tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of homeopathy in NHS not justified
Authors: M. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2002)

No evidence exists to justify the use of homoeopathy in the NHS, an in-depth analysis of published data has concluded.

The study, carried out by the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, based at York University, reviewed data from over 200 randomised clinical trials of homoeopathy in a variety of conditions.

It concluded that not only was there little evidence to support the efficacy of homoeopathy, but the data that did exist were of poor quality and came from trials that were often deeply flawed.

Common problems included under-powered …
137 TNF-RECEPTOR 1-DEPENDENT SIGNALLING DETERMINES THE PROGRESSION OF NEMO-MEDIATED HEPATITIS
Authors: A. Singh, F.J. Cubero, E. Borkham-Kamphorst, M. Al-Masaoudi, C. Liedtke, T. Luedde, R. Weiskirchen, M. Heikenwälder, C. Trautwein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The Transmembrane Protein 16A Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated Cl<sup>−</sup> Channel in Airway Smooth Muscle Contributes to Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Cheng-Hai Zhang, Yinchuan Li, Wei Zhao, Lawrence M. Lifshitz, Hequan Li, Brian D. Harfe, Min-Sheng Zhu, Ronghua ZhuGe
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a characteristic of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) [Cl((Ca))] channels are inferred to be involved in AHR, yet their molecular nature and the cell type they act within to mediate this response remain unknown.Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) and TMEM16B are Cl((Ca)) channels, and activation of Cl((Ca)) channels in airway smooth muscle (ASM) contributes to agonist-induced airway contraction. We hypothesized that Tmem16a and/or Tmem16b encode Cl((Ca)) channels in ASM and mediate AHR.We assessed the expression of the TMEM16 family, and the effects of niflumic acid and benzbromarone on AHR and airway contraction, in an ovalbumin-sensitized mouse model of chronic asthma. We also cloned TMEM16A from ASM and examined the Cl(-) currents it produced in HEK293 cells. We further studied the impacts of TMEM16A deletion on Ca(2+) agonist-induced cell shortening, and on Cl((Ca)) currents activated by Ca(2+) sparks (localized, short-lived Ca(2+) transients due to the opening of ryanodine receptors) in mouse ASM cells.TMEM16A, but not TMEM16B, is expressed in ASM cells and its expression in these cells is up-regulated in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Niflumic acid and benzbromarone prevent AHR and contraction evoked by methacholine in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. TMEM16A produces Cl((Ca)) currents with kinetics similar to native Cl((Ca)) currents. TMEM16A deletion renders Ca(2+) sparks unable to activate Cl((Ca)) currents, and weakens caffeine- and methacholine-induced cell shortening.Tmem16a encodes Cl((Ca)) channels in ASM and contributes to Ca(2+) agonist-induced contraction. In addition, up-regulation of TMEM16A and its augmented activation contribute to AHR in an ovalbumin-sensitized mouse model of chronic asthma. TMEM16A may represent a potential therapeutic target for asthma.
On Retroflexion of the Uterus
Authors: L. Atthill
Journal: BMJ (1872)

