tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Linking environmental agents and autoimmune disease: an agenda for future research.
Authors: M K Selgrade, G S Cooper, D R Germolec, J J Heindel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Autoimmune diseases are influenced by multiple factors including genetics, age, gender, reproductive status, hormones, and potential environmental contaminants. A workshop, "Linking Environmental Agents and Autoimmune Diseases," was convened at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 1-3 September 1998, to review current knowledge about links between environmental exposures and autoimmune disease, to identify and prioritize research needs, and to develop an integrated, multidisciplinary research agenda. Participants spent the last half-day of the workshop in small group discussions for the purpose of developing consensus on research needs. Research needs identified were a) develop research tools needed to explore links between environmental agents and autoimmune disease; b) establish a disease registry or surveillance system; c) develop and validate strategies for screening chemicals for the potential to induce or exacerbate autoimmune disease; d) develop an emergency response strategy to gain information from accidental exposures; and e) conduct hypothesis-driven research in occupationally exposed groups and/or in experimental animals. There was consensus that meetings like this workshop and projects that facilitate interactions between specialties should be encouraged. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to address this problem.
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and lupus disease severity: a promising link
Authors: M Saeed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

The objective of cardiac stress testing is to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) and to prevent future adverse events, such as myocardial infarction or death. The progression from electrocardiographically based stress testing to current SPECT and PET technologies has brought improvements in diagnostic efficacy and resolution. Myocardial perfusion imaging facilitates management of CAD in elective and acute settings by providing valuable diagnostic and prognostic information. Hybrid PET/CT and SPECT/CT systems impart complementary information of coronary anatomy and its physiologic significance on blood flow reserve. In the current era, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease is increasingly defined by underlying molecular and genomic aberrations rather than by clinical signs and symptoms alone. Nuclear imaging is uniquely primed to exploit the targeting of expressed cell-surface molecules and intracellular processes of cardiovascular disease and to foster the development of innovative therapeutic interventions in the future.
HYPERMOBILITY OF JOINTS AS A SEX LINKED HEREDITARY CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: J. ALBERT KEY
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This is a report of what might be termed a "double jointed" family, in which the abnormal mobility of the joints is present in all the male members and is absent in all the females. Other than an occasional brief description of a contortionist in some of the older medical journals, I have not found hypermobility of otherwise normal joints mentioned in the literature. The term hypermobility of joints suggests the question, What is the normal range of motion in the various joints? An answer to that question presents many difficulties and will not be attempted in this paper. It can be stated, however, that there may be considerable differences in the range of motion in the corresponding normal joints of different individuals, and that, as a rule, the joints of slender persons can be moved through wider arcs than can the corresponding joints of persons of the heavy type.
Comparison of polysomnography with ResCare Autoset in the diagnosis of the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome.
Authors: P A Bradley, I L Mortimore, N J Douglas
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Increasing referral numbers make the development of simplified accurate methods of diagnosing the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome highly desirable. The accuracy of one such system--the ResCare Autoset--has been examined. METHODS--Thirty one consecutive patients assessed by polysomnography had simultaneous monitoring of their respiratory pattern using the Autoset system. The Autoset detects episodes of flattening of the flow/time profile using nasal cannulae. RESULTS--There was a good correlation (r = 0.85) between the number of apnoeas+hypopnoeas/hour in bed recorded using polysomnography and the Autoset system. The median difference in such events was 3.1 (95% confidence interval 8.4 to -1.6)/hour in bed. In two patients the Autoset scored 70 apnoeas+hypopnoeas/hour in bed compared with 34 apnoeas+hypopnoeas with 35 arousals/hour in bed by polysomnography; however, this did not alter the diagnostic category of either patient. Autoset gave a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92%, positive predictive value of 92%, and negative predictive value of 100%, which was better than oximetry alone. A sleep study using the Autoset system costs 14 pounds compared with 126 pounds for polysomnography. CONCLUSIONS--The Autoset is clinically useful for diagnosing the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome.
Psychological Stress, Neuroimmunomodulation, and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases in Animals and Man: A Review
Authors: Massimo Biondi, Luca-Gionata Zannino
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

This article reviews research on the role of psychological stress, personality, social support and other psychosocial factors in bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. After 100 years of research on man and animals, psychological stress is considered as a potential cofactor in the pathogenesis of infectious disease. Psychological stress seems able to alter the susceptibility of animals and man to infectious agents, influencing the onset, course and outcome of certain infectious pathologies. Many experiments have identified in neuroimmunomodulation the principal mediator of the alterations associated with conditions of stress. The development of psychoneuroimmunology has fostered in-depth study of the complex relationship between psychosocial factors, the central nervous system, the immune system and infectious disease. Although antimicrobial drugs have certainly remained the basis of all anti-infective therapy, this type of study has already led some authors to propose and experiment protocols of psychological intervention or psychoimmunotherapy in pathologies such as tuberculosis, or herpes simplex virus or human immunodeficiency virus infections. The psychoneuroimmunological approach to infectious diseases will probably grow in importance in the future not only in the setting of research in psychosomatic medicine but also in that of clinical microbiology.
