tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The SCOOP (SCOmpenso nella Ospedalizzazione Pubblica) trial in heart failure
Authors: M.C. Albanese, P. Bernes, D. Caliandro, P. Goss, P. Udina, N. Salvatori, D. Gregori, A. Bulfone, P. Rossi, P.M. Fioretti
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Peeling skin syndrome: a clinical., ultrastructural and biochemical study
Authors: B. MEVORAH, E. FRENK, J.H. SAURAT, G. SIEGENTHALER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

A case of 'peeling skin syndrome' is reported. We have demonstrated a hitherto unreported keratohyalin abnormality and a four‐fold increase of cellular retinoic acid binding protein, in one of two biopsies from an erythematous, scaling lesion.
Mitral Stenosis and Systemic Emboli
Authors: D. Lillicrap, A. Piesowicz
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Systemi( Embolism-Somerville and Chambers moMEDMCALHNAL 1169 convey good protection against systemic emboli (Szekely, 1964).The operation designed to prevent further emboli consists of amputation of the appendix and correction when possible of the valve disease, even though it is trivial.Left atrial appendicectomy was recommended by Madden ( 1949), but he reported on only two cases, the results were not convincing, and he did not press home his argument. SummarySystemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis was more than three times commoner when the left atrial appendix was large than when small.Conversely, the left atrial appendix was larger in patients with a history of embolism than in those without it.The occurrence of embolism rose steeply in successive decades when the appendix was large but not when it was small.The left atrial appendix should be amputated at mitral valvotomy as an extra precaution against embolism.A number of patients presenting with systemic embolism and only slight rheumatic mitral-valve involvement have disproportionate enlargement of the left atrial appendix.Amputation of the appendix and relief of mitral stenosis, how- ever slight, is recommended here as a protection against further emboli.We are grateful to the physicians and surgeons of the Middlesex and Harefield Hospitals, to Dr. A. Kardalinos, and to
Abstract 3313: 17β-Estradiol-ERβ axis confers proliferation and migration through IGF-1R-dependent expression of TMPRSS2 in castration-resistant PC-3 cells
Authors: Hogyoung Kim, Amrita Datta, Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed, Asim B. Abdel-Mageed
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among males in the Western world. TMPRSS2, a gene that encodes serine-protease type II transmembrane domain, has been shown to be frequently prevalent as a TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion during early event in the genesis of PCa. However, TMPRESS2 function remains largely unknown, especially in castration-resistant PCa cells. While TMPRESS2 has previously been shown to be an androgen-regulated gene, TMPRSS2-ERG expression is regulated by a novel ERβ-dependent mechanism. The objectives of this study are to determine the mechanisms of expression and the functional significance of TMPRSS2 in growth and migration of castration-resistant AR-null PC-3 cells. 17β-Estradiol (E2; 10nM) induced TMPRSS2 expression (4-fold higher) in an ERβ-dependent manner as evidenced by shRNA silencing, but not by ERα-specific shRNA, in PC-3 cells. Intriguingly, the E2-induced TMPRSS2 expression was blocked by AG1024 (IGF-1R inhibitor) or knockdown of IGF-1R by siRNA, but not by AG1478 (EGFR inhibitor), suggesting that IGF-1R mediates expression of TMPRESS2 by the E2-ERβ axis in PC-3 cells. Moreover, TMPRSS2-specific siRNA markedly attenuated E2-induced cell growth and migration of PC-3 cells, suggesting that TMPRSS2 may be pivotal to E2-mediated progression of castration-resistant disease in vivo. The effects of TMPRSS2 silencing seem to be mediated through inhibition of E2-induced activation of NF-κB-signaling in these cells. Taken together, our results unraveled the underlying mechanisms that govern the expression and function of TMPRSS2 in mediating E2-induced growth and migration of castration-resistant PC-3 cells. Delineation of such critical players may culminate in identifying therapeutic targets to selectively circumvent castration-resistant outgrowth in PCa patients. Citation Format: Hogyoung Kim, Amrita Datta, Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed, Asim B. Abdel-Mageed. 17β-Estradiol-ERβ axis confers proliferation and migration through IGF-1R-dependent expression of TMPRSS2 in castration-resistant PC-3 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3313. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3313
