tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P148 The adaptation and evaluation of the living well with COPD programme for pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: D. Earley, J. MacMahon, J. Bourbeau, J. M. Bradley, B. O'Neill
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Mechanisms and materials to support the delivery of the education component of pulmonary rehabilitation are not widely available. The aim of this study was to adapt the Living Well with COPD (LWWCOPD) programme for embedding in pulmonary rehabilitation and to conduct a process and outcome evaluation. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>Adaptation</i>: Modifications to the LWWCOPD programme were informed by focus groups, current practice, relevant research and guidelines, and in collaboration with the authors of the LWWCOPD programme. The study used a cohort before-after design which incorporated the principles of a process evaluation. <i>Evaluation</i>: Sites administered their usual pulmonary rehabilitation programme with the exception of the LWWCOPD programme for pulmonary rehabilitation to deliver the education component. Health professionals and patients completed evaluation questionnaires to assess their acceptance. Patients completed the Understanding COPD (UCOPD) questionnaire and the Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire before and after pulmonary rehabilitation. <i>Analysis</i>: Feedback and comments on the programme were collated and categorised. Changes in the UCOPD questionnaire and BCKQ were examined using paired t-tests. <h3>Results</h3> <i>Adaptation</i>: Amendments to the LWWCOPD programme included reducing the number and length of education sessions, incorporating additional information/techniques, materials to link the education and exercise sessions and a COPD action plan. <i>Evaluation</i>: 25 health professionals and 57 patients with COPD from eleven pulmonary rehabilitation programmes evaluated the LWWCOPD for pulmonary rehabilitation. The mean (SD) duration of the education sessions was 41 (9) min. The health professionals felt that the education sessions were either excellent (n=16/65, 25%) or good (n=40/65, 62%), and that they were comprehensive, evidence-based and utilised a good combination of teaching strategies for example, “Easy to follow and deliver”. They reported that the programme would require modification for non-COPD patients. Patients commented on improved knowledge and self-efficacy, peer support and relevant content for example, “Better understanding of action to be taken”. They requested supplementary information for family members. The UCOPD questionnaire and the BCKQ improved significantly: mean change (95% CI): UCOPD questionnaire: 26.8 (21.7 to 31.8)%, BCKQ: 10.6 (6.9 to 14.4)%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The LWWCOPD programme for pulmonary rehabilitation is a feasible, effective and versatile way to deliver the education component of COPD pulmonary rehabilitation.
Multifaceted roles of GSK-3 and Wnt/β-catenin in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis: opportunities for therapeutic intervention
Authors: J A McCubrey, L S Steelman, F E Bertrand, N M Davis, S L Abrams, G Montalto, A B D'Assoro, M Libra, F Nicoletti, R Maestro, J Basecke, L Cocco, M Cervello, A M Martelli
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is well documented to participate in a complex array of critical cellular processes. It was initially identified in rat skeletal muscle as a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylated and inactivated glycogen synthase. This versatile protein is involved in numerous signaling pathways that influence metabolism, embryogenesis, differentiation, migration, cell cycle progression and survival. Recently, GSK-3 has been implicated in leukemia stem cell pathophysiology and may be an appropriate target for its eradication. In this review, we will discuss the roles that GSK-3 plays in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis as how this pivotal kinase can interact with multiple signaling pathways such as: Wnt/β-catenin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras/Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Notch and others. Moreover, we will discuss how targeting GSK-3 and these other pathways can improve leukemia therapy and may overcome therapeutic resistance. In summary, GSK-3 is a crucial regulatory kinase interacting with multiple pathways to control various physiological processes, as well as leukemia stem cells, leukemia progression and therapeutic resistance. GSK-3 and Wnt are clearly intriguing therapeutic targets.
THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON THE CHOLINE REQUIREMENT
Authors: Gerald Klatskin, Willard A. Krehl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

The effect of alcohol on the choline requirement was assayed in weanling rats maintained on a basal diet of relatively low lipotropic activity containing the equivalent of 0.089 per cent choline. Alcohol was administered as a 15 per cent solution in lieu of drinking water. The incidence of renal cortical necrosis, the increase in kidney weight, and the mortality rate at the end of 14 days served as indices of choline deficiency. Under these conditions alcohol-fed animals developed more severe signs of choline deficiency than either pair-fed controls or pair-fed isocaloric controls receiving a sucrose supplement instead of alcohol. The addition of as little as 0.08 per cent of choline to the basal diet abolished these differences. It was concluded that (a) alcohol increases the choline requirement, and may, thus, induce a state of relative deficiency when the diet is marginal in lipotropic activity, and (b) this effect is independent of the caloric intake. The possible significance of these observations in relation to chronic alcoholism in the pathogenesis of Laennec's cirrhosis has been discussed.
Inhibition of urokinase-type plasminogen activator delays expression of c-jun, activated transforming growth factor β1, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 during post-hepatectomy liver regeneration in mice
Authors: Kazuhiko Nomura, Shinichi Miyagawa, Koichi Ayukawa, Junpei Soeda, Shun-ichiro Taniguchi, Seiji Kawasaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Abstract 5237: Interrogating cell heterogeneity and dormancy in prostate cancer disseminated tumor cells
Authors: Nazanin S. Ruppender, Lisha Brown, Roger Coleman, Bryce Lakely, Ilsa Coleman, Christopher Welty, Roman Gulati, Peter S. Nelson, Paul H. Lange, Eva Corey, Robert Vessella, Colm Morrissey
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Dissemination of tumor cells to the bone is an early event in prostate cancer (PCa) and is often insufficient by itself for the development of metastases; while PCa cells may be present in bone marrow, not all patients develop tumors in the bone. Therefore, the characterization of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow is important. We hypothesize that profiling gene expression in DTC could identify molecular cues that determine why some DTC are dormant, which dormant cells have the potential to reactivate, and which DTC will remain dormant. Our objectives were: (1) to develop a method to profile the transcriptome of individual PCa cells, (2) use the method to profile tumor cell heterogeneity and markers of dormancy in individual DTC from patients, and (3) use LuCaP xenograft lines to examine tumor cell heterogeneity and dormancy in vitro. We have demonstrated previously that we can obtain 15,441 positive probes from one PCa cell using a high stringency cut off on Agilent 44K oligonucleotide arrays. Furthermore, using the same high stringency cut off, the sensitivity and specificity between 1 and 10 cells was 0.640 and 0.946 respectively, demonstrating a very low false positive rate. Using this methodology, we are comparing the gene expression profile of 10 individual DTC from each of 5 patients with no evidence of disease four years after radical prostatectomy and 10 individual DTC from each of 5 patients with advanced metastatic disease. Additionally, our laboratory has developed 24 LuCaP PCa xenografts that do not proliferate in typical in vitro cell culture conditions. However, we have developed a technique using reactive bone marrow stroma that allows for in vitro culture and proliferation of these xenografts. Thus, we are comparing individual LuCaP cells in three cellular ‘states’ in vitro (1) dormant, (2) activated, and (3) inactivated to interrogate tumor cell heterogeneity and identify markers of tumor cell dormancy. Using this new technique for in vitro culture of xenografts, we show that cell contact, not only to the underlying stroma but also to other tumor cells, is required for proliferation of LuCaP cells in vitro. Furthermore, we show that proliferating, “active” LuCaP cells can be induced to enter a dormant, “inactive” state through lack of cell-cell contact. In conclusion, our studies will address the heterogeneity of single DTC isolated from the bone marrow of patients with PCa, and using both clinical and experimental specimens, identify potential genes associated with dormancy in PCa. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5237. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5237
The Lambeth Conventions (II): Guidelines for the study of animal and human ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Michael J. Curtis, Jules C. Hancox, András Farkas, Cherry L. Wainwright, Catherine L. Stables, David A. Saint, Hugh Clements-Jewery, Pier D. Lambiase, George E. Billman, Michiel J. Janse, Michael K. Pugsley, G. André Ng, Dan M. Roden, A. John Camm, Michael J.A. Walker
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013)
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: JULIAN C. SLEEPER, EDWARD S. ORGAIN, HENRY D. MCINTOSH
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The clinical features of 16 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension are reviewed. Repeated cardiac catheterizations at intervals of 1 to 4 years during the course of the disease were performed in five patients. In three of the five patients there was a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure, total pulmonary resistance, and a decline in cardiac output. In two patients the pulmonary hemodynamics remained unchanged between studies at intervals of 2 and 4 years. Arterial oxygen saturation decreased with progression of the disease, presumably reflecting the appearance of an uneven distribution of pulmonary capillary flow. The course of the illness was variable and unaffected by any mode of therapy, including long-term anticoagulation.
