tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mucous membrane pemphigoid: HLA-DQB1*0301 is associated with all clinical sites of involvement and may be linked to antibasement membrane IgG production
Authors: J. Setterfield, J. Theron, R.W. Vaughan, K.I. Welsh, E. Mallon, F. Wojnarowska, S.J. Challacombe, M.M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Class I human leucocyte antigens (HLA) -A, -B, -Cw and class II HLA-DRB1, -DQB1 alleles were determined in 131 British Caucasian patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) using serological and DNA-based methods.To analyse the class I and II alleles expressed in well-defined clinical and immunopathological subgroups of MMP, in order to establish whether specific alleles or haplotypes might in part explain disease susceptibility, clinical sites of involvement or disease severity.Subgroups of patients were analysed according to the following clinical criteria: age of onset, sex, sites of clinical involvement (oral, ocular, skin, nasal, genital, pharyngeal, oesophageal, laryngeal, perianal), disease severity and history of autoimmune disease. Subgroups were also analysed according to the following immunopathological criteria: autoantibody profile, the presence of circulating antibasement membrane IgG or IgA antibodies and the detection of target basement membrane zone (BMZ) antigens (BP230 and BP180) by IgG autoantibodies.Class I HLA typing showed no significant disease or subgroup associations. Class II DRB1 typing showed a significantly increased allelic frequency in MMP vs. controls for DRB1*11 (RR = 2.08, Pc < 0.0000056). For DQB1, MMP vs. controls, there was a significantly increased allelic frequency for DQB1*0301 (Pc < 0.00000028) in both males and females; all clinical sites of involvement, with the exception of laryngeal, oesophageal and perianal sites and in patients with detectable circulating anti-BMZ IgG compared with those negative for IgG (P < 0.0096, Pc < 0.019). A positive trend was noted in patients with ocular involvement compared with no ocular involvement and in patients with a clinical score > or = 10 compared with < 10. We found no difference in DQB1*0301 allele frequency between subgroups with or without BP180 or BP230 target antigens. Haplotype frequencies showed an increase in DRB1*04, DQB1*0301 (Pc < 0.000066) and DRB1*11, DQB1*0301 (Pc < 0.000002) among patients compared with controls.The DQB1*0301 allele confers a predisposition to all subgroups of MMP and may have a role in T-cell recognition of basement membrane antigens, resulting in the production of anti-BMZ IgG autoantibodies. The positive trend between increased allelic expression of DQB1*0301 in patients with ocular disease and in those with a higher clinical score, further suggests a role for this allele in disease severity.
Rapid Bedside Differentiation of Ruptured Interventricular Septum from Acute Mitral Insufficiency
Authors: Steven G. Meister, Richard H. Helfant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

THE sudden appearance during the course of acute myocardial infarction of a loud systolic murmur in association with rapid onset of pulmonary congestion or systemic hypotension (or both) is almost always due to either rupture of the interventricular septum (RIVS) or acute massive mitral regurgitation (ARM)1 resulting from severe dysfunction or rupture of a papillary muscle.2 , 3 Early emergency surgery for both RIVS and AMR is now feasible4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 and indeed may be the only alternative when the patient's condition is deteriorating despite maximum medical therapy. Although certain clinical features – for example the presence or absence of a precordial thrill or . . .
Fatal Pulmonary Hemorrhage After Use of the Flow-Directed Balloon-Tipped Catheter
Authors: L. A. PAPE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter is extensively used in intensive care units, catheterization laboratories, operating rooms, and emergency wards. Major complications associated with its use have not been frequently reported. In a recent 2-year period in four hospitals, we identified five cases of fatal pulmonary hemorrhage resulting from balloon-tipped catheters. We review here four additional cases previously cited in the literature and discuss possible mechanisms and predisposing factors associated with this complication and guidelines for safe use of these catheters. Pulmonary artery rupture is probably commoner than previously reported.
