tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pancreatitis in Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: J. W. Sweetenham
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1988Pancreatitis in Germ Cell TumorsJ. W. Sweetenham, BSc, GM. Mead, DMJ. W. Sweetenham, BScSearch for more papers by this author, GM. Mead, DMSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-3-252_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Socinski and Garnick ( 1 ) recently reported two cases of acute pancreatitis in patients who had received combination chemotherapy for germ cell tumors. They state that pancreatitis has been recorded secondary to malignant infiltration from small cell lung cancer, but do not mention this complication in relation to germ cell tumors. Instead, they ascribe the pancreatitis to the chemotherapy.We have recently reported a series of six patients with gastrointestinal metastases from germ cell tumors of the testis (2). One patient developed pancreatitis before chemotherapy. This 23-year-old man had severe abdominal pain, upper lumbar pain, and...References1. SocinskiGarnick MM. Acute pancreatitis associated with chemotherapy for germ cell tumors in two patients. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:567-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SweetenhamWhitehouseWilliams JJC. Involvement of the gastro-intestinal tract by metastases from germ cell tumors of the testis. Cancer. 1988;[In press]. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ChaitKurtzHajdu MRS. Gastro-intestinal tract metastases in patients with germ cell tumors of the testis. Dig Dis Sci. 1978;23:925-8. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. JohnsonAppeltSamuels DGM. Metastases from testicular carcinoma. Study of 78 autopsied cases. Urology. 1976;8:234-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Southampton General Hospital Southampton S09 4XY England PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1988Volume 109, Issue 3Page: 252-253KeywordsAbdominal painAcute pancreatitisChemotherapyCombination chemotherapyGerm cellsPancreatitisSmall cell lung cancer Issue Published: 1 August 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Editor and the Contributor.
Authors: Albert S. Ashmead
Journal: JAMA (1897)

New York, Nov. 27, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At the top of an editorial page, one occasionally meets with such a declaration as: "Original communications are received only when exclusively contributed to this journal." Yet the editor himself, who rejects what is not exclusively given to him, will contribute a paper to a European Medical Congress, to be published in the transactions of that Congress, and will, ten days before the Congress meets, forestall its publication in Berlin by publication in his own paper. Another editor of a medical publisher's paper, rather than take sides against an authoritative body, which might hurt the publisher's interests, will smother the<i>right</i>side of a controversy by refusing to publish a paper, on a plea that there are in it no facts not generally known. This editor adds that these same facts are not accepted with unanimity. Does he mean that he will
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGIC RELATIONSHIP OF ENDOTOXIN AND OTHER TOXIC PROTEINS
Authors: Richard M. Condie, Edward V. Staab, Robert A. Good
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

1. Agkistrodon piscivorus venom and E. coli endotoxin were shown to be immunologically distinct, and to differ in certain biologic properties: effects on immune response, body temperature, and circulating leukocyte count, and capacity to prepare for and provoke the local and generalized Shwartzman reaction. 2. Neither a single prior injection of venom nor the existence of hyperimmunity to lethal doses of venom protected rabbits against the local and generalized Shwartzman reaction. 3. Serial intravenous injections of sublethal doses of venom produced enhanced susceptibility to venom rather than refractoriness. 4. Preparation for both the local and generalized Shwartzman reaction with endotoxin appeared to enhance susceptibility of rabbits to challenge with venom. 5. Tolerance to bacterial pyrogens established by repeated injections of endotoxin is paralleled by increased resistance to snake venom given at least 1 week later, in mice and rabbits. 6. Zymosan failed to enhance susceptibility of rabbits to venom, but thorotrast increased the number of late deaths from venom. 7. Exposure of venom to ferrous sulfate interferes with its toxicity.
Medicine in the Tropics
Authors: William M. Spira
Journal: JAMA (1986)

