tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A single base change altered the regulation of the Waxy gene at the posttranscriptional level during the domestication of rice
Authors: H. Y. Hirano, M. Eiguchi, Y. Sano
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

The rice waxy (wx) locus has two functional alleles, Wxa and Wxb, which are defined by a large difference in the amount of the gene product, called Wx protein, that accumulates in mature seeds. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this difference and to identify the base change causing the alteration of the regulation of the Wx gene during rice evolution, we determined the nucleotide sequences of the regulatory region of Wx alleles and analyzed their function in a transient assay system using rice protoplasts. All Wxa alleles from Oryza sativa Indica, O. rufipogon, and O. glaberrima have a normal sequence of GT at the 5' splice junction of the first intron, representing a high expression level of the Wx transcripts in the endosperm and a high beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in protoplasts. On the other hand, Wxb alleles from two strains of O. sativa Japonica have TT at the 5' splice junction, representing a low expression level of the mature transcripts and a low GUS activity. Northern blot analysis also indicated that a larger transcript, consisting of the unspliced first intron, is closely correlated with the function of the Wxb allele. These results suggest that a single base change at the 5' splice junction causes inefficient splicing and, as a result, reduces the level of mature transcript and the GUS activity in the Wxb allele. The Wxb allele in O. saativa Japonica may have been differentiated from the Wxa allele of O. rufipogon, its wild progenitor, by this mutation, and, therefore, a single base change that has altered the regulation of the Wx gene at the posttranscriptional level probably occurred during the domestication of rice.
The standard peritoneal permeability analysis: A tool for the assessment of peritoneal permeability characteristics in CAPD patients
Authors: Marja M. Pannekeet, Alexander L.T. Imholz, Dick G. Struijk, Ger C.M. Koomen, Monique J. Langedijk, Natalie Schouten, Rudi de Waart, Johan Hiralall, Raymond T. Krediet
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
1251 DYSBIOSIS CONTRIBUTES TO FIBROGENESIS IN THE COURSE OF LIVER DAMAGE
Authors: S. De Minicis, C. Rychlicki, L. Agostinelli, S. Saccomanno, L. Trozzi, M. Marzioni, A. Benedetti, G. Svegliati-Baroni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Eligible for flexible training?
Authors: I. Goldberg, J. Maingay
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Part time training used to be for women with “domestic difficulties.” Now the individual wishing to train flexibly must have “well founded reasons.” Ilfra Goldberg and John Maingay discuss the evolution of eligibility criteria 

The need for part time training and work opportunities for doctors unable to train on a full time basis was identified nearly 30 years ago.1 At that time it was noted that most of these doctors were women prevented from practising by domestic or other difficulties.

In 1979 opportunities for part time training were redefined by a Department of Health memorandum,2 reflecting the Equal Opportunities Act of 1974, the sharp increase in the total number of women doctors graduating, and the increased number of women in the workforce. The memorandum sought to ensure that the calibre of part time trainees was comparable to that of full time trainees and that the training posts they occupied had educational approval from the appropriate royal college. The training scheme was specifically for doctors and dentists “able to work only part-time because of domestic commitments, disability, or ill health.” Undertaking other paid work, medical or not, precluded doctors from training part time. Responsibility for assessing these criteria was sometimes assumed by the postgraduate dean and sometimes by the regional health authority. There was competition for part time opportunities; often insufficient staffing approvals were available, and also insufficient funding for many of the required posts. This meant that the eligibility criteria tended to be scrutinised more closely, with those deemed to be more in need being given preference over others. Arrangements varied considerably from region to region and this was reflected in the uptake of part time or flexible training opportunities across the country. …
Effects of pH on molecular mechanisms of chitosan–integrin interactions and resulting tight-junction disruptions
Authors: Li-Wen Hsu, Yi-Cheng Ho, Er-Yuan Chuang, Chiung-Tong Chen, Jyuhn-Huarng Juang, Fang-Yi Su, Shiaw-Min Hwang, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
The Importance of Placebo Effects
Authors: Edzard Ernst
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent publication by Dr Turner and colleagues<sup>1</sup>is a laudable effort to understand the placebo response. The authors confirm that the placebo effect is often misperceived as the unwanted "noise" in a clinical trial that one ought to eliminate. Apart from being only part of the story (the placebo response is also a potentially desirable element that can and should be used for the benefit of the patient), this notion in itself is often interpreted incorrectly. A computerized search (MEDLINE, 1987 through 1993) was conducted identifying all clinical trials that contained the terms "placebo" and "untreated" in their abstracts. Three hundred eighteen such publications were retrieved and studied in detail. In the majority of cases (n=188), the term "untreated" did not refer to an untreated control group, but to the conditions studied (ie, untreated hypertension). Of the remaining 130, 52 had used the term "untreated"
An Address on the Life and Scientific Work of Albrecht Von Graefe
Authors: None Donders
Journal: BMJ (1886)

