tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gas6 promotes inflammation by enhancing interactions between endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes
Authors: Marc Tjwa, Lola Bellido-Martin, Yuan Lin, Esther Lutgens, Stéphane Plaisance, Françoise Bono, Nathalie Delesque-Touchard, Caroline Hervé, Rute Moura, An D. Billiau, Cristina Aparicio, Marcel Levi, Mat Daemen, Mieke Dewerchin, Florea Lupu, Jef Arnout, Jean-Marc Herbert, Mark Waer, Pablo García de Frutos, Björn Dahlbäck, Peter Carmeliet, Marc F. Hoylaerts, Lieve Moons
Journal: Blood (2007)
Technetium-99m Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer Dynamic and Static Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis
Authors: Takao Sagiuchi, Katsumi Ishii, Yuuji Asano, Masaru Yamada, Kiyotaka Fujii
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 69-year-old man with a past history of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion had cerebral single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (Tc-99m ECD). Dynamic SPECT in the super-early phase revealed normal uptake in the left cerebellum and hypoactivity in the right MCA territory. Conventional static SPECT revealed decreased cerebral blood flow in the right MCA territory and the left cerebellum, indicating crossed cerebellar diaschisis. Our SPECT studies revealed decreased retention of Tc-99m ECD in the cerebellum manifested as crossed cerebellar diaschisis.
Drugs, Receptors and Serum Protein Binding
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The science of pharmacokinetics deals with the mechanism and rates which govern absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. This is an important but complex field that is, at best, only briefly described in general texts of pharmacology, but well worth exploring in more specialized sources.1 , 2 One of the pharmacokinetic "games that drugs will play" is well illustrated in the paper on diazoxide by Sellers and Koch-Weser in the current issue of the Journal. In this case, a drug that is highly bound to serum albumin is not present in adequate concentration in the free or active form to exert . . .
Predictive value of wavelet correlation functions of signal-averaged electrocardiogram in patients after anterior versus inferior myocardial infarction
Authors: Lutz Reinhardt, Markku Mäkijärvi, Thomas Fetsch, Juha Montonen, Gilberto Sierra, Antoni Martínez-Rubio, Toivo Katila, Martin Borggrefe, Günter Breithardt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
HOW PROGRESS COMES IN MEDICINE.ORATION ON MEDICINE AT THE FIFTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT BOSTON, JUNE 5-8, 1906.
Authors: FREDERICK C. SHATTUCK
Journal: JAMA (1906)

During the past year there has been no very conspicuous advance in medicine. Advance there has been, of course, but it has been all along the line rather than any one direction. I propose, therefore, to-night to attempt roughly to sketch, as far as the limitations of time and my knowledge permit, some features of the progress of medicine in the past, its irregularity, apparent lack of logical sequence, dependence on the progress of science (knowledge) as a whole, the way in which advance along a very narrow line may lead to advance along the whole front. We may for a moment compare the whole body of scientific workers to an army determined to enter into and possesss the empire of ignorance, a country of vast extent and presenting every conceivable physical difficulty to advance and occupation. This is one obstacle. Another lies in the fact that the army has
Functional Recovery of Stroke Rats Induced by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor–Stimulated Stem Cells
Authors: Woei-Cherng Shyu, Shinn-Zong Lin, Hui-I Yang, Yi-Shiuan Tzeng, Cheng-Yoong Pang, Pao-Sheng Yen, Hung Li
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide; however, no effective treatment currently exists.Rats receiving subcutaneous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) showed less cerebral infarction, as evaluated by MRI, and improved motor performance after right middle cerebral artery ligation than vehicle-treated control rats. Subcutaneous administration of G-CSF enhanced the availability of circulating hematopoietic stem cells to the brain and their capacity for neurogenesis and angiogenesis in rats with cerebral ischemia.G-CSF induced increases in bone marrow cell mobilization and targeting to the brain, reducing the volume of cerebral infarction and improving neural plasticity and vascularization.
UK government asks academy to review regulation of research
Authors: D. Asprey
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The government has announced a “rapid independent review” of medical research amid concern that strict regulation may be driving medical science abroad.

