tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A NEW NEEDLE HOLDER.
Authors: Jno. Madden
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The above drawing illustrates a needle holder which I have found more convenient than any other which I have heretofore used. The handle is of such size and shape that it can be firmly grasped by the hand. The two rings on the lower half of the handle are for the tips of the middle and third fingers, and the instrument is easily opened by grasping the upper half of the handle between the bases of the thumb and index finger and simply opening the hand. Two pieces of copper are set between the jaws, insuring the needle against slipping. In getting rid of the spring and lock, we are rid of parts which often annoy by getting out of order and retard our work. The grooved steel jaw is also often troublesome by breaking needles or tilting them in the wrong direction when they are firmly grasped. I believe
Clinical medical officers in a child health service.
Authors: D Court
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The novel pandemic betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected at least 120 million people since its identification as the cause of a December 2019 viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China. Despite the unprecedented pace of vaccine development, with six vaccines already in use worldwide, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 ‘variants of concern’ (VOC) across diverse geographic locales suggests herd immunity may fail to eliminate the virus. All three officially designated VOC carry Spike (S) polymorphisms thought to enable escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited during initial waves of the pandemic. Here, we characterize the biological consequences of the ensemble of S mutations present in VOC lineages B.1.1.7 (501Y.V1) and B.1.351 (501Y.V2). Using a replication-competent EGFP-reporter vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) system, rcVSV-CoV2-S, which encodes S from SARS coronavirus 2 in place of VSV-G, and coupled with a clonal HEK-293T ACE2 TMPRSS2 cell line optimized for highly efficient S-mediated infection, we determined that only 1 out of 12 serum samples from a cohort of recipients of the Gamaleya Sputnik V Ad26 / Ad5 vaccine showed effective neutralization (IC<sub>90</sub>) of rcVSV-CoV2-S: B.1.351 at full serum strength. The same set of sera efficiently neutralized S from B.1.1.7 and showed only moderately reduced activity against S carrying the E484K substitution alone. Taken together, our data suggest that control of some emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants may benefit from updated vaccines.
Recharging the batteries
Authors: K. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Beards: signs of wisdom or woolly thinking?beard,' shave less than their colleagues in the NHS.Why?Over 2000 years shaving habits have varied.Beards such as that worn by Van Dyke have eponymous status.Martial compared unshaven men to male goats, while Alexander led the Greeks and Scipio the Younger the Romans to shave daily-difficult without electric or modern safety razors.The comnage of many emperors and proconsuls depicts them bearded, and a young man's first shave of lanugo by the well paid tonsor was ceremonial-deposito barba.2St Clement of Alexandria thought shaving effeminate, and since the Council of Calcedon so required, clergy of the Orthodox Church wear beards, often of magnificent size.Many teachers of Islam and Judaism are also bearded.Though the early Western Christian Church required clergy to shave Clerici barbam ne nutriant-the portraits of sixteenth century popes show them bearded, but in 1863 this innovation was discouraged and most Catholic secular clergy now shave.'None of this resolves our disagreement.BP regards "Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown"4 as endorsement of the maturity of men who have beards.He thinks that it is absurd that the association between beards and academic status confirms their mutual undesirability.He believes a later levee for academics acceptable by efficient use of the remaining hours they work.
Antidepressants--yes or no?
Authors: R J Kerry, J E Orme
Journal: BMJ (1977)

and short answer to the overwhelming needs of patients whose medical symptoms of depression have their roots in alienation, loneliness, or unhappiness in their lives."Unfortunately, as the "former psychiatric patient" rightly emphasises (19 November, p 1351), these treatments are often not "a quick and short answer" in many cases; one wishes this could be so.But when this ex- patient refers to "frustration if dissatisfied with psychiatry" Dr Lieberman's point should be noted, that often the life circumstances that he mentions have to be taken into account.These presumably include poor housing or financial circumstances, unemploy- ment, interpersonal conflicts, physical illness, limited intelligence or personality attributes, and many of the other ills that can beset us.The term "unhappiness" is often more appropriate than the clinical description "depression".However, surely the significant qualifying factor is that many of these human problems may only to a limited extent be amenable to help by psychiatrists, in spite of liaison with knowledgeable family doctors, social workers, psychologists, disablement resettlement officers, community doctors and nurses, and housing managers, and the help of marriage guidance councils, clerics, MIND, the Samaritans, day care, home helps, and other agency colleagues.Let us be practical and acknowledge, as undeniably obtains and is accepted in other medical specialties (with their often less
The Perpetual Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Anthony S. Fauci, Hilary D. Marston
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cirrhotic Heart Failure
Authors: A. Paton, J. W. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Three young Bantu women were found to be suffering from a condition indistinguishable from true Addisonian pernicious anaemia.The significance of this finding is discussed with reference to Jthe megaloblastic anaemias found in malnourished popUlations.We thank the Director of the South African Institute for Medical Research for facilities to study these patients; Dr.