The various influences spoken of, acting through the different parts of the nervous system, impress immediately the sympathetic, and so alter the current of blood through the head: thus, while the face is pale, the larger vessels are throbbing, the head is hot, and the remedies which instinct suggests are cold and pressure to the part.In fact, of all the means which have been used to cure this trouble, the only one on which we can rely to procure relief is the wet bandage tied tightly round the head.The method must be instinctive, for it is universal, and has been used from all time.As our Shakespeare is often quoted to illustrate the morbid states of the body as well as the passions of the mind, he may be again conjured up to testify to the ancient practice of which I have been speaking.For example, in the scene between Hubert and Arthur in Aing y7ohz, the latter, when petitioning for the preservation of his eyes, says-" When your head did btut ache I kniit my handkerchief about your brows."And in OAch/to we have not only the remedy for headache given, but the cause.The former was the handkerchief about which the chief interest of the play centred."De'sdeioner.Why do vou speak so faintly ?Are you not well ?Otkello ....I have a pain upon my forehead here.
p53-dependent ceramide response to genotoxic stress.
Authors: G S Dbaibo, M Y Pushkareva, R A Rachid, N Alter, M J Smyth, L M Obeid, Y A Hannun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Both p53 and ceramide have been implicated in the regulation of growth suppression. p53 has been proposed as the "guardian of the genome" and ceramide has been suggested as a "tumor suppressor lipid. " Both molecules appear to regulate cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between p53 and ceramide. We found that treatment of Molt-4 cells with low concentrations of actinomycin D or gamma-irradiation, which activate p53-dependent apoptosis, induces apoptosis only in cells expressing normal levels of p53. In these cells, p53 activation was followed by a dose- and time-dependent increase in endogenous ceramide levels which was not seen in cells lacking functional p53 and treated similarly. Similar results were seen in irradiated L929 cells whereby the p53-deficient clone was significantly more resistant to irradiation and exhibited no ceramide response. However, in p53-independent systems, such as growth suppression induced by TNF-alpha or serum deprivation, ceramide accumulated irrespective of the upregulation of p53, indicating that p53 regulates ceramide accumulation in only a subset of growth-suppressive pathways. Finally, ceramide did not increase p53 levels when used at growth-suppressive concentrations. Also, when cells lacking functional p53, either due to mutation or the expression of the E6 protein of human papilloma virus, were treated with exogenous ceramide, there was equal growth suppression, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis as compared with cells expressing normal p53. These results indicate that p53 is unlikely to function "downstream" of ceramide. Instead, they suggest that, in situations where p53 performs a critical regulatory role, such as the response to genotoxic stress, it functions "upstream" of ceramide. These studies begin to define a relationship between these two pathways of growth inhibition.
1294 CROSS-SECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE AND AMINOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN A KOREAN POPULATION
Authors: D.W. Jun, D.C. Kim, W. Sohn, D.H. Koh, T.Y. Kim, J.H. Sohn, K.N. Lee, H.L. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
B-cell replication history and somatic hypermutation status identify distinct pathophysiologic backgrounds in common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Gertjan J. Driessen, Menno C. van Zelm, P. Martin van Hagen, Nico G. Hartwig, Margreet Trip, Adilia Warris, Esther de Vries, Barbara H. Barendregt, Ingrid Pico, Wim Hop, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Mirjam van der Burg
Journal: Blood (2011)
Rapid Test for Determination of Disaccharidase Activities in Endoscopic Biopsy Specimens from the Small Intestine
Authors: J. Banai, I. Szántó, M. Kun, I. Rózsa
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

