tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pancreatitis-associated arthritis. Sequential study of synovial fluid abnormalities
Authors: J. Hammond
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A case is reported of arthritis associated with recurrent alcoholic pancreatitis. Unusual features were the long-term course of 2 1/2 years, persisting during a nine-month remission of the pancreatitis; lack of response to anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents; and the sequel of residual joint damage. Sequential observations on the enzyme and lipid patterns of the patient's serum and synovial fluid during the course of the chronic arthritis provided no direct evidence for increased pancreatic lipase activity. Low complement and high prostaglandin E levels, found in the synovial fluid, associated with normal serum levels of both, indicated the involvement of these mediators in the persisting synovitis. (<i>JAMA</i>244:694-696, 1980)
Defect in biosynthesis of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase in cultured fibroblasts from a boy with 3-ketothiolase deficiency.
Authors: S Yamaguchi, T Orii, N Sakura, S Miyazawa, T Hashimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The etiology of 3-ketothiolase deficiency has been attributed to a defect of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase because the acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity in related materials is not activated by K+, a property characteristic for this enzyme. We studied the enzyme protein and the biosynthesis of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, using cultured skin fibroblasts from a 5-yr-old boy with 3-ketothiolase deficiency. The following results were obtained. (a) Activation of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity by K+ was nil; (b) The enzyme activity was not affected by treatment with the antibody against mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase; (c) A signal for mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase protein was not detected in the immunoblot analysis; and (d) Pulse-chase experiments of skin fibroblasts, using [35S]methionine, revealed no incorporation of radioactivity into this enzyme. Therefore, fibroblasts from this patient lacked mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase protein due to a defect in its biosynthesis.
<i>Contributions to Psychiatry, Neurology and Sociology.</i>Dedicated to the late Sir Frederick Mott, K. B. E., Hon. LL. D., M. D., F. R. C. P., F. R. S. Edited on behalf of The Mott Memorial Committee. By J. R. Lord, C. B. E., M. D., F. R. C. P. E. (<i>London: H. K. Lewis &amp; Co., Ltd., 1929.</i>)
Authors: C. B. Farrar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1930)
Rheumatic fever: the way it was.
Authors: E F Bland
Journal: Circulation (1987)

THE RECENT OUTBREAK of rheumatic fever in Utah' brings to mind the fact that a new generation of physicians has arrived who have never seen this dis- ease, and to today's medical students a discussion of chorea seems irrelevant.But it has not always been this way.In the 1920s, rheumatic fever was the leading cause of death in individuals between 5 and 20 years of age and was second only to tuberculosis in those between 20 and 30.2In 1938 there were more than a thousand deaths in New York City alone3 and 8% of the autopsies at the Presbyterian Hospital showed specific lesions of the rheumatic state.4In New England, childhood rheu- matism accounted for nearly half of adult heart disease, and in Boston's crowded North End hardly a family was spared; even the well-to-do were not immune.*The only treatment was salicylates and bed rest.The majority remained at home for weeks, more often for months, with a smoldering illness while the sicker children were managed in foster homes.In several large cities, special institutions took over the care of the chronically ill: the House of Good Samaritan (locally, the "HGS") in Boston (figure 1), Irvington House in New York, Larabida in Chicago, and Taplow outside London.At the HGS, which had a capacity of 80 beds, 3500 children and adolescents were hospitalized during the four decades from 1921 to 1961.The usual stay was 3 to 6 months.In 1927 a research unit was established there under the late Dr. T. Duckett Jones (figure 1, inset) where he began his life-long study of the dis- ease.In 1931, I joined in this endeavor and for the next two decades we followed, with the help of Benedict Massell and others, the course of the disease in this population.In particular, we set aside the original 1000 patients (admitted between 1921 and 193 1) for special
IL-27 promotes T cell–dependent colitis through multiple mechanisms
