tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nerve Sprouting and Sympathetic Hyperinnervation in a Canine Model of Atrial Fibrillation Produced by Prolonged Right Atrial Pacing
Authors: Che-Ming Chang, Tsu-Juey Wu, Shengmei Zhou, Rahul N. Doshi, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Toshihiko Ohara, Michael C. Fishbein, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Peng-Sheng Chen, Lan S. Chen
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Long-term rapid atrial pacing may result in atrial fibrillation (AF) in dogs. Whether there is histological evidence for neural remodeling is unclear. Method and Results —We performed rapid right atrial pacing in 6 dogs for 111±76 days to induce sustained AF. Tissues from 6 healthy dogs were used as controls. Immunocytochemical staining of cardiac nerves was performed using anti–growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) and anti–tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibodies. In dogs with AF, the density of GAP43-positive and TH-positive nerves in the right atrium was 470±406 and 231±126 per mm 2 , respectively, which was significantly ( P &lt;0.001) higher than the nerve density in control tissues (25±32 and 88±40 per mm 2 , respectively). The density of GAP43-positive and TH-positive nerves in the atrial septum was 317±36 and 155±85 per mm 2 , respectively, and was significantly ( P &lt;0.001) higher than the nerve density in control tissues (9±13 and 30±7 per mm 2 , respectively). Similarly, the density of GAP43-positive and TH-positive nerves in the left atrium of dogs with AF was 119±61 and 91±40 per mm 2 , respectively, which was significantly ( P &lt;0.001) higher than the nerve density in control tissues (10±15 and 38±39 per mm 2 , respectively). Furthermore, in dogs with AF, the right atrium had a significantly higher nerve density than the left atrium. Microscopic examinations revealed an inhomogeneous distribution of cardiac nerves within each sampling site. Conclusions —Significant nerve sprouting and sympathetic hyperinnervation are present in a canine model of sustained AF produced by prolonged right atrial pacing. The magnitude of nerve sprouting and hyperinnervation was higher in the right atrium than in the left atrium.
Tertiary lymphoid tissues in the colon: Friend and foe
Authors: Matthias Lochner
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

In mammals, a variety of different lymphoid tissues have evolved as an integral part of the immune system that allows the host to survive in a sometimes hostile environment. While the development of secondary lymphoid organs is programmed in the fetus, the induction of other lymphoid structures like isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) in the gut or tertiary lymphoid tissues (tLT) need additional external triggers after birth. It is well established that for the development of secondary lymphoid organs, as well as ILFs, RORgt expressing lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells play an important role. Yet, the requirement of these cells for tLT induction, especially in the gut, was less clear. Here, I will discuss recent data demonstrating that RORgt expressing LTi cells are not required for the development of tLT in the colon. In contrast, such structures even develop spontaneously in the absence of RORgt. In RORgt-/- mice, this is part of the host's strategy to establish a viable homeostasis between the intestinal microbiota and the host, despite the loss of important components of the intestinal immune system in these mice. Although this highlights the amazing capacity of the immune system for adaptation, I will also discuss the adverse effects of such a compensatory immune mechanism for the host.
Atrial Septal Defect: Echocardiographic Observations
Authors: WALLACE E. RADTKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Previous studies on small numbers of patients have indicated a high incidence of increased right ventricular dimension and abnormal ventricular septal motion in patients with atrial septal defect. However, recent evidence suggests that septal motion may be normal in as many as 46% of patients with atrial septal defect when observed at proper levels. We have analyzed the echocardiograms of 120 patients with sinus venosus or secundum atrial septal defect in an attempt to define sensitivity of the foregoing two echocardiographic abnormalities. Right ventricular dimension index was increased in 98% of patients. When both sides of the ventricular septum were analyzed, abnormal ventricular septal motion was observed in 87% of patients. It is important to observe both right and left septal echoes at all levels. Other measurements and observations were made when possible and are included in the study.