Portal uptake function in veno-occlusive regions evaluated by real-time fluorescent imaging using indocyanine green
Authors: Yoshikuni Kawaguchi, Takeaki Ishizawa, Yoichi Miyata, Suguru Yamashita, Koichi Masuda, Shouichi Satou, Sumihito Tamura, Junichi Kaneko, Yoshihiro Sakamoto, Taku Aoki, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Yasuhiko Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Mycophenolate mofetil in IgA nephropathy: Results of a 3-year prospective placebo-controlled randomized study
Authors: Bart D. Maes, Raymond Oyen, Kathleen Claes, Pieter Evenepoel, Dirk Kuypers, Johan Vanwalleghem, Boudewijn Van Damme, Yves F. Ch Vanrenterghem
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension in a Child
Authors: B. N. SATYANARAYANA RAO, JAMES H. MOLLER, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Clinical, pharmacologic, and pathologic findings presented are those in a 12-year-old boy with primary pulmonary hypertension associated with medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary muscular arteries and arterioles. Intrapulmonary arterial administration of acetylcholine, tolazoline (Priscoline), or isoproterenol resulted in a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure. Perforation of the right ventricle by an indwelling catheter terminated studies on the results of long-term intrapulmonary arterial administration of drugs shown to be effective.
Elevated Interleukin-6 and G-CSF in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Conditioned Medium Suppress Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Activation
Authors: Uddalak Bharadwaj, Min Li, Rongxin Zhang, Changyi Chen, Qizhi Yao
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Although dendritic cell (DC) function is impaired in pancreatic cancer patients, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study analyzed the soluble factors released by pancreatic cancer cells responsible for inhibiting DC differentiation and activation. Medium conditioned by a highly metastatic human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 [BxPC-3 conditioned medium (BxCM)] was mainly used for the study. Both CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell–derived and CD14+ monocyte-derived immature DCs and mature DCs (mDCs) were inhibited by BxCM. Allostimulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by BxCM-treated mDCs was inefficient and resulted in production of lower levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Antigen-specific T-cell activation capability was also reduced in BxCM-treated mDCs. Addition of exogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which were present in high amounts in BxCM, mimicked the inhibitory effect of BxCM on DC differentiation and maturation. IL-6 was able to suppress DC differentiation and G-CSF mainly acted on the suppressing allostimulatory capacity of DCs. In addition, pancreatic cancer patient sera were able to inhibit DC differentiation of CD14+ monocytes obtained from healthy donors. Depleting IL-6 or G-CSF from BxCM could reverse the DC-inhibitory properties of BxCM. Furthermore, BxCM, IL-6, or G-CSF led to the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in CD14+ monocytes to different degrees. Blocking BxCM-induced STAT3 activation also reversed the inhibitory effect of BxCM on DC differentiation. Therefore, IL-6 and G-CSF in BxCM represent two main factors responsible for suppression of DC differentiation, maturation, and antigen presentation, and this suppression of DC functions may be due to the aberrant activation of STAT3 by BxCM. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5479–88]
Elemental balances during intravenous hyperalimentation of underweight adult subjects.
Authors: D Rudman, W J Millikan, T J Richardson, T J Bixler, J Stackhouse, W C McGarrity
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Intravenous hyperalimentation was done in 11 underweight adults whose body weight (body wt) was less than 85 percent of ideal. For the first 6 days, "complete formula" was infused furnishing per kilogram ideal body wt per day: 15 g glucose, 0.40 g N, 0.018 g P, 2.4 meq K, 3.0 meq Na, 2.3 meq C1, 0.5 meq Mg, 0.45 meq Ca, and 50 ml H20. Patients gained weight at an average rate of 9.0 g/kg ideal body wt/day and showed average balances/kilogram ideal body wt/day as follows: plus 0.14 g N; plus 0.012 g P; plus 0.43 meq K; plus 0.49 meq Na; plus 0.37 meq Cl; and plus 0.085 meq Ca. Application of standard equations to the elemental balances indicated weight gain consisted of 35-50 percent protoplasm, 35-50 percent extracellular fluid, 5-25 percent adipose tissus, and less than 1 percent bone. Withdrawas of N, P, Na, or K impaired or abolished retention of other elements. Removal of N halted retention P, K, Na and C1; withdrawal of K stopped retention of N and P; and removal of Na or P interrupted retention of all other elements. Weight gain continued at a rate of 1.4-3.1 g/kg ideal body wt/day despite zero or negative elemental balances of N, K, P, and sometimes Na and C1. Calculations showed that weight gain during infusion of fluids lacking N, P, K, or Na consisted largely of adipose tissue, with little or no contribution by protoplasm or extracellular fluid. Data show that repletion of protoplasm and extracellular fluid of wasted adults by intravenous hyperalimentation is retarded or abolished if N, P, Na, or K is lacking. Repletion of bone mineral does not occur in absence of Na or P but proceeds in absence of N, P, K, or Na. Thus, quality of weight gained by underfed adult patients during hyperalimentation depends on elemental composition of the infusate.