Authors: Jennifer H. Cox, Noelyn M. Kljavin, Nandhini Ramamoorthi, Lauri Diehl, Marcel Batten, Nico Ghilardi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a cytokine known to have both proinflammatory and immunoregulatory functions. The latter appear to dominate in vivo, where IL-27 suppresses TH17 responses and promotes the differentiation of Tr1 cells expressing interferon-γ and IL-10 and lacking forkhead box P3 (Foxp3). Accordingly, IL-27 receptor α (Il27ra)-deficient mice suffer from exacerbated immune pathology when infected with various parasites or challenged with autoantigens. Because the role of IL-27 in human and experimental mouse colitis is controversial, we studied the consequences of Il27ra deletion in the mouse T cell transfer model of colitis and unexpectedly discovered a proinflammatory role of IL-27. Absence of Il27ra on transferred T cells resulted in diminished weight loss and reduced colonic inflammation. A greater fraction of transferred T cells assumed a Foxp3(+) phenotype in the absence of Il27ra, suggesting that IL-27 functions to restrain regulatory T cell (T(reg)) development. Indeed, IL-27 suppressed Foxp3 induction in vitro and in an ovalbumin-dependent tolerization model in vivo. Furthermore, effector cell proliferation and IFN-γ production were reduced in the absence of Il27ra. Collectively, we describe a proinflammatory role of IL-27 in T cell-dependent intestinal inflammation and provide a rationale for targeting this cytokine in pathological situations that result from a breakdown in peripheral immune tolerance.
Why public opinion should not enter the debate about assisted dying
Authors: J. C. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity of COVID-19 is highly variable and related to known (e.g., age, obesity, immune deficiency) and unknown risk factors. The widespread clinical symptoms encompass a large group of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, raising a crucial question regarding genetic susceptibility, e.g., whether individual differences in immunity play a role in patient symptomatology and how much human leukocyte antigen (HLA) contributes to this. To reveal genetic determinants of susceptibility to COVID-19 severity in the population and further explore potential immune-related factors, we performed a genome-wide association study on 284 confirmed COVID-19 patients (cases) and 95 healthy individuals (controls). We compared cases and controls of European (EUR) ancestry and African American (AFR) ancestry separately. We identified two loci on chromosomes 5q32 and 11p12, which reach the significance threshold of suggestive association (p&lt;1×10<sup>-5</sup> threshold adjusted for multiple trait testing) and are associated with the COVID-19 susceptibility in the European ancestry (index rs17448496: odds ratio [OR] = 0.173; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08–0.36 for G allele; p=5.15× 10<sup>-5</sup> and index rs768632395: OR = 0.166; 95% CI, 0.07–0.35 for A allele; p= 4.25×10<sup>-6</sup>, respectively), which were associated with two genes, PPP2R2B at 5q32, and LRRC4C at 11p12, respectively. To explore the linkage between HLA and COVID-19 severity, we applied fine-mapping analysis to dissect the HLA association with mild and severe cases. Using <i>In-silico</i> binding predictions to map the binding of risk/protective HLA to the viral structural proteins, we found the differential presentation of viral peptides in both ancestries. Lastly, extrapolation of the identified HLA from the cohort to the worldwide population revealed notable correlations. The study uncovers possible differences in susceptibility to COVID-19 in different ancestral origins in the genetic background, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of the disease.
A memorable patient: A Christmas carol
Authors: S. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<b>Background:</b> Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a heterogeneous malformation syndrome characterised by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation (IUGR, PGR) and dysmorphisms. The basic causes are unknown, however in approximately 10% of patients a maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 7 or chromosomal aberrations can be detected. Four growth retarded children, two with SRS-like features, associated with maternal duplications of 11p15 have been described. Considering the involvement of this genomic region in Beckwith-Wiedemann overgrowth syndrome (BWS), we postulated that some cases of SRS—with an opposite phenotype to BWS—might also be caused by genomic disturbances in 11p15. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 46 SRS patients were screened for genomic rearrangements in 11p15 by STR typing and FISH analysis. <b>Results:</b> Two SRS patients with duplications of maternal 11p material in our study population (n = 46) were detected. In patient SR46, the duplicated region covered at least 9 Mb; FISH analysis revealed a translocation of 11p15 onto 10q. In patient SR90, additional 11p15 material (approximately 5 Mb) was translocated to the short arm of chromosome 15. <b>Conclusions:</b> We suggest that diagnostic testing for duplication in 11p15 should be offered to patients with severe IUGR and PGR with clinical signs reminiscent of SRS. SRS is a genetically heterogeneous condition and patients with a maternal duplication of 11p15.5 may form an important subgroup.
