tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Approach to Hepatic Malignant Neoplasms
Authors: Manuel Viamonte
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE WORKUP of a patient with a possible hepatic malignant neoplasm may be generated by one or more of a variety of situations. In an asymptomatic patient, the liver disease may be detected by physical examination, from radiological studies, or from laboratory tests. More commonly, nonspecific symptoms or signs or both of malignant neoplasm or of liver disease are present. In the management of an established extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasm, evidence for metastatic disease must be sought. The following review suggests an orderly approach to establish whether or not the disease process is in the liver; whether it is neoplastic or not; and if so, whether it is benign or malignant. If it is malignant, one should ascertain whether it is primary or metastatic, characterize the extent of involvement in the liver (solitary, multiple, diffuse), and determine if it is resectable or nonresectable. If the patient has metastatic disease of
Reagin-mediated asthma in rhesus monkeys and relation to bronchial cell histamine release and airway reactivity to carbocholine.
Authors: R Patterson, K E Harris, I M Suszko, M Roberts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Rhesus monkeys with persistent immediate-type cutaneous and respiratory responses (RR) to ascaris antigen (AA) were compared with rhesus monkeys with skin reactivity and no respiratory responses, and animals with no skin reactivity and no respiratory responses to inhaled antigen (NR). The RR group could not be distinguished from the nonresponding (NR) group by the cutaneous skin test titers, serum, or respiratory secretion IgE concentration. Leukocyte histamine (H) release due to anti-IgE was similar with peripheral blood leukocytes and bronchial lumen mast cells (MC) from RR and NR animals. The RR group of animals could be distinguished from the NR group by their degree of sensitivity to inhaled carbocholine and H release from respiratory MC exposed to AA. The RR group demonstrates consistent, persistent respiratory responses suitable for immunologic, pharmacologic, and physiologic studies. Finally, it was found that the IgE concentration in respiratory secretions of rhesus monkeys was comparatively higher than in serum, evidence for IgE as a secretory Ig in the respiratory tract of this species.
World leaders pledge extra $3bn to combat malaria
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

World leaders and heads of organisations promised at a United Nations summit last week $3bn (£1.6bn; €2.1bn) in new funds to combat malaria and said that they would sustain the campaign until success was achieved.

They were speaking at the 2008 UN millennium development goals malaria summit on 25 September in New York.

Malaria affects 3.3 billion people in 109 countries and kills nearly one million people a year, the summit organisers said. The most severely affected are children aged under 5 years and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa.

Experts and heads of state said that malaria could be defeated—and they had a consensus plan and money to do it. Among them were the UN …
Points: Measles, mumps, and rubella
Authors: C. Claoue, K. Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The chance of a dialysis patient in France receiving a transplant in 1983 was 1:13, in Italy it was 1:29, while in the United Kingdom it was greater than 1:4.Surely the way to increase the number of patients being treated (Mrs Elizabeth Ward's leading article, 22-29 December, p 1712) is to inform our colleagues of the successful parts of our renal failure programme while working hard to improve those areas in which we are deficient.
Abstract C61: The role of prostanoid signaling in lung cancer
Authors: Pavan Kumar Pamarthi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Rationale: An increasingly large body of evidence indicates that PGE2 promotes tumor growth by stimulating EP4 receptor signalling with subsequent enhancement of cellular proliferation, metastasis and suppression of immune responses. However, the role of other EP receptors is not known. Objective: We hypothesized that prostanoid receptors other than the EP4 receptor are involved in progression of Lung cancer. Methods: We analyzed the expression profile of EP receptors in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and H1299 by using Real Time PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. All four EP receptors are getting expressed in both the cell lines. Both L-161982 (EP4 receptor specific antagonist) and SC-51322 (EP1 receptor specific antagonist) inhibited proliferation of both cell lines as assessed by thymidine incorporation assay. EP2 and EP3 receptors have not shown inhibitory affects in proliferation assays. SC-51322 has not decreased cAMP levels in A549 and decreased intracellular calcium levels. SC-51322 has inhibited pERK levels as shown in the western blots. In addition, SC-51322 inhibited migration of A549 cells in transwell migration assay. Conclusion: We conclude that EP1 receptor may play a role in lung cancer progression and metastasis. Finding out downstream molecules to EP1 receptor will give us a better understanding of this pathway in lung cancer and can provide therapeutic opportunities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr C61.
