tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOTHERAPY IN THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Theodore P. Wolfe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

Against the background of some six years' experience with research concerning psychosomatic problems, carried out on the wards of a general hospital, an attempt has been made in this paper to point out (1) the magnitude of the task psychotherapy has to fulfill in the general hospital; (2) some of the types of psychotherapeutic situation most frequently met with in the general hospital; and (3) the particular difficulties and limitations of psychotherapeutic work in the general hospital. At the present, psychotherapeutic work in the general hospital is more a desideratum than an actuality. The translation of this need into practical application will have to be mainly along three lines: (1) further, intensive work in the field of psychosomatic research; (2) further progress in psychiatric education, with especial emphasis on bridging the gap between general medicine and psychiatry, and the training of psychiatrists especially equipped for psychotherapeutic work on general hospital wards; and (3) convincing demonstration to the authorities responsible for hospital administration that a psychotherapeutic service on general medical wards is not a financial liability, but a financial asset.
New Approach to Amnioscopy
Authors: Amir H. Ansari
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Amnioscopy for evaluation of intrauterine fetal status has slowly gained acceptance in this country since the original description of the method by Saling in 1962.<sup>1</sup>In general, amnioscopy is considered a simple, safe, and useful method of intrauterine fetal monitoring. The technique involves the visualization of the amniotic fluid through a partially dilated cervix and intact membranes. The main aim of amnioscopy is the detection of meconium within the amniotic fluid which presumably signifies fetal distress. Validity of meconium stained amniotic fluid as a sign of fetal distress in the absence of other associated stigmata such as alteration in fetal heart rate has remained a matter of much debate.<sup>2,3</sup>In addition amnioscopy may provide information, such as the presence of blood or bilirubin in the amniotic fluid in the case of abruptio placenta and erythroblastosis fetalis, respectively. According to our experience, amnioscopy is also of
Abstract 3796: Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration synergizes with tyrosine kinase inhibitors to eliminate Bcr-Abl+ leukemia
Authors: Francesca Alvarez-Calderon, Mark A. Gregory, James DeGregori
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors are the standard therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). While effective in controlling disease in chronic phase, these inhibitors often fail to completely eliminate Bcr-Abl+ CML cells and also fail to achieve durable remissions for advanced CML and Bcr-Abl+ acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). Our lab employed a large-scale synthetic lethal shRNA screen to identify genes involved in CML survival upon treatment with the Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor imatinib (IM) [Cancer Cell. 2010;18(1):74-87]. This screen identified several genes involved in energy utilization including a component of pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase. This target was identified by two independent shRNAs, each underrepresented over 22 fold in treated cells compared to untreated. CML proliferation depends on Bcr-Abl-driven glycolysis for energy production. Upon IM treatment, I hypothesized that these cells are forced to rely on other sources of energy including the TCA cycle and mitochondrial respiration, and that targeting alternative energy production pathways will enhance IM-mediated elimination of CML cells. Thus, I predicted that inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition would cooperate with tyrosine kinase inhibitors to eliminate Bcr-Abl+ leukemias. My experiments have shown that knocking down pyruvate dehydrogenase in human blast crisis Bcr-Abl+ CML cells (K562) greatly sensitizes cells to IM in vitro. Conversely, supplementing the cell culture media with increasing concentrations of methyl-pyruvate protects K562 cells from IM treatment. Moreover, I find that the mitochondrial ATP-synthase inhibitor Oligomycin A also synergizes with IM to kill CML cells in vitro. In addition, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration with Oligomycin A enhances elimination of Bcr-Abl+ cells by a Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor in vivo and prolongs disease-free survival in a mouse model of Bcr-Abl+ B-ALL. The drug doses of Oligomycin A used are over 100-fold below the LD50, and have no apparent adverse effects on these mice. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism as an adjuvant drug therapy may prevent the survival of residual Bcr-Abl+ CML cells upon tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. *This project is supported in part by pre-doctoral fellowship number F31CA157166 from the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3796. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3796
MENIERE'S DISEASE WITH REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: R. A. BACHMANN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In 1861 Ménière published, in the<i>Gazette Médicale de Paris</i>, a description of a group of symptoms which thereafter, when noted, received the name of Ménière's disease. The symptoms in general were progressive deafness, varyingly constant vertigo, tinnitus aurium and gastric disturbances. Since then cases have been reported at times on both sides of the Atlantic, but principally in Europe, and pathologic investigations have been made. The result, however, has been more or less discordant, principally in admission of a distinct disease with symptoms as described, and additionally in the exact nature and location of the lesion or lesions. Thus Burnett<sup>1</sup>denounces the name of Ménière's disease as unjust and unscientific, defending his assertions by the fact that Flourens, in 1822, and Deleau,<sup>2</sup>in 1836, described aural vertigo more accurately than Ménière in 1861, Deleau being especially entitled to credit, as he located the disease in the middle
Hemoccult Screening and Colorectal Neoplasms
