tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural evidence suggesting an immunomodulatory activity of oral retinoid.
Authors: D. TSAMBAOS, C.E. ORFANOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

The effects of the aromatic retinoid RO 10-9359 on the fine structure of psoriatic dermis were investigated by electron microscopy in five patients after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of treatment (I mg/kg/day). Our findings show that aromatic retinoid, additionally to its epidermal effects, exerts a distinct influence on dermal components in psoriasis. Ultrastructural evidence is provided suggesting that this drug stimulates lymphocytes and monocytes, promoting their differentiation into Sézary-like lymphocytic cells, activated macrophages and dermal Langerhans cells. The appearance of these immunocompetent cell lines may modulate the cell-mediated immune response in psoriasis, obviously reflecting a pharmacological action of the drug additional to its definite influence on epidermal keratinization.
Effect of illicit direct to consumer advertising on use of etanercept, mometasone, and tegaserod in Canada: controlled longitudinal study
Authors: M. R Law, S. R Majumdar, S. B Soumerai
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the impact of direct to consumer advertising of prescription drugs in the United States on Canadian prescribing rates for three heavily marketed drugs—etanercept, mometasone, and tegaserod. <b>Design</b> Controlled quasi-experimental study using interrupted time series analysis. <b>Population</b> Representative sample of 2700 Canadian pharmacies and prescription data from 50 US Medicaid programmes. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Differences in number of filled prescriptions per 10 000 population per month between English speaking and French speaking (control) Canadian provinces before and after the start of direct to consumer advertising in the United States. <b>Results</b> Spending on direct to consumer advertising for study drugs ranged from $194m to $314m (£104m-£169m; €131m-€212m) over the study period. Prescription rates for etanercept and mometasone did not increase in English speaking provinces relative to French speaking controls after the start of direct to consumer advertising. In contrast, tegaserod prescriptions increased 42% (0.56 prescriptions/10 000 residents, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.76) in English speaking provinces immediately after the start of US direct to consumer advertising. Uncontrolled analysis of US Medicaid data showed a larger 56% increase in tegaserod prescriptions. However, this increase did not persist over time in either country, despite continued advertising. <b>Conclusions</b> Exposure to US direct to consumer advertising transiently influenced both Canadian and US prescribing rates for tegaserod, a drug later withdrawn owing to safety concerns. The impact of direct to consumer advertising on drug use seems to be highly variable and probably depends on the characteristics of the advertised drug, the level of exposure to direct to consumer advertising, and the cultural context.
HEALTH HABITS IN A WOMAN'S COLLEGE
Authors: WILLIAM R. P. EMERSON
Journal: JAMA (1928)

