tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic fatigue syndrome: prevalence and outcome
Authors: S M Lawrie, A J Pelosi
Journal: BMJ (1994)

This week's journal contains two papers from multidisciplinary teams that shed light on syndromes of chronic fatigue and so move us towards resolving the often bitter controversy over myalgic encephalomyelitis. A large community survey by Pawlikowska and colleagues provides estimates of the prevalence of the symptom of fatigue,1 operationally defined chronic fatigue syndrome,2 and self declared (possibly self diagnosed) chronic fatigue syndrome in young and middle aged adults in south east England (p 763).1

They found that fatigue was common, occurred as a continuum, and was highly correlated with emotional distress. Most people attributed their fatigue to social or psychological factors. While 0.2% of the respondents reported that they had chronic fatigue syndrome, as many as 1% of respondents satisfied several of the criteria for the syndrome. As with many illnesses, the cases were found at the severe end of the continuum of fatigue, without any sharp cut off. Associations of self reported chronic fatigue syndrome with female sex and upper social class confirm what has been found in primary care and hospital studies3,4 but are less typical in community surveys.5,6 Previous studies have consistently identified a strong association between emotional …
Overexpression of truncated Iκ;Bα potentiates TNF-α-induced apoptosis in mesangial cells
Authors: Junichi Hirahashi, Atsushi Takayanagi, Keiichi Hishikawa, Osamu Takase, Akihiro Chikaraishi, Matsuhiko Hayashi, Nobuyoshi Shimizu, Takao Saruta
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
GPs appear before GMC accused of missing warning signs in deaths of Shipman's patients
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Foundation trusts are making the most of their freedoms to invest in new facilities and beds but are not outperforming ordinary NHS trusts, a review by the Healthcare Commission concluded this week.The review, the first of its kind and the result of visits to the first 20 foundation trusts, also found that four trusts were projecting large deficits of more than £3m ($5.3m; €4.4m).The commission concludes that, overall, foundation trusts had "hit the ground running" and have wasted no time exercising new freedoms to borrow money and to speed up decisions on opening new wards and operating theatres.For example, it took just 11 weeks for the University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust to plan additional wards and modular theatres-whereas it would possibly have taken two and a half years for the plan to go through the strategic health authority's processes, the Commission said.(See p 59.)
ABC of emergency radiology. The pelvis.
Authors: P A Driscoll, R Ross, D A Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

It is possible for the non-specialist to interpret pelvic radiographs accurately This chapter describes a system by which non-specialists can interpret pelvic radiographs.It requires an awareness of the basic anatomy of the region and an understanding of the possible mechanisms of injury.These two aspects will be discussed first. Important anatomical considerations AdultThe pelvis is composed of three bones (the sacrum and the two innominate bones) held together by several extremely strong ligaments.These are crucial for maintaining pelvic stability.A large complex of ligaments covers the interior and exterior surface of the posterior aspect of the pelvis (fig 1).In addition, there are two ligaments that originate from the side and back of the sacrum and insert into the ischial spine and ischial tuberosity.FIG i-Line diagram showing the strong ligaments around the posterior aspect of the pelvis.Left: anterior view.Right:
The Role of Data Audits in Detecting Scientific Misconduct-Reply
Authors: Robert Shulman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Rosenberg's letter propagates the lack of scientific and clinical objectivity as depicted in the original report.<sup>1</sup> Dr Rosenberg states in his letter, "Success with any agent is frequently rather fleeting. An anticonvulsant regimen that works on one occasion may certainly fail 3 months later. The need for reassessment and alterations in anticonvulsant regimens in these patients is well-known. Therefore, a Mysoline failure in January 1986 has little to do with the fact that in October 1985 Mysoline was effective, whereas generic primidone was not." I agree with Dr Rosenberg. However, is it not possible that what happened with Mysoline could also have happened with the generic? In fact, several patients were receiving generic primidone (Bolar) at the same time and did not experience increased seizures. Were there patients who were successful with the generic and not Mysoline? Dr Rosenberg should realize that a case report should
COMPREHENSIVE THREE–VESSEL PLAQUE MAPPING BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Taishi Yonetsu, Koji Kato, Bo Yu, Shiro Uemura, Haibo Jia, Rocco Vergallo, Farhad Abtahian, Jinwei Tian, Sining Hu, Aaron Aguirre, Iris McNulty, Shaosong Zhang, Hang Lee, Ik–Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Linkage of the angiotensinogen gene locus to human essential hypertension in African Caribbeans.