We have developed a new and rapid semiquantitative method of demonstrating disaccharidase activities in biopsy specimens obtained endoscopically from the jejunum. Biopsy samples are placed in sucrose or lactose solutions. Sucrase and lactase activities are detected by testing glucose in the solutions using commercial urine glucose detection strips.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab at 4-Month Intervals for Prevention of Macular Edema after Plaque Radiotherapy of Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Sanket U. Shah, Carol L. Shields, Carlos G. Bianciotto, Juan Iturralde, Saad A. Al-Dahmash, Emil Anthony T. Say, Josep Badal, Arman Mashayekhi, Jerry A. Shields
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Effects of Dietary Supplements of Wheat Bran and Cellulose on Faeces and Bowel Function
Authors: M. A. Eastwood, J. R. Kirkpatrick, W. D. Mitchell, A. Bone, T. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In a study of bowel function in normal subjects wheat bran or cellulose was added to the diet for four weeks (16 g/day). Stool weight increased. Intestinal transit time did not significantly alter. Faecal bile acids did not increase but were diluted. It seems that the effect of these materials is to produce a bulky stool and that any symptomatic benefit they produce is secondary to this.
Abstract 2268: Suicidal tendencies: The promotion of cell death by a prolactin antagonist through autophagy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Yunfei Wen, Behrouz Zand, Kang Yu, Justin Bottsford-Miller, Rebbeca L. Stone, Amy Carroll, Chad V. Pecot, Sunila Pradeep, Sherry Wu, Wei Hu, Bulent Ozpolat, Robert Coleman, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract As a multifunctional pituitary hormone and cytokine, prolactin (PRL) is not only essential for normal reproduction and maintenance of pregnancy, but is involved in over 300 biological activities. There is increasing evidence that PRL plays a role in a variety of cancers including ovarian cancer. Elevated levels of PRL have been reported in patients with ovarian cancer. Furthermore, increased expression of PRL receptors (PRLr) have been shown in ovarian cancers, signifying the importance of PRL-mediated signaling in ovarian carcinogenesis. Abnormal activities of PRLr-mediated signaling pathways such as MAPK and JAK2/STAT5 lead to tumorigenicity and recurrence. Therefore, inhibition of PRL signaling is implicated as a target in cancer therapy; however, no viable strategies have been identified for blocking PRL during tumor progression. Herein, we report a novel strategy to counteract the activity of PRLr-mediated cellular survival in malignant ovarian cancer cells with autophagic cell death. Prolanta (G129R), an analog of human PRL with a single amino-acid substitution at position 129 Glycine with bulky Arginine, induces adaptive autophagy through antagonism of the PRLr expressed on human ovarian cancer cells (HeyA8 and SKOV3). The mouse ovarian cancer cell IG10, which does not express PRLr, had no induction of autophagy upon Prolanta treatment. We also identified that Prolanta competitively binds to PRLr and partially inhibits the oncogenic signaling pathways mediated by PRLr, including JNK/STAT3, PI-3K/Rac/PAK pathways that can lead to cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. In addition, we observed cell death after Prolanta treatment in 3-D-spheroid models. We explored molecular mechanisms behind this autophagic cell death induced by Prolanta. Through biomarker identification using the reverse phase protein array (RPPA), we revealed a signaling complex regulated by Pea-15, an autophagy activator through JNK-pathway, which was activated by Prolanta. Microarray analysis reported an array of autophagic genes activated by Prolanta. Furthermore, in an orthotopic mouse model, Prolanta treatment with or without a taxane caused significant inhibition of SKOV3 and HeyA8 growth. In summary, Prolanta functions as a molecular antagonist to tumor-associated PRL by inducing adaptive autophagic cell death in human ovarian cancer. These preclinical findings reveal the novelty of Prolanta as an adjuvant therapy for ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2268. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2268
Response of the Lung to Six to 12 Hours of 100 per Cent Oxygen Inhalation in Normal Man
Authors: Joseph M. Van De Water, Karen S. Kagey, Ian T. Miller, David A. Parker, Nicholas E. O'Connor, Jaen-Min Sheh, John D. MacArthur, Robert M. Zollinger, Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

