tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patent Omphalomesenteric Duct Demonstrated by Intestinal Transit Scintigraphy
Authors: F Minutoli, G Restifo Pecorella, S Pulizzi, N Turiaco, B Zuccarello, S Baldari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Patency of the omphalomesenteric duct is a rare congenital condition. It results from incomplete obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct lumen during fetal life. Patent omphalomesenteric duct may be associated with umbilical discharge. We report on a 1-month-old patient, with discharging umbilicus, due to a patent omphalomesenteric duct. The correct diagnosis was suggested by intestinal transit scintigraphy, which demonstrated the presence of leakage of a radioactive meal into the gauze covering the umbilicus. In this patient, ultrasonographic examination was inconclusive and fistulogram failed to reveal any abnormality.
Abstract 1956: The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional factor ATOH8 promotes the stemness of breast cancer cells via Oct4 and Nanog
Authors: Antao Chang, Yanan Chen, Wenzhi Shen, Ruifang Gao, Wei Zhou, Yunping Luo, Na Luo, Dwayne Stupack, Rong Xiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women with a high incidence of recurrence and eventual treatment failure. The last decade has yielded substantial evidence that cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to tumor relapse, metastasis and chemoresistance. CSCs are regulated by complex interactions with the components of the tumor microenvironment through networks of cytokines and growth factors, including the IL6-STAT3 signaling pathway. Although the IL6 signaling pathway has been extensively characterized, the network of effector genes and proteins that regulates the CSC population remains poorly understood. Here, we show that ATOH8 is a downstream effector of IL6-STAT3 signaling which promotes the stemness of breast cancer cells. ATOH8 is significantly increased after IL6 stimulation and can be directly regulated by STAT3. Ectopic expression of ATOH8 in 4T1 or T-47D cells is sufficient to increases the CSC sub-population and enhances tumorogenesis in mice. Mechanistically, ATOH8 promotes the expression of Oct3/4 and Nanog, key regulators of CSC renewed. Accordingly, Knock-down of ATOH8 in EMT6 or MDA-MB-231 cells is associated with decreased expression of Oct3/4 and Nanog and reduces the CSC sub-population. In patients, ATOH8 expression is a negative prognostic indicator for overall survival. Together, the results identify ATOH8 as a downstream effector of IL6-STAT3 signaling that compromises long-term surviving in breast cancer. Citation Format: Antao Chang, Yanan Chen, Wenzhi Shen, Ruifang Gao, Wei Zhou, Yunping Luo, Na Luo, Dwayne Stupack, Rong Xiang. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional factor ATOH8 promotes the stemness of breast cancer cells via Oct4 and Nanog. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1956. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1956
"Baby alarm" in hospital care of infants with pertussis.
Authors: S J Chapman, S Day, D Jordon
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Vitamin B12 for vegans SIR,-Your expert errs in stating (11 June, p 1525) that "there are no measurable amounts of vitamin B 2 in any known plant."Seaweeds, including those growing round our shores, are good sources,1 2about 100 g a day furnishing the daily requirement of the vitamin (as well as useful amounts of vitamins A and B. and arachidonic acid).The nodules on the roots of nitrogen-fixing plants are very rich sources of Vitamin B52, although they are not usually eaten.Yeast from wine-making contains the vitamin, and a pint of cider may contain nearly 1 ,ug.Even vitamin D occurs, in water-soluble form, in some plants.We would be happy to provide doctors and dietitians with our list of commonly available vegetarian and vegan sources of vitamin B 12-
Intravenous prednisolone in chronic bronchial asthma.
Authors: R Ellul-Micallef, F F Fenech
Journal: Thorax (1975)