The health secretary for England, Andy Burnham, said that medical researchers had been tied up in red tape, affecting the UK’s ability to attract industry funded research, to the detriment of the country’s health and wealth. 

He said, “For research to flourish it needs freedom from unnecessary bureaucracy and interference. That’s why I am asking the Academy of Medical Science to review regulation and governance in this area.”

The Academy of Medical Sciences’ working group undertaking the review will be …
Morbid jealousy as a function of fitness-related life-cycle dimensions
Authors: Lucas D. Schipper, Judith A. Easton, Todd K. Shackelford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

We suggest that morbid jealousy falls on the extreme end of a jealousy continuum. Thus, many features associated with normal jealousy will be present in individuals diagnosed with morbid jealousy. We apply Boyer &amp; Lienard's (B&amp;L's) prediction one (P1; target article, sect. 7.1) to morbid jealousy, suggesting that fitness-related life-cycle dimensions predict sensitivity to cues, and frequency, intensity, and content of intrusive thoughts of partner infidelity.
DETECTION OF PRIMARY CASES OF SYPHILIS WITHOUT CLINICAL SYMPTOMS BY SEROLOGICAL TESTS ONLY*
Authors: JULES DESNEUX
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1948)

Journal Article DETECTION OF PRIMARY CASES OF SYPHILIS WITHOUT CLINICAL SYMPTOMS BY SEROLOGICAL TESTS ONLY Get access JULES DESNEUX JULES DESNEUX Brussels Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 60, Issue 7-8, 1 July 1948, Pages 235–238, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1948.tb11294.x Published: 01 July 1948
Type 2 Diabetes With Partial Lipodystrophy of the Limbs
Authors: Leah R. Strickland, Fangjian Guo, Kerry Lok, W. Timothy Garvey
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Lipodystrophies are categorized by the extent of fat loss (generalized vs. partial) and by inheritance (congenital vs. acquired). We examined whether a group of patients with partial lipodystrophy of the limbs (PLL), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and an absence of a family history of lipodystrophy constitute a new clinical subtype.Ten women with T2DM and PLL were identified in academic diabetes clinics and were matched by age, sex, BMI, ethnicity, and diabetes status with 10 women with control T2DM without lipodystrophy. All patients were characterized by clinical evaluation and hyperinsulinemic clamp.Patients with T2DM and PLL exhibited symmetrical loss of subcutaneous fat in forearms, or forearms plus calves, and acanthosis nigricans. Maximally stimulated glucose disposal rates were markedly reduced by 56% in the T2DM with PLL group compared with the control T2DM patients, whether normalized by body weight or surface area. Most PLL patients exhibited little or no insulin-mediated glucose uptake after subtraction of non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake. The T2DM with PLL group also had greater elevations in hepatic transaminases and triglycerides and earlier onset of diabetes compared with control T2DM.T2DM with PLL represents a previously unrecognized phenotype of lipodystrophy and of T2DM. These T2DM patients exhibit symmetrical lipodystrophy of the distal limbs, acanthosis nigricans, marked insulin resistance with little insulin-mediated glucose uptake, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic transaminase elevations, which are greater in severity than observed in patients with common T2DM.
Risk of HIV Infection Increases With an Injectable Hormonal Contraceptive
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Calm Look at 'Drug Lag'
Authors: Donald Kennedy
Journal: JAMA (1978)

