tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
B cell activation via CD40 is required for specific antibody production by antigen-stimulated human B cells.
Authors: S Nonoyama, D Hollenbaugh, A Aruffo, J A Ledbetter, H D Ochs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Costimulatory signals provided by T cells are required for B cells to produce specific antibody (Ab) to T-dependent antigen (Ag) bacteriophage phi x 174. In this study, we demonstrate that if cultured in the presence of anti-CD40, interleukin 10 (IL-10), and Ag, purified B cells can produce antiphage Ab in quantities comparable to those synthesized by B cells cocultured with Ag and T cells. Isotypes produced by B cells in this culture system correspond to those observed in sera of B cell donors. Culture of immunoglobulin (Ig)D- and IgD+ B cells reveals that Ag-induced production of antiphage Ab is restricted to IgD- subset of B cells. In the absence of Ag, anti-CD40/IL-10-stimulated B cells produce only minute amounts of antiphage Ab, indicating that Ag stimulation is indispensable and provides a signal that is synergistic with anti-CD40 and IL-10. Addition of a soluble form of the CD40 ligand (sgp39) to the culture system has a similar effect on specific Ab synthesis as anti-CD40; addition of the soluble construct, CD40 Ig, known to inhibit gp39/CD40 interaction, suppresses in vitro antiphage Ab production by Ag exposed peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, in vivo requirement of gp39/CD40 interaction for specific Ab production was demonstrated by the finding that activated T cells from patients with x-linked hyper IgM syndrome express functionally defective gp39 and respond with depressed Ab titers and fail to switch from IgM to IgG after multiple phage immunizations. These observations illustrate that in vitro and possibly in vivo Ag-specific Ab synthesis requires the presence of Ag and IL-10, and activation signals via CD40.
CYLINDROMA OF THE ORBIT AND LIDS, WITH REPORT OF CASES.
Authors: JOHN E. WEEKS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The neoplasm to which the term cylindroma has been applied is characterized by the formation of hyaline cylinders, tubules, and lobulated masses, as a result of a degenerative process, the hyaline tissue composing a relatively large portion of the tumor. The term cylindroma was first employed by Billroth.<sup>1</sup>Henle termed this form of neoplasm syphonoma; Meckel, tubular enchondroma; Friederich, tubular sarcoma; Foester and Köster, mucous cancroid; O. Becker, adenoid der Thrauendruse; other synonyms are mixed tumors, angioma, myxo-adenoma carcinomatosum (Knapp), endosarcoma myxomatodes, carcinomatous cylindroma, endothelioma. Ziegler,<sup>2</sup>writing of this growth, states that "either the cells form hyaline products or they themselves become converted into such or the fully developed connective tissue and the blood vessels undergo degeneration." Hektoen and Riesman write as follows: "The stroma of some endotheliomas is subject to metamorphoses of various kinds. In a variety, usually originating from the endothelium of the blood vessels, a hyalin
INCIDENCE OF POSTOPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (POAF) AFTER ROBOTIC CABG VERSUS TRADITIONAL CABG AND ITS ASSOCIATED MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY
Authors: Muhammad Rizwan Sardar, Wajeeha Saeed, MaryAnn Wertan, Marwan Badri, Trisha Senss, Francis Sutter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Endorses the Code and Dr. Cohen.
Authors: Johng Wright
Journal: JAMA (1894)

San Jose, Cal., March 23,1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I write to endorse the article written sometime since, by Dr. N. S. Davis, of Chicago, on revision of the Code and the proposed changes in the constitution of theAmerican Medical Association. Every word in that article is true, and it should be carefully read by every member of theAssociation. That article has not been answered, but I presume there will be an effort made to patch up the walls that have been knocked down by Dr. Davis just before the meeting in San Francisco. I also endorse the remarks of Dr. S. Solis-Cohen and Dr. W. P. Howie.
