tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Priming the Pump—Can Delaying Defibrillation Improve Survival After Sudden Cardiac Death?
Authors: Terence D. Valenzuela
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctors should be alert for virulent community acquired Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: L. Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors should be vigilant for cases of community acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections, the Health Protection Agency has warned this week.

Recorded cases of Panton-Valentine leukocidin associated S aureus (PVLSA) infections in England and Wales have risen more than sixfold from 2005 to 2007, when there were 1361 cases recorded.

Whether there is a true rise is uncertain, explained Angela Kearns of the agency’s Centre for Infections at the agency’s conference in Coventry last week.

“We are seeing a year on year increase in numbers but it could be better recognition.” She said that the agency needed more data to …
CHRNA5 Risk Variant Predicts Delayed Smoking Cessation and Earlier Lung Cancer Diagnosis—A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li-Shiun Chen, Rayjean J. Hung, Timothy Baker, Amy Horton, Rob Culverhouse, Nancy Saccone, Iona Cheng, Bo Deng, Younghun Han, Helen M. Hansen, Janet Horsman, Claire Kim, Sharon Lutz, Albert Rosenberger, Katja K. Aben, Angeline S. Andrew, Naomi Breslau, Shen-Chih Chang, Aida Karina Dieffenbach, Hendrik Dienemann, Brittni Frederiksen, Jiali Han, Dorothy K. Hatsukami, Eric O. Johnson, Mala Pande, Margaret R. Wrensch, John McLaughlin, Vidar Skaug, Henricus F. van der Heijden, Jason Wampfler, Angela Wenzlaff, Penella Woll, Shanbeh Zienolddiny, Heike Bickeböller, Hermann Brenner, Eric J. Duell, Aage Haugen, Joachim Heinrich, John E. Hokanson, David J. Hunter, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Philip Lazarus, Loic Le Marchand, Geoffrey Liu, Jose Mayordomo, Angela Risch, Ann G. Schwartz, Dawn Teare, Xifeng Wu, John K. Wiencke, Ping Yang, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Margaret R. Spitz, Peter Kraft, Christopher I. Amos, Laura J. Bierut
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Background:Recent meta-analyses show strong evidence of associations among genetic variants in CHRNA5 on chromosome 15q25, smoking quantity, and lung cancer. This meta-analysis tests whether the CHRNA5 variant rs16969968 predicts age of smoking cessation and age of lung cancer diagnosis.
EFFECTS OF LARGE DOSES OF X-RAYS ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE MONKEY TO EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Harold L. Amoss, Herbert D. Taylor, William D. Witherbee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