IN RECENT testimony to a Senate subcommittee seeking ways to improve the drug regulation process in the United States, I insisted that an essential element in the updating of our drug laws must be the enhanced ability to expedite the approval of important therapeutic advances. The Food and Drug Administration's responsibility to the public health is often thought of primarily as a matter of guaranteeing safety, but consumers are poorly served when they are denied access to safe products that are effective in the relief of pain or the cure of disease. We must view our role as regulators of technology transfer comprehensively and be just as conscious of the costs of foregone innovation as we are of other kinds of costs. The view that we are not as conscious of these costs as we should be is widespread, especially among our critics in the drug industry. They have coined
Hepatic endothelin-1 and endocannabinoids-dependent effects of hyperleptinemia in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-cirrhotic rats
Authors: Ying-Ying Yang, Tung-Hu Tsai, Yi-Tsau Huang, Tzung-Yan Lee, Che-Chang Chan, Kuei-Chuan Lee, Han-Chieh Lin
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Leptin, the ob gene product, is a protein released from adipocytes and has been detected in fibrotic and cirrhotic livers. Leptin in brain has an inhibitory effect on food intake. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hyperleptinemia. This study explores the possible mechanisms of hyperleptinemia in relation to increased intrahepatic resistance (IHR) and portal hypertension in NASH cirrhotic rats. NASH cirrhotic rats with hyperleptinemia were induced in Zucker ( fa/fa ) and lean rats by feeding the animals a high fat/methionine-choline-deficient (HF/MCD) diet with and without exogenous administration of recombinant leptin. Portal venous pressure (PVP), IHR, plasma and hepatic levels of various substances, histopathology of the liver, the hepatic hydroxyproline content, and the expression of various hepatic protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) were measured. Hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction and the vasoconstrictive response to endothelin-1 were also observed using a liver perfusion system and intravital microscopy. Finally, the effect of leptin on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was evaluated. Both in HF/MCD-Zucker and HF/MCD+leptin lean rats, significant hepatic fibrogenesis and cirrhosis, marked portal hypertension, microcirculatory dysfunction, an enhanced vasoconstrictive response to endothelin-1, and an increased IHR were found to be associated with higher levels of hepatic endothelin-1 and endocannabinoids, expression levels of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor, endothelin-1 type A receptor (ETAR), activator protein-1, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)1, osteopontin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), leptin, and the leptin receptor (OBRb). Interestingly, acute incubation of leptin directly increases the expression of ETAR, OBRb and activator protein-1 in HSCs. Conclusion : An HF/MCD diet and hyperleptinemia increase hepatic endocannabinoids production, promote hepatic fibrogenesis, enhance the hepatic vasoconstrictive response to endothelin-1, and aggravate hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction; these events subsequently increase IHR and portal hypertension in NASH cirrhotic rats. (Hepatology 2012)
Slit Proteins Prevent Midline Crossing and Determine the Dorsoventral Position of Major Axonal Pathways in the Mammalian Forebrain
Authors: Anil Bagri, Oscar Marı́n, Andrew S. Plump, Judy Mak, Samuel J. Pleasure, John L.R. Rubenstein, Marc Tessier-Lavigne
Journal: Neuron (2002)
The Relationship Between Malpractice Claims History and Subsequent Obstetric Care
Authors: Stephen S. Entman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the relationship between prior malpractice claims experience and the quality of clinical obstetric care. <h3>Design.</h3> —Historical cohort study of obstetricians, classified by their prior malpractice claims experience, with blinded review of medical records from their practices 5 to 10 years later. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Florida obstetricians who lost, settled, or defended malpractice claims between 1977 and 1983 and who were still practicing obstetrics in 1987. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Objective and subjective assessment of quality of clinical care of patients attended by obstetricians with different histories of malpractice claims. <h3>Results.</h3> —No differences were found in any of the objective or subjective measures of the quality of clinical care provided to patients of obstetricians who were classified into one of four groups according to their prior claims history. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —No relationship was found between prior malpractice claims experience and the technical quality of practice by Florida obstetricians. Strategies that attempt to identify physicians at risk for future clinical errors by using data on prior malpractice claims (such as the National Practitioner Data Bank) may be misjudging the likelihood that substandard clinical care will be provided by physicians with prior claims. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1588-1591)
Bromohydrin pyrophosphate enhances antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced by therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Julie Gertner-Dardenne, Cecile Bonnafous, Christine Bezombes, Aude-Hélène Capietto, Virginie Scaglione, Sophie Ingoure, Delphine Cendron, Emilie Gross, Jean-François Lepage, Anne Quillet-Mary, Loîc Ysebaert, Guy Laurent, Hélène Sicard, Jean-Jacques Fournié
Journal: Blood (2009)

