tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Integrate health services for refugees into national healthcare, says UN report
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Health services for refugees need to be integrated into the national healthcare systems of host countries, in a bid to alleviate the pressures of trying to meet the needs of millions of uprooted people, almost half of whom live outside designated camps, says a report by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

The report, which covers the agency’s health activities for 2010, says that in Pakistan, where more than 64 health facilities in Afghan refugee camps provide healthcare services to more than a million refugees and adjoining local host communities, the way forward is “to mainstream” refugee programmes into public health services.

Many refugees are likely to …
“Culture of Life” Politics at the Bedside — The Case of Terri Schiavo
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The parents of Terri Schiavo, a Florida woman who was in a persistent vegetative state, objected to her husband's decision to discontinue artificial nutrition, and a protracted legal battle ensued. The Florida courts ordered the removal of Schiavo's feeding tube to provide care consistent with her wishes. The judicial decisions in the Schiavo case were consistent with legal precedent, but the interference in the case by the legislative and executive branches of the Florida and U.S. governments was unprecedented.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Colitis
Authors: George Triadafilopoulos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Figure 1. A 62-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and a sigmoid-colostomy output of more than 1 liter of stool per day while receiving cefazolin for aspiration pneumonia. The colostomy was temporary and had been placed after surgery for diverticulitis. Abdominal examination revealed a distended and mildly tender abdomen with hypoactive bowel sounds. Inspection of the stoma revealed multiple small (2 to 5 mm) whitish-yellow plaques covering a hyperemic, prolapsing, and edematous colonic mucosa (Panel A). Colonoscopy through the stoma revealed similar changes in segments of the transverse colon (Panel B) and cecum (Panel C). Biopsy demonstrated focal ulcerations of . . .
Cloning of a Novel Chemoattractant Receptor Activated by Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> and Used by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Infect CD4-positive Immune Cells
Authors: CHRISTER OWMAN, ALAN SABIRSH, ALFREDO GARZINO-DEMO, FIORENZA COCCHI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represents the most widely distributed group of membrane receptors in eukaryotic cells (1). These receptors receive chemical signals that consist of molecules of considerable diversity that are released from a great variety of cellular sources. The receptor protein usually consists of some 350-450 amino acid residues, which are arranged as a serpentine-like structure, which runs in and out through the cell membrane seven times-hence the name seven-transmembrane (7TM) or heptahelix receptor. The ligands bind in a varying manner to the N-terminal tail and the extracellular loops, with important contributions also from the deeper helix regions within the cell membrane. Further signaling within the cell is mediated through binding of intracellular receptor domains to the heterotrimeric G proteins. The exceedingly rapid development during the last decade in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of GPCRs has to a large extent been based on the cloning and characterization of cDNA and genes encoding these receptors. In this way, entirely unexpected types of receptors have been detected, for example, the cannabinoid receptor (2). It has also been found that the whole odorant system is based on hundreds of genes encoding GPCRs that are expressed in the olfactory epithelium (3). Despite knowledge about the existence of the leukotrienes for more than two decades (4), the cDNA encoding the first leukotriene receptor was not cloned until recently (5) and, at about the same time, it was sensationally shown that two GPCRs serve as cofactors necessary for the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into the CD4-positive cells of the immune system (6).
Oestrogens for menopausal flushing
Authors: A. Klopper
Journal: BMJ (1976)

suggested by Mr Pearson and Miss Weaver, record many fewer movements per unit time than when they record for shorter periods.Presumably this is an effect of fatigue and reduced alertness.Recording during meals, conversation, reading, listening to music, etc, is not reliable.We instruct the women to assess and record each fetal movement for periods of 30-60 min three times a day.If the number of movements is less than three per hour the recording is continued for 6-12 hours in the day.From the sum of the movements recorded the rate per 12 hours-daily fetal movement recording (DFMR)-is calculated.Employing this method for a total of 1 5-3 hours a day the computed DFMR in 114 women with a normal outcome varied between 4 and 1440 per 12 hours.The majority of DFMRs were between 200 and 600 per 12 hours.In addition, the number of fetal movements recorded by an electromagnetic device' varied between 25 and 235 per hour.The patients recorded 87'. of
Regulation of monocyte subset systemic levels by distinct chemokine receptors controls post-ischaemic neovascularization
Authors: C. Cochain, M. P. Rodero, J. Vilar, A. Recalde, A. L. Richart, C. Loinard, Y. Zouggari, C. Guerin, M. Duriez, B. Combadiere, L. Poupel, B. I. Levy, Z. Mallat, C. Combadiere, J.-S. Silvestre
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Monocyte systemic levels are known to be a major determinant of ischaemic tissue revascularization, but the mechanisms mediating mobilization of different monocyte subsets—Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo—to the blood and their respective role in post-ischaemic neovascularization are not clearly understood. Here, we hypothesized that distinct chemokine/chemokine receptor pathways, namely CCL2/CCR2, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, and CCL5/CCR5, differentially control monocyte subset systemic levels, and might thus impact post-ischaemic vessel growth. In a model of murine hindlimb ischaemia, both Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo monocyte circulating levels were increased after femoral artery ligation. CCL2/CCR2 activation enhanced blood Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo monocyte counts, although the opposite effect was seen in mice with CCL2 or CCR2 deficiency. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 strongly impacted Ly6Clo monocyte levels, whereas CCL5/CCR5 had no role. Only CCL2/CCR2 signalling influenced neovascularization, which was increased in mice overexpressing CCL2, whereas it markedly decreased in CCL2−/− mice. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Ly6Chi—but not Ly6Clo—monocytes enhanced vessel growth and blood flow recovery. Altogether, our data demonstrate that regulation of proangiogenic Ly6Chi monocytes systemic levels by CCL2/CCR2 controls post-ischaemic vessel growth, whereas Ly6Clo monocytes have no major role in this setting.
