tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 784: Synergistic effect of magnetic nanoparticles and docetaxel on prostate cancer cells <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: Masatoshi Watanabe, Akiko Sato, Daisuke Kurioka, Hitoshi Ishiguro, Hiroji Uemura, Yoshinobu Kubota
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Current chemotherapy approaches to prostate cancer need to be improved because of limitations by lack of specificity and systemic toxicity although docetaxel-based chemotherapy has been shown to improve the quality of life in patients with the advanced disease. Nanotechnology has prompted new and improved materials for biomedical applications with particular emphasis in therapy and diagnostics. Especially, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) have potential applications in drug delivery, cancer diagnosis and therapy. We have shown that magnetic nanoparticles would modify the effect of chemotherapy in cancer cells. In this study, we analyzed the combined effects of docetaxel and magnetic nanoparticles on prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU145, and PC3) and their mechanisms. The combination of docetaxel and magnetic nanoparticles more effectively inhibited cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis. Only magnetic nanoparticles produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), however did not inhibit cancer cell growth significantly. Magnetic nanoparticles were also found to have the effect on the expression of ABC transporter genes, and have the possibility to inhibit the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. These results suggest that magnetic nanoparticles may result in favorable development of current chemotherapy for the advanced disease and leading to new tumor ablation therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 784. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-784
Deleterious Mutation Accumulation in Asexual Timema Stick Insects
Authors: Lee Henry, Tanja Schwander, Bernard J. Crespi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Sexual reproduction is extremely widespread in spite of its presumed costs relative to asexual reproduction, indicating that it must provide significant advantages. One postulated benefit of sex and recombination is that they facilitate the purging of mildly deleterious mutations, which would accumulate in asexual lineages and contribute to their short evolutionary life span. To test this prediction, we estimated the accumulation rate of coding (nonsynonymous) mutations, which are expected to be deleterious, in parts of one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (Actin and Hsp70) genes in six independently derived asexual lineages and related sexual species of Timema stick insects. We found signatures of increased coding mutation accumulation in all six asexual Timema and for each of the three analyzed genes, with 3.6- to 13.4-fold higher rates in the asexuals as compared with the sexuals. In addition, because coding mutations in the asexuals often resulted in considerable hydrophobicity changes at the concerned amino acid positions, coding mutations in the asexuals are likely associated with more strongly deleterious effects than in the sexuals. Our results demonstrate that deleterious mutation accumulation can differentially affect sexual and asexual lineages and support the idea that deleterious mutation accumulation plays an important role in limiting the long-term persistence of all-female lineages.
Longterm treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with cimetropium bromide: a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial.
Authors: G Dobrilla, B P Imbimbo, L Piazzi, G Bensi
Journal: Gut (1990)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cimetropium bromide, a new antimuscarinic compound, in relieving symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome over a three month period. Seventy consecutive outpatients were given cimetropium (50 mg tid) or placebo according to a double blind, randomised, parallel groups design. Symptoms were evaluated initially and at monthly intervals up to the end of the study period. One patient receiving placebo withdrew because of treatment failure. Pain score decreased by 40, 66, 85% in the cimetropium group, at the end of the first, second and third months respectively, compared with 26, 32 and 52% reductions among controls (p = 0.0005). At the end of treatment there was a 86% reduction in the number of abdominal pain episodes per day in the cimetropium group compared with 50% in the placebo group (p = 0.001). Constipation and diarrhoea scores decreased by 59 and 49% in the cimetropium treated patients, compared with 37 and 39% in controls, the differences between being not significant. At the end of the study 89% of the patients treated with cimetropium considered themselves as globally improved as opposed to 69% in the placebo group (p = 0.039). The corresponding 95% confidence intervals for the differences between the proportion of improved patients in the two groups were from 11% to 29%. Six patients taking cimetropium complained of slight dry mouth. The results of this study showed that cimetropium bromide is effective in relieving pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Drug Control in a Free Society
Authors: Rick J. Strassman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This is a landmark book, destined to be regaled and harangued by many. It also is being published at a time when the questions raised and addressed by the authors are being argued in court, specifically in the case of the Drug Enforcement Agency's proposed placement of MDMA (3,4 - methylenedioxymetamphetamine) into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act. Therefore, by reading this book and following the hearings on MDMA, one feels a sense of being at a certain threshold in our attitude toward the rational use of mind-altering drugs. Bakalar and Grinspoon, both of Harvard Medical School, have, for years, been presenting us with our inconsistencies in addressing drug use that does not readily fall under the purview of "accepted medical use." These uses are variously referred to as "religious," "recreational," "pleasurable," "performance-enhancing," etc. The drugs whose uses they have studied in this regard include marijuana, cocaine, and the so-called
814-2 Responses of Internal Mammary Artery to Local Administration of Acetylcholine
Authors: Terumitsu Tanaka, Masatoshi Fujita, Tetsuro Fudo, Tomoyuki Iwase, Shun-ichi Tamaki, Ryuji Nohara, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Nongonococcal Urethritis Associated With Human Strains of "T" Mycoplasmas
Authors: Maurice C. Shepard
Journal: JAMA (1970)

