tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Supplementation and Respiratory Functions among Workers Exposed to High Levels of Ozone
Authors: ISABELLE ROMIEU, FERNANDO MENESES, MATIANA RAMIREZ, SILVIA RUIZ, ROGELIO PEREZ PADILLA, JUAN JOSE SIENRA, MARIETTE GERBER, LINDA GRIEVINK, RIENEKE DEKKER, INGRID WALDA, BERT BRUNEKREEF
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Ozone exposure has been related to adverse respiratory effects, in particular to lung function decrements. Antioxidant vitamins are free-radical scavengers and could have a protective effect against photo-oxidant exposure. To evaluate whether acute effects of ozone on lung functions could be attenuated by antioxidant vitamin supplementation, we conducted a randomized trial using a double-blind crossover design. Street workers (n = 47) of Mexico City were randomly assigned to take daily a supplement (75 mg vitamin E, 650 mg vitamin C, 15 mg beta carotene) or a placebo and were followed from March to August 1996. Pulmonary function tests were done twice a week at the end of the workday. During the follow-up, the mean 1-h maximum ozone level was 123 ppb (SD = 40). During the first phase, ozone levels were inversely associated with FVC (beta = − 1.60 ml/ppb), FEV1 (beta = − 2.11 ml/ppb), and FEF25–75 (beta = − 4.92 ml/ppb) (p < 0.05) in the placebo group but not in the supplement group. The difference between the two groups was significant for FVC, FEV1, and FEF25–75 (p < 0.01). During the second phase, similar results were observed, but the lung function decrements in the placebo group were smaller, suggesting that the supplementation may have had a residual protective effect on the lung. These results need to be confirmed in larger supplementation studies.
Traumatic oedema of the spinal cord.
Authors: R. T. Nolan
Journal: BMJ (1969)

failure of the valves.'This could not have been the sole cause, or possibly even the main cause.In each of the cases reported by Pierie et al. chemical analysis had shown the presence of substantial quantities of cholesterol and other fats in the silicone balls, and rosette type crystals were found in all altered balls.We have now examined several aortic prostheses removed at necropsy a few weeks after insertion, and in each case fat deposits in the rosette form have been seen on the surface of either silicone or metal ball (Figure x 285)..,.4-...
Development and Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in Human and Subhuman Primate Fetal Gonads*
Authors: JARON RABINOVICI, ROBERT B. JAFFE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1990)

MATURATION and differentiation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis continues throughout childhood, puberty, adult life, and senescence. However, the foundation for normal puberty and adult reproductive function is established during fetal life. Studies of primate fetal endocrinology have indicated that the endocrine system is one of the earliest, if not the earliest, system to develop. This is particularly true for intrauterine gonadal development that is crucial for normal sexual development, which, if impaired, may result in irreparable loss of germ cells, endocrine function, and reproductive potential. An understanding of the mechanisms necessary for normal fetal gonadal development, therefore, is a prerequisite to a rational approach to the management of inadequate gonadal development, whether secondary to endogenous or exogenous factors. Over the past few years, the increasing recognition of factors that regulate gonadal paracrine and autocrine function, as well as the emerging application of molecular biological techniques, have provided new insight into previously unanswered questions of fetal growth and development.
Prostaglandin redirection by thromboxane synthetase inhibition. Attenuation of myocardial stunning in canine heart.
Authors: N E Farber, G J Gross
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We have previously reported that inhibition of thromboxane synthesis results in an improvement in postischemic function in stunned myocardium of dogs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate further the mechanism by which thromboxane synthesis inhibition improves recovery of function in stunned myocardium (15 minutes of coronary occlusion and 3 hours of reperfusion) in barbital anesthetized dogs. The recovery of regional myocardial wall function (percent segment shortening, % SS) following treatment with two doses (0.5 and 10 mg/kg) of a thromboxane receptor blocker, BM 13.505, given prior to coronary occlusion, was not different from that of a control group (3-hour % SS of pretreatment control, PTC, 12 +/- 11) throughout reperfusion (3-hour % SS of PTC with BM 13.505: 0.5 mg/kg 14 +/- 10; 10 mg/kg, 27 +/- 9). In contrast, the specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, dazmegrel (3.0 mg/kg), significantly improved % SS throughout reperfusion (3-hour % SS of PTC, 66 +/- 8). In addition, while dazmegrel produced a marked decrease in thromboxane, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was significantly increased in coronary venous blood throughout the occlusion and reperfusion period. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, had no beneficial effect on functional recovery (3-hour % SS of PTC, 5 +/- 6), attenuated the dazmegrel induced shunting to prostacyclin, and completely prevented the beneficial effects of dazmegrel on functional recovery (3-hour % SS of PTC, 17 +/- 12). Thus, a redirection to endogenous cardioprotective prostanoids, such as prostacyclin, appears to be responsible for the beneficial effect of thromboxane synthesis inhibition on postischemic recovery in stunned myocardium whereas thromboxane does not appear to be an important mediator of the stunning phenomenon.
