tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic mapping of two blood pressure quantitative trait loci on rat chromosome 1.
Authors: L Gu, H Dene, A Y Deng, B Hoebee, M T Bihoreau, M James, J P Rapp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

A genetic map for rat chromosome 1 was constructed using 66 microsatellite markers typed on either or both of two populations derived from inbred Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats: F2(LEW x S) n = 151, and F2(WKY x S) n = 159. These populations had been raised on a high salt (8% NaCl) diet. Systolic blood pressure and heart weight were found to be genetically linked to two separate regions on rat chromosome 1 in the F2(LEW x S) population. One region was centered around the anonymous SA locus and accounted for 24 mmHg of blood pressure. The other region was 55 cM from the SA locus centered around a cluster of cytochromes P450 loci, and accounted for 30 mmHg of blood pressure. Since blood pressure and heart weight were highly correlated these same regions were also linked to heart weight. These results were cross-specific as linkage of these chromosome 1 regions to blood pressure and heart weight was not observed in several other F2 populations derived by crossing S and other normotensive control strains. This is presumably due to different alleles and/or different genetic backgrounds in the various populations. The SA region of chromosome 1 was found to influence body weight in F2(LEW x S) rats. Combining the present data with our previously published data on the F2(LEW x S) population showed that four separate quantitative trait loci with additive effects accounted for 106 mmHg and 38% of the total variance of blood pressure and for 506 mg and 34% of the total variance of heart wt.
Chaos and non-linear phenomena in renal vascular control
Authors: K.-P. Yip, N.-H. Holstein-Rathlou
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Renal autoregulation of blood flow depends on the functions of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) system and the myogenic response of the afferent arteriole. Studies of the dynamic aspects of these control mechanisms at the level of both the single nephron and the whole kidney have revealed a variety of non-linear phenomena. In halothane-anesthetized, normotensive rats the TGF system oscillates regularly at 2-3 cycles/min because of the non-linearities and the time delays within the feedback system. Oscillations are present in single nephron blood flow, tubular pressure and flow, and in the tubular solute concentrations. Nephrons deriving their afferent arteriole from the same cortical radial artery are entrained, and consequently oscillate at the same frequency. Experimental studies have shown that the synchronization is due to an interaction of the TGF between nephrons. A necessary condition for the interaction is that the nephrons derive their blood supply from the same cortical radial artery. Development of hypertension is associated with a shift from periodic oscillations of tubular pressure to random-like fluctuations. Numerical analyses indicate that these fluctuations are an example of deterministic chaos. Experimental studies show that the development of hypertension is associated with an increase in strength of the interaction between nephrons. Mathematical models suggest that an increased nephron-nephron interaction could cause a bifurcation in the dynamics of TGF from periodic oscillations to deterministic chaos. In addition to the TGF mediated oscillation, experimental studies have also demonstrated the presence of a faster oscillation, this having a frequency of 120-160 mHz. This is caused by a mechanism intrinsic to the vascular wall, and presumably represents the well-known phenomenon of vasomotion. Using newly developed non-linear analytical methods non-linear interactions between vasomotion and the TGF mediated oscillation were detected both in single nephron and in whole kidney blood flow. The physiological significance of these non-linear phenomena in renal vascular control is discussed.
Common problems in gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: M R B Keighley
Journal: Gut (1990)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are increasingly popular in hospital medicine and general practice and are readily available over the counter. The vast majority of healthy children who ingest therapeutic doses of NSAIDs for a limited duration tolerate them without any significant adverse effects. However, the risk of renal toxicity is potentially increased in situations where there is stimulation of the renin–angiotensin system such as with volume depletion or in pre-existing chronic renal disease. We describe four cases which illustrate this complication occurring in a children’s hospital. We have not proven cause and effect, but further research is needed to define the true risk of the potential renal complications of NSAIDs in patients at risk of dehydration.
Tropical sprue in Hong Kong.
Authors: J. F. Webb, B. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Tropical Sprue-O'Brien and England BRITmsu ml.compared with a mean level of 4.3 mpg.for the latter group.In a population in the tropics where folate deficiency was common sprue might also be expected to be common. SummaryThe clinical and pathological findings in 42 patients with " military tropical sprue" from South-east Asia are described.In the early stages intestinal malabsorption of fat, xylose, and vitamin B.,, mild jejunal change, and folate deficiency were
Drug points: Anaphylactic-like reaction associated with oral budesonide
Authors: M Heeringa
Journal: BMJ (2000)