Abstract 1198: Connexin 43 is an estrogen receptor β1 regulated gene in breast cancer
Authors: Ketan Badiani, Elizabeth McLachlan, Kanyarat Ung, Charles Ung, Leigh C. Murphy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that allow direct cell to cell communication. Normal human mammary epithelium expresses both connexin 43 (Cx43) and connexin 26 (Cx26) and when overexpressed, these connexins have been shown to act as tumor suppressors in human breast cancer. We have previously characterized two human breast cancer cells lines that inducibly overexpress estrogen receptor β1 (ERβ1) and we utilize these cells to examine the regulation of Cx43 by ERβ1 in human breast cancer. We observe that in both MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells that inducibly overexpress ERβ1, upon estradiol (E2) stimulation, there is a 4-fold or greater increase in Cx43 protein, regardless of whether cells are grown in two-dimensional (2D) or organotypic three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Cx43 mRNA increases 2-fold upon ERβ1 induction and E2 stimulation of MDA-MB-231 cells with no co-incident change in Cx26 mRNA. Cx43 protein significantly increases upon treatment of cells with selective ERβ agonists, like DPN or genistein, but not with the ERα agonist PPT. Treatment of cells with ICI 182780 inhibits the E2 stimulated increase in Cx43 protein, while, the E2 stimulated increase was still seen in the presence of the anti-progestin RU486. Moreover, we observe a morphological shift in the appearance of MDA-MB-231 cells that overexpress ERβ1 when grown in 3D culture to that of a more differentiated-like organoid. Further work will involve an analysis of the interaction between ERβ1 and the Cx43 promoter. Taken together, the data suggests that Cx43 is an ERβ1 regulated gene. This research is funded by grants from CBCRA (Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance), CIHR (Canadian Institutes for Health Research), and CCMF (CancerCare Manitoba Foundation). EM is the recipient of a post-doctoral research fellowship from the Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute – Terry Fox Foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1198. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1198
Circulating Heparan Sulfate Anticoagulant in a Patient with a Fatal Bleeding Disorder
Authors: Richard N. Palmer, Margaret E. Rick, Paul D. Rick, Jack A. Zeller, Harvey R. Gralnick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We have identified a circulating, heparin-like anticoagulant in a patient with multiple myeloma (IgG4 lambda) who had serious clinically evident bleeding that contributed to his death. Purification of the patient's circulating coagulation inhibitor was accomplished by ammonium sulfate concentration, anion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography on protamine sulfate. Analysis of the purified inhibitor showed that it was a proteoglycan that comigrated with heparan sulfate on lithium acetate-agarose-gel electrophoresis and that it contained 39 per cent L-iduronic acid. Control samples of heparan sulfate and heparin contained 29 and 68 per cent L-iduronic acid, respectively. Functional coagulation studies revealed that the purified inhibitor had cofactor activity with antithrombin III that could be abolished by prior incubation with protamine sulfate or platelet factor 4. Recognition of the existence of this or of other similar inhibitors in bleeding patients is important because of the potential for treatment with agents such as protamine sulfate and platelet factor 4, which neutralize the anticoagulant effects of proteoglycans.
Increased exhaled nitric oxide in asthma is mainly derived from the lower respiratory tract.
