tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Palliative Care and Hospice Among Surgical and Medical Specialties in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Courtney L. Olmsted, Amy M. Johnson, Peter Kaboli, Joseph Cullen, Mary S. Vaughan-Sarrazin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Many hospitals have undertaken initiatives to improve care during the end of life, recognizing that some individuals have unique needs that are often not met in acute inpatient care settings. Studies of surgical patients have shown this population to receive palliative care at reduced rates in comparison with medical patients.To determine differences in the use of palliative care and hospice between surgical and medical patients in an integrated health care system.Veterans Health Administration (VHA) enrollment data and administrative data sets were used to identify 191,280 VHA patients who died between October 1, 2008, and September 30, 2012, and who had an acute inpatient episode in the VHA system in the last year of life. Patients were categorized as surgical if at any time during the year preceding death they underwent a surgical procedure (n = 42,143) or medical (n = 149,137) if the patient did not receive surgical treatment in the last year of life.Receipt of palliative or hospice care and the number of days from palliative or hospice initiation to death were determined using VHA administrative inpatient, outpatient, and fee-based encounter-level data files.Surgical patients were significantly less likely than medical patients to receive either hospice or palliative care (odds ratio = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.89-0.94; P < .001). When adjusting for demographics and medical comorbidities, this difference was even more pronounced (odds ratio = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81-0.86). Yet, among patients who received hospice or palliative care, surgical patients lived significantly longer than their medical counterparts (a median of 26 vs 23 days, respectively; P < .001) yet had similar relative use of these services after risk adjustment.In the VHA population, surgical patients are less likely to receive either hospice or palliative care in the year prior to death compared with medical patients, yet surgical patients have a longer length of time in these services. Determining criteria for higher-risk medical and surgical patients may help with increasing the relative use of these services. Potential barriers and differences may exist among surgical and medical services that could impact the use of palliative care or hospice in the last year of life.
A Role for Endoglin as a Suppressor of Malignancy during Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis
Authors: Eduardo Pérez-Gómez, María Villa-Morales, Javier Santos, José Fernández-Piqueras, Carlos Gamallo, Javier Dotor, Carmelo Bernabéu, Miguel Quintanilla
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Endoglin is a membrane glycoprotein that acts as a coreceptor for transforming growth factor-β. We and others have previously suggested a function of endoglin as a tumor suppressor in epithelial cancer. Here, we study the expression of endoglin during chemical mouse skin carcinogenesis. We find that shedding of membrane endoglin, allowing the secretion of a soluble endoglin form, is a late event associated with progression from squamous to spindle cell carcinomas. Knockdown of endoglin in transformed keratinocytes activates the Smad2/3 signaling pathway resulting in cell growth arrest, delayed tumor latencies, and a squamous to spindle phenotypic conversion. Forced expression of the long endoglin isoform in spindle carcinoma cells blocks transforming growth factor-β1 stimulation of Smad2/3 signaling and prevents tumor formation. In contrast, expression of the short endoglin isoform has no effect on spindle cell growth in vitro or in vivo. Our results show that endoglin behaves as a suppressor of malignancy during the late stages of carcinogenesis. Therefore, disruption of membrane endoglin emerges as a crucial event for progression to spindle cell carcinomas. [Cancer Res 2007;67(21):10268–77]
Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors
Authors: Calvin H. Yeh, James C. Fredenburgh, Jeffrey I. Weitz
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin, have been the mainstay of oral anticoagulation for many decades. Although effective, warfarin has numerous limitations, including a variable dose requirement from patient to patient because of differences in dietary vitamin K intake, common genetic polymorphisms, and multiple drug interactions that affect its pharmacodynamics and metabolism. Consequently, warfarin requires frequent monitoring to ensure that a therapeutic anticoagulant effect has been achieved because excessive anticoagulation can lead to bleeding, and because insufficient anticoagulation can result in thrombosis. Such monitoring is burdensome for patients and physicians and is costly for the health care system. These limitations have prompted the development of new oral anticoagulants that target either factor Xa or thrombin. Although the path to the development of these drugs has been long, the new drugs are at least as effective and safe as warfarin, but they streamline clinical care because they can be administered in fixed doses without routine coagulation monitoring. This article focuses on rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, the oral factor Xa inhibitors in the most advanced stages of development. After 20 years of discovery research, these agents are already licensed for several indications. Thus, the long path to finding replacements for warfarin has finally reached fruition. Therefore, development of the oral factor Xa inhibitors represents a translational science success story.
