tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
APPENDECTOMY FOR SWALLOWED CLINICAL THERMOMETER
Authors: George K. Nutting
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Large foreign bodies are rarely swallowed except by children and insane persons. Most of these foreign bodies pass through the gastro-intestinal tract and are expelled in the feces. Operation for their removal from the intestine is rarely necessary. The passage of foreign bodies through the intestinal canal is often surprising. Lediard<sup>1</sup>reports the passage of a 3¼ inch latchkey. I have observed two cases in which large open safety pins passed through without difficulty. Lodgment is an accident and will probably occur at the pylorus, at the ileocecal valve or at one of the flexures of the colon. A lodged foreign body may cause ulceration, perforation, abscess, peritonitis or intestinal obstruction. Operation is necessary in these cases. I report a case in which a swallowed clinical thermometer was removed from the colon by appendectomy. This is a rare surgical procedure for the removal of intestinal foreign bodies. Review of
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetes
Authors: Deborah J Cook, Michael R Achong, Julian Dobranowski
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Renal emphysema is rare condition that may affect diabetic patients. Radiographic demonstration of gas limited to the collecting system is often treated with antibiotics. However, intraparenchymal gas requires early nephrectomy because mortality rates are high without surgical intervention.
Sudden death from cardiovascular disease in young athletes: fact or fiction?
Authors: S Sharma, G Whyte, W J McKenna
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

cause of SCD may argue that left ventricular hypertrophy is common in athletes participating in regular endurance sport, and there is a possibility that postmortem demonstration of Box 1 SCD in athletes * SCD in athletes is uncommon.* 80% of non-traumatic sudden deaths are attributed to inherited or congenital cardiovascular disorders.* 40-50% of all deaths are from HCM.* The majority of deaths occur during or immediately after physical activity.* Prodromal symptoms of cardiovascular disease may be absent.Box 2 Symptoms of cardiovascular disease * Chest pain on exertion * Disproportionate breathlessness in rela- tion to the exercise being performed.* Dizziness on exertion.* Syncopal episodes during or after exer- tion.
The Anti-Trypanosome Drug Fexinidazole Shows Potential for Treating Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Susan Wyllie, Stephen Patterson, Laste Stojanovski, Frederick R. C. Simeons, Suzanne Norval, Robert Kime, Kevin D. Read, Alan H. Fairlamb
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Fexinidazole, a drug in clinical testing for African sleeping sickness, shows potential as an oral treatment for another neglected tropical disease.
Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction
Authors: Andrea Baccarelli, Patricia A. Cassano, Augusto Litonjua, Sung Kyun Park, Helen Suh, David Sparrow, Pantel Vokonas, Joel Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Particulate air pollution is associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. To help identify mechanisms of action and protective/susceptibility factors, we evaluated whether the effect of particulate matter <2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)) on heart rate variability was modified by dietary intakes of methyl nutrients (folate, vitamins B(6) and B(12), methionine) and related gene polymorphisms (C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] and C1420T cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase [cSHMT]).Heart rate variability and dietary data were obtained between 2000 and 2005 from 549 elderly men from the Normative Aging Study. In carriers of [CT/TT] MTHFR genotypes, the SD of normal-to-normal intervals was 17.1% (95% CI, 6.5 to 26.4; P=0.002) lower than in CC MTHFR subjects. In the same [CT/TT] MTHFR subjects, each 10-mug/m(3) increase in PM(2.5) in the 48 hours before the examination was associated with a further 8.8% (95% CI, 0.2 to 16.7; P=0.047) decrease in the SDNN. In [CC] cSHMT carriers, PM(2.5) was associated with an 11.8% (95% CI, 1.8 to 20.8; P=0.02) decrease in SDNN. No PM(2.5)-SSDN association was found in subjects with either [CC] MTHFR or [CT/TT] cSHMT genotypes. The negative effects of PM(2.5) were abrogated in subjects with higher intakes (above median levels) of B(6), B(12), or methionine. PM(2.5) was negatively associated with heart rate variability in subjects with lower intakes, but no PM(2.5) effect was found in the higher intake groups.Genetic and nutritional variations in the methionine cycle affect heart rate variability either independently or by modifying the effects of PM(2.5).
Society should accept that euthanasia is a "personal decision," report says
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

No argument against euthanasia can be convincingly sustained, says the author of a new report reviewing 25 years of experience of euthanasia in the Netherlands.

