tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human rights in Israeli occupied territories
Authors: D Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Tuberculous pericarditis ED1TOR,-The case of tuberculous pericarditis presented by C P Clifford and G J Davies' contained a misleading characterisation of the findings on admission as classic tamponade.Kuss- maul's sign and an abnormal third heart sound are inconsistent with the physiology of classic tamponade.'Indeed, it is the virtual elimination of the rapid filling period necessary to produce a third heart sound that is a classic feature of tamponade.It is far more likely that this patient already had, under the tamponading fluid, an epicardial con- striction with its typically mixed picture; a pulsus paradoxus with a 20 mm Hg fall in blood pressure is unusual while a third heart sound and Kussmaul's sign are the rule in constriction.2Although acute tuberculous pericarditis can progress rapidly to acute or subacute constriction, this was not such a case.34Finally, I wish to argue against the term "peri- cardial knock."The abnormal early diastolic sound of constrictive pericarditis does not usually present an auscultatory knocking quality.More importantly, this description clouds concepts even if this form of the third heart sound did always "knock."The early diastolic sound of constrictive pericarditis is an especially early and often loud third heart sound with all necessary abnormal dynamics-accelerated early ventricular filling, with abrupt deceleration, into ventricles made abnormally stiffby pericardial scarring.'
Pathophysiology of Male Hypogonadism Associated with Endogenous Hyperestrogenism
Authors: Johannes D. Veldhuis, James R. Sowers, Alan D. Rogol, Frederick A. Klein, Norman Miller, Maria L. Dufau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

FEMINIZING tumors of the adrenal cortex are associated with symptoms that presumably reflect the combined effects of estrogen excess and androgen deficiency — gynecomastia, diminished libido, attenuated potency, and testicular and prostatic atrophy.1 2 3 4 5 Although such tumors are extremely rare, they provide a unique opportunity to appraise the nature of endogenous estrogen action on the gonadal axis in men. In principle, the pathophysiologic effects of estrogen hypersecretion could be expressed at the level of either the Leydig cell or the hypothalamic–pituitary axis (or both), with consequent suppression of androgen production. In the present studies, we investigated the endocrine consequences of reversible . . .
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Interior of the Buurkerk, Utrecht&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chorionic Gonadotropin Has a Recent Origin Within Primates and an Evolutionary History of Selection
Authors: Glenn A. Maston, Maryellen Ruvolo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Chorionic gonadotropin (CG) is a critical signal in establishing pregnancy in humans and some other primates, but this placentally expressed hormone has not been found in other mammalian orders. The gene for one of its two subunits (CG β subunit [CGβ]) arose by duplication from the luteinizing hormone β subunit gene (LHβ), present in all mammals tested. In this study, 14 primate and related mammalian species were examined by Southern blotting and DNA sequencing to determine where in mammalian phylogeny the CGβ gene originated. Bats (order Chiroptera), flying lemur (order Dermoptera), strepsirrhine primates, and tarsiers do not have a CGβ gene, although they possess one copy of the LHβ gene. The CGβ gene first arose in the common ancestor of the anthropoid primates (New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, apes, and humans), after the anthropoids diverged from tarsiers. At least two subsequent duplication events occurred in the catarrhine primates, all of which possess multiple CGβ copies. The LHβ-CGβ family of genes has undergone frequent gene conversion among the catarrhines, as well as periods of strong positive selection in the New World monkeys (platyrrhines). In addition, newly generated DNA sequences from the promoter of the CG alpha subunit gene indicate that platyrrhine monkeys use a different mechanism of alpha gene expression control than that found in catarrhines.
Gallium Uptake in Erdheim-Chester Disease
Authors: WELLS MARTIN, JACK M. HOFFNUNG, RANDALL TEAGUE, ROBERT J. COWAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