Injury prediction in female gymnasts.
Authors: V A Steele, J A White
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

In order to identify injury-proneness in female competitive gymnasts, 20 measures of flexibility, hypermobility, spinal posture and anthropometry were performed on 40 competitive gymnasts and injury scores were derived from the severity and extent of previous gymnastic injury and inherent hypermobility traits. Results were compared between contrasting groups of "low" and "high" injury gymnasts respectively (both N = 10). Nine variables demonstrated significant differences between the "low" and "high" injury risk status groups namely, weight (p less than 0.001), height (p less than 0.001), age (p less than 0.001), mesomorphy (p less than 0.01), Quetelet Index (p less than 0.01), shoulder flexion (p less than 0.05) and lumbar extension (p less than 0.05), standing lumbar curvature and total peripheral flexibility score (both p less than or equal to 0.05). Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine the relative contribution of these variables to the estimation of injury-proneness as evidenced by previous history of injury and hypermobility traits. Using 9 independent variables, multiple regression yielded a multiple correlation coefficient (R) = 0.840, accounting for over 70% of the observed variance (R2 = 0.706) in injury scores among the total group of gymnasts. However, a subset of five variables, (weight, mesomorphy, standing lumbar curvature, age and height) yielded a multiple correlation coefficient (R) = 0.834 accounting for almost 70% of the observed variance (R2 = 0.696). This was not significantly different from the larger subset. Using injury classification system of "low", "medium", and "high" risk categories, comparisons were made between predicted and observed injury scores in the respective risk categories. In "high" risk and "low" risk gymnasts, injury scores could be classified correctly with 70% and 79% accuracy respectively, so that relative risk status could be determined from simple physical tests which may be employed by practitioners in the field.
Is daily use of sunscreens of benefit in the U.K.?
Authors: B.L. Diffey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

There is an increasingly widespread belief that year-round use of topical agents containing ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing ingredients is an important factor in reducing the chronic degenerative cutaneous changes associated with sun exposure.To evaluate the benefit of using sunscreens during different periods of the year for people living in the U.K.An analysis was made of typical solar UV exposure at different times of the year in relation to different topical sunscreen practices.It was shown that using sun protection products during the six summer months (April-September) can reduce the lifetime (70 years) UV exposure of a person by an equivalent of almost 40 years unprotected exposure. However, virtually no benefit is gained from using UV protective products from October to March in the U.K. CONCLUSIONS; As their use is not without cost and the risk of adverse effects, topical products containing UV filters are best avoided during October to March in the U.K.
Abstract 5473: Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody nimotuzumab enhances temozolomide-induced growth suppression of mutant EGFR expressing glioma xenografts.
