tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the human biliary system studied by quantitative computer-aided three-dimensional imaging techniques
Authors: Jurgen Ludwig, Erik L. Ritman, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Patrick F. Sheedy, Günter Zumpe
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The branching geometry of the normal, cholangiographically identifiable human biliary tree was studied with an innovative computer-aided three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique. In addition, a serially sectioned conventional paraffin block from a normal donor liver was used to create and quantitatively study a microscopic 3D image. Finally, a geometric model was developed to estimate the enlargement of biliary surfaces imparted by microvilli. The images created by these techniques could be viewed in stationary modes or rotating around any preselected axis. Approximately 7 (±3) intrahepatic duct orders were cholangiographically identified. Computerized measurements of the images from three normal livers suggested that the mean total volume of duct orders 1 to 7 shown in the cholangiograms was 16.6 cm 3 . The volume of the entire macroscopic duct system was estimated to be between 14 and 24 cm 3 (mean, 20.4 cm 3 ), with an internal surface of 336 to 575 cm 2 (mean, 398 cm 2 ). A geometric model based on electron micrographs suggested that this surface is magnified approximately 5.5-fold by the presence of microvilli. Volume and surface area (SA) measurements of all ducts in the same orders increased nearly exponentially from the first toward the seventh branching order (i.e., from the hilus toward the periphery of the liver), and probably beyond. The microscopic computerized reconstruction of a septal bile duct with its tributaries also allowed volume measurements; the imaged duct system represented 2.7% of the portal tract volume. The data presented herein may help to better evaluate branching patterns of the biliary tree and, eventually, the quantitative aspects of site-restricted cholangiocyte function and their role in the development of biliary diseases.
Eyeing Herb Safety
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Parietal cell responsiveness in duodenal ulcer.
Authors: K. G. Wormsley, M. P. Mahoney
Journal: BMJ (1967)

One of the hypotheses advanced to explain the excessive acid secretion of patients with duodenal ulcer is that the acid secreting cells are abnormally sensitive to stimulation. We have studied the gastric response of normal individuals and of patients with duodenal ulcer to increasing amounts of a gastrin like pentapeptide given by continuous intravenous infusion and have found no difference between the responsiveness of the stomachs of these two groups of subjects.
Intermittent Secretion of Abnormal Bile in Patients with Cholesterol Gall Stones
Authors: R. A. Smallwood, P. Jablonski, J. McK. Watts
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Gall bladder and hepatic bile was sampled from 66 patients undergoing elective operations on the biliary tract. Fifty-one patients had cholesterol gall stones but only 59% of these were found to have bile which was supersaturated with cholesterol. Repeated sampling of hepatic bile from patients with T-tubes showed that the secretion of supersaturated bile was intermittent.These results indicate that it is impossible to separate patients with cholesterol stones from controls simply by examination of the lipid composition of their bile, since an appreciable number of bile samples from patients with cholesterol stones were unsaturated.The fact that cholesterol gall stones form when the bile is supersaturated with cholesterol only intermittently suggests that the gall bladder may also have a part in their formation.
Improving diabetes care via telemedicine: lessons from the Addressing Diabetes in Tennessee (ADT) project. Diabetes Care 2011;34:e34
Authors: EA Nyenwe, S Ashby, J Tidwell, SS Nouer, AE Kitabchi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Nyenwe EA, Ashby S, Tidwell J, Nouer SS, Kitabchi AE. Improving diabetes care via telemedicine: lessons from the …
Cell-mediated immunity to myoglobin in polymyositis.