A single injection of 40 mg prednisolone phosphate was given to 10 patients with chronic bronchial asthma. Changes in pulmonary function were followed over a 30-hour period. Statistically significant changes occurred in the tests employed one hour after the injection of prednisolone. The maximum change for the group as a whole was seen to occur after eight hours. This time course of response is very similar to that obtained in previous studies on similar groups of patients with oral prednisolone where the peak effect occurred nine hours after the drug had been given. Intravenous hydrocortisone produces a much earlier peak effect, at five hours, when it is administered to chronic asthmatic patients.
Studies on oxygen and extracellular fluid restrictions in cultured heart cells: high energy phosphate metabolism
Authors: R. VEMURI, J. W. DE JONG, J. A J HEGGE, T. HUIZER, M. HELLER, A. PINSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Although cultured heart cells are increasingly used for the study of cardiac metabolism, relatively little is known about their energy turnover. We studied the effects of anoxia with simultaneous restrictions of the volume of the extracellular medium ("ischaemia") on high energy phosphate catabolism in cells from neonatal rat ventricles, cultured for 5 days. The cells were incubated for up to 4 h in Ham-F10 medium either in the presence or in the absence of glucose. High energy phosphates in cell extracts and AMP catabolites in the incubation medium were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. ATP and creatine phosphate content in normoxic cells did not change significantly, either in the presence or absence of glucose, and the values were similar to those found in the heart in vivo. Energy rich phosphates decreased during anoxia, and were more rapidly depleted during simultaneous oxygen deprivation and volume restriction. Glucose delayed the decline in high energy phosphates. In the presence of glucose, hypoxanthine uptake was higher during normoxia than in anoxia, whereas in "ischaemic" conditions some hypoxanthine was produced. In the absence of glucose, only minor changes were observed in hypoxanthine levels during anoxia, but hypoxanthine production was marked when anoxia was coupled with extracellular volume restriction. Adenosine levels were below the limit of detection. Inosine release was relatively low under all conditions. Xanthine release did not show variation, and anoxia suppressed urate production. Oxygen and glucose deprivation thus led to various degrees of ATP and creatine phosphate breakdown in cultured neonatal heart cells both during anoxia and in simulated "ischaemia".
146 A more severe hepatitis C recurrence (HCVR) post liver transplantation (OLT) observed in recent years may be explained by the use of lower-dose corticosteroid (CS) maintenance protocols
Authors: C FASOLA, G NETTO, N ONACA, M THOMAS, E SANCHEZ, S CHINNAKOTLA, R GOLDSTEIN, M LEVY, G DAVIS, G KLINTMALM
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Use of Different Tissue Thromboplastins in the Control of Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: MARC VERSTRAETE, PATRICIA A. CLARK, IRVING S. WRIGHT
Journal: Circulation (1957)

As anticoagulant therapy has become more widespread and a greater knowledge has been accumulated regarding the mode of action of coumarin derivatives, problems arising from the use of different thromboplastin preparations have been subjected to greater scrutiny. This paper presents an evaluation of the dependability and significance of different types of tissue thromboplastin in the determination of effects of coumarin derivatives. The main difference between thromboplastin extracts seems to be that brain preparations have a factor VII-like activity. As the exact evaluation of factor VII activity appears to be of primary importance in patients treated with coumarin derivatives, a thromboplastin preparation that does not contain factor VII activity is recommended.
TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY ANAPHYLAXIS (ASTHMA) FROM MOTHER TO OFFSPRING
Authors: Bret Ratner, Helen Lee Gruehl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

