tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Antihypertensive Action of Prolonged Administration of Hydrochlorothiazide in Rabbit and Dog
Authors: Thomas T. ZSOTÉR, FRED HART, I. C. RADDE
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The effect of hydrochlorothiazide on vascular reactivity to various drugs was studied in rabbit and dog. In rabbit, dose response in the mesenteric artery and vein was examined in vitro following a treatment with hydrochlorothiazide for 6 to 10 weeks. Norepinephrine produced significantly less contraction in the vein of treated than of control animals (P &lt; 0.005), but the effect of aeetylcholine, barium chloride, angiotensin, papaverine, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was not altered. In the hindlimb of dogs treated with hydrochlorothiazide for 6 to 8 weeks, intra-arterial norepinephrine caused substantially less pressure increment in the resistance vessels, perfused at constant flow rate, of treated than of control animals. Stimulation of lumbar sympathetic nerves also augmented pressure in the femoral artery less in treated than in control dogs. No such difference in the effect of intra-arterial ATP or angiotensin was observed between the two groups of animals. Preliminary results both in the rabbit and in the dog failed to demonstrate a significant alteration in water, sodium, potassium, and calcium content of the iliap artery or vein after hydrochlorothiazide treatment. Diminished response to norepinephrine in the vessels after hydrochlorothiazide treatment may be responsible for the antihypertensive effect after the prolonged administration of this drug.
Immunodominant cellular versus humoral responses to cytomegalovirus: relation to high levels of C-reactive protein and susceptibility to coronary artery disease
Authors: J. Zhu, G.M. Shearer, L.A. Pinto, F.M. Marincola, A.A. Quyyumi, A. Prasad, R. Mincemoyer, S.E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Book: Women's Mental Health: A Comprehensive Textbook
Authors: H. Pattison
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Eds Susan G Kornstein, Anita H Clayton The Guilford Press, £49.95, pp 638 ISBN 1 57230 699 8 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Why is it necessary to have a book on women's mental health? Simply, because there are sex differences and gender differences between men and women's health, which mean that women's illness is researched, diagnosed, and treated differently from men's. Sometimes this is justifiable on clinical grounds—for example, gender roles have an impact on the presentation of schizophrenia; sometimes it is not—for … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Ischaemic heart disease - a new issue in cystic fibrosis?
Authors: Felicity Mr Perrin, Walter Serino
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

As survival in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) improves it is likely that new conditions will arise in the aging CF population. There has been speculation that the high-fat diet, which patients are encouraged to eat, and the increasing incidence of CF-related diabetes (CFRD) may put patients at risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD),1 but to date this has not been seen.

The current case is that of a 48-year-old man, with CF, pancreatic insufficiency and CFRD, who presented acutely with a symptomatic non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
788. Engineered Zinc Finger Protein Transcription Factors as a Potential Therapy for Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Steve Zhang, Shu Kachi, Sean F. Hackett, Michido Kachi, Hideo Akiyama, Naoyasu Umeda, Katsutoshi Yokoi, Pei-qi Liu, Gabor Veres, Philip D. Gregory, Peter A. Campochiaro
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the most common cause of severe vision loss in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Anti-angiogenesis therapies, especially those that target Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), have shown promise in treating neovascular AMD. However, targeting VEGF alone maynot yield maximal therapeutic effects. Zinc-finger protein transcription factors (ZFP TF) can be engineered to regulate the expression of virtually any endogenous gene. We sought to test the effects in vitro and in vivo ZFPs designed to repress the transcription of VEGF-A and those designed to activate the transcription of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor (PEDF), a potent anti-angiogenic factor. ZFP DNA binding domains (DBDs) were assembled to target the promoters of VEGF-A and PEDF. For VEGF-A repression or PEDF activation, the DBDs were linked to the repression domain of v- ErbA or the activation domain of NF-κB p65, respectively. The activities of these ZFPs were tested by transient transfection. ZFPs that significantly activate PEDF expression (>20 fold) or repress VEGF-A expression (∼10 fold) in transient transfection assays were identified. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors that express a ZFP activator of PEDF and a ZFP repressor of VEGF-A were produced, and their in vivo efficacies were tested by intraocular injection in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV. AAV-PEDF activator and AAV-VEGF repressor regulated PEDF and VEGF-A expression and reduced the area of CNV at Bruch's membrane rupture sites by approximately 50% and 32%, respectively. These results demonstrate that engineered ZFP TFs can successfully regulate the expression of PEDF and VEGF-A in vivo and significantly suppress the development of CNV in a mouse model, they provide proof-of-concept for using engineered ZFP TFs as a therapeutic approach for ocular diseases. Future studies will explore combined repression of VEGF and activation of PEDF. Because PEDF can antagonize the activities of a variety of growth factors by inducing apoptosis of proliferating endothelial cells, simultaneously activating PEDF and repressing VEGF-A could achieve more potent inhibition of angiogenesis than methods targeting VEGF alone. Moreover, because highly efficient delivery to the eye and sustained ZFP expression can be achieved using AAV vector, long-term therapeutic benefit is possible with a single administration.
Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with pyrexia and leukocytosis: Report of five cases
Authors: Kunio Okuda, Yoichiro Kondo, Masayuki Nakano, Masayoshi Kage, Masahiro Arakawa, Masamichi Kojiro, Toshio Ohtsuki, Yutaka Shimokawa, Masao Hirata, Kunihiko Kohno
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