Strontium ranelate for the treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Ignac Fogelman, Glen M Blake
Journal: BMJ (2005)

producing a true blueprint for optimum growth and how well the new charts actually fit to the growth of infants in the United Kingdom.If they pass the test, for the first time infants worldwide could be compared with the same growth standard, with breast fed infants rightly established as the norm with which all other infants should be compared.
WHO annual report finds world at a crossroad on tuberculosis
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Despite some successes in worldwide attempts to deal with tuberculosis, “the global fight against the disease remains fragile,” says the World Health Organization in its latest update on the disease. 

Commenting on the situation, Mario Raviglione, director of the WHO stop TB department, said, “In the space of 17 years 51 million people have been successfully treated and cared for according to WHO recommendations. This milestone reflects the commitment of governments to transform[ing] the fight against TB.” Without this treatment some 20 million people would have died, he …
Case of Deformed Pelvis--Caesarian Operation--Death
Authors: F. Cox
Journal: BMJ (1844)

rtain the head of the bone .insitu.Cut away the ii6le of the muscle& and tend6ns surrounding tbis johit, and ytn will, find that the capsular ligament $asw no powew to retain the head of the humerus in #e g f&oid ci ity hut that, on the contrary, it is sd c t inid loose as to-Udl6* the bone to, drop, and thus to become-dislocatl, The same thing is observed in, p&ralysia, where,' from wasting of the muscles, thbe.humerus dibps 8*ay from the scapula, and becomes subluxated.Ia %the ginglymoii jDints, the muscles and ,tendons, passing in front-and behind) confer grpat strength on the part, whilst the knee joint is entirely dependent for its atMeriot capsule on the expansi4hn' of ,the quadncep eattesor Amoris museles.We also observe a very wise toviilonin some of the joints, espeeiallyin thedelbow andshoulder, where the muscles adheringto the S =capsular and posterior ligaments of the 3oidts, at the time of this contraction, draw out the 'ligatnent, and thus prevent its being bruised or crushed betwreen the moving bones.I shall have to direct your attettion to some of the phenomena of muscular contraction, when we come to the c&uses and treatment of dislocations.
μHall Chip for Sensitive Detection of Bacteria
Authors: David Issadore, Hyun Jung Chung, Jaehoon Chung, Ghyslain Budin, Ralph Weissleder, Hakho Lee
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Sensitive, rapid and phenotype‐specific enumeration of pathogens is essential for the diagnosis of infectious disease, monitoring of food chains, and for defense against bioterrorism. Microbiological culture and genotyping, techniques that sensitively and selectively detect bacteria in laboratory settings, have limited application in clinical environments due to high cost, slow response times, and the need for specially trained staff and laboratory infrastructure. To address these challenges, we developed a microfluidic chip‐based micro‐Hall (μHall) platform capable of measuring single, magnetically tagged bacteria directly in clinical specimens with minimal sample processing. We demonstrated the clinical utility of the μHall chip by enumerating Gram‐positive bacteria. The overall detection limit of the system was similar to that of culture tests (∼10 bacteria), but the assay time was 50‐times faster. This low‐cost, single‐cell analytical technique is especially well‐suited to diagnose infectious diseases in resource‐limited clinical settings.
