tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease, vols 1 &amp; 2
Authors: F. L. Iber
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Analysis of Suicide at a Training Center
Authors: VICTOR BLOOM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

A retrospectiee analysis is reported of 32 cases of suicide. Six patients who were in psychotherapy at the time of suicide are described in detail. A psychodynamic formulation of the clinical data suggests that transference hostility and dependency provoked countertransference, counterhostility, and rejecting behavior on the part of the therapist; the suicides followed significant rejections. This insight may help the therapist to minimize the possibility of suicide among similar patients undergoing psychotherapy.
The WHO Analgesic Ladder for Cancer Pain Management
Authors: A R Jadad, G P Browman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To perform a systematic review of studies evaluating the effectiveness of the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder as an intervention for cancer pain management. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Systematic search of MEDLINE from 1982 to 1995, hand search of textbooks and meeting proceedings, reference lists, and direct contact with authors. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Studies of any methodological design were included if they evaluated patients with cancer pain treated according to the WHO analgesic ladder and if the studies provided enough information to estimate the proportion of patients who achieved adequate analgesia with the use of the ladder. The strength of the evidence provided by each study was assessed separately by both authors using current concepts. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —From the hard copy of each study report, the first author's name, publication year, study design, number of dropouts per study, and proportion of patients with adequate analgesia in each study were extracted. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Eight studies purporting to evaluate the effectiveness of the WHO ladder were included in the review. Meta-analysis was not performed because the studies were case series with no control groups. The studies had other limitations: none provided information on the conditions in which pain was assessed; two were retrospective; one had short follow-up periods; three had high withdrawal rates; and one had variable follow-up periods. Analgesia was adequate in 69% to 100% of patients analyzed in the studies. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The studies available provide valuable information on the course of cancer pain and its treatment. However, the evidence they provide is insufficient to estimate confidently the effectiveness of the WHO analgesic ladder for the management of cancer pain. Until results from carefully designed controlled trials are available, it would be inappropriate to judge the performance of clinicians, programs, and institutions or to design policies based on such evidence. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1870-1873)
Alfalfa of the Family Leguminosae
Authors: David M. Brandenburg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  In the editorial process, the last line of my letter to the editor (1982;248:2836) was altered to refer to alfalfa as belonging to the orderLeguminosae. The Leguminosae constitute a botanicalfamily, not an order.  In the reply to my letter, the grassPhleum pratense(Gramineae) was referred to as alfalfa.Phleum pratensegoes by the name of timothy; I have never heard of it referred to as alfalfa and can find no reference to this usage in the literature. Alfalfa is the common name forMedicago sativa(Leguminosae) (misspelledsativein the reply).  I emphasize that I have not lost sight of the most important issue at hand, and that is the alleged value of alfalfa tablets in the treatment of allergies. I agree with the reply that alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has not been shown to be of use in the treatment of any allergic
Small bowel tumours: yield of enteroscopy.
Authors: B S Lewis, A Kornbluth, J D Waye
Journal: Gut (1991)

A total of 258 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding were referred for small bowel enteroscopy, a procedure which allows endoscopic evaluation of most of the small intestine. A small bowel tumour was found in 5% of patients. In 50% of patients no diagnosis could be made, but when the cause of obscure bleeding was discovered small bowel tumours were the single most common lesion in patients younger than 50 years. Small bowel tumours causing gastrointestinal bleeding may remain undetected despite extensive diagnostic evaluation. We conclude that small bowel tumours are the most common cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in patients less than 50 years of age. Small bowel enteroscopy is diagnostic of small bowel tumours even when all previous diagnostic studies, including enteroclysis and angiography, are negative.
Good genes, mating effort, and delinquency
Authors: Martin L. Lalumière, Vernon L. Quinsey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

