tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression of systolic and diastolic myocardial reserve during atrial pacing tachycardia in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: M D Feldman, J D Alderman, J M Aroesty, H D Royal, J J Ferguson, R M Owen, W Grossman, R G McKay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Previous reports have shown that increases in heart rate may result in enhanced left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic performance. To assess whether this phenomenon occurs in the presence of depressed LV function, the effects of pacing on LV pressure and volume were compared in seven patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (LV ejection fraction 0.19 +/- 0.11) and six patients with no or minimal coronary artery disease (LV ejection fraction 0.69 +/- 0.11). Patients with normal LV function demonstrated significant increases in LV peak-positive dP/dt, LV end-systolic pressure-volume ratio, LV peak filling rate, and a progressive leftward and downward shift of their pressure-volume diagrams, compatible with increased contractility and distensibility in response to pacing tachycardia. There was no change in LV peak-negative dP/dt or tau. Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, in contrast, demonstrated no increase in either LV peak-positive dP/dt or the end-systolic pressure-volume ratio, and absence of a progressive leftward shift of their pressure-volume diagrams. Moreover, cardiomyopathy patients demonstrated no increase in LV peak-negative dP/dt or LV peak filling rate and a blunted downward shift of the diastolic limb of their pressure-volume diagrams. Tau, as determined from a derivative method, became abbreviated although never reaching control values. We conclude that patients with dilated cardiomyopathy may demonstrate little or no significant enhancement in systolic and diastolic function during atrial pacing tachycardia, suggesting a depression of both inotropic and lusitropic reserve.
Enhanced Skin Adhesive Patch with Modulus‐Tunable Composite Micropillars
Authors: Won Gyu Bae, Doogon Kim, Moon Kyu Kwak, Laura Ha, Seong Min Kang, Kahp Y. Suh
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Modulus-tunable composite micropillars are presented by combining replica molding and selective inking for skin adhesive patch in "ubiquitous"-health diagnostic devices. Inspired from hierarchical hairs in the gecko's toe pad, a simple method is presented to form composite polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillars that are highly adhesive (∼1.8 N cm−2) and mechanically robust (∼30 cycles).
E2F1-Mediated <i>FOS</i> Induction in Arsenic Trioxide–Induced Cellular Transformation: Effects of Global H3K9 Hypoacetylation and Promoter-Specific Hyperacetylation <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Sunniyat Rahman, Zjwan Housein, Aleksandra Dabrowska, Maria Dolores Mayán, Alan R. Boobis, Nabil Hajji
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Background: Aberrant histone acetylation has been observed in carcinogenesis and cellular transformation associated with arsenic exposure; however, the molecular mechanisms and cellular outcomes of such changes are poorly understood.Objective: We investigated the impact of tolerated and toxic arsenic trioxide (As2O3) exposure in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) and urothelial (UROtsa) cells to characterize the alterations in histone acetylation and gene expression as well as the implications for cellular transformation.Methods: Tolerated and toxic exposures of As2O3 were identified by measurement of cell death, mitochondrial function, cellular proliferation, and anchorage-independent growth. Histone extraction, the MNase sensitivity assay, and immunoblotting were used to assess global histone acetylation levels, and gene promoter-specific interactions were measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.Results: Tolerated and toxic dosages, respectively, were defined as 0.5 μM and 2.5 μM As2O3 in HEK293T cells and 1 μM and 5 μM As2O3 in UROtsa cells. Global hypoacetylation of H3K9 at 72 hr was observed in UROtsa cells following tolerated and toxic exposure. In both cell lines, tolerated exposure alone led to H3K9 hyperacetylation and E2F1 binding at the FOS promoter, which remained elevated after 72 hr, contrary to global H3K9 hypoacetylation. Thus, promoter-specific H3K9 acetylation is a better predictor of cellular transformation than are global histone acetylation patterns. Tolerated exposure resulted in an increased expression of the proto-oncogenes FOS and JUN in both cell lines at 72 hr.Conclusion: Global H3K9 hypoacetylation and promoter-specific hyperacetylation facilitate E2F1-mediated FOS induction in As2O3-induced cellular transformation.Citation: Rahman S, Housein Z, Dabrowska A, Mayán MD, Boobis AR, Hajji N. 2015. E2F1-mediated FOS induction in arsenic trioxide–induced cellular transformation: effects of global H3K9 hypoacetylation and promoter-specific hyperacetylation in vitro. Environ Health Perspect 123:484–492; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408302
