tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Effects of Aminophylline in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: JOHN O. PARKER, PARSEGH B. ASHEKIAN, SALVATORE DI GIORGI, ROXROY O. WEST
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Ten patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease without complicating cor pulmonale were studied by right and left heart catheterization. Hemodynamic and respiratory observations were made during a control period and during the infusion of 1 g of aminophylline. Aminophylline produced a significant reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 19.7 mm Hg to 14.8 mm Hg, right ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 3.4 mm Hg to 1.4 mm Hg, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 6.5 mm Hg to 2.9 mm Hg, and the brachial artery mean pressure from 96.7 mm Hg to 86.2 mm Hg. The heart rate, oxygen consumption, and cardiac index increased. There was a significant fall in both peripheral and pulmonary vascular resistance. Evidence is presented to suggest that the decrease in pulmonary artery and systemic pressures was due to pulmonary and peripheral arteriolar dilatation.
Esophageal vascular ectasia
Authors: S. Khanna, A. Arora, M. Topazian
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 76-year-old man presented with symptomatic anemia and a hemoglobin of 6.5 g/dL. His medical history included aortic valve replacement requiring chronic anticoagulation, Barrett’s esophagus, and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) previously treated with argon plasma coagulation (APC). After transfusion and reversal of anticoagulation, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed, confirming the presence of Barrett’s esophagus. There was a broad area of friable vascular ectasia extending up the Barrett’s segment from the gastroesophageal junction, with an additional small ectasia at the squamocolumnar junction ([Fig. 1 a, b]). The broad tongue of ectasia within the Barrett’s segment was lifted with submucosal injection of dilute hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and the esophageal ectasia were treated with APC ([Fig. 1 c]). The patient returned for follow-up endoscopy 9 months later. There were several remaining esophageal vascular ectasia (EVE) ([Fig. 2]) and these were treated with cryotherapy.
Development of a Short Instrument for the Measurement of Self-Aggression
Authors: J. Passchier, M.B.M. van den Bree, M.L.A. Leijdekkers, F. Verhage
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

The development of a short, 15-item inventory for the measurement of self-aggression (SAL) is described. The reliability and validity of the SAL were evaluated in 31 female migraine patients and 31 matched control subjects. The findings indicate that the SAL is a promising instrument for future research into migraine patients, which might also be extended to other study groups.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Diagnosis, Management
Authors: Robert S. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Move over other books on rheumatoid arthritis; here comes<i>Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Diagnosis, Management</i>. This is a good reference text for rheumatologists. It has sections on pathogenesis, laboratory investigations, clinical features, disease management, and political and economic considerations. There are also interesting chapters on therapies of unproved benefit (levamisole, radioisotope treatment, sulfasalazine, total lymphoid irradiation, etc) and therapies of unlikely benefit (tetracycline, acupuncture, prayer, etc; however, the Talmud says that "even if a sharp sword rests upon a man's neck he should not desist from prayer"). Prominent authors have written each chapter. The references are ample and up-to-date. The clinical chapters do an excellent job and are worthwhile for the practitioner. The sections on basic science relating to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis are also well done. The chapters on pathogenesis point out that rheumatoid arthritis is a destructive polyarthritis in which inflammation and synovial cell hypertrophy result in significant
The History of Scurvy and Vitamin C
Authors: Robert B. McGandy
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Until only 40 or so years ago, the histories of medicine and nutrition were tightly interwoven. Modern biologic chemistry evolved from the discoveries that a number of major diseases of both humans and domestic animals were the result of deficiencies of substances in the diet and unrelated to infectious agents or to food-borne toxins. Understanding of the metabolic roles of these essential vitamins and minerals formed the foundation of contemporary biochemistry. Now, aside from the continuing mortality associated with protein-energy malnutrition and famine (the latter as much the result of politically determined distribution of foods as of local crop failure), only the retelling of history reminds us of the appalling toll from the classic nutrient deficiency diseases. In 1981, Professor Kenneth Carpenter published a splendid history of pellagra, the niacin-deficiency disease that plagued areas of the United States as recently as 60 years ago. He has now brought his scholarship
Fiber and Diabetes
Authors: Henry T. Ricketts
Journal: JAMA (1976)

