tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pregnancy and Contraceptive Steroids on Gallbladder Function
Authors: Dan Z. Braverman, Michael L. Johnson, Fred Kern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We used real-time ultrasonography to study gallbladder kinetics in 11 nonpregnant women, 17 women using steroid contraceptives, and 33 pregnant women. Gallbladder volume was determined after an overnight fast and serially for 90 minutes after a standard liquid meal. After the first trimester of pregnancy, gallbladder volume during fasting and residual volume after contraction were twice as large as in control subjects. The rate of emptying and the percentage emptied were reduced. In early pregnancy the only important abnormality was a 30 per cent decrease in emptying rate. Gallbladder function was not affected by contraceptive steroids. Incomplete empyting of the gallbladder in late pregnancy leaves a large residual volume and may cause retention of cholesterol crystals, a prerequisite for cholesterol-gallstone formation. These findings are consistent with the view that pregnancy increases the risk of cholesterol gallstones. The increased incidence of gallstones associated with contraceptive steroids does not involve abnormal gallbladder kinetics.Pregnancy has been known to increase the risk of developing cholesterol cholelithiasis in women of childbearing age. This study describes the use of real-time ultrasonography in measuring gallbladder function and in determining the effect of pregnancy and contraceptive steroids in gallstone formation. 61 healthy, young, premenopausal, nonobese women participated in the study: 11 were nonpregnant controls; 17 were taking contraceptive steroids; and 33 were 9-37 weeks pregnant. The subjects had an overnight fast and were given a standard liquid test meal the next day. Gallbladder volume during fasting and residual volume after contraction were twice as large in women in their first trimester of pregnancy as in controls. A reduction in the rate of emptying and percentage emptied was observed. A 30% decrease in emptying rate was observed during early pregnancy. Contraceptive steroids did not affect gallbladder function. In later pregnancy, incomplete emptying of the gallbladder may lead to the retention of cholesterol crystals, a precursor of cholesterol-gallstone formation.
Coccidian-like Nature of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: W. M. Hutchison, J. F. Dunachie, J. Chr. Siim, K. Work
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Specific pathogen-free domestic cats were fed with tissue cysts containing Toxoplasma gondii. In two infected cats large numbers of oocysts were produced in the faeces; no oocysts were observed in the faeces of the uninfected control cat. Five days after the feeding of the toxoplasms profuse schizogonic and gametogonic stages were observed in the epithelial cells of the small intestine of one infected cat. A single schizont was observed in an intestinal epithelial cell of a second cat six days after being fed the tissue cysts. There was no evidence of schizogony or gametogony in the uninfected control cat. The stages observed in the intestinal epithelium are identical with those of the well-known endogenous cycles of coccidian parasites. The appearance of these stages, together with the nature of the oocyst, indicates that T. gondii is a coccidian parasite closely related to the genus Isospora.
Pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to soluble fibrin in isolated lungs: possible role of thromboxane generation.
Authors: W Seeger, H Neuhof, J Hall, L Roka
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The blood coagulation system is activated regularly in severe forms of shock, polytrauma, and sepsis. Arising thrombin cleaves the fibrinopeptides A and B from fibrinogen, and it generates monomers of fibrin, which are initially kept in solution by the remaining excess fibrinogen. The effects of soluble fibrin (fibrin monomer/oligomer-fibrinogen complexes) and fibrinopeptides A and B were investigated in blood-free perfused, isolated rabbit lungs. Urea Tris buffer-dissolved fibrin monomers were injected into the pulmonary artery in the presence of circulating excess fibrinogen. In doses above 5 mg, the monomers consistently provoked a sharp rise in pulmonary artery pressure, which was followed by an elevated pressure plateau. Changing to fresh perfusate devoid of soluble fibrin did not restore the pressure to baseline, and a second administration of the soluble fibrin caused a pressor response larger than the first. Only a modest increase in lung weight (less than 2 g) was observed, and lung inflation pressure was not altered. The pressor responses were accompanied by a rapid release of thromboxane A2 and a more delayed release of prostaglandin I2 into the perfusion fluid. A significant correlation between the height of the fibrin-induced pressure rise and the amount of thromboxane release was noted. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (indomethacin) suppressed the generation of both prostanoids, whereas inhibition of thromboxane synthetase (OKY-046 and imidazole) selectively blocked the liberation of thromboxane. All three inhibitors caused an immediate decline in pulmonary artery pressure, which had been previously elevated due to administration of soluble fibrin, and markedly reduced the pressor response evoked by a subsequent fibrin application in the same lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE GOLD TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS*
Authors: NOXON TOOMEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1928)

Journal Article THE GOLD TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS Get access NOXON TOOMEY, M.D., F.A.C.P. NOXON TOOMEY, M.D., F.A.C.P. St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 40, Issue 11, 1 November 1928, Pages 445–450, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1928.tb09264.x Published: 01 November 1928
212 Prognostic value of a single hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement in cirrhotic patients
Authors: F.M. Fabris, A. Dell'Era, R. de Franchis, F. Salerno, A. Sangiovanni, G. Borroni, S. Visentin, D. Meregaglia, A. Nicolini, F. Iannuzzi, M. Primignani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Gene therapy of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma in rats using adenovirus coding for interleukin-12 (IL-12)
Authors: M. Barajas, G. Mazzolini, V. Schmitz, I. Narvaiza, R. Bilbao, G. Genove, M. Zabala, B. Sangro, I. Melero, C. Qian, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Toxicity of vesicant agents scheduled for destruction by the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program.
