tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uncertainties Associated with Quantifying Climate Change Impacts on Human Health: A Case Study for Diarrhea
Authors: Erik W. Kolstad, Kjell Arne Johansson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundClimate change is expected to have large impacts on health at low latitudes where droughts and malnutrition, diarrhea, and malaria are projected to increase.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to indicate a method to assess a range of plausible health impacts of climate change while handling uncertainties in a unambiguous manner. We illustrate this method by quantifying the impacts of projected regional warming on diarrhea in this century.MethodsWe combined a range of linear regression coefficients to compute projections of future climate change-induced increases in diarrhea using the results from five empirical studies and a 19-member climate model ensemble for which future greenhouse gas emissions were prescribed. Six geographical regions were analyzed.ResultsThe model ensemble projected temperature increases of up to 4°C over land in the tropics and subtropics by the end of this century. The associated mean projected increases of relative risk of diarrhea in the six study regions were 8–11% (with SDs of 3–5%) by 2010–2039 and 22–29% (SDs of 9–12%) by 2070–2099.ConclusionsEven our most conservative estimates indicate substantial impacts from climate change on the incidence of diarrhea. Nevertheless, our main conclusion is that large uncertainties are associated with future projections of diarrhea and climate change. We believe that these uncertainties can be attributed primarily to the sparsity of empirical climate–health data. Our results therefore highlight the need for empirical data in the cross section between climate and human health.
Human eosinophil arylsulfatase B. Structure and activity of the purified tetrameric lysosomal hydrolase.
Authors: P F Weller, K F Austen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Arylsulfatase B from human eosinophils was purified free of contaminating proteins by gel filtration and sequential affinity chromatography on Affi-Gel Blue and zinc chelate Sepharose. 50 micrograms of the purified enzyme presented as a single stained band on alkaline disc gel electrophoresis. In both goats and rabbits, the purified enzyme elicited monospecific antisera that yielded single precipitation arcs on Ouchterlony analysis with a human eosinophil extract and the purified enzyme; the immunoprecipitation lines fused in a pattern of identity, providing immunochemical evidence for the homogeneity of the purified enzyme. On sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a dominant lower molecular weight protein and three other bands with molecular weights approximately two, three, and four times that of the major protein band were resolved. The prominence of the less rapidly migrating protein bands increased relative to the major band if the enzyme was maintained under acidic conditions or was reacted with the cross-linking agent dimethyl suberimidate under alkaline conditions before SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, supporting the conclusion that the enzyme consists of four subunits. Two stained bands were present on acid disc gel electrophoresis; they were composed of oligomeric forms of enzyme on analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a second dimension. A minimum molecular weight of 70,190 was determined from amino acid composition analysis for the tetrameric form of the enzyme. The specific functional activity of the purified arylsulfatase B was concentration and time dependent, compatible with its association or dissociation into subunit forms with differing specific activities. Factors that govern subunit interactions of arylsulfatase B, including local enzyme concentration and pH, provide mechanisms for regulating the enzymatic activity of this lysosomal hydrolase.
Role of the private sector in elective surgery in England and Wales, 1986.
Authors: J. P. Nicholl, N. R. Beeby, B. T. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1989)

From a sample of 19,000 treatment episodes at 183 of the 193 independent hospitals with operating facilities in England and Wales that were open in 1986 it is estimated that 287,000 residents of England and Wales had elective surgery as inpatients in 1986 (an increase of 77% since 1981) and 72,000 as day cases. From 1985 Hospital In-Patient Enquiry data it was estimated that a further 36,000 similar elective inpatient treatments were undertaken in NHS pay beds (a decrease of 38%) and 21,000 as day cases. Overall, an estimated 16.7% of all residents of England and Wales who had non-abortion elective surgery as inpatients were treated in the private sector, as were 10.5% of all day cases. An estimated 28% of all total hip joint replacements were done privately, and in both the North West and South West Thames regions the proportion of inpatients treated privately for elective surgery was 31%. It is concluded that mainly for reasons of available manpower private sector activity may not be able to grow much more without arresting or reversing the growth of the NHS, in which case some method of calculating NHS resource allocation which takes account of the local strength of the private sector will be needed.
