tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Delayed removal of a deeply migrated pigtail pancreatic stent in a normal pancreatic duct
Authors: Young Jung, Tae Lee, Sang-Heum Park, Hyun Choi, Sang-Woo Cha, Jong Moon, Young Cho
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 57-year-old man underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for multiple bile duct and gallbladder stones. During the ERCP, we attempted to insert a prophylactic 5-Fr, single pigtail pancreatic stent (Cook Endoscopy, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States) because biliary cannulation is difficult and the pancreatic duct is frequently cannulated unintentionally; however the pancreatic stent migrated deep into the normal pancreatic duct and the pigtail portion of the stent curled into the inner pancreatic duct ([Fig. 1 a]). We attempted to remove the stent immediately using endobiliary biopsy forceps, a conventional snare, and a Dormia basket ([Fig. 2]), as reported in various cases [1] [2] [3] [4]; however these methods all failed because the pancreatic duct was of normal size and it was difficult to advance the devices past the neck of the pancreatic duct. Moreover, the curved pigtail head made capture impossible. The repeated attempts at removal only pushed the stent more deeply into the pancreatic duct. Consequently, we inserted a second 9-cm-long pancreatic stent to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis, removed the biliary stones, and then performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Again, we tried to remove the migrated pancreatic stent, but failed despite trying various methods, including a 5-Fr sheathed Memory basket (Cook Endoscopy) ([Fig. 2]), and a modified snare with a cut plastic sheath [5]. Apart from a 0.035-inch guidewire, none of the devices could be advanced past the neck of the normal-sized pancreatic duct. As we needed more space to insert the removal devices, we decided to reinsert the 9-cm-long, 5-Fr pancreatic stent ([Fig. 1 b]), which overlapped the migrated stent, and planned to remove the migrated stent 3 – 4 months later, hoping that the second stent would cause some duct enlargement.
Cytokine profile in serum and synovial fluid of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: R A Moura, R Cascao, I Perpetuo, H Canhao, E Sousa, A F Mourao, A M Rodrigues, J Polido-Pereira, M Viana Queiroz, H S Rosario, M M Souto-Carneiro, L Graca, J E Fonseca
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

To identify the cytokines that are present at higher levels in the serum and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Interleukin (IL)1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12 (p70), IL17A, IL18, IL22, IL23, interferon (IFN)γ, leptin, MCP-1, MIP-1α, OPG, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and …
The TLR7 Ligand Loxoribine Induces Pentraxin 3 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: J.I. Tirumalasetty, S.C. Shin, A.C. Miranowski, Q.A. Truong-Tran, L.C. Grammer, P.A. Greenberger, R.P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Chlorinated organic contaminants in breast milk of New Zealand women.
Authors: M N Bates, D J Hannah, S J Buckland, J A Taucher, T van Maanen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Breast milk samples from 38 women in New Zealand were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) as part of a World Health Organization collaborative study of breast-milk contaminants. The women were recruited from two urban areas (Auckland and Christchurch) and two rural areas (Northland and North Canterbury) in the North and South Islands of New Zealand. The best predictor of contaminant concentrations in breast milk was found to be the age of the mother. Regional differences were found for hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, and pp-DDE, reflecting historical use patterns. Urban-rural differences were found for several PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs when contaminant concentrations were calculated on a whole-milk basis. However, these differences could be attributed to variation in breast-milk fat concentrations between urban and rural mothers. Urban mothers had about 50% more breast-milk fat than rural mothers. Evidence suggests that breast-milk consumption by babies is regulated by caloric intake. Almost all of the caloric content of milk is in the fat fraction. This suggests that breast-milk contaminant levels calculated on a whole-milk basis do not necessarily reflect the relative levels of exposure of infants to these contaminants. However, the factors that influence breast-milk fat concentration deserve further study.
Examination of the placental circulation by Doppler ultrasound.
Authors: C. W. Redman
Journal: BMJ (1989)

quickly heals.Dilatation cannot therefore be recommended for routine treatment of aortic stenosis.In adults with calcific disease it is purely a palliative procedure.Balloon dilatation of the aortic valve may, however, be useful as a bridge to an operation.Firstly, in patients in whom the operative risk is considered prohibitive because of poor left ventricular function balloon dilatation may be used before aortic valve replacement to reduce surgical mortality and morbidity.'7Secondly, we have used balloon dilatation in patients who have both critical aortic stenosis and a second medical condition requiring an urgent operation-for instance, resection of a malignancy, fixation of a hip fracture, or an operation for gastrointestinal bleeding.'8Thirdly, in patients with a low aortic valve gradient, a low cardiac output, and a small valve area balloon dilatation of the aortic valve may be used to assess the patient's ventricular response to a decreased afterload and may thus help in deciding whether to proceed to valve replacement.
Adenocarcinoma arising in columnar lined oesophagus following treatment with argon plasma coagulation Reply
Authors: A SHAND
Journal: Gut (2001)

