tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gas Exchange Response to Short-Acting β<sub>2</sub>-Agonists in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Severe Exacerbations
Authors: Eva Polverino, Federico P. Gómez, Hernán Manrique, Néstor Soler, Josep Roca, Joan Albert Barberà, Roberto Rodríguez-Roisin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Short-acting β2-agonists are one of the mainstays of bronchodilator strategy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The assessment of pulmonary gas exchange after salbutamol in COPD severe exacerbations remains unknown.Objectives: We investigated whether the effects of nebulized salbutamol during COPD severe exacerbations are associated with further deterioration of pulmonary gas exchange.Methods: We examined patients with severe COPD when hospitalized for exacerbation (n = 9), and while in stable convalescence.Measurements and Main Results: We assessed spirometry, arterial blood gases, systemic hemodynamics, and V̇/Q̇ relationships 30 and 90 minutes after administration of 5.0 mg salbutamol. At exacerbation, compared with baseline, 30 minutes after salbutamol administration, cardiac output (Q̇) increased (from 6.5 ± [SEM] 0.4 to 7.3 ± 0.5 L · min−1) (p < 0.03) alone, without inducing changes in gas exchange indices. When in convalescence, compared with baseline, 30 minutes after salbutamol, there was an increase in Q̇ (from 5.7 ± 0.5 to 7.0 ± 0.6 L · min−1) and V̇o2 (from 211 ± 12 to 232 ± 11 ml · min−1) (p < 0.002 each), whereas PaO2 decreased (from 71 ± 4 to 63 ± 3 mm Hg) and alveolar–arterial Po2 difference increased due to increased perfusion of low–V̇/Q̇-ratio regions (from 4.5 ± 2.6 to 9.6 ± 4.1% of Q̇) (p < 0.05); SaO2 (93 ± 2%) and PaCO2 (43 ± 2 mm Hg) remained unchanged. This deleterious gas exchange response persisted at 90 minutes.Conclusions: At exacerbation, salbutamol does not aggravate pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities. When in convalescence, however, baseline lung function improvement was associated with a detrimental gas exchange response to salbutamol, resulting in further V̇/Q̇ imbalance and small decreases in PaO2 compounded by small increases in Q̇ and V̇o2.
FDA Opioid Safety Plan Promotes Patient, Physician Education to Prevent Abuse
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Persistent Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Adult Brain Determines Neural Stem Cell Positional Identity
Authors: Rebecca A. Ihrie, Jugal K. Shah, Corey C. Harwell, Jacob H. Levine, Cristina D. Guinto, Melissa Lezameta, Arnold R. Kriegstein, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Primary mediastinal tumours in Iceland 1956-70
Authors: J. G. Hallgrimsson
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Seventeen histologically proved cases of primary mediastinal tumours were diagnosed in Iceland in 1956-70, during which period the average population was 180,000. Sixteen of these cases, seen at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Landspítalinn, Iceland, are analysed. The patients9 ages ranged from 1 to 59 years; 6 were males and 10 were females. Their symptoms are described. The commonest histological types were cysts (31·2%) followed by lesions of lymphatic origin (25%); 62·5% of the tumours were benign and 37·5% malignant. The commonest sites were the anterior and posterior compartments where 62·6% of the tumours were located. Radical excision was performed in 11 cases, partial excision in one case, and biopsy of the mediastinal tumour in five cases. There were no postoperative deaths. Further details of each case are given and the fates of the patients have been traced.
Scintigraphic Localization of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: James C. Sisson, Marc S. Frager, Timothy W. Valk, Milton D. Gross, Dennis P. Swanson, Donald M. Wieland, Michael C. Tobes, William H. Beierwaltes, Norman W. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

We used a new radiopharmaceutical agent, [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG), to produce scintigraphic images of pheochromocytomas in eight patients. One day or more after injection, the only normal organ that displayed distinct concentrations of radioactivity was the urinary bladder. The [131I]MIBG was probably concentrated in adrenergic vesicles; in tissues where vesicles are numerous, such as pheochromocytomas, the radionuclide was retained for days. The spectrum of pheochromocytomas shown the scintigrams was broad: intra-adrenal and extraadrenal in location, benign and malignant in character, 0.2 to 65 g in weight, and with different hormone patterns in secretion. Tumors in four patients were not detected by computed tomography. In one patient, reoperation was undertaken only because the scintigram located the extra-adrenal tumors and thereby directed the surgeon's exploration. The method offers hope of safe and reliable localization of pheochromocytomas in their many guises.
