tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow adipose tissue: Response to acute starvation
Authors: Ambika Bathija, Stephen Davis, Sidney Trubowitz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Adipose tissue is a major component of normal rabbit marrow. Its physiologic function has not been elucidated, but it is generally believed to be, essentially, a passive space filler. The response of marrow fat cells to lipolytic stimuli was studied by subjecting rabbits to acute starvation. Following 2 weeks of starvation and a weight loss of 28%, the mean marrow fat cell volume was 50.9 ± 9.6 pl (control, 42.8 ± 8.1 pl), and the mean volume of the perinephric fat cell 134.3 ± 87.8 picoliter (pl) (control, 318 ± 89.7 pl). Esterification capacity for labeled palmitate of the marrow fat cells did not change from control; the esterification capacity of the perinephric fat cells fell by about 60%. After 3 weeks of starvation and further weight loss to 34% of initial weight, the perinephric fat cells decreased their mean cell volume to 50.2 ± 33.6 pl. The marrow fat cell volume remained essentially unchanged from control. Esterification capacity of the marrow fat cells again did not differ from that of the control animals, but the esterification capacity of the perinephric fat cells fell further to 19% of that of the marrow fat cells. Despite the urgent energy requirements of the starved animals, the marrow fat cells did not yield their stored fat and continued to esterify free fatty acids at an unaltered rate. Drastic weight loss produced no change in volume, in esterification capacity, or in number of fat cells in the femoral marrow of the rabbit. Marrow adipocytes are metabolically active cells that are involved in the hematopoietic process rather than involved with the total energy needs of the animal.
Smallpox Vaccine For Herpes Zoster
Authors: Shih L. Chang
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Recently and accidentally, it came to my attention that practitioners sometimes use smallpox vaccine for prophylaxis against herpes zoster. I presume that the belief in such a use is based on the close relationship between herpes zoster and varicella (chickenpox). This practice could have resulted from an incomplete knowledge of the virology of chickenpox and smallpox.  It is the consensus of virologists that varicella virus and herpes zoster virus are identical, hence the V-Z virus, and that varicella is a generalized infection of the virus in individuals, mostly children, without specific immunity while herpes zoster is a localized clinical manifestation of the infection in those with incomplete immunity. It may be postulated that zoster represents a reactivation of the V-Z virus in dormancy, or reinvasion from without, of a partly immune person.  The V-Z virus belongs to the herpesvirus family of the cubical DNA virus class, which
Hiatus Hernia and Diverticulum of the Colon
Authors: Eung Ho Kim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE incidence of hiatus hernia, as reported by many authors, varies from 2.3 to 50 per cent. Boyd et al.1 reported a figure of 2.3 per cent in 1500 barium examinations, and Krothe2 one of 8 per cent. Hafter3 noted a frequency of 12.5 per cent in a large series of 2402 barium-meal examinations. In 1960 Stein and Finkelstein4 reported finding hernias in 50 per cent of 100 consecutive barium-meal examinations. These wide variations may be attributable in part to the technics used and in part to the criteria on which this diagnosis is based.Diverticulosis of the colon is . . .
