tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Crohn’s appendicitis
Authors: A. Tursi, A. Penna
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

In September 2009, a 43-year-old woman underwent colonoscopy for investigation of recurrent pain in the lower right abdominal quadrant. She also had recurrent diarrhea (three to four movements/day) with dark blood. After exclusion of intestinal infection and parasitic infestation, colonoscopy with retrograde ileoscopy was carried out. Endoscopy showed normal appearance of the colon and the last 20 cm of the ileum, however, the mucosa in the periappendiceal region and appendiceal foramen was inflamed, with diffuse erosions and complete loss of the vascular pattern ([Fig. 1]).
A SIMPLE AND ACCURATE COLORIMETER FOR CLINICAL USE
Authors: Alvin R. Peebles
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The colorimeter here described, which we have chosen to call the "Denison Laboratories colorimeter," has been in constant use in the Henry S. Denison Research Laboratories and in the Laboratory of Biochemistry of the University of Colorado for a period of more than a year. It was designed in an attempt to devise for the use of the clinician a simple instrument which does not lose, because ofits simplicity, any great degree of accuracy. As the number of students who have used the colorimeter is now quite large, it seems best, in order to establish the identity of the instrument, to describe it without delay and without relation to other papers on methods and technic which are now in preparation. The materials out of which the colorimeter is constructed consist of an ordinary Pillsbury slide box designed to hold twenty-five microscope slides, two test tubes graduated to 30 c.c. in
A STUDY OF PLASMA PROTEIN ALTERATIONS IN RABBITS INFECTED WITH TYPE I PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: Ralph F. Jacox, Alexandra Feldmahn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

