tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Observations on the Treatment of Zymotic Diseases by the Administration of Sulphites
Authors: J. Polli
Journal: BMJ (1867)

IT has been long admitted in medicine that -there are diseases whose cause and origin is a specific ferment, either generated within the system, or introduced from without.Such would be, for example, the different viruses, contagious poisons, miasmata,'etc.These morbific ferments, inducing a special decomposition of the blood or of the humours, would seem to generate that series of maladies' which we term zymotic, and which would seem to depend on the efforts made by the morbific pro- cess either in the assimilation or in the attempts at expulsion of the diseased heterogeneous products, and in the resulting reaction of the nervous system against the inquination of the newly formed blood.When time and strength are in sufficient quantity to enable him to eli- minate the products of the fermentative decomposition of the blood, the patient recovers.When, on the contrary,, the inquination of the blood is greater than what can be eliminated by the vital force of the patient, he dies.It had long been the fervent desire of physicians that some means might be devised of neutralising these morbific ferments; but, up to the present age, it had still remained unaccomplished, as, of the many substances which were known to have the power of neutralising ferments, none had yet been found which could be employed with safety; as all those agents which were known to have a sensible power over such ferments were always of so destructive a nature as to render their administration inconsistent with life-for instance, arsenic, chlorine and the hypochlorites, nitric acid, hydrocyanic acid, bichloricre of mercury, etc.But while these are, no doubt, strongly antiseptic agents, and adapted to preserve dead specimens of the vegetable and animal king- doms, they cannot with impunity be administered to living bodies.A substance was still to be discovered, which, while possessing the power of rendering organic matters incapable of being acted on by those fermenting principles, would at the same time exercise this function without in any way endangering any of the vital processes.During a long series of researches, dating from 1857,t and under- taken with the view of studying the different fermenting processes of or- ganic matters which seemed to bear some analogy to the different mor- bific alterations of the animal economy, I came to the conclusion that in sulphurous acid we possess the most active agent in arresting all fer- menting processes, even those over which arsenic and hydrocyanic acid have no power, such as synaptasic and saligenic fermentations (see Piria and Bouchardat); or those which are not arrested by phenic acid,
Cup a 3, major allergen from Cupressus arizonica: Cloning and expression in pichia pastoria
Authors: Carlos Lahoz, Isabel Cortegano, Ascensión Minguez, Victoria Del Pozo, Esther Civantos, Blanca Cárdaba, Esther Aceituno, Marta Rojo, Soledad Gallardo, Pilar Palomino
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Ultrasonography-guided oral anticoagulant therapy reduced recurrent venous thromboembolism
Authors: Henri Bounameaux
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Prandoni P, Prins MH, Lensing AW, et al. Residual thrombosis on ultrasonography to guide the duration of anticoagulation in patients with deep venous thrombosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:577-85. 19414836
Seeing and Human Welfare
Authors: Matthew Luckiesh
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intrapartum Exposure to Nevirapine and Subsequent Maternal Responses to Nevirapine-Based Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Gonzague Jourdain, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Sophie Le Coeur, Chureeratana Bowonwatanuwong, Pacharee Kantipong, Pranee Leechanachai, Surabhon Ariyadej, Prattana Leenasirimakul, Scott Hammer, Marc Lallemant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A single intrapartum dose of nevirapine for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to the selection of resistance mutations. Whether there are clinically significant consequences in mothers who are subsequently treated with a nevirapine-containing regimen is unknown.We randomly assigned 1844 women in Thailand who received zidovudine during the third trimester of pregnancy to receive intrapartum nevirapine or placebo. In the postpartum period, 269 of the women with a CD4 count below 250 cells per cubic millimeter began a nevirapine-containing antiretroviral regimen. Plasma samples were obtained 10 days post partum and analyzed for resistance mutations. Plasma HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA was measured before the initiation of therapy and three and six months thereafter.After six months of therapy, the HIV-1 RNA level was less than 50 copies per milliliter in 49 percent of the women who had received intrapartum nevirapine, as compared with 68 percent of the women who had not received intrapartum nevirapine (P=0.03). Resistance mutations to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors were detectable in blood samples obtained 10 days post partum from 32 percent of the women who had received intrapartum nevirapine; the most frequent mutations were K103N, G190A, and Y181C. Among the women who had received intrapartum nevirapine, viral suppression was achieved at six months in 38 percent of those with resistance mutations and 52 percent of those without resistance mutations (P=0.08). An HIV-1 RNA level at or above the median of 4.53 log10 copies per milliliter before therapy and intrapartum exposure to nevirapine were independently associated with virologic failure. After six months of therapy, there was no significant difference between groups in the CD4 count (P=0.65).Women who received intrapartum nevirapine were less likely to have virologic suppression after six months of postpartum treatment with a nevirapine-containing regimen. Our data suggest the need for strategies to maximize the benefits of both antiretroviral prophylaxis against mother-to-child transmission of HIV and antiretroviral therapy for mothers.