In two series of the experiments here recorded the monkey which had been repeatedly exposed to x-rays responded with typical acute poliomyelitis to an intracerebral inoculation of poliomyelitic virus filtrate, whereas the normal control receiving the same dose showed no symptoms. In another series the x-rayed animal came down with typical poliomyelitis after inoculation with three-fourths of the dose which was not infective for the control. It has been demonstrated that the x-rays diminished both the number of circulating lymphocytes and the resistance of the animal to the weak poliomyelitic virus. Whether the lowered resistance of the animals as the result of the treatment with x-rays is due to the reduction of circulating lymphocytes in each of the x-rayed monkeys is not determined in these experiments. However, the great reduction in lymphocytes in human cases and in monkeys during the acute stage of experimental poliomyelitis and the gradual return of the cells to their former numbers during recovery strongly suggest a definite relation between these cells and one factor of resistance in poliomyelitis. On the other hand, the reduction in resistance by x-rays, while definite, is not sufficiently great to warrant the conclusion that we are dealing with major factors governing infection or non-infection. Another experiment in this paper deals with the survival of a subinfective dose of the virus in the normal monkey brain. A monkey receiving the subinfective dose of the virus was exposed to x-rays at 28 days, another at 15 days after injection, but neither animal showed symptoms of poliomyelitis. It is concluded that within this period the virus did not remain unchanged in the normal monkey brain. An attempt to reduce the immunity in a monkey acquired by an attack of experimental poliomyelitis was unsuccessful.
The London Hospital Medical College denies selection bias
Authors: J. Cunningham, C. Berry
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Aneez Esmail and colleagues state that the selection of applicants for entry to medical schools in the United Kingdom is subject to ethnic bias and imply that the medical school of the London Hospital Medical College is one of the nation's worst offenders in this regard.1 People from ethnic minority groups made up 29% of this institution's intake for 1992, and our audit of admissions, conducted annually, indicates that almost certainly no selection …
AN INTERESTING CASE OF LUPUS VULGARIS.
Authors: R. R. CAMPBELL
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The patient who furnished the subject of this short paper was referred to me by Dr. Henry Burwash of Chicago. The history of the case is as follows: Mrs. M. W., aged 53, Canadian; married fifteen years; no children; was never pregnant; had never been robust, but enjoyed fairly good health; never had a blemish of any kind or character on the skin until the age of 48 when, three months after an operation for the removal of some polypoids from the nose, she noticed a small nodule on the left cheek. About this lesion soft papules continued to appear for three years, when ulceration commenced in the original nodule. The ulcerative process spread peripherally until two-thirds of the cheek had become involved in the destructive process, as attested by marked scarring and some ulceration at the time the patient came under my observation. There were also present
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulates cell proliferation and proteoglycan production in rabbit intervertebral disc cells cultured in alginate
Authors: Toru Iwashina, Joji Mochida, Takeshi Miyazaki, Takuya Watanabe, Sadahiro Iwabuchi, Kiyoshi Ando, Tomomitsu Hotta, Daisuke Sakai
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
The good, the bad, and the four hour target
Authors: J. Orr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The NHS’s four hour target for being treated in accident and emergency departments has dramatically changed the way unscheduled care services are run. It aims to improve the “patient journey” by emphasising the length of time it takes for a patient to be seen, assessed, treated, and “disposed of” by the emergency department. However, the effects of this target driven system have wide reaching implications throughout the hospital. I believe that ascribing too much importance to the four hour rule may, instead of benefiting patients, as is intended, actually harm them and thus contradicts the first ethical principle of medicine.

Hippocrates described the four ethical principles of medical practice in about 400 bc, a sort of “moral compass” for doctors even today. The first and most important of these is non-maleficence: “above all else, do no harm.” One would be hard pushed to find a clinician, even in 2008, who would disagree with such noble logic. Unfortunately, we are in danger of unwittingly failing our patients and the profession if we allow …
An Approach to the Pre- and Post-Operative Assessment of Parathyroid Function in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (HPT).
Authors: H. M. Park
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973An Approach to the Pre- and Post-Operative Assessment of Parathyroid Function in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (HPT).H. M. Park, M.D., R. E. Goldsmith, M.D., F.A.C.P., l-Wen Chen, M.D., C. Kuntz, M.D., C. Bahr, M.D., L. R. King, M.D., F.A.C.P., William A. Altemeier, M.D.H. M. Park, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. E. Goldsmith, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, l-Wen Chen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. Kuntz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. Bahr, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, L. R. King, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, William A. Altemeier, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-816_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThree major clinical problems relating to primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) have been under investigation in our institution for several years. [1] Which patient with borderline or definite hypercalcemia actually has HPT? [2] Which HPT patient has unigland and which has multigland disease? [3] When has the HPT patient who has undergone operation been "cured"?We approached the first problem by using serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) measurement; we approached the second with selective arteriography of parathyroid glands pre-operatively and, recently, by bilateral inferior thyroid vein sampling for IPTH measurement; and we approached the third by assessing function in the parathyroid remnant... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H. M. Park, M.D.; R. E. Goldsmith, M.D., F.A.C.P.; l-Wen Chen, M.D.; C. Kuntz, M.D.; C. Bahr, M.D.; L. R. King, M.D., F.A.C.P.; William A. Altemeier, M.D.Affiliations: Cincinnati, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 816-816KeywordsAngiographyHypercalcemiaHyperparathyroidismParathyroidParathyroid hormoneThyroidVeins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract IA4: Defining the mechanisms of tumorigenesis by mutant EGFR using mouse models
Authors: Katerina A. Politi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Mutations in exons encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are found in 10–15% of lung adenocarcinomas. The two most common mutations: a point mutation in exon 21 that leads to substitution of an arginine for a leucine at position 858 and small in-frame deletions in exon 19 are associated with sensitivity to the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib. Approximately 70% of tumors harboring EGFR mutations respond to treatment with these drugs, however 30% of these tumors exhibit primary resistance to treatment with these agents. Moreover, responses are transient and, on average, within a year of initiating treatment patients who initially respond eventually develop TKI-inhibitor-resistant disease. Drug resistance, in most cases, is due to a secondary mutation in EGFR (EGFR T790M). Other less frequent mechanisms of resistance include MET amplification, PIK3CA mutations and transformation to small cell lung cancer. However, the mechanism of resistance is still unknown in approximately 30% of cases. More effective treatment of patients with EGFR mutant lung cancer requires a better understanding of the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs and the development of strategies to overcome this resistance. To study these problems in vivo, we developed tetracycline-inducible transgenic mouse models of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Expression of lung cancer associated EGFR mutants gives rise to lung adenocarcinomas with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma features that are dependent upon the continuous activity of mutant EGFR for survival. Thus, treatment of the mice with erlotinib leads to tumor regression and long-term treatment with the drug gives rise to drug-resistant tumors that harbor some of the alterations observed in human TKI-resistant tumors such as the T790M mutation. Current efforts to use these mouse models to: 1) study mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs and 2) evaluate new therapies to overcome resistance to first generation TKIs will be discussed.
Patient adherence and persistence with oral anticancer treatment
Authors: K. Ruddy, E. Mayer, A. Partridge
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2009)