quantity of paracetamol ingested was reduced; this measure is often unreliable, but in this study it was associated with a reduction in paracetamol concentration at 4-6 hours and decreased use of antidote.Early administration of the antidote was probably the reason why tests of liver function revealed no changes after the introduction of smaller packets.Unlike Prince et al, 4 we found no reduction in the number of severe paracetamol overdoses; the only benefit we noted was a reduction in costs because fewer antidotes were given and there were fewer hospital admissions.As in other studies on the impact of reducing the availability of paracetamol, 4 5 a cause and effect relationship could not be identified.A number of factors-notably a change in medical practice and case mix-could have influenced the results.Although necessarily retrospective, this study has a number of strengths that make it more likely that the findings represent a change in overdose behaviour: there was a single observer, almost all cases of poisoning were identified, there was a time lag of three months between the date of law change and the second study period, and relatively objective measures were compared (number of admissions, paracetamol concentration, and use of antidote).We conclude that measures to restrict the availability of paracetamol have reduced the amount taken in single overdoses but not the incidence of severe liver failure.
WHEN SHOULD PATIENTS BE ADVISED TO EAT EVERYTHING?
Authors: BOARDMAN REED
Journal: JAMA (1901)

There can be no question that a large proportion of the chronic ailments from which mankind suffers are mainly direct or indirect consequences of wrong eating and drinking, the secondary effects being produced through autointoxication. However, other hygienic faults are frequently added factors in the causation. The ailments thus induced may include not only the well-recognized diseases of the alimentary system, but also an endless number and variety of more or less obscure conditions of impaired health, ranging from insufficiency of bowel movements or of renal excretion and affections of the skin, to organic disease of the heart, vessels and kidneys as well as apoplexy and many organic changes in the nervous system. They include especially a number of cases of neurasthenia and other vague derangements of the health in ways that often seem very mysterious until a proper, interrogation of the digestive organs by the recent exact methods reveals
Emergency Drug Therapy
Authors: John H. van de Leuv
Journal: JAMA (1991)