The Johns Hopkins Rechargeable Pacemaker
Authors: Jack W. Love, Kenneth B. Lewis, Robert E. Fischell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Several groups have attempted to develop a clinically usable rechargeable cardiac pacemaker. Because of the technical problems, of the 11 reported efforts, only one has met with success, the unit developed at the Johns Hopkins University. A brief review of rechargeable pacemakers is given, along with a discussion of technical problems that required solution before the rechargeable pacemaker could be used clinically. The rechargeable pacemaker, because of its size, should minimize patient problems of discomfort, cosmesis, and skin erosion. The anticipated life of the rechargeable power cell should eliminate the need for pulse generator replacement during the patients's lifetime.
Characterization of Aerosolized Fel d 1 in a Clinical Model During a One Hour Cat Allergen Challenge (CAC)
Authors: S MCCUE, L NIMRAJ, V WALSH, H NANDKESHORE, D BOTEZAYAS, M CHAPMAN, J CORREN, J FREIHAUT, P PATEL, A SALAPATEK
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
<i>Glutathione‐<scp>S</scp>‐<scp>t</scp>ransferase <scp>P</scp>1</i>, early exposure to mould in relation to respiratory and allergic health outcomes in children from six birth cohorts. A meta‐analysis
Authors: C. G. Tischer, A. Gref, M. Standl, M. Bauer, A. Bergström, M. Brauer, C. Carlsten, U. Gehring, R. Granell, J. Henderson, M. Kerkhof, M. MacNutt, E. Melén, M. Wickman, J. Heinrich
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background There are conflicting study results regarding the association of exposure to visible mould and fungal components in house dust with respiratory and allergic diseases in children. It has been suggested that functional polymorphisms of the GSTP1 gene may influence the risk for allergic disorders through an impaired defence against oxidant injury. Methods We examined in six birth cohorts of over 14 000 children whether the association between early exposure to reported mould at home in relation to respiratory and allergic diseases is modified by a single nucleotide polymorphism of the GSTP1 gene. Results We observed a positive association of mould exposure with nasal symptoms (2–10 year) aOR : 1.19 (1.02–11.38). Further, there was a borderline significant increased risk of rhinoconjunctivitis (6–8 year) in children homozygous for the minor allele Val/Val, aOR : 1.25 (0.98–1.60). In stratified analyses, subjects homozygous for the minor allele and exposed to mould at home were at increased risk for early wheezing aOR : 1.34 (1.03–1.75), whereas the major allele may confer susceptibility for later nasal outcomes, (6–8 year) aOR : 1.20 (1.00–1.45) and (2–10 year) aOR : 1.30 (1.04–1.61), respectively. For none of the health outcomes studied, we found gene by environment interactions. Conclusion A genetic influence of the GSTP1 gene cannot be ruled out, but the magnitude of the effect is a matter of further research. In conclusion, the interplay between gene and environments is complex and remains subject of further study.
Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Framework Analysis of Patient Narratives
Authors: John C. Pickup, Melissa Ford Holloway, Kritika Samsi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

This study analyzed narratives about experiences of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in people with type 1 diabetes.People with type 1 diabetes using CGM and caregivers completed an online survey. Questions included duration of CGM, frequency of sensor wear, funding, and a free narrative about experiences or views about CGM. We used qualitative framework analysis to analyze 100 responses; 50% of participants were aged ≥ 18 years.Most participants (87%) used CGM with insulin pump therapy, 71% used sensors ≥ 75% of the time, and 66% received funding for CGM from the National Health Service. Four themes were identified: 1) metabolic control, 2) living with CGM (work and school, sleep, exercise, nutrition, frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose [SMBG]), 3) psychological issues and patient/caregiver attitudes, and 4) barriers to CGM use (technical issues, financial issues, attitudes of healthcare professionals toward CGM). Despite some hassles, experiences were overwhelmingly positive, with improved glycemic control, diet and exercise management, quality of life, and physical and psychological well-being, as well as reduced frequency of SMBG. Technical problems included sensor inaccuracy and unreliability, and "alarm fatigue." The advantages of CGM used with an insulin pump with automatic suspension of insulin delivery during hypoglycemia were recorded by several participants, noting reduced hypoglycemia frequency and fear of nocturnal hypoglycemia.Patient and caregiver narratives indicate that CGM is a valuable addition to diabetes care for many with type 1 diabetes.
Lymphomatous Involvement of Epididymis
Authors: Varun Singh Dhull, Punit Sharma, Suhas Singla, Bangkim Chandra Khangembam, Chandrasekhar Bal, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Lymphomatous involvement of epididymis, primary or secondary to extensive extranodal disease, is a rare entity. We describe a case of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma where staging F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated unsuspected lymphomatous involvement of epididymis and restaging FDG PET/CT showed complete response after chemotherapy.
Incomplete Financial Disclosures in a Letter on Reducing Opioid Abuse and Diversion
Authors: P. G. Fine
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhalation Lipoid Pneumonia From Burning Fats
Authors: Derek Oldenburger
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A 24-year-old man suffered from a slight nonproductive cough, runny nose, and general malaise for one month and, in addition, progressive shortness of breath and inspiratory chest pain for two weeks. These symptoms and chest x-ray films were consistent with inhalation lipoid pneumonia, which was later confirmed by biopsy. However, the patient did not use oily nose drops or mineral oil but had been exposed to the occupational inhalation of burning fats.
Role of the prostaglandin receptor EP3 in regulating vasculogenic mimicry of inflammatory breast cancer.
Authors: FM Robertson, A Simeone, A Lucci, W Woodward, J Reuben, N Ueno, M Cristofanilli
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2127 Background: Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressively angiogenic, metastatic and lethal variant of breast cancer. One of the characteristics of aggressive tumors types such as IBC is the ability of tumor cells to undergo vasculogenic mimicry (VM), which is the formation of organized capillary like structures in vitro and in vivo much like endothelial cells, providing a conduit for oxygen and nutrients to reach hypoxic and nutrient deprived tumor cells that have outgrown their adjacent vascular supply. Using genomic and proteomic profiling as well as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, invasion assays using the modified Boyden chamber assay as well as digital imaging, we evaluated the signal transduction pathways involved in regulating proliferation, invasion, and VM by IBC tumor cells.&amp;#x2028; Results: We found that cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), which produces the bioactive lipid, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one gene that is highly expressed IBC tumor cell lines, SUM149 and SUM190. The biological activity of PGE2 occurs via binding of PGE2 to one of 4 members of a G protein coupled receptor family, designated as the EP receptors, EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4. Western blot analysis and immunochemistry revealed that EP3 receptor protein is produced at very high levels by both IBC tumor cell lines to a significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05) greater extent than either human MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 non-IBC breast tumor cells. Since EP3 is known to be an inhibitory prostanoid receptor, we evaluated the dose dependent effects of the EP3 agonist, sulprostone, on proliferation, invasion, and VM. Sulprostone [0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μm] inhibited proliferation of SUM149 and SUM190 IBC cells in a dose and time dependent manner to a significantly greater extent (p&amp;lt;0.01) than MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells. Sulprostone inhibited invasion of SUM149 IBC tumor cells, with no effect on invasion of a basement membrane by the MDA-MB-231 human non-IBC breast tumor cells. SUM149 IBC tumor cells undergo VM, which was completely inhibited by 10 μM sulprostone at 24 hrs, as visualized by Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and digital imaging. The ability of sulprostone to completely inhibit VM occurred in conjunction with inhibition of production of laminin 5-γ2 fragments and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity. Studies are currently underway to determine the in vivo effect of sulprostone on IBC tumor growth, VM, and metastasis of SUM149 IBC xenografts.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: These results suggest that targeting EP3 may provide a selective advantage for abrogating not only proliferation, and invasion but also vasculogenic mimicry that is a key component of the rapid angiogenic program observed in IBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2127.
