tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Service Utilization and Social Morbidity Associated With Depressive Symptoms in the Community
Authors: Jim Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate service utilization and social morbidity in the community associated with depressive symptoms. Estimates were made using an epidemiologic measure, population attributable risk. Population attributable risk is a compound measure reflecting both the morbid risk to an individual with a disorder and the prevalence of the disorder in the community. <h3>Design.</h3> —Epidemiologic survey. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Eighteen thousand five hundred seventy-one adults in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study interviewed from a complex random sample in five US communities. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Suicide attempts, use of psychoactive medications, self-reported physical and emotional health, time lost from work, and general medical services or use of emergency departments for emotional problems. <h3>Results.</h3> —Major depression-dysthymia (lifetime prevalence, 6.1%) and depressive symptoms (lifetime prevalence, 23.1%) were associated with increased service utilization and social morbidity as measured by the outcome variables. On a population basis, however, as much or more service burden and impairment was associated with depressive symptoms as with the clinical conditions of depression or dysthymia. The equal association results from the greater prevalence of depressive symptoms. Population attributable risk percentages associated with depressive symptoms (not disorder) were as follows: emergency department use (11.8%) or medical consultations for emotional problems (21.5%); use of tranquilizers (14.6%), sleeping pills (21.0%), or antidepressants (22.2%); fair or poor self-reported emotional health (15.3%); days lost from work (17.8%); and suicide attempts (25.0%). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Estimates of population attributable risk indicated that physicians actually provided services to more persons with depressive symptoms than to persons with formally defined conditions of depressive disorders. Subclinical depression, as a consequence of high prevalence, is a clinical and public health problem. Attention to diagnostic and treatment issues is indicated. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1478-1483)
Osteocalcin Is Related to Enhanced Insulin Secretion in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yvonne Winhofer, Ammon Handisurya, Andrea Tura, Christina Bittighofer, Katharina Klein, Barbara Schneider, Christian Bieglmayer, Oswald F. Wagner, Giovanni Pacini, Anton Luger, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence that osteocalcin, an osteoblast-derived protein locally acting on bone formation, can increase insulin secretion as well as insulin sensitivity and thus prevent the development of obesity and diabetes in experimental animals. In humans, osteocalcin has been reported to be decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes. Because gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can serve as a model of pre–type 2 diabetes, the aim of this study was to investigate osteocalcin in GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Osteocalcin measurement and an oral glucose tolerance test were performed in 78 pregnant women (26 women had GDM and 52 women had normal glucose tolerance [NGT] during pregnancy; women were matched for age and BMI) and in 34 women postpartum. RESULTS During pregnancy osteocalcin was significantly higher in the women with GDM than in the women with NGT (15.6 ± 6.4 vs. 12.6 ± 4.0 ng/ml; P &amp;lt; 0.015), whereas no difference was observed between the two groups at 12 weeks postpartum (36.2 ± 10.2 vs. 36.2 ± 13.0 ng/ml), when osteocalcin was found to be increased compared with the level in the pregnant state in all women (+145 ± 102% in GDM vs. +187 ± 119% in NGT; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Moreover, osteocalcin showed a significant correlation with basal and total insulin secretion in the whole study group (R = 0.3, P &amp;lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In GDM osteocalcin was higher and thus less restrained than in women with NGT during pregnancy and furthermore correlated with insulin secretion parameters. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that osteocalcin can enhance insulin secretion in insulin-resistant states; alternatively an effect of hyperinsulinemia on osteocalcin secretion cannot be excluded.
