tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
More than four in 10 women were not offered the choice of a home birth, report says
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The drug industry is "burying its head in the sand" when dealing with health in developing countries and denying poorer people access to life saving drugs, a report claims this week.A critical report by the international agency Oxfam says that the drug industry is refusing to change the way it does business in poor countries, despite promising that it would, and is undermining its own future.Oxfam's report looks at the world's top 12 drug companies, including their drug pricing policies, their record in developing drugs that are relevant to health care in poor countries, and their stance on protecting intellectual property rights.The report says that the industry shows various shortcomings, including:• Failure to implement a systematic and transparent tiered pricing policy that is based on people's ability to pay • Continuing to neglect research and development concerning diseases that affect developing countries, and • Inflexibility in protecting intellectual property, which includes challenging poor countries in court to stop them using legal safeguards to protect public health.Oxfam interviewed 12 companies in preparing the report: Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Wyeth
Consultation opens on children's heart surgery units in England
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Children’s heart surgery units in England that fought a lengthy battle to resist proposals to axe them could be reprieved if they meet standards proposed in a new review by NHS England.1

Three of the 10 services were earmarked for closure under the “Safe and Sustainable” review designed to concentrate surgery for congenital heart disease in fewer, bigger units dealing with more cases. The decision to close units at Leeds, Leicester, and the …
Development of acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1 mutation, in Ph-negative clone, during treatment of CML with imatinib
Authors: G Georgiou, A Efthymiou, I Vardounioti, G Boutsikas, M K Angelopoulou, T P Vassilakopoulos, M-C Kyrtsonis, E Plata, P Tofas, A Bitsani, V Bartzi, I Pessach, M Dimou, P Panayiotidis
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
WMA agrees to refine changes to Declaration of Helsinki
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Disagreement among doctors about the ethics of placebo controlled trials has led the World Medical Association to set up a working group to investigate the issue.

At its meeting in France last week, Dr Delon Human, the association's secretary general, admitted that there had been disagreement over the issue.

Last year the association declared, in revising the Declaration of Helsinki, that any treatment being tested in clinical trials should be …
Prophylactic Endoscopic Sclerotherapy of Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis - Long-Term Follow-Up and Final Results of a Multicenter Prospective Controlled Randomized Trial in Vienna
Authors: R. Pötzi, P. Bauer, R. Schöfl, W. Reichel, E. Kerstan, F. Renner, A. Gangl
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

This study reports the final results of a randomized multicenter trial on prophylactic endoscopic sclerotherapy of large esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Forty-one patients received prophylactic treatment and 41 patients were in the control group. A first analysis 3 years after beginning the study revealed no significant difference in the distribution of the bleeding free intervals between both groups, but indicated a tendency towards longer survival of patients with prophylactic sclerotherapy. The follow-up of patients was continued for an additional 3 years. After this time, 53.7 % of patients in the sclerotherapy group and 39.1 % of patients in the control group were still alive. During the study period of 6 years, variceal bleeding was observed in 31.7 % of patients in the sclerotherapy group and in 36.6 % of patients in the control group. Neither survival nor incidence of bleeding were statistically different between the two groups. The etiology of cirrhosis did not influence the survival.
blockers improve bypass surgery survival rates
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Patients who take β blockers before coronary artery bypass surgery can increase their odds of surviving, a new study says.

The study found that 2.8% of patients who took β blockers before surgery died within a month, compared with 3.4% of patients who did not take the drugs (odds ratio 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.82)).

Patients on β blockers also spent less time on mechanical ventilation after surgery and were less likely to require a follow up operation or to have kidney failure. …
Taxonomic Aspects of Clinical Character Typology
Authors: W. Ehlers, D. Czogalik
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