In the past 26 years we have encountered five patients with primary liver malignancy clinically characterized by high remittent fever and leukocytosis mimicking liver abscess. Two patients underwent exploratory laparotomy, and drainage was carried out in another. The clinical courses went rapidly downhill. The liver was cirrhotic in two patients. The interior of the main mass was almost totally necrotic in four cases. Histologically, the malignant cells in the main portion resembled sarcoma, but in some areas cells appeared epithelial with eosinophilic cytoplasm and were in a trabecular arrangement, except for one case not subjected to autopsy in which histological study was inadequate because of extensive necrosis. It seems that these neoplasms were very poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas rather than combinations of sarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. These patients, therefore, may represent a distinct clinicopathological type of hepatocellular carcinoma that is very rare in Japan but perhaps more common in South Africa, where similar cases have been clinically described in larger numbers.
<i>In Utero</i>Fine Particle Air Pollution and Placental Expression of Genes in the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling Pathway: An ENVIR<i>ON</i>AGE Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Nelly D. Saenen, Michelle Plusquin, Esmée Bijnens, Bram G. Janssen, Wilfried Gyselaers, Bianca Cox, Frans Fierens, Geert Molenberghs, Joris Penders, Karen Vrijens, Patrick De Boever, Tim S. Nawrot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundDevelopmental processes in the placenta and the fetal brain are shaped by the same biological signals. Recent evidence suggests that adaptive responses of the placenta to the maternal environment may influence central nervous system development.ObjectivesWe studied the association between in utero exposure to fine particle air pollution with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and placental expression of genes implicated in neural development.MethodsExpression of 10 target genes in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway were quantified in placental tissue of 90 mother–infant pairs from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Trimester-specific PM2.5 exposure levels were estimated for each mother's home address using a spatiotemporal model. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between the target genes and PM2.5 exposure measured in different time windows of pregnancy.ResultsA 5-μg/m3 increase in residential PM2.5 exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with a 15.9% decrease [95% confidence interval (CI): –28.7, –3.2%, p = 0.015] in expression of placental BDNF at birth. The corresponding estimate for synapsin 1 (SYN1) was a 24.3% decrease (95% CI: –42.8, –5.8%, p = 0.011).ConclusionsPlacental expression of BDNF and SYN1, two genes implicated in normal neurodevelopmental trajectories, decreased with increasing in utero exposure to PM2.5. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings and evaluate the potential relevance of associations between PM2.5 and placental expression of BDNF and SYN1 on neurodevelopment. We provide the first molecular epidemiological evidence concerning associations between in utero fine particle air pollution exposure and the expression of genes that may influence neurodevelopmental processes.CitationSaenen ND, Plusquin M, Bijnens E, Janssen BG, Gyselaers W, Cox B, Fierens F, Molenberghs G, Penders J, Vrijens K, De Boever P, Nawrot TS. 2015. In utero fine particle air pollution and placental expression of genes in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway: an ENVIRONAGE Birth Cohort Study. Environ Health Perspect 123:834–840; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408549
Bunnell's Surgery of the Hand
Authors: Erle E. Peacock
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The fourth edition of Bunnell's<i>Surgery of the Hand</i>, recently revised by one of America's most experienced hand surgeons, has resulted in many excellent up-to-date additions which make this monumental work even more complete than previous editions. The book is somewhat disappointing, however, in that errors in previous editions have been reproduced in the fourth edition; the main purpose of the revision appears to have been addition of more procedures, bibliography, and illustrations, rather than the hoped-for weeding out of questionably effective operations and antiquated hypotheses. Additions which have brought the book up to date include information on recently designed instruments and prostheses and a more complete bibliography. Excellent new sections on rheumatoid arthritis, the paralyzed extremity, and cerebral palsy deformities are included. Two sections, Dupuytren's Contracture, and Function of Intrinsic Muscles, deserve special comment. Dr. Boyes' summary of Dupuytren's Contracture stands as one of the best, and Intrinsic Muscle
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Michael A. Moskowitz, Christian Waeber
Journal: Circulation (2011)

