tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Health Authorities Bill
Authors: J. Gabbay
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Behind the Health Authorities Bill (about to complete its parliamentary stages) seethes a mass of unresolved tensions. On the face of it, all the bill will do is streamline the upper echelons of management in the NHS. It follows a major review of the NHS in 1993,1 which recommended that to refine the internal market the NHS should replace the old regional tier with eight new regional offices of the central NHS Executive and should enable the formation of local commissioning agencies from merged district health authorities and family health services authorities.2

Yet these small readjustments in bureaucracy will highlight at least three substantial areas of contention that are already pulling the NHS in different directions. Firstly, what will be the balance of power between the central NHS headquarters and the front line? Secondly, who will hold sway in the local purchasing of health care—the health commissions or the fundholding general practitioners—and will it really be led as intended by primary care? Thirdly, how will the decisions be made—by the market, by political forces, or by scientific evidence?

These three sets of interrelated opposing tensions threaten to undermine what would otherwise be the next logical step in improving how the service is organised. Concerns about the bill have also centred on more detailed matters such as who will hold junior doctors' contracts as they rotate among trusts, how postgraduate and continuing medical education will be coordinated, whether regional directors …
Single-dose Treatment of Oxyuriasis with Pyrvinium Embonate
Authors: A. S. Desai
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL JOURNALcurvature ulcer after 10 weeks on 1-4delta-methy1hydrocortisone; a barium-meal examination just prior to treatment showed nothing abnormal.With this point in mind I have examined the case histories of all patients with gastric ulcer confirmed by barium-meal examination in the x-ray department of the Radcliffe Infirmary during the four years 1957-61.During this period there were two lesser-curvature steroid ulcers, as well as three of the greater-curvature steroid ulcers mentioned in this article.The above facts suggest that steroids are a frequent cause of greater-curvature ulcers.It is there- fore important for the radiologist to examine the greater curvature very carefully in patients who are taking steroids; bearing in mind that it is often more difficult to detect ulcers at this site in view of the tendency of barium to " pocket " between the coarser mucosal folds along the greater curvature.An ulcer crater may be dismissed as such a " pocket," as happened in Case 2. Summary Four cases of steroid-induced benign greater- curvature gastric ulcers are recorded.There is evidence to suggest that m patients on steroid therapy there is a greater tendency to form ulcers on the greater curvature.Greater-curvature steroid ulcers form a group of greater-curvature ulcers which may be diagnosed as such radiologically and are without exception benign.I am indebted to Dr.
Epidermal cytokeratin and immunocyte responses during treatment of psoriasis with calcipotriol and betamethasone valerate
Authors: J. BERTH-JONES, A. FLETCHER, P.E. HUTCHINSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Changes in epidermal immunocytes and cytokeratins were investigated during treatment of psoriasis with calcipotriol and betamethasone valerate. Skin biopsies were obtained from 10 subjects on each treatment from lesional and non‐lesional skin at baseline, and from treated lesions after 4 weeks. In each subject, changes in expression of cytokeratins K5, K10 and K16, and changes in epidermal immunocyte counts were assessed. Responses were compared with a separate histological parameter of improvement, epidermal thickness. Both treatments produced a marked normalization of cytokeratins. The reduction of K16 expression was similar on each treatment and correlated significantly with reduction in epidermal thickness. Expression of both K5 and K10 improved less than thickness with betamethasone valerate but more than thickness with calcipotriol, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. With calcipotriol there was an increase in K5 and K10 responses with increasing response of epidermal thickness, which was not seen with betamethasone valerate. T6+ cells, HLA‐DR+ dendritic cells and T lymphocytes were all reduced by betamethasone valerate. There was a remarkable similarity in the level of normalization between cell types and also between cellular response and reduction in thickness. Calcipotriol produced a similar consistent reduction in cell numbers and in thickness, with the exception of T6+ cells which increased in some subjects during treatment. Only in subjects in whom thickness had virtually returned to normal was there a marked decrease in T6+ cells.