Whereas clinical character typology is based upon one typological idealized personality description of the same illness model, empirical character typology is concerned with the identification of the different personality structures for the same illness model. We have been able to prove that in a taxonomical analysis (Q-factor analysis) of patients and healthy persons subgroups can be identified whose mean-value profiles justify designation as depressive, compulsive, and hysterical personality. This classification was replicated from a second sample. Through this personality classification it becomes possible to determine the distribution of the three personality structures from a clinical group. The distribution of the personality structure in neurotic depression was 59% for the depressive, 19% for the compulsive, and 22% for the hysterical personality. We were able to prove that they can be characterized by various coping strategies which presumably require different psychotherapeutic interventions.
Ammonia, octanoate and a mercaptan depress regeneration of normal rat liver after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Leslie Zieve, Michael Shekleton, Carolyn Lyftogt, Kay Draves
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Four injections of subcoma doses of ammonium acetate, octanoic acid or dimethyl disulfide during the first 24 hr after two-lobe hepatectomy in normal rats markedly depressed DNA synthesis as reflected by liver thymidine kinase activity or the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into hepatic DNA. Recovery from the depressant effects of the three toxins took 16 to 28 hr. Similar doses of the same toxins injected hourly for 3 or 5 hr after the two-lobe hepatectomy had similar depressant effects on the early peak of ornithine decarboxylase activity measured at 4 or 6 hr. Recovery occurred within 3 hr perhaps because of the very short half-life of ornithine decarboxylase and its rapid regeneration time. These observations may have implications for the lack of regeneration observed in many patients with fulminant hepatic failure who have accumulated sufficient ammonia, methanethiol and fatty acids over periods of days or weeks to become encephalopathic.
Reference values and prediction equations for normal lung function in a non-smoking white urban population.
Authors: C M Roberts, K D MacRae, A J Winning, L Adams, W A Seed
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Prediction equations for normal lung function have been derived from tests on 179 healthy, non-smoking, white urban dwellers. The subjects, 96 women (height 1.46-1.77 m) and 83 men (height 1.61-1.96 m) aged 18-86 years, underwent measurements of spirometric flow and volume, multi-breath helium dilution lung volumes, and single breath carbon monoxide transfer factor and the single breath nitrogen washout test. Regression analysis using height, age, and weight as independent variables was used to provide predicted values for both sexes. Correlation coefficients were similar to those found in previous studies but normal ranges for spirometic measurements were narrower than in many previous studies, and spirometric flow and volume measurements were higher than those obtained in studies that included cigarette smokers, reflecting our more stringent criteria for selecting subjects and the newer standardised technical methods adopted. Multi-breath helium dilution values for total lung capacity were similar to those found in previous studies but the inspiratory vital capacity was larger and the residual volume reduced. Values for carbon monoxide transfer factor and the single breath nitrogen washout did not differ significantly from existing values. A complete set of lung function reference values and prediction equations for both sexes has been derived from a single population. The exclusion of cigarette smokers and subjects with respiratory symptoms has produced values that should have a greater sensitivity in the detection of mild lung disease.
Cardiomyocyte proliferation: paving the way for cardiac regenerative medicine without stem cell transplantation
Authors: C. Ventura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