There are some excellent chapters in this multiauthored book, but among them so many that are unexceptional or deficient in one way or another that the whole is less than the sum of its parts.<i>Medicine in the Tropics</i>is intended to be "an authoritative guide to the current management, particularly clinical management, of diseases contracted in the tropics and subtropics [that] has been fully updated and thoroughly revised for this [second] edition." It is not... and has not. Individually, there are a number of good chapters, and three real standouts: South African trypanosomiasis (Marsden),<i>Salmonella</i>infections (Rowland), and leprosy (Waters). These are well-documented and clearly written critical pieces on the topics under discussion. With the exception of these high spots, however, the major impression left by reading this book is one of indifferent editing. Consistency in format and style has not been enforced, nor has the allocation of page
Relative value of clinical variables, bicycle ergometry, rest radionuclide ventriculography and 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring at discharge to predict 1 year survival after myocardial infarction
Authors: Paolo Fioretti, Ronald W. Brower, Maarten L. Simoons, Harald ten Katen, Anita Beelen, Taco Baardman, Jacobus Lubsen, Paul G. Hugenholtz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Alternate-Day Steroid Therapy for Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Marla Wohlman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Corticosteroids are part of the basic immunosuppressive regimen despite the number of metabolic and infectious complications associated with their prolonged use. It has long been considered that administration of twice the normal daily dose of prednisone on alternate days could minimize harmful side effects without precipitating rejection episodes in renal transplant patients.<sup>1,2</sup>Hypoadrenalism<sup>1</sup>and increased rejection rates<sup>3</sup>preclude alternate-day (AD) therapy in some patients. However, it is frequently used in treating children<sup>4</sup>because of its decreased effect on growth suppression. Recent publications indicate decreased side effects in patients on AD prednisone administration. Results are particularly favorable in patients who were previously treated with relatively high daily doses.<sup>5</sup>In addition, results do not seem to differ between patient populations receiving living-related or cadaver kidneys. In most reports, assessment of renal function is based on the comparison of averaged creatinine clearance (GFR) or serum creatinine
Screening Newborns for Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bridget Wilcken, Veronica Wiley, Judith Hammond, Kevin Carpenter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The recent development of electrospray tandem mass spectrometry makes it possible to screen newborns for many rare inborn errors of metabolism, but the efficacy and outcomes of screening remain unknown. We examined the effect of the screening of newborns by tandem mass spectrometry on the rates of diagnosis of 31 disorders.
Capsule Endoscopy in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Authors: E. Skogestad
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Figure 1 The small bowel has been the ”Dark Continent” for gastroenterologists. A 32-year-old man with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) presented with purpura, scrotal pain, arthralgia, nephritis, and abdominal pain. HSP is an IgA-mediated autoimmune vasculitis characterized by deposits of IgA in the vascular wall. Skin biopsies revealed a leukocytoclastic vasculitis (consistent with HSP). Capsule endoscopy showed extensive mucosal inflammation throughout the entire small bowel (duodenojejunoileitis), with redness, swelling, and ulcerations with fibrin deposits and sparse areas of spontaneous bleeding. It is not surprising that the patient with HSP has abdominal pain. Image a is a view from the mid-jejunum and images b - d are from the ileum. Images of the small-bowel mucosa in patients with HSP have not been reported previously.
miR-21 Inhibition Reduces Liver Fibrosis and Prevents Tumor Development by Inducing Apoptosis of CD24+ Progenitor Cells
Authors: Jing Zhang, Jingjing Jiao, Silvia Cermelli, Kyle Muir, Kwang Hwa Jung, Ruhai Zou, Asif Rashid, Mihai Gagea, Sonya Zabludoff, Raghu Kalluri, Laura Beretta
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