For a number of years I have been collecting data with regard to health habits, and have compiled a list of twenty questions which have proved useful in ascertaing the health status of individuals and of groups. In addition to answering these twenty questions, the persons under study have been asked to mark themselves on their own health, using the rates of excellent, fair plus, fair, fair minus and poor. The agreement between the results of these general estimates and the averages worked out by means of the answers to the twenty questions has been very striking, as has also the correction of both of these with the indexes showing the relation of weight to height. In general, good health habits result in good health and bad habits in poor health. A change in habits one way or another leads to a better or worse condition of health, as the
No Man Alone: A Neurosurgeon's Life
Authors: William C. Gibson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This is a great book—heartwarming, full of surprises and candor—the story of an idea, of a pioneer bringing laboratory science to the bedside and to the operating room. Wilder Penfield traces his life, from his birthplace in Spokane, Wash, to Wisconsin to Princeton to Oxford in the heyday of Sir Charles Sherrington and Sir William Osler. Convalescing at Osler's home, "The Open Arms," after being torpedoed in the Channel in 1916, Penfield gives an unequaled first-hand picture of the great teacher. Graduation from Johns Hopkins, a surgical internship at the Brigham, and a return to Sherrington's laboratory and to neurology at Queen Square set the stage for a pathophysiologist turned clinician. After he was launched on a surgical career at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York by that wise clinician Allen Whipple, the restless Penfield and his family spent a productive six months in Madrid learning the metallic staining techniques
Hierarchical Clustering of Human Papilloma Virus Genotype Patterns in the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study
Authors: Nicolas Wentzensen, Lauren E. Wilson, Cosette M. Wheeler, Joseph D. Carreon, Patti E. Gravitt, Mark Schiffman, Philip E. Castle
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Anogenital cancers are associated with ∼13 carcinogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) types in a broader group that cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Multiple concurrent cervical HPV infections are common, which complicates the attribution of HPV types to different grades of CIN. Here we report the analysis of HPV genotype patterns in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance–low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion triage study with the use of unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Women who underwent colposcopy at baseline (n = 2,780) were grouped into 20 disease categories based on histology and cytology. Disease groups and HPV genotypes were clustered with the use of complete linkage. Risk of 2-year cumulative CIN3+, viral load, colposcopic impression, and age were compared between disease groups and major clusters. Hierarchical clustering yielded four major disease clusters: cluster 1 included all CIN3 histology with abnormal cytology; cluster 2 included CIN3 histology with normal cytology and combinations with either CIN2 or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology; cluster 3 included older women with normal or low-grade histology/cytology and low viral load; and cluster 4 included younger women with low-grade histology/cytology, multiple infections, and the highest viral load. Three major groups of HPV genotypes were identified: group 1 included only HPV16; group 2 included nine carcinogenic types, plus noncarcinogenic HPV53 and HPV66; and group 3 included noncarcinogenic types, plus carcinogenic HPV33 and HPV45. Clustering results suggested that colposcopy missed a prevalent precancer in many women with no biopsy/normal histology and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. This result was confirmed by an elevated 2-year risk of CIN3+ in these groups. Our novel approach to study multiple genotype infections in cervical disease with the use of unsupervised hierarchical clustering can address complex genotype distributions on a population level. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8578–86. ©2010 AACR.
Associations of PM10 and airborne iron with respiratory health of adults living near a steel factory.
Authors: A Dusseldorp, H Kruize, B Brunekreef, P Hofschreuder, G de Meer, A B van Oudvorst
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The association between daily PM10 (particles with a median aerodynamic diameter of < or = 10 microns) and iron particle concentrations and respiratory health was studied in a population of adults selected for current or recent bronchodilator use. Acute changes in respiratory health were measured as changes in peak expiratory flow (PEF), and daily prevalence of respiratory symptoms and medication use as recorded in a diary. The study period was October 11 through December 22, 1993. The study population included 32 adults living near a large steel industry in Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands. During the study period, 24-h average PM10 concentrations in Wijk aan Zee ranged from 36 to 137 micrograms/m3 while the 24-h average concentrations of iron, silicon, sodium, and manganese ranged from approximately zero to 6.95, 1.84, 12.02, and 0.37 micrograms/m3 respectively. The steel industry was found to contribute significantly to the PM10 concentrations, and especially to the iron and manganese concentrations in the air. The association of changes in respiratory health with changes in PM10, iron, sodium, and silicon was evaluated using a time series approach. A statistically significant decrease in PEF was found to be associated with increasing PM10 concentrations. Stronger associations were found for smokers than for nonsmokers, and for subjects reporting many chronic respiratory symptoms than for subjects reporting few such symptoms. Increased concentrations of iron tended to be associated with a decline in PEF, with a lag of 2 to 3 d, although the association did not reach statistical significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures—Reply
Authors: Brendan J. McCullough, Richard A. Deyo, Jeffrey G. Jarvik
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Teaching Medical Students Interactional Skills
Authors: Arnold Werner, John M. Schneider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract To teach first-year medical students to communicate and interact with patients more effectively, we designed and evaluated a course that uses recent developments in communication technics. The students' goals included identification of selected doctor–patient interactions, recognition and description of their feelings and reactions to the interview, and learning new ways of responding in the interview setting. The student requires no prior knowledge of clinical medicine but gains actual interview experience. Instructors are trained to use uniform teaching strategies. By pre-course and post-course testing and by evaluating videotaped interviews, we have examined behavioral changes in student performance as a function of the course. The results indicate that students become more aware of their responses to patients and their impact on the doctor–patient relationship. They also learn to use new types of responses and behaviors with patients. (N Engl J Med 290:1232–1237, 1974)
Interdependence of Modulated Dispersion and Tissue Structure in the Mechanism of Unidirectional Block
Authors: Kenneth R. Laurita, David S. Rosenbaum
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —We previously showed that a premature stimulus can significantly alter vulnerability to arrhythmias by modulating spatial gradients of ventricular repolarization (ie, modulated dispersion). However, it is not clear if such changes in arrhythmia vulnerability can be attributed to the formation of an electrophysiological substrate for unidirectional block and what the potential role is of tissue structure in this process. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to examine the concomitant effect repolarization gradients and tissue structure have on unidirectional block. Optical action potentials were recorded from 128 ventricular sites (1 cm 2 ) in 8 Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts. Propagation was confined to the epicardial surface using an endocardial cryoablation procedure, and a 12-mm barrier with a 1.5-mm isthmus was etched with a laser onto the epicardium. A premature stimulus (S2) was delivered over a range of S1S2 coupling intervals to modulate repolarization gradients in a predictable fashion. When a second premature stimulus (S3) was delivered from the center of the isthmus, the occurrence and orientation of unidirectional block were highly dependent on repolarization gradients created by the S2 beat. In this model, a local repolarization gradient of 3.2 ms/mm was required for unidirectional block at this isthmus. In addition, the formation of unidirectional block was critically dependent on the presence of the source-sink mismatch imposed by the isthmus. These results may explain how the interplay between spatial heterogeneities of repolarization and tissue structure form a substrate for unidirectional block and reentry.
Plasma Organochlorines and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer in Japanese Men: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Norie Sawada, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Hiroaki Itoh, Shizuka Sasazuki, Taiki Yamaji, Taichi Shimazu, Shoichiro Tsugane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Although accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may contribute to the development of prostate cancer, few investigations have used biological samples to classify exposure to specific organochlorines. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to investigate the association between blood levels of organochlorines and prostate cancer risk.We conducted a nested case-control study using data from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective (JPHC) Study. A total of 14,203 men 40-69 years old who returned the baseline questionnaire and who provided blood samples were followed from 1990 to 2005. Using a mean follow-up period of 12.8 years, we identified 201 participants who were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer. Two matched controls for each case were selected from the cohort. We used a conditional logistic regression model to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prostate cancer in relation to plasma levels of nine organochlorines: PCBs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), trans- and cis-nonachlor, oxychlordane, and mirex.No statistically significant association with total prostate cancer was seen for any plasma organochlorine, although we did observe an insignificant inverse association for plasma HCB and beta-HCH. Total PCB in plasma was also inversely associated with advanced prostate cancer but without statistical significance.Our results suggest that no overall association exists between prostate cancer and organochlorines at the levels measured in our study population.
NOTES ON THREE CASES OF TETANUS
Authors: R. I. Douglas, C. H. Corbett
Journal: BMJ (1917)

