The Continuing Challenge of Hemoglobin and Bile Pigment Metabolism
Authors: C. J. WATSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

Article1 December 1965The Continuing Challenge of Hemoglobin and Bile Pigment MetabolismC. J. WATSON, M.D., M.A.C.P.C. J. WATSON, M.D., M.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-6-931 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLet me acknowledge what a great pleasure it is to recollect the honor and privilege of being a John Phillips lecturer of this College, and, of course, it is an added honor to follow our President and the Phillips lecturer of 1965 on this morning's program. I am grateful for the invitation to follow up at this time, although I sense a certain element of double jeopardy in this assignment, not only for myself but for any who may have been at this meeting 8 years ago. But let us take heart from Samuel Johnson's well-known remark that "a second...References1. WATSON CJ: Some challenging aspects of hemoglobin metabolism. The John Phillips Memorial Award Lecture of the American College of Physicians. Ann. Intern. Med. 47: 611, 1957. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WATSON CJ: Recent studies of the urobilin problem. The Thomas Young Lecture, St. George's Hospital, London. J. Clin. Path. 16: 1, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MEDAKPRIBAM EBO: Klinisch Pathologische Bewertung von Gallenuntersuchungen am Krankenbett. Berl. Klin. Wschr. 52: 706, 1915. Google Scholar4. EPPINGER H: Die Hepatolienalen Erkrankungen. J. Springer, Berlin, 1920. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. SHEN SC: Urobilinogen excretion after hemoglobin infusions in patients with normal hematologic and hepatic findings. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 105: 264, 1960. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. PASSSCHWARTZWATSON IJSCJ: The conversion of hematin to bilirubin following intravenous administration in human subjects. J. Clin. Invest. 24: 283, 1945. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. OSTROWJANDLSCHMID JDJR: The formation of bilirubin from hemoglobin in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 41: 1628, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. LESTERSCHMID RR: Enterohepatic circulation of urobilinogen. Nature 201: 711, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. GILBERTSENBOSSENMAIERCARDINAL ASIR: Enterohepatic circulation of unconjugated bilirubin in man. Nature 196: 141, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. LESTERSCHMID RR: Intestinal absorption of bile pigment. I. The enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin in the rat. J. Clin. Invest. 42: 736, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar11. SCHMIDHAMMAKER RL: Metabolism and disposition of C14-bilirubin in congenital nonhemolytic jaundice. Trans. Ass. Amer. Physicians 75: 220, 1962. MedlineGoogle Scholar12. FELIXMOEBUS KH: Das Verhalten von Urobilinogen in der Leber. Z. Ges. Exp. Med. 85: 369, 1932. Google Scholar13. GILBERTSENWATSON ASCJ: Studies of the dipyrrylmethene ("fuscin") pigments. III. The variable fate of bilirubin depending upon conjugation and other factors. J. Clin. Invest. 41: 1041, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar14. MATHEWSONCORWIN JHAH: Biosynthesis of pyrrole pigments. A mechanism for porphobilinogen polymerization. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 83: 135, 1961. CrossrefGoogle Scholar15. LONDONWESTSHERWINRITTENBERG IMRDD: On the origin of bile pigment in normal man. J. Biol. Chem. 184: 351, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar16. WHIPPLEROBSCHEIT-ROBBINS GHFS: Muscle hemoglobin as a source of bile pigment. Amer. J. Physiol. 78: 675, 1926. CrossrefGoogle Scholar17. TARCHANOFF JF: Über die Bildung von Gallen pigment aus Blutfarbstoff im Thierkörpe. Arch. Ges. Physiol. 