Outcome of pregnancies associated with raised serum and normal amniotic fluid alpha fetoprotein concentrations.
Authors: I Corry, D Whyler
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The prognosis of the disease appears to be more accurately indicated by the intensity with which Helix pomatia lectin binds to primary breast cancer cells than by lymph node involvement.This binding reflects expression of N-acetyl-galactosaminyl glyco- conjugates in the cancer cells.There may be many different glycoconjugates but it would be interesting to know whether CA 50 contains N-acetyl-galactosamine.Professor Holmgren's group suggests that formation of new abnormal carbohydrate structures may be caused by activation of normally unexpressed glycosyltransferases.The observed changes, however, could be due to increased levels of normal glycosyltransferases.We raised an antibody to sialytransferase isolated from human milk, and found a tendency for primary breast cancer with a poor prognosis to show greater binding of this antibody than cancer with a good prognosis.This finding is also of interest because increased sialic acid concentrations have been implicated in increased metastatic potential.
The Physician and Hypertension
Authors: Melvin D. Cheitlin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

HYPERTENSION is a disease affecting 23 million Americans—a public health menace of great magnitude. We have the means to control hypertension in the great majority of patients, and there is convincing evidence that such control will reduce morbidity and mortality. With such knowledge and capability, why do we still have 50% of hypertensives unaware that they have the disease, while many others are not on adequate treatment (or any treatment).<sup>1</sup>Where lies the fault? With the patient, the doctor, or both? The National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) has undertaken to coordinate a National Program of Information and Education to educate the public and alert the medical profession to the problem of "hidden" hypertension. As part of this program, the NHLI contracted with Louis Harris and Associates to conduct a survey of current public awareness and knowledge of high blood pressure. The survey was carefully designed and carried out
The Relationship Between Plasma Levels of Oxidized and Reduced Thiols and Early Atherosclerosis in Healthy Adults
Authors: Salman Ashfaq, Jerome L. Abramson, Dean P. Jones, Steven D. Rhodes, William S. Weintraub, W. Craig Hooper, Viola Vaccarino, David G. Harrison, Arshed A. Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Protection against acetaminophen-induced liver injury and lethality by interleukin 10: Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Mohammed Bourdi, Yasuhiro Masubuchi, Timothy P. Reilly, Hamid R. Amouzadeh, Jackie L. Martin, John W. George, Anjali G. Shah, Lance R. Pohl
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Mechanistic study of idiosyncratic drug-induced hepatitis (DIH) continues to be a challenging problem because of the lack of animal models. The inability to produce this type of hepatotoxicity in animals, and its relative rarity in humans, may be linked to the production of anti-inflammatory factors that prevent drug-protein adducts from causing liver injury by immune and nonimmune mechanisms. We tested this hypothesis by using a model of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice. After APAP treatment, a significant increase was observed in serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13, cytokines that regulate inflammatory mediator production and cell-mediated autoimmunity. When IL-10 knockout (KO) mice were treated with APAP, most of these mice died within 24 to 48 hours from liver injury. This increased susceptibility to APAP-induced liver injury appeared to correlate with an elevated expression of liver proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In this regard, mice lacking both IL-10 and iNOS genes were protected from APAP-induced liver injury and lethality when compared with IL-10 KO mice. All strains, including wild-type animals, generated similar amounts of liver APAP-protein adducts, indicating that the increased susceptibility of IL-10 KO mice to APAP hepatotoxicity was not caused by an enhanced formation of APAP-protein adducts. In conclusion, these findings suggest that an important feature of the normal response to drug-induced liver injury may be the increased expression of anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-10. Certain polymorphisms of these factors may have a role in determining the susceptibility of individuals to idiosyncratic DIH.
Rectal administration of metronidazole in severely ill patients.
Authors: E M Barker, J M Aitchison, J S Cridland, L W Baker
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Ten severely ill patients with life threatening sepsis received metronidazole as suppositories and blood concentrations of the drug were measured twice daily over five days. Therapeutic blood concentrations of metronidazole were maintained at all times in all patients. Rectal administration of metronidazole is accepted as effective prophylaxis against infection associated with surgery and as treatment of established infection. This study shows that in gravely ill patients metronidazole administered as suppositories gives perfectly adequate therapeutic serum concentrations of the drug, but that to achieve these concentrations rapidly the first suppository should be given with an intravenous loading dose.