Editor,—Following the recent report by Van Laethem et al ((2000) Gut 46:574–7.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]) of adenocarcinoma developing in a patient whose columnar lined oesophagus had been treated by argon plasma coagulation, we wish to highlight a second case. A 67 year old man presented with epigastric discomfort but no “alarm” symptoms of dysphagia or weight loss. Endoscopy revealed a 5 cm length of columnar lined oesophagus with no evidence of ulceration or stricture. Histology showed intestinal metaplasia with low grade dysplasia. He consented to enter a study of argon plasma coagulation treatment in Barrett's oesophagus. One half of the affected oesophagus was treated with argon plasma coagulation (Erbe APC 300, Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, Germany). He was commenced on omeprazole 40 mg. Repeat endoscopy at two months showed macroscopic regrowth of the squamous epithelium in the area treated by argon plasma coagulation. This was confirmed histologically and the previously … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGastrointestinal%2Bendoscopy%26rft.stitle%253DGastrointest%2BEndosc%26rft.aulast%253DLaine%26rft.auinit1%253DL.%26rft.volume%253D44%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D523%26rft.epage%253D526%26rft.atitle%253DProspective%2Bcomparison%2Bof%2Bcommercially%2Bavailable%2Brapid%2Burease%2Btests%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Bdiagnosis%2Bof%2BHelicobacter%2Bpylori.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0016-5107%252896%252970002-0%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8934155%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0016-5107(96)70002-0&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=8934155&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F48%2F4%2F580.3.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1996VT20700002&link_type=ISI
Autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension complicating connective tissue disease.
Authors: M Tamm, A Gratwohl, A Tichelli, A P Perruchoud, A Tyndall
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

The aim of this study was to evaluate female fertility, carcinogenic, and genetic effects after treatment with <sup>131</sup>I of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 814 females of child-bearing age were studied. The fertility of 627 females who received <sup>131</sup>I therapy was compared to 187 untreated females. Birth histories of the children born from these women were registered. The carcinogenic effect was evaluated by comparing the incidence of tumors in 730 patients treated with <sup>131</sup>I with an internal control group, as well as with local population incidence. <b>Results:</b> There was no significant difference in the fertility rate, birth weight and prematurity between the two groups. Only one case of a ventricular septal defect was observed in a child born to a woman treated with <sup>131</sup>I. The overall standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of second tumors was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.76–1.77) in patients treated with <sup>131</sup>I. An elevated SIR was registered for salivary gland tumors and melanoma. No case of leukemia was registered. <b>Conclusion:</b> The risk of long-term effects of <sup>131</sup>I treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma is quite low. Iodine-131 may be safely used in treating cases with a high risk of recurrence.
Reversible Airflow Obstruction, Proliferation of Abnormal Smooth Muscle Cells, and Impairment of Gas Exchange as Predictors of Outcome in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: ANGELO M. TAVEIRA-DaSILVA, CAROLYN HEDIN, MARIO P. STYLIANOU, WILLIAM D. TRAVIS, KASUHIRO MATSUI, VICTOR J. FERRANS, JOEL MOSS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease, occurring in women, characterized by cystic degeneration of the lungs, abdominal tumors, and proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells. Lung function abnormalities consist of impairment of the diffusion capacity (Dl CO) and airflow obstruction. The objective of this study was to correlate the functional impairment with histologic measures of disease severity to identify predictors of disease outcome. Lung function of 143 patients and lung biopsies of 74 of these patients were reviewed for evidence of airway disease and scoring of disease severity. A positive response to bronchodilators was associated with more severe airflow obstruction, a predominantly solid pattern of LAM lesions in the lung biopsy, and greater rate of decline in expiratory flow. Airway inflammation, present in 61% of the lung specimens, was not associated with reversible airway obstruction and did not correlate with the severity of airflow obstruction. Dl CO correlated best with the LAM histologic score (LHS), a demonstrated predictor of outcome. We conclude that reversible airway obstruction is found in LAM patients with accelerated loss of lung function and a predominantly solid pattern of LAM lesions. Impairment of Dl CO correlates with LHS, a predictor of survival and time to lung transplantation.
Prolonged Respiratory Depression Caused by Drug Combinations
Authors: Francis F. Foldes, John N. Lunn, Harry G. Benz
Journal: JAMA (1963)

