tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Protease Inhibitors
Authors: David L. Paterson, Nina Singh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters3 April 2001Adherence to Protease InhibitorsDavid L. Paterson, MD and Nina Singh, MDDavid L. Paterson, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15240 (Paterson, Singh) and Nina Singh, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15240 (Paterson, Singh)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Murri and colleagues ask about the distribution of completely antiretroviral-naive patients. This information can be found in our Table 4—9% (2 of 23) of patients in our series who had adherence of 95% or more and 10% (6 of 58) of those with less than 95% adherence had never received any antiretroviral medication.It is widely agreed that virologic outcome depends both on adherence and other factors, such as viral resistance to antiretroviral medications. All five patients who had virologic failure despite at least 95% adherence had been heavily pretreated with antiretroviral medications. These five patients had been ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15240 (Paterson, Singh) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAdherence to Protease Inhibitor Therapy and Outcomes in Patients with HIV Infection David L. Paterson , Susan Swindells , Jeffrey Mohr , Michelle Brester , Emanuel N. Vergis , Cheryl Squier , Marilyn M. Wagener , and Nina Singh Adherence to Protease Inhibitors Rita Murri , Adriana Ammassari , and Andrea Antinori Metrics Cited ByFacility-level intervention to improve attendance and adherence among patients on anti-retroviral treatment in Kenya—a quasi-experimental study using time series analysisCo-occurrence of Treatment Nonadherence and Continued HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors: Implications for Positive Prevention Interventions 3 April 2001Volume 134, Issue 7Page: 625KeywordsAntiretroviralsDrugsGenotypingHIVHIV-1Minimal essential mediumMutationProtease inhibitors ePublished: 3 April 2001 Issue Published: 3 April 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Physicians and the Mental Illnesses: The Nudge From ADAMHA
Authors: Daniel X. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The overview article<sup>1</sup>from the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) published in the April 18, 1986, issue of<i>JAMA</i>vividly highlights the prevalence and costs of substance abuse and mental illnesses and our deficiencies in diagnosing and treating them. The broad scan of epidemiologically well-established facts, of the excess of mortality, and of medical resource utilization should be eye-opening. Yet the very generality of the prescription— improved education—and the unavoidable monotony of the catalog of defects may be mind-dulling. This would be unfortunate. The multiple assertions refer to real and not fictional issues. For almost a decade, we have known that well over 50% of all cases of these illnesses are encountered in the primary care rather than specialty sector. Today, we should expect no less than a sound physical workup in psychiatric patients and an equally competent physical and psychodiagnostic workup in medical patients with
Hospital medical records.
Authors: F. A. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1968)

OU^RMthis way one rapidly adjusts to headlight glare and drives without danger.The streets of Britain are much better lit in general than the streets of my own country, but I feel much safer driving at night here.It is not the annoying glare from oncoming lights on a wet night that is the problem, it is the multitude of sudden poorly lit sections that turn up unexpectedly in any city.This is a real danger if one drives with sidelights on instead of headlights at low beam.Interestingly enough, I found that the further north one went in Britain the worse lit were the roads and the less likely were the drivers to use their headlights.Your drivers used them for signalling, for overtaking, as a token of thanks, in fact for everything but the reason they were put there-in order to see when driving at night.-I am, etc.,
An Address on the Future Relation of King's College to its Medical School and Hospital: Delivered at King's College at the Opening of the Medical Session on October 4th, 1904
Authors: T. Buzzard
Journal: BMJ (1904)

<h3>OBJECTIVE:</h3> The in vitro antibacterial activity of garlic against Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is well documented and the potential for its use in vivo was suggested. Garlic intake, a traditional habit by the Taskopru population in Turkey for decades, was examined for its effect on the prevalence of H. pylori and compared with the non garlic consuming group. <h3>METHODS:</h3> Eighty-one garlic consuming asymptomatic subjects in Kastamonu province in Turkey (68 males, 13 females) of 23-82 years of age (average 46) were selected on a very restricted bases in regards to the garlic intake (raw or cooked, or both), amount, duration and other criteria. Control group (non-garlic consuming) of 81 asymptomatic subjects (66 males, 15 females) of 23-90 years of age (average 43) were enrolled for comparison with the garlic consuming group. Serum samples were collected from both groups during the period from September 2001 through to April 2002 and examined by the enzyme linked immunoassay test for anti H.pylori antibodies. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> An overall H.pylori prevalence of 79% and 81% was detected in the garlic and non garlic consuming groups. A significantly lower average antibody titer was detected in the garlic consuming group than that of the control group and similarly in those who consumed mixture of raw plus cooked garlic as compared to those who consumed raw or cooked garlic alone. <h3>CONCLUSION:</h3> Garlic intake for long durations (years) did not appear to have an effect on the prevalence of H.pylori infection. Garlic consuming subjects had a significantly lower average antibody titer than non garlic consuming groups, which might suggest an indirect inhibitory effect on the reproduction of H.pylori and possibly progression to more serious peptic ulcer diseases.
A hemostatic spray: the easy way out for upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Authors: B. Weusten, J. Bergman
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

