tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of nucleoside transport inhibition and endogenous adenosine in prevention of catecholamine induced death in rabbits
Authors: H. V. Belle, K. V. Donck, W. Verheyen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

R 75,231, a potent and specific nucleoside transport inhibitor, largely prevents cardiac damage and death in catecholamine challenged rabbits. The major biochemical effect of nucleoside transport inhibition in ischaemic and reperfused myocardium is a prolonged accumulation of adenosine. The cardioprotection by R 75,231 may be explained if it can be shown that endogenous adenosine plays a role in catecholamine cardiotoxicity and if nucleoside transport inhibition is required for the cardioprotective effect of R 75,231.Several groups of rabbits were infused with catecholamines until death. Changes in survival with time of infusion by coinfusion of aminophylline and/or treatment with R 75,231 and its two stereoenantiomers were assessed.Treatment with R 75,231 postponed the time to reach 50% mortality threefold after challenge with adrenaline or noradrenaline. Draflazine, the (-)-enantiomer of R 75,231, was also effective, whereas the (+)-enantiomer, which is devoid of any effect on the transporter, was not cardioprotective. The cardioprotective effect of R 75,231 was dependent on the extent and duration of ex vivo inhibition of the transporter in blood. Co-infusion of aminophylline with adrenaline significantly accelerated the rate of mortality.Nucleoside transport inhibition is the major, if not the only, determinant for efficacy of R 75,231 and draflazine as cardioprotective agents. Taken together with the evidence for a role of endogenous adenosine, the benefit from nucleoside transport inhibition in this model may be the result of prolonged accumulation of endogenous adenosine.
Discrepancy between Haemagglutination and Radioimmunological Techniques for Measurement of Serum Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies
Authors: Ulla Feldt‐Rasmussen, H. Perrild, K. Bech, H. Bliddal, J. Date, M. Høier Madsen, O. Nordfang, L. P. Ryder, M. Thomsen, E. Kappelgaard, H. Nielsen
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Recently, it has been suggested that in some patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases the tanned red cell (TRC) method for detection of thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) is negative where TgAb measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) show positive values. To investigate this further, patients with thyroid diseases, pernicious anaemia and a control group were studied for serum concentrations of TgAb by TRC and by quantitative RIA, calibrated against MRC Standard A65/93. Antibodies for microsomes (MAb) were measured immunofluoretically. There was in all patient groups (Hashimoto's thyroiditis ( n = 41), Graves’ disease (n=50), idiopathic myxoedema ( n = 12), euthyroid Graves’ disease ( n = 7), pernicious anaemia ( n = 81)) a discrepancy between TgAb measured by TRC and RIA, respectively, whereas there was a reasonable correlation between the presence of TgAb by RIA and the presence of MAb. A possible interference from antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factors was ruled out. There was no increased frequency of TgAb measured by RIA in the control group. Fractionation of TRC negative sera revealed macromolecular TRC‐activity, whereas TgAb positive sera by both methods had almost exclusively RIA and TRC activity corresponding to IgC. Based on these results and others it seems that the TRC method for measurement of serum TgAb is of limited diagnostic value. Furthermore, the TRC method is in many cases not sensitive enough for screening for TgAb prior to measurement of serum Tg, which is of importance as this method shows false values in the presence of TgAb due to methodological interference.
Humoral and cell-mediated immune status in mice exposed to chloral hydrate.
Authors: B M Kauffmann, K L White, V M Sanders, K A Douglas, L E Sain, J F Borzelleca, A E Munson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Chloral hydrate has been found in our drinking water supplies at levels up to 5 micrograms/1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional status of the immune system in random-bred CD-1 mice exposed to chloral hydrate for 14 and 90 days. Male mice, following 14 or 90 days of exposure to 1/10 and 1/100 the actual oral LD50, exhibited no alterations in either humoral or cell-mediated immunity. However, female mice exposed for 90 days to chloral hydrate in the drinking water demonstrated a significant depression in humoral immune function. This depression was observed when spleen cells from exposed mice were evaluated for their ability to produce antibody against sheep erythrocytes. These females did not demonstrate any changes in cell-mediated immune status.
Rapid detection of autoantibodies to dsDNA with the particle gel immunoassay (ID-PaGIA)
Authors: A Seltsam