Authors: M Caulfield, P Lavender, J Newell-Price, M Farrall, S Kamdar, H Daniel, M Lawson, P De Freitas, P Fogarty, A J Clark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The renin-angiotensin system regulates blood pressure and sodium balance. The angiotensinogen gene which encodes the key substrate within this system has been linked to essential hypertension in White Europeans. It has been suggested that people of West African ancestry may have a different genetic basis for hypertension. In this study we have tested whether there is linkage of the angiotensinogen gene to essential hypertension in African Caribbeans from St. Vincent and the Grenadines. DNA from 63 affected sibling pairs with hypertension was tested for linkage by analyzing whether there was excess allele sharing among siblings genotyped using an angiotensinogen dinucleotide repeat sequence. There was significant support for linkage (T = 3.07, P = 0.001) and association of this locus to hypertension (chi 2 = 50.2, 12 degrees of freedom, P << 0.001). A DNA polymorphism which alters methionine to threonine at position 235 (M235T) within the angiotensinogen peptide has been associated previously with hypertension. However, we found no association of this variant with hypertension in this study. These findings provide support for linkage and association of the angiotensinogen locus to hypertension in African Caribbeans and suggest some similarities in the genetic basis of essential hypertension in populations of different ethnicity.
Seasonality of birth of patients with childhood diabetes in Britain
Authors: P M Rothwell, A Staines, P Smail, E Wadsworth, P McKinney
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Indirect evidence suggests that early environment is important in the causation of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.1 Viral infection is thought to be the most likely trigger. Although biochemical and immunological abnormalities develop several years before the clinical onset of insulin dependent diabetes, the age at which exposure to infection might induce the disease is unclear. The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with the congenital rubella syndrome shows that the process may be initiated in utero.1 As most viral infections are seasonal, the pattern of dates of birth of people with diabetes should differ from that of the general population if a significant proportion of cases was caused by intrauterine or perinatal viral infection. We therefore examined seasonality of birth in three large independent populations …
Suppression of antibody and T cell proliferative responses to L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 by a specific monoclonal T cell factor.
Authors: J A Kapp, B A Araneo, B L Clevinger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

The synthetic terpolymer L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) stimulates GAT-specific suppressor T cells in nonresponder mice. Extracts from these T cells contain a GAT-specific soluble T cell suppressor factor (GAT-TsF) that inhibits development of GAT-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses by spleen cells from nonresponder mice stimulated with GAT complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin (GAT-MBSA). These extracts also contain a factor that inhibits development of GAT-specific proliferative responses by GAT-MBSA-primed, nonresponder lymph node T cells. Experiments reported in this manuscript show that a hybrid T cell line, produced by fusion of the AKR thymoma, BW5147, with spleen cells that contain GAT-specific suppressor T cells, produces a constitutive GAT-specific suppresor factor that functionally and serologically resembles GAT-TsF extracted from T cells. More importantly, both GAT-specific PFC and T cell proliferative responses are inhibited by this factor.