Authors: R Herrera-Esparza, L Magana, J Moreno, A Fraga, C Lavalle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Using the leucocyte migration inhibition (LIF) test we looked for evidence of cell-mediated hypersensitivity against myoglobin in 8 patients with polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM). The migration index for PM-DM patients was 47.5 +/- 17%, while in the controls the index was 86 +/- 12% (p less than 0.001). The presence of serum antibodies against myoglobin was also investigated by passive haemagglutination (PH) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). By PH the reciprocal titre of antimyoglobin antibodies was 150 +/- 28 in PM-DM compared with 16.2 +/- 15.9 and 8.7 +/- 7.7 in control patients with diseases (p less than 0.01) and negative in normal persons. CIE showed antimyoglobin antibodies in 3 PM-DM patients and in none of controls. Cell-mediated immunity against myoglobin may be implicated in the pathogenesis of PM. The pathological significance of antimyoglobin antibodies remains to be determined.
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Children
Authors: Michel Baum, David Powell, Sadie Calvin, Tarran McDaid, Kathy McHenry, Henkin Mar, Donald Potter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The clinical and biochemical effects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in 20 children and of hemodialysis in 16 children were compared over a 2 1/2-year period. Statistically significant differences between the treatment groups included higher hematocrit, higher serum carbon dioxide and cholesterol levels, large intake of calories and protein, and lower systolic blood pressure and rates of transfusion in the patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. These patients had more complications than the patients receiving hemodialysis, but hospitalization rates in the two groups were similar. The cost of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was +19,600 per patient-year; the cost of hemodialysis was +54,300 per patient-year; the cost of hemodialysis was +54,300 per patient-year. There were four treatment failures with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and one with hemodialysis. Patients treated with both forms of dialysis preferred continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We conclude that continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is an important alternative to hemodialysis in children.
Hereditary asplenic-athymic mice: transplantation of human myelogenous leukemic cells.
Authors: B B Lozzio, E A Machado, C B Lozzio, S Lair
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

A new animal model characterized by hereditary athymia and asplenia was used as a recipient of chronic myelogenous leukemic (CML) cells with the Philadelphia (Ph1+) chromosome. Transplanted CML cells form solid vascularized tumors containing cells similar to those seen in the patient in a long-term culture. Cells taken from the tumors were nearly triploid, retained all human chromosome markers, and had the same antigenic determinants(s) as cells in culture.
722 STUDY OF INFLUENCE FACTORS ON HBV RELAPSE AFTER NAS WITHDRAWAL IN THE CHB PATIENTS WHO MET NAS CESSATION CRITERIA
Authors: N.J. Jiang, X.Y. Liang, H.M. Su, H.Z. Liu, E.S. Ge, G.J. Hu, W.W. Guo, C.Z. Jiang, Q.M. Zhu, H.X. Huang, R. Xie
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Factors that affect the reproducibility of measurements of left ventricular function from first-pass radionuclide ventriculograms.
Authors: D S Dymond, A Elliott, D Stone, G Hendrix, R Spurrell
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To examine which factors affect the reproducibility of ejection fraction (EF), pulmonary transit time (PTT) and segmental wall motion assessed from first-pass radionuclide angiograms (FPRA), 32 patients who had FPRA were randomized for site of injection of isotope (right or left arm) and projection (right or left anterior oblique [RAO or LAO]). The quality of injected bolus was measured from the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the bolus time-activity curve in the superior vena cava. All patients had two sequential studies on each of two consecutive days, and each study was analyzed independently by two observers. For EF, inter- and intraobserver correlations ranged from 0.94-0.98. EF was higher in the RAO than the LAO projection (mean 47.4% vs 40.3%, p less than 0.001), but neither injection site nor bolus FWHM affected the results. For PTT, interobserver correlations ranged from 0.75-0.93 and intraobserver correlations from 0.61-0.85. Variability in PTT was large, and inter- and intraobserver variabilities were directly related to bolus FWHM (mean 0.60 +/- 0.21 second for interobserver differences in PTT of less than 2.0 seconds, mean 1.55 +/- 0.86 seconds for interobserver differences in PTT of greater than 2 seconds [p less than 0.005]). Differences in FWHM between sequential studies were 0.28 +/- 0.29 second when intraobserver differences in PTT were less than 2 seconds and 1.04 +/- 0.67 seconds when differences in PTT were greater than 2.0 seconds (p less than 0.005). Variations in PTT were not related to differences in projection or injection site. Wall motion was highly reproducible for both projections. In the RAO projection, one of 116 anterior segments (0.9%), one of 116 apical segments (0.9%), and four of 116 inferior segments (3%) were judged normal from one observer's images and abnormal from another. In the LAO view, discrepancies occurred in one of 126 septal segments (0.8%), two of 126 apical segments (1.6%) and four of 126 posterolateral segments (3%). This study shows that EF and wall motion are highly reproducible in any projection, but the choice of projection significantly affects the values for EF from FPRA. PTT measurements are less reliable, highly bolus dependent, and their use in clinical practice depends on quality control of the bolus of injected radionuclide.