On the whole, this is a very good book and of use  the daily practice of emergency medicine. It will have a tough time breaking the emergency physician's instinct of grabbing for the PDR or Sanford's Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy or going to the computer to bring Emergindex to the screen. It is hard to break old habits.  My practice is to test a book in the field, ie, to bring it to the emergency department and compare the applicable contents with the current treatment modes for the condition at hand. This not only avoids the need to read every word of every chapter, but also gets a more valid review.   Emergency Drug Therapy sports an impressive list of contributors. Many are big names  the specialty. A heartening note is that of 30 contributors, only five are  nonemergency fields.  As with any multiauthored book, the style varies,
In vitro functional capabilities of canine polymorphonuclear neutrophils collected simultaneously by continuous‐flow centrifugation and continuous‐flow filtration leukopheresis
Authors: Lloyd O. Cook, Laurence A. Boxer, John M. Allen, John A. Griep, Robert L. Baehner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were simultaneously collected from dogs by continuous‐flow centrifugation and continuous‐flow filtration leukapheresis. In vitro studies were performed on cells obtained by the two methods as well as on control cells. Studies consisted of assessment of phagocytic capacity, degranulation, chemotaxis, hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activity, and bacterial killing. The cells obtained from the filter were metabolically more active than those harvested by centrifugation, as evidenced by increase in resting HMP shunt activity and dimunition in total available lysozyme‐secreting activity compared to centrifuged cells. Despite their impaired phagocytic capacities, the filtered cells were able to kill Staphylococcus aureus as efficiently as the centrifuged cells. Both cell populations responded to chemotactic gradients equally.
T-cell independent IgM and enduring protective IgG antibodies induced by chimeric measles viruses
Authors: Thomas Fehr, Hussein Y. Naim, Martin F. Bachmann, Adrian F. Ochsenbein, Pius Spielhofer, Etienne Bucher, Hans Hengartner, Martin A. Billeter, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Skin Sensitization to Remiderm and Cross-sensitization to Hydroxyquinoline Compounds
Authors: C. F. Allenby
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Anaphylactoid Reaction to Penicillin-Fox EDITSHAL and usually, as in the present case, constructional apraxia will be detected with or without ideational apraxia, alexia, or sensory agnosia.Interpretation of Gerstmann's syndrome as an easily demonstrated and memorable pointer to diffuse cerebral damage accords well with this case, where there is no reason to suspect a highly focal lesion.Gerstmann's syndrome does not seem to have been reported in association with penicillin anaphylaxis.There can be little doubt that in this case the curious neurological manifestations were secondary to hypotension and cerebral oedema associated with anaphylactoid shock. SummaryAn anaphylactoid reaction to oral penicillin in a 46-year-old woman is described: after hours of unconsciousness and weeks of confusion she was left with a residual Gerstmann's syndrome.These reactions are less rare than is generally supposed.Symptomatology, treatment, diagnosis, and mechanism are discussed, and some of the relevant literature is briefly reviewed.Thanks are due to Dr. Harold W. Salmon for
Utilization of the Residual Plasma Following Preparation of Factor VIII Cryoprecipitate
Authors: Harold A. Oberman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The supernatant plasma remaining after factor VIII cryoprecipitate preparation is a most useful product and should not be returned to the plasmapheresis donor or to the refrigerator as factor VIII-poor whole blood. Stable coagulation factors are well preserved for up to 35 weeks at refrigerator temperature and for as long as one year in the frozen state. This enhances the usefulness of this product for treatment of patients with hemophilia B or with deficiencies of other stable coagulation factors. Preparation of the plasma from preselected donors of the type AB blood permits its use as a medium for reconstitution of packed cells for exchange transfusion, or as a volume expander. Moreover, use of this by-product reduces the cost of cryoprecipitate treatment for the patient with hemophilia A.
Management of oesophageal carcinoma with associated lung tuberculosis
Authors: L. Kotsis, M. Póczi, K. Orbán
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

To the Editor: 

Several oesophageal diseases due to tuberculosis such as fistula 1, 2, 3, ulcer 4 and perforation 5 have been published in the literature, but very few studies have been published on lung tuberculosis associated with oesophageal carcinoma, which represents an uncommon therapeutic challenge.

Between 1988–2000, 14 patients with uni- or bilateral lung tubeculosis and associated middle-, upper- or lower-third oesophageal carcinoma were managed at our clinic. All patients, with the exception of two, had a marked body weight loss (>10 kg), and deeply altered pulmonary functions. Three types of treatment modalities were used in this series, subtotal or partial oesophageal resection and intubation. …
Reactive Hyperemia After Release of Coronary Spasm
Authors: Hiroki Sugihara, Noriyuki Kinoshita, Yoshihiko Adachi, Masayuki Hyogo, Akihiro Azuma, Masao Nakagawa
Journal: Circulation (1999)