EVEN BEFORE the neuromuscular blocking effect of certain antibiotics had been discovered, prolonged,<sup>1</sup>and, on occasion, irreversible,<sup>2</sup>respiratory depression was observed after the intraperitoneal administration of relatively large (2- to 5-gm) doses of neomycin sulfate. Subsequent investigation of the neuromuscular effect of various antibiotics on laboratory animals revealed that streptomycin,<sup>3</sup>neomycin sulfate,<sup>4</sup>and certain other<sup>5</sup>antibiotics cause a nondepolarization, or Phase II,<sup>6</sup>block. The neuromuscular block induced by antibiotics is potentiated by ether and antagonized by neostigmine bromide (Prostigmin) and calcium.<sup>3</sup>These observations on the neuromuscular effects of antibiotics were confirmed<sup>7</sup>on human intercostal nervemuscle preparations. The neuromuscular block produced by nondepolarizing relaxants, eg, d-tubocurarine chloride, gallamine (Flaxedil) triethiodide, and antibiotics, is additive. According to the earlier concepts of the mechanism of action of relaxants, it would be expected that antibiotics capable of producing a nondepolarization or Phase II block would
Hemodynamic effects of isoproterenol in canine endotoxin shock
Authors: Boleslaw Starzecki, Wesley W. Spink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Myocardial function and peripheral hemodynamic alterations were measured through the late stages of canine endotoxin shock. 60 min postendotoxin paired animals were given infusions of either 5 ml/kg per hr of 5% dextrose or dextrose plus isoproterenol (0.25 mug/kg per min). Comparable blood lactic and pyruvic acid levels were determined, the excess lactic acid calculated, and pH values were obtained. During the initial stages the classic pattern of hemodynamic alterations was observed; an excess of lactic acid appeared and the pH decreased. Outstanding was evidence of markedly reduced myocardial function in the late stages of shock with progressive rise in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), low cardiac index, rise of central venous pressure, increased central blood volume, tachycardia, and declining arterial pressure. Analyses of left ventricular function curves also indicated myocardial failure. Infusion of dextrose alone failed to decrease mortality rate (10 of 18 dying), whereas the rate was significantly decreased with isoproterenol (2 of 18). Dextrose infusion did not benefit myocardial function. Isoproterenol resulted in a marked improvement in myocardial action with a significant increase in heart work associated with, yet very minor, increments of LVEDP. In addition, tachycardia subsided, peripheral resistance decreased, and the blood pressure stabilized. The prognostic value of excess lactic acid was doubtful but a progressive fall in later stages was associated with survival.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Bernard Thébaud, Steven H. Abman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema are significant global health problems at the extreme stages of life. Both are characterized by arrested alveolar development or loss of alveoli, respectively. Both lack effective treatment strategies. Knowledge about the genetic control of branching morphogenesis in mammals derives from investigations of the respiratory system in Drosophila, but mechanisms that regulate alveolar development remain poorly understood. Even less is known about regulation of the growth and development of the pulmonary vasculature. Understanding how alveoli and the underlying capillary network develop, and how these mechanisms are disrupted in disease states, are critical for developing effective therapies for lung diseases characterized by impaired alveolar structure. Recent observations have challenged old notions that the development of the blood vessels in the lung passively follows that of the airways. Rather, increasing evidence suggests that lung blood vessels actively promote alveolar growth during development and contribute to the maintenance of alveolar structures throughout postnatal life. Our working hypothesis is that disruption of angiogenesis impairs alveolarization, and that preservation of vascular growth and endothelial survival promotes growth and sustains the architecture of the distal airspace. Furthermore, the explosion of interest in stem cell biology suggests potential roles for endothelial progenitor cells in the pathogenesis or treatment of lung vascular disease. In this Pulmonary Perspective, we review recent data on the importance of the lung circulation, specifically examining the relationship between dysmorphic vascular growth and impaired alveolarization, and speculate on how these new insights may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
ALLERGIC REACTIONS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Authors: ANDREW A. EGGSTON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It has become a common observation that a large percentage of people can be injured by contact with substances that are absolutely innocuous to others. Minute doses of an essentially inert substance have been known to produce violent reactions in a susceptible person. This peculiar reactivity has been referred to as idiosyncrasy, hypersensitiveness, anaphylaxis or allergy. The primary reactions of an allergic individual after contact with an exciting agent are manifested by local symptoms. When the contact is a very intimate one, general reactions result, and death may follow the entrance of a relatively small amount of the allergic substance. The studies of Walker, Goodale, Cooke, Duke, Kessler, Scheppegrell and others have demonstrated the allergic nature of hay-fever, as well as of many cases of asthma, urticaria and eczema. The present conception of the nature of allergic reactions is a development from the observations on serum anaphylaxis in lower animals.
Surveillance of alloantibodies after transplantation identifies the risk of chronic rejection
Authors: Pamela M. Kimball, Melissa A. Baker, Mary B. Wagner, Anne King
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