miR-21 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, where it is associated with poor prognosis. Here, we offer preclinical evidence that miR-21 offers a therapeutic and chemopreventive target in these liver cancers. In mice with hepatic deletion of Pten, anti-miR-21 treatment reduced liver tumor growth and prevented tumor development. These effects were accompanied with a decrease in liver fibrosis and a concomitant reduction of CD24(+) liver progenitor cells and S100A4(+) cancer-associated stromal cells. Notch2 inhibition also occurred in tumors following anti-miR-21 treatment. We further showed that miR-21 is necessary for the survival of CD24(+) progenitor cells, a cellular phenotype mediated by Notch2, osteopontin, and integrin αv. Our results identify miR-21 as a key regulator of tumor-initiating cell survival, malignant development, and growth in liver cancer, highlighting the role of CD24(+) cells in the expansion of S100A4(+) cancer-associated stromal cells and associated liver fibrosis.
John Adolf Riedel
Authors: Martin Fisher
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Walter Somerville assisted at the UK's first cardiac catheterisation, performed by Paul Wood in 1948.For 20 years he edited the British Heart Journal, now simply Heart.He was consultant cardiologist at Harefield Hospital and the Middlesex Hospital, and senior lecturer at the Middlesex for 25 years, and was crucial to the success of cardiac surgery at both centres.During the second world war he worked on chemical and biological weaponry, and remained on related committees for 20 years afterwards.Walter Somerville was born in Dublin.From the Jesuit Belvedere College he went to University College Dublin, doing his clinical studies at the Mater
Management of acute gastrointestinal blood loss: summary of SIGN guidelines
Authors: K Palmer, M Nairn
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Acute gastrointestinal bleeding is a common major medical emergency, accounting for about 7600 admissions to hospitals each year in Scotland. Overall mortality of patients admitted to hospital because of acute gastrointestinal bleeding is 7%, rising to 26% in patients who bleed during admissions to hospital for other reasons.1 This article summarises the most recent guidance from the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) on the management of acute upper and lower gastrointestinal blood loss that is sufficiently severe to lead to emergency admission to hospital (see the full SIGN guidance, guideline 105, at www.sign.ac.uk).

SIGN recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence, and the strength of the evidence is indicated as A, B, C, or D (fig 1)⇓. Recommended best practice (“good practice points”) based on the clinical experience of the guideline development group is also indicated (as GPP).



Fig 1 Explanation of SIGN grades of recommendations



### Assessment and triage

### Models of care

Admit acutely bleeding patients to a dedicated gastrointestinal bleeding unit in which there is appropriate monitoring …
Learning Theories Implicit in Medical School Lectures
Authors: Richard I. Cook
Journal: JAMA (1989)

FACULTY lectures are the primary method for teaching first- and second-year medical students. Lecture styles have an enduring quality of sameness that suggests that the lecturers possess unvarying theories about the value of lectures and the way medical students learn. Medical school faculty rarely have formal training as educators, and four out of five have never had a college-level course in teaching.<sup>1</sup>Their lecture styles must be derived from personal experience as students and later as faculty; their approaches to lectures may not have anything in common with those of educational theorists.<sup>2,3</sup> Observation suggests that faculty subscribe to different theories of medical student learning. The theories include<i>passive diffusion, receptor, queuing</i>, and<i>vigilance</i>. A few lecturers use a style inconsistent with any underlying theory, apparently believing that learning does not occur during lectures. The underlying learning theories (or lack of theory) implicit in each style are discussed herein.
Genetics of Cd36 and the clustering of multiple cardiovascular risk factors in spontaneous hypertension
Authors: Michal Pravenec, Vaclav Zidek, Miroslava Simakova, Vladimir Kren, Drahomira Krenova, Karel Horky, Marie Jachymova, Blanka Mikova, Ludmila Kazdova, Timothy J. Aitman, Paul C. Churchill, R. Clinton Webb, Nilesh H. Hingarh, Ying Yang, Jia-Ming Wang, Elizabeth M. St. Lezin, Theodore W. Kurtz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism have been reported to cluster in patients with essential hypertension and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). A deletion in the Cd36 gene on chromosome 4 has recently been implicated in defective carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in isolated adipocytes from SHRs. However, the role of Cd36 and chromosome 4 in the control of blood pressure and systemic cardiovascular risk factors in SHRs is unknown. In the SHR.BN-Il6/Npy congenic strain, we have found that transfer of a segment of chromosome 4 (including Cd36) from the Brown Norway (BN) rat onto the SHR background induces reductions in blood pressure and ameliorates dietary-induced glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. These results demonstrate that a single chromosome region can influence a broad spectrum of cardiovascular risk factors involved in the hypertension metabolic syndrome. However, analysis of Cd36 genotypes in the SHR and stroke-prone SHR strains indicates that the deletion variant of Cd36 was not critical to the initial selection for hypertension in the SHR model. Thus, the ability of chromosome 4 to influence multiple cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, may depend on linkage of Cd36 to other genes trapped within the differential segment of the SHR.BN-Il6/Npy strain.
Critical but divergent roles for CD62L and CD44 in directing blood monocyte trafficking in vivo during inflammation
Authors: Heping Xu, Ayyakkannu Manivannan, Isabel Crane, Rosemary Dawson, Janet Liversidge
Journal: Blood (2008)