MARTIN, WELLS III M.D.; HOFFNUNG, JACK M. M.D.; TEAGUE, RANDALL M.D.; COWAN, ROBERT J. M.D. Author Information
P3-090: Disease stabilization (SD) as a surrogate end-point in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with erlotinib (E) or gefitinib (G)
Authors: Francesco Grossi, Carlotta Defferrari, Annalisa Brianti, Gianluca Catania, Maura Loprevite, Maria Giovanna Dal Bello, Paolo Pronzato
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Effects of Ketoconazole on Glucuronidation by UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes
Authors: Wei Peng Yong, Jacqueline Ramirez, Federico Innocenti, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Ketoconazole has been shown to inhibit the glucuronidation of the UGT2B7 substrates zidovudine and lorazepam. Its effect on UGT1A substrates is unclear. A recent study found that coadministration of irinotecan and ketoconazole led to a significant increase in the formation of SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecine), an UGT1A substrate. This study investigates whether ketoconazole contributes to the increase in SN-38 formation by inhibiting SN-38 glucuronidation. Experimental Design: SN-38 glucuronidation activities were determined by measuring the rate of SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G) formation using pooled human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed UGT1A isoforms (1A1, 1A7 and 1A9) in the presence of ketoconazole. Indinavir, a known UGT1A1 inhibitor, was used as a positive control. SN-38G formation was measured by high-performance liquid chromatograph. Results: Ketoconazole competitively inhibited SN-38 glucuronidation. Among the UGT1A isoforms screened, ketoconazole showed the highest inhibitory effect on UGT1A1 and UGT1A9. The Ki values were 3.3 ± 0.8 μmol/L for UGT1A1 and 31.9 ± 3.3 μmol/L for UGT1A9. Conclusions: These results show that ketoconazole is a potent UGT1A1 inhibitor, which seems the basis for increased exposure to SN-38 when coadministered with irinotecan.
Models of atypical development must also be models of normal development
Authors: Gert Westermann, Denis Mareschal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Connectionist models aiming to reveal the mechanisms of atypical development must in their undamaged form constitute plausible models of normal development and follow a developmental trajectory that matches empirical data. Constructivist models that adapt their structure to the learning task satisfy this demand. They are therefore more informative in the study of atypical development than the static models employed by Thomas &amp; Karmiloff-Smith (T&amp;K-S).
Interrelations in the Oxidative Metabolism of Free Fatty Acids, Glucose, and Glycerol in Normal and Hyperlipemic Patients A COMPARTMENTAL MODEL
Authors: C. L. Malmendier, C. Delcroix, M. Berman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Palmitate, glucose, and glycerol oxidation to CO(2) have been investigated in the fasted state in ten normal subjects and nine patients (six hyperlipoproteinemias, one xanthomatosis, and two glycogenosis) after intravenous injection of [1-(14)C]palmitate, [1-(14)C]glucose, or [1-(14)C]glycerol in tracer amounts. The specific activities and concentrations of plasma palmitate, glycerol, or glucose and expired CO(2) were measured at various intervals after the injection for a period of 24 h. All the studies were analyzed in terms of a multicompartment model describing the structure for each of the subsystems, the transfer of carbon label between subsystems, and the oxidation to CO(2). A bicarbonate subsystem was also included in the model to account for its role in shaping the CO(2) curves. All the CO(2) activity following a palmitate injection could be accounted for by a direct oxidative pathway from plasm FFA with the addition of a 20-min delay compartment. The same also applied to glucose, except that the delay compartment had a mean time of about 150 min. Only about a third of the injected glycerol was directly oxidized to CO(2) from plasma; the delay time was about 4 min. Most of the remainder was converted to glucose. In normals about 45% of the FFA is oxidized to CO(2) directly. This constitutes about 30% of the total CO(2) output. In hyperlipemia the CO(2) output is nearly unchanged and the contribution from FFA is nearly the same. There is a considerable increase (factor of 2), however, in FFA mobilization, most of which is probably diverted to triglyceride synthesis. The glucose and glycerol subsystems are roughly the same in normals and hyperlipemics. About 50% of glucose is oxidized by the direct pathways which accounts for about 35% of the CO(2) output. Glycerol accounts for only 1.5% of the CO(2) produced. Major changes occurred in the glycerol and glucose subsystems in glycogenosis. The changes are consistent with the known deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase in this disorder. There is a considerable reduction (factor of 2 or more) in the release of glucose to plasma (gluconeogenesis) and in the conversion of glycerol to glucose. Despite the integration of the kinetics of the glucose, glycerol, and FFA subsystems over a 24-h period, 36% of the CO(2) production was still unaccounted for in normals and 50% in hyperlipemics. Thus, some of the carbon must wind up in very slowly turning-over pools which supply CO(2) through subsystems not covered in these studies (triglycerides, glycogen, amino acids, etc.). All the modeling was carried out with the aid of the SAAM25 computer program.
EFFECT OF HUMAN BLOOD SERUM ON TISSUE CULTURES
Authors: S. Fedoroff, B. Cook
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