C irculatory arrest and stroke are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and they are difficult to treat.Only a limited number of therapeutic approaches have reached the bedside (eg, hypothermia and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) 1 and, unfortunately, relatively few patients are eligible.Virtually all experimental compounds tested so far have failed at some stage of translational development.Preconditioning is an attractive strategy that makes the brain and other visceral organs relatively resistant to tissue injury.It develops when a noxious stimulus, below the damage threshold, leads to reduced tissue injury on subsequent challenge with a stimulus given above injury threshold.It is an appealing strategy to identify novel endogenous protective mechanisms and, as demonstrated by Jensen, Loukogeorgakis, and their colleagues in this issue of Circulation, 2 it may prove useful to prevent brain damage in the clinical context when there is a high probability of cerebral ischemia (eg, before high-risk surgery or in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage).
More inhibition and less excitation needed in the fight against pain
Authors: Rob W. Clarke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Recent pain research has concentrated heavily on excitatory processes. However, noxious stimuli activate excitatory and inhibitory systems. As failure of inhibition could underlie some forms of pathological pain, it may be argued that a full understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of pain states can only come from a consideration of all the central sequelae of injurious stimuli. [berkley; blumberg et al.; coderre &amp; katz; dickenson; mcmahon; weisenfeld-hallin et al.]
The Epidemiology of Missing Records
Authors: Jeffrey J. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —In hospital-based studies, investigators usually cannot obtain 100% of the medical records targeted for review; often, therefore, they must base their conclusions on incomplete  See also p 689. data. Accordingly, some of these investigators assume a worst-case scenario for the missing records. To determine whether persons with missing records were systematically different from those with located records, we evaluated the differences between missing and located hospital records during our investigation of a 15-month nurse-associated evening-shift epidemic of cardiac arrests in an intensive care unit (ICU).1  Study.  —Between Jan 1, 1983, and Dec 31,1985, there were 2449 entries in the ICU admission logbook. We located corresponding hospital charts for 2296 (93.8%) of these admissions. Logbook entries gave admission dates for 113 of the 153 patients with missing records. The percentage of missing records was 5.8% in 1983, 3.6% in 1984, and 4.6% in 1985. A comparison of
US Childhood Cancer Mortality Patterns, 1950-1959
Authors: Fred Ederer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Cancer deaths in 39,235 children in the United States, 1950-1959, were studied with respect to age, sex, geography, and calendar-time. In leukemia mortality a towering peak at 4 years of age was observed among white children only. Lesser peaks at the same age were observed for malignant neoplasms of the kidney and central nervous system among whites and nonwhites. Similarity in mortality patterns suggests some common factor in the genesis of these three cancers. In lymphoma mortality the lack of significant variation by single year of age throughout childhood contrasts with the changes in leukemia mortality. This suggests that lymphoma should not be grouped with childhood leukemia in studies of etiology. The progressive rise in bone cancer mortality rates throughout childhood suggests that the genesis of bone cancer is related to rate of growth.
Transformation of nonfunctional spinal circuits into functional states after the loss of brain input
Authors: Grégoire Courtine, Yury Gerasimenko, Rubia van den Brand, Aileen Yew, Pavel Musienko, Hui Zhong, Bingbing Song, Yan Ao, Ronaldo M Ichiyama, Igor Lavrov, Roland R Roy, Michael V Sofroniew, V Reggie Edgerton
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
Interaction of amosite and surface-modified amosite with a V79-4 (Chinese hamster lung) cell line.
Authors: E A Sara, R C Brown, C E Evans, J A Hoskins, C F Simpson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

