tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Some aspects on the organization of microfilaments and microtubules in relation to nondisjunction.
Authors: A Onfelt, C Ramel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

One possible mechanism behind nondisjunction is a malfunctioning spindle. A defect or lack of spindle is a criterion for c-mitosis. In chemical mutagenesis research the c-mitotic effect is a well known cytological phenomemon, which can be induced by many different compounds. Pioneer work was performed during the 1940's by Ostergren and Levan, and their results and conclusions are briefly discussed. Since colchicine can induce c-mitosis and c-meiosis, by definition, and nondisjunction, a correlation between these phenomena is logical. The general importance of the spindle protein tubulin is considered and some new data from the cell biology literature on spindle formation and function as well as chromosome structure are briefly summarized. This knowledge can be used to correlate cytological and biochemical parameters among which c-mitosis and changes in sulfhydryl group metabolism after chemical treatment are the most obvious ones.
Identification of cancer stem cells in a Tax-transgenic (Tax-Tg) mouse model of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Jumpei Yamazaki, Takuo Mizukami, Kazuya Takizawa, Madoka Kuramitsu, Haruka Momose, Atsuko Masumi, Yasushi Ami, Hideki Hasegawa, William W. Hall, Hajime Tsujimoto, Isao Hamaguchi, Kazunari Yamaguchi
Journal: Blood (2009)
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage and necrosectomy of walled-off pancreatic necrosis using a metal stent with an electrocautery-enhanced delivery system and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Domenico Galasso, Todd Baron, Fabia Attili, Khaled Zachariah, Guido Costamagna, Alberto Larghi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Direct endoscopic necrosectomy of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) has recently been reported to have comparable success rates to surgery, but with lower morbidity and mortality [1] [2]. The procedure is, however, time consuming and requires multiple device exchanges [3], which may increase the risk of complications.
THE CLINICAL ASPECTS OF CUTANEOUS REACTIONS AFTER ARSPHENAMIN
Authors: JOSEPH V. KLAUDER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Many fatalities following arsphenamin therapy are preceded by or associated with untoward cutaneous reactions. It becomes a matter of considerable importance, therefore, that one administering this therapy should be cognizant of the prodromal symptoms and later symptoms of untoward cutaneous reactions after arsphenamin. Following the administration of the arsenicals arsphenamin, neo-arsphenamin, silver arsphenamin, sodium arsphenamin, sulphoxylate arsphenamin and sulpharsphenamin in the treatment of syphilis, various cutaneous reactions are observed. These reactions may be classed in two main groups. Group 1 is essentially an erythemosquamous eruption, so-called arsphenamin dermatitis, which, as will later be shown, is variably manifested. Group 2 is a vasomotor disturbance. The principal and most frequent reaction in this group is what is generally known as nitritoid reaction. There are other cutaneous reactions occurring after the arsphenamins which do not belong in Group 1 or Group 2 but may, for the convenience of discussion, be placed in a
Hazardous solid waste from metallurgical industries.
Authors: R P Leonard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Types of land disposed residuals from selected metal smelting and refining industries are described, as are the origin and disposition of land disposed residuals from the primary copper industry as an example. Quantities of land-disposed or stored residuals, including slags, sludges, and dusts, are given per unit of metal production for most primary and secondary metal smelting and refining industries. Assessments of the hazard potential of residuals are given. Present treatment and disposal of residuals are discussed and assessed for health and environmental protection. Possible technologies for protection of ground and surface water contamination are presented. These include lined lagoons, chemical fixation of sludge, and ground sealing. Possibilities of resource recovery from residuals are discussed. Data are presented showing attenuation of heavy metal ions and fluorides in selected soils. The leachability and mobility of smelting and refining residuals constituents, including heavy metals and fluorides, and other potential toxicants in specific soil, geologic, and hydrologic disposal environments must be carefully considered in setting disposal requirements.
