tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Repeatability of Quantitative FDG-PET/CT and Contrast-Enhanced CT in Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma: Test–Retest Measurements for Tumor FDG Uptake, Diameter, and Volume
Authors: Andrea G. Rockall, Norbert Avril, Raymond Lam, Robert Iannone, P. David Mozley, Christine Parkinson, Donald Bergstrom, Evis Sala, Shah-Jalal Sarker, Iain A. McNeish, James D. Brenton
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Repeatability of baseline FDG-PET/CT measurements has not been tested in ovarian cancer. This dual-center, prospective study assessed variation in tumor 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake, tumor diameter, and tumor volume from sequential FDG-PET/CT and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer.Patients underwent two pretreatment baseline FDG-PET/CT (n = 21) and CECT (n = 20) at two clinical sites with different PET/CT instruments. Patients were included if they had at least one target lesion in the abdomen with a standardized uptake value (SUV) maximum (SUVmax) of ≥ 2.5 and a long axis diameter of ≥ 15 mm. Two independent reading methods were used to evaluate repeatability of tumor diameter and SUV uptake: on site and at an imaging clinical research organization (CRO). Tumor volume reads were only performed by CRO. In each reading set, target lesions were independently measured on sequential imaging.Median time between FDG-PET/CT was two days (range 1-7). For site reads, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) for SUVmean, SUVmax, and tumor diameter were 0.95, 0.94, and 0.99, respectively. Repeatability coefficients were 16.3%, 17.3%, and 8.8% for SUVmean, SUVmax, and tumor diameter, respectively. Similar results were observed for CRO reads. Tumor volume CCC was 0.99 with a repeatability coefficient of 28.1%.There was excellent test-retest repeatability for FDG-PET/CT quantitative measurements across two sites and two independent reading methods. Cutoff values for determining change in SUVmean, SUVmax, and tumor volume establish limits to determine metabolic and/or volumetric response to treatment in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer.
SOME WELL-KNOWN SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE PURE FOOD AND DRUGS ACT.
Authors: LYMAN F. KEBLER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The word "synthetic," as used in the chemical world, means a combination of separate substances, elements or radicals, which result in the formation of definite chemicals. The manufacture of acetanilid from benzol, or antipyrin from anilin, affords good illustrations, inasmuch as in the manufacture of both several operations are necessary. The word "synthetic," however, has acquired an entirely different meaning, which has been used to a considerable extent in the past, usually in an honorable manner, but often for the purpose of deceiving not only the public, but physicians as well. This feature has been claiming recognition in no unmistakable terms during the past few months. It is held by some that the mixing together of the various cinchona alkaloidal salts, in proportion as found by analysis of the cinchona barks, the same dissolved in simple elixir and colored with caramel, is a "synthetic elixir of cinchona bark." Other illustrations
General-practitioner obstetrics: two styles of care.
Authors: M P Roseveare, M J Bull
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Two systems of general-practitioner obstetric care currently in use in England are compared. In one (Oxford) a large number of doctors, working with community midwives, have autonomous responsibility for the management of patients whose condition conforms with defined booking criteria. In the other (Dulwich) two practitioners, working with hospital midwives, operate a minimal selection policy, but all their patients are reviewed at 36 weeks9 gestation by a specialist obstetrician. Despite the differing selection policies which created incongruities in the groups in respect of age, social class, and birthweight distribution, the outcomes in terms of mode of delivery showed no significant differences. The perinatal mortality rates were also similar and appeared to be better than those achieved nationally.
A Hole in the Head: More Tales in the History of Neuroscience
Authors: Helen Bynum
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Legal loophole sees hundreds of Dutch cafes escape smoking ban
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The smoking ban in Dutch cafes and restaurants has been partially suspended after a second appeal court ruled that the law does not apply to small cafes that do not employ staff.

Consequently, the health minister Ab Klink has temporarily halted enforcement of the smoking ban on possibly thousands of these smaller cafes run by their owners alone. Checks and fines imposed by the Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority will cease until the law is changed, in what is seen as a public health “disaster.”

