tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congestive heart failure--acute pulmonary edema
Authors: L. R. Sataline
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  In their paper, Congestive Heart Failure—Acute Pulmonary Edema ( 208 :1895, 1969), Burch and De Pasquale made several therapeutic recommendations which merit additional comment, I believe.  The use of intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) devices may often be life saving in the patient rendered hypoxic by the pulmonary congestion. But pulmonary obstruction may be intensified by the froth of the edema, and in this situation, the addition of 90% ethyl alcohol by nebulization greatly reduces the foaming. 1 It must be remembered, however, that the administration of high concentrations of oxygen by any means can be lethal for patients with underlying pulmonary insufficiency and must be used with great caution.  In the majority of patients digoxin might be preferable to deslanoside. The onset of action of digoxin is comparable to deslanoside, and later, the need to change to another digitalis preparation for maintenance is obviated with digoxin. Deslanoside and
HEALING OF MUSCLE TO FIBROUS TISSUE
Authors: Arthur E. Hertzler
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Several articles have appeared recently, dealing with healing of muscle to fibrous tissue. Many years ago I did experiments involving this problem; the divergence of results is due to the fact that the authors are not dealing with the same thing. Seelig and Chouke (Fundamental Factor in Recurrence of Inguinal Hernia,<i>Arch. Surg</i>.<b>7</b>:553 [Nov.] 1923) and Seelig (Fundamental Principles Underlying the Operative Cure of Inguinal Hernia,The Journal, Feb. 19, 1927, p. 529) find that there is no union between muscles and fibrous tissue, while Koontz (<i>Surg. Gynec. Obst</i>.<b>42</b>:222 [Feb.] 1926) finds that there is union. Both are right. Several fundamental factors in wound healing must be kept in mind. Fibrous tissue alone can form a union. Any fat-bearing tissue prevents healing because fibrin bundles cannot form in the presence of fat. Muscle fibers do not heal; it is only the perimysium that
THE EVOLUTION OF MEDICINE AND NEW METHODS OF MEDICAL TEACHING.
Authors: R. O. BEARD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The time was, and but recently, when the history of medicine was regarded as the classic introduction to a text book upon medical practice. It was the subject of a regular course of lectures in many institutions of medical learning and, in some, it was even assigned to the guardianship of a distinct chair. With the rapid growth of the medical sciences and with the multiplication of essential branches of instruction, it has been crowded out of the curriculum. Whether wisely or unwisely, in but a very few schools is its study still maintained. This is a loss certainly, and one to be deplored, if the student of medicine does not acquire that loving reverence for his calling which will lead him to investigate its past; if he has not sufficient taste for the literature of his profession to win him to make its history a voluntary part of his
501. AAV6 Pseudotyped Double-Stranded-AAV Vectors Allow Adenoviral-Like Transduction and Brute-Force Integration in the Growing Mouse
Authors: Ognjen Petras, Timothy J. Davern, Marcus O. Muench, Xiaodong Han
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: Vectors based on the recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) permit safe and effective gene therapy in a variety of animal disease models. However, the majority of rAAVs in current use suffer inadequacies from the perspective of integration, in-vivo transduction efficiency, and in-vivo kinetics. Most rAAVs in current use are based on single-stranded AAV (ssAAV) genomes and AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) capsids. Since the AAV2 capsid and ssAAV genome limit in vivo rAAV capabilities by different mechanisms, we hypothesized that a double-stranded AAV vector with an efficient non-AAV2 serotype could rapidly and globally transduce large populations of cells in vivo. Furthermore, we anticipated that saturating the nuclei of dividing cells with high numbers of vector genomes would allow efficient, |[ldquo]|brute force|[rdquo]| integration in vivo.
