tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brain Embolism to the Lung
Authors: Clark D. Fobes
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Danazol in Hemophilia-Reply
Authors: Harinder S. Garewal
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  Ambriz et al report on their experience with danazol in mild to moderate hemophilia. No significant increase in factor levels was noted in 18 of 20 patients receiving 800 mg/day of danazol. Two patients showed modest increases (6% to 10.5% and 2.8% to 6%), which could well be within the error range of repeated measurements or related to recent infusions of factor. We and others have noted similar results along with an increased bleeding tendency in hemophiliacs receiving danazol. 1-5 Thus, there are now four groups, in addition to ours, that have failed to demonstrate any useful or significant increase in factor levels produced by danazol.  The mechanism of increased bleeding in some patients remains unclear, but one possibility is enhanced fibrinolysis, either localized or systemic, with the latter occasionally reflected in a shortened euglobulin lysis time (ELT). Ambriz et al used a fibrinolysis inhibitor, [unk]-aminocaproic acid, in
Platelet-derived growth factor BB stimulates vasculogenesis of embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells by calcium-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: S. Lange, J. Heger, G. Euler, M. Wartenberg, H. M. Piper, H. Sauer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) has been assigned a critical role in vascular growth and recruitment of perivascular mural cells. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the signalling events underlying the stimulation of vasculogenesis of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by PDGF-BB.PDGF-BB increased vascular sprouting and branching of capillary-like structures in embryoid bodies as evaluated by computer-assisted analysis of CD31-positive cell structures. It also activated extracellular-regulated kinase 1,2 (ERK1,2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase or PI 3-kinase. Microfluorometric analysis of fluo-4 fluorescence revealed that treatment with PDGF-BB raised intracellular Ca(2+) levels in differentiating ES cells expressing the PDGF receptor beta, an effect that was abolished in the presence of the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA. Furthermore, PDGF-BB raised reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in embryoid bodies as evaluated using the redox-sensitive dye H(2)DCF-DA. ROS generation was blunted in the presence of the NADPH oxidase inhibitors diphenylen iodonium (DPI) and apocynin as well as in the presence of BAPTA, suggesting that ROS generation is regulated by intracellular Ca(2+) transients. The stimulation of vasculogenesis of ES cells upon treatment with PDGF-BB was significantly inhibited by the ERK1,2 inhibitor U0126, the NADPH oxidase inhibitors DPI, apocynin, 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride and VAS2870, the free radical scavengers vitamin E, and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycin as well as by BAPTA.Our data demonstrate that the pro-vasculogenic effects of PDGF-BB are mediated by Ca(2+)-induced ROS generation, resulting in the activation of an ERK1,2-mediated signal transduction cascade.
The Role of the Psychiatrist and His Helpers
Authors: ROBERT W. GIBSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Medicare presents both opportunity and challenge to the mental health professions. It will help eliminate the traditional discrimination against the psychiatric patient in health insurance and federal legislation and remove financial and other barriers to psychiatric care for the elderly. Yet existing facilities are inadequate to satisfy newly created demands for service, and less than half of these facilities measure up to established standards of accreditation. The psychiatric profession must integrate these new opportunities and challenges in the provision of quality care for all.
THE TEACHING OF CLINICAL WORK TO THE UNDERGRADUATE
Authors: EVARTS A. GRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Mark Twain once said that everybody talks a lot about the weather but nobody seems to do anything about it. Medical education in the United States is like the weather in that everybody talks about it, but it is unlike it in that everybody seems to do something about it. It is a matter of surprise that with so much tinkering as has occurred in recent years we still have anything left that is capable of motion. This constant desire to change is, of course, indicative of dissatisfaction with present methods; and dissatisfaction may lead either to better things or to worse. Presumably, the dissatisfaction with the methods of education arises from a dissatisfaction with the finished product, the medical graduate. When, however, one analyzes the complaint, he is struck by the feeling that perhaps an impossible goal has been set up, one to which nobody could hope to attain.
