tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunisation state of young children admitted to hospital and effectiveness of a ward based opportunistic immunisation policy.
Authors: D J Riley, M Z Mughal, J Roland
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To study the need for and effectiveness of a ward based opportunistic immunisation policy.A six month prospective study.An acute medical paediatric ward of an inner city teaching hospital.296 children admitted to the ward who lived within Central Manchester Health Authority boundaries and were aged from 5 months to 6 years.Completion of immunisation schedule appropriate for age.56 children were three or more months behind with immunisations. The parent's history was not reliable for 18 children. Accessing health authority immunisation records was not difficult. The main reasons for falling behind were the mobility of the families (15 children), lack of motivation (14), and frequent minor illnesses (9). 40 children were immunised before discharge, but three could not be because of valid contraindications. Of the 16 children requiring more immunisations after discharge, only four obtained them at the correct time and five children not at all.An opportunistic immunisation policy is an important means of immunising a vulnerable group of children who would often default on routine immunisations, and such policies should operate whenever possible. Our ward based policy can achieve immunisation of three quarters of possible children without change or inconvenience to the daily ward work, but efficacy relies on adequate levels of enthusiastic staff. The system can be improved by having accurate and updated immunisation records available in the hospital, and by encouraging nursing staff to participate.
Post-tropical screening. Is of little value...
Authors: C P Conlon, T Peto
Journal: BMJ (1993)

matory drugs may exert tumoricidal effects in the colon,4 thus accounting for the reduced risk of cancer of the colon with regular use of these drugs.Large scale therapeutic trials of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in established cancers of the colon and chemopreventive trials in high risk patients would therefore be appropriate since the risk of potential side effects in such cohorts would be justified.Initial reports of such studies are encouraging.5
Insulin Edema in a Patient With Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes
Authors: Katherine S. O'Neal, Bethany A. Francis, Michelle E. Condren, Laura J. Chalmers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Insulin edema is a rare complication of insulin therapy primarily seen with newly diagnosed or uncontrolled diabetes (1–3). Patients at risk are those who are beginning insulin treatment, underweight, or increasing their insulin dose either in the normal course of the disease or after diabetic ketoacidosis (1,4). The prevalence of insulin edema is unknown; a review of the literature revealed few case reports of insulin edema and no reports of insulin edema in a patient with cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD). This case report illustrates the effects of insulin edema in a 23-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with CFRD at the age of 16 years.

The patient presented to the pediatric endocrine clinic at the age of 16 years with an HbA1c of 9.8%. She …
Pathways through which glucose induces a rise in [Ca2+]i of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of rats
Authors: Tarek M. Demerdash, Neslihan Seyrek, Miroslaw Smogorzewski, Wojciech Marcinkowski, Shahriare Nasser-Moadelli, Shaul G. Massry
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Genome degradation is an ongoing process in Rickettsia
Authors: J. O. Andersson, S. G. Andersson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

To study reductive evolutionary processes in bacterial genomes, we examine sequences in the Rickettsia genomes which are unconstrained by selection and evolve as pseudogenes, one of which is the metK gene, which codes for AdoMet synthetase. Here, we sequenced the metK gene and three surrounding genes in eight different species of the genus Rickettsia. The metK gene was found to contain a high incidence of deletions in six lineages, while the three genes in its surroundings were functionally conserved in all eight lineages. A more drastic example of gene degradation was identified in the metK downstream region, which contained an open reading frame in Rickettsia felis. Remnants of this open reading frame could be reconstructed in five additional species by eliminating sites of frameshift mutations and termination codons. A detailed examination of the two reconstructed genes revealed that deletions strongly predominate over insertions and that there is a strong transition bias for point mutations which is coupled to an excess of GC-to-AT substitutions. Since the molecular evolution of these inactive genes should reflect the rates and patterns of neutral mutations, our results strongly suggest that there is a high spontaneous rate of deletions as well as a strong mutation bias toward AT pairs in the Rickettsia genomes. This may explain the low genomic G + C content (29%), the small genome size (1.1 Mb), and the high noncoding content (24%), as well as the presence of several pseudogenes in the Rickettsia prowazekii genome.
Noninvasive detection of advanced disease using MMPs
Authors: Rebecca Drake
Journal: Nature Reviews Urology (2010)

