tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Burden of Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Breast Cancer.
Authors: S. Goldfarb, M. Dickler, M. Fruscione, L. Sit, R. Jia, J. Kaplan, T. Barz, T. Atkinson, C. Hudis, E. Basch
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Sexual dysfunction is reported after chemotherapy and endocrine therapies, and causes a substantial burden on women with breast cancer. However, the prevalence and severity of sexual dysfunction in women undergoing therapy for both local and metastatic disease is not well defined. Improved understanding of sexual dysfunction may facilitate enhanced treatment and interventions in patients with breast cancer undergoing active treatment, and in survivors of this disease.Methods: We developed a survey that includes a previously validated questionnaire, the female sexual function index (FSFI), as well as an established measure of health-related quality of life (the EuroQol EQ-5D), and disease-specific items to characterize sexual dysfunction and its causes based on literature review and expert consultations. Anonymous administration of the surveys was conducted in outpatient clinic waiting areas of the Breast Cancer Center at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and two community centers, under an IRB waiver of consent.Results: During November 2008 through May 2009, 509 women undergoing treatment for breast cancer of all stages were each queried once. The mean age was 51 (range 26-91). 87% reported current or past hormonal treatment, and 82% reported current or past chemotherapy (76% adjuvant; 24% for metastatic disease). Sexual dysfunction attributed to breast cancer or its treatment, defined as an FSFI score &amp;lt;26, was reported by 76% of respondents. Among these women, 316/386 (82%) patients considered their sexual symptoms to be bothersome, with 247/386 (64%) noting moderate or severe levels of bother (score &amp;gt;=5/10). Patients attributed their sexual dysfunction to chemotherapy in 318/373 (85%) of cases; to hormonal therapy in 221/298 (74%) of cases; and to surgery in 331/442 (66%) of cases. Other reported contributors to sexual dysfunction include a new diagnosis of breast cancer by 81% of respondents, anxiety by 82% of respondents, and change in relationship with a partner by 55% of respondents.Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction is prevalent in women treated for breast cancer and should be discussed with patients as a potential adverse effect of therapy. Assessment of sexual symptoms throughout treatment and beyond may facilitate the use of potential interventions such as lubricants, dilators, treatment modification, topical estrogens, and counseling. Future work includes a longitudinal prospective trial to further characterize the etiologies of these symptoms and a randomized controlled trial to evaluate interventions for sexual dysfunction. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1056.
Pulmonary function in healthy young adult Indians in Madras.
Authors: V K Vijayan, K V Kuppurao, P Venkatesan, K Sankaran, R Prabhakar
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, functional residual capacity, residual volume, total lung capacity, and single breath diffusing capacity measurements (effective alveolar volume, carbon monoxide transfer factor, and transfer coefficient) were measured in 247 young healthy adults (130 male, 117 female) aged 15-40 years living in Madras. Subjects were of Dravidian stock, living at sea level with rice as their staple diet. Regression equations were derived for men and women for predicting normal pulmonary function for young adults in South India. The values were similar to those reported for subjects from Western India and lower than those reported for North Indians and caucasians.
573 HEPATITIS B VIRUS X PROTEIN (HBX) PROMOTES HEPATIC FIBROSIS THROUGH AN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX DISTORTION MODULATED BY METALLOPROTEINASE-2
Authors: Y. Rodriguez-Munoz, S. Martin-Vichez, P. Sanz-Cameno, M. Lopez-Cabrera, R. Moreno-Otero, E. Lara-Pezzi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Overcoming reprogramming resistance of Fanconi anemia cells
Authors: Lars U. W. Müller, Michael D. Milsom, Chad E. Harris, Rutesh Vyas, Kristina M. Brumme, Kalindi Parmar, Lisa A. Moreau, Axel Schambach, In-Hyun Park, Wendy B. London, Kelly Strait, Thorsten Schlaeger, Alexander L. DeVine, Elke Grassman, Alan D'Andrea, George Q. Daley, David A. Williams
Journal: Blood (2012)
Radiological pseudotumour in chronic ulcerative colitis.
Authors: B N Brooke, D Cave
Journal: BMJ (1973)

