tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exulceratio Simplex Dieulafoy - Report of Three Cases
Authors: P.G. Farup, J.K. Tholfsen, A.A. Berner, S. Wetterhus, R. Uggerud, B.H. Nilsen
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

See also: Localized Telangiopathy of the Stomach and Duodenum Diagnosed and Treated EndoscopicallyEndoscopy 1981; 13(01): 1-6DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1021631
High Progesterone Receptor Expression Correlates to the Effect of Adjuvant Tamoxifen in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Maria Stendahl, Lisa Rydén, Bo Nordenskjöld, Per Ebbe Jönsson, Göran Landberg, Karin Jirström
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Tamoxifen has long been the drug of choice in adjuvant endocrine therapy of steroid hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, and it still remains important due to its well-documented beneficial effect. Hormone receptor status is often reported as “positive” or “negative” using 10% positive nuclei as a cutoff. In this study, we aimed to assess whether a further subclassification of hormone receptor status could enhance the treatment predictive value. Experimental Design: The immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) was quantified in tissue microarrays with tumors from 500 premenopausal breast cancer patients previously included in a randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen compared with an untreated control group. Results: Our findings show a gradually increasing tamoxifen effect in tumors with &amp;gt;10% ER-positive nuclei. However, when analyzing tamoxifen response according to various PR fractions, we found that it was primarily patients with tumors showing &amp;gt;75% PR-positive nuclei that responded to tamoxifen treatment, with an improved recurrence-free [relative risk, 0.42 (0.25-0.70); P = 0.001] as well as overall [relative risk, 0.49 (0.28-0.84); P = 0.010] survival. Conclusions: Adjuvant tamoxifen improved recurrence-free and overall survival for premenopausal patients with tumors showing &amp;gt;75% PR-positive nuclei. No effect could be shown in tumors with fewer PR-positive nuclei. The PR was a stronger predictor of treatment response than the ER. Based on these findings, we suggest the implementation of a fractioned rather than dichotomized immunohistochemical evaluation of hormone receptors in clinical practice, possibly with greater emphasis on the PR than the ER.
Phase I/II Study of Docetaxel and S-1 in Patients with Previously Treated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shinji Atagi, Masaaki Kawahara, Yoko Kusunoki, Minoru Takada, Tomoya Kawaguchi, Kyoiti Okishio, Akihito Kubo, Kazutaka Uehira, Katsuyuki Yumine, Yoshio Tomizawa, Ryusei Saito, Shimao Fukai, Hikotaro Komatsu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Purification of a newly identified alkaline sphingomyelinase in human bile and effects of bile salts and phosphatidylcholine on enzyme activity
Authors: R Duan, A Nilsson
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The hydrolysis of sphingomyelin (SM) generates important signals regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Acid and neutral sphingomyelinases (SMase) have been identified and their biological effects intensively studied. We recently found in human bile a novel alkaline SMase that may have important roles in hepatobiliary diseases. In this work, we purified the enzyme and studied the factors influencing enzyme activity. Purification steps included Sephadex G25, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sepharose, Sephacryl S-200, and sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) affinity chromatographies. A single protein of 92 kd was obtained with the specific enzyme activity increased 1,154-fold. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed SM to ceramide, had a weaker activity against phosphatidylcholine (PC), and no activity against either phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Its optimum pH was 9.0 and its V max and K m were 45 micromol/h/mg and 2.5 × 10 -5 mol/L, respectively. The enzyme activity was dependent on concentration and structure of bile salts. Both trihydroxy and dihydroxy bile salts at concentrations up to their critical micellar concentrations activated the alkaline SMase, trihydroxy bile salts being more potent than dihydroxy ones. The side chain of trihydroxy bile salts was also important. Taurocholate (TC) was most effective in activating SMase, followed by glycocholate (GC), and cholate. 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) alone had no effect on SMase activity but inhibited TC-induced activation of SMase. PC competitively inhibited bile alkaline SMase activity, with the 50% inhibition occurring at a PC/SM ratio of approximately 28. In conclusion, we purified a novel alkaline SMase from human bile and found that its activity is dependent on the levels of two major biliary components: PC and bile salts.