Recurrent rheumatic fever in adults.
Authors: C G Herbst, S P Ballou, I Kushner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis SIR, The case report by Sheldon and Wood' is additional evidence of the need to run a full-scale trial of combination chemotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).The safety of such regimens is well established in Hodgkin's disease and other lymphoproliferative disorders, and it remains 'diffi-
How Patient Centered Are Medical Decisions?
Authors: Floyd J. Fowler, Bethany S. Gerstein, Michael J. Barry
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Informing and involving patients in their medical decisions is increasingly becoming a standard for good medical care, particularly for primary care physicians. <h3>Objective</h3> To learn how patients describe the decision-making process for 10 common medical decisions, including 6 that are most often made in primary care. <h3>Design</h3> A survey of a national sample of adults 40 years or older who in the preceding 2 years had either experienced or discussed with a health care provider 1 or more of 10 decisions: medication for hypertension, elevated cholesterol, or depression; screening for breast, prostate, or colon cancer; knee or hip replacement for osteoarthritis, or surgery for cataract or low back pain. <h3>Setting</h3> Adults living in households in the United States in 2011. <h3>Participants</h3> A national sample of adults drawn from a probability sample–based web panel developed by Knowledge Networks. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Patients' perceptions of the extent to which the pros and cons were discussed with their health care providers, whether the patients were told they had a choice, and whether the patients were asked for their input. <h3>Results</h3> Responses were obtained from 2718 patients, with a response rate of 58.3%. Respondents reported much more discussion of the pros than the cons of all tests or treatments; discussions about the surgical procedures tended to be more balanced than those about medications to reduce cardiac risks and cancer screening. Most patients (60%-78%) said they were asked for input for all but 3 decisions: medications for hypertension and elevated cholesterol and having mammograms (37.3%-42.7%). Overall, the reported decision-making processes were most patient centered for back or knee replacement surgery and least for breast and prostate cancer screening. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Discussions about these common tests, medications, and procedures as reported by patients do not reflect a high level of shared decision making, particularly for 5 decisions most often made in primary care.
Splenomegaly with Hypersplenism Due to Sarcoidosis
Authors: Robert C. Partenheimer, H. Clarkson Meredith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE syndrome of hypersplenism has become well established as a clinical entity in the past few years by Dameshek,1 Doan,2 , 3 Kracke4 and others. A number of diseases of the spleen both primary and secondary, have been found to produce this syndrome of splenomegaly associated with cytopenias, either total or selective.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Although sarcoidosis has been known for many years to be a cause of splenic enlargement,8 9 10 11 it is rare to find it associated with depression of the cellular elements of the blood.5 , 7 , 12 13 14 In a search through the literature, only 6 cases of this syndrome due to sarcoidosis could be found.5 , 12 13 14 15 Recently, . . .
