tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calculating Gentamicin Doses
Authors: JOEL S. RAICHLEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 December 1976Calculating Gentamicin DosesJOEL S. RAICHLENJOEL S. RAICHLENSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-6-827_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent paper by Hull and Sarubbi (Ann Intern Med 85:183-189, 1976) presents a useful method for choosing gentamicin doses that will yield more predictable peak serum levels. An important aspect of this method is the use of lean body weight in determining predicted levels. In their calculations the authors used tables based on height, sex, and age, which provide theaverageweights of insured persons in the United States. For the estimation of a truelean bodyweight, it seems more reasonable to use thedesirableweights based on height, sex, and size of body frame...References1. DIEMLENTNER KC: Documenta Geigy. Scientific Tables, 7th ed. Basel, CIBA-GEIGY Limited, 1970, p. 712 Google Scholar2. SNEDECORCOCHRAN GW: Statistical Methods, 6th ed. Ames, Iowa, Iowa State University Press, 1967 Google Scholar1. DEVINE B: Bentamicin therapy. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 8:650-655, 1974 Google Scholar2. DIEMLENTNER KC: Documenta Scientific Tables, 7th ed. Basel, CIBA-GEIGY Limited, 1970, p. 712 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19174 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByComparison of methods for estimating gentamicin clearance and retrospective analysis of changes in clearance with emphasis on patients with normal renal function. 1 December 1976Volume 85, Issue 6Page: 827-828KeywordsBody weight Issue Published: 1 December 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Control of hospital infection.
Authors: M. Casewell
Journal: BMJ (1989)

likely in the private than the public sector; lengths of stay in the two sectors were not appreciably different; and rates of bed occupancy were much lower in the private than the public sector.There is also a concern that fee for service care may increase discretionary and unnecessary clinical intervention.5None the less, an element of competition between the public and private sectors might highlight areas in which further efficiencies might be made.An expansion of private care has implications for resource allocation and planning within the NHS.Nicholl et al suggest that resource allocation within the NHS should take account of geographical variation in the provision of private care.This may have some merit in terms of equity.It would, however, establish the practice of private funding as a substitute for NHS funding, and it might lead to a downward spiral of standards in the NHS-reduced NHS funding leading to lower standards of care, leading to more people seeking private care, leading to further reductions in NHS funding, and so on.Health service planners will need to decide whether local services should be planned for the total care required for their population or whether plans should include estimates of care that may be given in the private sector.This would require more information than that currently available on the private sector.The difference between the approaches in the volume of services planned may be considerable.More generally, we must formulate our views on the loss of part of the NHS "market" to the private sector.Is the loss a welcome relief for a hard pressed service or should the NHS try to recapture it?
Beta-cell function improved by supplementing basal insulin secretion in mild diabetes.
Authors: R C Turner, S T McCarthy, R R Holman, E Harris
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Insulin supplements, predominantly as a constant basal fish insulin infusion, were given to patients with mild diabetes to reduce the overnight fasting glucose level to normal. The basal plasma human insulin levels were reduced to subnormal levels by the infusion, and the insulin response to intravenous glucose was enhanced. The beta-cell in diabetes seems to be in a vicious circle in which an impaired insulin response to glucose produces hyperglycaemia, which stresses beta-cell function, making it more inefficient. A constant basal insulin supplement to induce basal normoglycaemia may benefit beta-cell function in diabetes.