Training Generalists To Do Procedures
Authors: James P. Nolan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 July 1993Training Generalists To Do ProceduresJames P. Nolan, MDJames P. Nolan, MDState University of New York at Buffalo; Buffalo, NY 14215Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-1-199307010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Golden quite properly points out that for years departments of medicine have given away many of the core competencies of the general internist to the subspecialty divisions. In large part, this shift has reflected the increasing subspecialty nature of departments, as well as a belief that added training ensures a higher quality of services. We did not intend to rebuff the notion that internists should be trained in currently lucrative procedures during a fourth year of training [1]. We agree that general internists who meet acceptable standards in training and competence should be allowed to do procedures ...References1. Inui TS, Nolan JP; eds. Internal medicine curriculum reform. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 116(12 pt 2):1041-115. Google Scholar2. Wigton RS, Nicolas JA, Blank LL. Procedural skills of the general internist: a survey of 2500 physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1989; 111: 1023-34. Google Scholar3. Wigton RS, Blank LL, Nicholas JA, Tape TG. Procedural skills training in internal medicine residencies: a survey of program directors. Ann Intern Med. 1989; 111:932-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James P. Nolan, MDAffiliations: State University of New York at Buffalo; Buffalo, NY 14215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1993Volume 119, Issue 1 Page: 94-95 Keywords Graduate medical education Residency Sub-specialty care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
RELATIONSHIP OF INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS TO THE PRESENCE OF ISCHEMIA IN PATEINTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE UNDERGOING CARDIAC STRESS TESTING
Authors: Salman Ashfaq, Peter El Haddad, Dory Abou Jaoude, Saad Iqbal, Syed Raffi, Samer Antonios, W Craig Hopper
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The use of topical steroids of differing potency in the management of the atopic child
Authors: C.F.H. VICKERS, S.C. CHARTERS, S.R. WALKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article The use of topical steroids of differing potency in the management of the atopic child Get access C.F.H. VICKERS, C.F.H. VICKERS University Department of Dermatology, and Dermatology Unit, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, and Clinical Research Unit, Glaxo Laboratories Ltd, Greenford, Middlesex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.C. CHARTERS, S.C. CHARTERS University Department of Dermatology, and Dermatology Unit, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, and Clinical Research Unit, Glaxo Laboratories Ltd, Greenford, Middlesex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.R. WALKER S.R. WALKER University Department of Dermatology, and Dermatology Unit, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, and Clinical Research Unit, Glaxo Laboratories Ltd, Greenford, Middlesex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue s12, 1 March 1976, Pages 129–130, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb02282.x Published: 01 March 1976
Cell-Type-Specific Recruitment of Amygdala Interneurons to Hippocampal Theta Rhythm and Noxious Stimuli In Vivo
Authors: Thomas C.M. Bienvenu, Daniela Busti, Peter J. Magill, Francesco Ferraguti, Marco Capogna
Journal: Neuron (2012)

Neuronal synchrony in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for emotional behavior. Coordinated theta-frequency oscillations between the BLA and the hippocampus and precisely timed integration of salient sensory stimuli in the BLA are involved in fear conditioning. We characterized GABAergic interneuron types of the BLA and determined their contribution to shaping these network activities. Using in vivo recordings in rats combined with the anatomical identification of neurons, we found that the firing of BLA interneurons associated with network activities was cell type specific. The firing of calbindin-positive interneurons targeting dendrites was precisely theta-modulated, but other cell types were heterogeneously modulated, including parvalbumin-positive basket cells. Salient sensory stimuli selectively triggered axo-axonic cells firing and inhibited firing of a disctinct projecting interneuron type. Thus, GABA is released onto BLA principal neurons in a time-, domain-, and sensory-specific manner. These specific synaptic actions likely cooperate to promote amygdalo-hippocampal synchrony involved in emotional memory formation.
Effect of Frusemide Administration on Calcium Excretion
Authors: H. Toft, J. Roin
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Each of eight adipose but otherwise normal patients on a reducing diet received daily oral doses of frusemide for four days; the degree of hypercalciuria was found to be significant during the first three days, but on day four the calcium excretion in the urine had become normal though frusemide was still being given. The rates of excretion of sodium and calcium in the urine were closely correlated.
Oliver Wendell Holmes and Chiropractic
Authors: Sherwin B. Nuland
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Oliver Wendell Holmes was a great man, but he was no Nostradamus. When Dr Goodley<sup>1</sup>describes the famous statement about feeding the pharmacopeia to the fishes as referring to events in 1874, 1895, and 1904, he is up to the gills in anachronism. Holmes made his memorable comment at a meeting of the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1860; he died in 1894, blissfully unaware of the imminent birth of chiropractic.
Epstein-Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Werner Henle, Gertrude Henle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The overwhelming evidence that the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the cause of infectious mononucleosis has recently been reviewed.1 Yet doubts are still being expressed regarding the causative role of the virus because a number of questions have remained unanswered. Among others, EBV had not been isolated from the oropharynx of patients and no EBV-specific IgM antibody responses had been demonstrated as a sign of primary infections. These deficiencies, owing to peculiarities of the virus and technical problems, have now, at least in part, been remedied.EBV is apparently restricted for its replication to cells of the lymphoid series, and even . . .
