tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B and laboratory tests.
Authors: D I Evans
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Timely, high-resolution forecasts of infectious disease incidence are useful for policy makers in deciding intervention measures and estimating healthcare resource burden. In this paper, we consider the task of forecasting COVID-19 confirmed cases at the county level for the United States. Although multiple methods have been explored for this task, their performance has varied across space and time due to noisy data and the inherent dynamic nature of the pandemic. We present a forecasting pipeline which incorporates probabilistic forecasts from multiple statistical, machine learning and mechanistic methods through a Bayesian ensembling scheme, and has been operational for nearly 6 months serving local, state and federal policymakers in the United States. While showing that the Bayesian ensemble is at least as good as the individual methods, we also show that each individual method contributes significantly for different spatial regions and time points. We compare our model’s performance with other similar models being integrated into CDC-initiated COVID-19 Forecast Hub, and show better performance at longer forecast horizons. Finally, we also describe how such forecasts are used to increase lead time for training mechanistic scenario projections. Our work demonstrates that such a real-time high resolution forecasting pipeline can be developed by integrating multiple methods within a performance-based ensemble to support pandemic response. <h3>ACM Reference Format</h3> Aniruddha Adiga, Lijing Wang, Benjamin Hurt, Akhil Peddireddy, Przemys-law Porebski,, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Bryan Lewis, Madhav Marathe. 2021. All Models Are Useful: Bayesian Ensembling for Robust High Resolution COVID-19 Forecasting. In <i>Proceedings of ACM Conference (Conference’17)</i>. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn
Increased interleukin-13 expression in patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: H-P Hauber
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown origin. Lymphocytic inflammation is dominated by expression of Th1 type cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a Th2 cytokine which is expressed by CD4+ T cells and has been shown to suppress TNFalpha in human blood monocytes. The role of IL-13 as a possible anti-inflammatory cytokine in sarcoidosis was investigated.mRNA expression of IL-13, IL-4, IL-10, and TNFalpha in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cells and peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBM) of 18 patients with sarcoidosis and nine healthy controls was assessed using RT-PCR. In addition, IL-13 protein levels in BAL cell culture supernatants from 12 patients and all controls were measured and immunocytochemistry of IL-13 protein was performed in BAL fluid cells of eight patients. TNFalpha concentrations were measured with and without stimulation with recombinant human (rh) IL-13, rhIL-10, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).IL-13 mRNA expression was significantly increased in BAL cells and PBM of patients compared with controls (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in IL-4 mRNA or IL-10 mRNA expression in BAL fluid cells or PBM between the two groups. TNFalpha mRNA expression was significantly higher in BAL fluid cells of patients than controls (p<0.05). IL-13 protein levels in BAL cell culture supernatants were slightly raised in half the patients investigated but in only two controls. Immunocytochemistry detected IL-13 protein in alveolar macrophages of patients. IL-13 led to decreased TNFalpha concentrations (p<0.05).IL-13 expression is increased in BAL cells and PBM in sarcoidosis and IL-13 is secreted from BAL cells. Alveolar macrophages may be the cellular source. These data suggest that IL-13 might have an anti-inflammatory effect by acting on TNFalpha.
Prognostic Impact of Plasma N-Terminal Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Severe Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Franz Hartmann, Milton Packer, Andrew J.S. Coats, Michael B. Fowler, Henry Krum, Paul Mohacsi, Jean L. Rouleau, Michal Tendera, Alain Castaigne, Stefan D. Anker, Ildiko Amann-Zalan, Silke Hoersch, Hugo A. Katus
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The utility of N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) to predict the occurrence of death and hospitalization was prospectively evaluated in the COPERNICUS study, which enrolled patients with an ejection fraction <25% and symptoms of chronic congestive heart failure at rest or on minimal exertion.Baseline plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP were measured in a subgroup of 814 men and 197 women with symptoms at rest or on minimal exertion who were enrolled in the COPERNICUS study and were randomized to placebo (n=506) or carvedilol (n=505). Values of NT-proBNP were markedly increased despite the requirement that patients be euvolemic before the start of treatment (mean+/-SD, 3235+/-4392 pg/mL; median, 1767 pg/mL). By univariate Cox regression analysis, NT-proBNP was found to be a powerful predictor of subsequent all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7 to 4.3; P=0.0001 for above versus below median) and all-cause mortality or hospitalization for heart failure (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8 to 3.4; P=0.0001 for above versus below median). The predictive value of NT-proBNP was similar when both placebo and carvedilol patients were analyzed separately. No significant interaction was found between NT-proBNP and treatment group (P=0.93 for above- versus below-median NT-proBNP).NT-proBNP was consistently associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality and for all-cause mortality or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with severe congestive heart failure, even in those who were clinically euvolemic. This marker therefore may be a useful tool in risk stratification of patients with severe congestive heart failure.