T-strain ("T") mycoplasmas are associated with 60% to 93% of the cases of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in male patients, whereas their natural occurrence in the genitourinary tract of normal male controls of similar age, occupation, and sexual activity generally ranges from 21% to 26%. A urease color test medium was developed for detection and identification of "T" mycoplasmas in clinical exudates and urine specimens which had a specificity of 98.1% among 686 clinical specimens tested. T-strain<i>Mycoplasma</i>-associated NGU responds satisfactorily to treatment with either tetracyclines or erythromycin. The close association of "T" mycoplasmas with NGU, their intimate association with the clinical course of the disease, their response to treatment of NGU, and their reappearance following reinfection from consort or wife, suggest that "T" mycoplasmas play an important role in the etiology of the disease.
The influence of female sex hormones on nasal reactivity in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Up Stübner, Ue Berger, J Toth, B Marks, F Horak, D Gruber, J Huber
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background : This study aimed to investigate whether the hormone peaks of estrogen and progesterone could influence the extent of the allergic reaction in grass‐pollen‐allergic women. Methods : Twenty‐three allergic women with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to grass pollen were included in this trial. Twelve were taking oral contraceptives (OC) (control group), and 11 were taking no pill (target group). The subjects were challenged with grass pollen by nasal provocation test around day 14 of their menstrual cycle (ovulation day) and again at the end of the cycle (day 27). The primary criteria were the subjective nasal symptoms rhinorrhea, nasal blockage, itching, and sneezing. A further criterion was the objectively measured nasal mucosal swelling, assessed by active anterior rhinomanometry. All criteria were evaluated before and 15 min after provocation, and the hormone status was determined on each investigation day. Results: Comparisons of symptoms between the groups resulted in P values of &gt;0.05 for all symptoms at both visits except the symptom blocked nose, which was significantly lower ( P =0.03) in the patients with OC intake at visit 2, and the symptom sneezing, which showed a significantly ( P =0.02) higher increase in patients taking OC at the end of the cycle. The flow decrease reached a greater extent in the target group than in the controls. Conclusions : These results indicate a correlation of the hormonal situation and the nasal allergic reactivity. OC intake led to an intensifying of neurogenic symptoms near the end of pill intake, a result which could be due to a protective effect of the endogenous progesterone, in contrast to the orally administered hormones.
Bad medicine: modern medicine
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

More medicine should never be conflated with better medicine, because today developed countries are suffering a contagion of iatrogenic harm. Why has this happened? Profit is the poison at the heart of the problem, spawning health anxiety and unnecessary intervention. This phenomenon is taking grip in emerging economies, like those of China and India, with the new middle classes subjected to unnecessary medical interventions.

Screening is presented as best practice. But regular general health screening “check ups” have no scientific basis, serving only to highlight unimportant minor abnormalities, …
Per patient funding would end inequalities in palliative care provision, says review
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A national tariff for palliative care where the money follows individual patients would eliminate variations in the provision of end of life care across England and save the health service many millions of pounds, a review of palliative care funding has concluded.

The review, carried out at the request of the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, says that lack of a national model for paying for palliative care has led to a wide variation in the amount of state money available for services in different parts of the country. Whereas one primary care trust in England spent £0.2m (€0.22m; $0.3m) on specialist palliative care in 2010-11, another spent about £21m. This translates to a variation in spending from £186 per death in one trust to £6213 in another.

