tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Muscle metabolic status in patients with severe COPD with and without long-term prednisolone
Authors: E.M. Pouw, E. Koerts‐de Lang, H.R. Gosker, G. Freling, G.J. van der Vusse, E.F.M Wouters, A.M.W.J Schols
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Both abnormalities in high energy phosphate metabolism and a decreased oxidative enzyme capacity have been reported in skeletal muscle of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether these findings are present in anterior tibialis muscle and whether or not they are associated. Abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function as well as signs of myopathy have been found during corticosteroid treatment. The second aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate whether in COPD patients prolonged use of low dose prednisolone has effects on muscle energy metabolism and qualitative morphology. In a cross-sectional study 15 COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 33+/-9 (mean+/-SD) % predicted) who were steroid-naive (CORT-) were compared with 10 healthy control subjects (HC) and with 14 COPD patients (FEV1 30+/-11 % pred), who had been using oral prednisolone for at least 1 yr (CORT+). It was found that adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/adenosine diphosphate was lower in CORT- compared to HC (5.7 versus 6.2, p=0.03). Inosine monophosphate was detected in 13 of 15 CORT- compared to 3 of 10 HC (p=0.004). However, although indications were found for an imbalance in production and utilization of ATP, comparing CORT- and HC, no differences in oxidative (citrate synthase and 3-hydroxy-acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) and glycolytic (hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase) enzyme capacities were found. When, comparing steroid-treated and steroid-naive patient subgroups, no differences in the above mentioned parameters of muscle energy metabolism and of muscle qualitative morphology were found.
Two distinct receptors account for recognition of maleyl-albumin in human monocytes during differentiation in vitro.
Authors: M E Haberland, R R Rasmussen, C L Olch, A M Fogelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

A comparison of the receptor-mediated interaction of malondialdehyde-low density lipoprotein and maleyl-albumin has been examined in human monocytes during differentiation in vitro. The recognition of both ligands by the scavenger receptor of these cells has been confirmed. We now report that human monocytes express a second cellular surface receptor for maleyl-albumin that is distinct from the scavenger receptor. The activity of the maleyl-albumin receptor, determined by both binding and lysosomal hydrolytic assays, substantially exceeds that of the scavenger receptor in freshly isolated monocytes. A dramatic and rapid decline in the activity of the maleyl-albumin receptor occurs within 72 to 96 h during differentiation in vitro. At day 7, while only 5-10% of the original activity of the maleyl-albumin receptor remains, it is similar to that of the maximally expressed scavenger receptor. Both the binding and hydrolysis of ligand mediated by the maleyl-albumin receptor are specifically inhibited by alpha-casein and alkaline-treated albumin; neither of these proteins is recognized by the scavenger receptor. The occurrence of the exceptionally active maleyl-albumin receptor on freshly isolated human monocytes suggests that it participates in processes necessary to the function of the cells that diminish in importance after differentiation of the monocytes into macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, while maleyl-albumin is a useful adjunct to studies of cellular events mediated by the scavenger receptor, the presence of a second receptor for maleyl-albumin must be taken into account as a potential contributing and complicating event.
Response to Comment on: Hanssen et al. Associations Between the Ankle-Brachial Index and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality Are Similar in Individuals Without and With Type 2 Diabetes: Nineteen-Year Follow-Up of a Population-Based Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1731–1735
Authors: Nordin M.J. Hanssen, Maya S. Huijberts, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Giel Nijpels, Jacqueline M. Dekker, Coen D.A. Stehouwer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Dr. Tasci (1) seems to have completely missed the main point of our article (2). He seems to think that we found no associations between the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, whereas in fact we found strong associations, which, importantly, were similar in individuals with and without diabetes.

1.  The most recent American Heart Association guideline indeed states that the most precise estimate of the ABI is obtained by measuring pressures in both ankle arteries …
Big Pharma: How the World's Biggest Drug Companies Control Illness
Authors: Ike Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The pharmaceutical industry is a business. This banal and obvious fact needs emphasising because it is often forgotten or overlooked by both supporters and critics of the industry's ethos and activities. And the industry itself is happy to downplay its true motivations where this suits the circumstances. It can, for example, pose instead as educator, charity supporter, health service provider, and even patient advocate. Jacky Law Constable, £9.99, pp 266 ISBN 1 84529 139 5 www.constablerobinson.com Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> While such roles hardly mask the underlying commercial imperative, observers may be reluctant to consider them primarily in business terms. This would be a mistake, not least because, when viewed in this way, there is much to admire about the pharmaceutical industry. Other industries could perhaps learn from its energy, professionalism, flexibility, and ability to ensure that its interests are well represented wherever key healthcare decisions are taken. What is more, a focus on the pharmaceutical industry as a business need not deny the great advances the industry has provided and continues to offer, or the good intentions of many who work in it. Indeed, the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Laboratory Manual of the Technic of Basal Metabolic Rate Determinations.
