tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Excitation-Contraction Coupling of Isolated Cardiac Fibers with Disrupted or Closed Sarcolemmas: CALCIUM-DEPENDENT CYCLIC AND TONIC CONTRACTIONS
Authors: Alexandre Fabiato, Françoise Fabiato
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Single cells of adult rat ventricle were separated with 0.1% trypsin and 0.05-0.1% collagenase. Ten percent of these cells were tubular and striated, contracted spontaneously in the presence of 0.05 mM CaCl 2 or after addition of 0.1-0.5 mM CaCl 2 , and developed contracture in 1 mM CaCl 2 . A resting potential of -30 to -50 mv and an action potential more than 100 msec in duration were recorded in some of the cells. These relatively intact cells were contrasted with myocardial fibers (10-100 µ ) obtained by homogenization. In the presence of 0.025 mM ethyleneglycol bis(β-aminoethylether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), localized cyclic contractions with intracellular asynchrony were observed under the phase microscope in obviously disrupted areas of these mechanically separated fibers. These contractions were insensitive to the ratio of Na + to K + , and neither resting potentials nor action potentials were observed. Thus, these disrupted fibers were considered skinned fibers of cardiac muscle; this assumption was further supported by the absence of modification of fiber sensitivity to Ca 2+ by simultaneous skinning with EDTA. Effects of Ca 2+ were studied with control of pCa in the medium by EGTA-Ca buffers, either directly on the homogenate or after depletion of Ca 2+ content of the tissue. At 22°C, pH 7.0, and in the presence of 4 mM MgCl 2 , 5 mM adenosine triphosphate, and 2 mM EGTA, cyclic contractions were inhibited and a tonic contraction was induced at a pCa of 6.25-6.5, which represented the threshold for activation of myofilaments. With the same medium but with low EGTA (less than 0.2 mM), cyclic contractions were obtained if pCa was equal to or lower than 7.4-7.6. Therefore, these contractions corresponded to a cyclic release of Ca 2+ from cellular stores, yielding a transient activation of myofilaments. This large release of Ca 2+ within the fiber was induced by a small addition of Ca 2+ to the medium. It was concluded that a regenerative release of Ca 2+ could be demonstrated in heart muscle under these conditions. Localized cyclic contractions were not observed in disrupted fibers of frog heart, in which spontaneously beating cells could be separated with enzymes.
BMA meeting: Doctors support minimum price for unit of alcohol
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Representatives at the BMA’s annual conference in Liverpool have voted in support of the chief medical officer of England’s proposals to set a minimum price on a unit of alcohol, following the lead of the Scottish government.

Earlier this year Liam Donaldson called for a minimum price of 50p (€0.6; $0.8) to be charged for a unit of alcohol to reduce excessive drinking and its associated harms ( BMJ 2009;338:b1124, doi:10.1136/bmj.b1124).

The move was based on evidence from a Department of Health funded study conducted by Sheffield …
Exploring interactions between rat hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells using gene expression profiling
Authors: Salman R. Khetani, Greg Szulgit, Jo A. Del Rio, Carrolee Barlow, Sangeeta N. Bhatia
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Cocultivation of primary hepatocytes with a plethora of nonparenchymal cells (from within and outside the liver) has been shown to support hepatic functions in vitro . Despite significant investigation into this phenomenon, the molecular mechanism underlying epithelial-nonparenchymal interactions in hepatocyte cocultures remains poorly understood. In this study, we present a functional genomic approach utilizing gene expression profiling to isolate molecular mediators potentially involved in induction of liver-specific functions by nonparenchymal cells. Specifically, primary rat hepatocytes were cocultivated with closely related murine fibroblast cell types (3T3-J2, NIH-3T3, mouse embryonic fibroblasts) to allow their classification as “high,” “medium,” or “low” inducers of hepatic functions. These functional responses were correlated with fibroblast gene expression profiles obtained using Affymetrix GeneChips. Microarray data analysis provided us with 17 functionally characterized candidate genes in the cell communication category (cell surface, extracellular matrix, secreted factors) that may be involved in induction of hepatic functions. Further analysis using various databases ( i.e., PubMed, GenBank) facilitated prioritization of the candidates for functional characterization. We experimentally validated the potential role of two candidates in our coculture model. The cell surface protein, neural cadherin (N-cadherin), was localized to hepatocyte-fibroblast junctions, while adsorbed decorin up-regulated hepatic functions in pure cultures as well as cocultures with low-inducing fibroblasts. In the future, identifying mediators of hepatocyte differentiation may have implications for both fundamental hepatology and cell-based therapies ( e.g. , bioartificial liver devices). In conclusion , the functional genomic approach presented in this study may be utilized to investigate mechanisms of cell-cell interaction in a variety of tissues and disease states. (Hepatology 2004;40:545-554.)
Attack of the Killer Tomatoes
Authors: Rebecca J. Goldburg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  ——The article by the American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs, Biotechnology and the American Agricultural Industry, 1 discusses the safety of a range of genetically engineered food products now under development. The first example is of crop  genetically engineered to resist insects by producing an insecticidal protein from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Unfortunately, the article's discussion of the safety of  plants as food is misleading in two ways.  First, the article states that  gene expression is generally limited to a single, highly susceptible developmental stage in the plant's life cycle (before maturation and harvest occur). In most Bt  developed so far, however, Bt genes are expressed throughout the plant; genetic engineers commonly control Bt gene expression with a promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus that keeps genes turned on. A number of investigators are now experimenting with other promoters that target gene
Treatment of extramammary Paget disease of the vulva with imiquimod: A retrospective, multicenter study by the German Colposcopy Network
Authors: Alexander Luyten, Philipp Sörgel, Andreas Clad, Friederike Gieseking, Karin Maass-Poppenhusen, Ralph J. Lellé, Philipp Harter, Nina Buttmann, Karl Ulrich Petry
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Experimental colitis is ameliorated by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity.
Authors: D Rachmilewitz, F Karmeli, E Okon, M Bursztyn
Journal: Gut (1995)

Enhanced nitric oxide (NO) generation by stimulated NO synthase (NOS) activity may, through its oxidative metabolism contribute to tissue injury in experimental colitis. In this study the possible amelioration of experimental colitis by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NOS activity, was evaluated. Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of 30 mg trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNB) dissolved in 0.25 ml 50% ethanol or by flushing the colon of capsaicin pretreated rats with 2 ml of 5% acetic acid. In several experiments, L-NAME 0.1 mg/ml was added to the drinking water at the time of colitis induction with TNB or seven days before acetic acid treatment. Rats were killed at various time intervals after induction of colitis. A 10 cm distal colonic segment was isolated, weighed, lesion area measured, and explants organ cultured for 24 hours for determination of NO generation by the Greiss reaction. The rest of the mucosa was scraped for determination of myeloperoxidase and NOS activities and leukotriene generation. In TNB treated rats mean arterial pressure was also determined up to 72 hours after damage induction, with or without cotreatment with nitroprusside. L-NAME significantly decreased the extent of tissue injury in TNB treated rats. Seven days after TNB treatment lesion area was reduced by 55%, colonic weight by 37%, and myeloperoxidase and NOS activity by 59% and 42%, respectively. Acetic acid induced colitis in capsaicin pretreated rats was also significantly decreased by L-NAME. Twenty four hours after acetic acid treatment lesion area was reduced by 61%, colonic weight by 21% and NOS activity by 39%. Mean (SEM) arterial blood pressure in TNB+L-NAME treated rats was 37.6 (8.1) mm Hg higher than in TNB treated rats, an effect that was only partially abolished by nitroprusside. These results show that inhibition of NO synthesis by an L-arginine analogue significantly ameliorates the extent of tissue injury in two models of experimental colitis, an effect that is not due only to its vasoconstrictor properties. Modulation of NO generation may be a novel therapeutic approach in inflammatory bowel disease.
Audit and research.
Authors: A Bull
Journal: BMJ (1993)

In previous physiological experiments (Stretton, A. O. W., R. M. Fishpool, E. Southgate, J. E. Donmoyer, J. P. Walrond, J. E. R. Moses, and I. S. Kass (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 75: 3493–3497), we have shown that the dorsal cord of the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides includes the processes of three types of dorsal excitatory (DE) motoneurons and one type of ventral inhibitory (VI) motoneuron. Ultrastructural studies have revealed that the axons of the DE motoneurons make monosynaptic contacts with the dorsal processes of VI motoneurons. In this paper, we describe a physiological preparation with which to investigate the properties of these synapses. We show that activation of a DE neuron can excite a VI neuron producing inhibition in ventral muscle cells shortly after dorsal muscle cells are excited, thus mediating reciprocity between dorsal and ventral muscles. Each VI dendrite receives input from four or five DE neurons; activation of any one of these DE neurons is sufficient to activate the VI neuron.
ROUTINE USE OF NEOSKIODAN IN SUSPECTED INJURIES TO THE GENITO-URINARY TRACT
Authors: CHARLES MORGAN McKENNA
Journal: JAMA (1934)

My purpose in this paper is to point out what a valuable asset excretory urography is in making an early diagnosis in patients suffering with trauma of the genito-urinary tract. It is valuable not only in a positive way but in a negative way as well. Every surgeon recognizes the importance of early diagnosis of trauma, or what is commonly known as internal injuries. Many patients have been lost because of watchful waiting, and many patients have been operated on who could have made a recovery without surgical intervention. This is true not only of trauma but of other pathologic conditions as well. One usually assumes that a person who has been injured was normal until the time of the injury. I have found many times in my observations that a number of these patients had a pathologic entity before the trauma took place. This pathologic condition, observed at the
The Way to Jerusalem
Authors: M. Begovic, E. A. Pretto
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What Goes Up Must Come Down, But Hypertension Experts Worldwide Differ About Ways, Means
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

BLOOD PRESSURE levels that make an American physician write a prescription may elicit only advice about life-style in Switzerland. Most Australians know of the need for medical assessment of individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease, while millions of Brazilians are so unaware of potential health problems that malignant hypertension, which has nearly disappeared in the industrialized world, remains a real threat in that country. These variations and others emerged in a special panel discussion among experts from seven nations who assembled in Baltimore, Md, for the American Heart Association's (AHA) 44th annual fall conference and scientific sessions of its Council for High Blood Pressure Research. The other countries represented were Britain, Japan, and West Germany. Although national policy details may not be the same, said Stevo Julius, MD, professor of medicine and physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, smiling wryly, "one thing is no different. Hypertension is a disease treated
Confusion over DNAR orders
Authors: David Levine
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

Foster and Hope1 describe ‘… considerable confusion over the status of “do not attempt resuscitation” (DNAR) orders’. Their analysis of the legal status of these orders is clear but does not explain why there is confusion; they may also underestimate some practical difficulties.

The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) provides measured and nuanced rules, but those who draft statutes do not always have to consider practical implementation. They might assume that all clinical staff can be meticulously trained in every implication and can comply with complex rules in the, often chaotic, circumstances of arrests.

Elective assessment of capacity must be measured and nuanced, but the person witnessing a cardiac arrest has to act more pragmatically. The authors note that this is often a nurse, but he or she might not conduct assessments of capacity and might not receive such detailed training as medical staff in the implications of the MCA and DNAR orders. Patients often move between wards, but accurate information and knowledge often do not follow. The authors ‘hope’ that DNAR reviews have occurred and ‘should’ be in handovers may be overoptimistic.

They state that the first decision at an arrest must be whether or not to call the resuscitation team; actually, it is whether to start basic life support. It is this decision that could result in the nurse risking a charge of battery, as the authors warn, or of accusation of not attempting resuscitation later thought to have been indicated. They further state that the first decision must legally be made at the time of the arrest, either on the basis of an order's validity and applicability or of the patient's best interests, as assessed at that time. The authors might try to estimate a minimum time needed for such an assessment, particularly with inadequate notes. I suspect that it exceeds the short window of opportunity to secure even the small chance of successful resuscitation.

None of this negates the authors’ helpful analysis, or the need for correct implementation, but some clinical circumstances can confound the best legal and ethical intentions. I wonder how many nurses will read the essay.
Abstract 1302: Effect of intestinal-specific Kaiso overexpression on the APC MIN/+ mouse colon cancer model
Authors: Daria Wojtal, Roopali Chaudhary, Kyster K. Nanan, Simona Morone, Juliet M. Daniel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of various cellular processes during embryogenesis but when aberrantly activated, it leads to tumorigenesis. The key downstream effector of the Wnt pathway is the Armadillo protein, β-catenin, which was first characterized as a cytoplasmic cofactor for the transmembrane, cell-cell adhesion tumor suppressor, E-cadherin. Recent evidence from our lab and others indicates that another E-cadherin cofactor, p120ctn and its binding partner, the POZ-ZF transcription factor Kaiso, co-regulate a subset of Wnt/β-catenin target genes and antagonize Wnt signaling. Specifically, using a Xenopus model system, we and others found that Kaiso overexpression rescued the β-catenin-induced duplicate axis phenotype; this implicated Kaiso as a negative regulator of Wnt signaling. However, it remains to be determined whether an analogous antagonistic role for Kaiso is conserved in mammals. Indeed, when Kaiso-null mice (which were viable and had no overt developmental defects or tumors) were crossed with the APCMIN/+ mouse model of colon cancer, the progeny had delayed tumor onset and reduced polyp size. This suggested that Kaiso played a positive role in tumor initiation and possibly cell proliferation in mammals. To resolve this discrepancy, we generated intestine-specific Kaiso overexpressing transgenic mice (KaisoTg/+) for subsequent mating with the APCMIN/+ mouse model of colon cancer. Histological analysis of small and large intestines from KaisoTg/+ and non-Tg mice revealed no gross morphological differences. Immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining revealed strong nuclear Kaiso staining in intestinal tissues from KaisoTg/+ mice whereas intestinal tissues from non-Tg mice displayed weak cytoplasmic or no Kaiso staining. We detected no difference in β-Catenin expression levels in tissues from KaisoTg/+ mice and their wildtype littermates. This suggests that Kaiso's regulation of WNT signaling is downstream of its main effector β-Catenin. KaisoTg-APCMIN/+ double mutant mice have been generated and surprisingly they display decreased body size and weight, and have a decreased life span when compared to the parentals (i.e. KaisoTg or APCMIN/+). Current studies are aimed at assessing polyp formation and elucidating the expression levels of p120ctn, β-catenin, E-cadherin and cyclinD1 in the KaisoTg-APCMIN/+ intestines. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1302. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1302
The relationship between fetal hemoglobin level and glycosylation in sickle cell disease
Authors: M. M. Elseweidy, E. C. Abraham
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Glycosylated hemoglobin (glyco Hb) was determined by affinity chromatography and Hb S 1 and Hb F by Bio‐Rex 70 chromatography in patients with sickle cell anemia, SC disease, Sβ + ‐thalassemia, and Sβ β ‐thalassemia. SC and Sβ‐thalassemia patients had normal levels of glyco Hb whereas SS patients had significantly lower levels. Within each group of patients a direct correlation existed between Hb F and glyco Hb or Hb S 1 levels. A similar relationship was noticed when glyco Hb and Hb F levels were compared in red cell populations of various densities (ages). Hb F seems to influence glycosylation through its effect on red cell survival.
Role of the CT scanner in the management of cancer.
Authors: J E Husband
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Although the diagnostic scope of computed tomography has widened considerably in recent years, assessment of patients with suspected or known malignant disease remains the major reason for body CT referrals in the United Kingdom. This paper sets out to define important advantages and limitations of CT in cancer diagnosis, addressing the topics of primary diagnosis, staging, and patient follow up. There is relatively little information on the influence of CT on patient management in oncology but reported studies indicate that CT directly alters clinical decisions in 14-30% of patients. This aspect requires further evaluation and is of particular relevance when considering the appropriate use of high cost technology.
The Physician's Assistant—Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Amasa B. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This is a timely guidebook to the challenging and still largely unexplored land of the physician's assistant and the nurse practitioner. Writing from an unlikely source, the Trauma Program of the Yale Department of Surgery, the three authors manage to condense a great deal of information by merging their perspectives, which are those of surgeon, lawyer, and nurse-psychiatric social worker. The style is breezy, at times almost journalistic, and the book is refreshingly free of the familiar pomposity of professionals interacting at high levels. Lest the reader be lulled into a false sense of harmony, however, the authors include a large appendix consisting of the utterances of official government and professional organizations. These Guidelines, Statements, and Programs document the wrangles over titles, status, independent practice, liability, and professional education which stand in the way of the obvious and sensible step of providing the primary physician with the help he so
Vitamin Homeostasis in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Reynold Spector
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Several groups of investigators have suggested that pharmacologic doses of certain water-soluble vitamins, including vitamins B6, B12 and C and niacin, may be useful in the treatment of schizophrenia.1 Oral doses of 10 to a thousand times the minimum daily requirements have been advocated. Moreover, blood levels of vitamin C have been correlated with mental "alertness" or "sharpness." Dr. Linus Pauling has developed a hypothesis to rationalize the use of pharmacologic doses of vitamins in patients with mental illness and in certain normal subjects.1 According to this hypothesis, the brain is sensitive to its molecular environment, and, . . .
Hemodynamic Patterns of Age-Related Changes in Blood Pressure
Authors: Stanley S. Franklin, William Gustin, Nathan D. Wong, Martin G. Larson, Michael A. Weber, William B. Kannel, Daniel Levy
Journal: Circulation (1997)

We attempted to characterize age-related changes in blood pressure in both normotensive and untreated hypertensive subjects in a population-based cohort from the original Framingham Heart Study and to infer underlying hemodynamic mechanisms.A total of 2036 participants were divided into four groups according to their systolic blood pressure (SBP) at biennial examination 10, 11, or 12. After excluding subjects receiving antihypertensive drug therapy, up to 30 years of data on normotensive and untreated hypertensive subjects from biennial examinations 2 through 16 were used. Regressions of blood pressure versus age within individual subjects produced slope and curvature estimates that were compared with the use of ANOVA among the four SBP groups. There was a linear rise in SBP from age 30 through 84 years and concurrent increases in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP); after age 50 to 60 years, DBP declined, pulse pressure (PP) rose steeply, and MAP reached an asymptote. Neither the fall in DBP nor the rise in PP was influenced significantly by removal of subsequent deaths and subjects with nonfatal myocardial infarction or heart failure. Age-related linear increases in SBP, PP, and MAP, as well as the early rise and late fall in DBP, were greatest for subjects with the highest baseline SBP; this represents a divergent rather than parallel tracking pattern.The late fall in DBP after age 60 years, associated with a continual rise in SBP, cannot be explained by "burned out" diastolic hypertension or by "selective survivorship" but is consistent with increased large artery stiffness. Higher SBP, left untreated, may accelerate large artery stiffness and thus perpetuate a vicious cycle.