tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced LTP in Mice Deficient in the AMPA Receptor GluR2
Authors: Zhengping Jia, Nadia Agopyan, Peter Miu, Zhigang Xiong, Jeff Henderson, Robert Gerlai, Franco A Taverna, Alexander Velumian, John MacDonald, Peter Carlen, Wanda Abramow-Newerly, John Roder
Journal: Neuron (1996)
Effects of A-Bomb Radiation on the Human Body
Authors: Glyn G. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Released just before the 50th anniversary of the first and second wartime uses of atomic weapons, this book collects and summarizes the adverse health effects resulting from the detonations at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It is an expanded version of the<i>A-Bomb Radiation Effects Digest</i>published in 1993 and previously reviewed in<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup>Both volumes have been adapted from the publication of the data in Japanese (<i>Genbaku Hoshasen no Jintai Eikyou</i>), with subsequent translation into English. This larger volume contains 20 major sections written by 39 Japanese authors, who compile and collate the literature and research on adverse health effects in the survivors into 1991. The book begins with a brief overview of the physical destructive effects of the bombs, then turns to the radiation releases and subsequent health effects. Because of the importance of exposure to understanding the health effects, the various exposure and dose estimates are compared beginning
Haemodynamic changes resulting from thrombin induced intravascular coagulation
Authors: P. Olsson, K. Radegran, G. A. Taylor
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Thrombin induced intravascular coagulation in dogs resulted in systemic hypotension due to fall in total peripheral vascular resistance as the cardiac output was unchanged. An increase in pulmonary vascular resistance occurred when thrombin was infused into the right atrium or pulmonary artery. These early haemodynamic changes are thought to be due to a release of vasoactivity rather than occlusion of the microcirculation by thrombin or cell aggregation.
Rapid Serum Lidocaine Determination in the Coronary Care Unit
Authors: Stuart M. Deglin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Eighty-four serum lidocaine determinations were made in 33 hospitalized patients with the use of a rapid enzyme innumoassay technique. Prediction of lidocaine concentration within broad categories based on clinical assessment alone was compared with actual measurements. When serum concentrations were not considered, most episodes of lidocaine toxic reactions were obscured by associated complex clinical problems. The rapid lidocaine enzyme immunoassay is a useful tool for assisting in the detection of lidocaine toxic reactions in the coronary care unit.
Hemodynamic features of prolapsing and nonprolapsing left atrial myxoma.
Authors: R J Sung, A R Ghahramani, S M Mallon, S E Richter, L S Sommer, S Gottlieb, R J Myerburg
Journal: Circulation (1975)

In the course of the evaluation of five patients with left atrial myxoma, it was noted that the movement of the myxoma was related to specific changes in left atrial hemodynamics. Prolapsing tumors, Type I, move from the left ventricle to the left atrium in early systole and from the left atrium to the left ventricle in early diastole, thereby causing prominent c and v waves accompanied by a rapid y descent. Nonprolapsing tumors, Type II, remain in the left atrium during the entire cardiac cycle, impeding flow across the mitral valve. In these latter cases, the y descent is slow and indistinguishable from that caused by mitral valvular stenosis. The cineangiocardiograms and echocardiograms corroborate these two types of hemodynamic observations. The particular value of direct echocardiographic examination of the left atrium prior to cardiac catheterization was evident in two of the three patients with nonprolapsing tumors. Since the hemodynamic pattern of nonprolapsing left atrial myxoma resembles that of mitral valvular stenosis, it is stressed that echocardiography should have an important place in precatheterization assessment of patients with mitral valve disease. If left atrial myxoma is suspected clinically or on the basis of echocardiographic findings, regardless of the pressure curve contours, transseptal cardiac catheterization should be avoided and the left atrium visualized by pulmonary angiography levophase.
Abstract 5121: Differential expression of CC chemokine receptor-9 in prostate cancer.