Given the recent significant increase in the use of oral therapies in cancer management, an understanding of patients' adherence to and persistence with oral therapy is crucial. Nonadherence and early cessation may be substantial barriers to the delivery of valuable therapies, and may impair health. Potential obstacles to adherence and persistence include personal characteristics, treatment features, and system factors. Techniques for measuring adherence and persistence include self-report, pill counts, microelectronic monitoring systems (MEMS), prescription database analysis, and the assessment of serum or urine drug levels. This review article describes available data regarding adherence and persistence among patients with cancer, as well as studies of interventions to improve adherence. All reports of studies of adherence with oral cancer therapy that the authors could find on PubMed or in the reference sections of these PubMed-located articles were included. Adherence and persistence rates ranged from 16% to 100% with different therapies and different methods of measurement. Studies that included educational, behavioral, and multidimensional interventions to improve adherence were also described.
EFFECTS OF IRON RESTRICTION ON MONOCROTALINE-INDUCED PULMONARY VASCULAR REMODELING
Authors: Yoshiro Naito, Manami Hosokawa, Hiroyuki Hao, Hisashi Sawada, Makiko Oboshi, Toshihiro Iwasaku, Yoshitaka Okuhara, Daisuke Morisawa, Akiyo Eguchi, Shinichi Hirotani, Takeshi Tsujino, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Aging and Cancer: Issues of Basic and Clinical Science
Authors: W. B. Ershler, D. L. Longo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

The majority of patients with cancer in the United States are more than 70 years old. Despite the increased understanding of the molecular bases for both oncogenesis and aging, the overlap of cancer and aging at that level remains a wideopen research domain. Similarly, at the clinical level, there is also an increased awareness of the need for more information about the influence of host age on the development of tumors, on the growth and spread of the disease, and on treatment expectations. In this review, we have attempted to frame questions regarding cancer and aging from the perspective of biogerontology and geriatric medicine. An increased effort to address the issues of aging is of paramount importance at all levels of cancer investigation.
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Lyme Disease
Authors: Robert C. Bransfield
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract A47: Fucoidan from <i>Laminaria cichorioides</i> inhibits AP-1 transactivation and cell transformation in mouse epidermal JB6 cells
Authors: Gwang Mo Namgoog, Hae-Gook Cho, Hong Seok Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccaride extracted from brown seaweeds, has anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities. Unlike heparin, fucoidan is known to exhibit anticarcinogenic activities. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the chemopreventive activities of fucoidan are not understood. Here we report that fucoidan from L. cichorioides inhibited the epidermal growth factor (EGF) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced neoplastic cell transformation, but had less cytotoxic effects on JB6 mouse epidermal cells. The EGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases, and c-Jun was inhibited by fucoidan, resulting from the inhibition of phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Fucoidan dose-dependently attenuated the c-fos or c-jun transcriptional activity, and thereby inhibited the associated AP-1 transactivation activity. In vitro binding assay revealed that fucoidan directly interacted with EGF, suggested that anti-tumor promoting effect of fucoidan might be due to preventing the binding of EGF to its cell surface receptor (EGFR). These findings are the first to reveal a molecular basis for the anticarcinogenic action of fucoidan and may partially account for the reported chemopreventive effects of brown seaweeds. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A47.
Ciliary function in Young's syndrome.
Authors: M A Greenstone, A Rutman, W F Hendry, P J Cole
Journal: Thorax (1988)