Authors: A P Watson, G D Griffin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

The vesicant agents of the unitary chemical munitions stockpile include various formulations of sulfur mustard [bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide; agents H, HD, and HT] and small quantities of the organic arsenical Lewisite [dichloro(2-chlorovinyl) arsine; agent L]. These agents can be dispersed in liquid, aerosol, or vapor form and are capable of producing severe chemical burns upon direct contact with tissue. Moist tissues such as the eyes, respiratory tract, and axillary areas are particularly affected. Available data summarizing acute dose response in humans and laboratory animals are summarized. Vesicant agents are also capable of generating delayed effects such as chronic bronchitis, carcinogenesis, or keratitis/keratopathy of the eye under appropriate conditions of exposure and dose. These effects may not become manifest until years following exposure. Risk analysis derived from carcinogenesis data indicates that sulfur mustard possesses a carcinogenic potency similar to that of benzo[a]pyrene. Because mustard agents are alkylating compounds, they destroy individual cells by reaction with cellular proteins, enzymes, RNA, and DNA. Once begun, tissue reaction is irreversible. Mustard agents are mutagenic; data for cellular and laboratory animal assays are presented. Reproductive effects have not been demonstrated in the offspring of laboratory rats. Acute Lewisite exposure has been implicated in cases of Bowen's disease, an intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma. Lewisite is not known to generate reproductive or teratogenic effects.
Medicine and the Computer
Authors: William B. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Abstract Rapid advances in the information sciences, coupled with the political commitment to broad extensions of health care, promise to bring about basic changes in the structure of medical practice. Computing science will probably exert its major effects by augmenting and, in some cases, largely replacing the intellectual functions of the physician. As the "intellectual" use of the computer influences in a fundamental fashion the problems of both physician manpower and quality of medical care, it will also inevitably exact important social costs — psychologic, organizational, legal, economic and technical. Only through consideration of such potential costs will it be possible to introduce the new technology in an effective and acceptable manner. To accomplish this goal will require new interactions among medicine, the information sciences and the management sciences, and the development of new skills and attitudes on the part of policy-makers in the health-care system.
POSTCONDITIONING PROTECTS THE HEART AGAINST IN VIVO ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY WITH REDUCED INFARCTION AND DECREASED SUPEROXIDE GENERATION: COMPARISON WITH EARLY ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING IN RATS
Authors: Jay L. Zweier, Fuchun Yang, Changjun Yang, Saradhadevi Varadharaj, Chun-An Chen, M.A. Hassan Talukder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 4154: Rapid, highly multiplexed somatic mutation analysis of FFPE tissues by deep amplicon sequencing on MiSeq®.
