tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Withdrawal Convulsions or Stress Convulsions
Authors: Arthur Ecker
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Two grand mal convulsions in an anxious young man were ascribed to abrupt withdrawal of diazepam, 30 mg/day (236:2172, 1976). An alternative diagnosis is stress convulsions (<i>Arch Neurol</i>31:155, 1974).
Splanchnic lipolysis in human obesity
Authors: Soren Nielsen, ZengKui Guo, C. Michael Johnson, Donald D. Hensrud, Michael D. Jensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Elevated FFA concentrations have been shown to reproduce some of the metabolic abnormalities of obesity. It has been hypothesized that visceral adipose tissue lipolysis releases excess FFAs into the portal vein, exposing the liver to higher FFA concentrations. We used isotope dilution/hepatic vein catheterization techniques to examine whether intra-abdominal fat contributes a greater portion of hepatic FFA delivery in visceral obesity. Obese women (n = 24) and men (n = 20) with a range of obesity phenotypes, taken together with healthy, lean women (n = 12) and men (n = 12), were studied. Systemic, splanchnic, and leg FFA kinetics were measured. The results showed that plasma FFA concentrations were approximately 20% greater in obese men and obese women. The contribution of splanchnic lipolysis to hepatic FFA delivery ranged from less than 10% to almost 50% and increased as a function of visceral fat in women (r = 0.49, P = 0.002) and in men (r = 0.52, P = 0.002); the slope of the relationship was greater in women than in men (P < 0.05). Leg and splanchnic tissues contributed a greater portion of systemic FFA release in obese men and women than in lean men and women. We conclude that the contribution of visceral adipose tissue lipolysis to hepatic FFA delivery increases with increasing visceral fat in humans and that this effect is greater in women than in men.
Increased insulin and leptin sensitivity in mice lacking acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1
Authors: Hubert C. Chen, Steven J. Smith, Zuleika Ladha, Dalan R. Jensen, Luis D. Ferreira, Leslie K. Pulawa, James G. McGuire, Robert E. Pitas, Robert H. Eckel, Robert V. Farese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Acyl coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is one of two known DGAT enzymes that catalyze the final step in mammalian triglyceride synthesis. DGAT1-deficient mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity through a mechanism involving increased energy expenditure. Here we show that these mice have decreased levels of tissue triglycerides, as well as increased sensitivity to insulin and to leptin. Importantly, DGAT1 deficiency protects against insulin resistance and obesity in agouti yellow mice, a model of severe leptin resistance. In contrast, DGAT1 deficiency did not affect energy and glucose metabolism in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice, possibly due in part to a compensatory upregulation of DGAT2 expression in the absence of leptin. Our results suggest that inhibition of DGAT1 may be useful in treating insulin resistance and leptin resistance in human obesity.
Adult cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Authors: S Prusty, D N Ross
Journal: Thorax (1975)

The surgical treatment of cyanotic heart disease in the adult poses some technical difficulties in correcting severe anatomical deformities and compromised physiological states over a wide range of conditions. Various abnormalities and their surgical management have been reviewed. Forty-six patients over the age of 18 years have been operated with 10 operative deaths. Of the survivors, 63% have had excellent clinical result; 69.5% of the total group had an excellent or good result following surgery. It is concluded that the age of the patient is not a bar to the complete repair of these deformities, and all cases of adult cyanotic heart disease should be investigated with a view to surgical correction.
Healing in survivors of torture
Authors: A. Yawar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

A man fought with the Devil.After a titanic struggle, he grabbed the Devil's beard in his hand and gave it a mighty yank.He woke up.The beard in his hand was his own. 1 'Torture is the inversion of the trial, a reversal of cause and effect.The slogans of the South Vietnamese
Mid-trimester septic abortion and Escherichia coli septicaemia in a copper IUCD user.
Authors: R A Sparks, A T Letchworth
Journal: BMJ (1978)

