tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased fructose consumption is associated with fibrosis severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Manal F. Abdelmalek, Ayako Suzuki, Cynthia Guy, Aynur Unalp-Arida, Ryan Colvin, Richard J. Johnson, Anna Mae Diehl
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The rising incidence of obesity and diabetes coincides with a marked increase in fructose consumption. Fructose consumption is higher in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) than in age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Because fructose elicits metabolic perturbations that may be hepatotoxic, we investigated the relationship between fructose consumption and disease severity in NAFLD. We studied 427 adults enrolled in the NASH Clinical Research Network for whom Block food questionnaire data were collected within 3 months of a liver biopsy. Fructose consumption was estimated based on reporting (frequency × amount) of Kool-aid, fruit juices, and nondietary soda intake, expressed as servings per week, and classified into none, minimum to moderate (&lt;7 servings/week), and daily (≥7 servings/week). The association of fructose intake with metabolic and histological features of NAFLD was analyzed using multiple linear and ordinal logistic regression analyses with and without controlling for other confounding factors. Increased fructose consumption was univariately associated with decreased age ( P &lt; 0.0001), male sex ( P &lt; 0.0001), hypertriglyceridemia ( P &lt; 0.04), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (&lt;0.0001), decreased serum glucose ( P &lt; 0.001), increased calorie intake ( P &lt; 0.0001), and hyperuricemia ( P &lt; 0.0001). After controlling for age, sex, BMI, and total calorie intake, daily fructose consumption was associated with lower steatosis grade and higher fibrosis stage ( P &lt; 0.05 for each). In older adults (age ≥ 48 years), daily fructose consumption was associated with increased hepatic inflammation ( P &lt; 0.05) and hepatocyte ballooning ( P = 0.05). Conclusion : In patients with NAFLD, daily fructose ingestion is associated with reduced hepatic steatosis but increased fibrosis. These results identify a readily modifiable environmental risk factor that may ameliorate disease progression in patients with NAFLD. Hepatology 2010
Twelve Cases of Mauser Bullet Wounds
Authors: G. Ashton
Journal: BMJ (1900)

Reduction was easy, and the same after-treatment was adopted.CASE xv.-T.B., aged 2x.This case was rather different to the others ,owing to the fact that he sustained an obl,que fracture of the tibia as well as dislocation of the knee.The skin was split at the back of the joint in the same way as in Cases Ii and II.Having reduced the dislocation without trouble the fracture presented some difficulty owing to its obliquity.It was tfound necessary to put on extension in order to keep it reduced.After about ten days this was replaced by plaster-of-paris.The ecchy- mosis and effusion into the joint was in this man very great.the former -extending in one continuous broad black patch from the great trochanter to the foot.
Letter: Congenital syphilitic nephropathy in an adopted infant.
Authors: M J Dillon, D F Duff
Journal: BMJ (1973)

cord blood and from venous samples on days 4 and 7 in infants born after surgical induction of labour and intravenous oxytocin infusion.A control group of neonates was also studied.Haemolytic disease was ex- cluded in all infants by appropriate investi- gation.The mean birth weight, gestational age, incidence of operative delivery, and breast-feeding on discharge was similar in both groups.The results are summarized in the table.Mean Biliburin in mg/100 ml 4-S.E.M. Cord
Leisure Corner
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Snoring and sleep apnea. A population study in Australian men.
Authors: H Bearpark, L Elliott, R Grunstein, S Cullen, H Schneider, W Althaus, C Sullivan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Snoring and sleeping apnea are reportedly associated with morbidity. We used home monitoring (MESAM IV) to measure snoring and sleep apnea in 294 men aged 40 to 65 yr from the volunteer register of the Busselton (Australia) Health Survey. In this group, 81% snored for more than 10% of the night and 22% for more than half the night; 26% had a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) > or = 5, and 10% had an RDI > or = 10. There was a relatively low correlation between percentage of night spent snoring and RDI (rho = 0.47, p < 0.005). Subjective daytime sleepiness plus RDI > or = 5 occurred in a minimum of 3%. Obesity was related to snoring, RDI, and minimum SaO2 (all p < 0.0001). There was no relationship between age and either RDI or snoring, but increased age was related to minimum SaO2 < 85% (p < 0.05). Alcohol consumption was not related to sleep-disordered breathing. Smokers snored for a greater percentage of the night than nonsmokers (41 versus 31%, p = 0.01). We conclude that, in middle-aged men, both snoring and sleep apnea are extremely common, and in this age range both are associated with obesity but not with age. However, a high percentage of snoring is not essential for the occurrence of sleep apnea, nor does it necessarily indicate that apnea is present.
Growing importance of liver disease in HIV-infected persons
Authors: David L. Thomas
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Liver disease is a growing problem in HIV-infected persons. In those who are able to take antiretroviral therapy, the forms of liver disease have changed and their relative importance has increased. This review focuses on liver disease in HIV-infected persons, caused by hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, or treatment of HIV infection. (Hepatology 2006;43:S221–S229.)
Teaching Medical Students in the Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Scott A. Fields, Richard Usatine, Elizabeth Steiner
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screening for prostate cancer: an analysis of the early experience
Authors: K. M. Slawin, M. Ohori, O. Dillioglugil, P. T. Scardino
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1995)

