tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elimination of the cold-chain dependence of a nanoemulsion adjuvanted vaccine against tuberculosis by lyophilization
Authors: Mark T. Orr, Ryan M. Kramer, Lucien Barnes, Quinton M. Dowling, Anthony L. Desbien, Elyse A. Beebe, John D. Laurance, Christopher B. Fox, Steven G. Reed, Rhea N. Coler, Thomas S. Vedvick
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Rolling Down the Runway
Authors: Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Today, steadily increasing numbers of hospitals and health plans are publicly releasing performance reports on the quality of care to permit comparisons across different providers. Our experience in recent years has provided important new evidence of what public quality reporting can accomplish and the difficulties it faces. Several years ago, the most important impediments to quality reporting may have been the availability of acceptable quality indicators and the feasibility of voluntary, standardized data collection by health plans. We have made strides in these areas. The Health Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) has expanded, and there have been new innovations in collecting data on quality from both patients and physicians. Hundreds of health plans have begun to report standardized quality data on a routine basis either voluntarily or in response to requirements from the Health Care Financing Administration, state Medicaid agencies, or private payers. Now, the more formidable barriers to the use of quality report cards may relate to the ways we report the data and use it. We need to find acceptable middle ground for those who believe information on individual physicians is critical and those who believe it is harmful. We need to reap the advantages in different modalities of data collection and different tools for quality management. Most of all, we need to find better ways to use quality reporting to empower purchasers and consumers and improve quality of care.
Lead loading of urban streets by motor vehicle wheel weights.
Authors: R A Root
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

This study documents that lead weights, which are used to balance motor vehicle wheels, are lost and deposited in urban streets, that they accumulate along the outer curb, and that they are rapidly abraded and ground into tiny pieces by vehicle traffic. The lead is so soft that half the lead deposited in the street is no longer visible after little more than 1 week. This lead loading of urban streets by motor vehicle wheel weights is continuous, significant, and widespread, and is potentially a major source of human lead exposure because the lead is concentrated along the outer curb where pedestrians are likely to step. Lead deposition at one intersection in Albuquerque, New Mexico, ranged from 50 to 70 kg/km/year (almost 11 g/ft(2)/year along the outer curb), a mass loading rate that, if accumulated for a year, would exceed federal lead hazard guidelines more than 10,000 times. Lead loading of major Albuquerque thoroughfares is estimated to be 3,730 kg/year. Wheel weight lead may be dispersed as fugitive dust, flushed periodically by storm water into nearby waterways and aquatic ecosystems, or may adhere to the shoes of pedestrians or the feet of pets, where it can be tracked into the home. I propose that lead from wheel weights contributes to the lead burden of urban populations.
Abolition of Staphylococcal Cross-infection in a Thoracic Surgical Ward
Authors: S. Goldfarb, G. C. W. James
Journal: BMJ (1963)

CONDENSER-HUMIDIFIERS MEDBALTJSHRNAL 305 types of condenser-humidifier.If the gauze element is sterilized it will be safe to reuse it from a bacteriological point of view, but the resistance to breathing will be increased and the humidifying power will be decreased so that in time it may need to be replaced on these grounds.Summary and Conclusions A theory has been developed to describe the performance of condenser-humidifiers in general and extended to cover more fully the type in which the patient brpathes through a number of flat wire gauzes in series.An example of the " multiple-gauze" type, containing 10 gauzes, manufactured by Messrs. Garthur (London) Ltd., has also been tested experimentally; the results agreed with the theory.Condenser-humidifiers can produce a substantial degree of humidification of inspired air in all normal circumstances by returning to the patient water vapour breathed out in expiration.They perform best when the fresh gas entering the humidifier from the room, or from a cylinder of compressed gas, is cold and damp rather than hot and dry.If a patient with a tracheostomy or an endotracheal tube is breathing fairly moist cool room air a good condenser-humidifier can completely replace the humidifying properties of the upper respiratory tract.The multiple-gauze type of condenser-humidifier appears to be the best design from a theoretical point of view and the 10 gauzes of the Garthur device give a performance close to the best possible for a condenserhumidifier.The device made by Dragerwerk with 15 gauzes should be marginally better.We are indebted to Professor William W. Mushin for his continual interest and guidance throughout this work.We are also grateful to Messrs. Garthur (London
1127-104 Evaluation of electrocardiography, signal averaged electrocardiography, exercise tolerance testing, echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
Authors: Darshan Dalal, Chandra Bomma, Khurram Nasir, Harikrishna Tandri, Cynthia James, Crystal Tichnell, Daniyal Ahmed, Hugh Calkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Combinatory approaches prevent preterm birth profoundly exacerbated by gene-environment interactions
Authors: Jeeyeon Cha, Amanda Bartos, Mahiro Egashira, Hirofumi Haraguchi, Tomoko Saito-Fujita, Emma Leishman, Heather Bradshaw, Sudhansu K. Dey, Yasushi Hirota
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

There are currently more than 15 million preterm births each year. We propose that gene-environment interaction is a major contributor to preterm birth. To address this experimentally, we generated a mouse model with uterine deletion of Trp53, which exhibits approximately 50% incidence of spontaneous preterm birth due to premature decidual senescence with increased mTORC1 activity and COX2 signaling. Here we provide evidence that this predisposition provoked preterm birth in 100% of females exposed to a mild inflammatory insult with LPS, revealing the high significance of gene-environment interactions in preterm birth. More intriguingly, preterm birth was rescued in LPS-treated Trp53-deficient mice when they were treated with a combination of rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor) and progesterone (P4), without adverse effects on maternal or fetal health. These results provide evidence for the cooperative contributions of two sites of action (decidua and ovary) toward preterm birth. Moreover, a similar signature of decidual senescence with increased mTORC1 and COX2 signaling was observed in women undergoing preterm birth. Collectively, our findings show that superimposition of inflammation on genetic predisposition results in high incidence of preterm birth and suggest that combined treatment with low doses of rapamycin and P4 may help reduce the incidence of preterm birth in high-risk women.