Hospitals warn against stories between storeys
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Breaches of confidentiality and derogatory remarks about patients are common in hospital lifts, according to a report published in the current edition of the American Journal of Medicine (1995;99:190-4). The report claims that doctors are among the worst offenders.

The researchers, who were studying for masters degrees in medical ethics, repeatedly travelled up and down in hospital lifts in the US, listening to the conversations of the hospital staff who used them. Their findings showed that inappropriate comments were made on 14% of the 259 journeys analysed.

Violation of patients' confidentiality was the commonest type of unacceptable behaviour. Two …
Clarithromycin Therapy for Bacteremic<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex Disease
Authors: Richard E. Chaisson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To determine the antimicrobial activity and tolerability of clarithromycin for treating bacteremic Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Design: A randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study. Setting: Outpatient clinics. Patients: 154 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and blood cultures positive for M. avium complex who had symptomatic disease. Interventions: Random assignment to clarithromycin at dosages of 500 mg, 1000 mg, or 2000 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measure: Median number of colony-forming units of M. avium complex per milliliter of blood. Results: Clarithromycin decreased mycobacterial CFUs from 2.7 to 2.8 log 10/mL of blood at baseline to less than 0 log 10/mL during follow-up (P < 0.0001). After 2 weeks, patients receiving 500 mg twice daily were less likely to be culture negative than were patients receiving 1000 or 2000 mg twice daily (11% compared with 33% or 29%; P = 0.08). At 6 weeks, the median number of CFUs of M. avium complex/mL of blood was 0 or 1 for all three groups. Clarithromycin-resistant isolates of M. avium complex developed in 46% of patients at a median of 16 weeks. Median survival was longer in patients assigned to 500 mg twice daily (median, 249 days) than in patients assigned to 1000 mg or 2000 mg. Death in the first 12 weeks was lowest in the 500-mg group (P = 0.007). Conclusions: Clarithromycin therapy acutely decreased M. avium complex bacteremia in patients with HIV infection by more than 99%. Clarithromycin, 500 mg twice daily, was well tolerated and associated with better survival. Emergence of clarithromycin-resistant organisms was an important problem.
Low-dose etretinate in the maintenance of remission of palmoplantar pustular psoriasis
Authors: S.I. WHITE, LINDA PUTTICK, JANET M. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Twenty patients with palmoplantar pustular psoriasis were treated initially for 4 weeks with 70 mg etretinate daily. This led to clinical improvement and a significant fall in pustule count. The patients were then allocated randomly to 30 mg etretinate daily or placebo for a further 12 weeks. There was a rapid deterioration in the clinical condition and a rise in pustule count in the placebo group. The etretinate‐treated group still showed clinical improvement and a significantly lower pustule count after 12 weeks. Clinical side‐effects were few and adverse effects on liver function and serum lipids were not found.