Incidence and thickness of primary tumours and survival of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma in relation to socioeconomic status
Authors: R. M MacKie, D. J Hole
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To study incidence of and survival from cutaneous malignant melanoma in relation to socioeconomic status. <b>Design</b>: Application of Carstairs deprivation score to all malignant melanoma patients diagnosed in a geographically defined area over a 15 year period. <b>Setting</b>: West of Scotland (area population 2 716 900). <b>Subjects</b>: 3142 patients first diagnosed with malignant melanoma in the period 1979-93. <b>Interventions</b>: Surgical excision of primary malignant melanoma with additional treatment as appropriate and follow up until December 1994. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Malignant melanoma incidence, primary tumour thickness and five year survival by socioeconomic status <b>Results</b>: From 1979 to 1993, the age standardised incidence rate for cutaneous malignant melanoma was 9.1/100000 for the most affluent men and 2.4/100000 for the least affluent men and 16.1/100000 and 5.0/100000 respectively for most and least affluent women (P&lt;0.001 for trend in both). The incidence increased steadily over time in both sexes in all socioeconomic groups. Good prognosis tumours (&lt;1.5 mm thick) were most common in the most affluent men and women, and over the study period the proportion of such tumours increased most in the intermediate affluence group (both sexes) and in the least affluent women. Five year disease free survival from melanoma for the sexes combined was 81% for most affluent, 77% for intermediate, and 73% for least affluent groups. Even after adjustment for known prognostic factors of tumour thickness, ulceration, age, and body site of primary melanoma, the more affluent the group, the better the survival. <b>Conclusion</b>: Although the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is higher among more affluent people, the prognosis is better in this group than for less affluent individuals. Early diagnosis campaigns should be targeted particularly to less affluent men and primary prevention campaigns should emphasise the greater risk in more affluent women. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Paradoxically, five year disease free survival prospects are better for affluent people Variations in incidence could be explained by differences in sun exposure related to socio- economic status Variations in nutrition and possibly immune function by socioeconomic status could explain survival differences In public education campaigns, deprived men should be targeted to encourage earlier diagnosis Primary prevention campaigns should be tar- geted to more affluent socioeconomic groups
HIV in Persons Born Outside the United States, 2007-2010
Authors: Adria Tassy Prosser, Tian Tang, H. Irene Hall
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Persons born outside the United States comprise about 13% of the US population, and the challenges these persons face in accessing health care may lead to poorer human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease outcomes.To describe the epidemiology of HIV among persons born outside the United States and among US-born persons diagnosed in the United States.Analysis of the estimated number of US-born persons and persons born outside the United States diagnosed with HIV from 2007 through 2010 in 46 states and 5 US territories, the demographic characteristics, and the HIV transmission risk factors reported to the National HIV Surveillance System. Foreign-born persons were defined as persons born outside the United States and its territories, inclusive of naturalized citizens.Diagnosis of HIV infection.From 2007 through 2010, HIV was diagnosed in 191,697 persons in the US population; of these, 16.2% (95% CI, 16.0%-16.3%) (n = 30,995) were born outside the United States. Of the 25,255 persons with a specified country or region of birth outside the United States, 14.5% (n = 3656) were from Africa, 41.0% (n = 10,343) were from Central America (including Mexico), and 21.5% (n = 5418) were from the Caribbean. The 4 states (California, Florida, New York, and Texas) reporting the highest numbers of persons born outside the United States and diagnosed with HIV were also the top 4 reporters of HIV cases overall. Among persons born outside the United States with HIV, 73.5% (n = 22,773) were male. Among whites, 1841 of 55,574 (3.3%) of HIV diagnoses were in persons born outside the United States; in blacks, 8614 of 86,547 diagnoses (10.0%); in Hispanics, 17,913 of 42,431 diagnoses (42.2%); and in Asians, 1987 of 3088 diagnoses (64.3%). The percentage infected through heterosexual contact was 39.4% among persons born outside the United States vs 27.2% for US-born persons.Among persons in 46 US states and 5 US territories who received a diagnosis of HIV from 2007 through 2010, 16.2% were born outside the United States. Compared with US-born persons diagnosed with HIV, persons born outside the United States had different epidemiologic characteristics.