Diagnosis and treatment of anticoagulant‐related adrenal hemorrhage
Authors: Kenneth C. Anderson, Francis P. Kuhajda, William R. Bell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Anticoagulant‐related adrenal hemorrhage, as a cause of adrenal insufficiency, is rarely suspected and diagnosed during life. We report three patients in whom prompt diagnosis allowed successful treatment with replacement doses of corticosteroids. In all three patients, a hypotensive episode preceded the signs and symptoms of acute adrenal insufficiency. The symptoms and signs of adrenal hemorrhage were nonspecific and variable, making clinical diagnosis difficult. In none of our patients was the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, or Lee White clotting time prolonged beyond the therapeutic range, and in none were excessive doses of anticoagulant therapy employed. Characteristic serum chemistry abnormalities, serum ACTH stimulation tests, and daily urinary collections for free cortisol, 17‐OH ketosteroids, and 17‐ketosteroids confirmed the clinical suspicion of primary adrenal insufficiency in all cases. Diagnosis was aided in one patient by abdominal computerized axial tomographic scan. In all patients, response to replacement doses of corticosteroids was prompt and gratifying, underlining the importance of suspecting this complication of anticoagulant therapy and instituting prompt lifesaving therapy. Adrenal hemorrhage is a complication of anticoagulant therapy that has been diagnosed during life in only 11 reported cases. We describe three patients in whom early diagnosis allowed prompt medical therapy and favorable outcome. The clinical presentation, diagnostic laboratory features, and therapeutic modalities are reviewed. Prolongation of prothrombin time, high levels of stress, and hypotension predispose to this complication in a patient maintained on anticoagulant therapy.
Deprivation and mortality in Scotland, 1981 and 1991
Authors: P. McLoone, F A Boddy
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To compare the mortality experience of Scottish postcode sectors characterised by socioeconomic census variables (Carstairs scores) in 1980-2 and 1990-2. <b>Methods</b>: Variables derived from the 1981 and 1991 censuses were combined according to the method devised by Carstairs and Morris*RF 6* to obtain Carstairs scores for 1010 postcode sectors in Scotland in 1981 and 1001 sectors in 1991. For most analyses, these scores were grouped into seven deprivation categories ranging from affluent (category 1) to deprived (category 7) localities. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Death rates and standardised mortality ratios for localities according to deprivation category. <b>Results</b>: Postcode sectors in Scotland that were categorised as deprived in 1981 were relatively more deprived at the time of the 1991 census; the mortality experience of deprived localities relative to either Scotland or affluent neighbourhoods worsened over this period, with a 162% difference between the most affluent and most deprived categories in 1991-2. Although the age and sex standardised mortality for ages 0-64 in Scotland declined by 22% during the 1980s, the reduction in the deprived categories was only about half that of the affluent groups. Increases in the death rate for men (29%) and women (11%) aged 20-29 in the deprived groups were largely attributable to an increase in the rates of suicide. Death rates from ischaemic heart disease and carcinoma of the lung and bronchus at ages 40-69 were lower in all deprivation categories in 1990-2, but the reduction was greater in more affluent areas; the difference in rates for these conditions between affluent and deprived groups therefore increased over the decade. The observed worsening of the standardised mortality ratio for Glasgow relative to Scotland could be explained on the basis of these mortality differentials and the concentration of deprived postcode sectors in Glasgow. <b>Conclusions</b>: Differences in mortality experience linked to relative poverty increased in the 10 years between 1981 and 1991 censuses. Although mortality for Scotland as a whole is improving, the picture is one of an increasing distinction between the experience of the majority and that of a substantial minority of the population.
Mitochondrial Genome Sequences Support Ancient Population Expansion in Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Somchai Jongwutiwes, Chaturong Putaporntip, Takuya Iwasaki, Marcelo U. Ferreira, Hiroji Kanbara, Austin L. Hughes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Examination of nucleotide diversity in 106 mitochondrial genomes of the most geographically widespread human malaria parasite, Plasmodium vivax, revealed a level of diversity similar to, but slightly higher than, that seen in the virulent human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The pairwise distribution of nucleotide differences among mitochondrial genome sequences supported the hypothesis that both these parasites underwent ancient population expansions. We estimated the age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the mitochondrial genomes of both P. vivax and P. falciparum at around 200,000-300,000 years ago. This is close to the previous estimates of the time of the human mitochondrial MRCA and the origin of modern Homo sapiens, consistent with the hypothesis that both these Plasmodium species were parasites of the hominid lineage before the origin of modern H. sapiens and that their population expansion coincided with the population expansion of their host.