research highlights Bladder CanCer noninvasive detection of advanced disease using MMPs matrix metalloproteinases (mmPs) are known to promote tumor development and to facilitate the spread of invasive cancers.two recent publications conclude that high mmP levels in the urine of patients with bladder malignancy indicate advanced disease and poorer prognosis.a team from Denmark and the netherlands studied the levels of mmP-9 in the urine of 188 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer.voided samples were collected and frozen prior to surgery.a commercially available immunocapture assay kit was used to measure mmP-9 in thawed aliquots.During 15 years of follow-up 175 patients died.Construction of a Kaplan-meier survival plot revealed that poor patient survival was predicted by increasing levels of mmP-9 in preoperative urine.an elevated concentration of mmP-9 was an independent prognostic marker of death.in their paper, published in Acta Oncologica, lead author Birgitte offersen and her colleagues outline the wideranging potential of such a noninvasive test.applications could include optimizing staging to better direct choice of therapy, evaluating patient response to treatment, early detection of relapse, and reducing the need for follow-up cystoscopy.tibor szarvas and co-workers, based in Germany and Hungary, share this enthusiasm for mmP-based prognosis in bladder carcinoma.these investigators focused on mmP-7, comparing levels
Postpartum acquired factor VIII inhibitors: Results of a survey
Authors: Susan Solymoss
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Postpartum factor VIII inhibitors are rare; thus, collecting clinical and treatment data may provide valuable information in guiding patient management. This paper reports the results of a survey of United States and Canadian hemophilia centers on 14 patients with postpartum acquired factor VIII inhibitors. Patients ranged in age from 23 to 40 years. Parity at diagnosis was most frequently the first gestation. Two patients were diagnosed prepartum, but two patients only up to one year postpartum. Initial inhibitor titers ranged from two to 550 Bethesda units (BU), and rose to five to 885 BU. The median duration of the inhibitor was 27 months, with two of the 14 inhibitors unresolved at the time of the survey. A total of 80 bleeding episodes occurred, five of which were life or limb threatening. Three patients received no blood products and were not hospitalized. Of those treated for hemostasis, activated prothrombin complex concentrates and porcine factor VIII were most often reported to be effective. For immunosuppression, all patients received steroids and most received additional treatment. Steroids were reported ineffective more frequently than cyclophosphamide. No adverse fetal events were noted and there was no maternal mortality. These results underline the clinical heterogeneity of the severity of postpartum factor VIII inhibitors, and provide treatment guidelines in the absence of prospective studies. Am. J. Hematol. 59:1–4, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Women are being let down in efforts to stem HIV/AIDS
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Women in developing countries, and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular, are being let down in efforts to stem the HIV/AIDS crisis because the issues that affect them are being ignored, said representatives of a new pressure group this week.

The ABC prevention strategy (A for Abstinence, B for Be faithful, and C for use a Condom), which is being promoted by some charities in Africa, is wholly inappropriate in many countries where women know little if anything about HIV and are afraid to ask their husband or boyfriend to use a condom, said members of the Global Coalition on Women and AIDS.