E xercise stress perfusion imaging was performed in a 55-year-old man suspected of having angina pectoris.During mild exercise, he had chest pain, and an ECG showed ST-segment elevation in leads aVL and V 1 through V 4 .Then, 370 MBq of 99m Tc-tetrofosmin was injected intravenously, and 1 minute after injection, 0.3 mg of nitroglycerin was administered sublingually twice. 201 Tl 111 MBq was injected intravenously immediately after disappearance of chest symptoms and ST-segment elevation (Ϸ5 minutes after 99m Tc-tetrofosmin injection).Dual single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) images were obtained 30 minutes after injection of 99m Tc-tetrofosmin.Myocardial per-
Complexed Prostate Specific Antigen Density is Better Than the Other PSA Derivatives for Detection of Prostate Cancer in Men with Total PSA between 2.5 and 20ng/ml: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Sinan Sözen, Saadettin Eskicorapci, Bora Küpeli, Lokman İrkilata, Mert Altinel, Gökhan Özer, Cemil Uygur, Turgut Alkibay, Haluk Özen
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Hyperthermia Sensitizes Glioma Stem-like Cells to Radiation by Inhibiting AKT Signaling
Authors: Jianghong Man, Jocelyn D. Shoemake, Tuopu Ma, Anthony E. Rizzo, Andrew R. Godley, Qiulian Wu, Alireza M. Mohammadi, Shideng Bao, Jeremy N. Rich, Jennifer S. Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) are a subpopulation of cells in tumors that are believed to mediate self-renewal and relapse in glioblastoma (GBM), the most deadly form of primary brain cancer. In radiation oncology, hyperthermia is known to radiosensitize cells, and it is reemerging as a treatment option for patients with GBM. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of hyperthermic radiosensitization in GSCs by a phospho-kinase array that revealed the survival kinase AKT as a critical sensitization determinant. GSCs treated with radiation alone exhibited increased AKT activation, but the addition of hyperthermia before radiotherapy reduced AKT activation and impaired GSC proliferation. Introduction of constitutively active AKT in GSCs compromised hyperthermic radiosensitization. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K further enhanced the radiosensitizing effects of hyperthermia. In a preclinical orthotopic transplant model of human GBM, thermoradiotherapy reduced pS6 levels, delayed tumor growth, and extended animal survival. Together, our results offer a preclinical proof-of-concept for further evaluation of combined hyperthermia and radiation for GBM treatment. Cancer Res; 75(8); 1760–9. ©2015 AACR.
Food production and food safety
Authors: T A B Sanders
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editorials by Brundtland and Pershagen 

Most food is now produced by large farms, processed industrially, and sold in supermarkets and multinational food outlets. Modern food production has reduced the cost and increased the variety of food available, but this centralisation of the food supply presents an opportunity for foodborne pathogens and toxins to infect and poison large numbers of consumers.1 Furthermore, the globalisation of food trade means that food can become contaminated in one country and cause outbreaks of foodborne illness in another.2–4 Modern food production is so complex that a systematic approach is needed to identify the hazards at each point in the food chain.

### Summary points

I made an electronic search of the Medline database between January 1990 and May 1999, using the search terms food poisoning and epidemiology, food additives and adverse effects, pesticides and poisoning, and food contamination. Statistical information on the incidence of food poisoning and adverse reactions was obtained from the Public Health Laboratory Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; and the UK Department of Health. Data on food surveillance was obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. Information on risk assessment was derived from working papers of the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius …
Urea-Creatinine Ratio
Authors: Sumner Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Sumner Marshall, in "Urea-Creatinine Ratio in Obstructive Uropathy and Renal Hypertension" (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:719 [Nov 23] 1964), indicated that an increased ratio of urea to creatinine differentiated obstructive urinarytract disease from inherent renal disease causing azotemia. In my experience, no such differentiation can be made. In acute renal insufficiency from many causes and in acute obstructive processes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) rises precipitously in comparison to the creatinine. However, after many weeks or months, plasma creatinine also rises to decrease the original dissociation. Thus, it is simply a matter of the rapidity of the renal damage and the timing of the tests. Because of the slow endogenous production of creatinine, plasma creatinine levels increase much more slowly than urea levels with either type of renal damage. An increase in the ratio of urea to creatinine only means a rapid type of renal insufficiency, obstructive or otherwise.
Earnings of General Practitioners
Authors: E. Platts
Journal: BMJ (1973)