seriously irresponsible conduct on the part of the patient and requires or is susceptible to medical treatment") was clearly applic- able in the case of this patient.It followed therefore that as the conduct was caused by brain damage, the Act required the classi- fication to be that of "psychopathic disorder" and not "mental illness," with the conse- quences which are set out in your corre- spondent's article.I seriously doubt whether any mental disorder which is a disability of the mind caused by brain damage can be classified as "mental illness" for the purposes of the Act.This would not prevent a classification of "mental illness" if such a patient suffered from some secondary disorder also (such as.dementia), amounting to mental illness.The position of a patient who suffers from mental illness which results in "seriously irresponsible conduct," etc., is unclear, having regard to the watertight compartments laid down in section 4. It is difficult to see how a classification of "mental ill- ness" in such a case could be faulted.-Iam, etc.,
Frequency and spectrum of c-Ki-ras mutations in human sporadic colon carcinoma, carcinomas arising in ulcerative colitis, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Authors: G C Burmer, P S Rabinovitch, L A Loeb
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Sporadic colon carcinomas, carcinomas arising in chronic ulcerative colitis, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas have been analyzed for the presence of c-Ki-ras mutations by a combination of histological enrichment, cell sorting, polymerase chain reaction, and direct sequencing. Although 60% (37/61) of sporadic colon carcinomas contained mutations in codon 12, only 1 of 17 specimens of dysplasia or carcinoma from ulcerative colitis patients contained c-Ki-ras mutations, despite a high frequency of aneuploid tumors. In contrast, a higher percentage (16/20 = 80%) of pancreatic adenocarcinomas contained mutations in c-Ki-ras 2, despite a lower frequency of DNA aneuploidy in these neoplasms. Moreover, the spectrum of mutations differed between sporadic colon carcinoma, where the predominant mutation was a G to A transition, and pancreatic carcinomas, which predominantly contained G to C or T transversions. These results suggest that the etiology of ras mutations is different in these three human neoplasms.
Exposure to second-hand smoke: a population-based survey in Spain
Authors: M. Pérez-Ríos, M. I. Santiago-Pérez, B. Alonso, A. Malvar, X. Hervada
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

describing the unusual presentation of this condition in a Caucasian female, the first case described in Ireland.A 48-yr-old female attended outpatient clinic for her fifth annual asthma review.She had experienced four infective exacerbations in the previous 12 months and reported recent large-volume sputum production, associated with worsening dyspnoea on exertion.Computed tomography (CT) thorax scan revealed bronchiectasis.The patient was treated over the subsequent 3 yrs for exacerbations of asthma and bronchiectasis.
Quality Assurance for Office Laboratories
Authors: Stephen R. Pitts
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the review by Belsey et al<sup>1</sup>in the Feb 14 issue ofThe Journal, which mentions under "Technical Implications" that the new office laboratory will require practitioners to adopt the role of laboratory director, with all its dreary quality control trappings. I am an emergency room (ER) physician and at the time was looking for documentation of the usefulness of clue cells in the diagnosis of<i>Gardnerella</i>vaginitis (or "anaerobic vaginosis") to present to the hospital laboratory director, since we have not been allowed a microscope in the ER (because of quality control considerations, among others). I was hoping to have the presence of clue cells included in each vaginal wet preparation report. An hour's worth of telephone calls and a trip to the medical school library revealed the following paradoxical information. Of 11 hospital laboratories telephoned in the area, all with
CMA's proposals reopen debate over public and private practice
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Reactions have been rapid to proposals from the outgoing president of the Canadian Medical Association that would allow doctors to work outside as well as inside the publicly funded national healthcare system, reviving a longstanding debate about “two tier medicine.”

