tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unilateral Versus Bilateral Internal Mammary Revascularization
Authors: Leith R.S. Dewar, W.R. Eric Jamieson, Michael T. Janusz, Manouchehr Adeli-Sardo, Eva Germann, Joan S. MacNab, G. Frank O. Tyers
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The influence of unilateral (UL) and bilateral (BL) mammary artery revascularization, within age groups < or = 60 years and > 60 years, on patient survival, ischemic-related events, and interventional management was studied in 1142 patients who had coronary artery bypass graft surgery between 1984 and 1992.UL revascularization was performed in 765 (67%) and BL in 377 (33%) patients with supplemental vein grafts. The overall early and hospital mortality rate was 2.7%. For UL in the age group < or = 60 years, it was 1.1%; for BL < or = 60 years, 1.3% (P = NS); for UL > 60 years, 4.3%; and for BL > 60 years, 2.8% (P = NS). Twenty-five preoperative patient characteristics representing demographics, extent of disease, concomitant disease, ventricular dysfunction, previous surgery, and status did not differentiate the patient groups (P = NS). Patient survival at 5 years was not different: 94% for UL < or = 60 years, 95% for BL < or = 60 years, 91% for UL > 60 years, and 86% for BL > 60 years (P = NS). The freedom from ischemic-related events was not different at 5 years (P = NS). The freedom from recurrent angina was 78% for UL < or = 60 years, 88% for BL < or = 60 years, 82% for UL > 60 years, and 83% for BL > 60 years (P = NS). The myocardial infarction freedom was 98% for UL < or = 60 years, 96% for BL < or = 60 years, 99% for UL > 60 years, and 97% for BL > 60 years (P = NS). The freedom from sudden unexpected death and cardiac death did not differentiate the groups (P = NS). The freedom from angioplasty and reoperation did not differentiate the groups (P = NS). The freedom from all ischemic-related and interventional events was 76% for UL < or = 60 years, 84% for BL < or = 60 years, 81% for UL > 60 years, and 79% for BL > 60 years (P = NS). A trend exists for less angina pectoris in the bilateral population < or = 60 years, which reflects in the trend in the freedom from overall events.UL and BL mammary artery revascularizations have the same early mortality regardless of age but do not reveal any advantage for BL revascularization at 5 to 7 years.
P9 Cough Is Prevalent In Higher Proportion Of Older Patients With Both Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis And Non-specific Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: G. Saini, T. McKeever, R. Braybrooke, R. Hubbard, G. Jenkins, R. Marshall, P. Lukey, J. Simpson
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cough is a major symptom of Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive, fatal lung disease with median survival of 3 years. The first study to suggest cough as an independent predictor of disease progression, reported it in 84% of the population.<sup>1</sup> The only study to quantify cough in 19 IPF patients, reported strong correlation between objective cough counts and cough related quality of life<sup>2</sup> There is a lack of studies investigating the prevalence, pathogenesis or treatment of cough in IPF. We set up a study to evaluate the prevalence of cough in an incident IPF and Non specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) population. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective, multi-centre, observational, cohort study, PROFILE-Central England (September 2009 to June 2014) was set up. Patients had a diagnosis of definite or probable IPF or NSIP based on the ATS consensus. Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ) was used to assess presence or absence of cough at baseline. Furthermore,the cohort was divided into 3 groups to assess severity of cough: Mild (17–20), Moderate (11–16.9) and Severe (&lt;11). <h3>Results</h3> 312 incident patients with IPF or NSIP were enrolled. 261/312(83.6%) patients had incident IPF whilst 51/312(16.4%) had NSIP. The mean age of the cohort was 73.5 years (35–90 years). 235/312(76%) were males with mean age 73.7 years (47–90 years); 74/312(24%) were females with mean age of 72.9 years (35.8–88.8 years). 261/312(83.6%) reported cough compared with 51/312(16.4%) who reported no cough. Of the patients who reported cough, 45/261(17.2%) had severe cough, 112/261(42.9%) had moderate cough and 104/261(39.8%) had mild cough. There was no effect of gender, however, older cohort reported more cough (age &gt;55 years; p = 0.014). Smoking may be a confounder, however the number of current smokers in the cohort is too small (p = 0.05). Interestingly both NSIP and IPF cohort reported cough; however, proportionally NSIP patients have less cough (14/51,27.4%) compared with IPF (37/261, 14%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Cough occurs in a huge majority of patients with both IPF and NSIP. Cough appears to be a greater problem in older patients. <h3>References</h3> Ryerson CJ <i>et al</i>. Cough predicts prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. <i>Respirology</i>. 2011 Aug;16(6):969–75 Key AL <i>et al</i>. Objective cough frequency in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. <i>Cough</i>. 2010;6:4