When NCTC clone 929 (strain L) cells were grown either continuously or at intervals in toxic human serum, they became resistant to the toxic substance or substances. The resistance developed to toxic human serum was passed from one cell generation to another; i.e., it was heritable. The resistance to toxic human serum, developed in strain L cells, was associated with a decrease in their ability to adsorb toxic substances from the serum. This suggests that there is a decrease in the number of loci in the resistant cells where toxic substances can be bound. The resistant cells differed from the sensitive cells in their morphological appearance, the increased frequency of minute chromosomes, and the increased adhesion to glass surfaces. The cells which developed a resistance to a particular toxic serum also resisted the toxic effects of some other sera, but not of all.
Inhibition of nitric oxide formation in the nucleus tractus solitarius increases renal sympathetic nerve activity in rabbits.
Authors: S Harada, S Tokunaga, M Momohara, H Masaki, T Tagawa, T Imaizumi, A Takeshita
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized in the central nervous system as well as in vascular endothelial cells. However, the physiological role of NO in cardiovascular regulation by the central nervous system remains unclear. This objective of this study was to examine the possibility that NO plays a role in neural transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and thus contributes to control of sympathetic nerve activity in rabbits. We examined the effects of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of the formation of NO from L-arginine, microinjected into the NTS on arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). L-NMMA increased AP and RSNA in rabbits with intact as well as denervated sinoaortic baroreceptors and vagi. L-NMMA increased HR only in rabbits with sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy. Pretreatment with L-arginine microinjected into the NTS, which did not alter baseline AP, HR, and RSNA, prevented the increases in AP and RSNA evoked with subsequent L-NMMA. Pretreatment with D-arginine did not alter the effects of subsequent L-NMMA injections into the NTS. The gain of arterial baroreflex control of RSNA assessed by the slope of the regression line relating changes in AP and those in RSNA caused by intravenous phenylephrine or nitroglycerin did not differ before and after microinjections of L-NMMA. L-NMMA microinjected into the area postrema did not alter AP, HR, or RSNA. These results suggest that in rabbits NO is involved in the mechanism in the NTS that mediates tonic inhibition of RSNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (I/D) Polymorphism Associated with Atrial Fibrilation in Turkish Population
Authors: Atilla İçli, Nilgün Erten, Recep Sütçü, Fatih Aksoy, Akif Arslan, Habil Yücel, Mehmet Koray Adalı
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Experiences with the Long Standing Nasobiliary Tube in Biliary Diseases
Authors: D. Wurbs, J. Phillip, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

Specially designed longstanding nasobiliary tubes allow to reflect upon some well established therapeutic rules. The safe, decompressing effect of the tube leads to prompt relief of obstructive suppurative cholangitis. Therefore emergency of laparotomy can be avoided in high risk patients. Large common bile duct stones until now have required a large papillotomy with increased frequency of complications. The attempt to dissolve those stones with Capmul is justified on an account of a 50 % success rate. Either a very small EPT or even non is necessary in order to insert the tube.
GPs back call for independent review of "dreadful" NHS 111
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

GPs’ leaders have urged the government to commission an independent inquiry into the rollout of the NHS 111 urgent care telephone helpline in England.

Representatives at the annual conference of local medical committees in London on 23 May expressed anger at how the introduction of the new system had been handled and unanimously backed a motion calling for an inquiry into the “debacle” of the rollout.

NHS England recently announced that it was to carry out its own review of the management and implementation of the new non-emergency service,1 which has been beset with problems since its launch last month, including …
Joint scintigraphy and erosions.
Authors: T Mottonen, P Hannonen, A Rekonen, M Oka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Joint scintigraphy and erosions SIR, Isotope studies have been widely used in rheumatol- ogy for about 20 years.The study by Desaulniers and coworkers indicated that skeletal scintigraphy was a more sensitive method for the detection of inflammatory joint disease than radiography.'It appeared to be more sensi- tive than clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of joint inflammation of wrists, hands, ankles, and feet.We read with interest the study of Pitt, Berry, Clarke, and coworkers, in which x rays and joint scans with "mTc methylene diphosphonate (v9mTc MDP) were compared.2They found no association between the uptake of isotope in the hands and the development of new erosions.They studied 10 patients with RA whose hands were x rayed at 0 and 12 months, whereas "mTc MDP scanning
Respiratory allergy in apprentice bakers: do occupational allergies follow the allergic march?
Authors: J. Walusiak, W. Hanke, P. Górski, C. Pałczyński
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: This prospective study describes the incidence, risk factors and natural history of occupational respiratory allergy in apprentice bakers. Methods: Two hundred and eighty‐seven apprentice bakers were examined using a questionnaire, skin prick tests (SPTs) to common and occupational allergens, evaluation of total serum IgE level and specific anti‐flour and α ‐amylase IgE, before, 1 year and 2 years after the onset of vocational training. To diagnose occupational respiratory disease, spirometry, histamine and allergen‐specific inhalation challenge tests were performed. Results: The incidence of work‐related chest symptoms was 4.2% in the first year and 8.6% in the second year of exposure. Hypersensitivity to occupational allergens developed in 4.6 and 8.2% of subjects, respectively. The incidence of occupational allergic rhinitis was 8.4% after 1 year and 12.5% after 2 years, and that of occupational asthma/cough‐variant asthma 6.1 and 8.7%, respectively. The latency period of work‐related rhinitis symptoms was 11.6 ± 7.1 months and chest symptoms 12.9 ± 5.5 months. Only in 20% of occupational asthmatics could allergic rhinitis be diagnosed a stage earlier. In 21 out of 25 subjects with occupational asthma, chronic cough was the sole clinical manifestation of the disease. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that positive SPT to common allergens was a significant risk factor of hypersensitivity to occupational allergens (OR = 10.6, 95% CI 5.27; 21.45), occupational rhinitis (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.71; 9.14) and occupational asthma (OR = 7.4, 95% CI 3.01; 18.04). Moreover, positive SPT to occupational allergens on entry to the training was a significant risk factor of asthma (OR = 6.9, 95% CI 0.93; 51.38). Conclusions: The incidence of occupational asthma and rhinitis in apprentice bakers is high and increases z with the duration of exposure. Skin reactivity to common and occupational allergens is the main risk factor of bakers’ asthma. Most cases of work‐related respiratory symptoms among apprentice bakers are related to a specific sensitization. In most subjects who developed occupational asthma, rhinitis occurred at the same time as the chest symptoms did.
Body Weight Changes Associated With Insulin Therapy
Authors: Priscilla A. Hollander, Alan Krasner, Sol Klioze, Pamela Schwartz, William Duggan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Weight gain is commonly seen when patients are started on subcutaneous (SC) insulin. In the UK Prospective Diabetes Study, those assigned insulin gained 4 kg more than those assigned conventional therapy at 10 years (1). Given that the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese (2,3), additional weight gain is clearly a concern. Furthermore, while patients with type 1 diabetes were historically often underweight, the greater use of an intensified treatment approach to achieve the benefits of improved glycemic control is associated with greater weight gain than conventional treatment (4). Fear of weight gain, along with factors such as reluctance to self-inject and fear of hypoglycemia, is a frequent deterrent to initiating insulin therapy and has been linked to reduced treatment adherence in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (5).