Authors: Walter meredith Boothby, Irene Sandiford
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What about the Patient?
Authors: John R. Hogness
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The July 18, 1985, issue of the Journal contains five interesting articles1 2 3 4 5 dealing with the plight of teaching hospitals and with the implications of their sale to proprietary or for-profit entities. Reflecting the rapid changes taking place in our hospitals, the articles discuss such topics as access to capital, earnings growth, conflict management, and risk sharing. It is disconcerting to note, however, that they do not address the possible effects of these changes on the adequacy of care given to the patient. These articles are not unusual; instead, they typify an apparent general lack of concern for the effects that . . .
Ecological study of social fragmentation, poverty, and suicide
Authors: E. Whitley, D. Gunnell, D. Dorling, G. D. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the association between suicide and area based measures of deprivation and social fragmentation. <b>Design:</b> Ecological study. <b>Setting:</b> 633 parliamentary constituencies of Great Britain as defined in 1991. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Age and sex specific mortality rates for suicide and all other causes for 1981-92. <b>Results:</b> Mortality from suicide and all other causes increased with increasing Townsend deprivation score, social fragmentation score, and abstention from voting in all age and sex groups. Suicide mortality was most strongly related to social fragmentation, whereas deaths from other causes were more closely associated with Townsend score. Constituencies with absolute increases in social fragmentation and Townsend scores between 1981 and 1991 tended to have greater increases in suicide rates over the same period. The relation between change in social fragmentation and suicide was largely independent of Townsend score, whereas the association with Townsend score was generally reduced after adjustment for social fragmentation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Suicide rates are more strongly associated with measures of social fragmentation than with poverty at a constituency level. <h3>Key messages</h3> Place of residence may affect health, and mortality from most common diseases tends to be higher in areas characterised by low socioeconomic position Research dating back over 100 years suggests that social fragmentation may influence suicide In the 1980s and 1990s, parliamentary constituencies with high levels of social fragmentation had high rates of suicide, independent of deprivation Constituencies with the greatest increases in social fragmentation between 1981 and 1991 also had the greatest increases in suicide rates over the same period Any targeting of suicide prevention may be more effective if aimed at socially fragmented rather than deprived areas
Hypertension, Menopause, and Coronary Artery Disease Risk in the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study
Authors: Gretchen L. Gierach, B. Delia Johnson, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Vera Bittner, Marian B. Olson, Leslee J. Shaw, Sunil Mankad, Carl J. Pepine, Steven E. Reis, William J. Rogers, Barry L. Sharaf, George Sopko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
SAT0070 Levels of 14-3-3Eta Predict Good Eular Response to Anti-TNF Treatment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: A. Marotta, W.P. Maksymowych
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> 14-3-3eta (η) is a mechanistic biomarker that, as a soluble ligand, dose-dependently induces key joint damage and inflammatory factors, including TNF-alpha (α). There is a high clinical unmet need in RA to identify markers that inform the likelihood of response to biological therapies, given the heterogeneity of patient response. We have previously reported that 14-3-3η marks response to TNFα therapy and postulate that the potent induction of TNFα by 14-3-3η may diminish the efficacy of standard anti-TNF doses in some patients or over time in the same patient. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study evaluates whether various 14-3-3η cut-offs better inform the likelihood of a good EULAR response to anti-TNFs. <h3>Methods</h3> Serum 14-3-3η was measured in a cohort of 74 RA patients who were candidates for anti-TNF therapy; all patients were refractory to standard DMARDs. Median patient age was 59 years and 73% were female. Pre-treatment 14-3-3η levels were measured on the Augurex 14-3-3η ELISA and EULAR classification criteria were used to define Good response to anti-TNF therapy. Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to assess group differences between Good and inadequate responders. Three 14-3-3η concentration cut-offs were selected as follows: the reported manufacturer9s reference range ≥0.19 ng/ml as well as 2 and 4 times that level, namely 0.40 and 0.80 ng/ml. To assess 14-3-3η9s association with a Good EULAR response, Fisher9s exact test and stepwise multivariate analyses were used. Variables included in the model were age, gender, disease duration, HAQ, CRP, and DAS28-ESR. <h3>Results</h3> Median 14-3-3η levels were significantly lower in patients who achieved a Good EULAR response compared to inadequate responders, 2.52 ng/ml (0.79 - 20) vs 0.72 ng/ml (0 - 7.01), p&lt;0.03. Fishers9 exact test revealed that the two lower 14-3-3η cut-offs were associated with a higher odds (OR) of a achieving a Good EULAR response to anti-TNF therapy. For patients with 14-3-3η levels ≤0.19ng/ml, the OR (95%CI) was 9.3 (1.9 - 45.4), p&lt;0.008; ≤0.40 ng/ml was 9.5 (2.4 - 37.1), p&lt;0.002; ≤0.80 ng/ml was 3.4 (1.0 - 10.8), p&lt;0.05. Multivariate analysis revealed that 14-3-3η, at all 3 cut-offs, was the only independent predictor of a Good EULAR response with the ≤0.40 ng/ml being the strongest predictor of response to anti-TNF therapy with a likelihood ratio of 10.2, p=0.0014 yielding an R<sup>2</sup> of 18%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Consistent with 14-3-3η9s pathophysiological mechanism as an upregulator of TNFα, higher 14-3-3η levels are clinically associated with a lower likelihood of response to anti-TNF therapy. 14-3-3η may inform anti-TNF dosing/administration strategies to optimize response to therapy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> A. Marotta Employee of: Augurex Life Sciences Corp, W. Maksymowych Consultant for: Augurex Life Sciences Corp <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3426
Integration Bias of Gammaretrovirus Vectors following Transduction and Growth of Primary Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells with and without Selection
Authors: Mari Aker, Julie Tubb, Daniel G. Miller, George Stamatoyannopoulos, David W. Emery
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The recent recognition that recombinant retrovirus vectors can induce oncogenic transformation has stimulated much interest in the pattern of vector integration sites. We report here on the integration pattern of a gammaretrovirus reporter vector following transduction and ex vivo culture of primary mouse bone marrow progenitor cells in the absence and presence of drug selection. Using a novel method of cloning junction fragments, we observed no bias for integrations within genes, but did observe a bias for integrations within gene-dense regions and especially near transcriptional start sites of highly active genes, similar to previous reports in other cell types. We also document a novel bias for integrations within or near a class of genes that encode nuclear-localized proteins. We found that drug selection resulted in an increase in the frequency of recovered integration events that were located within the beginning of genes, integration events that were located in less gene-dense regions, and integration events that were oriented in an antisense direction relative to flanking gene transcription. Taken together, these studies provide new insights into the nature of retrovirus vector integration patterns in primary cells and demonstrate that selection based on vector expression can bias the integration site repertoire.
Peginterferon Alfa-2a plus Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Francesca J. Torriani, Maribel Rodriguez-Torres, Jürgen K. Rockstroh, Eduardo Lissen, Juan Gonzalez-García, Adriano Lazzarin, Giampiero Carosi, Joseph Sasadeusz, Christine Katlama, Julio Montaner, Hoel Sette, Sharon Passe, Jean De Pamphilis, Frank Duff, Uschi Marion Schrenk, Douglas T. Dieterich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We compared the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon alfa-2a (peginterferon alfa-2a) plus either ribavirin or placebo with those of interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for the treatment of chronic HCV infection in patients who were also infected with HIV.A total of 868 persons who were infected with both HIV and HCV and who had not previously been treated with interferon or ribavirin were randomly assigned to receive one of three regimens: peginterferon alfa-2a (180 microg per week) plus ribavirin (800 mg per day), peginterferon alfa-2a plus placebo, or interferon alfa-2a (3 million IU three times a week) plus ribavirin. Patients were treated for 48 weeks and followed for an additional 24 weeks. The primary end point was a sustained virologic response (defined as a serum HCV RNA level below 50 IU per milliliter at the end of follow-up, at week 72).The overall rate of sustained virologic response was significantly higher among the recipients of peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin than among those assigned to interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin (40 percent vs. 12 percent, P<0.001), or peginterferon alfa-2a plus placebo (40 percent vs. 20 percent, P<0.001). Among patients infected with HCV genotype 1, the rates of sustained virologic response were 29 percent with peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin, 14 percent with peginterferon alfa-2a plus placebo, and 7 percent with interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin. The corresponding rates among patients infected with HCV genotype 2 or 3 were 62 percent, 36 percent, and 20 percent. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were more common among patients treated with regimens that contained peginterferon alfa-2a, and anemia was more common among patients treated with regimens containing ribavirin.Among patients infected with both HIV and HCV, the combination of peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin was significantly more effective than either interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin or peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy.
