tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mobile phone messaging to improve health
Authors: K. Kahol
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We still have a lot to learn about what makes it work

Mobile technologies are fascinating. In the past two decades, our lives have been transformed by mobile services that not only allow us to get connectivity anywhere anytime but also allow us to ease our lives in an unprecedented manner. There are many successes in the mobile technologies space. Google Android, Facebook, WhatsAPP, and Instagram are some of the examples of companies and efforts that got it right. However, behind every success there are several failures. These failures do not attract the same global media attention as the successes, but they provide an important insight into what makes certain efforts successful and others not so successful. It is imperative for us to analyse objectively both successes and failures and the reasons behind them so we can improve existing methodologies and approaches.

The linked study by Shet and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.g5978) is an important evaluation of the use of mobile phone messaging to improve adherence to HIV treatments and decrease virological failure.1 The paper details a randomised controlled trial …
P3-07-28: One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) for Intraoperative Molecular Detection of Lymph Node Metastases and Micro-Metastases in Breast Cancer.
Authors: MM Babar, R Madani, P Jackson, T Irvine, G Layer, M Kissin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Ideally, intraoperative sentinel lymph node analysis in breast cancer should be automated, concordant with histopathology and practically applicable. One step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA), a highly sensitive intraoperative assay of cytokeratin 19 mRNA, is used for the detection of sentinel lymph node (SLN) macro- and micro-metastases in breast cancer. Guildford adopted the intraoperative OSNA “live” in December 2008 after undertaking a multicentre evaluation of its accuracy and high concordance with histopathology and here we present our two year data since its introduction. Methods: Data was collected prospectively from 2008–10. All patients eligible for sentinel node biopsy were offered OSNA and operations were performed by five consultant breast surgeons. On detection of micro-metastasis (+) and positive but inhibited metastases a level 1 axillary nodal clearance (ANC) and for a macro-metastasis (++), a level 3 ANC was performed. Results: 471 patients had 999 SLN analysed, median age being 61. All except one were females. 72% (n=340) had wide local excision, 26% (n=120) underwent mastectomy and 2% (8) SNB alone. Mean tumour size was 18.3 mms. 80% (n=371) of the cases were IDC and 55% (n=256) had grade II tumour. 34% (n=161/471) had positive SLN who had further ANC. Of these, 48% (n=78/161) had macro-metastases, 37% (n=59/161) had micro-metastases and 15% (n=24/161) had positive but inhibited results. 17% (10/59) of the patients with micrometastases had positive non-SLN (NSLN), four (4/59, 6.8%) had four positive nodes (SLN+NSLN) thus receiving adjuvant radiotherapy. 8% (2/24) of those with positive but inhibited results and 39% (30/78) of those with macro-metastases had positive NSLN. Conclusion: Over a third of patients had OSNA positive SLN and underwent axillary surgery at the same operation. This technique eliminates the need for a second operation in sentinel lymph node positive patients and avoids the anxious wait for results in all, streamlining the patient's cancer journey. OSNA upstages patients with micro-metastases and long term studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of molecular micro-metastatic disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-28.
Primary Lymphedema Associated With Yellow Nails and Pleural Effusions
Authors: John J. Dilley
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The association of primary lymphedema with pleural effusions and yellowish discoloration of the nails has been well documented, mainly in the British literature. Five additional cases, with various combinations of primary lymphedema, yellow nails, and pleural effusions, indicate that a common etiologic relationship is likely.
Hip involvement in early rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: K Eberhardt, E Fex, K Johnsson, P Geborek
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To study early hip involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography in the detection of hip joint synovitis in RA.Study I: The number of hip joint replacements was recorded in a cohort of 113 patients with RA of at least five years disease duration followed from an early stage. Study II: Ultrasonography was evaluated as a method to identify hip joint synovitis in 76 patients with RA of shorter disease duration, by relating it to radiograms and clinical findings.Study I: Twenty one hip joint replacements were performed in 15 of the 113 patients. The median disease duration at the time of first arthroplasty was 48 (range 10-76) months; the annual incidence was approximately constant between two and six years. High disease activity at the start of the study was predictive of requirement for hip prosthesis. Study II: Hip ultrasonography was pathological in 13 of the 76 patients studied, bilaterally in nine. Hip joint synovitis could not be confirmed on clinical grounds only as seven of the patients with positive ultrasonographic findings were asymptomatic, and the remaining six patients had only mild symptoms of hip involvement. Also, six of the 63 patients with normal ultrasonography had mild symptoms. There was no difference regarding demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings in patients with and without hip synovitis.Early hip joint destruction giving symptoms mostly at a very late stage is frequent in RA. Ultrasonography rather than signs or symptoms could identify patients with hip joint involvement and provide a rationale for early treatment.
A CASE OF FEVER DUE TO B. PARATYPHOSUS C
Authors: E. Wordley
Journal: BMJ (1923)