memory of Albrecht von Graefe, is awarded every ten years by the Ophthalmological Soeiety, meeting annually at Heidelberg, to the man of whatever nation who atiy be designated as having rendered the greatest service to ophthalmology.The ceremony of the first presentation of the medal took place at the close of the Quincentenary Festival of the University of Heidel- berg, on the 9th of August, 1886, Professor von Zehender, of Rostoek, presiding, in presence of the Pro-Rector, Professors, and many dis- tinguished visitors.The President, having opened the assembly in a few appropriate words, called on Professor Donders, of Utrecht, who spoke as follows.]'.The dayys have but just passed in which the University of Heidelberg has brilliantly celebrated its quincentenary festival.From a brilliant present, it can look back with pride upon a glorious past, which dis- plays in every field of human knowledge, both great men and great results.Here on the beautiftil banks of the Neckar, has ophthalm- ology, too, been wont annually to pitch its tent from the dawn of its most modern era.Under the shade of AlMa Mater, the Ophthalmological Society was born.It invites vou this year to a festival com- memoration, and to me has been entrusted the honourable task of addressing you.It was in the autumn of 1857 that Albrecht von Graefe met here for the first time with some of his followers, among whom were Horner von Zehender and Weber, in order to discuss the riost recent advances in ophthalmology.In the next year there appeared also by von Graefe's invitation, Arlt, Muller, and myself.From Heidel- berg, there were also present, Kussmaul and many others.In 1859, the publication of the transactions was resolved on.'So far, the assem-; blage had the form of a congress: every member had the right to introduce frien(s, and every member of the profession might esfter.In 1863, it first formed itself into a " Society," but with very liberal rules, by which the committee was empowered to admit into the society, on the nomination of two members, those oculists who had given evidence of scientific aims.In 1864, it counted already more than 80 members, and amon3g them, Baum, Reute, Coccius, Busch, and Forster, from Germany; Arlt, Gulz, Schellwag von Carion, and Hasner von Artha, from Austria Sichel and DesmaTres, from
Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study
Authors: C Noel Bairey Merz, B.Delia Johnson, Barry L Sharaf, Vera Bittner, Sarah L Berga, Glenn D Braunstein, T.Keta Hodgson, Karen A Matthews, Carl J Pepine, Steven E Reis, Nathaniel Reichek, William J Rogers, Gerald M Pohost, Sheryl F Kelsey, George Sopko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Determination of repaglinide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Jie Zhang, Feng Gao, Xin Guan, Yan-tong Sun, Jing-kai Gu, J. Paul Fawcett
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

A rapid and sensitive method based on high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been developed for the determination of repaglinide in human plasma. The analyte and internal standard (I.S.), diazepam, were extracted from plasma (25 μL) by liquid–liquid extraction with diethyl ether–dichloromethane (60:40, v/v) and separated on a XDB-C18 column using acetonitrile–ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6.8, 0.01 mol/L) as mobile phase. The retention times of repaglinide and I.S. were 1.95 and 2.35 min, respectively. Detection was carried out using API 4000 mass spectrometer with an ESI interface operating in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The assay was linear over the concentration range 0.050–50 ng/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.010 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions (as relative standard deviation, R.S.D.) were ≤5.07% and ≤11.2%, respectively, and accuracy (as relative error, R.E.) was from −0.593% to −1.26%. The assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study involving a single oral administration of a tablet containing 2 mg repaglinide to each of 10 healthy volunteers.
Effect of hypertonic mannitol on microvascular function in hypoxic and reoxygenated rat myocardium
Authors: J. A LIPASTI, K. A ALANEN, T. J NEVALAINEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

