tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A cross sectional study of 100 athletes with jumper's knee managed conservatively and surgically. The Victorian Institute of Sport Tendon Study Group.
Authors: J L Cook, K M Khan, P R Harcourt, M Grant, D A Young, S F Bonar
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

OBJECTIVES: Jumper's knee causes significant morbidity in athletes of all standards. However, there are few reference data on the clinical course of this condition in a large number of patients, and the aim of this study was to rectify this. METHODS: A retrospective study of the course of jumper's knee in 100 athletes who presented to a sports medicine clinic over a nine year period was carried out. Subjects completed a questionnaire designed to collect details of sport participation, symptoms, and time out of sport. Ultrasonographic results were recorded from the radiologists' reports. Histopathological results were obtained for patients who had surgery. RESULTS: Forty eight subjects recalled that symptoms of jumper's knee began before the age of 20 years. Symptoms prevented 33 from participating in sport for more than six months, and 18 of these were sidelined for more than 12 months. Forty nine of the subjects had two or more separate episodes of symptoms. Ultrasonography showed a characteristics hypoechoic region at the junction of the inferior pole of the patella and the deep surface of the patellar tendon. Histopathological examination showed separation and disruption of collagen fibres on polarisation light microscopy and an increase in mucoid ground substance consistent with damage of tendon collagen without inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Jumper's knee has the potential to be a debilitating condition for a sports person. About 33% of athletes presenting to a sports medicine clinic with jumper's knee were unable to return to sport for more than six months.
Evidence of transmission of tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting.
Authors: P. Godfrey-Faussett, P. R. Mortimer, P. A. Jenkins, N. G. Stoker
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To determine whether a subject who had died of tuberculous meningitis had been infected by a neighbour.Retrospective comparison of isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the two cases and from 10 controls by DNA fingerprinting.Public Health Service Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria and bacterial molecular genetics unit of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.Deceased and neighbour; 10 controls from the same city, from whom isolates had been collected over three months before the subject's death.Identity and similarity values (SAB) between fingerprint patterns from different isolates obtained by hybridisation of restriction fragments produced by PvuII with a probe from the insertion element IS6110/986, present in multiple copies throughout the genome of M tuberculosis.Isolates from the two cases under investigation had identical fingerprints whereas those from the controls were all distinct. Two clusters of isolates with a similarity coefficient > 0.25 were identified: in one, four out of five patients were born in the midlands (the birth place of the fifth was not known) and in the other all three patients were born in the Indian subcontinent.The data are consistent with, but do not prove, transmission of tuberculosis from the neighbour to the deceased. Geographical separation of the pools of infection may have led to the evolution of distinct clusters of fingerprint patterns. DNA fingerprinting of M tuberculosis is a powerful new tool for study of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
MSSA: a back door entry into medicine?
Authors: O. R Dearlove
Journal: BMJ (1987)