An investigation of the plasma protein changes in rabbits infected intradermally with Type I pneumococci has been carried out, utilizing a cationic detergent method of protein fractionation. A consistent pattern of change was observed. There was an increase in the alpha globulins and fibrinogen concentration which reached maximal levels at the height of the infection. Albumin fell to a minimal concentration when the increment of alpha globulins and fibrinogen was greatest. The beta-gamma concentration showed a significant decrease during the most severe phase of the infection but returned to normal several days after spontaneous subsidence of bacteremia. The magnitude of these plasma protein alterations depended on the severity of the infection and the response of the host. Significantly greater changes were observed in rabbits severely bacteremic than in those with mild bacteremia. Administration of penicillin suppressed the infection and decreased the usual plasma protein alterations. Injection of cortisone prior to the onset of the Type I pneumococcus infection caused an early inhibition of the expected plasma protein changes, but later the protein pattem developed in the same manner as it did in the severely infected animals.
Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Parapericardial Masses
Authors: Frank P. Cardello
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Richard O. Friday, MD (226:82, 1973), described the ultrasound B scan as an aid in the diagnosis of pericardial cysts. We wish to point out that lesions appearing cystic by ultrasound B scan may not always be fluid filled.  Report of a Case.—  A 20-year-old white asymptomatic woman was seen in consultation because of an abnormal chest roentgenogram. A smooth, sharply demarcated circumscribed mass measuring 12 cm in diameter was identified at the right anterior aspect of the heart. Fluoroscopic examination showed a narrow pedicle. The mass was not pulsatile. The roentgenographic impression was a pericardial cyst. It was later noted that mediastinal widening was present (Fig 1). An ultrasound B scan examination revealed that the right paracardiac mass had excellent through-transmission at low gain, which exceeded that of the heart. The far border of the mass was smooth and no internal echoes were noted at medium
Racial bias: the college, the council, the authors, the journal
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To assess the diagnostic usefulness of temporal artery biopsy in temporal arteritis (TA) and establish clinical features capable of predicting its positivity we have retrospectively studied the biopsy specimens and the clinical features of 103 patients who had undergone temporal artery biopsy. Temporal artery biopsy reached a positive predictive value of 90.2% with respect to the final diagnosis based on the criteria proposed by Ellis and Ralston and the clinical course. The simultaneous presence of recent onset headache, jaw claudication, and abnormalities of the temporal arteries on physical examination had a specificity of 94.8% with respect to the histological diagnosis and of 100% with respect to final diagnosis. The presence of any of these clinical features, though of little specificity (34.4%), had a sensitivity of 100% with respect to histological diagnosis, selecting a group of patients in whom temporal artery biopsy has more discriminative value.
Diuretic Renography in Late Occurrence of Hematoma After Renal Transplantation
Authors: Stephen B. Chiang, Alden Doyle, Abass Alavi, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Postoperative hematomas after renal transplantation usually occur days or weeks after surgery. The authors report a case of hematoma presenting approximately 2.5 years posttransplantation. Computed tomography scans as well as diuretic radionuclide renography were used to assess renal status and function.
The Relationship between Tumor Blood Flow, Angiogenesis, Tumor Hypoxia, and Aerobic Glycolysis
Authors: Leif Østergaard, Anna Tietze, Thomas Nielsen, Kim Ryun Drasbek, Kim Mouridsen, Sune Nørhøj Jespersen, Michael R. Horsman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Antiangiogenic therapies are being pursued as a means of starving tumors of their energy supply. Although numerous studies show that such therapies render tumors hypoxic, just as many studies have, surprisingly, shown improved tumor oxygenation. These contradicting findings challenge both the original rationale for antiangiogenic therapy and our understanding of the physiology of tissue oxygenation. The flow-diffusion equation, which describes the relation between blood flow and the extraction of freely diffusible molecules in tissue, was recently extended to take the heterogeneity of capillary transit times (CTH) into account. CTH is likely to be high in the chaotic microvasculature of a tumor, increasing the effective shunting of blood through its capillary bed. We review the properties of the extended flow-diffusion equation in tumor tissue. Elevated CTH reduces the extraction of oxygen, glucose, and cytotoxic molecules. The extent to which their net extraction is improved by antiangiogenic therapy, in turn, depends on the extent to which CTH is normalized by the treatment. The extraction of oxygen and glucose are affected to different extents by elevated CTH, and the degree of aerobic glycolysis-known as the Warburg effect-is thus predicted to represent an adaptation to the CTH of the local microvasculature.
Fatal Familial Insomnia and Dysautonomia with Selective Degeneration of Thalamic Nuclei
Authors: Elio Lugaresi, Rossella Medori, Pasquale Montagna, Agostino Baruzzi, Pietro Cortelli, Alessandra Lugaresi, Paolo Tinuper, Marco Zucconi, Pierluigi Gambetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The thalamus is affected in diffuse degenerative processes of the nervous system.1 2 3 4 5 However, it has not been established whether a genetically determined degenerative disease may be limited to selected thalamic nuclei.We report here the case of a 53-year-old man who presented with progressive insomnia and dysautonomia (pyrexia, diaphoresis, miosis, and sphincter disturbances). Dreamlike status, dysarthria, tremor, and myoclonus subsequently developed and led to coma and death after nine months.6 Two sisters of the patient and many relatives over three generations had died of a similar disease. Pathological studies of the brains of the patient and one of his sisters . . .
Fetal safety of loratadine use in the first trimester of pregnancy: A multicenter study
Authors: Myla E. Moretti, Daniela Caprara, Christopher J. Coutinho, Benjamin Bar-Oz, Mati Berkovitch, Antonio Addis, Elena Jovanovski, Lavínia Schüler-Faccini, Gideon Koren
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Suppressive vaccination with DNA encoding a variable region gene of the T–cell receptor prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis and activates Th2 immunity
Authors: Ari Waisman, Pedro J. Ruiz, David L. Hirschberg, Avraham Gelman, Jorge R. Oksenberg, Stefan Brocke, Felix Mor, Irun R. Cohen, Lawrence Steinman
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
US government agency to investigate FDA over rofecoxib
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The US Government Accountability Office, a regulatory watch-dog on federal government spending, is to investigate claims that the Food and Drug Administration attempted to silence one of its senior medical officers when he tried to warn that rofecoxib (Vioxx) caused heart attacks and strokes.

The drug was withdrawn on 30 September by its manufacturers, Merck, after a study found a fourfold increase in serious thromboembolic adverse events in patients receiving rofecoxib compared with patients receiving placebo ( BMJ 2004;329: 816, 9 Oct).

David Graham, associate director for science in the FDA Drug Center's Office of Drug Safety, said that he was subjected to “veiled threats” …
Predictive Index for Renal Replacement Therapy—Reply
Authors: Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Keyvan Karkouti, W. Scott Beattie
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quality control for drug monitoring.
Authors: A Richens
Journal: BMJ (1977)