For many years, D. P. Burkitt and his colleagues<sup>1</sup>have made war on the diet of North America, quite rightly, because it lacks the fiber and roughage that help to keep all manner of noninfective illnesses away. One of these diseases, old but now with a new quirk, has come on the scene. We have learned that diabetes is a "fiber deficiency disorder."<sup>2</sup>This unlikely news, however, may not be so odd as it seems. Douglass,<sup>3</sup>a Los Angeles physician, using a diet of half-and-half ordinary food and raw fruits, vegetables, and nuts, reduced a diabetic patient's insulin dose from 60 to 30 units daily during four years, resulting in a weight loss of 2.1 kg. Another patient was able to reduce his insulin dose from 70 units daily to zero during 15 months with a weight loss of 2.9 kg, although in the end he required
Lawyer Control of the Tobacco Industry's External Research Program
Authors: Lisa Bero
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the involvement of tobacco industry lawyers in the selection of tobacco industry scientific research projects and to examine how the research was used to influence public policy. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Documents from Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation, the British American Tobacco Company (BAT), and other tobacco interests provided by an anonymous source, obtained from Congress, and received from the private papers of a former BAT officer. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —All available materials, including confidential reports regarding research and internal memoranda exchanged between tobacco industry lawyers. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The involvement of tobacco industry lawyers in the selection of scientific projects to be funded is in sharp contrast to the industry's public statements about its review process for its external research program. Scientific merit played little role in the selection of external research projects. The results of the projects were used to generate good publicity for the industry, to deflect attention away from tobacco use as a health danger, and to attempt, sometimes surreptitiously, to influence policymakers. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:241-247)
THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF NASALLY INSTILLED IMMUNE SERUM AGAINST INFECTION WITH CERTAIN NEUROTROPIC VIRUSES BY WAY OF THE NOSE
Authors: Albert B. Sabin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. Immune serum instilled intranasally in guinea pigs has protected them from infection with lethal amounts of pseudorabies virus by the nasal route. The same effect was obtained in mice with immune serum against the virus of equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern strain). 2. The protective effect of the immune serum in the nose begins at the time of instillation, is still evident 5 hours later, and usually has disappeared by the end of 24 hours. 3. Attempts to prolong the local effectiveness of immune serum by means of several devices were unsuccessful. 4. The action of the immune serum appears to be a local one in the nose, in view of the fact that the administration of even larger amounts of it intramuscularly failed to protect guinea pigs against infection with pseudorabies by the nasal route.
Patients with two types of atrioventricular junctional (AV nodal) reentrant tachycardia. Evidence that a common pathway of nodal tissue is not present above the reentrant circuit.
Authors: M A McGuire, K C Lau, D C Johnson, D A Richards, J B Uther, D L Ross
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The site of the reentrant circuit in atrioventricular (AV) junctional reentrant tachycardia has not been defined; in particular, the existence of a common pathway of AV nodal tissue above the reentrant circuit is controversial.Two types of AV junctional reentrant tachycardia were induced in each of three patients at electrophysiological study. In one type of tachycardia (anterior), the onset of atrial activity occurred from 0 to 12 msec before the onset of ventricular activation, and earliest atrial activity was recorded near the His bundle. In the second type of tachycardia (posterior), the ventriculoatrial intervals were longer (76-168 msec), and earliest atrial activity was recorded near the mouth of the coronary sinus. In individual patients, the two types of tachycardia had different cycle lengths. Posterior AV junctional reentrant tachycardia was not a fast-slow form of AV junctional reentry in at least two of the three patients. Surgical cure was attempted in two patients. In one patient, anterior AV junctional reentrant tachycardia was abolished by dissection of the anterior perinodal atrium, but posterior AV junctional reentrant tachycardia could still be induced. At reoperation 4 months later, dissection of the posterior perinodal atrium abolished posterior AV junctional reentrant tachycardia while preserving AV conduction.Differences in ventriculoatrial intervals and cycle lengths and the results of selective surgery suggest that the two types of AV junctional reentrant tachycardia used different reentrant circuits. These observations imply that a common pathway of AV nodal tissue is not present above the reentrant circuit and suggest that perinodal atrium is part of these circuits.
