tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Defibrination or Primary Fibrinolysis?
Authors: RICHARD B. SOLOMON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 August 1972Defibrination or Primary Fibrinolysis?RICHARD B. SOLOMON, M.D.RICHARD B. SOLOMON, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-2-328_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper entitled "Defibrination in Acute Pancreatitis" (Ann Intern Med76:73-76, 1972) requires some comment. Although the data support the presence of a fibrinolytic state (proteolysis of casein, fibrinogen degradation products, diminished plasminogen level, shortened euglobulin lysis time, prolonged thrombin time), there is no definite evidence favoring associated defibrination. Normal levels of factors V and VIII, moderate depression of factors VII and IX, and the absence of schistocytes are not characteristic of defibrination. The reduced platelet count could be explained by the precedingL-asparaginase therapy. Tests for the presence of fibrin monomer (for example, protamine sulfate), thought... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Hematology Queens Hospital Center affiliated with the Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center Jamaica, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1972Volume 77, Issue 2Page: 328-328KeywordsAcute pancreatitisFibrinFibrinogenFibrinolysisPlateletsProtaminesProteolysisThrombin Issue Published: 1 August 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Statistical problems with study on milk intake and mortality and fractures
Authors: C. Labos, J. Brophy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Michaelsson and colleagues’ article attempted to link milk consumption with fracture risk and mortality, especially cardiovascular mortality.1 The authors correctly note that residual confounding may be at play here, especially because their multivariate model did not adjust for osteoporosis or bone mineral density.

Adjusting only for calcium and vitamin D supplementation probably …
Chronic fatigue report delayed as row breaks out over content
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The government's long awaited report on the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome could be in jeopardy after four key members resigned from the working group.

The move throws doubt on the validity of the report, which was due to be published in the first week of January. As the BMJ went to press, the chief medical officer, Liam Donaldson, had postponed its launch on 4 January 2002.

A total of 10 people from the original working group have resigned for various reasons since it was set up in 1998. The …
Hemophilia in the Child and Adult
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This monograph has been written by the who's who of hemophilia care in the United States. Curiously, the text assumes the diagnosis has been made and lacks historical background and discussion of clinical presentations. Thus, readers have no sense of what happens when therapy is not done correctly unless they know from their own experience. The text begins with an extensive review of treatment options and dosage recommendations for various types of bleeding and surgical prophylaxis. Three detailed tables make the recommendations user friendly, because authoritative options are quickly located. Then follow chapters with in-depth discussion of the muscloskeletal and neurological complications. The extraordinarily complex problem of pseudotumor management occupies a separate chapter. The physical therapy and rehabilitation chapter comes much later in the text, but should be read following the aforementioned chapters. The problem of chronic liver disease in hemophilics is well summarized, and, because the incubation period from
"SOCIALISTIC TENDENCIES IN MEDICINE"
Authors: James A. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, September 23, Dr. Haven Emerson, who during the spring of 1922 conducted a six weeks' survey of the Department of Hospitals and Dispensaries of Buffalo, takes up the cudgels in defense of that department and criticizes certain statements made by me in my chairman's address "Socialistic Tendencies in Medicine" (The Journal, August 12). I appreciate with Dr. Emerson all that is "unique" in the hospital and dispensary service of Buffalo but I cannot agree with him that the difficulties, inconsistencies or partial failures are minor in character and easy to remedy. That any hospital or dispensary can be conducted without some bad features and results would be asking the impossible, but the findings of the survey in question present conditions which while hoped for would seem incredibly "too good to be true." Dr. Emerson states that I put "up a straw man to knock
High security for mentally disordered people
Authors: D Chiswick
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Two years after the trenchant criticism of Ashworth Hospital by a committee of inquiry chaired by Sir Louis Blom-Cooper, QC,1,2 the Department of Health has published its review of high security and related psychiatric provision. Dr John Reed, senior principal medical officer, and his committee recommend sweeping changes in the way treatment under special security is provided for patients in England and Wales.3,4

High security provision is a new term which should encourage us to think of services rather than institutions. The report accepts that such provision will always have a place in the range of psychiatric services but that a service based on the three existing special hospitals (Ashworth in Merseyside, Broadmoor in Berkshire, and Rampton in Nottinghamshire) administered from a special health authority in London cannot continue. What is needed is something “generally more attuned to the wider delivery of mental health care on the eve of the twenty first century.”