It is now generally accepted that early endoscopic intervention (i. e. within 24 hours after admission) improves outcomes in patients who present with a significant upper gastrointestinal bleed [1] [2]. Several techniques are available to achieve hemostasis during endoscopy. Injection therapy with diluted epinephrine is cheap and relatively easy to perform but should no longer be used as a monotherapy [3]. Injection therapy should be combined with other techniques, amongst which coaptive coagulation (a combination of pressure and thermal therapy) and application of hemoclips appear to be more or less equally effective.
Matrix remodeling in human aortic valve disease
Authors: Olivier Fondard, Delphine Detaint, Homa Adle, Bernard lung, Jean-Paul Couetil, Ulrich Hvass, Mohamed Jarraya, Jean Gerota, Dominique Henin, Alec Vahanian, Jean-Baptiste Michel, Marie-Paule Jacob
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF HAIR GROWTH AND RHYTHM IN MONILETHRIX
Authors: STANLEY COMAISH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY. Two patients with monilethrix have been studied. The rate of growth of beaded hair in the scalp was slightly but significantly greater than that of the microscopically unaffected hair, but there was no significant difference between the growth rates of beaded and unaffected hair in the forearm. There was no daily rhythm of node and internode formation, and no simple time cycle of any length could be discovered for the beading. Greater hair growth occurred during the day, and this achieved statistical significance at the 1% level for the normal shafts. Intradermal methotrexate in the doses employed had no effect either on growth rate or bead formation.
Cerebral Palsy--I
Authors: T. T. S. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Cerebral palsy is a term used to describe a group of chronic, non-progressive disorders occurring in young children, in which disease of the brain causes impairment of motor function.Affected patients may show paresis or incoordina- tion of voluntary movement or have unwanted involuntary movements as their major handicap.Many have associated
Fortnightly review: Corticosteroid injections in tendon lesions
Authors: C A Speed
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Periarticular soft tissue rheumatic complaints include localised disorders of tendons, ligaments, muscles, fascia, and joint capsules. Such complaints account for up to 59% of new patient referrals to a rheumatology practice1 and up to 15% of consultations in primary care.2 Tendon lesions (tendinopathies) represent a large proportion of these complaints and are often the most difficult to treat. Their high incidence of chronicity and recurrence 3 4 result in appreciable morbidity and loss of productivity, representing a major socioeconomic burden.5

Corticosteroid injections are one of the most commonly used treatments for chronic tendon lesions.1 Despite their popularity, the rationale for use of corticosteroid injections is contentious, the evidence for benefit is lacking, and they have potential adverse effects. This article describes the nature of tendon lesions, the basis for the use of local corticosteroids, and current evidence for beneficial and adverse effects.

#### Summary points

Tendon lesions are a varied group of common complaints

Various treatments are available

There is no good evidence to support the use of local corticosteroid injections in chronic tendon lesions

The lack of evidence is due to a true lack of effect or a lack of good trials

Accuracy of diagnosis and injection are important.

I searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase to identify studies of common pathological findings in tendinopathies and treatment with corticosteroids. I also looked for good systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials, and good randomised controlled trials published since the search date of identified reviews, relating to the evidence for effect, guidelines for use, and potential adverse effects of corticosteroid injections in tendinopathies. When no systematic review was available, I used data from individual randomised controlled trials, applying Sackett et al's quality criteria.6

