tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of aldosterone in the remnant kidney model in the rat.
Authors: E L Greene, S Kren, T H Hostetter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) participates in the injury sustained by the remnant kidney. Our studies assessed the importance of aldosterone in that model and the response of aldosterone to drugs interfering with the RAAS. Initially, four groups of rats were studied: SHAM-operated rats, untreated remnant rats (REM), REM rats treated with losartan and enalapril (REM AIIA), and REM AIIA rats infused with exogenous aldosterone (REM AIIA + ALDO). The last group was maintained with aldosterone levels comparable to those in untreated REM rats by constant infusion of exogenous aldosterone. REM rats had larger adrenal glands and a > 10-fold elevation in plasma aldosterone compared to SHAM. REM AIIA rats demonstrated significant suppression of the hyperaldosteronism as well as marked attenuation of proteinuria, hypertension, and glomerulosclerosis compared to REM. REM AIIA + ALDO rats manifested greater proteinuria, hypertension, and glomerulosclerosis than REM AIIA rats. Indeed, by 4 wk of observation all of these features of the experimental disease were similar in magnitude in REM AIIA + ALDO and untreated REM. In separate REM rats spironolactone administration did not reduce glomerular sclerosis but did transiently reduce proteinuria, lowered arterial pressure, and lessened cardiac hypertrophy. In summary, aldosterone contributes to hypertension and renal injury in the remnant kidney model.
Long-Term Inhibition of Rho-Kinase Suppresses Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction in Mice
Authors: Tsuyoshi Hattori, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Midoriko Higashi, Junko Hiroki, Yasushi Mukai, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Kozo Kaibuchi, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Rho-kinase has been implicated as an important regulator of inflammatory responses mediated by cytokines and chemokines. Because proinflammatory cytokines play a critical role in left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI), we examined whether long-term blockade of Rho-kinase suppresses LV remodeling in a mouse model of MI in vivo.Mice underwent ligation of the left coronary artery and were treated with a Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil (100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) in tap water), for 4 weeks, starting 1 day after the surgery. At 4 weeks, LV infarct size was histologically comparable between the 2 groups. LV cavity dilatation and dysfunction evaluated by echocardiography were significantly suppressed in the fasudil group (P<0.05, n=15 to 28). The beneficial effects of fasudil were accompanied by suppression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis (both P<0.01, n=6). The expression of inflammatory cytokines, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2, TGF-beta3, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor, was upregulated in the noninfarcted LV in the control group and was significantly suppressed in the fasudil group (both P<0.05, n=10 to 11). Rho-kinase activity as evaluated by the extent of phosphorylation of the ERM family, a substrate of Rho-kinase, was significantly increased in the noninfarcted LV in the control group and was significantly suppressed in the fasudil group (P<0.05, n=5).These results indicate that Rho-kinase is substantially involved in the pathogenesis of LV remodeling after MI associated with upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a therapeutic importance of the molecule for the prevention of post-MI heart failure.
PTEN Protein Loss and Clinical Outcome from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Abiraterone Acetate
Authors: Roberta Ferraldeschi, Daniel Nava Rodrigues, Ruth Riisnaes, Susana Miranda, Ines Figueiredo, Pasquale Rescigno, Praful Ravi, Carmel Pezaro, Aurelius Omlin, David Lorente, Zafeiris Zafeiriou, Joaquin Mateo, Amelia Altavilla, Spyridon Sideris, Diletta Bianchini, Emily Grist, Khin Thway, Raquel Perez Lopez, Nina Tunariu, Chris Parker, David Dearnaley, Alison Reid, Gerhardt Attard, Johann de Bono
Journal: European Urology (2014)

Loss of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) occurs frequently in prostate cancers. Preclinical evidence suggests that activation of PI3K/AKT signaling through loss of PTEN can result in resistance to hormonal treatment in prostate cancer.To explore the antitumor activity of abiraterone acetate (abiraterone) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients with and without loss of PTEN protein expression.We retrospectively identified patients who had received abiraterone and had hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) and/or CRPC tissue available for PTEN immunohistochemical analysis.The primary end point was overall survival from initiation of abiraterone treatment. Relationship with outcome was analyzed using multivariate Cox regression and log-rank analyses.A total of 144 patients were identified who had received abiraterone post-docetaxel and had available tumor tissue. Overall, loss of PTEN expression was observed in 40% of patients. Matched HSPC and CRPC tumor biopsies were available for 41 patients. PTEN status in CRPC correlated with HSPC in 86% of cases. Loss of PTEN expression was associated with shorter median overall survival (14 vs 21 mo; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.55; p=0.004) and shorter median duration of abiraterone treatment (24 vs 28 wk; HR: 1.6; 95% CI, 1.12-2.28; p=0.009). PTEN protein loss, high lactate dehydrogenase, and the presence of visceral metastases were identified as independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis.Our results indicate that loss of PTEN expression was associated with worse survival and shorter time on abiraterone treatment. Further studies in larger and prospective cohorts are warranted.PTEN is a protein often lost in prostate cancer cells. In this study we evaluated if prostate cancers that lack this protein respond differently to treatment with abiraterone acetate. We demonstrated that the survival of patients with loss of PTEN is shorter than patients with normal PTEN expression.