Method of Evaluating Children With Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: P. R. Exelby
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1971)

During the past ten years, megavolt age radiotherapy has changed the once hopeless prognosis for children with Hodgkin's disease.The effectiveness of this therapy depends on identifying all involved areas.In children it is also es sential that healthy, growing tissue be spared as much as possible.Evaluation of accessible and enlarged nodes in the neck, axilbae and inguinal regions is easily made by clinical exam ination and biopsy, and mediastinal nodal involvement can be accurately as sessed by chest X-ray.However, for many years, detecting intraabdominal disease was difficult.There were many patients in whom cervical nodal disease had apparently been controlled by radiation therapy, but who subsequently died because ab dominal involvement was not discovered in time.Determining the presence or absence of mediastinal nodal enlarge ment by X-ray does not indicate which children will go on to develop intraab dominal disease.Lower extremity lymphangiography was the first advance in detecting ab dominal Hodgkin's disease.(Fig. 1.)Even though many unsuspected cases of abdominal involvement were dis
Cardiac problems in pregnancy. I. Maternal aspects: the approach to the pregnant patient with heart disease
Authors: U. Elkayam
Journal: JAMA (1984)

RAPID progress in the field of cardiology during the past decade has resulted in the development of new technology and its application to more sophisticated diagnosis and therapy. This development has led to vast improvements in the medical care available to all cardiac patients, including pregnant women. These developments, it seems, should have made it possible now for most cardiac patients to carry a pregnancy to a successful outcome. The purpose of this article is therefore to assess the recommended current approach to treatment of the pregnant patient with heart disease in view of recent progress in cardiovascular medicine. The approach to medical care in the cardiac patient has gone through a significant liberalization process over the years. While the early literature viewed pregnancy as contraindicated for all patients with valvular heart disease,<sup>1</sup>later reports suggested that therapeutic abortions are rarely indicated for patients with heart disease.<sup>2</sup>In
Equity of access to renal transplant waiting list and renal transplantation in Scotland: cohort study
Authors: G. C Oniscu
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Objective To examine the access to the renal transplant waiting list and renal transplantation in Scotland. Design Cohort study. Setting Renal and transplant units in Scotland. Participants 4523 adults starting renal replacement therapy in Scotland between 1 January 1989 and 31 December 1999. Main outcome measures Impact of age, sex, social deprivation, primary renal disease, renal or transplant unit, and geography on access to the waiting list and renal transplantation. Results 1736 of 4523 (38.4%) patients were placed on the waiting list for renal transplantation and 1095 (24.2%) underwent transplantation up to 31 December 2000, the end of the study period. Patients were less likely to be placed on the list if they were female, older, had diabetes, were in a high deprivation category, and were treated in a renal unit in a hospital with no transplant unit. Patients living furthest away from the transplant centre were listed more quickly. The only factors governing access to transplantation once on the list were age, primary renal disease, and year of listing. A significant centre effect was found in access to the waiting list and renal transplantation. Conclusions A major disparity exists in access to the renal transplant waiting list and renal transplantation in Scotland. Comorbidity may be an important factor.
Quality-of-Care Appraisal in Primary Care: A Quantitative Method
Authors: JOHN C. SIBLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A reproduceable method has been developed for measuring the quality of clinical care provided by physicians and nurse practitioners. The distinctive features of the method are the extended use of the tracer disease concepts, the evaluation of referrals, new procedures for probing the clinical operation of practices, a single blind design, emphasis on the use of the untouched medical record, the ability to compare results with measurements of concurrent outcome, and a relatively low cost. Three simultaneous approaches used in the method are described: surveillance of the management of indicator conditions, evaluation of clinical use drugs, and the assessment of referral decisions. The three approaches gave consistently similar results about the relative performances of the practices compared and were in agreement with concurrent outcome studies. The method was successfully implemented in a health care experiment.
