tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter by Hill et al Regarding Article, “Mortality in First 5 Years in Infants With Functional Single Ventricle Born in Texas, 1996 to 2003”
Authors: Kevin Hill, Jennifer Li, Angelo Milazzo
Journal: Circulation (2010)

To the Editor:We read with interest the article by Fixler et al on mortality risk in infants with severe congenital heart disease. 1 In an era when experienced centers report surgical mortality rates of Ͻ10% for the Norwood procedure, a 5-year survival of 38% in their populationbased study for hypoplastic left heart syndrome remains poor.The highest mortality risk in hypoplastic left heart syndrome occurs prior to stage 2 palliation and can be stratified into presurgical, surgical, and interstage (postdischarge) mortality.Reducing presurgical mortality requires improving access to the best healthcare resources.This point is highlighted by the fact that neonates born in "border counties" farthest from major centers were at increased risk.Furthermore there was significant ethnic disparity in outcomes, some of which may be a direct result of decreased access.We have previously shown that blacks are more likely to undergo stages 2 and 3 palliation at an older age, perhaps because of unfavorable access to healthcare resources. 2urgical mortality represents the second opportunity for improvement.High-volume centers strive for mortality rates Ͻ15%, and the best centers currently report mortality rates of 5% to 10%. 3 Lowvolume centers have consistently demonstrated higher mortality rates. 4The authors do not address the possibility that centers lacking the required infrastructure might have significantly compromised overall survival rates.Many argue that the complexity of the Norwood procedure dictates that surgical intervention be reserved for regional referral centers with the required resources to support comprehensive surgical and postsurgical care.An additional 10% to 15% of mortality occurs during the interstage period. 3The fragile Norwood physiology is the likely culprit.Dramatic improvements in interstage mortality have been shown with the implementation of relatively simple but vigilant home monitoring programs. 5These programs' success illustrates the importance of close, continued monitoring of these vulnerable infants.This study illustrates that, although huge strides have been made, much work needs to be done.If we hope to see improvement in mortality in the next decade that parallels what has been seen in the preceding 2 decades, we need to promote quality surgical outcomes and improved access to the finest healthcare resources, as well as a vigilant approach to postdischarge care.
Hyperparathyroidism and Pancreatitis
Authors: Mortimer J. Lacher, Jack A. Goldberg, Don F. Thomas, George L. Calvy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

RECENTLY, the association between hyperparathyroidism and acute pancreatitis has been emphasized.1 , 2 Gross3 has reviewed the reported cases of hyperparathyroidism associated with pancreatitis or pancreatic calcification or both. Since the exact relation between these two diseases is far from settled, new cases and continued observation of the known cases should help to determine whether the relation is more than a coincidental one.Even in the absence of the classic complications of hyperparathyroidism, the presence of hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and hypercalciuria constitute sufficient reason to explore the neck (and mediastinum, if necessary) for a parathyroid adenoma. To provide further diagnostic security, before surgery, . . .
Gene Therapy for Cancer
Authors: Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Conclusion: The ability to manipulate and insert genes into human cells has opened new possibilities for treating cancer. Initial studies using marker genes have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of using retroviral-mediated transduction for inserting foreign genes into humans. Clinical trials involving the genetic manipulation of both immune T cells and autologous tumor cells have begun and offer the possibility of strengthening preexisting immune reactions to benefit the host. Plans for future treatment approaches, including efforts to develop preventive strategies based on cloning the genes that code for human tumor-associated antigens, are under way.