Male Pseudohermaphrodism
Authors: Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE pathogenesis of male pseudohermaphrodism has not been definitely elucidated.‡ Although this anomaly has been induced in the newborn of numerous laboratory animals by the administration of estrogens during pregnancy, no human counterpart of this experimental form of intersexuality has been reported. The patient described below is a male pseudohermaphrodite whose mother had received large doses of estrogens during the critical period of fetal sexual differentiation. Although the administration of estrogen to the mother and the occurrence of feminization of the external genitalia in the fetus may have been coincidental, a cause- and-effect relation is suggested.Case ReportThe infant, . . .
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A French prospective study
Authors: Y Bacq, T Sapey, M Brechot, F Pierre, A Fignon, F Dubois
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The aim of this prospective study was to analyze the characteristics of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in a French population. From 1989 to 1995 we studied 50 consecutive pregnant women with ICP (41 single, 7 twin, and 2 triplet pregnancies) referred for hepatologic consultation. All patients suffered from pruritus and/or jaundice associated with elevated fasting serum levels of total bile acids (mean 49 micromol/L, range 7-290). No patients had concomitant liver disease and all recovered normal liver function after delivery. Overall prematurity rate was 60%: 100% in multiple pregnancies and 41% in single pregnancies. Three of 61 babies died. Systematic clinical interviews revealed that 34 patients had been treated with oral micronized natural progesterone (200-1,000 mg/d) during the current pregnancy for risk of premature delivery, including at least 32 (64%) before the onset of pruritus. Onset of pruritus was statistically earlier in patients previously receiving progesterone than in patients not receiving progesterone (217 +/- 21 vs. 240 +/- 26 days, P < .01). This was also found in the single pregnancy subgroup of patients (222 +/- 19 vs. 240 +/- 26 days, P < .05). Pruritus disappeared before delivery in 10 of 50 patients, i.e., after withdrawal of progesterone in 7 patients (only one concurrently treated with cholestyramine), after decrease in dose of progesterone in 1 patient, and spontaneously in 2 patients. During the same period, the percentage of pregnant women without ICP who had been treated with progesterone during pregnancy was statistically lower than the percentage of patients treated with progesterone before the onset of pruritus in our group of patients with ICP (36% vs. 64%, P < .01, odds ratio 3.16, 95% CI:1.29-7.80). These results suggest that orally administered progesterone might be an exogenous factor which triggers ICP in predisposed women.
Impaired aerobic work capacity in insulin dependent diabetics with increased urinary albumin excretion
Authors: T. Jensen, E. A Richter, B. Feldt-Rasmussen, H. Kelbaek, T. Deckert
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To assess whether decreased aerobic work capacity was associated with albuminuria in insulin dependent diabetics aerobic capacity was measured in three groups of 10 patients matched for age, sex, duration of diabetes, and degree of physical activity. Group 1 comprised 10 patients with normal urinary albumin excretion (&lt;30 mg/24 h), group 2 comprised 10 with incipient diabetic nephropathy (urinary albumin excretion 30-300 mg/24 h, and group 3 comprised 10 with clinical diabetic nephropathy (urinary albumin excretion &gt;300 mg/24 h). Ten non-diabetic subjects matched for sex, age, and physical activity served as controls. Oxygen uptake was similar in the four groups at rest and during a 75 W workload. Maximal oxygen uptake was also similar in the control subjects and group 1 (median 41·7, (range 29·1-53·0) ml/kg/min <i>v</i> 38·5 (26·6-59·2) ml/kg/min, respectively), but was significantly lower in group 2 (27·7 (13·9-44·3) ml/kg/min) and group 3 (26·8 (22·6-36·7) ml/kg/min). The difference in maximal oxygen uptake between groups 1 and 2 was 10·8 ml/kg/min (95% confidence interval 3·6 to 23·4 ml/kg/min) and between groups 1 and 3, 11·7 ml/kg/min (4·9 to 22·5 ml/kg/min). These differences were not explained by differences in metabolic control or the degree of autonomic neuropathy. Thus the insulin dependent diabetics with only slightly increased urinary albumin excretion had an appreciably impaired aerobic work capacity which could not be explained by autonomic neuropathy or the duration of diabetes. Whether the reduced capacity is due to widespread microangiopathy or another pathological process affecting the myocardium remains to be established.