Sex differences in human aggression: The interaction between early developmental and later activational testosterone
Authors: David Terburg, Jiska S. Peper, Barak Morgan, Jack van Honk
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract The relation between testosterone levels and aggressive behavior is well established. From an evolutionary viewpoint, testosterone can explain at least part of the sex differences found in aggressive behavior. This explanation, however, is mediated by factors such as prenatal testosterone levels and basal levels of cortisol. Especially regarding sex differences in aggression during adolescence, these mediators have great influence. Based on developmental brain structure research we argue that sex differences in aggression have a pre-pubertal origin and are maintained during adolescence. Evidence of prenatal, adolescent, and adult levels of testosterone in relation to aggression taken together, support Archer's argument for sexual selection as the driver of sex differences in aggression.
Exposure to PBDEs in the Office Environment: Evaluating the Relationships Between Dust, Handwipes, and Serum
Authors: Deborah J. Watkins, Michael D. McClean, Alicia J. Fraser, Janice Weinberg, Heather M. Stapleton, Andreas Sjödin, Thomas F. Webster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as flame retardants in consumer products and are ubiquitous in residential indoor air and dust. However, little is known about exposure in the office environment.We examined relationships between PBDE concentrations in the office environment and internal exposure using concurrent measurements of PBDEs in serum, handwipes, and office dust.We collected serum, dust, and handwipe samples from 31 participants who spent at least 20 hr/week in an office. We used a questionnaire to collect information about work and personal habits.We found positive associations between PBDEs in room dust, handwipes (a measure of personal exposure), and serum. PBDE office dust concentrations were weakly correlated with measurements in handwipes: r = 0.35 (p = 0.06) for pentaBDE (sum of BDE congeners 28/33, 47, 99, 100, and 153) and 0.33 (p = 0.07) for BDE-209. Hand washing also predicted pentaBDE levels in handwipes: low hand-washers had 3.3 times the pentaBDE levels in their handwipes than did high hand-washers (p = 0.02). PentaBDE in handwipes predicted pentaBDE levels in serum (p = 0.03): Serum concentrations in the highest handwipe tertile were on average 3.5 times the lowest handwipe tertile. The geometric mean concentration of pentaBDEs in serum was 27 ng/g lipid. We detected BDE-209 in 20% of serum samples, at levels ranging from < 4.8 to 9.7 ng/g lipid.Our research suggests that exposure to pentaBDE in the office environment contributes to pentaBDE body burden, with exposure likely linked to PBDE residues on hands. In addition, hand washing may decrease exposure to PBDEs.
Enhanced myocardial cathepsin B expression in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Junbo Ge, Gang Zhao, Ruizhen Chen, Shuangjie Li, Shijun Wang, Xingang Zhang, Yamin Zhuang, Jiuzhong Du, Xiaohua Yu, Gaoping Li, Yingzhen Yang
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Serious human rights breaches occurred in more than 50 countries in past year, says UN
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Gross violations of human rights and atrocities, including illegal killings of demonstrators, were carried out in many countries around the world from March 2010 to the end of April 2011, says a report by Christof Heyns, the United Nations’ independent expert on extrajudicial, summary, or arbitrary executions.

Professor Heyns’s report says that in some cases authorities failed to provide medical treatment urgently needed by people in custody, carry out postmortem examinations, or provide details of any investigations.