An Introduction to Experimental Pathology
Authors: S. L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Readers of this new impressive book who persevere through the introductory barriers of towering philosophical profundities will discover that it contains a wealth of information on latest research techniques that fulfill all requirements of refinement, elegance, and sophistication. It should prove particularly useful to inexperienced researchers. Even an unsophisticated onlooker will be edified by the panoramic approach of new research methods. He will marvel at the ingenuity with which diverse and often contradictory data are woven together in logical sequences. He may, however, find the labyrinthine complexities of minute details somewhat indigestible and may even be vexed by innumerable threeletter contractions of long terms as well as by the introduction of newly coined and unfamiliar technical expressions. Codified language must be necessary, since it is so widely employed, but the cynical-minded may suspect that scientific snobbishness is as contagious as any other variety. Are such expressions as "tingible substantiveness" really
Oxygen concentrators in the home.
Authors: P. Bardsley, P. Howard
Journal: BMJ (1988)

ment (with generation of damaging free radicals by leuco- cytes), and the thrombotic cascade.At least one study has shown that small pore filters in the arterial line do not prevent the cerebral complications of bypass.7The importance of scrupulous control of the cerebral circulation just before the patient is put on to bypass has been shown by Nevin et al.8They found that avoiding hypocapnia just before bypass significantly reduced the incidence of persistent neuro- psychological deficits (carbon dioxide is a potent cerebral vasodilator).The main pharmacological candidates for protecting the brain from ischaemia are barbiturates, calcium entry blockers (nimodipine, flunarizine), free radical scavengers (vitamins E and C), and excitatory amino acid inhibitors.Recently excitement was generated when Nussmeier et al showed that thiopental given in a high enough dose to maintain cerebral electrical silence may protect patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass from persistent neuropsychiatric deficit.9Stroke and disabling neuropsychological deficit do occur after coronary artery bypass grafting, but the long term risk to function is small.Cardiopulmonary bypass is responsible for most but not all the risk, but as many of these operations continue to be performed even this small risk is important.Reduction of the risk seems to depend on even more complex care over anaesthetic technology and technique, perhaps with the addition of positive protection to limit the damaging effect of any unpreventable cerebral ischaemia.
The Usefulness of Brain Damage Markers in Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Osman Sonmez, Ercan Erdogan, Soner Sarı, Abdurrahman Tasal, Mehmet Akif Vatankulu, Emrah Sevgili, Parviz Jaferov, Ahmet Bacaksiz, Murat Turfan, Omer Goktekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Emotional Disturbance and American Social Change, 1944-1969
Authors: H. STUART HUGHES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

The great social shocks of the mid-60s—war, riots, and assassinations—have convinced many of America's young people that our society is sick. While acknowledging that evidence of society's malfunctioning is tangible and irrefutable, the author believes there is something profoundly illiberal in the mental set that finds sickness all around us. Psychiatry, which grew up in a liberal historical context, is currently torn between a defense of its traditional standards and a temptation to appease the new tendencies. But he believes that in spite of pressures for quick answers and slipshod methods, there is no excuse for panic: the liberal temper of mind has not lost its relevance.