In type 2 diabetes, the β-cell dysfunction that leads to impaired insulin secretion is progressive, and eventually patients will require a treatment strategy that includes insulin either alone or with oral agents (6). The aim of this pooled analysis was to compare weight changes in a large population of adult patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes receiving a regimen involving inhaled human insulin (Exubera [rDNA origin] Inhalation Powder) versus an SC insulin–only regimen.

This was a retrospective analysis of pooled 6-month data from five controlled Phase III clinical trials …
Postoperative Pulmonary Atelectasis and Collapse, and its Prophylaxis with Intravenous Bicarbonate
Authors: M. O'Driscoll
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Of 181 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery 116 developed chest complications associated with a metabolic acidosis, low Pco2, depressed tidal volume, increased respiratory rate, but no increase in minute volume. In a matched group of 116 patients given intravenous bicarbonate postoperatively only 15 developed chest complications. This suggests that respiratory physiological dead space decreases in patients with pulmonary collapse and atelectasis following surgery. Acidotic respiration proved inefficient in the postoperative period, and intravenous bicarbonate had a very pronounced effect on the tidal and minute volumes of acidotic patients with pulmonary collapse and atelectasis.
Stimulation of slow action potentials in guinea pig papillary muscle cells by intracellular injection of cAMP, Gpp(NH)p, and cholera toxin.
Authors: T Li, N Sperelakis
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

To test the hypothesis that intracellular cAMP has a regulatory role in cardiac slow channel function, intracellular pressure injections of cAMP and adenylate cyclase activators, Gpp(NH)p and cholera toxin, were carried out. Guinea pig papillary muscles were depolarized to about -45 mV by superfusion with 22 mM K+-Tyrode's solution to inactivate the fast Na+ channels. Induction of slow action potentials or enhancement of ongoing slow action potentials was observed in about 70% of all cells in which a successful intracellular injection of the testing compounds was obtained. The slow AP is highly dependent on slow inward current and is known to be enhanced by catecholamines. The effect of the injected cyclic nucleotides and related compounds occurred within 3 minutes after starting the injection, whereas superfusion with these compounds (dibutyryl cAMP was used in place of cAMP) required 10-30 minutes to show an effect. This difference is attributed to the intracellular injection of the compound. The effect on stimulating slow action potentials persisted (greater than 5 minutes) after termination of the application of either Gpp(NH)p or cholera toxin, indicating the long-lasting nature of their action. The effect of the cAMP injections decayed within 1 minute. Intracellular injection of 5'-AMP was without effect. These results support the view that a causal relationship exists between intracellular cAMP level and slow channel function. Phosphorylation of a protein constituent of the slow channel by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase may be involved.
Angiographic outcomes after arterial recanalization of refractory occlusions with the PRIMA™ excimer laser wire
Authors: Jeffrey J. Popma, Martin B. Leon, William O'Neill, Stephen Oesterle, James Margolis, Ronald Masden, Neil Eigler, Paul Gilmore, Abdel Brahimi, Ann Greenberg, William Kerker, Theresa Bucher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)