This editorial refers to 'TWEAK is a positive regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation' by T. Novoyatleva et al., pp.681 -690, this issue.Acute myocardial infarction and inherited cardiomyopathies, due to extensive loss of cardiomyocytes, may progress towards heart failure despite revascularization procedures and pharmacological treatments.Initial studies supported the concept that bone marrow cells may hold the promise of rebuilding the injured heart from its component elements, offering a valid alternative to the ultimate resort of heart transplantation. 1 However, stem cell biology turned out to be considerably more complex than initially expected.Different stem cell populations, including mesenchymal stem cells, adiposeand amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, and cardiac-resident stem cells have been progressively characterized.It is also evident that growth factor secretion from transplanted stem cells may activate angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and antifibrotic paracrine patterning, playing a major role in cardiac repair. 2,3Stem cell growth and differentiation may be subjected to autocrine regulation by secreted growth factors or it may be orchestrated in an intracrine fashion by growth regulatory peptides acting within their cell of synthesis through nuclear receptors and signaling. 4,5On the basis of these intriguing dynamics, it is not surprising that multiple randomized clinical trials with autologous bone marrow cells in acute myocardial infarction yielded modest, transient, or no improvement in cardiac performance. 6 -9 Indeed, cardiovascular commitment and secretion of trophic mediators are extremely lowyield processes in both adult and embryonic stem cells.To this end, cell-based phenotypic-and pathway-specific screens of natural and synthetic compounds are on the way to providing a number of molecules that can achieve selective control of stem cell growth and differentiation. 3,10
Effects of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Neutropenia in Patients with Congenital Agranulocytosis
Authors: M A Bonilla, A P Gillio, M Ruggeiro, N A Kernan, J A Brochstein, M Abboud, L Fumagalli, M Vincent, J L Gabrilove, Karl Welte, Lawrence M Souza, Richard J O'Reilly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Congenital agranulocytosis is a disorder characterized by severe neutropenia and a profound deficiency of identifiable neutrophil progenitors in bone marrow. In an attempt to stimulate neutrophil production and thereby reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease, we administered recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in doses of 3 to 60 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day to five patients with congenital agranulocytosis. In all five patients, an increase in the number of neutrophils was noted eight to nine days after the initiation of the effective dosage (the dose at which the neutrophil count reached 1000 cells per microliter or more and the bone marrow showed granulocyte maturation beyond the myelocyte stage). The absolute neutrophil counts rose from less than 100 to between 1300 and 9500 cells per microliter. Marrow aspirates obtained after 14 days at the effective dosage showed maturation to the mature neutrophil stage. The side effects that were observed were medullary pain, splenomegaly, and an elevation of levels of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase. All five patients have had sustained neutrophil counts of 1000 cells per microliter or more for 9 to 13 months while receiving subcutaneous maintenance therapy. Preexisting chronic infections have resolved clinically, and the number of new infectious episodes and the requirement for intravenous antibiotics have decreased. We conclude that treatment with rhG-CSF can lead to a large increase in the numbers of functional neutrophils in patients with congenital agranulocytosis.
Electrocardiogram of the Normal Mouse, Mus Musculus: General Considerations and Genetic Aspects
Authors: A. N. Goldbarg, H. K. Hellerstein, J. H. Bruell, A. F. Daroczy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Journal Article Electrocardiogram of the Normal Mouse, Mus Musculus: General Considerations and Genetic Aspects Get access Alberto N. Goldbarg, Alberto N. Goldbarg From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Western Reserve University, and the Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herman K. Hellerstein, Herman K. Hellerstein From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Western Reserve University, and the Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jan H. Bruell, Jan H. Bruell From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Western Reserve University, and the Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alex F. Daroczy Alex F. Daroczy † From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Western Reserve University, and the Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. † This work was done in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Medicine (A.F.D.). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 1968, Pages 93–99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/2.1.93 Published: 01 January 1968 Article history Received: 01 May 1967 Published: 01 January 1968
THIORIDAZINE IN THE TREATMENT OF HOSPITALIZED ADOLESCENTS
Authors: DONALD B. RINSLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