Targeting Lactate Dehydrogenase-A Inhibits Tumorigenesis and Tumor Progression in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer and Impacts Tumor-Initiating Cells
Authors: Han Xie, Jun-ichi Hanai, Jian-Guo Ren, Lev Kats, Kerri Burgess, Parul Bhargava, Sabina Signoretti, Julia Billiard, Kevin J. Duffy, Aaron Grant, Xiaoen Wang, Pawel K. Lorkiewicz, Sabrina Schatzman, Michael Bousamra, Andrew N. Lane, Richard M. Higashi, Teresa W.M. Fan, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Vikas P. Sukhatme, Pankaj Seth
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Remaining Viable Myocytes of Human Ventricles After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Seiji Hokimoto, Hirofumi Yasue, Kazuteru Fujimoto, Hideyuki Yamamoto, Koichi Nakao, Koichi Kaikita, Ryuzo Sakata, Eishichi Miyamoto
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Local ACE in the heart may be important in the pathophysiological state after myocardial infarction (MI). It is unknown, however, whether ACE is expressed in myocytes of the human heart. Methods and Results Using a newly generated polyclonal antibody to a synthetic peptide corresponding to part of the human endothelial ACE sequence, we examined the localization of ACE in left ventricles of patients (n=10) with MI obtained at left ventricular aneurysmectomy or autopsy and in the hearts of control subjects at autopsy (n=10). The avidin–biotinylated peroxidase complex method was used for the immunohistochemical staining for ACE. In the left ventricles, positively stained myocytes for ACE were found in 8 of the 10 patients with MI. ACE immunoreactivity was seen in the remaining viable myocytes located near the infarct scar of the aneurysmal left ventricle and in nonmyocytes such as fibroblasts, macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells within the scarred tissue. On the other hand, no immunoreactivity for ACE was detected in the ventricular myocytes of all control hearts obtained at autopsy. Conclusions We observe immunohistochemical staining for ACE in the left ventricular myocytes of the region adjacent to the infarct scar and in nonmyocytes. These results indicate that ACE is markedly increased on the edge of the infarct scar and suggest that local ACE may be important in the ventricular remodeling after MI.
Breast Cancer Staging: Working With the Sixth Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual
Authors: S. E. Singletary, J. L. Connolly
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2006)

The sixth edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual contains some of the most extensive and significant revisions that have ever been made in the breast cancer staging system. The principal changes are related to the size, number, location, and method of detection of regional metastases to the lymph nodes. Some changes are related to the growing use of new technology (eg, sentinel lymph node biopsy, immunohistochemical staining, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction), whereas others are amendments of prior staging criteria, reflecting recent clinical evidence or widespread clinical consensus. Available data did not support the addition of new prognostic indicators such as histologic tumor grade to the tumor-node-metastasis system at this time. Future developments in determining breast cancer prognosis will most likely incorporate new approaches to identifying the genetic fingerprint of individual tumors.
Abstract 4915: Global epigenomic modification platform
Authors: Yi-Shiuan Lin, Yu-Wei Leu, Pei-Chi Peggy Hou, I-Wen Teng, Shi-Gang Wang, Yeng-Jeng Shaw, Kuan-Der Lee, Chia-Chen Hsu, Joyce Yu-Hung Hung, Shih-Cheih Lin, H. Sunny Sun, Yu-Sun Chang, Tim H.-M. Huang, Shaw-Jenq Tsai, Shu-Huei Hsiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that governs gene silencing and this silencing could be reversed. Pre-deposited global DNA methylation during differentiation is associated with cell fate determination and abnormal DNA methylation could lead to tumorigenesis. A global DNA methylation manipulation system is thus hypothesized to control the differentiation and tumorigenesis more efficiently. Two platforms were established to loss or gain of DNA methylation genome-wide. For the loss of DNA methylation, an in vivo methylation monitoring system was employed to screen 169 procainamide derivatives and identified three distinct classes of these compounds based on their cytotoxicity and demethylation potency. For the gain of DNA methylation, a global DNA methylation subtraction method was developed to identify and methylate target loci genome-wide. After targeted methylation globally, the drug resistance of cancer cells was reverted to become drug sensitive. The same method was used to identify and methylate the hypomethylated loci within somatic stem cells when compared with the differentiated neuronal cells. The targeted methylation accelerated the differentiation of the somatic stem cell to become neuron-like. With both platforms, we wish to evaluate if global DNA methylation changes is sufficient to steer the cell fate. (Supported in part by NSC 97-2320-B-194-003-MY3, NSC 98-3112-B-194-001 and NSC 97-2627-B-006-003) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4915.