All three patients now described had psoriasis responsive to haemo- dialysis.The beneficial effect of this treatment is unlikely to be due to coincidence.While McEvoy and Kelly noted that their patient relapsed 11 months after the withdrawal of dialysis, our second patient had psoriasis that reappeared promptly after dialysis was stopped and at a time when immunosuppressive treatment would have been ex- pected to maintain a remission.The delay in the appearance of more extensive psoriasis in case 2 and the ultimate relapse in the patient of McEvoy and Kelly was probably due to and dependent upon the reduction of immunosuppressive treatment required after transplantation.Studies on 14C-thymidine incorporation in DNA of transforming lymphocytes suggest that haemodialysis causes a loss of factors from normal and uraemic plasma that are essential for DNA synthesis.3These changes are independent of any lymphopenia caused by dialysis.Similar blood-borne factors responsible for epidermal DNA synthesis may exist and would explain our observations in psoriasis.
A synaptobrevin–like gene in the Xq28 pseudoautosomal region undergoes X inactivation
Authors: Maurizio D'Esposito, Alfredo Ciccodicola, Fernando Gianfrancesco, Teresa Esposito, Luisa Flagiello, Richard Mazzarella, David Schlessinger, Michele D'Urso
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Chronic Inflammation and Susceptibility to Bacterial Infections in Mice Lacking the Polypeptide (p)105 Precursor (NF-κB1) but Expressing p50
Authors: Hideaki Ishikawa, Estefania Claudio, Donna Dambach, Carmen Raventós-Suárez, Carol Ryan, Rodrigo Bravo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The polypeptide (p)50 molecule, a subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, is produced after proteolytic processing of the p105 precursor (NF-kappaB1). Although the p105 precursor has been postulated to play a role in the regulation of the Rel/NF-kappaB activity, its physiological relevance remains unclear. To investigate that, we generated mutant mice lacking the COOH terminal half of the p105 precursor, but expressing the p50 product (p105-/-). These mutant mice displayed an inflammatory phenotype composed of lymphocytic infiltration in lungs and liver, and an increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Enlargement of multiple lymph nodes, splenomegaly due to erythrocytic extramedullary hematopoiesis, and lymphoid hyperplasia were also observed in p105-/- mice. Cytokine production in p105-/- macrophages was severely impaired, whereas proliferative responses of p105-/- B cells were increased. T cell functions were only moderately impaired in mutant mice. Loss of p105 also led to enhanced constitutive p50 homodimer and inducible NF-kappaB activities in unstimulated and stimulated cells, respectively. As several genes regulated by Rel/NF-kappaB were upregulated in p105-/- thymus but downregulated in p105-/- macrophages, the enhanced p50 homodimers appear to function as transcriptional activators or repressors, depending on the cell type. Thus, the p105 precursor is indispensable in the control of p50 activity, and lack of the precursor has distinct effects on different cells.
Intense Transpositional Activity of Insertion Sequences in an Ancient Obligate Endosymbiont
Authors: R. Cordaux, S. Pichon, A. Ling, P. Perez, C. Delaunay, F. Vavre, D. Bouchon, P. Greve
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The streamlined genomes of ancient obligate endosymbionts generally lack transposable elements, such as insertion sequences (IS). Yet, the genome of Wolbachia, one of the most abundant bacterial endosymbionts on Earth, is littered with IS. Such a paradox raises the question as to why there are so many ISs in the genome of this ancient endosymbiont. To address this question, we investigated IS transpositional activity in the unculturable Wolbachia by tracking the evolutionary dynamics and history of ISWpi1 elements. We show that 1) ISWpi1 is widespread in Wolbachia, being present in at least 55% of the 40 sampled strains, 2) ISWpi1 copies exhibit virtually identical nucleotide sequences both within and among Wolbachia genomes and possess an intact transposase gene, 3) individual ISWpi1 copies are differentially inserted among Wolbachia genomes, and 4) ISWpi1 occurs at variable copy numbers among Wolbachia genomes. Collectively, our results provide compelling evidence for intense ISWpi1 transpositional activity and frequent ISWpi1 horizontal transmission among strains during recent Wolbachia evolution. Thus, the genomes of ancient obligate endosymbionts can carry high loads of functional and transpositionally active transposable elements. Our results also indicate that Wolbachia genomes have experienced multiple and temporally distinct ISWpi1 invasions during their evolutionary history. Such recurrent exposition to new IS invasions may explain, at least partly, the unusually high density of transposable elements found in the genomes of Wolbachia endosymbionts.
Cancer Care Signs 30-Year Lease With City of Faith
Authors: F. X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Cancer Care Signs 30-Year Lease With City of Faith Get access Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 6, 21 March 1990, Pages 456–457, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.6.456 Published: 21 March 1990
