tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in glycosylated haemoglobin after oral glucose load.
Authors: I N Scobie, F Onyanga-Omara, M Singaraveloo, A R Forrest, A C MacCuish, W G Manderson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

To study the relation between hyperglycaemia and a change in the concentration of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) blood glucose and HbA1 concentrations were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test and for 120 days afterwards in 20 normal subjects. These measurements showed that a minor degree of hyperglycaemia led to a significant increase in lycosylated haemoglobin concentrations. The increase appeared 10 days after the test, and values remained raised until 30 days and returned to normal 60 days after the test. If such a minor fluctuation of blood glucose can lead to a significant increase in HbA1 concentrations the test may be too sensitive as an index of long-term blood glucose control in diabetics.
Enhanced ectopic bone formation using a combination of plasmid DNA impregnation into 3-D scaffold and bioreactor perfusion culture
Authors: Hossein Hosseinkhani, Masaya Yamamoto, Yasuyuki Inatsugu, Yosuke Hiraoka, Sachiko Inoue, Hitoyata Shimokawa, Yasuhiko Tabata
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
An Extrarenal Role for Parathyroid Hormone in the Disposal of Acute Acid Loads in Rats and Dogs
Authors: Donald S. Fraley, Sheldon Adler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Acid infusion studies were performed in nephrectomized rats and dogs with either intact parathyroid glands (intact) or after thyroparathyroidectomy (thyroparathyroidectomized [TPTX]) to determine the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in extrarenal disposal and buffering of acutely administered acid. 29 intact rats given 5 mM/kg HCl and 6 intact dogs given 7 mM/kg HCl developed severe metabolic acidosis but all survived. However, each of 12 TPTX rats and 4 TPTX dogs given the same acid loads died. Intact rats and dogs buffered 39 and 50% of administered acid extracellularly, respectively, whereas extracellular buffering of administered acid was 97 and 78% in TPTX rats and dogs, respectively. 17 TPTX rats and 6 TPTX dogs given synthetic PTH 2 h before acid infusion survived. The blood bicarbonate and extracellular buffering in these animals, measured 2 h after acid infusion, was similar to intact animals. Changes in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle pH determined from [14C]5,5-dimethyl-2,4 oxazolidinedione distribution seemed insufficient to account for the increased cell buffering of PTH-replaced animals. Indeed, muscle pH in TPTX dogs given PTH and acid was only 0.06 pH units lower than in control dogs given no acid, suggesting that another tissue, presumably bone, was the target for PTH-mediated increased cell buffering. This conclusion was supported by the observation that PTH did not alter the pH of intact rat diaphragms in vitro. These results indicate that PTH is necessary for the optimal buffering of large, acute acid loads presumably by increasing bone buffering.
Severe anaphylactoid reaction to nalidixic acid
Authors: R. Valdivieso, J. Pola, E. Losada, J. Subiza, A. Armentia, C. Zapata
Journal: Allergy (1988)

We present the case of a 58-year-old non-atopic woman who suffered an adverse reaction to orally administered nalidixic acid, which had been prescribed for the treatment of a urinary tract infection. The single-blind oral provocation test was positive; the patient presented the clinical features of an anaphylactoid reaction 3 min after administration of nalidixic acid. Both the skin test and the histamine release test were negative. These results suggest that we are dealing with an anaphylactoid reaction not described before with this drug.
Hepatectomy versus radiofrequency ablation for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma1
Authors: Tetsuji Fujita
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

