tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nylon Stocking Dermatitis
Authors: C. D. Calnan, H. T. H. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1956)

For comparison the structures of the anticonvulsants men- tioned above, in the enol forms, are: H 0 | H2 C6H5 0 \\,N\/ >N NHC ,fl O c '\'--OH ~~~~OH C2H5 C2H51
Neural reuse and human individual differences
Authors: Cristina D. Rabaglia, Gary F. Marcus
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract We find the theory of neural reuse to be highly plausible, and suggest that human individual differences provide an additional line of argument in its favor, focusing on the well-replicated finding of “positive manifold,” in which individual differences are highly correlated across domains. We also suggest that the theory of neural reuse may be an important contributor to the phenomenon of positive manifold itself.
Meeting report: 2009 international conference on molecular neurodegeneration May 18-20, 2009, Xiamen, China
Authors: Yunwu Zhang, Lisa Owens, Guojun Bu
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2009)

Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are great challenges as the aging population grows. To promote neurodegeneration research and to share recent progress in understanding molecular mechanisms underlying these devastating diseases, the journal Molecular Neurodegeneration and Institute for Biomedical Research, Xiamen University co-organized the 2009 International Conference on Molecular Neurodegeneration in Xiamen, China on May 18-20, 2009. The objectives of this meeting were to (1) promote cutting-edge neurodegeneration research in China and in neighboring Asian countries; (2) facilitate the exchange of information relevant to neurodegenerative research; (3) provide education opportunity for students, postdocs and physicians; and (4) provide a platform for investigators at different career levels to interact and network, and to foster collaborations at the international levels. About 100 investigators presented their recent discoveries with a wide range of scopes of neurodegeneration research, including new genes, molecular pathways, animal models, and potential therapeutics.
Production and Analysis of Health Indicators: The Role of Academia
Authors: Christopher J. L. Murray, Alan D. Lopez
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

CJLM works in academia generating health indicator estimates; is the Director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation; is a Professor of Global Health at the University of Washington; and from 1998 to 2003 worked at the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. ADL works in academia generating health indicator estimates; is a member of the editorial board for PLoS Medicine; is Head of the School of Population Health and Professor of Global Health at the University of Queensland; is an Affiliate Professor of Global Health at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation; and from 1980 to 2002 worked at the World Health Organisation in Geneva, Switzerland in a series of technical and senior managerial posts.



No specific funding was received for this study; however, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation is funded by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. No funding bodies had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Characteristics of patients with hepatitis C virus with and without GB virus C/Hepatitis G virus Co-infection and efficacy of interferon alfa
Authors: Masaru Enomoto, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Katsuhiko Fukuda, Tetsuo Kuroki, Motoharu Tanaka, Shuzo Otani, Masayuki Ogami, Takeyuki Monna
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infection seems to be common among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We studied retrospectively the proportions of patients with GBV-C/HGV RNA and antibodies to the GBV-C/HGV second envelope protein (anti-E2) among 149 subjects with chronic hepatitis C who had received interferon alfa. The clinical characteristics of patients with GBV-C/HGV RNA or anti-E2 were examined, as was the efficacy of the treatment. Stored serum specimens were tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and for anti-E2 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the 149 patients before therapy, 8 (5%) had GBV-C/HGV RNA only, 72 (48%) had anti-E2 only, and 4 (3%) had both. The mean age of patients with GBV-C/HGV RNA (some with anti-E2) was significantly less than that of patients with anti-E2 only. Results of laboratory and histological evaluations were not different depending on the presence of GBV-C/HGV RNA or anti-E2. The GBV-C/HGV RNA titer decreased during therapy in all 12 patients with GBV-C/HGV RNA; only 4, with a low titer before therapy and with anti-E2 detected at some time, had sustained clearance of GBV-C/HGV. Our results suggested that half of the patients with chronic hepatitis C had been exposed to GBV-C/HGV, but in almost all, the virus had been cleared; also, even chronic GBV-C/HGV infection did not affect the severity of the disease arising from HCV. Interferon alfa treatment was sometimes effective against GBV-C/HGV, and anti-E2 may be associated with clearance of GBV-C/HGV.