The type of block contracts supplemented by so …
Method of Blanketing A.R.P. or Other Stretchers
Authors: E. B. Grogono
Journal: BMJ (1940)

This method was evolved progressively by Wanstead and Woodford S.P. leaders and men after discovering in practice exercises the various interesting disadvantages, using two blankets only, in all officially described methods.Preparing the Stretcher 1. Blanket A is laid lengthwise across the stretcher with one side close to the head entd of the stretcher. (Fig. 1.)
STUDIES ON THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF COMPLEMENT
Authors: Paul G. Klein, Peter M. Burkholder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Sheep erythrocytes sensitized with amboceptor and persensitized thereafter with guinea pig complement are agglutinated by rabbit anti-guinea pig globulin and by immune sera obtained by injection of rabbits with fixed complement. In this agglutination neither C'1 nor C'2 takes part. Fixed C'4 acts as an agglutinogen. An additional agglutinogen, distinct from C'4, was found on persensitized cells. This additional agglutinogen appears to be distinct from hemolytically active C'3.
Evidence for two types of brown adipose tissue in humans
Authors: Martin E Lidell, Matthias J Betz, Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard, Mikael Heglind, Louise Elander, Marc Slawik, Thomas Mussack, Daniel Nilsson, Thobias Romu, Pirjo Nuutila, Kirsi A Virtanen, Felix Beuschlein, Anders Persson, Magnus Borga, Sven Enerbäck
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF EARLY STATIN TREATMENT ON MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Kentarou Ishida, Tohru Geshi, Akira Nakano, Hiyoyasu Uzui, Yasuhiko Mitsuke, Naoki Amaya, Jyunji Sakata, Katsuhiko Sarasawa, Takehiko Satoh, Tetsuji Morishita, Kiwamu Murakami, Jong-Dae Lee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE HUMAN CONSTITUTION IN ITS RELATION TO GASTRO-INTESTINAL DISORDERS
Authors: JULIUS FRIEDENWALD
Journal: JAMA (1930)

From the earliest times, medical literature has abounded in various conceptions of the human constitution and diathesis, and considerable attention has been directed at certain periods to the importance of this factor in its relation to disease. Hippocrates, in his treatise on Airs, Waters, Place, pointed to this association; and in more recent times Laycock, Addison and Jonathan Hutchinson have noted a relationship between types of individuals and their susceptibility to certain diseases. For a time, however, interest was apparently lost in the study of the relation of hereditary characteristics to disease, and not until within recent years has renewed study again been directed to this important subject. This is clearly manifested by the extensive literature that has made its appearance within a comparatively short period. One need only point to the interesting publications of Aschner, Bauer, Bondi, Draper, Faber, Freund and von den Velden, Hoffman, Kraus, Kretschmer, Martius, Pearl,
Present position of liver transplantation and its impact on hepatological practice.
Authors: J G O'Grady, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1988)

Editorial. La transplantation depasse le stade du traitement des maladies au stade terminal. Les survies a 5 ans depassent 65%. La transplantation serait le meilleur traitement a long terme pour les affections chroniques. Chez les candidats potentiels il convient d'eviter toute intervention qui pourrait influencer en mal l'evolution apres transplantation
THE STATISTIC EVIDENCES OF THE VALUE OF VACCINATION TO THE HUMAN RACE, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE.
Authors: EUGENE FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>Hutchinson's Cases.47</h3><h3>First Series.</h3> —Patients first seen seven weeks after vaccination. Vaccinifer four months old, healthy looking, vesicle eighth day lymph. To the vaccinator and the surgeon, she at the time the lymph was taken, bore the aspect of excellent health. All of the vesicles from which lymph was taken bled. Two months afterward Mr. Hutchinson saw vaccinifer. "My attention was, however, at once attracted to a slight peculiarity in the tint of her skin and to the look of her face; and although it was strongly denied that she had ever 'snuffled,' yet when she was made to cry I noticed a nasal twang which was very suspicious. On having her stripped, not a single spot of rash could be seen on her skin, but on inspecting the buttocks five small circular condylomata were discovered close to the anus, about which there could not be the slightest doubt.
Pulsed Doppler: a classification of results of diameter, velocity and volume flow measurement in diseased common carotid arteries
Authors: D. E FITZGERALD, A. M O'SHAUGHNESSY, V. T KEAVENY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Arterial diameter, mean velocity and mean volume flow was measured in 580 common carotid arteries of 290 patients. These patients were undergoing investigations for carotid artery disease and selection for arterial surgery. A pulsed Doppler velocimeter with an adjustable range gated time system and a double transducer probe was used. The results were classified using each of the parameters to determine which would give the most reliable method of subgrouping from normal range values through mild, moderate and severe reduction. Subgrouping by mean volume was found to be the most satisfactory method of expressing the results. Disturbance in the sonogram was observed in all examinations and the distribution of changes was not affected by the method of subgrouping used. The findings in this study suggest that interpretation of results from either diameter or velocity alone should be approached with caution.
Are patients admitted to hospitals from care homes dehydrated? A retrospective analysis of hypernatraemia and in-hospital mortality
Authors: Anthony Wolff, David Stuckler, Martin McKee
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2015)

