tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The impact of hepatitis E in the liver transplant setting
Authors: Patrick Behrendt, Eike Steinmann, Michael P Manns, Heiner Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been identified as a cause of graft hepatitis in liver transplant recipients. The true frequency and clinical importance of HEV infections after liver transplantations is a matter of debate. It is proposed that consumption of HEV-contaminated undercooked meat is a main source for HEV infections in developed countries – which might also account for some hepatitis E cases after organ transplantation. However, HEV is also transmitted by transfusion of blood products, likely representing a previously underestimated risk particularly for patients in the transplant setting. HEV infection can take chronic courses in immunocompromised individuals, associated in some cases with rapid progression to cirrhosis within 1–2 years of infection. Diagnosis in transplanted patients is based on HEV RNA testing as antibody assays are not sensitive enough. Selection of immunosuppressive drugs is important as different compounds may influence viral replication and the course of liver disease. Ribavirin has antiviral activity against HEV and should be administered for at least three months in chronically infected individuals; however, treatment failure may occur. HEV infections have also been linked to a variety of extrahepatic manifestations both during and after resolution of infection.In this review we summarize the emerging data on hepatitis E with a particular focus on the importance of HEV infections for liver transplant recipients.
Cancer Genomes on a Shoestring Budget
Authors: Jay Shendure, Colin J. Stewart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In a remarkably short time, the use of massively parallel technologies has greatly reduced the cost of DNA sequencing.1 Already, these technologies have permitted the whole-genome sequencing of several persons24 and one tumor5 for a small fraction of the cost of the sequencing of the first human genome. However, the cost of whole-genome sequencing is still many tens of thousands of dollars — too expensive for routine application to even modest numbers of samples in either a research or a clinical setting.In this issue of the Journal, Shah et al.6 describe the identification of a likely “driver” mutation . . .
The Alteration of the Lipemia-Clearing Effect of Heparin Following the Intravenous Injection of Thorium Dioxide (Thorotrast)
Authors: VIRGIL S. LEQUIRE, MARY E. GRAY, CULLY A. COBB
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

The lipemia-clearing response to intravenous heparin in the normal dog has been compared with that in dogs injected intravenously with Thorotrast. In normal dogs, intravenous heparin caused clearance of the lipemia (optical density) of approximately 77 per cent of the total amount possible. Dogs receiving low total amounts of Thorotrast (50 to 100 ml.) responded to heparin with a reduced ability to clear an alimentary lipemia, while dogs receiving large total amounts of Thorotrast (150 ml. or more) responded to heparin by becoming even more lipemic. The lipemia inducing effect of protamine was similar in both normal and Thorotrast-injected animals.
Population Attributable Risk of Incident Hypertension in Women
Authors: David F. Williamson
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Tarenflurbil on Cognitive Decline and Activities of Daily Living in Patients With Mild Alzheimer Disease&lt;subtitle&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Robert C. Green
Journal: JAMA (2009)

2][3] Compounds modulating ␥-secretase enzyme cleaving ␤-amyloid precursor protein (APP) to release various forms of A␤ are candidates for treatment of AD.One such compound is tarenflurbil (formerly R-flurbiprofen), a selective A␤ 42lowering agent that has been shown in vitro and in vivo to modulate ␥secretase activity and reduce A␤ 42 production in favor of shorter less toxic forms of A␤ (eg, A␤ 38 and A␤ 37 ). 4,5In mouse models of AD, tarenflurbil prevents learning and memory deficits and reduces A␤ 42 brain concentrations. 4,6 phase 2 trial of tarenflurbil suggested that patients with mild AD and moderate AD responded differently to treatment, that patients with mild AD had a dose-related slower rate of decline than those treated with placebo, and that the drug was well tolerated with few adverse effects.7 On the basis of these results, a large phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of tarenflurbil was conducted in patients with mild AD. METHODS Study DesignA randomized, double-blind, 2-group parallel study was conducted to com-pare tarenflurbil with placebo for 18 months involving 133 participating trial sites.
unc-8, a DEG/ENaC Family Member, Encodes a Subunit of a Candidate Mechanically Gated Channel That Modulates C. elegans Locomotion
Authors: Nektarios Tavernarakis, Wayne Shreffler, Shiliang Wang, Monica Driscoll
Journal: Neuron (1997)