Second Conference on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Moscow, 1960 (Abstracts of Papers)
Authors: J. Graham Smith
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This brochure presents some of the current developments in the fields of gerontology and geriatrics in the U.S.S.R. It has been directly translated from the Russian by the library of the National Institutes of Health. No evaluation of the scientific merit of the material was made by the translators. Excerpts from some of the work related to skin follow. Kalantayevskya and Gurina studied 124 pieces of skin histologically from cadavers of 12 persons aged 60 to 99% years. Sebaceous glands were found to atrophy in the reverse order of their embryologic development; those forming last in the embryonic period disappeared first. In studies of healthy elderly persons, regenerative functions of the skin, such as the rates of hair growth and sloughing of stratum corneum, were lower than in middle age. Vascular reactions to intracutaneous adrenalin and histamine developed slowly but lasted for long periods. Dermographia also developed more slowly but
Photodynamic Inactivation of Herpes Simplex
Authors: Troy D. Felber
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Herpes simplex virus can be inactivated if exposed to any of several heterotricyclic dyes and irradiated briefly with an ordinary fluorescent light. This finding has been applied in a double-blind study in a group of patients with at least four episodes of recurrent herpes simplex infection per year. Therapy consisted of rupturing early vesicular lesions, application of the dye, and subsequent exposure to fluorescent light for 15 minutes. Eighteen of 20 patients treated with the active medication noted symptomatic improvement superior to that experienced with any form of therapy previously used. Also, in virtually all patients a 50% or greater improvement in healing time was noted. After follow-up study from 18 to 30 months, 85% of the patients had a 50% or greater decrease in recurrence rate and only 11% had a recurrence to exactly the same site. These results were superior to those obtained in a group of 12 control patients.
Do oral corticosteroids cause osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: W W Buchanan, B M Samuels, M K Jasani, J A Anderson, W M O'Brien, J A Boyle, G Nuki, I T Boyle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

two out of 91 probands showed bilateral sacroiliitis alone without spondylitis?DR.MACRAE Yes.
The human lung mast cell.
Authors: S I Wasserman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Mast cells are present in human lung tissue, pulmonary epithelium, and free in the bronchial lumen. By virtue of their location and their possession of specific receptors for IgE and complement fragments, these cells are sentinel cells in host defense. The preformed granular mediators and newly generated lipid mediators liberated upon activation of mast cells by a variety of secretagogues supply potent vasoactive-spasmogenic mediators, chemotactic factors, active enzymes, and proteoglycans to the local environment. These factors acting together induce an immediate response manifest as edema, smooth muscle constriction, mucus production, and cough. Later these mediators and those provided from plasma and leukocytes generate a tissue infiltrate of inflammatory cells and more prolonged vasoactive-bronchospastic responses. Acute and prolonged responses may be homeostatic and provide for defense of the host, but if excessive in degree or duration may provide a chronic inflammatory substrate upon which such disorders as asthma and pulmonary fibrosis may ensue.
Prostate cancer's day in the sun
Authors: G. Attard, A. H Reid, D. Dearnaley, J. S D. Bono
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Recently we and others have studied different anti-cancer drugs in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), including HER2 targeting drugs, pan-ErbB inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, anti-angiogenics, a survivin antisense, and several new cytotoxics.1 2 In none of these trials have we observed anything like the biochemical, radiological, and, importantly, symptomatic benefit reported with abiraterone acetate.