Stimulated human lamina propria T cells manifest enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis.
Authors: M Boirivant, R Pica, R DeMaria, R Testi, F Pallone, W Strober
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Lamina propria (LP) T cells respond poorly to a proliferative stimulus delivered via TCR/CD3 pathway, but retain considerable ability to respond to a stimulus delivered via CD2 costimulatory or accessory pathway. In the present study, we showed first that unstimulated LP T cells, as compared to unstimulated peripheral blood (PB) T cells, exhibit an increased level of apoptosis which is further increased following CD2 pathway stimulation, but not following via TCR/CD3 pathway stimulation. We next showed that IL-2 had a sparing effect on apoptosis of unstimulated LP T cells in that IL-2 decreased and anti-IL-2 increased apoptosis of these cells; in contrast, IL-2 had no effect on apoptosis of CD2-pathway stimulated cells. Finally, we showed that increased apoptosis of LP T cells induced by CD2-pathway stimulation is inhibited when Fas antigen is blocked by a nonstimulatory anti-Fas antibody. These studies suggest that LP T cells are characterized by increased susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis most due to a downstream change in the Fas signaling pathway. Given that IFN-gamma secretion is significantly increased in LP T cells in which apoptosis is inhibited, this feature of LP T cells may represent a mechanism of regulating detrimental immune responses in the mucosal environment.
Fatal immune haemolysis associated with nomifensine.
Authors: R J Sokol, S Hewitt, D J Booker, R Stamps, M Taylor, R M Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1985)

patients undergoing dialysis were excluded and the remaining patients with uraemia compared with the controls a pronounced delay in gastric emptying was apparent (figure). CommentDelayed gastric emptying was shown in patients with symptomatic uraemia compared with asymptomatic controls.This abnormality may be confined to patients with uraemia not undergoing dialysis, and our observation of normal gastric emptying in three of four uraemic patients receiving dialysis confirms a previous report, which found no disturbance in gastric motility in 10 patients with renal failure under- going haemodialysis.Possible explanations for the delay in gastric emptying include electrolyte disturbance, uraemic toxins, raised plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones, and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.The influence of symptoms such as nausea on gastric function must also be considered as it is not clear whether delayed gastric emptying causes these symptoms or is a consequence of them.Our finding may aid the interpretation of pharmacokinetic data in patients with uraemia and it provides a rationale for using drugs that promote gastric emptying in uraemic patients with nausea and vomiting.4 51 McCallum RW, Berkowitz DM, Lerner E. Gastric emptying in patients with
The Clinical Learning Environment
Authors: Kevin B. Weiss, James P. Bagian, Thomas J. Nasca
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cerebral vascular disease.
Authors: Harold D. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The book is composed of a series of talks given by a galaxy of the outstanding authorities in this field at a conference held at Princeton, N.J., on Jan. 4 to 6, 1961, under the auspices of the American Neurological Association and the American Heart Association, and supported by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness. The discussions bring together a "distillate of what is new" in occlusive cerebrovascular disease and highlight the growing "realization of the importance to cerebral vascular accidents of vascular disease outside of the head and the amazing skill and know-how that has resulted in a safe operative therapy." The general scheme of the conference was to consider focal ischemic cerebrovascular disease in three phases: (1) incipient or impending stroke (focal intermittent insufficiency or ischemic attacks), (2) progressing stroke, and (3) completed stroke. There are chapters on clinical diagnosis; neuroophthalmologic features; flourescent appearance time; arteriography;
PWE-071 Safe Sedation in Endoscopy: Time for a New Approach?