Fear of violence and destitution stifles many HIV/AIDS education efforts in …
Communication between Physicians and Patients in the Era of E-Medicine
Authors: John H. Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

This year, my clinic began inviting patients to use a secure Internet link to communicate with physicians and staff members. Self-preservation was high on our list of reasons for establishing online communication. Our patients had become accustomed to contacting us through myriad routes: the clinic telephone, our individual office lines, the hospital paging system, our cell phones, the clinic fax machine, and in some cases, our home telephones. Secure Web messaging about routine issues was an attempt to direct round-the-clock communication into a manageable channel.Even before we initiated such messaging within a broader model of e-medicine, many patients had . . .
Phenotypic and functional characterization of human cytolytic T cells lacking expression of CD5.
Authors: B E Bierer, Y Nishimura, S J Burakoff, B R Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Although the CD5 (T1) antigen was initially described as a pan-T cell membrane glycoprotein, we report that 14 of 40 normal individuals were found to have 5% or greater of their blood mononuclear cells characterized as CD3 (T3)+ but CD5- by dual immunofluorescence flow cytometry. These cells expressed normal quantities of surface CD3 and CD2 but low levels of CD7, were CD8+ and CD4-, and CD16-. In order to determine whether cells of this phenotype were functional, six CD5- cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones isolated from normal individuals were studied. The CD5- CTL clones all demonstrated normal cytolytic activity against appropriate target cells. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against CD3, CD8, CD2, and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3, but not against CD5, inhibited cytolytic activity. Changes in intracellular calcium [( Ca2+]i) in response to anti-CD5 and anti-CD3 MAbs were measured. Stimulation by anti-CD5 MAb alone did not give rise to a change in [Ca2+]i. However, under conditions of limiting concentrations of anti-CD3 MAb, preincubation of normal CD5+, but not CD5-, clones with anti-CD5 MAb led to a dramatic enhancement in the ability of anti-CD3 MAb to elicit a rise in [Ca2+]i. We conclude that CD5- T lymphocytes represent a normal lymphoid phenotype. Although CD5 may be involved in T cell activation when present, these CD5- CTL clones appear to express normal cytolytic activity.
Long-term outcomes after transplantation of HLA-identical related G-CSF–mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells versus bone marrow
Authors: Marco Mielcarek, Barry Storer, Paul J. Martin, Stephen J. Forman, Robert S. Negrin, Mary E. Flowers, Yoshihiro Inamoto, Thomas R. Chauncey, Rainer Storb, Frederick R. Appelbaum, William I. Bensinger
Journal: Blood (2012)
Abstract 4267: MUC1 increases epidermal growth factor receptor levels and signaling in endometrial cancer cell lines.
Authors: Brian J. Engel, Daniel D. Carson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer, affecting over 600,000 women in the United States. Furthermore, increased incidence of endometrial cancer is observed among obese and premenopausal women. Currently, the standard of care is hysterectomy with the addition of radiation and chemotherapy for late stage cancers. Novel therapies are required to avoid surgical complications associated with obese patients and to preserve the fertility of young patients. MUC1 is a large, heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein that functions to lubricate mucosal surfaces, protect cells from external insult and modulates the embryo implantation process. Recent evidence suggests that the C-terminus of MUC1 is involved in intracellular signaling through interaction with several cancer-associated proteins. One of these proteins is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase that influences cellular proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Elevated MUC1 levels are associated with increased levels and signaling of EGFR in breast cancer; however, this phenomenon has not been described in the context of endometrial cancer and the mechanisms involved are not well understood in any context. To this end, human endometrial cancer cell lines were subjected to siRNA knockdown of MUC1 followed by qRT-PCR, western blotting, EGFR promoter-driven luciferase assays, proliferation and migration assays. These assays demonstrate a correlation of MUC1 levels with EGFR mRNA levels, protein levels, signaling, gene expression and cellular proliferation and migration. These results demonstrate that MUC1 control of EGFR levels and signaling also occurs in endometrial cancer-derived cell lines. Future experiments will elucidate the mechanisms by which MUC1 promotes EGFR gene expression and signaling in endometrial cancer. These insights may provide novel MUC1-based targets for endometrial cancer therapies which when used in conjunction with current non-surgical treatments may provide a therapeutic strategy that avoids surgical complications and preserves fertility. (Work supported by NIH grants RO1 HD 29963 and NCI 2P5098258-06 as well as Rice University funds to DDC). Citation Format: Brian J. Engel, Daniel D. Carson. MUC1 increases epidermal growth factor receptor levels and signaling in endometrial cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4267. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4267
Interstitial Emphysema in Measles
Authors: J. J. Linehan
Journal: BMJ (1950)