MRI assessment of blood outgrowth endothelial cell homing using cationic magnetoliposomes
Authors: Stefaan J. Soenen, Simon F. De Meyer, Tom Dresselaers, Greetje Vande Velde, Inge M. Pareyn, Kevin Braeckmans, Marcel De Cuyper, Uwe Himmelreich, Karen I. Vanhoorelbeke
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
TWENTY-FOUR-HOUR IN-HOSPITAL INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY TEAM AND IMPACT ON DOOR-TO-BALLOON TIMES: SURPASSING THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY DOOR-TO-BALLOON ALLIANCE BENCHMARK
Authors: M. Fuad Jan, Anthony C. DeFranco, Naoyo Mori, Angela Schlemm, Anjan Gupta, Suhail Allaqaband, Tanvir Bajwa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Carcinoma of the Nose
Authors: E. D. D. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The kinetics of propranolol enantiomers are stereoselective when high doses of the racemic drug are given po. To document whether the dose and/or the route of administration determines the stereoselective kinetics of propranolol enantiomers, conscious rabbits received 40, 80, or 120 mg/kg po or 0.5 or 10 mg/kg iv doses of racemic propranolol, and serial blood samples were obtained to assay propranolol enantiomers. At low po and iv doses, the kinetics of the propranolol enantiomers were identical. After the 120 mg/kg po dose, the kinetics of the enantiomers were stereoselective, <i>i.e.</i> the AUC<sub>0→∞</sub> for (<i>S</i>)-(−)-propranolol was greater than the AUC<sub>0→∞</sub> for (<i>R</i>)-(+)-propranolol (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The iv injection of 10 mg/kg generated zero-order kinetics, and (<i>S</i>)-(−)-propranolol was eliminated faster than the antipode. Propranolol enantiomer plasma protein binding was not stereoselective. <i>In vitro</i>, after the incubation of 5.8 or 58 μM (<i>RS</i>)-propranolol with cells of the intestinal mucosa or the liver, (<i>R</i>)-(+)-propranolol was more rapidly metabolized than (<i>S</i>)-(−)-propranolol at both concentrations in the intestine and at the higher concentration in the liver. Incubation of the individual enantiomers (2.9 and 29 μM) showed that in the intestine the intrinsic clearance of (<i>R</i>)-(+)-propranolol was greater than that of (<i>S</i>)-(−)-propranolol but in the liver there was preferential saturation of (<i>S</i>)-(−)-propranolol clearance. In conclusion, at low po or iv doses the kinetics of (<i>RS</i>)-propranolol are not stereoselective because the liver overshadows the effect of the intestine, and at high po doses the kinetics of propranolol enantiomers are stereoselective because of hepatic saturation of (<i>S</i>)-(−)-propranolol clearance.
Effect of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion on Myocardial Infarction following Experimental Coronary Artery Occlusion
Authors: P. R. MAROKO, P. LIBBY, B. E. SOBEL, C. M. BLOOR, H. D. SYBERS, W. E. SHELL, J. W. COVELL, E. BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The effects of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion and glucose (G) infusion started 30 min after experimental coronary occlusion and the combination of GIK and propranolol (P) started 3 hours after coronary occlusion on the development of myocardial infarction were studied in 37 dogs. Fifteen minutes after the coronary occlusion, epicardial electrocardiograms were recorded at 10-15 sites; 24 hours later transmural specimens were obtained from the same sites for determination of myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and the evaluation of morphologic changes. In the control group (normal saline infusion) the relationship between S-T-segment elevation (mv) 15 min after occlusion and CPK activity (IU/mg of protein) 24 hours later was: log CPK = –0.064 S-T + 1.24; r = 0.81. In the GIK group, the infusion was begun 15 min following epicardial mapping, and sites with the same S-T-segment elevations showed less CPK depression than did the control group: log CPK = –0.022 S-T + 1.25. The G group also showed less CPK depletion than the control group but to a somewhat lesser extent than the GIK group (log CPK = –0.030 S-T + 1.20). The group receiving GIK and P 3 hours after occlusion also showed less CPK depression than did the control group (log CPK = –0.034 S-T + 1.26). Histologic analysis in 24-hour specimens showed that sites which exhibited S-T-segment elevation 15 min after occlusion showed normal histology in 3% of specimens obtained from control dogs, while the other 97% showed early signs of myocardial infarction. However, in the GIK group, 36% of the specimens with S-T-segment elevation prior to the infusion were histologically normal 24 hours later, while in the G group 30% were normal, and in the GIK and P group 17% were normal. Electron microscopy confirmed the morphologic changes observed by light microscopy. Thus, in the presence of experimental coronary occlusion, GIK exerts a protective effect against myocardial ischemia and reduces the extent of myocardial necrosis. G alone acts similarly but to a lesser degree, while a beneficial effect can also be demonstrated when GIK and P are started 3 hours after the onset of coronary occlusion.