The results of our phase I study have been confirmed by a second phase I study in North America and four phase II studies run by …
Remittent Insulin-insensitive Diabetes
Authors: R. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1958)

hospitals, losing valuable educational time in travelling and waiting.In 1951 a start had been made in providing physio- therapy in the schools, and by 1957 it was available in all the schools, together with speech therapy, and where a group of deaf cerebral-palsied children are gathered together a teacher of the deaf can visit them.In the old schools there is inadequate provision for these services, but in the new schools, built and building, the planning is excellent.There are some children, too severely handicapped for the special schools of the London County Council, who may be at hospital schools or schools run by independent organizations and supported by the local education authori- ties, while others, about 60, receive teaching at home.There has been a double change over the years, some handicapped children being received into the normal school community and others being drawn out of the home and the hospital into the special schools.Accordingly, it should not be assumed that all the decrease over the last 30 years is due to an improvement in the health of the child population.Much of the change is, however, due to just this.i It is not that there are children with chorea or rickets in ordinary schools-there is no chorea, there is no rickets.Summary A survey was made in 1957 of the reasons given for admission of the 1,325 children in London's schools for the physically handicapped.The diagnoses were coded under the International Statistical Classification (W.H.O., 1957). 93different conditions were recorded.The most common reason for admission was cerebral palsy (312), followed by poliomyelitis (240) and congenital heart dis- case (127).This survey is compared with previous surveys made in 1928, when there were 4,061 children in these schools, and in 1951, when there were 1,657.The incidence of the main groups of diseases in these three surveys is examined.The changes observed-the falling incidence of juvenile rheumatism and non-pulmonary tuberculosis, the rise of cerebral palsy-are discussed and the reasons for the general decline in the numbers in schools for the physically handicapped are examined.Thanks are due to Mr. W.
The Drainage of the Maxillary Sinus: A New Technique
Authors: A. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1936)

DRAINAGE OF THE MAXILLARY SINUSf. rBRn'rirs 12299 symptoms last.It has, however, been found that about eighteen months usually elapse between the first calling in of medical advice and death.In the first male case, therefore, the disease ran an unusually rapid course, death occurring only five months after he first called in his doctor and seven and a half months after being in apparently perfect health. Summary1. Three cases of haemochromatosis are described in all of which the diagnosis.was checked by post-mortem examination.2. A female case was diagnosed as Addison's disease during life, and the difficulties in diagnosis are discussed.
TYPHOID OSTEITIS AND PERIOSTITIS
Authors: D. Y. KEITH
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The frequency of typhoid bone infection is given by fifteen authors as occurring 164 times in 18,840 cases (0.87 per cent of all cases having metastatic infections in the bone). In 700 cases of osteomyelitis, only three were due to typhoid (0.43 per cent of all osteomyelitis). These statistics are rather uncertain, as in many cases the bacteriology is not determined. The occurrence of typhoid bone infection is probably much more frequent than the statistics would indicate, as a great number of the typhoid infections do not suppurate and are never opened. Frequent recurrence of pain, swelling and tenderness of a typhoid bone may result in an ultimate complete cure. Typhoid bone infection is much more frequent in males than in females, because a larger percentage of males have typhoid fever, and a greater frequency of trauma to the osseous system from occupation. It has been known to appear as
The Minnesota Medical Act.
Authors: Perry H. Millard
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In response to the suggestions of many of the profession, permit me to submit to your journal a brief résumé of the work accomplished by the State Board of Medical Examiners of Minnesota in the brief period of their existence, working under the provisions of the present State Medical Practice Act. These statistics are presented trusting they may direct the attention of the profession anew to the benefit to be derived by both the public and profession by efficient medical legislation, and trusting it may further stimulate the profession in securing, at the hands of the respective legislatures, now in session, such legislation as is required to protect both the public and profession. The present Act regulating the practice of medicine in Minnesota, became operative, July 1, 1887, and succeeded the old Act that had been in successful operation for a period of four and a-half years.
