tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive evaluation of ventricular hypertrophy in professional athletes.
Authors: W R Roeske, R A O'Rourke, A Klein, G Leopold, J S Karliner
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Athletes often exhibit ECG findings which are considered to be abnormal. Therefore, we used noninvasive graphic methods to study 42 active professional male basketball players, ranging in age from 21 to 31 years, without clinically evident heart disease. Of the 42, 11 (25%) met the Romhilt-Estes ECG voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy, and 12 (29%) satisfied VCG criteria for left ventricular enlargement; nine (21%) had left ventricular hypertrophy by both methods. In 33 subjects (79%) the 0.04 sec vector in the horizontal plane was anterior, and 29 of these exhibited one or more standard criteria for right ventricular enlargement; the ECG and VCG were concordant for right ventricular hypertrophy in 16 subjects (38%). Submaximal treadmill exercise tests (Bruce protocol) were normal in eight athletes, while in one subject ventricular premature beats occurred during the test. In 24 of 25 athletes (96%) from whom phonocardiograms were obtained a third heart sound was recorded, while in 14 (56%), a fourth heart sound was present. Of the 14 athletes who had a fourth heart sound, 12 (86%) had either ECG or VCG evidence of ventricular hypertrophy. Only four of 23 athletes had an increased cardiothoracic ratio (greater than .50) on routine chest X-ray. Ten athletes and ten control subjects matched for height, weight and body surface area had echocardiograms satisfactory for analysis. The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in the athletes averaged 53.7 +/- 1.3 (SE) mm compared with a value of 49.9 +/- 0.7 mm in the control subjects (P less than 0.02), and was increased (greater than or equal to 56 mm) in four. Left ventricular posterior wall thickness averaged 11.1 +/- 0.6 mm, compared with a value of 9.8 +/- 0.5 mm in the control subjects (P less than 0.05), and was increased (greater than or equal to 11 mm) in six athletes. The right ventricular end-diastolic dimension averaged 20.8 +/- 1.1 mm compared with a value of 12.9 +/- 2.2 mm in the controls (P less than 0.004), and was increased (greater than or equal to 23 mm) in four athletes. No athlete or control subject exhibited paradoxical septal motion. In the athletes, ejection fraction (cube method) averaged 79 +/- 2.0% and mean Vcf averaged 1.13 +/- 0.04 circ/sec; these values did not differ from those of the control subjects. Thus, both right and left ventricular enlargement ("physiological hypertrophy") are often present in the well-trained athlete, but left ventricular performance remains normal in the basal state in such individuals. We condlude that these individuals represent a selected subgroup of subjects who are variants of normal.
FREQUENCY AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DISPLACEMENTS OF THE UTERUS
Authors: PALMER FINDLEY
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In my effort to determine the clinical significance of displacements of the uterus, I have culled from 3,763 gynecologic records 480 cases of retroversion and retroflexion, and to this number I have added seventy cases of prolapsus, making a total of 550 displacements, or approximately one displacement in seven gynecologic cases as they have occurred in private practice. No forward or lateral displacements of the uterus are considered, for the reason either that they are congenital and in themselves are symptom free, or that they are dependent on encroaching lesions which directly lead to the displacement. In the preparation of this report, I divested myself of all preconceived prejudices and have let these records speak for themselves, without regard for the voluminous literature that has accumulated on the subject. For the purposes of this analysis, it is assumed that prolapsus is but the end stage of retroversion and as such
Reduction of jaw opening (trismus) in giant cell arteritis
Authors: R Nir-Paz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

