tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Epidermoid Cysts of the Spleen Using a Combined Isotopic and Ultrasonic Investigation
Authors: L G THJIS, H A van HEUKELEM, H F W HOITSMA, G A K HEIDENDAL, P BLOK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

The case history of a 16-year-old girl with an epidermoid cyst of the spleen is presented. The patient had no complaints when a routine examination of the urine revealed a proteinuria. At physical examination a large mass was discovered in the left hypochondrium. On the basis of scintigraphy, echography and arteriography, a diagnosis of a large splenic cyst was made and substantiated at subsequent laparotomy. The proteinuria could be explained by pressure on the left kidney. The value of a combination of scintigraphy and diagnostic ultrasound in the diagnosis of splenic cyst is stressed.
Temporal Association between Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Airway Eosinophilia in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mice
Authors: ADRIAN TOMKINSON, GRZEGORZ CIESLEWICZ, CATHERINE DUEZ, KIRSTEN A. LARSON, JAMES J. LEE, ERWIN W. GELFAND
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The temporal association between airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) has been analyzed in BALB/c mice sensitized to, and subsequently exposed to, a single intranasal challenge of ovalbumin (OVA). In OVA-sensitized/challenged animals only a small increase in responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) was seen at 8 h, peaked at 24 to 48 h, and resolved by 96 h. An early bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophil infiltrate (peaking at 8 h postchallenge; approximately 72% total cells was observed) that returned to baseline by 48 h. BALF eosinophil numbers did not increase until 48 h (approximately 32% of total cells), peaked at 96 h (approximately 38% total cells), and remained elevated at 8 d (approximately 27% total cells). Airway tissue eosinophilia preceded changes in BALF. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) levels in BALF were elevated in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice at 48 h only. BALF TNF-alpha levels peaked at 8 h, whereas IL-5 and IL-4 levels peaked at 24 h. IL-13 levels were increased at both 24 and 48 h. Mucus-positive cells were not observed in the airway epithelium until 48 h. Administration of IL-5 or VLA-4 antibody prior to OVA challenge prevented the development of AHR in sensitized mice as well as BALF and tissue eosinophilia. These data identify a temporal association between Th2 cytokine production, tissue eosinophil infiltration and activation, and, importantly, both the development and resolution kinetics of AHR. Moreover, the antibody studies further support the association of eosinophilia with the pathogenesis of AHR.
The Effect of Large Intravenous Doses of Sodium Borate on the Human Myocardium as Reflected in the Electrocardiogram
Authors: HADLEY L. CONN, BERNIECE B. ANTAL, LEE E. FARR
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Large intravenous doses of sodium borate, given to seven patients with brain tumors, caused development of temporary but consistent hypoxic-type abnormalities in the S-T segments and the T waves of the electrocardiogram. Correlation of these electrocardiographic changes with blood boron concentrations, determined up to 48 hours after boron injection, indicated that the changes were probably the result of damage by boron, present intracellularly in the myocardium. The intracellular concentrations which cause electrocardiographic abnormalities are considered to be of the order of 100 µg. per milliliter, similar to concentrations which have been shown to inhibit respiration in in vitro myocardial preparations.
Narrative Review: Fibrotic Diseases: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapies
Authors: Joel Rosenbloom
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Abnormal and exaggerated deposition of extracellular matrix is the hallmark of many fibrotic diseases, including systemic sclerosis and pulmonary, liver, and kidney fibrosis. The spectrum of affected organs, the usually progressive nature of the fibrotic process, the large number of affected persons, and the absence of effective treatment pose an enormous challenge when treating fibrotic diseases. Delineation of the central role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and identification of the specific cellular receptors, kinases, and other mediators involved in the fibrotic process have provided a sound basis for development of effective therapies. The inhibition of signaling pathways activated by TGF-beta represents a novel therapeutic approach for the fibrotic disorders. One of these TGF-beta pathways results in the activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase cellular Abelson (c-Abl), and c-Abl inhibitors, including imatinib mesylate, diminishing the fibrogenic effects of TGF-beta. Thus, recently acquired basic knowledge about the pathogenesis of the fibrotic process has enabled the development of novel therapeutic agents capable of modifying the deleterious effects of the fibrotic diseases.