Medical graduates' early career choices of specialty and their eventual specialty destinations: UK prospective cohort studies
Authors: M. J. Goldacre, L. Laxton, T. W. Lambert
Journal: BMJ (2010)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rate of vitamin D in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO). BACKGROUND The vitamin D is known to act in the immune system by an immunomodulatory effect by regulating protein synthesis. The potential role of its deficiency as an environmental risk to develop multiple sclerosis (MS) is well known but its role in NMO is currently understudied. METHODS We performed a prospective multicenter study in France (Strasbourg) and in Morocco (Casablanca) evaluating the rate of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in a cohort of NMO patients according to the 2006 Wingerchuk criteria comparing to a population of MS patients and a population with a non-neurological systemic autoimmune disease: the systemic sclerosis. RESULTS The mean rate of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in NMO patients (n=31) was of 19.5 ng/ml that is a decrease of 35% compared to the lower limit of normal rate (30 to 80 ng/ml) and 25 patients (80,6%) with NMO had a rate less than 30 ng/ml. Mean rate of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D was 19,6 ng/ml in MS patients (n=55) and 17.7 ng/ml in patients with systemic sclerosis (n=22). 44 MS patients (80%) and 18 patients (81.8%) with systemic sclerosis had a rate less than 30 ng/ml. The difference between the rate of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D of NMO patients was not significantly different from this of patient with MS or systemic sclerosis. There was no difference between the mean rate of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D of French or Moroccan patients. DISCUSSION This study shows a vitamin D deficiency in patients with NMO both in France and in Morocco but a similar rate as in the patients with MS or with systemic sclerosis. The role of vitamin D deficiency in the development of autoimmune diseases and precisely in NMO has yet to be clarified, but a screening of deficiency and a vitamin D supplementation appears to be useful in these patients, particularly because of the high doses of corticosteroids with which they can be treated. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Kremer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Slassi Sennou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Benkirane has nothing to disclose. Dr. Araqi Houssaini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Collongues has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chanson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blanc has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Novartis, Janssen-Cilag, Eisai Inc., Bayer Schering Pharma, Teva Neuroscience, Merck &amp; Co. Inc., and Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Fleury has nothing to disclose. Dr. Theulin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Javier has nothing to disclose. Dr. De Seze has nothing to disclose.
Nitric oxide suppression of human hematopoiesis in vitro. Contribution to inhibitory action of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Authors: J P Maciejewski, C Selleri, T Sato, H J Cho, L K Keefer, C F Nathan, N S Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, potent inhibitors of hematopoiesis, induce nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in various cell types. When normal human bone marrow (BM) or CD34+ cells were exposed to NO, inhibition of colony formation was dose dependent and direct. NO induced apoptosis in BM progenitors, as shown by electrophoretic detection of DNA degradation and deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay. Using PCR and immunoprecipitation, we found inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA and iNOS protein in BM after stimulation with IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha. iNOS mRNA was also detected by PCR in highly purified CD34+ cells; TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma increased iNOS expression. The presence of iNOS in CD34+ cells was confirmed in single cells by immunochemical staining. NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine (MM-Arg), an NOS inhibitor, partially reversed the effects of TNF-alpha and, to a lesser extent, IFN-gamma in methylcellulose culture of total BM and CD34+ cells, and inhibited apoptosis of BM cells induced by these cytokines. When the effects of competitive iNOS inhibition were tested on more immature progenitors, MM-Arg increased the number of long-term BM culture-initiating cells in control cultures but failed to protect these cells from the inhibitory action of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Our results suggest that NO may be one mediator of cytokine-induced hematopoietic suppression.