Does the presence of thrombus seen on a coronary angiogram affect the outcome after percutaneous coronary angioplasty? An angiographic trials pool data experience
Authors: Mandeep Singh, Guy S Reeder, E.Magnus Ohman, Verghese Mathew, William B Hillegass, R.David Anderson, Dianne S Gallup, Kirk N Garratt, David R Holmes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Defective polymorphonuclear leukocyte formyl peptide receptor(s) in juvenile periodontitis.
Authors: H D Perez, E Kelly, F Elfman, G Armitage, J Winkler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Juvenile periodontitis (JP) is a disease characterized by severe gingival infections. PMN from some JP patients exhibit abnormal chemotactic responsiveness when challenged with the synthetic formyl peptide, FMLP. While investigating PMN function in JP, we found a patient in whom abnormal PMN chemotactic responses to FMLP were associated with a defective population of PMN formyl peptide receptor(s) (FPR). JP PMN failed to respond chemotactically when challenged with FMLP, but exhibited normal chemotactic responses upon exposure to purified human C5a. Furthermore, JP PMN were capable of degranulating and generating superoxide anion radicals as well as normal PMN upon exposure to FMLP. Binding studies demonstrated that JP PMN had a diminution in the number of high-affinity FPR. Studies in which FPR was radiolabeled by chemical cross-linking demonstrated that JP PMN FPR exhibited the same molecular weight and N-linked glycosylation as normal PMN FPR. JP PMN FPR, however, was more resistant to papain cleavage than normal PMN FPR. Autoradiograms obtained from 2D-PAGE of normal and JP PMN FPR demonstrated decreased amounts of FPR isoforms in JP PMN.
Professionalism — The Next Wave
Authors: Frederic W. Hafferty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In their Medical Education article in the October 26 issue of the Journal, Stern and Papadakis make a number of observations about professionalism and the learning environments in which medical training occurs.1 Like a growing number of medical educators, they recognize that considerable learning (some think most) takes place outside the domain of the formal curriculum and that such learning involves indoctrination in the unwritten rules of studenthood and medical practice.Some medical schools and residency programs have acknowledged the existence of alternative, or shadow, domains of learning, whose lessons are sometimes collectively called the "hidden curriculum," and have accepted . . .
FURTHER STUDIES ON SPECIFIC TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS IN ROUS SARCOMA OF MICE
Authors: Nils Jonsson, Hans O. Sjögren
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Mice allografted with different sarcomas, induced by the Schmidt-Ruppin variant of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV-SR), showed a resistance against subsequent isografting of 9 different Rous sarcomas. Transplantation resistance could also be induced by Rous mouse tumor cells x-irradiated with 8000 r or with cell-free tumor extracts, containing no demonstrable virus. No transplantation resistance could be demonstrated after allograft pretreatment with various polyoma tumors or non-viral tumors. Allograft pretreatment with Rous tumors induced no demonstrable resistance against isografting of polyoma tumors. Inoculation of RSV-SR or Rous chicken sarcoma suspension into adult mice gave no clear cut resistance against isografting of mouse sarcomas. Neither after allografting of Rous tumors nor after virus or chicken sarcoma inoculation into adult mice could virus-neutralizing activity be demonstrated in the sera. The results demonstrate the presence of common, specific transplantation antigen(s) in different Rous sarcomas in mice and speak against an identity between the transplantation antigen(s) and viral antigen(s).
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. Impaired fatty alcohol oxidation in cultured fibroblasts due to deficient fatty alcohol:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase activity.