profession through the university examination.Furthermore, why should he want to exclude them when the GMC is happy to include them?Does he think that the GMC is an inadequate guardian of standards?As we already have the non-university examniing bodies why should one or more British medical schools be persuaded to enter the occasional refugee for their examinations, an unlikely hope if the present schismbetweenCambridgeUniversityandLondon University is anything to go by.
Inhibition of the Met Receptor in Mesothelioma
Authors: Toru Mukohara, Gabriel Civiello, Ian J. Davis, Michele L. Taffaro, James Christensen, David E. Fisher, Bruce E. Johnson, Pasi A. Jänne
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Background: Expression of the Met receptor and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been observed in 74% to 100% and 40% to 85% of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) specimens, respectively. HGF stimulation has been shown to enhance MPM cell proliferation, migration, cell scattering, and invasiveness. Experimental Design: To investigate a potential therapeutic role for the Met receptor in MPM, we examined the effects of PHA-665752, a specific small-molecule inhibitor of the Met receptor tyrosine kinase, in a panel of 10 MPM cell lines. Results: Two of the cell lines, H2461 and JMN-1B, exhibited autocrine HGF production as measured by ELISA (3.9 and 10.5 ng/mL, respectively, versus &amp;lt;0.05 ng/mL in other cell lines). Evaluation of PHA-665752 across the 10 MPM cell lines indicated that despite Met expression in all cell lines, only in cell lines that exhibited a Met/HGF autocrine loop, H2461 and JMN-1B, did PHA-665752 inhibit growth with an IC50 of 1 and 2 μmol/L, respectively. No activating mutations in Met were detected in any of the cell lines. Consistent with observed growth inhibition, PHA-665752 caused cell cycle arrest at G1-S boundary accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in phosphorylation of Met, p70S6K, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Growth of H2461 cells was also inhibited by neutralizing antibodies to HGF and by RNA interference knockdown of the Met receptor, confirming that growth inhibition observed was through a Met-dependent mechanism. PHA-665752 also reduced MPM in vitro cell migration and invasion. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that inhibition of the Met receptor may be an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with MPM and provides a mechanism, the presence of a HGF/Met autocrine loop, by which to select patients for PHA-665752 treatment.
Ineffectiveness of Quinidine in Preventing Atrial Fibrillation Following Mitral Valvotomy
Authors: RICHARD J. MCCARTY, EDWARD J. JAHNKE, WELDON J. WALKER
Journal: Circulation (1966)

One hundred patients in sinus rhythm who underwent closed mitral commissurotomy were divided alternately into two comparable groups. One group received prophylactic treatment with quinidine immediately after operation for a period of 10 days. The incidence of atrial fibrillation was 16% in both the treated and the untreated groups. In patients more than 40 years of age, the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was much higher (48%). However, in these older, more vulnerable patients quinidine prophylaxis was no more effective than it was in the younger age groups. The only operative death in the entire series occurred in the treated group and could have been due to quinidine. In this controlled, prospective study the use of quinidine in moderate dosage was ineffective in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation following mitral commissurotomy. Its routine use is not recommended.
THE USE OF SULFAGUANIDINE IN THE TREATMENT OF DYSENTERY CARRIERS
Authors: LOWELL A. RANTZ
Journal: JAMA (1942)

A chemical for the treatment of infections, such as bacilliary dysentery, which are limited to the gastrointestinal tract should have certain properties. It must dissolve in the bowel content in a concentration adequate to inhibit the multiplication of, or to kill, pathogenic organisms and must be harmless to the human or animal host. No intestinal antiseptic has, in the past, fulfilled these requirements. The use of the sulfonamide drugs has become firmly established in the treatment of various infections, but the rapid and complete absorption of these chemicals from the gastrointestinal tract has made them valueless in the therapy of local enteric infections. The report by Marshall, Bratton, White and Litchfield,<sup>1</sup>describing the properties of sulfaguanidine, the analogue of sulfathiazole and sulfapyridine, was received, therefore, with great interest. This drug was found to be soluble in water in amounts sufficient to cause adequate bacteriostasis of intestinal pathogens but was
Anthony John Membrey
Authors: Helen Membrey
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Tony was born in 1932 just outside Johannesburg in South Africa. After his father's untimely death in 1944 he travelled back to England, and during the voyage peace was announced.

Tony went to Westminster School in 1945, where he excelled, gaining a junior science scholarship to study medicine at Guy's Hospital Medical School in 1950, qualifying in 1955. Between 1956 and 1958, Tony did his national service in the Royal Army Medical Corps as a medical officer to the First Malta Artillery Regiment.