Ultrasound guided central venous access
Authors: M. Muhm
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Central venous catheters are used for haemodynamic monitoring, giving vasopressors and cytotoxic drugs, sampling blood, and giving fluids and parenteral nutrition.1 The main access sites are the internal jugular and subclavian veins. Placing central venous lines entails risks. Rates of major and minor mechanical complication can be as high as 10%. They depend on the experience of the operator, the access site chosen, the condition of the patient, the presence of atypical vascular anatomy, the coagulation status of the patient, and previous catheterisations. Complications include puncturing an artery, nerve injury, pneumothorax, and incorrect positioning of the catheter. Failure to cannulate the vessel may occur in over 19% of patients.1 The standard technique for placing central venous catheters is by using anatomical landmarks.1 Since 1984 many authors have recommended ultrasound guidance to optimise the success rate of cannulations and minimise complications.2

Two devices are mainly used. Based on conventional two dimensional ultrasound imaging, portable lightweight battery operated real time devices have been developed that are especially designed for viewing the internal jugular vein and the carotid …
ON THE IDENTITY OF ADIPONECROSIS SUBCUTANEA NEONATORUM WITH SCLEREMA NEONATORUM.
Authors: A. M. H. GRAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article ON THE IDENTITY OF ADIPONECROSIS SUBCUTANEA NEONATORUM WITH SCLEREMA NEONATORUM. Get access A. M. H. GRAY A. M. H. GRAY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 12, 1 December 1933, Pages 498–506, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb10131.x Published: 01 December 1933
Dual Therapy Difficulties in Angiotensin Blockade for Proteinuria
Authors: Kenneth W. Hung, Judith Blaine, Sarah Faubel
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Appeal court will rule on children's heart surgery at London's Royal Brompton Hospital
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The legal battle by the Royal Brompton Hospital in London to stop the closure of its children’s heart surgery unit is heading for the Court of Appeal after the body recommending closure won the right to appeal against a High Court ruling that its consultation was unlawful.

Last November Mr Justice Owen quashed the consultation exercise by the NHS’s Joint Committee of Primary Care Trusts to review children’s cardiac surgery services, declaring that it was carried out so unfairly “as to lead to the conclusion that the process went radically wrong” ( BMJ …
Pulmonary Disease Following Respirator Therapy of Hyaline-Membrane Disease
Authors: William H. Northway, Robert C. Rosan, David Y. Porter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

ALTHOUGH hyaline-membrane disease, the respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn infant, has been the object of increased clinical and research interest in the past ten years, little attention has been paid to its possible sequelae.1 , 2 It is stated that most of these infants who survive the first three days of life will recover completely, and by seven to ten days of life will have normal lungs radiographically.3 , 4 Recent experience with critically ill infants at the Stanford Premature Infant Research Center demonstrates that intensive therapy may modify the acute syndrome so as to permit the development of a previously unrecorded abnormality of . . .
Liver GLUT-1 expression: An enigma deepens Bilir BM, Gong TWL, Kwasiborski V, Shen CS, Fillmore CS, Berkowitz CM, Gumucio JJ. Novel control of the position-dependent expression of genes in hepatocytes: the GLUT-1 transporter. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 19776–19784
Authors: D Rhoads
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
COMPARISON OF THE UPDATED 2010 APPROPRIATE USE CRITERIA FOR ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY TO THE ORIGINAL CRITERIA FOR TRANSTHORACIC, TRANSESOPHAGEAL, AND STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Ibrahim N. Mansour, Rabia R. Razi, Nicole M. Bhave, Roberto M. Lang, R. Parker Ward
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Thyroid suppression test with serum thyroxine concentration as index of suppression
Authors: E. S. Williams, R. P. Ekins, S. M. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A thyroid suppression test is suggested which relies on the change in concentration of serum thyroxine as the index of thyroid response to the administration of triiodothyronine. The test has been carried out in 16 healthy volunteers and in 27 patients referred for routine suppression tests. This index appears to be sensitive and safe and results in a reduction in the required dosage of triiodothyronine. The test can be carried out in fewer patient-visits than the commonly used suppression test; moreover, in remote areas the patient need not attend the specialist centre because the course of triiodothyronine can be given (and the serum samples obtained) locally, the samples then being sent to the appropriate laboratory for assay.