Tendons are collagenous structures with additional tenocytes, water, and other matrix components. Tendons are surrounded …
Effects of naloxone on pethidine-induced neonatal depression.
Authors: P C Wiener, S Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1980)

this group in particular, and perhaps patients with DS in general, show a remarkable freedom from the atherosclerosis that, in some degree, inevitably accompanies advancing age. The reasons are not clear. The finding of atherosclerosis in the non-mongol mental defectives suggests that environmental factors such as diet, composition of the water, and the absence of stress are not responsible. Furthermore, the differences between the groups cannot be explained on the basis of lipid concentrations: at the time of study both groups had lower serum lipid concentrations than a group of normal people. Of the remaining accepted risk factors, blood pressure was slightly but significantly lower in the DS group, and only two of these patients (3,,) smoked compared with 13 (19%O) of the controls. While these findings may partly explain the necropsy evidence, it is difficult to accept that they can account for the total absence of atheroma in the D S group and its presence in the controls to a degree consistent with that usually found in the general population. Probably there are unidentified factors peculiar to DS that confer a noticeable freedom from atherosclerosis. Whether these ar haemodynamic or arise from a peculiarity of vessel wall m rphology is speculative. It certainly appears on the present evidence that DS provides n atherosclerosis-free model that merits further study.
Do sex hormones modulate the synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: M. CUTOLO
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

It is becoming apparent that various host influences are important determinants in the development of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

The organism responds to inflammatory stimula with coordinated series of adaptive responses involving the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems.

Although immunogenetics may dominate the susceptibility to develop the disease, the most powerful additional factor recognised in the host is the sex of the patient.

Recent epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory evidence has suggested that sex hormones play a central part in the immune response and the immune mediated pathological conditions.1 

Overall, women have greater humoral and cellular immune responses and therefore may be more susceptible than men to autoimmune diseases, including RA. Women have higher immunoglobulin concentrations than men and produce greater antibody responses to various microorganisms after immunisation. Cell mediated immune response is also stronger in women as shown by a more efficient rejection of allografts and relative resistance to immunotolerance.2 

On the other hand, women have greater plasma corticotropin (ACTH) response to ovine corticotropin release hormone (CRH) and more prolonged increases in cortisol values, thus indicating CRH neuron activation by oestradiol.1 Conversely, androgens inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) supporting the complex interactions existing between the immune response and neuroendocrine system.

In synthesis, evidence suggests that physiological concentrations of oestrogens stimulate while male hormones suppress the immune response.

As the distinct female preponderance in autoimmune diseases exists mainly during the reproductive ages, sex hormone concentrations and metabolism have been evaluated in the affected patients (that is, RA, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)) and have often been found to be changed.

In particular, low gonadal and adrenal androgens (testosterone (Tes)/dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), respectively), as well as reduced androgens/oestrogens ratio, have been detected in male and female RA patients, suggesting a reduction of the related immunosuppressive …
Public health challenges posed by chemical mixtures.
Authors: H Hansen, C T De Rosa, H Pohl, M Fay, M M Mumtaz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Approximately 40 million people live within a 4-mile radius of waste sites that the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has assessed to date. Human populations living in the vicinity of such sites are often subjected to complex chemical exposures that may contribute to the total body burden of oxogenous chemicals. Apart from the contaminants found at waste sites, exposure may also include environmental, occupational, and personal agents. Concurrent exposure to chemicals such as welding fumes, indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke, alcohol, and prescription and nonprescription drugs makes the health assessment of exposure to waste site chemicals a more complex task. Voluntary exposures such as these frequently entail exposures to relatively high chemical concentrations and can usually be well defined and quantified. Conversely, involuntary exposures from waste sites may be at low concentrations and hence difficult to characterize and quantify. Of the approximately 1450 waste sites evaluated by the ATSDR, 530 (37%) had either completed or potentially completed exposure pathways. Results of public health assessments conducted at 167 sites during 1993 to 1995 show that about 1.5 million people have been exposed to site-specific contaminants. At 10% or more of the sites that had either completed or potentially completed exposure pathways, 56 substances were identified. Of these, 19 are either known or anticipated human carcinogens, and 9 are associated with reproductive or endocrine-disrupting effects. In this paper we present important concerns regarding hazardous waste sites including the impact on human health, ecology, and quality of life. To address such human-health related issues, the ATSDR has established a mixtures program that consists of three components: trend analysis to identify combinations of chemicals of concern, experimental studies to identify data that would be useful in the development and implementation of predictive decision support methodologies, and development of assessment methodologies and guidance to provide health assessors with the tools to incorporate the evaluation of multiple-chemical exposure into site assessments.
Vaccines for children
Authors: G Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Recently a newspaper editorial pointed out that the American taxpayer had just received a $700 000 lesson in the economics of health care reform. The subject was President Clinton's programme to federalise the distribution of vaccines for children. This was held up as an example of what might have happened had Congress enacted the proposed 1400 page health care reform bill that would have restructured in one fell swoop one seventh of the United States' economy.

