tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Private Cost Containment: The Art of the Possible?
Authors: Richard H. Egdahl, Diana Chapman Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

In this issue of the Journal, Havighurst and Hackbarth take up the cudgels for market-oriented approaches to the problem of health-care costs. Their cause has much to commend it. They deliberately keep the discussion on an abstract plane, asserting that to do otherwise would "plunge us immediately into unnecessary controversy and obscure the essential points." But the problem with this decision is that it raises questions about antitrust enforcement and "smoothly working market forces" that cannot be answered because of a gap between the ideal abstractions and what is known to be feasible.One can come away with these . . .
Development of coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolemia.
Authors: H Mabuchi, J Koizumi, M Shimizu, R Takeda
Journal: Circulation (1989)

We studied the development of coronary artery disease in 10 homozygous and 692 heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Seventy-five (22%) male heterozygotes and 35 (10%) female heterozygotes were affected by myocardial infarction, which was first noted in men in the 3rd decade of life and in women in the 4th decade of life. Thirty-eight (70%) out of the deceased 54 heterozygous patients died of coronary heart disease. The mean age at death was significantly less in male heterozygotes (54 years) than in female heterozygotes (69 years). Five homozygous and 105 male and 56 female heterozygous patients received coronary angiographic evaluation. The regression equations between age (X) and coronary stenosis index (Y) obtained by assigning score (0 to 5) to each of 15 coronary artery segments were Y = 1.57X - 20.43 (r = 0.956, p less than 0.05) in the homozygotes, Y = 0.52X - 9.11 (r = 0.438, p less than 0.001) in the male heterozygotes, and Y = 0.47X - 12.54 (r = 0.343, p less than 0.01) in the female heterozygotes. From these data, we can assume that coronary artery stenosis detectable by angiography will occur after 17 and 25 years of age in male and female heterozygotes, respectively, and the treatment of heterozygotes with lipid-lowering drugs can be delayed until late adolescence.
Letter: Lithium poisoning precipitated by diuretics.
Authors: A C Macfie
Journal: BMJ (1975)

sPecial consideration concerming suscepti- bility to malaria and infection with some species of babesia in patients who have undergone ;splenectomy for haematological disorders.Research work on apes and monkeys has shown that when these animals have acquired immuunity to malaria they can be reinfected with the same .strain of tthe same species of parasite if, before reinfection, the
Phosphate-induced hypocalcaemia and experimental digitalis intoxication
Authors: A. ABITBOL, C. D. ABATE, A. ARIAS, L. CUSIMANO, C. GUZZO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

The effects of inorganic phosphate-induced hypocalcaemia on experimental digitalis intoxication were studied in 75 dogs. In the control digitalized group four animals died of ventricular fibrillation, eight remained with frank signs of intoxication at the end of the 180 min period, and in three animals the ECG returned to normal. Intravenous infusion of inorganic disodium monopotassium phosphate induced a return to normal of the ECG, in all cases, in 38·5 ± 22 min. Infusions of a buffered glucose or a potassium chloride solution were ineffective. In the phosphate treated group, a marked decrease in serum calcium was observed; in the other groups changes in serum Ca were not significant. Potassium, pH, and HCO3− changes were not significant in any group.
Obesity in US Children and Adults
Authors: Angela Sauaia, Tim Byers
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quality of randomised controlled trials: Quality of trial methods is not good in all disciplines
Authors: H. H G Handoll
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The paper by Soares et al is a useful reminder of the important distinction between quality of trial reporting and quality of trial methods.1