Using noninvasive in vivo imaging and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis as a model, we show for the first time that the mechanisms controlling blood monocyte recirculation through peripheral and lymphoid tissues alter during inflammation. The recirculation of monocytes in mice with ocular inflammation but not controls was found to depend on the selectin CD62-ligand (CD62L) and on CD44. Not only was rolling efficiency ablated or markedly reduced in antibody-treated mice, but most of the labeled monocytes also disappeared from the circulation within seconds, anti-CD44-treated monocytes homing to the lymph nodes and anti-CD62L-treated monocytes homing to the spleen. Our data indicate that, although PSGL-1 has a partial role in the transmigration of monocytes into the inflamed retina, CD62L has a key role in regulating recruitment of monocytes to lymphoid tissue from the blood during inflammation and that CD44 is required to maintain CD62L(+) inflammatory monocytes within the circulation during inflammation. This effect was systemic, because sequestered monocytes accumulated in mesenteric as well as draining cervical lymph nodes, and inflammation dependent, because depletion of circulating blood monocytes was much reduced or absent in normal mice and accumulations of adoptively transferred monocytes in the lymphoid tissues did not occur.
Psychosurgery: waiting to make a comeback?
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Who undergoes psychosurgery and why? Is much of it being done these days? How do psychosurgeons describe the state of their art and its social ramifications? Psychosurgery in the United States is now performed only on persons residing outside of prisons and mental institutions who are able to give some semblance of informed consent. Some psychosurgeons find this regrettable, believing that certain institutionalized persons are thereby denied treatment that would be highly beneficial. The few available statistics suggest that the psychosurgical operations that<i>are</i>being done are not performed on disproportionate numbers of poor and minority-group Americans, as critics have charged. Female patients, however, do seem to predominate in some studies in which gender of patients is specified. This may be attributable in part to their greater representation among groups for whom psychosurgery is recommended, including those with depression and chronic pain. Outside the United States, women may undergo more
Susceptibility to infections and immune status in Inuit infants exposed to organochlorines.
Authors: E Dewailly, P Ayotte, S Bruneau, S Gingras, M Belles-Isles, R Roy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We investigated whether organochlorine exposure is associated with the incidence of infectious diseases in Inuit infants from Nunavik (Arctic Quebec, Canada). We compiled the number of infectious disease episodes during the first year of life for 98 breast-fed and 73 bottle-fed infants. Concentrations of organochlorines were measured in early breast milk samples and used as surrogates to prenatal exposure levels. Immune system parameters were determined in venous blood samples collected from infants at 3, 7, and 12 months of age. Otitis media was the most frequent disease, with 80. 0% of breast-fed and 81.3% of bottle-fed infants experiencing at least one episode during the first year of life. During the second follow-up period, the risk of otitis media increased with prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE, hexachlorobenzene, and dieldrin. The relative risk (RR) for 4- to 7-month-old infants in the highest tertile of p, p'-DDE exposure as compared to infants in the lowest tertile was 1. 87 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-3.26]. The RR of otitis media over the entire first year of life also increased with prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE (RR, 1.52; CI, 1.05-2.22) and hexachlorobenzene (RR, 1.49; CI, 1.10-2.03). Furthermore, the RR of recurrent otitis media ( [Greater/equal to] 3 episodes) increased with prenatal exposure to these compounds. No clinically relevant differences were noted between breast-fed and bottle-fed infants with regard to immunologic parameters, and prenatal organochlorine exposure was not associated with immunologic parameters. We conclude that prenatal organochlorine exposure could be a risk factor for acute otitis media in Inuit infants.
Clinical outcome of elderly patients with Epstein–Barr virus positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with a combination of rituximab and CHOP chemotherapy
Authors: Jae‐Sook Ahn, Deok‐Hwan Yang, Yoo Duk Choi, Sung‐Hoon Jung, Ho‐Young Yhim, Jae‐Yong Kwak, Ho Sung Park, Myung‐Geun Shin, Yeo‐Kyeoung Kim, Hyeoung‐Joon Kim, Je‐Jung Lee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Several studies have suggested the possibility of a prognostic relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The clinical outcome of EBV-associated DLBCL is not clear, especially since the introduction of rituximab. We retrospectively analyzed 222 elderly patients (≥50 years) with DLBCL who received R-CHOP chemotherapy and evaluated the state of EBV-encoded RNA-1 (EBER). Eighteen cases (8.1%) were EBER-positive (+). After a median of six cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy, the response rate (≥partial response) was 72.2% (13/18) in the EBV (+) patients and 90.2% (184/204) in the EBV (-) DLBCL patients (P = 0.021). Four of 18 (22.2%) EBV (+) DLBCL patients received two or fewer cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy. R-CHOP chemotherapy was also interrupted early more frequently compared with the EBV (-) group (2.5%) (P = 0.00). At a median follow-up of 32.8 months, there was no significant difference in the overall survival between the groups (P = 0.627). The EBV (+) DLBCL patients with early interruption of R-CHOP chemotherapy showed a trend toward a high EBV-DNA titer (≥1,000 copies/mL) (P = 0.091). The results suggest that the EBV (+) tumoral status of elderly DLBCL patients who undergo R-CHOP chemotherapy does not predict their survival but that their EBV status may contribute to the early interruption of R-CHOP chemotherapy.
ON THE POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF ISOTOPES TO THE MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Authors: S T CANTRIL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