P60-c-src suppresses apoptosis through inhibition of caspase 8 activation in hepatoma cells, but not in primary hepatocytes
Authors: Enrico N. De Toni, Christian Kuntzen, Alexander L. Gerbes, Wolfgang E. Thasler, Nilüfer Sonuc, Simon R. Mucha, Peter Camaj, Christiane Bruns, Burkhard Göke, Sören T. Eichhorst
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Insulin Allergy and Immunologic Insulin Resistance Caused by Interleukin-6 in a Patient With Lung Cancer
Authors: Satomi Mizuhashi, Keigo Nakamura, Yasumichi Mori, Mitsuhiko Noda, Koji Nakanishi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Simultaneous occurrence of insulin allergy and immunologic insulin resistance has been reported in a few cases (1). A 62-year-old man with type 2 diabetes, who had been treated with insulin (premixed insulin of 30% aspart and 70% protaminated insulin aspart) for 3 months, noticed urticariform erythema and induration of the skin at the insulin-injection site. Erythema appeared immediately after the injection of insulin and disappeared after ∼20 min, while induration persisted for 3–4 days. HbA1c rose from 8.0 …
Charles Alexander Brown
Authors: S. Spiro
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Consultant ophthalmic surgeon Bristol Eye and Southmead Hospitals 1950-80 (b Aberdeen 1915; q Aberdeen 1939; MD, FRCS), d 26 March 2002.


During the second world war Sandy Brown served in Italy and then in India (1945-6) as a specialist in ophthalmology at Calcutta Military Hospital. He was one of the first to use penicillin in ophthalmology. In Bristol, 



he developed a special interest in retrolental fibroplasia and the role of oxygen in its causation. He also became expert in the management of postnatal cataracts in premature infants. He leaves a wife, Vera; six children; and 11 grandchildren.
A prospective immunofluorescence study of 111 cases of pruritic dermatoses of pregnancy: IgM anti-basement membrane zone antibodies as a novel finding
Authors: A. ZURN, C.R. CELEBI, P. BERNARD, L. DIDIERJEAN, J.-H. SAURAT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Since 1981, all pregnant women presenting to our department with a pruritic dermatosis have been investigated by histological and immunopathological techniques. We recruited 111 patients and performed skin histology in 77, 109 direct immunofluorescence tests (DIF), 74 indirect immunofluorescence tests (IIF) and 15 Western blots (WB). We identified: (i) five typical cases of pemphigoid gestationis (PG) (4.5%), corresponding to an incidence of 1/7000 pregnancies. (ii) Five cases without PG but showing circulating anti-BMZ antibodies of IgM type. With the exception of one case, clinical features were homogeneous--occurrence of erythematous papular and/or urticarial lesions on the trunk, and less often, on the limbs between the 32nd and 38th week of pregnancy. Rapid clearance of lesions within a few days was the rule. Whenever performed, DIF was negative and IIF showed circulating anti-BMZ antibodies of IgM type. Western blot studies were negative in these five cases. (iii) One hundred and one cases with negative immunofluorescence tests, considered to be suffering from polymorphic eruption of pregnancy. Our results show the value of systematic immunopathological investigations in pregnant women presenting with a pruritic dermatosis, and raise the possibility of a new entity, as defined by circulating anti-BMZ antibodies of IgM type.