9: 53, 1874. CrossrefGoogle Scholar18. WHIPPLE G: Pigment metabolism and regeneration of hemoglobin in the body. Harvey Led. 17: 95, 1921-2. Google Scholar19. FOX OL: Animal biochromes and structural colours, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1953. Google Scholar20. O'CARRAO'HEOCHACARROLL PCDM: Spectral properties of the phycobilins II Phycoerythrobilin. Biochemistry 3: 1343, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar21. WATSON CJ: Isolation of mesobiliviolin from human feces. Its origin and nature. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 30: 1207, 1933. CrossrefGoogle Scholar22. NICHOLSBOGORAD KEL: Action spectra of phycocyanin formation in a mutant of Cyanidium Caldarium. Bot. Gaz. 124: 85, 1962. CrossrefGoogle Scholar23. O'HEOCHA C: The Phycobilins in Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigments, edited by GOODWIN, T. W., Academic Press, New York, 1965. Google Scholar24. BULLOCKJOHNSONMARKHAMSHAW EAWEKB: A synthesis of coproporphyrin III. J. Chem. Soc. 287: 1430, 1958. CrossrefGoogle Scholar25. PETRYKANICHOLSONGRAY ZDCCH: Isomeric bile pigments as products of the in vitro fission of haemin. Nature 194: 1047, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar26. PULLENPERRAULT BA: On the metabolic breakdown of hemoglobin and the electronic structure of the bile pigments. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 45: 1476, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar27. SJOSTRAND T: Endogenous formation of carbon monoxide in man under normal and pathological conditions. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1: 201, 1949. CrossrefGoogle Scholar28. LEMBERGBADER RG: Die Phycobiline der Rot-algen. Überfuhrung in Mesobilirubin und Dehydromesobilirubin. Ann. Chem. 505: 151, 1933. CrossrefGoogle Scholar29. LONDONWEST IMR: The formation of bile pigment in pernicious anemia. J. Biol. Chem. 184: 359, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar30. JEDLICKA V: Über die Lebertherapie und das Wesen der perniziösen Anämie. Folia Haemat. 42: 359, 1930. Google Scholar31. GRAYSCOTT CHJJ: The effect of haemorrhage on the incorporation of (a14C) glycine into stercobilin. Biochem. J. 71: 38, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar32. BRECHERSTOHLMANN GF: Reticulocyte size and erythropoietic stimulation. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 107: 887, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar33. BORSOOKLlNGRELSCAROMlLLETTE HJBJLRL: Synthesis of hemoglobin in relation to the maturation of erythroid cells. Nature 196: 347, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar34. EVANS RT: Shortlived red cells in normal individuals. Nature 173: 129, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar35. BERENDES M: The proportion of reticulocytes in the erythrocytes of the spleen as compared with those of circulating blood, with special reference to hemolytic states. Blood 14: 558, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar36. BESSISBRETON-GORIUSTHIERY MJP: Rôle possible de l'hemoglobine accompagnat le noyau des érythroblastes dans l'origine de la stercobiline éliminee precócement. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 252: 2300, 1961. Google Scholar37. JONES OP: Electron Microscope Studies of Fetal Erythropoiesis. Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the European Society of Hematology, London, 1959, Part II, pp. 79-81. Google Scholar38. SCHMIDSCHWARTZWATSON RSCJ: Porphyrin content of bone marrow and liver in the various forms of porphyria. Arch. Intern. Med. (Chicago) 93: 167, 1964. CrossrefGoogle Scholar39. SCHMIDSCHWARTZSUNDBERG RSD: Erythropoietic (congenital) porphyria: a rare abnormality of the normoblasts. Blood 10: 416, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar40. GRINSTEINALDRICHHAWKINSONWATSON MRAVCJ: An isotopic study of porphyrin and hemoglobin metabolism in a case of porphyria. J. Biol. Chem. 179: 983, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar41. GRINSTEINALDRICHHAWKINSONLOWRYWATSON MRAVPCJ: Photosensitive or congenital porphyria with hemolytic anemia. II. Isotopic studies of porphyrin and hemoglobin metabolism. Blood 6: 699, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar42. LONDONWESTSHERWINRITTENBERG IMRDD: Porphyrin formation and hemoglobin metabolism in congenital porphyria. J. Biol. Chem. 184: 1, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar43. GRAYNEUBERGERSNEATH CHAPH: Studies in congenital porphyria II. Incorporation of 15 N in the stercobilin in the normal and in the porphyric. Biochem. J. 47: 87, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar44. MACALLUM AB: Die Methoden und Ergebuisse der Mikrochemin in der biolgischen Forschung. Ergebn. Physiol. 7: 552, 1908. CrossrefGoogle Scholar45. BESSMANHAMMEL SPCL: Protein synthesis in nuclei of avian erythrocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 7: 26, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar46. GRANICKLEVERE SR: Visualization of heme in cells by a fluorescence technique; the presence of heme in nuclei of human erythroblasts. Fed. Proc. 23: 222, 1964. Google Scholar47. GRINSTEINBANNERMANVAVRAMOORE MRMJDCV: Hemoglobin metabolism in thalassemia. In vivo studies. Amer. J. Med. 29: 18, 1960. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar48. ISRAELSSUDERMANRITZMANN LGJHSE: Hyperbilirubinemia due to an alternate path of bilirubin production. Amer. J. Med. 27: 693, 1959. CrossrefGoogle Scholar49. ISRAELSZIPURSKY LGA: Primary shunt hyperbilirubinemia. Nature 193: 73, 1962. CrossrefGoogle Scholar50. BERENDSOHNLOWMANSUNDBERGWATSON SJDCJ: Idiopathic dyserythropoietic jaundice. Blood 24: 1, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar51. GILBERTSENLOWRYHAWKINSONWATSON ASPTVCJ: Studies of the dipyrrylmethene ("fuscin") pigments. I. The anabolic significance of the fecal mesobilifuscin. J. Clin. Invest. 38: 1166, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar52. GILBERTSENHAWKINSONWATSON ASVCJ: Studies of dipyrrylmethene ("fuscin") pigments. II. The contrasting ratios and significance of the fecal urobilinogen and mesobilifuscin in certain anemias. J. Clin. Invest. 38: 1175, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar53. ARIAS I: Chronic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (CUH) with increased production of bile pigment not derived from the hemoglobin of mature, circulating erythrocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 410: 1341, 1962. Google Scholar54. JAMESABBOTT GWTD: Stercobilin N15 excretion in refractory anemia. Trans. Amer. Clin. Climat. Ass. 73: 110, 1961. MedlineGoogle Scholar55. ISRAELSYAMAMOTOSKANDERBERGZIPURSKY LGTJA: Shunt bilirubin: evidence for two components. Science 139: 1054, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar56. ISRAELSYAMAMOTOSKANDERBERGZIPURSKY LGTJA: Alternate Pathways of Bilirubin Production. Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the European Society of Hematology, Lisbon, 1963. Karger, Basel, 1964, p. 891. Google Scholar57. YAMAMOTOSKANDERBERGZIPURSKYISRAELS TJALG: The early appearing bilirubin: evidence for two components. J. Clin. Invest. 44: 31, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar58. NEUBERGERSCOTT AJJ: Aminolaevulinic acid and porphyrin biosynthesis. Nature 182: 1093, 1953. CrossrefGoogle Scholar59. BERLINNEUBERGERSCOTT NIAJJ: The metabolism of δ-aminolaevulic acid. II. Normal pathways studied with the aid of 14 C. Biochem. J. 64: 90, 1956. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar60. SCOTT JJ: The Metabolism of δ-Aminolaevulic Acid. CIBA Foundation Symposium on Porphyrin Biosynthesis and Metabolism. J. and A. Churchill, Ltd., London, 1955, p. 43. CrossrefGoogle Scholar61. IBRAHIMWATSON GCJ: Early appearance of a bile bilirubin of high specific activity after administration of C14-δ-amino levulinic acid to a dog with bile fistula. Gastroenterology 46: 299, 1964. Google Scholar62. IBRAHIMSCHWARTZWATSON GSCJ: The contribution of nonhemoglobin hemes to the early labelling of bile bilirubin (abstract). J. Lab. Clin. Med. 64: 1003, 1964. Google Scholar63. IBRAHIMSCHWARTZWATSON GSCJ: The contribution of non-hemoglobin hemes to the early labelling of bile bilirubin. In preparation. Google Scholar64. IBRAHIMSCHWARTZWATSON GSCJ: Conversion of C14 protoporphyrin to liver hemes and bilirubin in bile fistula dogs. In preparation. Google Scholar65. NAKAJIMATAKEMURANAKAJIMAYAMAOKA HTOK: Studies on heme methenyl oxygenase I. The enzymatic conversion of pyridine hemochromogen and hemoglobin-haptoglobin into a possible precursor of biliverdin. J. Biol. Chem. 238: 3784, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar66. SCHWARTZCARDINAL SR: Incorporation of ALA-C14 into dog tissue hemes. Fed. Proc. 24: 485, 1965. Google Scholar67. DE DUVE C: The separation and characterization of subcellular particles. Harvey Lect. 59: 49, 1963-64. Google Scholar68. PRICESTERLINGTARANTOLAHARTLEYRECHCIGL VEWRVARWM: The kinetics of catalase synthesis and destruction in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 237: 3468, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar69. ROBINSONOWENFLOCKSCHMID SHCAEVR: Direct hepatic synthesis of bilirubin: source of "early labelling" bile pigment (abstract). Proceedings of the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 48: 496, 1965. Google Scholar70. PETRYKA Z: In preparation. Google Scholar71. GRAYNICOLAUSNICHOLSON CHRADC: The IX, α structure of the common bile pigments. Nature 184: 183, 1958. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: C. J. WATSON, M.D., M.A.C.P.Affiliations: Minneapolis, MinnesotaFrom the Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School and Hospital, Minneapolis, Minn.This study was supported in part by a research grant from the U. S. Public Health Service and was aided by a contract with the Research and Development Command, Surgeon General's Office, U. S. Army.Portions of this study were presented before the Golden Anniversary Session of the American College of Physicians, March 22, 1965, Chicago, Ill.Requests for reprints should be addressed to C. J. Watson, M.D., University of Minnesota Medical School and Hospital, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byColour and spectral reflectance of stools from normal neonatal babiesExtravascular hemolysis mimicking severe obstructive jaundiceThe Contributions of Erythropoietic and Nonerythropoietic Haem Turnover to the Early Labelled Peak of Endogenous CO Formation in ManThe Biological Life of the Red CellDie An�mie bei Osteomyelosklerose. Vergleich zwischen h�matologischen und erythrokinetischen UntersuchungenBlood Volume and Bilirubin Production in Acute Intermittent PorphyriaComparison of fecal urobilinogen excretion with bilirubin production in normal volunteers and patients with increased bilirubin productionDifferential Diagnosis of HemolysisHematologic and biochemical studies in a case of lead poisoningRecent Advances in Bile Pigment MetabolismThe Incorporation of Delta Aminolaevulinic Acid and Glycine into Faecal Stercobilin and Coproporphyrin in ManThe Origins of BilirubinInterrelationship of Pyrrole and Globin Metabolism in β-ThalassaemiaBilirubin Turnover Studies in Normal and Pathologic States Using Bilirubin-14CPETER V. D. BARRETT, M.D., PAUL D. BERK, M.D., MATTHEW MENKEN, M.D., NATHANIEL I. BERLIN, M.D.The Isolation of Crystalline i-Urobilinogen (Mesobilirubinogen) from FecesAlternate Routes of Bilirubin Metabolism 1 December 1965Volume 63, Issue 6Page: 931-944KeywordsBileHeartHemoglobinHospital medicineMedical servicesPorphyriaResearch grantsSurgeons ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1965 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright ©, 1965, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...