Abstract P4-11-09: Evidence of Better Cosmetic Outcome after Intra-Operative Radiotherapy with the TARGIT Technique Compared with External Beam Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer: Objective Assessment of Patients Enrolled in a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: MR Keshtgar, NR Williams, T Corica, C Saunders, DJ Joseph
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The international randomised TARGIT Trial started accrual in 2000 to determine if there is non-inferiority between the novel technique of TARGIT [intra-operative radiotherapy with Intrabeam® (Carl Zeiss, Germany)] and conventional external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in women with early breast cancer, with the main outcome measure of risk of local relapse within the treated breast. We report here the data from a sub-protocol assessing cosmesis in a sub-set of patients over 50 years old participating in the TARGIT Trial from one centre (Perth, Australia). Materials and methods: Frontal digital photographs from 114 patients (59 TARGIT, 55 EBRT) taken at baseline and 1, 2 and 3 years after completion of breast conserving surgery were assessed blinded to allocated treatment using specialist software (BCCT.core 2.0, INESC Porto, Portugal) which produces a composite score (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor) based on asymmetry, colour and scar. Results: Median age at randomisation was 61 (IQR 56-67) years; all patients were free from recurrence. The categories Excellent and Good; Fair and Poor; were combined to form EG and FP, respectively. Results are shown in Figure 1. On average patients in the TARGIT group attained EG significantly sooner than those in the EBRT group; a higher cumulative proportion of patients in the TARGIT group had attained EG by each of the three annual examinations post surgery, Log Rank test p=0.0244. By 1 year post surgery 74.6% (SE 5.7%) and 56.4% (SE 6.7%) had achieved EG cosmesis in the TARGIT and EBRT groups respectively. Discussion: These results indicate that the cosmetic effects of targeted radiotherapy using Intrabeam® are better than those obtained with conventional EBRT, with the largest difference one year after surgery. Figure 1. Cosmetic outcome by randomised treatment Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-09.
The Epidemiologic Necropsy
Authors: Paul Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  McFarlane and colleagues 1 have recently published an article based on 159 necropsy-proved cases of lung cancer during a 12-year period at one medical center. They suggest that there may be a large and undiagnosed reservoir of lung cancer cases in the population, that the relationship between smoking and lung cancer is overstated, and that the observed increase in the rate of lung cancer in women is due to occupational carcinogen exposure.  It is hardly surprising that patients pass through a stage during which their lung cancer is either asymptomatic or symptomatic but unsuspected by their physician. Nor is it surprising that some patients with lung cancer will die of other diseases. As indicated in the article, most of these deaths are due to diseases that are related to tobacco smoking (ie, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and stroke). Of the 2996 necropsies performed, lung cancer was found as
Messenger RNA for<i>FOXP3</i>in the Urine of Renal-Allograft Recipients
Authors: Thangamani Muthukumar, Darshana Dadhania, Ruchuang Ding, Catherine Snopkowski, Rubina Naqvi, Jun B. Lee, Choli Hartono, Baogui Li, Vijay K. Sharma, Surya V. Seshan, Sandip Kapur, Wayne W. Hancock, Joseph E. Schwartz, Manikkam Suthanthiran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The outcome of renal transplantation after an episode of acute rejection is difficult to predict, even with an allograft biopsy.We studied urine specimens from 36 subjects with acute rejection, 18 subjects with chronic allograft nephropathy, and 29 subjects with normal biopsy results. Levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for FOXP3, a specification and functional factor for regulatory T lymphocytes, and mRNA for CD25, CD3epsilon, perforin, and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were measured with a kinetic, quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction assay. We examined associations of mRNA levels with acute rejection, rejection reversal, and graft failure.The log-transformed mean (+/-SE) ratio of FOXP3 mRNA copies to 18S ribosomal RNA copies was higher in urine from the group with acute rejection (3.8+/-0.5) than in the group with chronic allograft nephropathy (1.3+/-0.7) or the group with normal biopsy results (1.6+/-0.4) (P<0.001 by the Kruskal-Wallis test). FOXP3 mRNA levels were inversely correlated with serum creatinine levels measured at the time of biopsy in the acute-rejection group (Spearman's correlation coefficient = -0.38, P=0.02) but not in the group with chronic allograft nephropathy or the group with normal biopsy results. Analyses of receiver-operating-characteristic curves demonstrated that reversal of acute rejection can be predicted with 90 percent sensitivity and 73 percent specificity with use of the optimal identified cutoff for FOXP3 mRNA of 3.46 (P=0.001). FOXP3 mRNA levels identified subjects at risk for graft failure within six months after the incident episode of acute rejection (relative risk for the lowest third of FOXP3 mRNA levels, 6; P=0.02). None of the other mRNA levels were predictive of reversal of acute rejection or graft failure.Measurement of FOXP3 mRNA in urine may offer a noninvasive means of improving the prediction of outcome of acute rejection of renal transplants.