High mating effort and antisocial and delinquent behaviors are closely linked. Some delinquent behaviors may honestly signal genetic quality. Men who exhibit high mating effort and who have high genetic quality would be expected to engage in more sexual coercion than other men because its costs to them are lowered by female preferences for them as sexual partners.
Prevention of asthma
Authors: J.K. Peat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Environmental factors which have changed in the last decade or so appear to be largely responsible for the increase in the prevalence of asthma in affluent countries. It should, therefore, be possible to design interventions to reverse these recent trends and reduce the incidence of asthma. Primary preventive strategies have the potential not only to reduce acquisition of sensitization to common allergens and the risk that symptoms will develop subsequently, but also to reduce morbidity in those who already have persistent disease. There is accumulating epidemiological evidence that a dietary exess of sodium and omega-6 fatty acids, a dietary deficiency of antioxidant vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, reduced rates of breastfeeding and exposure to allergens and environmental tobacco smoke are all involved in the aetiology of asthma. The modification of these factors has the potential to reduce the incidence and thus the prevalence of this disease. Environmental intervention should be particularly effective in children who have inherited or acquired characteristics which put them at high risk of developing asthma. With the evidence now available, it seems reasonable to assume that interventions which are based on our current knowledge of risk factors could achieve a 50% reduction in the prevalence of asthma in the next generation of children.
Ca <sup>2+</sup> /Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II δ Mediates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Nuclear Factor-κB
Authors: Haiyun Ling, Charles B.B. Gray, Alexander C. Zambon, Michael Grimm, Yusu Gu, Nancy Dalton, Nicole H. Purcell, Kirk Peterson, Joan Heller Brown
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Rationale: Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been implicated as a maladaptive mediator of cardiac ischemic injury. We hypothesized that the inflammatory response associated with in vivo ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is initiated through CaMKII signaling. Objective: To assess the contribution of CaMKIIδ to the development of inflammation, infarct, and ventricular dysfunction after in vivo I/R and define early cardiomyocyte–autonomous events regulated by CaMKIIδ using cardiac-specific knockout mice. Methods and Results: Wild-type and CaMKIIδ knockout mice were subjected to in vivo I/R by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery for 1 hour followed by reperfusion for various times. CaMKIIδ deletion protected the heart against I/R damage as evidenced by decreased infarct size, attenuated apoptosis, and improved functional recovery. CaMKIIδ deletion also attenuated I/R-induced inflammation and upregulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) target genes. Further studies demonstrated that I/R rapidly increases CaMKII activity, leading to NF-κB activation within minutes of reperfusion. Experiments using cyclosporine A and cardiac-specific CaMKIIδ knockout mice indicate that NF-κB activation is initiated independent of necrosis and within cardiomyocytes. Expression of activated CaMKII in cardiomyocytes leads to IκB kinase phosphorylation and concomitant increases in nuclear p65. Experiments using an IκB kinase inhibitor support the conclusion that this is a proximal site of CaMKII-mediated NF-κB activation. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating that CaMKIIδ mediates NF-κB activation in cardiomyocytes after in vivo I/R and suggests that CaMKIIδ serves to trigger, as well as to sustain subsequent changes in inflammatory gene expression that contribute to myocardial I/R damage.
PWE-005 Management Of High Risk Colonic Polyps
Authors: C Hayward, CR Chimakurthi
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Brain age prediction from brain MRI scans not only helps improve brain ageing modelling generally, but also provides benchmarks for predictive analysis methods. Brain-age delta, which is the difference between a subject's predicted age and true age, has become a meaningful biomarker for the health of the brain. Here, we report the details of our brain age prediction models and results in the Predictive Analysis Challenge 2019. The aim of the challenge was to use T1-weighted brain MRIs to predict a subject's age in multicentre datasets. We apply a lightweight deep convolutional neural network architecture, Simple Fully Convolutional Neural Network (SFCN), and combined several techniques including data augmentation, transfer learning, model ensemble, and bias correction for brain age prediction. The model achieved first places in both of the two objectives in the PAC 2019 brain age prediction challenge: Mean absolute error (MAE) = 2.90 years without bias removal, and MAE = 2.95 years with bias removal.
Asian minimal-change esophagitis in the era of high-definition endoscopy
Authors: R. Rerknimitr
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