_T~N ,-1l7 I__ICLJO if not carried cput in the field units, On accouint of certnaini circumi1stances in a batch of 200woonnded, thoy are carried ouit in comurnnDication 100 only received a prophlylactic injection.This series fur L.J tP o v A units.Ho wishes all to be impressed rnishec a. sinigle case of tetantus, and in this case-tetanus began w with this.on the day of the injection, so that one could not say that the injection had a chance to exercise any prophylactic action.It was not, howcwcvr, uinitil about the One may thierefore say the incidence was zero.middle of October that thie practice In the seconid batel of 100, which presented wounds com- of prophylac¢ic inoctilation was intro..Parable to the previous batchl but received no injection, there _duced on anything lik a complete were 18 cases of tetanus -that is to say, 18 per cent.* " _ _ _ scale, and it was at this tim-e thjat tlhe Kummell also, in the Berlin.kin.Woch., comes to thle :: 28 _ _ _ remarkable fall in the incideuice of same conclusions.He says that thjo picture of tetanus g7
Book Review Reemergence of Established Pathogens in the 21st Century (Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century.) Edited by I.W. Fong and Karl Drlica. 367 pp., illustrated. New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2003. $139.50. 0-306-47500-6
Authors: James M. Hughes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Participatory research maximises community and lay involvement
Authors: A. C Macaulay, L. E Commanda, W. L Freeman, N. Gibson, M. L McCabe, C. M Robbins, P. L Twohig
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Participatory research attempts to negotiate a balance between developing valid generalisable knowledge and benefiting the community that is being researched and to improve research protocols by incorporating the knowledge and expertise of community members. For many types of research in specific communities, these goals can best be met by the community and researcher collaborating in the research as equals.

