tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cue Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Opiate Addiction: Results of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Marlies A.E. Marissen, Ingmar H.A. Franken, Peter Blanken, Wim van den Brink, Vincent M. Hendriks
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Persistent cue reactivity to drug-related stimuli is a well-known phenomenon among abstinent drug users and has been found to be a predictor of relapse. Cue exposure therapy (CET) aims to reduce this cue reactivity by exposing abstinent drug users to conditioned drug-related stimuli while preventing their habitual response, i.e. drug use. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 127 abstinent heroin-dependent Dutch inpatients were randomized to CET (n = 65; 55 completers) and placebo psychotherapy treatment (PPT) (n = 62; 59 completers). It was examined whether CET would lead to a decrease in drug-related cue reactivity (using mixed-design ANOVA) and subsequently to lower dropout and relapse rates (using logistic regression) compared to PPT. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Both groups responded with a similar decrease in self-reported cue reactivity (craving, mood). The CET group did show a significant decrease in physiological reactivity (skin conductance) compared to PPT. However, dropout and relapse rates were, contrary to our expectations, significantly higher in the CET group. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; This is the first randomized controlled trial showing that CET, compared to a non-specific psychotherapy, might increase dropout and relapse rates among abstinent heroin-dependent clients in a drug-free setting. Caution is warranted when applying CET in this specific context.
Pulmonary hypertension in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Comparison with primary pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: P Petitpretz, F Brenot, R Azarian, F Parent, B Rain, P Herve, G Simonneau
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Previously reported cases of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are poorly documented regarding baseline hemodynamics and potential for pulmonary vasodilatation. The purpose of this report was to compare HIV-infected patients who had PH with non-HIV-infected patients who had primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) in terms of (1) clinical characteristics, (2) hemodynamics in baseline conditions and during a short-term vasodilator trial with epoprostenol, and (3) survival. METHODS AND RESULTS Between April 1987 and August 1992, 20 HIV-infected patients with PH and 93 non-HIV-infected patients with PPH were referred to our department. At the time of referral, baseline right-side heart hemodynamics were obtained in addition to demographic variables and medical history. A short-term vasodilator trial with epoprostenol was performed in 19 of 20 HIV-infected and 86 of 93 non-HIV-infected patients. Outcome and survival were analyzed and compared for both groups (22 transplant recipients were excluded from the group of patients with PPH). At the time of diagnosis of PH, HIV-infected patients significantly differed from non-HIV-infected patients in age (32 +/- 5 versus 42 +/- 13 years; P &lt; .05) and degree of disability (New York Heart Association functional class III or IV, 50% versus 75%; P &lt; .01). The proportion of disease states known to be associated with PPH (Raynaud's phenomenon, migraine, collagen disease without overt symptoms and signs, or a positive family history of PPH) was similar in the two groups. HIV-infected patients had a severe but significantly lower level of PH than patients with PPH. The percentage of responders to epoprostenol and the level achieved in pulmonary vasodilatation were similar in the two groups. PH was the cause of death in 8 of the 10 HIV-infected patients who died within 1 year after the diagnosis of PH. Overall survival was poor and not significantly different between the two groups. Pathological findings in lung tissue obtained from 3 HIV-infected patients were close to those seen in most of the lung specimens available from 27 patients with PPH and resembled plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy. CONCLUSIONS These results support the view that HIV infection may now be regarded as another common disease state that can be associated with PPH development. The lower initial severity in HIV-infected patients may be due to the close medical attention usually devoted to such patients, who may account for an earlier diagnosis. However, the overall survival rate of HIV-infected patients with PH appeared to be as poor as in non-HIV-infected patients with PPH.
Endoscopic Diagnosis of the Excluded Gastric Antrum
Authors: A. Obrador, J. Gayà, R. Canet
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with GI haemorrhage. Twenty-two years previously, she had had a Billroth II operation to treat a duodenal ulcer. A gastroscopy performed on admission showed two ulcers on the anastomotic crest. We were able to visualize all of the blind duodenal pouch and how in the proximal end the mucosa was prominent and different in colour. Excluded gastric antrum was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. We discuss the different approaches to the diagnosis of excluded gastric antrum, and we conclude that endoscopy must play important role in the diagnosis of this pathology.
Karolinska research dean calls his dismissal an over-reaction
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The professor of medical chemistry at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute, who has been accused of ethical misconduct and dismissed as dean of research, has called the dismissal an “unnecessary over-reaction.”

In a statement for the BMJ Karl Tryggvason, who is also a deputy trustee of the Nobel Foundation and a member of the Nobel Assembly, the body at the institute that awards the Nobel prize for physiology or medicine, verified as correct the facts of the case as listed in a press release issued by Sweden’s top medical school.