Authors: Rajesh Singh, Pranav Gupta, William E. Grizzle, James W. Lillard, Shailesh Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US. Precise etiology and molecular target to treat prostate cancer is yet to be defined. In recent years, involvement of chemokines and their corresponding receptors in pathogenesis of prostate cancer has gained tremendous attention. We have previously shown that CC chemokines receptor-9 (CCR9) is significantly expressed in prostate cancer cell lines compared to normal epithelial cells derived from prostate. Furthermore, we have shown higher invasive and migratory potential of prostate cancer cells under the chemotactic gradient of CCL25, the only known natural ligand of CCR9. The aim of this study was to establish the clinical relevance of CCR9 in prostate cancer using tissue micro array (TMA). The TMAs were stained for CCR9 and virtual slides were created using an Aperio ScanScope scanning system to numerically analyze the Immuno-intensity of CCR9. The ScanScope generated true color digital images of each stained sample, which were viewed and analyzed using Aperio ImageScope (version 6.25 software). Our data show higher expression of CCR9 in prostate cancer tissues compared to match benign tissues. Interestingly, CCR9 immuno-intensity was stronger in tissues with Gleason grade 8 and above. This study suggests the potential involvement of CCR9 in pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Rajesh Singh, Pranav Gupta, William E. Grizzle, James W. Lillard, Shailesh Singh. Differential expression of CC chemokine receptor-9 in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5121. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5121
Growth hormone receptor regulates β cell hyperplasia and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in obese mice
Authors: Yingjie Wu, Chengyu Liu, Hui Sun, Archana Vijayakumar, Pejman Raeisi Giglou, Ruifang Qiao, Joshua Oppenheimer, Shoshana Yakar, Derek LeRoith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Insulin, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) play key roles in the regulation of β cell growth and function. Although β cells express the GH receptor, the direct effects of GH on β cells remain largely unknown. Here we have employed a rat insulin II promoter-driven (RIP-driven) Cre recombinase to disrupt the GH receptor in β cells (βGHRKO). βGHRKO mice fed a standard chow diet exhibited impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion but had no changes in β cell mass. When challenged with a high-fat diet, βGHRKO mice showed evidence of a β cell secretory defect, with further deterioration of glucose homeostasis indicated by their altered glucose tolerance and blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Interestingly, βGHRKO mice were impaired in β cell hyperplasia in response to a high-fat diet, with decreased β cell proliferation and overall reduced β cell mass. Therefore, GH receptor plays critical roles in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β cell compensation in response to a high-fat diet.
TREATMENT OF PARALYSIS AGITANS WITH VITAMIN B6 (PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE)
Authors: A. B. BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Pyridoxine hydrochloride, or the vitamin B 6 fraction of the vitamin B complex, was first discovered by Gyorgy 1 in 1935 and was first prepared synthetically in 1939 by Harris and Folkers. 2 It consists of 2-methyl-3 hydroxy-4, 5-dihydroxy-methyl-pyridine. It was first used clinically by Antopol and Schotland 3 with beneficial results in 6 patients with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. These authors expressed the belief that the drug, through its pyridine structure, was involved in the enzyme system concerned in muscular metabolism. Jolliffe, 4 believing muscular metabolism to be involved in paralysis agitans, tested the drug in this condition. He reported its use in 15 patients with paralysis agitans, all of whom had severe involvement. All patients received 50 to 100 mg. of pyridoxine hydrochloride intravenously. Four of the 15 patients showed definite objective improvement. The best results occurred in the idiopathic or arteriosclerotic type of the disease.  Since a considerable
Activated Coagulation Time of Whole Blood
Authors: Paul G. Hattersley
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The determination of the coagulation time of whole blood, as usually performed, has proven an inadequately sensitive means of detecting hemorrhagic diatheses. Many patients with low-grade but potentially dangerous hemophilioid disorders show clotting times well within the normal range. This insensitivity results from two well-established characteristics of the coagulation mechanism: (1) Contact activation, the first and clinically least important stage of the process, requires most of the time of coagulation. (2) Unavoidable variations in degree of contact activation in drawing and observing the blood obscure any but the greatest increases in time of the shorter and more important stages of the process. Insensitivity is therefore inherent in the measurement of coagulation time unless one either eliminates the period of contact activation or, at least, drastically and uniformly shortens it. Many workers have used particulate materials with large surface area to effect quick and maximal contact activation of plasma. In 1958