<b>Objective:</b> To study the prevalence and the clinical characterisation of jaw problems in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). <b>Methods:</b> the prevalence of such symptoms in patients with GCA was evaluated by performing a retrospective analysis of all patients with GCA and polymyalgia rheumatica who were diagnosed during admission to Hadassah University Hospital. Ten patients reported previously in the literature were also evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Six patients out of 88 (6.8%) had complaints of reduction in jaw opening. These six patients seemed to have a much more abrupt onset of disease with shorter duration until diagnosis, higher prevalence of eye involvement (50% <i>v</i> 27%), and a higher rate of positive pathology (100%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Reduction in jaw opening in the appropriate setting may indicate the presence of GCA. This sign should not be overlooked in the presence of the claudication sign as it seems to reflect more severe GCA disease.
Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura by exchange transfusion
Authors: Anthony V. Pisciotta, Thomas Garthwaite, Joseph Darin, Richard H. Aster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract Three successive patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) were treated by exchange transfusion on a total of 5 occasions in addition to receiving more conventional therapy such as corticosteroids, platelet inhibitors, heparin, and splenectomy. Dramatic relief of symptoms and objective improvement in hematologic values occurred within 24 hours of each exchange. One patient subsequently died of complications resulting from a massive hemorrhage, but in hematologic remission. The remaining 2 are now apparently well. These observations appear to confirm recent reports of a beneficial effect of exchange transfusion in TTP. Although the reason for its effectiveness is not yet known, exchange transfusion may be a highly useful adjunct in the treatment of this disorder and further evaluation of this form of therapy appears warranted.
Open Operation in the Treatment of Calcific Aortic Stenosis
Authors: JOHN W. KIRKLIN, HAROLD T. MANKIN
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Calcareous disease of the aortic valve, diagnosed by fairly uniform signs and measurements, has been treated in 14 cases at the Mayo Clinic by an open surgical technic with utilization of extracorporeal circulation. One patient died during the operation and another died after leaving the hospital. Among 7 cases followed 6 to 9 months after operation, definite symptomatic improvement has been shown in 6. This disease is very dangerous, but a small improvement in the size of the valvular orifice can bring important benefits. The open operation is advantageous in avoidance of creating or aggravating insufficiency while relieving stenosis. Presently this operation is advised for patients whose disability is significant or progressing. Severe coexisting coronary artery disease is a contraindication; but associated aortic valvular insufficiency, advanced degrees of disability, and left ventricular failure are not.
Frozen shoulder: adhesive capsulitis.
Authors: M I Jayson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Frozen shoulder: adhesive capsulitis Among the numerous causes of pain felt in the shoulder are referred symptoms arising from disorders of the neck, lungs, heart, diaphragm, and even median nerve compression at the wrist.Even when the shoulder itself is at fault the possible causes are many: examination must include the glenohumeral joint, the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints, and scapular rotation on the chest wall to distinguish the various conditions.These include arthritis of synovial joints, in- flammation of bursae, inflammation and sometimes calcific deposits in the supraspinatus tendon, other rotator cuff lesions, and bicipital tendonitis.Particularly disabling is the development of a painful stiff shoulder, also known as a frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis.The pathological basis of frozen shoulder has been described by Neviasa,l who found at surgery a conspicuous absence of synovial fluid in the glenohumeral joint and a tight thickened capsule under tension applied to the humeral head, so limiting shoulder movements.He compared adhesions of the capsule with that of an adhesive plaster on the bare skin-hence the term "adhesive capsulitis."Manipulation of the shoulder tore the adhesions apart and made free movement of the humerus possible.Histological examination of the capsule showed only fibrotic and reparative inflammatory changes.Typically, the symptoms include increasing and severe pain in and around the shoulder with progressive loss of both active and passive glenohumeral movements.In particular, external rotation of the shoulder becomes extremely restricted, with lesser loss of abduction and internal rotation.2The pain may be severe and may persist throughout the night and lead to considerable distress.Radiographs are usually normal but may show minor osteoporotic or degenerative changes of doubtful importance.Degenerative changes in the neck are common.:3Arthrography4 shows shrinking of the joint capsule with reduced capacity to accommodate contrast medium.
Hypothyroidism and Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: An Autoimmune Pathogenetic Link?
Authors: David B. Badesch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), an often fatal disease of unknown cause that primarily affects young women, is a diagnosis of exclusion. The relative roles of genetic predisposition, autoimmunity, viral infection, hormonal influences, and environmental and drug exposures are not known. Among seven patients enrolled by our center in a multicenter trial of continuous prostacyclin in severe PPH, four of the five women had hypothyroidism. Although a causal relationship cannot be established based on this small case series, the possibility of an autoimmune pathogenetic link between PPH and hypothyroidism should be investigated further.
The Story of Ergot: for Physicians, Pharmacists, Nurses, Biochemists, Biologists and Others Interested in the Life Sciences
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The author has embodied an interesting and valuable concept in an excellent book. The story of one particular drug, presented from several different viewpoints, can, if well told, hold great fascination and have a broad appeal. Bove's work on ergot does precisely this and will interest a wide range of readers.  The book has three major divisions. The first takes up the biological aspects of ergot, along with various other factors that are included in the category of pharmacognosy. There is, at the same time, a fairly detailed history of ergot and the diseases that it causes. The second main division deals with the chemistry, biosynthesis, and chemical assay; while the third presents the physiology, pharmacology, and clinical uses. There are excellent bibliographies. Rarely will we find a single book which will make an appeal on a sophisticated level to such a wide range of readers in so many different
Can a Health Care Market Be Moral? A Catholic Vision
Authors: Pat Fosarelli
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Women's Health in Mid-Life: A Primary Care Guide
Authors: Linda Rogers, Paul D Blumenthal
Journal: BMJ (2004)