Mimicking Phosphorylation of αB-Crystallin on Serine-59 Is Necessary and Sufficient to Provide Maximal Protection of Cardiac Myocytes From Apoptosis
Authors: Lisa E. Morrison, Holly E. Hoover, Donna J. Thuerauf, Christopher C. Glembotski
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

αB-Crystallin (αBC), a small heat shock protein expressed in high levels in the heart, is phosphorylated on Ser-19, 45, and 59 after stress. However, it is not known whether αBC phosphorylation directly affects cell survival. In the present study, constructs were prepared that encode forms of αBC harboring Ser to Ala (blocks phosphorylation) or Ser to Glu (mimics phosphorylation) mutations at positions 19, 45, and 59. The effects of each form on apoptosis of cultured cardiac myocytes after hyperosmotic or hypoxic stress were assessed. Compared with controls, cells that expressed αBC with Ser to Ala substitutions at all three positions, αBC(AAA), exhibited more stress-induced apoptosis. Cells expressing either αBC(AAE) or (EEE) exhibited 3-fold less apoptosis than cells expressing αBC(AAA), indicating that phosphorylation of Ser-59 confers protection. αBC is known to bind to procaspase-3 and to decrease caspase-3 activation. Compared with cells expressing αBC(AAA), the activation of caspase-3 was decreased by 3-fold in cells expressing αBC(AAE). These results demonstrate that mimicking the phosphorylation of αBC on Ser-59 is necessary and sufficient to confer caspase-3 inhibition and protection of cardiac myocytes against hyperosmotic or hypoxic stress. These findings provide direct evidence that αBC(S59P) contributes to the cardioprotection observed after physiologically relevant stresses, such as transient hypoxia. Identifying the targets of αBC(S59P) will reveal important details about the mechanism underlying the cytoprotective effects of this small heat shock protein.
Hemostatic defects in response to aspirin challenge in hypothyroidism
Authors: Zella R. Zeigler, Ute Hasiba, Jessica H. Lewis, Anthony H. Vagnucci, Valerie A. West, Elizabeth A. Bezek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

A patient with hypothyroidism had ingested aspirin and bled profusely following dental extraction. The only abnormalities noted on coagulation survey were a prolonged aspirin bleeding time and reduced retention of platelets on glass beads. Based on this index case, an additional 12 hypothyroid patients, on no medications, were evaluated for a mild bleeding disorder, including studies with aspirin challenge. The results indicate that thrombin-induced platelet serotonin release, following aspirin ingestion, was subnormal in most hypothyroid patients. However, only hypothyroid individuals with TSH levels of greater than 60 microU/ml have an increased hemostatic sensitivity to aspirin, as measured by the bleeding time test. These findings did not appear to result from decreased synthesis of the factor VIII-von Willebrand factor complex. As this drug is commonly ingested, the effects of aspirin on bleeding may explain the easy bruising and menorrhagia that occur in hypothyroid individuals.
Theo Legate Schofield
Authors: T. Schofield
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Theo Legate Schofield entered Liverpool University in 1937. On qualifying in 1942, he joined the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) and served in destroyers in the Western Approaches, and with the Fleet Air Arm in Malta.

After demobilisation, he returned to Liverpool and joined the department of surgery under Professor Charles Wells. …
The use of capsule endoscopy for the diagnosis of small bowel tumours: the first single centre UK experience
Authors: R. Sidhu, M. E. McAlindon
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Small bowel tumours represent 1–3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies but can be difficult to diagnose. Since the advent of capsule endoscopy (CE), it has become an important modality in the investigation of patients with small bowel tumours. We conducted a study to evaluate the clinical presentation, endoscopic appearance, diagnostic and therapeutic impact of CE in the management of small bowel tumours. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective review of consecutive patients that underwent CE with the findings of small bowel tumours over a seven year period was conducted. Data was collected for patient demographics, indication of CE, findings on CE including location of suspected tumour with subsequent follow up data. <h3>Results</h3> 24 patients were found to have a small bowel tumour on CE. This represented 1.5% of all patients that underwent CE over seven years. The indications included iron deficiency anaemia (n=9), overt bleeding (n=11) and investigation of complications of coeliac disease (n=4). Patients had a mean number of 4.7 tests prior to CE which included gastroscopy, colonoscopy, small bowel radiology, computed tomographic scanning, mesenteric angiograms and red cell labelled scans. The mean age in the group was 55 years (range 34–83 years). The endoscopic appearances on CE included a mass or ulcerated mass lesion (n=20) or isolated ulceration of mucosa with fresh bleeding (n=3) and multiple ulcers with abnormal underlying mucosa (n=1). The tumours were located in the jejunum in ten patients, in the ileum in 13 patients and in the fourth part of the duodenum in one patient. The lesions were single in 96% of cases and multiple in 4% (n=1). Capsule retention occurred in four patients (16.6%). 19 patients underwent surgery while two patients were treated with chemotherapy. The tumours were adenocarcinoma (n=4), carcinoid (n=2), gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST, n=5), lymphoma (n=4), vascular tumours (haemangioma, angioma, angiomyolipoma, n=6), metastatic renal cancer (n=1), glomus tumour (n=1) and a benign fibroid tumour (n=1). Three patients were treated palliatively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> CE is an important modality in the diagnostic work up of patients with small bowel tumours and it has a positive impact on patient management. The early use of CE in these patients should be encouraged as it often detects tumours missed by conventional modalities.