Chronic illness and disability
Authors: Michele Yeo, Susan Sawyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Young people with chronic conditions often face more difficulties negotiating the tasks of adolescence than their healthy peers.National, population based studies from Western countries show that 20-30% of teenagers have a chronic illness, defined as one that lasts longer than six months.However, 10-13% of teenagers report having a chronic condition that substantially limits their daily life or requires extended periods of care and supervision.The burden of chronic conditions in adolescence is increasing as larger numbers of chronically ill children survive beyond the age of 10.Over 85% of children with congenital or chronic conditions now survive into adolescence, and conditions once seen only in young children are now seen beyond childhood and adolescence.In addition, the prevalence of certain chronic illnesses in adolescence, such as diabetes (types 1 and 2) and asthma, has increased, as has survival from cancer. Impact of chronic conditions on adolescenceChronic conditions in adolescence can affect physical, cognitive, social, and emotional spheres of development for adolescents, with repercussions for siblings and parents too. Physical effectsCommon sequelae of chronic illness and its treatment include short stature and pubertal delay.Undernutrition is common in many chronic conditions, and obesity can result from conditions that limit physical activity.Visible signs of illness or its treatment mark young people out as different at a time when such differences are important to young people and their peers.Body image issues related to height, weight, pubertal stage, and scarring can contribute to reduced self esteem and negative self image, problems that may persist into adult life. Emotional and mental healthMany young people cope well with the emotional aspects of having a chronic illness.Chronically ill young people are more likely, however, to have a lower level of emotional wellbeing than their healthy peers.Young people often report a sense of alienation from their peers and frustration with the requirements of managing their condition and negotiating the healthcare system.Young people with chronic illness do not have an increased rate of mental illness, as is the case in adults with chronic illness.However, because those with chronic illness experience many sources of stress, health professionals must be alert for depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders both in young people and in their families.Behavioural problems and declining school performance can be specific markers of underlying psychological distress in adolescence.
Inhibition of tumor cell ribonucleotide reductase by macrophage-derived nitric oxide.
Authors: N S Kwon, D J Stuehr, C F Nathan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Macrophage-derived nitric oxide (NO) is cytostatic to tumor cells and microbial pathogens. We tested whether one molecular target for the cytostatic action of NO may be ribonucleotide reductase (RR), a rate-limiting enzyme in DNA synthesis. In a concentration-dependent manner, NO gas and lysates of activated macrophages that generated comparable amounts of NO led to the same degree of inhibition of partially purified RR from L1210 mouse lymphoma cells. Lysates from nonactivated macrophages, which do not produce NO, were noninhibitory. With lysates from activated macrophages, RR was protected by omitting L-arginine or by adding the NO synthase inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium, N omega-methyl-L-arginine, or N omega-amino-L-arginine. L-Arginine, but not D-arginine, abolished the protective effect of N omega-amino-L-arginine. The prototypic pharmacologic inhibitor of RR is hydroxyurea. Its structural resemblance to N omega-hydroxy-L-arginine, a reaction intermediate of NO synthase, prompted us to test if hydroxyurea can generate NO. In the presence of H2O2 and CuSO4, hydroxyurea produced NO2-/NO3-, aerobic reaction products of NO. Addition of morpholine blocked NO2-/NO3- generation from hydroxyurea and led to formation of nitrosomorpholine, as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Thus, hydroxyurea can produce an NO-like, nitrosating rectant. L1210 cell DNA synthesis was inhibited completely by activated macrophages or by hydroxyurea, and was partially restored to the same degree in both settings by providing deoxyribonucleosides to bypass the block in RR. Thus, both NO gas and NO generated by activated macrophage lysates inhibit tumor cell RR. The RR inhibitor hydroxyurea can also generate an NO-like species. Similar, partial restoration of tumor cell DNA synthesis by deoxyribonucleosides in the presence of activated macrophages or hydroxyurea suggests that cytostasis by activated macrophages and by hydroxyurea has comparable mechanisms, including, but probably not limited to, inhibition of RR.