Imaging Studies for Childhood Urinary Infections
Authors: F. Bruder Stapleton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The question of whether to obtain imaging studies after a urinary tract infection in a child is a challenging one. The potential long-term morbidity associated with repeated bouts of pyelonephritis or high-grade vesicoureteral reflux has led to the routine radiographic evaluation of children with urinary tract infections. For a number of years, renal ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography have been standard diagnostic tests for young children with urinary tract infections and currently are recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics.1 This approach seems particularly cogent for young children, because an acute urinary tract infection might be the first indication of a . . .
EFFECT OF A DIET LOW IN CALCIUM ON FERTILITY, PREGNANCY AND LACTATION IN THE RAT
Authors: DONALD MACOMBER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Calcium is the most important of the inorganic elements in the animal body. In the adult<sup>1</sup>it furnishes 2 per cent of the total weight, and 99 per cent of this amount is found in the bones and teeth. It is present in all tissues, including the blood, and without it life, as we know it, would be impossible. It is self evident, therefore, that a liberal supply of calcium in the diet must be a matter of vital importance at all times. There are, however, three periods during the life of the individual during which it is of particular importance. First, that of growth, when bulk is being added so rapidly to all the tissues; second, that of pregnancy, when the mother must supply the calcium for the bones of the developing fetus, and third, that of lactation, when the milk from the mother must act as a
Testing in Pheochromocytoma and Another Endocrine Tumor
Authors: S. R. WEISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 July 1974Testing in Pheochromocytoma and Another Endocrine TumorS. R. WEISS, M.D.S. R. WEISS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-1-116_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The glucagon stimulation test was initially described by Lawrence and Forland (1) as an adjunct to the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, to avoid the side effects commonly encountered with the use of histamine. The tyramine provocative test (2) is generally a reliable, safer way to provoke hypertension in subjects suspected of harboring a chromaffin tumor. Although the tyramine test is valuable in diagnosing sporadic pheochromocytomas, it can be misleading if the pheochromocytoma is associated with other endocrine tumors, particularly medullary thyroid carcinoma (3). Because of common lack of response to tyramine under such conditions, a glucagon provocation should...References1. LAWRENCEFORLAND AM: Glucagon provocative test for pheochromocytoma (abstract 75). J Lab Clin Med 64:878, 1964 Google Scholar2. ENGELMANSJOERDSMA KA: A new test for pheochromocytoma. Pressor responsiveness to tyramine. JAMA 189:81-86, 1964 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. VON STUDNITZLJUNGBERG WO: Tyramine test and phaeochromocytoma. Acta Med Scand 182:341-344, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SAROSIDOE GR: Familial occurrence of parathyroid adenomas, pheochromocytoma and medullary carcinoma of thyroid with amyloid stroma. Ann Intern Med 68:1305-1309, 1968 LinkGoogle Scholar5. VON STUDNITZLJUNGBERG WO: Familiär auftretendes Adrenalin produzierendes Phäochromocytom in Kombination mit medullärem Thyreoidea-Carcinom. Klin Wochenschr 48:144-148, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine University of Colorado Medical Center Denver, Colorado 80220 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1974Volume 81, Issue 1Page: 116-117KeywordsEndocrine tumorsGlucagonHistamineHypertensionMedullary thyroid carcinomaPheochromocytoma Issue Published: 1 July 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abulfatah Akram Sayeed
Authors: Reza Sayeed
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Abulfatah Akram Sayeed (“Akram”) grew up in what is now Bangladesh and qualified from Dhaka Medical College in 1958. After undertaking further professional training in the United States, he joined the eye department of Leicester Royal Infirmary in 1961 to train in ophthalmic surgery. However, in 1963 he took some locum general practice work and within a matter of weeks realised that general practice was his vocation. In his own words, he found “deep professional satisfaction in looking after the ‘whole’ person rather than just a pair of eyes.” He thus became one …