The left ventricular resting tension, myocardial perfusability and creatine phosphokinase (CK) release were studied in isolated rat hearts during hypoxia and reoxygenation. The infusion fluid was either isotonic (290 mOsmol·litre−1) or made hypertonic (420 mOsmol·litre−1) by addition of mannitol. The left ventricular tension was measured by an intraventricular balloon connected to a pressure recorder. The myocardial perfusability was tested by infusing fluorescein into the cannulated aortic root and the proportion perfused with fluorescein in horizontal myocardial section was measured by a planimeter. The reoxygenation was carried out for 10 min after 30 and 60 min of hypoxia. The left ventricular resting tension increased to a maximum (myocardial contracture) in 13 min during isotonic hypoxic perfusion and in 9 min in the hypertonic group. The CK release was very significantly lower in the hypertonic hearts (6.4 mIU·cm−3) than in the isotonic hearts (71.3 mIU·cm−3) during 60 min of hypoxia. The CK release was markedly increased during reoxygenation especially after 60 min of hypoxia (“oxygen paradox”) in both isotonic (700 mIU·cm−3) and hypertonic groups (513 mIU·cm−3). The perfusability by fluorescein was 100, 87, 70 and 65% at 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of hypoxia in the isotonic and 100, 70 and 68 and 61% in the hypertonic hearts, respectively. The injury induced by reoxygenation did not further restrict the perfusability. The results show that the myocardial perfusability decreases during the first 15 min of hypoxia in which time the myocardial contracture is completed. The intramyocardial tension generated by the contracture seems to be the main determinant of the impaired perfusability, and hypertonic mannitol does not prevent the deterioration of microvascular function in the hypoxic myocardium in isolated rat heart.
Septic arthritis by Mycoplasma hominis: a case report and review of the medical literature
Authors: C. GARCIA-PORRUA, F. J BLANCO, A. HERNANDEZ, A. ATANES, F. GALDO, R. MOURE, A. ALONSO
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

Septic arthritis caused by Mycoplasma hominis is rarely diagnosed.1 We present a case of M hominis septic arthritis in a renal transplant recipient.

A 36 years old white man receiving haemodialysis was admitted to hospital for renal transplantation. Two weeks later, while taking cyclosporin A, azathioprine, prednisolone, vancomycin, aztreonam, and itraconazole, he developed inflammation of the right knee. Serological examinations for cytomegalovirus (Ig G and M), hepatitis B and C, HIV, and Epstein-Barr virus were negative. A Mantoux test was positive. On physical examination he was not febrile and had arthritis of the right knee. Laboratory findings included a whole blood cell count of 9570/mm3, packed cell volume 22%, platelet count 224 000/mm3, creatinine 5 mg/dl, and uric acid 9 mg/dl. A chest radiograph was normal. A right knee roentgenogram showed soft tissue swelling without erosions or bone lesions. Arthrocentesis yielded 60 cc of cloudy yellow synovial fluid …
Appeal launched to step up research and development for neglected diseases
Authors: Rhona MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A number of Nobel laureates, researchers, doctors, and non-governmental organisations joined the independent foundation Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative last week. This appeals for the development of drugs, diagnostic tests, and vaccines for diseases which mainly affect people in developing countries, and which have therefore been neglected by the pharmaceutical industry.

The appeal was launched simultaneously in London, New Delhi, Nairobi, and Rio de Janeiro and was supported by Medecins Sans Frontieres and Oxfam. The launch was exactly one …
The Mental Condition Nine Years after Meningitis Treated by Frequent Ventricular Puncture
Authors: H. H. C. Gregory
Journal: BMJ (1926)

THBE1BiTtsITsx89tremely rare (except in case of transposition of the heart), this idea is negatived byv the further facts that the aortic second souinid is nearly free from rumble over the aortic cartilage aaid sonetimes quite free from aniy murmiiurish sotind below tlle apex in recumbency, whlereas there is nlo seconfd sound at all over the area of maximnium murmur.
Calmodulin content and activity in normal and coeliac duodenum.
Authors: J Amoah, C Williams, R G Long
Journal: Gut (1992)