Scientists Stress Biodiversity—Human Health Links
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE DIVERSITY of life on earth is directly related to human health. As environmentalists sound warnings about the human destruction of natural habitats, the message they send does not concern just the possible extinction of some avian, mammal, botanical, or other species, but the survival of humankind itself. Physicians hardly need to be reminded of the adverse health effects of air pollution or excessive exposure to ultraviolet light. But they may be less aware of the implications for human health of the effects of global warming, or that changing patterns of precipitation can affect the spread of infectious diseases by altering the ranges of insect vectors, or that the destruction of plants and trees could reduce the sources of new medicines derived from botanical products and microorganisms. This interconnecting relationship between biological diversity ("biodiversity") and human health was the topic of a symposium held in Washington, DC, and sponsored by
IMPACT OF SEX AND ITS INTERACTION WITH AGE AND DIABETES ON LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN AN ASIAN COHORT OF 13,389 PATIENTS
Authors: Fei Gao, Carolyn Lam, Ling Ling Sim, Tian Hai Koh, David Foo, Hean Yee Ong, Khim-Leng Tong, Huay Cheem Tan, Mark Chan, Terrance Chua
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Triglyceride Levels in Sons of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Cuno S.P.M. Uiterwaal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 March 1995Triglyceride Levels in Sons of Patients with Coronary Artery DiseaseCuno S.P.M. Uiterwaal, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman, and Diederick E. GrobbeeCuno S.P.M. UiterwaalSearch for more papers by this author, Jacqueline C.M. WittemanSearch for more papers by this author, and Diederick E. GrobbeeSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-6-199503150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We thank Dr. Grundy [1] for his supportive and useful discussion of our report [2], in which he considers various explanations for the prolonged postprandial hypertriglyceridemic response in the sons of patients with coronary artery disease. Dr. Grundy suggests that we examine the possible bimodality of responses in the offspring of patients, a bimodality that would theoretically emerge if group differences could be attributed to a heterozygous monogenic defect of triglyceride metabolism in patients. Given this monogenic hypothesis, a subgroup of patients having the gene would transmit it to 50% of their offspring. Consequently, a subgroup of ...References1. Grundy SM. Triglyceride levels in sons of patients with coronary artery disease (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:614-5. Google Scholar2. Uiterwaal CS, Grobbee DE, Witteman JC, van Stiphout WA, Krauss XH, Havekes LM, et al. Postprandial triglyceride response in young adult men and familial risk for coronary atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:576-83. Google Scholar3. Swales JD, ed. Platt versus Pickering: An Episode in Recent Medical History. London: Keynes Press; 1986. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1995Volume 122, Issue 6Page: 475-476KeywordsArea under the curveBlood pressureLipidsNormal distributionPrimary hypertensionStable coronary artery disease Issue Published: 15 March 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE SOLVENT ACTION OF ANTISEPTICS ON NECROTIC TISSUE
Authors: Herbert D. Taylor, J. Harold Austin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

1. Dakin's hypochlorite solution has the power of dissolving necrotic tissue, pus, and plasma clot in the concentration and reaction used clinically. 2. Chloramine-T and dichloramine-T do not exhibit this action. 3. The solvent action of Dakin's hypochlorite solution of the degree of alkalinity used clinically is due primarily to its hypochlorite content, but its slight alkalinity, while in itself without solvent action, enhances the effectiveness of the hypochlorite. 4. In the degree of alkalinity used clinically, the solvent action of hypochlorite is absent below about 0.2 per cent sodium hypochlorite concentration. 5. The hypochlorite concentration at which the solvent action ceases is lower the more alkaline the solution, and vice versa. 6. None of the antiseptics studied had demonstrable solvent action on blood clot.