Continuing medical education: experience and opinions of consultants.
Authors: D N Kerr, S A Jones, C S Easmon
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The right of consultants to study leave and expenses is not binding on trusts and has been eroded in directly managed units. Complaints led to a survey of consultants in North West Thames region. This showed that most consultants use their own time and money to maintain their knowledge by buying and consulting journals and textbooks, attending local meetings, and using their annual leave for study, but they feel the need for study leave to attend meetings of specialist societies and courses. Leave is usually granted readily but without cover provided by a locum and with a very limited contribution to expenses. To maintain quality of medical care both the right and obligation to take study leave should be contractual.
Physician and Nature
Authors: Mendel Zeligs
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In answer to Dr. Heineman's statement (218:1829, 1971) that "either we assume that God does not want Nature tampered with, in which case we leave it alone, or we ignore God and use our own judgement," Dr. Fred Rosner (219: 1633, 1972) quotes from the Talmud (Tractate Kiddushin 82a), "The best of physicians is worthy of hell." This refers only to those physicians who call themselves the "best," who attribute the patient's cure to their skill only, denying God's involvement, thus they are heretics and will end up in hell. Another interpretation which Dr. Rosner did not mention is that these<i>best of physicians</i>consider themselves the great authorities, and will not call a consultant, even in the most difficult cases. This does not apply to the average doctor who believes in God's help, and is glad to call a consultant when necessary. The Talmud has a
Culprit coronary lesion location correlates closely with aortic root mechanics early after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Spyros G. Lambrou, Constantina Aggeli, Dimosthenis Panagiotakos, Christos Pitsavos, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
European red tape holds back UK research, say academics
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Clinical academics are becoming increasingly concerned at the growing number of hurdles that must be overcome to get funding for medical research in the United Kingdom. 

They argue in a recent letter to the Times that UK research is being jeopardised by the plethora of checks and counterchecks, which can delay the start of a trial by as much as two years (www.timesonline.co.uk, 14 Jan, “UK research trials are on verge of extinction”).

More than 100 academics signed the letter, originally drawn up by Morris Brown, chairman of clinical pharmacology at Cambridge University, and also signed by George …
S103 No Loss In Efficacy Following Switch From Salmeterol/fluticasone Combination To Indacaterol Monotherapy In Patients With Moderate Copd: The Instead Study
Authors: A. Rossi, T. v. d. Molen, R. D. Olmo, A. Papi, L. Webhe, M. Quinn, C. Lu, D. Young, R. Cameron, E. Bucchioni, P. Altman
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Many patients with low risk of COPD exacerbations receive twice-daily (<i>bid</i>) LABA/ICS, salmeterol/fluticasone (SFC), for maintenance treatment. This study evaluated the effect of switching these patients to a once-daily (<i>od</i>) LABA, indacaterol, monotherapy. <h3>Methods</h3> INSTEAD was a 26-week double-blind, double-dummy study in patients aged ≥40 years, with moderate COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub> 50–80% predicted) and no exacerbations in the past 12 months, who were receiving SFC 50/500 μg <i>bid</i> for ≥3 months prior to study entry. Patients were randomised (1:1) to continue with SFC 50/500 μg or to be switched (with no washout) to indacaterol 150 μg. The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of indacaterol to SFC, measured by trough FEV<sub>1</sub> after 12 weeks (non-inferiority margin: 60 mL). Trough FEV1 was also evaluated at 4, 8 and 26 weeks. TDI and SGRQ-C total scores were evaluated at Weeks 12 and 26; the annualised rate of exacerbations and safety were evaluated over 26 weeks. <h3>Results</h3> A total of581 patients were randomised (indacaterol: 293; SFC: 288); 85.4% completed the study. The primary endpoint was met, with a LSM difference in trough FEV<sub>1</sub> between indacaterol and SFC of –9 mL (95% CI: –45 to 26 mL; p = 0·002 for NI). There were no significant differences between treatments in trough FEV<sub>1</sub> at any of the other visits (Baseline and Weeks 4, 8 and 26). The TDI and SGRQ-C total scores and their responder rates were similar between two treatments, at both Weeks 12 and 26 (Table 1). During the 26 week treatment period, 79.5% and 74.7% of patients in the indacaterol and SFC groups, respectively, experienced no exacerbations. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments in the rate of all COPD exacerbations per year, with rates of 0.57 vs 0.67, respectively (RR 0.86 [95% CI 0.62, 1.20]; p = 0.367). Adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs were comparable between the treatment arms. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Indacaterol was non-inferior to SFC in terms of bronchodilation and showed similar efficacy in terms of breathlessness, health status, and exacerbation rate indicating that this group of patients can be switched from SFC to indacaterol 150 µg with no loss in efficacy.