Authors: S A Kharitonov, K F Chung, D Evans, B J O'Connor, P J Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO) is detectable in the exhaled air of human subjects, and its concentration is increased in patients with asthma. We have investigated the origin of the increase in exhaled NO in asthmatic patients by using different expiratory maneuvers and by direct sampling from the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Exhaled NO was measured by a chemiluminescence analyzer. Concentrations of NO measured during expiration against the resistance of the analyzer with exhaled flow of 1 L/min, were 78 +/- 3 ppb in normal subjects (n = 46) and significantly elevated in patients with asthma (301 +/- 26 ppb, n = 30, p < 0.001). Values of exhaled NO were lower when measured during unobstructed expiration with a flow of 5 L/min with sampling from a side-arm (7 +/- 1 ppb), but again were elevated in patients with asthma (46 +/- 6 ppb, p < 0.001). Breath-holding for 20 s resulted in an initial peak of NO, but end-expiration values similar to the unobstructed expiration. The concentration of NO in the nose was considerably greater than in expired air (996 +/- 39 ppb) and was elevated in patients with asthma (1,390 +/- 71 ppb, p < 0.002). Direct sampling from trachea and right middle lobe bronchus via a fiberoptic bronchoscope gave similar values in five normal and 15 asthmatic subjects to the values recorded during unobstructed expiration, and there was a good correlation between values in expired air and direct sampling (trachea r = 0.91, right middle lobe r = 0.87, p < 0.001). We conclude that exhaled NO measured in an unobstructed breath reflects concentrations in the lower respiratory tract, but that breath-holding or expiration against resistance is contaminated by residual NO derived from the upper respiratory tract. We also provide evidence that the elevated levels of exhaled NO in asthmatic patients are derived predominantly from the lower respiratory tract.
Intensity and Amount of Physical Activity in Relation to Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Exercise training is associated with improved insulin sensitivity (SI), but the potential impact of habitual, nonvigorous activity is uncertain.To determine whether habitual, nonvigorous physical activity, as well as vigorous and overall activity, is associated with better SI.A multicultural epidemiologic study.The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study, conducted in Oakland, Calif; Los Angeles, Calif; the San Luis Valley, Colo; and San Antonio, Tex.A total of 1467 men and women of African American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white ethnicity, aged 40 to 69 years, with glucose tolerance ranging from normal to mild non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Insulin sensitivity as measured by an intravenous glucose tolerance test.The mean SI for individuals who participated in vigorous activity 5 or more times per week was 1.59 min(-1) x microU(-1) x mL(-1) x 10(-4) (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-1.79) compared with 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83-0.97) for those who rarely or never participated in vigorous activity, after adjusting for potential confounders (P<.001). When habitual physical activity (estimated energy expenditure [EEE]) was assessed by 1-year recall of activities, the correlation coefficient between SI and total EEE was 0.14 (P<.001). After adjustment for confounders, vigorous and nonvigorous levels of EEE (metabolic equivalent levels > or = 6.0 and <6.0, respectively) were each positively and independently associated with SI (P< or =.01 for each). The association was attenuated after adjustment for the potential mediators, body mass index (a measure of weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters), and waist-to-hip ratio. Results were similar for subgroups of sex, ethnicity, and diabetes.Increased participation in nonvigorous as well as overall and vigorous physical activity was associated with significantly higher SI. These findings lend further support to current public health recommendations for increased moderate-intensity physical activity on most days.
Immunization with Asian-Strain Influenza Vaccine
Authors: James R. McCarroll, Edwin D. Kilbourne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

ALTHOUGH considerable information concerning the technic and value of influenza immunization had been acquired before the recent Asian-strain outbreak, surprising gaps in this information became apparent to those planning immunization programs at the outset of the epidemic. Extensive and careful studies, largely in the military,1 , 2 had confirmed and defined the efficacy of immunization with influenza-virus vaccines. On the basis of this evidence reasonable inferences could be drawn concerning antibody response (and protection against clinical influenza) after the administration of vaccine in large antigenic mass in a single injection by the subcutaneous route in young adult males in crowded population groups. . . .
Patients' complaints: GMC could do better
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The General Medical Council (GMC) needs to improve the quality of its customer care if it is to retain public trust, according to a survey conducted by Health Which? (October 1999).

After advertising in national newspapers for complainants the magazine surveyed the experiences of 264 patients who had contacted the GMC about a complaint. In only six of these cases was any action taken against a doctor. Eighty two per cent said that they were dissatisfied with the fairness of the process and 85% were left with a more negative impression …
A glass of Malaga
Authors: Martin Goldman
Journal: BMJ (2010)

If you are ever in Andalucia a visit to the Museo del Vidrio y Cristal de Malaga (museum of glass and crystal), which opened in September 2009, is a stimulating experience. 