#### Summary points

The knowledge, expertise, and resources of the involved community are often key to successful research

Three primary features of participatory research include collaboration, mutual education, and acting on results developed from research questions that are relevant to the community

Participatory research is based on a mutually respectful partnership between researchers and communities

Partnerships are strengthened by joint development of research agreements for the design, implementation, analysis, and dissemination of results

Results of participatory research both have local applicability and are transferable to other communities

This integrative review is based on a search of medical, nursing, and social science databases and ethical research codes. The material selected had to be significant theoretical works, source documents, or concrete examples of participatory research. We assessed the texts on the basis of our own experiences as members of Native communities (LEC, MLMcC, CMR) and researchers (WLF, NG, ACM, MLMcC, PLT) in participatory research projects. The preliminary draft was reviewed by a wide range of researchers and community members. The members of the North American Primary Care Research Group reviewed and accepted the final draft as a ploicy statement for participatory research This article summarises that document (the full document can be found at http://views.vcu.edu/views/fap/napcrg98/exec.html).

Participatory research began as a movement for social justice in international development settings.1 It was developed to help improve social and economic conditions, to effect change, and to reduce the distrust of the people being studied.2 Although different …
Porous titanium granules in critical size defects of rabbit tibia with or without membranes
Authors: Rafael Arcesio Delgado-Ruiz, Jose Luis Calvo-Guirado, Marcus Abboud, Maria Piedad Ramirez-Fernández, Jose Eduardo Maté-Sánchez, Bruno Negri, Alex Won, Georgios Romanos
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2014)

Recently, porous titanium granules (PTGs) have been indicated for the preservation of the dimensions of post-extraction sockets, as a filler in sinus lift procedures and for the treatment of peri-implant and periodontal defects, based on the osteoconductivity and dimensional stability of the titanium granules. However, there is a lack of information regarding the use of this material in larger defects and in conjunction with membranes. The objective of this study is to test the behavior of PTGs used to fill critical size defects in rabbit tibiae, with and without membranes. Critical defects were created in both tibiae of rabbits, divided randomly into three groups: Group A (defect filled with PTG), Group B (defect filled with PTG+collagen membrane) and a control group (empty defect). After six weeks, histomorphometric analysis was performed. The results showed more defect closures at the cortical area (87.37%±2.2%) and more bone formation at the marrow area (57.6%±1.3%) in Group B, in comparison with the other groups (P<0.05); the use of membranes improved the material stability expressed as more percentages of the original material when membranes were used (P<0.05). Finally, inflammatory reactions were observed when the granules were not protected by membranes. In spite of the limitations of this animal study, it may be concluded that PTG particles are osteoconductive and allow bone growth. The PTG particles must be covered by a membrane, especially when grafting larger defects, in order to control particle migration, promote clot stabilization and separate the PTG graft from undesired soft tissue cells. Porous titanium granules (PTGs) that support growth of new bone could provide a robust scaffold for dental and skeletal repair. As a truly natural replacement, a patient's own bone tissue seems ideal for such procedures, but bone implants tend to degrade so artificial materials may be more desirable for some applications. PTGs are sturdy and allow colonization by bone cells. Researchers led by Rafael Delgado-Ruiz of Stony Brook University in the USA tested the capacity of PTGs to mediate bone repair in rabbits. Six weeks after implantation, animals that received implants showed closure of bone defects and extensive growth of new bone relative to controls. Recovery was greatly improved by enclosure of the PTGs within a membrane. Unenclosed PTGs tended to exit the bone defect, leading to incomplete repair and an inflammatory response.
Doctors, unethical treatment, and turning a blind eye
Authors: C. Bass, H. Baum, M. Baum, N. Beard, D. Brahams, I. Chalmers, B. Dixon, J. Garrow, A. Goodfellow, V. Marks, M. O'Donnell, J. P. Tuck, R. Souhami, S. Wessley
Journal: BMJ (1989)

patient had used 11 different treatments (all with benefit), 80% of respondents had used three or fewer.Only four adverse effects were reported: AL-721 made one patient nauseated; diets high in vitamins or minerals made two patients constipated; and one patient reported fatigue after a homoeopathic remedy.A benefit was attributed to 81%'/o of treatments used.One third of patients preferred to answer anonymously.Patients' assessments of alternative treatments of HIX' i.nfection and AIDS
Comparative Roles of Microvascular and Nerve Function in Foot Ulceration In Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dean T. Williams, Paul E. Norman, Michael C. Stacey
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We have read the article by Krishnan et al. (1) with much interest. The article found that there was a difference between foot microcirculation in subjects with and without diabetes, but there was no difference between patients with diabetes with or without foot ulceration. There are points in the methodology and conclusions regarding the microcirculatory investigations that we would like to raise with the authors and would be grateful for their opinion. In the methodology, their …