Osteopontin expression in normal and fibrotic liver. Altered liver healing in osteopontin-deficient mice
Authors: Dionne Lorena, Ian A. Darby, Alain-Pierre Gadeau, Laetitia Lam Shang Leen, Susan Rittling, Luís C. Porto, Jean Rosenbaum, Alexis Desmoulière
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Effect of a Media Blitz and a Threatened Lawsuit on Stimulant Treatment
Authors: Daniel J. Safer
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To enumerate and evaluate changes in the rate of medication treatment for hyperactive/inattentive students subsequent to negative media publicity about methylphenidate (Ritalin) and related lawsuits threatened or initiated from late 1987 to early 1989. <h3>Design.</h3> —Biennial 1971 to 1991 school nurse surveys of medication treatment for hyperactive/inattentive students; a 1989 school nurse questionnaire on parent attitudes about medication; annual 1984 through 1991 hyperkinetic clinic treatment data; annual 1986 through 1990 Drug Enforcement Administration estimates of retail sales of methylphenidate, nationally and locally. <h3>Primary Setting.</h3> —All public and private elementary and secondary schools in Baltimore County, Maryland. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Students receiving medication for hyperactivity/inattentiveness. <h3>Results.</h3> —Whereas the medication rate for the treatment of hyperactive/ inattentive students in Baltimore County doubled every 4 to 7 years from 1971 through 1987, it declined 39% in the 1989 and 1991 surveys from its 1987 peak. This drop occurred after the 1987 through 1989 media blitz against methylphenidate and after a well-publicized threatened lawsuit locally. Parents became fearful of media-reported medication "side effects" and school staff hesitated to refer restless, impulsive, and inattentive students to physicians. Most inhibited from the prospect of medication treatment were less affluent parents and parents of hyperactive/inattentive elementary schoolchildren who had never received medication. Drug Enforcement Administration data revealed that the Baltimore metropolitan area had a far greater decline in methylphenidate use than that which occurred nationally. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Strong circumstantial evidence suggests that the prominent 1989 and 1991 declines in the initiation of stimulant medication for hyperactive/inattentive students were related to the apprehension of parents and involved professionals generated by the methylphenidate media blitz and the threatened lawsuit. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:1004-1007)
An alternative lifestyle for immortalized oral keratinocytes
Authors: Roger R. Reddel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Normal human somatic cells divide only a limited number of times before they enter a permanent state of cell cycle arrest referred to as senescence (1). If cells can divide 40 times, it might be expected that they could form a mass containing 240 cells, equating to a 1-kg tumor. This simple calculation, however, overlooks the significant rate of intratumoral cell death and the need for a moderately large number of (epi)genetic changes to accumulate during successive phases of clonal evolution and result in a fully malignant phenotype. When these factors are taken into account, it seems clear that the number of cell divisions required to form a clinically significant tumor greatly exceeds the proliferative capacity of normal cells (2). Identification of the molecular events involved in breaching the senescence barrier may reveal key targets for novel anticancer drugs. A study of the immortalization of a human cell type relevant to head and neck cancer, reported in this issue of the JCI, adds to the current understanding of this subject (3).
806 MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF ANEMIA IN THE INTERNATIONAL TELAPREVIR EARLY ACCESS PROGRAM, FOR PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1 INFECTION
Authors: M. Colombo, I. Fernández, D. Abdurakhmanov, P.A. Ferreira, S. Strasser, P. Urbanek, C. Moreno, A. Streinu-Cercel, F. Beeldens, W. Iraqi, R. DeMasi, A. Hill, J.M. Läuffer, I. Lonjon-Domanec, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
ORAL TRIMETHYLPSORALEN IN VITILIGO IN CHILDREN: A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: V. N. SEHGAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Summary.— Oral trimethylpsoralen was given to 12 children with different clinical types of vitiligo in a dosage of 5–10 mg daily, followed by exposure to sunlight. The response to this therapy was favourable. Vitiligo areata responded the best as compared to the other types. No cutaneous or systemic side effects were seen. Trimethylpsoralen is therefore recommended for the treatment of vitiligo in children.
Vascular Biology: The Past 50 Years
Authors: R. W. Alexander, V. J. Dzau
Journal: Circulation (2000)