If judged by the nature and limited number of references to it in the medical literature, the above complication of measles would appear to be very rare.I have therefore been prompted to report the occurrence of three cases at Croydon Isolation Hospital within a period of little over a year. Case ReportsCase 1.-A girl aged 6 developed measles on January 28, 1949, the rash appearing on February 3. Interstitial emphysema of the chest wall was recognized by the practitioner in attendance on February 5 and admission to hospital was sought.On
Non-cardiac determinants of NT-proBNP levels in the elderly: Relevance of haematocrit and hepatic steatosis
Authors: Antonio Muscari, Annalisa Berzigotti, Giampaolo Bianchi, Claudia Giannoni, Amedeo Ligabue, Donatella Magalotti, Dario Sbano, Annalisa Zacchini, Marco Zoli
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Mutation, SNP, and isoform analysis of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) in 150 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Obiageli N. Onwuazor, Xiao-Yan Wen, Ding-Yan Wang, Lihua Zhuang, Esther Masih-Khan, Jaimie Claudio, Bart Barlogie, John D. Shaughnessy, A. Keith Stewart
Journal: Blood (2003)
Secondary Neoplasms in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The coexistence of multiple myeloma and another cancer in the same patient has been reported on several occasions.<sup>1</sup> The occurrence of second neoplasms in patients treated with melphalan for multiple myeloma (236:1609, 1976) is a rare but well-recognized phenomenon. The most frequent second neoplasm is acute myelocytic leukemia.<sup>2</sup>It is far from clear whether the melphalan is causally related to the development of acute leukemia or whether this disease represents the natural evolution of multiple myeloma hitherto obscured by early deaths. I agree with the editorial (236:1612, 1976) that such reports ... should alert physicians and stimulate a careful examination of all patients who receive melphalan to determine if multiple primary neoplasia is occurring in these patients and to assess its suppressive effect on tumor growth in those patients who do not have multiple myeloma or some other condition that may impair immunocompetence. There could develop
UK regulatory body wants public consultation on human-animal hybrid research
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors from more than a third of accident and emergency departments in hospitals in England said they were not reaching the government's target of dealing with patients within four hours.The main reason for this finding, from a survey published this week, was a shortage of available hospital beds, making it difficult for patients to be admitted.Only 49% of the nearly 500 members of the British Association for Emergency Medicine-all consultants and middle grade doctors-responding to the survey reported that their departments met the emergency access target for 98% of all patients to be seen, treated, admitted, or discharged within four hours.Although only 49% considered that their department actually met the emergency access target, 67% said that the figures reported by their department indicated that the target had been met.Respondents' comments on what had happened in their departments included, "Middle managers revising figures before being submitted," "Minor injury unit figures used to help achieve department's 96.9% target," and "Patients often 'moved' on the computer tracking but still kept in department to meet targets."Forty one per cent said that their depart- Lack of beds leads to missed government targetsment did not reach this target."Not enough available in-patient beds" was the main reason given for departments not meeting the emergency access target, and 88% of respondents reported it as a major contributory factor.Don MacKechnie, chairman of the BMA's emergency subcommittee and a consultant in emergency medicine at Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, said that financial problems in the NHS had meant that the availability of hospital beds for patients needing admission from accident and emergency departments was an important problem.He said, "In certain trusts, financial recovery measures have included closing beds previously used as 'safety valves' before, such as beds in rehabilitation wards.This has a knock-on effect to A&E [accident and emergency departments], with recovering patients that might have previously been moved remaining in acute beds."Mr MacKechnie said it was important that emergency access targets were seen as having broader application than simply affecting accident and emergency departments."Sometimes, other specialties forget that this is not just an A&E target.It is an emergency access target, with a responsibility from all specialties in an acute trust to ensure that the four hour target can be met."He said this meant ensuring that sufficient beds were available to admit patients from emergency departments and ensuring that doctors on call in each specialty are free to see patients in accident and emergency departments within the target of one hour after being referred.
Glycan-regulated Antigen Processing of a Protein in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Can Uncover Cryptic Cytotoxic T Cell Epitopes
Authors: Philip Wood, Tim Elliott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