Suggested Ncw Nomenclature.Chronic Arthritis (A, Monarticular; B, Polyarticular).(1) Synovial Type (O.T., Rheumatoid arthritis).-Thedisease commences and remains more marked in the synovial mem- brane.The cartilage and bone may be invaded secondarily.Every gradation may be seen between the chronic types and the more acute forms which lead to ankylosis.(2) Chondro-osseous Type (O.T., Osteo-arthritis).-Thedisease commences and remains more marked in the articular end, the isynovial membrane being involved later.(3) Mixed Type.-The disease commences simultaneously in synovial membrane and articular end and the changes advance pari passu.I T(BBru organisms were isolated.As a precaution the other inmates of the house were inoculated with a paratyphosus C vaccine, and, as stated above, no fresh cases of infection arose.
CDK9 inhibition by dinaciclib potently suppresses Mcl-1 to induce durable apoptotic responses in aggressive MYC-driven B-cell lymphoma in vivo
Authors: G P Gregory, S J Hogg, L M Kats, E Vidacs, A J Baker, O Gilan, M Lefebure, B P Martin, M A Dawson, R W Johnstone, J Shortt
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

either as false negatives of the PCR or as false positives of MFC.We can thus conclude that the junction region of the IgH rearrangement in MM is stable and can be used as a target for MRD assessment by ASO RQ-PCR and more, also by deep-sequencing methods, as it constantly identifies the myeloma cells responsible for relapse. 15n conclusion, our results show that, in the dominant myeloma clone, the CDR3 region of IGH remains constant across all the stages of disease evolution.This major clone signature is not modified by clinical or biological changes in the disease nor under different treatment pressures; accordingly, it would thus be responsible for disease relapses and progression, and could be used as a MRD target.Assuming that the CDR3 region remains stable, the recently raised concept of clonal tiding
Role of secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) in transforming growth factor β signalling and angiogenesis
Authors: Khader Awwad, Jiong Hu, Lei Shi, Nicole Mangels, Randa Abdel Malik, Nina Zippel, Beate Fisslthaler, Johannes A. Eble, Josef Pfeilschifter, Rüdiger Popp, Ingrid Fleming
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsSecreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) is a matricellular protein that potentially interferes with growth factor receptor signalling. The aim of this study was to determine how its expression is regulated in endothelial cells and its role in the regulation of endothelial cell function.
Pleasing some of the people none of the time
Authors: P. Hilton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The editorial by Maddern et al was in large part a critical appraisal of our randomised trial of tension free vaginal tape. 1 2 We endorse the view expressed by the authors that realistic funding for surgical trials is crucial to their meaningful outcome, and that contingency funding should be available so that trials are not underpowered. We accept that our failure to recruit up to the calculated sample size in this trial has an inevitable adverse effect on the power of its conclusions. We emphasised this in our publication and in a subsequent commentary. 2 3