Transparent Development of the WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines
Authors: Holger J Schünemann, Suzanne R Hill, Meetali Kakad, Gunn E Vist, Richard Bellamy, Lauren Stockman, Torbjørn Fosen Wisløff, Chris Del Mar, Frederick Hayden, Timothy M Uyeki, Jeremy Farrar, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Howard Zucker, John Beigel, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Tran Tinh Hien, Bülent Özbay, Norio Sugaya, Andrew D Oxman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Emerging health problems require rapid advice. We describe the development and pilot testing of a systematic, transparent approach used by the World Health Organization (WHO) to develop rapid advice guidelines in response to requests from member states confronted with uncertainty about the pharmacological management of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection. We first searched for systematic reviews of randomized trials of treatment and prevention of seasonal influenza and for non-trial evidence on H5N1 infection, including case reports and animal and in vitro studies. A panel of clinical experts, clinicians with experience in treating patients with H5N1, influenza researchers, and methodologists was convened for a two-day meeting. Panel members reviewed the evidence prior to the meeting and agreed on the process. It took one month to put together a team to prepare the evidence profiles (i.e., summaries of the evidence on important clinical and policy questions), and it took the team only five weeks to prepare and revise the evidence profiles and to prepare draft guidelines prior to the panel meeting. A draft manuscript for publication was prepared within 10 days following the panel meeting. Strengths of the process include its transparency and the short amount of time used to prepare these WHO guidelines. The process could be improved by shortening the time required to commission evidence profiles. Further development is needed to facilitate stakeholder involvement, and evaluate and ensure the guideline's usefulness.
IMPROVEMENT OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC CIRCUMFERENTIAL MECHANICAL DISPERSION BY CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IS RELATED TO LESS VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS
Authors: Nina E. Hasselberg, Kristina H. Haugaa, Anne Brunet Bernard, Erik Kongsgård, Erwan Donal, Thor Edvardsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
IRE1β Inhibits Chylomicron Production by Selectively Degrading MTP mRNA
Authors: Jahangir Iqbal, Kezhi Dai, Tracie Seimon, Rivka Jungreis, Miho Oyadomari, George Kuriakose, David Ron, Ira Tabas, M. Mahmood Hussain
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)
853 ANEMIA IN A COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C ON TRIPLE THERAPY
Authors: E. Llop, J. Cabezas, J. Selmo, J. de la Revilla, J.L. Martínez, S. Menéndez, F. Pons, K. Torres, M. Trapero, J. Crespo, J.L. Calleja
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES AND ANTI-ENZYMES OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUIDS
Authors: A. R. Dochez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

The experiments which have been presented show that the spinal fluid occupies a unique position among the fluids which accumulate in serous cavities of the body. It contains normally neither proteolytic enzyme nor anti-enzyme, whereas blood serum, from which it is derived, exhibits both enzymotic and anti-enzymotic activity. In the blood anti-enzyme greatly predominates over enzyme, so that proteolysis does not occur, unless the anti-enzymotic power of the serum has been destroyed by the addition of acid. In pathological conditions both enzyme and anti-enzyme may make their appearance in the spinal fluid. With inflammations of other serous cavities of the body the anti-enzyme of the exuded serum as a rule preponderates over and restrains the activity of the proteolytic enzyme freed from leucocytes. On the other hand, in infection of the meninges with Diplococcus lanceolatus and with Streptococcus