Abstract 1493: Specific miRNA signatures characterize different metastatic sites in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Joana Heinzelmann, Franzsika Stolzenbach, Robert Schneeweiss, Ulrike Wickmann, Sophie Baumgart, Mieczyslaw Gajda, Michael Stöckle, Kerstin Junker
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: MiRNAs are regulators of gene expression in tumorigenesis and progression. To identify miRNAs associated with metastasis miRNA expression in distant metastases was compared to primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Material and methods: Total RNA of 27 primary ccRCC samples and 25 distant metastases (lung, bone and brain) was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples Microarray analyses were performed for a global miRNA expression profiling. Results were validated by qPCR. For miRNA target identification a ccRCC cell line (786-O) was transfected with miRNAs differently expressed in metastatic primary tumors and metastases. Results: We identified 9 miRNAs (including miR-30c and miR-126) with a similar expression in metastatic primary ccRCC and distant metastases from different metastatic sites compared to non-metastatic primary ccRCC. 11 miRNAs (including miR-10b and miR-204) were differently expressed in distant metastases compared to primary ccRCC. Furthermore, each metastatic site is characterized by a specific miRNA signature. Results were verified on selected miRNAs using qPCR. In vitro studies identified potential miRNA targets and associated metastasis related pathways. Discussion: These data suggest that miRNAs play an important role in metastatic processes of ccRCC. Furthermore, our results regarding different metastatic sites suggest two important statements. Specific miRNAs characterize distant metastases in general. On the other hand, miRNA expression is associated with specific conditions at different metastatic sites. Thus, the data presented in this study give the base for a better understanding of the involvement of miRNAs as regulators of metastasis which opens new possibilities for new targeted therapy options. Citation Format: Joana Heinzelmann, Franzsika Stolzenbach, Robert Schneeweiss, Ulrike Wickmann, Sophie Baumgart, Mieczyslaw Gajda, Michael Stöckle, Kerstin Junker. Specific miRNA signatures characterize different metastatic sites in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1493. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1493
Efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation using intratracheal insufflation.
Authors: L Brochard, G Boussignac, S Adnot, C Bertrand, D Isabey, A Harf
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The effects of constant-flow insufflation (CFI) of air in the trachea at the distal end of a modified endotracheal tube as the sole mode of ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were studied in pigs. The ventilatory effect of CFI (15 +/- 2 L/min) generating a positive pressure of about 10 cm H2O with concomitant chest compression was studied first. In nine sedated, paralyzed animals disconnected from the ventilator, CFI alone did not significantly alter the decrease in PaO2 and the rise in PaCO2 observed during apnea. By contrast, the combination of precordial compression and CFI (CFI-CPR) maintained arterial blood gases over a 4-min period at the level obtained during mechanical ventilation. In the second part of the study, ventricular fibrillation was induced and CFI-CPR was compared with standard CPR using conventional mechanical ventilation during two successive 4-min periods, in random order. Ventilatory parameters were identical in the two situations, whereas hemodynamic parameters were similar or better with CFI-CPR than with standard CPR. Significant differences were observed between standard CPR and CFI-CPR for systolic aortic pressure (72 +/- 22 versus 82 +/- 27 mm Hg, respectively; p < 0.02) and for systolic (322 +/- 216 versus 431 +/- 237 ml/s; p < 0.01) and mean (116 +/- 106 versus 143 +/- 108 ml/s; p < 0.01) common carotid blood flows. The ease of use of CFI together with its beneficial hemodynamic effects suggests that CFI deserves to be investigated further as a mode of ventilation during CPR.
Incidence of Sedation-Related Complications With Propofol Use During Advanced Endoscopic Procedures
Authors: Gregory A. Coté, Robert M. Hovis, Michael A. Ansstas, Lawrence Waldbaum, Riad R. Azar, Dayna S. Early, Steven A. Edmundowicz, Daniel K. Mullady, Sreenivasa S. Jonnalagadda
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Role of 99mTc-DPD Scintigraphy in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hereditary Transthyretin-Related Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Claudio Rapezzi, Candida C. Quarta, Pier Luigi Guidalotti, Cinzia Pettinato, Stefano Fanti, Ornella Leone, Alessandra Ferlini, Simone Longhi, Massimiliano Lorenzini, Letizia Bacchi Reggiani, Christian Gagliardi, Pamela Gallo, Caterina Villani, Fabrizio Salvi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Bilateral acute parotitis following insertion of a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube
Authors: F. Tekin, O. Ozutemiz, S. Bicak, N. Oruc, T. Ilter
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 56-year-old man with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis was admitted with massive hematemesis. Three months previously he had undergone upper endoscopy at another hospital and was diagnosed as having esophageal varices. However, no endoscopic therapy was carried out. On physical examination, the patient's blood pressure was 76/40 mm Hg, his pulse rate was 136 bpm, and his respiratory rate was 26/min. Despite aggressive therapy with fluids and blood components the patient could not be stabilized, and a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was inserted. Eleven hours after the insertion of the tube, the patient developed swelling over both his parotid glands ([Fig. 1]), with local rise in temperature and tenderness.