Calmodulin is an important modulator of intracellular calcium processes and may be implicated in the calcium malabsorption of coeliac disease. The calmodulin content in extracts of duodenal biopsy specimens from 48 normal control subjects and 28 patients with coeliac disease was determined. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure immunoreactive calmodulin while a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity assay was used to measure biologically active calmodulin. Calmodulin values measured by both assays were similar for control and disease groups. Mean (SEM) immunoreactive calmodulin values were 1.68 (0.09) micrograms/mg protein for controls and 1.67 (0.15) and 1.45 (0.15) micrograms/mg protein for partial and total villous atrophy respectively. These values were not significantly different. Biologically active calmodulin values were 2.77 (0.21), 1.82 (0.34), and 3.24 (0.33) micrograms/mg protein for control, partial, and total villous atrophy subjects respectively. The biologically active calmodulin values in the partial villous atrophy group were significantly lower than in controls and total villous atrophy subjects. In the phosphodiesterase assay, the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine inhibited the activity stimulated by purified calmodulin and by the extracts to the same extent. These results show that calmodulin values are normal in coeliac disease and provide no evidence that changes in calmodulin account for the abnormal calcium absorption in these patients.
Chemical sensitivity: the scientific literature.
Authors: N Fiedler, H Kipen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This article provides an overview of the scientific literature in which chemically sensitive patients have been directly evaluated. For that purpose, consideration of various case definitions is offered along with summaries of subjects' demographic profiles, exposure characteristics, and symptom profiles across studies. Controlled investigations of chemically sensitive subjects without other organic illnesses are reviewed. To date, psychiatric, personality, cognitive/neurologic, immunologic, and olfactory studies have been conducted comparing subjects with primary chemical sensitivity to various control groups. Thus far, the most consistent finding is that chemically sensitive patients have a higher rate of psychiatric disorders across studies and relative to diverse comparison groups. However, since these studies are cross-sectional, causality cannot be implied. Demonstrating the role of low-level chemical exposure in a controlled environment has yet to be undertaken with this patient group and is crucial to the understanding of this phenomenon.
Seasonal occupational asthma in an agricultural products merchant — a case report
Authors: R. Merget, M. Heger, R. Wahl, O. Cromwell, K. Rasche, G. Schultze‐Werninghaus
Journal: Allergy (1994)

A 52‐year‐old agricultural products merchant reported mild occupational asthma and rhinitis throughout the year, with severe asthma from February to May. He had been exposed to various substances, particularly grain, insecticides, fungicides, and fertilizers over 35 years. We identified a castor‐bean‐containing fertilizer as the cause of the disease by skin prick test and bronchial provocation test. Specific IgE against castor bean was detected by enzyme allergosorbent test, and proteins with mol. mass of less than 14.4 kDa and masses of 15.5, 29.5, and 30.5 kDa were identified as allergens by Western blot analysis. The seasonal character of symptoms could be explained by a more frequent use of the fertilizer during spring. Six months after avoidance of the allergen, the patient reported chronic bronchitis without asthma. Occupational allergy to castor bean should be considered in subjects with seasonal asthma and exposure to “natural” fertilizers.
841 BC556, A POTENT, PAN-GENOTYPIC, HIGH BARRIER TO RESISTANCE, SECOND GENERATION CYCLOPHILIN INHIBITOR FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HCV INFECTION
Authors: S.J. Moss, J.A. Garcia-Rivera, P. Leyssen, N. Coates, T. Foster, S. Kendrew, M. Nur-E-Alam, A.E. Stanley, D. Suthar, T. Warneck, J. Neyts, P. Gallay, B. Wilkinson, M.A. Gregory
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Prostaglandin H synthase 1 and 2 immunoreactivities in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatics.
Authors: P Demoly, D Jaffuel, N Lequeux, B Weksler, C Créminon, F B Michel, P Godard, J Bousquet
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Prostaglandin H synthases or cyclooxygenases 1 (PGHS-1) and 2 (PGHS-2) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin endoperoxides, leading to the formation of prostaglandin and thromboxane mediators of inflammation. The expression of these enzymes in the respiratory epithelium has not been determined, although they may be relevant to the pathophysiology of inflammatory disorders such as asthma and chronic bronchitis (CB). We studied PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 immunoreactivity in bronchial biopsies obtained from 22 patients with chronic stable asthma, seven patients with CB, and 12 normal subjects. Both types of PGHS were mainly expressed in the epithelium (basal and ciliated cells), and PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 were found in 21 of 41 and 34 of 41 biopsies, respectively. We did not find any differences in PGHS expression between the patient populations. There were no correlations between any of the clinical parameters studied or the pathologic patterns and the presence and characteristics of the PGHS immunoreactivities. Thus, both PGHS enzymes are expressed in normal human respiratory epithelium and are not quantitatively upregulated in the main bronchi in stable asthma and CB.
Reply to T. Xu et al
Authors: John K. Park
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