The strongest and most undeniable argument in favour is the principle of tolerance, according to the report in Legal Medicine (available on line 23 January 2003: www.elsevier.com)

The report, by Heleen Dupuis of the Department of Metamedica at Leiden University Medical School, cites research data showing that euthanasia accounted for 2.4% of 135 000 deaths in the Netherlands in 1995.

It says that …
Targeting Avian Influenza
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TMPRSS2 Fusions with Oncogenic ETS Factors in Prostate Cancer Involve Unbalanced Genomic Rearrangements and Are Associated with HDAC1 and Epigenetic Reprogramming
Authors: Kristiina Iljin, Maija Wolf, Henrik Edgren, Santosh Gupta, Sami Kilpinen, Rolf I. Skotheim, Mari Peltola, Frank Smit, Gerald Verhaegh, Jack Schalken, Matthias Nees, Olli Kallioniemi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Translocations fusing the strong androgen-responsive gene, TMPRSS2, with ERG or other oncogenic ETS factors may facilitate prostate cancer development. Here, we studied 18 advanced prostate cancers for ETS factor alterations, using reverse transcription-PCR and DNA and RNA array technologies, and identified putative ERG downstream gene targets from the microarray data of 410 prostate samples. Out of the 27 ETS factors, ERG was most frequently overexpressed. Seven cases showed TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions, whereas the TMPRSS2:ETV4 fusion was seen in one case. In five out of six tumors with high ERG expression, array-CGH analysis revealed interstitial 2.8 Mb deletions between the TMPRSS2 and ERG loci, or smaller, unbalanced rearrangements. In silico analysis of the ERG gene coexpression patterns revealed an association with high expression of the histone deacetylase 1 gene, and low expression of its target genes. Furthermore, we observed increased expression of WNT-associated pathways and down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor and cell death pathways. In summary, our data indicate that the TMPRSS2:ERG translocation is common in advanced prostate cancer and occurs by virtue of unbalanced genomic rearrangements. Activation of ERG by fusion with TMPRSS2 may lead to epigenetic reprogramming, WNT signaling, and down-regulation of cell death pathways, implicating ERG in several hallmarks of cancer with potential therapeutic importance. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10242-6)
Abstract 164: High throughput homogenous bioluminescent assays for monitoring the concentrations of AMP, ADP and ATP
Authors: Said A. Goueli, Kevin Hsiao, Hicham Zegzouti
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Adenine nucleotides are major determinants of the energy status of the cell and thus any modulation of their cellular concentration has significant consequences to cellular metabolism, cellular growth and cell death. ATP generating enzymes are usually involved in anabolic processes while ATP consuming enzymes are involved in catabolite processes. We have developed biochemical assays that monitor the concentrations of ATP, ADP and AMP in a biochemical reaction. For instance ATP depletion dependent assays and ADP generating assays monitor the activity of kinases and ATPases. These universal assays can measure the activity of various enzymes with no modification of the native substrate and the ability to use diverse substrates such as proteins, peptides, lipids, sugars, etc. The AMP generating reactions such as ubiquitin ligases, aa aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases, DNA ligases, cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterases, etc. can be also monitored with high sensitivity and reproducibility. We will show data using these various technologies in monitoring the various adenine nucleotide concentrations in biochemical reactions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 164. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-164
Intraoperative Coronary Collateral Function in Patients With Coronary Occlusive Disease
Authors: ROBERT E. GOLDSTEIN, EDWARD B. STINSON, JAMES L. SCHERER, RONALD P. SENINGEN, TODD M. GREHL, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