Mechanically gated ion channels are important modulators of coordinated movement, yet little is known of their molecular properties. We report that C. elegans unc-8, originally identified by gain-of-function mutations that induce neuronal swelling and severe uncoordination, encodes a DEG/ENaC family member homologous to subunits of a candidate mechanically gated ion channel. unc-8 is expressed in several sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. unc-8 null mutants exhibit previously unrecognized but striking defects in the amplitude and wavelength of sinusoidal tracks inscribed as they move through an E. coli lawn. We hypothesize that UNC-8 channels could modulate coordinated movement in response to body stretch. del-1, a second DEG/ENaC famly member coexpressed with unc-8 in a subset of motor neurons, might also participate in a channel that contributes to nematode proprioception.
TYPE 2 DIABETES IS NOT A CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE RISK EQUIVALENT: RESULTS FROM AN 8-YEAR PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY ON ANGIOGRAPHICALLY CHARACTERIZED PATIENTS
Authors: Christoph H. Saely, Tobias Gansch, Alexander Vonbank, Philipp Rein, Stefan Beer, Susanne Greber, Heinz Drexel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Coronary Artery Bypass Mortality Rates in Ontario
Authors: Jack V. Tu, C. David Naylor
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background This study was conducted to assess the overall mortality rate and the amount of interhospital variation in risk-adjusted mortality rates after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in Ontario, Canada. CABG outcomes data are not publicly disseminated in Ontario. Methods and Results Clinical risk factors and surgical outcomes were collected on 15 608 patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery between April 1, 1991, and March 31, 1994, at the nine hospitals performing adult cardiac surgery in Ontario. The data were analyzed on the basis of a fiscal year. The overall mortality rate was 3.01%, and the risk-adjusted mortality rate declined from 3.17% in 1991 to 2.93% in 1993. In 1991, one of the nine hospitals had a risk-adjusted mortality rate significantly lower than the provincial average. Otherwise, the hospitals all had risk-adjusted mortality rates within the expected range during the time period of the study. All hospitals performed &gt;300 CABG procedures in 1992 and 1993, and only 2 of 42 cardiac surgeons performed &lt;50 CABG procedures in 1993. Conclusions The in-hospital mortality rate after CABG surgery in Ontario is low, and the amount of interhospital variation in risk-adjusted mortality rates is no greater than that expected by chance alone. These outcomes are probably attributable to regionalization of CABG surgery and a very low prevalence of low-volume cardiac surgeons in Ontario.
Book Review Esophagus, Stomach, Duodenum (Atlas of Operative Surgery: Special anatomy — indications —techniques — complications.) Edited by K. Kremer, W. Lierse, W. Platzer, H.W. Schreiber, and F.M. Steichen. 380 pp., illustrated. New York, Thieme, 1989. $230.
Authors: John W. Braasch, F. Henry Ellis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)
Abstract 2578: Anticancer action of garcinol <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> is mediated through inhibition of STAT-3 signaling
Authors: Aamir Ahmad, Amro Aboukameel, Shadan Ali, Yiwei Li, Bin Bao, Dejuan Kong, Sanjeev Banerjee, Fazlul H. Sarkar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Garcinol, obtained from Garcinia indica, has exhibited some promising anticancer activity. In particular, our earlier work has demonstrated its ability to inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines originated from breast, prostate as well as pancreatic cancer. However, its exact mechanism of action remains largely unclear. Here we show that garcinol targets signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) signaling pathway. STAT-3 is frequently found to be activated in many cancer types and this is the first report on such action of garcinol leading to its anticancer effects. Garcinol inhibited total as well as phosphorylated STAT-3 in breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines, and was also found to inhibit cell migration and colony formation of all the cancer cell lines tested. STAT-3 phosphorylation was inhibited by garcinol in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed an inhibitory effect of garcinol on IL-6-induced STAT-3 phosphorylation and production of uPA and VEGF which might explain the reduced migration and aggressiveness in cells treated with garcinol. The results were further verified in vivo in a MDA-MB-231 breast cancer mouse xenograft model where administration of garcinol significantly inhibited tumor growth, and western blot analysis of tumor lysates indicated reduced STAT-3 expression and activation. These results indicate that garcinol may have translational potential as chemopreventive or therapeutic agent against multiple cancers through inhibition of STAT-3 signaling pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2578. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2578
The Professor, the Institute and DNA
Authors: Harry F Dowling
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Some scientists love a public forum, most regard it as an area in which to tread lightly and speak softly, while others avoid it altogether. Such scientific recluses may receive little notice from most of their colleagues and none at all from the public, and that is the way they like it. When one of them makes an epoch-making discovery, the scientific community may be slow to act on it, and the unassuming discoverer may fail to receive his due. So it was with Oswald Avery, who discovered, along with his younger associates, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty, that the substance that transformed pneumococci of one type into another was DNA. Characteristically, he made no great claims for this discovery, but in a letter to his brother he wrote that by means of a known chemical substance it was now "possible to induce<i>predictable</i>and<i>hereditary</i>changes in cells. This
Attentional Bias Modification in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Maartje Schoorl, Peter Putman, Willem Van Der Does
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Attentional bias modification (ABM) is a new treatment for anxiety disorders. Three randomized controlled clinical trials have shown positive effects of ABM in social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. This study investigated the efficacy of ABM in outpatients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Randomized controlled double-blind trial (n = 102). ABM and control treatment consisted of eight 20-min sessions over the course of 3 weeks. Symptoms and attentional bias were assessed before and after treatment and at 3-week follow-up. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; ABM and the control treatment were equally effective in reducing the symptoms of PTSD. The effect sizes of the improvement (from before to after treatment) were 0.66 for ABM and 0.46 for the control treatment, which is comparable to the effect sizes of pill-placebos in pharmacotherapy trials of chronic PTSD. Both treatments did not affect attentional bias. The acceptability and tolerability of ABM was moderate. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This version of ABM is not an effective treatment of PTSD.
The specificity of cellular immune responses in guinea pigs. III. The precision of antigen recognition by T lymphocytes.
Authors: C A Janeway, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