However, referring to the institute’s president, Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson, he said, “I do not consider my conduct unethical to such an extent that it should have led to the president’s forceful reaction. I do feel that there was an unnecessary over-reaction.”

The Karolinska Institute alleged in its press release that Professor Tryggvason had exercised “undue …
Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and prostaglandins on the permeability of the human small intestine.
Authors: I Bjarnason, P Williams, P Smethurst, T J Peters, A J Levi
Journal: Gut (1986)

Intestinal permeability was estimated in healthy subjects after ingestion of aspirin (1.2+1.2 g), ibuprofen (400+400 mg) and indomethacin (75+50 mg) at midnight and an hour before starting a 51chromium labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetate absorption test. Intestinal permeability increased significantly from control levels following each drug and the effect was related to drug potency to inhibit cyclooxygenase. Intestinal permeability increased to a similar extent after oral and rectal administration of indomethacin showing that the effect is systemically mediated. Prostaglandin E2 decreased intestinal permeability significantly but failed to prevent the indomethacin induced increased intestinal permeability. These studies show that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs disrupt the intestinal barrier function in man and suggest that the morphological correlates of the damage may reside at the level of the intercellular junctions.
Characterization of novel stem cell factor responsive human mast cell lines LAD 1 and 2 established from a patient with mast cell sarcoma/leukemia; Activation following aggregation of FcεRI and FcγRI
Authors: A.S. Kirshenbaum, C. Akin, Y. Wu, A. Gilfillan, J.P. Goff, D.B. Golden, D.D. Metcalfe
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Total Quality Management and Physicians' Clinical Decisions
Authors: David Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (1993)

INCREASING concerns about the quality of health care have led to experimentation with and deployment of many new technologies designed to monitor, compare, and improve the clinical performance of health care providers.<sup>1</sup>Among the newest and most controversial of these approaches is industrial quality management science (IQMS), also known as continuous quality improvement (CQI), the quality improvement process (QIP), and total quality management (TQM).<sup>2-4</sup> Evidence of the rapid spread of IQMS as an approach to managing quality in health care institutions is plentiful. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations has adopted IQMS as an important standard in its reviews of health care institutions.<sup>5</sup>Based on a recent national survey,<i>Hospitals</i>magazine estimates that 3100 US hospitals with more than 50 beds now have programs in TQM.<sup>6</sup>An increasing anecdotal literature describes the success of IQMS in analyzing, ameliorating, or solving particular health care problems.
Essentials of Cardiology
Authors: Alfred Soffer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The physician whose interests have been outside the realm of internal medicine will find this small text instructive. Without references, photographs, or charts, the authors presumably intend to describe the entire field of cardiology as a general survey. The advantages to the student and the nonspecialist are evident, but evident also is incompleteness, the potential corollary of brevity. For example, in their brief description of the treatment of hypertensive heart disease, the authors have not included chlorothiazide and related compounds as major therapeutic agents. Errors occur as in the description of excitation of the interventricular septum. The last segment of the septum to be depolarized is the upper portion and not the right lower and upper segments simultaneously. An initial test dose of 200 mg. of quinidine contributes little and indeed the term "test dose" for such a significant amount of drug is inaccurate. The most rewarding section is that
NHS plc: The Privatisation of Our Health Care
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2004)

F orty years ago, when on a gap year in a remote secondary school in post-colonial Ghana, I was summoned by the headmaster and informed that we had in our library a book the government didn't think we should read. It must therefore be taken out into the bush and burned. Curiously, he suggested the boy for the job, a junior member of the library committee. So I handed both our dog eared copies of Animal Farm to young Kwesi, who nodded thoughtfully and took them away. I never saw them again, but somehow Orwell's fable of Soviet Russia became instantly famous within the school: a cultish clandestine “must read,” passed in secret round the dormitories and quoted and laughed over at breaks—a powerful and brightly topical polemic in a darkening political landscape.

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Allyson M Pollock

Verso, £15.99, pp 271 ISBN 1 84467 011 2

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Of course such things could never happen here, but the most gripping section in NHS plc , Allyson Pollock's defence of an NHS under political onslaught, describes her experience in November 2001 …