The monitoring of the levels of alloantibodies following transplantation might facilitate early diagnosis of chronic rejection (CR), the leading cause of renal allograft failure. Here, we used serial alloantibody surveillance to monitor patients with preoperative positive flow cytometric crossmatch (FCXM). Sixty-nine of 308 renal transplant patients in our center had preoperative positive FCXM. Blood was collected quarterly during the first postoperative year and tested by FCXM and single antigen bead luminometry, more sensitive techniques than complement-dependent cytotoxic crossmatching. Distinct post-transplant profiles emerged and were associated with different clinical outcomes. Two-thirds of patients showed complete elimination of FCXM and solid-phase assay reactions within 1 year, had few adverse events, and a 95% 3-year graft survival. In contrast, the remaining third failed to eliminate flow FCXM or solid-phase reactions directed against HLA class I or II antibodies. The inferior graft survival (67%) with loss in this latter group was primarily due to CR. Thus, systematic assessment of longitudinal changes in alloantibody levels, either by FCXM or solid-phase assay, can help identify patients at greater risk of developing CR.
The Effect of Starvation and Repletion on Plasma Fibronectin in Man
Authors: Rhonda L. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Since circulating fibronectin levels have been associated with trauma, the relationship between fibronectin and fasting was investigated. Eighteen healthy but obese patients fasted for 21 days, and plasma fibronectin levels were determined weekly. Fibronectin concentrations were reduced throughout the fast, but increased after food intake. This starvation-induced decrease in fibronectin may be a deleterious mechanism associated with physiological insults. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2025-2027)
Oral Minoxidil in the Treatment of Hypertensive Crisis
Authors: Barry C. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1979)

WITH the advent of aggressive antihypertensive therapy, the mortality of patients with malignant hypertension has been drastically reduced. Because of new forms of drug therapy, bilateral nephrectomy, once recommended for severe and controlled hypertension, is no longer indicated.<sup>1</sup>In fact, studies often indicate improvement in renal function once control of blood pressure (BP) is obtained.<sup>2</sup> Parenteral drugs such as diazoxide and sodium nitroprusside have replaced slower, less predictably acting antihypertensives for the rapid lowering of BP. However, if the patient fails to respond to these drugs, he still faces nephrectomy as a therapeutic choice. We report the case of a patient who failed to respond to high doses of sodium nitroprusside but had a rapid lowering of BP following oral administration of minoxidil, an experimental vasodilator used principally for the control of chronic refractory hypertension.<sup>3</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 15-year-old girl was referred to a neurosurgeon
Are readmissions avoidable?
Authors: A Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the possible use of readmission rates as an outcome indicator of hospital inpatient care by investigating avoidability of unplanned readmissions within 28 days of discharge. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of a stratified random sample of case notes of patients with an unplanned readmission between July 1987 and June 1988 by nine clinical assessors (263 assessments) and categorisation of the readmission as avoidable, unavoidable, or unclassifiable. SETTING--District in North East Thames region. 481 General medical, geriatric, and general surgical inpatients with a readmission at 0-6 days or 21-27 days after the first (index) discharge between July 1987 and June 1988 from whom 100 case notes were selected randomly and of which 74 were available for study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Assessment of readmissions as avoidable, unavoidable, unclassifiable, variability of assessment within cases and variability among assessors according to specialty and duration to readmission. RESULTS--General medical and geriatric readmissions and surgical readmissions at 0-6 days after discharge were more likely to be assessed as avoidable than those at 21-27 days (medical readmissions 32 v 6%, surgical admissions 49 v 19%). General surgical readmissions were significantly more frequently assessed as avoidable than general medical and geriatric readmissions. The extent of agreement between doctors varied, with general medical and geriatric readmissions at 21-27 days after first discharge causing the greatest variability of judgment. CONCLUSIONS--Differences were apparent in the extent of avoidability of readmissions in different groups of admissions. However, assessors rated only 49.3% of the group with the highest proportion of avoidable admissions (surgical readmissions at 0-6 days) as avoidable. The remainder were thought to be unavoidable except for 2%, which could not be classified. The use of readmission rates as an outcome indicator of hospital inpatient care should be avoided.
The Pains of Love: Hemoperitoneum Following Sexual Intercourse
Authors: Bernard E. Ferrara
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Serious consequences of human sexual intercourse are usually related to complications of a resulting pregnancy. We have recently treated a woman for hemoperitoneum that resulted from sexual intercourse. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 36-year-old woman experienced sudden sharp pain in the anterior part of the chest during coitus. Within minutes, pain was felt over the entire abdomen. Within an hour, the intensity of the pain increased and she was seen in the emergency room. The abdomen was tense, and generalized rebound tenderness was present. The hemoglobin level was 9 g/dL. Suspecting a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, culdocentesis was performed and nonclotting blood was aspirated. She was transferred to the operating room and underwent laparotomy. Approximately 1,200 mL of blood and clots was removed from the peritoneal cavity. Pelvic adhesions resulting from a previous cesarean section were present. The immediate source of bleeding was not apparent, and surgical consultation