with permanent injury.These injuries had usually been caused by collision with other swimmers or the side or bottom of the pool rather than by the catapult effect described.The cases described by Dr J6nasson emphasise the seriousness of injuries which may be associated with the use of this popular type of goggle which incorporates a strong elastic band.In the light of these reports the society is continuing to discourage their use during teaching sessions and proposes to seek the opinion of other organisations responsible for other aquatic activities.
Efficacy and safety of bortezomib in patients with renal impairment: results from the APEX phase 3 study
Authors: J F San-Miguel, P G Richardson, P Sonneveld, M W Schuster, D Irwin, E A Stadtmauer, T Facon, J-L Harousseau, D Ben-Yehuda, S Lonial, H Goldschmidt, D Reece, J Bladé, M Boccadoro, J D Cavenagh, R Neuwirth, A L Boral, D-L Esseltine, K C Anderson
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Making inferences on treatment effects from real world data: propensity scores, confounding by indication, and other perils for the unwary in observational research
Authors: N. Freemantle, L. Marston, K. Walters, J. Wood, M. R. Reynolds, I. Petersen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Propensity score based methods are used increasingly to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments when evidence from randomised trials is not available. However, users need to be aware of their strengths and limitations
Patterns and distribution of tobacco consumption in India: Impact of religion was not considered
Authors: Kawaldip Singh Sehmi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Future of Kerala depends on its willingness to learn from pastEditor-The Kerala model in health, cited by Bhutta et al in the theme issue on health in South Asia as replicable for South Asian countries, 1 is facing serious threats.The state has a triple burden of communicable, non-communicable, and traumatic diseases.Stupendous growth of the private sector has resulted in skyrocketing healthcare costs.Lured by the hi tech sophistication of the private sector, people are abandoning basic principles of primary health care.Even poor people prefer private hospitals, and a major reason for sustaining poverty is healthcare cost. 2 The government is reducing its investments in health and education due to fiscal crises and pressure from funding and lending agencies.The opening up of the medical education sector to private entrepreneurs, lack of guidelines for the private practice of government doctors, and shortage of doctors for rural areas are all disturbing developments.Transfer of healthcare institutions under local self-governments is yet to show the desired benefits.The state is developing a long term plan, "Health Vision Kerala 2025," and a health policy.To equip the primary healthcare workforce to face the emerging challenges, 3 job responsibilities were redefined recently.Factors that determined the successful Kerala model, among others, include historically prevalent social justice, commitment of governments to health and education, land reforms, an organised public distribution system, streamlined primary health care, and an organised labour sector.Deterioration in these determinants is likely to have strong negative impact.Kerala should learn from its past to avoid the sad plight of some other Indian states.
Airborne Fungus Diversity and Concentrations in Inner City Elementary Schools
Authors: S.N. Baxi, W.J. Sheehan, P. Permaul, J.M. Gaffin, D. Rao, C. Fu, C. Rogers, M. Muilenberg, E.B. Hoffman, D.R. Gold, W. Phipatanakul
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Peridural Analgesia and Anesthesia
Authors: Leonard F. Walts
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Lund writes about a subject with which he is well acquainted. He has based his book upon his personal experiences with the administration of "15,000 consecutive epidural anesthetics" as well as an extensive literature survey. Early in the book the author deals with some basic considerations. This discussion acquaints the reader with the theories of local anesthetic spread and site of action in the epidural space. Dr. Lund presents a detailed description of the induction of epidural anesthesia. His personal technique, especially as it differs from some of the other accepted practices, makes interesting reading. For example, he usually supplements his premedication with 250 to 500 mg of thiamylal sodium before performing the block. Dr. Lund tells us that this is done to reduce pain and anxiety as well as to avoid recognition by the patient of the block's similarity to spinal anesthesia. Also, after advancing the needle to
Points from Letters: Coping with Minor Casualties
Authors: A. J. Reeves
Journal: BMJ (1974)