The law remains in force for larger cafes that employ staff.

Mr Klink plans to amend the …
Inhibition of Cortisol Production With Metyrapone Prevents Mental Stress-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Baroreflex Impairment
Authors: Andrew J.M. Broadley, Ania Korszun, Eltigani Abdelaal, Valentina Moskvina, Christopher J.H. Jones, Gerard B. Nash, Clare Ray, John Deanfield, Michael P. Frenneaux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Granulocyte Macrophage‐Colony Stimulating Factor receptor expression on human cardiomyocytes from end‐stage heart failure patients
Authors: Loredana Postiglione, Stefania Montagnani, Paolo Ladogana, Clotilde Castaldo, Gaetano Di Spigna, Eugenia Maria Bruno, Mimmo Turano, Luca De Santo, Giuseppe Cudemo, Sergio Cocozza, Oreste de Divitiis, Guido Rossi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Effects of serotonin on the internal anal sphincter: in vivo manometric study in rats.
Authors: M Goldberg, M Hanani, S Nissan
Journal: Gut (1986)

The effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on the internal anal sphincter were studied in anaesthesized rats. Serotonin induced a dose dependent relaxation of the internal anal sphincter. Methysergide blocked this relaxation, but did not affect the rectoanal reflex. Methysergide did not antagonise the actions of cholinergic and adrenergic agonists on the internal anal sphincter. Other 5-HT antagonists such as cyproheptadine, ketanserin, chlorpromazine, amitriptyline and ergotamine failed to reduce or block the internal anal sphincter relaxation due to 5-HT, nor did they alter the rectoanal reflex. Adrenergic and cholinergic antagonists had no effect on the 5-HT-induced relaxation of the internal anal sphincter, suggesting that 5-HT acts upon the internal anal sphincter via a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic mechanism. Tetrodotoxin reduced or blocked the relaxation of the internal anal sphincter produced by 5-HT, implying that 5-HT acts through neural pathways rather than directly on the muscle. It is concluded that although 5-HT relaxes the internal anal sphincter, it does not participate in the rectoanal reflex.
Reduced Frequency of Severe Hypoglycemia and Coma in Well-Controlled IDDM Patients Treated With Insulin Lispro
Authors: Frits Holleman, Henry Schmitt, Raoul Rottiers, Alan Rees, Sharon Symanowski, James H Anderson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Several studies have suggested that use of the short-acting insulin analog, insulin lispro, in multiple injection therapy may reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in comparison with regular insulin. This effect might be more pronounced in well-controlled patients, since intensive treatment of IDDM increases the rate of severe hypoglycemic events. This study evaluated the effects of insulin lispro on glycemic control and hypoglycemia rates in well-controlled IDDM patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was an open, randomized, 6-month crossover study of 199 IDDM patients. Glycemic control was evaluated by HbA1c, home blood glucose measurements, and rate and timing of hypoglycemic events. At the end of the study, patients completed an evaluation form regarding therapy-related quality of life. RESULTS HbA1c remained constant at ∼ 7.3% throughout the study. Meal-related glucose excursions were significantly lower with insulin lispro compared with regular insulin (mean −0.8 ± 1.7 vs. 1.1 ± 1.6 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.001), as was the within-day variability (M value 27.7 ± 19.7 vs. 30.2 ± 23.1, P = 0.007). The incidence of severe hypoglycemic events (58 vs. 36, P = 0.037) including coma (16 vs. 3, P = 0.004) was significantly lower with insulin lispro than with regular insulin. Patients felt that insulin lispro increased flexibility and freedom of lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS In well-controlled IDDM patients, insulin lispro is associated with a lower risk of severe hypoglycemia and coma.
Sexually transmitted infection control strategies should target "swingers"
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

“Swingers”—heterosexual couples who swap partners or have group sex—have high rates of recreational drug use and sexually transmitted infections, new research has shown.1

Dutch researchers wrote in the journal Sexually Transmitted Infections that swingers should be offered tailored interventions by sexual health services to encourage safer sexual practices and prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections.