Induction of Sonic Hedgehog Mediators by Transforming Growth Factor-β: Smad3-Dependent Activation of <i>Gli2</i> and <i>Gli1</i> Expression <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Sylviane Dennler, Jocelyne André, Ismini Alexaki, Allen Li, Thierry Magnaldo, Peter ten Dijke, Xiao-Jing Wang, Franck Verrecchia, Alain Mauviel
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Hedgehog (Hh) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members are involved in numerous overlapping processes during embryonic development, hair cycle, and cancer. Herein, we show that TGF-β induces the expression of the Hh signaling molecules Gli1 and Gli2 in various human cell types, including normal fibroblasts and keratinocytes, as well as various cancer cell lines. Gli2 induction by TGF-β is rapid, independent from Hh receptor signaling, and requires a functional Smad pathway. Gli1 expression is subsequently activated in a Gli2-dependent manner. In transgenic mice overexpressing TGF-β1 in the skin, Gli1 and Gli2 expression is also elevated and depends on Smad3. In pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines resistant to Hh inhibition, pharmacologic blockade of TGF-β signaling leads to repression of cell proliferation accompanied with a reduction in Gli2 expression. We thus identify TGF-β as a potent transcriptional inducer of Gli transcription factors. Targeting the cooperation of Hh and TGF-β signaling may provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6981–6]
Zinc‐induced sideroblastic anemia: Report of a case, review of the literature, and description of the hematologic syndrome
Authors: Darrell N. Fiske, Harry E. McCoy, Craig S. Kitchens
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Zinc ingestion has become increasingly popular in the lay and food faddist population. Herein described by way of a case report and review of the 13 cases in the literature is the syndrome of severe anemia associated with excessive and prolonged intake of oral zinc. The syndrome is characterized by anemia, granulocytopenia, and bone marrow findings of vacuolated precursors and ringed sideroblasts. Serum analysis reveals increased zinc levels, decreased copper levels, and a decrease in ceruloplasmin. The mechanism appears to be zinc‐induced copper deficiency, which is instrumental in producing the profound bone marrow abnormalities, as zinc itself is of low toxicity. Importantly, the syndrome is totally reversible with cessation of zinc intake. Hematologists should be aware of this form of reversible sideroblastic anemia. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
337 EXPRESSION OF PD-1 AND CTLA-4 IS INCREASED DURING SYMPTOMATIC PHASE OF ACUTE HEPATITIS A
Authors: C.W. Kim, H. Cho, H.Y. Kim, S.W. Lee, J.W. Jang, J.Y. Choi, S.K. Yoon, C.D. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Health Status, Risk Factors, and Medical Conditions Among Persons Enrolled in Medicaid vs Uninsured Low-Income Adults Potentially Eligible for Medicaid Under the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Sandra L. Decker, Deliana Kostova, Genevieve M. Kenney, Sharon K. Long
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), states can extend Medicaid eligibility to nearly all adults with income no more than 138% of the federal poverty level. Uncertainty exists regarding the scope of medical services required for new enrollees.<h3>Objective</h3>To document the health care needs and health risks of uninsured adults who could gain Medicaid coverage under the ACA. These data will help physicians, other clinicians, and state Medicaid programs prepare for the possible expansions.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010 were used to analyze health conditions among a nationally representative sample of 1042 uninsured adults aged 19 through 64 years with income no more than 138% of the federal poverty level, compared with 471 low-income adults currently enrolled in Medicaid.<h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3>Prevalence and control of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia based on examinations and laboratory tests, measures of self-reported health status including medical conditions, and risk factors such as measured obesity status.<h3>Results</h3>Compared with those already enrolled in Medicaid, uninsured adults were less likely to be obese and sedentary and less likely to report a physical, mental, or emotional limitation. They also were less likely to have several chronic conditions. For example, 30.1% (95% CI, 26.8%-33.4%) of uninsured adults had hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes compared with 38.6% (95% CI, 32.0%-45.3%) of those enrolled in Medicaid (P = .02). However, if they had these conditions, uninsured adults were less likely to be aware of them and less likely to have them controlled. For example, 80.1% (95% CI, 75.2%-85.1%) of the uninsured adults with at least 1 of these 3 conditions had at least 1 uncontrolled condition, compared with 63.4% (95% CI, 53.7%-73.1%) of adults enrolled in Medicaid.<h3>Conclusion and Relevance</h3>Compared with adults currently enrolled in Medicaid, uninsured low-income adults potentially eligible to enroll in Medicaid under the ACA had a lower prevalence of many chronic conditions. A substantial proportion of currently uninsured adults with chronic conditions did not have good disease control; projections based on sample weighting suggest this may represent 3.5 million persons (95% CI, 2.9 million-4.2 million). These adults may need initial intensive medical care following Medicaid enrollment.