Colin McMillan was reported in the Globe and Mail as saying that the issue has been simmering among doctors for the past two years and he wanted merely to “get it on the public discussion level” (www.theglobeandmail.com, 1 Aug, “Debate among doctors builds over CMA health-care proposal”). …
Immediate and short-term effects of aortic balloon valvuloplasty on left ventricular diastolic function and filling in humans
Authors: Marcus F. Stoddard, Michel G. Vandormael, Anthony C. Pearson, Chalapathirao Gudipati, Morton J. Kern, Ubeydullah Deligonul, Arthur J. Labovitz, Denise Mrosek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Increased Congenital Heart Defects in Children Born to Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Évelyne Vinet, Christian A. Pineau, Susan Scott, Ann E. Clarke, Robert W. Platt, Sasha Bernatsky
Journal: Circulation (2014)

In a large population-based study, we aimed to determine whether children born to women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in comparison with children born to women without SLE.The Offspring of SLE Mothers Registry (OSLER) includes all women who had ≥1 hospitalization for delivery after SLE diagnosis, identified through Quebec's healthcare databases (1989-2009), and a randomly selected control group of women, matched ≥4:1 for age and year of delivery. We identified children born live to SLE mothers and their matched controls, and ascertained CHD based on ≥1 hospitalization or physician visit with relevant diagnostic codes, within the first 12 months of life. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses, using the generalized estimating equation method, to adjust for relevant covariates. Five hundred nine women with SLE had 719 children, whereas 5824 matched controls had 8493 children. In comparison with controls, children born to women with SLE experienced more CHD (5.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.7-7.1] versus 1.9% [95% CI, 1.6-2.2], difference 3.3% [95% CI, 1.9-5.2]). In multivariable analyses, children born to women with SLE had a substantially increased risk of CHD (odds ratio, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.77-3.88) in comparison with controls. In addition, in comparison with controls, offspring of SLE mothers had a substantially increased risk of having a CHD repair procedure (odds ratio, 5.82; 95% CI, 1.77-19.09).In comparison with children from the general population, children born to women with SLE have an increased risk of CHD, and an increased risk of having a CHD repair procedure, as well.
Serum antioxidant vitamins and risk of cataract.
Authors: P. Knekt, M. Heliovaara, A. Rissanen, A. Aromaa, R. K. Aaran
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Testis differentiation is initiated when <i>Sry</i> in pre-Sertoli cells directs the gonad toward a male-specific fate. Sertoli cells are essential for testis development, but cell types within the interstitial compartment, such as immune and endothelial cells, are also critical for organ formation. Our previous work implicated macrophages in fetal testis morphogenesis, but little is known about genes underlying immune cell development during organogenesis. Here we examine the role of the immune-associated genes <i>Mafb</i> and <i>Maf</i> in mouse fetal gonad development, and we demonstrate that deletion of these genes leads to aberrant hematopoiesis manifested by supernumerary gonadal monocytes. <i>Mafb</i>;<i>Maf</i> double knockout embryos underwent initial gonadal sex determination normally, but exhibited testicular hypervascularization, testis cord formation defects, Leydig cell deficit, and a reduced number of germ cells. In general, <i>Mafb</i> and <i>Maf</i> alone were dispensable for gonad development; however, when both genes were deleted, we observed significant defects in testicular morphogenesis, indicating that <i>Mafb</i> and <i>Maf</i> work redundantly during testis differentiation. These results demonstrate previously unappreciated roles for <i>Mafb</i> and <i>Maf</i> in immune and vascular development and highlight the importance of interstitial cells in gonadal differentiation. <h3>Summary statement</h3> Deletion of <i>Mafb</i> and <i>Maf</i> genes leads to supernumerary monocytes in fetal mouse gonads, resulting in vascular, morphogenetic, and differentiation defects during testicular organogenesis.
CHA2DS2-VASC VERSUS CHADS2 FOR STROKE RISK ASSESSMENT IN LOW-RISK PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: DATA FROM NCDR-PINNACLE REGISTRY