Impact of ultrahigh baseline PSA levels on biochemical and clinical outcomes in two Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) prostate clinical trials
Authors: G. Rodrigues, K. Bae, M. Roach, C. Lawton, B. Donnelly, D. Grignon, G. Hanks, A. Porter, H. Lepor, H. Sandler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

5123 Background: Controversy exists regarding the outcomes of prostate cancer patients (PCP) presenting with ultra-high (UH; defined as PSA ≥ 50 ng/ml) PSA levels. The objectives of this study were to assess the outcome of this patient population compared to other high-risk patients and to identify predictors associated with biochemical/clinical outcomes. Methods: PCP from two phase III RTOG PC clinical trials (9202 and 9413) were divided into two groups; high-risk patients with and without UH baseline PSA level. Predictive variables included age, Gleason score, T stage, KPS, and treatment arm. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), distant metastasis (DM), and biochemical failure (BF) by Phoenix definition. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for OS, and Fine and Gray's regression model was used for DM and BF to test the hypotheses that a difference in each outcome exists between the two groups. Results: There are 401 PCP in the UH PSA and 1792 in the non-UH PSA cohort. Median age was 70 years and PCP were evenly distributed across the Gleason groups (2–6, 7, 8–10) for the non-UH (median PSA 22.4 ng/ml) and the UH PSA (median PSA 72.8ng/ml) cohort. The UH PSA cohort had a larger proportion of T1-T2 disease (p = 0.01) and a smaller proportion of Gleason 8 disease (p = 0.04) than the non-UH group. PCP with UH PSA was found to have inferior OS (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.39), DM rate (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.19–1.92), and BF rate (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.29–1.73) when compared to other high-risk PCP in multivariable modeling. In the UH cohort, PSA level was found to model risk of DM (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.001–1.02) but not OS and BF. Gleason grade 8–10 was found to consistently predict for poor OS, DM, and BF outcomes (with HR estimates ranging from 1.41 to 2.36) in both the overall and UH cohort multivariable analyses. Conclusions: UH PSA levels at diagnosis are related with detrimental changes in OS, DM, and BF. All three outcomes assessed in this investigation can be modeled by various combinations all predictive variables tested. Supported by RTOG U10 CA21661, CCOP U10 CA37422, and Stat U10 CA32115 grants from the NCI. This abstract's contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCI. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 5466: nNOS, a novel target for melanoma prevention and therapy
Authors: Sun Yang, Zhen Yang, Frank L. Meyskens
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract It is well recognized that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in tumor progression, including human melanoma. Our data showed that NO stress by NO donor DETA treatment remarkably stimulated the proliferation of normal primary melanocytes with foci formed in culture and the metastatic capacity of human melanoma cells detected by matrigel invasion assays was also significantly induced with DETA incubation. Our previous mechanistic studies have revealed that NO-induced melanoma progression is mediated by Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/Ref-1), which plays an important role in melanomagenesis and development, in a feed-forward loop manner. Both our in vitro cell culture (Immunoblotting) and in vivo human biopsy (Immunohistochemistry) studies have demonstrated the predominant elevations of nNOS expression levels in melanoma cells. Notably, induction of nNOS was evident with UVB radiation and growth factor bFGF treatments. Knockdown of nNOS with siRNA efficiently reduced the DETA-induced melanoma proliferation and invasion potential, and was associated with reductions of many genes that related to proliferation, anti-apoptosis and invasion, such as c-Jun, Bcl-2, and MMP-1. A novel synthesized nNOS inhibitor JI-11 was utilized to inhibit nNOS activity and our data showed that co-treatment of JI-11 at 1uM concentration significantly attenuated the alterations induced by UVB radiation and DETA treatments. MTS analysis also revealed that pretreatment of JI-11 sensitized melanoma cells to chemo-drug Cisplatin. We hypothesize that targeting nNOS/NO to prevent and treat melanoma is innovative and potentially of great benefit. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5466.