Authors: Motoo Nagane, Yusuke Nitta, Saki Shimizu, Yukiko Shishido-Hara, Yoshiaki Shiokawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A mutant form of EGFR, EGFRvIII or ΔEGFR, is common in glioblastoma (GBM) conferring enhanced tumorigenic activity as well as resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Nimotuzumab, a humanized monoclonal EGFR antibody, has been shown to exert a modest activity in patients with GBM, but its specific activity against ΔEGFR has not been fully investigated. We treated human glioma cells overexpressing either wild-type (wt) EGFR or ΔEGFR with nimotuzumab with or without temozolomide (TMZ). Nimotuzumab treatment resulted in reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation at C-terminal of ΔEGFR more preferentially than that of wtEGFR, albeit to a lesser extent than tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. Nimotuzumab-induced EGFR tyrosine dephosphorylation was associated with a decrease in AKT phosphorylation, suggesting suppression of downstream signaling pathways. In animal models, growth of subcutaneous xenografts was suppressed by TMZ, but was not affected by nimotuzumab monotreatment. However, antitumor activity was synergistically enhanced when TMZ was combined with nimotuzumab in both U87MG.ΔEGFR and LNZ308.ΔEGFR xenografts, while such an effect was limited in wtEGFR-overexpressing xenografts. Similarly, compared with nimotuzumab or TMZ monotherapy, the combination treatment of TMZ with nimotuzumab significantly elongated survival of mice bearing intracerebral xenografts derived from U87MG.ΔEGFR (p &amp;lt; 0.001, logrank test), and U87MG.wtEGFR to a lesser extent (p = 0.006). These anti-tumor effects by the combination treatment were associated with a decreased proliferation rate and an increase in apoptosis rate in treated xenografts. The U87MG.ΔEGFR intracerebral tumors which had re-grown after the combination treatment with TMZ and nimotuzumab (“escapers”) exhibited an increase expression of MGMT as well as a decrease in mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, MSH6 and MLH1. The reduction of MMR expression was further retained in subcultured escaper cells. These expression changes were not observed in xenografts treated with any of vehicles or monotherapies. These results suggest that nimotuzumab has antitumor activity against mutant EGFR-expressing glioma in vivo when combined with TMZ, and the resistance to this combination treatment might involve expression change of both MGMT and MMR. Citation Format: Motoo Nagane, Yusuke Nitta, Saki Shimizu, Yukiko Shishido-Hara, Yoshiaki Shiokawa. Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody nimotuzumab enhances temozolomide-induced growth suppression of mutant EGFR expressing glioma xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5473. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5473 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Meckel’s Diverticulitis: Diagnosis With Computed Tomography and Tc-99m Pertechnetate Scintigraphy
Authors: Susan A. Connolly, Laura A. Drubach, Leonard P. Connolly
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulitis was reached preoperatively in a 7-year-old boy with severe left-sided abdominal pain and fever after technetium-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy indicated the presence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in a left lower quadrant mass that had been shown by computed tomography. The case illustrates the use of scintigraphy in confirming a suspected diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulitis and is an example of a Meckel's diverticulum in the lower left abdomen rather than the more common locations of the lower right and midabdomen.
Early-Onset Endocrine Disruptor–Induced Prostatitis in the Rat
Authors: Prue A. Cowin, Paul Foster, John Pedersen, Shelley Hedwards, Stephen J. McPherson, Gail P. Risbridger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Androgens are critical for specifying prostate development, with the fetal prostate sensitive to altered hormone levels and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that exhibit estrogenic or antiandrogenic properties. Prostatic inflammation (prostatitis) affects 9% of men of all ages, and > 90% of cases are of unknown etiology.In this study we aimed to evaluate effects of in utero exposure to the antiandrogenic EDC vinclozolin, during the period of male reproductive tract development, on neonatal, prepubertal, and postpubertal prostate gland function of male offspring.Fetal rats were exposed to vinclozolin (100 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle control (2.5 mL/kg body weight) in utero from gestational day 14 (GD14) to GD19 via oral administration to pregnant dams. Tissue analysis was carried out when male offspring were 0, 4, or 8 weeks of age.In utero exposure to vinclozolin was insufficient to perturb prostatic development and branching, although expression of androgen receptor and mesenchymal fibroblast growth factor-10 was down-regulated. Prostate histology remained normal until puberty, but 100% of animals displayed prostatitis postpubertally (56 days of age). Prostatic inflammation was associated with phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB) and postpubertal activation of proinflammatory NFkappaB-dependent genes, including the chemokine interleukin-8 and the cytokine transforming growth factor-beta1. Significantly, inflammation arising from vinclozolin exposure was not associated with the emergence of premalignant lesions, such as prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia or proliferative inflammatory atrophy, and hence mimics nonbacterial early-onset prostatitis that commonly occurs in young men.These data are the first to unequivocally implicate EDCs as a causative factor and fill an important knowledge gap on the etiology of prostatitis.