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Points: Computed tomography of the body
Authors: A Green
Journal: BMJ (1982)

p 4), I discussed this with the authors.In view of the fact that neither microscopic nor the earliest lymph node invasion is demonstrated by computed tomography, it appeared essential to define the track or volume within which malignant disease spread up the lym- phatics.This has been demonstrated in a series of 35-mm slides covering the lymphatic volume from the pelvis up through the abdomen and thorax to the root of the neck.This surprisingly small volume was agreed for surgical and radiotherapy planning for "cur- able" cancer with around 100 experienced consultants in surgery, radiology, and radio- therapy, on an extensive tour of Europe, Canada, and the United States.
Common variants at 19p13 are associated with susceptibility to ovarian cancer
Authors: Kelly L Bolton, Jonathan Tyrer, Honglin Song, Susan J Ramus, Maria Notaridou, Chris Jones, Tanya Sher, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Eva Wozniak, Ya-Yu Tsai, Joanne Weidhaas, Daniel Paik, David J Van Den Berg, Daniel O Stram, Celeste Leigh Pearce, Anna H Wu, Wendy Brewster, Hoda Anton-Culver, Argyrios Ziogas, Steven A Narod, Douglas A Levine, Stanley B Kaye, Robert Brown, Jim Paul, James Flanagan, Weiva Sieh, Valerie McGuire, Alice S Whittemore, Ian Campbell, Martin E Gore, Jolanta Lissowska, Hanna P Yang, Krzysztof Medrek, Jacek Gronwald, Jan Lubinski, Anna Jakubowska, Nhu D Le, Linda S Cook, Linda E Kelemen, Angela Brooks-Wilson, Leon F A G Massuger, Lambertus A Kiemeney, Katja K H Aben, Anne M van Altena, Richard Houlston, Ian Tomlinson, Rachel T Palmieri, Patricia G Moorman, Joellen Schildkraut, Edwin S Iversen, Catherine Phelan, Robert A Vierkant, Julie M Cunningham, Ellen L Goode, Brooke L Fridley, Susan Kruger-Kjaer, Jan Blaeker, Estrid Hogdall, Claus Hogdall, Jenny Gross, Beth Y Karlan, Roberta B Ness, Robert P Edwards, Kunle Odunsi, Kirsten B Moyisch, Julie A Baker, Francesmary Modugno, Tuomas Heikkinenen, Ralf Butzow, Heli Nevanlinna, Arto Leminen, Natalia Bogdanova, Natalia Antonenkova, Thilo Doerk, Peter Hillemanns, Matthias Dürst, Ingo Runnebaum, Pamela J Thompson, Michael E Carney, Marc T Goodman, Galina Lurie, Shan Wang-Gohrke, Rebecca Hein, Jenny Chang-Claude, Mary Anne Rossing, Kara L Cushing-Haugen, Jennifer Doherty, Chu Chen, Thorunn Rafnar, Soren Besenbacher, Patrick Sulem, Kari Stefansson, Michael J Birrer, Kathryn L Terry, Dena Hernandez, Daniel W Cramer, Ignace Vergote, Frederic Amant, Diether Lambrechts, Evelyn Despierre, Peter A Fasching, Matthias W Beckmann, Falk C Thiel, Arif B Ekici, Xiaoqing Chen, Sharon E Johnatty, Penelope M Webb, Jonathan Beesley, Stephen Chanock, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Tom Sellers, Douglas F Easton, Andrew Berchuck, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Paul D P Pharoah, Simon A Gayther
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
LONGITUDINAL LEFT VENTRICULAR STRAIN IS MORE SENSITIVE THAN MID-WALL SHORTENING FOR DETECTING MYOCARDIAL SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH LIGHT-CHAIN AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Jun Koyama, Ayako Minamisawa, Hirohiko Motoki, Kazunori Aizawa, Megumi Koshikawa, Hiroki Kasai, Atsushi Izawa, Takeshi Tomita, Yusuke Miyashita, Setsuo Kumazaki, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Diabetic Participants in the San Antonio Heart Study
Authors: Kelly J. Hunt, Ken Williams, Roy G. Resendez, Helen P. Hazuda, Steve M. Haffner, Michael P. Stern
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—The observation that Hispanics have lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, despite increased diabetes and obesity, lower socioeconomic status (SES), and barriers to health care, has been termed the “Hispanic Paradox.” We examined the relationship between ethnicity and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In the San Antonio Heart Study, a prospective cohort, we compared the mortality in 554 U.S.-born MAs, 95 Mexico-born MAs, and 178 NHW participants with diabetes aged 25–72 years. Over an average of 10.4 years, 188 deaths occurred: 115 from cardiovascular disease (CVD) [death certificate ICD-9 codes 401–414 or 420–447 (excluding 427.5)]. Because of potential differences between migrants and nonmigrants, hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated comparing U.S.-born MAs and Mexico-born MAs with NHWs. RESULTS—The age- and sex-adjusted HR for all-cause mortality comparing U.S.-born MAs with NHWs was 1.66 (95% CI 1.15–2.40), while comparing Mexico-born MAs with NHWs was 1.14 (95% CI 0.63–2.06). Cardiovascular mortality HRs were 1.66 (95% CI 1.04–2.65) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.40–2.01), respectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, such as fasting glucose and diabetes duration, the hazard of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (although not statistically significant) appeared higher in U.S.-born MAs than in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS—We found it important to differentiate MAs by birthplace. Among diabetic participants, contrary to the prediction of the “Hispanic Paradox,” compared with NHWs, U.S.-born MAs were at greater risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, while Mexico-born MAs appeared to be at similar risk.
Results from 8 yrs of susceptibility testing of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Denmark
Authors: V.ø. Thomsen, J. Bauer, T. Lillebaek, S. Glismann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Increased rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) has been reported from countries close to Denmark. This study evaluated the incidence of drug resistance in Denmark in order to determine the magnitude of the problem. Susceptibility testing was performed in isolates from 85.4% of all notified patients during 1991-1998. Epidemiological information was retrieved from the mandatory notification forms. Total drug resistance remained largely constant, although a minor increase was observed in 1997-1998. Monoresistance was observed in 7.3%, of the isolates. Among 3.6% polyresistant isolates, resistance to isoniazid and streptomycin accounted for 2.8%, whereas MDR accounted for 0.5%. The MDR strains displayed different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, and no matches were identified in the international MDR database. Drug resistance in untreated Danes and foreigners were 5.9% and 14.6%, respectively. Among Danes and foreigners with previous TB, 6.2% and 22.7% had drug resistance, respectively. Increased drug-resistance was found among untreated Danes aged 25-54 yrs mainly due to a single isoniazid and streptomycin-resistant RFLP-cluster. Among all patients with isoniazid and streptomycin-resistance, 77.0% had clustered strains. In conclusion, although drug resistance among untreated Danes was close to the rate estimated in good national programmes, close monitoring is needed in future years, as active transmission of isoniazid- and streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was demonstrated.
Trends and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in an Outpatient Dermatology Facility
Authors: Marilyn Zabielinski, Michael P. McLeod, Cheryl Aber, Jan Izakovic, Lawrence A. Schachner
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