Preventing hypoxia/reoxygenation damage to hepatocytes by p66shc ablation: Up-regulation of anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic proteins
Authors: Sanae Haga, Keita Terui, Moto Fukai, Yuko Oikawa, Kaikobad Irani, Hiroyuki Furukawa, Satoru Todo, Michitaka Ozaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Salicylic acid attenuates virulence in endovascular infections by targeting global regulatory pathways in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Leon Iri Kupferwasser, Michael R. Yeaman, Cynthia C. Nast, Deborah Kupferwasser, Yan-Qiong Xiong, Marco Palma, Ambrose L. Cheung, Arnold S. Bayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Aspirin has been previously shown to reduce the in vivo virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in experimental endocarditis, through antiplatelet and antimicrobial mechanisms. In the present study, salicylic acid, the major in vivo metabolite of aspirin, mitigated two important virulence phenotypes in both clinical and laboratory S. aureus strains: alpha-hemolysin secretion and fibronectin binding in vitro. In addition, salicylic acid reduced the expression of the alpha-hemolysin gene promoter, hla, and the fibronectin gene promoter, fnbA. Transcriptional analysis, fluorometry, and flow cytometry revealed evidence of salicylic acid-mediated activation of the stress-response gene sigB. Expression of the sigB-repressible global regulon sarA and the global regulon agr were also mitigated by salicylic acid, corresponding to the reduced expression of the hla and fnbA genes in vitro. Studies in experimental endocarditis confirmed the key roles of both sarA and sigB in mediating the antistaphylococcal effects of salicylic acid in vivo. Therefore, aspirin has the potential to be an adjuvant therapeutic agent against endovascular infections that result from S. aureus, by downmodulating key staphylococcal global regulons and structural genes in vivo, thus abrogating relevant virulence phenotypes.
On the Use of the Vectis in Assisting Parturition
Authors: G. D. R. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (1867)

extremities, and abolished all movement.Ile died in i865, at the age of thirteen years.He first came under observation in i86o, in Dr. Duchenne's private practice.Dr. Duchenne informs me that he has been studying this disease for the last eleven years, and that he is now preparing a small work on the subject.Several cases have been recorded on the Continent, and post mortem rexaminations have beentmade.Eftlenberg and Cohnheim exa- mined the body of a child which died of this disease at the age of thir- teen.They found the electro-muscular contractility everwhere; intact.Nothing abnormal was discovered in the nervous and vascular systems.To the touch, the muscles of the lower limbs gave the sensation of a doughy and inelastic mass.They were marked with stripes or strize of
Multiple myeloma presented as acute interstitial nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis‐like polyarthritis
Authors: Mohammad Reza Ardalan, Mohammadali Mohajel Shoja
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Acute interstitial nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or RA‐like polyarthritis are among the very rare paraneoplastic manifestations of multiple myeloma (MM). A 47‐year‐old man with acute renal failure due to interstitial nephritis was admitted to our university hospital and successfully treated with corticosteroid. He later developed a symmetric distal polyarthritis with morning stiffness mimicking RA. On follow‐up, the patient had a rise in serum creatinine, hypercalcemia, anemia, and a monoclonal spike (Bence Jones protein) on the urine protein electrophoresis. Bone marrow biopsy demonstrated a diffuse neoplastic plasma cell infiltration. Diagnosis of MM was made and the patient received chemotherapy. After four‐course chemotherapy, the patient's articular manifestations resolved, urine monoclonal spike disappeared, and serum creatinine returned to a near normal level. We hypothesize that in this case, immunologic hypersensitivity reactions to the light‐chain molecules or other tumoral antigens deposited within the kidney or joint spaces, in the context of MM cytokine milieu may have resulted in this unusual presentation. Ultimately, clinicians and pathologists should consider MM in the differential diagnosis of the acute interstitial nephritis and RA‐like polyarthritis. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mental health patients pose high suicide risk in first two weeks after discharge, inquiry finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Mental health patients are at the highest risk of suicide in the first three months after their discharge from hospital, especially in the first two weeks, latest figures have shown.1

The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness found that, from 2002 to 2012, 3225 suicides by mental health patients occurred in the United Kingdom within three months of discharge, equal to 18% of all patient suicides.