Health Service Bill
Authors: C. J. R. Jacob
Journal: BMJ (1946)

Understanding the role of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) in the carcinogenic process and the metabolic steps involved in the activation of carcinogens will facilitate experiments using pharmacological agents to prevent carcinogenesis. This study assesses the relative amounts of PHS-catalyzed binding of the urinary tract carcinogens [2-14C]-N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT) and [2-14C]-2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl) thiazole (ANFT). Binding to protein and nucleic acid was assessed using PHS prepared from ram seminal vesicle, dog bladder transitional epithelium and rabbit renal inner medulla. PHS-catalyzed binding of ANFT was significantly greater than FANFT in each tissue. Substrate and inhibitor experiments were consistent with the prostaglandin hydroperoxidase activity of PHS catalyzing the binding of FANFT and ANFT. Oxygen was required for metabolism with arachidonic acid but not with peroxide as cosubstrate. The amount of PHS-catalyzed ANFT binding to protein was at least 4-fold greater than FANFT. Whereas a significant amount of FANFT was bound to protein, no FANFT binding to DNA could be detected. By contrast, PHS catalyzed the binding of ANFT to both protein and DNA. A PHS-catalyzed metabolite of ANFT was tentatively identified as the 4-keto analog by mass spectral analysis. The lower rate of PHS-catalyzed metabolism of FANFT compared to ANFT and the lack of detectable FANFT binding to DNA suggest that the metabolic steps involved in the initiation of FANFT-induced bladder cancer include 1) deformylation of FANFT to ANFT, 2) PHS-catalyzed activation of ANFT and 3) binding of an activated ANFT metabolite(s) to DNA.
High-flow nasal cannula oxygen during endotracheal intubation in hypoxemic patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mickael Vourc’h, Pierre Asfar, Christelle Volteau, Konstantinos Bachoumas, Noémie Clavieras, Pierre-Yves Egreteau, Karim Asehnoune, Alain Mercat, Jean Reignier, Samir Jaber, Gwenael Prat, Antoine Roquilly, Noëlle Brule, Daniel Villers, Cédric Bretonnière, Christophe Guitton
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Non-invasive method for delivery of tracer substances or small quantities of other materials to the colon.
Authors: A Chacko, K F Szaz, J Howard, J H Cummings
Journal: Gut (1990)

A miniature osmotic pump has been developed (Osmet) with ALZA, Palo Alto, USA, which can be swallowed, will pass through the stomach and small intestine and then deliver its contents (240 microliters) over eight hours in the large bowel. In vitro studies showed the pumps started to discharge after four to five hours and emptied at a reasonably constant rate of 20.4 microliters/h from 9-16 h (9.6%/h). In vivo studies using gamma-scintigraphy in seven healthy subjects show that the pumps left the fasting stomach at 1.2 h (range 0-3) and arrived in the caecum by 6.4 h (range 5-9). Mean start-up time was 5.3 (0.2) h and the rate of discharge was 15.9 microliters/h for pumps studied from 6-12 h and 17.2 microliters/h for those studied from 10-20 h. This device is simple, safe and effective for the delivery of tracer substances to the caecum and colon without interfering with patients9 normal lifestyle.
Neutrophil collagenase in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: C Power, C M O'Connor, D MacFarlane, S O'Mahoney, K Gaffney, J Hayes, M X FitzGerald
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The potential role of neutrophil elastase in causing lung damage and exacerbating the inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis (CF) has received considerable attention. Although another potent neutrophil-derived enzyme, collagenase, is implicated in tissue destruction in several interstitial lung disorders, there has been no reference to this enzyme in CF. The objective of this study was to determine whether neutrophil collagenase is present in active form in CF sputum and, if so, whether it is related to disease severity. High levels of active collagenase were detected in sputum from patients with CF, and the majority of the enzyme present was of neutrophil origin. In a group of 16 patients with CF, negative relations between sputum collagenase activity and Shwachman score (r = -0.55, p < 0.05) and FEV1 (r = -0.59, p < 0.02) were noted, indicating an association between high collagenase activity and severity of disease. A positive correlation was observed between sputum collagenase and elastase activity (r = 0.62, p < 0.05). These results suggest that both neutrophil elastase and collagenase may play a significant role in lung destruction in CF.