In an excellent review of locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Lencioni1 states that there are no unequivocal data backing up radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a replacement for hepatic resection as a first-line treatment for patients with early-stage HCC because optimal randomized controlled trials are lacking and a subset of HCCs that have a subcapsular location or are adjacent to the gallbladder or a large vessel are not candidates for RFA. Another advantage of hepatic resection over RFA that is not mentioned in the article is the pathological information obtained at resection, from which we learn about the presence or absence of established risk factors for recurrence, such as microscopic vascular invasion and satellite metastases.2 A proportion of clinically early HCCs have pathologically progressed. Patients with such tumors would benefit from adjuvant therapy after surgical resection or RFA because late recurrence, which can be defined as tumor relapse detected 24 months or more after the initial tumor ablation,3 is likely due to multicentric occurrence rather than local treatment failure. A randomized controlled trial was stopped prematurely because of significant advantages with respect to both overall survival and disease-free survival in patients who received an intra-arterial injection of radioactive 131I-labeled lipiodol after surgical resection.4 As briefly mentioned in the article, the ongoing Sorafenib as Adjuvant Treatment in the Prevention of Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma trial5 plans to randomize 1100 patients to adjuvant sorafenib or a placebo after hepatic resection or percutaneous ablation. New techniques with increased sensitivity to tumor aggressiveness, such as multi-arterial phase magnetic resonance imaging,6 may replace surgical resection with RFA followed by adjuvant therapy. From the patient's point of view, RFA is more feasible than surgery if equivalent outcomes are expected because RFA is likely to have the advantages of being less invasive, costing less, and requiring a shorter hospital stay. Tetsuji Fujita M.D.*, * Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Primary health care led NHS: learning from developing countries
Authors: P. Johnstone, I. McConnan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Many lessons

Over the past 30 years a wide range of developing countries have successfully developed a model of primary health care promoted by theWorld Health Organisation. This is based on the idea of “essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology, made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain.”1 2 It differs fundamentally from the primary care system in the United Kingdom, which relies more on technical and curative care than the community oriented approach. Many Western countries, including the United Kingdom, are now, however, shifting their policies to strengthen primary health care,3 and there could be lessons to be learnt from the achievements of developing countries.

In the 1950s and ‘60s many developing countries faced a daunting task. Economic recession meant that many could not even start to emulate the West's medical model of health based on hospital medicine and high technology. A different model of care emerged, which recognised that the health of populations was determined by factors other than medical care and that …
The TSC2/mTOR pathway drives endothelial cell transformation induced by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor
Authors: Akrit Sodhi, Risa Chaisuparat, Jiadi Hu, Amanda K. Ramsdell, Brendan D. Manning, Edward A. Sausville, Earl T. Sawai, Alfredo Molinolo, J. Silvio Gutkind, Silvia Montaner
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM TONSILS
Authors: DAVID J. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Work on the bacteriology of the tonsils has largely been confined to the examination of swabs and smears made directly from the surface of the tonsils<i>in situ</i>. This surface is necessarily contaminated by bacteria from the mouth, throat, nose, food, etc., and the great variety of bacteria reported to have been found here is thus at least partly explained. It is evident, too, that the bacterial flora on the surface may be very different from that in the crypts. The present study, therefore, was made before and after excision of the tonsils and a comparison made of the bacterial flora of the surfaces and in the depths. The tonsils, usually enlarged, were obtained from patients with a variety of clinical conditions, including chronic joint affections, nephritis, endocarditis, rheumatic fever, recurring tonsillitis, etc. The detailed facts are reserved for later publication. Tonsils from forty-five patients have been examined. The excised
Clinical Malignant Hematology
Authors: Paulette Mehta
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Postsurgical Atypical F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Uptake
Authors: Jacob G. Dubroff, Abass Alavi, Joseph S. Friedberg, Keith A. Cengel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

