tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Collateral Blood Flow to the Myocardium as Determined by the Clearance of Rubidium <sup>86</sup> Chloride
Authors: MATTHEW N. LEVY, ELTAS S. IMPERIAL, HARRISON ZIESKE
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The left circumflex coronary artery was li gated in anesthetized dogs, and the blood flow to the normal and ischemic regions was esti mated by means of the Rb 86 clearance tech nique. Time occlusion of this coronary artery resulted in an appreciable reduction in the Rb 86 clearance, principally in the posterior region of the left ventricle bounded by the circumflex artery, the posterior descending branch, the ramus marginis obtusi, and the apex. The diminution of clearance of this iso tope was most marked in the basal region, and imp roved progressively toward the apex. Clearances were also decreased in the basal regions just anterior and posterior to this zone. The weight of the ischemic zone, as defined by the Rb clearance technique, was approxi matelv half of that outlined in other studies by injection of dye into the distal end of the occl.uded circumflex artery. Th.is implies that the marginal zone of the territory supplied by the left circumflex coronary artery must receive a dual blood supply. Also, the Rb 86 clearance in the ischemic zone exceeds the es timates of collateral flow l)rovided by simul taneously measured ietrogracle flows. This was true despite the facts that (a) actual blood flows must exceed the measured R clear ances, since extraction is never complete, and (b) retrograde flows overestimate the true value for interarterial collateral flow. When the interarterial collateral flow is drained away by leaving the low resistance cannula system uriclamped during the isotope inf u sion, the Rb 86 clearance is not appreciably af fected in the marginal zone and is reduced by 50 to 60 per cent in the central and basal Portions of the ischemic region. rphese find ings signify that an appreciable circulation must be provided by vessels which communi cate with the capillary beds within the ische inic zone anc1, therefore, would contribute to the measured retrograde flow to only a neg ligible extent.
Regulator of G protein signaling 2 is a key modulator of airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Yan Xie, Haihong Jiang, Hoai Nguyen, Shuping Jia, Abdo Berro, Reynold A. Panettieri, Dennis W. Wolff, Peter W. Abel, Thomas B. Casale, Yaping Tu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Music of the mountains
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Armenia once stretched from the Black Sea to the Caspian, but these days it is small, high, and landlocked. Its capital, Yerevan, looks wistfully across a valley to Mount Ararat, last resting place of Noah's Ark and now part of Turkey. “But only temporarily,” they say in Yerevan's marketplace.

The country's population is three million, but with its troubled history there are more Armenians in the diaspora. Many of them are musical. …
Increased Activity on Radiocolloid Scintigraphy in Splenic Hamartoma
Authors: JUNICHl OKADA, KYOUSAN YOSHIKAWA, KIMIICHI UNO, NOBORU ARIMIZU, HIROMI GOTOU, SHINJI OGATA, YOSHIKAZU KASHIWAGI, YUUICH HASEGAWA, JUNICHl TAMARU, ATUO MIKATA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A higher uptake of radiocolloid in a splenic tumor than in the rest of the spleen was observed in a 17-year-old boy. The pathologic diagnosis of the surgically resected tumor was hamartoma composed of anomalous mixtures of splenic elements, and radiocolloid was considered to be distributed to reticuloendothelial cells in the tumor. Radiocolloid scintigraphy, which can demonstrate the function of the reticuloendothelial system, is helpful in the diagnosis of splenic hamartoma.
Long-term growth of lines of murine dinitrophenyl-specific B lymphocytes in vitro.
Authors: M Aldo-Benson, L Scheiderer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Studies of cellular events associated with antigen-induced triggering and differentiation of B cells would be greatly facilitated by the availability of homogeneous cell lines of antigen-specific lymphocytes that can be maintained in long-term culture. By combining the techniques of enrichment of lymphocytes for antigen-specific cells, cloning in soft agar, and long-term propagation of B cells we have been able to isolate, propagate, and maintain two lines of dinitrophenyl (DNP) -specific B lymphocytes. These cell lines are B lymphocytes that have 70% and greater than 80% DNP-specific rosette-forming cells, respectively. Both cell lines secrete small amounts of antibody spontaneously but can be stimulated by antigen in vitro in the presence of either supernatants from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated spleen cells or irradiated normal filler cells. Thus far these lines have been maintained in vitro for greater than 9 mo. They will be useful in studying factors associated with B cell response.