Circulating microRNA-21 as a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yoshito Tomimaru, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Hiroaki Nagano, Hiroshi Wada, Shogo Kobayashi, Shigeru Marubashi, Masahiro Tanemura, Akira Tomokuni, Ichiro Takemasa, Koji Umeshita, Tatsuya Kanto, Yuichiro Doki, Masaki Mori
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A Randomized Trial of Increasing Patching for Amblyopia
Authors: David K. Wallace, Elizabeth L. Lazar, Jonathan M. Holmes, Michael X. Repka, Susan A. Cotter, Angela M. Chen, Raymond T. Kraker, Roy W. Beck, Michael P. Clarke, Ingryd J. Lorenzana, David B. Petersen, Joan T. Roberts, Donny W. Suh
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Molecular evolution of P transposable elements in the genus Drosophila. III. The melanogaster species group
Authors: J. B. Clark, P. C. Kim, M. G. Kidwell
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Phylogenetic relationships were determined for 76 partial P-element sequences from 14 species of the melanogaster species group within the Drosophila subgenus Sophophora. These results are examined in the context of the phylogeny of the species from which the sequences were isolated. Sequences from the P-element family fall into distinct subfamilies, or clades, which are often characteristic for particular species subgroups. When examined locally among closely related species, the evolution of P elements is characterized by vertical transmission, whereby the P-element phylogeny traces the species phylogeny. On a broader scale, however, the P-element phylogeny is not congruent with the species phylogeny. One feature of P-element evolution in the melanogaster group is the presence of more than one P-element subfamily, differing by as much as 36%, in the genomes of some species. Thus, P elements from several individual species are not monophyletic, and a likely explanation for the incongruence between P-element and species phylogenies is provided by the comparison of paralogous sequences. In certain instances, horizontal transfer seems to be a valid alternative explanation for lack of congruence between species and P-element phylogenies. The canonical P-element subfamily, which represents the active, autonomous transposable element, is restricted to D. melanogaster. Thus, its origin clearly lies outside of the melanogaster species group, consistent with the earlier conclusion of recent horizontal transfer.
Ivory Vertebra in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Richard S. Stein, John M. Flexner
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The case report " `Ivory Vertebra' in Hodgkin's Disease' " by Hertz et al (238:2402, 1977) is an interesting demonstration that a sclerotic bone lesion in Hodgkin's disease may respond to radiotherapy. However, both their analysis of the case and the treatment given their patient appear inadequate. Their patient had both a normal lymphangiogram and a normal laparotomy. Nevertheless, the authors conclude that this probably represents a case of local extension from nodal disease. This conclusion is illogical and is not adequately supported by the cited references, which merely suggest that solitary bone involvement by a hematogenous route is uncommon. Although we agree that local pressure or extension may cause osteosclerotic changes, we see no reason to conclude that this occurred in their patient. Instead, with no evidence of local disease, it appears more likely that this represents hematogenous spread. This distinction is not academic since the presence of
Abstract LB-299: Effect of antiangiogenic therapy on tumor growth, vasculature and kinase activity in luminal and basal-like breast cancer xenografts
Authors: Evita Lindholm, Alexandr Kristian, Hawa Nalvoga, Kristi Kruger, Gunhild M. Mælandsmo, Lars A. Akslen, Olav Engebraaten
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Angiogenesis is important for the growth and dissemination of solid tumors, and VEGF-A is one of the main stimulators of this process. Bevacizumab binds VEGF and increases the progression-free, but not overall, survival in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. For determining factors of importance for treatment response and resistance, two different human breast cancer xenografts (luminal -and basal-like) were used, which respond differently to antiangiogenic mono -or combination therapy. Both doxorubicin and bevacizumab inhibited tumor growth significantly in basal-like xenografts, but with a superior effect when given in combination. In contrast, luminal-like tumors demonstrated no additional effect of combination therapy. Vascular characterization demonstrated a total inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation (pMVD) and reduction in mean vascular density (MVD) in the basal-like tumors three days after bevacizumab treatment, not