To assess the early effects of 100 per cent oxygen breathing in normal human lungs without pre-existing pulmonary disease, mechanical ventilation and blood transfusions, 11 carefully informed, healthy young men were studied. Nine breathed 100 per cent oxygen at ambient pressure for six to 12 hours, and two served as controls. To study the changes at the pulmonary vasculature level, the following determinations were made: alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, physiologic pulmonary shunt, pulmonary artery pressure, total pulmonary resistance, cardiac output and pulmonary extravascular water volume. A comparison of the values during the equilibration period with those throughout the 100 per cent oxygen breathing period revealed no statistically significant changes.
Infection of common marmosets with hepatitis C virus/GB virus-B chimeras
Authors: Tingting Li, Shaomei Zhu, Lifang Shuai, Yuxia Xu, Sen Yin, Yixin Bian, Yuanzhan Wang, Bingfeng Zuo, Wenjing Wang, Shuoxian Zhao, Ling Zhang, Jingang Zhang, George F. Gao, Jean-Pierre Allain, Chengyao Li
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The development of vaccination and novel therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been hampered by the lack of suitable small-animal models. GB virus B (GBV-B), closely related to HCV, causes viral hepatitis in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchue jacchus) and might represent an attractive surrogate model for HCV infection. However, differences exist between GBV-B and HCV in spite of a short genetic distance between the two viruses. Here we report common marmosets infected with two HCV/GBV-B chimeras containing HCV structural genes coding for either whole core and envelope proteins (CE1E2p7) or full envelope proteins (E1E2p7) substituted for the counterpart elements of GBV-B. Naïve animals intrahepatically injected with chimeric RNA transcripts or intravenously injected with sera from primary infected animals produced high levels of circulating infectious chimeric viruses and they developed chronic infection. Tacrolimus-treated marmosets inoculated with a CE1E2p7 chimera had higher viral loads and long-term persistent infection. A moderate elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels was observed in parallel with viral replication. Chimeras recovered from liver samples revealed 1/958 adaptive viral mutations. Histopathological changes typical of viral hepatitis were observed in liver tissues from all types of HCV chimeras-infected marmosets. HCV core and E2 proteins were detected in liver tissues from infected animals by immunohistochemical staining. Fluctuations of chimeric virus replication in marmosets with spontaneous and sporadic viral clearance might be related to specific antibody and T-cell response to HCV proteins in vivo. Replication of CE1E2p7 chimera was observed in primary hepatocyte cultures by immunofluorescent staining in vitro. Conclusion: Infectious HCV chimeras causing chronic hepatitis in marmosets might constitute a small primate model suitable for evaluation of virus-cell interaction, vaccination, and antiviral therapy against HCV infection. (Hepatology 2014;59:789–802)
Renal Vein Thrombosis and the Nephrotic Syndrome.
Authors: Victor E. Pollak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Renal Vein Thrombosis and the Nephrotic Syndrome.Victor E. Pollak, M.B., Conrad L. Pirani, M.D.Victor E. Pollak, M.B.Search for more papers by this author, Conrad L. Pirani, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1183_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptUnilateral or bilateral renal vein thrombosis occurs in about 5% of adults with nephrotic syndrome. We have studied ten such patients in whom the diagnosis was made during life. It occurred with or without widespread thromboembolism. Some patients, presumably with gradual or incomplete venous occlusion, presented only with nephrotic syndrome; others, presumably with sudden complete venous occlusion, presented alsc with severe flank pain, presumably due to congestion of the kidney and capsular distention.When the diagnosis was suspected clinically, it was made by a combination of radiologic and renal biopsy findings. The radiologic signs included evidence of rapid renal enlargement,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Victor E. Pollak, M.B.; Conrad L. Pirani, M.D.Affiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1183-1183KeywordsBiopsyKidneysThromboembolismVeins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Methylation of <i>p16</i> CpG Island Associated with Malignant Progression of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jie Cao, Jing Zhou, Yan Gao, Liankun Gu, Huanxin Meng, Hongwei Liu, Dajun Deng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Inactivation of p16 gene by CpG methylation is a frequent event in oral epithelial dysplasia. To investigate the predictive value of p16 methylation on malignant potential in oral epithelial dysplasia, we carried out the prospective cohort study. Experimental Design: One hundred one patients with histologically confirmed mild or moderate oral epithelial dysplasia were included in the present cohort study. p16 Methylation status of the oral epithelial dysplasia lesions from 93 cases was obtained by methylation-specific PCR. Progression of the oral epithelial dysplasia lesions was examined in 78 cases histologically during a 45.8 months follow-up period. The association between p16 methylation and progression of oral epithelial dysplasia was analyzed. Results: Of the 93 enrolled cases, 15 cases were lost during the follow-up because of changes of contact information, with a compliance of 83.9%. p16 Methylation was detectable in oral epithelial dysplasia lesions from 32 (41.0%) of 78 enrolled patients. Oral epithelial dysplasia–related squamous cell carcinomas were observed in 22 patients (28.2%) during the follow-up. Rate of progression to oral cancer in patients with the p16-methylated oral epithelial dysplasia was significantly higher than that with the p16-unmethylated oral epithelial dysplasia (43.8% versus 17.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.7; P = 0.013), especially for patients at the baseline age of ≥60 years (adjusted odds ratio, 12.0; P = 0.003) and patients with moderate oral epithelial dysplasia (adjusted odds ratio, 15.6; P = 0.022). The overall sensitivity and specificity of prediction of malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia by p16 methylation were 63.6% and 67.9%, respectively. Conclusion: p16 Methylation was correlated with malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia and is a potential biomarker for prediction of prognosis of mild or moderate oral epithelial dysplasia. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(16):5178–83)
Embryonic endothelial progenitor cells armed with a suicide gene target hypoxic lung metastases after intravenous delivery
Authors: Jiwu Wei, Sabine Blum, Marcus Unger, Gergely Jarmy, Mathias Lamparter, Albert Geishauser, Georgios A Vlastos, Gordon Chan, Klaus-Dieter Fischer, Dirk Rattat, Klaus-Michael Debatin, Antonis K Hatzopoulos, Christian Beltinger
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Effect of Orally Administered Prostaglandin E2 and its 15-Methyl Analogues on Gastric Secretion
Authors: S. M. M. Karim, D. C. Carter, D. Bhana, P. A. Ganesan
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The effect of orally administered prostaglandin E(2) and its synthetic 15-methyl analogues on gastric secretion in man was studied. The parent E(2) compound did not inhibit basal secretion, whereas both the 15 (S) 15-methyl-E(2) methyl ester and its isomer, 15 (R) 15-methyl-E(2) methyl ester inhibited basal acid secretion. This action is likely to be a direct one on the parietal cell, and it could prove of value in the treatment of peptic ulcer.
What's New in Transplant Immunology: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Laurence A. Turka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