Article1 December 1950ON THE POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF ISOTOPES TO THE MANAGEMENT OF CANCERSIMEON T. CANTRIL, M.D.SIMEON T. CANTRIL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-33-6-1450 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe application of isotopes to the cancer problem can be directed either toward the broad field of investigations concerning the etiologies of neoplastic disease, or toward therapeutic application without fundamental relationship to the causes underlying uncontrolled cellular growth. In this sense it is comparable to the more conventional roentgen-ray or radium therapy now used. It is assumed that any etiologic factors which contributed to the growth prior to therapy are no longer active if the disease can be arrested. It is most unusual for a new growth, unrelated to the first, to develop in the same organ (with the outstanding... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Seattle, Washington*Received for publication January 6, 1949.From the Tumor Institute of the Swedish Hospital, Seattle, Washington. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byXCIX Radiation Therapy Viewed by the Otolaryngologist 1 December 1950Volume 33, Issue 6Page: 1450-1458KeywordsEtiology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1950 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Long-acting Thyroid Stimulator (LATS) and LATS Protector on Human Thyroid Adenyl Cyclase Activity
Authors: P. K. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) has been thought to be responsible for the hyperthyroidism of Graves9s disease. It is detected by its effect on the mouse thyroid gland but cannot be found in all patients with hyperthyroidism. In an attempt to clarify the problem of LATS-negative hyperthyroidism, serum was obtained from untreated patients and its effect in vitro on human thyroid tissue examined, using the activation of adenyl cyclase as a measure of stimulation. Human thyroid adenyl cyclase was activated by both thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and LATS. Thyroid tissue obtained from patients with Graves9s disease was relatively less responsive to LATS than was non-toxic thyroid tissue. Of the 24 samples studied five contained LATS and all of these activated adenyl cyclase. The presence of LATS protector in LATS-negative hyperthyroid patients was confirmed but LATS-negative sera had no effect on human thyroid adenyl cyclase activity.