Coexistence of Single Ventricle with Atresia of One Atrioventricular Orifice
Authors: MANUEL QUERO
Journal: Circulation (1972)

A new case of an unusual association of mitral atresia with single left ventricle is reported. The salient anatomic features include: (1) the right atrioventricular valve is atretic; (2) the left atrioventricular valve enters the large ventricle with morphologic characteristics of the left ventricle; and (3) this large ventricle communicates by way of an interventricular communication with a smaller left-sided ventricle, but with the morphologic characteristics of the right ventricle. Guidelines for the recognition of these uncommon malformations are given.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma mimicking pulmonary embolism.
Authors: T J Sleyster, F M Heystraten
Journal: Thorax (1988)

The effects of three prostaglandins on the output of 35S labelled mucus glycoproteins (mucins), from explants of human bronchial tissue suspended in Ussing chambers, have been investigated. Prostaglandin F2 alpha, added to the Krebs-Henseleit solution bathing both luminal and submucosal sides of the tissue, significantly increased mucin output at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 micrograms/ml (0.28 and 2.8 microM), 11 preparations being used for each dose. Since prostaglandin F2 alpha has been shown to be released from human airways challenged by antigen, it may be important in the regulation of mucus secretion in these circumstances. Prostaglandins E1 and E2 had no significant effects on mucin output even at the highest concentration (1.0 micrograms/ml), though in half the tissues tested PGE2 stimulated secretion consistently. These results contrast with the findings in a previous study, which showed an inhibition of mucin output by PGE2.
Patients might be encouraged to become more ill in community psychiatry
Authors: T Webb
Journal: BMJ (1996)

ently high incidence of backache before preg- nancy detected by Loughnan and colleagues serves to emphasise the difficulty of studying new postpartum backache.We believe, however, that backache during pregnancy is a potentially more important factor.We agree that it is vital to take account of potentially confounding variables.The best way to do this is to carry out a multivariate analysis such as the logistic regression we performed.Unfortunately, randomisation will not overcome the problem that many women attribute backache to pregnancy, childbirth, or epidural analgesia; rather, it may compound the problem if women receive a treatment they did not directly choose.
Traditional Risk Factors and the Incidence of Sudden Coronary Death With and Without Coronary Thrombosis in Blacks
Authors: Allen P. Burke, Andrew Farb, Joseph Pestaner, Gray T. Malcom, Arthur Zieske, Robert Kutys, John Smialek, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Blacks have a high rate of sudden coronary death (SCD). We determined the rate of SCD in men and women 30 to 69 years of age in a 6-year period recorded at a state Medical Examiner’s Office. Methods and Results — In a subset of 327 whites and 130 blacks, hearts were systematically studied to determine the extent of coronary disease, presence and type of thrombus (acute rupture, acute erosion, stable plaque), and heart weight. These parameters were correlated with the presence of conventional risk factors. The estimated rate of SCD in blacks was similar to that in whites under the age of 40 years but increased compared with whites with advancing age, becoming 1.5 times the rate for whites in the 7th decade (95% of the increase in the 6th decade was due to sudden death with stable plaque). Among the autopsied group with severe coronary atherosclerosis, HDL cholesterol was higher and hypertension more prevalent in blacks, but there was no difference in the prevalence of healed infarcts, plaque burden, heart weight, acute thrombi, or rates of diabetes, cigarette smoking, and total cholesterol. Conclusions — When compared with a control autopsy group of 568 deaths, multivariate analysis showed a significant association in blacks between stable plaque and left ventricular hypertrophy (risk ratio, 7.6), type 1 diabetes (risk ratio, 3.6), hypertension (risk ratio, 3.5), elevated total cholesterol (risk ratio, 3.1) and type 2 diabetes (risk ratio, 2.9). Because these risk factors are associated with SCD in blacks, they may be important targets for reducing the disparately high rate of SCD in blacks as compared with whites.
