tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Urography: An Atlas and Textbook of Roentgenologic Diagnosis
Authors: Bernard R. Sears
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<i>Clinical Urography</i>instructs us in the performance and interpretation of radiologic studies of genitourinary disease. It covers the subject in three volumes with more than 2,600 illustrations. Sections of text alternate with collections of x-ray films, and every chapter ends with a sizeable bibliography. The films, generally of first quality and clearly reproduced, present an excellent array of common and variant examples. Because of the great range of material and of the sound approach to radiologic practice and diagnosis, this book is recommended for systematic study and for reference. A scholarly, able radiologist seconds my urologic vote: I mention this because<i>Clinical Urography</i>is addressed to a dual readership. Those familiar with the earlier editions will find many changes. New topics have been added and old chapters expanded. Almost 30% of the illustrations are new; the total number is much increased. The first two editions were written by urologists, by
Transplantation characteristics, morphologic features, and interpretation of preputial gland neoplasia in the Fischer 344 rat.
Authors: R R Maronpot, B Ulland, J Mennear
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Preputial gland neoplasms in the Fischer 344 rat are relatively uncommon tumors with a prevalence of approximately 3% in the National Toxicology Program data base. They occur late in life, are well differentiated, and rarely metastasize. Based on studies through 4 serial passages, 10 well-differentiated preputial gland neoplasms transplanted into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic recipients grew to 30 mm within 10 weeks. Recipients died or were sacrificed with large transplanted tumors within 6 months. The morphologic features of the transplanted neoplasms were similar to those of the primary neoplasms through the four passages. Proliferative lesions of the preputial glands comprise a morphological continuum and separation of these growths into categories of hyperplasia, adenoma, and carcinomas is based largely on cytological features and the degree of altered growth patterns. Morphologic features to assist in diagnosis of preputial gland neoplasms and recommendations for interpreting treatment-associated increases of these neoplasms are presented.
Global chromatin profiling reveals NSD2 mutations in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jacob D Jaffe, Yan Wang, Ho Man Chan, Jinghui Zhang, Robert Huether, Gregory V Kryukov, Hyo-eun C Bhang, Jordan E Taylor, Min Hu, Nathan P Englund, Feng Yan, Zhaofu Wang, E Robert McDonald, Lei Wei, Jing Ma, John Easton, Zhengtian Yu, Rosalie deBeaumount, Veronica Gibaja, Kavitha Venkatesan, Robert Schlegel, William R Sellers, Nicholas Keen, Jun Liu, Giordano Caponigro, Jordi Barretina, Vesselina G Cooke, Charles Mullighan, Steven A Carr, James R Downing, Levi A Garraway, Frank Stegmeier
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Energy absorption as a measure of intestinal failure in the short bowel syndrome.
Authors: C A Rodrigues, J E Lennard-Jones, D G Thompson, M J Farthing
Journal: Gut (1989)

Energy absorption from a liquid test meal, intestinal transit rate and water and sodium output over a six hour period were measured in five patients with an ileostomy and 12 patients with the short bowel syndrome, five of whom were on longterm parenteral nutrition. The proportion of total energy absorbed was greatest in the ileostomists (median 87%, range 82-92%), less in short bowel patients not on parenteral nutrition (median 67%, range 59-78%, p less than 0.01) and least in the short bowel group who needed it (median 27%, range 2-63%, p less than 0.01). Transit rate was more rapid in the short bowel patients compared with the ileostomists. A close correlation was observed between percentage energy absorption and the dry weight of the stools/stoma effluent collected during the six hour test period (r = -0.99, p less than 0.001). This simple non-invasive test quantitates the degree of intestinal failure and may be of practical help in management.