ON THE COVER
Authors: Amir Zarrinpar
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ALTHOUGH PHYSICIANS COMPRISE FEWER THAN 2% OF MEMBERS OF CONgress, some of today's most controversial political issues affect physician education, training, and practice, in addition to the public health.These issues include tort reform, abortion, bioterrorism, therapeutic and reproductive cloning, global warming, Medicare/Medicaid reform, and universal health coverage.The obstacles preventing medical students from eventually pursuing a political career are numerous; virtually all physicians who currently serve elected or appointed federal positions have had to sacrifice their clinical practice.Nevertheless, the effect of the political process on medical students remains pervasive.In the medical school application process, candidates may be asked to express their opinions on various political issues. 1However, after matriculation, the demands of medical curriculum leave little time for political involvement.Political education, advocacy, and activism are often sidelined to extracurricular organizations.Recently, there has been a call for addition of classes on professionalism to the medical curriculum, and with it, inclusion of public health advocacy. 2his issue of MSJAMA explores how medical students can contribute to political discourse and are affected by the outcome of political legislation.Makeba Williams discusses how physicians and medical students in Massachusetts were able to influence legislative policy through the state ballot initiative.Alexander Tsai addresses pharmaceutical company gift giving practices and legislation aimed at curbing their influence on medical trainees.Finally, Angel Foster, Jane van Dis, and Jody Steinauer discuss legislation affecting medical trainees' access to abortion training.Physicians and medical students are in a unique position to contribute to informed debates on critical issues affecting the practice of medicine and ways of ensuring access to health care through economic reform.Because of our specialized knowledge of public health, we may even be obligated to do so.
Periodontal disease in children and adolescents of Latin America
Authors: Javier E. Botero, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing, Andres Duque, Adriana Jaramillo, Adolfo Contreras
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract Periodontal diseases are a group of infectious diseases that mainly include gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is the most prevalent form of periodontal disease in subjects of all ages, including children and adolescents. Less frequent types of periodontal disease include aggressive periodontitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and various diseases of herpesviral and fungal origin. This review aimed to retrieve relevant information from Latin America on the prevalence of periodontal diseases among children and adolescents of the region. Gingivitis was detected in 35% of young Latin American subjects and showed the highest frequencies in Colombia (77%) and Bolivia (73%) and the lowest frequency in Mexico (23%). The frequency of gingivitis in subjects from other Latin American countries was between 31% and 56%. Periodontitis may affect &lt;10% of the young population in Latin America, but the data are based on only a few studies. A more precise assessment of the distribution and severity of periodontal disease in children and adolescents of Latin America may help policy makers and dentists to institute more effective public health measures to prevent and treat the disease at an early age to avoid major damage to the permanent dentition.
Pathologic Features and Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 in Adrenocortical Neoplasms
Authors: Lori A Erickson, Long Jin, Thomas J Sebo, Christine Lohse, V Shane Pankratz, Michael L Kendrick, Jon A van Heerden, Geoffrey B Thompson, Clive S Grant, Ricardo V Lloyd
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2001)
Health secretary promises loans to hospitals in trouble
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The health secretary has undertaken to provide support to hospitals crippled by debt, providing they meet a set of conditions.

Denying this was a backroom deal, a bailout, or a “sticking plaster solution,” Andrew Lansley said that the problem had been ignored by Labour for a decade. Speaking at a conference organised by the right leaning think tank Reform on 26 October, he said: “We need to be honest about the problems—burdensome debts and onerous private finance initiative payments—and transparent about how we go about fixing them.” He promised one-off loans to help recapitalise hospital trusts “where they face difficulties through no fault of their own.”