Therapeutic Algorithm Guided by Sequential 11C-Choline PET/CT in a Patient With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: JR Garcia Garzon, Pere Bassa, Marina Soler, Merce Moragas, Elena Llinares, Eduard Riera
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Antiandrogen therapy alone or combined with radical therapy is the first choice in diagnosis and recurrence of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, patients on androgen deprivation frequently show treatment resistance. In recent years, new treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have been developed. Clinical studies with docetaxel have shown its usefulness for first-line therapy, and different therapeutic algorithms with second-line drugs like abiraterone or cabazitaxel have also been proposed. Sequential metabolic study with PET/CT imaging with ¹¹C-choline may be important for assessing the right moment for administration each one of the therapeutic options.
Recognising meningococcal disease in primary care: qualitative study of how general practitioners process clinical and contextual information
Authors: S. Granier, P. Owen, R. Pill, L. Jacobson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Objectives: To describe the presentation of meningococcal disease in primary care; to explore how general practitioners process clinical and contextual information in children with meningococcal disease; and to describe how this information affects management. Design: Qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews. Setting: General practices in South Glamorgan. Subjects: 26 general practitioners who between January 1994 and December 1996 admitted 31 children (under 16 years of age) in whom meningococcal disease was diagnosed. Main outcome measures: Categories of clinical rules and techniques used by general practitioners in processing each case. Results: 22 children had rashes; in 16 of them the rashes were non-blanching. When present, a haemorrhagic rash was the most important factor in the doctor's decision to admit a child. 22 children had clinical features not normally expected in children with acute self limiting illnesses—for example, lethargy, poor eye contact, altered mental states, pallor with a high temperature, and an abnormal cry. Contextual information, such as knowledge of parents' consultation patterns and their normal degree of anxiety, played an important part in the management decisions in 15 cases. Use of penicillin was associated with the certainty of diagnosis and the presence and type of haemorrhagic rash. Conclusion: The key clinical feature of meningococcal disease—a haemorrhagic rash—was present in only half of the study children. The general practitioners specifically hunted for the rash in some ill children, but doctors should not be deterred from diagnosing meningococcal disease and starting antibiotic treatment if the child is otherwise well, if the rash has an unusual or scanty distribution, or if the rash is non-haemorrhagic. #### Key messages
Linkage disequilibrium mapping of a type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene (IDDM7) to chromosome 2q31–q33
Authors: J.B. Copeman, F. Cucca, C.M. Hearne, R.J. Cornall, P.W. Reed, K.S. Rønningen, D.E. Undlien, L. Nisticò, R. Buzzetti, R. Tosi, F. Pociot, J. Nerup, F. Cornélis, A.H. Barnett, S.C. Bain, J.A. Todd
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Lymphomatoid papulosis: A clinical and histopathologic review of 53 cases with leukocyte immunophenotyping, DNA flow cytometry, and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies
Authors: Rokea A. el-Azhary, Lawrence E. Gibson, Paul J. Kurtin, Mark R. Pittelkow, Sigfrid A. Muller
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1994)
Abstract 926: Experimental therapy of pancreatic cancer with KCN1, a novel anticancer agent targeting HIF-1α pathway
Authors: Wei Wang, Lin Ao, Xiangrong Zhang, Xu Zhang, Erwin G. Van Meir, Ruiwen Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hypoxia is a major driving force in a majority of human cancers and correlates with a poor outcome of cancer treatment. Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF1) has been identified as the key orchestrator of hypoxic response due to its transactivation of genes that are involved in many aspects of malignant tumor growth from cell survival and metabolism to angiogenesis and invasion. Thus, pharmacological targeting of HIF-1 represents a promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth and progression. The purpose of the present study was to determine anti-cancer activity and pharmacological properties of KCN1, a novel small molecule HIF-1α pathway inhibitor. We investigated the in vitro activity of KCN1 on the survival of several human pancreatic cancer cell lines, including HPAC, Panc-1 and BxPC3 cells. KCN1 exerted potent effects against the various cell lines, leading to a significant decrease in cell viability, and inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, leading to an arrest in the G1 phase. We also found that the expression of numerous proliferation-associated and cell cycle regulatory proteins were affected by KCN1. It reduced the expression of E2F1, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, Cdc25c and CDK 2, 4, and 6 and, conversely, increased p21 expression. Moreover, KCN1 inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer xenograft tumors in nude mice. There were no significant host toxicity and no gross organ abnormalities upon necropsy. We also developed an HPLC method for KCN1 quantitation and accomplished experiments to derive preclinical information for its further development. The HPLC method provided a linear detection of KCN1 in biological matrices in the range from 0.1 to 100 μM, and had a limit of quantitation of 0.085 μM in mouse plasma. KCN1 was relatively stable in plasma, being largely intact after an 8-hr incubation in mouse plasma at 37°C. The compound was extensively plasma bound, and was metabolized by S9 microsomal enzymes. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that KCN1 could be detected in tumors and all of the normal tissues examined. In conclusion, our preclinical data indicate that KCN1 is a potential therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer. The initial pharmacological data provide a basis for its future development as a preclinical and clinical lead HIF1 inhibitor. (This work was supported by NIH/NCI grant R01 CA116804.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 926. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-926
Hospital resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation in Brighton.