It is an interesting endeavor to review progress in a field that did not exist 50 years ago in the present context of the term “vascular biology.” Certainly, in 1950, there was basic understanding of the role of arteries and veins in cardiovascular physiology and of capillaries in gas and nutrient transport. Furthermore, there was considerable clinical knowledge about the role of atherosclerosis in ischemia and infarction of the heart and other organs and that of hypertension in inducing microvascular damage and organ failure, particularly in the kidney. “Vascular biology,” which connotes the study of the biology of the constituent cells of the normal and diseased vascular wall, first gained some currency in the 1970s in defining this new field of study, which has enjoyed explosive growth in the past 25 years. Thus, the state of knowledge in 1950 must be placed in the modern context inferentially.

The vascular smooth muscle cell was appreciated for its role in controlling vascular tone in the resistance arteries. Nitroglycerin had been known for decades to relieve angina pectoris, and Osler had speculated about the role of vasospasm in precipitating ischemia and infarction. It was presumed, although not generally specifically stated, that hypercontractility of a particular coronary artery segment was being invoked, inferentially indicting the vascular smooth muscle cells. The endothelium was known to be a nonthrombogenic surface, although little was understood of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Conversely, acute cardiovascular ischemic events, such as stroke and myocardial infarction, were known to be associated frequently with localized arterial thrombus formation. As alluded to above, investigators knew that hypertension damaged blood vessels but did not know the specific mechanisms involved. Finally, investigators knew that atherosclerosis itself involved inflammatory cell and lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, although their mechanisms of entry were not known. These facts …
Organ-specific Antibodies in Patients with Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: S. K. Goolamali, E. W. Barnes, W. J. Irvine, S. Shuster
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Organ-specific antibodies were looked for in 26 patients with lichen sclerosus. Ten of the 25 female patients (40%) had organ-specific antibodies to thyroid cytoplasm and 11 (44%) had organ-specific antibodies to gastric parietal cells. Both values were significantly greater than those obtained in age-matched controls. None of the sera from patients with lichen sclerosus contained antibodies to steroid-producing tissues. No organ-specific antibodies were found in the one male patient.The findings suggest that lichen sclerosus may be related to an autoimmune process.
Proportion of people dying in hospital is falling
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2010)

For the third year running, the proportion of people in England who died in hospital has fallen, while the proportion dying at home continues to creep up, according to the second annual report on the End of Life Care Strategy.

A central objective of the Department of Health’s strategy, which was launched in 2008, is to enable more people to choose where they die. At the moment most people die in hospital despite surveys showing that 56-74% would prefer to die at home.

Latest Office for National …
Success of NHS and Community Care Act 1990 for elderly people
Authors: D M Newnham, W R Primrose, D G Seymour
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Victoria Ajayi and colleagues suggest that the reforms relating to the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 have improved arrangements for discharging elderly people from hospital in the borough of Hammersmith and Fulham.1 This is in contrast to an article by Tonks in 1993, which outlined major concerns regarding community care for frail and elderly …
The 1988 JAMA Peer Reviewers List
Authors: Elaine Williams
Journal: JAMA (1989)

It is once again time to thank all those who reviewed manuscripts for<i>JAMA</i>. In our continuing efforts to streamline the editorial process, the 1988<i>JAMA</i>reviewers list was computer generated. A program was written that extracts the names of those who reviewed and returned manuscripts for<i>JAMA</i>from our reviewer database. The system produces an alphabetical list ready for typesetting—months earlier than with our previous manual methodology. In 1988, two thousand four hundred forty reviewers gave their time and effort to review<i>JAMA</i>manuscripts. This represents an increase in reviews of 34% from 1987 to 1988. Our database of more than 6000 reviewers continues to grow steadily at the rate of 100 new consultants per month. These increases reflect<i>JAMA</i>'s commitment to review manuscripts meticulously before making the publishing decision, using the expertise of established and emerging leaders in every field of medicine.
Planimetry of Mitral Valve Stenosis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Behrus Djavidani, Kurt Debl, Markus Lenhart, Johannes Seitz, Christian Paetzel, Franz X. Schmid, Wolfgang R. Nitz, Stefan Feuerbach, Günter Riegger, Andreas Luchner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Coevolution of DNA-Interacting Proteins and Genome “Dialect”
Authors: A. Paz, V. Kirzhner, E. Nevo, A. Korol
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Several species-specific characteristics of genome organization that are superimposed on its coding aspects were proposed earlier, including genome signature (GS), genome accent, and compositional spectrum (CS). These notions could be considered as representatives of genome dialect (GD). We measured within the Proteobacteria some GD representatives, the relative abundance of dinucleotides or GS, the profiles of occurrence of 10 nucleotide words (CS), and the profiles of occurrence of 20 nucleotide words, using a degenerate two-letter alphabet (purine-pyrimidine compositional spectra [PPCS]). Here, we show that the evolutionary distances between DNA repair and recombination orthologous enzymes (especially those of the nucleotide excision repair system) are highly correlated with PPCS and GS distances. Orthologous proteins involved in structural or metabolic processes (control group) have significantly lower correlations of their evolutionary distances with the PPCS and GS distances. We hypothesize that the high correlation of the evolutionary distances of the DNA repair orthologous enzymes with their GD is a result of the coevolution of the DNA repair enzymes' structures and GDs. Species GDs could be substantially influenced by the function of DNA polymerase I (the bacterial major DNA repair polymerase). This might cause the correlation of species GDs differentiation with evolutionary changes of species DNA polymerase I. Simultaneously, the structures of DNA repair-recombination enzymes might be evolutionarily sensitive and responsive to changes in the structure of their substrate—the DNA (including those that are represented by GD differentiation). We further discuss the rationale and mechanisms of the hypothesized coevolution. We suggest that stress might be an important cause of changes in the repair-recombination genes and the GD and the trigger of the aforementioned coevolution process. Other triggers might be massive horizontal gene transfer and ecological selection.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF ELEVATED LEVELS OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA-GENERATED METABOLITE TRIMETHYLAMINE N-OXIDE IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE: THE GUT HYPOTHESIS REVISITED
Authors: Wai Hong Wilson Tang, Zeneng Wang, Yuping Wu, Yiying Fan, Robert A. Koeth, Stanley Hazen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Allergy to iprindole (prondol) with hepatotoxicity.
Authors: D. F. Harrison, I. M. Stanley
Journal: BMJ (1970)