I read the article by Kim et al., ”Is minimal change esophagitis really part of the spectrum of endoscopic findings of gastroesophageal reflux disease? A prospective, multicenter study” with interest [1]. My initial thought is in line with that of the authors on the absence of a definition for minimal erosive reflux disease (MERD) based on endoscopy. However, I disagree with their conclusion that ”endoscopic findings of MERD are not associated with GERD.” There are many points in their study that need further evaluation and clarification.
Management of mild hypertension: Too little emphasis on metabolic factors
Authors: P H Winocour, J Coope, A Zanchetti, G Feder
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - I was disappointed that the World Health Organisation-International Society of Hypertension placed such little emphasis on the impact of metabolic factors on the management of essential hypertension.1 Insulin insensitivity accompanying hypertension is associated with established or subsequent dyslipoproteinaemia (low high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, hypercholesterolaemia, and hypertrigly-ceridaemia) and glucose intolerance in at least 30% of patients.2,3 These disturbances will be compounded by treatment with preparations that combine a thiazide with a β blocker, leading to an 11-fold increased incidence of diabetes over the following 10 years.4

Although the published guidelines recommend treatment with a diuretic in combination with a β blocker for mild hypertension,1 they contain no suggestion that screening for metabolic dysfunction should be routine in the work up of hypertensive patients as an aid to the selection of appropriate pharmacological treatment. Nor is the need for continued surveillance for the development of diabetes mentioned. This seems paradoxical since the paper acknowledges that “serious cardiovascular disease is also determined by . . . diabetes, dyslipidaemia, central obesity.”

I suspect that I am not alone in frequently stopping treatment with a preparation combining a thiazide with a β blocker in patients recently diagnosed as diabetic who are overweight or elderly and have antecedent hypertension; this often leads to improved metabolic control.

The introduction of the paper states that guidelines should provide critical and balanced information on benefits and limitations of the various therapeutic interventions. These guidelines seem …
Statement on Use of Apolipoprotein E Testing for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Lindsay A. Farrer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the published data on the association between apolipoprotein E genotype (<i>APOE</i>) and Alzheimer disease (AD) and determine whether the data support the use of genetic testing for diagnosis or prediction of disease. This statement is intended for neurologists, psychiatrists, geneticists, primary care providers, diagnostic laboratories, and the public. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The joint American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) Test and Technology Transfer Committee developed a 10-member ACMG/ASHG Working Group to assess available data on the association of AD with<i>APOE</i>alleles. To ensure inclusion of clinical specialists primarily involved with AD patients and families, the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) appointed liaisons to the Working Group. <h3>Evidence.</h3> —Peer-reviewed journal publications obtained from an<i>Index Medicus</i>search or known to members of the Working Group were the source of data on which the statement is based. <h3>Consensus Process.</h3> —Following discussions with all members of the Working Group, a draft statement was prepared by the chair and circulated among all members until a consensus was reached. The consensus draft was sequentially reviewed and endorsed by the appropriate scientific and executive committees of the ACMG, ASHG, AAN, APA, and the National Institutes of Health—Department of Education Working Group on Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Human Genome Research. In some instances, suggestions from these committees were incorporated into the final statement. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —There is general consensus that<i>APOE</i>ε4 is strongly associated with AD and that when present may represent an important risk factor for the disease. However, at the present time it is not recommended for use in routine clinical diagnosis nor should it be used for predictive testing. Studies to date indicate that the<i>APOE</i>genotype alone does not provide sufficient sensitivity or specificity to allow genotyping to be used as a diagnostic test. Because AD develops in the absence of<i>APOE</i>ε4 and because many with<i>APOE</i>ε4 seem to escape disease, genotyping is also not recommended for use as a predictive genetic test. The results of a collaborative study under way will clarify some of these issues. Whether<i>APOE</i>genotypes have other uses in the management of AD will become apparent over the next few years. ' (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1627-1629)
Cryopreservation of Rat Aortic Valves Results in Increased Structural Failure
Authors: J. F. Legare, T. D. G. Lee, D. B. Ross
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The cause of valve allograft failure is most likely multifactorial and may include mechanical, immunological, and other factors. Cryopreservation of these valves is often used to extend storage times. However, there has been considerable confusion as to the effects of cryopreservation on valve durability. Our objective was to determine the effects of cryopreservation on histopathological changes in rat aortic valve grafts.Syngeneic rat aortic valve grafts (Lewis to Lewis; n=24) and allogeneic rat aortic valve grafts (Brown Norway to Lewis; n=24) were implanted infrarenally, either fresh or after cryopreservation. At 7, 14, and 28 days, the valves were explanted, and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed in a blinded fashion. Fresh syngeneic graft leaflets retained their normal structure for the 28-day period of observation. Cryopreserved syngeneic grafts showed retrovalvar thrombus formation, with leaflet destruction at 7, 14, and 28 days. Fresh allogeneic graft leaflets showed significant leaflet thickening and progressive destruction at 14 and 28 days. Cryopreserved allogeneic grafts had evidence of retrovalvar thrombus formation with leaflet destruction at 7, 14, and 28 days. Cryopreserved syngeneic grafts resulted in significant infiltration of mononuclear (ED1(+)) cells not seen with fresh syngeneic grafts but similar to fresh allogeneic grafts. All allogeneic grafts resulted in significant infiltration of T-lymphocytes (CD3(+), CD8(+), CD43(+)).Cryopreservation appears to predispose syngeneic and allogeneic rat aortic valve leaflets to accelerated injury and destruction. This mode of failure resembles that of fresh allogeneic valve grafts.
Review of<i>Rehabilitation in Movement Disorders</i>
Authors: Fátima Abrantes-Pais
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Ear piercing and hepatitis. Nonsterile instruments for ear piercing and the subsequent onset of viral hepatitis
Authors: C. J. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