Distinct association of genetic variations of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor‐β, and fibroblast growth factor receptors with atopy and airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: H.‐K. Park, H.W. Park, S.G. Jeon, E.‐S. Shin, Y.S. Gho, S.‐H. Cho, Y.‐Y. Kim, Y.‐K. Kim
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Recent studies showed that high levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 in the airways reduced airway responsiveness, which was reversed in conditions of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) deficiency, whereas high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enhanced airway sensitization to allergens and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Objective: We investigated the effect of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VEGF, TGF‐β1, and FGF2 receptors on the expression of atopy and AHR in the general population. Methods: Atopy and AHR were evaluated in a cohort of 2055 children and adolescents. Direct sequencing was used to identify informative SNPs (minor allele frequency &gt;5%) in the receptors of candidate genes. Tagging SNPs were scored using the high‐throughput single‐base pair extension method, and the statistical significance of these scores was assessed via haplotype analysis. Results: Informative SNPs were identified for VEGF receptors 1 ( Flt‐1 ); TGF‐β receptor 3 ( TGFBR3 ); and FGR receptors 1, 2, and 4 ( FGFR1 , FGFR2 , and FGFR4 ), and 13 tagging SNPs were scored in the cohort. Atopy was significantly associated with haplotypes of TGFBR3 , FGFR1 , and FGFR2 . Meanwhile, AHR was significantly associated with haplotypes of Flt‐1 , FGFR1 , and FGFR4 . However, atopy was not associated with genetic variations of Flt‐1 and FGFR4 , whereas AHR not associated with TGFBR3 and FGFR2 . Conclusion: The expression of atopy and AHR is distinctly associated with genetic variations in VEGF, TGF‐β1, and FGFR in the Korean population.
Interaction between asthma and smoking increases the risk of adult airway obstruction
Authors: Marianne Aanerud, Anne-Elie Carsin, Jordi Sunyer, Julia Dratva, Thorarinn Gislason, Deborah Jarvis, Roberto deMarco, Chantal Raherison, Matthias Wjst, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Cecilie Svanes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The aim of the present study was to analyse the interaction between asthma and smoking in the risk of adult airway obstruction, accounting for atopy. In the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, 15 668 persons aged 20-56 years underwent spirometry in 1991-1993 and 9 years later (n=8916). Risk of airway obstruction and lung function decline associated with smoking and early-onset (<10 years of age) and late-onset (>10 years of age) asthma were analysed with generalised estimating equation models and random-effect linear models, adjusting for covariates. Interaction of asthma with smoking was expressed as relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). A 20-fold increase in adult airway obstruction was found among those with early-onset asthma independently of smoking status (never-smokers: OR 21.0, 95% CI 12.7-35; current smokers: OR 23.7, 95% CI 13.9-40.6). Late-onset asthma was associated with airway obstruction, with a stronger association among current smokers (OR 25.6, 95% CI 15.6-41.9) than among never-smokers (OR 11.2, 95% CI 6.8-18.6) (RERI 12.02, 95% CI 1.96-22.07). Stratifying by atopy, the association between smoking and asthma was most pronounced among nonatopics. Early- and late-onset asthma were associated with 10-20-fold increased risk of adult airway obstruction. Smoking increased the risk of adult airway obstruction in subjects with asthma onset after age 10 years. Investigation of measures potentially preventive of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development following asthma is urgently needed.
FUNCTION OF THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM
Authors: Sigurd J. Normann, Earl P. Benditt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Reticuloendothelial clearance of carbon particles is inhibited by injection of heat-aggregated albumin. The possibility that this inhibition might involve a serum component has been explored. Evidence that such a serum factor does participate in carbon clearance inhibition by heat-aggregated albumin derives from the fact that prior treatment of the carbon with homologous serum eliminates the blockade; and also, if serum previously absorbed with carbon is mixed with the carbon particles no restoration of "blockade" by albumin occurs. A method for extracting the component from serum using barium sulfate adsorption is described which allows concentration of the factor and sensitive assay for its presence. It is concluded that while large or multiple carbon injections may bring about a saturation of the phagocytic cell, this saturation masks an underlying factor which protects against acute inhibition of carbon phagocytosis by denatured albumin when subsaturating carbon doses are used.