Differences in Management of Older Women Influence Breast Cancer Survival: Results from a Population-Based Database in Sweden
Authors: Sonja Eaker, Paul W Dickman, Leif Bergkvist, Lars Holmberg
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Several reports have shown that less aggressive patterns of diagnostic activity and care are provided to elderly breast carcinoma patients. We sought to investigate whether differences in the management of older women with breast cancer are associated with survival.In an observational study using a population-based clinical breast cancer register of one health-care region in Sweden, we identified 9,059 women aged 50-84 y diagnosed with primary breast cancer between 1992 and 2002. The 5-y relative survival ratio was estimated for patients classified by age group, diagnostic activity, tumor characteristics, and treatment. The 5-y relative survival for breast cancer patients was lower (up to 13%) in women 70-84 y of age compared to women aged 50-69 y, and the difference was most pronounced in stage IIB-III and in the unstaged. Significant differences in disease management were found, as older women had larger tumors, had fewer nodes examined, and did not receive treatment by radiotherapy or by chemotherapy as often as the younger women. Adjustment for diagnostic activity, tumor characteristics, and treatment diminished the relative excess mortality in stages III and in the unstaged, whereas the excess mortality was only marginally affected in stage IIB.Less diagnostic activity, less aggressive treatment, and later diagnosis in older women are associated with poorer survival. The large differences in treatment of older women are difficult to explain by co-morbidity alone.
Prevalence of GBV-C and hepatitis G virus variants in patients with fulminant hepatic failure in Japan
Authors: M Tanaka, S Nishiguchi, T Tanaka, M Enomoto, K Fukuda, T Takeda, S Nakajima, S Shiomi, T Kuroki, T Monna, Y Yano, S Otani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
RAF plus EGFR Inhibition for BRAF-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer—Letter
Authors: Steven Sorscher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

I read with interest the recently published article by Yaeger and colleagues (1). The primary endpoint was overall response, and the secondary efficacy endpoints were progression-free survival and overall survival.Yet, in the abstract, the authors note “tumor regressions were seen in 10 of 12 evaluable patients” (a number that included 4 patients not meeting RECIST criteria for “response” and 2 patients with stable disease by RECIST criteria). Should not these patients be referred to as having “stable disease,” by current accepted criteria? The authors have somehow conflated the terms “response,” “stable disease” (less than 20% response), and what has traditional been called stable disease to derive the term “regression” without defining it in the statistical methods. If “regression” is an acceptable term, it should be defined in the statistical methods section.See the Response, p. 2188No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Determinants of heart rate variability
Authors: Hisako Tsuji, Ferdinand J. Venditti, Emily S. Manders, Jane C. Evans, Martin G. Larson, Charles L. Feldman, Daniel Levy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

Objectives. This study sought to examine clinical determinants of heart rate variability and to report normative reference values for eight heart rate variability measures. Background. Although the clinical implications of heart rate variability have been described, clinical determinants and normative values of heart rate variability measures have not been studied systematically in a large community-based population. Methods. The first 2 h of ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings obtained in Framingham Heart Study subjects attending a routine examination were reprocessed for heart rate variability. Recordings with transient or persistent nonsinus rhythm, premature beats >10% of total beats, <1-h recording time or processed time <50% of recorded time were excluded; subjects receiving antiarrhythmic medications also were excluded. Among five frequency domain and three time domain measures that were obtained, low frequency power (0.04 to 0.15 Hz), high frequency power (0.15 to 0.40 Hz) and the standard deviation of total normal RR intervals based on 2-h recordings were selected for the principal analyses. Variables with potential physiologic effects or possible technical influences on heart rate variability measures were chosen for multiple linear regression analysis. Normative values, derived from a subset of healthy subjects, were adjusted for age and heart rate. Results. There were 2,722 eligible subjects with a mean age (±SD) of 55 ± 14 years. Three separate multiple linear regression analyses revealed that higher heart rate, older age, beta-adrenergic blocking agent use, history of myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure, diuretic use, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, diabetes mellitus, consumption of three or more cups of coffee per day and smoking were associated with lower values of one or more heart rate variability measures, whereas longer processed time, start time in the morning, frequent supraventricular and ventricular premature beats, female gender and systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg were associated with higher values. Age and heart rate were the major determinants of all three selected heart rate variability measures (partial R2 values 0.125 to 0.389). Normative reference values for all eight heart rate variability measures are presented. Conclusions. Age and heart rate must be taken into account when assessing heart rate variability.
Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A and Child Wheeze from Birth to 3 Years of Age
Authors: Adam J. Spanier, Robert S. Kahn, Allen R. Kunselman, Richard Hornung, Yingying Xu, Antonia M. Calafat, Bruce P. Lanphear
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical that is routinely detected in > 90% of Americans, promotes experimental asthma in mice. The association of prenatal BPA exposure and wheeze has not been evaluated in humans.We examined the relationship between prenatal BPA exposure and wheeze in early childhood.We measured BPA concentrations in serial maternal urine samples from a prospective birth cohort of 398 mother-infant pairs and assessed parent-reported child wheeze every 6 months for 3 years. We used generalized estimating equations with a logit link to evaluate the association of prenatal urinary BPA concentration with the dichotomous outcome wheeze (wheeze over the previous 6 months).Data were available for 365 children; BPA was detected in 99% of maternal urine samples during pregnancy. In multivariable analysis, a one-unit increase in log-transformed creatinine-standardized mean prenatal urinary BPA concentration was not significantly associated with child wheeze from birth to 3 years of age, but there was an interaction of BPA concentration with time (p = 0.003). Mean prenatal BPA above versus below the median was positively associated with wheeze at 6 months of age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 4.1] but not at 3 years (AOR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3, 1.1). In secondary analyses evaluating associations of each prenatal BPA concentration separately, urinary BPA concentrations measured at 16 weeks gestation were associated with wheeze (AOR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.5), but BPA concentrations at 26 weeks of gestation or at birth were not.Mean prenatal BPA was associated with increased odds of wheeze in early life, and the effect diminished over time. Evaluating exposure at each prenatal time point demonstrated an association between wheeze from 6 months to 3 years and log-transformed BPA concentration at 16 weeks gestation only.
Relation of Left Ventricular Mass and Geometry to Morbidity and Mortality in Uncomplicated Essential Hypertension
Authors: Michael J. Koren, Richard B. Devereux, Paul N. Casale, Daniel D. Savage, John H. Laragh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To assess the prognostic significance of left ventricular mass and geometry in initially healthy persons with essential hypertension. Design: An observational study of a prospectively identified cohort. Setting: University medical center. Patients: Two hundred and eighty patients with essential hypertension and no pre-existing cardiac disease were evaluated using echocardiography between 1976 and 1981. Two hundred and fifty-three subjects or their family members (90%) were contacted for a follow-up interview an average of 10.2 years after the initial echocardiogram was obtained; the survival status of 27 patients lost to follow-up was ascertained using National Death Index data. Measurements and Main Results: Left ventricular mass exceeded 125 g/m2 in 69 of 253 patients (27%). Cardiovascular events occurred in a higher proportion of patients with than without left ventricular hypertrophy (26% compared with 12%; P = 0.006). Patients with increased ventricular mass were also at higher risk for cardiovascular death (14% compared with 0.5%; P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (16% compared with 2%; P = 0.001). Electro-cardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy did not predict risk. Patients with normal left ventricular geometry had the fewest adverse outcomes (no cardiac deaths; morbid events in 11%), and those with concentric hypertrophy had the most (death in 21%; morbid events in 31%). In a multivariate analysis, only age and left ventricular mass—but not gender, blood pressure, or serum cholesterol level—independently predicted all three outcome measures. Conclusions: Echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass and geometry stratify risk in patients with essential hypertension independently of and more strongly than blood pressure or other potentially reversible risk factors and may help to stratify the need for intensive treatment.
Impaired Trapping of Tc-99m Pertechnetate in the Salivary Glands of Patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: AMOLAK SINGH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

This paper describes diminished concentration of Tc-99m pertechnetate in the salivary glands of infants with congenital hypothyroidism. The salivary glands' abnormalities were incidentally noted on the neck images acquired for suspected lingual thyroid or athyrosis. None of the 11 infants with congenital hypothyroidism revealed normal Tc-99m pertechnetate trapping in the salivary glands.