Authors: A F Mackintosh, M E Crabb, H Brennan, J H Williams, D A Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The overall results over three and a half years of the treatment of ventricular fibrillation secondary to ischaemic heart disease in the Royal Sussex County Hospital were reviewed. Records of all patients who were brought to hospital by resuscitation ambulances or who were admitted to the coronary care unit from any source were analysed. Eighty-seven of the 174 patients (50%) who developed ventricular fibrillation were discharged. The survivors included 13 out of 61 patients (21%) in whom fibrillation was secondary to cardiogenic shock or severe left ventricular failure. The presence of resuscitation equipment and nursing staff trained to use it in the general wards and emergency areas ensured a uniformly high success rate throughout the hospital, similar to that achieved in the coronary care unit. Prompt defibrillation in the general wards and the accident and emergency department may improve overall survival.
446. Inhibition of Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis by Expression of Cytoglobin In Vivo
Authors: Ruian Xu, Phillip Harrison, Xinyan Li, Miao Chen, Hua Li, Pik-to Cheung, Weidong Xiao, Farzin Farzaneh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is critical to the development of liver fibrosis. Cytoglobin (Cygb), a hexacoordinate cytoplasmic globulin, is up-regulated in activated rat HSC. The aim of this study is to investigate its role in HSC activation and hepatic fibrogenesis.
The polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis and evaluation of pulmonary infections.
Authors: N W Schluger, W N Rom
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

One of the most heralded developments in basic science to reach clinical application in recent years has been the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique of DNA amplification, which has already had an enormous effect on the way in which molecular biology research is done (and whose inventor, Kary Mullis, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 in recognition of the extraordinary impact of PCR technology on scientific research generally), was quickly appreciated by clinical investigators as having potentially widespread utility in the early diagnosis of a wide range of disorders, such as inherited illnesses and infectious diseases (1). This Commentary will review the application of PCR to the diagnosis and evaluation of respiratory infections. The underlying principle guiding this Commentary is that the ideal diagnostic test for respiratory infectious disease should have the following characteristics: high sensitivity and specificity, high positive and negative predictive value, rapid turnaround time, ease of performance, reliability across samples (the same sample tested repeatedly should give the same result) and across those performing the assay (different laboratories performing the assay on the same specimen will report the same result), and low cost. It is against these criteria that PCR will be measured in this review.
Book: Lies we Live by: The Art of Self-Deception
Authors: S. A Spence
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Eduardo Giannetti (translated by John Gledson) Bloomsbury, £7.99, pp 320 ISBN 0 7475 5294 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> When people tell lies we think we understand what they are doing. They know the truth themselves but instead of telling “the truth” to their victim they intend to create a false belief in that person's mind. Alternatively, deceivers might choose not actively to tell a lie but instead to dissimulate: in this scenario they withhold vital information. In the way of politicians, they are being “economical with the truth.” But what of self deception? Do we understand what is happening here? Certainly we use and hear the term commonly enough and there are philosophical tomes devoted to it. But can it … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Method for Measuring Cerebral Dysfunction in Patients with Liver Disease
Authors: R. Zeegen, J. E. Drinkwater, A. M. Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Objective tests of cerebral function were undertaken in 64 outpatients after portal decompression for intrahepatic portal hypertension. These involved scoring the errors in constructing a five-pointed star, and a simple modification of the Reitan trail making test. The first test was found to be less discriminating than the second. There was some correlation between the results and the presence or absence of overt encephalopathy, which—though generally mild—was present in 30 (47%) of the 64 patients.
Suppression of acute and chronic inflammation in tumor-bearing rats.