The report, presented last week to the UN Human Rights Council, documents serious breaches in more than 50 …
The Portrayal of Albinism in Pop Culture
Authors: Brian James Simmons, Leyre Ainara Falto-Aizpurua, Robert Denison Griffith, Keyvan Nouri
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Cultural references to albinism are as old as recorded history. With the discovery of tyrosinase deficiency in animals in 1904 and the first scientific report on albinism4years later by Sir ArchibaldGarrod to lay the groundwork, albinism became known as a group of genetic disorders that are characterizedbyadefect in theproductionof tyrosinase,which is involved in the production of melanin. However, theway that albinismhasbeenwidely portrayed inpopular culture, such as in film and fiction, has caused an ominous negative aspect tobeassociatedwith thisgeneticdisorder—somuchsothatanew termhasbeencoined—evil albino—whichactsasaplotdevice.Thecommon traits of the evil albino include pale skin, platinumblonde hair, and blue or red eyes. This negative ideology is even present in great works of literature, suchasH.G.Wells’s novelThe InvisibleMan, and in film this came to fruition in the 1960swith the craze in skin tanning and the loss of the ideals associatedwithpale skin.Here is a short list of a few famousalbinos that have appearedon thebig screen: Silas inTheDaVinci Code, the twins in TheMatrix Reloaded, and of course themost hated villain of all for Hogwarts-loving fans, Lord Voldemort. Even when albinism is portrayed in apositive light, suchas in themoviePowder, thecharacter is almostmystical, with the IQ of a genius and the ability to produce electromagnetic charges. Nevertheless, he is kept in a basement, out of sight and out of mind for the world, demonstrating the view that society has regarding albinos. The idea of the evil albinowas not always the norm. Asian societies have long valued extremely fair skin. Old Chinese sayings are a testament to this. One such example roughly translates to “One whiteness can cover 3 kinds of ugliness,” and to this day, Chinese continue to use bleach creams and even sunscreen with whiteners. In Japan, geisha would use paint in their efforts to obtain very fair completions. In Europe, during theMiddleAges and theRenaissance, fair skinwas considered tobeattractiveandwasstrived for. It representedwealthandahigh aristocratic social status. Howhassocietymadesuchadrastic turn?Historically,albinismwould haverepresentedthepinnacleof the fair-skinned idealandamarkofhigh status, and now albinism is vilified as a condition that acts as a prerequisite forevil in someof thebiggestblockbusters in filmsand fiction.The attention on albinism should be directed to awareness of its characteristics—not only as having fair skin, but also its associated health concerns, including thevisual defects, increased risk of skin cancer, and the psychosocial problems that individuals with albinism endure.
Endoscopy and Gastric Ulcers
Authors: P. Moayyedi, A. T. R. Axon
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of gastric ulceration, and is the only investigation that allows histology to distinguish benign from malignant disease. Therapeutic endoscopy is becoming increasingly important in the management of bleeding gastric ulcers, and further research in this field should provide insights into the most effective technique for reducing the mortality from this condition.
The scientific community should lobby to be able to apply for drug licences
Authors: S. Garattini, V. Bertele'
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Recent research has suggested a moderate link between night work and breast cancer in women, mainly through case–control studies, but non-significant studies are also common and cohort studies are few. The purpose of the present study was to provide new information from cohort data through investigating the association between the number of years with night work and breast cancer among women. <h3>Design</h3> Cohort study of individuals exposed to night shift work in relation to incidence of breast cancer in women. <h3>Setting</h3> Individuals in the Swedish Twin registry, with follow-up in the Swedish Cancer Registry. <h3>Participants</h3> 13 656 women from the Swedish Twin Registry, with 3404 exposed to night work. <h3>Outcome measures</h3> Breast cancer from the Swedish Cancer Registry (463 cases) during a follow-up time of 12 years. <h3>Results</h3> A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with control for a large number of confounders showed that the HR was HR=1.68 (95% CI 0.98 to 2.88) for the group with &gt;20 years of night work. When the follow-up time was limited to ages below 60 years, those exposed &gt;20 years showed a HR=1.77 (95% CI 1.03 to 3.04). Shorter exposure to night work showed no significant effects. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The present results, together with previous work, suggest that night work is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women, but only after relatively long-term exposure.