T he ages from 40 to 65 are a stage in women's lives that medical literature does not often focus on. This book groups the perimenopausal years together in a way that makes clinical sense, and it covers a wide variety of the healthcare issues facing the carers these women will encounter. The book is timely, as this year the oldest women of the baby boomer generation turn 59 and the youngest turn 40.
A rapid temperature-responsive sol–gel reversible poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-methylcellulose copolymer hydrogel
Authors: Wenguang Liu, Bingqi Zhang, William W. Lu, Xiaowei Li, Dunwan Zhu, Kang De Yao, Qin Wang, Chengru Zhao, Chuandong Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Longitudinal Study of New and Prevalent Use of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
Authors: Andrew J. Karter, Melissa M. Parker, Howard H. Moffet, Michele M. Spence, James Chan, Susan L. Ettner, Joe V. Selby
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We sought to assess longitudinal association between self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and glycemic control in diabetic patients from an integrated health plan (Kaiser Permanente Northern California).Longitudinal analyses of glycemic control among 1) 16,091 patients initiating SMBG (new-user cohort) and 2) 15,347 ongoing users of SMBG (prevalent-user cohort). SMBG frequency was based on pharmacy use (number of blood glucose test strips dispensed), and glycemic control was based on HbA(1c) (A1C). In the new-user cohort, ANCOVA models (pre- and posttest design) were used to assess the effect of initiating SMBG. In the prevalent-user cohort, repeated-measure, mixed-effects models with random-intercept and time-dependent covariates were used to assess changes in SMBG and A1C. All models were stratified by therapy (no medications, oral agents only, or insulin) and adjusted for baseline A1C, sociodemographics, insulin injection frequency, comorbidity index, medication adherence, smoking status, health care use, and provider specialty.Greater SMBG practice frequency among new users was associated with a graded decrease in A1C (relative to nonusers) regardless of diabetes therapy (P < 0.0001). Changes in SMBG frequency among prevalent users were associated with an inverse graded change in A1C only among pharmacologically treated patients (P < 0.0001).These observational findings are consistent with short-term benefits of initiating SMBG practice for all patients but continuing benefits only for pharmacologically treated patients. Differences in effectiveness between new versus prevalent users of SMBG have implications for guideline development and interpretation of observational outcomes data.
Book: The Politics of Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia
Authors: G. Serjeant
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Elizabeth N Anionwu, Karl Atkin 

Open University Press, £18.99, pp 164 ISBN 1 898546 48 7

Rating: 

In recent years, sickle cell disease and thalassaemia, both conditions largely confined to ethnic minorities, have gained increasing recognition by the white dominated health services in the United Kingdom. This book provides a useful historical summary.

Both the authors have considerable experience of addressing ethnic factors in health care. During the past 20 years Professor Elizabeth Anionwu of the Mary Seacole Centre for Nursing …
Endogenous synthesis of galactose in normal men and patients with hereditary galactosaemia
Authors: G.T. Berry, I. Nissim, Z. Lin, A.T. Mazur, J.B. Gibson, S. Segal
Journal: The Lancet (1995)