Abstract 5362: Deficiencies in mismatch repair proteins induce elevated levels of acrolein-derived 1,<i>N</i>2-propanodeoxyguanosine and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells treated with acrolein
Authors: Jishen Pan, Zhuoli Xuan, Marcin Dyba, Yongwei Zhang, Ying Fu, Rabindra Roy, Louis M. Weiner, Fung-Lung Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Acrolein-derived 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine (Acr-dG) is a ubiquitous DNA modification in vivo that may play a role in carcinogenesis. It can be formed when DNA reacts with acrolein in environmental pollutants, such as cigarette smoking and oil combustion, and from endogenous source through oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We have previously demonstrated that the formation of Acr-dG at a threshold level is linked to apoptosis in cells treated with PUFAs under oxidative condition, suggesting a potential role of Acr-dG in the apoptosis induced by PUFAs, especially ω-3 PUFAs. Acr-dG can be repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. To examine whether mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is also involved in the repair of Acr-dG, we treated MLH1-deficient HCT116 cell and its isogenic MLH1-proficient HCT116+ch3 cell with acrolein. The Acr-dG levels and apoptosis both were higher in HCT116 cells compared to HCT116+ch3 cells. To further study the role of MMR proteins in the repair of Acr-dG, either MLH1 or MSH2 was knocked down in HCT116+ch3 cells. The results showed that the levels of Acr-dG and apoptosis induction were both significantly higher in the knockdown cells than the cells transfected with control siRNA. The levels of p-ATM and γ-H2AX were also increased to a greater extent in HCT116 cells than HCT116+ch3 cells, and in the MLH1 and MSH2 knockdown cells than the control cells when treated with acrolein at the doses that induce higher levels of Acr-dG. This study shows that MMR proteins, MLH1 and MSH2, are involved in the repair of Acr-dG. The results also suggest that Acr-dG may cause double-strand breaks which lead to apoptosis. Whether MMR acts as an independent repair pathway for Acr-dG or MMR proteins cross-talk and interact with other DNA repair pathways, such as NER, is under investigation. (Supported by NCI grant CA43159) Citation Format: Jishen Pan, Zhuoli Xuan, Marcin Dyba, Yongwei Zhang, Ying Fu, Rabindra Roy, Louis M. Weiner, Fung-Lung Chung. Deficiencies in mismatch repair proteins induce elevated levels of acrolein-derived 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells treated with acrolein. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5362. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5362
Radiotherapy for Cancer
Authors: R. Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1939)

FEVERSTMiEDBRITISHJ ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNL type, although occasionally imperfect V forms and W forms may be recovered from a case which also shows V forms of a definite type.This, of course, is a quanti- tative and not a qualitative difference in antigen. Applications of the Bacteriophage TestThe applications of this test are manifold.It affords evidence which may either link up on a suspected carrier with an outbreak or may disprove his connexion with it.Thus the strain which caused the Croydon outbreak was Type D. The carrier suspected of having fouled the water supply which spread the infection also harboured an organism of Type D.Recently the laboratory assistant of a colleague, who is engaged in the preparation of typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine, developed typhoid fever twelve days after he returned from leave.The question of laboratory infection naturally arose.The strains in use in the laboratory were Rawlings and Watson (F), Ty 2 (E), and a strain called Giglioli, which proved to be A. The strain recovered from the attendant was C, thus proving that the infection had not been acquired in the laboratory, but was probably picked up while he was on leave.A short time ago an outbreak occurred in Birkenhead which was traced to an infected milk supply; but one case, occurring under rather different circumstances, could not be fitted into this picture.The associated cases of the outbreak proved to be caused by Type E. The anomalous case harboured Type D, thus confirming that it was a sporadic case of different origin.In commenting on Craigie's work an annotation in the British Medical Journal (1938, 2, 1212) suggested that his methods were uinlikely to come into common use, pre- sumably in the belief that the test was very intricate.This is far from being the case, and I hope that the remarks I have made and the demonstration I have put out will dispel this idea and will show that the test is simple and the results refreshingly clear-cut.To summarize, we have in the Vi agglutination test a promising method of detecting permanent carriers, and in Vi bacteriophage an extremely delicate and accurate means of studying certain aspects of the epidemiology of the disease.
A USEFUL, SIMPLY CONSTRUCTED STAINING RACK
Authors: Roy F. Feemster
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It is often a problem to find a place to lay a slide when staining or drying it in a laboratory which is not provided with special staining vessels with slide rests or holders. Becoming tired of having my slides fall from improvised rests while staining them, or having to stand them against reagent bottles to dry, I was finally reduced to constructing a staining rack for my own use. It has proved so satisfactory that I deem the idea worth sharing with others. All the materials necessary are three pieces of glass tubing of the same length, and a piece of fairly stiff wire. The wire is run through the front lower piece of tubing, as shown in the accompanying illustration, and about 8 or 9 inches is allowed to project out at each end. These ends are bent at right angles to the tubing in the same direction.