David Shaw Dick
Authors: Margaret Newton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

British family planning doctor whose assisted suicide in a Swiss clinic refuelled UK euthanasia debate Anne Turner's final trip to continental Europe was one she resented having to make.She loved travelling to Europe, often for the opera.But having decided to kill herself, she felt frustrated at the need to leave the comfort of her cosy bungalow in Bath.However, with typical self assurance, Dr Turner made precise plans.She would die in Switzerland on 24 January 2006, the day before her 67th birthday.Events early in the childhood of the woman dubbed "Boadicea" by a friend can probably be credited for the independence and strength of character that she exhibited throughout her life.Just 18 months after her birth in Harrogate in 1939, she was evacuated, with her sister, from war torn Europe to Vancouver in Canada.She only just made it.A German U boat sank the vessel behind the one in which she was travelling and such evacuations promptly ceased.But having safely reached North America, she enjoyed living with cousins and a grandmother.In 1945 however, she returned to Westerham, Kent, in England and to parents she didn't know-and to the austere, postwar landscape.She would later joke that it felt as if she had been evacuated to the United Kingdom rather than returned home.After her carefree existence in Canada, the grey skies, food rations, and lack of central heating did not endear her to her native land.Her father, a civil servant, and her mother, a local councillor, were strict and somewhat distant parents.So being packed off to boarding school in 1952 seemed more like a release than a frightening trip into the unknown.Shortly after leaving school a lifethreatening adder bite provided a first glimpse of her mortality.Her response was not fear but curiosity.And from this near-death experience she decided that dying was as easy as going to sleep.In 1958 she went to St Thomas' to study medicine.On the first day she met her future husband, Jack Turner.After qualifying, they worked in the south of England before settling in Bath, where they found jobs in general practice and began a family.Anne Turner soon developed an interest in family planning, and was to play a key role
Dose-Response Effect of Fruit and Vegetables on Insulin Resistance in People at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ian R. Wallace, Claire T. McEvoy, Steven J. Hunter, Lesley L. Hamill, Cieran N. Ennis, Patrick M. Bell, Chris C. Patterson, Jayne V. Woodside, Ian S. Young, Michelle C. McKinley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the dose-response effect of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake on insulin resistance (IR) in people who are overweight and at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A total of 105 participants (mean age 56 years) followed a 4-week washout diet (one to two portions of F&Vs per day). Ninety-two participants completed the washout and were randomized to receive one to two, four, or seven portions of F&Vs per day for 12 weeks. IR was assessed at the start and end of this 12-week period by the two-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Compliance was monitored using a combination of 4-day food diaries and plasma biomarkers of F&V intake. A total of 89 participants completed the study. Participants attained self-reported F&V intakes of 1.8, 3.8, and 7.0 portions per day (P < 0.001) per group. There was a significant linear increase in serum lutein status across the groups, indicating good compliance (P < 0.001), and body weight was maintained (P = 0.77). No significant difference was found between groups in terms of a change in measures of whole-body, peripheral, or hepatic IR or adiponectin multimers. Increased consumption of F&Vs, as advocated in public-health advice, has no effect on IR in overweight individuals who are at high risk of CVD when body weight is maintained. Recent evidence from systematic reviews indicates that particular classes or types of F&Vs may have particular antidiabetic properties; hence, it is possible that benefits may only be observed in response to a more specific fruit or vegetable intervention.
Initial Biopsy Outcome Prediction—Head-to-Head Comparison of a Logistic Regression-Based Nomogram versus Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Felix K.-H. Chun, Markus Graefen, Alberto Briganti, Andrea Gallina, Julia Hopp, Michael W. Kattan, Hartwig Huland, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Childhood Leukemic Heart Disease
Authors: J. E. SUMNERS, W. W. JOHNSON, L. E. AINGER
Journal: Circulation (1969)

One hundred sixteen hearts of children dying with leukemia during the 5-year period of 1962 to 1967 were examined at necropsy. Forty-four per cent of the patients had at least one focus of leukemic infiltration, a slightly higher incidence than previously reported. The evidence suggests that peripheral leukocyte count, type of leukemia, and length of survival are factors that influence cardiac infiltration. Increased survival time due to improved therapy may explain the increase in percentage of hearts with leukemic infiltration. Electrocardiographic patterns, in general, were found, as previously reported, to be nonspecific for leukemic myocardial infiltration. Cardiac hypertrophy of significant degree was found in 33 of 99 hearts evaluated for this aspect. Anemia, intrinsic to leukemia, is proposed as the principal factor responsible for this hypertrophy inasmuch as all possible alternate mechanisms were excluded and since previous clinical as well as experimental animal studies clearly have shown that chronic anemia frequently results in cardiac hypertrophy regardless of the etiology of the anemia.