Candida arthritis: cellular immune responses of synovial fluid and peripheral blood lymphocytes to Candida albicans.
Authors: E Hermann, W J Mayet, O Klein, A W Lohse, C Trautwein, I Michiels, T Poralla, K H Meyer zum Buschenfelde
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

A case of septic Candida albicans arthritis of the knee in a patient with systemic candidiasis is presented. Systemic and intra-articular cellular immune responses to C albicans and various bacterial antigens were monitored for 15 weeks. It is shown that the candida induced blastogenesis of synovial fluid lymphocytes was much more stimulated than that of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and that the proportion of activated cells expressing HLA class II antigens was markedly increased in the synovial fluid. Strong cellular immune responses to Candida albicans could still be shown many weeks after the synovial fluid aspirates had become sterile. For the first time synovial fluid derived, CD4 positive T lymphocyte clones with specificity for candida antigens were characterised and further propagated in vitro.
Dose Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Arthur B. Chausmer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters4 September 2012Dose Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in Postmenopausal WomenArthur B. Chausmer, MD, PhDArthur B. Chausmer, MD, PhDFrom Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read the recent article by Gallagher and colleagues (1) with interest. Although it correctly stated that there was a relationship between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-[OH]D) intermediate metabolite and the oral dose, there are some other important points to consider. It is important to note that, contrary to popular opinion, the level of circulating 25-(OH)D should not be considered an appropriate indicator of true vitamin D sufficiency or insufficiency. Because the total body load of any of the vitamin D metabolites has yet to be quantitatively assessed, there is no way of knowing whether there is ...Reference1. Gallagher JC, Sai A, Templin T, Smith L. Dose response to vitamin D supplementation in postmenopausal women: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:425-37. [PMID: 22431675] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Arthur B. Chausmer, MD, PhDAffiliations: From Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDose Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women J. Christopher Gallagher , Adarsh Sai , Thomas Templin II , and Lynette Smith Dose Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women J. Christopher Gallagher and Adarsh Sai Metrics Cited byThe Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone and the Glomerular Filtration Rate in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2011Impact of calcium and vitamin D insufficiencies on serum parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density: Analysis of the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-3, 2009 and KNHANES V-1, 2010) 4 September 2012Volume 157, Issue 5Page: 384KeywordsCalciumConflicts of interestEdemaExtrapolationLiverMetabolitesPotassiumSodiumVitamin DVitamin D deficiency ePublished: 4 September 2012 Issue Published: 4 September 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Breast-Cancer Predisposition in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Koen M.A. Dreijerink, Pierre Goudet, John R. Burgess, Gerlof D. Valk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Women with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 related to mutations in the gene encoding menin (MEN1) have approximately twice the risk of breast cancer as do women in the general population.
Effects of nebivolol on proliferation and apoptosis of human coronary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells
Authors: B R Brehm, S C Wolf, D Bertsch, M Klaussner, S Wesselborg, S Schüler, K Schulze-Osthoff
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Secondary failure due to late restenosis continues to occur in 30–50% of individuals after PTCA. β-Blockers play an important role in the treatment of CAD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the new β-blocker nebivolol on cell proliferation of human coronary smooth muscle cells (haCSMCs) and endothelial cells (haECs) in comparison to traditional β-blockers. Methods: The effect of nebivolol and other β-blockers on proliferation of HaECs and HaCSMCs was analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Apoptosis was measured by determination of hypodiploid DNA in both cell types. Additionally, in HaECs NO formation, endothelin-1 transcription and secretion were determined. Results: Incubation for 1, 2, 4, 7 or 14 days resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent reduction of proliferation up to 80% in HaECs and HaCSMCs. β-Blockers such as propranolol, metoprolol or bisoprolol did not exert this effect. Nebivolol inhibited accelerated haCSMC proliferation even in the presence of growth factors such as TGFβ1 and PDGF-BB. Nebivolol concentration-dependently induced a moderate apoptosis (10−5 mol/l: 23%) and a decrease of haCSMCs in the S-phase by 66%. HaECs showed comparable results. During nebivolol incubation NO formation of HaCEs increased, while endothelin-1 transcription and secretion were suppressed. Conclusion: Whereas classical β-blockers do not affect cell growth, only nebivolol inhibits haCSMC or haEC proliferation and induces a moderate rate of apoptosis. Furthermore, in HaCEs NO formation increases and endothelin-1 secretion decreases suggesting that nebivolol may represent a β-blocker with great promises in CAD therapy.