Microsurgical Fertilization and Blastomere Removal for Genetic Analysis
Authors: T W Schimmel, K F Crumm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Microsurgical Fertilization and Blastomere Removal for Genetic Analysis. The oocyte and embryo are each immobilized at the tip of a holding pipette by the application of a gentle vacuum to the surrounding zona pellucida (zp). Intracytoplasmic injection (Panel A) involves perforation of the zona pellucida and oocyte plasma membrane with a glass micropipette (8 micrometers in diameter). A single sperm (arrow) is visible at the tip of the micropipette before its expulsion into the oocyte cytoplasm, and a polar body (pb) extruded into the perivitelline space during the final maturation of the oocyte is evident. Forty-five hours after . . .
Nutrition for Maximal Sports Performance
Authors: Jonas Bergström
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In considering the nutrition for maximal sports performance, only the carbohydrate stores are relevant to energy expenditure. During training periods adequate supply of protein is a prerequisite. In competition periods of less than 20 minutes' duration, normal glycogen stores in muscle tissue seem to be adequate, but liver glycogen deficiency can limit the performance via a hypoglycemic effect on the central nervous system. Thus, a carbohydrate-rich diet should be given during the days before and between competition events. With heavy exercise of longer duration it can be of value to increase the glycogen store in muscle groups performing the heaviest work. This is achieved by first depleting muscles of glycogen through exercise and thereafter taking a diet rich in carbohydrate. This regimen also increases the liver glycogen store.
N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Is a More Useful Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Than C-Reactive Protein in Older Men With and Without Pre-Existing Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: S. Goya Wannamethee, Paul Welsh, Gordon D. Lowe, Vilmundur Gudnason, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Lucy Lennon, Ann Rumley, Peter H. Whincup, Naveed Sattar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Central Venous Oxygen Saturations
Authors: Adolph M. Hutter
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The clinical significance of serial central venous oxygen saturation (CVSo ) determinations was investigated in 34 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The mean initial CVSo<sub>2</sub>of 73% fell to a low of 68% (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05) on the third postinfarction day, and rose slightly thereafter. The average values of the lowest recorded CVSo<sub>2</sub>in 9 patients with an uncomplicated course, 10 patients with a moderately complicated course, and 15 patients with a severely complicated clinical course were 65%, 65%, and 54%, respectively. A fall in CVSo<sub>2</sub>to less than 55% preceded the development of hypotension in three patients and was concurrent with hypotension in two. Serial CVSo<sub>2</sub>determinations are useful in the early detection of cardiac decompensation in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Efficacy and Safety of Triweekly Docetaxel, Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Folinic Acid (DOFF) in Patients with Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Adani-Ife Ablavi, Haydar Mazen, Innominato Pasquale, Ulusakarya Ayhan, Al Mohamed Wathek, Machover David, Goldschmidt Emma, Gumus Yusuf, Morere Jean-François
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)