tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Right ventricular ejection fraction in patients with acute anterior and inferior myocardial infarction assessed by radionuclide angiography.
Authors: E Tobinick, H R Schelbert, H Henning, M LeWinter, A Taylor, W L Ashburn, J S Karliner
Journal: Circulation (1978)

We measured right and left ventricular ejection fracttion (EF) from high frequency time-activity curves obtained during the initial passage of an intravenous bolus of 99mTc (Sn) pyrophosphate. In 22 normal controls right ventricular EF averaged 0.52 +/- 0.04 (SD). In 24 acute anterior or lateral infarction patients right ventricular EF was normal (0.56 +/- 0.10), while left ventricular EF was reduced (0.45 +/- 0.10, P less than 0.001 vs controls). In 19 acute inferior infarction patients left ventricular EF also was depressed (0.51 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.001 vs controls). Among 7 of 19 inferior infarction patients with right ventricular by scintigraphy, right ventricular EF was reduced (0.39 +/- 0.05; P less than 0.001 vs normals; P less than 0.01 vs inferior infarction patients without right ventricular involvement). In the latter group right ventricular EF averaged 0.51 +/- 0.10 (NS vs normals). We conclude 1) a single injection of 99mTc (Sn) pyrophosphate can identify right and left ventricular dysfunction and infarct location in acute myocardial infarction, 2) right ventricular EF is well-preserved except when inferior infarction involves the right ventricle.
Rheumatoid arthritis as an infectious disease.
Authors: A Ebringer
Journal: BMJ (1991)

These skills have in common that thev can be acquired by many reasonably intelligent and empathic people: they are not the exclusive preserve of any one profession and, indeed, may be most economically used by non-professionals.The danger of internecine strife among the caring professions regarding the ownership of these various techniques is great, and the danger of overprofessionalisation of their practice even more so.
Allergic rhinitis: not purely a histamine‐related disease
Authors: P. H. Howarth
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa typified by the symptoms of nasal itch, sneeze, anterior nasal secretions, and nasal blockage. These symptoms arise from the interaction between mediators and neural, vascular, and glandular structures within the nose. Nasal itch, sneezes, and rhinorrhoea are predominantly neural in origin, while nasal obstruction is predominantly vascular. Nasal biopsy studies show accumulation of eosinophils within the lamina propria and epithelium and an increase in tissue and cell surface basophils in both seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. These cells are in an activated state. Within the epithelium, increased numbers of mast cells, T cells and Langerhans' cells, which induce T‐cell activation, are found. The accumulation of these cells can be linked to chemokine and cytokine generation by the epithelial cells themselves. Thus, the tissue cell recruitment is orchestrated by activated mast cells, T cells, and epithelial cells, with the recruited tissue eosinophils also contributing to their persistence at this site through autocrine mechanisms. Mast cells generate an array of mediators including histamine, tryptase, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. Histamine is also generated by basophils. Eosinophils and basophils contribute to the leukotriene synthesis within the tissue. Histamine nasal insufflation induces nasal itch, sneeze, and rhinorrhoea as well as nasal blockage, thereby reproducing all the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. These effects are primarily mediated by H 1 ‐receptors, and H 1 ‐receptor antagonists are a prominent treatment. Antagonism of histamine at these receptors reduces symptoms by about 40–50%, with the greatest effect on the neurally mediated responses. Thus, histamine is a major mediator of allergic rhinitis, but not the sole contributor. Nasal insufflation with leukotrienes, prostaglandins, or kinins is associated with the development of nasal blockage. These mediators act primarily on the nasal vasculature and, in this respect, leukotrienes are potent mediators. Leukotrienes also induce plasma protein exudation, which contributes to the anterior nasal secretions. Studies with combination products have suggested that modifying the effects of both leukotrienes and histamine has complementary effects in relieving nasal symptoms, indicating that both these mediators are relevant to disease expression.
Therapy of hepatitis C: Re-treatment with alpha interferon
Authors: A Alberti, L Chemello, F Noventa, L Cavalletto, GianLuca De Salvo
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The long-term benefit of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C is limited. During therapy, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels decrease to normal and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA decreases in 40% to 60% of patients. However, most patients relapse after therapy withdrawal, so that no more than 15% to 25% achieve a sustained response. Re-treatment has been evaluated in studies using different regimens and forms of alpha interferon in different cohorts of patients at different times after initial therapy. Both end-of-treatment and sustained responses to re-treatment correlate with the type of response achieved during the initial course. Patients who do not respond or have only a partial response to the initial course of interferon have an extremely low rate of sustained response when re-treated, independently of the regimen used. Combining data from 13 studies, sustained responses occurred in no patients who were re-treated with 3 million units (MU) three times weekly for 6 months, and in only 2% to 3% of patients re-treated with higher doses and/or for longer periods. In contrast, a significant number of patients who responded during the initial course but subsequently relapsed have a sustained response when re-treated with interferon alone. Combining data from 11 published studies on patients who relapsed after an initial course, sustained responses occurred in 15% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%-20%) of patients re-treated with 3 MU three times weekly for 6 months, in 29% (CI, 17%-40%) re-treated with a higher dose for 6 months, and in 43% (CI, 34%/50%) re-treated for at least 12 months. On the other hand, patients who relapsed after a 12-month course of interferon had only 4% rate (range, 0%-8%) of sustained response when re-treated. The best predictor of sustained response to re-treatment in patients who had relapsed was a negative serum HCV-RNA test by polymerase chain reaction at the end of the first course. These results, which have been confirmed in a recent prospective, randomized controlled trial, indicate that nonresponders to interferon should not be re-treated with interferon alone, whereas patients who relapse after a 6-month course of alpha interferon therapy have an indication to be re-treated for at least 12 months, especially if serum HCV RNA was negative at the end of the first course of treatment.
WOUND PENETRATING THE KNEE-JOINT: RECOVERY
Authors: S. Drew
Journal: BMJ (1855)