mucosus free proteolytic enzyme has been present in considerable amount in four of five fluids which have been tested. Free proteolytic enzyme has not been observed in the spinal fluid in cases of epidemic meningitis. The cases which have been studied demonstrate that in epidemic meningitis some anti-enzymotic action may be present in the early stages of the disease; but it tends to disappear rapidly so that anti-enzyme seems to be constantly at a low ebb. It is possible that the absence of anti-enzyme in normal spinal fluid, and the tendency for it to disappear so much more rapidly than in other inflammatory exudates, may explain in part the severity of acute meningeal infections. Non-inflammatory transudates into the subdural spaces differ from inflammatory exudates in that the inhibitory element of the blood serum accumulates, and this accumulation suggests an interference with the elimination of the antibody from the spinal fluid. Such interference is not evident in so-called serous meningitis. In content of anti-enzyme the spinal fluid of chronic conditions, such as tuberculous meningitis, apparently occupies an intermediate position between acute inflammation and serous effusion, and five of seven tuberculous fluids which were tested exhibited various degrees of anti-enzymotic action. Variations in content of enzyme and anti-enzyme, noted above, may depend upon the rapidity with which the fluid, carrying the elements mentioned, enters the spinal cavity, as well as upon the rate of their elimination from the spinal fluid. Subdural injection of large quantities of anti-meningitis serum (horse's blood serum) does not increase the anti-enzymotic activity of fluids withdrawn twenty-four hours after its injection; disappearance of anti-enzyme being caused by rapid elimination of serum from the spinal fluid.
Clinical Applications for Muscle and Musculocutaneous Flaps
Authors: Joseph E. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This superb text, 750 pages with 41 color plates and an excellent index, is written by two plastic surgeons trained under Dr M. J. Jurkiewicz at Emory University: Dr Mathes, currently at University of California in San Francisco, and Dr Nahai, still at Emory University. Dr W. Dean Warren, chairman of the Department of Surgery at Emory University, states in his foreword that this book should mute the commonly heard theme that plastic and reconstructive surgery serves only the wealthy and vain.  The authors and their 13 contributors represent that group of dedicated, imaginative, hard-working plastic surgeons who have revolutionized the art and practice of surgical repair during the past decade. This revolution will have an impact equal to that following Dr Padgett's invention and description of the dermatome more than 50 years ago.  This book is logically organized into four sections. Part 1 (156 pages) on principles classifies muscles
Child Abuse Problem Demands Much of Physician But Also of the Community and Its Officials
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE WAN FACE of Lisa Steinberg, hair slightly disheveled, touched the nation's heart and brought child abuse to the forefront of attention. Although Lisa's story is a tragedy, perhaps a greater sorrow is the knowledge that approximately three such deaths occur every day. Although, as Richard D. Krugman, MD, of the Kempe National Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect in Denver, Colo, wrote in a recent editorial, "We should recognize as our highest priority the prevention of all forms of physical abuse" (<i>N Engl J Med.</i>1989;320:531-532), it is still important to recognize child abuse when death is not prevented. One reason is to protect siblings. Another, successful prosecution, "may have a relatively low priority," according to Krugman, but "a higher priority would be... systematic, meticulous efforts to study child deaths.... All professionals treating children need to learn from their failures." <h3>American Academy of Pediatrics</h3>
REPORT OF TWO CASES OF TYPHOID FEVER, WITH PERFORATION AND OPERATION.
