tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case of Epiglottitis, or Acute Inflammation and Enlargement of the Epiglottis: With Remarks
Authors: J. Windsor
Journal: BMJ (1864)

<b>Introduction:</b> As per the British Thoracic Society (BTS) Guidelines for Emergency Oxygen Use<sup>1</sup> implementation of oxygen prescribing polices require regular training programmes for all clinical staff in the safe use of oxygen. We wanted to implement a mandatory training package within the trust aimed at improving oxygen prescribing. To ensure the content was highly effective prior to implementation we compared the impact of on-line vs face-to-face training on oxygen prescription rates. <b>Methods:</b> Prescribing data was collected on all patients receiving oxygen therapy: 1) Before training 2) After on-line training 3) After face–to-face training <b>Results:</b> Both methods significantly improved oxygen prescribing rates (p=0.000). Face-to-face training increased oxygen prescribing more than online training by 12%. <b>Conclusion:</b> Training face-to-face is the most effective method at increasing oxygen prescribing. Resources mean that face-to-face training is limited in comparison to on-line training which is freely accessible to all. We concluded that the most effective way to improve oxygen prescribing within the trust was to combine both forms of training within our educational package. 1. British Thoracic Society (2008), Guideline for Emergency Oxygen Use in Adult Patients, <i>Thorax</i>; vol. 63; supplement VI.
Detection of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor after Endotoxin Administration
Authors: H R Michie, K R Manogue, D R Spriggs, A Revhaug, S O'Dwyer, C A Dinarello, A Cerami, S M Wolff, D W Wilmore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Cytokines, products of stimulated macrophages, are thought to mediate many host responses to bacterial infection, but increased circulating cytokine concentrations have not been detected consistently in infected patients. We measured plasma concentrations of circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (cachectin), interleukin-1 beta, and gamma interferon, together with physiologic and hormonal responses, in 13 healthy men after intravenous administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin (4 ng per kilogram of body weight) and during a control period of saline administration. Eight additional subjects received ibuprofen before receiving endotoxin or saline. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor were generally less than 35 pg per milliliter throughout the control period, but increased 90 to 180 minutes after endotoxin administration to mean peak concentrations of 240 +/- 70 pg per milliliter, as compared with 35 +/- 5 pg per milliliter after saline administration. Host responses were temporally associated with the increase in circulating tumor necrosis factor at 90 minutes, and the extent of symptoms, changes in white-cell count, and production of ACTH were temporally related to the peak concentration of tumor necrosis factor. Ibuprofen pretreatment did not prevent the rise in circulating tumor necrosis factor (mean peak plasma level, 170 +/- 70 pg per milliliter) but greatly attenuated the symptoms and other responses after endotoxin administration. Concentrations of circulating interleukin-1 beta and gamma interferon did not change after endotoxin administration. We conclude that the response to endotoxin is associated with a brief pulse of circulating tumor necrosis factor and that the resultant responses are effected through the cyclooxygenase pathway.
The Impact of Phenotypic and Genotypic G6PD Deficiency on Risk of Plasmodium vivax Infection: A Case-Control Study amongst Afghan Refugees in Pakistan
Authors: Toby Leslie, Marnie Briceño, Ismail Mayan, Nasir Mohammed, Eveline Klinkenberg, Carol Hopkins Sibley, Christopher J. M. Whitty, Mark Rowland
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Analyses of a case-control study among Afghan refugees in Pakistan find that a G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) "Mediterranean" type deficiency confers substantial protection against Plasmodium vivax malaria.
Screening for cervical carcinoma.
Authors: R A Lawrence
Journal: BMJ (1973)

FEBRuARY 1973 scribed in the subchondral osseous plate and trabecular bone' were present in all 17 patellae.Although the treatment is problematical, promising results have been obtained with graduated quadriceps exercises and intra- muscular nandrolone propionate.-Weare, etc.,
Legal Medicine in History
Authors: M Clark, C Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Michael Clark, Catherine Crawford Cambridge University Press, £40, pp 364 ISBN 0-521-39514-3

Legal Medicine in History is a series of essays on a wide range of forensic history, culled from a meeting at Lancaster University in 1987. The dozen or more subjects range from the corruption in the American coroner system at the turn of the century to anarchism in fin de siecle France.