_ n for moth4, t akn would get nerly : but a nth' be sufficient for * rtbm of the roughnes Th powr of arnic over the se tion of the dermis W fully demonstrated in this and several other cases, in which I have tried the same experiment; but in no ca does it appear to have the power of preventing the ichthyotic formation from being again developed.These fcts are, however, interesting, as proving that arsenic does oxet a specific action on the dermis, which may in part acunt for its therapeutic efficacy in the squamous affections (To be continued.]
Pressure on hospital beds in Scotland is affecting patient care, warns royal college
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Care of patients is being compromised at hospitals across Scotland because of pressure on specialist beds and medical staffing, the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh warned on 12 June.

It is resulting in patients who need treatment on specialist wards being “boarded out” to other wards where less specialist care can be provided. This used to be a problem confined to the busier winter months but is now becoming the norm all year, said the college.

It conducted a survey among 1356 of its fellows in Scotland, mostly senior hospital consultants, to determine the extent of the problem. Of the 290 who replied (21%), just under three quarters (71%) said that …
Gynecologists endorse sale of birth control pills through drugstores
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Birth control pills should be sold without prescription, say doctors representing the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

In an opinion article for the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology they say that birth control pills are now so safe and important to women that they should be sold on drugstore shelves.1

One of the coauthors, Kavita Nanda, a scientist with the non-profit development …
Local Soft Tissue Toxicity Following Cisplatin Extravasation
Authors: SUZANNE FIELDS, JIM KOELLER, ROMY LEE TOPPER, GARY GURITZ, DANIEL VON HOFF
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Local Soft Tissue Toxicity Following Cisplatin Extravasation Get access SUZANNE FIELDS, SUZANNE FIELDS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JIM KOELLER, JIM KOELLER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROMY LEE TOPPER, ROMY LEE TOPPER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GARY GURITZ, GARY GURITZ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DANIEL VON HOFF DANIEL VON HOFF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 20, 17 October 1990, Pages 1649–1650, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.20.1649 Published: 17 October 1990
Dipyridamole-Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Alan Ranhosky
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report by Keltz et al<sup>1</sup>linking oral dipyridamole to myocardial ischemia deserves comment. In my opinion, the clinical information provided does not allow for the conclusion that dipyridamole was the cause of the ischemic episodes. The significance of the one reported case of myocardial infarction with a fatal outcome cannot be determined on the basis of the authors' small series of patients without comparison to a control group. To elucidate further the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary death resulting from dipyridamole administration, I examined adverseevent data from two large studies of patients treated with dipyridamole (Persantine). In an ongoing multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, dipyridamole was given at a dosage of 100 mg four times daily for two days preoperatively and continued thereafter. Myocardial infarction and/or coronary death occurred preoperatively in 0.4% (1/259) of the patients
Abstract 5392: Angiocidin induces differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells
Authors: George P. Tuszynski, Vicki Rothman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant proliferative disorder where blast stage cells fail to terminally differentiate and accumulate in the blood and bone marrow. AML represents a very significant health risk in the general population with rising incidence in aging adults. From 2004-2008 the median age at diagnosis was 67.8 years and it is estimated 12,950 adults will be diagnosed with 9,050 deaths from AML leukemia in 2011 (http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html, accessed November 2011). Standard AML therapy requires intensive combination chemotherapy with a low rate of durable remissions often requiring stem cell transplantation and associated with significant treatment-related toxicity, especially in elderly patients. Due to this toxicity, the majority of elderly patients are not eligible for therapy. Therefore, new therapeutic options for the treatment of AML are urgently needed. In this study, we present evidence that the human protein angiocidin, discovered in our laboratory, has the potential to be used as a novel, non-toxic therapy for AML. We found that angiocidin can induce both AML cell lines and primary patient cells to increase expression of surface markers characteristic of a more normal differentiated phenotype. We evaluated expression of CD14, a major receptor for the innate immune system in macrophages, CD54 or ICAM-1, the major adhesion receptor used by macrophages for endothelial transmigration, and CD15, a neutrophil phagocytosis receptor. Expression of these receptors was measured by flow cytometry after cells were cultured for 24 hours in media alone or media containing 10 μg/ml angiocidin. Angiocidin up-regulated these receptors by more than 10 fold in 50% of the AML cells tested. The AML cells included the cell line THP-1 and 11 primary AML patient cells. Angiocidin up-regulated CD14 and CD54 in THP-1 cells and in 3 out of 5 M5 phenotype AML patient cells tested and 1 M4 AML phenotype out of 6 M4 samples tested. Angiocidin also up-regulated CD15 in 1 M4 AML patient phenotype out of 6 M4 patient cells tested. These results suggest that angiocidin can differentiate AML cells and therefore has the potential to be developed as differentiation therapy for AML. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5392. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5392
Maintenance of Digitalis Effects After Rapid Parenteral Digitalization
Authors: Harold Rosenblum
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THERE IS A NEED in the management of some cardiac patients for a rapidly induced digitalis effect which then must be sustained to maintain the satisfactory response without losing or diminishing the benefits obtained due to subsequent insufficient dosage of the drug, or, on the other hand, without producing toxicity from overdosage. When the change is made from a rapidly acting injected glycoside to a slower acting glycoside administered orally for maintenance, the question is often raised whether complete redigitalization is necessary or whether usual daily maintenance dosages will sustain satisfactory digitalization. Although this common practical problem has been discussed for many years, it often is overlooked in textual discussions, possibly due in part to lack of definite information. The various digitalis products have similar qualitative effects upon the heart but differ in their time of onset and in the duration of their influences due to variations in chemical composition,
Recurrent acute respiratory tract infections in areas with high nitrate concentrations in drinking water.
Authors: S K Gupta, R C Gupta, A B Gupta, A K Seth, J K Bassin, A Gupta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