Interpretation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-γ release assays (T-SPOT.TB) and factors that may modulate test results
Authors: K. Dheda, A. Pooran, M. Pai, R.F. Miller, K. Lesley, H.L. Booth, G.M. Scott, A.N. Akbar, A. Zumla, G.A. Rook
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
DETERMINANTS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE (CHF) WITH SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION: RESULTS OF THE HF-ACTION PREDICTIVE MODEL
Authors: Christopher M. O’Connor, Daniel Wojdyla, Eric Leifer, Stephen Ellis, Kerry Lee, Robert Clare, Ileana Pina, Steven Keteyian, Dalane Kitzman, William Kraus, David Rendall, Lawton Cooper, David Whellan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
REVASCULARIZATION IMPROVES MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION ABNORMALITIES TO A GREATER EXTENT THAN MEDICAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY DATABANK AND DUKE DATABANK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Harry R. Phillips, Linda Shaw, Mona Fiuzat, Christopher O’Connor, Eric Velazquez, Salvador Borges-Neto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Improving Wikipedia: educational opportunity and professional responsibility
Authors: Kristine L. Callis, Lindsey R. Christ, Julian Resasco, David W. Armitage, Jeremy D. Ash, Timothy T. Caughlin, Sharon F. Clemmensen, Stella M. Copeland, Timothy J. Fullman, Ryan L. Lynch, Charley Olson, Raya A. Pruner, Ernane H.M. Vieira-Neto, Raneve West-Singh, Emilio M. Bruna
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2009)
Promotion of gastrointestinal tract tumors in animals: dietary factors.
Authors: P M Newberne, T Schrager
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The biological mode of action of tumor promoters, exemplified by the phorbol esters, is a subject of intensive study in a number of laboratories. A few investigators have recently begun to examine the role of dietary nutrients in tumor promotion, but the available data are sparse and interpretation difficult. A few examples are provided to indicate that some nutrients may be important in the promotion of cancer. However, the fine dividing line between effects on initiation or on promotion, so clearly shown in the mouse two-stage skin cancer model, is not so clear as yet in models used for studies in nutritional carcinogenesis. The animal models for these studies have been primarily rats, mice and hamsters. These have shown that nutrients which appear to have promotion activity are zinc deficiency and 13-cis-retinoic acid for the esophagus; vitamin A deficiency and lipotrope deficiency for the forestomach, unsaturated fat and vitamin A deficiency for liver and colon, lipotrope deficiency for the liver; selenium for the liver. It is probably more correct at this early stage of investigation to consider the effects of nutrients acting either during the time of exposure to the carcinogen, or, after such exposure and when no detectable carcinogen is found in the animals tissues, rather than as promoters in the strict sense.
Cytochrome Oxidase Repair during Treatment of Copper Deficiency: Relation to Mitochondrial Turnover*
Authors: Peter R. Dallman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The repair of cytochrome oxidase depletion during the treatment of copper deficiency was studied in the rat. The purpose of this study was to distinguish the role of new cell production from the possibly more specific role of mitochondrial turnover in determining the rate of this repair. In rats on a copper-deficient regimen until 2.5-3 months of age, activities of cytochrome oxidase expressed as per cent of control were as follows: skeletal muscle (quadratus lumborum), 18%; heart, 27%; liver, 34%; and intestinal mucosa, 34%. After 2-3 days of dietary supplementation with cupric acetate, repair of decreased cytochrome oxidase activity in intestinal mucosa is complete. Histochemical studies indicated that this repair starts in the newly differentiating cells at the base of the villus and then progresses toward the tip of the villus at a rate approximating the normal rate of migration of the mucosal cells. In liver and skeletal muscle, cytochrome oxidase activity returned to control values after 10-15 days of treatment with cupric acetate. In heart muscle, control values were approached more slowly as indicated both by activity of the enzyme and by mitochondrial difference spectra which reflect enzyme concentration. Although cytochrome oxidase repair in the intestine appeared to be limited by the rate of production of new mucosal cells, the rate of repair in liver and skeletal muscle was several times too rapid to be accounted for by known rates of new cell production. Incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA in these tissues in both the deficiency state and during repair indicated no major differences in new cell production compared to that of control animals. However, the time required for cytochrome oxidase repair in liver was similar to the turnover reported for other mitochondrial constituents in this tissue. The rate of cytochrome oxidase repair may therefore be more directly determined by the rate of synthesis of new mitochondrial material than by the rate of production of new cells.
The Need for Outreach in Preventing Suicide among Young Veterans
Authors: Jitender Sareen, Shay-Lee Belik
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