The Role of Anal/Genital Warts in HIV Infection
Authors: Charlotte Kent
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  Data from the San Francisco Men's Health Study are being examined to investigate the potential role of sexually transmitted diseases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. During this investigation, we observed an association between HIV infection and a history of anal/genital warts.  The San Francisco Men's Health Study is a prospective study of 1034 single men aged 25 to 54 years who were selected at random from all eligible men living in the 19 census tracts of San Francisco with the highest incidences of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome before 1984. Baseline findings, including HIV serological and immunologic status, have been reported. 1,2   By univariate analysis, history of anal/genital warts was significantly associated with seropositivity to HIV (relative risk, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 1.7). In a logistic regression analysis, controlling for number of sexual partners in a lifetime and frequency of anal receptive intercourse (the most significant
Letter by Carnero-Alcázar et al Regarding Article, “Quantification of Incomplete Revascularization and Its Association With Five-Year Mortality in the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) Trial: Validation of the Residual SYNTAX Score”
Authors: Manuel Carnero-Alcázar, Luis Carlos Maroto-Castellanos, José Enrique Rodríguez-Hernández
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Sense of fairness: Not by itself a moral sense and not a foundation of a lot of morality
Authors: Nalini Ramlakhan, Andrew Brook
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Baumard et al. make a good case that a sense of fairness evolved and that showing this requires reciprocity games with choice of partner. However, they oversimplify both morality and the evolution of morality. Where fairness is involved in morality, other things are, too, and fairness is often not involved. In the evolution of morality, other things played a role. Plus, the motive for being fair originally was self-interest, not anything moral.
Interaction between filaggrin null mutations and tobacco smoking in relation to asthma
Authors: Nikolaj Drimer Berg, Lise Lotte N. Husemoen, Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen, Lars-Georg Hersoug, Jesper Elberling, Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen, Berit Christina Carlsen, Jeanne Duus Johansen, Torkil Menné, Klaus Bønnelykke, Steen Stender, Michael Meldgaard, Pal Bela Szecsi, Allan Linneberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Treatment of Verrucae With Smallpox Vaccine
Authors: William J. Hemphill
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Regarding the dangers of smallpox vaccination for verrucae, an important factor has been left out (<b>206</b>:117, 1968). One should take into account how recently revaccination has been accomplished. The course of primary vaccinia is well outlined in standard textbooks. Following revaccination the response may be mild to severe depending, among other things, on how recently the previous booster dose was given. Before discarding this method as noneffective or unsafe because of the severity of the reaction, it would make sense to evaluate response in a series of patients who were first given a booster revaccination in the arm in the routine way two or three weeks before vaccinating the warts. With the above technique, I have found that reactions have been quite mild. The number of cases treated so far is not adequate to draw conclusions as to effectiveness.
Arthritis may follow jejunoileal surgery
Authors: Jaan Kangilaski
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Bacterial debris can find its way from the bowel to the bloodstream and ultimately into joints, where it may cause "bypass disease"—an arthritic complication affecting about 10% to 15% of the persons who have undergone jejunoileal surgery. (Reports, and an editorial, about other conditions associated with jejunoileal bypass are found on pages 970, 982, and 988.) Evidence for this comes from a study of the movement of radiolabeled bacterial cell wall fragments. A report on the study was presented at the Boston meeting of the American Rheumatism Association by Peter D. Utsinger, MD, director of the immunology laboratory at Germantown Medical Center, Philadelphia, and associate professor of medicine at Temple University School of Medicine. Utsinger believes that the study adds support to the view that "rheumatoid arthritis is potentially a disease that follows bacterial insult." This has a number of implications for clinical practice; for example, physicians may wish to
IMPORTANCE OF RECTAL EXAMINATION IN THE PROGNOSIS OF RECTAL CARCINOMA
Authors: EDWIN W. SHEARBURN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The rectum is a relatively common site for the appearance of carcinoma. Carcinoma of the rectum ranks fifth in the incidence of carcinoma of the human body and second only to that of the stomach in carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. It accounts for approximately 60 per cent of all intestinal carcinoma and approximately 5 per cent of all of the carcinoma in the body. 1 Carcinoma of the intestine, rectum and anus ranks third in the causes of death from cancer in Virginia. 2   Carcinoma of the rectum is curable in a high proportion of cases when treated early. Five year cures have been reported in as high as 43.8 per cent 3 and 46 per cent 4 of cases. The operability of rectal carcinoma varies with individual clinics, having been reported in between 50 and 75 per cent with a tendency to increase in later years. 5   The
Cardiac Disease Evaluation and Management Among Kidney and Liver Transplantation Candidates
Authors: Krista L. Lentine, Salvatore P. Costa, Matthew R. Weir, John F. Robb, Lee A. Fleisher, Bertram L. Kasiske, Robert L. Carithers, Michael Ragosta, Kline Bolton, Andrew D. Auerbach, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Phosphorylation of hnRNP K controls cytosolic accumulation of TDP-43
Authors: Anthony White, Diane Moujalled, Janine James, Alexandra Grubman, Katja Kanninen, Peter Crouch
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Background TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) identified as a major protein constituent of cytosolic inclusions in spinal cord of patients with motor neuron disease. The inclusions are formed by movement of TDP-43 from its predominantly nuclear localization to the cytosol, followed by accumulation of ubiquitinated and phosphorylated C-terminal TDP-43 fragments. The mechanisms controlling TDP-43 trafficking and accumulation are not well known, however, it has been demonstrated previously that kinases control movement and accumulation of hnRNPs. Therefore, we investigated whether kinases also controlled TDP-43 accumulation during cell stress.
Bile acid nuclear receptor FXR and digestive system diseases
Authors: Lili Ding, Li Yang, Zhengtao Wang, Wendong Huang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Bile acids (BAs) are not only digestive surfactants but also important cell signaling molecules, which stimulate several signaling pathways to regulate some important biological processes. The bile-acid-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), plays a pivotal role in regulating bile acid, lipid and glucose homeostasis as well as in regulating the inflammatory responses, barrier function and prevention of bacterial translocation in the intestinal tract. As expected, FXR is involved in the pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases of gastrointestinal tract, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the roles of FXR in physiology of the digestive system and the related diseases. Better understanding of the roles of FXR in digestive system will accelerate the development of FXR ligands/modulators for the treatment of digestive system diseases.
Length of patient's monologue, rate of completion, and relation to other components of the clinical encounter: observational intervention study in primary care
Authors: Israel Rabinowitz, Rachel Luzzati, Ada Tamir, Shmuel Reis
Journal: BMJ (2004)

mean excess rating increased from 89% (SD 52) in 1990 to 158% (SD 40) in 2002 (difference 69%, 95% confidence interval 41 to 97; P < 0.000, paired t test), but fell to 56% (SD 43) on treatment (102%, 79 to 126; P < 0.000), which was 33% lower (5 to 61; P = 0.022) than the original rating in 1990.
Class II major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cells specific for a virion structural protein that do not recognize exogenous influenza virus. Evidence that presentation of labile T cell determinants is favored by endogenous antigen synthesis.
Authors: L C Eisenlohr, C J Hackett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The contribution of viral infectivity to the expression of MHC class II-restricted T cell determinants was studied. A murine I-Ed-restricted T cell hybridoma recognizing the neuraminidase (NA) glycoprotein of influenza PR8 virus was stimulated strongly by infectious virus but failed to recognize antigen introduced on noninfectious virions. Recognition correlated with the de novo synthesis of viral NA within infected APC. The effectiveness of infectious virus did not depend strictly upon the amount of NA present in cultures, since high NA concentrations could be achieved by addition of nonreplicative virus without being stimulatory for NA-specific T cells. Recognition of a determinant generated only when synthesized in murine host cells was ruled out, since, in high concentration, NA isolated from purified egg-grown virions, even if reduced and alkylated, was recognized by the T hybridoma clone. Isolated NA was recognized when added to pre-fixed APC, suggesting that this form of antigen was able to bypass the usual processing pathway of exogenous proteins. Data suggest that endogenously synthesized antigen may contribute most significantly to presentation of labile T cell determinants. In addition to NA, recognition of an I-Ed-restricted determinant of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) molecule, shown previously to have a relatively short half-life on APC surfaces, was enhanced greatly by infectious virus. In contrast, T cell recognition of a more stably expressed I-Ed-restricted site of the same HA polypeptide was only marginally improved on infected APC.
ALCOVE BEDS FOR THE EPILEPTIC.
Authors: EVERETT FLOOD
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In presenting this subject I labor under the disadvantage of advocating a theory rather than a well demonstrated fact. Caring for the epileptic in such beds as I am about to describe has, so far as I am able to learn, never been tried. An approach has been made to it in a few places, especially in the asylum at Turin, where very narrow rooms are used, but the essential features of this plan are lacking. The method is not advanced as a plan to be followed in all cases, but as apparently well adapted to certain conditions. The idea is to make an alcove, with walls of any firm material, either plank or brick, or brick with plank or board cover, just wide enough to easily admit the fully made-up bed. The bed should run on easy rollers and possibly project a few inches out of its alcove. There
SUPRARENAL GLAND IN ANESTHESIA
Authors: J. F. CORBETT
Journal: JAMA (1922)

It has been a common observation that certain patients do badly under ether anesthesia. Especially is this true in cases of typhoid; in starvation; in severe infections of all kinds; in late intestinal obstruction; in patients suffering from shock, and in persons who have either acute or chronic secondary anemia due to hemorrhage. In addition, one hesitates to use ether in cases of exophthalmic goiter. On the other hand, with nitrous oxid one can operate with comparative safety, and I believe that nitrous oxid has an advantage, in my hands at least, over local infiltration. Therefore I have attempted to analyze the underlying principles on which these statements have their foundation. First of all these agents, nitrous oxid seems to do least harm. Why it does least harm it is the purpose of this paper to explain from data collected for the purpose.  From the list of diseases I have
Investigation of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other human prion diseases with tonsil biopsy samples
Authors: AF Hill, RJ Butterworth, S Joiner, G Jackson, MN Rossor, DJ Thomas, A Frosh, N Tolley, JE Bell, M Spencer, A King, S Al-Sarraj, JW Ironside, PL Lantos, J Collinge
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
Intravenous infusion of salbutamol in severe acute asthma.
Authors: A J Johnson, S G Spiro, J Pidgeon, S Bateman, S W Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Out of 62 asthmatic patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of their disease, those whose symptoms had not sufficiently improved 15 minutes after an initial intensive regimen were randomly allocated to receive an intravenous infusion of either salbutamol 10 microgram/min (20 patients) or aminophylline 1 mg/min (19 patients). During the infusions, which lasted 36 hours, peak expiratory flow rates and spirometric values improved in both groups, but differences between the groups did not achieve statistical significance. Although salbutamol may be infused safely for a prolonged period to patients with acute asthma, it has no particular advantage over aminophylline. Furthermore, in patients who respond poorly to initial intensive treatment the subsequent infusion of a bronchodilator may not increase the rate of recovery from the rate that would occur naturally.
II. The Costs and Returns to the Resident
Authors: John T. Hart
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IT IS DIFFICULT to evaluate a period of preparation and training before one has completed that training and experienced its effects. One's education can be viewed with much greater advantage from a mature age. Nevertheless, residents are ready and voluble critics of their training, and it is with a mixture of humility and enthusiasm that I rise to my present assignment. We live in a society which places great value on leisure and material goods. Service and dedication are considered strange and suspicious motives. In terms of leisure and material goods, residency training is costly and its return is inferior. Most laymen of age and station comparable to residents are appalled at the resident's material sacrifice. Even the ultimate material return is not commensurate with the cost. These material injustices are now generally recognized within and without the profession, and they are diminishing slowly. Society wants well-trained doctors and must
The Subject of the Scourge: Questioning Implications from Natural Embryo Loss
Authors: Charles C. Camosy
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

"The Subject of the Scourge: Questioning Implications from Natural Embryo Loss." The American Journal of Bioethics, 8(7), pp. 20–21 Notes 1. Because of the confusion resulting from some referring to ‘conception’ as the embryo implanting in the uterus, I will refer to the completion of fertilization as the time after which a new member of our species has come into existence. 2. This is assuming that Ord is not referring to ESCR on embryos created via nuclear transfer (cloning)—and especially chimeric nuclear transfer. Such research opens up a host of other arguments that also do not rely on moral status.