Reduced intensity conditioning regimen with fludarabine, busulfan, and low‐dose TBI (Flu‐BU2‐TBI): Clinical efficacy in high‐risk patients
Authors: Mutsumi Takahata, Satoshi Hashino, Kohei Okada, Masahiro Onozawa, Kaoru Kahata, Junichi Sugita, Akio Shigematsu, Takeshi Kondo, Satoshi Yamamoto, Tomoyuki Endo, Mitsufumi Nishio, Yoichi M. Ito, Junji Tanaka, Takao Koike, Masahiro Asaka, Masahiro Imamura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens are widely used in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). In this study, we retrospectively investigated the clinical outcomes of RIC with fludarabine (Flu; 180 mg/m(2)), intravenous busulfan (BU; 6.4 mg/kg) or oral BU (8 mg/kg), and low-dose total body irradiation (TBI; 4 Gy) (Flu-BU2-TBI) in 66 patients (median age: 54.5 years) with various hematological malignancies. Thirty-eight patients (58%) were high-risk patients (median age: 56 years). The overall survival rate at 2 years of the high-risk patients was 64.5%, which was comparable to the survival rate of 70.9% in standard-risk patients (P = 0.68). The relapse rates at 2 years in the standard-risk and high-risk patients were 16 and 28%, respectively, and day 100 treatment-related mortality rates were 0 and 6%, respectively. The Flu-BU2-TBI regimen for high-risk patients showed therapeutic effects equivalent to those for standard-risk patients and favorable outcomes compared with those of other previous RIC regimens.
Obituary Listing
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scientists grow sperm from germ cells
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

For the first time researchers have succeeded in culturing male germ cells in vitro and bringing them through meiosis to become mature sperm. The trick was achieved by culturing immature germ cells from mice with Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells are essential to support and nourish the immature germ cells, but previous attempts at coculturing germ and Sertoli cells have failed because cultured Sertoli cells rapidly degenerate and disappear.

The team of researchers, headed by Francois …
P274 Anti-synthetase Syndrome: Validity Of Ana As A Screening Tool - The Oxford Ild Service Experience
Authors: T. Nicholson, A. Woods, J. David, R. Hoyles
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) is characterised by interstitial lung disease (ILD), myositis, arthropathy, fever, Raynaud's, and mechanics hands associated with antisynthetase antibodies (including Jo-1, PL-7 and PL-12). ILD is the major determinant of mortality in ASS. ANA is commonly used to screen for autoimmune diseases. If negative, in many centres extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) are not tested. This study aims to highlight the inadequacy of this approach. <h3>Method</h3> We retrospectively examined consecutive patients in the Oxford ILD and Rheumatology services with ASS-ILD between 2009–2014. CT scans were reviewed to identify the pattern of ILD. Immunology, lung function and medication were identified from patient records. <h3>Results</h3> 24 patients were identified with ASS-ILD: age 33–78 years (mean 54); 9 male, 15 female. Disease severity was assessed by lung function at presentation: FVC 42–118% (mean 77.9%) predicted, TLco 10–99% (mean 56%) predicted. Only 1 of 24 (4.2%) were ANA positive (titre 1:80). 18 of 24 (75%) had a positive ENA screen (ELISA): 13 Jo-1; 4 Jo-1 and Ro-52; and 1 Ro. 6 (25%) patients had a negative ENA screen. 5 of these had a positive myositis blot (1 Jo-1, 3 PL-7, 1 PL-12) and 1 was negative for all 3 autoantibodies. Of 7 patients who were Jo-1 positive on ENA screen, 4 had a negative Jo-1 myositis blot. CT patterns of disease: organising pneumonia (OP; n = 7), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP; n = 7), OP/NSIP overlap (n = 9), acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP; n = 1). There was no relationship between anti-synthetase antibody and CT pattern. The identification of an ASS antibody significantly changed management in most patients; 17 were treated with (iv) cyclophosphamide and rituximab was added to 8 cases. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The identification of an anti-synthetase antibody is central to diagnosis and significantly impacts on patient management. This data demonstrates that ANA is an inadequate screening test. If ASS is clinically suspected, ENA testing should be performed despite a negative ANA result. The data also demonstrate that either an ENA screen or a myositis blot used in isolation lack the required sensitivity. These tests need to be used in combination to avoid false negative results.
SPECT Brain Imaging in Alzheimer??s Disease during Treatment with Oral Tetrahydroaminoacridine and Lecithin
Authors: MARVIN B. COHEN, L JAIME FITTEN, RALPH R. LAKE, KENT M. PERRYMAN, L STEPHEN GRAHAM, ROGER SEVRIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Quantitative SPECT brain imaging was performed in five normal subjects and in six ambulatory patients with Alzheimer's disease before the initiation of treatment with tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) and lecithin. Imaging data were acquired with a single-head SPECT camera and a high-resolution collimator after the intravenous injection of 5 mCi of (p,5n) 1–123 IMP. Uptake per pixel in 28 regions of interest in the tranverse projection of each study was normalized to uptake per pixel in the cerebellum. Perfusion in the patients with Alzheimer's disease was decreased compared with that of the subjects. Perfusion was decreased > 2 SD below the mean in the posterior parietal cortex of 5/6 patients, in the temporal cortex of 3/6 patients, and in the frontal cortex of 2/6 patients with Alzheimer's disease. SPECT imaging was repeated in the six patients after initial titration to peak therapy with oral THA (75 to 200mg per day). The same abnormalities were again seen in the same patients. No dramatic clinical or behavioral changes were observed in any of these patients. No significant change in cerebral pertusion was observed from initial treatment of Alzheimer's disease with THA and lecithin.