UROLOGIC PROBLEMS OF THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER, SURGEON AND INTERNIST
Authors: ROBERT V. DAY
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>KIDNEY FUNCTION</h3> One not infrequently encounters frank complaint by the surgeon and others that the phenolsulphonephthalein test has, in their experience, proved unreliable and misleading. Almost always the error has been due to inaccurate collection of the urine to be tested for its dye content. Unquestionably, the most valuable and reliable single method of determining kidney function is by the employment of phenolsulphonephthalein. If the output is definitely below normal, it should be supplemented by data on the nonprotein nitrogen content of the blood—either blood urea or total nonprotein nitrogen—and often creatinin. If the appearance time and percentage output of phenolsulphonephthalein are normal, there will be no increase in the total nonprotein nitrogen in the blood. On the other hand, the blood chemistry findings may be quite within normal limits and yet the phenolsulphonephthalein output be markedly lowered, usually for the reason that the protein intake is small, and with
Personal History of Prostate Cancer and Increased Risk of Incident Melanoma in the United States
Authors: Wen-Qing Li, Abrar A. Qureshi, Jing Ma, Alisa M. Goldstein, Edward L. Giovannucci, Meir J. Stampfer, Jiali Han
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose Steroid hormones, particularly androgens, play a major role in prostatic carcinogenesis. Personal history of severe acne, a surrogate for higher androgen activity, has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa), and one recent study indicated that severe teenage acne was a novel risk factor for melanoma. These findings suggest a possible relationship between PCa and risk of melanoma. We prospectively evaluated this association among US men. Methods A total of 42,372 participants in the Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 1986 to 2010) were included. Biennially self-reported PCa diagnosis was confirmed using pathology reports. Diagnosis of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) was self-reported biennially, and diagnosis of melanoma was pathologically confirmed. We sought to confirm the association in 18,603 participants from the Physicians' Health Study (PHS; 1982 to 1998). Results We identified 539 melanomas in the HPFS. Personal history of PCa was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.54). Although we also detected a marginally increased risk of NMSC associated with PCa (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.995 to 1.16), the difference in the magnitude of the association between melanoma and NMSC was significant (P for heterogeneity = .002). We did not find an altered risk of melanoma associated with personal history of other cancers. The association between PCa and risk of incident melanoma was confirmed in the PHS (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.12 to 4.21). Conclusion Personal history of PCa is associated with an increased risk of melanoma, which may not be entirely a result of greater medical scrutiny.
A Remembrance of Blair
Authors: Max H. Parrott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

MY FIRST association with Blair Henningsgaard, MD, was in organized medicine at the state level in the year 1957. He represented Clatsop County on the Oregon State Medical Society Board of Trustees and was soon to become the Speaker of the Oregon House of Delegates. I became president of the Oregon State Medical Society from 1960 to 1961, and Blair followed in the succeeding term. This brought us into a close personal relationship and friendship that endured until his death in August 1980. During our early association Oregon set up an action group, which became known as the Oregon Medical Political Action Committee (OMPAC). This was done either slightly ahead of or simultaneously with the American Medical Association's establishment of American Medical Political Action Committee (AMPAC). As state medical society officers, Blair and I were primary instigators of this activity, and each served about five years on the initial board
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Promotes Survival and Supports Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Middle-Aged Mice
Authors: Giuseppe D'Antona, Maurizio Ragni, Annalisa Cardile, Laura Tedesco, Marta Dossena, Flavia Bruttini, Francesca Caliaro, Giovanni Corsetti, Roberto Bottinelli, Michele O. Carruba, Alessandra Valerio, Enzo Nisoli
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
A common polymorphism acts as an intragenic modifier of mutant p53 behaviour
Authors: Maria Carmen Marin, Christine A. Jost, Louise A. Brooks, Meredith S. Irwin, Jenny O'Nions, John A. Tidy, Nick James, Jane M. McGregor, Catherine A. Harwood, Isik G. Yulug, Karen H. Vousden, Martin J. Allday, Barry Gusterson, Shuntaro Ikawa, Philip W. Hinds, Tim Crook, William G. Kaelin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Paradoxical worsening of pemphigus vulgaris following rituximab therapy
Authors: R.J. Feldman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Paradoxical worsening of pemphigus vulgaris following rituximab therapy Get access R.J. Feldman R.J. Feldman Department of Dermatology Emory University 1525 Clifton Rd 1st floor Atlanta GA 30322 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 3, 1 September 2015, Pages 858–859, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13823 Published: 01 September 2015
Abstract 1597: Expression of caPCNA and antineoplastic action of caPeptides in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Fei Shen, Robert Hickey, Jasmine Kamran, Elizabeth A. Phipps, Linda H. Malkas
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our laboratory previously reported the identification of an acidic isoform of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (caPCNA) in various cancer cells, which appears to be associated, at least in part, with malignant transformation of cells. The current studies show the expression of caPCNA in BXPC-3, Paca-2 and Capan-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Since Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is involved in DNA replication and repair in prokaryote and eukaryote cells, we hypothesize that caPCNA is likely to perform similar functions specifically in cancer cells. Antibodies developed against caPCNA showed growth inhibition activity in cancer cells suggesting caPCNA is related to the proliferation of malignant cells. In order to begin to understand the function of caPCNA in cellular malignant transformation, we have investigated the interaction of caPCNA with its binding partners including flap structure-specific endonuclease 1(Fen-1) and xeroderma pimentosum complementation group G (XPG). We have identified an amino acid domain sequence that confers the cancer cell specificity of caPCNA. In the course of our studies we synthesized small caPCNA related peptides (caPeptides) derived from this sequence that promote cancer cell cytotoxicity. caPeptides have the potential ability to compete with several cellular proteins that participate in DNA replication, repair, cell cycle control, transcription, and chromosomal recombination for their naturally occurring binding site on caPCNA and block binding of full length caPCNA to these proteins. The disruption of the interaction between caPCNA and its binding proteins prevents cancer cellular functions (vital cellular machinery) that recruit caPCNA and therefore may lead caPCNA-derived peptides to be cytotoxic by themselves or in combination with cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. These peptides, either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents are potentially useful cancer chemotherapeutics or augmentors of the pharmacodynamic effect of specific anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Our results show that these peptides demonstrate promising growth inhibition and cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. Considering that pancreatic cancer is well known for its high mortality rate due to its chemotherapy ineffectiveness our studies render further investigations on the action of caPCNA and the anti-neoplastic mechanism of the peptides in pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1597.
