tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C virus persistence in human hematopoietic cells injected into SCID mice
Authors: Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Marie-Anne Loriot, Valérie Thiers, Yves Grignon, Anna Linda Zignego, Christian Bréchot
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The issue of infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has potentially important implications, but is still debated. We have used the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model to test for the persistence of HCV in PBMC. Hematopoietic cells isolated from 14 subjects infected by HCV were inoculated intraperitoneally into SCID mice. Serum and blood cell samples from these mice were obtained with a mean follow-up of 8 weeks. As controls, human fibroblasts and sheep PBMC, preincubated with a human HCV-positive serum, were inoculated concomitantly into mice and analyzed. HCV-RNA positive strands were detected in 7 of 26 serum samples and 8 of 26 cell fractions from SCID mice inoculated with HCV-positive PBMC, after 8 weeks of follow-up. In contrast, no HCV RNA was detectable in the 10 control mice. HCV-RNA negative strands were detected in only 2 of 10 tested samples from 2 mice, and both positive mice had been inoculated with PBMC from HCV-positive subjects with malignant hematopoietic syndrome. Our study offers strong evidence for the persistence of HCV infection in mononuclear cells. Our results are also consistent with a low rate of HCV multiplication. This SCID mouse model might therefore be useful in analyzing the mechanisms of HCV persistence in mononuclear cells.
Thyroid Function in Patients with Serum Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator.
Authors: T. D. R. Hockaday
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Thyroid Function in Patients with Serum Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator.T. D. R. Hockaday, M.R.C.P., D. el Kabir, D.Phil.T. D. R. Hockaday, M.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, D. el Kabir, D.Phil.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1144_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBlood was taken from all the 365 patients on whom diagnostic radioactive iodine studies were performed in Oxford during 1966 and the unextracted serum assayed for long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) by a modification of the McKenzie bioassay.LATS was detected in 20 patients, while 80 of the 365 had thyroid overactivity by both the radioactive iodine study and clinical examination combined with other thyroid function tests. Seventy of the nontoxic patients had clinical evidence of nodular goiters. On comparison of the 3 groups of patients, those with detectable LATS, those with thyrotoxicity and no LATS detected, and those with nontoxic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: T. D. R. Hockaday, M.R.C.P.; D. el Kabir, D.Phil.Affiliations: Oxford, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1144-1144KeywordsBioassays and physiological analysisBloodThyroid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Electrocardiography During Pericardiocentesis
Authors: DAVID H. SPODICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1977Electrocardiography During PericardiocentesisDAVID H. SPODICK, M.D., D.SC.DAVID H. SPODICK, M.D., D.SC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-6-791_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Chandraratna and colleagues (Ann Intern Med87:199-200, 1977) nicely presents a useful technique for pericardiocentesis. I wish to take exception, however, to the statement that electrocardiographic monitoring of pericardial puncture is "routinely used." The authors mention that ECG changes may not be evident when the exploring needle penetrates the myocardium, and indeed they penetrated the right ventricle without any ST segment changes or extrasystoles in the precordial lead (but of course extrasystole would be seen in either a precordial lead or intrapericardial lead). Work on dogs showed this to be true also for the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID H. SPODICK, M.D., D.SC.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1977Volume 87, Issue 6Page: 791-791KeywordsElectrocardiographyMyocardiumRight ventricle ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Evaluation of the usefulness of lymphocyte proliferation assays in the diagnosis of allergy to cow's milk
Authors: Kristina M. Hoffman, Deborah G. Ho, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)