Benefit vs Risk
Authors: Allen Wilcox
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To  Editor. —  In his criticism of the timid therapist in  Primum Non Nocere  (238:589, 1977) Ray W. Gifford, Jr, MD, correctly identifies  problem of modern therapeutics as one of risk vs benefit. He betrays an unfortunate bias, however, in his contention that side effects are easy to enumerate, while  is impossible to enumerate lives that have been saved or... suffering and discomfort that have been alleviated. Dr Gifford leaves  reader to infer that we cannot objectively weigh medical risks against rewards. Surely  enumeration of benefits is not only possible but also necessary for therapeutic progress. Surely it has always been more comforting for us to believe that our interventions are beneficial than to study  possibility that they are not.
Bone Metabolic Markers in the Evaluation of Bone Scan Flare Phenomenon in Bone Metastases of Breast Cancer
Authors: MITSURU KOIZUMI, SEIICHI MATSUMOTO, SHUNJI TAKAHASHI, TAKASHI YAMASHITA, ETSURO OGATA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Bone scan flare seriously complicates evaluations of the therapeutic response of bone metastases. The value of bone metabolic markers in monitoring the therapeutic response for bone metastases in breast cancer was assessed. Twenty-three breast cancer patients with bone metastases treated by combined chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) were monitored using bone scans; a bone resorption marker, pyridinoline cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP); a bone formation marker, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAI-p); and a tumor-specific marker (CA15-3). Bone scans were performed before and 3 or 4 months after therapy. After CAF therapy, markers were measured monthly. As a control, the markers of nine patients without bone metastases who received adjuvant CAF therapy were also measured monthly. The therapeutic effect on bone metastases was assessed after the study. Five patients had progression of disease (PD), three had no change (NC), and 15 patients had partial responses (PR). Bone scan flare-up was seen in five PR patients. In patients who received adjuvant therapy, ICTP, BAI-p, and CA15-3 did not change. ICTP increased significantly in PD patients. ICTP did not increase in either NC or PR, including bone scan flare patients. BAI-p and CA15-3 did not show any discernible pattern among PD, PR, flare, and NC patients. Thus measuring ICTP could distinguish PD from NC or PR patients' responses to CAF therapy. This was true also for patients who showed bone scan flare-up. Measuring a bone resorption marker, ICTP, allows clinicians to monitor patients' responses to CAF therapy and may prevent prolonged ineffective therapy or unnecessary changes in therapy as a result of the flare phenomenon.
Isosorbide mononitrate and propranolol compared with propranolol alone for the prevention of variceal rebleeding
Authors: Jérôme Gournay, Claude Masliah, Thierry Martin, Daniel Perrin, Jean-Paul Galmiche
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IM) as an adjunct to propranolol (PR) in the prevention of variceal rebleeding. Ninety-five cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding were randomly assigned to treatment with PR + IM (46 patients) or PR alone (49 patients). Eighteen patients in the PR + IM group and 28 in the PR group had rebleeding during the 2 years after randomization. The actuarial probability of rebleeding 2 years after randomization was lower in the PR + IM group (40.4% vs. 57.4%) but the difference was not significant ( P = .09). However, the decrease in the risk of rebleeding reached statistical significance after stratification according to age, i.e. less than 50 versus ≥50 years old, ( P = .03) or by adding an additional year of follow-up ( P = .05). No significant difference was found in rebleeding index and survival. The multivariate Cox analysis indicated first, that both treatment ( P = .03) and age ( P = .001) were factors predictive of rebleeding and second, that PR + MI reduced the risk of rebleeding by half (relative risk: 0.51, 95% confidence interval: 0.28-0.95). Seven patients in the PR + MI group and 1 patient in the PR group had to discontinue one of the drugs because of adverse events ( P = .03). These results suggest that the addition of IM improves the efficacy of PR alone in the prevention of variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients. However no beneficial effects were observed on other parameters reflecting the efficacy of treatment.