The researchers contacted all …
Central Review of ER, PgR and HER2 in BIG 1-98 Evaluating Letrozole vs. Letrozole Followed by Tamoxifen vs. Tamoxifen Followed by Letrozole as Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Postmenopausal Women with Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.
Authors: G. Viale, M. Regan, P. Dell'Orto, M. Mastropasqua, B. Rasmussen, G. MacGrogan, S. Braye, Z. Orosz, A. Giobbie-Hurder, P. Neven, F. Knox, C. Oehlschlegel, B. Thuerlimann, A. Coates, A. Goldhirsch
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The BIG 1-98 trial, a large international Phase III study, evaluated letrozole (Let) for 5 years (n=1546) vs. Let for 2 years followed by tamoxifen (Tam) for 3 years (L→T; n=1540) and vs. Tam for 2 years followed by Let for 3 years (T→L; n=1548) as initial adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Patients with HER2-positive disease did not receive trastuzumab. Efficacy results were presented in SABCS 2008 and showed that neither of the sequential therapy arms significantly improved disease-free survival (DFS) compared with letrozole alone. Centrally-assessed ER, PgR and HER2 have now been evaluated as potential predictive factors for treatment selection.Methods: Tumor blocks for 3975 of the 4634 (86%) patients on these three treatment arms were centrally collected and assessed by the IBCSG Central Pathology Laboratory. The tumors were evaluated for ER and PgR content by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and for HER2 immunoreactivity by IHC and by FISH for IHC 1+ or 2+ tumors. DFS according to centrally-assessed ER, PgR and HER2 status was analyzed using multivariable Cox modeling. STEPP methodology was used to explore patterns of DFS differences according to quantitative values of receptor levels (% staining cells).Results: Upon central review, 3885 tumors were confirmed to express ER and are the focus of this analysis. PgR expression did not predict differential treatment effects among the 3 treatment arms. With only 240 (6.2%) HER2-positive tumors, there was a suggestion of differential treatment benefit relative to HER2 status, in particular of a benefit of Let for 5 yrs over Tam→Let in HER2-positive tumors.Discussion: Given the caveat of a low prevalence of HER2-positive tumors and absence of HER2-directed therapy in the BIG 1-98 trial population, there is a suggestion that Let for 5 years may be a better option than a sequence of Tam and Let among women with HER2-positive tumors. Thus it may be better to initiate and continue treatment of endocrine-responsive, HER2+ tumors with Let rather than a sequence of Tam and Let. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 76.
Trapped: Families and Schizophrenia
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To investigate the relationship between family life and schizophrenia Rogler and Hollingshead studied intensively 20 families in which husband, wife, or both had recently developed schizophrenia, and 20 control families. All subjects were of the lowest socioeconomic class, living in slums or housing projects in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Psychiatrists in private practice interviewed separately each husband and wife. Trained field workers repeatedly visited the families and their relatives and associates. By the end of the three-year research period the life history and present situation of each of the 80 subjects was well known to the investigators. After describing the research design and methods, the authors present and discuss their findings. They discovered that those individuals who developed schizophrenia had backgrounds and childhoods essentially indistinguishable from those people who did not become psychotic. It was in the year or so prior to the onset of the psychosis that the subjects
Home visiting by consultants
Authors: G. P Mulley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Aim: The number of very elderly patients with cancer is growing and requires particular attention. The role of organ-sparing irradiation in patients with bladder cancer aged ≥80 years was investigated. Patients and Methods: In 29 very elderly (≥80 years) patients irradiated for bladder cancer, 12 characteristics were analysed for survival: indication, gender, age, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), T-/N-category, tumour grade, pack years, smoking during irradiation, radiation dose, interruption of irradiation &gt;5 days and concurrent chemotherapy. Results: On univariate analysis, primary treatment (p=0.001), KPS &gt;70 (p=0.026) and not smoking during radiotherapy (p&lt;0.001) were associated with better survival. A strong trend for such association was observed for female gender (p=0.054), &lt;40 pack years (p=0.064) and concurrent chemotherapy (p=0.061), and a trend for no interruption of irradiation (p=0.09). On multivariate analysis, primary treatment (p=0.006) and not smoking during radiotherapy (p=0.038) maintained significance. Conclusion: Very elderly patients irradiated for bladder cancer may benefit from concurrent chemotherapy. Smoking during irradiation and interruptions of irradiation should be avoided.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 13-n-nonylprotoberberine derivatives as antitubercular agents
Authors: Yinghong Li, Yanxin Liu, Yanxiang Wang, Sheng Tang, Danqing Song
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