Polymerase Chain Reaction: Powerful Tool Coming of Age
Authors: L. Tune
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Polymerase Chain Reaction: Powerful Tool Coming of Age Get access Lee Tune Lee Tune Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 13, 4 July 1990, Pages 1093–1094, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.13.1093 Published: 04 July 1990
THE PHYSICIAN AND THE PHARMACIST.A Volunteer Paper read in the Section on Materia Medica and Pharmacy at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: L. CH. BOISLINIERE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

A few words of protest and advice are herein offered from an old practitioner. I believe in the profession of pharmacy and I highly respect the pharmacists. They are the hand-maids of the physicians and our best friends, often our useful advisers. The two professions should work in harmony, one not encroaching upon the specialty of the other. Therefore the pharmacist should not tolerate any counter-prescribing, and the physician should not dispense his own medicines. I therefore most strongly protest against the custom, lately too frequently resorted to by physicians, of distributing among their patients any of the potent triturates, or dosimetrie granules, so elegantly put upon the market by otherwise reliable wholesale dealers. This practice is enticing, but it is often dangerous. This protest applies chiefly to the city physicians; an exception should be made in favor of the country practitioners. For them it may be sometimes absolutely necessary
β cell expression of IGF-I leads to recovery from type 1 diabetes
Authors: Mónica George, Eduard Ayuso, Alba Casellas, Cristina Costa, Jean Christophe Devedjian, Fatima Bosch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Patients with type 1 diabetes are identified after the onset of the disease, when β cell destruction is almost complete. β cell regeneration from islet cell precursors might reverse this disease, but factors that can induce β cell neogenesis and replication and prevent a new round of autoimmune destruction remain to be identified. Here we show that expression of IGF-I in β cells of transgenic mice (in both C57BL/6–SJL and CD-1 genetic backgrounds) counteracts cytotoxicity and insulitis after treatment with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ). STZ-treated nontransgenic mice developed high hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, lost body weight, and died. In contrast, STZ-treated C57BL/6–SJL transgenic mice showed mild hyperglycemia for about 1 month, after which they normalized glycemia and survived. After STZ treatment, all CD-1 mice developed high hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, polydipsia, and polyphagia. However, STZ-treated CD-1 transgenic mice gradually normalized all metabolic parameters and survived. β cell mass increased in parallel as a result of neogenesis and β cell replication. Thus, our results indicate that local expression of IGF-I in β cells regenerates pancreatic islets and counteracts type 1 diabetes, suggesting that IGF-I gene transfer to the pancreas might be a suitable therapy for this disease.
SARCOMA OF THE TESTICLE.
Authors: A. L. WOLBARST
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Tumors of the testicle are fairly often seen in genitourinary practice, but their diagnosis is not always a simple matter. Especially is this true of malignant growths, because of their close clinical resemblance to tuberculous and syphilitic deposits. Hence the interest in the unusual case herein reported. When a man presents himself with an abnormally large testicle or a large mass in the scrotum, we have to think of numerous conditions that might be causative factors, and as a matter of clinical interest I have enumerated the following formidable list of possible conditions that must be thought of: Tuberculosis, syphilis, malignant and benign growths, inflammatory and noninflammatory orchitis and epididymitis, hydrocele, varicocele, hematocele, spermatocele, cystic growths, torsion of the testicle, intestinal hernia, contusions and wounds of the testicle, hemorrhagic infarcts of the testis, fungus, and general hypertrophy of the testicle. Most of these conditions are easily diagnosed. Thus, varicocele is
Daubert v Merrell Dow: Scientific Evidence in the Courtroom
Authors: Roger D. Klein
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their article, Dr Gold and colleagues<sup>1</sup>commend a recent Supreme Court decision that interpreted a Federal Rule of Evidence addressing the courtroom admissibility of scientific evidence. The authors portray the Court as striking an effective compromise between those seeking stringent standards of admissibility in order to prevent scientifically unproven testimony from being presented at trial and those arguing for looser standards in order that potentially valuable testimony not be excluded. One cannot fault the Court for its reasonable interpretation of a Federal Rule of Evidence that has been legislatively enacted. However, the rule itself as chronicled by Huber<sup>2</sup>appears to be part of a general trend replacing established concepts of causation with chains of causal elements extending through time and place. Courts can use discretion in placing the costs of injuries on various elements along the causal chain, at times supported by dubious economic