Authors: David Lieberman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1990Hemoccult Screening and Colorectal NeoplasmsDavid Lieberman, MDDavid Lieberman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-11-880 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Allison and associates (1) evaluated the sensitivity of fecal occult blood tests in detecting colorectal neoplasms. The 50% sensitivity they found at 1 year was lower than previous estimates and, as these authors point out, may limit the effectiveness of the fecal occult blood test in colorectal cancer screening programs. The authors also speculate on the likelihood of finding a significant colorectal adenoma in patients with a negative fecal occult blood test. The implication that significant adenomas are unusual (<2%) in patients with a negative fecal occult blood test is unfounded and misleading. Most patients with a...References1. AllisonFeldmanTekawa JRI. Hemoccult screening in detecting colorectal neoplasm: sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:328-33. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LiebermanDenbergSmith DTF. Screening for colon malignancy with colonoscopy in asymptomatic subjects. Gastrointest Endosc. 1989;35:174. Google Scholar1. AllisonFeldmanTekawa JRI. Hemoccult screening in detecting colorectal neoplasm. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:328-33. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SilverbergBoringSquires ECI. Cancer statistics, 1990. CA. 1990;40:26. Google Scholar3. SilverbergBoringSquires ECT. Cancer statistics, 1990. CA. 1990;40:10. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Portland, OR 97207 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1990Volume 112, Issue 11Page: 880-881KeywordsAdenomasColorectal cancer screeningHematologic tests Issue Published: 1 June 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of propranolol on the factors promoting bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites
Authors: María Pérez-Paramo, Javier Muñoz, Agustín Albillos, Isabel Freile, Francisca Portero, Martín Santos, José Ortiz-Berrocal
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Bacterial translocation appears to be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of spontaneous infections in cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients are commonly treated with β-adrenoceptor blockers, but the impact of this treatment in the factors promoting bacterial translocation has not been investigated. This study was aimed at investigating in cirrhotic rats with ascites the effect of propranolol on intestinal bacterial load, transit, and permeability of the bowel and on the rate of bacterial translocation. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal bacterial overgrowth, permeability (urinary excretion of 99m Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid [ 99m Tc-DTPA]), and transit (geometric center ratio of 51 Cr) were assessed in 29 rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) cirrhosis and 20 controls. These variables were then measured in 12 placebo- and in 13 propranolol-treated ascitic cirrhotic rats. Bacterial translocation was present in 48% of the cirrhotic rats and in none of the controls. Cirrhotic rats with intestinal bacterial overgrowth had a significantly higher rate of translocation and slower intestinal transit than those without it. Among the 15 rats with overgrowth and a 99m Tc-DTPA excretion greater than 10%, 15 had translocation and 2 had bacterial peritonitis. Only 1 of the 14 rats with either intestinal overgrowth or a 99m Tc-DTPA excretion greater than 10% presented translocation. Compared with the placebo group, propranolol-treated animals had significantly lower portal pressure, faster intestinal transit, and lower rates of bacterial overgrowth and translocation. In ascitic cirrhotic rats, bacterial translocation results from intestinal overgrowth and severe damage to gut permeability. In this setting, intestinal overgrowth is associated with intestinal hypomotility. Propranolol accelerates the intestinal transit, decreasing the rates of bacterial overgrowth and translocation.
Meeting Report: Moving Upstream—Evaluating Adverse Upstream End Points for Improved Risk Assessment and Decision-Making
Authors: Tracey J. Woodruff, Lauren Zeise, Daniel A. Axelrad, Kathryn Z. Guyton, Sarah Janssen, Mark Miller, Gregory G. Miller, Jackie M. Schwartz, George Alexeeff, Henry Anderson, Linda Birnbaum, Frederic Bois, Vincent James Cogliano, Kevin Crofton, Susan Y. Euling, Paul M.D. Foster, Dori R. Germolec, Earl Gray, Dale B. Hattis, Amy D. Kyle, Robert W. Luebke, Michael I. Luster, Chris Portier, Deborah C. Rice, Gina Solomon, John Vandenberg, R. Thomas Zoeller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundAssessing adverse effects from environmental chemical exposure is integral to public health policies. Toxicology assays identifying early biological changes from chemical exposure are increasing our ability to evaluate links between early biological disturbances and subsequent overt downstream effects. A workshop was held to consider how the resulting data inform consideration of an "adverse effect" in the context of hazard identification and risk assessment.ObjectivesOur objective here is to review what is known about the relationships between chemical exposure, early biological effects (upstream events), and later overt effects (downstream events) through three case studies (thyroid hormone disruption, antiandrogen effects, immune system disruption) and to consider how to evaluate hazard and risk when early biological effect data are available.DiscussionEach case study presents data on the toxicity pathways linking early biological perturbations with downstream overt effects. Case studies also emphasize several factors that can influence risk of overt disease as a result from early biological perturbations, including background chemical exposures, underlying individual biological processes, and disease susceptibility. Certain effects resulting from exposure during periods of sensitivity may be irreversible. A chemical can act through multiple modes of action, resulting in similar or different overt effects.ConclusionsFor certain classes of early perturbations, sufficient information on the disease process is known, so hazard and quantitative risk assessment can proceed using information on upstream biological perturbations. Upstream data will support improved approaches for considering developmental stage, background exposures, disease status, and other factors important to assessing hazard and risk for the whole population.
The NHS Five Year Forward View: implications for clinicians
Authors: M. Maruthappu, H. S. Sood, B. Keogh
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The <i>Five Year Forward View</i> is a look at what the NHS could achieve, given the range of resources that may be available. It sets out how the health service needs to change, arguing for a more engaged relationship with patients, carers, and citizens to promote wellbeing and prevent ill health. Here, we outline how the <i>Forward View</i> supports clinicians to provide better, higher quality and more integrated care. New models of care are presented, including multispecialty providers, primary and acute care systems, urgent and emergency care networks, viable smaller hospitals, specialised services, modern maternity services, and enhanced care homes. The commitments to support clinicians are discussed, including specific proposals for primary care, initiatives to improve the health of NHS staff, dealing with gaps in the NHS workforce, and the use of technology and innovation to further enable clinicians.
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH: FINDINGS AFTER THREE YEARS
Authors: MARGARET C.-L. GILDEA, HERBERT R. DOMKE, IVAN N. MENSH, A. D. BUCHMUELLER, JOHN C. GLIDEWELL, MILDRED B. KANTOR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