Severity of β‐thalassemia due to genotypes involving the IVS‐I‐6 (T→C) mutation
Authors: John S. Waye, Barry Eng, Margaret Patterson, Parveen Wasi, David H. K. Chui, William H. Francombe, Graham D. Sher, Nancy F. Olivieri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Among individuals of Mediterranean or Middle Eastern descent, the IVS-I-6 (T-->C) mutation is one of the most common causes of beta-thalassemia. In this report, we describe the clinical phenotypes of a group of beta-thalassemia patients who are compound heterozygotes for the relatively mild IVS-I-6 (T-->C) beta-thalassemia mutation and more severe beta(+)- or beta (0)-thalassemia mutations. Although most of these patients are transfusion-dependent, the requirement for regular transfusions generally occurred late in childhood. A correlation between concomitant alpha-thalassemia and a mild transfusion-independent phenotype is not apparent, indicating the involvement of other ameliorating determinants.
ACUTE NON-SYPHILITIC CHOROIDITIS IN YOUNG ADULTS.
Authors: HIRAM WOODS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It has frequently been noted that of all eye structures the uvea is most apt to show systematic disease. The iritis, cyclitis and choroiditis of syphilis and rheumatism are matters of daily observation. The liability of the iris to become inflamed, in gouty subjects, after such slight trauma as simple cataract extraction, makes one chary in pressing operation upon such persons. The choroid is the favorite place for ocular tuberculosis. Metastatic infection from sepsis, typhus, typhoid and, more rarely, remittent fevers, from cerebro-spinal meningitis, most commonly appear in the choroid. Now and then one reads of functional disturbances in the iris or ciliary structures, attributed to digestive or sexual disorders. Again, it is from primary choroidal growths that metastasis is most apt to result. When one examines treatises upon diseases of the eye for the etiology of choroiditis, he finds comparatively little. As a rule, after a more or less
Persistent Behaviour and Electroencephalographic Changes after Single Doses of Nitrazepam and Amylobarbitone Sodium
Authors: A. Malpas, A. J. Rowan, C. R. B. Joyce, D. F. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In a double-blind cross-over trial the effects of nitrazepam (5 and 10 mg.), amylobarbitone sodium (100 and 200 mg.), and placebo were compared in normal healthy young people. Though they reported a good night9s sleep and adjudged themselves to be alert after all four drug treatments, behavioural tests showed their performance to be significantly impaired 13 hours after treatment with nitrazepam or amylobarbitone, and E.E.G. records showed more drowsiness and light sleep 18 hours after treatment with nitrazepam than with amylobarbitone or placebo. E.E.G. fast activity was more plentiful after drugs in either dosage than with placebo.