Nongonococcal Urethritis
Authors: Yehudi M. Felman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The rising incidence of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and the risk of potential complications attributed to chlamydial carriage are of great concern to public health officials. Recognition of Chlamydia trachomatis as a serious, sexually transmitted pathogen has come more recently, and this agent may be responsible for many cases of epididymitis, prostatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, Reiter's syndrome, infant pneumonia, and possibly other complications. This review describes the clinical manifestations of NGU compared with gonococcal urethritis and the means of diagnosis and management in the patient and his sexual partners. The chlamydial etiology of NGU and other possible etiologies are also discussed.
Effective Utilization of the Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Alfred B. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The role of the psychiatric hospital in an expanding program of community psychiatry is undergoing redefinition. 1 The general philosophy underlying the community mental health program is based largely on research findings from the social sciences, 2,3 and can be summarized briefly as follows: mental illness in an individual is significantly influenced in its development and its progression by his relationship to his family and to the community. Psychotherapeutic attention must be focused on these relationships in order to achieve maximal effectiveness. The classical one-to-one therapy that predominates in the private practice of psychiatry is frequently ineffective in dealing with these relationships, and does not reach the less prosperous and less articulate classes of society, both because of its expense and because it seems to be tailored to middle class attitudes and values. The psychiatrist's concept of his role must therefore be broadened to include work with families and community
Endoscopic Insertion of an M2A Video Capsule through an Overtube
Authors: W. Mohl, A. Schneider, M. P. Lutz
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The M2A video capsule (Given Imaging Ltd., Yoqneam, Israel) is slightly larger than large antibiotic tablets. Some patients have difficulties in swallowing the capsule, not only due to its size but also because of emotional aspects. We report here the case of a 74-year-old man with gastrointestinal bleeding in the context of acquired idiopathic von Willebrand disease. The source could not be located with upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. As he had a long-standing aversion to any form of oral medication, the patient was unable to swallow the M2A capsule.
Black Panters, Red Raspers, And Assorted Colors
Authors: Samuel Vee
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I welcome the contemporary trend in using colorful alliterative labels for various syndromes. The pithy designations bring into instant relief a clinical picture not otherwise readily envisaged. What can more vividly recall the image of a pink-cheeked dyspneic patient with emphysema than "pink puffer"? What can be more evocative of the cyanotic bronchitic in heart failure than "blue bloater"? To these labels now sanctioned by usage may I add a few more. "Black panter" would eminently fit the dyspneic panting away in terminal cyanosis. "Red Rasper" could readily apply to the cherry-red victim of carbon monoxide with rasping respiratory stridor. Purple "pisseurs" would suit well sufferers from porphyria. "Brown-boozers" would do for hemochromatotic alcoholics. And, for the victims of the recent infectious hepatitis epidemic among yogurt-drinking cowboys of western Alberta what could be more appropriate than "Yellow Yogurt-Gulping Yodellers"?
TEACHING THE PRINCIPLES OF AMBULANT PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: C. H. HARDIN BRANCH, JOY W. ELY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

In summary, the teaching of the principles of ambulant psychotherapy depends upon the development in the trainee of sufficient personal security to facilitate a helpful relationship to the patient and sufficient sophistication to promote adequate communication. These goals can be achieved if the staff has broad clinical experience, can provide a broad spectrum of psychodynamic theory and insists that the trainee is confronted by a range of patient material beginning with persons culturally similar to himself and extending from this beginning to as wide a cultural range as the situation will permit.