14 years of age.She was admitted to this hos- pital at 38 weeks' gestation (before the onset of labour) with signs and symptoms suggestive of intra-abdominal haemorrhage.At laparotomy the upper end of the "classical" hysterotomy scar had ruptured completely and a portion of the underlying placenta was protruding through it.There was about 24 1. of fluid and clotted blood in the peritoneal cavity.Caesarian supravaginal hysterectomy was performed and both mother and child survived, but the former required blood transfusions totalling 3 1.
Review: Some drugs are effective for preventing migraine headache; limited evidence exists on the relative effectiveness of drugs
Authors: Renato Roxas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club16 November 2010Review: Some drugs are effective for preventing migraine headache; limited evidence exists on the relative effectiveness of drugsRenato Roxas Jr, MDRenato Roxas Jr, MDWayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA (R.R.J.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-10-201011160-02004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationPringsheim T, Davenport WJ, Becker WJ. Prophylaxis of migraine headache. CMAJ. 2010;182:E269-76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20159899Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Neurology: References1 Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Diamond S, Diamond ML, Reed M. Prevalence and burden of migraine in the United States: data from the American Migraine Study II. Headache. 2001;41:646-57. [PMID: 11554952] Google Scholar2 Snow V, Weiss K, Wall EM, et al. Pharmacologic management of acute attacks of migraine and prevention of migraine headache. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:840-9. [PMID: 12435222] Google Scholar2 Freeman MC. Migraine-preventive medications: guidelines for success. Psychiatric Times. 2006. www.psychiatrictimes.com/display/article/10168/56621 (accessed 27 Sep 2010). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA (R.R.J.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 November 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 November 2010Volume 153, Issue 10Page: JC5-4KeywordsDrugsMigraineProphylaxisResearch designRiboflavinSodiumSystematic reviews ePublished: 16 November 2010 Issue Published: 16 November 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Police investigate "euthanasia" deaths
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Police and health officials are investigating at least 50deaths of patients around England amid accusations that the deaths were hastened by denying the patients intravenous fluids.

The inquiries centre on hospitals in Derby, Surrey, Kent, and Sussex. Most of the inquiries are looking into individual cases, but the Derby investigation is probing the deaths of 40patients with dementia on a psychogeriatric ward at the Kingsway Hospital between 1993and 1997.In a …
Nitroglycerin and Other Nitrites in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Authors: JOSEPH E. F. RISEMAN, GEORGE E. ALTMAN, SIDNEY KORETSKY
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The close chemical relationship between glyceryl trinitrate and erythrol tetranitrate suggests that these 2 drugs, despite clinical evidence to the contrary, should be equally effective in preventing attacks of angina pectoris. This proved to be true when the drugs were administered by the same route. Thus, erythrol tetranitrate when administered sublingually (instead of being swallowed, as is the custom) behaves like nitroglycerin and is one of the most effective vasodilators available. Conversely, nitroglycerin when swallowed (instead of being taken sublingually, as is the custom) is ineffective and erratic in activity. A similar striking increase in vasodilating action on sublingual administration is seen also with mannitol hexanitrate and triethanolamine trinitrate and to a lesser extent with pentaerythritol tetranitrate but not with sodium nitrite. The prolonged effect of erythrol tetranitrate, when administered sublingually or in the buccal pouch, makes it particularly valuable in the clinical management of patients with angina pectoris.
Association of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia and Scabies
Authors: Makoto Kobayashi
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report by Waldhorn et al (1982;247:1860) of a fatal case of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia (PCP) in a homosexual man is of great interest.<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia is exclusively a disease of immunocompromised hosts. We report herein a case of PCP in a previously healthy woman with no history of abnormal sexual behavior or drug abuse. The disease was diagnosed by transbronchial biopsy and was cured by the oral administration of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Although there was no evidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, she was concurrently afflicted with scabies. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 36-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of diffuse, fluffy shadows in both lung fields. She had worked as a dressmaker for ten years, and her husband was healthy. A chest roentgenogram taken five months earlier for an annual checkup was normal, and her only complaint on admission was exertional dyspnea of