The significance of cell-mediated mechanisms in IgE-mediated milk allergy (IgE-MA) and in milk-induced enterocolitis syndrome (ME) is controversial. Some investigators have claimed that lymphocyte proliferation assays are useful in the diagnosis of food hypersensitivity, despite the great variability in study designs and results reported. This study was undertaken to address many of these variables and to determine whether lymphocyte proliferation assays correlate with clinical diagnoses.Lymphocyte proliferative responses to milk antigen were evaluated in two groups of children, 27 with IgE-MA, and nine with ME and in 21 pediatric control subjects. IgE-mediated food allergy was documented by positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges and positive skin prick test results. ME was diagnosed by oral challenge or by a history of repeated episodes of delayed vomiting (>2 hours) after ingestion of milk and by negative skin prick test responses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured. Cultures stimulated with milk (the food antigen of interest), soy antigen (a nonrelevant food antigen), or tetanus antigen (a positive control antigen) and unstimulated controls were performed in quadruplicate. On days 5, 7, and 9, cells were pulsed with tritium-labeled thymidine and incubated for 4 hours. Results were compared as counts per minute (cpm) and as stimulation indices (SIs).Maximal proliferation was generally seen on day 7. The median cpm (20,941) and the median SI (19.2) in response to milk antigen in the 27 children with IgE-MA were significantly greater than those in the control patients (6969 cpm; SI = 14.2; p = 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). However, the ranges were large and overlapped extensively (IgE-MA, 5616 to 52,053 cpm; controls, 469 to 39,260 cpm). The non-soy-allergic patients with IgE-MA also had a significantly greater response to soy antigen than did the control subjects when cpm were compared (0.01 < p < 0.05). There were no differences in background or in response to tetanus antigen. The median response to milk in the patients with ME (11,975 cpm) was significantly greater than that in control subjects (6969 cpm; 0.01 < p < 0.05), when cpm were compared but not when SIs were compared. There were no significant differences between the patients with IgE-MA and those with ME.Overall, these results indicate that lymphocyte proliferation assays are neither diagnostic nor predictive of clinical reactivity in individual patients with milk allergy. Lymphocytes of many control patients are highly responsive to milk antigens, and lymphocytes of many patients with milk allergy are not. Statistically significant differences are only evident when the patients are compared as groups.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Blockade Augments the Effectiveness of Adoptive T-Cell Therapy of Established Solid Cancers
Authors: Africa Wallace, Veena Kapoor, Jing Sun, Paul Mrass, Wolfgang Weninger, Daniel F. Heitjan, Carl June, Larry R. Kaiser, Leona E. Ling, Steven M. Albelda
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Adoptive cellular immunotherapy is a promising approach to eradicate established tumors. However, a significant hurdle in the success of cellular immunotherapy involves recently identified mechanisms of immune suppression on cytotoxic T cells at the effector phase. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the most important of these immunosuppressive factors because it affects both T-cell and macrophage functions. We thus hypothesized that systemic blockade of TGF-β signaling combined with adoptive T-cell transfer would enhance the effectiveness of the therapy. Experimental Design: Flank tumors were generated in mice using the chicken ovalbumin–expressing thymoma cell line, EG7. Splenocytes from transgenic OT-1 mice (whose CD8 T cells recognize an immunodominant peptide in chicken ovalbumin) were activated in vitro and adoptively transferred into mice bearing large tumors in the presence or absence of an orally available TGF-β receptor-I kinase blocker (SM16). Results: We observed markedly smaller tumors in the group receiving the combination of SM16 chow and adoptive transfer. Additional investigation revealed that TGF-β receptor blockade increased the persistence of adoptively transferred T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes, increased numbers of adoptively transferred T cells within tumors, increased activation of these infiltrating T cells, and altered the tumor microenvironment with a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α and decrease in arginase mRNA expression. Conclusions: We found that systemic blockade of TGF-β receptor activity augmented the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred T cells and may thus be a useful adjunct in future clinical trials.
DNA-polycation nanospheres as non-viral gene delivery vehicles
Authors: K.W Leong, H.-Q Mao, V.L Truong-Le, K Roy, S.M Walsh, J.T August
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1998)

Nanospheres synthesized by salt-induced complex coacervation of cDNA and polycations such as gelatin and chitosan were evaluated as gene delivery vehicles. DNA-nanospheres in the size range of 200–750 nm could transfect a variety of cell lines. Although the transfection efficiency of the nanospheres was typically lower than that of lipofectamine and calcium phosphate controls in cell culture, the β-gal expression in muscle of BALB/c mice was higher and more sustained than that achieved by naked DNA and lipofectamine complexes. This gene delivery system has several attractive features: (1) ligands can be conjugated to the nanosphere for targeting or stimulating receptor-mediated endocytosis; (2) lysosomolytic agents can be incorporated to reduce degradation of the DNA in the endosomal and lysosomal compartments; (3) other bioactive agents or multiple plasmids can be co-encapsulated; (4) bioavailability of the DNA can be improved because of protection from serum nuclease degradation by the polymeric matrix; (5) the nanosphere can be lyophilized for storage without loss of bioactivity.
The Low Anion Gap
Authors: Michael Emmett
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  Paraproteinemias, bromism, and severe hypermagnesemia are uncommon but life-threatening disorders that unequivocally and often strikingly reduce the anion gap.1,2Hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, and random laboratory error occur far more frequently and also lower the anion gap.2,3Most physicians would comfortably predict that any patient with a persistently low anion gap most likely has either a low serum sodium or low serum albumin concentration.  Goldstein et al (1980;243:1737) reviewed 67,740 sets of electrolytes—ie, they assayed more than 0.25 million ions and proved that hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, and something less than perfect results in routine electrolyte analyses were more commonly responsible for a low anion gap than were myeloma, bromism, and hypermagnesemia. No one denies that the latter three diseases are uncommon, but by the same token, no one can deny that these uncommon diseases usually lower the anion gap. Contrary to the title of the authors' work, there
Remarks on Yellow Fever in Jamaica
Authors: J. Cargill
Journal: BMJ (1898)