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Objective: To describe a new particle agglutination test for the detection of autoantibodies to double stranded DNA (dsDNA). Patients and methods: Serum samples were collected from 40 unselected healthy blood donors and 200 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or a positive antinuclear antibody screen, or both. The samples were tested in the presence of red high density polystyrene particles coated with purified human dsDNA using the gel technique (Micro Typing System, ID-PaGIA, particle gel immunoassay). The results were compared with those obtained by the two standard anti-dsDNA antibody detection methods, <i>Crithidia luciliae</i> immunofluorescence test (CLIF) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The three anti-dsDNA assays exhibited an overall agreement of 87% and significant correlation with each other (p&lt;0.0001). In the SLE group (n=71), 45 patients (63%) were found to be positive by ID-PaGIA compared with only 11/129 (9%) patients in the non-SLE group. Thus the ID-PaGIA had a sensitivity of 63%, and a specificity of 92% for SLE. In comparison, the standard detection methods showed sensitivities of 62% (CLIF) and 70% (ELISA) and specificities of 99% (CLIF) and 84% (ELISA) for SLE. Anti-dsDNA reactivity in the agglutination assay correlated closely with the quantities of antibody obtained by CLIF (<i>r</i>=0.81, p&lt;0.0001) and ELISA (<i>r</i>=0.73, p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: The new particle gel agglutination test is a sensitive and specific immunoassay. It is a simple test procedure that might be well suited as a rapid screening method.
Missense mutations in the sodium-gated potassium channel gene KCNT1 cause severe autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Sarah E Heron, Katherine R Smith, Melanie Bahlo, Lino Nobili, Esther Kahana, Laura Licchetta, Karen L Oliver, Aziz Mazarib, Zaid Afawi, Amos Korczyn, Giuseppe Plazzi, Steven Petrou, Samuel F Berkovic, Ingrid E Scheffer, Leanne M Dibbens
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Patients need comfort and control in beds and chairs
Authors: A. W Fowler
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Routinely asking women about domestic violenceSeeking the causes of disease, not routine inquiry, is good practice Editor-We fail to detect partner abuse because we do not ask. 1 2 Inability to accurately diagnose partner abuse prevents screening criteria being met.Taket et al propose routine inquiry to improve detection.However, one of these authors showed how difficult asking about partner abuse is. 3 Exhortation to ask routinely will not overcome professional reluctance.More research about acceptability to women, 3 and what happens after disclosure, is needed before routine inquiry is instigated.Old fashioned diagnostic inquiry may suffice, provided diagnostic skills are improved by training to spot post-traumatic stress disorder.Physical signs fade long before the psychological scars of partner abuse. 1 Post-traumatic stress disorder is present in 35% of those who have experienced partner abuse, is often comorbid with depression, and is indicative of experiencing the severe end of the domestic violence spectrum. 1 4 Symptoms include panic attacks, flashbacks, nightmares, hypervigilance, and poor sleep.Among clinical indicators of intimate or partner abuse (thick files, multiple injuries, drunkenness, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder 1 ) only post-traumatic stress disorder specifically identifies and acknowledges the type of trauma experienced during the diagnostic process.The causative role of that trauma in patients' subsequent distress becomes clear.A non-blaming attitude is engendered towards patients whose traumatic experiences may leave them feeling shame and self-blame, as well as severe anxiety.The abused faces complex decisions about what to do next.Seeking the causes of disease is consistent with good diagnostic medical practice, whereas routinely asking people about trauma feels inappropriate and will not be done.
SUGAR TOLERANCE AS AN AID TO DIAGNOSIS
Authors: ALLAN WINTER ROWE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This paper presents the details of a quantitative method for the determination of the sugar tolerance or better "assimilation limit"; its standardization with groups of normal controls, and the results of its application to a large group of cases presenting a variety of disease conditions. Certain portions of this work have already appeared,<sup>1</sup>and this article summarizes these and the later portions of the study. The earlier method of determining the assimilation limit by the oral administration of graded doses of sugar and the examination of the urine for the appearance of a melituria was standardized by Hofmeister<sup>2</sup>in a series of experiments with dogs. He demonstrated that (<i>a</i>) the ingestion of an excess of a given sugar above the assimilation capacity of the individual will produce a transitory appearance of sugar in the urine; (<i>b</i>) the amount producing this melituria is a constant for the individual with
Infectious Complications in Four Long-term Recipients of the Jarvik-7 Artificial Heart
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This article describes the infectious complications that occurred among four of the longest-term recipients of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart. Infection arising from the drive lines, with spread to the mediastinal periprosthetic space, was the major limiting factor in long-term use of the device in these patients. Periprosthetic infections were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other Pseudomonas species. Other infectious complications incurred by some of the patients included pneumonia, empyema, urinary tract infection, and intravascular line sepsis with Candida. Intensive antimicrobial therapy for prolonged periods seemed to suppress but not to eradicate infection and was accompanied by the appearance of multiresistant bacterial strains. Complications of antimicrobial therapy included diarrhea secondary to overgrowth with Clostridium difficile in two patients. Use of the current device for more than 30 days should be considered extraordinary and should be reserved for patients for whom no other form of life support is available.
Einige Überlegungen zur Psychodynamik der Ulkuskranken anhand des Giessen-Tests
Authors: G. Overbeck
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