Management in Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage:A Dutch National Inquiry
Authors: M. E. van Leerdam, , E. A. Rauws, , A. A. Geraedts, , G. N. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

There is no consensus as to what endoscopic hemostatic therapy and pharmacotherapy should be used in peptic ulcer hemorrhage (PUH). We conducted a mail survey to investigate current management of ulcer hemorrhage in the Netherlands.A questionnaire was sent to gastroenterologists or, if not present, to internists, performing endoscopies, in every hospital in the Netherlands (n = 123). Endoscopic hemostatic therapy, pharmacotherapy, endoscopic reintervention, and management of Helicobacter pylori were evaluated.90/123 (73%) questionnaires were returned. Endoscopic hemostatic therapy is given in ulcers classified as Forrest Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIc by, respectively, 89%, 93%, 83%, 47%, and 19% of respondents. Gastroenterologists perform endoscopic therapy more often in Forrest Ib (P=0.03), IIa (P=0.002), and IIb (P=0.001) ulcers when compared with internists. Endoscopic injection therapy is used by 93% of respondents as first modality. Epinephrine combined with polidocanol is most commonly used (60%). Pharmacotherapy is given by 97%. A total of 71% use proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and 26% use H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), both mainly initially given intravenously. In case of suspected rebleeding, endoscopic reintervention is performed by 76%, including a significantly greater percentage of gastroenterologists (89% of gastroenterologists vs. 60% of internists, P=0.005), whereas the others refer the patient directly for surgery. Almost all respondents investigate for H. pylori. Eradication is confirmed by only 64% (80% of gastroenterologists vs. 50% of internists, P=0.004).There are important differences in management of peptic ulcer hemorrhage between gastroenterologists and internists in the Netherlands. Management is only partly in accordance with evidence-based medicine.
An in vitro comparison of commonly used topical glucocorticoid preparations
Authors: Cristiana Stellato, Jun Atsuta, Carol A. Bickel, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

Background: Glucocorticoids (GC) are potent inhibitors of peripheral blood eosinophil, basophil, and airway epithelial cell function. Objectives: We compared in vitro the inhibitory activity of synthetic GC used for topical treatment in asthma and rhinitis on basophil histamine release (HR), eosinophil viability, and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Methods: Cells were treated for 24 hours with increasing concentrations (range 10–13 to 10–6 mol/L) of fluticasone propionate (FP), mometasone furoate (MF), budesonide (BUD), beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), triamcinolone acetonide (TAA), hydrocortisone (HC), or dimethyl sulfoxide diluent before challenge. HR was measured by a fluorometric assay, viability of purified eosinophils was assessed by erythrosin B dye exclusion, and expression of VCAM-1 was measured by flow cytometry. Results: GC induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of anti-IgE-induced HR. Maximum inhibition ranged from 59.7% to 81%, with a rank order of GC potency of FP > MF > BUD > BDP ≅ TAA >> HC. Three-day treatment of eosinophils with GC concentration-dependently inhibited IL-5–induced eosinophil viability, with a rank of potency almost identical to that observed with basophil HR. The rank order of potency of GC for inhibition of the expression of VCAM-1 in BEAS-2B cells was MF ≅ FP >> BUD > TAA > HC ≅ BDP. Inhibitory concentration of 50% values revealed that epithelial cells were the most sensitive and eosinophils were the least sensitive. Conclusions: These data, combined with information on pharmacodynamics of these drugs in vivo, may be useful in estimating GC local anti-inflammatory effects. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:623-9.)