On January 22nd the pulse was 84.He had had a bad niglt, sleep dis- turbed by hiccough, and gi-eat weakness present.The lips and tonlgue were brown and thirst insatiable; the heart sounds were extremely feeble.Intense prostration, restlessness, and insomnia were present, and feel- ings of constriction around the chest were complained of, which friction with brandy dissipated.In the evening the pulse was 84.Next morning the pulse was 92, He had had no sleep during the night, hiccough being continuous and weakness appalling; hematemesis also occurred.The colour of the skin seemed to become a lighter yellow, and to fade slightly from the conjunctivie.The pulse in the evening was 96.Sulphonal as well as bromides were given without result.On January 24th the pulse was Io8.The body was vel-y cold and diffi- cult to warm.Hiccough was extremely troublesome and tongue and lips were black.A hiamorrlrage buist from the mouth, and about 4 drachms of acid albuminous urine were passed voluntarily.Stimulants were taken every quarter of an hour, and consciousness remained up to five minutes before death, which occurred at 5 P.M.At 4 P.M. the temperature was 98.50, pulse I04, and respirations 48.
Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas: a cause-effect relationship?
Authors: Melpomeni Peppa, Eleni Boutati, Chrysi Koliaki, Nasos Papaefstathiou, Efstathios Garoflos, Theofanis Economopoulos, Dimitrios Hadjidakis, Sotirios A. Raptis
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
The neurochemistry of learning and memory.
Authors: A J Dunn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The neurochemical basis of memory has been approached experimentally in four different ways: the bioassay; the interventive approach; the interventive-correlative approach; and the correlative approach. These approaches are fundamentally similar to those used for the study of the chemistry of any behavior. Each of these approaches has serious limitations, and significant progress has only been made by combinations of more than one. I shall discuss each of these approaches in turn.
Abstract 3046: Differential microRNA patterns in prostate carcinoma cells after single and fractionated radiation
Authors: Molykutty J. Aryankalayil, Sanjeewani T. Palayoor, David Cerna, C. Norman Coleman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our previous mRNA microarray analysis showed that fractionated radiation induced more differentially expressed genes compared to single dose radiation in PC3 and DU145 cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of non-coding small RNAs capable of regulating gene expression at the translational level. To understand the role of miRNAs in regulation of radiation-induced gene expression patterns, we studied the expression levels of miRNAs by microarray analysis in prostate cancer cells. Methods: PC3 and DU145 cells were exposed to 5 Gy and 10Gy either as a single dose radiation or multi-fractionated (0.5Gyx10 and 1Gyx10) radiation. RNA was extracted at 24h after the final dose of radiation and miRNA microarray analysis was done using Agilent human miRNA Microarray Kit (V2). The chip contains probes for 723 human and 76 human viral microRNAs from the Sanger database v.10.1. Data were analyzed using GeneSpring software (Agilent technologies). Results: Of the total 723 miRNAs represented in the array, 141 miRNAs were differentially expressed (&amp;gt; 1.5 fold change) by the 4 radiation protocols. Significant difference in the miRNA expression pattern was noted between the two cell lines. The number of radiation - induced miRNAs was higher in PC3 cells than in DU145 cells. In PC3 cells fractionated radiation resulted in more down regulated miRNAs compared to single dose radiation. In our previous study immune response genes were significantly up regulated by fractionated radiation in PC3 cells but not in DU145 cells. In the present study Mir-146a was significantly up regulated in DU145 cells after fractionated radiation but not in PC3 cells suggesting an inverse correlation between the differential expression of mir-146a and immune response genes in both cell lines. This study also demonstrated significant differences in let-7 family of miRNAs in the two cell lines and also between single and fractionated radiation. In PC3 cells, 8 of the let-7 miRNAs were upregulated after fractionated radiation whereas in DU145 cells they were either downregulated or not changed. Conclusion: Fractionated radiation resulted in expression of more number of miRNAs compared to single dose radiation. We are currently in the process of evaluating radiation-induced differential gene expression changes by a combined approach of mRNA, miRNA and protein array analysis to identify radiation induced molecular targets for cancer therapy. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3046.
Proposed Modification of the Foreign-Physician Program
Authors: Edward Kirsch
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE ESTABLISHMENT by the American Medical Association of the Dec. 31, 1960, deadline, after which graduates of foreign medical schools, who have not been certified by the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG), can no longer serve as interns or residents in programs approved by the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals, has received much critical comment by foreign medical graduates and medical staffs in many American hospitals. The establishment of special educational programs for the noncertified graduates so that they may continue their medical education in the United States until June 30, 1961, is on a temporary basis, and does not resolve the problems confronting the affected foreign medical graduate and hospitals after that date. <h3>1960 Statistics</h3> Statistics published in the Oct. 8, 1960, issue of The Journal are revealing. Almost 9,500 foreign physicians were in training in American hospitals in the academic year 1959-1960, and they
Squamous Cancer of the Tongue
Authors: R. H. Spiro
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1985)