As conceived in early 1992, the “innovative” Vaccines for Children programme was designed to raise the immunisation rates of 2 year old infants by providing free vaccines to all, regardless of ability to pay. At the time the federal minister in charge of …
Human pancreatitis-associated protein. Messenger RNA cloning and expression in pancreatic diseases.
Authors: B Orelle, V Keim, L Masciotra, J C Dagorn, J L Iovanna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

A human pancreatic cDNA library was screened with the cDNA encoding rat "pancreatitis-associated protein" (PAP). The selected clone encoded a secretory protein structurally related to rat PAP. The protein had the same size as rat PAP and showed 71% amino acid identity, the six half-cystines being in identical positions. Domains of the proteins showing homologies with calcium-dependent lectins were also conserved. In addition, expression in pancreas of the genes encoding the human protein and rat PAP showed similar characteristics: both were expressed at very low levels in control tissue and overexpressed during the acute phase of pancreatitis, contrary to most secretory products. The human protein was therefore named human pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP-H). Antibodies raised to a synthetic peptide of PAP-H detected a single band with an M(r) compatible with PAP-H in Western blot analysis of proteins extracted from a pancreas presenting with acute pancreatitis. In that tissue, the protein could be immunolocalized to the apical regions of acinar cells. An immunoassay was also constructed to quantify the protein in serum. Elevated PAP-H levels were observed in patients with acute pancreatitis and in some patients with chronic pancreatitis. Values were close to background in healthy subjects and in patients with other abdominal diseases. These results confirm that PAP-H synthesis increases during inflammation and suggest a possible use of the protein as biological marker of acute pancreatitis.
Abstract 1375: Amlexanox inhibits FGF-mediated paracrine and autocrine activity of tumor-derived melanoma cell lines and cell strains
Authors: Ruea-Yea Huang, Dawn Bowers, Michael K. Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Melanoma is a highly invasive disease characterized by widespread lymphatic and systemic metastases. Although angiogenesis is critical for this to occur, the responsible mechanisms within melanoma cells remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify factors secreted by tumor-derived melanoma cells which can mediate these processes. Serum-free conditioned medium (CM) isolated from two melanoma cell lines and four newly derived melanoma cell strains promote both the growth in culture and angiogenic outgrowth activity of HUVEC and HMEC1 in 3-dimensional (3-D) collagen gel culture. Substantial amounts of both FGF1 (acidic) and FGF2 (basic) are found in the conditioned medium (CM). The addition of neutralizing antibodies to FGF1 (5 μg/ml) and FGF2 (3 μg/ml) to the melanoma CM significantly decreased the proliferation of HUVEC and HMEC1 by (20%) and (40%), respectively, and the angiogenic activity of HMEC1 by (20%). Amlexanox (AMX) is an anti-inflammatory agent that binds intracellular S100A13, one component of the putative FGF1-secretion complexes. AMX suppresses constitutive release of FGF1, but not FGF2, from these melanoma cells. AMX-treated melanoma-CM results in significant reduction of: HUVEC mitogenic activity, endothelial migration into 3-D collagen gel as well as melanoma cell proliferation. These AMX-mediated effects correlate with a concomitant decrease of FGFR1 phosphorylation in melanoma cells. The sum of these results point to the importance of the FGF-1 pathway and nominate AMX as a significant anti-melanoma agent by virtue of its impact on both paracrine and autocrine activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1375.
CAPSULATION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS WITH SOLUBLE C-LIKE (Cs) POLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: Donald L. Bornstein, Gerald Schiffman, Harriet P. Bernheimer, Robert Austrian
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Capsulated mutants of pneumococcus producing a capsule of soluble polysaccharide related immunologically to the C or cell wall polysaccharide of pneumococcus have been isolated from several noncapsulated variants of this organism. The capsular material of these strains reacts with antisera both to homologous strains and to noncapsulated strains of pneumococcus and with human C-reactive protein. C-reactive protein has been shown to give a positive capsular precipitin or Quellung reaction with Cs pneumococcal variants and to agglutinate them. The genetic locus which determines the production of Cs polysaccharide is situated in a region of the pneumococcal chromosome distinct from that controlling normal capsular polysaccharide synthesis. Binary and ternary capsulated pneumococci, one of the capsular components of which is Cs polysaccharide, have been isolated following DNA-mediated transformation.