It must be recognised, however, …
Effects of treatment for intestinal helminth infection on growth and cognitive performance in children: systematic review of randomised trials
Authors: R. Dickson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To summarise the effects of anthelmintic drug treatment on growth and cognitive performance in children. <b>Data sources:</b> Electronic databases: Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group controlled trial register, Cochrane controlled trials register, Embase, and Medline. Citations of all identified trials. Contact with the World Health Organization and field researchers. <b>Review methods:</b> Systematic review of randomised controlled trials in children aged 1–16 that compared anthelmintic treatment with placebo or no treatment. Assessment of validity and data abstraction conducted independently by two reviewers. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Growth and cognitive performance. <b>Results:</b> Thirty randomised controlled trials in more than 15 000 children were identified. Effects on mean weight were unremarkable, and heterogeneity was evident in the results. There were some positive effects on mean weight change in the trials reporting this outcome: after a single dose (any anthelmintic) the pooled estimates were 0.24 kg (95% confidence interval 0.15 kg to 0.32 kg; fixed effects model assumed) and 0.38 kg (0.01 kg to 0.77 kg; random effects model assumed). Results from trials of multiple doses showed mean weight change in up to one year of follow up of 0.10 kg (0.04 kg to 0.17 kg; fixed effects) or 0.15 kg (0.00 to 0.30; random effects). At more than one year of follow up, mean weight change was 0.12 kg (−0.02 kg to 0.26 kg; fixed effects) and 0.43 (−0.61 to 1.47; random effects). Results from studies of cognitive performance were inconclusive. <b>Conclusions:</b> There is some limited evidence that routine treatment of children in areas where helminths are common has effects on weight gain, but this is not consistent between trials. There is insufficient evidence as to whether this intervention improves cognitive performance.
Abstract 1620: Endothelin-1 Increases Myocardial Distensibility through Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandins Release
Authors: Carmen Bras-Silva, Ana Joana Duarte, Daniela Monteiro-Sousa, Ana Patricia Fontes-Sousa, Adelino F Leite-Moreira
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) increases myocardial distensibility in conditions of cardiac overload, an effect that is mediated by ETA receptors and modulated by the endocardial endothelium (EE). The present...
Renal Transplantation in Patients With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Horst Zincke
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Forty patients (including 37 juvenile diabetic patients) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal failure received 42 renal allografts during the interval from June 1970 to December 1975. Of the 30 patients who are alive (between six and 72 months after transplantation; average, 29 months), 19 have been fully rehabilitated. Gangrene of peripheral extremities occurred in 30% of the survivors. The use of "pretreated" cadaveric kidneys in the diabetic patient may become an attractive alternative to grafts from living related donors. Renal transplantation with living related and pretreated cadaveric donor kidneys is the treatment of choice and is superior to dialysis in the insulin-dependent diabetic patient with end-stage renal disease.
Variations in the Incidence of Surgery
Authors: Charles E. Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract Analysis of records of the Kansas Blue Cross Association shows three to four-fold variations in regional rates for the performance of six common surgical procedures. These variations characterize not only tonsillectomy but also procedures with more definitive indications for surgical intervention such as appendectomy and herniorrhaphy. In the consideration of factors that might be associated with variations in rates among regions, the numbers of beds, Board-certified surgeons and other physicians who perform surgery were found to be significant predictors of the incidence of surgery. Fifty-two per cent of these procedures were performed in hospitals of less than 100 beds.
Imaging of Intravenous Lobular Capillary Hemangioma of Azygos Vein
Authors: Ba Duong Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Intraluminal masses of the azygos vein are of rare occurrence. The differential diagnosis includes bland thrombus, tumor thrombus, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and leiomyosarcoma. To this list, the authors add an uncommon case of intravenous lobular capillary hemangioma, also known as intravenous pyogenic granuloma, of the azygos vein, inducing a recurrent large right pleural effusion. CT, MR, and PET/CT features of this lesion are presented.
HEPARIN FOR PROLONGED COAGULATION TIME
Authors: Irving L. Ershler
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The remarks of de Takats inThe Journal(Oct. 18, 1941, p. 1378) on the unusually prolonged coagulation time in our case of cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis treated with heparin are well received. Since this was the first case of this kind which we were fortunate enough to be able to treat with heparin, we attempted to approximate the regimen which had proved so successful in Schall's hands (The Journal, Aug. 23, 1941, p. 581). We are aware from the experience of others and our own subsequent experience that in cases of uninfected thrombophlebitis a coagulation time approximating twenty minutes seems to be adequate. However, in cases of septic cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis, in which the mortality is admittedly high and the prognosis always grave, it seems to us that a more prolonged coagulation time provides a greater margin of safety. We agree with de Takats that the complication
Patient-Physician Covenant
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Medicine is, at its center, a moral enterprise grounded in a covenant of trust. This covenant obliges physicians to be competent and to use their competence in the patient's best interests. Physicians, therefore, are both intellectually and morally obliged to act as advocates for the sick wherever their welfare is threatened and for their health at all times. Today, this covenant of trust is significantly threatened. From within, there is growing legitimation of the physician's materialistic self-interest; from without, for-profit forces press the physician into the role of commercial agent to enhance the profitability of health care organizations. Such distortions of the physician's responsibility degrade the physician-patient relationship that is the central element and structure of clinical care. To capitulate to these alterations of the trust relationship is to significantly alter the physician's role as healer, carer, helper, and advocate for the sick and for the health of all. By
Phenylhexyl isothiocyanate has dual function as histone deacetylase inhibitor and hypomethylating agent and can inhibit myeloma cell growth by targeting critical pathways
Authors: Quanyi Lu, Xianghua Lin, Jean Feng, Xiangmin Zhao, Ruth Gallagher, Marietta Y Lee, Jen-Wei Chiao, Delong Liu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2008)

Abstract Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a new class of chemotherapeutic agents. Our laboratory has recently reported that phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (PHI), a synthetic isothiocyanate, is an inhibitor of HDAC. In this study we examined whether PHI is a hypomethylating agent and its effects on myeloma cells. RPMI8226, a myeloma cell line, was treated with PHI. PHI inhibited the proliferation of the myeloma cells and induced apoptosis in a concentration as low as 0.5 μM. Cell proliferation was reduced to 50% of control with PHI concentration of 0.5 μM. Cell cycle analysis revealed that PHI caused G1-phase arrest of RPMI8226 cells. PHI induced p16 hypomethylation in a concentration- dependent manner. PHI was further shown to induce histone H3 hyperacetylation in a concentration-dependent manner. It was also demonstrated that PHI inhibited IL-6 receptor expression and VEGF production in the RPMI8226 cells, and reactivated p21 expression. It was found that PHI induced apoptosis through disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. For the first time we show that PHI can induce both p16 hypomethylation and histone H3 hyperacetylation. We conclude that PHI has dual epigenetic effects on p16 hypomethylation and histone hyperacetylation in myeloma cells and targets several critical processes of myeloma proliferation.
The Pressure to Keep Prices High at a Walk-in Clinic
Authors: Randall S. Bock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