Early squamous carcinoma of the tongue (stage I) can be effectively treated by surgery or radiation therapy with good results. In patients with larger, but apparently localized tumors (stage II), we now favor a staging operation (supraomohyoid neck dissection) to select those who require additional treatment directed to the neck. Our preference for patients with advanced tumors (stage III and IV) has shifted to mandible-sparing surgery whenever possible, in combination with postoperative radiation therapy. Using this approach, locoregional tumor control has improved while the morbidity of extraradical surgery and high-dosage radiation therapy has been avoided. This approach may not translate into longer survival times until effective chemotherapy is available to control distant metastases. Meanwhile, there is a need for both public and professional education to increase the proportion of early, curable lesions and promote the necessary changes in lifestyle (i.e., abstinence from alcohol and tobacco) to reduce the incidence of tongue and other cancers of the aerodigestive tract.
World Kidney Day
Authors: Allan J. Collins, William G. Couser, John H. Dirks, Joel D. Kopple, Thomas Reiser, Miguel C. Riella, Sheila Robinson, Sudhir V. Shah, Anne Wilson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

The world needs a Kidney Day to draw global attention to the increasing global pandemic of kidney and associated cardiovascular disease. Therefore the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations (IFKF) are jointly proposing that a World Kidney Day
Drugs for resuscitation after cardiac arrest
Authors: B. S. Abella
Journal: BMJ (2010)

CPR and defibrillation are higher priorities

Sudden cardiac arrest, in which cardiac output abruptly ceases, is one of the most time sensitive disease processes in medicine. When a lethal cardiac arrhythmia results in the cessation of blood flow, mortality increases about 5-10% for every minute without treatment.1

This year is the 50th anniversary of modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).2 The current approach to sudden cardiac arrest involves the “chain of survival” paradigm,3 a stepwise set of actions that includes prompt recognition of arrest and notification of the emergency medical system, immediate delivery of CPR, electrical defibrillation if appropriate, and rapid delivery of the patient to healthcare professionals who can administer advanced cardiac life support. Advanced cardiac life support involves the use of airway adjuncts, ventilation with supplemental oxygen, and the administration of drugs such as adrenaline, atropine, or amiodarone.

Cohort studies suggest that immediate CPR doubles the likelihood of survival to hospital discharge compared with delaying CPR until the arrival of trained rescuers.4 CPR is highly accessible—it can be administered by laypeople and healthcare professionals. People can …
WITHDRAWN: Point Prevalence Survey of Antibiotic Use in 10 Scottish Hospitals: The Glasgow Antimicrobial Audit Tool
Authors: A.R. McKenzie, C.M. Mclaughlin, D. Nathwani, D. Reynolds, E. Douglas, E. Lamont, H. Ziglam, K. Beard, P. Button, R.A. Seaton, S. Dundas, Y. Gourlay
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
Coexistent Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers Treated by Vagotomy and Pyloroplasty
Authors: Lester R. Dragstedt
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Patients with coexistent duodenal and gastric ulcers were found to display the hypersecretion of gastric juice in the fasting empty stomach characteristic of the duodenal ulcer patient. This finding supports the view that the duodenal ulcer occurs first and produces pyloric stenosis with stasis of food in the stomach and a secondary gastric ulcer. The gastric ulcer is probably caused by hypersecretion due in part to prolonged contact of food with the antral mucosa and resultant release of gastrin. Gastric vagotomy combined with pyloroplasty or gastroenterostomy produced healing of both lesions.
Diseases of the Rectum and Colon and Their Surgical Treatment
Authors: Jerome Morley Lynch
Journal: JAMA (1935)

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