Has One Diabetic Complication Been Explained?
Authors: Albert I. Winegrad, David A. Simmons, Donald B. Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Recent developments suggest that the biochemical basis of diabetic polyneuropathy is now known, at least in broad outline. Polyneuropathy occurs in diverse hyperglycemic states that appear to have differing genetic and pathogenetic bases. The likelihood of clinical manifestations increases with the duration and severity of hyperglycemia,1 but the development of overt neuropathy is extremely variable, and it can be absent even after 40 years of poorly controlled juvenile diabetes. Since diabetic polyneuropathy has the pathological characteristics of a metabolic axonopathy,2 it appears that some metabolic factor common to diverse diabetic states governs the development of axonopathy but that the risk . . .
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH DOSAGE OF LIBRIUM
Authors: R. LAYTON MCCURDY, FRANCIS J. KANE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Orthostatic hypotension with tachycardia, of moderate proportions, is reported as accompanying the use of doses of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) of 200 to 500 mgm. daily. Drug was continued in use, with the patient remaining recumbent, and some adaptation seems to have occurred over a 6-day period.
Evidence-Based Persuasion
Authors: David Shaw, Bernice Elger
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Influence of the Sex Hormones on the Circulating Lipids and Lipoproteins in Coronary Sclerosis
Authors: M. F. OLIVER, G. S. BOYD
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The administration of ethinyl estradiol to 100 survivors of myocardial infarction resulted in uniform correction of the abnormal circulating lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Gynecomastia and depression of libido were well tolerated by the patients but were not ameliorated by an androgen preparation nor by a progesterone analogue. Methyl testosterone, which partly inhibited the estrogen effect, increased the concentration of cholesterol on the beta lipoprotein fraction. Progesterone had no significant effect on the circulating lipids and lipoproteins. Assessment of the effect of ethinyl estradiol on human atherogenesis must depend on long-term evaluation of its influence on morbidity and mortality rates.
Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Arthur J. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This single-authored, colorfully illustrated book provides an excellent written and visual presentation of the complex biochemical and physiological pathways of lipoprotein metabolism. The book meets the primary goal of the author—to show how abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism relate to the development of various dyslipidemias and clinical atherosclerosis. The first of four major units covers cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease, including cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism and transport, the steps in atherogenesis, and the evidence supporting the cholesterol— coronary disease relationship. The unit on classification of lipid disorders is more clinically oriented and provides a useful outline of causes of genetic and acquired hypercholesterolemia. The approach to dietary therapy for hyperlipidemia is rational, buttressed by graphic presentation of appropriate mechanistic metabolic pathways. Finally, indications and practical recommendations for drug therapy for hyperlipidemia are given. Information is accumulating rapidly about cholesterol and fatty acid transport; the origin and role of very low—density
Natural progesterone, but not medroxyprogesterone acetate, enhances the beneficial effect of estrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal women
Authors: Giuseppe M.C Rosano, Carolyn M Webb, Sergio Chierchia, Gian Luigi Morgani, Michele Gabraele, Phillip M Sarrel, Dominique de Ziegler, Peter Collins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Case 33-1977
Authors: Richard Masters, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 46-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a rash.She was well until six months previously, when an erythematous, nonscaling, pruritic eruption developed over the cheeks, neck and shoulders during a difficult time in the management of her husband's terminal illness. A dermatologist gave intramuscular injections of an adrenocorticosteroid and prescribed an ointment. The rash slowly improved but flared up four months before admission at the time of her husband's death. She saw another dermatologist, who prescribed chloral hydrate, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and an adrenocorticosteroid ointment, with much improvement in four days.During a week . . .
Alexithymia and the Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotion
Authors: James D.A. Parker, Graeme J. Taylor, Michael Bagby
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

Slides of photographs depicting posed facial expressions of nine different emotions were presented to 131 females and 85 males who were asked to identify the emotion(s) being experienced by the person in each photograph. Subjects were then administered the 20-item version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale; the 33rd and 66th percentiles were used to categorize subjects into high, moderate, and low alexithymia groups. Results showed that the high alexithymia group was significantly less able to recognize facial expressions of emotions than the low alexithymia group. There was no significant effect for gender on the ability to recognize facial emotions. The results suggest the presence of deficits in the perception of nonverbal emotion in alexithymia.