When we arrived, we were asked to wait in the atrium area, while a guide was contacted. When the receptionist addressed the person on the other end of the telephone as “Professor,” we speculated on the possibility of an abstruse lecture on …
TCT-648 Coronary Atheroma Composition Predicts Endothelial Dysfunction in Non-ST Segment Myocardial Infarction: Novel Insights with Radiofrequency (iMAP) Intravascular Ultrasonography (IVUS)
Authors: Rishi Puri, Stephen J. Nicholls, Danielle Brennan, Jordan Andrews, Gary Liew, Angelo Carbone, Barbara Copus, Adam J. Nelson, Samir Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, John Beltrame, Stephen G. Worthley, Matthew Worthley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THE EARLY HISTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF CARCINOMA OF THE UTERINE CERVIX
Authors: HENRY SCHMITZ
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In a previous paper the histologic changes in seventy-five cases of chronic cervicitis as revealed by serial sectioning were described.1In six of these, blastomatoid changes consisting of cellular and nuclear deviations in size, shape and chromatism, epithelial heterotopia and stroma reaction were present. We designated these changes as neoplasia. It was made clear that it was imperative to follow up the patients in whom this neoplasia was found, to determine the significance of the cellular changes. To these six cases, in the course of time, three more were added, so that we have now nine cervices with blastomatoid changes. Eight were treated immediately with adequate doses of radiation as used in carcinomas, and normal anatomic conditions were obtained. One patient was not treated and a report of the case will now be given:  Jan. 30, 1933, a low circular amputation of the cervix of Mrs. S. was done.
Condition of Testicle After Division of Cord in Treatment of Hernia
Authors: Y. G. Bodhe
Journal: BMJ (1959)

months.Control was exercised by observing any spontaneous change in the neighbouring unstretched groups in each patient.Hypertonus was abolished in all the treated flexor groups.Voluntary flexion was not impaired except in one case.The antagonist muscles achieved an increased power and range of movement in most cases.No lasting spontaneous change occurred in any of the control muscle groups.Ten patients still survive.Of these, six have retained the above features in all of nine stretched muscle groups and their antagonists during an average period of 58 weeks since stretch was stopped.Six muscle groups in four patients have reverted to their original state in a similar time.The factors which may be responsible for this variable response are suggested.
Assessment of Airflow Obstruction during CPAP by Means of Forced Oscillation in Patients with Sleep Apnea
Authors: DANIEL NAVAJAS, RAMÓN FARRÉ, MAR ROTGER, RAMÓN BADIA, MARINA PUIG-de-MORALES, JOSEP M. MONTSERRAT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a noninvasive method to measure respiratory resistance (Rrs) potentially useful for monitoring upper airway obstruction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/ hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). The aim of this work was to test the clinical suitability of FOT in assessing dynamic changes in airflow obstruction in patients with SAHS during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and to investigate the CPAP dependence of Rrs. Forced oscillation (5 Hz) was applied to six male patients with SAHS submitted to CPAP titration procedure. Esophageal pressure was measured with a balloon-tipped catheter. Mid-inspiratory resistance (Rrs,i), mid-expiratory resistance (Rrs,e), and esophageal pressure swings ( Δ Pes) were computed for the respiratory events recorded at each CPAP level. Rrs,i decreased markedly and significantly from 36.0 ± 4.0 cm H2O · s/L (mean ± SEM) at baseline CPAP (4 cm H2O) to 13.1 ± 2.8 cm H2O · s/L at optimal CPAP (11.3 ± 0.4 cm H2O). Rrs,e showed a faster decrease with increasing CPAP reaching normal values at ∼ 8 cm H2O. Rrs,i was strongly correlated (r2 = 0.94) with Δ Pes. Our results suggest that FOT can be used as an alternative to the esophageal balloon for assessing airflow obstruction in patients with SAHS and for CPAP titration. Moreover, FOT allows us to detect phasic changes in resistance within the breathing cycle.
Bilateral empyema and purulent pericarditis due to Haemophilus influenzae capsular type b.