The Supply of Rural Physicians
Authors: Kevin T. Kavanagh
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —I found the Editorial Improving the Supply of Physicians in Rural Areas to be very thought-provoking. 1 However, I would like to add the additional factor of practice disincentives. Everything from the difficulty in cleaning lab coats under the new Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards to the inability to share the cost of medical practice administration adds to the frustrations often experienced by the rural physician. To make matters worse, in many states (Kentucky included), Medicare pays metropolitan physicians up to 25% more for the same services that are provided by physicians in rural areas. At the same time, politicians wonder why states are underserved in rural areas. In Kentucky, the Health Care Financing Administration enacted this rule after input from the state medical society. The state medical society decides its recommendations by vote. Needless to say, the underserved rural areas have fewer physicians representing them
The role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ in the immunomodulatory effects of lenalidomide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Sarah E. M. Herman, Rosa Lapalombella, Amber L. Gordon, Asha Ramanunni, Kristie A. Blum, Jeffrey Jones, Xiaoli Zhang, Brian J. Lannutti, Kamal D. Puri, Natarajan Muthusamy, John C. Byrd, Amy J. Johnson
Journal: Blood (2011)
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection Complicating Mineral Oil Pneumonia
Authors: Grover M. Hutchins
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Two patients had pulmonary infections with atypical mycobacteria superimposed on mineral oil pneumonia. In both cases, long-standing laxative use and neurological disorders led to development of the lipid pneumonia. The pathogenicity of the rapidly growing mycobacteria causing infection in the two patients is apparently enhanced by the presence of mineral oil, a relationship supported by experimental studies. The clinical diagnosis of both atypical mycobacterial infection and mineral oil pneumonia may be difficult, but the presence of one should suggest the possibility of occurrence of the other.
Persistence of Immunity to Varicella in Children with Leukemia Immunized with Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine
Authors: Anne A. Gershon, Sharon P. Steinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

To determine the safety and efficacy of varicella vaccine, we studied 437 children in remission from leukemia who were immunized with live attenuated varicella virus. Three hundred one of the patients received two doses of vaccine and 136 received a single dose of vaccine from 1 of 10 lots from two manufacturers. The patients have been followed for an average of three years (range, one to six). Seroconversion occurred in 88 percent of the 437 children after the first dose of vaccine and in 98 percent after one or two doses. The proportions of patients who were seronegative after one, three, and five years were 20, 25, and 30 percent, respectively, with little change over time in the geometric mean titers of specific antibody (6.3, 6.5, and 5.7, respectively). Chickenpox has been documented in 36 vaccinated patients (8 percent) who had 3 to 640 vesicles (mean, 100), mild illness, and no complications. Of the 83 vaccinated patients exposed to varicella within their families, 11 had chickenpox; the attack rate was 14 percent (8 percent among seropositive patients, 29 percent among seronegative patients). There was no relation between the time since vaccination and either the attack rate or the severity of the breakthrough illness. Two doses of vaccine appeared to be no more effective than a single dose. Of the 372 patients receiving maintenance chemotherapy when immunized, 149 (40 percent) had a rash, which was treated with acyclovir in 16 children (4 percent) and became a severe febrile illness in 4. These reactions were not fatal and were all associated with vaccine lots, the use of which has since been discontinued. We conclude that in children in remission from leukemia, varicella vaccine is safe and induces an immunity to chickenpox that persists for more than three years. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:892–7.)
Developmental changes in water permeability across the alveolar barrier in perinatal rabbit lung.
Authors: E P Carter, F Umenishi, M A Matthay, A S Verkman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Lung fluid is reabsorbed rapidly at birth to permit alveolar respiration. We reported previously that expression of aquaporins (AQP) 1, 4, and 5 in rat lung increased just after birth. The hypothesis was tested that the increased AQP expression is associated with increased osmotic water permeability (Pf) between the airspace and capillary compartments. Pf was measured in isolated perfused fetal and newborn rabbit lungs using a pleural surface fluorescence method (Carter, E.P., M.A. Matthay, J. Farinas, and A.S. Verkman. 1996. J. Gen. Physiol. 108:133-142). In response to perfusate osmolality increase from 300 to 600 mosM, initial rates of osmotic equilibration were 1.13+/-0.13 mosM/s at 0-12 h after birth, increasing to 1.52+/-0.19 mosM/s at 12-24 h, and 1.83+/-0.10 mosM/s at 24-84 h. Corresponding Pf values (in cm/s x 10(-2)), computed from d[mosM]/dt and alveolar surface-to-volume ratios, were 1.03+/-0.11 (0-12 h), 1.51+/-0.16 (12-24 h), and 1.88+/-0.09 (24-84 h). Pf was relatively low in prenatal (1.22-1.27, fetal days 29 and 31) and adolescent (1.25+/-0.08, 21-d) rabbit lungs. To test for involvement of molecular water channels, measurements were made of Arrhenius activation energy (Ea), mercurial inhibition, diffusional water permeability (Pd), and AQP expression. Temperature-dependence measurements showed a 25% decrease in Ea for Pf in lungs < 1 d vs. 4 d. Pf was decreased 30% by 0.5 mM HgCl2 in < 1-d lungs and 44% in 4-d lungs. Pd was 1.0 x 10(-)5 cm/s and did not change when Pf was increased by 75%. RNase protection assay showed increased transcript expression in the first 24 h after birth for rabbit isoforms of AQP1 and AQP4. These results provide the first functional data on water permeability in perinatal lung. The increased water permeability after birth may facilitate the maintenance of dry alveoli.