A reviewer can only pick out a few samples to display, usually those which interest him the most. These include an intriguing account of the political wrestling that went on in London between the world wars, when repeated attempts to found a National Institute of Forensic Medicine bit the dust while forensic science laboratories won the day. The Medico- Legal Society was most active in the campaign, with figures such as Sir Bernard Spilsbury and Lord Atkin pressing for a …
As Robert H. Ebert Leaves Harvard Medical School
Authors: Franz J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Contrary to what some seem to believe, the Journal is neither Harvard-owned nor Harvard-dominated. Nevertheless, it is Harvard-surrounded, for the Journal's editorial office occupies as a paying tenant much of the top floor of Harvard's Countway Library building. From his desk, indeed, the Journal editor can look down directly — in a strictly physical sense, of course — on the office of Harvard Medical School's dean. Often have I visited that place to consult the dean's extensive collection of airplane schedules, but only occasionally have I had the chance to talk with this close but multiply occupied neighbor. The other . . .
Review: Aspirin reduces vascular events but increases bleeding in primary and secondary prevention
Authors: Debabrata Mukherjee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Baigent C, Blackwell L, Collins R, et al. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2009;373:1849-60. 19482214
One-Stage Gastrostomy Button: an Assessment
Authors: M. T. Marion, T. N. Zweng, W. E. Strodel
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Several types of gastrostomy tube are available. The gastrostomy button (GB) is a skin-level device that is easily used and acceptable to ambulatory patients. Previously, GB required the presence of a mature gastrocutaneous tract, necessitating a two-stage procedure for placement. We report our experience with one-stage GB placed in 24 patients. No difficulties with placement and no periprocedural complications occurred. GBs remained in place from 14 to 148 days (mean 71 days). Thirteen GBs were in place at follow-up. Four patients died from primary disease. Seven GBs were no longer needed, and were removed. No stomal infections occurred; no GBs were inadvertently removed; all GBs were convenient to use. Four complications occurred (17%): two tubes clogged, one colocutaneous fistula developed, and one tube migrated from the stomach into the abdominal wall. Complications were corrected without sequelae. One-stage GB is safe and feasible with comparable complication rates to standard PEG.
The Clinical Interview Using DSM-IV, vol 2: The Difficult Patient
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In this volume the authors make an extremely valuable contribution to the psychiatric literature by thoroughly discussing and illustrating how to interview four types of difficult patients: patients who use symptoms to communicate their distress, patients who have psychotic communications, patients with cognitive impairments, and patients who engage in self-protective and deceptive behavior. The text begins by suggesting that, rather than being wed to only one school of thought that professes to having all the answers about the nature of psychiatric disorders and how to interview patients, it makes more sense to realize that different approaches may work well with different groups of disorders. Accordingly, the Othmers suggest that patients who manifest their problems through "pseudoneurological, unexplained, somatic or psychological symptoms" should be interviewed differently than patients who are in their own world and are shutting out reality. Further, these two types of patients should be interviewed differently from the
Effect of repeated colloidal bismuth subcitrate treatment on the response of the rat gastric mucosa to the presence of luminal ethanol.
Authors: S M Hinsull, D Bellamy
Journal: Gut (1990)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of repeated colloidal bismuth subcitrate administration on the cellular populations of the fundic region of the rat stomach and to investigate the effect of such treatment, after initial ethanol damage, on the gastric response to a second challenge by ethanol. The administration of 240 mg of colloidal bismuth subcitrate per kilogram body weight, at 12 hour intervals, for 14 days, resulted in an increase in the density of the mucosal epithelial cells, but a decreased rate of epithelial cell division in the neck region. Comparison with placebo treated animals showed that the repeated administration of colloidal bismuth subcitrate after an initial ethanol challenge, decreased the degree of damage induced by a second ethanol challenge, enhanced the rate of tissue repair and prevented the establishment of persistent erosions.
Cimetidine-Theophylline Interaction
Authors: ROBERT J. CLUXTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1982Cimetidine-Theophylline InteractionROBERT J. CLUXTON JR, PHARM.D., JOSÉ O. RIVERA, PHARM.D., WOLFGANG A. RITSCHEL, PH.D., AMADEO J. PESCE, PH.D., IRWIN B. HANENSON, M.D.ROBERT J. CLUXTON JR, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSÉ O. RIVERA, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this author, WOLFGANG A. RITSCHEL, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, AMADEO J. PESCE, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, IRWIN B. HANENSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-5-684_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Recent reports have shown that cimetidine decreases theophylline clearance (1-3), and it is suggested that the decrease is caused by an inhibition of hepatic metabolism by cimetidine or its metabolites (2, 4). We report two cases that provide additional information on the reversibility and potential mechanism of this drug interaction.Patient 1:A 50-year-old black woman with a severe asthma attack was admitted to the medicine service on 1 July 1981. She had been discharged from the hospital on 25 June after treatment for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, for which cimetidine, 300 mg orally four times a day,...References1. CAMPBELL M, PLACHETKA J, JACKSON J, MOON J, and FINLEY P. Cimetidine decreases theophylline clearance. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:68-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. JACKSON J, POWELL J, and WANDELL J. Cimetidine decreases theophylline clearance. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1981;123:615-7. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. REITBERG D, BERNHARD H, and SCHENTAG J. Alteration of theophylline clearance and half-life by cimetidine. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:582-5. LinkGoogle Scholar4. PUURUNEN J and PELKONEN O. Cimetidine inhibits microsmal drug metabolism in the rat: Eur J. Pharmacol. 1979;55:335-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ZOGLIO M and MAULDING H. Complexes of ergot alkaloids and derivatives. Interaction of dihydroergotoxine with certain xanthines. J Pharm Sci. 1970;59:215-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT J. CLUXTONJR, PHARM.D.; JOSÉ O. RIVERA, PHARM.D.; WOLFGANG A. RITSCHEL, PH.D.; AMADEO J. PESCE, PH.D.; IRWIN B. HANENSON, M.D.Affiliations: University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45267 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrug Interactions with Agents Used to Treat Gastrointestinal DiseaseDrug Interactions with Agents Used in Respiratory DiseaseConcerning drug interactions with theophyllineDrug interactions with cimetidine: An updateCimetidine-drug interactions 1 May 1982Volume 96, Issue 5Page: 684-684KeywordsAsthmaDrug interactionsHemorrhageMetabolites ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
BLOOD VOLUME AND PLASMA ELECTROLYTE CHANGES IN THE DEHYDRATION OF INFANTS
Authors: Rustin McIntosh, Laslo Kajdi, Dorothy Meeker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1930)