Distinguishing Cancer-Associated Missense Mutations from Common Polymorphisms
Authors: Joshua S. Kaminker, Yan Zhang, Allison Waugh, Peter M. Haverty, Brock Peters, Dragan Sebisanovic, Jeremy Stinson, William F. Forrest, J. Fernando Bazan, Somasekar Seshagiri, Zemin Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Missense variants are commonly identified in genomic sequence but only a small fraction directly contribute to oncogenesis. The ability to distinguish those missense changes that contribute to cancer progression from those that do not is a difficult problem usually only accomplished through functional in vivo analyses. Using two computational algorithms, Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant (SIFT) and the Pfam-based LogR.E-value method, we have identified features that distinguish cancer-associated missense mutations from other classes of missense change. Our data reveal that cancer mutants behave similarly to Mendelian disease mutations, but are clearly distinct from either complex disease mutations or common single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We show that both activating and inactivating oncogenic mutations are predicted to be deleterious, although activating changes are likely to increase protein activity. Using the Gene Ontology and data from the SIFT and LogR.E-value metrics, a classifier was built that predicts cancer-associated missense mutations with a very low false-positive rate. The classifier does remarkably well in a number of different experiments designed to distinguish polymorphisms from true cancer-associated mutations. We also show that recurrently observed mutations are much more likely to be predicted to be cancer-associated than rare mutations, suggesting that our classifier will be useful in distinguishing causal from passenger mutations. In addition, from an expressed sequence tag–based screen, we identified a previously unknown germ line change (P1104A) in tumor tissues that is predicted to disrupt the function of the TYK2 protein. The data presented here show that this novel bioinformatics approach to classifying cancer-associated variants is robust and can be used for large-scale analyses. [Cancer Res 2007;67(2):465–73]
Reply to Apul Goel, Swarnendu Mandal, Sachin B. Patil's Letter to the Editor re: Gianluca Giannarini, Thomas M. Kessler, Frédéric D. Birkhäuser, George N. Thalmann, Urs E. Studer. Antegrade Perfusion With Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Patients With Non–Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract: Who May Benefit? Eur Urol 2011;60:955-60
Authors: Gianluca Giannarini, Urs E. Studer
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Atrial Septal Defect in Patients over the Age of Forty Years
Authors: JAMES H. GAULT, ANDREW G. MORROW, WILLIAM A. GAY, JOHN ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The fate of 62 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) who were 40 years of age and older was analyzed in detail. All patients were studied hemodynamically, those who underwent operation were recatheterized postoperatively, and the subsequent clinical courses of the entire group were determined. Cardiorespiratory symptoms were reported by 94% of the patients; 45% were in functional class III or IV. Fifty-four patients had moderate or large left-to-right shunts; pulmonary arterial (PA) hypertension was present in 69% of these patients, and was severe in 28%. PA hypertension or a large left-to-right shunt, or both were found in all 28 patients in functional classes III and IV. Eight patients (13%) exhibited evidence of severe obliterative pulmonary vascular disease, with balanced or predominantly right-to-left shunting. Operative correction of the ASD was performed in 48 patients. The overall operative mortality of 12.5% was reduced to 6.5% in the 31 patients operated upon after 1961. At the initial follow-up, which averaged 8 months postoperatively, 29 of 41 patients, including all those in classes III and IV, were improved by at least one functional class. No patient was worse, and only four of 20 patients in class II failed to benefit symptomatically. PA hypertension was abolished in 15 of 25 patients, and in the remainder an average reduction in systolic PA pressure of 20 mm Hg occurred. Symptomatic benefit has been sustained in all but three of 37 patients in whom late (average, 5 years) follow-up information after operation was obtained. It is concluded that operative treatment of ASD may be undertaken with a relatively low operative mortality in patients in the fifth decade, despite the presence of PA hypertension, large left-to-right shunt, or congestive heart failure, and that sustained clinical and hemodynamic benefit may be anticipated, even in patients with advanced symptomatic disability.