Insomnia With Objective Short Sleep Duration Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Alexandros N. Vgontzas, Duanping Liao, Slobodanka Pejovic, Susan Calhoun, Maria Karataraki, Edward O. Bixler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

We examined the joint effects of insomnia and objective short sleep duration, the combination of which is associated with higher morbidity, on diabetes risk.A total of 1,741 men and women randomly selected from Central Pennsylvania were studied in the sleep laboratory. Insomnia was defined by a complaint of insomnia with duration of >or=1 year, whereas poor sleep was defined as a complaint of difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or early final awakening. Polysomnographic sleep duration was classified into three categories: >or=6 h of sleep (top 50% of the sample); 5-6 h (approximately third quartile of the sample); and <or=5 h (approximately the bottom quartile of the sample). Diabetes was defined either based on a fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dl or use of medication. In the logistic regression model, we simultaneously adjusted for age, race, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, depression, sleep-disordered breathing, and periodic limb movement.Chronic insomnia but not poor sleep was associated with a higher risk for diabetes. Compared with the normal sleeping and >or=6 h sleep duration group, the highest risk of diabetes was in individuals with insomnia and <or=5 h sleep duration group (odds ratio [95% CI] 2.95 [1.2-7.0]) and in insomniacs who slept 5-6 h (2.07 [0.68-6.4]).Insomnia with short sleep duration is associated with increased odds of diabetes. Objective sleep duration may predict cardiometabolic morbidity of chronic insomnia, the medical impact of which has been underestimated.
Italy plans to publish surgeons' success rates
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Italy looks set to become the latest country to tackle the controversial matter of publishing surgeons’ performance figures.

From next year its surgeons will have to make their curriculum vitae and surgical success rates available to the public, the country’s public administration minister Renato Brunetta has announced.

Details on precisely how surgeons’ performance will be monitored and presented were not given.

Announcing his intentions, Mr Brunetta justified his decision by saying, “If I have to have an operation I have a right to know whether my doctor …
ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL TRANSPLANTATION DECREASES LYMPHANGIOGENESIS AND ADVERSE VENTRICULAR REMODELING IN A MOUSE MODEL OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Jae-Hyeong Park, Jung Yeon Yoon, Sun Mi Koh, Jun Hyung Kim, Jae-Hwan Lee, Si Wan Choi, In-Whan Seong, Jin-Ok Jeong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A memorable patient: Deja vu
Authors: T. Beringer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It was a dark winter afternoon in January 1981. The friendly Dublin porter at the top of the formidable entrance steps to the Mater Hospital pointed to the corridor where the membership examination was being held. The old high ceilinged wards were dim, and the lights outside brightened the gloom. The long case was behind the screens in the corner of the ward and my well rehearsed approach of history taking followed by examination started. He was an active lively 13 year …
Abstract 1693: Mrp7 as a breast cancer resistance factor
Authors: Natalya Domanitskaya, Joely Jacobs, Chelsy Paulose, Elizabeth Hopper-Borge
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women. Breast cancer kills more than 40,000 women every year in the United States. Taxanes and epothilone B are used to treat breast cancer, but cellular resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major obstacle. Therapy-induced overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux pumps promotes resistance in many drug-treated cancers. While early studies focused on overexpression and activity of the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) pump, a structurally distinct group of ABC efflux pumps, known as the Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs), have been gaining increasing attention as alternative sources of resistance. There are 9 MRP family members (MRP1-9), with each family member preferentially transporting somewhat overlapping groups of substrates. We have previously shown that MRP7 is distinct from other MRPs because MRP7 confers resistance to a wide variety of anticancer agents including taxanes, vinca alkaloids and nucleoside-based analogs. We also have evidence that Mrp7 null mice are sensitized to taxanes (submitted). We bred a mammary tumor model to our Mrp7 null mouse to investigate Mrp7's in vivo activities regarding breast cancer resistance mechanisms. To better understand the resistance mechanisms of MRP7 the expression level of Mrp7 and expression levels of other transporters was determined in these cell lines using qRT-PCR. In addition, cell lines derived from mammary tumors are being evaluated to determine the impact Mrp7 has on sensitization to agents used in the treatment of breast cancer: epothilone B, docetaxel and paclitaxel. Further, the growth properties of these mammary tumor cell lines will be characterized. Lastly, to better understand the physiological role of this efflux pump, MRP7 cellular localization and polarity are being investigated. Further research into previously mentioned aims and specific MRP7 inhibitors will aid in combating cellular resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1693. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1693
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF CILOSTAZOL AFTER ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA.