Association of Journal Quality Indicators With Methodological Quality of Clinical Research Articles
Authors: Kirby P. Lee
Journal: JAMA (2002)

The ability to identify scientific journals that publish high-quality research would help clinicians, scientists, and health-policy analysts to select the most up-to-date medical literature to review.To assess whether journal characteristics of (1) peer-review status, (2) citation rate, (3) impact factor, (4) circulation, (5) manuscript acceptance rate, (6) MEDLINE indexing, and (7) Brandon/Hill Library List indexing are predictors of methodological quality of research articles, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 243 original research articles involving human subjects published in general internal medical journals.The mean (SD) quality score of the 243 articles was 1.37 (0.22). All journals reported a peer-review process and were indexed on MEDLINE. In models that controlled for article type (randomized controlled trial [RCT] or non-RCT), journal citation rate was the most statistically significant predictor (0.051 increase per doubling; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.037-0.065; P<.001). In separate analyses by article type, acceptance rate was the strongest predictor for RCT quality (-0.113 per doubling; 95% CI, -0.148 to -0.078; P<.001), while journal citation rate was the most predictive factor for non-RCT quality (0.051 per doubling; 95% CI, 0.044-0.059; P<.001).High citation rates, impact factors, and circulation rates, and low manuscript acceptance rates and indexing on Brandon/Hill Library List appear to be predictive of higher methodological quality scores for journal articles.
Physical Exercise and Lethal Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: William B. Kannel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

It is not unreasonable to consider whether transformation of man by modern technology from a physically active to a sedentary creature has exacted a toll in cardiovascular disease. Indeed, evidence is accumulating from studies of the general population and a variety of occupational groups that this may well be true. The most sedentary appear subject to a substantially higher mortality from coronary disease.1 2 3 4 Until recently vigorous exertion was considered detrimental to the health of robust persons, let alone the one with potential cardiac disease. Awareness that regular exercise might be requisite for optimal cardiac function possibly had its beginning with . . .
URETERAL OBSTRUCTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF SULFADIAZINE
Authors: Samuel L. Raines
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Following the use of sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole there have been numerous reports in the literature of renal complications and ureteral obstruction. The case I am reporting is the first of this type to occur after the use of sulfadiazine. In symptomatology it differs little from ureteral obstruction following the administration of other drugs, but there are several points of practical importance that will be of interest.  According to earlier reports, sulfadiazine was more potent, less toxic and less likely to precipitate in the urine than any of the other sulfonamide drugs. Norman Plummer 1 of Bellevue Hospital, Finland 2 of Boston, Long 3 of Johns Hopkins and Flippin and his associates 4 have used sulfadiazine extensively. When all their cases are grouped it is found that they report renal complications in only 3 to 4 per cent of about 1,500 patients treated and only 1 instance in which suppression of
The ART-strategy: Sequential assessment of the ART score predicts outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma re-treated with TACE
Authors: Florian Hucke, Wolfgang Sieghart, Matthias Pinter, Ivo Graziadei, Wolfgang Vogel, Christian Müller, Harald Heinzl, Fredrik Waneck, Michael Trauner, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Control of meningococcal disease.
Authors: D. M. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1989)

possibility of short term hypoxaemia lasting up to 30 minutes after physiotherapy.2836][32] Thus because of the risk of causing either bronchospasm or short term hypoxaemia postural drainage, percussion, and vibration should be used only in patients in whom its value has been proved.The forced expiration technique combined with postural drainage should be strongly considered as an alternative.