Several common misconceptions have fueled the debate over the early detection and treatment of prostate cancer. While prostate cancer is often described as a common cancer that older men die with rather than of, the reality is that the incidence, mortality, and mean age and stage at diagnosis of prostate cancer are very similar to those of breast cancer, which is rarely the subject of similar concerns. Many studies have confirmed that given enough time, all clinically detected prostate cancers will inexorably progress locally and eventually metastasize to regional lymph nodes as well as to distant sites. The relatively slow doubling time compared to that of other cancers and the wide spectrum of biologic activity of prostate cancer have made retrospective studies reporting the long-term survival of conservatively treated patients highly suspect due to selection bias and inadequate follow-up. While it is accepted that a large number of men harbor clinically insignificant cancers in their prostate glands, these estimates have been based on careful pathologic step-sectioning studies of prostates obtained either at autopsy or after cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer. Several studies have now demonstrated that currently available diagnostic modalities for detecting prostate cancer, DRE, PSA, and TRUS, are not able to detect a significant proportion of small, clinically unimportant cancers. Rather, studies have shown that while the traditional DRE has been largely unsuccessful in detecting prostate cancers at a sufficiently early stage for effective treatment with either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy, a combination of the DRE and PSA followed by TRUS and ultrasound-guided biopsy in those with abnormal results can detect an increased proportion of clinically significant prostate cancers while they are still confined to the prostate gland and thus more likely to be eradicated by treatment. Several randomized trials are now under way in this country and in Europe that may settle many of these issues over the next decade. However, currently available data suggest that prostate cancer screening holds the promise of decreasing the considerable morbidity and mortality caused by this disease.
Study finds that costly new antipsychotics offer few benefits over traditional drugs
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The results of a major 18 month study indicate that four new drugs used to treat schizophrenia offer few, if any, benefits over much less expensive older medicines.

The study has been described as “the largest, longest, and most comprehensive independent trial ever done to examine existing therapies for this disease” by Thomas Insel, director of the US National Institute of Mental Health, which funded the research.

In the study 1493 patients from a wide variety of treatment settings at 57 sites in the United States were randomly assigned to one of five drugs, four of which were relatively …
Bronchoscopic and Cytopathological Findings of Tracheobronchial Involvement in Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: A. Watanabe, H. Saka, S. Sakai, T. Hirao, T. Hattori, K. Shimokata
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