Objectives To compare risks of hypernatraemia on admission to hospital in persons who were with those who were not identified as care home residents and evaluate the association of hypernatraemia with in-hospital mortality. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting A National Health Service Trust in London. Participants A total of 21,610 patients aged over 65 years whose first admission to the Trust was between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2013. Main outcome measures Hypernatraemia on admission (plasma Na &gt; 145 mmol/L) and in-hospital death. Results Patients admitted from care homes had 10-fold higher prevalence of hypernatraemia than those from their own homes (12.0% versus 1.3%, respectively; odds ratio [OR]: 10.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.43–13.0). Of those with hypernatraemia, nine in 10 cases were associated with nursing home ECOHOST residency (attributable fraction exposure: 90.5%), and the population attributable fraction of hypernatraemia on admission associated with care homes was 36.0%. After correcting for age, gender, mode of admission and dementia, care home residents were significantly more likely to be admitted with hypernatraemia than were own-home residents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 5.32, 95% CI: 3.85–7.37). Compared with own-home residents, care home residents were also at about a two-fold higher risk of in-hospital mortality compared with non-care home residents (AOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.59–2.45). Consistent with evidence that hypernatraemia is implicated in higher mortality, the association of nursing homes with in-hospital mortality was attenuated after adjustment for it (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.26–2.06). Conclusions Patients admitted to hospital from care homes are commonly dehydrated on admission and, as a result, appear to experience significantly greater risks of in-hospital mortality.
Radiology services for remote communities: cost minimisation study of telemedicine
Authors: P. A. Halvorsen, I. S. Kristiansen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To determine the social costs of providing a rural population with radiology services under three different systems: the existing system (a small x ray unit at the remote site and all other examinations at the nearest radiology department (the host site)); a teleradiology system (most examinations at the remote site and more advanced examinations at the host site); and all examinations at the host site. <b>Design</b>: Cost minimisation study. <b>Setting</b>: Primary health care in a remote community in Norway. <b>Subjects</b>: A randomly selected sample (n=597) of all patients (n=1793) having radiological examinations in 1993. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Annual direct medical costs, direct non-medical (travel) costs, and indirect costs (lost production) of the three options. <b>Results</b>: After exclusion of costs common to the three systems the direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs of the three options were, respectively, £9000, £51 000, and £31 500 (total £91 500) for the existing system; £108 000, £2000, and £13 500 (total £123 500) for the teleradiology option; and £0, £75 000, and £42 000 (£117 000 in total) for the "all at host" option. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the existing system is the least costly option except when lost leisure is valued as highly as lost production. <b>Conclusion</b>: The teleradiology option did not seem to be cost saving in the study community. Such systems, however, may be justified on the grounds of equity of access and quality of care. <h3>Key messages</h3> Few, if any, studies of the cost effectiveness of this technology have been published This study indicates that in remote primary health care, teleradiology is not less costly than conventional technologies Teleradiology may be justified as a means to increase equity in access to high quality health care in remote communities The subject calls for further studies in other countries
Adrenal Cortical and Pituitary Function after Intrarectal Steroid Therapy
Authors: S. G. F. Matts, B. A. Wharton, J. Kelleher, G. Walters
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Among 46 patients who had been treated for thyro- toxicosis between one and nine years previously there were four with complete or nearly complete achlorhydria, of whom two had latent pernicious anaemia.We are indebted to Dr. W.
BMA wants action against violence in NHS
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The BMA has called on the government and the NHS to address the problem of increasing violence against health service staff.

At its annual meeting the association called for a public education campaign funded by the health departments and for NHS trusts to perform a risk assessment of potentially violent areas. It also wanted to see NHS trusts helping staff to bring private prosecutions against perpetrators of violence, punitive measures for offenders, and the judicial system treating assaults on hospital staff in the same way as assaults on the police.

Mr Omer Moghraby, a …
Transluminal Iliac Artery Dilatation
Authors: Charles T. Dotter, Josef Rösch, Janice M. Anderson, Ruza Antonovic, Manfred Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

By means of a reinforced balloon catheter, percutaneous transluminal dilatation was used to treat 48 consecutive cases of atheromatous iliac artery narrowing. With no deaths and little increase in the time and risk of diagnostic arteriography, the procedure was successful in more than 80% of cases, giving immediate luminal enlargement and relief, as judged clinically, for up to six years, the maximum follow-up period. In properly selected patients, this technique should be used in preference to reconstructive vascular surgery. (<i>JAMA</i>230:117-124, 1974)