Authors: Chatchawan Piyaskulkaew, Tejwant Singh, Susan Szpunar, Howard S. Rosman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Detection of carcinogen-DNA adducts in human fetal tissues by the 32P-postlabeling procedure.
Authors: C Hansen, I Asmussen, H Autrup
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Tobacco smoke contains a number of genotoxic compounds that are metabolized to their biologically active forms that subsequently react with cellular DNA to form covalently bound carcinogen-DNA adducts. Several analytical procedures have been developed to detect these adducts in human tissues. Using the nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling procedure for bulky adducts, we have detected at least 24 adducts in DNA isolated from placenta and umbilical cord DNA. Adducts were detected in both smokers and nonsmokers, but the relative adduct level (RAL) was significantly higher in smokers (42.8, 8 cases) than in nonsmokers (19.7, 11 cases). The origin of the adducts in nonsmokers remains unknown. The adduct levels in artery DNA were significantly lower than in the vein and the placenta, and a paired nonparametric analysis showed a significant association between the adduct levels in the three tissues. Our results show a maternal transfer of carcinogens present in cigarette smoke to fetal tissues and show that the tissues can metabolize the carcinogens to their DNA binding metabolites. The presence of adducts in fetal tissues may be indicative of genomic damage and may predispose the individual for the development of a serious disease later in life.
SHEET MICA IN BRAIN SURGERY
Authors: Evan O'Neill Kane
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Referring to the article on "Repair of Dural and Brain Defects" by Drs. Halstead and Caylor (The Journal, April 26), permit me to call attention to the value of sheet mica (stove isinglass) for this purpose. I once published an article on the subject pointing out the superiority of this (mineral glass) to others as a covering for exposed and damaged brain tissue. Sheet mica can be obtained at any hardware store or, in emergency, removed from the glass windows of heating stoves. It can be split to any amount of thickness from a solid block to that of the thinnest tissue paper. It is smoother than glass; absolutely nonirritant, indestructible, nonadherent to the tissues: a window for observation of the part on which it is applied; is elastic and difficult to break, and can be cut with scissors into whatever size or shape required. Not least
Prevention of Early-Morning Hyperglycemia in IDDM Patients With Long-Acting Zinc Insulin
Authors: Mario Parillo, Antonio Mura, Ciro Iovine, Angela A Rivellese, Mario Lavicoli, Gabriele Riccardi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective — To evaluate whether an insulin regimen with a long-acting zinc insulin (Ultratard HM) could help control fasting hyperglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. Research Design And Methods — A randomized sequential crossover trial with 6-wk treatment periods was used. Ten IDDM patients from the diabetes clinic at the Medical School who had persistent fasting hyperglycemia (&amp;gt; 10 mmol/L) were studied. Patients with nocturnal hypoglycemia were excluded. All patients completed the study. Insulin regimens consisted of three daily injections of a short-acting insulin (Actrapid HM) before meals and either a long-acting zinc insulin (Ultratard HM) or an intermediate isophane insulin (Protaphane HM) before the evening meal. Each regimen was followed for 6 wk. Results — Fasting blood glucose levels (at 06:00 and 08:00) were significantly lower after the long-acting insulin regimen (6.26 ± 0.88 vs. 10.82 ± 4.27 mM, P &amp;lt; 0.05 and 9.26 ± 1.02 vs. 14.03 ± 1.08 mM, &amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). Plasma-free insulin levels mirrored blood glucose concentrations because they were significantly higher at 06:00 and 08:00 after the long-acting insulin regimen (49.5 ± 10.1 vs. 20.1 ± 4.3 pM, P &amp;lt; 0.05 and 31.6 ± 5.0 vs. 16.5 ± 3.4 pM, P &amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). At any other time of the day, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were not significantly different with either one of the two insulin regimens. Conclusions — A long-acting zinc human insulin injected before the evening meal can help to control persistent fasting hyperglycemia in IDDM patients.
FDA works with US health insurers to identify drug problems
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The US Food and Drug Administration is joining with health insurance companies to try to identify adverse drug events faster.