Bone Tumour Management
Authors: John D. Hsu
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The current management of bone tumors is given in this multiauthored textbook, which represents papers delivered at a conference in London convened in 1985. Experts from 25 countries attended, but the majority of the papers came from the United States and Great Britain. The collected papers successfully give an overview of the current knowledge of primary bone tumor management. Care of metastatic tumors is also briefly mentioned. The book starts with a pictorial presentation of several cases that a practicing orthopedist could encounter. Definitive care is brought out, and the reader will be encouraged by the new developments that have occurred in the past 15 years and been incorporated into the armamentarium. Several chapters specifically discuss the design, development, material characteristics, and use of metallic replacement prostheses for replacing or bridging large osteoarticular defects, with or without cement. Further reading is then directed at six sections on pathology of bone
Conduction block in the inferior vena caval-tricuspid valve isthmus: Association with outcome of radiofrequency ablation of type I atrial flutter
Authors: David Schwartzman, David J. Callans, Charles D. Gottlieb, Stephen M. Dillon, Colin Movsowitz, Francis E. Marchlinski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

We sought to 1) correlate conduction block in the isthmus of the right atrium between the inferior vena cava and the tricuspid annulus with the efficacy of catheter ablation of type I atrial flutter, and 2) characterize the effects of ablative lesions on the properties of isthmus conduction.There are few data on the mechanism of persistent suppression of recurrence of atrial flutter by catheter ablation.Thirty-five patients with type I atrial flutter underwent catheter mapping and ablation. Radiofrequency lesions were applied in the isthmus. Transisthmus conduction before and after the lesions was assessed during atrial pacing in sinus rhythm from the medial and lateral margins of the isthmus at cycle lengths of 600, 400 and 300 ms and the native flutter cycle length. Isthmus conduction block was defined using multipolar recording techniques. There were three treatment groups: group 1 = radiofrequency energy applied during flutter, until termination (n = 14); group 2 = radiofrequency energy applied during atrial pacing in sinus rhythm from the proximal coronary sinus at a cycle length of 600 ms, until isthmus conduction block was observed (n = 14); and group 3 = radiofrequency energy applied until an initial flutter termination, after which further energy was applied during atrial pacing in sinus rhythm until isthmus conduction block was observed (n = 7).In group 1, after the initial flutter termination, isthmus conduction block was observed in 9 of the 14 patients. In each of these nine patients, flutter could not be reinitiated. In each of the remaining five patients, after the initial flutter termination, isthmus conduction was intact and atrial flutter could be reinitiated. Ultimately, successful ablation in each of these patients was also associated with isthmus conduction block. In groups 2 and 3, isthmus conduction block was achieved during radiofrequency energy application, and flutter could not subsequently be reinitiated. Before achieving conduction block, marked conduction slowing or intermittent block, or both, was observed in some patients. In some patients, isthmus conduction block was pacing rate dependent. In addition, recovery from conduction block was common in the laboratory and had a variable time course. At a mean follow-up interval of 10 months (range 1 to 21), the actuarial incidence of freedom from type I flutter was 80% (recurrence in three patients at 7 to 15 months).Isthmus conduction block is associated with flutter ablation success. Conduction slowing or intermittent block, or both, in the isthmus can occur before achieving persistent block. Recovery of conduction after achieving block is common. Follow-up has revealed a low rate of flutter recurrence after achieving isthmus conduction block, whether the block was achieved in conjunction with termination of flutter.
Interleukin 15 triggers differentiation/maturation of Foxp3+ T cells from bone marrow in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-dependent manner
Authors: M Chorazy-Massalska, A Radzikowska, E Warnawin, M Jastrzebska, I Janicka, T Burakowski, D Pawlak, W Rudnicka, P Maldyk, E Kontny, W Maslinski
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Recent data provide evidence that efficient T cell priming takes place in bone marrow (BM). Moreover, our recent data indicate that these processes are even more pronounced in chronic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), suggesting that natural inhibitory mechanisms including recruitment and functions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) compartment may be affected in these diseases. In the present study the authors analysed the …