An established, motivated, and informed group such as the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group is likely not only to have well designed trials but to conduct them according to …
Reduction of the extent of ischemic myocardial injury by neutrophil depletion in the dog.
Authors: J L Romson, B G Hook, S L Kunkel, G D Abrams, M A Schork, B R Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils during the acute inflammatory response may exacerbate tissue injury through the release of activated oxygen products or proteolytic enzymes or both. To assess the role of neutrophils in acute myocardial infarction, circulating neutrophil levels in dogs were reduced by 77 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM) by administering rabbit antiserum to dog neutrophils. Acute myocardial infarction was induced in open-chest anesthetized dogs by 90 minutes of left circumflex coronary artery occlusion followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Dogs treated with neutrophil antiserum (n = 8) developed myocardial infarcts that were an average of 43% smaller than infarcts in dogs treated with nonimmune rabbit serum (n = 7) (27.0 +/- 4.5% vs 47.1% +/- 7.5% of the area at risk, p less than 0.05). In a saline-treated control group (n = 8), infarct size was 48.0 +/- 4.7% of the area at risk, a value not significantly different from that of the nonimmune serum group but significantly greater than that in the neutrophil antiserum dogs (p less than 0.05). There were no major hemodynamic differences between groups. Histopathologic examination revealed that infarcted myocardium from dogs given saline or treated with nonimmune serum had a substantial neutrophilic infiltrate, which was virtually absent in infarcted tissue from dogs treated with neutrophil antiserum. These observations suggest that neutrophil accumulation in response to myocardial ischemia may be responsible for a substantial portion of the irreversible myocardial injury resulting from temporary coronary artery occlusion.
Bowel Perforation With Candidiasis
Authors: David Schlossberg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Spontaneous multiple jejunal perforations developed in a relatively normal patient. Candida albicans was cultured from a biopsy specimen of an area of perforation and from peritoneal fluid. Yeasts and pseudohyphae were seen deep within the necrotic mucosa. Serial determinations of precipitating and agglutinating antibodies support the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis causing this unusual presentation.
P461 UTILITY OF BISPECTRAL INDEX MONITORING FOR ASSESSMENT OF PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF OVERT AND MINIMAL HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS
Authors: A. Jindal, B.C. Sharma, S. Sachdeva, R. Chawla, S. Srivastava, S. Maharshi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Involvement of free radicals in the mechanism of 3-methylindole-induced pulmonary toxicity: an example of metabolic activation in chemically induced lung disease.
Authors: T M Bray, S Kubow
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

3-Methylindole (3-MI) is a metabolite of tryptophan which causes acute pulmonary edema and emphysema in ruminants when administered orally or intravenously. 3-MI is metabolized by mixed-function oxidases to a reactive intermediate which may play a role in 3-MI-induced pneumotoxicity. Electron spin-trapping techniques have been used to investigate the in vitro and in vivo formation of free radicals during 3-MI metabolism by goat lung. A nitrogen-centered free radical of 3-MI has been generated from 3-MI in goat lung microsomal incubations. Although a nitrogen-centered free radical can be generated chemically from most of the indolic compounds, only the 3-MI free radical can be generated enzymatically. The formation of the nitrogen-centered 3-MI free radical was followed by the appearance of a carbon-centered lipid radical in microsomal preparations. The findings that an identical carbon-centered free radical was generated by FeSo4 in the microsomal system in the absence of 3-MI and that malonaldehyde formation is stimulated by 3-MI in microsomes led to the conclusion that 3-MI metabolism induces lipid peroxidation of microsomal membranes. The formation of 3-MI-induced lipid radicals was inhibited by vitamin E and glutathione. A carbon-centered radical was spin trapped in vivo in the lungs of goats infused with 3-MI. This radical had the same splitting constants as the carbon-centered lipid radical trapped in microsomal incubations containing 3-MI. This finding indicates that the metabolism of 3-MI in goat lung in vivo generates a lipid radical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A BED LIFT.
Authors: H. H. JANEWAY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The form of apparatus here described has proved itself so useful in the care of many of my postoperative cases, that it has seemed as though both those connected with larger hospitals as well as many who do most of their work with limited nursing help would welcome its use. There are many forms of bed lifts manufactured by the instrument makers, but all of these, so far as I have been able to discover, are so arranged that the patient must be lifted bodily on the machine, as a patient would be lifted on a stretcher, before it can be used. <h3>DESCRIPTION.</h3> In this form of apparatus, however, one nurse is easily able to place three bands beneath the patient, and thus alone to lift the patient. The one passed beneath the shoulders is readily placed by first lifting one shoulder and pulling the band down underneath the back
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Induced Zn Sequestration Enhances Macrophage Superoxide and Limits Intracellular Pathogen Survival
Authors: Kavitha Subramanian Vignesh, Julio A. Landero Figueroa, Aleksey Porollo, Joseph A. Caruso, George S. Deepe
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Using models to explore whole-body metabolism and accessing models through a model library
Authors: M.E. Wastney, K.N.Siva Subramanian, N. Broering, R. Boston
Journal: Metabolism (1997)