Phase I Hepatic Immunotherapy for Metastases Study of Intra-Arterial Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T-cell Therapy for CEA+ Liver Metastases
Authors: Steven C. Katz, Rachel A. Burga, Elise McCormack, Li Juan Wang, Wesley Mooring, Gary R. Point, Pranay D. Khare, Mitchell Thorn, Qiangzhong Ma, Brian F. Stainken, Earle O. Assanah, Robin Davies, N. Joseph Espat, Richard P. Junghans
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) have demonstrated encouraging results in early-phase clinical trials. Successful adaptation of CAR-T technology for CEA-expressing adenocarcinoma liver metastases, a major cause of death in patients with gastrointestinal cancers, has yet to be achieved. We sought to test intrahepatic delivery of anti-CEA CAR-T through percutaneous hepatic artery infusions (HAIs).
Pneumococcal Outbreaks in Nursing Homes
Authors: Daniel M. Musher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Last winter, the Texas Department of Health called me about an outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia at a nursing home. When I mentioned the outbreak to my daughter, a third-year medical student, she asked, “How is that possible? Hadn't all the residents of the nursing home been vaccinated?”The elegant epidemiologic study of an outbreak of pneumococcal disease by Nuorti et al. in this issue of the Journal 1 forces us to address the question of why some public health recommendations that are well known to medical students are so poorly implemented. In this outbreak, nearly one quarter of the residents of . . .
Leukocyte count and fibrinogen are associated with carotid and femoral intima-media thickness in a risk population for diabetes
Authors: T TEMELKOVAKURKTSCHIEV, C KOEHLER, E HENKEL, M HANEFELD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

To investigate the relationship of the inflammatory parameters--leukocyte count and fibrinogen level--to the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery and the common femoral artery, as well as to a variety of risk factors within the metabolic syndrome in a risk population for diabetes.A total of 597 subjects were analyzed from the Risk factors in Impaired glucose tolerance for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) study, who were at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. IMT of the common carotid and common femoral artery was determined by B-mode ultrasound. Leukocyte count and fibrinogen level, as well as various risk factors for atherosclerosis, were measured by established methods.In univariate analysis, leukocyte count and fibrinogen level correlated significantly to carotid and femoral IMT. Leukocyte count was significantly correlated to body mass index, waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, plasma triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (inversely), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and proinsulin, PAI(active), tPA and microalbuminuria, as well as to smoking and physical activity (inversely). Fibrinogen level was significantly correlated with body mass index, systolic blood pressure, plasma triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, PAI(active), tPA and von Willebrandt factor, as well as with smoking and low physical activity. In multivariate analysis, leukocyte count was an independent determinant of the maximal carotid IMT and fibrinogen level of femoral IMT.Our study indicates that low-grade inflammation is correlated to IMT, as an indicator of early atherosclerosis, and is strongly associated to a variety of risk factors within the metabolic syndrome in a population at risk for type 2 diabetes.
When Lungs on Mountains Leak
Authors: John T. Reeves, Robert Blair Schoene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

ON August 10, 1894, Pietro Ramella, a young Italian soldier taking part in physiological experiments, ascended rapidly to the Capanna Regina Margherita hut on Monte Rosa (4559 m), an Alpine peak bordering Italy and Switzerland. Within a day he had severe headache, cyanosis, dyspnea, rales, and pink, frothy sputum. He was thought to have pneumonia. A storm prevented his descent, but luckily he recovered spontaneously within a few days. An Italian physiologist, Angelo Mosso, suspected that heavy exertion at high altitude had contributed to Ramella's illness.1 In retrospect, Ramella probably had high-altitude pulmonary edema.More than 60 years later, in . . .