some extent those retiring between 1969 and 1972 will be given less than their olleagues who retired after 24 March 1972.This means that there has to be for them a different formula from that for general practitioners retiring after 24 March 1972 and it is on this that there have been some-what protracted negotiations with the De- partment.We have certainly put every pressure on the Department to expedite matters and we hope that with the help of our professional expert advisers we -may be able to reach an early settlement."-ED.,
Abstract P6-07-32: Prognosis of metastatic breast cancer subtypes: the hormone receptor/HER2 positive subtype is associated with the most favorable outcome
Authors: VCG Tjan-Heijnen, DJA Lobbezoo, RJW van Kampen, AC Voogd, MW Dercksen, F van den Berkmortel, TJ Smilde, AJ van de Wouw, FPJ Peters, JMGH van Riel, NAJB Peters, GF Borm
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: In early breast cancer the different subtypes and their prognostic relevance are well known, contrary to the knowledge on prognostic relevance of subtypes in metastatic breast cancer. This study presents survival estimates after diagnosis of distant metastases of breast cancer subtypes in a recent cohort in which the treatment is representative of current clinical practice. Patients and methods: All patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer in one of eight participating hospitals in the South-East part of the Netherlands between 2007–2009 were included and all medical charts were reviewed. Patients were categorized in 4 subtypes based on the hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of the primary tumor; HR positive/HER2 negative, HR positive/HER2 positive, HR negative/HER2 positive and triple negative (TN). Metastatic survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the prognostic impact of breast cancer subtype, adjusted for possible confounders. Results: A total of 815 patients were included; the HR+/HER2− subtype comprising 66%, the HR−/HER2+ subtype 8%, the TN subtype 15% and the HR+/HER2+ subtype 11% of patients. The four subtypes were associated with different metastatic survival times; the HR+/HER2+ subtype was associated with the best metastatic survival (median, 32.9 months), compared to 22.1 months for the HR+/HER2− subtype, 19.5 months for the HR−/HER2+ subtype and 7.7 months for the TN subtype. Aside from subtype, other prognostic factors of metastatic survival were site of metastases and metastatic-free interval. Conclusion: Of the four subtypes, the HR+/HER2+ subtype was associated with the most favorable outcome, in terms of metastatic survival. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-32.
Consultation patterns and provision of contraception in general practice before teenage pregnancy: case-control study
Authors: D. Churchill
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine patterns of consultation in general practice and provision of contraception before teenage pregnancy. <b>Design:</b> Case-control study, with retrospective analysis of case notes. <b>Setting:</b> 14 general practices in Trent region. <b>Subjects:</b> 240 registered patients (cases) with a recorded conception before the age of 20. Three controls per case were matched by age and practice. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Consultations in general practice and provision of contraception in the 12 months before conception and recorded provision of contraception at any time before conception. <b>Results:</b> Overall, 223 cases (93%) had consulted a health professional at least once in the year before conception, 171 (71%) had discussed contraception in this time, and 121 (50%) had been prescribed oral contraception. Cases were more likely to have consulted in the year before conception than controls (odds ratio 2.70, 95% confidence interval 1.56 to 4.66). Most of the difference was owing to consultation for contraception. Overall, 53 cases (22%) resulted in a termination of pregnancy. Cases whose pregnancy ended in a termination were more likely to have received emergency contraception than either their controls (3.21, 1.32 to 7.79) or cases resulting in other outcomes (3.01, 1.06 to 8.51). <b>Conclusions:</b> Most teenagers who became pregnant attended general practice in the year before pregnancy, and many had sought contraceptive advice. The reluctance of teenagers to attend general practice for contraception may be less than previously supposed. The association between provision of emergency contraception and pregnancy ending in termination emphasises the need for continuing follow up of teenagers consulting for this form of contraception.
CXCR1 blockade selectively targets human breast cancer stem cells in vitro and in xenografts
Authors: Christophe Ginestier, Suling Liu, Mark E. Diebel, Hasan Korkaya, Ming Luo, Marty Brown, Julien Wicinski, Olivier Cabaud, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Daniel Birnbaum, Jun-Lin Guan, Gabriela Dontu, Max S. Wicha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Recent evidence suggests that breast cancer and other solid tumors possess a rare population of cells capable of extensive self-renewal that contribute to metastasis and treatment resistance. We report here the development of a strategy to target these breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) through blockade of the IL-8 receptor CXCR1. CXCR1 blockade using either a CXCR1-specific blocking antibody or repertaxin, a small-molecule CXCR1 inhibitor, selectively depleted the CSC population in 2 human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, this was followed by the induction of massive apoptosis in the bulk tumor population via FASL/FAS signaling. The effects of CXCR1 blockade on CSC viability and on FASL production were mediated by the FAK/AKT/FOXO3A pathway. In addition, repertaxin was able to specifically target the CSC population in human breast cancer xenografts, retarding tumor growth and reducing metastasis. Our data therefore suggest that CXCR1 blockade may provide a novel means of targeting and eliminating breast CSCs.
The Development of Delivery Agents that Facilitate the Oral Absorption of Macromolecular Drugs
Authors: Andrea Leone-Bay, Duncan R. Paton, John J. Weidner
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2000)

Macromolecules comprise a growing group of new drugs with great clinical promise. To date, the therapeutic application of these drugs has been limited, because they are effective only when administered parenterally. Unfortunately, macromolecular drugs are not absorbed following nonparenteral dosing, because the mechanisms of the human body are designed to degrade and/or exclude them. To overcome the numerous obstacles to the noninvasive delivery of these drugs, various approaches are under investigation including the use of delivery agents to promote drug absorption. This review provides a summary of the novel approaches currently in progress in the areas of transdermal, transmucosal, and oral delivery of macromolecular drugs facilitated by delivery agents. We review our own novel work in this area in some detail, including the methods developed for the synthesis of the delivery agents, in vitro screening techniques developed to select compounds for in vivo testing, and the results of in vivo screening in both rats and primates, including preliminary safety and efficacy studies. Finally, the results of Phase I clinical studies showing the oral delivery of heparin are presented. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 20, No. 2, 169–186, 2000