Exercise-Augmented Dipyridamole Thallium Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: R. G. MCLEAN, R. J. MACAULEY, F. MURTON, R. CUMMING
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors report a case in which exercise-augmented dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy demonstrated a perfusion defect, confirmed by coronary angiography, which was not shown by a previous satisfactory maximal exercise thallium study.
1111 EFFECT OF PEGYLATED INTERFERON LAMBDA-1A ON LOW DENSIY LIPOPROTEIN AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS IN A PHASE 2B STUDY
Authors: J.A. Freeman, R.C. Bittner, J.C. Lopez-Talavera, D. Fontana, M. Horga, J. Hillson, M. Wind-Rotolo, V. Kansra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Acquisition of Apoptotic Resistance in Cadmium-Transformed Human Prostate Epithelial Cells: Bcl-2 Overexpression Blocks the Activation of JNK Signal Transduction Pathway
Authors: Wei Qu, Hengning Ke, Jingbo Pi, Daniel Broderick, John E. French, Mukta M. Webber, Michael P. Waalkes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundWe have recently shown that cadmium can induce malignant transformation of the human prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1) and that these cadmium-transformed prostate epithelial (CTPE) cells acquire apoptotic resistance concurrently with malignant phenotype.ObjectiveThe present study was designed to define the mechanism of acquired apoptotic resistance in CTPE cells.MethodsVarious molecular events associated with apoptosis were assessed in control and CTPE cells that were obtained after 8 weeks of continuous cadmium exposure.ResultsCompared with control, CTPE cells showed a generalized resistance to apoptosis induced by cadmium, cisplatin, or etoposide. Signal-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK1 and JNK2), and p38 were phosphorylated in a cadmium concentration-dependent fashion in CTPE and control cells. However, phosphorylated JNK1/2 levels and JNK kinase activity were much lower in CTPE cells. The pro-apoptotic gene Bax showed lower transcript and protein levels, whereas the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 showed higher levels in CTPE cells. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, a key determinant in apoptotic commitment, increased more than 4-fold in CTPE cells. In Bcl-2–transfected PT-67 cells, phosphorylated JNK1/2 levels were much lower after apoptogenic stimulus, and apoptosis induced by cadmium or etoposide was reduced compared with control. Mutation of tyrosine to serine at the 21st amino acid of the Bcl-2 protein BH4 domain resulted in a loss both of suppression of JNK1/2 phosphorylation and its anti-apoptotic function.ConclusionsCTPE cells become resistant to apoptosis during malignant transformation, and disruption of the JNK pathway and Bcl-2 overexpression play important roles in this resistance. Bcl-2 BH4 domain is required for modulating JNK phosphorylation and anti-apoptotic function.
Hepatitis C virus: Specificity and clinical significance of anti-C-100-3 and partial characterization of an Italian isolate
Authors: M. Baldi, F. Oliveri, G. Saracco, M.R. Brucetto, P. Manzini, C. Lavarini, G. Touscoz, S. Brillanti, M. Bizzetto, G. Verge, L. Veiner, S.M. Boughton, F. Bonino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Advantages and applications of the centerline method for characterizing regional ventricular function.
Authors: F H Sheehan, E L Bolson, H T Dodge, D G Mathey, J Schofer, H W Woo
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We sought to identify theoretical advantages and applications of the centerline method for quantitative assessment of regional ventricular function. Motion was measured along 100 chords constructed perpendicular to a centerline drawn midway between the end-diastolic and end-systolic contours, and normalized for heart size. Abnormality was expressed in units of standard deviations from the mean motion in a normal reference population to indicate both the severity and significance of the wall motion abnormality. The mean abnormality averaged over 100 chords correlated highly with the area ejection fraction (r = .97). The centerline method uses a "sliding window" to measure motion where it is abnormal, because assessment of wall motion in predefined regions of the ventricular contour underestimates abnormality. From the 100 data points, the extent (% of contour) of regional abnormalities can also be determined. The severity of hypokinesis at the site of acute myocardial infarction correlated better with infarct size estimated from creatine kinase release (r = -.78) than did the ejection fraction or the circumferential extent of hypokinesis. Because the centerline method measures motion along locally determined vectors, and requires no apex, origin, coordinate system, or geometric reference figure, it can be applied to contours as dissimilar as the 60 degree left anterior oblique projection of the left ventricle and the 75 degree left anterior oblique projection of the right ventricle.
Survey of whether general practitioners carry aspirin in their doctor's bag
Authors: M Moher, D Moher, P Havelock
Journal: BMJ (1994)