The association of recurrent sinopulmonary infection and azoospermia (Young's syndrome) was first described in 1970' but excited little interest until recently.The coexistence of male infertility, recurrent respiratory infection, and impaired mucociliary clearance2 is reminiscent of primary ciliary dyskinesia; but in the latter condition sperm counts are usually normal while motility is diminished.3Three recent reports"6 commented on the similarity between Young's syndrome and primary ciliary dyskinesia, but on the basis of limited studies of ciliary ultrastructure tentatively concluded that Young's syndrome was unlikely to be caused by a ciliary abnormality.This study reports a quantitative assessment of upper airway mucociliary clearance and ciliary ultrastructure in Young's syndrome.Because normal ciliary ultrastructure does not exclude the possibility ofa functional defect,7 ciliary motility was also studied. MethodsFifteen patients with azoospermia and recurrent respiratory infections were studied.Twelve had undergone surgical exploration of the scrotum and had typical findings at operation.2Of the three patients who had not undergone surgery, cystic fibrosis had been excluded in two by normal
Plasminogen activators in experimental colorectal neoplasia: a role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence?
Authors: J S Gelister, M R Lewin, H E Driver, F Savage, M Mahmoud, P J Gaffney, P B Boulos
Journal: Gut (1987)

An important step in the transition from adenomatous polyp to invasive carcinoma is the degradation of the epithelial basement membrane. By the generation of plasmin, plasminogen activators may play an important role in regulating the extracellular protease activity required for this event to occur. The production of biofunctional urokinase and of tissue plasminogen activator was therefore investigated in the dimethylhydrazine induced rat model of colorectal neoplasia. Both adenomatous polyps (p values less than 0.001) and colorectal carcinomas (p values less than 0.001) were demonstrated to produce a significant excess of both urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator when compared with macroscopically normal colon. There was, however, no increased production of either enzyme by macroscopically normal preneoplastic colon when compared with control colon. This enhanced capacity of colorectal tumours to produce plasminogen activators and generate plasmin is thus a feature of both the premalignant as well as the malignant phenotype. These enzymes may contribute to the malignant potential of adenomatous polyps and to the invasive capacity of established carcinomas.
Mucin-secreting neoplastic polyp: a unique endoscopic presentation of early colon cancer
Authors: K. Fu, T. Ishikawa, S. Igarashi, Y. Tsuura, K. Hirabayashi, Y. Kaji
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 73-year-old man was referred to our hospital to undergo polypectomy. Colonoscopy showed a protruding polyp, 25 mm in diameter, at the hepatic flexure. ([Figure 1] a). The polyp was reddish and showed characteristic mucin at its apex, suggesting secretion from within the polyp. Magnified chromoendoscopy with 0.4 % indigo carmine dye demonstrated a type IV pit pattern over the entire polyp surface, suggestive of tubulovillous or villous adenoma [1]. The polyp was removed en bloc by endoscopic mucosal resection and, interestingly, a jelly-like substance, similar to the mucin at the polyp apex, was also seen at the resection site ([Figure 1] b). Surprisingly, the polyp was diagnosed histologically as a submucosal deeply invasive cancer arising in a tubulovillous adenoma ([Figure 2]). The invasive cancer consisted mainly of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with mucinous carcinoma in part. A cross-sectional view of the polyp showed that the invasive cancer was totally covered by tubulovillous adenoma, making it impossible to diagnose the invasive cancer on the basis of the surface pit pattern [2] [3]. Interestingly, the mucinous carcinoma was connected to the top and the bottom of the resected lesion, appearing endoscopically as mucinous and jelly-like before and after resection. As the vertical margin was positive for cancer, additional surgical resection was performed with curative intent. No locally residual tumor or lymph node metastasis was detected in the surgically resected specimens.