Mechanism of All-<i>Trans</i>Retinoic Acid Effect on Tumor-Associated Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Yulia Nefedova, Mayer Fishman, Simon Sherman, Xingyu Wang, Amer A. Beg, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play an important role in tumor escape by suppressing T-cell responses. MDSC represent a group of cells of myeloid lineage at different stages of differentiation. Increased arginase activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are among the main functional characteristics of these cells. Recent studies have shown that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) had a potent activity in eliminating MDSC in cancer patients and in tumor-bearing mice. ATRA differentiates these cells into mature myeloid cells. However, the mechanism of this effect is unclear. Here, we have shown that ATRA dramatically and specifically up-regulated gene expression and protein level of glutathione synthase (GSS) in MDSC. This resulted in accumulation of glutathione (GSH) in these cells, observed in both mice and cancer patients. Blockade of GSH synthesis cancelled the effect of ATRA on MDSC. Accumulation of GSH in these cells using N-acetyl-l-cysteine mimicked the effect of ATRA on MDSC differentiation. Analysis of potential mechanisms of ATRA effect on GSS revealed that ATRA regulates its expression not by directly binding to the promoter but primarily via activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2. Thus, ATRA induced differentiation of MDSC primarily via neutralization of high ROS production in these cells. This novel mechanism involves specific up-regulation of GSS and accumulation of GSH and could be used in developing and monitoring therapeutic application of ATRA. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):11021–8]
Ga-67 Uptake in Granulomatous Slack Skin
Authors: H Verlooy, K Marien, L Vanneste, P Devos, L Mortelmans, D Knockaert, M De Roo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Granulomatous slack skin (GSS) is a very rare condition. The disorder has two characteristic features: a cutis laxa and an unusual histiocytic granulomatous infiltration of the skin lesions. Extremely slow evolution results in progressive systemic involvement and, in one third of the cases, evolution to Hodgkin's disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of gallium-67 uptake in GSS.
Bile acid N-acetylglucosaminidation. In vivo and in vitro evidence for a selective conjugation reaction of 7 beta-hydroxylated bile acids in humans.
Authors: H U Marschall, H Matern, H Wietholtz, B Egestad, S Matern, J Sjövall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The aim of this study was to define whether N-acetylglucosaminidation is a selective conjugation pathway of structurally related bile acids in humans. The following bile acids released enzymatically from N-acetylglucosaminides were identified: 3 alpha,7 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic (ursodeoxycholic), 3 beta, 7 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic (isoursodeoxycholic), 3 beta,7 beta-dihydroxy-5 alpha-cholanoic (alloisoursodeoxycholic), 3 beta,7 beta-dihydroxy-5-cholenoic, 3 alpha,7 beta,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic, and 3 alpha,6 alpha,7 beta-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acids. The selectivity of conjugation was studied by administration of 0.5 g ursodeoxycholic (UDCA) or hyodeoxycholic (HDCA) acids, labeled with 13C, to patients with extrahepatic cholestasis, and of 0.5 g of 13C-labeled chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) to patients with extra- or intrahepatic cholestasis. After administration of [24-13C]-CDCA, labeled glucosides, and the glucuronide of CDCA were excreted in similar amounts. Labeled N-acetylglucosaminides of UDCA and isoUDCA were also formed. When [24-13C]-UDCA was given, 13C-label was detected in the N-acetylglucosaminide, the glucosides, and the glucuronide of UDCA, and in the N-acetylglucosaminide of isoUDCA. In the patient studied, 32% of the total UDCA excreted in urine was conjugated with N-acetylglucosamine. In contrast, 96% of the excreted amount of [24-13C]HDCA was glucuronidated, and 13C-labeled glucosides but no N-acetylglucosaminide were detected. The selectivity of N-acetylglucosaminidation towards bile acids containing a 7 beta-hydroxyl group was confirmed in vitro using human liver and kidney microsomes and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine. These studies show that N-acetylglucosaminidation is a selective conjugation pathway for 7 beta-hydroxylated bile acids.