relevant details regarding the patients, use of opiate analgesia and aspirin, and presence of chest pain were recorded.Serial cardiac enzyme measurements and electrocardiograms were used to establish a final diagnosis.One hundred and thirty three of the patients (83%) were referred by general practitioners either directly to coronary care (n=91) or via the casualty department (n= 42).A total of 66 ofthem had a discharge diagnosis of myocardial infarction.The administration of opiates and aspirin to the total group and to the subgroup with infarcts is summarised in the table.Isolated rises in creatine kinase activity were observed in four out of 10 patients who did not have a myocardial infarction but who had received intramuscular analgesia.No haema- tomas were detected in the seven patients who received both intramuscular opiate and thrombolytic therapy.Patients referred on account ofsuspected myocardial infarction No (O/o) receiving No (%/6) who after treatment treatment a, b, or c were pain free on arrival Total Subtotal with with Patients Patients suspected definite with with infarcts infarcts suspected definite Treatment given (n= 133) (n-66) infarcts infarcts (a) Intravenous opiate 28 (21) 12 (18) 14 (50) 6 (50) (b) Intramuscular opiate 19 (14) 9 (14) 7 (37) 3 (33) (c) No opiate 86 (65) 45 (68) 28 (33) 11 (24) Aspirin 4 (3) 0 --
Cigarette smoke creates an unstable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype by enhancing vascular oxidative stress, increasing vascular endothelial growth factor expression and producing collagen loss in apo E -/- mice
Authors: Takeo Anazawa, Juliana Yano, Xioaning Zhao, Sanjay Kaul, Paul Dimayuga, Kuang-Yuh Chyu, Bojan Cercek, Prediman K. Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Detection of acute leukemia cells with mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibody 7.1
Authors: C Wuchter, J Harbott, C Schoch, S Schnittger, A Borkhardt, L Karawajew, R Ratei, V Ruppert, T Haferlach, U Creutzig, B Dörken, W-D Ludwig
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Riedel Thyroiditis Demonstrated on Gallium Scintigraphy
Authors: Grace Yung, Kishani Kannangara, Chuong Bui, Robert Mansberg, Bernard Champion
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 37-year-old woman presented with a history of gradual onset of fatigue, myalgia, low grade fever, and neck pain. A CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, which demonstrated a markedly enlarged thyroid gland with partial compression of the trachea. A gallium scan was performed to assess for gallium avid lymphoma. This demonstrated diffuse gallium uptake throughout the thyroid gland. Core biopsy showed a hyalinized fibrous stroma, chronic inflammatory infiltrate, and absence of follicular cells confirming Riedel thyroiditis. The patient's symptoms responded to corticosteroid administration and thyroxine replacement.
Play, animals, resources: The need for a rich (and challenging) comparative environment
Authors: Gordon M. Burghardt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Van de Vliert proposes a comprehensive explanation for differences in “freedoms” in diverse human populations based on climate and monetary resources. This intriguing approach, though derived from an evolutionary view covering all species, is based exclusively on human populations. This anthropocentric lens is challenged by ways of testing Van de Vliert's thesis more generally using playfulness as a surrogate for freedom.
Enforced humour annoys patients
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Researchers investigating the working of a special “humour ward” in a hospital caution that a regime of a joke a day for each patient, cartoons on the doors, and jokes on the walls may not be to every patient's liking.

