tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Birth weight and childhood onset type 1 diabetes: population based cohort study
Authors: L. C Stene
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the associations between birth weight or gestational age and risk of type 1 diabetes. <b>Design:</b> Population based cohort study by record linkage of the medical birth registry and the National Childhood Diabetes Registry. <b>Setting:</b> Two national registries in Norway. <b>Participants:</b> All live births in Norway between 1974 and 1998 (1 382 602 individuals) contributed a maximum of 15 years of observation, a total of 8 184 994 person years of observation in the period 1989 to 1998. 1824 children with type 1 diabetes were diagnosed between 1989 and 1998. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Estimates of rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals for type 1 diabetes from Poisson regression analyses. <b>Results:</b> The incidence rate of type 1 diabetes increased almost linearly with birth weight. The rate ratio for children with birth weights 4500 g or more compared with those with birth weights less than 2000 g was 2.21 (95% confidence interval 1.24 to 3.94), test for trend P=0.0001. There was no significant association between gestational age and type 1 diabetes. The results persisted after adjustment for maternal diabetes and other potential confounders. <b>Conclusion:</b> There is a relatively weak but significant association between birth weight and increased risk of type 1 diabetes consistent over a wide range of birth weights. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Results of case-control studies of birth weight and risk of type 1 diabetes have been inconsistent It is possible that a relatively weak association exists, and large studies are needed to find out if this is the case <h3>What this study adds</h3> This is the largest study of birth weight and type 1 diabetes published to date, and the first one to use a cohort design The incidence of type 1 diabetes increased almost linearly with increasing birth weight over a wide range of birth weights, independent of gestational age, maternal diabetes, and other potential confounders The trend was highly significant, but the increment in risk with increasing birth weight was still relatively low
Human liver regeneration: Hepatic energy economy is less efficient when the organ is diseased
Authors: Darren V. Mann, Wynnie W. M. Lam, Magnus N. Hjelm, Nina M. C. So, David K. W. Yeung, Constantine Metreweli, Wan Y. Lau
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Recovery of liver cell mass following hepatectomy requires a metabolic compromise between differentiated function and organ regrowth. Clinical experience has shown that hepatic failure after resection is more common when the organ is diseased. We have evaluated intracellular hepatic biochemistry in patients with normal and cirrhotic livers undergoing partial hepatectomy, using 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31 P MRS). Eighteen patients were studied, half with normal liver architecture (normal group, n = 9) and half with cirrhotic parenchyma (cirrhosis group, n = 9). Magnetic resonance examinations were performed preoperatively and on postoperative days 2, 4, 6, 14, and 28. Hepatic volume (estimated by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and blood chemistries were measured at the same intervals. Following a comparable reduction in parenchymal volume, the cirrhotic group demonstrated a more sustained fall in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy state. Disturbance of membrane phospholipid metabolism and duration of acute-phase reaction were more marked when the liver was diseased. The pattern of derangement of hepatic function, however, was similar in the two groups. Overall, the recovery process was less efficient in the cirrhotic organ, and culminated in a diminished rate and extent of the regenerative response. These outcomes indicate that liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy involves modulation of hepatic energy economy in response to changing work demands. The efficiency of this process is influenced by the histopathologic state of the organ, and in turn governs the physiologic reserve. These findings may explain the mechanism of posthepatectomy liver failure, and offer a rational basis for the assessment of novel hepatic support strategies. (Hepatology 2001;34:557-565.)
INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS, AND CLINICAL IMPACTS OF STENT RECOIL WITH STENT FRACTURE AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Masanobu Ohya, Kazushige Kadota, Seiji Habara, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Allopurinol-induced toxic pustuloderma
Authors: R.C.H. YU, T.C. CHU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We report the case of a 67-year-old man who developed a pustular eruption, fever, neutrophilia and eosinophilia, following a short course of allopurinol. Toxic pustuloderma is an uncommon form of generalized pustular eruption with several characteristic clinical and pathological features. A number of drugs have been incriminated, but to our knowledge this is the first reported case of toxic pustuloderma occurring after the administration of allopurinol.