DISCOVERY OF TOXIC INGREDIENT IN JAMAICA GINGER
Authors: Peter Valaer
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —I have read with interest your editorial on Ginger Poison (The Journal, March 25) and wish to call your attention to the second paragraph, in which it is stated that credit is due to the United States Public Health Service for having discovered the real cause of a most baffling series of symptoms of jake paralysis.  The actual discovery of this ingredient—triorthocresyl phosphate, was made by the chemists of the Bureau of Industrial Alcohol and was turned over to the Public Health Service for physiologic tests to determine whether the substance that was found in the adulterated ginger was the ingredient that actually produced paralysis in more than 30,000 cases throughout the United States. It was this laboratory which first determined and isolated the triorthocresyl phosphate as such and determined it quantitatively in numerous samples, and some of this isolated substance was turned over to the Public
Normal HDL–apo AI turnover and cholesterol enrichment of HDL subclasses in New Zealand rabbits with partial nephrectomy
Authors: Paola Toledo-Ibelles, Martha Franco, Elizabeth Carreón-Torres, Gérald Luc, Anne Tailleux, Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón, José Manuel Fragoso, Carlos Aguilar-Salinas, María Luna-Luna, Oscar Pérez-Méndez
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
I-131 Uptake in an Ovarian Tumor
Authors: Otakar Kraft, Lubomir Mrhac, Pavel Sirucek, Jana Dvorackova, Jana Chmelova, Petar Graf, Libor Sevcik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 69-year-old woman was seen with well-differentiated papillary thyroid cancer with metastases in the neck lymph nodes, which was treated twice with 200 mCi (7.4 GBq) I-131. Several diagnostic scans during the next 12 years were negative. The last diagnostic scan with 8 mCi (300 MBq) I-131 revealed a large focus of I-131 uptake in the abdomen. An ultrasound was performed and was compatible with a large anechoic septal mass (21 × 16 × 9 cm) in the right side of the abdomen. Laparotomy with intraoperative evaluation and intraoperative histologic procedure confirmed ovarian granulosa cell tumor.
Nonoperative Determination of Patency of Fallopian Tubes in Sterility
Authors: I. C. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The value of oxygen in conjunction with the roentgen ray as an aid in the diagnosis of obscure abdominal conditions has been demonstrated in a number of recent publications. No ill effects have accompanied or followed the pneumoperitoneum produced by inflation of the abdominal cavity with oxygen gas. The tolerance of the peritoneum for oxygen even in large volume, and the fact that its presence can be detected by fluoroscopy and roentgenography have led to its use as a diagnostic procedure in determining patency of the fallopian tubes. If the gas injected into the uterus under certain measurable pressure would pass into the fallopian tubes, it ought to reach the general peritoneal cavity. In patients with patent fallopian tubes the gas would establish an artificial pneumoperitoneum identical with that produced when injected by direct abdominal puncture. In patients with occluded tubes no such result could be obtained. Accordingly, experiments were
Improving Timely Access to Primary Care
Authors: Mark Murray, Thomas Bodenheimer, Diane Rittenhouse, Kevin Grumbach
Journal: JAMA (2003)

The advanced access model of patient scheduling is based on the core principle that if the capacity to provide patient appointments balances the demand for appointments, patients calling to see their physician are offered an appointment the same day. The accompanying article in the series "Innovations in Primary Care" presents the theory behind advanced access scheduling. In this article we describe 4 case studies of primary care practices that successfully implemented advanced access and 3 examples of practices that were unable to achieve advanced access despite considerable efforts. The lessons of these case studies should be useful for primary care practices desiring to improve timely access to care and wishing to avoid the pitfalls that can derail this innovation.