They say that some patients, especially those in pain, are not amused by enforced humour.

“Often humour attempts are not welcome by patients, especially when they are in pain, in low spirits, or are feeling depressed,” said the team ( Health Communication 2003:15;319-30).

In …
Antihypertensives are associated with falls in elderly people, study finds
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

People over 70 years old who are taking drugs for high blood pressure seem to be at a higher risk of fall injury, such as hip fracture or head injury, than those who are not being treated, especially if they have had a previous fall, a study has found.

In the study, published in JAMA Internal Medicine ,1 researchers from Yale University followed 4961 adults aged over 70 years who were living in the community and had a diagnosis of hypertension.

The amount of medication patients were taking was calculated during four interviews in the first …
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Induced Adrenomedullin Mediates Cigarette Smoke Carcinogenicity in Humans and Mice
Authors: Sergio Portal-Nuñez, Uma T. Shankavaram, Mahadev Rao, Nicole Datrice, Scott Atay, Marta Aparicio, Kevin A. Camphausen, Pedro M. Fernández-Salguero, Han Chang, Pinpin Lin, David S. Schrump, Stavros Garantziotis, Frank Cuttitta, Enrique Zudaire
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cigarette smoking (CS) is a leading cause of death worldwide. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is partially responsible for tobacco-induced carcinogenesis although the underlying mechanisms involving early effector genes have yet to be determined. Here, we report that adrenomedullin (ADM) significantly contributes to the carcinogenicity of tobacco-activated AHR. CS and AHR activating ligands induced ADM in vitro and in vivo but not in AHR-deficient fibroblasts and mice. Ectopic transfection of AHR rescued ADM expression in AHR−/− fibroblasts whereas AHR blockage with siRNA in wild type cells significantly decreased ADM expression. AHR regulates ADM expression through two intronic xenobiotic response elements located close to the start codon in the ADM gene. Using tissue microarrays we showed that ADM and AHR were coupregulated in lung tumor biopsies from smoker patients. Microarray meta-analysis of 304 independent microarray experiments showed that ADM is elevated in smokers and smokers with cancer. In addition, ADM coassociated with a subset of AHR responsive genes and efficiently differentiated patients with lung cancer from nonsmokers. In a novel preclinical model of CS-induced tumor progression, host exposure to CS extracts significantly elevated tumor ADM although systemic treatment with the ADM antagonist NSC16311 efficiently blocked tobacco-induced tumor growth. In conclusion, ADM significantly contributes the carcinogenic effect of AHR and tobacco combustion products. We suggest that therapeutics targeting the AHR/ADM axis may be of clinical relevance in the treatment of tobacco-induced pulmonary malignancies. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5790–800. ©2012 AACR.
The HEP-NET B/C co-infection trial: A prospective multicenter study to investigate the efficacy of pegylated interferon-α2b and ribavirin in patients with HBV/HCV co-infection
Authors: Andrej Potthoff, Heiner Wedemeyer, Wulf O. Boecher, Thomas Berg, Stefan Zeuzem, Joachim Arnold, Ulrich Spengler, Kurt Gruengreiff, Thomas Kaeser, Marcus Schuchmann, Alexandra Bergk, Nicole Forestier, Katja Deterding, Michael P. Manns, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Ingestion of household cleaning products.
Authors: R Goulding, P Durham, J N Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1980)

the patients with an important service that is now not available, and by reason of his 18 months of urology he would be able to recognise more difficult conditions of the urinary tract, where referral of the patient to a specialist urological unit would be in the patient's best interest.If we are going to be able to continue to provide a service to the community in the surgical specialties, such bridging of sub- divisions of surgery will be necessary.The closed-shop attitude of surgical specialties is to be deplored.I think that surgeons in training who wish to practise general surgery should spend between one and two years obtaining special expertise in other branches of surgery such as urology, vascular surgery, gastroenterology, and endoscopy, so that they can offer a higher standard of care in these subspecialties and still do their share of general surgical work.Such a simple and straight- forward solution to unsatisfactory contemporary practice would require a change of attitude in those who espouse the doctrine of closed guilds.
Impact of coronary artery bypass graft versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stent on disease-specific functional status in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: Results from the SoS trial
Authors: Zefeng Zhang, Elizabeth M. Mahoney, Rod H. Stables, Jean Booth, Fiona Nugara, John A. Spertus, William S. Weintraub
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Body Traffic: Ecology, Genetics, and Immunity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Jonathan Braun, Bo Wei
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2007)