A review of the literature indicated an association among high nitrate ingestion, methemoglobinemia, and pathologic changes in bronchi and lung parenchyma. The present study examined a possible correlation among drinking water nitrate concentration, methemoglobin levels, cytochrome b(5) reductase activity, and acute respiratory tract infection with a history of recurrence (RRTI). Our study was conducted in five village units in the state of Rajasthan, India, with nitrate concentrations of 26, 45, 95, 222, and 459 mg NO(3) ion/L. We randomly selected 88 children. The children were up to 8 years of age, age matched, and represented 10% of the total population of these areas. We obtained detailed RRTI histories and conducted medical examinations. Methemoglobin levels and cytochrome b(5) reductase activity were estimated biochemically. The data collected were statistically analyzed using spreadsheet software on a personal computer. We observed strong interdependence between methemoglobin levels and RRTI in children up to 8 years of age. Methemoglobin levels alone explained 80% of the variation in the RRTI cases. This study indicates that methemoglobinemia, secondary to high nitrate ingestion in drinking water, causes RRTI. Increased production of methemoglobin and free radicals of nitric oxide and oxygen due to nitrate metabolism in the body lead to alveolar damage and mismatching of ventilation and perfusion, which may be the reason for high mortality in children due to RRTI.
Interaction of Clopidogrel and Omeprazole
Authors: Mary Ross Southworth, Robert Temple
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Interaction of Clopidogrel and OmeprazoleTo the Editor: The label for clopidogrel warns physicians to "avoid concomitant use of . . .strong or moderate CYP2C19 inhibitors."Such inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) decrease the formation of the active metabolite of clopidogrel, the source of its antiplatelet effects.The results of the Clopidogrel and the Optimization of Gastrointestinal Events Trial (COGENT; ClinicalTrials.govnumber, NCT00557921), described by Bhatt and colleagues 1 in this issue of the Journal, have been interpreted as showing that the clopidogrel-omeprazole interaction is unimportant.The study, however, does not support that conclusion.Clopidogrel therapy reduces the rate of major cardiovascular events in patients with an acute coronary syndrome by approximately 20%.Its effects on other cardiovascular events and in patients without an acute coronary syndrome are unknown.In COGENT, fewer than half the patients had an acute coronary syndrome at the time of enrollment, and the primary cardiovascular end point included not only major cardiovascular events but also coronary revascularization.Thus, the clinical setting and cardiovascular end point evaluated in COGENT are inconsistent with the clinical-trial environment that was the basis for the clopidogrel label.These dissimilarities are critical to the ability of COGENT to have revealed any difference between the omeprazole group and the placebo group and limit the interpretability of the findings.Even if these dissimilarities were not an issue, there were 43 major cardiovascular events in COGENT: 23 in the omeprazole group and 20 in the placebo group, for a relative risk of 1.15 favoring placebo -too few events to draw any conclusions but certainly not reassuring as to the absence of an effect of omeprazole.With respect to the relatively few cardiovascular-end-point events (109) that occurred, the authors' conclusion that "our results do not rule out a clinically meaningful difference in cardiovascular events due to use of a PPI [proton-pump inhibitor]" is entirely correct.We believe that the evidence indicates that, as stated in the clopidogrel label, concomitant use of clopidogrel and omeprazole should be avoided.
Allergy to mites: relation to lung function and airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: S. van der Heide, A. E. J. Dubois, H. F. Kauffman, J. G. R. de Monchy