A model is a mathematical representation of a system that can be used to explore the system in a number of ways: to determine the system's internal connections, to calculate properties of the system such as flow rates and pool sizes, and to make predictions about the system's behavior under different conditions. The use of modeling to explore whole-body metabolism is demonstrated using a compartmental model of zinc kinetics as an example. Because models are useful tools for exploring systems, a facility called a “model library” is being established on the Internet to provide access to working versions of published models.
A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY EVALUATING THE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF HIGH-DEFINITION CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY: AN INTENT-TO-DIAGNOSE ANALYSIS
Authors: Troy LaBounty, Jonathon Leipsic, G.B. John Mancini, Brett Heilbron, Smita Patel, Ella Kazerooni, Fay Y. Lin, Giora Saltzman, Adam Saltzman, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Jin-Ho Choi, Nina Koduru, James K. Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
YAWS AND SYPHILIS
Authors: D. B. Blacklock
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, January 13, page 148, was a communication from Dr. C. S. Butler of New York dealing with the much debated topic of yaws and syphilis. With reference to a critical review that I made of the subject, which appeared in the<i>Tropical Diseases Bulletin</i>, the statement is made that "Blacklock proves the proposition that yaws and syphilis are the same thing." This appears to be a misapprehension on the the part of Dr. Butler. My incentive in endeavoring to appraise the significance of the usual diagnostic points by which yaws is said to be distinguishable from syphilis was the necessity for putting the matter as clearly as possible for students. All that emerged was that the usual differential points will not in fact serve as diagnostic; this, however, doesnot appear to warrant the conclusion that I have proved that yaws and syphilis are the
Fluphenazine enanthate in schizophrenia.
Authors: A C Sims
Journal: BMJ (1970)

months resulted in early and continued overall improvement.The stools became firmer and the frequency reduced to two or three a day.There was relief of the abdominal pain and discomfort.His weight has remained constant at 8-st.(55 kg.).He has been maintained for 11 months on one tablet t.d.s. with no evidence of tolerance developing, and now has returned to his normal work as a garage mechanic.My thanks to Dr. B.
Gas-air Machines
Authors: J. Elam
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>Background</h3> Vietnam has prioritised the establishment of a civil registration system for deaths but as yet is unable to report accurate national statistics for the population of 93.5 million people due to inadequate mortality data. Verbal autopsy data suggest that injury is a third leading cause of death (by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision chapters) in Vietnam, with road traffic injuries in particular a significant and increasing challenge. The study aims to present a more accurate profile of the number and probable causes of these deaths based on data collected hospitals using a version of the WHO death certificate modified for the Vietnamese context. <h3>Methods</h3> Death data collected from Viet Duc Surgical and Trauma Hospital in Vietnam between 1 March 2013 to 31 March 2015 was analysed to explore the number and probable causes of deaths for deaths resulting from an injury. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1616 deaths were recorded for Viet Duc Hospital, of which 73% (1181/1616) were associated with an injury. Most (83%; n=871/1049) injury-related deaths for which immediate cause of death was documented were as a result of head/brain injuries. Injury-related deaths were most commonly caused by from traffic accidents (72%, 853/1181). The majority of patients suffering injury-related deaths were discharged home to die (93%, 1097/1181). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The study confirms some findings from previous studies about deaths from injuries, while disagreeing with others, highlighting the challenge for Vietnam in collecting these data. Gathering detailed death data provides essential evidence on which to base decisions about allocation of government funding and policy for injury prevention and treatment.
Current Procedures for Scanning of the Spleen
Authors: PATRICIA A. MCINTYRE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Spleen scanning is a valuable procedure for estimating the size, configuration, and location of splenic tissue and for detecting space-occupying lesions within the spleen. Two functions of the spleen provide the basis for spleen scanning: appropriately damaged erythrocytes are preferentially sequestered in splenic sinusoids; and the reticuloendothelial cells of the spleen, as well as those of other organs, accumulate intravenously injected colloidal particles by phagocytosis. Damaged erythrocytes or colloidal particles labeled with suitable gamma-emitting radionuclides can be used to obtain scanning images of the spleen. Although several methods are adequate for the majority of clinical problems, the colloidal preparations labeled with short-lived nuclides are preferred for routine use. Erythrocytes damaged by 1-mercuri-2-hydroxypropane provide the most precise estimate of splenic size, and the use of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes damaged by heat is the best method for detection of accessory spleens.
Pretransplantation clinical status and outcome of emergency transplantation for acute liver failure
Authors: John Devlin, Julia Wendon, Nigel Heaton, Kai-Chah Tan, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Emergency transplantation for acute liver failure has a significantly inferior outcome than transplantations performed for elective indications. The severity of the pretransplantation clinical illness in this group will contribute to the reduced patient survival. We have reviewed the outcome of our first 100 consecutive adult patients who received transplants for acute liver failure and have evaluated and determined which recipient clinical parameters present on admission and at transplantation act as risk factors in early posttransplantation outcome. In patients who received transplants for nonacetaminophen-induced liver failure (n = 79), no static variable determinable on admission (including age, sex, year of transplantation, hospital admission to transplantation period, and fulminant or late-onset presentation) other than cause was predictive of 2-month patient survival. Fulminant Wilson's disease and idiosyncratic drug reactions with 2-month survival rates of 100% and 12.5%, respectively, had significantly different outcomes from other causes. By the time of transplantation, of four dynamic variables significant in a univariate analysis (serum creatinine, encephalopathy grade, Apache 111 and organ system failure scores, and P values < .05), only the creatinine level was an independent variable in a stepwise logistic regression for 2-month survival (r = .33). In patients who received transplants for acetaminophen hepatotoxicity (n = 21), overdose to hepatectomy period was the only significant static variable, with no parameter predictive of outcome present on admission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MEDICAL CARE OF THE INDIANS
Authors: C. W. Dewey
Journal: JAMA (1949)