1. Twenty adolescent psychiatric inpatients have received 100-800 mgm. total daily doses of thioridazine for varying times over a 2-year period while resident in a dynamically oriented, intensive treatment unit. 2. The use of thioridazine, as part of a more comprehensive plan of active treatment, has benefitted selected patients with anxiety as a basic part of their syndromes by promoting freer interaction with peers and therapeutic staff. 3. The only side effects we could attribute to the drug were a readily reversible parkinsonian syndrome on higher doses (400-800 mgs. total, daily) and subjective somnolence in most patients; the latter appeared not significantly to interfere with the patients' general psychomotor functions. 4. We conclude that both the anxiety-reducing effects of thioridazine plus its exceptionally low incidence of side effects among our patients justifies the conclusion that it is a highly effective neuroleptic agent for adolescent patients under the conditions in which we have used it(6, 7).
Doctors' management should not make things worse for patients
Authors: P. Levack
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Much has been written about the need for “do not resuscitate” orders to be explicitly determined by discussion with patients or their relatives, or both. This has mostly been driven by fear—of litigation (by hospitals), of relatives (that not enough was done), and by patient groups (that some effective treatment was denied). Consequently, trusts have declared that policies based on a controversial document by the BMA, Resuscitation Council, and Royal College of Nursing …
Hedgehog signaling in biliary fibrosis
Authors: Linda E. Greenbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Congenital and acquired diseases of the biliary tree, or cholangiopathies, represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. In late stages of the disease, cholangiocytes can no longer proliferate, resulting in loss of bile ducts, increased fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis and liver failure. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying both cholangiocyte proliferation and fibrogenesis in biliary diseases. In this issue of the JCI, using a myofibroblast-cholangiocyte coculture system and genetically modified mice, Omenetti and colleagues present evidence supporting the importance of paracrine hedgehog signaling between the two cell types and increased expression of mesenchymal markers in cholangiocytes (see the related article beginning on page 3331). These findings set the stage for future studies to further investigate the contribution of hedgehog signaling in both cholangiocyte repair and fibrogenesis in biliary diseases.
Care of the Woman Who Has Been Raped: Correction
Authors: Harriette L. Hampton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: My review on the care of the woman who has been raped (Jan. 26, 1995 issue)1 should have included a citation of “Sexual Assault,” technical bulletin 172 of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,2 on which the second paragraph of the article and Table 1 and Table 2 were based.
STUDIES ON HERPETIC INFECTION IN MICE
Authors: Howard B. Slavin, George Packer Berry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Intranasal instillation of herpes virus in suckling mice results in specific lesions widely distributed in the viscera. The lungs are infected by aspiration of the virus. Virus disseminated by way of the blood establishes itself in endothelium in certain situations where parenchymal lesions result by direct spread from the vascular foci. Evidence of blood-borne infection was found frequently in the liver and spleen, less frequently in the suprarenals, and, in one instance, in the bone marrow. Renal infection appeared to be uriniferous. Lymph carriage of the virus also occurs, and lymph nodes draining infected areas were often found to contain herpetic inclusion bodies. Herpes virus seems incapable of invading the central nervous system of suckling mice by the vascular route.
The Community Hospital and Graduate Medical Education
Authors: John McK. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The medical society of the state of New York celebrated the 80th birthday of Dr. Abraham Jacobi by giving a reception at which a bronze portrait relief of him was unveiled. Perhaps I can best express my own feelings at being the 1964 recipient of the Abraham Jacobi Award by quoting from the address made by Dr. Jacobi on the above occasion.<sup>1</sup>Speaking of those responsible for the reception and the plaque, he said: "Here I am, the beneficiary of their good will and old and young friendships, with nothing left except an old heart full of gratitude and no words sufficient to express it." Dr. Jacobi's address dwelt in large degree on "tasks to be undertaken." Thus, at the age of 80, he was still concerned with the problems of the present and future. He thereby sets a precedent that I shall try to follow in the task
Red blood cell transfusion after PCI was associated with increased mortality, MI, and stroke
Authors: Hitinder S. Gurm, Kim Eagle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Sherwood MW, Wang Y, Curtis JP, Peterson ED, Rao SV. Patterns and outcomes of red blood cell transfusion in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA. 2014;311:836-43. 24570247
FDA's counsel accused of being too close to drug industry
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Daniel Troy, chief counsel to the US Food and Drug Administration, is under fire for inviting drug companies to inform him of lawsuits against them so the FDA could help in their defence. “We can't afford to get involved in every case—we have to pick our shots,” he said, advising them therefore to “make it sound like a Hollywood pitch.”

Congressman Maurice Hinchey of New York charges Mr Troy with a “pattern of collusion” with drug and medical device manufacturers. Mr Hinchey told the BMJ that the FDA had “corrupted its mission to protect the public health” and that Mr Troy “is aggressively intervening against the public on behalf of drug companies and medical device manufacturers.”

Mr Troy's supporters insist that it has been necessary for him to involve himself in court cases to protect the interests of the FDA. The agency says that court plaintiffs are intruding more heavily on the FDA's primary jurisdiction than ever before and it wants to …
Early Pregnancy Termination with Mifepristone and Misoprostol in the United States
Authors: Irving M. Spitz, C. Wayne Bardin, Lauri Benton, Ann Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Mifepristone and a prostaglandin have been used successfully to terminate pregnancy in Europe and China. We report the results of a large U.S. study of mifepristone and misoprostol in women with pregnancies of up to nine weeks' duration.
A quantitative assessment of Langerhans cells in oral mucosal lichen planus and leukoplakia
Authors: ALISON M. RICH, P.C. READE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Quantitative analysis of Langerhans cells stained with OKT6 in the epithelium of 42 patients with oral mucosal lichen planus and 14 patients with oral mucosal leukoplakia showed significantly greater numbers of Langerhans cells in lichen planus. This may reflect the role of Langerhans cells in the pathogenesis of this condition and their identification could help in distinguishing lichen planus from leukoplakia.
Small proline-rich proteins (SPRR) function as SH3 domain ligands, increase resistance to injury and are associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cholangiocytes
Authors: Anthony J. Demetris, Susan Specht, Isao Nozaki, John G. Lunz, Donna Beer Stolz, Noriko Murase, Tong Wu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)