Using the Giessen-Test in a series of investigations among ulcer patients our findings are compared with the psychodynamic personality characteristics of ulcer patients as reported in the literature. We were able to confirm identity of the contents. Special attention, however, is directed toward a few surprising results which appear incompatible with the prevailing concept that ulcer is of 'neurosis-psychological' orientation. On the basis of other observations in the literature, we interpret these findings as related to limited achievement capacity of the psychic defense organization of ulcer patients. Whether this Ego-psychological aspect is of general importance for patients with psychosomatic disturbances and whether it represents, perhaps, one of the ways of access to the specifically 'psychosomatic phenomenon' of these diseases, are the final points under discussion.
Evidence of impaired left ventricular performance after an uninterrupted competitive 24 hour run.
Authors: K O Niemelä, I J Palatsi, M J Ikäheimo, J T Takkunen, J J Vuori
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The effect of extremely exhaustive exercise on left ventricular performance was studied echocardiographically in 13 experienced male ultramarathon runners who took part in a competitive 24 hr run, completing distances of 114 to 227 km. Although the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (EDD) was reduced by 7% (54 +/- 5 to 50 +/- 7 mm; p less than .005), the end-systolic dimension (ESD) increased slightly (33 +/- 5 to 34 +/- 6 mm; NS). As a consequence, the stroke dimension (21 +/- 2 to 16 +/- 2 mm; p less than .005) and fractional shortening (38 +/- 5% to 32 +/- 5%; p less than .005) declined by 24% and 16%, respectively. The reduction in fractional shortening was related to delta ESD (r = -.66; p less than .05) but not to delta EDD (r = .22; NS). In spite of reduced afterload, the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening also decreased by an average of 9% (p less than .01) in proportion to the distance completed (r = -.69; p less than .01). The systolic blood pressure/ESD ratio was 21% lower after the race (4.2 +/- 0.9 to 3.3 +/- 0.6; p less than .005). Body weight loss was not related to any alterations in left ventricular dimensions or ejection phase indexes. The stroke dimension and ejection phase indexes continued to decline within the last 6 hr of the race but returned to the prerace level 2 to 3 days after the race. Total serum creatine kinase peaked at 3917 to 64740 U/liter (mean 27427) and its MB percentage peaked at 2% to 6%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of an Aggressive Invasive Catheterization and Revascularization Strategy on Mortality in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock in the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-I) Trial
Authors: Peter B. Berger, David R. Holmes, Amanda L. Stebbins, Eric R. Bates, Robert M. Califf, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Although retrospective analyses have revealed an association between survival and coronary angiography and angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock, the degree to which bias in the selection of patients to undergo these procedures contributes to this observation remains unclear. Methods and Results We studied 2200 patients in the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-I) trial with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (systolic blood pressure &lt;90 mm Hg for ≥1 hour) who survived ≥1 hour after the onset of shock to determine the influence of an aggressive strategy of early angiography (within 24 hours of shock onset) and coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery, if appropriate, on survival. Revascularization was not protocol mandated but was selected by the attending physicians. Shock was present on admission in 11% and developed after admission in 89% of shock patients. The 30-day mortality was 38% in the 406 patients who underwent early angiography and were referred within 24 hours for angioplasty (n=175), bypass surgery (n=36), angioplasty and bypass surgery (n=22), or neither (late or no revascularization, n=173) compared with 62% in the 1794 patients who did not ( P =.0001). However, there were important differences in the baseline characteristics of the two groups, including younger age (63 versus 68 years, P =.0001), less prior infarction (19% versus 27%, P =.001), and a shorter time to thrombolytic therapy (2.9 versus 3.2 hours, P =.0001) in patients treated with an aggressive strategy. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics, an aggressive strategy was independently associated with reduced 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.43 [confidence interval, 0.34 to 0.54], P =.0001). Conclusions An aggressive strategy of early angiography (and revascularization when appropriate) is associated with a reduction in mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock who receive thrombolytic therapy.
Proteolytic degradation of exocrine and serum immunoglobulins
Authors: William R. Brown, Richard W. Newcomb, Kimishige Ishizaka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The susceptibility of exocrine and serum immunoglobulins and antibodies to proteolytic degradation was assessed. Colostral and duodenal fluid exocrine 11S IgA, monomeric serum IgA, and IgG were digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or duodenal fluid. Exocrine IgA was more resistant to digestion than were the serum immunoglobulins. Under conditions of the experiments, most of colostral IgA retained its 11S quaternary structure, including the secretory piece; the portion degraded was reduced almost entirely to peptides.
Consultant suspended for research fraud
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A consultant surgeon in England was found guilty of serious professional misconduct last week for publishing fraudulent research results.