We and others have shown that influenza A nucleoprotein (NP) targeted to the secretory pathway cannot be processed to yield several cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in cell lines that lack the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). However, a large COOH-terminal fragment of NP is processed and presented in these cells. Full-length NP is cotranslationally glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum at two sites distal to the major H2-Kk and H2-Db restricted CTL epitopes, and we show here that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of N-linked glycosylation, leads to the processing and presentation of both these epitopes in a TAP-independent way.
Doctors' Dilemmas: Moral Conflict and Medical Care
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Last year there appeared in these columns a review ofHealth and Human Valuesby Harron, Burnside, and Beauchamp (1983;250:1339). That book admirably considered the clinical ethical issues at the beginning and end of life and the concept of right to medical care. This reviewer has noted an increasing tide of biomedical ethical books in recent years, some good, some bad, a few very good—such as the volume by Harron et al, and the text at hand by Gorovitz. Until now, none of these has seemed ideal as a text for a course in medical ethics, either for practitioners or for undergraduate medical students and residents. But that gap has been filled now, I believe, using the Gorovitz book as a standard text, supplemented by discussions on specific issues and annotated references from Harron et al.  In the provocative opening chapter Moral Mayhem in Modern Medicine Gorovitz sets out the
From the JAMA Web Sites
Authors: Charles S. Cleeland
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>BMJ</h3><h3>Underestimation and Undertreatment of Pain in HIV Disease: Multicentre Study</h3><h3>Objectives:</h3> To measure the prevalence, severity, and impact of pain on quality of life for HIV patients; to identify factors associated with undertreatment of pain. <h3>Design:</h3> Multicentre cross sectional survey. <h3>Settings:</h3> 34 HIV treatment facilities, including inpatient hospital wards, day hospitals, and ambulatory care clinics, in 13 cities throughout France. <h3>Subjects:</h3> 315 HIV patients at different stages of the disease. <h3>Main outcome measures:</h3> Patients: recorded presence and severity of pain and rated quality of life. Doctors: reported disease status, estimate of pain severity, and analgesic treatment ordered. <h3>Results:</h3> From 30% (17/56) of outpatients to 62% (73/118) of inpatients reported pain due to HIV disease. Pain severity significantly decreased patients' quality of life. Doctors underestimated pain severity in 52% (70/ 135) of HIV patients reporting pain. Underestimation of pain severity was more likely for patients who reported moderate (odds ratio 24) or severe pain (165) and less likely for patients whose pain source was identified or who were perceived as more depressed. Of the patients reporting moderate or severe pain, 57% (61/ 107) did not receive any analgesic treatment; only 22% (23/107) received at least weak opioids. Likelihood of analgesic prescription increased when doctors estimated pain to be more severe and regarded patients as sicker. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Pain is a common and debilitating symptom of HIV disease which is gravely underestimated and undertreated.
Gastro-Fiberscopic Biopsy on Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: K. Kawai, Y. Akasaka, F. Misaki, K. Murakami, M. Masuda
Journal: Endoscopy (1970)

We had 113 cases of early gastric cancer since 1958, representing 24% of all operated gastric cancer cases since then. Recent instrumental and technical improvement resulted in correct diagnosis of early gastric cancer in 88% via biopsy. Moreover, false positive cases have been decreasing and endoscopical accuracy of diagnosis has been improving. Comparing indirect ways of diagnosis by radiology and endoscopy, the biopsy is one of the most direct ways of diagnosing carcinoma. Presenting two of our cases, we emphasized topographic localization of carcinoma diagnosing early gastric cancer by biopsy and sufficient possibility to diagnose minimal lesions (less than one cm. in size) by biopsy.