The inquiry, commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership, found that the highest …
The Family Practice Concept Debated-Reply
Authors: David N. Sundwall
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> According to the letter from Dr Ross, the trend to educate family physicians is potentially harmful. Unfortunately, this typifies the "emotional rhetoric" that so frequently clouds the issues related to family practice. So many of the arguments pro and con are opinion, but expressed as fact, and prejudices based on anecdotal experience, not an informed view. Although it is tempting for me to respond to each of Dr Ross's assumptions, to ask for supporting data and/or provide information that would contradict his statements, I will limit myself to the following: <h3>1. Omniscience is a prerequisite to practice family medicine.—</h3> No one with whom I have spoken and who is a family physician or is involved in educating prospective family physicians believes the generalist can "know it all." This is a cruel fallacy. Those physicians who feel they should know it all fail to understand the selectivity that
A Randomized Trial of Ways To Describe Test Accuracy: The Effect on Physicians' Post-Test Probability Estimates
Authors: Milo A. Puhan, Johann Steurer, Lucas M. Bachmann, Gerben ter Riet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Some people believe that likelihood ratios provide diagnostic information that is more useful than sensitivity and specificity estimates. Objective: To assess how physicians' estimates about probability of illness are affected by the presentation of a diagnostic test's value as an estimate of sensitivity and specificity versus a likelihood ratio or an inexact numerical graphic. Design: Random assignment of vignettes with different presentation formats of diagnostic test accuracy. Setting: Auditorium at a continuing medical education conference. Participants: 183 physicians. Intervention: After estimating probabilities of 6 common illnesses described in patient vignettes, physicians reviewed pertinent test results presented in 1 of 3 formats. Measurements: Physicians' probability estimates of illness before and after receiving test information, and post-test probability estimates based on the Bayes theorem. Results: Absolute percentage point differences between the physicians' estimated and the Bayes-based post-test probabilities varied from −7 to 31, from −7 to 28, and from 1 to 29 for the sensitivity and specificity, likelihood ratio, and graphical groups, respectively. Mean differences of probability estimates between the sensitivity and specificity and the likelihood ratio groups were small for all vignettes (−2 to 3 percentage points; summary mean z value across the 6 vignettes, 0.04 [95% CI, −0.14 to 0.21]). Limitations: The small pool of participants (who were potentially selected) and the limited number of vignettes prevented a more detailed analysis of relationships between the interpreted strength of diagnostic evidence and estimations of illness probability. Conclusions: These findings suggest that presenting diagnostic test accuracy with likelihood ratios does not affect some physicians' estimates of illness probability compared with presenting diagnostic test results as sensitivity and specificity.
Consequences of the Quality Improvement Revolution
Authors: Paul C. McGovern
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nonabandonment: Medical Ethics
Authors: Henry P. Kafka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 September 1995Nonabandonment: Medical EthicsHenry P. Kafka, MD, FRCPCHenry P. Kafka, MD, FRCPCNational Defence Medical Center; Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0K6; CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Quill and Cassel [1] stress that nonabandonment is one of physicians' central obligations that reflects a longitudinal commitment to the patient. In some situations, unfortunately, abandonment is beyond the control of the physician or the patient.Abandonment is sometimes brought about by an institution. Take, for example, a patient who loses his job and no longer has health insurance or no longer belongs to a prepaid medical group through his employer and therefore no longer has access to a particular practitioner or facility. Even if the physician chooses to see this patient without remuneration, the health facility ...References1. Quill TE, Cassel CK. Nonabandonment: a central obligation for physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:368-74. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Defence Medical Center; Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0K6; Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 6Page: 473-474KeywordsArmed forcesEmotionsForecastingHealth care facilitiesHealth insuranceMedical ethics Issue Published: 15 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Suppressio Veri; Suggestio Falsi.
Authors: J. M. Foreman
Journal: JAMA (1897)

St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 9, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In consideration of the above and the correspondence between Drs. Woodbridge and Upshur, I propose to give a brief sketch of my experience in typhoid fever in Missouri for over forty years. In the fall of 1853 I had charge of a family of seventeen persons, in age ranging from 1 to 20 years (Dr. C's. family). Called in consultation Dr. McD., a graduate of a Philadelphia medical college. We diagnosed typhoid fever in case one. The patient was about 20 years of age, of sanguine temperament and good health up to that time. Treatment began with a purgative dose of calomel, hot turpentine stupes over the bowels (right iliac region), aromatic sulph. acid as a drink, and Dover's powder at night. The diarrhea was kept within reasonable bounds by the two latter, increasing or lessening the amount according to circumstances.