We have been examining a number of chemically modified mineral fibers, derived from amosite asbestos, by in vitro methods to clarify the role of the fiber surface in determining biological activity. The various fibers have identical size distributions but differ in their affinities for components of the cell membrane. They were treated with boiling toluene or chemically modified by treatment with alkyldimethylchlorosilanes (R = C8, C18) that react with free-surface hydroxyl groups to form the corresponding siloxanes. Fibers in MEM supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum were added to a suspension of V79-4 cells labeled with tritiated thymidine and the mixture was incubated. Aliquots of this mixture were spun down on a density gradient to determine the degree of cell-fiber interaction. At 37 degrees C native amosite (UICC standard) stuck to cells within 15 min of incubation, and the amount of sticking was maximum within 70 min. Decreasing the temperature decreased the amount of sticking, and at 20 degrees C no sticking was observable. The chemically modified amosite and the amosite treated with boiling toluene did not stick to the cells even after 70 min. Soaking the toluene-treated amosite with aqueous solutions at room temperature for 48 hr produced a material that had the same sticking properties as the original untreated fiber. These results indicate that the silanol content, and possibly the degree of hydration of the fiber surface, is important for a fiber to stick to a cell surface.
Review: Neuraminidase inhibitors relieve influenza symptoms and reduce laboratory-confirmed influenza in healthy adults
Authors: Marek Smieja
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Jefferson T, Jones M, Doshi P, Del Mar C. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2009;339:b5106. [PMID 19995812]
SEROUS CYST OF IRIS FOLLOWING DISCISSION FOR MILKY CATARACT.
Authors: S. C. AYRES
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Cysts of the iris are generally of traumatic origin and follow punctured and incised wounds inflicted by various substances as well as incisions made for the extraction of cataracts and for the relief of glaucoma. While the great majority are the results of traumata, yet there are many well-authenticated cases of spontaneous cysts of the iris. They have been noted in infancy and mature life and in cases where trauma can be positively excluded. Rosenschweig<sup>1</sup>reports a case in an infant of 3 months. The cyst wall was lined with stratified epithelium. Dr. C. F. Clark observed two cases of serous cysts of the iris, one in a child, 22 months, and one in a woman 23 years of age, in which there was no history of trauma. Collins<sup>2</sup>cites two cases of cyst of the iris with no history of trauma. Some doubt has been expressed as
Continuous Nocturnal Intragastric Feeding for Management of Type 1 Glycogen-Storage Disease
Authors: Harry L. Greene, Alfred E. Slonim, James A. O'Neill, Ian M. Burr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The clinical and biochemical abnormalities associated with Type 1 glycogen-storage disease can be reversed by avoidance of hypoglycemia and secondary hormonal flux. Three patients with Type 1 disease were treated with intragastric infusions of a high glucose formula at night with three-hour starch feedings during the day. This regimen stabilized blood glucose levels above 70 mg per deciliter and decreased serum uric acid, triglyceride, lactate and serum oxalacetic transaminase levels, as well as hepatic size, in all patients. Increased linear growth rate (mean 1 cm per month) was associated with a decrease in mean plasma glucagon (from 190 to 40 pg per milliliter) and an increase in mean plasma insulin (from 19 to 43 muU per milliliter, [two patients]). These changes occurred within four weeks of beginning of treatment and continued with home treatment for 13 months. No complications resulted from tube placement daily by the patients. Type 1 disease can be managed by nighttime intragastric feeding and frequent daytime high starch meals.
HIV-1 drug resistance in primary infections in the UK
Authors: S. Fidler, J. Frater, J. Clarke, J. Weber
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—The UK Collaborative Group on Monitoring the Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance reports an estimated prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in 2000 of 27%.1

In an ongoing study of acute primary HIV infection at St Mary's Hospital, London, England, we have identified 28 seroconverters since January 2000. All patients sequenced to date (15/28) have no evidence of drug resistant mutations in either reverse transcriptase or protease before …
The Runaway American Health Care System-Reply
Authors: Nicholas E. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Technically, Dr Burnside is right in pointing out that health care contributes a percentage of the gross national product rather than consumes it. We appreciate his semantic honing. Practically speaking, part of the resources consumed in this disproportionate "contribution" might well be used otherwise. Since the majority payer is not the beneficiary, the payer may prefer the word<i>consumption</i>. Dr Rodnick emphasizes and makes more explicit a point we tried to make by implication. We stated, "This system has reimbursed handsomely—thus fostering—technical procedural skills, while reimbursing parsimoniously— thus casting disfavor on—time-consuming careful patient evaluation and management skills." The reason we have so many subspecialists is that medical technology is out of control and certain subspecialists are the physicians who use this technology. Two of the suggestions we make in our article—control technology and adjust the reimbursement system so that it is more equitable—should lessen the number of subspecialists
Influenza B is now predominant strain, as flu cases continue to fall
Authors: M. Billingsley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Influenza B has now taken over from influenza A H1N1 (swine flu) as the most dominant strain in circulation in the United Kingdom, although the overall number of flu cases has fallen substantially in the past week, show figures from the Health Protection Agency.

The number of confirmed deaths from seasonal flu rose to 338 in the week to 27 …
Animal models to detect allergenicity to foods and genetically modified products: workshop summary.
Authors: Helen Tryphonas, George Arvanitakis, Elizabeth Vavasour, Genevieve Bondy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Respiratory allergy and allergy to foods continue to be important health issues. There is evidence to indicate that the incidence of food allergy around the world is on the rise. Current estimates indicate that approximately 5% of young children and 1-2% of adults suffer from true food allergy (Kagan 2003). Although a large number of in vivo and in vitro tests exist for the clinical diagnosis of allergy in humans, we lack validated animal models of allergenicity. This deficiency creates serious problems for regulatory agencies and industries that must define the potential allergenicity of foods before marketing. The emergence of several biotechnologically derived foods and industrial proteins, as well as their potential to sensitize genetically predisposed populations to develop allergy, has prompted health officials and regulatory agencies around the world to seek approaches and methodologies to screen novel proteins for allergenicity.