for this is to be found in the fact that angina pectoris is not a pathological entity. It is rather the clinical manifestation of disease processes in the heart muscle, in the coronary arteries or in the aorta, producing pain of more or less typical character. We must accept the possibility of different... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MORRIS H. KAHN, M.A., M.D.Affiliations: New York City Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEinführung und DefinitionenAngina pectoris I. A variant form of angina pectorisCARDIAC PAIN WITH RECOVERY OF THE T WAVEDie elektrokardiographische Diagnose des HerzinfarktsDie Klinik der Coronarerkrankungen 1 June 1931Volume 4, Issue 12Page: 1499-1508KeywordsAnginaAortaCoronary arteriesCoronary heart diseaseElectrocardiographyMyalgiaMyocardiumStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrate on antifungal activity of human phagocytes in vitro
Authors: T. Murayama, R. Amitani, Y. Ikegami, R. Kawanami, W. J. Lee, R. Nawada
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Aspergillus fumigatus can colonise the airways and the lungs with localised underlying conditions and occasionally invade the surrounding lung tissues even in subjects without systemic predisposing factors, presumably by escaping the local host defences. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of A fumigatus culture filtrate (ACF) on the activities of human phagocytes--inhibition of germination of A fumigatus spores by alveolar macrophages (AMs) and hyphal damage by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs)--which are the critical host defences against A fumigatus.Spores were incubated with AMs at a ratio of 1:1 in a medium containing different concentrations of ACF for 10 hours at 37 degrees C. Spore germination was visualised with light microscopy and the inhibition rate was calculated. The percentage of hyphal damage caused by PMNs pretreated with various concentrations of ACF was measured by a colorimetric tetrazolium metabolic assay.The inhibition rate of spore germination by AMs cultured with medium alone (control) was 90 (0.8)% whereas that by AMs cultured with the medium containing 10% ACF was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to 41.7 (4.6)%. ACF suppressed the inhibition of spore germination in a dose dependent manner without altering the phagocytosing activity against the spores. The percentage of hyphal damage caused by PMNs pretreated with medium-199 (control) was 78.1 (2.3)% compared with 65.3 (2.8)% when PMNs were pretreated with 50% ACF (p < 0.05).A fumigatus releases biologically active substance(s) which suppress the inhibition of spore germination by AMs and also suppress PMN mediated hyphal damage, and thus may contribute to the pathogenicity of this fungus.
Efficacy of Octreotide in the Therapy of Severe Nonproliferative and Early Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: M.B. Grant, R.N. Mames, C. Fitzgerald, K.M. Hazariwala, R. Cooper-DeHoff, S. Caballero, K.S. Estes
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Lettersnondiabetic siblings of type 1 diabetic patients and therefore correlated with plasma concentrations of Lp(a) and fibrinogen.Cases of hyponatremia have been correlated with inflammation ( 14) and increased plasma interleukin Ϫ6 concentration (15).These findings are consistent with our hypothesis of an association among inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.Moreover, the familiarly overactive NHE could be viewed independently as further evidence for the presence in these families of a redox disequilibrium in which oxidation seems to be dominant.