tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Human Diabetes
Authors: Carl Erik Mogensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

The presence of the characteristic early glomerular hyperfiltration seenin diabetes was originally suggested long ago by Cambier (1), indeed a few years before the well-known studies by Kimmelstiel and Wilson (2) that documented the typical glomerular structural lesions in diabetic patients. Brenner (3,4), in his breakthrough glomerular hyperfiltration- hemodynamic theory, also used diabetes as an example and proposed that hyperfiltration was an important factor in the genesis of glomerular damage, and not only in the damage caused by diabetes. This means that the two classic findings (1,2) may well be closely connected, with the former causing the latter.
Enhanced Radiation-Induced Cell Killing and Prolongation of γH2AX Foci Expression by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275
Authors: Kevin Camphausen, William Burgan, Michael Cerra, Kelli A. Oswald, Jane B. Trepel, Min-Jung Lee, Philip J. Tofilon
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are undergoing clinical evaluation for cancer therapy. Because HDAC modulates chromatin structure and gene expression, parameters considered to influence radioresponse, we have investigated the effects of the HDAC inhibitor MS-275 on the radiosensitivity of two human tumor cell lines (DU145 prostate carcinoma and U251 glioma). Acetylation status of histones H3 and H4 was determined as a function of time after MS-275 addition to and removal from culture medium. Histone acetylation increased by 6 h after MS-275 addition, reaching a maximum between 24 and 48 h of exposure; providing fresh drug-free medium then resulted in a decrease in histone acetylation that began by 6 h and approached untreated levels by 16 h. Treatment of cells with MS-275 for 48 h followed by irradiation had little or no effect on radiation-induced cell death. However, exposure to MS-275 before and after irradiation resulted in an increase in radiosensitivity with dose enhancement factors of 1.9 and 1.3 for DU145 and U251 cells, respectively. This MS-275 treatment protocol did not result in a redistribution of the cells into a more radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle or in an increase in apoptosis. However, MS-275 did modify the time course of γH2AX expression in irradiated cells. Whereas there was no significant difference in radiation-induced γH2AX foci at 6 h, the number of cells expressing γH2AX foci was significantly greater in the MS-275-treated cells at 24 h after irradiation. These results indicate that MS-275 can enhance radiosensitivity and suggest that this effect may involve an inhibition of DNA repair.
An unusual complication: postcolonoscopy appendicitis
Authors: R. Pellish, B. Ryder, F. Habr
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 50-year-old man presented to our hospital with rectal bleeding, hypogastric abdominal pain, and weight loss. Physical examination revealed only mild left lower quadrant tenderness and scant fresh blood on rectal examination. Laboratory evaluation was unremarkable. A colonoscopy was performed after polyethylene glycol preparation, and this revealed internal hemorrhoids and three diminutive polyps: one near the appendiceal orifice in the cecum ([Figure 1]), one in the descending colon, and one in the rectum. All the polyps were resected by excisional cold-forceps biopsy.
Nerve Growth Factor Expression and Release in Allergic Inflammatory Disease of the Upper Airways
Authors: ALVIN M. SANICO, ANDRZEJ M. STANISZ, TODD D. GLEESON, SUSAN BORA, DAVID PROUD, JOHN BIENENSTOCK, VASSILIS E. KOLIATSOS, ALKIS TOGIAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

It is well known that allergic airways disease is characterized by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, but the link between these two conditions has not been elucidated. We have previously shown that in allergic rhinitis, hyperresponsiveness is attributable to increased neural reactivity. We thus hypothesized that nerve growth factor (NGF), which is expressed by inflammatory cells and effects changes that lead to increased neural responsiveness, could be a pivotal mediator in this disease. Using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western immunoblotting, and ELISA to evaluate NGF expression and release, we found that subjects with allergic rhinitis have significantly decreased NGF mRNA in superficial nasal scrapings and significantly higher baseline concentrations of NGF protein in nasal lavage fluids, compared with control subjects. Nasal provocation with allergen significantly increased NGF protein in nasal lavage fluids of subjects with allergic rhinitis, but not of control subjects. The concentrations of NGF protein in nasal lavage fluids were not affected by provocation with the vehicle for allergen or with histamine. These data provide the first evidence of a steady state of dysregulation in mucosal NGF expression and release in allergic rhinitis, and support a role of this neurotrophin in the pathophysiology of allergic inflammatory disease of the human airways.