Authors: Elizabeth Upsall, Katherine Chang, Ian Lewis, April Tian, Anita Iyer, Richard Shen, Charles Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract DNA extraction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues typically results in low quantities of poor-quality, damaged DNA, which present challenges for sequencing. Here we present a fast, streamlined sample-to-answer workflow using probe design software and sample preparation methods optimized to overcome these challenges. DesignStudio® allows for the targeting of up to 1,536 user-defined genomic regions and supports amplicon sizes (150- and 175-bp) ideal for characterizing genomic hot-spot regions or sequencing of whole exons with FFPE DNA. The TruSeq® Custom Amplicon (TSCA) workflow delivers high target enrichment specificity (&amp;gt;80% of reads on target), robust target multiplexing (up to 1,536 amplicons per reaction), and scalable sample indexing (up to 96 libraries) that supports simultaneous sequencing using the MiSeq. We have optimized the DNA extraction and hybridization processes to achieve higher DNA yields and more uniform target representation, respectively. In addition, the improved TSCA assay and software analysis tools significantly reduce false-positive variant calls. In conclusion, we have developed an integrated solution for highly accurate and reproducible detection of somatic variants implicated in cancer biology. Citation Format: Elizabeth Upsall, Katherine Chang, Ian Lewis, April Tian, Anita Iyer, Richard Shen, Charles Lin. Rapid, highly multiplexed somatic mutation analysis of FFPE tissues by deep amplicon sequencing on MiSeq®. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4154. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4154
Experimental Arterial Disease
Authors: WILLIAM B. WARTMAN, ROBERT B. JENNINGS, BRYAN HUDSON
Journal: Circulation (1951)

When emboli of rabbit blood measuring 0.5 mm. in average diameter were injected into the ear vein of healthy adult male rabbits, they either became adherent to the walls of the pulmonary arteries or impacted in them. In either case an acute arteritis accompanied by endothelial proliferation regularly occurred. This process was reversible in some instances but in others was followed by organization of emboli which resulted in eccentric fibroelastic thickening of the intima or formation of fibrous intravascular bridges. Fatty degeneration, calcification, hemorrhage, and atheroma were absent. The lesions were self-limited and healed. They were not progressive.
Chemotherapy's negative aspects: whose concern?
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of Invasive Strategy on Management of Antimicrobial Treatment Failure in Institutionalized Older People with Severe Pneumonia
Authors: Ali A. El-Solh, Alan T. Aquilina, Rajwinder S. Dhillon, Fadi Ramadan, Patricia Nowak, Joan Davies
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The aim of the study was to investigate the etiology and the impact of invasive quantitative sampling on the management of severe pneumonia in institutionalized older people with antimicrobial treatment failure. Fifty-two institutionalized patients aged 70 years and older hospitalized with a presumptive diagnosis of severe pneumonia and failure to respond to treatment after 72 hours of initiation of outpatient antimicrobial therapy were enrolled. Microbial investigation included blood culture, serology, pleural fluid, and bronchoalveolar samples. A definite etiology could be established in 24 of 52 (46%) patients. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (33%), enteric Gram-negative bacilli (24%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%) accounted for most isolates. Atypical infections (2%) were uncommon. Invasive bronchial sampling directed a change of microbial therapy in 8 (40%) and discontinuation of antibiotics in 2 of 20 cases (10%) of definite pneumonia. Overall hospital mortality was 42%. There was no difference in mortality among definite or unverified cases or those who had invasive bronchial sampling–guided change in therapy. We conclude that antimicrobial therapy should be targeted toward "nosocomial" pathogens in those institutionalized patients who received prior antibiotic treatment. When combined with microbial investigation, direct visualization of the tracheobronchial tree might be useful in determining the presence of bacterial pneumonia.
Complementary Medicine: Useless or Unproven?-Reply
Authors: Denise McKee
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I disagree with Dr Sampson's rebuttal of our review of the journal<i>Complementary Therapies in Medicine</i>. Sampson's fixation on semantics detracts from any real contribution he may be trying to make. "Traditional," at least as used in the United States in reference to medical practice, usually indicates medicine practiced by medical school—trained practitioners, scientifically based, ethical, rational, and backed by the scientific method, to use Sampson's terms. "Alternative" medicine usually refers to therapies that fall out of the mainstream of Western medical practice, often those not backed by the scientific method of scrutiny, and includes successful practices of acupuncture, biofeedback, hypnosis, and herb therapy among many other therapeutic modalities. Not everything that is useful in medicine lends itself to the scrutiny of double-blind studies. For example, how does one reliably measure the effect of spirituality or the influence of a loving family on individual health? Yet these intangibles
Sodium cromoglycate and ipratropium bromide in exercise-induced asthma.
Authors: N C Thomson, K R Patel, J W Kerr
Journal: Thorax (1978)

In thirteen patients with extrinsic asthma the effects of placebo, sodium cromoglycate, ipratropium bromide, and ipratropium bromide plus sodium cromoglycate were studied in a random double-blind fashion to assess their inhibitory action in exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Exercise testing consisted of steady state running on an inclined treadmill for up to eight minutes. In eight of the 13 patients studied the baseline ratio of expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (VC) breathing helium-oxygen (V50He) to V50air was over 1.20 and they were called responders; the remaining five patients were called non-responders. There was a significantly lower baseline maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEF) in non-responders (P less than 0.02) as compared to responders but no difference in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC). Sodium cromoglycate (P less than 0.02), ipratropium bromide (P less than 0.01), and ipratropium bromide plus spdium cromoglycate (P less than 0.01) all significantly inhibited the percentage fall in FEV1 after exercise in the responders. Ipratropium bromide had no preventive action on non-responders, unlike sodium cromoglycate (P less than 0.05) and ipratropium bromide plus sodium cromoglycate (P less than 0.02). It is postulated that mediator release is an important factor in development of EIA in most extrinsic asthmatics, whereas cholinergic mechanisms are relevant only in those patients in whom the main site of airflow obstruction is in the large central airways.