Human Prostacyclin Synthase Gene and Hypertension
Authors: Naoharu Iwai, Tomohiro Katsuya, Kazuhiko Ishikawa, Toshifumi Mannami, Jun Ogata, Jitsuo Higaki, Toshio Ogihara, Tadashi Tanabe, Shunroku Baba
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I(2)) is a strong vasodilator that inhibits the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and is also the most potent endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Therefore, it has been considered to play an important roles in cardiovascular disease. On the basis of the hypothesis that variations of the prostacyclin synthase gene may also play an important role in human cardiovascular disease, we performed a screening for variations in the human prostacyclin synthase gene.We have detected a repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the human prostacyclin synthase gene. The number of 9-bp (CCGCCAGCC) repeats in the promoter region, which encodes a tandem repeat of Sp1 transcriptional binding sites, varied between 3 and 7 in Japanese subjects. Luciferase reporter analysis indicated that the alleles of 3 and 4 repeats (R3 and R4, respectively) had less promoter activity in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We then investigated the possible association of this repeat polymorphism with blood pressure in a large population-based sample (the Suita Study), which consisted of 4971 Japanese participants. Multivariate models indicated that participants with the R3R3, R3R4, or R4R4 genotype (SS genotype, n=80) had significantly higher systolic pressure (P=0.0133) and pulse pressure (P=0.0005). The odds ratio of hypertension (140/90 mm Hg) for the SS genotype was 1.942 (95% confidence interval 3.20 to 1.19, P=0.0084).Repeat polymorphism of the human prostacyclin synthase gene seems to be a risk factor for higher pulse pressure and is consequently a risk factor for systolic hypertension in the Japanese population.
THE REVERSE SELECTIVE BACTERIOSTATIC ACTION OF ACID FUCHSIN
Authors: John W. Churchman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. Acid fuchsin possesses a bactericidal power, selective as between Gram-negative and Gram-positive spore-bearing aerobic organisms. The selective feature is the reverse of that of gentian violet. 2. This reverse selective activity is also possessed by simpler sulfonated substances and would appear to be dependent in some way on the presence of SO(3) radicals. 3. Selective penetration, if at all concerned in the behavior of gentian violet and acid fuchsin toward bacteria, must play a very minor rôle. 4. In the case of gentian violet the power to kill organisms and the power to prevent their growth run, so far as the selective feature is concerned, parallel. In the case of acid fuchsin, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal selective features do not run parallel. 5. Bacillus pyocyaneus, an organism resistant to gentian violet, is quite susceptible to acid fuchsin. This organism is the cause of annoying and persistent infections in wounds. The observations on the effect of the sulfonated substances may give a lead as to the control of these infections.
Thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: striking association with the presence of circulating lupus anticoagulant.
Authors: M L Boey, C B Colaco, A E Gharavi, K B Elkon, S Loizou, G R Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Background</h3> Positive anti-tTG levels have been associated with reduced weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in clinical celiac disease (CD). However, effects in subclinical CD are not known. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess associations between anti-tTG levels, growth and BMD in children with subclinical CD. <h3>Methods</h3> In a population-based prospective cohort study, serum samples were analysed for anti-tTG levels at 6 years of age. (n = 4<i>,442</i>) Children were categorised into 2 groups: negative (&lt; 7 U/ml, n = 4<i>,249</i>), or positive anti-tTG ( &gt;7 U/ml, n = 5<i>7</i>). Positive tTG levels were further categorised into 2 categories based on the &gt; 10 times upper limit of normal (ULN) levels (70 U/ml). Height, weight and BMI z-scores were obtained using Dutch reference growth charts. BMD was measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Multivariable linear regression and linear mixed models were performed. <h3>Results</h3> Delayed growth in weight SDS/year (-0.05; 95% CI -0.09,-0.01) and BMI SDS/year (-0.10; 95% CI -0.18, -0.01) from 6 months until 6 years was observed in children with positive anti-tTG levels. Height growth tended to be delayed over time (-0.02 SDS/year; 95% CI -0.06, 0.02). A lower height (-0.29; 95% CI -0.55,-0.04), weight (-0.38; 95% CI -0.64,-0.12), BMI (-0.26 95% CI -0.49,-0.03) and BMD (-0.26; 95% CI -0.45, -0.08) at 6 years of age was found in children with positive anti-tTG levels. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Positive anti-tTG levels in children without gastrointestinal symptoms at 6 years of age were associated with reduced BMD and delayed growth trajectories until 6 years. This suggests that subclinical CD has consequences for BMD and normal growth.