Prevalence, clinical characteristics, quality of life, and prognosis of patients with congestive heart failure and isolated diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Luigi P. Badano, Maria C. Albanese, Dario Gregori, Paola De Biaggio, Patrizia Rozbowsky, Daniela Miani, Claudio Fresco, Paolo M. Floretti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Decrease in Forces Responsible for Diastolic Suction During Acute Coronary Occlusion
Authors: Stephen P. Bell, Judit Fabian, Matthew W. Watkins, Martin M. LeWinter
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The production of left ventricular (LV) restoring forces generated during contraction, which are responsible for diastolic suction, is dependent on end-systolic volume (ESV) and systolic transmural and 3D deformation. We tested the hypothesis that acute coronary occlusion would result in loss of forces that cause suction. Methods and Results Ten open-chest dogs were subjected to a 10-minute acute coronary occlusion (proximal left anterior descending coronary artery). A servomotor connected to the left atrium (LA) was used to rapidly clamp LA pressure during systole below the level of the succeeding LV diastolic pressure, resulting in nonfilling diastoles during which the LV fully relaxed at its ESV. LA clamps at multiple ESVs (conductance catheter) allowed delineation of positive and negative portions of the fully relaxed LV pressure-volume relation (FRPVR). A negative fully relaxed pressure (FRP) indicates the presence of restoring forces. After 10 minutes of acute coronary occlusion, there was an upward shift of the FRPVR. Thus, for example, at matched ESVs before and during coronary occlusion, FRP was −1.1±1.1 (±SD) mm Hg before versus 0.2±1.2 mm Hg after 10 minutes of coronary occlusion ( P &lt;.05). Conclusions Acute coronary occlusion results in a rapid decrease in forces responsible for suction. This phenomenon is independent of the level of ESV and may contribute to ischemic diastolic dysfunction.
A9.14 An observational study of the prevalence and clinical impact of NSAIDS on anemia and hemoglobin drop on clinical settings
Authors: Augusto Faustino
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Define the prevalence and clinical impact of the finding of anemia and decreased hemoglobin in a population of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) from the RCL, treated with NSAIDs permanently. Additionally, evaluate differences of the effect of anti-inflammatory medication in Hb and haematocrit (Htc), comparing Coxibs with nsNSAIDs. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> Observational study of all the consulted patients of the RCL since its beginning in 2000, with clinical diagnose of OA, taking NSAIDs permanently for at least six months, and with at least two registries of hematologic parameters in clinical files (an initial value prior to beginning of NSAID and a final value, after a minimal six months exposure). <h3>Results</h3> 289 case studies; mainly females (90%), with a regular distribution between class ages. NSAID therapy – 52.2% of patients used a Coxib (mainly Celecoxib); the remaining patients took 11 different nsNSAID. Therapy was continuous in 83.3% of the patients. We note 69 Adverse Events (AE), mainly dyspepsia. Only 6 patients (2% of total, and 8.7% of patients with AE) stopped NSAIDs as a result of these AE (1 Coxib and 5 nsNSAIDs). Hemoglobin changes We report an Hb decrease in 133 cases (46% of total); only one patient reach the anemia level with a decrease in Hb superior to 2 gr/dl. 28 of this patients (9.7% of total) reach anemia levels on final evaluation, with a statistically significant difference between patients taking nsNSAID than Coxibs globally (p = 0.028) or Celecoxib (p = 0.015). 13 patients (4.5% of total), present anemia on final evaluation without anemia on initial evaluation. In this subset of patients there was statistically significant less patients presenting anemia on final evaluation (without anemia on initial evaluation) taking Coxibs, globally (p = 0.044) or Celecoxib (p = 0.021). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We conclude that the use of NSAIDs in this specific clinical context was very safe, with a low number of AE (none serious AE), but with a difference in survival on treatment between nsNSAIDs and Coxib patients. Results shows that it was possible to detect clinically relevant Hb drops in a real life clinic population, and that utilization of Coxibs, may assure a safer continuous use and reduce the risk of appearance of anemia or Hb drops with this chronic use.
Stress and the General Adaptation Syndrome
Authors: H. Selye
Journal: BMJ (1950)

With the concept of the general adaptation syndrome we have attempted to integrate a number of seemingly quite unrelated observations into a single unified biologic system.I would draw attention briefly to the work of Claude Bernard, who showed how important it is to maintain the constancy of the "milieu interieur" ; Cannon's concept of " homoeostasis "; Frank Hartmann's " general tissue hor- mone" theory of the corticoids; Dustin's observations on the " caryoclastic poisons," the " post-operative disease," the curative action of fever, foreign proteins, and of other " non-specific therapeutic agents "; the " nephrotoxic sera " of Masugi; and to the " Goldblatt clamp" for the production of experimental renal hypertension.At first sight it would seem that all these observations have little in common and that there is no reason to attempt their integration into a unified system of physio- logical and pathological events.Yet most of my research work has been devoted to the construction of bridges between these and many additional facts, since they were thought to be interconnected in nature.Through the com- prehension of their unity we hoped to learn how to use them better for the understanding of life and the treatment of disease.The keynote of this unification was the tenet that all living organisms can respond to stress as such, and thiat in this respect the basic reaction pattern is always the same, irrespective of the agent used to produce stress.We called this response the general adaptation syndrome, and its derailments the diseases of adaptation.Anything that causes stress endangers life, unless it is met by adequate adaptive responses; conversely, anything that endangers life causes stress and adaptive responses.Adaptability and resistance to stress are fundamental pre- requisites for life, and every vital organ and function par- ticipates in them.In order to present a well-proportioned outline of the general adaptation syndrome it was necessary, therefore, to peruse every branch of physiology, biochemis- try, pathological anatomy, and clinical medicine in search of the "stress factor" in all aspects of normal and abnormal life.It will take many years, indeed many generations, before the details of the general adaptation syndrome are satis- *The first part of the Heberden Oration, given on June 2, 1950.