Serum Cholesterol and mTOR Inhibitors: Surrogate Biomarker or Epiphenomenon?
Authors: Daniel C. Cho, Michael B. Atkins
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Lee and colleagues report that increase in serum cholesterol is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with temsirolimus. Although these findings must be validated prospectively, it should also be determined if this marker is a true mechanism-based toxicity or an epiphenomenon associated with therapy.
Serine Protease Inhibitor 6 Protects Cytotoxic T Cells from Self-Inflicted Injury by Ensuring the Integrity of Cytotoxic Granules
Authors: Manling Zhang, Sun-Mi Park, Yue Wang, Ramila Shah, Ni Liu, Andrea E. Murmann, Chyung-Ru Wang, Marcus E. Peter, Philip G. Ashton-Rickardt
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Completion rate and diagnostic yield of small-bowel capsule endoscopy: 1 vs. 2 frames per second
Authors: Z. Liao, C. Xu, Z.-S. Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de Z. Liao et al., pp. 360Endoscopy 2010; 42(05): 433-433DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291853
Tumorigenic effect of fibrous dust in experimental animals
Authors: F. Pott, F. Huth, K. H. Friedrichs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Fibrous dusts (chrysotile, glass fibers, nemalite, palygorscite, and gypsum) and granular dusts (actinolite, biotite, hematite, pectolite, sanidine, and talcum) were injected intraperitoneally into rats. The fibrous dusts (other than gypsum) resulted in a high incidence of mesothelioma (30 – 67%). Gypsum produced only 5% and granular dusts none at all. It is suggested that the fibrous shape leads to a high multiplication rate of cells and predisposes to tumor formation. Fibrosis, in the other hand, does not so predispose. Milled chrysotile with 99.8% fibers than 5 μm in length are carcinogenic in our experience. The carcinogenicity of glass fibers in our experiments may have significance for occupational situations.
Bone Scintigraphy Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy in Biliary Atresia
Authors: JOHN R. STY, JULIE KRECAK, DAVID C. GREGG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is uncommon in pediatrics. Its occurrence in a 10-year-old female with biliary atresia and prior Kasai procedure is reported. The patient presented with what clinically appeared to be systemic arthritis. A bone scan was obtained and demonstrated the typical findings of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (Fig. 1). Table 1 lists the etiologies of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
Madness and care in the community: a medieval perspective
Authors: D Roffe, C Roffe
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Care in the community for insane people today is more a matter of expert provision than communal support. In consequence, although they are no longer confined to hospital, mentally ill people largely remain marginalised in a society that does not have the resources, nor often the inclination, to take responsibility for their care. The experience of insane people in medieval England seems to have been of a different order, as shown by a particularly well documented case dating from 1383. From the late 13th century congenital idiots were protected by law. Care of lunatics, by contrast, was primarily the responsibility of the family. However, where the family could not or was unwilling to provide, provision was made by the crown. Through the instrument of the inquisition, the diagnosis and social circumstances of each case were determined by commissioners in consultation with a local jury and all interested parties, including the subject himself or herself. The best interests of the subject remained a prime concern, and the settlement that was ordained was tried and enforced in law. The process was confined to those with real or personal estate, but it encompassed poor as well as rich and proved, through the close identity of the local community with the process, to be a sophisticated and effective mechanism for maintaining and sustaining insane people. Unlike today, care in the community was a communal activity that ensured a truly public provision for those who could not look after themselves.