Tuberculosis is a serious threat to public health throughout the world. A series of new 13-n-nonylprotoberberine derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated for anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. Several compounds (2, 11a-c, 11g, 13d, 15c) exhibited excellent anti-tubercular activity with an MIC below 1.0μg/mL. Notably, compound 13d showed potential antibacterial effect against both drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis with MIC ranges of 0.0625–1.0 μg/mL. These results suggest a mode of action different from that of the current anti-mycobacterial drugs rifampicin and isoniazid. Hence, compound 13d is an attractive lead compound for the development of new antitubercular agents.
Defibrination Syndrome due to Scorpion Venom Poisoning
Authors: C. S. Devi, C. N. Reddy, S. L. Devi, Y. R. Subrahmanyam, H. V. Bhatt, G. Suvarnakumari, D. P. Murthy, C. R. R. M. Reddy
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation occurred in dogs given scorpion venom subcutaneously in doses of 3 mg./kg. body weight. Treatment with heparin reversed the coagulation abnormality of the syndrome and 10 out of 12 dogs survived. Necropsy findings in human patients stung by scorpions suggest that this syndrome also occurs in man.
Reactions of carbanions with triplet and singlet molecular oxygen.
Authors: V M Bierbaum, R J Schmitt, C H DePuy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The gas phase reactions of carbanions with molecular oxygen in both its ground state (X3 sigma g-) and first electronically excited state (a1 delta g) have been studied by the flowing afterglow technique. Reactions include cleavage processes, charge transfer, hydride transfer, formation of hydroxide ion and processes which involve secondary reactions within a long-lived complex. The mechanisms of the reactions are discussed. The usefulness of molecular oxygen as a reagent for the structural degradation and analysis of gas phase organic anions, including isomeric species, is described.
NICE says caesarean section is not available on demand unless clinically indicated
Authors: M. Scamell, A. Macfarlane, C. McCourt, J. Rayment, J. Sunderland, M. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We were alarmed by the letter from Mascarenhas and colleagues entitled, “NICE promises on infertility and caesarean section are unmet.”1 We agree with the authors that current underfunding in the NHS is having grave consequences on national maternal health service provision and deserves careful scrutiny and critical comment, …
PHENOMENON OF LOCAL SKIN REACTIVITY TO BACTERIAL FILTRATES IN ITS RELATION TO BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVENESS
Authors: Gregory Shwartzman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