Small Adenomas Detected During Fecal Occult Blood Test Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: David F. Ransohoff, Christopher A. Lang
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Yearly fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) has been recommended for men and women over age 50 years as part of a screening regimen intended to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. The primary targets of screening are early, surgically curable colon cancers and large adenomatous colon polyps; however, screening may sometimes reveal only small adenomas (ie, &lt;1 cm in diameter). To assess the rates and mechanisms of FOBT detection of small adenomas, we performed quantitative analyses utilizing estimates of adenoma bleeding rates and FOBT sensitivity and specificity. The analysis suggests that the mechanism of detection of small adenomas is often chance or serendipity. This occurs when an FOBT result is "falsely" positive because of diet or non-neoplastic gastrointestinal bleeding and leads to colonoscopic discovery of a nonbleeding small adenoma. Nevertheless, small adenomas remain undetected in most persons who have them, even if repeated yearly FOBT screening is done. The identification of persons with small adenomas should not be assumed to be an important beneficial outcome of FOBT screening, because the clinical significance of small adenomas is not clear, the mechanism of detection is serendipity, and only a minority of persons with small adenomas are identified. The current recommendations to perform periodic surveillance colonoscopy following removal of small adenomas detected during FOBT screening should be reexamined. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:76-78)
Selective gene expression in failing human heart. Quantification of steady-state levels of messenger RNA in endomyocardial biopsies using the polymerase chain reaction.
Authors: A M Feldman, P E Ray, C M Silan, J A Mercer, W Minobe, M R Bristow
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Evaluation of gene expression in failing human heart has been limited by the availability of cardiac tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess gene expression in small quantities of failing and nonfailing human heart. PCR is a powerful new molecular biological tool that allows a small quantity of DNA to be amplified as much as 1 million-fold. Total RNA was extracted from 3-5 mg samples of human heart and reverse-transcribed to complementary DNA (cDNA). With selected oligonucleotide primers, we used PCR to amplify cDNAs encoding atrial natriuretic peptide, beta-myosin heavy chain, phospholamban, and cytoskeletal beta-actin. To quantify the relative levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) in human heart, a known amount of a control RNA was present in the reverse transcription and PCR reactions. The amount of mRNA in the sample could therefore be assessed in relation to the amount of control product. The control RNA was transcribed from a synthetic DNA template containing primers complementary to those used to amplify the cDNAs of interest. Atrial natriuretic factor mRNA could not be detected in nonfailing human heart but was abundant in ventricular myocardium from failing human heart. In contrast, steady-state levels of phospholamban mRNA decreased, whereas levels of beta-myosin heavy-chain mRNA were unchanged with heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in gene expression in the failing human heart appear to be selective. In addition, the present study suggests that PCR provides a rapid and economical way to quantify the expression of multiple genes of interest in endomyocardial biopsy specimens and may therefore be used to advance our understanding of heart muscle disease.
Neural behaviorism: From brain evolution to human emotion at the speed of an action potential
Authors: Jaak Panksepp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Rolls shares important data on hunger, thirst, sexuality, and learned behaviors, but is it pertinent to understanding the fundamental nature of emotionality? Important as such work is for understanding the motivated behaviors of animals, Rolls builds a constructivist theory of emotions and primary-process affective consciousness without considering past evidence on specific types of emotional tendencies and their diverse neural substrates.
La coloscopie avec chromo-endoscopie à l'indigo carmin détecte deux fois plus d'adénomes que la coloscopie standard chez les patients HNPCC: étude prospective, randomisée, multicentrique française
Authors: C Cellier, T Maniere, D Malka, S Chaussade, M Lerun, R Guimbaud, MG Lapalus, A Le Sidaner, D Moussata, B Landi, B Boboc, P Zimmermann, JP Barbieux, M Gaudric, E Coron, K Barange, T Ponchon, D Sautereau, J Saurin, T Lecomte
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Rationnel: Les patients HNPCC ont un risque très élevé de cancer colo-rectal (CCR) justifiant un dépistage coloscopique précoce. Dans cette population l'intérêt potentiel d'une chromo-endoscopie à l'indigo carmin repose sur des études monocentriques de faible effectif. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer le gain diagnostique d'une chromo-endoscopie associée à la coloscopie pour la détection des adénomes.