Despite restricted ingestion of lactose, patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency have raised concentrations of galactose metabolites in blood and urine. Endogenous production of galactose may underlie this phenomenon. Using isotopically labelled galactose in a continuous intravenous infusion, we employed the steady-state flux method to calculate endogenous galactose production rate in three normal men and three patients with classic galactosaemia. We found that galactosaemic patients and normal subjects synthesise gram quantities of galactose per day. The rate of synthesis ranged from 0.53-1.05 mg/kg per h. Endogenous production of galactose may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the complications of the brain and ovary, and could explain the persistent elevation of galactose metabolites in patients despite dietary restriction of galactose.
Pharmacologic Modulation of Salt and Water in the Airway Epithelium in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Michael R. Knowles, K. Olivier, P. Noone, Richard C. Boucher
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease with thickened airway secretions that result from abnormal airway epithelial ion transport, including defective cyclic AMP-mediated Cl− (liquid) secretion and excessive Na+ (liquid) absorption. These abnormalities reflect mutations in the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which normally functions as a cyclic AMP-regulated Cl− channel. Aerosolized pharmacologic agents are being tested as novel treatment for these genetic ion transport defects. Amiloride aerosol inhibits excessive Na+ absorption, and pilot studies in adult patients with CF show improved biorheology and mucociliary clearance of airway secretions, as well as slowing of the decline in lung function. Phase III studies of amiloride in adults and adolescents are underway, and short-term safety studies in children are under way. Aerosolized uridine triphosphate (UTP) induces Cl− secretion in CF airway epithelia via non-CFTR Cl− channels. Initial safety studies suggest that acute aerosolized UTP is well tolerated, and acute studies of the effect on mucociliary clearance are underway. Pharmacotherapy that targets abnormal ion transport holds promise for the treatment of CF airway disease.
Significant differences in B-cell subpopulations characterize patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease–associated dysgammaglobulinemia
Authors: Zoya Kuzmina, Hildegard T. Greinix, Roman Weigl, Ulrike Körmöczi, Arno Rottal, Sophie Frantal, Sandra Eder, Winfried F. Pickl
Journal: Blood (2010)
Platelet-derived growth factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: H N Antoniades, M A Bravo, R E Avila, T Galanopoulos, J Neville-Golden, M Maxwell, M Selman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Fibrosis is a complex process involving an inflammatory reaction, fibroblast proliferation, and abnormal accumulation of interstitial collagens. Mononuclear cells are usually present in lung fibrosis. Activated monocytes and macrophages in culture have been shown to produce several growth factors including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). PDGF is a potent mitogen and chemoattractant for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and a stimulator of collagen synthesis. We have studied the expression of c-sis/PDGF-2 mRNA in lung tissues derived from five patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and from four control individuals without IPF. Northern blot analysis of specimens obtained from four patients with IPF revealed the expression of the c-sis/PDGF-2 protooncogene. A control lung tissue without IPF did not express the c-sis protooncogene. In situ hybridization extended these studies demonstrating the expression of the c-sis mRNA in the five specimens with IPF but not in the four control specimens without IPF. The expression of c-sis mRNA was localized primarily in the epithelial cells. Invading alveolar macrophages also expressed c-sis mRNA. The expression of c-sis mRNA was accompanied by the expression of PDGF-like proteins in lung specimens with IPF but not in control lung specimens. These findings demonstrate the in vivo expression of the c-sis/PDGF-2 protooncogene and the production of PDGF-like proteins in the epithelial cells and macrophages of the fibrotic tissue. This localized and sustained production of PDGF-like mitogen may constitute an important contributing factor in the abnormal fibroblast proliferation and collagen production, events associated with pulmonary fibrosis.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY ALONE AND IN CONJUNCTION WITH PERPHENAZINE OR PLACEBO IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROTIC AND HYPERKINETIC CHILDREN
Authors: LEON EISENBERG, ANITA GILBERT, LEON CYTRYN, PETER A. MOLLING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

Pediatric patients with neurotic and hyperkinetic reaction patterns have been treated experimentally on one of 3 schedules: (a) brief psychotherapy, (b) brief psychotherapy plus placebo, (c) brief psychotherapy plus perphenazine. Analysis of the clinical response rates has led us to the following conclusions: 1. Children with neurotic symptomatology show a prompt and enduring response to a brief program of psychotherapy at a level of improvement (60-70%) that is significantly greater than that attained by children with hyperkinetic syndromes (15-40%). 2. No evidence was obtained for any enhancement of the response to brief psychotherapy from the addition of placebo medication. 3. We were unable to demonstrate a significant difference between response to placebo and to perphenazine when administered concomitantly with psychotherapy. The implications of these findings have been discussed.
Oral Contraceptives and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Samuel Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Studies done in the United Kingdom suggest a correlation between ora l contraceptive (OC) use and increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI ). A study of 153 women under 50 years of age who died of MIs as compar ed with a control group of the same age and marital status showed a significant association between OC use and MI which became stronger with increasing age: e.g., risks for the 30-39 and 40-44 year-old groups were 2.8 and 4.7 respectively. Another study involving 63 MI survivors between 25 and 44 years of age compared with a similar control group showed a strongly positive association: 29% of the patients and 8% of the controls used OCs and risks for the 30-39 and 40-44 year old groups were 2.7 and 5.7 respectively. The risk in OC users was 4.5 times greater than in nonusers. Other risk factors such as diabetes, cigarett e smoking and obesity also have a positive association with MI. Only one of 17 OC users at the time of MI had no other identified risk factor . When ranked according to the number of risk factors present (includin g OCs) risks relative to women in whom none were present were 4.2 for 1 factor, 10.5 for 2 factors and 78.4 for 3 or more factors. These estimates suggest that in women under 45 years of age, OCs act synergist ically with other risk factors rather than additively, to produce MI. Stroke, also identified, did not appear as a result of a synergistic relationship between OC and other risk factors comparable to that found in relation to MI. Further study is needed but estimated incidence rates of fatal and nonfatal MI attributable to OC use are each about 3.5 per 100,000 30-39 year old users per year and each about 45 per 100,000 40-44 year old users per year. Women with more than 1 risk factor for MI should consider alternative methods of contraception. Those women who do use OCs regularly, especially older women, should be followed closely and advised against OC continuation.