In human blood, 1% to 5% of lymphocytes are gammadelta T cells; they mostly express the gammadelta T-cell receptor (TCR)Vgamma9, recognize nonpeptide phosphoantigens (PAgs) produced by microbes and tumor cells, and mediate different modes of lytic activities directed against tumor target cells. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by cytolytic lymphoid cells is essential for the clinical activity of anticancer monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but whether PAgs affect ADCC by gammadelta T cells is unknown. Here we report that, in association with the CD20(+)-specific mAb rituximab (RTX), the synthetic PAg bromohydrin pyrophosphate (BrHPP) increased TCRVgamma9(+) cell binding to CD20(+) lymphoma cells in vitro. This combination activated phospho-ZAP70 and phospho-ERK1/2 signaling in TCRVgamma9(+) cells and strongly enhanced their ADCC activity. We obtained similar results with BrHPP in the context of the mAbs alemtuzumab and trastuzumab. Furthermore, BrHPP enhanced RTX-mediated depletion of CD20(+) cells in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy subjects and enhanced ADCC by gammadelta T cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In cynomolgus macaques, a regimen combining RTX, BrHPP, and IL2 activated TCRVgamma9(+) lymphocytes and enhanced B-cell depletion from blood and lymph nodes. Thus, the combination with BrHPP PAg is able to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by therapeutic mAbs.
Glomerular prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in rat nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Effects on renal hemodynamics.
Authors: E A Lianos, G A Andres, M J Dunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Glomerular arachidonate cyclooxygenation by isolated rat glomeruli was assessed in vitro in antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody-induced glomerulonephritis by radioimmunoassay for prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxane. After a single intravenous injection of rabbit anti-rat GBM serum, we observed enhancement of glomerular thromboxane B2 (TxB2) synthesis as early as 2 to 3 h with smaller increments in PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthetic rates. On day 2 of the disease, the glomerular synthesis of TxB2 and, to a lesser extent, PGF2 alpha and PGE2 remained enhanced, whereas on days 8, 11, and 14, TxB2 was the only prostanoid synthesized at increased rates. Glomerular TxB2 synthesis correlated with the presacrifice 24-h protein excretion. 60 min after intravenous infusion of anti-GMB serum, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased (0.66 +/- 0.04 to 0.44 +/- 0.03 ml/min per 100 g, P less than 0.05), without a significant change in renal plasma flow (RPF): 1.97 +/- 0.23 to 1.80 +/- 0.23 ml/min per 100 g) and without a change in glomerular PG synthetic rates. At 2 h, GFR and RPF reached a nadir (0.25 +/- 0.04 and 1.3 +/- 0.1 ml/min per 100 g, respectively) coinciding with a fivefold increment in glomerular TxB2. By 3 h GFR and RPF partially recovered to 0.43 +/- 0.07 and 1.77 +/- 0.20 ml/min per 100 g, respectively, P less than 0.05, despite further increments in TxB2 synthesis. This recovery of GFR and RPF coincided with increments in vasodilatory PG, (PGE2 and PGI2). The thromboxane synthetase inhibitor OKY-1581 markedly inhibited platelet and glomerular TxB2 synthesis and preserved GFR at 1, 2, and 3 h. Another thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, UK-38485, also completely inhibited platelet and glomerular TxB2 synthesis and prevented decrements of GFR at 2 and 3 h. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ibuprofen, inhibited platelet TxB2 and PGE2 synthesis and significantly reduced glomerular PGE2 but not TxB2 synthesis. In the ibuprofen-treated rats, the partial recoveries of GFR and RPF at 3 h were attenuated. The in vitro glomerular TxB2 synthesis correlated inversely with the presacrifice GFR and filtration fraction. These observations indicate that in anti-GBM nephritis there is enhanced synthesis of TxA2 and PG in the glomerulus that mediate changes in renal hemodynamics.
Premature Contractions and Clofibrate
Authors: Joseph F.X. McGarvey