THE SURVIVAL OF YELLOW FEVER VIRUS IN CULTURES
Authors: Paul A. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. The virus of yellow fever has been found to survive in artificial culture media for at least 12 days at a temperature of 35 degrees C. No visible growth has been present and no reproduction of the virus has been demonstrated. 2. Infections have been obtained in rhesus monkeys with two strains of virus in quantities as small as 0.00001 cc. of infectious blood, and with one strain in an amount probably as minute as 0.000001 cc.
Using siRNA in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens against SARS coronavirus in Rhesus macaque
Authors: Bao-jian Li, Qingquan Tang, Du Cheng, Chuan Qin, Frank Y Xie, Qiang Wei, Jun Xu, Yijia Liu, Bo-jian Zheng, Martin C Woodle, Nanshan Zhong, Patrick Y Lu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Principal author of PRIDE study responds to news story in The BMJ claiming that the study was based on "flawed" analysis
Authors: J. S. Nguyen-Van-Tam
Journal: BMJ (2014)

On 19 March 2014, researchers from the PRIDE (Post-pandemic Review of anti-Influenza Drug Effectiveness) Consortium published the first outputs from a project investigating the effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors against outcomes of public health importance during the 2009 flu pandemic in the Lancet Respiratory Medicine .1 2 The headline results suggested that neuraminidase inhibitors were associated with statistically significant reductions in mortality: overall adjusted odds ratio 0.81 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.93; P=0.0024) versus no treatment and 0.50 …
Altered gene expression of prostacyclin synthase and prostacyclin receptor in the thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Yasushi Numaguchi, Mitsunori Harada, Hiroyuki Osanai, Kazunori Hayashi, Yukio Toki, Kenji Okumura, Takayuki Ito, Tetsuo Hayakawa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of prostacyclin (PGI2) in the pathogenesis of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Measurement of mRNA and protein levels of PGH synthase (PGHS)-1, PGI2 synthase and the PGI2 receptor, in the thoracic aorta was performed in SHR aged 5, 10, 20, and 40 weeks old and in age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with a competitive polymerase chain reaction method and immunoblotting. Aortic production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the main metabolite of PGI2, was also measured.Compared with age-matched WKY rats, PGHS-1 mRNA and protein levels in the thoracic aorta of SHR increased with age, reaching three- and twofold higher than WKY rats at 40 weeks old, respectively. PGI2 synthase mRNA and protein levels in SHR were significantly higher than in WKY rats at 20 and 40 weeks old. In contrast, PGI2 receptor mRNA levels in SHR were consistently lower than in WKY rats at all ages.These results provide evidence that hypertension elicits alterations in levels of arachidonic acid metabolites, including PGH2 and PGI2. They also suggest that the decreased expression of PGI2 receptor mRNA in prehypertensive SHR could be one of the causes of hypertension in SHR.
Incidence of allergic rhinitis in general practice, 1981-92
Authors: A M Ross, D M Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To determine the epidemiology of hay fever and to consider the role of pollution. <b>Design</b> : Examination of data on weekly incidence of allergic rhinitis and hay fever by age, sex, region,20and location. <b>Setting</b> : Royal College of General Practitioners Weekly Returns Service. Practice data were based on registered populations of 220 000 in 1981, rising to 700 000 in 1992 from England and Wales. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Numbers of new cases of hay fever and allergic rhinitis. Data on pollen counts for Darlington, Derby, and London. Results - The incidence of allergic rhinitis fluctuated greatly from year to year but showed no trend. Peaks in hay fever coincided with peak pollen counts. No important differences were found between urban and rural locations or different parts of the country with respect to both size and timing of the peaks. Incidence was highest in children (5-14 years). <b>Conclusions</b> : The similarity of the results throughout England and Wales does not support an important role for local pollutants in hay fever. However, the possibility that levels of pollutants are high enough to act as an adjuvant in hay fever across the whole study area has not been excluded.