To qualify for the loans, a hospital’s problem must be exceptional and long standing, and it must show there is a clear plan to manage resources in future. Services must be of high quality and …
Points: Outcome of pregnancies associated with raised serum and normal amniotic fluid -fetoprotein concentrations
Authors: W E Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<b>Objectives:</b> We examined differences in demographic characteristics, HIV related risk behaviour, prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI), and HIV and other health concerns among women with and without a history of sex work. <b>Methods:</b> A secondary analysis of a population based, cross sectional survey of young, low income women in northern California. <b>Results:</b> Of the 2543 women interviewed, 8.9% reported a history of sex work. These women reported more lifetime male sexual partners, were more likely to use drugs before sex, and were more likely to have a history of having sex with partners at high risk for HIV (that is, men who have sex with men, inject drugs, or were known to be HIV positive). They were significantly more likely to have positive serology for syphilis, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and hepatitis C regardless of their personal injecting drug use history; however, they were no more likely to have HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, hepatitis A or hepatitis B infection compared to women without a history of sex work. Women with a history of sex work were significantly more likely to have a history of sexual coercion and tobacco use. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data measure the population prevalence of sex work among low income women and associated STI. Women with a history of sex work have health concerns beyond STI and HIV treatment and prevention.
TCT-547 Long term outcomes of percutaneous lower- extremity arterial interventions with balloon angioplasty versus atherectomy- propensity score matched registry.
Authors: Adam Janas, Krzysztof P. Milewski, Piotr P. Buszman, Ksenia Kosteczko, Magda Konkolewska, Radoslaw Szymanski, Buszman E. Pawel, R. Stefan Kiesz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
P1-033: Genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes involved in detoxification of tobacco carcinogens and matrix metalloproteinase-1 in relation to lung cancer in Northern Thailand
Authors: Ratchada Cressey, Jaewwaew Klinchid, Somchareon Saeteng, Nirush Lertprasertsuke, Busyamas Chewaskulyoung
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Macroglobulinaemia of Waldenstrom
Authors: D. G. Ferriman, A. B. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1956)

In 1944 Waldenstrom described two cases of macro- globulinaemia.A similar case is here presented, with a brief review of the literature. Case ReportA man aged 60 was referred t6 one of us in November, 1954, by Dr. D. R. Daniel, with a history of deteriorating vision for the previous two years.Apart from this he had little in the way of symptoms, but occasional mild epistaxes followed admission.The only physical sign of note was a retinitis, but this presented striking and unusual features, the retinal veins Case of macroglobulinaemia: retinal drawing.
Proceedings: A double-blind comparative trial of cyclophosphamide and gold in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J M Gumpel, A Hall, B Ansell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

DR. E. GLICK (London) I think we have to be careful about interpretation.This was not a trial of bed rest, it was a trial of hospitalization, as the wording of the summary makes clear.All the outpatients had a minimum of 8 hrs bed rest, so you were comparing 8 and 13 hrs which are not very different.It is hospitalization and avoidance of a lot of the minor trauma that goes with looking after houses and so on, that you have been testing and not bed rest alone.DR. LEE Yes, it is hospital inpatient treatment versus outpatient treatment.I think hospital inpatient treatment involves more than bed rest because the patient is actually removed from the burden of domestic and business worries as well.
Effect of piboserod, a 5‐HT<sub>4</sub> serotonin receptor antagonist, on left ventricular function in patients with symptomatic heart failure
Authors: John K. Kjekshus, Christian Torp‐Pedersen, Lars Gullestad, Lars Køber, Thor Edvardsen, Inge C. Olsen, Ivar Sjaastad, Eirik Qvigstad, Tor Skomedal, Jan‐Bjørn Osnes, Finn Olav Levy
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Hyperproinsulinemia is associated with increased beta cell demand after hemipancreatectomy in humans.