The Public's Concern for Professional Competence
Authors: Nathan J. Stark
Journal: JAMA (1964)

IT REALLY TOOK temerity to accept this assignment to discuss the public's concern for professional competence. I even looked up the word "temerity" in the dictionary. "Unreasonable contempt of danger" is the way Webster defines it— "flagrant boldness." Then my mental vertigo leveled off and my perspective righted itself. I am a member of that public which has a right to be concerned with the professional competence of its physicians. In fact, the public's concern with the treatment of illness dates back as far as the written record. The ancient Greek historian, Herodotus, in relating the plight of the sick in ancient Babylonia, wrote: "They have no physicians, but when a man is ill, they lay him in the public square, and the passers-by come up to him, and if they have ever had his disease themselves, or have known anyone who has suffered from it, they give him advice,
Physiology and Management of Pulmonary Insufficiency due to Kyphoscoliosis.
Authors: M. Stein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Physiology and Management of Pulmonary Insufficiency due to Kyphoscoliosis.M. Stein, M.D., I. Bruderman, M.D.M. Stein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, I. Bruderman, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1060_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDetailed studies of pulmonary function were carried out in seven patients with severe thoracic deformity (kyphoscoliosis). The ages ranged from 31 to 79 years and included both acquired and congenital deformities. Six patients complained of moderate or severe dyspnea on mild exertion and five had histories consistent with cor pulmonale. The pulmonary function studies revealed vital capacities to be smaller than predicted, normal distribution of inspired gas, normal tidal volumes, alveolar hypoventilation, carbon dioxide retention, and arterial blood oxygen saturation disproportionately low for the degree of hypoventilation. On breathing 99.6% oxygen, plasma oxygen concentration failed to rise to predicted normal... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1060-1060KeywordsBlood plasmaBlood volumeBreathingCarbon dioxideDyspneaNormal distributionOxygenPulmonary functionRespiratory physiologyTidal volume ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2285: Inhibition of autophagy and tumor growth in colon cancer by miR-502
Authors: Haiyan Zhai, Bo Song, Xiao Xu, Wei Zhu, Jingfang Ju
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Autophagy is a catabolic process that allows cellular macromolecules to be broken down and recycled as metabolic precursors. The influence of non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) in autophagy has not been explored in colon cancer. In this study, we discovered a novel mechanism of autophagy regulated by hsa-miR-502-5p (miR-502) by suppression of Rab1B, a critical mediator of autophagy. A number of other miR-502 suppressed mRNA targets (e.g. DHODH) were also identified by microarray analysis. Ectopic expression of miR-502 inhibited autophagy, colon cancer cell growth, and cell cycle progression of colon cancer cells in vitro. miR-502 also inhibited in vivo colon cancer growth in a mouse tumor xenografts model. In addition, the expression of miR-502 was regulated by p53 via a negative feedback regulatory mechanism. The expression of miR-502 was down-regulated in colon cancer patient specimens compared to the paired normal control samples. These results suggest that miR-502 may function as a potential tumor suppressor and therefore be a novel candidate for developing miR-502 based therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2285. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2285
Usefulness of Serum Lysozyme Measurement in Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Rafael S. Pascual, J. Bernard L. Gee, Stuart C. Finch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

LYSOZYME, a low-molecular-weight lysosomal enzyme, has limited antibacterial properties. Relatively high concentrations occur in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes,1 , 2 from which most of the enzyme probably derives.3 , 4 Assay of serum and urinary lysozyme is useful to distinguish myeloid and monocytic leukemias from lymphocytic leukemia.1 2 3 A slight to moderate increase in serum lysozyme activity occurs in patients with acute bacterial infections, leukemoid reactions, megaloblastic anemias, neutropenic disorders associated with increased granulocyte turnover and azotemia.3 , 5 6 7 In addition, lysozyme is frequently present in the urine when there is high serum activity or renal tubular damage.1 , 2 , 7 There are several reasons to suggest that serum lysozyme . . .