To elucidate the direct influence of nitroglycerin on coronary collateral function in patients and to clarify the relation between angiographic appearance and functional performance of coronary collaterals, we measured retrograde flow and peripheral coronary pressure (PCP) before and after nitroglycerin in patients undergoing saphenous vein bypass. Measurements were made via the distally (but not proximally) attached vein graft while the coronary artery receiving the graft was totally occluded proximal to the site of graft attachment. Nitroglycerin (100 to 150 mcg bolus and 100 mcg/min) was infused into the ascending aorta in 29 patients. Baseline measurements revealed: aortic pressure mean 79 mm Hg, PCP 30 mm Hg, retrograde flow 2.7 ml/min, and collateral resistance 28.5 mm Hg/ml/min. Following nitroglycerin, mean aortic pressure decreased 18% but retrograde flow was not consistently changed; thus collateral resistance fell significantly (average 28%, P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, collateral resistance fell (mean 50%) in eight individuals in whom aortic pressure changes were attenuated by altering systemic flow. If calculated as a fraction of aortic pressure, PCP increased 9.9% ( P &lt; 0.02), a finding consistent with enhanced collateral flow. Our results suggest that nitroglycerin can diminish resistance to collateral flow despite severe multivessel involvement. Comparison of baseline data with preoperative angiography revealed a correlation between the size and extent of coronary collaterals and physiologic evidence of collateral function. Thus, angiographic appearance of coronary collaterals accurately predicts collateral function during bypass surgery.
Codeine and Narcine.
Authors: Chas. Mann.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>Ed. The Journal:</h3> —I have read with much interest Dr. J. B. Mattison's paper on Codeine and Narcine vice Morphia. I write this note to indorse with emphasis every word Dr. Mattison says in favor of codeine over morphia. I have used codeine daily for more than fifteen years to the entire exclusion of morphia, and never had any one to form the codeine habit, and never increase the dose. I am sir, very truly,
Pulmonary gas exchange during dialysis.
Authors: S Freedman, D J Maberly
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The atd angle for the right hand is 102' and for the left hand 88', the sum of right and left being 190'.This value is very high, coming above the mean of 162' for Down's syndrome,7 yet not so high as the mean of 216' in Patau's syndrome.8Finger prints show an unusually complex pattern of six whorls, three ulnar loops, and one double loop (see Table ).
OBSTRUCTION TO THE LYMPH CHANNELS BY SCAR
Authors: LEO ELOESSER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Transplants of skin and the underlying soft parts, whether they are made as free grafts at one sitting, or as Italian plastic operations in several stages, are prone to be the seat of an annoying edema. Both the free graft and the Italian plastic transplant are islands of tissue completely surrounded by scar. In both of them edema is likely to persist for a long time, if not indefinitely; and also, when once it has disappeared, to recur. This edema is much less common in pedicled flaps, even in those in which only a very narrow pedicle is retained. In an attempt to inquire into the causes of this edema, I undertook some experiments with the help of Drs. Thompson, Eiskamp and Meherin. Once embarked on them, I have been led afield; questions have arisen that have a bearing on the causes of elephantiasic edema in general. Clinical observations made
Genome-wide Allelic State Analysis on Flow-Sorted Tumor Fractions Provides an Accurate Measure of Chromosomal Aberrations
Authors: Willem E. Corver, Anneke Middeldorp, Natalja T. ter Haar, Ekaterina S. Jordanova, Marjo van Puijenbroek, Ronald van Eijk, Cees J. Cornelisse, Gert Jan Fleuren, Hans Morreau, Jan Oosting, Tom van Wezel
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Chromosomal aberrations are a common characteristic of cancer and are associated with copy number abnormalities and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Tumor heterogeneity, low tumor cell percentage, and lack of knowledge of the DNA content impair the identification of these alterations especially in aneuploid tumors. To accurately detect allelic changes in carcinomas, we combined flow-sorting and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. Cells derived from archival cervical and colon cancers were flow-sorted based on differential vimentin and keratin expression and DNA content and analyzed on single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. A new algorithm, the lesser allele intensity ratio, was used to generate a molecular measure of chromosomal aberrations for each case. Flow-sorting significantly improved the detection of copy number abnormalities; 31.8% showed an increase in amplitude and 23.2% were missed in the unsorted fraction, whereas 15.9% were detected but interpreted differently. Integration of the DNA index in the analysis enabled the identification of the allelic state of chromosomal aberrations, such as LOH ([A]), copy-neutral LOH ([AA]), balanced amplifications ([AABB]), and allelic imbalances ([AAB] or [AAAB], etc.). Chromosomal segments were sharply defined. Fluorescence in situ hybridization copy numbers, as well as the high similarity between the DNA index and the allelic state index, which is the average of the allelic states across the genome, validated the method. This new approach provides an individual molecular measure of chromosomal aberrations and will likely have repercussions for preoperative molecular staging, classification, and prognostic profiling of tumors, particularly for heterogeneous aneuploid tumors, and allows the study of the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms and clonal evolution of tumor subpopulations.
Fish displaying and infants sucking: The operant side of the social behavior coin
Authors: Edmund Fantino, Stephanie Stolarz-Fantino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