15 FIRST INTENTION-TO-DIAGNOSE COMPARISON OF ARFI AND FIBROSCAN IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES
Authors: D. Bardou, J. Boursier, V. Cartier, J. Lebigot, S. Michalak, F. Oberti, I. Fouchard-Hubert, M.-C. Rousselet, C. Aube, P. Calès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
High-density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Influence of Endothelial Lipase in Healthy Turkish Population: A Study in a Land of Low High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Harun Kılıç, Enver Atalar, İncilay Lay, Nuray Yazihan, Uğur Saygısunar, Fatih Büyükçam, Ramazan Akdemir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: The Erythroplastic Lesion in High Risk Sites
Authors: A. Mashberg, L. Garfinkel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1978)

Squamous cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx in the United States accounts for approximately five percent of cancerous neoplasms in men and two percent in women.'Although the oral cavity is easily accessible and is examined frequently by physicians and dentists, 60 percent of oral cancers are well advanced by the time they are detected.2Therefore, surgical morbid ity and mortality remain high.The five year survival rate is about 30 percent.By comparison, skin and lip cancers have survival rates of 90 percent.In light of the fact that oral cancer detection programs have been increased, it is quite surprising and disappointing that a higher percentage of oral cancers are not discovered when they are still in early, asymptomatic, easily treatable stages.Probably, the main factor in this failure is related to the propagation of ambiguous and inaccurate criteria for the diagnosis of cancerous and â€oe¿ potentially cancerousâ€• oral mucosal lesions.This unfortunate situation prevails in the liter ature as well as in teaching institutions.
Mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease: impossible ideal or therapeutic target?
Authors: P. Rutgeerts, S. Vermeire, G. Van Assche
Journal: Gut (2007)

The main goal of treatment for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis has always been the induction and maintenance of symptomatic improvement or at best remission. It has been shown by many studies that the long-term outcome of these diseases is not influenced by standard treatments and that the need for surgery is not decreasing in this population over the years. There is recent evidence that with immunosuppression and treatment with infliximab long-term healing of the bowel can be achieved and that this affects the outcome of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. We propose that future studies should focus on healing and disease course as primary outcome measures.
Adult human circulating CD34−Lin−CD45−CD133− cells can differentiate into hematopoietic and endothelial cells
Authors: Elisa Ciraci, Silvia Della Bella, Ombretta Salvucci, Cristina Rofani, Marta Segarra, Caterina Bason, Agnese Molinari, Dragan Maric, Giovanna Tosato, Anna C. Berardi
Journal: Blood (2011)
Prognostic factors in localized invasive primary cutaneous malignant melanoma: results of a large population-based study
Authors: H. Eriksson, M. Frohm-Nilsson, J. Järås, L. Kanter-Lewensohn, P. Kjellman, E. Månsson-Brahme, I. Vassilaki, J. Hansson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The prognostic impact of several histopathological prognostic features in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) remains controversial. To assess the independent prognostic value of mitotic rate, regression, tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and growth phase in primary stage I and II CMMs. Clinicohistopathological data were obtained from the Stockholm–Gotland registry for 4237 patients diagnosed with an incident primary stage I or II CMM followed up to December 2011. The risk of CMM‐specific death was evaluated by a Cox regression model. A mitotic rate of 1–10 mitoses per mm2 [hazard ratio (HR) 1·69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·16–2·45] and > 10 mitoses per mm2 (HR 2·27, 95% CI 1·46–3·52) were significant; TILs and regression were not. A more detailed analysis of data assessed between 1989 and 1995 confirmed significantly increased HRs for the presence vs. absence of mitoses (HR1–5/mm² 2·25, 95% CI 1·36–3·76; HR6–10/mm² 2·34, 95% CI 1·23–4·44; HR> 10/mm² 2·64, 95% CI 1·39–4·99). Other prognosticators were increasing T‐stage vs. T1, presence of ulceration and presence of vertical growth phase (VGP). In T1 CMMs, an increasing tumour thickness vs. < 0·7 mm (HR0·7–0·8 mm 2·24, 95% CI 1·24–4·04; HR>0·8 mm 2·92, 95% CI 1·57–5·43) and presence of ulceration were significantly associated with higher HRs; mitotic rate, TILs, regression and growth phase were not. Determinants of increased risk of CMM death in stage I and II CMMs were increasing T‐stage, presence of ulceration, presence of mitoses and VGP. This was not found for TILs or regression.