To the Editor:—  In two recent issues ofThe Journalhave appeared special articles on the care of Indians in the Upper Midwest area and in the Navajo area. As I am at the present time a doctor in the Indian Service, I read these articles with considerable interest, and as I have worked for the Indian Service in Idaho and consequently know something of conditions in the Upper Midwest area, I am pleased to observe that the group who made that survey did an exceptionally fine piece of work. Both their findings and recommendations show considerable discernment and acumen. I am not familiar with the Navajo area and consequently am in no position to form an opinion of that report. I would be much interested, however, in a report on the area of Washington, Oregon and California, as I do know something of Indian conditions in these states and
1054-155 Antiangiogenic therapy of early atherosclerosis with paramagnetic α ν β 3 -integrin-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles
Authors: Patrick M Winter, Anne M Morawski, Shelton D Caruthers, Thomas D Harris, Ralph W Fuhrhop, Huiying Zhang, John S Allen, Elizabeth K Lacy, Todd A Williams, Samuel A Wickline, Gregory M Lanza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Multi-step inhibition explains HIV-1 protease inhibitor pharmacodynamics and resistance
Authors: S. Alireza Rabi, Gregory M. Laird, Christine M. Durand, Sarah Laskey, Liang Shan, Justin R. Bailey, Stanley Chioma, Richard D. Moore, Robert F. Siliciano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs) are among the most effective antiretroviral drugs. They are characterized by highly cooperative dose-response curves that are not explained by current pharmacodynamic theory. An unresolved problem affecting the clinical use of PIs is that patients who fail PI-containing regimens often have virus that lacks protease mutations, in apparent violation of fundamental evolutionary theory. Here, we show that these unresolved issues can be explained through analysis of the effects of PIs on distinct steps in the viral life cycle. We found that PIs do not affect virion release from infected cells but block entry, reverse transcription, and post-reverse transcription steps. The overall dose-response curves could be reconstructed by combining the curves for each step using the Bliss independence principle, showing that independent inhibition of multiple distinct steps in the life cycle generates the highly cooperative dose-response curves that make these drugs uniquely effective. Approximately half of the inhibitory potential of PIs is manifest at the entry step, likely reflecting interactions between the uncleaved Gag and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of the Env protein. Sequence changes in the CT alone, which are ignored in current clinical tests for PI resistance, conferred PI resistance, providing an explanation for PI failure without resistance.
Intramyocardial Injection of Autologous Cardiospheres or Cardiosphere-Derived Cells Preserves Function and Minimizes Adverse Ventricular Remodeling in Pigs With Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shuo-Tsan Lee, Anthony J. White, Satoshi Matsushita, Konstantinos Malliaras, Charles Steenbergen, Yiqiang Zhang, Tao-Sheng Li, John Terrovitis, Kristine Yee, Sinan Simsir, Raj Makkar, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
WHO launches “plan of war” to tackle avian flu
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The H5N1 avian influenza outbreak in Asia can be tackled if countries work together, top officials at the World Health Organization have said.

Shigeru Omi, regional director for WHO's regional office for the western Pacific region, which includes China, Thailand, and Vietnam, the countries in Asia worst affected by the outbreak, said, “We are at the tipping point—we can sit back and watch the situation get worse or react,” he said. “We are not powerless, and we can turn this around, but we have to do it vigorously and with energy.”

Dr Omi was speaking at the opening of a three day conference in Kuala Lumpur this week on how to implement risk reduction measures in Asia. The event was jointly organised by WHO, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, and the World Organization for Animal Health.

“We have to come out of this conference with a …
Prothrombin gainesville. A dysprothrombinemia in a pair of identical twins
Authors: Laura G. Smith, Leah A. H. Coone, Craig S. Kitchens
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

A pair of identical twins was evaluated for menometrorrhagia and mild post-operative bleeding. Each had a slightly prolonged partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Full hemostatic evaluation was normal, except that plasma prothrombin activity was 23% and 25% of normal with a Russell's viper venom assay. Each twin had 70% of normal plasma prothrombin antigen. Prothrombin kinetic data were obtained before and during hysterectomy. In these twins, infused prothrombin (Konyne) was found to have a volume of distribution of approximately one and one-half times the plasma volume and a half-life of 34 hours. The previously reported dysprothrombins are briefly reviewed. Prothrombin Gainesville is the twelfth such disorder reported.