Dermatitis from X Ray.
Authors: G. C. Skinner
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Nov. 7, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have noted in the last two numbers of ourJournalreferences to the dermatitis produced by the Roentgen ray. Will you allow me to report a case which I know was directly referable to the X-ray, as I am the afflicted one myself. Some seven or eight weeks ago I used my wrist in obtaining a successful skiagraph of the wrist joint three or four days in succession. The exposure was from ten to fifteen minutes each time and the ray was produced by Tesla's latent coil. About ten days later I noticed a reddening of the skin which grew deeper until it became a purple. It was accompanied by great pain, excessive tenderness to the touch, considerable swelling and gave a perfect line of demarkation. Finally there was complete desquamation over the surface marked out at the commencement of
Sequelae after the intravenous injection of three benzodiazepines--diazepam, lorazepam, and flunitrazepam.
Authors: J E Hegarty, J W Dundee
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The occurrence of thrombosis and phlebitis after intravenous injection of 10 mg diazepam, 4 mg lorazepam, or 1-2 mg flunitrazepam was studied on the second or third and the seventh to 10th days. A significantly higher incidence occurred with all drugs on days 7 to 10 than on days 2 and 3. Painless thrombosis occurred much more often with diazepam than with the other two benzodiazepines. Its incidence was greater in small hand or arm veins than in large antecubital vessels. Lorazepam and flunitrazepam therefore have clear advantages over diazepam.
BLIND COMPARATIVE TRIAL OF FLUPEROLONE.
Authors: I. B. SNEDDON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 75, Issue 7 p. 274-277 BLIND COMPARATIVE TRIAL OF FLUPEROLONE. I. B. SNEDDON, I. B. SNEDDON Rupert Hallam Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Sheffield.Search for more papers by this author I. B. SNEDDON, I. B. SNEDDON Rupert Hallam Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Sheffield.Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1963 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb15683.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume75, Issue7July 1963Pages 274-277 RelatedInformation
Impact of Pretreatment Factors on Adverse Events: A Pooled Analysis of North Central Cancer Treatment Group Advanced Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Trials
Authors: Sumithra J. Mandrekar, Donald W. Northfelt, Steven E. Schild, Nathan R. Foster, Brian Bot, Randolph S. Marks, James A. Mailliard, James E. Krook, Andrew W. Maksymiuk, Alex A. Adjei, James R. Jett
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Nonclinical Factors and Repeat C-Section
Authors: Richard L. Faiola
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Stafford's<sup>1</sup>allegations that the large variance in the percentage of women offered vaginal birth after cesarean section (C-section) is best accounted for by economic self-interest is seriously flawed. Dr Stafford has used statistics from 1986 and judged them by the standards of 1991. What is more likely described by his data is the usual evolution of a novel or high-risk enterprise into the routine. It is natural that the physicians most willing to deviate from the "once a C-section, always a C-section" dictum will be those in large medical centers or teaching facilities. In 1986, most hospitals insisted that the physician be in constant attendance of a patient in labor anticipating vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC). That was simply not practical for most private practice physicians in most small proprietary or community hospitals. It was not until 1988, 2 years after this study, that
What is the purpose of a new behaviorally based dynamic developmental theory of ADHD? The perspective of the educational psychologist
Authors: Paolo Moderato, Giovambattista Presti
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

In Sagvolden et al.’s conceptualization of how a poor behavioral, social, and academic repertoire arises from an impaired interaction with the environment of an individual with a neurological disorder, we see a convergence between the medical diagnosis and the functional assessment on which the behavioral educational approach is based. If children with such a disorder do show delay-of-reinforcement steepened gradients, it is possible to predict their behavior under given circumstances. This could bring us to more precise diagnostic criteria and better intervention techniques.