Morbidity in Childhood — A Longitudinal View
Authors: B. Starfield, H. Katz, A. Gabriel, G. Livingston, P. Benson, J. Hankin, S. Horn, D. Steinwachs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We examined all the morbidity experienced in a six-year period by a total of 2591 children who were continuously enrolled in a prepaid medical plan. The children had received 19,291 diagnoses, each of which was assigned to one of 14 types of morbidity, and the frequency of each type was determined. Although the typical child had at least one problem in 5 of the 14 types of morbidity in the six-year period, over 20 per cent of children had at least 8 different types of problems during that time. Children with a greater variety of acute problems and more frequent acute problems were also more likely to have nonacute problems during the six-year period. Conversely, children with nonacute problems had more acute problems than other children. Our findings indicate that morbidity, like use of health services, occurred in clusters in this population of children. Therefore, an understanding of the cause and projected outcome of morbidity among children will be incomplete if the focus is only on specific diseases or specific types of illnesses.
Allergic to Autotaxin. A New Role for Lysophospholipase D and Lysophosphatidic Acid in Asthma?
Authors: Steve N. Georas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

In this issue of the Journal, Park and colleagues (pp. 928–940) make a convincing case that an enzyme known as autotaxin (ATX) is produced in the lung and plays an essential role in promoting allergic airway inflammation (1). What is an enzyme implicated in cancer growth and metastasis doing in the lung in asthma? To answer this question, a little background is in order. In 1992, Stracke and colleagues working at the National Cancer Institute identified a factor from the conditioned media of melanoma cells that potently induced autocrine cell motility and was unrelated to any known molecules at the time (2). The effects of this factor, which they termed ATX, could be inhibited by pretreating cells with pertussis toxin—which suggests that it acted through a G protein–coupled receptor. Cloning of the ATX complementary DNA revealed domains similar to the ectonucleotide phosphodiesterase and pyrophosphatase (ENPP) family, and ATX was designated ENPP2. However, an important breakthrough came from the discovery that the preferred substrate for ATX is not a nucleotide but actually a lipid moiety, namely lysophosphatidylcholine (3). ATX cleaves the choline group from lysophosphatidylcholine to generate the pluripotent extracellular mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA; see Figure 1), indicating that it was the sought-after extracellular lysophospholipase D. Subsequent research by several groups established a key role for ATX and LPA in promoting the growth and motility of different cancers (4). Twenty years after the original discovery of ATX, ATX antagonists are now under active development with the enormous potential to block tumor growth and metastasis.
What about mandated choice?
Authors: H. Wellesley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Neonatal infravesical obstruction in females is less common than in boys and rarely reported. In this article, we report on 3 cases of infravesical obstruction in female neonates with different etiologies. We also reviewed the literature on this topic. Including our cases, 17 cases of neonatal infravesical obstruction in girls have been reported. Neonatal infravesical obstruction in females has different underlying pathology compared to boys with congenital tumors being more common in girls. A high index of suspicion is essential for early recognition and management.
Importance of Intramammary Node Resection in Breast Cancer Staging
Authors: Maria Boronat de Ferrater, Sergi Vidal-Sicart, Gabriel Zanón, Sergio Martínez-Román, Alex Sanjuán, Pedro Luis Fernández, Martín Velasco, Francesca Pons
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Sentinel node procedure plays an essential role in the accurate staging of breast cancer patients. In our experience lymphatic imaging helps to distinguish between primary and secondary echelon nodes and, importantly, to identify lymphatic nodes in unpredictable locations. The authors present a clinical case where several sentinel nodes are visualized, and the importance of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is enhanced due to the existence of extra-axillary lymphatic drainage.