Three years of work in a research project to evaluate a community mental health program have been reviewed. Problems in hypothesis formation, research design and instrument validation have been discussed. Positive correlations have been found between the degree of emotional disturbance in school children and teacher's reportings, school achievement, a group test, sociometric data and mother's symptom reporting. Positive correlations have been found between attitudes of mothers toward children and the social class of the family. We find a greater number of referrals of disturbed children in the upper class and extreme lower class, fewer in the middle and upper lower classes. Boys are referred more frequently than girls. More boys are in the clinically disturbed criterion group, and more girls in the normal groups. We also report an hypothesis about the relationship between maternal attitudes and children's symptoms as shown by open-ended questions, and a concept for coding and analyzing the responses.
Intracellular calcium levels are unchanged in the diabetic heart
Authors: Jen Z Yu, Brian Rodrigues, John H McNeill
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

The quality control indices of myocyte isolation (viability, yield, survival time, cell response, etc.) suggest that the adult rat myocyte model is stable and useful in [Ca2+]i measurements and functional studies at the cellular level. Moreover, diabetic cardiomyocytes are a valuable model for studying cellular functions of the diabetic heart as they retain most of the features of cardiac dysfunction of intact rat. Data from our studies indicate that the basal [Ca2+]i in both quiescent and electrically-stimulated cells is not changed. Thus, resting levels of [Ca2+]i and basal [Ca2+]i transients may not reflect the abnormalities observed in diabetes until the system is challenged by certain stimuli. [Ca2+]i responses to isoproterenol are depressed in both resting and stimulated diabetic cells. This suggests an alteration in the beta-adrenergic pathway, possibly related to the beta-adrenoceptor deficiency reported in the diabetic heart. SR Ca-ATPase is also involved in the isoproterenol-induced [Ca2+]i changes. Moreover, the decreased maximum response to 8-bromo-cAMP provides evidence of a post-receptor alteration in the pathway. Diabetic myocytes are more sensitive to ouabain, whereas the maximum response to ouabain was depressed. This may be the result of depressed Na-K ATPase and increased [Na+]i. In diabetic myocytes, rapid cooling contractures and caffeine contractures are depressed, whereas caffeine-induced Ca2+ transients are decreased. Ryanodine binding suggests a decreased number of high-affinity binding sites in the SR of diabetic myocytes. Additionally, there are indications that SR releasable calcium is reduced and that the major functions of SR, notably uptake, release and storage, may be depressed in diabetic myocytes. Finally, L-type Ca(2+)-channels are quantitatively and qualitatively altered in diabetes. Insulin treatment normalizes most of the diabetes-induced changes in cardiomyocytes, suggesting that metabolic alterations due to insulin deficiency play an important role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Results from several studies show that in diabetes the function of major organelles which handle [Ca2+]i in myocytes is depressed, which in turn causes the alteration of [Ca2+]i mobilization in myocytes. Different second messenger systems involved in E-C coupling may also be altered due to the metabolic impairments. The rapid increase in our understanding of the pathophysiology of calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes will be forthcoming as the powerful new tools of molecular and structural biology are used to investigate the regulation of the Ca2+ transport system.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Disease
Authors: Ilan Shimon, Shlomo Melmed
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