False positive recognition is crucial for proper interpretation of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) studies. A 48-year-old woman previously diagnosed with stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy and intraoperative photodynamic therapy over a month prior to PET/CT imaging, which revealed significant tracer uptake within muscles and soft tissue in several sites contralateral to the location of surgery. The FDG-PET images of this case illustrate the importance of communication between physicians ordering and physicians reading FDG-PET/CT scans as well as atypical FDG-PET findings that could be interpreted as concerning but are, in fact, innocuous. This study also demonstrates the unusual glucose metabolic patterns which may arise after treatment, be it surgical, chemotherapeutic, or radiation.
Lymphoscintigraphy and Radionuclide Venography in Chylothorax
Authors: Jose M. Restrepo, Vicente J. Caride
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Lymphoscintigraphy and radionuclide venography were performed as part of the diagnostic workup in a patient with chylothorax and no history of trauma or surgery. Lymphoscintigraphy revealed accumulation of tracer in the left chest wall and lung, and radionuclide venography demonstrated vena cava thrombosis. Chylothorax was felt to be secondary to central venous obstruction in this patient with a history of AIDS and cirrhosis. CT of the chest confirmed thrombosis of the superior and inferior vena cava. Lymphoscintigraphy and radionuclide venography are noninvasive methods useful in the workup of patients with chylothorax.
Management of the Severely Demented Patient
Authors: Jonathan G. Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent article on medical ethics by L. R. Kass (1983; 249:1305) prompted this letter concerning the wisdom and propriety of treating demented patients. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> An 87-year-old demented woman was hospitalized with acute and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) complaints, primarily lower abdominal pains, which she had had for 40 years. Results of a comprehensive examination were normal, including upper GI tract series, upper GI tract panendoscopy, abdominal EMI scan, barium enema examination, and sigmoidoscopy. A psychiatric consultation was requested to evaluate her dementia. She was out of touch with reality and had generalized slowing on her EEG and generalized, moderately severe cerebral atrophy on the EMI scan of her head. <h3>Comment.—</h3> This case raises the question of whether it is proper to order so complete a workup on a severely demented patient. The internist was looking for a bowel carcinoma, the third leading cause of
Induction of apoptosis in the murine liver with recombinant human activin a
Authors: James R. Hully, Ling Chang, Ralph H. Schwall, Ramon H. Widmer, Timothy G. Terrell, Nancy A. Gillett
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Recombinant human activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, induced significant cell loss in rodent livers and in primary hepatocyte cultures. Histologically and biochemically the hepatocyte death was mediated by apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death. Male mice were treated with 200 or 500 micrograms recombinant human activin A/kg body wt/day for up to 3 days by means of a subcutaneously implanted minipump. Livers were taken for light and electron microscopy, DNA isolation and in situ nick end-labeling. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were treated with 10 ng/ml recombinant human activin A for 24 hr before being harvested for electron microscopy and DNA isolation. Infusion of activin A evoked dose-dependent loss of liver mass due to the atrophy and death of hepatocytes around the central vein. Morphologically, the dying cells demonstrated all the characteristic nuclear and cytoplasmic features of apoptosis. Low molecular weight DNA isolated activin A-treated intact livers and primary cultures exhibited the typical oligosomal ladder. Nick end-labeling of DNA in situ confirmed that virtually all topographical apoptotic hepatocytes had fragmented DNA. The currently accepted criteria for apoptosis (i.e., specific morphological alterations and internucleosomal clipping of DNA) were evident in activin A-treated hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo, leading to the conclusion that cell loss occurs mainly through apoptosis. These observations suggest that activin A may be important in hepatic homeostasis.
Senescence-initiated Reversal of Drug Resistance
Authors: Xin Zheng, Pauline M. Chou, Bernard L. Mirkin, Abdelhadi Rebbaa
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The present study was undertaken to verify whether induction of senescence could be sufficient to reverse drug resistance and, if so, to determine the underlying mechanism(s). Our findings indicated that cotreatment of drug-resistant neuroblastoma cells with doxorubicin, at sublethal concentrations, in combination with the pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-VD-OPH, elicited a strong reduction of cell viability that occurred in a caspase-independent manner. This was accompanied by the appearance of a senescence phenotype, as evidenced by increased p21/WAF1 expression and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Experiments using specific inhibitors of major cellular proteases other than caspases have shown that inhibition of cathepsin L, but not proteasome or cathepsin B, was responsible for the senescence-initiated reversal of drug resistance. This phenomenon appeared to be general because it was valid for other drugs and drug-resistant cell lines. A nonchemical approach, through cell transfection with cathepsin L small interfering RNA, also strongly reversed drug resistance. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that cathepsin L inhibition resulted in the alteration of intracellular drug distribution. In addition, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that p21/WAF1 is a substrate for cathepsin L, suggesting that inhibition of this enzyme may result in p21/WAF1 stabilization and its increased accumulation. All together, these findings suggest that cathepsin L inhibition in drug-resistant cells facilitates induction of senescence and reversal of drug resistance. This may represent the basis for a novel function of cathepsin L as a cell survival molecule responsible for initiation of resistance to chemotherapy.
EFFECT OF ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE THERAPY ON LEFT ATRIAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE
Authors: Juan Pablo Albisu Di Gennaro, Susan Cheng, Kaitlyn O&apos;Brien, Beejal Shah, Imran Uraizee, Amil Shah, Joseph Izzo, Suzanne Oparil, Bertram Pitt, Scott Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome in a Rwandan Kindred in Uganda
Authors: J. L. Ziegler, P. C. Stuiver
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Twenty members of an immigrant Rwandan kindred were all found to have tropical splenomegaly syndrome compared with 29 out of 50 matched neighbour controls. Splenomegaly among the controls tended to cluster within families. IgM levels were significantly raised in the kindred compared with the control subjects without splenomegaly but were similar to those of neighbours with splenic enlargement. We advance a hypothesis that tropical splenomegaly syndrome results from the production of circulating immune complexes in individuals genetically predisposed to produce an IgM antibody response.
STUDIES OF A MYXOVIRUS RECOVERED FROM PATIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS
Authors: Harvey Liebhaber, Saul Krugman, Dorothy McGregor, Joan P. Giles
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