Acid aspiration-induced lung injury in rabbits is mediated by interleukin-8-dependent mechanisms.
Authors: H G Folkesson, M A Matthay, C A Hébert, V C Broaddus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Acid aspiration lung injury may be mediated primarily by neutrophils recruited to the lung by acid-induced cytokines. We hypothesized that a major acid-induced cytokine was IL-8 and that a neutralizing anti-rabbit-IL-8 monoclonal antibody (ARIL8.2) would attenuate acid-induced lung injury in rabbits. Hydrochloric acid (pH = 1.5 in 1/3 normal saline) or 1/3 normal saline (4 ml/kg) was instilled into the lungs of ventilated, anesthetized rabbits. The rabbits were studied for 6 or 24 h. In acid-instilled rabbits without the anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody, severe lung injury developed in the first 6 h; in the long-term experiments, all rabbits died with lung injury between 12 and 14 h. In acid-instilled rabbits given the anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody (2 mg/kg, intravenously) either as pretreatment (5 min before the acid) or as treatment (1 h after the acid), acid-induced abnormalities in oxygenation and extravascular lung water were prevented and extravascular protein accumulation was reduced by 70%; in the long-term experiments, anti-IL-8 treatment similarly protected lung function throughout the 24-h period. The anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody also significantly reduced air space neutrophil counts and IL-8 concentrations. This study establishes IL-8 as a critical cytokine for the development of acid-induced lung injury. Neutralization of IL-8 may provide the first useful therapy for this clinically important form of acute lung injury.
Influences of Pre- and Postnatal Nutritional Exposures on Vascular/Endocrine Systems in Animals
Authors: Joseph J. Hoet, Susan Ozanne, Brigitte Reusens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Human epidemiological and animal studies have revealed the long-term effects of malnutrition during gestation and early life on the health of the offspring. The aim of the current review is to survey the different means of achieving fetal malnutrition and its consequences, mainly in animals, and to identify key areas in which to direct future research. We address the impact of various models of a maternal protein-restricted diet and global maternal caloric restriction (either through the reduction of nutrient supply or through mechanic devices), the influence of maternal diabetes, and other maternal causes of fetal damage (maternal infections and toxic food components). More specifically, we enumerate data on how the different insults at different prenatal and early postnatal periods affect and program the development and the function of organs involved in diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Particular emphasis is given to the endocrine pancreas, but insulin-sensitive tissues, kidneys, and vasculature are also analyzed. Where available, the protective effects of maternal food supplementation for fetal organ development and function are discussed. Specific attention is paid to the amino acids profile, and the preventive role of taurine is discussed. Tentative indications about critical time windows for fetal development under different deleterious conditions are presented whenever possible. We also discuss future research and intervention.
Early postoperative reduction of monoclonal antimyosin antibody uptake is associated with absent rejection-related complications after heart transplantation.