There has been increasing concern about suicide in active service members. In the US military, suicide is the second most common cause of death [1]. Although mental health problems have clearly been associated with deployment to combat and peacekeeping operations [2,3], the literature on suicide has been mixed. Some studies in armed forces have found that the rate of completed suicide was lower than in the general population [4], while other studies have found higher rates [5] or no difference in suicide rates [6,7].

In this issue of PLoS Medicine, Navneet Kapur and colleagues examine the suicide rate in a very large sample of 233,803 individuals who left the UK Armed Forces, and in doing so they significantly advance our knowledge of suicide among veterans [8]. Unique features of this study include comparison of soldiers who had left the Armed Forces to those who were still serving and to the general population, as well as using administrative data to examine mental health service use by individuals prior to committing suicide.

Kapur and colleagues' study had a number of important findings. Although the overall prevalence of suicide was not higher among members who had left the Armed Forces, the risk of suicide among male soldiers less than 24 years of age was two to three times higher than among the general population and those who were currently serving. This study also showed that soldiers with short lengths of service (i.e., less than two years) were at increased risk of suicide compared to those with longer service periods.
ABT-869, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation and signaling in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Deepa B. Shankar, Junling Li, Paul Tapang, J. Owen McCall, Lori J. Pease, Yujia Dai, Ru-Qi Wei, Daniel H. Albert, Jennifer J. Bouska, Donald J. Osterling, Jun Guo, Patrick A. Marcotte, Eric F. Johnson, Niru Soni, Kresna Hartandi, Michael R. Michaelides, Steven K. Davidsen, Saul J. Priceman, Jenny C. Chang, Katrin Rhodes, Neil Shah, Theodore B. Moore, Kathleen M. Sakamoto, Keith B. Glaser
Journal: Blood (2007)
Cardiovascular Risk of Celecoxib in 6 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials
Authors: Scott D. Solomon, Janet Wittes, Peter V. Finn, Robert Fowler, Jaye Viner, Monica M. Bertagnolli, Nadir Arber, Bernard Levin, Curtis L. Meinert, Barbara Martin, Joseph L. Pater, Paul E. Goss, Peter Lance, Stefanie Obara, Emily Y. Chew, Jonghyeon Kim, Gretchen Arndt, Ernest Hawk
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Observational studies and randomized trials have reported increased cardiovascular risk associated with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Prior placebo-controlled randomized studies had limited ability to assess the relationship of either celecoxib dose or pretreatment cardiovascular status to risk associated with celecoxib. Our aim was to assess the cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in 3 dose regimens and to assess the relationship between baseline cardiovascular risk and effect of celecoxib on cardiovascular events. Methods and Results— We performed a patient-level pooled analysis of adjudicated data from 7950 patients in 6 placebo-controlled trials comparing celecoxib with placebo for conditions other than arthritis with a planned follow-up of at least 3 years. Patients were administered celecoxib in 3 dose regimens: 400 mg QD, 200 mg BID, or 400 mg BID. From the pooled data, we calculated a hazard ratio for all dose regimens combined and individual hazard ratios for each dose regimen and examined whether celecoxib-related risk was associated with baseline cardiovascular risk. The primary end point was the combination of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, or thromboembolic event. With 16 070 patient-years of follow-up, the hazard ratio for the composite end point combining the tested doses was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3). The risk, which increased with dose regimen ( P =0.0005), was lowest for the 400-mg-QD dose (hazard ratio, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.6 to 2.0), intermediate for the 200-mg-BID dose (hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.1), and highest for the 400-mg-BID dose (hazard ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 6.1). Patients at highest baseline risk demonstrated disproportionately greater risk of celecoxib-related adverse events ( P for interaction=0.034). Conclusions— We observed evidence of differential cardiovascular risk as a function of celecoxib dose regimen and baseline cardiovascular risk. By further clarifying the extent of celecoxib-related cardiovascular risk, these findings may help guide treatment decisions for patients who derive clinical benefit from selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.
Biographical Sketch and Guide to the Writings of Charles Caldwell, M.D. (1772-1853)
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Bibliomania is an extreme form of the standard occupational disease of all bibliophiles. Dr. Emmet Field Horine, a distinguished medical author and biographer and the owner of a fabulous collection of medical books, has unmistakable signs of this disease. He has recently issued this fascinating book, based on his own private collection. His description of the remarkable chance by which he came upon much of the material is as fascinating as his description of the material itself. Charles Caldwell was a remarkable figure in American medical history, a man who had vast talents which he never fully deployed or controlled, but instead used them extensively in waspish criticisms of innumerable ex-friends for all manner of imagined slights and fancied failures to recognize and admire the "genius of Caldwell." The employment of phrenology and hypnotism by Caldwell and his curious insights into their medical utility, as well as their limitations, indicate
An interesting patient
Authors: Stuart Ungar
Journal: BMJ (2005)