T lymphocytes from guinea pigs immunized with 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivatives of mycobacteria respond to a variety of DNP conjugates. Preincubation of such cells with a given DNP conjugate under conditions which lead to the inactivation of responding cells causes a loss of the response to that conjugate, but has little effect on the response to DNP coupled to unrelated carriers. Thus, the responses of such cells to a variety of DNP conjugates can best be explained by the presence of a mixture of highly specific cells each responding to a different antigenic dterminant rather than by the presence of T cells with specificity limited to the hapten itself. Furthermore, the activity of T cells from DNP-mycobacteria-primed donors could not be blocked by a variety of nonstimulatory DNP conjugates. This suggests that while such T cells clearly recognize DNP with great precision, the receptor does not contain a very high affinity site for the hapten. A possible model for such a T-cell receptor is discussed.
The Clinical Value of More than Six Chest Leads in Electrocardiography
Authors: David Halbersleben
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Forty PER CENT of myocardial infarctions found in a study of 250 hearts made at a large teaching hospital in Boston were not diagnosed clinically from August, 1957, to March, 1959.<sup>1</sup>Such a high incidence of clinical failure may be common and is obviously not in the best interest of patients. That diagnostic ability can be improved by the extended and meticulous employment of means currently known and readily at hand is shown by the following report. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 70-year-old man suffered a massive myocardial infarction on Aug. 15, 1955. Eight weeks after the infarction there were QS complexes and deeply inverted T waves in chest positions 1 to 5, with a tiny Q, a 4-mm. R, and T inverted 2.5 mm. in chest position 6. Recovery was satisfactory, with the electrocardiogram staying markedly abnormal. While shopping with his wife on Aug. 22, 1959, he
Electromagnetic Fields and Bones
Authors: Clinton L. Compere
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The use of pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and direct-current stimulation for the treatment of delayed and nonunion of fractures is proving to be a major advance in traumatic orthopedic surgery. In this issue ofThe Journal(p 623), Bassett and his co-workers summarize their experience in the use of PEMFs for nonunited fractures and failed arthrodeses. The overall success in obtaining firm union is approximately 80%, which compares favorably with the success rate of cortical and cancellous bone grafting procedures. Other methods using direct-current stimulation to the nonunion site report a comparable success rate. More than a hundred papers have been presented and published on the use of various forms of electrical stimulation in promoting bone growth and fracture healing. Sir Dennis Paterson and his co-workers<sup>1</sup>in Australia have developed and are promoting the use of a fully implantable system using a small titanium-covered power source with titanium electrodes.
Hemoglobin — A Working Molecule
Authors: Jane F. Desforges
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The characteristic structure of the globin family has been maintained with little variation for at least 540 million years,1 , 2 evolution being witness to the necessity of maintaining a precise structure to preserve the role of these proteins. Hemoglobin provides fine-tuning for the system of oxygen delivery to tissue and its function determines the effectiveness of that delivery. By shifting the relation among its four component chains (its quaternary structure), hemoglobin can either receive or deliver oxygen. The movement of the chains is associated with a change in the position of the heme moieties, which assume a relaxed or R state . . .
A CASE OF SERUM SICKNESS FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF TOXIN-ANTITOXIN MIXTURE
Authors: H. Merriman Steele
Journal: JAMA (1924)