Authors: N Zakeri, S Webster, S Coda, A Humphries, A V Thillainayagam
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Despite increasing awareness of the potential hazards of endoscopic sedation, complications from sedation remain a major concern. Serious harm or death resulting from sedation overdose is now a Department of Health ‘never event’<sup>1</sup>. Previous work by our group (2000–2005) demonstrated a steady sedation reversal incidence of 0.27%. Trust guidelines, in line with the current British Society of Gastroenterology safe sedation guidelines (2003)<sup>2</sup>, were developed in 2005 (revised 2011). We present the results of a retrospective survey, evaluating whether the incidence and risk factors for sedation reversal events have changed. <h3>Methods</h3> Our Trust is a large tertiary referral endoscopic centre across 3 sites. A retrospective analysis of all endoscopy (n = 73,989) was performed, including all sedated endoscopic procedures carried out between 2007 and 2012 (n = 52,553). Flumazenil or naloxone administration was used as a marker of sedation overdose requiring reversal. The results were compared to the previous single-site audit of 2000 to 2005 (n = 20,569). Reversal episodes were analysed for associations with total sedation dose given, patient ASA grade, age and procedure undertaken. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi squared test and the linear regression model (Origin®). <h3>Results</h3> In total 149 sedation reversals were recorded, representing 0.28% of all sedated endoscopic procedures, with no significant difference from the reversal rate (0.27%) recorded between 2000 and 2005 (p = 0.79). Mean dose of midazolam used in reversal events was 3.1mg (range 0.5–14mg). Mean dose of opioid (as pethidine equivalent) was 47.9mg (range 12.5–150mg). Higher than recommended doses of midazolam (5mg) or opioid (pethidine equivalent 50mg) were administered in 7.4% and 6.7% of reversal events, respectively. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was most associated with sedation reversal (1%). Mean dose of midazolam varied by procedure type and was highest for ERCP (5.1±2.9mg) and lowest for flexible sigmoidoscopy (1.7±0.6mg; p &lt; 0.01). Mean dose of pethidine or opioid equivalent was highest for ERCP (78±38.7mg) and lowest for colonoscopy (33±13.4mg; p &lt; 0.01). Sedation reversal was positively associated with increasing patient ASA grade (p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite the emergence of national and local guidelines, aimed at safe sedation practise, there was no decline in our Trust’s rate of sedation reversals over the last 12 years. Furthermore, the findings suggest there is a subgroup of patients, and a subset of endoscopic procedures, which still carry a significant risk of oversedation requiring reversal. This may support the growing interest in alternative sedation strategies for prolonged therapeutic endoscopic procedures such as ERCP. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> DOH ‘Never Events’ 2012/13 Safety and Sedation During Endoscopic Procedures, BSG 2003.
Cloning and chromosomal localization of a human kidney cDNA involved in cystine, dibasic, and neutral amino acid transport.
Authors: W S Lee, R G Wells, R V Sabbag, T K Mohandas, M A Hediger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have recently cloned, sequenced, and characterized a rat kidney cDNA (D2) that stimulates cystine as well as dibasic and neutral amino acid transport. In order to evaluate the role of this protein in human inherited diseases such as cystinuria, we have isolated a human D2 clone (D2H) by low stringency screening of a human kidney cDNA library using the radiolabeled D2 insert as a probe. The D2H cDNA is 2284 nucleotides long and encodes a 663 amino acid protein that is 80% identical to the rat D2 amino acid sequence and 86% to that of the rabbit homologue rBAT. Microinjection of in vitro transcribed D2H cRNA into Xenopus oocytes induced uptake of cystine as well as dibasic and neutral amino acids in a pattern similar to that of rat D2 and rabbit rBAT. Both neutral and dibasic amino acids inhibited the D2H-induced uptake of cystine. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that D2H, like D2 and rBAT, is expressed strongly in the kidney and intestine. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from a panel of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids showed that the human gene for D2H resides on chromosome 2.
Switching prescription drugs to over the counter: Willingness to buy statin over the counter is not related to risk of heart disease
Authors: Jerry Quill, Richard Martin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Appropriate self treatment is an important aspect of both the European and American healthcare systems.1 In August 2004 simvastatin 10 mg (Zocor Heart-Pro) became the first statin approved for over the counter sale by pharmacists for people at “moderate” risk of a major coronary event.2 Is this is another ill conceived example of “creeping privatisation” or a reasonable attempt to empower …
684 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MRI PARAMETERS, MANGANESE LEVELS AND PBC-40 QUESTIONNAIRE DATA IN PRE-CIRRHOTIC PBC PATIENTS
Authors: L. Southern, V.P. Grover, J. Worthington, M. Thyssen, M. Wylezinska-Arridge, N. Patel, D.J. Larkman, R. Chapman, S.D. Taylor-Robinson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Platelets and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Robert I. Handin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Over a century ago, the German pathologist Rudolf Virchow presented a hypothesis that three factors — vessel injury, altered blood flow, and changes in blood coagulability — were responsible for vascular thrombosis. This concept, now immortalized as “Virchow's triad,” has become the central paradigm to explain venous and arterial thromboembolism. Venous thrombi contain few platelets, abundant fibrin, and many trapped red cells; they are produced by the activation of the plasma coagulation system and form in areas of stasis. They are effectively treated with anticoagulants such as heparin that retard the generation of thrombin and the formation of fibrin. In . . .