Cerebral Arterial Disease
Authors: G. R. Haase
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Great advances have been made in the understanding of the epidemiology and physiological and anatomical pathology of cerebrovascular disease and in diagnostic methods useful in the investigation of strokes. "It must be admitted that these advances, although valuable as indicators of how cerebral vascular disease may be prevented, have not been matched by similar spectacular changes in the field of therapy of established strokes." Thus, Dr R. W. Ross Russell, the editor of this book, sums up the contents in his preface. Nor, one may add, is the True Way so clear-cut in the prevention of stroke in patients with transient ischemic attacks. After years of heady enthusiasm for the use of various methods of anticoagulation or of vasodilation, it is sobering to reflect that the humble aspirin in many instances defines the limits of therapeutic undertaking. The efficacy of this type of treatment is yet to be established: perhaps
How changes in coverage affect equity in maternal and child health interventions in 35 Countdown to 2015 countries: an analysis of national surveys
Authors: Cesar G Victora, Aluisio JD Barros, Henrik Axelson, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Mickey Chopra, Giovanny VA França, Kate Kerber, Betty R Kirkwood, Holly Newby, Carine Ronsmans, J Ties Boerma
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
P15.05 * WHAT ABOUT BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS' SEX LIFE? A PILOT STUDY
Authors: C. Y. Finocchiaro, A. Petruzzi, G. Vistalli, A. Innocenti, A. Silvani, E. Lamperti
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

For many years sexual problems induced by tumors have not been taken into account, but this topic is worth to be studied due to the significant impact on patients' quality of life. The type of tumor and related treatments can cause organic and anatomical changes, that may determine sexual dysfunctions, such as desire disorders, arousal disorders, orgasm disorders, and sexual pain. In addition there are psychosocial issues. The typical variables that may influence psychosocial issues are patients' age, gender, marital status, religious belief, support system, coping style, and knowledge about cancer. The majority of researches, to date, have evaluated the connection between sexuality and tumor in genitals and breast cancer. Whereas other types of cancers, such as brain tumor have been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible link between brain tumors and sexual dysfunctions, paying attention to their impact on overall quality of life and specifically on sex life. In this study 21 patients were involved. We used a semi-structured interview to investigate the possible presence of sexual dysfunction before and after brain tumor diagnosis. We also asked if they had received information about possible changes in their sexual functioning and about fertility. In addition, patients filled out various questionnaires such as Psychological Distress Inventory (PDI) for measuring distress level, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess of anxiety and depression levels, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 for measuring their quality of life and EORTC brain cancer module (QLQ-BN20). We also used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to explore cognitive function. The sample consisted of 52% men and 48% women. The average age was 45 years (s.d.= 10.7). Seventy-six percent of patients have a high grade brain tumor and the most representative diagnosis was Glioblastoma. Seventy-one percent of patients reported sexual dysfunctions after the onset of tumor and related treatments. It was mainly found a high rate of desire disorders (72%). Patients experienced lower rate of arousal disorders (43%), such as orgasm disorders (9%) and sexual pain (14%). Seventy-two percent of patients were not informed about possible changes in their sex lives and 66% stated that they would like to receive this information by a doctor. In addition, 33% of patients among those under 45 years old reported their desire of having kids. Only 38% of patients reported that they had information about the possibility that therapies may alter normal fertility and only 19% was informed about fertility preservation treatments. These results show an important impact of brain tumor on patients' sex life. Moreover, this study underlines that information about fertility and assisted reproduction possibilities are really poor and need to be improved.
Points: Syringe driver in terminal care
Authors: D Snadden
Journal: BMJ (1987)

suggest that they are at high risk of developing leptospirosis, the remarkably low incidence of the disease in such communes argues to the contrary.The clustering of so many cases in the commune, the finding of only a moderate rise in the tempera- ture at the centre of a meatball cooked on a hot plate,2 and the very peculiar interaction of the index case with the commune strongly suggested that food was the common source.