To evaluate the usefulness of bronchoscopic and cytopathologic examinations for tracheobronchial involvement of esophageal carcinoma, we reviewed 14 cases of esophageal carcinoma suspected of tracheobronchial invasion. Two cases underwent bronchoscopy for postoperative respiratory symptoms, and both revealed endotracheal tumor growth and proved positive at brush cytology and biopsy. Among nine cases submitted to preoperative examination, bronchoscopy showed only protrusion in four cases, and redness with mucosal protrusion in five cases. Two of the latter evidenced cancer cells on brushing specimen, and their prognosis was poor. The remaining three cases underwent bronchoscopy for preoperative severe respiratory symptoms. Tumor growth was noted in two of them, and cytology or biopsy was positive. We conclude that bronchoscopy for tracheobronchial involvement of esophageal carcinoma plays a major role in the diagnosis of extra-esophageal extension. Because of the anatomical situation, biopsy is sometimes difficult. Brush cytology is important in the case of mucosal protrusion and redness.
Pulmonary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
Authors: Meyer Alpert
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  In the Dec. 9 issue ofThe Journal(178:977), there was an interesting article entitled Pulmonary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy by Drs. Holling and Brodey. In discussing the differential diagnosis, however, the authors made the following incorrect statement, The fact that idiopathic osteoarthropathy has so far been reported only in unmarried adult males raises the possibility of an associated abnormality of sexual differentiation.  While it is true that most of these patients have been males, one female was well documented by Weens (Radiology45:27, 1945). In addition, Oehme noted that his patient's sister was said to be similarly affected (Deutsch Med Wschr45:207, 1919). A third example of this disorder in a female was published by Camp, but the diagnosis is open to question (Radiology50:581, 1948). A fertile, married male patient has been reported by Logue (US Armed Forces Med J4:1627, 1953).
Recombinant fish parvalbumins: Candidates for diagnosis and treatment of fish allergy
Authors: I. Swoboda, A. Bugajska‐Schretter, R. Valenta, S. Spitzauer
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Fish and fish products represent one of the most important causes of IgE‐mediated food hypersensitivity. In sensitized individuals contact with and consumption of fish can lead to severe health problems, ranging from urticaria and dermatitis to angiedema, diarrhoea, asthma and, at worst, systemic anaphylactic reactions and death. Parvalbumin, a small calcium‐binding protein present in the muscles of vertebrates, was identified as the major fish allergen. We describe the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones coding for carp parvalbumin by IgE immunoscreening of a carp muscle expression library. These clones will be the basis for the production of recombinant carp parvalbumin, a useful tool for in vitro and in vivo diagnosis of fish allergy.
The Job Only a Medical Student Could Do: Have a Smoke, on Me
Authors: Conor Hagen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

On Being a Doctor20 April 2010The Job Only a Medical Student Could Do: Have a Smoke, on MeConor HagenConor HagenFrom University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-8-201004200-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Deanna's collar was frayed, her shoes scuffed, but her clothes were clean. Her smoker's cough was hard to ignore, and she didn't hear too well. Her blonde hair was thin and unkempt, and her facial expression was vacant. Judging by her slow, calculated steps, she had arthritis in her hips. These were my initial impressions when I met Deanna (not her real name) on my internal medicine rotation as a third-year medical student. When I first saw her, she was conversing with the nurses just fine; she knew her name, where she was, and the year. But as I talked ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455.Acknowledgment: The author acknowledges Therese Zink, MD, MPH, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, who helped edit this article.Corresponding Author: Therese Zink, MD, MPH, Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, MMC 81, Minneapolis, MN; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 April 2010Volume 152, Issue 8Page: 533-534KeywordsEatingHospital medicineLung and intrathoracic tumorsMemoryPrevention, policy, and public healthSmoking cessationSternumThoraxWalkingWheelchairs ePublished: 20 April 2010 Issue Published: 20 April 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Damaged Lungs and Bronchiectasis
Authors: C. Riviere
Journal: BMJ (1923)

VERY commonly does it happen that some amount of per- manent damage remains as the sequel to an inflammation, of whatever causation, in the pulmonary area; and the more severe and prolonged the attack the greater, as a rule, tlle disability.Lung tissue, air tubes, and pleura alike may be implicated in different degrees, the end-results showing tlhem- selves in fibroid lung, or simple bronchiectasis, or more commonly some combination of both these conditions.Such gross lesions as follow the textbook account under these headings are readily recognized and need no recapitulation.What I would here emphasize is the common occurrence of slighter dearees of damage, readily overlooked, but often the explanation of anomalous signs and symptoms at some later period.Mistaken as a rule for pulmonary tubercle, they present a ready pitfall, unless recognized, in the realms of diagnosis, prognosis, and also of therapy, for they are very amenable to well directed treatment." Damaged lung " is the somewbat loose term that best covers, to my mind, the varied mixture of mild fibrosis and dilated bronchial tubes with which I am hiere dealing, but it is, of course, the bronchiectasis that counts-or rather " bronchiolectasis," for it is the small tubes wlhich are generally implicated in these cases.It will be most convenient to consider the subject under separate lheadings in children and in adults, but it is in the early years of life that the majority of all cases originate.
IMMUNOREACTIONS INVOLVING PLATELETS
Authors: Terrell L. Hill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Theoretical equations have been derived, using the methods of statistical mechanics, for associations between platelets, antibody, quinidine, and complement, based on a model of an immunoreaction described in the preceding paper of this series. The two cases considered (i.e. the possibilities that quinidine can attach first to antibody or platelets) lead to the same final equations. The comparison of the theoretical results with experimental results is contained in the preceding paper.
Nifedipine potentiates cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in healthy humans. Direct evidence from microneurographic studies.
Authors: D W Ferguson, D W Hayes
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Nifedipine augments baroreflex mechanisms in in vivo animal models. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrate that nifedipine potentiates baroreflex control of heart rate and vascular resistance in normal human subjects. To further define the neuroeffector mechanism of the autonomic effects of nifedipine, we directly measured postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity to muscle (MSNA, microneurography), before and after drug administration, during selective unloading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors with lower body negative pressure (-10 mm Hg, LBNP-10), and during the cold pressor test. Twenty-three normal subjects (age, 23 +/- 1 years; mean +/- SEM) were studied in the control state and 20 minutes after administration of either nifedipine (10 mg s.l., 10 subjects), during nitroprusside infusion (0.37 +/- 0.03 microgram/kg/min i.v., eight subjects), or 20 minutes after sublingual administration of placebo (five subjects). We measured systemic arterial pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate, and MSNA. Nifedipine and nitroprusside produced similar increases in resting heart rate and MSNA and similar decreases in central venous pressure, whereas placebo had no effect on resting hemodynamics. During LBNP-10, hemodynamic changes were not significantly different among the three treatment groups. However, the percentage increase in MSNA during LBNP-10 was significantly augmented from a 24 +/- 9% increase before nifedipine to a 56 +/- 7% increase after nifedipine (p less than 0.05). Decreases in central venous pressure with LBNP-10 were nearly identical before compared with after nifedipine. Thus, nifedipine increased the cardiopulmonary baroreflex sympathetic sensitivity (change in total MSNA per mm Hg decrease in central venous pressure during LBNP-10) from 26.5 +/- 10.7 units/mm Hg to 74.9 +/- 19.0 units/mm Hg (p less than 0.01). In contrast, administration of hemodynamically similar doses of nitroprusside resulted in an attenuation of MSNA responses to LBNP-10. During LBNP-10, MSNA increased 57 +/- 12% before nitroprusside but only 14 +/- 4% during nitroprusside (p less than 0.01). The cardiopulmonary baroreflex sympathetic sensitivity was not significantly altered by nitroprusside (45.1 +/- 12.4 units/mm Hg before compared with 33.1 +/- 20.8 units/mm Hg during nitroprusside, p = NS). Placebo had no effect on the responses to LBNP-10. Nifedipine did not augment MSNA responses to the cold pressor test. To evaluate the linearity of sympathetic responses to cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading, graded LBNP (0, -5, -10, and -15 mm Hg) was applied in three additional subjects before and after nifedipine (10 mg s.l.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Distinct Proteome Expression Profile and Extensive Changes in Cysteinyl S-Nitrosylation (SNO) in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: C.M. Davis, J.E. Wiktorowicz, K.V. Soman, C. Straub, C. Nance, M. D'Souza, M. Lester, S. Stafford, K. Pazdrak, K. Thakkar, A.P. Olive, A. Kurosky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
The Glycosphingolipid, Lactosylceramide, Regulates β1-Integrin Clustering and Endocytosis
Authors: Deepak K. Sharma, Jennifer C. Brown, Zhijie Cheng, Eileen L. Holicky, David L. Marks, Richard E. Pagano
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Glycosphingolipids are known to play roles in integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration; however, the mechanisms by which glycosphingolipids affect integrins are unknown. Here, we show that addition of the glycosphingolipid, C8-lactosylceramide (C8-LacCer), or free cholesterol to human fibroblasts at 10°C causes the formation of glycosphingolipid-enriched plasma membrane domains as shown by visualizing a fluorescent glycosphingolipid probe, BODIPY-LacCer, incorporated into the plasma membrane of living cells. Addition of C8-LacCer or cholesterol to cells initiated the clustering of β1-integrins within these glycosphingolipid-enriched domains and the activation of the β1-integrins as assessed using a HUTS antibody that only binds activated integrin. On warming to 37°C, β1-integrins were rapidly internalized via caveolar endocytosis in cells treated with C8-LacCer or cholesterol, whereas little β1-integrin was endocytosed in untreated fibroblasts. Incubation of cells with C8-LacCer or cholesterol followed by warm-up caused src activation, a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, translocation of RhoA GTPase away from the plasma membrane as visualized using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and transient cell detachment. These studies show that LacCer can regulate integrin function both by modulating integrin clustering in microdomains and by regulating integrin endocytosis via caveolae. Our findings suggest the possibility that aberrant levels of glycosphingolipids found in cancer cells may influence cell attachment events by direct effects on integrin clustering and internalization.