In the past 40 years, transplantation has moved from an experimental form of therapy used almost exclusively for renal failure to an accepted treatment for end-stage kidney disease, heart disease, liver disease, lung disease, and diabetes mellitus. Tissue transplantation for conditions from thermal injury to Parkinson disease is being investigated. The primary barrier in transplantation medicine is the immunologic reaction of the recipient to donor organs and tissues. Currently available drugs permit excellent short-term graft survival but have not led to reliable long-term survival. Recent advances in the understanding of this immune response have suggested new approaches to induction of immunologic tolerance and reduction of late graft losses. Because of the excellent short-term success of current agents, integration of these new approaches into clinical trials is challenging and raises important questions about the design of such trials.
Charles Scott Sherrington's Integrative Action: a centenary notice
Authors: C. S Breathnach
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

One hundred years ago Charles Scott Sherrington (1857–1952), Holt professor of physiology in the University of Liverpool, chose as his subject for the Silliman Lectures for 1904 at Yale University ‘The Integrative Action of the Nervous System’; two years elapsed before they were published.1 The yearly series honoured a professional chemist, Benjamin Silliman (1779–1864), who lectured in mineralogy and geology and for his wide interest in natural history had been given an honorary MD. The lectures introduced the term integration into scientific neurology. Sherrington pointed out that reflexes had to be goal-directed, and that ‘the purpose of a reflex serves as legitimate and urgent an object for natural inquiry as the purpose of colouring of an insect or blossom’. His work and his emphasis was on spinal reflexes for he recognized that the spinal cord provides the simplest portion of the mammalian nervous system and yet displays examples of all its synaptic functions.
The Autonomous Patient: Ending Paternalism in Medicine; The Resourceful Patient
Authors: M. Baker
Journal: BMJ (2003)

![][1] 

Angela Coulter

The Nuffield Trust, £5.99, pp 121 ISBN 0 11 703056 2

Rating:![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] ![Graphic][4]    ![][5] 

The Resourceful Patient

J A Muir Gray

eRosetta Press, £14.50, pp 154 ISBN 1 904202 00 4

Available free online at http://www.resourcefulpatient.org/

Rating:![Graphic][6] ![Graphic][7] ![Graphic][8] 

I first heard of Angela Coulter as being a member of the G10 group on innovation and the provision of medicines. How did I and others working with patient organisations feel? Put out? No, more than that, if I'm honest—frankly hostile. Why was it that a chief executive of the Picker Institute Europe, an academic for God's sake, should be called on to represent the patient's perspective when there are plenty of individuals working with patient groups who could bring …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
 [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
 [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
 [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
 [5]: /embed/graphic-2.gif
 [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
 [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif
 [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif