tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Scientists find a new way around blood clotting disorders
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2000)

People with clotting disorders are usually lacking factor VIII or IX from the intrinsic clotting pathway. Conventional treatment for these conditions involves regular injections of plasma products containing the missing factors, or injections of recombinant products.

The injected products are associated with two problems: they lack stability, and so the injections need to be repeated frequently; and the recipient may raise an immune response to the foreign products, which causes inactivation of the injected products.

Professor Harvey Pollard from the Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, and his team have now come up with a new …
Anniversary and Advertisements
Authors: ERIC E. LETOVSKY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1977Anniversary and AdvertisementsERIC E. LETOVSKYERIC E. LETOVSKYSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-5-631_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I was angered and disappointed to read Dr. Moser's editorial on the need for drug advertising in medical journals (1). I was angered because Dr. Moser's short-sighted perspective avoided some of the more critical issues of the controversy and disappointed because it typified the complacency of the medical profession toward this important topic.Dr. Moser emphasizes that without drug advertisement the cost of theAnnalswould increase from $25 to $37 per year and that "this is what justifies the incorporation of drug advertising in this journal." I hope Dr. Moser is not naive enough to think...References1. MOSER R: Advertising and our journal. Ann Intern Med, 87:114-115, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. KATZ M: Summary publication drug symposium, in Drug Information for the Health Care Team, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 30-31 May 1975, p. 14 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Faculty of Medicine McGill University Montreal, Quebec Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRMP 1 November 1977Volume 87, Issue 5Page: 631-631KeywordsDrugs Issue Published: 1 November 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
SINUSITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: G. C. Scantlebury
Journal: BMJ (1935)

Where muscular relaxation is required and a gas- oxygen anaesthetic is to be used some form of pre- medication is essential.The use of a suitable hypnotic will usually obviate the necessity of adding ether to the gas employed.In certain operations in which it is essential that there should be no post-anaesthetic vomiting, a preliminary administration of a small dose of avertin followed by anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and oxygen is very satisfactory.Especially is this the case in some eye operations, where vomiting may absolutely ruin the result. Value of AtropineThe foregoing remarks have referred only to sedative premedicant drugs, but before concluding some mention must be made of the use of atropine.This is the most valuable premedicant of all, and should be used before all anaesthetic agents, and in all cases except where the basal metabolic rate is high.It inhibits the action of the vagus a-nd diminishes mucous secretion.It should be given hypodermically in doses of 1/100 to 1/150 grain one hour before operation, except in the case of children, when it is better to give tincture of belladonna by the mouth to obviate the discomfort of the sub- cutaneous injection. SummaryTo sum up, for children and nervous patients some sedative is essential, but no one drug is suitable in all cases.Administration should never be done by the in- travenous route, the rectal route being the most suitable and avertin the best of the drugs so used.Atropine should be given except when the basal metabolic rate is high.
Portal-systemic shunting and portal-systemic encephalopathy: A predictable relationship
Authors: Harold O. Conn
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Objective Results of the first prospective randomized clinical trial comparing partial and total portacaval shunt for variceal hemorrhage are reported. Summary Background Data Total portacaval shunts produce subnormal portal pressures, completely diverting hepatic portal flow. Partial shunts maintain higher pressures and preserve hepatopedal flow. No randomized trials of these two approaches have been performed. Methods Alcoholic patients with cirrhosis (n = 30) and variceal hemorrhage treated at one institution were randomized to receive partial (8-mm diameter portacaval H grafts with collateral ablation, n = 14) or total shunts (16-mm diameter grafts, n = 16). Portography was performed after operation and then yearly. Investigators blinded to shunt type assessed encephalopathy; hospitalizations were reviewed. Results Child's class, age, and operative urgency were similar for the two groups. Two patients (with total shunts) died within 30 days. Hepatopedal flow was maintained in 13 partial and 0 total shunt patients ( P &lt; 0.0001). Shunt gradients were 16 ± 5 compared with 6 ± 3 cm saline after partial and total shunts ( P &lt; 0.0001). There were no shunt thromboses or variceal hemorrhages. Encephalopathy-free survival was significantly greater after partial shunts ( P = 0.013; life table analysis). Five total compared with zero partial shunt patients required hospitalization for coma ( P = 0.02). Long-term survival was not different for the two groups of patients. Conclusions Partial shunts control variceal hemorrhage while maintaining hepatopedal flow and elevated portal pressures. By minimizing encephalopathy rates, partial shunts provide improved quality of survival compared with total shunts.
Francis William Beswick
Authors: R. Maynard, J. G. Jones, F. W. Beswick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Francis William Beswick (“Frank”) investigated the Georgi Markov umbrella murder.

Frank was born in Aberdare in 1926 and grew up in Newport, South Wales. He had an unusual introduction to medicine when he was 14 years old. A Heinkel bomber collided with a barrage balloon and crashed near his home next to St Woolos Hospital in the town centre. The pilot escaped by parachute but the remainder of the crew died. His uncle was a doctor at the hospital and performed the necropsies.

Frank went on to win a scholarship to the Welsh National School of Medicine in Cardiff, where he excelled, taking medals in anatomy and physiology, and he was later appointed to the coveted house officer posts to the professors of medicine and surgery at Cardiff Royal Infirmary. He served in the Royal Air Force in Egypt as a medical officer and never lost the moustache and staccato speech from that period of his life.

He returned to Cardiff in 1952, when J H Dible, professor of pathology at Hammersmith, captured his concerns for the future of clinical medicine. In a prescient address to the Cardiff Medical School, Dible predicted today’s culture where “high quality” defined the tolerable and “excellence grows on trees.” This prompted Frank to return to the preclinical sciences, and he was appointed lecturer, later senior lecturer, in Cardiff University Physiology …
Quality Assurance Programs
Authors: SHERWOOD P. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 April 1977Quality Assurance ProgramsSHERWOOD P. MILLER, M.D., F.A.C.PSHERWOOD P. MILLER, M.D., F.A.C.PSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-4-505 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Brook and Williams (Ann Intern Med 85:509-515, 1976) on use of injections disturbs by its implications and infuriates with its reflections of the authors' prejudices. One must sympathize with the editors faced with such a paper; to refuse publication would render them open to charges of unwillingness to face criticism of medical practice. Yet the standards of accuracy within the study and the conclusions of the authors would surely have led to rejection had this been an article on any scientific topic.We are faced here with the spectacle of a central statewide bureaucracy...References1. BROOK R: A skeptic looks at peer review. Prism 2:29-32, October 1974 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. BROOK R and WILLIAMS K: Quality assurance today and tomorrow: forecast for the future. Ann Intern Med 85:809-817, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar3. BROOK R and WILLIAMS K: Evaluation of the New Mexico Peer Review System, 1971 to 1973. Med Care 14 (12) (suppl): December 1976 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SHERWOOD P. MILLER, M.D., F.A.C.PAffiliations: Bethpage Medical Building 4277 Hempstead Turnpike Bethpage, NY 11714 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOrganic electrosyntheses in industry 1 April 1977Volume 86, Issue 4Page: 505-506KeywordsHealth care quality assessment ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Case 42-1988
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Francis J. Scholz, Edward J. Gutmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Presentation of CaseA 67-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dysphagia, epigastric pain, and a mass at the esophagogastric junction.She was well until 8 to 10 months earlier, when she began to experience dysphagia for solid food but not for liquids. Several months before admission she began to regurgitate food intermittently when recumbent. Two months before entry epigastric pain on swallowing solid food developed. An upper gastrointestinal series, performed elsewhere, showed an esophageal mass. The patient was referred to this hospital. X-ray films of the chest (Fig. 1) revealed a large, calcified, doughnut-shaped density behind the . . .
Abstract 371: In vivo monitoring of metabolic inhibition in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Vlad C. Sandulache, James A. Bankson, Heath Skinner, Yuan Wang, Yunyun Chen, Cristina T. Dodge, Thomas Ow, John D. Hazle, Jeffrey N. Myers, Stephen Y. Lai
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose/Objective(s): Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for over half of thyroid cancer related deaths and is generally refractory to conventional treatment. Development of novel therapeutic options is critical for the management of this deadly disease. Since tumor cells fulfill energy requirements primarily through aerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial respiration, metabolic inhibition represents an attractive treatment modality. In vivo real time imaging may be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of targeting tumor metabolism. Materials/Methods: A panel of ATC cell lines was evaluated for dependence on glucose and glutamine for cell proliferation and survival. Intracellular ATP levels and cellular reducing potential were measured in cells treated with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). Enhancement of the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and radiation therapy (XRT) with 2-DG was evaluated. In a murine orthotopic xenograft model of ATC, real-time hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (HP-MRI) was employed to assess the effects of 2-DG on tumor metabolism. Results: Glucose, but not glutamine starvation, resulted in significant ATC cell death, suggesting that glucose is the primary nutrient for ATC in vitro. Alterations in extracellular glucose levels affected ATP and cellular reducing potential and both were inhibited by 2-DG. Treatment of ATC cells with 2-DG potentiated the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin alone, XRT alone or cisplatin with XRT. Dynamic spectroscopy of HP-[1-13C]-pyruvate revealed differences in the rate of conversion of pyruvate to lactate in 2-DG treated animals compared to their controls (p=0.504). Analysis with a kinetic model accounting for chemical and physical exchange highlighted this difference (p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusions: Generalized dependence of ATC cells on glucose catabolism provides an opportunity to utilize metabolic inhibition to enhance sensitivity to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. HP-MRI may represent an effective means to assess metabolic targeting in vivo. Continued refinement of the kinetic parameters that relate the observed signal to multiple physical and chemical pools is necessary to facilitate interpretation of the observed changes. The synchronized optimization of metabolic inhibitors with complementary imaging agents in a preclinical platform may facilitate translation of these therapeutic options for ATC to the clinical setting. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 371. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-371
Research should be accessible to all, says Wellcome Trust
Authors: K. Burke
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Everyone should have free internet access to the full text of high quality, peer reviewed articles as soon as the paper version is published, says the UK's top biomedical research charity.

In a position statement released last week the Wellcome Trust called for a rethink of the £22bn ($37bn; €32bn) scientific publishing market, to ensure that progress in research and the public good are not neglected at the expense of commercial interests.

According to the trust the average cost …
A salutary case of Fumaderm<sup>�</sup>potentially masking the symptoms of bowel cancer and partial bowel obstruction
Authors: S.Y. Ng, J. Wilkinson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, We present a patient who was started on Fumaderm® (dimethylfumarate + monoethylfumarate Ca, Mg and Zn salts; Fumedica, Herne, Germany) for treatment of his chronic plaque psoriasis. The side‐effect profile of Fumaderm® is good with mainly flushing, gastrointestinal upset in the form of bloating and a relative lymphocytopenia. Our case highlights how the common adverse events of gastrointestinal upset, namely abdominal pain and cramps, diarrhoea, nausea and bloating, can effectively disguise the similar symptoms of co‐existent bowel cancer and partial bowel obstruction. Our patient experienced all these gastrointestinal symptoms typified by the side‐effects associated with Fumaderm® therapy. They were automatically and erroneously attributed to be due to Fumaderm® and it was only on the development of a microcytic anaemia and investigation into a gastrointestinal cause for this that a metastatic bowel cancer with imminent bowel obstruction was identified. Our case serves as an invaluable caveat for all dermatologists who routinely prescribe Fumaderm® in their practice that the persistence of gastrointestinal symptoms while on Fumaderm® may well herald a more sinister aetiology warranting and justifying prompt investigation.
Reverse Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch
Authors: JULIO C. PALMAZ, CHARLES A. BARNETT, STANLEY B. REICH, PETER E. KRUMPE, PAUL A. FARRER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Patients having lobar airway obstruction or consolidation usually have decreases of both ventilation and perfusion on lung scans. We report three patients in whom hypoxic vasoconstriction was apparently incomplete, resulting in a “reversed” ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Perfusion of the hypoxic lobe on the radionuclide scan was associated with metabolic alkalosis, pulmonary venous and pulmonary arterial hypertension in these patients.
Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients With Hereditary Pancreatitis
Authors: Albert B. Lowenfels, Patrick Maisonneuve, David C. Whitcomb, Markus M. Lerch, Eugene P. DiMagno
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Crisis in General Practice
Authors: G. R. Foster
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The premise is presented that general practice needs not so much to be preserved as rebuilt. The need for first-line medical care continues. But the nature of the need has changed and will continue to change. The challenge is directed to the leadership of organized medicine to recognize and interpret the changes and meet the new needs with new and positive approaches. The beginning point must be in education. It is there that our patterns of practice as well as scientific knowledge are spelled out and imprinted upon those who will practice tomorrow's medicine. Failure to meet this challenge will do disservice to the profession as well as the public. To meet it adequately may do more to reserve the control of medical practice to the profession than all the time and substance, that have been thus far spent in legislative efforts.
INCIDENCE OF SPIROCHAETA PALLIDA IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DURING EARLY STAGE OF SYPHILIS
Authors: ALAN M. CHESNEY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It is now universally admitted that the causative agent of syphilis may invade the central nervous system during the early stage of the disease at the time of the general dissemination of the organism. This fact has been proved by (<i>a</i>) the occurrence at such a time of clinical signs of disease of the central nervous system; (<i>b</i>) the presence of abnormalities of the cerebrospinal fluid, and (<i>c</i>) the recovery of the organism itself from the spinal fluid. There is already an extensive literature dealing with the first two phases of the question, and no detailed reference need be made to them in this communication. It is our purpose to deal with the last-named aspect of the question, namely, the occurrence of<i>Spirochaeta pallida</i>in the spinal fluid of patients with early untreated syphilis, and to report the results of a series of inoculations of rabbits with such fluid. <h3>HISTORY</h3>