Case of Complete Paraplegia Successfully treated by Forcible Extension of the Spine
Authors: T. O. Wood, J. Cantlie
Journal: BMJ (1902)

The most important point oi the case is how-to deal satis- fa;torily with a man in his mental condition: at any time he may become dangerous to himself and those about him-his wife is8 afraid to leave him alone with his child in case he should be seized with one of his ungovernable fits of passion, and yet beyond this symptom of insanity-if so it can be calledv-there is nothing to warrant one in signing a lunacy cert.iicate, and still further, little chance of it being sighed by the examining magistrate aftor his interview with the man in his present state of mind.Knowing full well the history of this class of case one feels certain that the only safe and proper,place for a patient of this kind is in the county asylum -riwhere he can be always under skilled observation.OQher interesting points in the case are (i) the continuation of moVements during sleep, (2) the power of voluntary efforts to control movement-this latter, no doubt, accounts for the former, (3) the comm.6fcement of the disease at the usual age with itItendency to gradually increase in severity, (4) the hetbditary nature of the nerve degeneration.I have no means at hand of finding out whether most of the recorded caTesil 4ve 9,qurred in country villages where intermarriage iX torfp1eValent, but there is no doubt but that it is answer- able for a great deal of the deterioration which one sees both m1ientally aid physically in many country districts.ote.
Proinflammatory cytokines and eosinophil cationic protein on glandular secretion from human nasal mucosa: Regulation by corticosteroids
Authors: Jordi Roca-Ferrer, Joaquim Mullol, Antoni Xaubet, Pedro Benítez, Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen, James Shelhamer, Cesar Picado
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Translating genomics into improved healthcare
Authors: A. D. Hingorani, T. Shah, M. Kumari, R. Sofat, L. Smeeth
Journal: BMJ (2010)

#### Summary points Since the work of Mendel,1 genetic research has been punctuated by key, shifting advances (box 1), which culminated in the first draft sequence of the human genome in 2001.2 3 4 Although most of the human genome sequence is shared by everyone, a small proportion varies between individuals. This variation, acting together with environmental factors, is thought to underlie differences in physiology, susceptibility to disease, and responses to drugs. We summarise the recent discoveries and review the implications of newly acquired knowledge for medical practice and public health. #### Sources and selection criteria Because of the wide remit of this article, we did not attempt a systematic search covering the whole of translational genetics. Instead, we used personal collections of major journal articles and reviews accumulated individually by all authors over several years of academic work in translational genetics. #### Box 1 Key early milestones in genetic research
Antihypertensive Activity of the Kidney — The Renomedullary Prostaglandins
Authors: James B. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE prostaglandins are a recently identified group of unsaturated cyclic fatty acids that possess diverse biologic activities, including potent vasodepressor and nonvascular smooth-muscle-stimulating properties. Before discussing the renomedullary prostaglandins and their possible relation to an antihypertensive renal function, I should like to survey historical developments that led to the identification and characterization of these compounds. Most of the literature concerning prostaglandins has appeared within the last five years, and it is expanding with extraordinary rapidity. I shall limit the discussion of the pharmacologic aspects of these lipids to their hemodynamic and vascular homeostatic effects.The biologic activity of the seminal . . .
Deposition and Disappearance of Digitoxin from the Tissues of the Rat, Rabbit, and Dog after Parenteral Injection
Authors: MEYER FRIEDMAN, SHIRLEY ST. GEORGE, RENÉ BINE, SANFORD O. BYERS, CATHARINE BLAND
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Digitoxin administered to the rat, rabbit, or dog has no specific avidity for heart muscle. The quantity recovered from this organ at any time was no greater than from liver or kidney, while these organs continued to contain the glycoside for a much longer period of time.
Functional Characterization of Filamin A Interacting Protein 1–Like, a Novel Candidate for Antivascular Cancer Therapy
Authors: Mijung Kwon, Engy Hanna, Dominique Lorang, Mei He, John S. Quick, Asha Adem, Christina Stevenson, Joon-Yong Chung, Stephen M. Hewitt, Enrique Zudaire, Dominic Esposito, Frank Cuttitta, Steven K. Libutti
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Inhibiting angiogenesis has become a major therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. To identify common intracellular mediators, we previously analyzed gene expression profiles of endothelial cells after treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors. Filamin A interacting protein 1-like (FILIP1L; previously known as down-regulated in ovarian cancer 1) was identified as one of the genes up-regulated in endothelial cells in response to these inhibitors. However, the expression and function of FILIP1L protein is uncharacterized. Here, we provide the first description of the expression and specific subcellular localization of FILIP1L protein in human tissue. Overexpression of FILIP1L resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and increased apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of FILIP1L truncation mutants showed differential antiproliferative activity. A COOH terminal truncation mutant (FILIP1LDeltaC103) was more potent than wild-type FILIP1L in mediating this activity. Targeted expression of FILIP1LDeltaC103 in tumor vasculature inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Overall, these findings suggest that the novel protein FILIP1L may be an important mediator of the effects of angiogenesis inhibitors and that FILIP1L has the potential to be an antivascular reagent for cancer therapy.