Authors: E R Seaquist, S E Kahn, P M Clark, C N Hales, D Porte, R P Robertson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The cause of disproportionate hyperproinsulinemia in patients with type II diabetes is controversial. To examine whether increased beta cell demand might contribute, we measured proinsulin and insulin concentrations in clinically healthy humans who had undergone hemipancreatectomy for the purpose of organ donation, a procedure previously demonstrated to increase beta cell demand and diminish insulin secretory reserve capacity. Subjects were studied at least 1 yr after hemipancreatectomy. Seven donors were followed prospectively and serves as their own controls. Nine additional donors were matched with normal controls (cross-sectional group). Fasting serum concentrations of intact proinsulin and conversion intermediates (total) were measured by a two-step radioimmunoassay; independent determinations of intact proinsulin and 32,33 split proinsulin were performed using an immunoradiometric assay. Serum total proinsulin values were significantly greater in hemipancreatectomized groups than controls (prospective group: predonation = 6.24 +/- 1.14 pM, postdonation = 34.63 +/- 17.47 pM, P < 0.005; cross-sectional group: controls = 5.78 +/- 1.12 pM, donors = 15.22 +/- 5.20 pM, P < 0.025). The ratio of total proinsulin to immunoreactive insulin was directly correlated with fasting plasma glucose and showed a significant inverse relationship to secretory reserve capacity. Both absolute and relative hyperproinsulinemia is found in hemipancreatectomized donors. These data demonstrate that partial pancreatectomy with its associated increase in beta cell demand raises measures of proinsulin in humans.
Prognostic importance of myocardial ischemia detected by ambulatory monitoring in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Authors: M B Rocco, E G Nabel, S Campbell, L Goldman, J Barry, K Mead, A P Selwyn
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To assess the relations of electrocardiographic measures of ischemia with the development of adverse coronary events, 86 patients with stable coronary artery disease and positive exercise tests for myocardial ischemia underwent ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram. Monitoring was performed after withdrawal of antianginal medications, and prospective follow-up was obtained on routine medical care as prescribed by physicians who were unaware of monitor results. Forty-nine patients (57%) had a total of 426 episodes of ST segment depression; only 60 episodes (14%) were associated with symptoms of angina or an equivalent. During a mean follow-up of 12.5 +/- 7.5 months, there were two cardiac deaths, four myocardial infarctions, four hospitalizations for unstable angina, and 11 revascularization procedures required for new or worsening symptoms in 15 patients. All but one of these events (a hospitalization for unstable angina) occurred in the group of patients with ST segment depression on monitoring (p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis controlling for age, sex, and clinical descriptions of angina, the presence of ischemia on ambulatory monitoring was a significant predictor of outcome, while exercise test characteristics were not. Therefore, ischemia detected by ambulatory monitoring was common in patients with stable symptoms of coronary artery disease, and its presence identified a high-risk group for the development of subsequent unfavorable outcomes while on routine medical therapies.
Viral Studies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Banu Anlar, Ahmet Pinar, F. Yaşar Anlar, Doruk Engin, Şemsettin Ustaçelebi, Tanil Kocagöz, Dürdal Us, Deniz Akduman, Kalbiye Yalaz
Journal: Journal of Infection (2002)
Urinary Deposits; their Diagnosis, Pathology, and Therapeutical Indications
Authors: Golding Bird
Journal: BMJ (1851)

N"o subject in the range of medical science has made greater progress within the last few years than that relating to the chemistry and pathology of the urine; this is partly owing to the rapid advances which have of late been made in organic chemistry, through the labours of Liebig, Mulder, Lehmann, Simon, Robin, and many others; and partly to the vast importance of the subject in a pathological point of view.One consideration alone will serve to bring home to the mind the value of a correct knowledge of the composition of the urine in health and disease. 1853.]Dr. Golding Bird on TJrinary Deposits