The Emergence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection in the United States
Authors: Kristine L. MacDonald, Michael T. Osterholm
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Besser et al present findings from an outbreak of<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 that occurred in southeastern Massachusetts in the fall of 1991.<sup>1</sup>Twenty-three cases of<i>E coli</i>O157:H7 infection were identified; four had a diagnosis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which is a well-recognized complication of<i>E coli</i>O157:H7 infection. The outbreak was identified because the cases of HUS clustered in time at one hospital. A well-conducted case-control study implicated apple cider as the vehicle of transmission. While this is an unusual vehicle for a foodborne pathogen, the authors offer data from inoculation studies showing that<i>E coli</i>O157:H7 organisms can survive for many days in refrigerated cider. In addition, the authors cite two previously reported outbreaks of illness associated with drinking apple cider. Interestingly enough, one was an outbreak of HUS and was probably caused by<i>E coli</i>O157:H7 organisms. See also
Medical device recalls and transparency in the UK
Authors: M. Thompson, C. Heneghan, M. Billingsley, D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Matthew Thompson and colleagues’ attempts to obtain data on recalled medical devices raise questions about the UK regulatory system 

Medical device regulation is currently being questioned in both Europe and the United States.1 Although both systems are under review, that’s where the similarity ends. Both the approval process and policies on access to data are very different. And our research, published this week in BMJ Open and part of a wider series of investigations in which the BMJ has been involved, shows how difficult it makes it to find out about recalled devices in the UK.2 

In the US, there are essentially two ways devices are reviewed before approval. A more rigorous process, known as premarket approval (PMA) involves reviewing evidence of clinical tests of a new device. A less stringent approach, known as the 510(k) process, is intended for the approval of devices that are similar to others already on the market. Once a device has been either approved or cleared by the Food and Drug Administration under one of these routes, it can be marketed. However, there has been growing concern that the 510(k) route involves a far lower degree of scrutiny than PMA and is being used inappropriately for some devices, and that both processes involve far less regulatory oversight than approval of new drugs.3 4 Even PMA scrutiny is not very high—typically only one or two studies are submitted, of which the majority are non-randomised, single arm studies with fewer than 100 participants.5 6

When devices fail or have faults they may be recalled. The FDA publishes a list of recalled devices and the regulatory processes they had passed through. Zuckerman and colleagues analysed 113 medical devices recalled by the FDA from 2005 to 2009 because of risks of serious health effects …
Re-treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection After Relapse
Authors: Anu Osinusi, Anita Kohli, Miriam M. Marti, Amy Nelson, Xiaozhen Zhang, Eric G. Meissner, Rachel Silk, Kerry Townsend, Phillip S. Pang, G. Mani Subramanian, John G. McHutchison, Anthony S. Fauci, Henry Masur, Shyam Kottilil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

The interferon (IFN)-free regimen of sofosbuvir and ribavirin for 24 weeks was recently approved to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 (GT-1) infection for patients ineligible for IFN. However, sofosbuvir plus ribavirin therapy is associated with relapse in 15% to 30% of patients with HCV GT-1. Neither the mechanism of relapse nor the optimal re-treatment strategy for these patients is defined.
Research Offers New Hope for Young Persons with Diabetes
Authors: Bernadine Healy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hemodynamic characteristics, myocardial kinetics and microvascular rheology of FS-069, a second-generation echocardiographic contrast agent capable of producing myocardial opacification from a venous injection
Authors: Danny M. Skyba, Gustavo Camarano, Norman C. Goodman, Richard J. Price, Thomas C. Skalak, Sanjiv Kaul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Expression of the MutL Homologue hMLH3 in Human Cells and its Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
Authors: Elda Cannavo, Giancarlo Marra, Jacob Sabates-Bellver, Mirco Menigatti, Steven M. Lipkin, Franziska Fischer, Petr Cejka, Josef Jiricny
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The human mismatch repair (MMR) proteins hMLH1 and hPMS2 function in MMR as a heterodimer. Cells lacking either protein have a strong mutator phenotype and display microsatellite instability, yet mutations in the hMLH1 gene account for ∼50% of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer families, whereas hPMS2 mutations are substantially less frequent and less penetrant. Similarly, in the mouse model, Mlh1−/− animals are highly cancer prone and present with gastrointestinal tumors at an early age, whereas Pms2−/− mice succumb to cancer much later in life and do not present with gastrointestinal tumors. This evidence suggested that MLH1 might functionally interact with another MutL homologue, which compensates, at least in part, for a deficiency in PMS2. Sterility of Mlh1−/−, Pms2−/−, and Mlh3−/− mice implicated the Mlh1/Pms2 and Mlh1/Mlh3 heterodimers in meiotic recombination. We now show that the hMLH1/hMLH3 heterodimer, hMutLγ, can also assist in the repair of base-base mismatches and single extrahelical nucleotides in vitro. Analysis of hMLH3 expression in colon cancer cell lines indicated that the protein levels vary substantially and independently of hMLH1. If hMLH3 participates in MMR in vivo, its partial redundancy with hPMS2, coupled with the fluctuating expression levels of hMLH3, may help explain the low penetrance of hPMS2 mutations in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer families.