Authors: J P Brozna, P A Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Both acute and chronic cellular inflammatory reactions were suppressed in rats bearing malignant tumors. Inhibition of the acute inflammatory reactions was demonstrated in immune complex-induced vasculitis and in the accumulation of leukocytes in subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl sponges. Suppression of chronic inflammatory reactions was demonstrated in delayed type hypersensitivity skin reactions. In spite of these suppressed reactions, dermal reactivity to vasopermeability mediators was not diminished. Neither serum complement levels nor numbers of circulating leukocytes were depressed in animals with tumors. Suppression of inflammatory reactions was paralleled by a leukotactic defect which involved both neutrophils and monocytes. This defect could be ascribed to an abnormality in the serum that rendered both cell types leukotactically defective.
Immunohistochemical detection of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts and hepatitis B virus antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma and nontumorous liver tissue.
Authors: R M Santella, Y J Zhang, C J Chen, L L Hsieh, C S Lee, B Haghighi, G Y Yang, L W Wang, M Feitelson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Monoclonal antibodies recognizing the stable imidazole ring-opened form of the major N7-guanine aflatoxin B1-DNA adduct have been used in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assays to quantitate adduct levels in liver tissue. Methods were developed in AFB1-treated animals, then applied to paired tumor and nontumor liver tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma patients from Taiwan. An avidin-biotin complex staining method was also used for of the detection of hepatitis B surface (HBsAg) and X (HBxAg) antigens in liver sections. A total of 8 (30%) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples and 7 (26%) adjacent nontumor liver tissue samples from Taiwan were positive for AFB1-DNA adducts. For HBsAg, 10 (37%) HCC samples and 22 (81%) adjacent nontumorous liver samples were positive, and 9 (33%) HCC samples and 11 (41%) adjacent nontumor liver samples were HBxAg positive. No association with AFB1-DNA adducts was observed for HBsAg and HBxAg. These methods should be useful in determining the role of exposure in the induction of HCC in Taiwan.
Applying for disability living allowance.
Authors: P. Steadman
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Although the occurrence of disasters (either man-made or natural) has an impact on the economy, the impact of 9/11 was completely different from any other man-made disaster, especially in the global venture capital (VC) arena. This article analyzes the impact of man-made disasters from a historical perspective and the impact of 9/11 on the emergence of Islamic venture capital (IVC) in the Middle Eastern region. What makes VC and its variants, including IVC, more attractive in the present situation of financial crisis is that VC has inherent potential to transform the economy, which is the reason VC is preferred as an alternative financial instrument. An overview of the present scenario of IVC grants some insights on the future potential of the Middle Eastern region to become economically self-sustainable and the possibility of becoming an economic giant in the near future. And if in the Middle East, the problem of unemployment slowly dissipates the mind-set of younger generations may change positively, transforming their economy into a welfare economy rather than a warfare economy. <b>TOPICS:</b>Private equity, emerging, financial crises and financial market history
Surveys of patients satisfaction: I--Important general considerations.
Authors: R Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate if unemployment during an economic downturn is associated with mortality, even among men with markers of better health (higher cognitive function scores and qualifications), and to assess whether the associations vary by age at unemployment. <h3>Design</h3> Longitudinal register-based cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> Study entry was in 1990 and 2001 when Sweden was entering periods of significant economic contraction. <h3>Participants</h3> A representative sample of men from the general population (n=234 782) born between 1952 and 1956 who participated in military conscription examinations. Men in receipt of disability or sickness benefit at study entry were excluded. <h3>Main outcome measure</h3> All-cause mortality. <h3>Results</h3> Unemployment compared with employment in 1991 (ages 34–38 years) produced adjusted HRs (with 95% CIs) for all-cause mortality (3651 deaths) during follow-up to 2001 and after stratification by education of 2.35 (1.99 to 2.76) for compulsory education, 2.25 (1.97 to 2.58) for up to 3 years postcompulsory education and 1.90 (1.40 to 2.57) for more than 3 years postcompulsory education. When unemployment was compared with employment in 2001 (ages 45–49 years) with follow-up to 2010, the pattern of mortality risk (4271 deaths) stratified by education was reversed, producing adjusted HRs of 2.81 (2.47 to 3.21) for compulsory education, 2.87 (2.58 to 3.19) for up to 3 years postcompulsory education and 3.44 (2.78 to 4.25) for more than 3 years postcompulsory education. Interaction testing confirmed effect modification by age/period (p=0.003). The degree of gradient reversal was slightly less pronounced after stratification by cognitive function but produced a similar pattern of results (p=0.004). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Unemployment at older ages is associated with greater mortality risk than at younger ages, with the greatest relative increase in risk among men with markers of better health, suggesting the greater vulnerability of all older workers to unemployment-associated exposures.