In a general review of the subject of anhydremia published in 1923, Marriott (1) brought out several of the phenomena which had been shown to accompany severe clinical dehydration: an increase in the proportion of the total solids and in the dried weight of a unit volume of blood, an increase in its specific gravity, in red cell count and hemoglobin, and in the concentration of the serum proteins. He showed also, however, that when deprivation of fluid, either from lack of intake, from vomiting, or from diarrhea, persisted over a long period of time, a lowering of total solids, red count, and hemoglobin ensued, which was attributed to breakdown of body protein with the liberation of bound water. All of these phenomena might occur at a time when the plasma volume was subnormal, and consequently an investigation of the concentration of these substances in a unit volume of blood was shown to be of limited value in the study of the water economy as a whole in dehydration. Although these considerations emphasized the fatuity of placing reliance on the indirect evidence afforded by changes in the concentration of blood constituents and the necessity for direct investigation of blood and plasma volume changes in dehydration, such direct determinations have been singularly infrequent. Marriott mentioned some in a general way, but did not fully report his data. A number of studies made since 1923-for example, those of Hartmann (2) and of Hamilton, Kajdi and Meeker (3)-on the serum or plasma concentration of electrolytes in dehydration accompanying the infections and digestive disorders of infants have shown that a lowering of the total electrolyte concentration is, in fact, rather more com-
Location and Duration of Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Exacerbations Do Not Affect Outcomes
Authors: J. Michael Collaco, Deanna M. Green, Garry R. Cutting, Kathleen M. Naughton, Peter J. Mogayzel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are subject to recurrent respiratory infections (exacerbations) that often require intravenous antibiotic treatment and may result in permanent loss of lung function. The optimal means of delivering therapy remains unclear.Objectives: To determine whether duration or venue of intravenous antibiotic administration affect lung function.Methods: Data were retrospectively collected on 1,535 subjects recruited by the US CF Twin and Sibling Study from US CF care centers between 2000 and 2007.Measurements and Main Results: Long-term decline in FEV1 after exacerbation was observed regardless of whether antibiotics were administered in the hospital (mean, −3.3 percentage points [95% confidence interval, −3.9 to −2.6]; n = 602 courses of therapy) or at home (mean, −3.5 percentage points [95% confidence interval, −4.5 to −2.5]; n = 232 courses of therapy); this decline was not different by venue using t tests (P = 0.69) or regression (P = 0.91). No difference in intervals between courses of antibiotics was observed between hospital (median, 119 d [interquartile range, 166]; n = 602) and home (median, 98 d [interquartile range, 155]; n = 232) (P = 0.29). Patients with greater drops in FEV1 with exacerbations had worse long-term decline even if lung function initially recovered with treatment (P < 0.001). Examination of FEV1 measures obtained during treatment for exacerbations indicated that improvement in FEV1 plateaus after 7–10 days of therapy.Conclusions: Intravenous antibiotic therapy for CF respiratory exacerbations administered in the hospital and in the home was found to be equivalent in terms of long-term FEV1 change and interval between courses of antibiotics. Optimal duration of therapy (7–10 d) may be shorter than current practice. Large prospective studies are needed to answer these essential questions for CF respiratory management.
Diagnostic Procedures in Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Michael L. Steer, William Silen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