A virus has been isolated from the serum and urine of patients with infectious hepatitis. This virus is a member of the parinfluenza group. It is serologically distinct from the known members of the group, but apparently is antigenically related to the simian type-2 parainfluenza viruses. A causal relationship between WB virus and infectious hepatitis has not been established.
Abstract 4078: Novel 3D co-cultural model for epithelial-stromal cells interaction in prostate cancer.
Authors: Xiaolan Fang, Sittadjody Sivanandane, Kenneth Gyabaah, K.C. Balaji
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Paracrine function is a major mechanism of cell-cell communication within tissue microenvironment in both normal development and disease. In vitro cell culture models simulating tissue or tumor microenvironment are necessary tools to delineate epithelial stromal interactions including paracrine function. Yet an ideal 3-dimensional (3D) tumor model specifically studying paracrine function is currently lacking. In order to fill this void we developed a novel 3D co-culture model, using double layered alginate hydrogel microspheres to incorporate prostate cancer epithelial and stromal cells. The cells remained confined and viable within their respective spheres for over 30 days. As a proof of principle regarding paracrine function of the model, we measured shedded component of E-cadherin (sE-cad) in the conditioned media, a major membrane bound cell adhesive molecule that is highly dysregulated in cancers including prostate. In addition to demonstrating that sE-cad can be reliably quantified in the conditioned media, the time course experiments also proved that the amount of sE-cad is influenced by epithelial stromal interaction. In conclusion, the study establishes a novel 3D in vitro co-culture model that can be used to study cell-cell paracrine interaction. Citation Format: Xiaolan Fang, Sittadjody Sivanandane, Kenneth Gyabaah, K.C. Balaji. Novel 3D co-cultural model for epithelial-stromal cells interaction in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4078. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4078
Understanding MeSH for Literature Searches
Authors: Edgar Fremer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their recent article, Drs Lowe and Barnett<sup>1</sup>give a comprehensive and instructive overview of how to use the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) vocabulary when searching the MEDLINE database. The authors believe that successful MEDLINE searches require the use and knowledge of MeSH. This is, of course, true. On the other hand, they mention the problem with "free-text" searching for words in titles or abstracts, stating that this method is often an important reason why MEDLINE searches fail. In my experience, MeSH alone is not sufficient when creating powerful and comprehensive MEDLINE searches. I believe that both the MeSH vocabulary and free-text searching must be used. The MeSH vocabulary is an excellent tool, but the depth and quality of indexing vary, and there is no doubt that MEDLINE—as well as most databases—suffers from incomplete indexing.<sup>2</sup> A basic principle in indexing ought
The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on Pulmonary Circulation
Authors: J. B. Agarwal, J. C. Hogg, W. H. Palmer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Journal Article The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on Pulmonary Circulation Get access Jai B. Agarwal, Jai B. Agarwal From McGill University Clinic of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James C. Hogg, James C. Hogg † From McGill University Clinic of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada † Fellow of the Medical Research Council of Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wilfred H. Palmer Wilfred H. Palmer From McGill University Clinic of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 3, Issue 4, October 1969, Pages 459–466, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/3.4.459 Published: 01 October 1969 Article history Received: 18 April 1969 Published: 01 October 1969