Genomic amplicons target vesicle recycling in breast cancer
Authors: Gordon B. Mills, Igor Jurisica, Yosef Yarden, Jim C. Norma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Aberrant endocytosis, vesicle targeting, and receptor recycling represent emerging hallmarks of cancer. In this issue of the JCI, Zhang and colleagues demonstrate that RAB-coupling protein (RCP; also known as RAB11FIP1) is a "driver" of the 8p11-12 amplicon in human breast cancer and mouse xenograft models of mammary carcinogenesis (see the related article beginning on page 2171). Their finding that RAB GTPase function enables genomic amplification to confer aggressiveness to mammary tumors adds significantly to the body of evidence supporting pivotal roles for receptor trafficking in the proliferation and metastasis of cancer.
EU wants every member to develop a “roadmap” for ehealth
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Email is becoming a more common tool of clinical practice, enabling doctors to communicate with patients between office visits, improve diagnosis and compliance with medical treatments, and facilitate medical record keeping, says a report in the New England Journal of Medicine (2004;350:1705-7)."Judging from our early experience in a practice that offers secure electronic communication, e-mail gives doctors and patients more time to think," wrote
TCT-398 Anatomy of Femoral and Inferior Epigastric Arteries Relative to the Femoral Head by Angiography: Insights From The Femoral Arterial Access with Ultrasound Trial (FAUST)
Authors: Arnold Seto, Jeffrey Hassan, Alexander Harrison, William Suh, Jesus Vera, Soni Zacharias, Timothy Daly, Jeffrey Sparling, Pranav Patel, Morton Kern, Mazen Abu-Fadel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 2550: A genome-wide association study of breast cancer survival according to molecular subtype in Korean women.
Authors: Nan Song, Ji-Yeob Choi, Hyuna Sung, Keun-Young Yoo, Wonshik Han, Dong-Young Noh, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Daehee Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is heterogeneous disease according to ethnicity and molecular subtype. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to evaluate the association between susceptibility loci and breast cancer survival by the molecular subtypes which were classified into four subtypes based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in Korean women. Methods: Analyses included 2,023 invasive breast cancer patients, comprised of ER/PR+ and HER2- (N=1,006), ER/PR+ and HER2+ (N=245), ER/PR- and HER2+ (N=226), ER/PR- and HER2- (N=279), and unknown subtype (N=267), from Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SeBCS). For analyses, 555,117 SNPs were genotyped using Affymetrix SNP Array 6.0 and 2,416,663 SNPs were imputated based on HapMap Phase II (release 22). Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, recruited centers, and TNM stage were used to test the association of these SNPs with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) by molecular subtype. Results: With median follow-up periods of 3.8 years in DFS and 4.0 years in OS, there was significant difference in survival between molecular subtypes tested by log-rank (P&amp;lt;0.0001, Log-rank test). Compared to ‘ER/PR+ and HER2-‘, ‘ER/PR- and HER2+’ and ‘ER/PR- and HER2-’ were associated with a poorer prognosis (HRER/PR- and HER2+ (95% CI)=2.00 (1.35-2.97), HRER/PR- and HER2-=2.37 (1.70-3.29) in DFS and HRER/PR- and HER2+=2.54 (1.50-4.30), HRER/PR- and HER2-=2.59 (1.65-4.08) in OS). By molecular subtypes, we identified 5 SNPs associated with DFS (HRrs161041(PPP2R2B)=2.35 (1.68-3.30) in ER/PR+ and HER2-, HRrs1896346(TBX3)=8.19 (3.52-19.08) in ER/PR+ and HER2+, HRrs1278329(ADAM12)=3.96 (2.23-7.02) in ER/PR- and HER2+, HRrs10894375(NTM)=3.10 (2.02-4.74), HRrs10825036(PCDH15)=2.87 (1.90-4.34) in ER/PR- and HER2-) and 3 SNPs associated with OS (HRrs7659008(LYPLA1P2)=0.20 (0.09-0.39) in ER/PR+ and HER2-, HRrs4750561(CDNF)=0.12 (0.05-0.29), and HRrs4807216(SF3A2)=11.51 (4.30-30.81) in ER/PR- and HER2+) in breast cancer with the level of P-value&amp;lt;1×10−5. Conclusion: This study suggests that associations between SNPs and survival were heterogeneous according to the molecular subtype of breast cancer. Furthermore, Additional larger studies are needed to replicate these findings. Citation Format: Nan Song, Ji-Yeob Choi, Hyuna Sung, Keun-Young Yoo, Wonshik Han, Dong-Young Noh, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Daehee Kang. A genome-wide association study of breast cancer survival according to molecular subtype in Korean women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2550. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2550
545. Adenovirus Mediated Gene Transfer and Oncolysis In Vitro in Head and Neck Cancer and Melanoma Cells Enhanced by Polycations