Rabbits immunized intravenously with living culture or nucleoproteins of non-hemolytic streptococci react to subsequent intracutaneous inoculations with homologous streptococci with smaller and harder lesions than are shown by normal animals similarly inoculated; and they do not develop the general manifestations of hypersensitiveness such as are shown by animals previously inoculated into the tissues with the same cultures. A rabbit may react to intracutaneous inoculation with non-hemolytic streptococci in one of four ways, depending on whether it is normal, hypersensitive, immune or cachectic. Most normal animals show a secondary reaction about 10 days after inoculation with suitable strains of non-hemolytic streptococci; hypersensitive, allergic, or hyperergic animals show much larger lesions than do normals with the corresponding doses of the same streptococci, and practically never show secondary reactions; immune animals show smaller and harder early lesions and usually do not have secondary reactions if they are fairly well immunized. Cachectic animals show very soft and rapidly fading primary reactions and no secondary reactions.
Measuring Sun Damage at the Grocery Store
Authors: Chante Karimkhani, Laura S. Huff, Robert P. Dellavalle
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Involvement of Metalloproteinases 2/9 in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation in Pressure-Induced Myogenic Tone in Mouse Mesenteric Resistance Arteries
Authors: Pamela A. Lucchesi, Abdelkarim Sabri, Souad Belmadani, Khalid Matrougui
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation is a mediator of angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from large arteries. The present study used mouse mesenteric resistance arteries (MRAs) to investigate the role of EGFR transactivation under pressure-induced myogenic tone (MT).Isolated MRAs were mounted in an arteriograph and stimulated by 25 to 125 mm Hg or with Ang II and KCl. Stepwise increases in pressure resulted in MT development associated with increased EGFR phosphorylation and release of heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), a membrane-bound growth factor that is shed on cleavage by metalloproteinases. EGF (50 ng/mL) potentiated MT (59+/-1% to 51+/-0.6% of passive diameter at 75 mm Hg). Pretreatment with the EGFR inhibitors AG1478 (5 micromol/L) or PD153035 (1 micromol/L) significantly decreased MT. However, EGFR inhibitors had no effect on Ang II- and KCl-induced contraction. MT was potentiated by HB-EGF, 50 ng/mL, which is bound to the cell membrane and released on cleavage by metalloproteinases. Neutralizing HB-EGF antibodies or heparin treatment to sequester HB-EGF resulted in significant inhibition of pressure-induced MT. MT increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP-9 gelatinase activity assessed by zymography, and specific MMP 2/9 inhibitors significantly decreased MT.These novel findings suggest that the mechanism of pressure-induced MT involves metalloproteinases 2/9 activation with subsequent HB-EGF release and EGFR transactivation.
Starting insulin therapy in elderly patients
Authors: T J Hendra
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

The management of diabetes in an elderly person requires an individualized strategy that takes account of age-related changes in function and cognition and recognizes that life expectancy may be limited by non-diabetes-related disease. For elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, insulin is safe provided that a multidisciplinary diabetes team starts it carefully with defined aims, including avoidance of hypoglycaemia.

In hospital patients with type 2 diabetes, insulin may be part of the initial management of myocardial infarction1, acute illness, hyperosmolar coma and major surgery2. Insulin may also be indicated in the acute management of stroke3. In outpatients the usual reason for insulin therapy is poor glycaemic control manifested by hyperglycaemic symptoms and/or weight loss. Non-specific ill-health or malaise associated with chronic hyperglycaemia is another indication4.

Why does the approach to elderly patients differ from that in younger type 2 patients? Important considerations include:



Greater comorbidity caused by multiple pathology, as well as ill-health associated with specific conditions such as impaired cognitive function, depression, inflammatory arthropathy, and cardiac or renal failure


Age-related changes in functional ability and the senses, affecting the patient's ability to administer insulin, monitor blood glucose and manage hypoglycaemia


The expectation that treatment goals and the patient's ability to administer insulin and monitor glucose levels will soon change with ageing and increasing frailty