Eltrombopag inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cells via reduction of intracellular iron and induction of differentiation
Authors: Michael Roth, Britta Will, Guillermo Simkin, Swathi Narayanagari, Laura Barreyro, Boris Bartholdy, Roni Tamari, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Amit Verma, Ulrich Steidl
Journal: Blood (2012)
PWE-210 Endobronchial videoscope for transesophageal/transgastric EUS-FNA in special situations: a novel tool for the gastrointestinal endosonographer
Authors: S Chatterjee, K Oppong
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophageal strictures/narrowing pose a distinct challenge during linear pancreatico-biliary endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination as the linear echoendoscope has a relatively rigid tip, large diameter and is oblique viewing. Significant oesophageal narrowing may therefore preclude linear EUS guided fine needle aspiration (FNA). The ultrasonic endobronchial videoscope (EBUS) has a much thinner diameter but, is considerably shorter and does not have air insufflation. It may however be of use in scenarios when there is oesophageal narrowing.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Methods</h3> We report the retrospective assessment of our experience of using the EBUS scope to characterise and FNA pancreatic and mediastinal lesions that were unsuitable for EUS examination using the linear echoendoscope. Our unit performs in excess of 750 pancreaticobiliary EUS examination a year. <h3>Results</h3> Patient 1: 76-year-old man presented with mass in body of pancreas. He had an oesophageal stricture which impeded passage of a linear echoendoscope (Pentax EG-3870UTK). The Pentax endo-bronchial videoscope EB-1970OUK (EBUS) was used, which passed the stricture easily. EUS demonstrated multiple hypoechoic lesions. Tissue elastography revealed a blue predominant pattern with elevated strain ratio suggesting malignancy. FNA confirmed metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Patient 2: 63-yr-old female presented with progressive dyspnoea, dysphagia and stridor. CT showed massive mediastinal lymphadenopathy compressing the airway (over 13 cm) and the oesophagus. The length of compression meant an airway stent was not feasible. EUS-FNA was requested to obtain tissue to assess suitability for chemo-radiotherapy. The linear echoendoscope would not pass. EBUS scope documented massive mediastinal lymphadenopathy. FNA confirmed high grade neuroendocrine/small cell carcinoma. Patient 3: A 72-year-old gentleman presented with inoperable pancreatic malignancy based on CT scan abdomen. EUS-FNA was requested prior to initiation of chemotherapy. The linear echoendoscope would not pass the narrowed gastro-oesophageal junction probably secondary to achalasia. The EBUS scope was negotiated. There was a 27 mm mass in the body of pancreas extending posteriorly and involving the portal vein confluence. FNA was successfully obtained. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We report the successful usage of EBUS scope to examine abnormalities inaccessible to the standard linear echoendoscope. This work stresses the need to adopt new technologies to enhance the available diagnostic strategies for our patients. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Buxbaum JL</b>, Eloubeidi MA. Transgastric endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration in patients with esophageal narrowing using the ultrasonic bronchovideoscope. <i>Dis Esophagus</i> 2011;<b>24</b>:458–61.