In 1959 Tony moved to Tunbridge Wells with his new wife, Priscilla Atkinson. He took up general practice with enthusiasm and joined a local general practitioner working out of his two front rooms at Kingswood Birches. In the 1960s, long before it became an accepted idea, he designed and had constructed with his partners the first purpose built general practice premises in Tunbridge Wells. This provided accommodation not only for doctors but for nurses, health visitors, and midwives too. This …
WHISPERED BRONCHOPHONY IN EARLY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: H. C. Tooker
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —During the past year I have been greatly interested in the several articles that have appeared inThe Journalconcerning the diagnosis of early tuberculosis of the lungs. Not a few of these articles have dealt with the subject by laying special emphasis on the physical signs exhibited by the patient at examination—and rightly so. It has surprised me, however, to observe that in several instances no mention has been made of the transmission of the whispered voice sound over the infected area. Inspection of the chest during respiration, tactile fremitus, supraclavicular depressions, percussion, and auscultation from the point of view of rales have been adequately discussed. Whispered bronchophony or a high pitched whispered voice sound is of value in diagnosing both types of early tuberculosis in the chest (i. e., the adult type of apical lesion, and the glandular infections of the young).  As a rule,
Hugh of Lucca and the Literary Virus
Authors: Leonard D. Rosenman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

"What is idle babbling like to produce, since the faltering and liberty of the tongue hath stuft the world with so horrible a multitude of volumes. . . . So many words only for words. Oh, Pythagoras, why dids't thou conjure this tempest?"Montaigne, On Vanity THE world of medical literature is crowding even more rapidly than the world of people. There seems to be so much that has to be written and published that new journals must be created and older journals must grow thicker. And, to find his way to what he needs in the thicket of pages, . . .
LEFT RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE PARALYSIS IN ARTERIOSCLEROTIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Samuel Zelman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Hoarseness due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis is a rare occurrence in patients with congestive heart failure of any cause but is most commonly seen with severe mitral stenosis, and less commonly with congenital heart disease,<sup>1</sup>when marked dynamic dilatation of the left pulmonary artery compresses the nerve against the aortic arch, its adjacent lymph nodes, and the ligamentum arteriosum.<sup>2</sup>It is extremely uncommon in patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease, having been reported previously only by King, Hitzig, and Fishberg.<sup>3</sup> <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> A 55-year-old white male married engineer was first admitted to Winter Veterans Administration Hospital Aug. 12, 1948, complaining of short attacks of substernal pressure-like pain, occasionally radiating down both arms, during the previous two winters. He had also noticed easy fatigability and shortness of breath on exertion since February, 1948. This became severe and accompanied by nocturnal dyspnea in June, 1948. Since
Variations in serum sphingolipid levels associate with liver fibrosis progression and poor treatment outcome in hepatitis C virus but not hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Georgios Grammatikos, Nerea Ferreiros, Dimitra Bon, Stephanie Schwalm, Julia Dietz, Caterina Berkowski, Daniel Fitting, Eva Herrmann, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Sarrazin, Josef Pfeilschifter
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Ablation of very‐long‐chain ceramides (Cers) with consecutive elevations in sphinganine levels has been shown to cause a severe hepatopathy in a knockout mouse model. We have recently shown that serum sphingolipids (SLs) are deregulated in patients with chronic liver disease. However, their role as possible biomarkers in liver fibrosis remains to date unexplored. We assessed, using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, serum concentrations of various SL metabolites in 406 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, 203 infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 203 with hepatitis B virus (HBV), respectively. We observed significant variations of serum SLs, with sphingosine and sphinganine being, both in univariate ( P &lt; 0.05) as well as in multivariate analysis, significantly associated to severity of liver fibrosis in HCV‐infected patients (odds ratio [OR]: 1.111; confidence interval [CI]: 1.028‐1.202; P = 0.007 and OR, 0.634; CI, 0.435‐0.925; P = 0.018, respectively). Serum SLs correlated significantly with serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels as well as with insulin resistance, defined by the homeostatic model assessment index, in HCV patients. Sustained viral response rates in HCV patients were independently predicted by serum C24Cer (OR, 0.998; CI, 0.997‐0.999; P = 0.001), its unsaturated derivative C24:1Cer (OR, 1.001; CI, 1.000‐1.002; P = 0.059), and C18:1Cer (OR, 0.973; CI, 0.947‐0.999; P = 0.048), together with ferritin (OR, 1.006; CI, 1.003‐1.010; P &lt; 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (OR, 1.020; CI, 1.001‐1.039; P = 0.032), and interleukin‐28B genotype (OR, 9.483; CI, 3.139‐28.643; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion : Our study demonstrates a tight interaction between variations in serum SL levels and progression of liver fibrosis as well as responsiveness to antiviral therapy. Particularly, sphingosine, sphinganine, and C24Cer appear as promising novel biomarkers in chronic HCV infection and should be further evaluated within the noninvasive prediction of liver fibrosis. (H epatology 2015;61:812–822)
External stenting reduces long-term medial and neointimal thickening and platelet derived growth factor expression in a pig model of arteriovenous bypass grafting
Authors: Dheeraj Mehta, Sarah J. George, Jamie Y. Jeremy, M. Bashar Izzat, Kay M. Southgate, Alan J. Bryan, Andrew C. Newby, Gianni D. Angelini
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Breast implants deemed safe--again
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Silicone gel breast implants have been cleared of causing ill health by a government review, the third review in six years to proclaim the devices safe.

But the Independent Review Group, which is responsible for the latest report, recommends that anyone seeking breast enlargement should receive full information about the procedure and be given an opportunity to discuss a checklist of issues with the surgeon before the …
The Response of the Renal Circulation in Man to Constant-Speed Infusions of <i>l</i> -Norepinephrine
Authors: THEODORE N. PULLMAN, WILLIAM W. MCCLURE
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The effects of constant-speed intravenous infusions of l -norepinephrine in man have been studied with reference to the changes produced in the renal circulation. The responses to four rates of infusion were studied both qualitatively and quantitatively in each of nine normal men. As dosage was increased glomerular filtration rate changed little if at all, effective renal plasma flow diminished, and filtration fraction rose. Both afferent and efferent glomerular arteriolar resistances sharply increased, but the latter did so much more markedly than the former.
Missed neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Authors' reply
Authors: D. S Renwick, A. Chandraker, P. Bannister
Journal: BMJ (1992)

the presenting features.All three patients were assessed and investigated by a neurologist, and no other diagnoses were obtained.Nystagmus, unsteady gait, and cranial palsies other than cranial nerve VI have, however, rarely been described in association.'The close temporal relation of the symptoms (including atypical symptoms and signs and lumbar puncture opening pressures) and successful treatment of the patients' myeloma strongly suggests an association but of course is not conclusive.Other mechanisms may be at playthe aetiology ofmononeuritis multiplex in myeloma remains obscure.Total protein content, sugar, and cytology of cerebrospinal fluid were all entirely within normal limits in all three cases.The computed tomo- graphy appearances were also normal (ventricles; no mass effect) apart from the empty sella as shown in our table.We agree that dural sinus thrombosis has to be excluded in patients presenting with benign intra- cranial hypertension.Our radiologists were specifically asked to exclude the possibility on the basis of contrast enhanced computed tomography scans.Magnetic resonance imaging and arteriography would be more sensitive methods but we did not feel they were justified as the presenting features were chronic in onset, the protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was not raised, and there were no red cells to suggest venous infarction.Most
Liver transplantation restores female reproductive endocrine function
Authors: Kimberly A. Brown, Michael R. Lucey
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The effect of successful liver transplantation on menstrual function was assessed by questionnaire in 44 women transplanted for various types of end stage liver disease, acute liver failure or malignant disease. Significant amenorrhoea (&gt;one year) was present in 48% of women with chronic liver disease before transplantation, and was reversed within 10 months of surgery in all but one of the pre-menopausal patients who had primary amenorrhoea and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Two patients became pregnant five months and 1-5 years after transplantation, but in one instance the pregnancy was unsuccessful, possibly as a consequence of cyclosporin related intrauterine growth retardation. Seventeen female patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation between June 1973 and June 1987 became pregnant 5 months to 11 years after transplantation. Immunosuppression was maintained with combinations of prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine prior to and during pregnancy. One patient discontinued immunosuppression after knowledge of pregnancy, taking only azathioprine sporadically. Mean age at time of delivery was 26 years. Twelve patients had no alteration in liver function studies; 7 patients demonstrated mild or moderate enzyme elevations prior to delivery, with one case of rejection confirmed by percutaneous liver biopsy. Major problems related to pregnancy were hypertension, anemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Twenty live births occurred (2 patients had 2 separate pregnancies, one patient has a set of twins); 13 were by caesarian section, 7 by vaginal delivery. Eleven of the 13 caesarian births were premature by gestational age. All vaginal births were term. Toxemia of pregnancy and early rupture of membranes were the principal indications for caesarean section. There were no congenital abnormalities or birth defects and all the children are surviving well. Fifteen of 16 children older than one year have normal physical and mental development, with one child manifesting immature speech development. Four children are under one year, all with normal milestones thus far. Sixteen of the 17 mothers are alive from 2-18 years after transplantation; the only death was from a lymphoma, almost 4 years after transplantation and 2 1/2 years after delivery. This experience suggests that women undergoing liver transplantation can safely bear children despite an increased risk of premature caesarian births. The effect of chronic immunosuppression of female pediatric patients on their reproductive potential later in adulthood remains to be fully evaluated but the results so far are favorable.
Diagnosis of Stress Fractures-Reply
Authors: Joseph F. Norfray
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Many stress fractures can be diagnosed and treated with assurance from the history and clinical findings without x-ray examination or an RBS. In the atypical clinical presentation of stress fractures, we first proceed with conventional x-ray examination to confirm the suspicion of stress fracture. If the findings on x-ray films are normal, only then do we obtain an RBS. We believe the simplest and least expensive workup of stress fractures is the method of choice. An excellent article on the use of RBS to diagnose stress fractures in varsity athletes at the University of Pittsburgh was published after my article was submitted.<sup>1</sup>I suggest it for further reading.
Autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenia in Italy is most frequently a type of heterozygous Bernard-Soulier syndrome
Authors: Anna Savoia, Carlo L. Balduini, Maria Savino, Patrizia Noris, Maria Del Vecchio, Silverio Perrotta, Simona Belletti, Vincenzo Poggi, Achille Iolascon
Journal: Blood (2001)
Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Fiber, Simple Sugars, and Insulin Resistance: The Inter99 Study
Authors: Cathrine Lau, Kristine Færch, Charlotte Glümer, Inge Tetens, Oluf Pedersen, Bendix Carstensen, Torben Jørgensen, Knut Borch-Johnsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Buyken and Liese (1) raised the relevant question of whether low variability in glycemic index and glycemic load could explain the lack of association with insulin resistance (2). The complete ranges (medians) of glycemic index and glycemic load in our study are 16–105 (79) and 0–1,208 (197), respectively. This is in accordance with previous studies (3), and thus, it is unlikely that this explains the lack of association.

We disagree that our article should have provided data on …
Response of isolated monkey coronary arteries to catecholamines and to transmural electrical stimulation.
Authors: N Toda
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

In helically cut stripes of monkey coronary arteries of different sizes, contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha or K+, responses to norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, and transmural electrical stimulation were compared. In response to norepinephrine, only contractions were induced in large arteries, contractions at low concentrations and relaxations at high concentrations in medium-size arteries, and only relaxations in small arteries. Epinephrine produced a greater contraction than norepinephrine in the arteries. Relaxant effects of isoproterenol were greater in small and medium-size arteries than in large arteries. Transmural electrical stimulation applied at frequencies of 2,5, and 20 Hz to strips of medium-size arteries produced a frequency-dependent contraction that was reversed to a relaxation following treatment with phentolamine. Propranolol abolished the relaxation. In strips of dog coronary arteries of medium size, transmural stimulation elicited only a relaxation which was suppressed or reversed to a contraction by propranolol. Dog arteries of this size responded to norepinephrine and epinephrine with only a relaxation. It may be concluded that the quantity or the susceptibility of alpha-adrenoceptors is in the order of large greater than or equal to medium greater than small-size arteries from monkeys, whereas that of beta-adrenoceptors is in the order of medium = small greater than large arteries. Monkey coronary arteries appear to respond to endogenous and exogenous norepinephrine with a contraction more consistently than dog coronary arteries.