Volunteer Corps Aims to Improve Training for Clinicians in Developing Countries
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Renal proximal tubular epithelium from patients with nephropathic cystinosis: Immortalized cell lines as in vitro model systems
Authors: Lorraine C. Racusen, Patricia D. Wilson, Patricia A. Hartz, Barbara A. Fivush, Christopher R. Burrow, with the technical assistance of Elizabeth T. Philip
Journal: Kidney International (1995)

The renal proximal tubule is a major site of injury in a variety of congenital/metabolic diseases including nephropathic cystinosis, the most commonly known cause of renal Fanconi's syndrome. In this lysosomal storage disease there are defects in proximal tubule function within the first few months of life. While culture of renal tubular cells from the urine of these patients is possible, development of immortalized cell lines would insure large numbers of homogeneous cells for studies of renal epithelial cell morphology and pathophysiology in this disease. To develop immortalized cells, cystinotic and normal proximal tubular cells in culture were exposed to an immortalizing vector, containing pZiptsU19 with the temperature sensitive SV40 T-antigen allele tsA58U19 and a neomycin resistance gene, and neomycin-resistant tubular cells were selected for propagation. Ten clones from cystinotic patients have been developed and characterized. All clones express T-antigen at permissive temperature (33 degrees C). Immortalized cells have an epithelial morphology and grow to form confluent monolayers; doubling times vary from 31 to 86 hours. Cystinotic clones are keratin, MDR P-glycoprotein, and alpha-95 kD brush-border associated protein positive but Tamm-Horsfall protein negative by immunocytochemistry, as are normal proximal tubule cells immortalized with this vector. This is consistent with a proximal tubule origin of the cystinotic clones. The cystine content of the cystinotic cells is 70 to 160 times that of normal renal proximal tubular cells in culture, with most of the cystine sequestered in cell lysosomes, confirming that these cell lines express the storage defect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gα12-Mediated Pathway Promotes Invasiveness of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Modulating Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization
Authors: Shu-Chen Liu, Yee-Min Jen, Shih Sheng Jiang, Junn-Liang Chang, Chao A. Hsiung, Chih-Hung Wang, Jyh-Lyh Juang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The molecular mechanisms behind the aggressiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a highly invasive and metastatic head and neck malignancy, have not been made clear. In this study investigating these mechanisms, guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha(12) subunit (G(alpha)(12)) signaling was found by microarray analysis to be increased in primary NPC cells and NPC-derived cell lines. Using small interfering RNA to knock down G(alpha)(12) in NPC cells resulted in a reduction in cell migration and invasion as well as a reversal in fibroblastoid morphology. Using microarray analysis, we also found a reduction in expression of key actin dynamics regulators and several epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes in G(alpha)(12)-depleted NPC cells. Knocking down one of those genes, IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1, reduced the migration and formation of adherens junctions and reversed the fibroblastoid morphology of NPC cells, as knocking down G(alpha)(12) was found to do. Immunohistochemical analysis found NPC tumors to have significantly greater levels of G(alpha)(12) protein than the normal basal epithelial cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed a significant correlation between G(alpha)(12) mRNA levels and NPC lymph node metastasis. Together, our findings support a model in which activation of G(alpha)(12) signaling promotes tumorigenesis and progression of NPC by modulating actin cytoskeleton reorganization and expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes. =
Realizing Genomic Medicine
Authors: Elizabeth G. Phimister, W. Gregory Feero, Alan E. Guttmacher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The current series of Genomic Medicine review articles concludes in this issue of the Journal with the publication of an article on cognitive impairment and autism by Mefford and colleagues.1 The topic of this article is an appropriate capstone for the Genomic Medicine series: it highlights the clinical advances in genomics regarding the care of patients with neurologic conditions, and it shows the potential of genomic science to further accelerate the pace of discovery in the neurosciences.The power of genomic technologies — in particular, DNA sequencing — is extraordinary. These techniques have led to a precipitous plunge in the . . .