Bim/Bcl-2 balance is critical for maintaining naive and memory T cell homeostasis
Authors: Sara Wojciechowski, Pulak Tripathi, Tristan Bourdeau, Luis Acero, H. Leighton Grimes, Jonathan D. Katz, Fred D. Finkelman, David A. Hildeman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

We examined the role of the antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 in combating the proapoptotic molecule Bim in control of naive and memory T cell homeostasis using Bcl-2−/− mice that were additionally deficient in one or both alleles of Bim. Naive T cells were significantly decreased in Bim+/−Bcl-2−/− mice, but were largely restored in Bim−/−Bcl-2−/− mice. Similarly, a synthetic Bcl-2 inhibitor killed wild-type, but not Bim−/−, T cells. Further, T cells from Bim+/−Bcl-2−/− mice died rapidly ex vivo and were refractory to cytokine-driven survival in vitro. In vivo, naive CD8+ T cells required Bcl-2 to combat Bim to maintain peripheral survival, whereas naive CD4+ T cells did not. In contrast, Bim+/−Bcl-2−/− mice generated relatively normal numbers of memory T cells after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Accumulation of memory T cells in Bim+/−Bcl-2−/− mice was likely caused by their increased proliferative renewal because of the lymphopenic environment of the mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate a critical role for a balance between Bim and Bcl-2 in controlling homeostasis of naive and memory T cells.
Adolescent impulsivity phenotypes characterized by distinct brain networks
Authors: Robert Whelan, Patricia J Conrod, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Anbarasu Lourdusamy, Tobias Banaschewski, Gareth J Barker, Mark A Bellgrove, Christian Büchel, Mark Byrne, Tarrant D R Cummins, Mira Fauth-Bühler, Herta Flor, Jürgen Gallinat, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Karl Mann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Edmund C Lalor, Mark Lathrop, Eva Loth, Frauke Nees, Tomas Paus, Marcella Rietschel, Michael N Smolka, Rainer Spanagel, David N Stephens, Maren Struve, Benjamin Thyreau, Sabine Vollstaedt-Klein, Trevor W Robbins, Gunter Schumann, Hugh Garavan
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2012)
Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy During Pregnancy
Authors: HESCHI H. ROTMENSCH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Pregnancy increases the work demands on the heart by increasing blood volume and thereby cardiac output. Therefore, in pregnant patients with organic heart disease, arrhythmias may have significant hemodynamic consequences to the mother with harm to the fetus. As a result of improved medical therapy, an increasing number of women with cardiac diseases or rhythm disorders reach their reproductive years and require medication. Information on the effect of antiarrhythmic agents on the human fetus as well as the possible changes in therapeutic response during the altered state of pregnancy is limited. In principle, the approach to the treatment of arrhythmias in pregnant patients is similar to that in nonpregnant patients. Special consideration, however, must be given with regard to drug selection and dosage in order to avoid adverse effects on the mother and fetus.
Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Derek Le Roith, Yehiel Zick
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Insulin signaling at the target tissue results in a large array of biological outcomes. These events are essential for normal growth and development and for normal homeostasis of glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Elucidating the intracellular events after activation of the IR has been the primary focus of a large number of investigators for decades, and for excellent reasons. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in insulin action could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and identifying key molecules and processes could lead to newer and more effective therapeutic agents for treating these common disorders. This review summarizes our previous understanding of how insulin acts and outlines some recent developments in our understanding of insulin action and insulin resistance at the cellular level, beginning with a discussion on the discovery of evolutionarily conserved molecules of the insulin signaling pathways. This article will also provide a summary of a few in vitro and cellular models of insulin resistance and a description of some new paradigms in the cellular mechanisms of insulin action. This review will not attempt to be all-inclusive; for a more comprehensive understanding, readers are referred to more complete reviews on insulin action (1–5).