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Exposure to house‐dust‐mite allergens is an important cause of allergic reactions in sensitized patients. In community‐based studies, sensitization to house‐dust mites, as ascertained by a positive skin test or by an increased allergen‐specific IgE level in serum, is associated with both diminished lung function and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness. Sensitization to house‐dust mites is an independent risk factor for the development of asthma, especially in areas which favor the growth of house‐dust mites. In studies with asthmatic patients, however, the relationship between sensitization to mites and lung function or airway hyperresponsiveness is less clear. The selection of asthmatic individuals (with sensitization to other inhalant allergens) and the use of medication such as inhaled steroids may interfere with the demonstration of a possible association between mite allergy and lung function or airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic patients.
254 DOWNREGULATION OF CYCLIN-CDK COMPLEX BY (SNAC) IN HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CANCER CELLS
Authors: J.T. Stefano, M. Bellodi-Privato, B. Cogliati, G.F. Souza, M.G. Oliveira, T.C. Silva, V.M. Lima, E.R. Oliveira, L.A. D'Albuquerque, F.J. Carrilho, C.P. Oliveira
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Abstract 1082: The amplification and overexpression of the calcium activated chloride channel TMEM16A (aka DOG1) has a prognostic role in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Christian Ruiz, Inti Zlobec, Florian Rudin, Sandra Schneider, Alex Rufle, Claude Fischer, Luigi Tornillo, Luigi M. Terracciano, Karl Kunzelmann, Lukas Bubendorf
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: The calcium activated chloride channel TMEM16A, which is also known as DOG1, is used as a sensitive marker for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors (GIST). Its expression has also been described in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and in esophageal SCC. Surprisingly, until recently (2008) its role as chloride channel was not known. The TMEM16A gene is localized very close to the Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1), which is a putative target gene of the 11q13 amplicon. Aim of this study was the analysis of the genomic and expression status of TMEM16A in HNSCC. Methods: We applied fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry to a tissue microarray (TMA) containing tissue specimens from 216 primary tumors from the oral cavity, 40 local recurrences and 76 neck dissections. We validated our results on a second cohort consisting of additional 158 HNSCCs. In order to analyze the prognostic role of TMEM16A, a subset of 365 primary tumors with complete follow-up data was selected. Results: We found genomic amplification of the TMEM16A gene in 13% of the primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and in 12% of the local recurrences. Although the prevalence of TMEM16A protein expression was lower (8%), a strong correlation between TMEM16A amplification and overexpression was found (p&amp;lt;0.0001). FISH analysis of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) revealed co-amplification of these two genes (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Interestingly, both, genomic amplification and expression of TMEM16A identified a subgroup of HNSCC patients with poor survival (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusions: TMEM16A positivity characterizes a small subgroup of HNSCC with poor survival. The strong correlation between genomic amplification and expression suggests that TMEM16A is one of the driving genes of the 11q13 amplicon in HNSCC. Additional studies may show how this chloride channel can be used as a therapeutic target in patients with TMEM16A positive tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1082. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1082
Indian scientists object to export of human biological material for research
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A British and German genetic study that analysed material from people in India's southern state of Kerala has renewed a debate on the need to regulate the flow of human biological material from India.

Indian scientists are accusing the foreign researchers of violating national guidelines. They say the case also highlights the government's inability to enforce the guidelines introduced in the late 1990s that permit export of biological material for research only with approval from the health ministry.

The study, by molecular biologists at the University of Cambridge and three German universities, had analysed …