in the workforce may further limit their impact on access and equity goals.The current interest in self help and stepped care is one way of achieving the effectiveness of the replacement/referral model without limiting access, 17 and similar interest exists in the use of non-mental health staff (such as practice nurses) as case managers in collaborative care models.However, the degree to which these improvements in access are achievable without loss of effectiveness is unclear.In conclusion, conceptual models can assist in the interpretation of evidence in a policy context.Future research may seek to formally link systematic review evidence with conceptual models through decision analytic modelling, 18 which may provide a more solid bridge between the evidence and the policy context.Contributors and sources: PB and SG are health services researchers with extensive experience in the application of systematic review methods to policy in mental health.This paper draws together previously published conceptual and empirical reviews in this area.Both authors were involved in the conception and design of the study, data extraction, and writing of the paper.PB is the guarantor of the paper.
Best detection of coronary artery disease and identification of the significantly narrowed coronary artery(ies), using a new technique in exercise testing
Authors: Andreas P. Michaelid, Zoi D. Psomadaki, Konstantina Aggeli, George A. Georgiades, Christos Pitsavos, Christos Seferlis, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Laparoscopic incisions at the lower umbilical verge
Authors: M. C East, P. R M Steele
Journal: BMJ (1988)

with conventional cuprophane membranes.4Haemodialysis with high flux dialysers and polysulfone or polyacrylonitrile membranes lowers t32 microglobulin concentrations, and an improvement in shoulder pain in patients changed to high flux dialysers has been reported.5The mechanism of the improvement is not clear; possibly amyloid is no longer deposited and the associated inflammation decreases.The improved biocompatibility of these membranes is known to be associated with reduced activation of some mediators of the inflammatory response.Our patient used polysulfone dialysers after his operation, and his initial improvement was maintained.Monitoring the amyloid deposits throughout his spinal canal should show the effect of high flux dialysis on further deposition of amyloid.
Points from letters: Solitary pulmonary nodule
Authors: B Thalayasingham
Journal: BMJ (1976)

part-time consultant" is, if successful, always available to his patients and colleagues because the tradition of mixed medical practice has always meant availability as required, a true "whole-time doctor."I realise that I am perhaps over-emphasising the difference, but my reason for this is honourable and refers to a previous letter from my colleagues and myself (8 February, 1975, p 336).There is a difference between a profession and a trade.