At present there are about 1700 patients in the special hospitals, two thirds of whom are subject to the authority …
Using Genes to Define Motherhood — The California Solution
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Sometimes (although not often) new forms of medical technology raise unique legal and social-policy issues that require new laws. In vitro fertilization, followed by the transfer of the embryo to a woman who did not contribute the ovum, is such a technique, because when the child's gestational mother is not the child's genetic mother, society must decide which is the child's legal mother. A California Court of Appeal, the first appellate court anywhere in the world to rule on this issue, decided in late 1991 that genes determine motherhood.The Trial Court's OpinionCrispina Calvert was unable to bear a . . .
Atlas of Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Recent communications toThe Journalhave attested to the declining number of autopsies and, by the same token, to the decreasing opportunities to see and study gross pathology of the brain. McCormick and Schochet have put together a large number of photographs of brains, some angiograms, and a few photomicrographs for the benefit of pathologists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. An initial chapter refreshes the memory on gross vascular anatomy and some of the many anomalies of cerebral vessels. The vascular diseases covered include aneurysms, angiomas, occlusive disorders, hemorrhagic diseases, and mass lesions, and there is a short chapter on spinal cord infarction. Ample text permits clinicopathological correlations. Many illustrations are provided with immediately adjacent legends to aid the browser; others are on the right hand page, while the legends are indented in the text on the facing page. Most are self explanatory, but a few letters or arrows would have helped
Transient expression of IL-1β induces acute lung injury and chronic repair leading to pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Martin Kolb, Peter J. Margetts, Daniel C. Anthony, Fernando Pitossi, Jack Gauldie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

IL-1β is one of a family of proinflammatory cytokines thought to be involved in many acute and chronic diseases. Although it is considered to participate in wound repair, no major role has been attributed to IL-1β in tissue fibrosis. We used adenoviral gene transfer to transiently overexpress IL-1β in rat lungs after intratracheal administration. The high expression of IL-1β in the first week after injection was accompanied by local increase of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and a vigorous acute inflammatory tissue response with evidence of tissue injury. The profibrotic cytokines PDGF and TGF-β1 were increased in lung fluid samples 1 week after peak expression of IL-1β. Although PDGF returned to baseline in the third week, TGF-β1 showed increased concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for up to 60 days. This was associated with severe progressive tissue fibrosis in the lung, as shown by the presence of myofibroblasts, fibroblast foci, and significant extracellular accumulations of collagen and fibronectin. These data directly demonstrate how acute tissue injury in the lung, initiated by a highly proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, converts to progressive fibrotic changes. IL-1β should be considered a valid target for therapeutic intervention in diseases associated with fibrosis and tissue remodeling.
The orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner mediates male infertility induced by diethylstilbestrol in mice
Authors: David H. Volle, Mélanie Decourteix, Erwan Garo, Judy McNeilly, Patrick Fenichel, Johan Auwerx, Alan S. McNeilly, Kristina Schoonjans, Mohamed Benahmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Studies in rodents have shown that male sexual function can be disrupted by fetal or neonatal administration of compounds that alter endocrine homeostasis, such as the synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). Although the molecular basis for this effect remains unknown, estrogen receptors likely play a critical role in mediating DES-induced infertility. Recently, we showed that the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (Nr0b2), which is both a target gene and a transcriptional repressor of estrogen receptors, controls testicular function by regulating germ cell entry into meiosis and testosterone synthesis. We therefore hypothesized that some of the harmful effects of DES on testes could be mediated through Nr0b2. Here, we present data demonstrating that Nr0b2 deficiency protected mice against the negative effects of DES on testis development and function. During postnatal development, Nr0b2-null mice were resistant to DES-mediated inhibition of germ cell differentiation, which may be the result of interference by Nr0b2 with retinoid signals that control meiosis. Adult Nr0b2-null male mice were also protected against the effects of DES; however, we suggest that this phenomenon was due to the removal of the repressive effects of Nr0b2 on steroidogenesis. Together, these data demonstrate that Nr0b2 plays a critical role in the pathophysiological changes induced by DES in the mouse testis.
How much will Herceptin really cost?
Authors: Rubin Minhas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