Intravascular filarial parasites inhibit platelet aggregation. Role of parasite-derived prostanoids.
Authors: L X Liu, P F Weller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The nematode parasites that cause human lymphatic filariasis survive for long periods in their vascular habitats despite continual exposure to host cells. Platelets do not adhere to blood-borne microfilariae, and thrombo-occlusive phenomena are not observed in patients with circulating microfilariae. We studied the ability of microfilariae to inhibit human platelet aggregation in vitro. Brugia malayi microfilariae incubated with human platelets caused dose-dependent inhibition of agonist-induced platelet aggregation, thromboxane generation, and serotonin release. As few as one microfilaria per 10(4) platelets completely inhibited aggregation of platelets induced by thrombin, collagen, arachidonic acid, or ionophore A23187. Microfilariae also inhibited aggregation of platelets in platelet-rich plasma stimulated by ADP, compound U46619, or platelet-activating factor. The inhibition required intimate proximity but not direct contact between parasites and platelets, and was mediated by parasite-derived soluble factors of low (less than 1,000 Mr) molecular weight that were labile in aqueous media and caused an elevation of platelet cAMP. Prior treatment of microfilariae with pharmacologic inhibitors of cyclooxygenase decreased both parasite release of prostacyclin and PGE2 and microfilarial inhibition of platelet aggregation. These results indicate that microfilariae inhibit platelet aggregation, via mechanisms that may include the elaboration of anti-aggregatory eicosanoids.
A Practical Model of Diabetes Management and Education
Authors: Russell E Glasgow
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

This article discusses an evolving conceptual model of diabetes self-management and patient education. The model contains three primary levels or stages: 1) social environment and contextual factors, which have received little research attention; 2) patient-health care provider interactions, self-management behaviors, and short-term physiological outcomes, which constitute an ongoing cycle of care feedback system; and 3) longer term health and quality-of-life outcomes, which include the major societal costs of treating diabetes complications. The assessment and intervention implications of factors within each of these levels are discussed, with emphasis on both low-cost system-wide activities appropriate for all patients and higher cost activities and resources (e.g., intensive management à la the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) for appropriately targeted or higher risk patients. I hope that such a systems approach to diabetes management can help reduce victim blaming (whether the victim is the noncompliant patient or the insensitive provider). Such conceptual models, if practically oriented, may help accelerate the development, evaluation, and dissemination of programs that facilitate both patient and health care team adherence to recommended guidelines for diabetes care.
Metered-Dose Inhalers: Drug Delivery Over the Life of a Canister-Reply
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —Since the time that AeroBid was approved in 1984, the requirements for its type of dose delivery system have been revised as our understanding of these medications has increased. Aerosolized steroid medications are currently required to demonstrate, among other properties, adequate puff-to-puff reproducibility over the claimed life of the canister.  A frequent complexity that arises is the problem of the number of doses vs the number of actuations. The canisters are labeled with the number of actuations. Because a certain number of these are normally expended in the priming of the valve by the patient at the time of dosing, the number of actuations that are available for dosing is lower. Thus, a patient who takes two puffs twice a day theoretically could expect 25 days of medication from a 100-spray canister. However, if the unit is primed once a day, the duration drops to 20 days, and
C-terminal ADAMTS-18 fragment induces oxidative platelet fragmentation, dissolves platelet aggregates, and protects against carotid artery occlusion and cerebral stroke
Authors: Zongdong Li, Michael A. Nardi, Yong-Sheng Li, Wei Zhang, Ruimin Pan, Suying Dang, Herman Yee, David Quartermain, Saran Jonas, Simon Karpatkin
Journal: Blood (2009)