Authors: JEROME B. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

A mild epidemic of typhoid fever occurred in this mountain settlement during the dry season just passed. There were seven cases in all, five of the patients being members of a gang of Japanese carpenters who lived on the lower floor of the servants' barracks of the Civil Government Sanitarium. The upper floor was occupied by Chinese and by native Filipino servants, but no case of typhoid occurred in the building, besides the five Japanese. The origin of the infection of the carpenters is uncertain, but it is probable that the first patient contracted the disease in one of the neighboring road-camps and that the flies, of which there was a plague during the dry months, carried the infection from his dejecta to the food of his companions. A general infection of the water or food supply of the neighborhood doubtless would have affected a larger proportion of the forty
Limited Synthesis of Mammary Tumor Virus Antigens in Lymphoid Tissues and in Certain Leukemias of High Mammary Cancer Strains
Authors: Jo Hilgers, Robert Nowinski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Limited Synthesis of Mammary Tumor Virus Antigens in Lymphoid Tissues and in Certain Leukemias of High Mammary Cancer Strains Get access Jo Hilgers, Jo Hilgers Department of Biology, The Netherlancls Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Nowinski Robert Nowinski McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 4, April 1972, Page 1242, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.4.1242 Published: 01 April 1972
BMJ on the internet
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (1995)

1840 marked the introduction of the penny post and the first issue of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal (the BMJ's precursor).1 Since then the journal has depended crucially on the postal services for its distribution. Any change to this intimate relationship has been unthinkable—until the arrival of the internet.

The internet is a global network of computers that allows communication among its estimated 30 million users.2 As Enrico Coiera points out in his article on recent advances in medical informatics (p 1381),3 one of the internet's most important recent innovations has been the creation of the World Wide Web, which allows users to exchange not only text (email does that) but images, sound, and video. Documents are stored as “home pages” at “web sites” and are available for the price of a local telephone call to anyone with a computer, a modem, and a contract for access to the internet. Two years ago there were about 100 web sites; on current projections this will have increased to about 40000 by the end of this year.4 From this week the BMJ will be one of these sites—the first general medical journal to launch itself into cyberspace. For the journal the consequences may be as far reaching as the introduction of the penny post. …
Observations on THE RELATION OF MALIGNANT DISEASE TO BENIGN TUMOURS OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: M. J. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1929)

TH2_E subject of our discussioni is not iew,.but it is one to wlhiel considerable attentioni has beeii devoted in recent yenars, and it may bo uiseful if, at this time, we enldeavour to br-ing together suLlch facts as we may think awe have aisccrtained in the course of our labours, and such specula- tions as may help to give a clue to ouir obscurities.In ])articular it is desirable to know to wlhat extent we are in agreemlet oni tlhe maini issues, and whereinl individual experience differs.Lu goinig over the data, anatomical and documentary, which I liave accumulated on this subject during the last itenty years, I have been surlprised at both its amount and its variety.Simple tumours of the alinmontary tract, like .oimianiy other uniobtrusiv-e lesions, are found with con- a;iderable frequency when carefully looked for, and, while usually of little clinical importance per se, in a certain proportion of cases they are attended by the most serious consequences.It is with one of these consequences, the development of malignancy, that we are concernied to-day.As openier of the discussion it will probably be most coniv-eniient if I pass in rev-iew the varlious kinids of simple tiliiiours which occur in the alimentalry tr-act, considering at the same time the incidence and nature of thle malignant thlitniges to which each i.s liable.Subsequent speakers can then extend anid elaborate those aspects of the problem in wh-lieli they are particularly interested.Mv owni remarks will be based chiefly oni my personal experience of human material, but it is hoped that duiring the discussion the comiparative and experimental sides will not be i1eglected.CONNECTiVvJ TIsSUE TTmuounIs.Simple colnnective tissuie tumours of the alimentary tract aire of comparatively infrequenit occulrrenice, the onily two of any consequence beinig lipoma and leiomyyoma.I have encounitered only five examples of submucous lipoma of the stomachl, all of them small and sessile, lllere casual findings at necropsy.In another case there was a pedunculated lipooma the size of a hazel-nut at the junction of the first aniid seconid portions of the duodenum.It also was a casual findlinig; but tumours of this type elsewhere in the intes-