Abstract 370: Tetrazine trans-cyclooctene ligation: An efficient 18F labeling method for cysteine containing peptides and proteins
Authors: Zibo Li, Shuanglong Liu, Matt Hassink, Ramajeyam Selvaraj, Li-peng Yap, Xiaoyuan Chen, Joseph M. Fox, Peter S. Conti
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract 18F PET has a number of attributes that make it clinically attractive, including almost 100% positron efficiency, very high specific radioactivity, and short half-life of ∼110 min. However, the short half-life of 18F and the poor nucleophilicity of fluoride make it difficult to incorporate 18F in complex molecules. Recently, the tetrazine-trans-cyclooctene ligation has been introduced as a novel 18F labeling method that proceeds with fast reaction rates without any catalysis. To further explore the scope of this reaction, herein we reported an efficient method for 18F-lableing of free cysteine-containing bioligands based on the tetrazine-trans-cyclooctene ligation. The newly developed method was tested for site specific labeling of both c(RGDyC) and VEGF-SH protein. Starting with 4 mCi of 18F-trans-cyclooctene and only 10 μg of tetrazine-RGD (80-100 µM) or 15 μg of tetrazine-VEGF (6.0 µM), the 18F labeled RGD peptide or VEGF protein could be obtained in 95% yield and 75% yield within five minutes. The obtained tracers were then evaluated in small animals. In conclusion, a highly efficient method has been developed for site-specific 18F labeling of cysteine containing peptides and proteins. The special characteristics of the tetrazine-trans-cyclooctene ligation provide unprecedented opportunities to synthesize 18F-labeled probes with high specific activity for PET applications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 370. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-370
Exercise-induced Asthma-Reply
Authors: C. Warren Bierman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Dr Weinberger brings up a number of issues concerning the pharmacologic management of exercise-induced bronchospasm. The purpose of our study was to examine the therapy of exercise-induced bronchospasm with single drugs and drug combinations in dosages usually prescribed by physicians and in dosages recommended in the package insert. It was not designed to provide information on optimal therapy of exercise-induced bronchospasm or an in-depth review of its pharmacologic management. Readers interested in these subjects are directed to a<i>Symposium on Exercise and Asthma</i>, published as a supplement to Pediatrics, vol 56, No. 5, pt 2, November 1975, which is available from the American Academy of Pediatrics, 1801 Hinman Ave, Evanston, Ill, for $2. We agree that theophylline, in dosages yielding serum levels of 10μg/ml to 20μg/ml, may be extremely effective in exercise-induced bronchospasm but are aware that adequate monitoring of theophylline levels is often not possible for the
An anatomic gene expression atlas of the adult mouse brain
Authors: Lydia Ng, Amy Bernard, Chris Lau, Caroline C Overly, Hong-Wei Dong, Chihchau Kuan, Sayan Pathak, Susan M Sunkin, Chinh Dang, Jason W Bohland, Hemant Bokil, Partha P Mitra, Luis Puelles, John Hohmann, David J Anderson, Ed S Lein, Allan R Jones, Michael Hawrylycz
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
Effects of Breathing 10 Per Cent Carbon Dioxide on the Pulmonary Circulation of Human Subjects
Authors: K. H. KILBURN, T. ASMUNDSSON, R. C. BRITT, R. CARDON
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The effects on the pulmonary circulation of breathing 10% CO 2 for 10 to 20 min were studied in five eucapnic and 11 convalescing hypercapnic patients to recreate the CO 2 tensions which they had experienced during respiratory failure. Right heart catheterization permitted measurements of pulmonary arterial and wedge pressures and obtaining samples of mixed venous blood. Breathing CO 2 increased mean pulmonary arterial pressures from 33 to 50 mm Hg (52%); pulmonary arterial wedge pressures were unchanged, and cardiac output increased only 22%. In three hypercapnic and two eucapnic subjects reduction of blood hydrogen ion levels by rapid infusion of 120 to 135 mEq NaHCO 3 during CO 2 breathing did not lower pulmonary arterial pressure significantly, nor raise cardiac output. Neither vascular pressures nor cardiac outputs changed during oxygen breathing. Larger increases in cardiac output, which were produced by exercise, raised pulmonary artery pressure only half as much as breathing 10% CO 2 did. Therefore, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) that was elevated to an average of 4.8 mm Hg/L/min at rest while breathing air was increased to 6.5 mm Hg/L/min during CO 2 breathing ( P &lt;0.01). In contrast, PVR was unchanged (4.6 mm Hg/L/min) during exercise. This difference between PVR while breathing CO 2 and during exercise was statistically significant ( P &lt;0.02). Restoration of the pH of the blood toward normal by the infusion of bicarbonate during breathing of CO 2 raised the pulmonary arterial pressure. The five eucapnic subjects showed similar changes during CO 2 breathing and exercise, although their base-line values were significantly different. The differences were due, at least in part, to lower Paco 2 . This evidence suggests that CO 2 acts on pulmonary arterioles and capillaries that are exposed to alveolar gases to increase the pulmonary vascular impedance.