Environmental toxicology of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans.
Authors: J P Vanden Heuvel, G Lucier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Few environmental compounds have generated as much interest and controversy within the scientific community and in the lay public as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Their ubiquitous presence in the environment and the risk of accidental exposure has raised concern over a possible threat of PCDDs or PCDFs to human health. The most extensively studied and potent isomer is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin). Dioxin is a multisite toxicant in laboratory rodents resulting in a number of tissue-, species-, and sex-dependent responses. Much has been learned about the mechanism of dioxin's effects, especially for the induction of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Binding of PCDDs and PCDFs to a receptor protein, termed the dioxin or Ah receptor, is necessary for most biological and toxic responses. The most common toxic response used for evaluating the human health risk posed by PCDDs and PCDFs is the hepatocarcinogenic response observed primarily in rodents. Despite extensive research efforts, the effects of PCDDs and PCDFs on humans are not well characterized. However, available data indicate there is good agreement between known effects of dioxin in laboratory animals and those described in epidemiological studies for effects in humans. The sequence in events initiated by the Ah receptor interacting with dioxin-responsive genes and ending with altered patterns of differentiation and growth must be sought in order to understand tissue, species, sex, and interindividual variation in biological responses and the health risk posed by PCDDs and PCDFs.
The P2Y6 Receptor for Uridine Diphosphate Inhibits T Cell Activation and Dampens Allergic Pulmonary Inflammation
Authors: G. Giannattasio, J.R. Boyce, B.H. Sell, W. Xing, B. Balestrieri, J.A. Boyce
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
O158 A PROTECTIVE HLA-B*27 EPITOPE CONTRIBUTES TO HCV CONTROL IN CHRONIC INFECTION DESPITE PRESENCE OF VIRAL ESCAPE MUTATIONS AND IS CHARACTERIZED BY A UNIQUE T-CELL PHENOTYPE
Authors: B. Martin, B. Bengsch, K. Nitschke, R. Thimme, C. Neumann-Haefelin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Defibrillation at a football stadium: an experiment with Brighton and Hove Albion
Authors: N S V Jaggarao, H Sless, R Grainger, R Vincent, D A Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Over a five-year period arrangements have been made to increase the prospects of resuscitation for victims of sudden death at a large football stadium. Seven cases of ventricular fibrillation occurred. Four were resuscitated successfully and were subsequently discharged from hospital.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: EMMET B. KEEFFE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1985Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Ulcerative ColitisEMMET B. KEEFFE, M.D.EMMET B. KEEFFE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-2-305_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their recent review of liver histologic findings and clinical records of 107 patients with ulcerative colitis and hepatobiliary disease, Wee and Ludwig (1) noted that pericholangitis is commoner than primary sclerosing cholangitis. The finding of pericholangitis in 35% of patients and primary sclerosing cholangitis in only 17% of patients follows from the retrospective design and histopathologic focus of their study. Of 107 patients with ulcerative colitis and available liver tissue for histologic study, 37 had pericholangitis but only 11 of these patients had cholangiographic studies to exclude primary sclerosing cholangitis. Because histologic features of pericholangitis and...References1. WEELUDWIG AJ. Pericholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis: primary sclerosing cholangitis of the small bile ducts. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:581-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DEWTHOMPSONALLAN MHR. The spectrum of hepatic dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease. Q J Med. 1979;189:113-35. Google Scholar3. SCHRUMPFFAUSAKOLMANNSKOGELGJORITLANDGJONE EOFKSE. Sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis: a follow-up study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1982;17:33-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SHEPHERDSELBYCHAPMAN HWR. Ulcerative colitis in persistent liver dysfunction. Q J Med. 1983;208:503-13. Google Scholar5. TOBIASWRIGHTKOTTLER RJR. Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease in Cape Town, 1975-1981. S Afr Med J. 1983;63:229-35. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, OR 97201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDoes primary sclerosing cholangitis occurring in association with inflammatory bowel disease differ from that occurring in the abssence of inflammatory bowel disease? A study of sixty-six subjects 1 August 1985Volume 103, Issue 2Page: 305-306KeywordsLiverLiver diseasesPrimary sclerosing cholangitisRetrospective studiesUlcerative colitis Issue Published: 1 August 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Application of targeted drug delivery system in Chinese medicine