A novel emulsion-type adjuvant containing CpG oligodeoxynucleotides enhances CD8+ T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Ying-Chyi Song, Han-Yin Cheng, Chih-Hsiang Leng, Sheng-Kuo Chiang, Chih-Wei Lin, Pele Chong, Ming-Hsi Huang, Shih-Jen Liu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)

PELC is a novel emulsion-type adjuvant that contains the bioresorbable polymer poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PLACL), Span®85 and squalene. To investigate whether PELC is able to enhance CTL responses of antigens for treating tumor, peptides or protein antigens derived from HPV16 E7 were formulated with PELC nanoparticles and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. We identified that PELC formulation could delay the release of antigens in vitro and in vivo. We assessed the immunogenicity of an H-2D(b)-restricted CTL epitope RAHYNIVTF (RAH) formulated with PELC or PELC/CpG and investigated the ability of these formulations to promote tumor regression. Following a single-dose subcutaneous injection in mice, we found that the RAH peptide formulated with PELC/CpG (RAH/PELC/CpG) resulted in increased numbers of IFN-γ-secreting cells and RAH-specific CD8(+) T cells and an enhanced cytotoxic T cell response compared with RAH formulated with PELC or CpG alone. The tumor-bearing mice received a single-dose injection of RAH/PELC/CpG, which induced complete tumor regression. These results demonstrated that peptide antigen formulated with PELC/CpG nanoparticles is feasible for cancer immunotherapy.
Primary Leiomyosarcoma and Leiomyoma of the Lung
Authors: John W. Agnos, George W. B. Starkey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE purpose of this paper is to review the literature of smooth-muscle tumors of the lung and to report 2 new cases of primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma.Review of the LiteratureFourteen cases of leiomyoma and 18 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the lung have been collected from the literature. The earliest case report, presented in 1907 by Davidsohn, was cited by Forkel,1 who found a fibroleiomyoma in a patient who died of pneumonia. The bulk of the cases have been reported in the last ten years. Smooth-muscle tumors of lung are believed to arise from bronchi, vessels or heterotopic islands of . . .
Relationship between glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Martin Yuille, Alison Condie, Chantelle Hudson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Elaine Stone, Rosalind Eeles, Estella Matutes, Daniel Catovsky, Richard Houlston
Journal: Blood (2002)
Comments on the process and product of the health impacts assessment component of the national assessment of the potential consequences of climate variability and change for the United States.
Authors: S M Bernard, K L Ebi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In 1990 Congress formed the U.S. Global Change Research Program and required it to conduct a periodic national assessment of the potential impacts of climate variability and change on all regions and select economic/resource sectors of the United States. Between 1998 and 2000, a team of experts collaborated on a health impacts assessment that formed the basis for the first National Assessment's analysis of the potential impacts of climate on human health. The health impacts assessment was integrated across a number of health disciplines and involved a search for and qualitative expert judgment review of data on the potential links between climate events and population health. Accomplishments included identification of vulnerable populations, adaptation strategies, research needs, and data gaps. Experts, stakeholders, and the public were involved. The assessment is reported in five articles in this issue; a summary was published in the April 2000 issue of Environmental Health Perspectives. The assessment report will enhance understanding of ways human health might be affected by various climate-associated stresses and of the need for further empirical and predictive research. Improved understanding and communication of the significance and inevitability of uncertainties in such an assessment are critical to further research and policy development.
Association of Birth Weight and Type 2 Diabetes in Rochester, Minnesota
Authors: James P. Burke, Jessica Forsgren, Pasquale J. Palumbo, Kent R. Bailey, Jay Desai, Heather Devlin, Cynthia L. Leibson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

There is renewed interest in the relationship between birth weight and type 2 diabetes. Previous case-control studies (1) of elderly European residents showed a linear association between low birth weight and type 2 diabetes. More recent cohort studies (2) in Pima Indians have shown a U-shaped curve between birth weight and diabetes, where both low and high birth weight were shown to increase the risk for developing type 2 diabetes. In addition, a few studies (3,4) found an association between high birth weight and type 2 diabetes in Caucasian populations. Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP), we examined the association of birth weight and type 2 diabetes in individuals who were born and developed type 2 diabetes while residing in Rochester, Minnesota.

The unique resources of the REP were used to construct the Rochester Diabetes Incident cohort. As described elsewhere (5,6), case assignment was determined by retrospective review of each patient’s complete (hospital and ambulatory) medical records by trained nurse abstractors under the direction of an endocrinologist (P.J.P.). The records were reviewed for all laboratory glucose values and for evidence of any antidiabetic medication over the entire duration of residence in the community. Standardized case criteria were applied that approximated the National Diabetes Data Group recommendations, and adjustments were made for temporal changes in laboratory methods (7 …