745 A DRUG INTERACTION STUDY EVALUATING THE COADMINISTRATION OF GS-9450, A NOVEL CASPASE INHIBITOR, AND THE FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION OF EFAVIRENZ/EMTRICITABINE/TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS
Authors: M.T. Cornpropst, W. Liang, G.J. Yuen, D. Eade, J. Hui, K.R. Hirsch, J.W. Findlay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Road Trauma in Teenage Male Youth with Childhood Disruptive Behavior Disorders: A Population Based Analysis
Authors: Donald A. Redelmeier, William K. Chan, Hong Lu
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Teenage male drivers contribute to a large number of serious road crashes despite low rates of driving and excellent physical health. We examined the amount of road trauma involving teenage male youth that might be explained by prior disruptive behavior disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder).We conducted a population-based case-control study of consecutive male youth between age 16 and 19 years hospitalized for road trauma (cases) or appendicitis (controls) in Ontario, Canada over 7 years (April 1, 2002 through March 31, 2009). Using universal health care databases, we identified prior psychiatric diagnoses for each individual during the decade before admission. Overall, a total of 3,421 patients were admitted for road trauma (cases) and 3,812 for appendicitis (controls). A history of disruptive behavior disorders was significantly more frequent among trauma patients than controls (767 of 3,421 versus 664 of 3,812), equal to a one-third increase in the relative risk of road trauma (odds ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.22-1.54, p<0.001). The risk was evident over a range of settings and after adjustment for measured confounders (odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.56, p<0.001). The risk explained about one-in-20 crashes, was apparent years before the event, extended to those who died, and persisted among those involved as pedestrians.Disruptive behavior disorders explain a significant amount of road trauma in teenage male youth. Programs addressing such disorders should be considered to prevent injuries.
Cat-Scratch Disease
Authors: Hugh A. Carithers
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Cat-scratch disease is usually mild, often unrecognized and almost certainly caused by a microscopic agent. All of 152 patients with this disease had significant lymphadenopathy, but only 8.5% of these progressed to suppuration. An inoculation site was found in 96.2% of the patients, usually on the upper extremities or head. These percentages vary greatly from those in previous reports. All except two patients had a history of cat contact. Complications in this series include thrombocytopenic purpura, encephalitis, an osteolytic lesion and Paranaud's syndrome (oculoglandular fever). Treatment of the disease should be mainly symptomatic. Aspiration is the treatment of choice for suppurating nodes. Antibiotics are probably valueless in either the prevention or treatment of this disease and its complications.
<scp>DNA</scp> methylation levels within the <i><scp>CD</scp>14</i> promoter region are lower in placentas of mothers living on a farm
Authors: Gisela G.G. Slaats, Lovisa E. Reinius, Johan Alm, Juha Kere, Annika Scheynius, Maaike Joerink
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Epigenetic regulation has been suggested to be a link between environmental intrauterine exposures and development of asthma and allergy. The placenta is an essential part of the intrauterine environment. We have previously found the innate immune receptor CD14 to be differentially expressed on the mRNA level in placentas in relation to lifestyle and parental allergen sensitization. We here hypothesized that the promoter region of CD14 may be subject to differential DNA methylation and therefore a link between intrauterine exposure and mRNA expression. Methods Ninety‐four placentas from the ALADDIN (Assessment of Lifestyle and Allergic Disease During Infancy) study were investigated. We used methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting (MS‐HRM) analysis to semi‐quantitatively analyze the DNA methylation of the promoter region of CD14 in 36 placentas known to have different CD14 mRNA expression. EpiTYPER was used to validate the MS‐HRM data and to analyze an additional 58 placentas selected on mothers living on a farm or not. Results MS‐HRM analysis on 36 placenta samples revealed a relation between methylation of the CD14 promoter region with the level of CD14 mRNA expression. The MS‐HRM and EpiTYPER data correlated highly significantly. EpiTYPER analysis of the additional 58 placentas demonstrated that DNA methylation in the CD14 promoter was significantly lower in placentas of mothers living on a farm compared with mothers not living on a farm. Conclusion Our data suggest that epigenetic regulation of CD 14 in placenta might be involved in the protective effect of ‘living on a farm’, with regard to allergy development.
Adrenocorticotropin-producing pituitary carcinoma with expression ofc-erbB-2 and high PCNA index: A comparative study with pituitary adenomas and normal pituitary tissues
Authors: Vânia Nosé-Alberti, Maria Isabel S. Mesquita, Luciana C. Martin, Marcia J. Kayath
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1998)