Authors: Di-Cai Li, Xian-Ke Zhong, Zhi-Ping Zeng, Jian-Guo Jiang, Lin Li, Mou-Ming Zhao, Xiao-Quan Yang, Jian Chen, Ben-Shan Zhang, Qiang-Zhong Zhao, Ming-Yong Xie, Hua Xiong, Ze-Yuan Deng, Xiao-Ming Zhang, Shi-Ying Xu, Yan-Xiang Gao
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Behavior Disorders and the Ritalin Controversy-Reply
Authors: Virginia Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Whether child psychiatry has overemphasized the role of environment as a cause of behavior disorders is surely still a matter of debate, although there appears to be much more interest in genetic links. With regard to pharmacotherapy, I asked Barry Garfinkel, MD, director of the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota, St Paul, to respond. In his view, the scientifically controlled studies support the position that the tricyclic antidepressants are drugs of second choice, preceded by the sympathomimetic medications, which include methylphenidate, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and pemoline.<sup>1,2</sup> "Dr Huessy's concern about long-acting drugs is justified," he said, "and that is why we choose methamphetamine in sustained-release tablets. Similarly, pemoline is a long-acting drug that can be given once or twice a day. The scientific literature does not support his allegation that the tricyclic antidepressants are equal in efficacy over the long term with
The impact of race on outcomes of autologous transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Pramvir S. Verma, Robin S. Howard, Brendan M. Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Abstract Multiple myeloma is the most common hematologic malignancy in African‐Americans, with twice the mortality of Caucasians according to population based data. In the pretransplantation era, comparable conventional therapy has resulted in similar outcomes between African‐Americans and Caucasians. However, there has been limited data on outcomes after high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). A retrospective analysis of Caucasian ( n = 55) and African‐American ( n = 36) myeloma patients who underwent ASCT in an equal access health care system in the Department of Defense was performed. Presenting demographic variables, pre/post ASCT characteristics, overall mortality and relapse rates after ASCT were obtained. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by Kaplan‐Meier, and compared via log‐rank testing. The median age at diagnosis for African‐Americans = 52 years, Caucasians = 56 years ( P = 0.009). There were no differences in presenting ISS stage, hemoglobin, calcium, or creatinine. African‐Americans presented with higher CRP levels ( P = 0.005), and a trend for less skeletal involvement ( P = 0.10). Response to induction and ASCT was similar. Median PFS was 60.5 months (95% CI: 31.3–89.8 months) for African‐Americans, 43.7 months (95% CI: 33.9–53.5 months) for Caucasians, HR of 1.3 (95% CI: 0.7–2.4), P = 0.46. Median OS was 95.2 months (95% CI: N/A) for African‐Americans, 68.5 months (95% CI: 14.2–122.9 months) for Caucasians, HR of 1.4 (95% CI: 0.7–2.9), P = 0.41. In a cohort of myeloma patients who received autologous transplantation in an equal access health care system, there was comparable survival between African‐Americans and Caucasians, suggesting that the historical increased mortality for African‐Americans may be due to inequalities in access to care. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deletion Allele of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Increases Risk of Essential Hypertension in Japanese Men
Authors: Jitsuo Higaki, Shunroku Baba, Tomohiro Katsuya, Noriyuki Sato, Kazuhiko Ishikawa, Toshihumi Mannami, Jun Ogata, Toshio Ogihara
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The Framingham Study recently revealed that the homozygous deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene ( ACE DD ) is associated with increased risk for essential hypertension in a male-specific manner. However, this association has not been confirmed in races other than whites. Methods and Results —Using a large number of Japanese subjects (n=5014) that were randomly selected from the general population (the Suita Study), we examined the association between ACE DD and hypertension. The frequency of DD (17.1%) in hypertensive men was significantly higher ( P &lt;0.0015) than that (11.8%) in other mildly hypertensive or normotensive men, and the estimated odds prevalence for hypertension ( DD vs II ) was 1.75 (95% CI 1.21 to 2.53). In contrast, no significant association was confirmed in women (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.72). Conclusions —Despite the lower frequency of the DD genotype in Japanese than in whites, the ACE gene polymorphism was associated with increased risk for hypertension, suggesting that this polymorphism is a mild but certain genetic risk factor for essential hypertension in men.
Prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy after cardiac surgery: systematic review
Authors: P. Pasquina
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To assess whether respiratory physiotherapy prevents pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery.Searches through Medline, Embase, Cinahl, the Cochrane library, and bibliographies, for randomised trials comparing any type of prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy with another type or no intervention after cardiac surgery, with a follow up of at least two days, and reporting on respiratory outcomes.Investigators assessed trial validity independently. Information on study design, population, interventions, and end points was abstracted by one investigator and checked by the others.18 trials (1457 patients) were identified. Most were of low quality. They tested physical therapy (13 trials), incentive spirometry (eight), continuous positive airway pressure (five), and intermittent positive pressure breathing (three). The maximum follow up was six days. Four trials only had a no intervention control; none showed any significant benefit of physiotherapy. Across all trials and interventions, average values postoperatively were: incidence of atelectasis, 15-98%; incidence of pneumonia, 0-20%; partial pressure of arterial oxygen per inspired oxygen fraction, 212-329 mm Hg; vital capacity, 37-72% of preoperative values; and forced expiratory volume in one second, 34-72%. No intervention showed superiority for any end point. For the most labour intensive intervention, continuous positive airway pressure, the average cost of labour for each patient day was 27 euro (pound 19; 32 dollars).The usefulness of respiratory physiotherapy for the prevention of pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery remains unproved. Large randomised trials are needed with no intervention controls, clinically relevant end points, and reasonable follow up periods.
For debate . . . medical research output 1973-81: a romp around the United Kingdom research centres.
Authors: R Wakeford, R Adams
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In order to measure output of medical research in the United Kingdom, the computerised database of Excerpta Medica was used to count the number of publications emanating from each centre of research based on a medical school in 1973-81. Data were amalgamated for the first four years (1973-6) and the final four years (1978-81) and the two sets of data were compared. Eight centres showed a substantial change (20% or more) between the first and second periods. In London three medical schools showed an increase in output and one showed a decrease in output. Elsewhere Leicester, Nottingham, and Southampton schools showed an increase and Bristol showed a decrease. The overall contribution of Cambridge did not increase over the decade but the proportion of clinical papers among those produced at Cambridge did increase. There are deficiencies in this type of exercise as all articles are treated equally, but probably some of these problems could be overcome in a more sophisticated analysis. Some measure of weighting of the importance of each paper needs to be devised.