Morbidity Reports, Not Mortality Statistics, the Index to the Prevalence of a Disease
Authors: Rupert Blue
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To the Editor:  —InThe Journalof Jan. 11, 1913, p. 129, the editorial entitled Distribution of Pellagra in the United  contains certain statements which I believe may give a wrong impression, a thing I know you are anxious to avoid. The passage in question is as follows:  Although it is outside the province of the United States Public Health Service to collect such statistics, Lavinder, of that service, has attempted to gather figures concerning the prevalence and distribution of pellagra in the United States. The pellagra area lies to a large extent outside the registration area of the country and the figures obtainable through the United States Census Bureau are almost a negligible quantity.  Section 8 of an act of Congress entitled, An act to increase the efficiency and change the name of the United States Marine-Hospital Service, approved July 1, 1902, reads:  Sec. 8. That to secure
Basophil histamine release induced by anti‐IgE and concanavalin A Relation to the total plasma IgE content
Authors: B. Windelborg Nielsen, B. Hansen, T. M. E. Damsgaard, T. Herlin, U. Søderberg, T. Bjerke, K. Thestrup‐Pedersen, P. O. SchiØtz
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A) has been shown to induce basophil histamine release by an IgE‐receptor‐dependent process resembling that of anti‐IgE‐antibodies. In this study, the concentration‐response for basophil histamine release from washed blood cells was analyzed in a population of blood samples from adults with a total plasma IgE content ranging from &lt; 5 kU/l to &gt; 18000 kU/l ( n = 108), as well as 148 cord blood samples. The concentration‐response‐curves for anti‐IgE in all adult blood samples were similar, despite the large variation in total plasma IgE ‐ only the cord blood samples showed a decreased sensitivity. In contrast, the optimal concentration of Con A was inversely related to plasma IgE, and this relation was most pronounced in the adult blood samples. It is proposed that IgE‐receptor‐mediated histamine release may be dependent not only on the number of stimulatory, dimeric cross‐links formed between IgE‐receptors, but also on the molecular structure of the cross‐linking agent.
The relationship between asthma and suicidal behaviours: a systematic literature review
Authors: Emma Barker, Kairi Kõlves, Diego De Leo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic condition worldwide, and is particularly common in younger people compared to other chronic conditions. Asthma can result in a number of symptoms that are detrimental to the quality of life of sufferers. The aim of the present systematic literature review was to analyse the existing literature on the relationship between asthma and fatal and nonfatal suicidal behaviours. Articles were retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest and Web of Knowledge. We searched for the terms (suicid* OR self-harm) AND (asthma* OR “bronchial hyperreactivity”) published in English-language peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and December 2014. Original research papers providing empirical evidence about the potential link between asthma and suicidal behaviours were included. The initial search identified 746 articles. Specific limiting criteria reduced the number of articles to the 19 articles that were finally included in the systematic review. The review found a potential link between asthma and suicide mortality, ideation and attempts across the age groups. Limitations of the review include the restriction to English-language papers published within the chosen time period, the limited number of papers involving suicide mortality, and the fact that the majority of papers originated from the USA.
Early use of beta-blockade in complicated myocardial infarction: The VALIANT trial
Authors: Robert M. Califf, Marc A. Pfeffer, John J. McMurray, Aldo P. Maggioni, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Lars Kober, Frans J. Van de Werf, Jeffrey D. Leimberger, Marc Henis, Susan Edwards, Mary Ann Sellers, Helmut Drexler, Jiri Kvasnicka, Jiri Spac, Martin Myers, Eric J. Velazquez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)