How much will Herceptin really cost? Balancing local and national priorities is not newEditor-Herceptin for early stage breast cancer is a cost effective treatment, and it is right that the NHS should make it available.The challenge of funding new treatments and balancing local and national priorities is one the NHS has faced since its inception. 1 The process the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) follows for evaluating new medicines is the most rigorous anywhere in the world, and local NHS organisations can have confidence that implementing our recommendations is an effective use of their resources.NICE's independent advisory committees do not rubber stamp decisions.They make them based on an objective and impartial interpretation of the evidence.Those who suggest otherwise should come forward with their evidence for doing so.It is wrong to suggest that a single recommendation from NICE will necessarily cause other services to be reduced and that these decisions are made by clinicians only.Many demands are made on available funds in any hospital at any one time and it is the responsibility of local NHS management, working with their clinical teams, to make the best use of these resources.This difficult job is made easier by NICE guidance and the support tools we offer, such as our commissioning guides and our forthcoming advice on shifting spending from less to more effective treatments.
Emergency allowances in the community health services
Authors: M. Ewart
Journal: BMJ (1978)

discharged no matter how overcrowded the hospital might have been.(5) The complaint is primarily against the authority and not against the individual doctor.Of course the Select Committee said it would have been "appropriate" for the commissioner to have contacted the doctor and that the authority should have done so initially, and they "note" that the authority did not contact the doctor when the draft report was submitted for comment.But they confirmed the decision and they confirmed it without contacting the doctor themselves.Meanwhile, in America, the senior house officer comes off best.He now lives in a country where all men can defend themselves if complaints are made against them.But we don't.
Abstract 1993: Interaction between histone demethylase and deacetylase may mediate activity of HDAC inhibitors in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Yi Huang, Shauna N. Vasilatos, Lamia Boric, Patrick G. Shaw, Nancy E. Davidson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Histone acetylation and methylation are two important epigenetic entities that interact with each other in chromatin remodeling and gene transcription regulation. It has been shown that abnormal activities of histone lysine deacetylases (HDACs) and histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are associated with aberrant gene expression in cancer development. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between HDACs and KDMs are still elusive. In this study, we showed that exposure of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells to inhibitors against the zinc cofactor dependent class I or II HDACs, but not NAD+ dependent class III HDAC, led to significant increases of global di or mono-methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me2/me1) which are specific substrates of histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and key positive chromatin marks promoting transcriptional activation. HDAC inhibitors did not affect in vitro demethylation activity of recombinant LSD1 and did not alter the nuclear presence of the LSD-CoREST-HDAC1/2 complex, indicating the inhibition of LSD1 activity in breast cancer cells by specific HDAC inhibitors likely occurs through disrupting the functional interaction between LSD1 and HDACs rather than direct competition with enzymatic substrate at the active site of LSD1 or suppression of LSD1 protein levels. Inhibition of LSD1 activity by its inhibitor, pargyline, or RNAi in MDA-MB-231 cells caused an increase in acetylation of H3K9 (AcH3K9), suggesting that LSD1 is an important regulator of HDAC activity in breast cancer. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) demonstrated that LSD1/HDAC repressive complex is recruited to the promoter of one candidate target gene, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), in ER negative breast cancer cells and the reactivation of silenced ERα by HDAC inhibitor is associated with increased H3K4me2, acetylH3K9 and acetylH4K16 at ERα promoter. In addition, combined treatment with HDAC inhibitors and the LSD1 inhibitor, pargyline, resulted in enhanced levels of H3K4me2 and AcH3K9, and synergistic growth inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells. These data suggest a crosstalk between the histone demethylase, LSD1, and histone deacetylases as a novel regulatory mechanism in mediating activity of HDAC inhibitors and may help in designing combinations that could have significant clinical translation in breast cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1993. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1993
Esophageal Capsule Endoscopy versus Esophagogastroduodenoscopy for Evaluating Portal Hypertension: a Prospective Comparative Study of Performance and Tolerance
Authors: M.-G. Lapalus, J. Dumortier, F. Fumex, S. Roman, M. Lot, B. Prost, F. Mion, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is the most effective method for examining the upper gastrointestinal tract, and particularly for evaluating portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients, especially for screening purposes. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, accuracy, and tolerance of PillCam ESO capsule endoscopy for this indication. Patients and Methods: In this prospective study, unsedated EGD and capsule endoscopy examinations were conducted on the same day in cirrhotic patients at the time of diagnosis. The patients quantified the tolerability (relative to pain, nausea, choking sensations, etc.) of the two procedures using a 100-mm visual analogue scale. The time required for the recording and for diagnosis with the capsule examination were documented, as were the patients' preferences in comparison with EGD. Two independent endoscopists blinded to the EGD diagnoses assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the images obtained. Results: Twenty-one patients were included in the study (mean age 62, mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score 10.5, mean Child-Pugh score 7.3). The procedure was safe. One patient was unable to swallow the capsule. The mean recording time was 213 s (range 6 - 1200 s); the procedure accurately assessed the presence or absence of esophageal varices in 16 of 19 patients (84.2 %); and it correctly indicated a need for primary prophylaxis (esophageal varices of grade 2 or more and/or red signs) in 100 % of cases. The tolerability of the capsule endoscopy examination was significantly better, and all of the patients preferred capsule endoscopy to EGD (which was transnasal in 11 patients). Conclusions: Capsule endoscopy was feasible, safe, accurate, highly acceptable, and preferred by cirrhotic patients undergoing screening for portal hypertension. This new technique requires further and more extensive evaluation, as well as assessment of its cost-effectiveness.
Scar Reactivation in a Postpartum Woman
Authors: Jennifer J. Schoch, Jennifer J. Hartman, Christian L. Baum, Dawn Marie R. Davis
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