Critical issues in diagnosis and treatment of pituitary disease are surveyed. The most relevant clinical aspects of hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, secondary hyperthyroidism, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, panhypopituitarism, growth hormone deficiency, gonadotropin deficiency, ACTH deficiency, TSH deficiency, and diabetes insipidus are discussed. Diagnostic and therapeutic issues in the approach to pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas and pituitary apoplexy are analyzed.
Ovary removal can reduce risk of breast and ovarian cancer in women with gene mutations
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Women who have the gene mutations BRCA1 or BRCA2 can reduce their likelihood of developing ovarian cancer and breast cancer by having prophylactic surgery to remove both ovaries, according to two new studies in the New England Journal of Medicine .

However, because removing both ovaries substantially lowers the production of hormones, the researchers said there is some concern that hormone replacement therapy—which is required after the surgery—could raise the risk of cancer by restoring some of these hormones.

Previous studies showed that women who carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 …
The Practice of Cardiology*
Authors: LOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 October 1928The Practice of CardiologyA Consideration of the Continuous Care of Heart Patients by the Prolonged Use of Drugs, Physiotherapy and PsychotherapyLOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP, M.A., M.D., Sc.D., F.A.C.P.LOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP, M.A., M.D., Sc.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-4-352 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is a privilege indeed to address the American College of Physicians, in the organization of which I took part at the beginning, and to be allowed to speak on a topic which has occupied most of my conscious moments during more than half of my professional life.The idea of the American College of Physicans was discussed by a group of men in New York City shortly after the meeting of the International Medical Congress which was held in London in August, 1913. We had come back to America with vivid recollections of delightful encounters with great men and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP, M.A., M.D., Sc.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Fordham University Lincoln Hospital New York*Read before the American College of Physicians, March 7, 1928, New Orleans, La. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLouis Faugères BishopThe Changing Face of Twentieth-Century American CardiologyJOEL D. HOWELL, M.D. 1 October 1928Volume 2, Issue 4Page: 352-366 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE REMOVAL OF TATTOOS WITH A KEKATOTOME.
Authors: KATHEKINE A. GRICE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article THE REMOVAL OF TATTOOS WITH A KEKATOTOME. Get access KATHEKINE A. GRICE, M.B., B.S., D.C.H. KATHEKINE A. GRICE, M.B., B.S., D.C.H. Institute of Clinical Research, 40 Hanson St., London, W.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 7, 1 July 1964, Pages 318–321, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb14536.x Published: 01 July 1964
Mental Health Care Needs among Recent War Veterans
Authors: Han K. Kang, Kenneth C. Hyams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Fifteen percent or more of some populations of veterans of the Vietnam War and the 1991 Gulf War have received diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).1,2 Given this history and the fact that U.S. troops in Iraq and Afghanistan are serving for prolonged periods in a hazardous combat environment, we expect the mental health care needs of our newest veterans to be great. In a survey of 3671 Army soldiers and Marines who were involved in combat in Iraq and Afghanistan, up to 17 percent of those returning reported symptoms consistent with major depression, generalized anxiety, or PTSD.3 Since . . .
PSYCHOTHERAPY IN THE COMBAT ZONE
Authors: ALBERT J. GLASS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

Effective techniques of combat psychotherapy have been evolved through experiences gained in World War I, World War II, and the Korean campaign. They include the following basic principles: (1) the location or level where treatment is performed should be as near the battlefront or combat group as practicable, preferably at the level of the battalion aid station; (2) best results of treatment are obtained by methods that combine simplicity and brevity; repression and suppressive techniques are more effective than uncovering procedures; (3) psychiatric facilities function more effectively if all assigned personnel make consistent efforts to create a therapeutic atmosphere that reflects positive motivation; (4) success in therapy is largely determined by the degree with which the psychiatrist identifies with the needs of the combat group, as opposed to his participation with the desires of the individual.