To determine whether the relative proportions of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S aureus (MSSA) were changing or stable in an outpatient dermatology clinic and to examine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of S aureus isolates.Retrospective observational data were collected from skin culture isolates annually between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2010, and monthly during the 6-month period of January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2011.The University of Miami Hospital outpatient dermatology clinic.A total of 387 S aureus isolates were analyzed between January 1, 2005, and June 30, 2011, from adult and pediatric patients.The relative proportions of MRSA and MSSA skin culture isolates were measured, along with antibiotic sensitivity profiles.The overall relative proportion of MRSA was 35.7%. The overall relative proportion of MSSA was 64.3%. During the last 6 months of the study, the relative proportion of MRSA was 33.3%, while the relative proportion of MSSA was 66.7%. The relative proportion of MRSA from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2010, was significantly higher than the relative proportion from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2007 (45.3% vs 28.3%, P = .001). MRSA became more sensitive to ciprofloxacin, while MSSA became more resistant to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin sulfate, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.The relative proportion of MRSA in the S aureus isolates increased by 17.0% during the last 3 years of our study. Despite this increase, MRSA became more sensitive to ciprofloxacin, while MSSA demonstrated increased antibiotic resistance to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Asthma score: predictive ability and risk factors
Authors: J. Sunyer, J. Pekkanen, R. Garcia‐Esteban, C. Svanes, N. Künzli, C. Janson, R. De Marco, J. M. Antó, P. Burney
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Definition of asthma as a continuous score is a promising tool for population studies that has not yet been fully evaluated. Objective: We assessed (i) the predictive ability of an asthma score against the occurrence of different asthma‐related outcomes and (ii) the risk factors identified when using an asthma score. Methods: The European Community Respiratory Health Study II included subjects from the general population randomly studied during 1991–1993 who were followed up in the years 1998–2001, from 29 centres in 14 countries. A total of 8956 subjects were included. The asthma score consisted of a simple sum of the positive answers to five respiratory symptoms. Results: Asthma score at baseline showed a linear relationship with incidence of asthma, the occurrence of asthma attacks, use of asthma medication and bronchial reactivity at the end of the follow‐up. Asthma score at the end of follow‐up was associated with known risk factors at baseline such as IgE to grass, rhinitis or body mass index, in addition to passive smoking in men [average score ratio (RR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.50] or changes in body mass index (RR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.05–1.27, per each kg/m 2 ). Conclusion: The asthma score had good predictive ability against outcomes related with asthma and also good ability to detect risk factors. This encourages the use of the score as a measure of asthma in epidemiological studies on aetiology of asthma.