Authors: A Mier
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Spontaneous pneumothorax due to metastatic carcinoma ofthe rectum The paper by Mr PE Beam and Mr OJ Lau (June 1988;43: 496) mentions that pneumothorax can be produced by metastasis from osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing's tumour, Wilm's tumour, melanoma, and endometrial adenocarcinoma, and that metastatic carcinoma of the rectum has previously not been reported as a cause of pneumothorax.We wish to add that various other primary malignancies, including fibrosarcoma, angiosarcoma, synovial cell sar- coma, leiomyosarcoma, etc, have also been reported to result in pneumothorax.'Although breakdown of the tumour directly into the pleural space, as mentioned by the authors, can result in pneumothorax, alternative mechanisms of pneumothorax formation have also been reported.These include tumour embolus and subsequent infarction and necrosis of the lung with air leak,2 and rupture of lung tissue due to secondary deposits beneath the pleura, producing free interstitial air that may trek along the vascular sheaths to the mediastinum and rupture through the mediastinal pleura.3The occasional association of pneumomediastinum and the spontaneous resolution of pneumothorax in some patients strongly support the latter hypothesis of pneumothorax formation in metastatic lung disease.'2
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON THE COURSE OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Authors: HENRY R. VIETS
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Pregnancy may and often does cause profound changes in patients with myasthenia gravis. In some instances during part or all of the nine months of childbearing symptoms disappear entirely; more rarely the disease increases in severity in the early months, and in a few instances during this period abortions for therapeutic reasons have been considered justifiable. More rarely remission does not take place during the entire pregnancy.  The subject has received scant attention in the literature, and few instances of pregnancy occurring in patients with myasthenia gravis have been reported. This is partly due to the rarity of the disease. At the Boston Lying-In Hospital only 1 patient with myasthenia gravis was registered in more than 63,268 admissions between 1900 and 1940. Most textbooks on obstetrics, moreover, do not mention the disease.  Myasthenia gravis, or grave muscle weakness, is a disease characterized by an abnormal state of fatigability of particular
Abstract C50: CXCL12-triggered amoeboid cell motility is mediated through a RhoA-directed signaling hub
Authors: Meghan M. Wyse, Andrea L. Nestor-Kalinoski, Kathryn M. Eisenmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Morphological plasticity is a common feature of cancer cells in response to environmental cues. Mesenchymal cancer cells, dependent on proteolysis for motility, can switch to a protease-independent amoeboid morphology and evade anti-invasion therapeutics that target matrix metalloproteases. The highly conserved formin family of proteins play a role in cell motility and play a critical role in mediating cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The cellular actin dynamics driving cell motility are highly regulated by mammalian diaphanous-related formin 2 (mDia2). mDia2 assembles non-branched actin filaments and maintains the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton. Our lab previously demonstrated a direct interaction between mDia2 and its inhibitor diaphanous-interacting protein (DIP), which subsequently acts as a trigger for mesenchymal/amoeboid interconvertability in breast cancer cells by disrupting F-actin polymerization and bundling. This interaction plays an essential role in the disruption of the cell cortex leading to a membrane blebbing phenotype, a hallmark of amoeboid cell motility (ACM). We recently reported that the chemokine CXCL12 stimulates DIP:mDia2 complex assembly. It is well established that CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 are involved in cancer metastasis, including breast cancer metastasis to lung and lymph node. Sites of distant metastasis are also often shown to express high levels of CXCL12. We, therefore, hypothesize that CXCL12 secreted from the tumor microenvironment may be a physiological trigger of amoeboid cell motility and invasion via the mDia2:DIP axis. Our current objective is to interrogate the requirement for CXCL12-driven, mDia2-dependent non-apoptotic membrane blebbing. Here we show in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells that CXCL12 activates the GTPase RhoA, a known binding partner and activator of mDia2. Upon activation of mDia2, its inhibitor DIP can bind, disrupting F-actin polymerization within the cell cortex, leading to blebbing. Collectively, these data indicate a potential unexplored link between CXCL12/RhoA/mDia signaling and ACM in breast cancer cells. Understanding the molecular basis of ACM will lend novel insight into mechanisms controlling breast cancer progression and may translate into development of therapeutics controlling invasion/metastatic dissemination. Citation Format: Meghan M. Wyse, Andrea L. Nestor-Kalinoski, Kathryn M. Eisenmann. CXCL12-triggered amoeboid cell motility is mediated through a RhoA-directed signaling hub. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C50.