Measles and rubella immunisation
Authors: T. Willis
Journal: BMJ (1995)

does not have an official policy on vaccination but considers it important that concerned parents should have access to full information on efficacy and adverse effects so that they can make an informed decision.A detailed search of the many papers published on this subject yields many short term studies but few comparing vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations over the longer term, such as that reported by Odent et al.2The society receives many requests for information on vaccination from members of the public.The article by Moskowitz, an American paediatrician, cited by Simpson and colleagues is one of several listed in a leaflet published recently by the society in response to these requests.3Among others
Limits to Thymidylate Synthase and <i>TP53</i> Genes as Predictive Determinants for Fluoropyrimidine Sensitivity and Further Evidence for RNA-Based Toxicity as a Major Influence
Authors: Jonathan R. Brody, Tomas Hucl, Christina L. Costantino, James R. Eshleman, Eike Gallmeier, Heng Zhu, Michiel S. van der Heijden, Jordan M. Winter, Agnieszka K. Wikiewicz, Charles J. Yeo, Scott E. Kern
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The major determinants of 5-flurouracil (5-FU) response would seem, based on accumulated literature, to be thymidylate synthase (TYMS, TS) expression levels, TS gene modifications, and TP53 status. We tested 5-FU sensitivity in yeast and human cancer cell models in which TS or TP53 alleles and expression were varied. Polymorphic TS tandem repeat status, TS expression levels reported, TS intragenic mutations, and TP53 status in outbred and experimental cancer cell lines did not predict 5-FU sensitivity or resistance. Novel observations included a dose-resistant persistence of unbound TS protein in many cancers and, upon 5-FU treatment of the colon cancer cell line, HCT116, evidence of allelic switching favoring transcripts of the mutant TS allele. The reported alleles having an intragenic mutation could not be causally associated with major degrees of 5-FU sensitivity. In yeast, TS protein was altered upon treatment with FdUMP, but 5-FU toxicity seemed to be largely RNA-based, being rescued by uridine rather than by thymidine. Cancer cell lines were also rescued from 5-FU toxicity with uridine rather than thymidine. Additionally, a TS (CDC21) knockout yeast strain, obviating any potential role for TS protein as a target, was hypersensitive to 5-FU. When denatured proteins from cancer cells treated with radiolabeled 5-FU were labeled, species with alternative molecular weights other than TS were visualized, providing further evidence for alternative 5-FU protein targets. These data emphasize that TS and TP53 status do not consistently explain the variance in responses of fluoropyrimidine-treated cancer cells, in part due to RNA-based toxicity.
PRESENT STATUS OF THE TOXEMIAS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: JOHN OSBORN POLAK
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The types of toxemia to be considered in this discussion are hyperemesis, the preeclamptic toxemias and eclampsia.  Until recently, the etiology of the excessive vomiting of pregnancy has been a question of great dispute. At present all clinical evidence tends to substantiate the theory that hyperemesis is the result of a vicious cycle beginning with a carbohydrate deficiency, as suggested by Duncan, Harding and Titus, and that the pathologic changes found in the liver, kidneys and blood are the result of starvation and dehydration. That pernicious vomiting is a serious complication of pregnancy is evidenced by the fact that it has a mortality of more than 20 per cent.  These investigators (Watson, Harding and Titus) group the underlying factors under three headings:  1. The metabolic factor with its carbohydrate deficiency during pregnancy. This is shown in the glycogenic disturbance in the maternal liver, and, according to Harding, expresses itself in
Virus-Induced Asthma Attacks
Authors: David B. Jacoby
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Viral respiratory tract infections are a common cause of asthma attacks. Study of this phenomenon has revealed multiple mechanisms and contributed to understanding of the increase in airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction observed in this context. Changes in the neural control of the airways contribute to bronchoconstriction, which is reflected in an increased efficacy of anticholinergic medications during acute asthma attacks. The ability to prevent or treat viral respiratory tract infections is currently limited. However, as more effective antiviral treatments and vaccines become available, such therapies are likely to be effective in patients with asthma. Clinical management of this problem is illustrated in this article by the case of a 40-year-old woman with history of mild asthma who was admitted to an intensive care unit with severe bronchospasm and an upper respiratory tract infection.
STUDIES ON COMPLEMENT FIXATION IN TUBERCULOSIS. III
Authors: Paul A. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The prolonged extraction of the tubercle bacillus with boiling ethyl alcohol, followed by one or more reprecipitations by chilling the hot alcoholic solution, easily yields a preparation very active as antigen in the complement fixation reaction. This preparation gives a precipitation reaction with high dilution of the normal blood serum of a number of species. The precipitation reaction presents as a peculiar feature a very long pro-zone and is further dependent on a preceding heat treatment of the serum for its demonstration. Occurring as a reaction of normal serum, the reaction is apparently not influenced by immunization sufficient to develop moderate specific complement fixation reactions.