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Targeting notch pathway enhances rapamycin antitumor activity in pancreas cancers through PTEN phosphorylation
Authors: Kevin Vo, Barushi Amarasinghe, Kay Washington, Adriana Gonzalez, Jordan Berlin, Thao P Dang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Abstract Background Pancreas cancer is one of most aggressive human cancers with the survival rate for patients with metastatic pancreas cancer at 5-6 months. The poor survival demonstrates a clear need for better target identification, drug development and new therapeutic strategies. Recent discoveries have shown that the role for Notch pathway is important in both development and cancer. Its contribution to oncogenesis also involves crosstalks with other growth factor pathways, such as Akt and its modulator, PTEN. The mounting evidence supporting a role for Notch in cancer promotion and survival suggests that targeting this pathway alone or in combination with other therapeutics represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Results Using a pancreas cancer tissue microarray, we noted that Jagged1, Notch3 and Notch4 are overexpressed in pancreas tumors (26%, 84% and 31% respectively), whereas Notch1 is expressed in blood vessels. While there was no correlation between Notch receptor expression and survival, stage or tumor grade, Notch3 was associated with Jagged1 and EGFR expression, suggesting a unique relationship between Notch3 and Jagged1. Inhibition of the Notch pathway genetically and with gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) resulted in tumor suppression and enhanced cell death. The observed anti-tumor activity appeared to be through Akt and modulation of PTEN phosphorylation. We discovered that transcriptional regulation of RhoA by Notch is important for PTEN phosphorylation. Finally, the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin enhanced the effect of GSI on RhoA expression, resulting in down regulation of phospho-Akt and increased in vitro tumor cytotoxity. Conclusions Notch pathway plays an important role in maintaining pancreas tumor phenotype. Targeting this pathway represents a reasonable strategy for the treatment of pancreas cancers. Notch modulates the Akt pathway through regulation of PTEN phosphorylation, an observation that has not been made previously. Furthermore, we discovered that this regulation is dependent on RhoA/Rock1 activation. Enhanced phospho-Akt suppression when GSI is combined with rapamycin suggests that targeting both pathways will lead to a greater efficacy in the treatment of patients with pancreas cancer.