Authors: W B Rizzo, A L Dammann, D A Craft
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Lipid metabolism was studied in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with the inherited disorder, Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS). Intact SLS fibroblasts incubated in the presence of [1-14C]palmitate accumulated more radioactive hexadecanol than did normal cells, whereas incorporation of radioactivity into other cellular lipids was unaltered. The hexadecanol content of SLS fibroblasts was abnormally elevated. Hexadecanol accumulation was not due to increased fatty alcohol synthesis nor its deficient utilization for glycerol ether synthesis. The half-life of intracellular hexadecanol loaded into SLS fibroblasts was increased (70 min) compared with normal (15 min), and intact SLS fibroblasts showed impaired oxidation of [14C]-hexadecanol to fatty acid. Fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, the enzyme catalyzing this reaction, was deficient in SLS fibroblasts. Mean total activity in SLS fibroblasts (n = 5) was 13% of that in normal fibroblasts, and palmitoyl CoA-inhibitable activity was 1% of normal. Fibroblasts from two obligate SLS heterozygotes had enzyme activities intermediate between that in normal fibroblasts and individuals with SLS. These results suggest that the primary defect in SLS is deficiency of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. SLS represents the first inherited disorder in man associated with an isolated abnormality in fatty alcohol metabolism.
Action of Dinitrophenol and Lanatoside C on the Canine Heart-Lung Preparation
Authors: E. ROTHLIN, M. TAESCHLER, A. CERLETTI
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Dinitrophenol (DNP) induces failure of the canine heart-lung-preparation and increases specifically its O 2 -consumption. Lanatoside C compensates this failure as long as the degree of dinitrophenol poisoning is moderate and the O 2 -supply sufficiently ample. This cardiac glycoside does not influence the metabolic action of dinitrophenol, i.e. the increased O 2 -consumption, nor does it counteract the failure due to a large degree of dinitrophenol poisoning. From these findings the mechanism of action of Lanatoside C is discussed.
Prevention of headache after lumbar puncture: questionnaire survey of neurologists and neurosurgeons in United Kingdom:
Authors: M G Serpell, G J Haldane, D R S Jamieson, D Carson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The aetiology of headache after lumbar puncture is related to the hole left in the dura after the needle has been withdrawn, which allows the cerebrospinal fluid to leak out of the subarachnoid space.The headache can persist for prolonged periods and predispose to subdural haematomas, which are associated with a high mortality.Tourtellotte showed that this headache could be significantly reduced by using smaller needles. 1 Also, among needles of the same size, those with atraumatic blunt tips are associated with a lower incidence of headache.They produce a smaller hole in the dura by separating rather than cutting the elastic fibres, as occurs with the Quincke tipped needles. 2 We carried out a questionnaire survey of departments of neurology and neurosurgery to see if these needles were used in the practice of diagnostic lumbar puncture and to assess how else departments may be trying to prevent headaches after lumbar puncture.
Carpal tunnel syndrome and hormone replacement therapy.
Authors: G. M. Hall, T. D. Spector, J. W. Studd
Journal: BMJ (1992)

It is therefore disquieting that manifestly disorders and to assess the response to hormone We found that 14% of our patients had fibro- inappropriate confidence intervals, presented by replacement therapy.For each.patient 10 somatic myalgia, and low oestrogen concentrations were Paul J Turnbull and colleagues in their paper and psychosomatic menopausal symptoms were seen in those with persistent symptoms.Gestrogen on the prevalence of HIV infection among ex-graded 0-3 (0= none, 3=severe).The pain scores withdrawal lessens rapid eye movement sleep and prisoners, passed the editorial process.'The usual (graded 0-3 for each joint) that had been sympto-heightens depression,' both of which are associated asymptotic formula of p± 1-96 SE, which produces matic for three months within the past three years with fibromyalgia, and hormone replacement a symmetric interval, yields inappropriate limits were totalled.Patients completed visual analogue therapy seems a logical option in this group.for proportions such as prevalences when the scales for pain (0-10O cm) and were examined by the Although there is undoubtedly a strong placebo number of positive results is low: a negative lower same observer for evidence of rheumatic disorders.effect with hormone replacement therapy' and limit can occur, uninterpretable as a "margin of joints were