ATTEMPTED SUICIDE IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: JACOB TUCKMAN, HELEN E. CONNON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Two important findings emerge from this study of 100 children and adolescents who attempted suicide. The first is the association between attempted suicide and family disorganization. This has been demonstrated for adults by Batchelor and Napier who reported broken homes (deprivation in childhood of a normal life with parents) in 58% of 200 consecutive cases of attempted suicide admitted to a general hospital(1). Although the cases ranged in age from 15 to 83, only 6 were under 20. The second finding is the association between attempted suicide and delinquency, each representing acting-out behavior, not stemming from mental illness, in an attempt to control the social environment. The interrelatedness of attempted suicide, family disorganization, and delinquency is in line with the finding of investigators who have shown that family disorganization, with the concomitant factor of emotional deprivation in the formative years, gives rise to a host of problems which take different forms, e. g., mental illness, morbidity, delinquency, and crime. Prediction of the specific form that the deviant behavior will take is most difficult since it depends upon the identification and understanding of the factors that contribute to the child's personality and behavior. Such factors include the behavior of the parents, their attitudes and values, the practices employed in the rearing of children, the nature of the parent-child relationship, and many other personal and social characteristics.
Somatostatin: still a pharmaceutical defense weapon against post-ERCP pancreatitis? A 30-year story
Authors: Pier Testoni
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

The question of whether post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) can be prevented by drugs is a story that dates back to 1984 [1], and is still going strong, with conflicting and mostly unsatisfactory results. During these 30 years, many drugs have been tested, with mechanisms of action that, theoretically or in animal studies, include inhibition of the exocrine pancreatic secretion or reduction of the enzyme content in the gland, prevention of the activation of intrapancreatic enzymes, control of the inflammatory reaction cascade, or reduction of sphincter of Oddi post-procedure hypertension. However, studies in which a particular drug demonstrated efficacy in preventing PEP at a given dosage and/or route of administration have rarely been followed by confirmatory trials, with similar designs, on larger series of patients. As a consequence, most endoscopists in the ERCP field believe that expertise and technique, including post-procedure pancreatic stenting, more than pharmacological prophylaxis, play a major role in preventing the complication.
Simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, lowers cholesterol saturation index of gallbladder bile
Authors: William C. Duane, Donald B. Hunninghake, Martin L. Freeman, Pete A. Pooler, Linda A. Schlasner, Roger L. Gebhard
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

We tested the possibility that simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase related to mevinolin, might alter cholesterol saturation of gallbladder bile. Ten patients with Type IIa or IIb hypercholesterolemia underwent bile sampling before, and again after, treatment with 20 or 40 mg per day simvastatin for 7 to 13 weeks. Mean cholesterol saturation index of gallbladder bile fell from 1.01 to 0.77 during simvastatin treatment (p &lt; 0.01). This finding strongly suggests that treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors will not predispose to development of cholesterol gallstones. Indeed, it raises the possibility that such inhibitors might have a future role to play in treatment of gallstones.
Aquaporins in Clinical Medicine
Authors: A.S. Verkman
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2011)

The aquaporins are a family of membrane water channels, some of which also transport glycerol. They are involved in a wide range of physiological functions (including water/salt homeostasis, exocrine fluid secretion, and epidermal hydration) and human diseases (including glaucoma, cancer, epilepsy, and obesity). At the cellular level, aquaporin-mediated osmotic water transport across cell plasma membranes facilitates transepithelial fluid transport, cell migration, and neuroexcitation; aquaporin-mediated glycerol transport regulates cell proliferation, adipocyte metabolism, and epidermal water retention. Genetic diseases caused by loss-of-function mutations in aquaporins include nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and congenital cataracts. The neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease neuromyelitis optica is marked by pathogenic autoantibodies against astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4. There remain broad opportunities for the development of aquaporin-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Disease-relevant aquaporin polymorphisms are beginning to be explored. There is great promise in the development of small-molecule aquaporin modulators for therapy of some types of refractory edema, brain swelling, neuroinflammation, glaucoma, epilepsy, cancer, pain, and obesity.