Relationship of hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism with bone mineral density among UK resident Indo-Asians
Authors: E Serhan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in UK resident Indo-Asians and this may be complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism.To investigate the relationship between these conditions and bone mineral density (BMD) in Indo-Asian rheumatology patients.110 Indo-Asian patients presenting to a general rheumatology clinic were selected for the study, of whom 77 were vitamin D deficient (HD), and 33 also had associated secondary hyperparathyroidism (HD-SHPT). BMD measurements at the femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS), distal radius (DR), and radius 33% were obtained. T and Z scores were used in the evaluation of the dual energy x ray absorptiometry findings. The Mann-Whitney U test and chi(2) tests were used in the statistical analysis.The patients with HD-SHPT had significantly lower serum 25-OH-vitamin D, higher serum alkaline phosphatase, and lower calcium levels than the HD group. Both T and Z scores failed to show any significant difference between the groups in the LS, but patients with HD-SHPT compared with those with HD had significantly lower FN T scores (-1.05 (1.47) v 0.28 (1.22), p=0.003), FN Z scores (-0.45 (1.27) v 0.26 (0.96), p=0.001), DR T scores (-1.83 (1.82) v -0.44 (1.77), p<0.001), DR Z scores (-1.25 (1.44) v -0.08 (1.6), p=0.001), radius 33% T scores (-1.65 (1.66) v -0.79 (1.21), p=0.008), and radius 33% Z scores (-1.07 (1.28) v -0.44 (1.1), p=0.017).Hypovitaminosis D complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with significantly decreased bone mineral density.
Levamisole in chronic hepatitis: A favorable trend is not enough
Authors: Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial has been undertaken to evaluate treatment of chronic hepatitis type B with levamisole. Ten patients received levamisole (150 mg/day, 3 days/wk) and 10 received placebo until seroconversion to antibody to hepatitis B e antigen eventually occurred, or for a maximum of 18 mo. Final evaluation at 24 mo after starting treatment revealed that 60% of the patients in the levamisole group had become hepatitis B e antigen negative, 90% were hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid negative in serum, and 8 of 9 (89%) patients had cleared hepatitis B core antigen from the liver. On the other hand, in the placebo group only 4 of the 10 subjects (40%) were hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid negative in serum and 3 of 8 (37.5%) of them became hepatitis B core antigen free in the liver. Moreover, in 8 patients of the treated group and in 4 of the control cases amino-transferase activities fell into the normal range. A liver biopsy specimen was obtained after treatment in 17 patients and 7 of 9 levamisole recipients showed marked improvement in hepatic histology, compared with 3 of 8 placebo recipients. These data show that patients treated with long-term levamisole therapy have a tendency toward normalization of aminotransferase activities and suppression of hepatitis B virus replication, suggesting that the drug may be of benefit in chronic hepatitis B e antigen-positive hepatitis.