Social isolation in the community or, for those in care homes, dependency upon formal carers who are not adequately trained in diabetes management.
Is parenteral methotrexate worth trying?
Authors: A OSMAN
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background:</h3> Rheumatology has entered the era of biosimilar drugs. Compared with the original approved biological drug, a biosimilar has highly similar physiochemical characteristics and biological activity<sup>1</sup>. There is also equivalent efficacy and no clinically meaningful differences in safety and immunogenicity<sup>1</sup>. Substantial cost savings can be made by starting both biological-naive patients and switching patients receiving original biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) to biosimilar DMARDs (bsDMARDs)<sup>2</sup>. We present our experience of switching to biosimilars at Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK. <h3>Objectives:</h3> To assess the adherence to bsDMARDs in patients switched from original bDMARDs and to identify factors affecting adherence <h3>Methods:</h3> We identified 69 patients on etanercept and 101 patients on adalimumab who were switched to bsDMARDs. We used patient clinical records and DA28 scores held in our database to assess the response to treatment and identify patients who were switched back to original bDMARD. We also identified the reason for switching back to bDMARDs and any safety concerns were also analysed. <h3>Results:</h3> Retention rate was 79.71% (55/69) in biosimilar etanercept and 90.10% (91/101) in biosimilar adalimumab group respectively. The overall failure rate was 20.29% (14/69) in biosimilar etanercept and 9.90% (10/101) in biosimilar adalimumab group. 15.94% (11/69) in biosimilar etanercept and 7.92% (8/101) in biosimilar adalimumab group were switched back to original bDMARD due to perceived disease flare. Control was regained in all these patients. Only 2 patients in each group (biosimilar etanercept – 2.9%, biosimilar adalimumab 1.98%) had clinically active disease requiring switch to bDMARD with different mechanism of action. 1 patient in biosimilar etanercept group had to stop biologic treatment due to cancer diagnosis. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Our study showed overall adherence was good (around 80%) in both switch groups with biosimilar adalimumab doing better than biosimilar etanercept patients. All patients who switched back to bDMARD regained control. Nocebo responses<sup>3</sup>, such as subjective increase of disease activity and pain-related adverse events were identified as the main factors having a negative impact on adherence to bsDMARDs. No new safety signals were identified. <h3>References:</h3> [1]Smolen JS, Goncalves J, Quinn M, et al. Era of biosimilars in rheumatology: reshaping the healthcare environment RMD Open 2019;5: e000900. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000900 [2]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Biosimilar medicines. 26 February 2016. Available at: <i>https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/ktt15</i> [3]Planès S, Villier C, Mallaret M (2016) ‘The nocebo effect of drugs’, <i>Pharmacology Research &amp; Perspectives,</i> 4(2), e00208. <h3>Acknowledgments:</h3> Rheumatology department, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK <h3>Disclosure of Interests:</h3> None declared
THE LOCALIZATION OF AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
Authors: Veronica E. Coyne(Zavatone), Irving Millman, James Cerda, B. J. S. Gerstley, Thomas London, Alton Sutnick, Baruch S. Blumberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