A CASE OF ACUTE VEGETATIVE ENDOCARDITIS WITH ABSENCE OF HEART MURMUR—NECROPSY.
Authors: JAMES W. WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The interest attached to the following case lies in its rarity as a clinical observation, the value in the frequent and carefully recorded examinations throughout the greater portion of the course of the disease, and in the postmortem findings. Osler, writing of malignant endocarditis, says, "In some instances the most careful examination has failed to discover a murmur" and further "Even on examination there may be no murmur present. Instances are recorded by careful observers, in which the examination of the heart has been negative." DaCosta writes, "Nor is what has been said of endocarditis invariable. If the question be asked 'Can endocarditis occur without a blowing sound?' it must be answered in the affirmative." It is not difficult to understand why the minute vegetations frequently met at autopsy, giving the surface of the valve a roughened appearance, may not give rise to adventitious sounds, but the absence of murmur
Self-Management in Diabetic Children
Authors: Karen S Christensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The level of self-management of 157 type I (juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent) children with diabetes was assessed using a self-management assessment tool developed by the investigator and validated by a panel of diabetes experts. Subjects ranged from 7 to 16 yr and attended the 1981 session of Camp Hertko Hollow, a camp for children with diabetes near Boone, Iowa. The extent of knowledge about diabetes was determined for each subject by the knowledge questionnaire developed and validated by the Diabetes Education Program in Nashville, Tennessee. This knowledge score was then correlated with the self-management score to determine the relationship between the two variables. The t test and regression analysis showed a significant association (P ≤ 0.05) between knowledge and self-management and indicates that children with diabetes are more likely to achieve effective self-management when an adequate knowledge base of the disease also exists.
A National Health Program
Authors: Ralph C. Whaley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest Drs Woolhandler and Himmelstein's<sup>1</sup>commentary; it is clear when one examines the developments of the 20th century, especially in the later portion of the previous decade, that the system that works best for satisfying the needs of the people of the world is characterized by political and economic freedom. The universal characteristic of socialistic systems is that they require compulsion and tyranny. I find it paradoxical that, when socialism has been discredited worldwide, there is such enthusiasm for the socialization of medicine in the United States.
Urokinase could increase the yield of progenitor cells during red cell depletion in elapsed and anticoagulated cord blood
Authors: Young‐Ho Lee, Jin‐Yeong Han, Su‐Yeong Seo, Kyeong‐Hee Kim, Young‐Ah Lee, Hyung‐Sik Lee, Woo‐Joo Hur, Hun Han, Hyuk‐Chan Kwon, Jae‐Seok Kim, Hyo‐Jin Kim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We assessed whether the urokinase could increase the yield of progenitor cells during processing in elapsed, anticoagulated cord blood (CB) after collection, and we also determined the optimal dose of urokinase. The total nucleated cell (TNC) counts after red cell depletion in 48‐hr‐elapsed CB were significantly higher in samples treated with 10,000 and 50,000 IU of urokinase/mL than in untreated samples or treated with 5,000 IU of urokinase/mL. The CD34 + cell counts were significantly higher in samples treated with 10,000 IU of urokinase/mL than in untreated samples and in samples treated with 5,000 or 50,000 IU of urokinase/mL. In 6‐, 12‐, and 24‐hr‐elapsed CB, however, there were no significant differences of TNC, CD34 + cells, or CFU‐GM counts between untreated samples and samples treated with 10,000 IU of urokinase/mL. These findings suggest that the addition of 10,000 IU of urokinase/mL before red cell depletion in 48‐hr‐elapsed, anticoagulated CB could increase the yield of progenitor cells. However, there are no advantages in using urokinase for processing CB prior to 24 hr after collection. Am. J. Hematol. 71:336–339, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.