Authors: M Ballester, D Obrador, I Carrió, C Moya, J M Augè, R Bordes, V Martí, I Bosch, L Bernà-Roqueta, M Estorch
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Detection and treatment for rejection after transplantation are based on the identification of myocyte damage upon endomyocardial biopsy. Noninvasive detection of such damage is possible with 111In-labeled monoclonal antimyosin antibodies (MAA). Although the presence and degree of MAA uptake parallels the rejection activity detected by biopsy, the relation between the degree of uptake and the occurrence of severe rejection-related complications has not been previously assessed.Two hundred forty-seven MAA studies were performed coinciding with biopsies in 52 patients 1-71 months after transplantation. A heart-to-lung ratio (HLR) was used as a measure of relative MAA uptake, with an HLR of 1.55 discriminating normal from abnormal studies. Of the 247 antimyosin studies, 149 coincided with absent, 38 with mild, and 60 with moderate rejection at biopsy. HLR was 1.68 +/- 0.27, 1.79 +/- 0.22, and 1.91 +/- 0.33 in the three biopsy groups, respectively (p less than 0.0001). Two hundred thirty-eight of 247 antimyosin studies coexisted with absent rejection-related complications; in nine of 247 patients, such complications were detected (five congestive heart failure episodes due to rejection and four episodes of vascular occlusion, which resulted in five deaths), and mean HLR was 1.74 +/- 0.3 and 2.1 +/- 0.16 in the two groups, respectively (p less than 0.0001). No complications were noted in 193 studies of patients with HLR of less than 2.00, whereas in nine of 45 with HRL of 2.00 or greater, complications occurred (p less than 0.0001). None of the 23 patients prospectively followed since surgery who had a gradual decrease in MAA uptake during the first 3 months showed rejection-related complications, whereas persistent uptake was associated with complications in five of nine patients (p less than 0.001).No rejection-related complications are seen coinciding with HLR of less than 2.00, whereas patients who have complications have an HLR of more than 2.00. The early 3-month pattern of decreasing MAA uptake is associated with a clinical course free of rejection-related complications, whereas a persistent pattern is a signal of the possibility of such complications.
Ultraviolet Hemolysis in Hematologic Disorders
Authors: Edward Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1963)

PRIOR STUDIES by Sonne 1 and by Blum and Cook 2-5 have been concerned with the mechanism and kinetics of hemolysis induced by ultraviolet energy. No clinical studies of ultraviolet hemolysis (UVH) have been found. Our preliminary abstract 6 reported the finding of marked resistance in vitro to UVH in certain diseases. Subsequently we have found that plasma factors, not erythrocyte abnormalities, are largely if not entirely responsible for the increased resistance. In the present report, the disease states associated with resistance to UVH are listed, and the clinical significance and mechanism of the phenomenon are discussed.  Materials and Methods  UVH was studied in 221 subjects. A survey to determine whether abnormal UVH is associated with any particular disease states included 28 healthy persons and 168 patients at the University of California Medical Center and the San Francisco General Hospital. Studies to elucidate the mechanism were made in an
Results of a Multicenter Retrospective Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Charles I. Berul, George F. Van Hare, Naomi J. Kertesz, Anne M. Dubin, Frank Cecchin, Kathryn K. Collins, Bryan C. Cannon, Mark E. Alexander, John K. Triedman, Edward P. Walsh, Richard A. Friedman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Serum amyloid a low-density lipoprotein complex: A novel prognostic marker in stable coronary heart disease
Authors: Makoto Sahara, Ken Ogasawara, Tadanori Aizawa, Yoichirou Wada, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Shinichi Mashiba, Kazuo Uchida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
CEA-S — A More Specific CEA?
Authors: Norman Zamcheck, Herbert Z. Kupchik, Gabor Pusztaszeri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

IN the current issue of the Journal, Edgington et al. report an assay for an isomeric species of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA-S), a glycoprotein similar to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) isolated from colonic cancer that appears to be at least as sensitive as CEA in the detection of digestive tract cancer (80 per cent positivity) and colonic cancer (86 per cent) while yielding fewer elevated (or "positive") CEA-S values with other cancers (primarily breast and lung) and with non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract. Many investigators have been searching for such a tumor marker for use as a potential screening test . . .