seen in the luminal-like tumors. At day 10, combination treatment reduced pMVD and MVD in both tumors, however only MVD lasted to the end of the experiment and in the basal-like tumors. Analysis of kinase activity in the basal-like tumors after monotherapy demonstrated an early (day 3) increase in the phosphorylation of several targets, followed by a reduction at day 10. Furthermore, the most effective treatment in vivo was accompanied with increased phosphorylation of growth control -and proangiogenic kinase substrates, like PLCγ1, EGFR, PDGFRβ, VEGFR2, and MAP kinases. Early inhibition of vascular proliferation and upregulation of specific signaling pathways, as described above, may therefore indicate important markers for response. Such markers may also be of value in patient stratification, for the prediction of treatment effect. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-299. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-299
Reduction in Severe Hypoglycemia With Long-Term Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Type I Diabetes
Authors: Bruce W Bode, R Dennis Steed, Paul C Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of severe hypoglycemia in patients crossed over from multiple daily injections (MDIs) of insulin to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS From a population of 255 patients using CSII, all patients who met the following selection criteria were included in the present study: 1) a minimum of 12 months on intensive therapy with MDIs before switching to CSII, and 2) a minimum of 12 months on CSII after crossover. Glycemic control and adverse event rates for the 1-year MDI control period were compared with those for the CSII therapy period. RESULTS The incidence of severe hypoglycemia during MDI therapy declined from 138 to 22 events per 100 patient-years during the 1st year of CSII (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and remained significantly lower in years 2, 3, and 4 on CSII (26, 39, and 36, respectively). HbA1c levels did not change significantly between the MDI phase and any year on CSII. However, in the subgroup of patients who had pre-CSII HbA1c levels of ≥8.0%, the change to CSII was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c from baseline to year 1 (8.9 ± 0.8 vs. 8.1 ± 1.0%, P = 0.0004). The difference in diabetic ketoacidosis rates between the MDI year (14.6 events per 100 patientyears) and the CSII period (7.2 events per 100 patient-years) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS CSII therapy was associated with a marked and sustained reduction in the rate of severe hypoglycemia without adversely affecting the level of glycemic control attained during MDI therapy. The more reproducible and flexible insulin delivery afforded by CSII was considered to be the major factor contributing to the improvement in severe hypoglycemia rates.
Measuring Progress in Resuscitation
Authors: Joseph P. Ornato, Mary Ann Peberdy
Journal: Circulation (2006)

theorize the existence of 3 physiological phases of resuscitation: electrical, circulatory, and metabolic. 1When cardiac arrest occurs because of ventricular fibrillation (VF), myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels begin to fall as fibrillating myocardial cells continue to consume ATP at a nearly normal rate. 2 During this first 3 to 4 minutes (electrical phase), prompt defibrillation is often all that is required to restore circulation.Soon thereafter, myocardial ATP stores drop to critical levels, and a defibrillation shock will usually terminate ventricular fibrillation, but this frequently results in either asystole or pulseless electrical activity as cells run out of high-energy phosphate fuel.During this circulatory phase, a brief (90 s to 3 minutes) period of effective chest compression before defibrillation can boost myocardial ATP stores and increase the likelihood that a perfusing rhythm will result after a defibrillation shock. 3If the patient remains in cardiac arrest for Ͼ8 to 10 minutes, increased cellular ischemic injury develops.Weisfeldt and Becker 1 term this the "metabolic phase" of resuscitation, indicating that additional cellular protective measures will likely be needed to restore vital organ function.Thus, the strategic paradigm for resuscitating VF cardiac arrest victims has evolved from "shock first and often" to a time-critical, orchestrated ballet of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation, and postresuscitation care.
DNA methyltransferase 3a regulates osteoclast differentiation by coupling to an S-adenosylmethionine–producing metabolic pathway
Authors: Keizo Nishikawa, Yoriko Iwamoto, Yasuhiro Kobayashi, Fumiki Katsuoka, Shin-ichi Kawaguchi, Tadayuki Tsujita, Takashi Nakamura, Shigeaki Kato, Masayuki Yamamoto, Hiroshi Takayanagi, Masaru Ishii
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)