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Clofibrate is a branched fatty acid phenol ester that has been found to have a hypolipidemic effect in man.  Both muscle pain and ventricular bigeminal rhythm have been reported as adverse effects of clofibrate. 1,2 The importance of recognizing the drug as a cause of premature atrial or ventricular activity is made evident by the following case.  Report of a Case.—  A 54-year-old white man was treated with clofibrate because of a type-4 lipid abnormality coexisting with arteriosclerotic heart disease manifested by angina and a myocardial infarction in 1967. Treatment with clofibrate, 2 gm/day, was started on Nov 20, 1973, and on Jan 16, 1973, he began to suffer a continuous ache in the muscles of the thighs and calves. The ache would sometimes awaken him and would be neither aggravated nor relieved by walking.  Palpation over the thigh and calf muscles of both legs elicited tenderness.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor plays a permissive role in the maintenance of cardiac contractile function under starvation through regulation of autophagy
Authors: Xihui Xu, Benjamin D. Pacheco, Lin Leng, Richard Bucala, Jun Ren
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) protects the heart through AMPK activation.Autophagy, a conserved pathway for bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles, helps preserve and recycle energy and nutrients for cells to survive under starvation.This study was designed to examine the role of MIF in cardiac homeostasis and autophagy regulation following an acute starvation challenge. Methods and resultsWild-type (WT) and MIF knockout mice were starved for 48 h.Echocardiographic data revealed little effect of starvation on cardiac geometry, contractile and intracellular Ca 2+ properties.MIF deficiency unmasked an increase in left ventricular end-systolic diameter, a drop in fractional shortening associated with cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca 2+ anomalies following starvation.Interestingly, the unfavourable effect of MIF deficiency was associated with interruption of starvation-induced autophagy.Furthermore, restoration of autophagy using rapamycin partially protected against starvation-induced cardiomyocyte contractile defects.In our in vitro model of starvation, neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes from WT and MIF 2/2 mice and H9C2 cells were treated with serum free-glucose free DMEM for 2 h.MIF depletion dramatically attenuated starvation-induced autophagic vacuole formation in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and exacerbated starvation-induced cell death in H9C2 cells. ConclusionIn summary, these results indicate that MIF plays a permissive role in the maintenance of cardiac contractile function under starvation by regulation of autophagy.
Pregnancy in patients presenting with hyperprolactinaemia.
Authors: W F Kelly, G F Joplin, F H Doyle, K Mashiter, L M Banks, H Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1979)

recommend prophylactic treatment of the pituitary only where there is definite radiological evidence of a tumour.The early identification of those patients at risk of tumour expansion, and their treatment, clearly requires further study.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction Assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Poor Prognosis Late After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Eric Larose, Peter Ganz, H. Glenn Reynolds, Sharmila Dorbala, Marcelo F. Di Carli, Kenneth A. Brown, Raymond Y. Kwong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
STUDIES OF SOME FACIAL BONES.
Authors: MATTHEW H. CRYER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The experience gained in a hospital devoted to the treatment of diseases of the jaws, face and associated parts, demonstrated to me several years ago that the text-book descriptions of the anatomy of these parts did not correspond closely with numerous observed clinical facts. To clear up the contradictory elements of this subject, I began, some four years ago, to make serial sections of such skulls as I could gain possession of, in all, numbering some hundreds. These studies, some of which have been published, demonstrated that many of the printed, or text-book, description of the parts included, contained matter entirely at variance with observed facts. Finding these printed errors so numerous in the anatomy relating to the parts embraced in the field of oral surgery, it was natural to carry the observations to more distant parts, and I found in them, as will be shown, that errors of description