GASTROINTESTINAL hemorrhage is a common and serious problem, with average reported mortality rates of 10 to 20 per cent.1 Nowhere in medicine is cooperation between various disciplines more vital, requiring the involvement of the internist, surgeon, and radiologist from the outset. Whereas one might assume that early diagnosis would produce lower mortality rates, several controlled trials have shown no such advantage.2 , 3 These findings should not be misconstrued to suggest that early diagnosis is unimportant. Rather, they suggest that improvements in treatment have probably lagged behind diagnostic innovations.3 In this presentation, we evaluate current methods of establishing the site and diagnosing . . .
Use of oral sodium cromoglycate in persistent diarrhoea.
Authors: T D Bolin
Journal: Gut (1980)

Twenty patients with persistent diarrhoea participated in a randomised, double-blind trial of oral sodium cromoglycate and placebo. Eight patients noted significant improvement in their diarrhoea while taking sodium cromoglycate and this did not correlate with the presence of other atopic diseases, a history of food intolerance, or the presence of lactase deficiency. The results suggest that some patients with diarrhoea of unknown cause may have food allergy as a major contributing cause for their diarrhoea.
Induction of delayed hypersensitivity to nitrogen mustard in the guinea-pig
Authors: HENRY C. MAGUIRE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Induction of delayed hypersensitivity to nitrogen mustard in the guinea‐pig Get access HENRY C. MAGUIRE, JR HENRY C. MAGUIRE, JR The Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Center for Cancer and Medical Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 1, 1 July 1974, Pages 21–26, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06712.x Published: 01 July 1974 Article history Accepted: 09 October 1973 Published: 01 July 1974
Mechanisms of Hemolysis — The Minimal Red-Cell Defect
Authors: Richard A. Cooper, Sanford J. Shattil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE exact cause of hemolysis in many hemolytic disorders remains obscure or incompletely established; however, premature destruction of circulating red cells appears to occur under three general conditions: abnormalities of hemoglobin influencing the flow properties of the red cells (e.g., aggregation of sickle hemoglobin or precipitation of Heinz bodies); exposure of red cells to inordinate physical trauma in the circulation (e.g., microangiopathic hemolytic anemias); and abnormalities associated with the red-cell membrane (Table 1).Red cells may undergo lysis in the intravascular space, or they may be destroyed in the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Intravascular lysis is uncommon. It usually occurs with . . .
Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet's syndrome and malignancy
Authors: J.T. Lear, J.P.H. Byrne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet's syndrome and malignancy Get access J.T. Lear, J.T. Lear Department of Dermatology, North Staffs NHS Trust, Newcastle Road, Stoke on Trent, ST4 7PA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.P.H. Byrne J.P.H. Byrne Department of Dermatology, North Staffs NHS Trust, Newcastle Road, Stoke on Trent, ST4 7PA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 2, 1 February 1997, Pages 296–297, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb14928.x Published: 01 February 1997
Patient preferences and randomised clinical trials.
Authors: C. R. Brewin, C. Bradley
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The child should be examined but not without the knowledge and agreement of a parent (or the order of a court). Mothers of pr?adolescent children should always be invited to be present, except in the most exceptional circumstances. Adolescent patients should be asked whether they wish a parent to be present. It is usually counterproductive to examine a resistant child, and if his or her cooperation cannot be obtained the examination should be deferred unless there are urgent medical reasons to proceed. The child should be examined as soon as optimal arrangements can be made. Few children require urgent examination. Repetitive examination is usually abusive and should be avoided. The examination should be conducted in absolute privacy and in an environment where the child can be comfortable?not behind screens in open wards or in police stations. There should be adequate equipment for any necessary diagnostic tests. Recording and photographic facilities are an advantage but their value is outweighed if they cause distress to the child or mean that another examination has to be conducted. Who should examine?
Vital Lines: Contemporary Fiction About Medicine
Authors: Benjamin Hedrik Ticho
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Probably the first and most frequently read part of<i>JAMA</i>is the section "A Piece of My Mind." These dramatic tales "from the front line" demonstrate medicine's natural narrative material. Anyone who has performed a history and physical exam knows that each symptom and scar has its own unique storyline, intertwined with a thousand ribbons of existence and memory. While these digressions may slow an efficient patient encounter, they make for interesting reading entertainment. The conflicts—between health and disease, patients and their families and doctors—force confrontations with basic attitudes and values. The physician's entrance into the tale is often decisive and dramatic, though not always in the manner he or she intended. The majority of the 56 short stories in this collection were originally published during the past decade, making this a highly contemporary literary overview of medicine, primarily American, by renowned (Raymond Carver, Joyce Carol Oates) and lesser-known authors.
The Presence of Diffusing Factor among the Metabolites of Aerobic Micro-organisms
Authors: J. Ungar, A. L. Bacharach
Journal: BMJ (1942)

A summary of the reactions of 150 strains of staphylococci is given, illustrating the value of the coagulase test as a means of differentiating between pathogenic and saprophytic strains.My thanks are due to Prof. J. H.