(47) Systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: E. Mitchell, A.M.T. Kelly
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (47) Systemic lupus erythematosus Get access E. Mitchell, E. Mitchell Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M.T. Kelly A.M.T. Kelly Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 97–98, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05317.x Published: 01 July 1984
Abstract 2448: Inhibiting the DLL4/Notch pathway delays tumor recurrence and decreases tumorigenicity in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Marcus Fischer, Wan-Ching Yen, Lucia Beviglia, Pete Yeung, John Lewicki, Austin Gurney, Timothy Hoey
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract It is becoming increasingly evident that cancer stem cells drive tumor growth and progression and are preferentially resistant to chemotherapy. Previously, we demonstrated that interfering with the Delta-like 4 ligand (DLL4)/Notch signaling by anti-DLL4 antibodies decreased tumor growth in a pancreatic xenograft model, delayed tumor recurrence following chemotherapy, and reduced the pancreatic cancer stem cell (CSC) fraction. In this study, we evaluated the response of seven pancreatic xenograft tumors to anti-DLL4 antibodies as a single agent and when combined with gemcitabine. Utilizing an in vivo limiting dilution assay, we tested the ability of cells from previously treated xenografts to re-grow tumors after serial transplantation to quantify CSCs. We discovered that anti-DLL4 was efficacious as a single agent in all seven tumor models. In all seven models, when anti-DLL4 was combined with gemcitabine, the therapy provided significant efficacy over that of gemcitabine alone. This combination therapy resulted in tumor regression in three of these models. The antibody therapy reduced the CSC fraction, while gemcitabine treatment alone enriched for the CSC. The chemotherapy/antibody combination further reduced the CSC fraction compared to anti-DLL4 alone. To analyze the mechanism of action of inhibiting DLL4-Notch signaling in tumor cells and in the host vasculature, we tested a human specific DLL4 mAb and a murine specific DLL4 mAb as single agents. Anti-human DLL4 reduced the tumorigenicity of pancreatic tumor cells, while anti-murine DLL4 had no effect on tumor initiating cell frequency. In a tumor recurrence model, the human specific DLL4 mAb delayed tumor recurrence following the termination of gemcitabine while the murine specific DLL4 mAb decreased the growth rate of recurrent tumors. The combination of human and murine targeting DLL4 mAbs produced an additive effect in reducing tumor recurrence. These data support the rationale for targeting the DLL4/Notch pathway in pancreatic cancer and provide evidence of the therapeutic utility of targeting pathways, such as Notch, required for cancer stem cell self renewal. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2448. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2448
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland: Evaluation With FDG PET Imaging
Authors: Subhash Chander, Eser Lay Ergün, Steven Westphal, William Powell, J Michael Zerin, Uma Nandkumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Positron emission tomography (PET) using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been successfully used in the evaluation of a variety of malignancies. This work reports a 76-year-old man with a history of small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland, a rare tumor. The tumor was surgically resected. A follow-up FDG PET scan revealed marked FDG accumulation in the right neck indicating a metastatic lymph node. This case shows that FDG PET could play an important role in the staging, restaging, and posttherapy follow up of small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland.
Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Xenografts and Cells during Prolonged Treatment with Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole
Authors: Danijela Jelovac, Gauri Sabnis, Brian J. Long, Luciana Macedo, Olga G. Goloubeva, Angela M.H. Brodie
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Ovariectomized mice bearing tumor xenografts grown from aromatase-transfected estrogen receptor (ER)–positive human breast cancer cells (MCF-7Ca) were injected s.c. with 10 μg/d letrozole for up to 56 weeks. Western blot analysis of the tumors revealed that ERs (ERα) were increased at 4 weeks but decreased at weeks 28 and 56. Expression of erbB-2 and p-Shc increased throughout treatment, whereas growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (Grb2) increased only in tumors proliferating on letrozole (weeks 28 and 56). In cells isolated from tumors after 56 weeks and maintained as a cell line (LTLT-Ca) in 1 μmol/L letrozole, ERα was also decreased whereas erbB-2, adapter proteins (p-Shc and Grb2), and the signaling proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade were increased compared with MCF-7Ca cells. Growth was inhibited in LTLT-Ca cells but not in MCF-7Ca cells treated with MAPK kinase 1/2 inhibitors U0126, and PD98059 (IC50 ∼25 μmol/L). PD98059 (5 μmol/L) also reduced MAPK activity and increased ERα to the levels in MCF-7Ca cells. Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor, gefitinib (ZD1839) inhibited growth of LTLT-Ca cells (IC50 ∼10 μmol/L) and restored their sensitivity to tamoxifen and anastrozole. In xenografts, combined treatment with ER down-regulator fulvestrant and letrozole, prevented increases in erbB-2 and activation of MAPK and was highly effective in inhibiting tumor growth throughout 29 weeks of treatment. These results indicate that blocking both ER- and growth factor–mediated transcription resulted in the most effective inhibition of growth of ER-positive breast cancer cells.