Spontaneous Fistula Between a Right Common Iliac Artery Aneurysm and Iliac Vein
Authors: Dean D. Richards
Journal: JAMA (1984)

THE SPONTANEOUS rupture of an iliac artery aneurysm into the underlying iliac vein or vena cava is a rare event. The formation of such an arteriovenous fistula should be seen clinically with findings similar to those encountered after rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava. A patient with a unique clinical picture resembling that of an aortocaval fistula but in fact suffering from spontaneous rupture of a saccular right common iliac artery aneurysm into the iliac vein is described herein. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 80-year-old man was admitted to Baptist Medical Center, Kansas City, Mo, on Jan 18, 1982, complaining of sudden onset of nausea, abdominal pain, and dizziness three hours earlier during lunch. Two weeks earlier, he had been treated for a dislocated left shoulder after falling on ice. In March 1976, a left hemicolectomy had been performed for Duke's stage B adenocarcinoma of
ACUTE INFECTIONS OF THE ENDOMETRIUM
Authors: R. Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1921)

fTs Darn _DIL JOMAa35 It is a simple operation, patients aclhieve a considerable accommodation to its inconveniences, and, if it fails, further surgical pr6ceduires are not precluded..On tlle other' hand, complete colectomy is tlle last and irretrievible word; it offers but a inodest prospect of success, and its failures, not a few in number, are some-, times apt to be suchl dire failures as to mean for the' patien'ts misery and suffering little capable of alleviation.
Cracking urinary bladder stones.
Authors: M J Tidd
Journal: BMJ (1977)

enough of the element.As a matter of fact many commercially available solutions and especially those of amino-acids are slightly contaminated with zinc and other elements,4 but the quantities present are far below actual needs.Some of the newer solutions for parenteral feeding do contain trace elements in adequate amounts, but nevertheless we still frequently have to add further 100-500 Vg/day (1-5 ml of a solution containing 0 1 mg Zn/ml as ZnCl,), mostly in surgical patients, to achieve positive nitrogen balance, normal wound healing, and growth.Calculations of the actual amounts of other trace elements in human plasma lead to the same conclusions as to the rationale of its use as a source of trace elements for patients under parenteral nutrition.It is therefore mandatory actually to calculate even microgram amounts and stimulate the pharmaceutical industry to supply adequate solutions for general use.
The Future of Pediatrics
Authors: Joseph M. Mercola
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The American Medical Association's Council on Long Range Planning and Development and the American Academy of Pediatrics 1 have provided a fine analysis of some key factors that will influence the future practice of pediatrics. However, it seems rather curious that in their consideration of the elements that will influence the future of the specialty these prestigious organizations have chosen to ignore the impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic.  It is difficult to make accurate predictions of the future, but any projection to the year 2000 that does not attempt to factor in AIDS will be dangerously flawed. Several investigators have estimated that there may currently be between 3 and 4 million HIV carriers in our country. 2,3 If the epidemic continues to spread at current rates, one third of our population may be infected by the year 2000. The social and economic chaos created
Effect of ingested sperm on fecundity in the rat.
Authors: R A Allardyce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The intragastric administration of homologous strain epididymal sperm to adult virgin NZBW (Rt 1) female rats was shown to induce short-to long-term infertility. Infertility was associated with an early rise of genital secretory fluid IgA antisperm antibody preceding mating.