Health Maintenance Organizations: Dimensions of Performance
Authors: Ronald Andersen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book is a must for physicians and other persons who have special interests in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) as practitioners, administrators, regulators, or researchers. It is a comprehensive review of what is known and what is not known about HMOs and their performance. Crammed into the 468 pages are references to more than 900 published works and numerous charts and tables. (There are no lists of charts and tables, which would have been useful additions.) The mass of details, data, and careful references allows the reader to pursue specialized studies and to reach independent conclusions. In addition, summaries are provided at the end of each substantive chapter and in the concluding chapter that provide the author's view of what the data mean, how certain he is of the conclusions he reaches, and what additional information needs to be collected and research undertaken to understand better the nature of HMOs
Positive Views of Retirement Communities
Authors: Anne R. Somers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 May 1993Positive Views of Retirement CommunitiesAnne R. Somers, MDAnne R. Somers, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Greganti's touching story [1] of a wife who lost her husband and two close friends to the devastating diseases that haunt our increasingly geriatric society is unfortunately typical of hundreds of thousands, probably millions, of people every day. Like the woman at Golden Acres, I live in a life care or continuing care retirement community. I too have experienced the long-term disability and death of my husband and several close friends. Such tragedies are not limited to those who live in continuing care retirement communities but are an inevitable part of the human experience. The only ...REFERENCE1. Greganti MA. Life care at Golden Acres. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117: 869-71. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 9Page: 751-752KeywordsAgingDisabilitiesElderlyGeriatricsHealth care qualityLong-term care Issue Published: 1 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Caregiving Burden, Stress, and Health Effects Among Family Caregivers of Adult Cancer Patients
Authors: Margaret Bevans, Esther M. Sternberg
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Unlike professional caregivers such as physicians and nurses, informal caregivers, typically family members or friends, provide care to individuals with a variety of conditions including advanced age, dementia, and cancer. This experience is commonly perceived as a chronic stressor, and caregivers often experience negative psychological, behavioral, and physiological effects on their daily lives and health. In this report, we describe the experience of a 53-year-old woman who is the sole caregiver for her husband, who has acute myelogenous leukemia and was undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. During his intense and unpredictable course, the caregiver's burden is complex and complicated by multiple competing priorities. Because caregivers are often faced with multiple concurrent stressful events and extended, unrelenting stress, they may experience negative health effects, mediated in part by immune and autonomic dysregulation. Physicians and their interdisciplinary teams are presented daily with individuals providing such care and have opportunity to intervene. This report describes a case that exemplifies caregiving burden and discusses the importance of identifying caregivers at risk of negative health outcomes and intervening to attenuate the stress associated with the caregiving experience.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and suicide in adults: meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA's safety review
Authors: David Gunnell, Julia Saperia, Deborah Ashby
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To investigate whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are associated with an increased risk of suicide related outcomes in adults. <b>Design</b> Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of SSRIs compared with placebo in adults submitted by pharmaceutical companies to the safety review of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). <b>Participants</b> Over 40 000 individuals participating in 477 randomised controlled trials. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Suicide, non-fatal self harm, and suicidal thoughts. <b>Results</b> An estimated 16 suicides, 172 episodes of non-fatal self harm, and 177 episodes of suicidal thoughts were reported. We found no evidence that SSRIs increased the risk of suicide, but important protective or hazardous effects cannot be excluded (odds ratio 0.85, 95% credible interval 0.20 to 3.40). We found weak evidence of an increased risk of self harm (1.57, 0.99 to 2.55). Risk estimates for suicidal thoughts were compatible with a modest protective or adverse effect (0.77, 0.37 to 1.55). The relative frequency of reported self harm and suicidal thoughts in the trials compared with suicide indicates non-fatal end points were under-recorded. <b>Conclusion</b> Increased risks of suicide and self harm caused by SSRIs cannot be ruled out, but larger trials with longer follow up are required to assess the balance of risks and benefits fully. Any such risks should be balanced against the effectiveness of SSRIs in treating depression. When prescribing SSRIs, clinicians should warn patients of the possible risk of suicidal behaviour and monitor patients closely in the early stages of treatment.
METHYLENE BLUE SOLUTIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
Authors: J. C. Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Recent press dispatches have reported the use of methylene blue solutions in the treatment of cases of carbon monoxide poisoning in San Francisco. This brief note is presented for the purpose of correcting certain statements made in the newspapers and of clarifying impressions that may have been gained from reading these news stories. Following shortly the recommendation that intravenous injections of methylene blue (1 per cent aqueous solution, antoclaved at 15 pounds pressure for fifteen minutes) might well be used in the treatment of cyanide poisoning, the suggestion was made, on the basis of certain experimental work done by Dr. M. M. Brooks, that the same form of treatment might rationally be administered in cases of carbon monoxide poisoning. In four instances, thus far (late in January, 1933), the method has been tried in the Emergency Hospital Service of the San Francisco Department of Public Health. In two of the
Thinking about the burden of treatment
Authors: F. S. Mair, C. R. May
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Recent reports published by the United Nations and the World Health Organization suggest that the brain drain of healthcare professionals from the developing to the developed world is decimating the provision of healthcare in poor countries. The migration of these key workers is driven by a combination of economic inequalities and the recruitment policies of governments in the rich world. This article assesses the impact of the healthcare brain drain and argues that wealthy countries have a moral obligation to reduce the flow of healthcare workers from the developing to the developed world.