Concomitant Targeting of Tumor Cells and Induction of T-cell Response Synergizes to Effectively Inhibit Trastuzumab-Resistant Breast Cancer
Authors: Qingfei Wang, Shau-Hsuan Li, Hai Wang, Yi Xiao, Ozgur Sahin, Samuel W. Brady, Ping Li, Hailiang Ge, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, William J. Muller, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Dihua Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Trastuzumab is an iconic rationally designed targeted therapy for HER2-positive breast cancers. However, the low response rate and development of resistance call for novel approaches for the treatment of patients. Here, we report that concurrent targeting of tumor cells and activation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment results in a synergistic inhibitory effect on tumor growth and overcomes resistance in two distinct PTEN loss-mediated trastuzumab-resistant mammary tumor mouse models. In vivo combination treatment with HER2/Neu antibody and Akt inhibitor triciribine effectively inhibited tumor growth in both models via inhibiting PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling accompanied by increased T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. We showed that both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells were essential to the optimal antitumor effect of this combination treatment in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Importantly, the antitumor activities of HER2/Neu antibody and triciribine combination treatment were further improved when coinhibitory receptor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 was blocked to enhance the T-cell response. Our data indicate that multitargeted combinatorial therapies targeting tumor cells and concomitantly enhancing T-cell response in the tumor microenvironment could cooperate to exert maximal therapeutic activity, suggesting a promising clinical strategy for treating trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers and other advanced malignancies.
Endothelin-1 in Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With High-Altitude Exposure
Authors: Stefan Goerre, Markus Wenk, Peter Bärtsch, Thomas F. Lüscher, Feraydoon Niroomand, Elke Hohenhaus, Oswald Oelz, Walter H. Reinhart
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Endothelin-1 is involved in chronic pulmonary hypertension. Its role in acute pulmonary hypertension due to hypoxia in humans is not clear. We therefore studied the influence of hypoxia caused by exposure to high altitude on plasma endothelin-1 levels, arterial blood gases, and pulmonary arterial pressure in subjects taking nifedipine or placebo. Methods and Results Twenty-two healthy volunteers were investigated at low altitude (490 m) and high altitude (4559 m). Arterial blood gases were analyzed immediately, endothelin-1 was measured by radioimmunoassay, and pulmonary artery pressure was assessed by Doppler echocardiography. After baseline investigations, the mountaineers were allocated in a randomized double-blind fashion to receive either placebo or nifedipine (20 mg TID) during rapid ascent to high altitude within 22 hours. Tests were repeated at the high-altitude research laboratories located in the Capanna “Regina Margherita” (Italy, 4559 m). Plasma endothelin-1 was increased twofold at high altitude (5.9±2.2 pg/mL compared with 2.9±1.1 pg/mL, P &lt;.05), was inversely related to arterial P o 2 ( r =−.46, P &lt;.001), and correlated with pulmonary artery pressure ( r =.52, P &lt;.002). At high altitude, arterial endothelin-1 was lower (4.3±1.6 pg/mL) than venous endothelin-1 (5.9±2.2 pg/mL, P &lt;.001), indicating either predominant production in the venous vasculature or pronounced clearance in the pulmonary circulation. The calcium antagonist nifedipine, which lowered pulmonary artery pressure at high altitude (32±5 versus 42±11 mm Hg, P &lt;.05), had no influence on plasma endothelin-1 levels. The administration of 35% O 2 at high altitude normalized arterial P o 2 , tended to decrease endothelin-1, and decreased pulmonary artery pressure accordingly. Conclusions We conclude that plasma endothelin-1 is increased at high altitude, but whether or not it represents an important pathogenetic factor for pulmonary hypertension remains to be investigated.
IgE‐sensitization to predatory mites and respiratory symptoms in Swedish greenhouse workers
Authors: M. Kronqvist, E. Johansson, B. Kolmodin‐Hedman, H. Öman, M. Svartengren, M. van Hage‐Hamsten
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Predatory mites are used as biological pesticides worldwide for control of spider mites and other pests in greenhouses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of occupational exposure to Phytoseiulus persimilis and Hypoaspis miles on IgE sensitization among a large group of Swedish greenhouse workers and to examine the relationship between exposure and allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. Methods: A total of 96 greenhouse workers from the southern part of Sweden, who were using the predatory mites for control of pests, were investigated with a questionnaire and a medical examination including lung function test. Blood samples were taken to test for allergen‐specific IgE antibodies to Phytoseiulus persimilis and Hypoaspis miles as well as to Tetranychus urticae , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus / farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae . Results: Seventeen of the 96 workers were positive in ImmunoCAP to predatory mites: 17 to P. persimilis (17.7%) and 14 to H. miles (14.6%). Subjects sensitized to predatory mites were significantly more often atopic (13/17), defined as a positive Phadiatop, than those who lacked IgE against these mite species (17/79) ( P &lt; 0.01). IgE antibodies to the red spider mite T. urticae were present among 23 subjects. Thirty‐five of the investigated subjects displayed a positive ImmunoCAP to at least one of the investigated mite species. Furthermore, sensitization to any of the mites tested was significantly associated with asthma (OR = 9.3) and rhinoconjunctivitis (OR = 4.3). Conclusions: IgE sensitization to predatory mites, P. persimilis and H. miles , is common among greenhouse workers. The findings stress the importance of improved allergen avoidance in greenhouse environments.