The observations reported in this paper demonstrate that the intravascular interaction of bacterial and animal protein antigens with homologous antibodies at the site of a tissue made vulnerable by bacterial filtrates induces prompt severe hemorrhagic necrosis in this tissue. In the light of these observations there is offered an explanation of the mechanism underlying focal and skin bacterial hypersensitiveness.
Predictors of Heart Failure Among Women With Coronary Disease
Authors: Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Feng Lin, Eric Vittinghoff, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Stephen B. Hulley, Deborah Grady, Michael G. Shlipak
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Although heart failure is common among women with coronary disease, the risk factors for developing heart failure have not been well studied. We determined the risk factors for developing heart failure among postmenopausal women with established coronary disease.This is a prospective cohort study using data from the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS), a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 4.1 years' duration, and subsequent open-label observational follow-up for 2.7 years (HERS II), performed at 20 US clinical centers between 1993 and 2000. Of the 2763 postmenopausal women with established coronary disease in the HERS trial, we studied the 2391 women with no heart failure at baseline by self-report and physical examination. The primary outcome of this analysis was incident heart failure defined by hospital admission or death from heart failure. During the 6.3+/-1.4-year follow-up, 237 women (10%) developed heart failure. Nine predictors were identified: diabetes (defined as a self-reported history of diabetes on treatment), atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, creatinine clearance <40 mL/min, systolic blood pressure >120 mm Hg, current smoking, body mass index >35 kg/m2, left bundle-branch block, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Randomization to estrogen/progestin was not associated with heart failure (hazard ratio=1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.3). Diabetes was the strongest risk factor (adjusted hazard ratio=3.1; 95% CI, 2.3 to 4.2). Diabetic women with elevated body mass index or depressed creatinine clearance were at highest risk, with annual incidence rates of 7% and 13%, respectively. Among diabetic women, hyperglycemia was associated with heart failure risk (adjusted hazard ratio=3.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.5 for fasting glucose >300 mg/dL compared with fasting glucose 80 to 150 mg/dL).We identified 9 predictors of heart failure in postmenopausal women with coronary disease. Diabetes was the strongest risk factor, particularly when poorly controlled or with concomitant renal insufficiency or obesity.
1155-78 Implications and prevention of large periprocedural myocardial infarction after percutaneous intervention of diseased saphenous vein grafts and thrombotic native coronary lesions
Authors: Zoran Lasic, Roxana Mehran, Eugenia Nikolsky, Manuela Negoita, Ricardo Costa, David A Cox, Joseph Babb, Dean Nukta, Luc Bilodeau, Louis Cannon, Thomas D Stuckey, James Hermiller, Alexandra Lansky, Martin B Leon, Gregg W Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Effects and outcome of a policy of intermittent imatinib treatment in elderly patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Domenico Russo, Giovanni Martinelli, Michele Malagola, Cristina Skert, Simona Soverini, Ilaria Iacobucci, Antonio De Vivo, Nicoletta Testoni, Fausto Castagnetti, Gabriele Gugliotta, Diamante Turri, Michela Bergamaschi, Patrizia Pregno, Ester Pungolino, Fabio Stagno, Massimo Breccia, Bruno Martino, Tamara Intermesoli, Carmen Fava, Elisabetta Abruzzese, Mario Tiribelli, Catia Bigazzi, Bruno Mario Cesana, Gianantonio Rosti, Michele Baccarani
Journal: Blood (2013)
A Population-based Study of Diabetic Retinopathy in Insulin-using Patients Diagnosed Before 30 Years of Age
Authors: Ronald Klein, Barbara E K Klein, Scot E Moss
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

In a population-based study of the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in southern Wisconsin, 1210 insulin-taking persons who were diagnosed to have diabetes before 30 yr of age and who were receiving primary medical care in the area were identified in 1979–80. From 1980 to 1982, 996 patients were examined. Fundus photographs revealed that 72% of diabetic women and 69% of diabetic men had retinopathy. More men (12%) than women (7%) had severe proliferative retinopathy. Longer duration of diabetes, higher glycosylated hemoglobin, older age at examination, higher diastolic blood pressure, male gender, and presence of proteinuria all contributed significantly to describing increasing severity of retinopathy.
A Treatment of Temulentia.
Authors: C. M. Fenn
Journal: JAMA (1893)

"<i>Dum loqimur tempus fugit</i>," may be somewhat freely translated,—while we are discussing their methods the empirics (quacks?) are quietly raking in the ducats. The fees exacted by the different cures range from $105 up. Any regular physician desirous of learning the writer's method for successfully combating alcohol addiction may address, (stamp enclosed.)
Mutant p53 in Cancer: New Functions and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Patricia A.J. Muller, Karen H. Vousden
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)

Many different types of cancer show a high incidence of TP53 mutations, leading to the expression of mutant p53 proteins. There is growing evidence that these mutant p53s have both lost wild-type p53 tumor suppressor activity and gained functions that help to contribute to malignant progression. Understanding the functions of mutant p53 will help in the development of new therapeutic approaches that may be useful in a broad range of cancer types.