Differences in Clinical Trial Patient Attributes and Outcomes According to Enrollment Setting
Authors: Elizabeth B. Lamont, Mary Beth Landrum, Nancy L. Keating, Laura Archer, Lan Lan, Gary M. Strauss, Rogerio Lilenbaum, Harvey B. Niell, L. Herbert Maurer, Michael P. Kosty, Antonius A. Miller, Gerald H. Clamon, Anthony D. Elias, Edward F. McClay, Everett E. Vokes, Barbara J. McNeil
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose During the last 25 years, National Cancer Institute (NCI) cooperative trial groups have extended trial networks from academic centers to include certain community and Veterans Health Administration (VHA) centers. We compared trial patients' attributes and outcomes by these enrollment settings. Patients and Methods Studying 2,708 patients on one of 10 cooperative group, randomized lung trials at 272 institutions, we compared patient attributes by enrollment setting (ie, academic, community, and VHA affiliates). We used adjusted Cox regression to evaluate for survival differences by setting. Results Main member institutions enrolled 44% of patients; community affiliates enrolled 44%; and VHAs enrolled 12%. Patient attributes (ie, case-mix) of age, ethnicity, sex, and performance status varied by enrollment setting. After analysis was adjusted for patient case-mix, no mortality differences by enrollment setting were noted. Conclusion Although trial patients with primarily advanced-stage lung cancer from nonacademic centers were older and had worse performance statuses than those from academic centers, survival did not differ by enrollment setting after analysis accounted for patient heterogeneity. An answer for whether long-term outcomes for patients at community and VHA centers affiliated with cooperative trial groups are equivalent to those at academic centers when care is delivered through NCI trials requires additional research among patients with longer survival horizons.
Problems in Psychopharmacological Research
Authors: Richard D. Chessick
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Psychopharmacology, or the study of drugs that affect man's behavior, is a new science which is afflicted by confusion, contradiction, and inadequate research. This paper is to familiarize the physician with difficulties which occur in the field, to serve toward raising the general level of experimentation, and to facilitate the evaluation of  research reports so as to avoid the indiscriminate use of psychopharmacologic agents. If the nature of the variables drug and human are considered in detail, it is found that certain statistical and experimental design techniques must be meticulously followed for the results of the experiment to be trusted.
Recent advances: Neurology
Authors: A J Larner, S F Farmer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Most neurological problems are dealt with by general practitioners and hospital physicians, not by neurologists. 1 Neurological disorders account for 10%-20% of acute hospital admissions.Around 10% of the adult population consult their general practitioner each year with neurological symptoms, but of these less than 10% are referred to hospital clinics.Developments in the management of neurological disorders are therefore relevant to doctors without specialist neurological training. MethodsWe identified references by regular reading of general medical and neurological journals, from searching the electronic literature (Medline, BIDS), and through discussion with general practitioners and neurological colleagues with specialist interests.The final selection of papers was partly subjective.
Inhibition of platelet function in thrombosis.
Authors: A J Marcus, L B Safier, H L Ullman, M J Broekman, N Islam, T D Oglesby, R R Gorman, J W Ward
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence indicates that a time for reappraisal of therapeutic modalities designed to inhibit the eicosanoid pathway as it may affect vascular disease may be approaching. Pharmacologic agents originally used were chosen because they were capable of suppressing platelet functions such as aggregation, release, and adhesion. The goals of clinical trials were to evaluate medications that would prevent or reduce platelet accumulation in critically located blood vessels of the heart, brain, and extremities and on vascular prostheses. Evaluation of results of therapeutic trials has been difficult and this is superimposed on less-than-complete knowledge of the basic pharmacology of the drugs that have been used. Participation of neutrophils and possibly macrophages in the thrombotic process is now well recognized on morphologic grounds. Because different cell types such as platelets, neutrophils, and endothelial cells have been shown to interact biochemically by sharing precursors and intermediates of the eicosanoid pathway, the pharmacologic approach to inhibition of vascular disease may require reevaluation. Neutrophils appear to lack a cyclooxygenase pathway but serve as a source of the lipoxygenase product leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Actions of LTB4 include neutrophil aggregation, adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells, chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and plasma exudation. We have demonstrated in vitro that released free arachidonic acid from aspirin-treated platelets can serve as a source of neutrophil LTB4. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 are agonists for various functions of vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. Most pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of vascular diseases inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prospective Evaluation of a Patient with<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>Infection Transmitted by Transfusion
Authors: David A. Leiby, Bruce A. Lenes, Melinda A. Tibbals, Marilee T. Tames-Olmedo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas' disease, is endemic in Latin America, with 16 million to 18 million people infected.1 The parasite is transmitted naturally by a triatome insect, but it can also be transmitted by blood transfusion. Despite recent studies in the United States that identified T. cruzi–seropositive blood donors,2,3 most of whom came from countries where the parasite is endemic, only three cases of transfusion-transmitted T. cruzi infection have been reported to date.3 In December 1997, during a research study, we identified a 60-year-old woman with multiple myeloma who was unintentionally transfused . . .