safe and effective prophylactic," and because "50% of acute infarcts develop major ventricular dysrythmias."(4) Consider intravenous atropine for bradycardia.(5) If the pulse is irregular with runs of ectopic beats 50mg. of lignocaine slowly intravenously and the rest of the syringe pack intramuscularly.(6) Finally, beseech the ambulance men to give a smooth, steady, clammer-free ride to Treliske's coronary care unit.-I am, etc.,
Proceduralists — Leading Patient-Safety Initiatives
Authors: Mark J. Ault, Bradley T. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Trax systems, offer rapid, affordable, objective assessment of cognitive functioning.Any patient who has concussion as a result of an unobserved injury or with witnessed confusion should undergo screening to ascertain whether further assessment or rehabilitation is needed.Patients who have good cognitive functioning should be told that they can drive, whereas those who do not have good cognitive functioning should be medically advised not to drive, with charted documentation that protects the physician from liability. 4
Age Changes in Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Responses to Tilting and Standardized Exercise
Authors: ARTHUR H. NORRIS, NATHAN W. SHOCK, MARVIN J. YIENGST
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Tilting and standardized exercise caused extensive shifts of heart rate and auscultatory blood pressures in 140 ambulatory male subjects from 20 to 92 years of age. Following similar exercise, the older subjects showed a greater increase of heart rate and pulse pressure than did the younger subjects who compensated the changes caused by tilting more completely and rapidly than did the older subjects. These slower compensatory responses of older subjects should be considered in the interpretation of metabolic recovery rates after exercise.
THE ROLE OF THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN MOUSE ANAPHYLAXIS AS TESTED WITH HOMOLOGOUS ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN COMPLEXES
Authors: Richard Wistar, Perry E. Treadwell, A. F. Rasmussen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Blockade of the RES was accomplished by the intravenous injection of carbon particles, thorotrast, zymosan, or a suspension of Bordetella pertussis. The blockade resulted in a decrease in sensitivity to anaphylaxis produced by the intravenous injection of soluble antigen-antibody complexes consisting of an optimal shocking mixture of bovine plasma albumin and mouse antibody to this antigen. The decrease in sensitivity to anaphylaxis was dependent on the dose of blockading agent and on the time between blockade and challenge with complex. The loss of sensitivity to anaphylaxis could not be restored by the administration of fresh serum from normal mice nor by guinea pig complement. Antigen-antibody complexes were rapidly removed from the blood with an average half-time of 11.9 minutes in normal mice. Complexes were cleared at significantly more rapid rates in mice previously sensitized to antigen. Although not all the results can be explained on the basis of blockade the facts indicate that the RES does play an important but as yet undefined role in passive homologous anaphylaxis in the mouse.
Cerebral emboli as a potential cause of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: casecontrol study
Authors: Nitin Purandare, Alistair Burns, Kevin J Daly, Jayne Hardicre, Julie Morris, Gary Macfarlane, Charles McCollum
Journal: BMJ (2006)

To compare the occurrence of spontaneous cerebral emboli and venous to arterial circulation shunts in patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia and controls without dementia.Cross sectional case-control study.Secondary care old age psychiatry services, Manchester.170 patients with dementia (85 with Alzheimer's disease, 85 with vascular dementia) and 150 age and sex matched controls. Patients on anticoagulant treatment, patients with severe dementia, and controls with marked cognitive impairment were excluded.Frequencies of detection of spontaneous cerebral emboli during one hour monitoring of the middle cerebral arteries with transcranial Doppler and venous to arterial circulation shunts by a transcranial Doppler technique using intravenous microbubbles as an ultrasound contrast.Spontaneous cerebral emboli were detected in 32 (40%) of patients with Alzheimer's disease and 31 (37%) of those with vascular dementia compared with just 12 each (15% and 14%) of their controls, giving significant odds ratios adjusted for vascular risk factors of 2.70 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 6.21) for Alzheimer's disease and 5.36 (1.24 to 23.18) for vascular dementia. These spontaneous cerebral emboli were not caused by carotid disease, which was equally frequent in dementia patients and their controls. A venous to arterial circulation shunt indicative of patent foramen ovale was found in 27 (32%) Alzheimer's disease patients and 25 (29%) vascular dementia patients compared with 19 (22%) and 17 (20%) controls, giving non-significant odds ratios of 1.57 (0.80 to 3.07) and 1.67 (0.81 to 3.41).Spontaneous cerebral emboli were significantly associated with both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. They may represent a potentially preventable or treatable cause of dementia.