At present the FDA relies on voluntary reporting of problems by doctors, drug companies, and the public.

Doctors and patients have been calling for a better reporting system after well publicised problems with some drugs, such as rofecoxib (Vioxx), which was withdrawn in September 2004 (BMJ 2004;329:816; doi: 10.1136/bmj.329.7470.816-a); rosiglitazone (Avandia); and antidepressants in children and teenagers.

Health insurance companies, such …
A STUDY OF THE PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF THE PANCREAS IN NINETY CASES OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Russell L. Cecil
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

1. Anatomical lesions of the pancreas occur in more than seven-eighths of all cases of diabetes mellitus. 2. In diabetes associated with lesions of the pancreas, the islands of Langerhans constantly show pathological changes (sclerosis, hyaline degeneration, infiltration with leucocytes and hypertrophy). 3. In some cases of pancreatic diabetes (twelve of ninety cases) the lesion of the pancreas is limited to the islands of Langerhans. 4. In sixteen cases of diabetes associated with hyaline degeneration of the islands of Langerhans the average duration of the disease has been three and a half years; in forty-six cases with sclerosis of these bodies, three years and eleven months. In six cases of diabetes associated with an infiltration of leucocytes about the islands of Langerhans the average duration has been eleven months. 5. Destructive lesions of the islands of Langerhans may be associated with compensatory hypertrophy of other interacinar islands. 6. Peculiar adenoma-like hypertrophy of the islands of Langerhans occurs in a small proportion of cases (seven of ninety) and may be associated with adenomata of the thyroid gland (two cases) and of the pituitary body (one case). 7. Diabetes mellitus occurring in association with haemochromatosis (bronzed diabetes) is referable to pigmentation and destruction of the islands of Langerhans. 8. The pancreas is found to exhibit no pathological changes in twelve per cent. of cases. In approximately one-half of these cases it has been noted that the size of the gland or the number of islands is much less than normal. 9. Fifty per cent. of cases of diabetes mellitus occurring before the age of thirty years are associated with lesions of the pancreas; seventy-five per cent. of all cases of diabetes in which the pancreas is normal occur before the age of thirty years. Ninety-seven per cent. of cases of diabetes occurring after the age of thirty years are associated with lesions of the pancreas; and eighty-six per cent. occur in association with chronic interacinar pancreatitis accompanying arteriosclerosis. 10. Interacinar pancreatitis which occurs in seventy-three per cent. of all cases of diabetes is almost constantly associated with arteriosclerosis: gangrene of the extremities, which occurs with one-fourth of all cases of interacinar pancreatitis, is doubtless referable to the same cause. 11. Chronic interlobular pancreatitis, when associated with diabetes, is accompanied by sclerosis or hyaline degeneration of the islands of Langerhans. 12. Diabetes in association with myxoedema or with exophthalmic goiter may be referable to a lesion of the pancreas, namely, chronic interacinar inflammation with sclerosis of the islands of Langerhans; diabetes in association with acromegaly may be referable to a lesion of the islands of Langerhans, namely, sclerosis and hyaline degeneration with adenoma-like hypertrophy.
STUDIES ON THE MATURATION OF MYELOBLASTS INTO MYELOCYTES AND ON AMITOTIC CELL DIVISION IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN SUBACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUCEMIA
Authors: F. R. Sabin, C. R. Austrian, R. S. Cunningham, C. A. Doan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

1. Myeloblasts can be discriminated in the supravital technique by the great numbers of tiny mitochondria in the cytoplasm and the absence of any other vitally stainable substance. 2. There are three stages in the maturation of myelocytes. 3. These three phases can be correlated with three types of the oxidase reaction. 4. One case of myeloblastic leucemia showed such an amount of an abnormal type of amitosis as to suggest the disordered cell division of neoplasms. 5. In this case transfusions were correlated with a maturation of myeloblasts into myelocytes, with an increase of the oxidase reaction, and with an increase in amitosis.
Glyceryl trinitrate did not improve functional outcome in patients with acute stroke and high BP
Authors: Graeme J. Hankey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation ENOS Trial Investigators. Efficacy of nitric oxide, with or without continuing antihypertensive treatment, for management of high blood pressure in acute stroke (ENOS): a partial-factorial randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385:617-28. 25465108
Celiac Disease Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Daniel Leffler
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Celiac disease is one of the most prevalent autoimmune gastrointestinal disorders, but as the case of Ms J illustrates, diagnosis is often delayed or missed. Based on serologic studies, the prevalence of celiac disease in many populations is estimated to be approximately 1% and has been increasing steadily over the last 50 years. Evaluation for celiac disease is generally straightforward and uses commonly available serologic tests; however, the signs and symptoms of celiac disease are nonspecific and highly heterogeneous, making diagnosis difficult. Although celiac disease is often considered a mild disorder treatable with simple dietary changes, in reality celiac disease imparts considerable risks, including reduced bone mineral density, impaired quality of life, and increased overall mortality. In addition, a gluten-free diet is highly burdensome and can profoundly affect patients and their families. For these reasons, care of individuals with celiac disease requires prompt diagnosis and ongoing multidisciplinary management.