scored for tenderness (0-3).The carpal our study was uncontrolled with few patients, error."When the observed proportion is 0 the tunnel syndrome was diagnosed according to the hormone replacement therapy seemed to be highly symmetric method produces the interval 0 to 0, criteria of the American State Health Department,' efficacious in many patients, suggesting the need irrespective of the preset confidence interval; and one point was scored for the presence of each of for further randomised studies.Many common Turnbull and colleagues have shied away from Tinel's and Phalen's signs and median nerve rheumatological disorders, including the carpal quoting this degenerate interval for the prevalence sensory loss in each arm (maximum 6).Modified tunnel syndrome, seen in middle aged women in homosexual/bisexual men (0 out of 20 sampled), criteria of Yunus et al were used to diagnose may be part of the climacteric syndrome, for for which an upper limit of zero is singularly fibromyalgial and a count of tender points used which hormone replacement therapy should be inappropriate.(0-14).Patients were then assessed by a gynae-encouraged.An "exact" but more complex method is recoin-cologist, and oestrogens (subcutaneous implant,
Collective Bargaining is the Right Step
Authors: A C Yacht
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

On November 26, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ruled that interns and residents in private hospitals are considered under federal law to be employees, rather than students, and therefore have the right to form unions and engage in collective bargaining. This ruling overturned a controversial 1976 decision by the NLRB that blocked the house staff at Cedars–Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles from organizing a union.1 After the 1976 ruling, several private hospitals that had previously recognized collective-bargaining rights of their residents withdrew their recognition of house-staff unions. At the same time, however, residents at public institutions, who were . . .
Screening for intrauterine growth retardation using ratio of mid-arm circumference to occipitofrontal circumference
Authors: S. J Rose
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Australia supports the concept that lesions in Australia have a better prognosis than those in Oxford because they are diagnosed at an earlier stage owing to greater public and professional awareness.4At Queen's University, Belfast, we have now started a teaching programme to improve the recognition ofmelanomas by medical students.We plan to extend this into the postgraduate educational programme for general practitioners and other doctors.The public should also be made more aware of the possible dangers inherent in certain types of pigmented lesions and the curability of melanoma in its early stages.Un- necessary deaths can be prevented.
Ray Meta: scalable de novo metagenome assembly and profiling
Authors: Sébastien Boisvert, Frédéric Raymond, Élénie Godzaridis, François Laviolette, Jacques Corbeil
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Abstracta Voluminous parallel sequencing datasets, especially metagenomic experiments, require distributed computing for de novo assembly and taxonomic profiling. Ray Meta is a massively distributed metagenome assembler that is coupled with Ray Communities, which profiles microbiomes based on uniquely-colored k-mers. It can accurately assemble and profile a three billion read metagenomic experiment representing 1,000 bacterial genomes of uneven proportions in 15 hours with 1,024 processor cores, using only 1.5 GB per core. The software will facilitate the processing of large and complex datasets, and will help in generating biological insights for specific environments. Ray Meta is open source and available at http://denovoassembler.sf.net .
Research bureaucracy in the United Kingdom: Practical example illustrates problems of ethical review of genetics
Authors: Patrick Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Increasingly, genetic testing for newly discovered or recognised genes is only available in certain laboratories in the world. From 2000-3 I have on average each year submitted four full submissions and four “annex D” forms (these allow me to participate in someone else's medical research ethics committee proposal locally). Each full submission took four hours, and each annex D two hours. Most proposals allowed DNA analysis in a research study for clinical benefit as testing was not available in the …
Corrigendum to “Toxoplasmosis following alemtuzumab based allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation” [Journal of Infection 54 (2007) e83–e86]
Authors: ZiYi Lim, Bob Baker, Mark Zuckerman, Jim J. Wade, Mansour Ceesay, Aloysius Y.L. Ho, Stephen Devereux, Ghulam J. Mufti, Antonio Pagliuca
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)