We applaud Domjan et al. for providing an elegant account of Pavlovian feed-forward mechanisms in social behavior that eschews the pitfall of purposivism. However, they seem to imply that they have provided a complete account without provision for operant conditioning. We argue that operant conditioning plays a central role in social behavior, giving examples from fish and infant behavior.
T Cell Epitope Immunotherapy Induces a CD4+ T Cell Population with Regulatory Activity
Authors: Adrienne Verhoef, Clare Alexander, A. Barry Kay, Mark Larché
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Synthetic peptides, representing CD4(+) T cell epitopes, derived from the primary sequence of allergen molecules have been used to down-regulate allergic inflammation in sensitised individuals. Treatment of allergic diseases with peptides may offer substantial advantages over treatment with native allergen molecules because of the reduced potential for cross-linking IgE bound to the surface of mast cells and basophils.
SKIN DISEASES IN RELATION TO INDUSTRY
Authors: W. J. O'Donovan
Journal: BMJ (1932)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURM4LLthe 1925-28 series, who reported for examination two to five years from the date of the injury, the findings are somewhat similar.]ResultFractujres withouit Fractures with Displacement Displacemuenlt Excellent (includinig )erfect) ... ... 74Good-that is, able to do oliginal work, but somiie slight objective or sub- jective defect ...
A CASE OF FOREIGN-BODY CALCULUS
Authors: I. S. HIRSCH
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>History.—</h3> F. D., girl, aged 5 years, was brought to the children's clinic of the Beth Israel Hospital with the following history: Except for an attack of measles at the age of 2, she had been in good health until seven months ago, when she seemed to have lost control of the bladder function. The incontinence ws present both day and night. During the last two months the urination has been extremely painful, the pain being more severe toward the end of the act and being referred to the vulva. There had never been any pains in the loins, nor has there been hematuria. During the past six months the child has been examined in several dispensaries and has been treated for enuriesis, cystitis and vaginitis. <h3>Examination.—</h3> Generaal physical examination showea an apparently normal, though pale and under-sized chaild. Loacal
Detection of prostate cancer
Authors: F. H Schroder
Journal: BMJ (1995)