Authors: Lian Mo, Gary Lee, Shanthi Ganesh, Yuanhao Li, P. Seshidhar Reddy, De-Chao Yu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAVs) designed to selectively replicate and kill cancer cells are rapidly emerging as promising agents for oncolytic virotherapy. We have generated and evaluated several OAVs both in vitro and in vivo in clinical trials. In several pre-clinical and clinical studies, OAVs as monotherapy have shown limited efficacy for treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) and melanoma. This limited efficacy may be due to low or no expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptors (CAR) on the surface of cancer cells. In addition, OAV-mediated gene transfer into cancer cells may be limited by electrostatic repulsion between the net negatively charged viral capsid and negatively charged cell surface. Removal of negatively charged molecules from cell surface or neutralization of negative charge on adenovirus capsid has been demonstrated to significantly improve Ad5-mediated gene transfer. Here, the effect of polycations such as polybrene, protamine and cytopure on Ad5 mediated gene transfer into cancer cells was investigated. Pretreatment of Ad5 marker vector (Ad5-GFP) with the polycations increased transgene expression up to 65-fold in several HNC cell lines. Similarly, in several melanoma cell lines Ad5-mediated gene expression was enhanced by up to 121-fold. In addition, treatment of an OAV with polycations has improved the virus yields by more than 100-fold in both HNC and melanoma cell lines. Moreover, pretreatment of virus with polycations partially protected the virus in vitro from neutralizing antibodies. These findings may have important implications for the treatment of head and neck cancers and melanoma using oncolytic adenoviral vectors.
Tracer microinjection study of renal tubular phosphate reabsorption in the rat
Authors: Barry B. Staum, Robert J. Hamburger, Martin Goldberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

To determine the sites of tubular phosphate reabsorption in the nephron, microinjection studies were undertaken, utilizing isotonic electrolyte solutions, containing either 1.4 or 8.0 mM phosphate and radioactive PO4-33P and inulin-3H, in rats made mildly diuretic by infusion of mannitol. The injected sites were localized by the technique of latex dissection.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FIRST STEPS IN ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF INFANTS, WITH PRACTICAL POINTS ON THE USE OF TOP MILK MIXTURES.
Authors: J. C. GITTINGS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

There is probably no cause of chronic digestive disturbances in infancy which can be more easily avoided than improper methods of artificial feeding during the first few months of the infant's life, for this is the time when the average infant receives little, if any, of the physician's attention. Most of the ills of this period are ascribed to immaturity or to innate depravity, and the newborn one is left to work out his salvation with the aid of the attendant nurse and family. Holt has repeatedly affirmed that under favorable conditions, when he can have entire charge of the infant's feeding from the start, it is exceptional for him to encounter any real difficulty in carrying out the infant's nutrition. This, he thinks, is due as much to the first steps as to his constant subsequent management of the case. Even a brief survey of the subject will reveal
Prognosis for South Asian and white patients with heart failure in the United Kingdom: Counterintuitive findings on heart failure in South Asians may be artefactual
Authors: R. Bhopal
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Compulsory measures can workEditor-Thank you for devoting an issue of the BMJ to the important topic of communication and public perception of risk.As a public health doctor, I have long puzzled over the apparent dissonance between statistical and public interpretation of risk.Risks imposed by others may be less acceptable than risks under individual control.In the examples covered by Bellaby, 1 injuries to child passengers could be perceived by parents as under their own control.Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination 2 and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob dis-ease are, however, perceived as imposed by authority.When comparing the risk of death from smoking and air travel, statistics tell us that air travel is incredibly safe and that smoking is not.Plane crashes induce enormous public fear, yet some 340 jumbo jets would have to crash every year to equal the toll from smoking in the United Kingdom.The media, and hence the public, seem more frightened by unusual and immediate events.Smoking is an every day occurrence and takes many years to kill.Plane crashes are rare and happen in a matter of hours after take off.Bellaby argues that in a post-war democracy, compulsion cannot work and concordance through two way communication is the only way forward.Although concordance is preferable, compulsion can work well: seat belt legislation.4][5] Research into the above issues could contribute to the implementation of effective public health programmes, through better communication, in today's Britain.
Pacemaker for Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Bernard A. Schwetz
Journal: JAMA (2001)

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