Authors: Yoshimitsu Soga, Osamu Iida, Keisuke Hirano, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Masaaki Uematsu, Toshiya Muramatsu, Seiki Nagata, Shinsuke Nanto, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Letter: Comparison between laparoscopic sterilization and tubal ligation.
Authors: C J Hutchins, N C Curpen
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In the teaching unit being reported, more than 3500 sterilization procedures were performed between 1969 and 1973. Laparoscopy was used for 643 and laparotomy for almost 2900. The failure and complication, even serious complication, rates were significantly higher with laparoscopy. It would be possible to improve the success rate for laparoscopy only by restricting its performance to widely experienced operators, a procedure unacceptable in a gynecological teaching unit. Tubal ligation by an altered technique gives good results with minimal failure and complication rates and equally short hospital stays. Madlener and Pomeroy procedures are performed on each Fallopian tube and as small an incision as possible is made.
The Pathogenesis of Spontaneous Cardiac Rupture
Authors: STANFORD WESSLER, PAUL M. ZOLL, MONROE J. SCHLESINGER
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Twenty patients with cardiac rupture were compared with suitable control groups. In each ruptured heart there was an acute coronary artery occlusion and a recent, transmural myocardial infarction which was unprotected at the site of rupture by scar or anastomotic circulation. Clinically, rupture usually occurred during the first two weeks of an acute infarction in a hypertensive patient with no previous history of old infarction or congestive failure; persisting hypertension or excessive effort usually preceded rupture. The role of an increased intraventricular pressure in the pathogenesis of cardiac rupture has therapeutic implications.
Adoptive chemoimmunotherapy using Ex vivo activated memory T‐cells and cyclophosphamide: Tumor lysis syndrome of a metastatic soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Jay E. Gold, Stephen C. Malamud, Felicia Larosa, Michael E. Osband
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Adoptively transferred immune cells in combination with chemotherapeutic agents form the basis for adoptive chemoimmunotherapy (ACIT) of neoplastic disease. Autolympho‐cytes (ALT‐cells) are ex vivo activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from tumor‐bearing hosts (TBH) that consist primarily of tumor‐specific CD45RO + (memory) T‐cells. These ALT‐cells combined with cimetidine (CIM) as autolymphocyte therapy (ALT), have previously been demonstrated to be a safe and active form of outpatient adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) in human TBH with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC). We have previously described an effective ACIT protocol using ALT and cyclophosphamide (CY) for patients with relapsed and refractory non‐RCC solid tumors. We now report a case of a patient with a metastatic gastric leiomyosarcoma to the liver, who developed a clinical picture consistent with a tumor‐lysis syndrome (TLS), following salvage therapy for his tumor with ACIT using ALT and CY. TLS is a well‐known complication resulting from the treatment of rapidly proliferating hematopoietic tumors such as Burkitt's lymphoma and acute lymphocytic leukemia. TLS has also been rarely described in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as well as certain solid tumors such as breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, and medulloblastoma. However, there have been no previous reports of TLS occurring either secondary to immunotherapy or in sarcomas. The nature of these unusual findings is discussed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.