We appreciate the interest of Xu et al in our article regarding the National Institutes of Health recurrent glioblastoma scale. With respect to the authors’ first point, we agree that tumors in critical brain regions can lead to low Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores. This is not necessarily the case, however, given that patients with small tumors in speech or motor regions, as well as patients with sometimes even large tumors adjacent to the middle cerebral artery, can experience asymptomatic disease and have high KPS scores. As noted in our article, multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards modeling confirmed the independent prognostic significance of motorspeech-middle cerebral artery score 2 (P .021; HR, 6.02; 95% CI, 1.32 to 27.78) and KPS score 80 (P .030; HR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.12 to 8.62). Xu et al correctly point out that only 3 of 34 patients in the National Institutes of Health cohort and 3 of 109 patients in the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston, MA) cohort had scores of 3 points. This may have been a result of the general hesitancy of patients, families, and/or referring physicians in regard to seeking out additional surgical procedures in the setting of poor performance status and large tumors in critical brain regions. Our data provide indirect evidence to justify this lack of enthusiasm for surgery in this patient population. Despite their relatively small numbers, the short survivals of the patients with scores of 3 in our series clearly distinguish them from patients with scores of 0 or 1-2 (P .001 and P .001, respectively; log-rank test). Alternative score groupings did not lead to more significant differences between the groups. As indicated in the article, patients with a score of 1 or 2 were combined into a single group because they did not significantly differ in survival, but those with a score of 0 did significantly differ from those with a score of 1 or 2 (P .001, log-rank test). The third issue raised by Xu et al—that reoperation is not necessarily indicated in all recurrent cases—is precisely one of the messages we had hoped to convey. Patients with a score of 3 (median survival, 1.0 months; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.1 months) are likely to derive little survival benefit from surgery and should therefore proceed directly to other treatments, such as systemic chemotherapies, if eligible. Patients with scores of 0 (median survival, 10.8 months; 95% CI, 8.9 to 16.7 months) or 1 or 2 (median survival, 4.5 months; 95% CI, 2.7 to 6.1 month) fare much better postoperatively, and surgery followed by enrollment onto a clinical trial should be encouraged when indicated.
The rate-pressure product as an index of myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise in patients with angina pectoris.
Authors: F L Gobel, L A Norstrom, R R Nelson, C R Jorgensen, Y Wang
Journal: Circulation (1978)

In order to evaluate hemodynamic predictors of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), 27 normotensive men with angina pectoris were studied at rest and during a steady state at sympton-tolerated maximal exercise (STME). Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured by the nitrous oxide method using gas chromatography. MBF increased by 71% from a resting value of 57.4 +/- 10.2 to 98.3 +/- 15.6 ml/100 g LV/min (P less than 0.001) during STME while MVO2 increased by 81% from a resting value of 6.7 +/- 1.3 to 12.1 +/- 2.8 ml O2/100 g LV/min (P less than 0.001). MVO2 correlated well with heart rate (HR) (r = 0.79), with HR x blood pressure (BP) (r = 0.83), and, adding end-diastolic pressure and peak LV dp/dt as independent variables, slightly improved this correlation (r = .86). Including the ejection period (tension-time index) did not improve the correlation (r = 0.80). Thus, HR and HR x BP, both easily measured hemodynamic variables, are good predictors of MVO2 during exercise in normotensive patients with ischemic heart disease. Including variables reflecting the contractile state of the heart and ventricular volume may further improve the predictability.