The abundant bacteria and other microbial residents of the human intestine play important roles in nutrient absorption, energy metabolism, and defense against microbial pathogens. The mutually beneficial relationship of host and commensal microbiota represents an ancient and major coevolution in composition and mutual regulation of the human mucosa and the resident microbial community. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a set of chronic, relapsing inflammatory intestinal diseases in which rules of normal host-microbial interaction have been violated. This review considers the components of this host-microbial mutualism and the ways in which it is undermined by pathogenic microbial traits and by host immune and epithelial functions that confer to them susceptibility in patients with IBD. Recent advances in understanding the genetics of IBD and the immunology of host-microbial interaction are opening new strategies for treatments that target host susceptibility, candidate microbial pathogens, and intestinal ecology.
Brown Tumor of the Orbit
Authors: Marshall B. Block
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent article entitled "Brown Tumor of the Orbit" by Holzer et al (238:1758,1977) was indeed interesting reading. We have observed a similar phenomenon in a 10-year-old boy who had unilateral exophthalmos and whose condition was initially diagnosed elsewhere as a malignant giant cell tumor of the orbit. Unfortunately, massive radiation therapy was administered to the orbit, and it was not until a year later that elevated serum calcium levels were noted and bone abnormalities detected. Hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed at that point, and a parathyroid adenoma was resected. He has subsequently done well with the exception of the development of a cataract in the eye, which was irradiated. Review of orbit tumor slides indicated the presence of a brown tumor. I bring this second case to the attention of readers to point out that hyperparathyroidism in the young occurs, that it can be manifested as unilateral exophthalmos,
Associations of linear growth and relative weight gain during early life with adult health and human capital in countries of low and middle income: findings from five birth cohort studies
Authors: Linda S Adair, Caroline HD Fall, Clive Osmond, Aryeh D Stein, Reynaldo Martorell, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Darren L Dahly, Isabelita Bas, Shane A Norris, Lisa Micklesfield, Pedro Hallal, Cesar G Victora
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
CILOSTAZOL PLUS STANDARD CLOPIDOGREL VERSUS DOUBLE-DOSE CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS UNDERGOING PCI: PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECT AND INFLUENCE OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS
Authors: Young-Hoon Jeong, Udaya Tantry, Park Yongwhi, Kevin Bliden, Seok-Jae Hwang, Choong Hwan Kwak, Jin-Yong Hwang, Paul Gurbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
PM-13 * IDENTIFICATION OF THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN AN INTRACRANIAL XENOGRAFT MODEL OF PITUITARY ADENOMA
Authors: E. Monsalves, S. Jalali, T. Tateno, S. Ezzat, G. Zadeh
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Pituitary adenomas (PA) are common brain tumors whose pathogenesis is not well understood. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a transmembrane kinasewhich can harbor a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) substituting a glycine (G388) with an arginine (R388) residue. This SNP is associated with aggressive behavior in some cancer types, including PA. There are currently limited options for this PA. Furthermore, no robust in vivo PA models harboring the FGFR4 SNP exist. Therefore, the aim of our study was to establish an intracranial xenograft model of PA and use this model to identify the mTOR inhibitor, RAD001, as a novel therapy. METHODS: We generated stable cell lines to harbour the SNPs, by using mammosomatotroph cells and transfecting with either FGFR4-G388 or FGFR4-R388. We generated intracranial xenograft models by implanting these stable cell lines either in the pituitary fossa or frontal intraperanchyma of NODSCID mice. We used longitudinal MRI imaging to study imaging characteristics, tumor volumes and growth rates of these tumours. Tumors were treated with RAD001. Histological analysis was conducted ascertain the hormone profile (growth hormone and prolactin) and mTOR pathway signalling in FGFR4-G388 and FGFR4-R388 tumors in response to RAD001. RESULTS: Tumor growth was significantly slower in R388 and G388 compared to empty vector control (pc-DNA) tumors following mTOR inhibition. Histologically, we found that the FGFR4-G388 tumors express predominately prolactin, while FGFR4-R388 tumors express growth hormone, with no change in hormone profile in response to RAD001. With respect to the mTOR pathway, an upregulation was observed as demonstrated by increased p-s6 and p-4EBP1 expression which were subsequently decreased in R388 tumors following mTOR inhibition. CONCLUSION: Our study identifies increased mTOR signalling may explain differences in tumor growth and hormone production in this prolactin/growth hormone secreting PA. mTOR inhibition may be a promising treatment option for PA tumors harboring alterations the FGFR4 allele.