Plasma cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate response to glucagon in patients with liver disease.
Authors: T F Davies, K Prudhoe, A P Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The change in plasma cyclic adenosine-39, 59-monophosphate (AMP) was measured after intravenous injection of 1 mg of glucagon in 10 normal subjects and 30 patients with various forms of liver disease. Patients with cirrhosis and those with intrahepatic cholestasis responded normally but in patients with extrahepatic obstruction the plasma cyclic AMP response was considerably increased. Six of the eight patients with cirrhosis and a surgically created portacaval shunt had very reduced responses. This test may prove to be diagnostically important, particularly in differentiating surgical from non-surgical jaundice.
Preclinical targeting of human acute myeloid leukemia and myeloablation using chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells
Authors: Saar Gill, Sarah K. Tasian, Marco Ruella, Olga Shestova, Yong Li, David L. Porter, Martin Carroll, Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers, John Scholler, Stephan A. Grupp, Carl H. June, Michael Kalos
Journal: Blood (2014)
Substance Abuse and Anesthesiology Training
Authors: Jerry S. Matsumura
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Although addiction in anesthesiology has serious and potentially fatal consequences, the conclusions of Menk et al1regarding reentry of the addicted anesthesiology resident are incorrect. This study is an incomplete survey of program directors whose responses may have been altered by their historical perspective or level of understanding of addictive disease. It is plausible that the inherent bias of these studies was exaggerated, in that directors with catastrophic experiences (brain injury or death) would be more likely to respond to the questionnaire than those with minor difficulties. Over a 14-year span, 31 programs did not report a single case of substance abuse, which suggests that the study by Menk et al is missing a number of residents with a less visible expression of their disease.  The validity of the recommendation by Menk et al that parenteral opioid abusers be redirected into another specialty depends on the
Hepatitis and Diaphragm Fitting
Authors: Ludwig A. Lettau
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to the suggestion by Dr Wislocki<sup>1</sup>that hepatitis B and perhaps the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) could be transmitted via reusable diaphragm fitting rings, we are not aware of any reports of hepatitis B transmission implicating such devices. Also, recent laboratory data suggest that the etiologic viruses of both these diseases will in fact be inactivated by the disinfection procedure recommended by the manufacturer. With respect to hepatitis B virus (HBV), lack of an in vitro culture method has hampered study of its inactivation kinetics by chemical or physical agents. This has fostered the concept that it is an unusually resistant virus. However, two recent studies<sup>2,3</sup>have shown that the virus is, in fact, sensitive to a spectrum of disinfectant chemicals including alcohols (70% isopropanol, 80% ethanol). In these studies, chimpanzees were directly inoculated with HBV-positive human plasma treated with a variety of
Ultrasonic device wins neurosurgeon praise
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Innovative instruments that have come into use in this country in the past few years now enable neurosurgeons routinely to remove benign or malignant CNS tumors that might once have frustrated their best efforts. Fred Epstein, MD, professor of neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, told the recent Congress of Neurological Surgeons meeting in Chicago that the CUSA (Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator), developed by Cooper Medical Corp, Santa Clara, Calif, is one of the most efficacious of these devices. The CUSA permits the neurosurgeon to remove large tumors from teh inside out, "debulking" them quickly and effectively, without traction or manipulation and with minimal transmission of movement to adjacent normal tissues. The instrument's hollow titanium tip, vibrating 23,000 times per second, rapidly fragments even firm tumors. Simultaneously, it delivers an irrigating solution that converts the fragmented tissue into an emulsion and then aspirates the particles, leaving