Mr Anjan Kumar Banerjee, aged 41, of the Royal Halifax Infirmary, was suspended for a year by the General Medical Council for publishing an article in Gut in December 1990 that contained information which “was deliberately falsified.” 

“The outcome was that a wholly misleading article went into circulation,” said Mr Rodney Yates, chairman of the professional conduct committee.

In addition to publishing a fraudulent article in Gut—a charge which the surgeon had denied—Mr …
Polio Vaccination During Pregnancy-Reply
Authors: Richard A. Goodman, Walter A. Orenstein, Alan R. Hinman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  The recommendation that IPV is contraindicated in pregnancy on theoretical ground comes from the statement of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. 1 As Dr Bader points out, there are no convincing data for currently available vaccines that specifically support this policy; however, there are several reasons for continuing it. First, there is the general concern that pregnant women should not receive vaccines (with rare exceptions, eg, tetanus toxoid) unless absolutely necessary because of the theoretical potential that the fetus might be harmed. Second, there are data that suggest that vaccination of a pregnant woman with an earlier preparation of IPV may lead to adverse effects in the offspring. Heinonen et al, 2 in a study of 50,897 pregnancies, reported that the children of mothers who received IPV while pregnant had a significantly higher rate of malignancy (7.6/10,000) compared with unexposed children (3.1/10,000). Third, the risk of exposure to
Aspects of the Relationship between Sleep, Weight and Mood
Authors: Edward Stonehill, A.H. Crisp
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

The present study reports a relationship between altered nutritional state and sleep disturbance, usually in the second part of the night, in 375 consecutive new referrals to a psychiatric outpatient clinic. Weight loss was associated with reduced duration of sleep, more broken sleep, and earlier waking on the one hand, and weight gain with longer duration of sleep, no broken sleep and later waking on the other hand. The link transcended diagnostic categories and mood states, but states of anxiety and depression were also often associated with insomnia at the beginning of the night.
RESTRICTIVE PHYSIOLOGY IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Shiraz Maskatia, Jamie A. Decker, Joseph A. Spinner, Jeffrey J. Kim, Jack F. Price, John L. Jefferies, William J. Dreyer, E O'Brian Smith, Joseph W. Rossano, Susan W. Denfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Textbook of Anaesthesia
Authors: Stanley I. Samuels
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The past decade has seen a veritable deluge of anesthesia textbooks. At a recent meeting of the American Association of Anesthesiologists, one publisher alone had over 30 textbooks devoted to anesthesia-related topics. These books ranged from general anesthesia to subspecialty texts, such as pediatric anesthesia, neurosurgical anesthesia, etc. It is a brave editor and publisher who would send yet another anesthesia book onto the seemingly overloaded marketplace. With these somewhat negative thoughts in mind, I sat down to read the<i>Textbook of Anaesthesia</i>, published recently by Churchill Livingstone Inc. This work comes in large part from the Department of Anaesthesia, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, England, and has been edited by G. Smith and A. R. Aitkenhead. In their preface, the authors state that they intend their book to "bridge the gap between those volumes which are appropriate for the undergraduate and those intended for use by anesthesiologists in the latter
Changes in pulmonary clearance of technetium labelled DTPA during haemodialysis.
Authors: N G Belcher, P J Rees
Journal: Thorax (1986)

An index of pulmonary epithelial permeability has been studied in 12 patients with chronic renal failure during haemodialysis. It was assessed by the half time clearance from lung to blood (t 1/2 LB) of a nebulised solution containing technetium labelled diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (99mTc DTPA). Six patients were cigarette smokers and six were non-smokers. The non-smokers had greater predialysis permeability (mean 37.7, range 24-54 min) than non-smokers without renal disease (mean 60.2, range 38-99 min; p less than 0.025). The t 1/2 LB was measured before dialysis and during the first half hour and the last half hour of dialysis in all 12 patients and also during other periods of dialysis in 10 of them. Dialysis lasted for five hours in 11 patients and four hours in one patient. There was no significant change in the t 1/2 LB of 99mTc DTPA during early dialysis; but as dialysis progressed there was a statistically significant increase in t 1/2 LB, suggesting a reduction of pulmonary epithelial permeability. These results show no increase in an index of pulmonary epithelial permeability in association with the pulmonary sequestration of neutrophils that occurs in early haemodialysis. They also suggest that in chronic renal failure the epithelial permeability is increased and that this can be modified by haemodialysis.