The deaf adult
Authors: J. B. DeHoff
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  There is  only a Problem of the Deaf Child, as noted inThe Journal(221:303, 1972), but there is also the problem of the deaf people.  Deafness evokes rejection behavior from the person who cannot hear and from the person who cannot make himself understood. Older deaf people reject hearing aids or use them improperly, and even partially deaf people are subject to reprimand or accusations of not listening.  For the blind, all sorts of organizations, aids, and sympathy are available. Partial blindness, with the possible exception of myopia, is recognized as a serious handicap.  Can it be that our profession shares a responsibility for those divergent attitudes toward two crippling conditions, deafness and blindness? Is it perhaps due to the fact that Snellen charts are inexpensive and audiometers expensive? Have we, as a profession, more to offer the blind than the deaf?
Turnip rape and oilseed rape are new potential food allergens in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: S. Poikonen, T. J. Puumalainen, H. Kautiainen, P. Burri, T. Palosuo, T. Reunala, K. Turjanmaa
Journal: Allergy (2005)

When skin prick testing (SPT) young children with atopic dermatitis (AD) for suspected food allergy, we frequently found positive reactions with turnip rape (Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We performed food challenge to examine whether these children react clinically to turnip rape.A total of 1887 children were screened with SPTs for sensitization to turnip rape and oilseed rape. Twenty-eight children with clearly positive SPT (> or =5 mm) were first subjected to labial challenge with turnip rape seeds followed, if negative, by open oral challenge for up to 7 days. Twenty-five children with AD but negative SPT to turnip rape and oilseed rape served as controls.Two-hundred and six (10.9%) children had positive SPT to turnip rape and/or oilseed rape. Twenty-five (89%) of 28 children showed a positive challenge reaction to turnip rape. Seventeen reacted with labial whealing, and eight in oral challenge with facial urticaria, flare-up of AD or abdominal symptoms. All 25 control children remained negative in the labial challenge.Turnip rape and oilseed rape seem to be new important food allergens in young children with AD. The modes of exposure to these allergens and the possible routes of sensitization remain to be established.
Production of Ulcerated Atherosclerotic Lesions in Cockerels
Authors: Ruth Pick, Louis N. Katz, Dolores Century, Philip J. Johnson
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

1. Ulcerated abdominal aorta and coronary lesions have been produced in cockerels. 2. The prerequisite for ulceration is a lesion previously induced by a high-cholesterol, high-fat, low-protein diet, followed by the administration of large doses of estrogens. 3. The possible mechanisms leading to ulceration have been discussed.
When the Scalpel Sharpens the Pen
Authors: Frank G. Slaughter
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The curiosity of the public about things medical is probably greater than on any other single subject—except perhaps sex. Fortunately, a novelist willing to undertake the grueling discipline necessary to learn his trade can combine the two to his considerable benefit. And if he is lucky enough to have had a medical education and the experience of practice, with the understanding of human nature which these always generate, his chances of success are considerably increased. When does the story-telling instinct begin? Perhaps at conception; certainly the capacity to recognize instinctively those dramatic situations which lie at the heart of all fiction, whatever the medium, seems to be the only part of the writer's skill that cannot be learned. And even when it exists, it must be sharpened. Storytellers are always story-lovers. My own love affair with dramatic stories undoubtedly began when, while still a small boy, I discovered a stack
Flaxseed oil does not affect inflammatory markers and lipid profile compared to olive oil, in young, healthy, normal weight adults
Authors: Meropi D. Kontogianni, Antonis Vlassopoulos, Alexandra Gatzieva, Aliki-Eleni Farmaki, Stergios Katsiougiannis, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Nick Kalogeropoulos, Fotini N. Skopouli
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Fluphenazine enanthate in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.
Authors: M. Silverman, W. P. Lopes
Journal: BMJ (1968)

JUNWales 44% of the men and 56% of the women who committed suicide used coal gas.McCulloch, Philip, and Carstairs (1967)2 re- ported that of the 216 suicides in Edinburgh in the years 1963-5 40% were due to coal gas, the proportion being the same for both sexes.Your opening sentence should thus have referred to common methods in com- pleted suicides.The last paragraph of your leading article indicates that the neurological prognosis of patients who have inhaled carbon monoxide is generally good, and with this we would agree; but you close with the sentence: " It is a paradox that many patients might not wish it so."You have failed to appreciate that the vast majority of poisoned patients do not wish to kill themselves, and the motive is unknown for many who die.Kessell pro- posed the term " self-poisoning " as being more appropriate than " attempted suicide," as he considers the latter not only misleading but positively wrong.If these acts have a purpose it is nearly always to alter the social situation, rather than self-destruction.-Weare, etc.,