Breastfeeding in Belarus
Authors: Ruth A. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract SY13-03: Molecular imaging for advanced practice in oncology
Authors: Steven M. Larson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with 2-flouro-2-D-oxyglucose (FDG) has been the poster child for MI and several million studies are performed for oncology indications in the US alone. FDG takes advantage of the Warburg effect, which is the aerobic glycolysis that is a common feature of many malignant tumors. The incorporation of high resolution CT into the same gantry with a high resolution PET scanner, has given a further boost to PET imaging of tumors and in fact, PET CT is the most rapidly growing clinical imaging modality in the US today. Tumors for which staging, monitoring treatment response are common place include, Lung, Lymphoma, Thyroid, head and neck, melanoma, colorectal cancers. But MI with PET/CT is potentially much more than FDG PET imaging, and several 100 tracers for specific molecular imaging have been developed in the last decade. Examples include amino acid tracers, like F-18 FACBC, nucleoside analogs, like F-18 FLT, and Na 124I to imaging iodide metabolism, Androgen receptor imaging (AR) with F-18 FDHT, and Estrogen receptor imaging with F-18 FES. In addition to small molecules, positron emitting tracers like 124I-, 68 Ga and 89 Zr are widely used for radiolabeling of antibodies and peptides, opening the entire universe of ligand receptor binding for human tumors. Radiolabeled drugs are being developed and examples include F-18 desatinib, a src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor and 124I-PUH71, a heat-shock protein 90 inhibitor. These radiolabeled drugs should facilitate the study of intratumoral pharmacology of human cancers. In addition radiolabeled nanoparticles are being developed and promise specialized targeting properties, and to serve as carriers for drugs to improve therapeutic index. In summary, MI with PET is rapidly evolving as a major frontier for development of the knowledge of tumor biology and pharmacology needed to optimize treatment of the individual oncology patient. References Schoder H, Grimm J and Larson SM: Molecular Imaging Section 6 in DeVita VT Lawrence TS and Rosenberg SA: Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology 8th Edition Volume 1 p 746 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY13-03. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY13-03
A new look at NHS commissioning
Authors: Joan Higgins
Journal: BMJ (2007)

With NHS reforms seemingly having gone full circle, it is time for the government to break out of the loop Health policy: a new look at NHS commissioningThe NHS is being restructured to make health service commissioning the engine of change.However, the model that has been developed builds on a legacy of weak incentives and lack of imagination.It has focused on modifying existing organisations and changing boundaries based on geography.It does not tackle the fundamental flaws inherent in the system created in the 1990s or respond to some key questions that most other healthcare systems have confronted over the past 70 years.This paper challenges the basis on which the NHS is developing commissioning and suggests five areas for further thinking.
Googling Self-injury
Authors: Stephen P. Lewis, Jasmine C. Mahdy, Natalie J. Michal, Alexis E. Arbuthnott
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), the deliberate destruction of one's body tissue without suicidal intent, is a significant issue for many youth. Research suggests that adolescents and emerging adults prefer the Internet as a means to retrieve NSSI resources and that important others (eg, caregivers) may also seek this information online. To our knowledge, no research to date has examined the quality of health information regarding NSSI on the Internet.To examine the scope and nature of web searches for NSSI websites and to evaluate the quality of health-information websites found via these online searches.Ninety-two NSSI-related search terms were identified using the Google AdWords Keywords program. The first page of Google search results for each term was content-analyzed for website type and health-information websites were further coded for credibility, NSSI myth propagation, and quality of health information.Frequency of NSSI web searches and indices of health information quality.Nonsuicidal self-injury-related search terms were sought more than 42 million times in the past year and health-information websites were the most common website type found (21.5%). Of these, a health and/or academic institution endorsed only 9.6%. At least one NSSI myth was propagated per website, including statements that NSSI indicates a mental disorder (49.3%), a history of abuse (40%), or the notion that primarily women self-injure (37%). The mean quality of health information score on these websites was 3.49 (SD = 1.40) of 7.Nonsuicidal self-injury-related search terms are frequently sought out worldwide and are likely to yield noncredible and low-quality information that may propagate common NSSI myths. These data suggest health professionals need to be aware of what information is online and should refer young patients and their families to reliable online resources to enhance NSSI literacy. Efforts to facilitate people's access to credible NSSI resources via the Internet are also needed.
Howard Morris Stevenson
Authors: R. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant thoracic surgeon Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (b Belfast 1920; q Belfast 1943; FRCS Ed), d 15 August 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After graduating he served with the Royal Navy in the Far East, before returning to the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast. He decided to train as a cardiothoracic surgeon at the Brompton Hospital in London and was appointed consultant thoracic surgeon in Belfast in 1951. He helped develop the whole range of cardiac and thoracic work, concentrating mainly on the latter as the years went on. The workload of chest trauma was particularly heavy during the troubles of the 1970s. He leaves a wife, Phyllis, and three children.