Study Probes Best Choice of Drug to Reduce Phosphate in Patients on Dialysis
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Understanding indetailhowreperfusion injury occurs is a key area of Becker’s research, one that might lead to new types of interventions.“Thegoal is tofigureout howtoreintroduceoxygenwithoutevokingtheresponsethat isharmful,”hesaid. To that end, Becker and colleagues are investigating the biochemical steps that cause cell death during reperfusion in animals. They also are working on ways to extend brain function during periods of resuscitation. “It appears that one of the organs that is truly protected by this [slurry] technology is the brain and its long-term neurological functions,” he said. Understanding the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury may also point to potential drug therapies. “If we know what hypothermia is affecting, maybe we could develop drugs that target those mechanisms so that you wouldn’t need to cool,” said Kochanek. “Or we could add them to hypothermia to make it more beneficial,” he added. Despite hypothermia’s potential benefits in emergency situations, cooling equipment is not routinely available on ambulances, said Becker, although he thinks that will change in the future as more information about the benefits of hypothermia becomes available. “We’re very early in this science, but the science looks very good,” he said.
Intravenous Cocaine, Crack, and HIV Infection
Authors: Vernon Eugene Grove
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  I am very concerned about  aspect of the otherwise excellent letter in the April 1 issue ofTHE Journal 1 about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) crisis as it relates to intravenous drug use.  I am shocked by the suggestion that one form of AIDS risk reduction that IV [intravenous] cocaine users might adopt would be to switch from injecting cocaine hydrochloride to smoking 'crack' or 'freebase.'  The authors, who apparently approve of this rationale, suggest that this substitution may give the desired high without the risk of transmitting AIDS.  I think it is time to draw the line and explain to the drug user that he or she will need to take full responsibility for whatever consequence of their drug use befalls them and to let them know that this is another excellent reason for avoiding such drug use. To endorse the substitution of crack
SERUM COMPLEMENT (C'3) AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN LEVELS IN DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS
Authors: N. G. FRASER, J. S. BECK, F. ALBERT-RECHT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Summary.— Serum complement (C'3) and immunoglobulin levels were determined in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis at different phases of disease activity. The changes in the levels that occurred were not significant and thus provided no further evidence for a possible immunological mechanism in this disease.
Electrophysiological effects of FK664, a new cardiotonic agent, on preparations from guinea pig ventricle and from rabbit sino-atrial node
Authors: I. KODAMA, T. ANNO, Y. SUDO, N. SATAKE, S. SHIBATA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Effects of the cardiotonic agent FK664, 6-(3, 4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-1-ethyl-4-mesitylimino-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-pyrimidone, on isolated guinea pig ventricular muscles and rabbit sinus node pacemaker cells were studied using micro-electrode techniques. In ventricular muscles driven at 0.5-1.0 Hz, FK664 above 3 mumol.litre-1 caused an increase in contractile force and a shortening of time to peak tension. This positive inotropic effect of FK664 was accompanied by a slight elevation of the early plateau phase of the action potential, while other action potential variables were unaffected. The change in contractile force induced by FK664 was abolished in a low Ca2+ medium (0.12 mmol.litre-1) or by treatment with ryanodine (2 mumol.litre-1), whereas it was relatively well preserved in the preparations pretreated with nefedipine (1 mumol.litre-1). The slow action potentials induced by isoprenaline (0.3 mumol.litre-1) in high K+ medium (30 mmol.litre-1) and the slow inward current measured by single sucrose gap voltage clamp at a holding potential of -40 mV were unaffected by FK664. In sinus node pacemaker cells, FK664 (1-10 mumol.litre-1) caused a dose dependent acceleration of phase 4 depolarisation and a shortening of spontaneous firing cycle length. This positive chronotropic effect of FK664 was markedly inhibited in a low Ca2+ medium (0.3 mmol.litre-1). These findings suggest that FK664 has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart, due to an enhancement of transsarcolemmal calcium influx through the low threshold, dihydropyridine insensitive Ca2+ channel population.
Gastrointestinal complications of dialysis related amyloidosis.
Authors: E. R. Maher, S. H. Dutoit, R. A. Baillod, P. Sweny, J. F. Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1988)

justify an estimation of the excess risk, the results suggest that antithyroid drugs may cause aplastic anaemia but also that the excess risk associated with their use is very low.This study was sponsored by Hoechst AG, Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany.