tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE IMMEDIATE AND REMOTE EFFECTS OF BRAIN INJURY.
Authors: D. S. FAIRCHILD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

<h3>Immediate Effects.</h3> —The phenomena which immediately follow as the result of brain trauma are interesting chiefly on account of their diagnostic value in revealing the nature and extent of the injury and are of some importance in determining the questions of prognosis and treatment. It must be considered, however, that in many cases the early manifestations may not reveal the seriousness of the lesion fully and may be misleading. On the other hand, the first symptoms may indicate a more grave condition than the subsequent history will confirm. The early symptom most generally observed in serious head injuries is a state of unconsciousness. What this may signify can not always easily be determined from the symptom alone. The question of importance in this connection to be considered at an early moment is, whether the unconsciousness is from hemorrhage, or from concussion or contusion of the brain. The manner in which
TMEM14C is required for erythroid mitochondrial heme metabolism
Authors: Yvette Y. Yien, Raymond F. Robledo, Iman J. Schultz, Naoko Takahashi-Makise, Babette Gwynn, Daniel E. Bauer, Abhishek Dass, Gloria Yi, Liangtao Li, Gordon J. Hildick-Smith, Jeffrey D. Cooney, Eric L. Pierce, Kyla Mohler, Tamara A. Dailey, Non Miyata, Paul D. Kingsley, Caterina Garone, Shilpa M. Hattangadi, Hui Huang, Wen Chen, Ellen M. Keenan, Dhvanit I. Shah, Thorsten M. Schlaeger, Salvatore DiMauro, Stuart H. Orkin, Alan B. Cantor, James Palis, Carla M. Koehler, Harvey F. Lodish, Jerry Kaplan, Diane M. Ward, Harry A. Dailey, John D. Phillips, Luanne L. Peters, Barry H. Paw
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The transport and intracellular trafficking of heme biosynthesis intermediates are crucial for hemoglobin production, which is a critical process in developing red cells. Here, we profiled gene expression in terminally differentiating murine fetal liver-derived erythroid cells to identify regulators of heme metabolism. We determined that TMEM14C, an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that is enriched in vertebrate hematopoietic tissues, is essential for erythropoiesis and heme synthesis in vivo and in cultured erythroid cells. In mice, TMEM14C deficiency resulted in porphyrin accumulation in the fetal liver, erythroid maturation arrest, and embryonic lethality due to profound anemia. Protoporphyrin IX synthesis in TMEM14C-deficient erythroid cells was blocked, leading to an accumulation of porphyrin precursors. The heme synthesis defect in TMEM14C-deficient cells was ameliorated with a protoporphyrin IX analog, indicating that TMEM14C primarily functions in the terminal steps of the heme synthesis pathway. Together, our data demonstrate that TMEM14C facilitates the import of protoporphyrinogen IX into the mitochondrial matrix for heme synthesis and subsequent hemoglobin production. Furthermore, the identification of TMEM14C as a protoporphyrinogen IX importer provides a genetic tool for further exploring erythropoiesis and congenital anemias.
Sustained rise of portal pressure after sclerotherapy, but not band ligation, in acute variceal bleeding in cirrhosis
Authors: Alec Avgerinos, Anastasios Armonis, Gerasimos Stefanidis, Nikoleta Mathou, Jiannis Vlachogiannakos, Anastasios Kougioumtzian, Christos Triantos, Costas Papaxoinis, Spilios Manolakopoulos, Anna Panani, Sotiris A. Raptis
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

During variceal bleeding, several factors may increase portal pressure, which in turn may precipitate further bleeding. This study investigates the early effects of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) and endoscopic band ligation (EBL) on hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) during acute bleeding and the possible influence in outcome. In 50 cirrhotic patients with bleeding esophageal varices treated with EIS (n = 25) or EBL (n = 25), we performed repeated HVPG measurements before and immediately after endoscopic treatment (time 0) and every 24 hours for a 5-day period. Endotherapy was continued until the varices were too small for further treatment. Both groups were comparable with regard to age, gender, Child-Turcotte-Pugh grade, and HVPG. In the EBL and EIS groups, a significant ( P &lt; .0001) increase was observed in mean portal pressure (20.7 mm Hg ± 4.4 SD and 21.5 mm Hg ± 4.5 SD, respectively) immediately after treatment (time 0) as compared with pretreatment (18.1 ± 4.5 and 18.1 ± 4.0). However, HVPG in the EBL group returned to baseline values within 48 hours after treatment, while in the EIS group it remained high during the 120-hour study period ( P &lt; .0001). Bleeding stopped in all patients after endotherapy. During the 42-day follow-up period, the rebleeding rate over time was lower in the EBL group compared with the EIS group ( P = .024). Patients with an initial HVPG greater than 16 mm Hg had, despite endoscopic treatment, a significantly higher likelihood of rebleeding ( P = .05) and death ( P = .024) and overall failure ( P = .037). In conclusion , during acute variceal bleeding EIS, but not EBL, causes a sustained increase in HVPG, which is followed by a higher rebleeding rate. (Hepatology 2004;39:1623-1630.)
Novel roles for erythroid Ankyrin-1 revealed through an ENU-induced null mouse mutant
Authors: Gerhard Rank, Rosemary Sutton, Vikki Marshall, Rachel J. Lundie, Jacinta Caddy, Tony Romeo, Kate Fernandez, Matthew P. McCormack, Brian M. Cooke, Simon J. Foote, Brendan S. Crabb, David J. Curtis, Douglas J. Hilton, Benjamin T. Kile, Stephen M. Jane
Journal: Blood (2009)
Studying chromosome-wide transcriptional networks: new insights into disease?
Authors: Philipp Kapranov
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

A large amount of experimental data collected over the last decade has shown that genomic organization is very complex and has highlighted the fact that the current set of gene annotations does not fully capture this complexity. Much of the RNA detected in a cell is found to originate from outside the exons of annotated genes. Exons of annotated and unannotated transcripts separated by large genomic distances can be joined together in chimeric transcripts. Any given base-pair in a genome could be traversed by many protein-coding and non-coding RNAs. We discuss the implications of these effects for our understanding of disease.
Drug use in Anchorage, Alaska. A survey of 15,634 students in grades 6 through 12--1971
Authors: M. R. Porter
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Of all public school students surveyed by a one-page questionnaire, 36.3% reported experimentation with a drug other than alcohol or tobacco, 19.8% reported use ten or more times, and 4.5% reported frequent current use. High figures for an elementary school population indicated that 14.6% of sixth graders had used a drug other than alcohol or tobacco. Alcohol, tobacco, marihuana, solvents, nonprescription stimulants, and hashish were the most commonly reported drugs for all students. Marihuana use was correlated with use of other drugs. Most drugs showed increased usage rates compared to previous investigations, with marked increases noted for hashish, mescaline, and propoxyphene hydrochloride. Usage rates were approximately equal for boys and girls, and increased as grade level increased. Racial differences in usage were noted.
Screening of Blood Donors
Authors: Elemer K. Zsigmond
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Malignant hyperthermia, or more accurately, acute familial peranesthetic rhabdomyolysis, still causes death and disability because of its delayed recognition. In 1969 we recommended routine temperature monitoring in all patients undergoing anesthesia with triggering agents, namely, all potent inhalational anesthetics and succinylcholine. A survey that I recently conducted showed that only 60% of anesthesiologists use routine temperature monitoring in adults. Frequently the high cost of continuous temperature monitoring is quoted as an excuse for neglecting temperature monitoring. The introduction of liquid crystal thermography has brought down the cost to a negligible level, $1.50 per patient, if a temperature sensor tape is used during anesthesia. In view of the facts that (1) there is a high mortality (35% ) despite the recently introduced intravenous dantrolene therapy, that (2) there is an incidence of 1:7,000 to 1:15,000 in the anesthetized population that is not negligible, and that (3) there is a
Lack of atropine in Syria hampers treatment after gas attacks
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A doctor treating people injured in last month’s chemical attacks in Syria has described conditions in his hospital even before the attack as “primitive.”

Omar Hakeem, a surgeon in a hospital in the Damascus suburb of Gouta, where the attacks took place, communicated with the BMJ by email to tell how his hospital treated 825 patients on the morning of the chemical attack on 21 August. Some 64 of these patients died, including 13 children.

Hakeem said that patients displayed the classic symptoms of a chemical attack, including frothing at the mouth, blurred vision, convulsions, and difficulty breathing.

He said that doctors’ ability to treat patients poisoned in the chemical attack was hampered by poor conditions in the …
Rational heterodoxy: Cholesterol reformation of the amyloid doctrine
Authors: Michael A. Castello, Salvador Soriano
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2012)

According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, accumulation of the amyloid peptide Aβ, derived by proteolytic processing from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), is the key pathogenic trigger in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This view has led researchers for more than two decades and continues to be the most influential model of neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, close scrutiny of the current evidence does not support a central pathogenic role for Aβ in late-onset AD. Furthermore, the amyloid cascade hypothesis lacks a theoretical foundation from which the physiological generation of Aβ can be understood, and therapeutic approaches based on its premises have failed. We present an alternative model of neurodegeneration, in which sustained cholesterol-associated neuronal distress is the most likely pathogenic trigger in late-onset AD, directly causing oxidative stress, inflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation. In this scenario, Aβ generation is part of an APP-driven adaptive response to the initial cholesterol distress, and its accumulation is neither central to, nor a requirement for, the initiation of the disease. Our model provides a theoretical framework that places APP as a regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, accounts for the generation of Aβ in both healthy and demented brains, and provides suitable targets for therapeutic intervention.
Population-based study of multiplexed IgE sensitization in relation to asthma, exhaled nitric oxide, and bronchial responsiveness
Authors: Antonios Patelis, Maria Gunnbjörnsdottir, Andrei Malinovschi, Per Matsson, Annica Önell, Marieann Högman, Kjell Alving, Christer Janson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Role of the RNA-binding Protein Tristetraprolin (TTP) in Glucocorticoid (GC)-mediated Gene Regulation
Authors: F.T. Ishmael, X. Fang, N. Heller, J. Fan, P.J. Blackshear, U. Atasoy, C. Cheadle, C. Stellato
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Is the Present Method of Disposing of the Human Dead the Best That Can Be Adopted?
Authors: H. W. Chapman
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Whitehall, Ill., Nov. 27, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The numerous objections to the present methods of burial of the human body after death must have presented themselves to a great many thinking minds; but, such is the force of custom, we will go on from generation to generation perpetuating the same grievous errors, solely because it is custom. In the present iconoclastic age, every individual should rise above being governed by such trivial motives, and squarely question every important act concerning the affairs of life, striving to see if it be not possible to leave to posterity a better series of customs than our ancestors have left us. There should be no superstitious veneration that perpetuates an evil, simply because it is hoary with age. A human body clad in woollen garments, incased in a wooden casket, this in turn placed in a wooden box, is in a condition to
THE PROPHYLAXIS OF TETANUS.
Authors: S. C. STANTON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Before taking up the consideration of the prophylaxis of tetanus, it may be well briefly to discuss the disease and to give some statistics regarding its prevalence and mortality. <h3>ETIOLOGY.</h3> Tetanus is defined as an acute, specific infective disease, characterized by involuntary tonic muscular spasms, tending to become generalized and with paroxysmal exacerbations from time to time. The causative micro-organism is the tetanus bacillus which, having gained entrance to the body, elaborates a virulent toxin and this, acting on the motor cells of the spinal cord and medulla, increases their irritability and induces the spasm.<sup>1</sup> The tetanus bacilli or their spores are most commonly present in garden soil, street sweepings, stable manure and the feces of herbivorous animals. In almost all cases the virus can be shown to have entered the body through a wound, and deep punctured wounds are the most likely to be followed by
726-2 The Role of Myocardial Catecholamine: Promising or Proved in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Primary Heart Muscle Diseases?
Authors: Petar M. Seferović, Stepan Stepanović, Ružica Maksimović, Miodrag Ostojić, Slavko Simeunović, Jovan D. Vasillević, Dragana Seferović, Arsen Ristić, Dragan V. Simić, Vesna Dangubić
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Complementary medicine. So does the practice of hypnotherapy.
Authors: P J Whorwell
Journal: BMJ (1993)

numbers by making bids for staff grade posts and increasing the allocation of junior staff to medicine, all of which had been blocked by senior manage- ment.After my dismissal all the plans were imple- mented.The defendants apologised unreservedly to me and my family and stated that they wished publicly to vindicate fully my reputation both as a doctor and as a departmental manager.They agreed to pay my full costs and substantial damages.This case shows how vulnerable doctors can be in undertaking a significant management role and how the most senior managers can use their power to blame a doctor manager unjustifiably for their own inadequacies.The result also shows that, at present, consultants may have a more secure position in a trust than managers, whose short term rolling contracts may encourage them to scapegoat doctors to preserve their own position.In view of the High Court's decision I am sure that trusts will realise that they have an absolute obligation to treat employees fairly, honestly, and within the law.
Effect of the Administration of Tea on the Excretion of DMPEA
Authors: ARNOLD J. FRIEDHOFF, EMANUEL MELLER, JACK W. SCHWEITZER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

In order to determine whether or not tea is an exogenous source of DMPEA, the authors studied three normal adult tea drinkers. They analyzed the DMPEA content of the urines and examined the effect of tea and added DMPEA on DMPEA excretion levels. They found negligible levels of DMPEA in the urines after tea ingestion and no clear changes in the levels of unmetabolized DMPEA after the ingestion of DMPEA and tea.
Cytokeratin immunoreactivity of intestinal metaplasia at normal oesophagogastric junction indicates its aetiology
Authors: A Couvelard
Journal: Gut (2001)

Cytokeratin (CK) 7 and 20 patterns are specific for long and short segments of Barrett's oesophagus but their use has not been assessed in intestinal metaplasia arising in macroscopically normal gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ).This study was carried out in a large prospective series of 254 patients who underwent upper endoscopy, had normal gastro-oesophageal anatomy, and who had biopsies of the antrum, fundus, cardia, GOJ, and lower oesophagus. Intestinal metaplasia of the GOJ was typed by histochemistry with high iron diamine-alcian blue staining and by immunohistochemistry using CK7 and CK20 antibodies. Results were correlated with clinical, endoscopic, and pathological data.Sixty (23.6%) of our patients presenting with a normal GOJ had intestinal metaplasia. The CK7/CK20 pattern identified two groups of patients: one highly correlated with Barrett's and the other with characteristics of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. The Barrett's type CK7/CK20 pattern was related to a high frequency of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms (p<0.02) and normal endoscopic appearance of the stomach (p<0.03). In contrast, the gastric type CK7/CK20 pattern was linked to atrophic (p<0.02) or erythematous (p<0.05) appearance of the stomach (p<0.03), high frequency of H pylori infection (p<0.04), antral inflammation (p<0.006) with atrophy (p<0.02), and intestinal metaplasia (p<0.02).In patients presenting with intestinal metaplasia in normal appearing GOJ, the cytokeratin pattern identifies two groups of patients, one with features identical to those of long segment Barrett's oesophagus and one with features seen in H pylori gastritis. These data may be used by clinicians and should result in improved endoscopic surveillance strategies targeted specifically at patients at increased risk of Barrett's oesophagus and thus cancer.
Special Problems in Treating Tuberculosis
Authors: Nadim Salomon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 March 1994Special Problems in Treating TuberculosisNadim Salomon, MD, David C. Perlman, MD, and Susan Goldstein, MDNadim Salomon, MDBeth Israel Medical Center; New York, NY 10003Search for more papers by this author, David C. Perlman, MDBeth Israel Medical Center; New York, NY 10003Search for more papers by this author, and Susan Goldstein, MDBeth Israel Medical Center; New York, NY 10003Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Barnes and Barrows [1] suggest that a regimen of ethambutol, ofloxacin, and an aminoglycoside can be used when antituberculous medication-induced hepatotoxicity occurs. We have recently reviewed our experience with this approach in 14 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (median CD4+ cell count, 39 cells/mm3) who had developed symptomatic liver disease while receiving regimens containing isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide for active tuberculosis [2]. In 13 patients (93%), liver test abnormalities occurred within the first 2 months of treatment. All had severe hepatotoxicity manifested by abdominal pain (71%), vomiting (50%), jaundice (57%), and encephalopathy (21%), with ...References1. Barnes PF, Barrows SA. Tuberculosis in the 1990s. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:400-10. Google Scholar2. Salomon N, Goldstein S, Perlman DC, Yancovitz SR. Utility of an ofloxacin-containing regimen in the management of hepatotoxicity in HIV-infected persons with tuberculosis. At: IXth International Conference on AIDS. Berlin: June 7-11, 1993. Abstract PO-B07-1242. Google Scholar3. O'Brien RJ. Hepatotoxic reaction to antituberculosis drugs: adjustments to therapeutic regimen. JAMA. 1991; 265:3323. Google Scholar4. Small PM, Schecter GF, Goodman PC, Sande MA, Chaisson RE, Hopewell PC. Treatment of tuberculosis in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324: 289-94. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beth Israel Medical Center; New York, NY 10003 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byClinical Management of Tuberculosis in the Context of HIV InfectionTUBERCULOSIS IN ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENTS: INCREASED TOXICITY OF RECOMMENDED AGENTS; CURE OF DISSEMINATED INFECTION WITH NONCONVENTIONAL REGIMENS 1 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 5Page: 440-441KeywordsAdverse reactionsBilirubinDrug therapyDrugsLiver diseasesMortalityMultidrug resistant tuberculosisSerum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminaseTuberculosisVomiting ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Audit of management of induced abortion Primary care component is ignored
Authors: K Stein, A Mortimore, I W Smith, M Ogilvie, J A G Paterson, G R Scott
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Gillian C Penney and colleagues' audit of the management of induced abortion in Scotland was very restricted, being concerned only with the hospital component of care, and those aspects considered important by medical staff.1 Care should be taken in interpreting the quality of care without considering the contributions of other health professionals, users' views, and particularly the input of primary care. For example, from the patient's point of view waiting time starts at presentation to the general practitioner or family planning services. It would be imprudent to assume that a patient with a brief waiting time after referral experienced high quality care if her general practitioner delayed referral for two weeks. Audit criteria should reflect the overall experience of patients with health services as much as possible.

All improvements quoted after the second audit round refer to measures of process, whose relation to patient outcome may vary. For example, there is a difference in relation to quality of a criterion such as grade of surgeon and …
Identification of the colony-stimulating cell in human peripheral blood
Authors: David W. Golde, Martin J. Cline
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Bone marrow colony formation in soft gel culture may be stimulated by substances elaborated by human peripheral blood leukocytes. In order to determine the cell type responsible for colony stimulation, peripheral leukocytes were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradients and differential glass adhesion. Morphologic, histochemical, and functional criteria were applied to determine the purity of the monocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil fractions.