Adrenocortical Tumors: Recent Advances in Basic Concepts and Clinical Management
Authors: Stefan R. Bornstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Adrenocortical masses are among the most common tumors in humans. However, only a small proportion of these tumors cause endocrine diseases (such as primary hyperaldosteronism, hypercortisolism, hyperandrogenism, or hyperestrogenism), and less than 1% are malignant. In recent years, several of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in adrenal tumorigenesis have been unraveled. As a result, alterations in intercellular communication, local production of growth factors and cytokines, and aberrant expression of ectopic receptors on adrenal tumor cells have been implicated in adrenal cell growth, hyperplasia, tumor formation, and autonomous hormone production. Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities, including several chromosomal loci and the genes coding for p53, p57, and insulin-like growth factor II, have been reported in adrenal tumors. In addition, chromosomal markers have been identified in several familial syndromes associated with adrenal tumors; these include menin, which is responsible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type I, and the hybrid gene that causes glucocorticoid-remediable hyperaldosteronism. Algorithms for endocrine testing and imaging procedures are now available to codify screening for, confirmation of, and differentiation of causes of primary hyperaldosteronism and the Cushing syndrome. Improved radiologic, computerized radiologic, and magnetic resonance imaging techniques, as well as selective catheterization studies, are useful in localizing adrenal tumors and in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions and between functional and nonfunctional nodules. Finally, recent refinements in the field of minimally invasive general surgery have made laparoscopic adrenalectomy the method of choice for removing adrenal tumors; this type of surgery allows shorter hospital stays, lower morbidity rates, and faster recovery.
Single-dose, patient-initiated famciclovir: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for episodic treatment of herpes labialis
Authors: Spotswood L. Spruance, Neil Bodsworth, Harvey Resnick, Marcus Conant, Claude Oeuvray, Joseph Gao, Kamal Hamed
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Predicting Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Frederick H. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The probability of the development of coronary heart disease can now be defined with considerable accuracy. The probability of the development of clinical disease in middle-aged men with various combinations of risk factors in the upper range is somewhere between one and two chances in five within a ten-year period. When such men are compared with others in the lower ranges of these variables, their excessive risk is of the order of threefold to tenfold, depending on the selection of predisposing factors and the choice of dividing points between "positive" and "negative" test results. Determining the need for preventive measures in a given individual has, therefore, become a matter of rational and quantitative assessment rather than a decision based on an informed and intelligent guess.
The Wilms tumour gene WT1 is expressed in murine mesoderm–derived tissues and mutated in a human mesothelioma
Authors: Seon Park, Martin Schalling, Amy Bernard, Shyamala Maheswaran, Gwen C. Shipley, Drucilla Roberts, Jonathan Fletcher, Robert Shipman, James Rheinwald, George Demetri, James Griffin, Mark Minden, David E. Housman, Daniel A. Haber
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Selective Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: William A. Banks, Abba J. Kastin, Edward A. Michals
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1986Selective Transport Across the Blood-Brain BarrierWILLIAM A. BANKS, M.D., ABBA J. KASTIN, M.D., EDWARD A. MICHALSWILLIAM A. BANKS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ABBA J. KASTIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD A. MICHALSSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-3-472_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Cook and Boyle (1) have recently emphasized the issue of a differential response of the central nervous system to thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Although differential responses of tissues to thyroid hormones may occur at many levels, the hormones must first reach the target organ. In the case of the brain, this means traversing the blood-brain barrier. Triiodothyronine has been shown to be transported across the blood-brain barrier by a saturable, carrier-mediated transport system (2), but by extrapolation it has been widely assumed that thyroxine is transported by the same system. Studies of thyroid levels in the cerebrospinal fluid...References1. COOKBOYLE DP. Rapid reversal of myxedema madness with triiodothyronine [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:893-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. PARDRIDGE W. Carrier mediated transport of thyroid hormones through the rat blood brain barrier: primary role of albumin-bound hormone. Endocrinology. 1979;105:605-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CHERNOWBURMANJOHNSON BKD. T3 may be a better agent than T4 in the critically ill hypothyroid patient: evaluation of transport across the blood-brain barrier in a primate model. Crit Care Med. 1983;11:99-104. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BANKSKASTINMICHALS WAE. Transport of thyroxine across the blood-brain barrier is directed primarily from the brain to the blood in the mouse. Life Sci. 1985;37:2407-14. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BANKSKASTIN WA. A brain-to-blood transport system for small, N-tyrosinated peptides. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1984;21:943-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Tulane University Medical School New Orleans, LA 70146 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMitochondrial mechanisms in amyloid beta peptide-induced cerebrovascular degeneration 1 September 1986Volume 105, Issue 3Page: 472-472KeywordsBlood-brain barrierBrainCentral nervous systemCerebrospinal fluidExtrapolationThyroidThyroid hormonesThyroxineTriiodothyronine Issue Published: 1 September 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Treatment of seizures in babies is hampered by lack of EEG equipment
Authors: C. Wright
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Clinicians are sometimes unable to accurately diagnose neonatal seizures because of a lack of appropriate equipment, a conference in Edinburgh heard last week. 