the cerebral perfusion pressure, if necessary by increasing the arterial pressure, seems a logical goal of treatment, though there is little direct evidence that such intervention improves the prognosis.Clinical features are helpful in predicting the outcome.Young age, low conscious level, abnormal oculocephalic responses, a high ratio of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid to that in serum, and laboratory evidence of infection of the central nervous system are pointers to a poor prognosis.''°The case fatality rate was 34% among 338 children under 3 years of age with acute encephalopathies enrolled in the national childhood encephalopathy study and was similar whether or not encephalitis was specifically diagnosed.At follow up 10 years later almost half the survivors had motor dysfunction and educational dysfunction; well over a third had neuro- logical dysfunction; and almost a fifth had behavioural, self care, and sensory dysfunction.Mortality and morbidity were even higher in children with multisystem disease (who hardly ever had pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid).'2In a study of 462 Finnish children under 17 years of age the mortality and serious morbidity of encephalitis were 2'8% and 6-7%, with a sevenfold and 12-fold increased risk of these outcomes after M pneumoniae encephalitis and herpes simplex virus ence- phalitis respectively.'0Acute childhood encephalopathies make a substantial contribution to chronic neurological handicap, and the impact on individual families (frequently exacerbated by diagnostic uncertainty) may be devastating.The recent launch of a patient support group (helpline telephone number 01751 432 369) for those affected by these illnesses is therefore welcome.
Ombudsman reports GP to the GMC for refusing to apologise to a patient
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The health service ombudsman has named a GP and reported him to the General Medical Council and his local primary care trust for refusing to apologise to a patient and pay her £500 (€590; $800) compensation for leading her to believe she had no choice but to leave the practice.

Trevor Hampson of Northway Medical Centre in Dudley, West Midlands, is the first GP to be “named and shamed” in a report by the ombudsman, Ann Abraham. Since taking over the post in 2002, she has issued such a report only once before, in a case involving a dentist.

The report sets out the findings of the ombudsman’s investigation into Mrs S’s complaint that Dr …
BMA says world is ill prepared for bioterrorism
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The world is still not well enough prepared to cope with a bioterrorist attack, despite the efforts of some nations to plan for such an event, according to the UK representatives at the World Medical Association's annual meeting in Washington, DC, last week.

David Carter, former chief medical officer for Scotland and one of the BMA's delegates to the assembly, warned that the world was ill prepared for a bioterrorist attack and that the public health capacity in all countries must be strengthened and fully maintained.

“It is clear that public health has a vital role to play in planning. We must ensure that every one of our countries has an effective and well resourced public health …
Serum osteocalcin in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides: relation between inflammatory activity and the effect of glucocorticoids and remission inducing drugs.
Authors: E A Ekenstam, S Ljunghall, R Hallgren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Osteocalcin, a vitamin K dependent protein synthesised by osteoblasts, was measured in serum by radioimmunoassay in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 36) and seronegative spondyloarthropathies (n = 23). The serum osteocalcin levels were decreased in both patient groups compared with the levels measured in age and sex matched healthy controls. We found no relation between serum osteocalcin and the disease duration or inflammatory activity of the patients who were without drug treatment at the first examination. After administration of glucocorticoids (20 mg prednisolone a day) circulating osteocalcin decreased significantly after one week of treatment. During gradual reduction of the steroid dosage osteocalcin returned to pretreatment values. Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) did not influence circulating osteocalcin. During treatment with chloroquine or penicillamine serum osteocalcin increased significantly, concomitant with a reduction of the acute phase reactants. Controversy persists about the abnormality of bone turnover in rheumatic diseases, but our data suggest that the overall bone turnover is decreased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides.
1221 TREATMENT OUTCOME AND RESISTANCE ANALYSIS IN HCV GENOTYPE 1 PATIENTS PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO TMC435 MONOTHERAPY AND RE-TREATED WITH TMC435 IN COMBINATION WITH PEGIFNα-2A/RIBAVIRIN
Authors: O. Lenz, J. de Bruijne, L. Vijgen, T. Verbinnen, C.J. Weegink, H. van Marck, I. Vandenbroucke, M. Peeters, G. de Smedt, K. Simmen, G. Fanning, G. Picchio, H.W. Reesink
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)