Rubella Immunization Risks
Authors: John L. Sever
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Evrard is quite correct. Approximately 53,000 pregnant women were studied; 7,507 of these women had a second pregnancy, and 424 had their second pregnancy within two months following delivery. Based on this data, 5.6% of the women who had a second pregnancy did so within two months following delivery. It is in this group, which is somewhat younger in age, that there is a possible risk to the fetus associated with rubella immunization. For the total population, including those who did not have a second pregnancy during the study, 0.8% had a second pregnancy within 60 days following delivery. Among the 52,576 women who had their second pregnancy more than two months after delivery and those who had no second pregnancy, there appears to be no basis for concern at this time, relative to fetal damage following maternal immunization.
Educational Programs in US Medical Schools, 1998-1999
Authors: Barbara Barzansky
Journal: JAMA (1999)

To describe the current status of medical education programs in the United States and to trace trends in medical education over this century, we used data from the 1998-1999 Liaison Committee on Medical Education Annual Medical School Questionnaire, which had a 100% response rate, and data from other sources. In 1998-1999, total full-time faculty members numbered 98202, a 1.5% increase from 1997-1998. The number of applicants to medical school declined for the second consecutive year, from 43020 in 1997 to 41004 in 1998, but the academic qualifications of entering students remained steady. The number of applicants from underrepresented minority groups decreased 1.3% from 1997 to 1998, compared with an 11.1% decrease between 1996 and 1997. Women constituted 43.4% of applicants in 1998, slightly more than the 42.5% in 1997. The total number of required hours in the first and second years of the curriculum and the number of scheduled hours per week have declined over the past 15 years, while the average lengths of clinical clerkships remained about the same. The number of schools requiring students to pass Steps 1 and 2 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination continued to increase in 1998-1999, with 50% of schools requiring passing both examinations, compared with 46% in 1997-1998.
INCREASED BONE MARROW METABOLIC ACTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS
Authors: Hamed Emami, Parmanand Singh, Megan MacNabb, Amparo Figueroa, Amr Abdelbaky, Khurram Nasir, Udo Hoffmann, Matthias Nahrendorf, Ahmed Tawakol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Recent Advances in Rheumatology, No. 3
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Rheumatic Disease, by Hilary A. Capell, T. J. Daymond, and W. Carson Dick (Treatment in Clinical Medicine, John L. Reid, ed), 196 pp, paper, $15, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1983.  W. Carson Dick is the connecting link between these two very different books. The first, a hard-cover volume, is the third in a series of reviews of the newest advances in rheumatology.  The authors, with two exceptions, are drawn from England and Scotland. The two outsiders make notable contributions: Dr S. Brighton of Pretoria, South Africa, writes about rheumatology and the Third World. I cannot recall seeing a similar discussion elsewhere, and Dr Brighton presents some fascinating observations. His own studies in the Venda area of northern South Africa and of Venda tribesmen living elsewhere in that country have been expanded since he wrote this chapter, and we impatiently await his findings. There is enough in this chapter, however, to whet
The American Health Care System: Its Genesis and Trajectory
Authors: Vernon E. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This is a remarkable book in several aspects. First, it displays the result of a tremendous amount of effort and thought in perusing the germane literature. Second, it is impressively lucid, in spite of its comprehensive coverage. Third, the perspective is worthy of note. Although the author has clearly admitted biases, this in no way detracts from the value of the impressive body of information which he has assembled. The author has been, primarily, a hospital-based physician and administrator. He searches for solutions to the total health care system through organizational concepts in an administrative rather than a social sense. While indicating the need to develop a system that is much more responsive, he proposes to pursue that objective through more rigid institutionalization of the health care system. Few students of the social sciences will accept the philosophy that vesting more authority and responsibility into increasingly large organizations will result
Atrial natriuretic peptide(31-67) inhibits Na+ transport in rabbit inner medullary collecting duct cells. Role of prostaglandin E2.