We have studied the localization of Australia antigen, a particulate substance associated with hepatitis, by means of the fluorescent antibody technique. Preparations were made from 61 liver biopsy specimens taken from patients with infectious hepatitis, serum hepatitis, and a variety of other diseases. When tested with fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-Au(1) antisera all 26 patients who had Au(1) in their serum had specific fluorescence in their liver cells. The fluorescence appeared in three forms: as discrete particles within the nucleus, diffuse fluorescence of the entire nucleus, and fluorescence of the nuclear rim. Occasionally there were also fluorescent particles in the cytoplasm. Other specimens were tested with the fluorescent antibody including a variety of human tissues, buffy coat smears, peripheral lymphocyte cultures, and cells obtained from bile and duodenal drainage. Among these specimens, fluorescence was found in the cytoplasm of a few cells in the bone marrow of two patients with hepatitis and Au(1) in their serum, and in the liver, spleen, mesentery, and testis of one patient with leukemia, chronic hepatitis, and Au(1) in his serum. We have shown that the presence of fluorescent particles in the liver cells is strongly associated with the presence of Au(1) in the serum and the diagnosis of viral hepatitis. We believe that this study adds support to the hypothesis that Australia antigen is an antigenic determinant of a virus capable of causing hepatitis.
Reversal of Allergen-induced Airway Remodeling by CysLT<sub>1</sub> Receptor Blockade
Authors: William R. Henderson, Gertrude K. S. Chiang, Ying-tzang Tien, Emil Y. Chi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Airway inflammation in asthma is accompanied by structural changes, including goblet cell metaplasia, smooth muscle cell layer thickening, and subepithelial fibrosis. This allergen-induced airway remodeling can be replicated in a mouse asthma model.The study goal was to determine whether established airway remodeling in a mouse asthma model is reversible by administration of the cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT)1 receptor antagonist montelukast, the corticosteroid dexamethasone, or the combination montelukast + dexamethasone.BALB/c mice, sensitized by intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) as allergen, received intranasal OVA periodically Days 14-73 and montelukast or dexamethasone or placebo from Days 73-163.Allergen-induced trafficking of eosinophils into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung interstitium and airway goblet cell metaplasia, smooth muscle cell layer thickening, and subepithelial fibrosis present on Day 73 persisted at Day 163, 3 mo after the last allergen challenge. Airway hyperreactivity to methacholine observed on Day 73 in OVA-treated mice was absent on Day 163. In OVA-treated mice, airway eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia were reduced by either montelukast or dexamethasone alone. Montelukast, but not dexamethasone, reversed the established increase in airway smooth muscle mass and subepithelial collagen deposition. By immunocytochemistry, CysLT1 receptor expression was significantly increased in airway smooth muscle cells in allergen-treated mice compared with saline-treated controls and was reduced by montelukast, but not dexamethasone, administration.These data indicate that established airway smooth muscle cell layer thickening and subepithelial fibrosis, key allergen-induced airway structural changes not modulated by corticosteroids, are reversible by CysLT1 receptor blockade therapy.
Quantitative pharmacologic responses of normal and atherosclerotic isolated human epicardial coronary arteries.
Authors: R Ginsburg, M R Bristow, K Davis, A Dibiase, M E Billingham
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We studied quantitative aspects of coronary artery contraction in isolated epicardial coronary ring segments from 49 human hearts. The order of maximal tension developed by drugs in normal calcium (ionized calcium, 1.26 mM) solution was U-44069 (a prostaglandin endoperoxide analog) greater than histamine greater than carbachol greater than serotonin greater than phenylephrine greater than ergonovine. In Ca2+-free solution these same drugs mediated a lesser degree of contraction, which demonstrates that the human coronary artery uses both "intracellular" and "extracellular" calcium in hormone receptor-activated contraction. U-44069, histamine, carbachol, and phenylephrine produced calcium-free/normal calcium maximal responses of 62.9% 48.7%, 39.8%, and 37.2%, respectively. Morphologic characteristics of the atherosclerotic plaques within the vessel lumen and the degree of myocardial dysfunction did not qualitatively alter these contractile responses. However, severely atherosclerotic coronary segments were supersensitive to histamine, but not to carbachol or calcium. In conclusion, the human epicardial coronary artery is a highly reactive vessel that uses at least two calcium pools to couple contraction. Receptor-coupled agonists differ in their abilities to mediate contraction and in the degree to which each calcium pool is used, and the presence of atherosclerosis potentiates the contractile response to histamine.
Use of biothesiometer to measure vibration thresholds
Authors: J. Mehlsen
Journal: BMJ (1984)

unfortunately many physicians use them definitively when atrial fibrillation is present.Many patients respond satisfactorily and sinus rhythm is often restored.This is a most unwise definitive form of treatment, however, for atrial fibrillation nearly always recurs if there is a relapse, which is un- fortunately so common.Occasionally, com- plications of atrial fibrillation may then occur, and these may often herald a relapse, as we have clearly shown.1 2 I feel strongly, therefore, that all patients with thyrotoxicosis and atrial fibrillation should have definitive treatment with iodine-131 and I agree fully with the dosage recommended by the authors.