Susceptibility to tuberculosis is associated with variants in the ASAP1 gene encoding a regulator of dendritic cell migration
Authors: James Curtis, Yang Luo, Helen L Zenner, Delphine Cuchet-Lourenço, Changxin Wu, Kitty Lo, Mailis Maes, Ali Alisaac, Emma Stebbings, Jimmy Z Liu, Liliya Kopanitsa, Olga Ignatyeva, Yanina Balabanova, Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy, Ingelore Baessmann, Thorsten Thye, Christian G Meyer, Peter Nürnberg, Rolf D Horstmann, Francis Drobniewski, Vincent Plagnol, Jeffrey C Barrett, Sergey Nejentsev
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis: Model-Building in Cellular Immunity
Authors: CHARLES H. KIRKPATRICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Infection with Candida albicans develops in diverse clinical settings. It may be minimal or life-threatening in severity, depending on the site of infection and clinical circumstance. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is an uncommon superficial infection of the skin, nails, and oral and vaginal mucous membranes, and is often associated with defects in cellular immune function. Untreated, the course is usually unremitting. Intravenous amphotericin B often results in regression or clearing of infection, but relapse generally occurs after discontinuation of therapy. Twelve patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis have been studied at the National Institutes of Health. Specific defects in cellular immunity have been characterized in eight of these patients. Cutaneous anergy to candida antigens has been associated with defective lymphocyte function in vitro. Temporary modification of cellular immune function in one case was associated with partial clearing of skin lesions. Experience with reconstitution of defects in cellular immunity to date is reviewed here to provide guidelines for future efforts.
The Effect of the 65-mph Speed Limit on Fatalities in New Mexico
Authors: Stephen D. Leonard
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Gallaher et al<sup>1</sup>is interesting, but I take issue with their conclusion that perhaps the increased speed limit should be reconsidered. The question is not whether the fatality rate increases a bit with higher speed limits. Although various authors have drawn different conclusions, it should be no surprise if it does so. The question is whether the medical profession, reeling under the oppressive weight of Big Brother, has any business endorsing Big Brotherism on the highway or anywhere else. The increased fatality rate that Gallaher et al purport to have identified involved primarily single-car accidents. So drivers who now elect to drive faster are primarily endangering themselves and, at worst, their own loved ones. Each and every one of the benefits of our modern society has with it some attendant risk. If cars were outlawed entirely, 50 000 fewer people a year would
Adenylylcyclase Increases Responsiveness to Catecholamine Stimulation in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Mei Hua Gao, N. Chin Lai, David M. Roth, Jinyao Zhou, Jian Zhu, Toshihisa Anzai, Nancy Dalton, H. Kirk Hammond
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The cellular content of cAMP generated by activation of adenylylcyclase (AC) through the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) is a key determinant of a cell’s response to catecholamine stimulation. We tested the hypothesis that increased AC content, independently of βAR number, increases responsiveness to catecholamine stimulation in vivo. Methods and Results —Transgenic mice with cardiac-directed expression of AC VI showed increased transgene AC expression but no change in myocardial βAR number or G-protein content. When stimulated through the βAR, cardiac function was increased, and cardiac myocytes showed increased cAMP production. In contrast, basal cAMP and cardiac function were normal, and long-term transgene expression was not associated with abnormal histological findings or deleterious changes in cardiac function. Conclusions —The amount of AC sets a limit on cardiac β-adrenergic signaling in vivo, and increased AC, independent of βAR number and G-protein content, provides a means to regulate cardiac responsiveness to βAR stimulation. Overexpressing an effector (AC) does not alter transmembrane signaling except when receptors are activated, in contrast to receptor/G-protein overexpression, which yields continuous activation and has detrimental consequences. Our findings establish the importance of AC content in modulating β-adrenergic signaling in the heart, suggesting a new target for safely increasing cardiac responsiveness to βAR stimulation.