Pruritus as a symptom in hyperthyroidism
Authors: B. Rothfeld
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  Pruritus without objective evidence of skin disease is not commonly thought of as a feature of hyperthyroidism. Occasionally this may be the presenting manifestation in hyperthyroidism.  My interest in this subject was aroused by the following case:  Report of a Case:—  A 43-year-old woman was seen in May 1962 in the Dermatology Clinic of the Johns Hopkins Hospital because of severe pruritus. In addition, in the preceding six months the patient had noted marked hair loss. The serum protein bound iodine (PBI) level was 10.7μg/100 cc. Because of the elevated value, she was referred to the Endocrine Clinic. In response to specific questioning, the patient gave a history of diminished heat tolerance during the preceding year and of poor appetite and a drop in weight from 170 to 159 lb in the preceding six months.  The pertinent finding on physical examination was slight diffuse enlargement of the
RENAL MECHANISMS FOR THE EXCRETION OF INORGANIC SULFATE IN MAN *
Authors: E. Lovell Becker, Henry O. Heinemann, Kietsu Igarashi, Jurg E. Hodler, Herbert Gershberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

The sulfur contained in plasma is derived from sulfalipids, sulfatides, amino acids, and glycoproteins as well as from ionizable inorganic sulfate.The plasma concentration of inorganic sulfate is partially determined by the kidneys, since the ion is freely filterable at the glomerulus (1, 2) and reabsorbed by the renal tubules.In dogs (3) the excretory processes have been fairly well defined and the tubular reabsorptive mechanism has been shown to be characterized by a maximal transfer rate (Tmso4).The present study was under- taken to ascertain if similar mechanisms are op- erating in man.To elucidate this problem, the filtered load, tubular reabsorption, and urinary excretion of inorganic sulfate were measured prior to and during the infusion of sodium sulfate solution.Further, the readily exchangeable sulfate mass was determined using isotope dilution techniques.The results of this study show that the tubular reabsorption of inorganic sulfate in man is limited by a maximal transfer rate (Tm). MATERIALS AND METHODSSubjects.The subj ects were convalescent patients without apparent cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic disorders, and healthy young adult volunteers.All sub- jects had been on an ordinary diet and were fasted 12 hours prior to the study.Plan of study.Control blood and urine samples were used to determine the fasting plasma inorganic sulfate
Associations of Early Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Parental Depression With Subsequent Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Nerissa S. Bauer, Amy L. Gilbert, Aaron E. Carroll, Stephen M. Downs
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Children with known exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) or maternal depression are at risk for negative mental health outcomes as early as preschool age. Active ongoing surveillance for these risk factors can lead to earlier mental health intervention for children.To examine the association between parent reports of IPV and depressive symptoms within the first 3 years of a child's life with subsequent mental health conditions and psychotropic drug treatment.Prospective cohort study linking parental IPV and depression with subsequent billing and pharmacy data between November 1, 2004, and June 7, 2012.Four pediatric clinics.A total of 2422 children receiving care from clinics that implemented the Child Health Improvement Through Computer Automation (CHICA) system.Any report of IPV and/or parental depressive symptoms from birth to age 3 years, mental health diagnoses made with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision criteria, and any psychotropic drug treatment between ages 3 and 6 years.Fifty-eight caregivers (2.4%) reported both IPV and depressive symptoms before their children were aged 3 years, 69 (2.8%) reported IPV only, 704 (29.1%) reported depressive symptoms only, and 1591 (65.7%) reported neither exposure. Children of parents reporting both IPV and depressive symptoms were more likely to have a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adjusted odds ratio = 4.0; 95% CI, 1.5-10.9), even after adjusting for the child's sex, race/ethnicity, and insurance type. Children whose parents reported depressive symptoms were more likely to have been prescribed psychotropic medication (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9; 95%, CI 1.0-3.4).Exposure to both IPV and depression before age 3 years is associated with preschool-aged onset of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; early exposure to parental depression is associated with being prescribed psychotropic medication. Pediatricians play a critical role in performing active, ongoing surveillance of families with these known social risk factors and providing early intervention to negate long-term sequelae.
Is cardiac ultrasound mandatory in patients with transient ischaemic attacks?
Authors: L M Shapiro, C J Westgate, K Shine, R Donaldson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Revue des echographies cardiaques de 200 malades atteints d'ischemie cerebrale ou retinienne passagere. Dans le groupe ou les signes cliniques suggerent une origine cardiaque des embolies, 79 echographies sur 106 donnent des resultats anormaux. Dans l'autre groupe 1 seul cas est echographiquement anormal (sur 94). Les examens par ultrasons ne seraient justifies que chez les malades âges
The pattern of alteration in flow velocity in the recanalized artery is related to left ventricular recovery in patients with acute infarction and successful direct balloon angioplasty
Authors: Taro Tsunoda, Masato Nakamura, Tetsuzo Wakatsuki, Takahiro Nishida, Toshiyuki Asahara, Hitoshi Anzai, Hiroko Touma, Kazuhisa Mitsuo, Yasunari Soumitsu, Hideo Sakatani, Shigeru Nakamura, Toshiyuki Degawa, Tetsu Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)