Authors: M E Gunning, H R Brady, G Otuechere, B M Brenner, M L Zeidel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)(31-67), a portion of the atrial peptide prohormone, circulates in humans, and its plasma level varies with atrial pressure. Like the more widely studied carboxy-terminal fragment ANP(99-126), ANP(31-67) stimulates natriuresis and diuresis. We examined the mechanism of this natriuresis by measuring the effects of ANP(31-67) on Na+ transport in cells of the rabbit inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). ANP(31-67) (10(-8) M) caused a 26 +/- 4% inhibition of oxygen consumption (QO2); half-maximal inhibition occurred at 10(-11) M, suggesting a physiologic effect. This effect was not additive with either ouabain or amiloride, suggesting that it reflected inhibition of Na+ transport-dependent QO2. ANP(31-67) reduced the amphotericin-induced stimulation of QO2 consistent with inhibition by this peptide of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. In addition, ANP(31-67) reduced ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake under Vmax conditions. Several lines of evidence indicated that PGE2, a known endogenous IMCD Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, mediates pump inhibition by ANP(31-67). Thus, ANP(31-67) inhibits Na+ transport by inhibiting the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase of IMCD cells, an effect mediated by the generation of PGE2.
Mast‐cell interleukin‐1β, neutrophil interleukin‐17 and epidermal antimicrobial proteins in the neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis in Schnitzler's syndrome
Authors: H.D. Koning, I.M.J.J. Vlijmen‐Willems, D. Rodijk‐Olthuis, J.W.M. Meer, P.L.J.M. Zeeuwen, A. Simon, J. Schalkwijk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Schnitzler's syndrome (SchS) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by a chronic urticarial rash, a monoclonal component and signs of systemic inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-1β is pivotal in the pathophysiology.Here we investigated the cellular source of proinflammatory mediators in the skin of patients with SchS.Skin biopsies of lesional and nonlesional skin from eight patients with SchS and healthy controls, and patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), delayed-pressure urticaria (DPU) and cold-contact urticaria (CCU) were studied. We studied in vivoIL-1β, IL-17 and antimicrobial protein (AMP) expression in resident skin cells and infiltrating cells. In addition we investigated the in vitro effect of IL-1β, IL-17 and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly:IC) stimulation on cultured epidermal keratinocytes.Remarkably, we found IL-1β-positive dermal mast cells in both lesional and nonlesional skin of patients with SchS, but not in healthy control skin and CCU, and fewer in CAPS. IL-17-positive neutrophils were observed only in lesional SchS and DPU skin. In lesional SchS epidermis, mRNA and protein expression levels of AMPs were strongly increased compared with nonlesional skin and that of healthy controls. When exposed to IL-1β, poly:IC or IL-17, patient and control primary human keratinocytes produced AMPs in similar amounts.Dermal mast cells of patients with SchS produce IL-1β. This presumably leads to activation of keratinocytes and neutrophil influx, and further amplification of inflammation by IL-17 (from neutrophils and mast cells) and epidermal AMP production leading to chronic histamine-independent neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis.
Medical justice for undocumented migrants
Authors: *Frank Arnold, Iain Chalmers, Andrew Herxheimer, George Lewith, Stephen Kennedy, Peter Kandela, David Nicholl, Daniel Campion, Hugh Morton, Ram Natarajan, Ruairidh Milne, Elaine Chung, Kim A Jobst, Peter McCulloch, David Halpin, Charmian Goldwyn, Chess Denman, Edmund Hey, John Zajicek, Jamie Fulton, Phil Alderson, Hywel Williams, Ruth Gilbert, Michael Baum
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
EFFECTS OF LOW VERSUS MODERATE-DOSE ATORVASTATIN IN 8-MONTH FOLLOW-UP CORONARY FLOW RESERVE AND STEM CELL MOBILIZATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Jae Hyoung Park, Soon Jun Hong, Seung Cheol Choi, Je Sang Kim, Chul-Min Ahn, Do-Sun Lim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Mandatory Premarital HIV Testing: The Illinois Experience-Reply
Authors: Bernard J. Turnock, Chester J. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> These reactions to our article on mandatory premarital testing for HIV by Drs Dykers, Silverman, and Stemp reflect widely varying approaches to establishing public policy that will maximally prevent and control further spread of this disease. The goals of mandatory premarital screening for HIV are the same as those listed by Dr Silverman for premarital syphilis screening. The effective screening program is, therefore, the one that best achieves those goals. The first of these goals, the identification and prevention of cases of infection, has already been discussed in our article. Screening other, comparable populations would identify significantly more individuals. While the seroprevalence rate for marriage license applicants was 0.02% during the first 18 months of the requirement, this is significantly lower than the 0.09% observed among childbearing women in Illinois, the 0.26% observed among clients of family planning clinics, and the 2.73% among clients of sexually transmitted