Sleepwalking into the market
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Next week on 1 April, England’s National Health Service takes what may be an irrevocable step. Sixty five years after the legislation that established a publicly funded, publicly provided, and publicly accountable health service, new regulations come into force that will gradually open up the NHS in England to increasing competition by private providers. Will this overwhelmingly improve the service to patients and the public, as some people claim? Or will it lead gradually but inexorably to the dismantling of the NHS for profit, as others fear, and as Lucy Reynolds claims on bmj.com (doi:10.1136/bmj.f1848)? The truth may of course be …
MALE GENDER IS ASSOCIATED WITH LARGER PLAQUE VOLUME AT BASELINE AND MORE PLAQUE PROGRESSION AT 12 MONTHS AS ASSESSED BY QUANTITATIVE WHOLE-HEART CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY IN ALL MAJOR EPICARDIAL VESSELS
Authors: Abhinav Sharma, Parag H. Joshi, Gustavo Vazquez, Zhen Qian, Torrance Laury, Ambar Bajpai, Sarah Rinehart, Szilard Voros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Epithelial Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Sporadic Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Martina Korfei, Clemens Ruppert, Poornima Mahavadi, Ingrid Henneke, Philipp Markart, Miriam Koch, Gyoergy Lang, Ludger Fink, Rainer-Maria Bohle, Werner Seeger, Timothy E. Weaver, Andreas Guenther
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: The molecular pathomechanisms underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are elusive, but chronic epithelial injury has recently been suggested as key event.Objectives: We investigated the possible implication of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–mediated apoptosis in sporadic IPF.Methods: We analyzed peripheral explanted lung tissues from patients with sporadic IPF (n = 24), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 9), and organ donors (n = 12) for expression of major ER stress mediators and apoptosis markers by means of immunoblotting, semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and the TUNEL method.Measurements and Main Results: Compared with COPD and donor lungs, protein levels of ER stress mediators, such as processed p50 activating transcription factor (ATF)-6 and ATF-4 and the apoptosis-inductor CHOP (C/EBP-homologous protein), as well as transcript levels of spliced X-box binding protein (XBP)-1, were significantly elevated in lung homogenates and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) of IPF lungs. Proapoptotic, oligomeric forms of Bax, which play a key role in ER stress–mediated apoptosis downstream of CHOP induction, as well as caspase-3 cleavage, could be detected in IPF lungs. By means of immunohistochemistry, exclusive induction of active ATF-6, ATF-4, and CHOP in AECIIs was encountered in IPF but not in COPD or donor lungs. Immunoreactivity was most prominent in the epithelium near dense zones of fibrosis and fibroblast foci, where these ER stress markers colocalized with markers of apoptosis (TUNEL, cleaved caspase-3).Conclusions: Severe ER stress response in the AECIIs of patients with sporadic IPF may underlie the apoptosis of this cell type and development of fibrosis in this disease.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome During Pregnancy
Authors: Allan W. Downie
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To the Editor:—  With reference to the Question and Answer, Pregnancy and Paresthesia of Upper Extremities ( JAMA  189: 592 [Aug 17] 1964), I would like to take issue with Dr. Greenhill's answer. Paresthesias of the hand in the last trimester of pregnancy are not uncommonly seen by neurologists and in the majority of instances can be definitely shown by nerve conduction studies, particularly the study of evoked sensory potentials, to be due to compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. They tend to occur in patients with excessive fluid retention, hence their tendency to clear after parturition, although some patients may continue to have symptoms. The nocturnal exacerbation is quite typical of carpal tunnel syndrome. Splinting of the wrist and the administration of diuretics are much more likely to effect improvement than the exercises described. Operation is seldom indicated. The following references are recommended: Wilkinson, M.: Carpal-Tunnel Syndrome
Characterisation of BCL2-JH rearrangements in follicular lymphoma: PCR detection of 3′ BCL2 breakpoints and evidence of a new cluster
Authors: G Buchonnet, P Lenain, P Ruminy, S Lepretre, A Stamatoullas, F Parmentier, F Jardin, C Duval, H Tilly, C Bastard
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
DNA/Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Nanospheres Promote Low-dose DNA Vaccination
Authors: Dorian McIlroy, Benoît Barteau, Jeannette Cany, Peggy Richard, Clothilde Gourden, Sophie Conchon, Bruno Pitard
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Intramuscular (i.m.) DNA vaccination induces strong cellular immune responses in the mouse, but only at DNA doses that cannot be achieved in humans. Because antigen expression is weak after naked DNA injection, we screened five nonionic block copolymers of poly(ethyleneoxide)-poly(propyleneoxide) (PEO-PPO) for their ability to enhance DNA vaccination using a beta-galactosidase (betaGal) encoding plasmid, pCMV-betaGal, as immunogen. At a high DNA dose, formulation with the tetrafunctional block copolymers 304 (molecular weight [MW] 1,650) and 704 (MW 5,500) and the triblock copolymer Lutrol (MW 8,600) increased betaGal-specific interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) responses 2-2.5-fold. More importantly, 704 allowed significant reductions in the dose of antigen-encoding plasmid. A single injection of 2 microg pCMV-betaGal with 704 gave humoral and ELISPOT responses equivalent to those obtained with 100 microg naked DNA and conferred protection in tumor vaccination models. However, 704 had no adjuvant properties for betaGal protein, and immune responses were only elicited by low doses of pCMV-betaGal formulated with 704 if noncoding carrier DNA was added to maintain total DNA dose at 20 microg. Overall, these results show that formulation with 704 and carrier DNA can reduce the dose of antigen-encoding plasmid by at least 50-fold.
Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force
Authors: M. J SHATTOCK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force Get access MICHAEL J SHATTOCK MICHAEL J SHATTOCK St Thomas' Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 4, April 1992, Page 430, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.4.430 Published: 01 April 1992