Ronit Pressler, consultant in clinical neurophysiology at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, said that most paediatric departments diagnosed seizures clinically but required an electroencephalogram (EEG) to confirm their diagnosis. Unfortunately most district hospitals do not have access to EEG equipment on site, delegates were told.

The conference on new approaches to epilepsy was organised jointly by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and the Royal College of …
Hyperinsulinemia—How Innocent a Bystander?
Authors: Paul Z Zimmet
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Hyperinsulinemia is very much in the spotlight. Debate rages as to its significance and role in the etiology not only of NIDDM, but also other morphological and metabolic risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including upper-body obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia. Epidemiological data support a key role for hyperinsulinemia in these disorders but it is far from conclusive except for the fact that hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance may be present many years before the onset of impaired glucose tolerance and NIDDM, and clearly play a role in their etiology. The thrifty genotype hypothesis provides a plausible basis for a better understanding of how hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance could lead to glucose intolerance and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the detailed biochemical mechanisms remain elusive. A role for increased sympathetic nervous system activity, resulting from hypothalamic stimulation as a primary event causing hyperinsulinemia, cannot be excluded as a cause of hyperinsulinemia. The current focus on hyperinsulinemia also has resulted in closer examination of the therapy of diabetes and hypertension, emphasizing the need to avoid hyperinsulinemia in both IDDM and NIDDM individuals because of the putative risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and hypertension. There is still a paucity of epidemiological data to support a role for hyperinsulinemia in the etiology of hypertension. However, clinical practice already is being influenced by the fact that ACE inhibitors have been shown to reduce insulin resistance in clinical research studies. The research reviewed here, particularly that relating to hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease risk factors, has opened new vistas for the treatment and prevention of NIDDM and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Appropriate exercise clearly is associated with improved insulin sensitivity, modification of CVD risk factors, and lower prevalence of NIDDM. Upper-body obesity, the latest culprit in the field, can also be reduced by exercise. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance can be detected in children, adolescents, and young adults. NIDDM can be prevented, but clearly, intervention needs to commence in childhood, and intensive risk factor intervention in subjects with NIDDM can reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It seems paradoxical that prevention of NIDDM and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are now possible even though the biochemical and molecular basis of these disorders is not fully understood.
Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor is a potent histamine-releasing factor for basophils.
Authors: R Alam, M A Lett-Brown, P A Forsythe, D J Anderson-Walters, C Kenamore, C Kormos, J A Grant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) is a recently cloned cytokine that causes chemotaxis of basophils. In our pursuit of cytokines affecting basophil function, we studied the effect of MCAF on histamine secretion from basophils. Leukocytes from 20 donors, 10 allergic and 10 normal subjects, were studied. MCAF caused dose-dependent release of histamine at concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-7) M, and the mean release was 31.25 +/- 2.9% at the highest concentration. In the same experiments the mean histamine release by anti-IgE and histamine releasing factor (HRF) was 27.05 +/- 4% and 32.70 +/- 2.7%, respectively. All 20 subjects responded to MCAF with significant histamine release. Allergic subjects released significantly more histamine than normals in response to anti-IgE (P less than 0.01) but not to MCAF (P = 0.2) and HRF (P = 0.1). The histamine release was significantly correlated between MCAF and HRF (P less than 0.01), but not between MCAF and anti-IgE (P greater than 0.05). The histamine release by MCAF was complete within the first 3 min. MCAF-induced degranulation was a calcium-dependent process. Leukocytes depleted of monocytes responded equally well to MCAF. Using an anti-MCAF affinity column we determined that greater than 50% of HRF activity of crude PBMC supernatant could be attributed to MCAF. Thus, we established that MCAF is a potent secretagogue for basophils.