I am reporting this case because of the rarity of the condition. No instances have thus far been brought to the attention of the Connecticut State Department of Health, by which an active campaign is being waged to protect our children of the state against diphtheria. None have come to my attention by report of the New York authorities who, in this country, were among the first to initiate this means of prevention and through whose hands an enormous amount of material has passed. The patient was seen by his father, a physician, by Dr. Millard Knowlton, director of the Bureau of Preventable Diseases of Connecticut, and by me. D. M., a boy, aged 5½ years, weighing 45 pounds (20 kg.), was brought to my office for immunization against diphtheria, Jan. 21, 1924. He was the elder of two children, his sister being 3 weeks old. The family history was
Normal range of 'effective thyroxine ratio'.
Authors: M G Wells, P R Wikramanayake, J W Woollen
Journal: BMJ (1972)

generally accepted theory of aetiology.Most of my cases appeared to be infective in origin, and two of them followed instru- mentation.It does appear that the disease is associated with poor hygiene.Fournier's gangrene was fairly common in Europe and North America at the turn of the century but is now rarely reported from these areas.More recent reports of more than one case have come from areas with poor living standards.4-6It was suggested that the patient described may have had an increased tendency to vascular insufficiency because of a high titre of cold haemagglutinins in his serum.It is possible that this and the trauma he suffered were enough to precipitate gangrene of the scrotum by vascular thrombosis.Several au-hors have proposed that the cause of Fournier's gangrene is an arterial thrombosis precipitated by an infection, analogous to cavernous sinus thrombosis.6-8This case could be compatible with the thrombosis theory of aetiology.-Iam, etc.,
A cellulose ester film as an inert vehicle for skin pharmacological studies
Authors: B. SHROOT, A. CHATELUS, A. CIVIER, C. N. HENSBY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article A cellulose ester film as an inert vehicle for skin pharmacological studies Get access B. SHROOT, B. SHROOT Centre International de Recherches Dcrmatologiques (CIRD), Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. CHATELUS, A. CHATELUS Centre International de Recherches Dcrmatologiques (CIRD), Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. CIVIER, A. CIVIER Centre International de Recherches Dcrmatologiques (CIRD), Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. N. HENSBY C. N. HENSBY Centre International de Recherches Dcrmatologiques (CIRD), Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s27, 1 July 1984, Pages 163–167, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb15597.x Published: 01 July 1984
Surveillance Programme of IN-patients and Epidemiology (SPINE): Implementation of an Electronic Data Collection Tool within a Large Hospital in Malawi
Authors: Miguel A. SanJoaquin, Theresa J. Allain, Malcolm E. Molyneux, Laura Benjamin, Dean B. Everett, Oliver Gadabu, Camilla Rothe, Patrick Nguipdop, Moses Chilombe, Lawrence Kazembe, Servace Sakala, Andrew Gonani, Robert S. Heyderman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

The Health in Action section is a forum for individuals or organizations to highlight their innovative approaches to a particular health problem.
Lipoprotein Patterns by Starch Electrophoresis in Idiopathic Hyperlipemia and Hypercholesteremia
Authors: FIORENZO PARONETTO, CHUN-I WANG, DAVID ADLERSBERG
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Starch electrophoresis was employed for the study of the lipoprotein patterns in inborn errors of lipid metabolism. Idiopathic hyperlipemia was characterized by marked increases of cholesterol and phospholipid in the alpha-2-lipoprotein fraction of the serum whereas idiopathic hypercholesteremia showed an increase of these lipids in the beta-lipoprotein fraction. The cholesterol and phospholipid contents in the alpha-1-lipoprotein fractions were diminished in both metabolic errors.