IN February 1973, the mother of a girl who had her ear lobes pierced in a jewelery store complained that the jeweler had used soiled instruments. This was investigated, and the jeweler was found to be using bloodstained instruments. He reported that the instruments were soaked in a 70% alcohol solution between procedures. He stated that he had done many hundreds without incident. However, 70% alcohol solutions do not destroy hepatitis virus.  To evaluate the possibility of transmission of viral hepatitis by inadequately sterilized, earlobe-piercing instruments, case reports of viral hepatitis were examined for clues.  A review of 702 cases of viral hepatitis reported in Seattle and King County in 1972 disclosed that 48 cases had occurred in women 12 to 23 years of age who had no known exposure to sources of viral hepatitis. Each of these 48 women was interviewed by telephone to determine if her earlobes had
Change in Cognitive Function Over Time in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Laura R. Ment, Betty Vohr, Walter Allan, Karol H. Katz, Karen C. Schneider, Michael Westerveld, Charles C. Duncan, Robert W. Makuch
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> Preterm very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants have a high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disability when evaluated during the first several years of life. However, recent experimental data suggest that the developing brain may recover from or compensate for injury. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine if there is cognitive improvement throughout early and middle childhood following VLBW birth. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Follow-up data of 296 infants born weighing 600 to 1250 g who participated in a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) prevention study performed at 3 northeastern US hospitals between September 1989 and August 1992 and who were serially evaluated at 36, 54, 72, and 96 months of corrected age (CA). <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> The age-normed Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Revised (PPVT-R) score and measures of intelligence. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, the median PPVT-R score increased from 88 at 36 months of CA to 99 at 96 months of CA; when data from 36 and 96 months of CA were compared, 45% of children gained 10 points or more and 12.5% showed a 5- to 9-point increase in test scores. Similar findings were noted for full-scale and verbal IQ scores. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that increasing age, residence in a 2-parent household, and higher levels of maternal education were all significantly associated with higher PPVT-R scores (for each,<i>P</i>&lt;.001). In addition, early intervention led to greater increases over time in PPVT-R scores among children whose mothers had less than a high school education compared with those with a high school education level or greater (<i>P</i>= .03 by test for interaction). Although most children showed improvement in PPVT-R scores with increasing CA, children with early-onset IVH and subsequent significant central nervous system injury had the lowest PPVT-R scores initially and the scores declined over time (<i>P</i>= .009 by test for interaction). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The majority of VLBW children had improvement in verbal and IQ test scores over time. Only children with early-onset IVH followed by significant central nervous system injury had low PPVT-R scores that declined over time.
Subcutaneous Kaposi??s Sarcoma Thallium Scan Demonstration
Authors: VICTOR W. LEE, HENRY CHEN, ELLEN PANAGEAS, J CONOR O??KEANE, HOWARD A. LIEBMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A case of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma involving subcutaneous tissues beyond the visible skin lesions is reported. In this case, the tumor was thallium avid. Thallium scintigraphy was able to demonstrate the true extent of the tumor and may be used to document the presence and extent of cutaneous and extracutaneous AIDSrelated Kaposi's sarcoma.