IT would be difficult today to be connected to medicine as either a provider or a consumer and not be aware of the existence of free-standing ambulatory care centers. Their usual habitat is along a suburban commercial strip, and their presence is generally announced by a well-lit sign displaying a hyphenated medical name, corporate-logo style. The ambulatory care center, known to much of the public as the "walkin clinic," is less well known to much of the medical community, perhaps because of its newness and the tendency of doctors and their families to visit their colleagues' well-established offices.I intend . . .
ACTION OF METHYLENE BLUE ON BODY TEMPERATURE AND METABOLISM
Authors: P. E. Gregoire
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. Methylene blue injected intravenously in white rats is hyperthermizing or hypothermizing according to the environmental temperature. 2. It causes an increase in metabolism at 28°C. or above. At lower temperature it does not affect, or rather depresses, metabolism. 3. It does not seem likely that its hypermetabolic action is due to catalysis of cell oxidations. 4. In animals exposed to an atmosphere with a high partial pressure of oxygen, methylene blue causes pulmonary edema, much more rapidly than does oxygen alone.
TV: Ella and The Mothers
Authors: A. J. Klotzko
Journal: BMJ (2002)

BBC 1, 10 and 11 August at 9 pm Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> We all know the genre—the made-for-TV drama, loosely or tightly based on a sensational news story. Sometimes these dramas are responsibly handled; far too often, they are not. In Ella and The Mothers , which takes as its starting point the shocking prospect that embryos had mistakenly been implanted in a woman who had not provided the eggs, we have the made-for-TV drama turned on its head. The programme was conceived (no pun intended) before the news story about the mix up at the still unnamed IVF (in vitro fertilisation) clinic that resulted in black twins being born to a white woman. The BBC became the beneficiary of a stroke of marketing good luck. It would be good if viewers could also be beneficiaries and see a programme that would illuminate the psychological trauma that often accompanies IVF treatment as well as explore the medical, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Aldosterone mediates activation of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter through an SGK1 and WNK4 signaling pathway
Authors: David J. Rozansky, Tonya Cornwall, Arohan R. Subramanya, Shaunessy Rogers, Yong-Feng Yang, Larry L. David, Xiaoman Zhu, Chao-Ling Yang, David H. Ellison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Aldosterone regulates volume homeostasis and blood pressure by enhancing sodium reabsorption in the kidney's distal nephron (DN). On the apical surface of these renal epithelia, aldosterone increases expression and activity of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). While the cellular mechanisms by which aldosterone regulates ENaC have been well characterized, the molecular mechanisms that link aldosterone to NCC-mediated Na+/Cl- reabsorption remain elusive. The serine/threonine kinase with-no-lysine 4 (WNK4) has previously been shown to reduce cell surface expression of NCC. Here we measured sodium uptake in a Xenopus oocyte expression system and found that serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), an aldosterone-responsive gene expressed in the DN, attenuated the inhibitory effect of WNK4 on NCC activity. In addition, we showed--both in vitro and in a human kidney cell line--that SGK1 bound and phosphorylated WNK4. We found one serine located within an established SGK1 consensus target sequence, and the other within a motif that was, to our knowledge, previously uncharacterized. Mutation of these target serines to aspartate, in order to mimic phosphorylation, attenuated the effect of WNK4 on NCC activity in the Xenopus oocyte system. These data thus delineate what we believe to be a novel mechanism for aldosterone activation of NCC through SGK1 signaling of WNK4 kinase.
Resolution of Stiff-Man Syndrome with Cortisol Replacement in a Patient with Deficiencies of ACTH, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin
Authors: Thomas M. George, James M. Burke, Paul A. Sobotka, Harry S. Greenberg, Aaron I. Vinik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

THE stiff-man syndrome is an unusual affliction of adults that is characterized by progressive stiffness and painful muscle spasms affecting the axial and limb musculature, with an electromyographic pattern of continuous motor activity at rest.1 The cause of this disorder is not known, but it has been associated with diabetes2 and with thyrotoxicosis.3 Treatment of these endocrine disturbances has not relieved the neuromuscular symptoms. We describe a patient with clinical and electrophysiologic features of stiff-man syndrome associated with deficiencies of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone, and prolactin, whose stiffness resolved with cortisol-replacement therapy.Case ReportA 42-year-old woman was in . . .