tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Signaling through CD40 rescues IgE but not IgG or IgA secretion in X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM.
Authors: O Saiki, T Tanaka, Y Wada, H Uda, A Inoue, Y Katada, M Izeki, M Iwata, H Nunoi, I Matsuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The ligand for CD40 (CD40L) is a membrane protein on activated T cells that induces B cell proliferation and differentiation. Several mutations of the CD40L gene were reported responsible for defective class switching of B cells in an X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper IgM (X-HIM). We studied four affected males from three families and found three independent mutations including new mutations of CD40L gene. In every X-HIM patient tested, however, anti-CD40 plus IL-10 did not induce class switching from IgM to IgG or IgA, even in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain (SAC). CD4+ T cell clones, expressing CD40L on their surface, also did not rescue IgG or IgA induction by X-HIM peripheral blood B cells in vitro. But signaling through CD40 induced both B cell proliferation and IgE secretion when IL-4 was added to the culture. Taken together, these results show that in vitro signaling through CD40 rescues IgE but not IgG or IgA secretion by peripheral blood X-HIM B cells and suggest that in vivo CD40 and CD40L interaction might be necessary for IgG and IgA differentiation in X-HIM.
Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Gayatri Vedantam, Andrew Clark, Michele Chu, Rebecca McQuade, Michael Mallozzi, V. K. Viswanathan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Clostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of antibiotic- and healthcare-associated diarrhea, and its containment and treatment imposes a significant financial burden, estimated to be over $3 billion in the USA alone. Since the year 2000, CDI epidemics/outbreaks have occurred in North America, Europe and Asia. These outbreaks have been variously associated with, or attributed to, the emergence of Clostridium difficile strains with increased virulence, an increase in resistance to commonly used antimicrobials such as the fluoroquinolones, or host susceptibilities, including the use of gastric acid suppressants, to name a few. Efforts to elucidate C. difficile pathogenic mechanisms have been hampered by a lack of molecular tools, manipulatable animal models, and genetic intractability of clinical C. difficile isolates. However, in the past 5 y, painstaking efforts have resulted in the unraveling of multiple C. difficile virulence-associated pathways and mechanisms. We have recently reviewed the disease, its associated risk factors, transmission and interventions (Viswanathan, Gut Microbes 2010). This article summarizes genetics, non-toxin virulence factors, and host-cell biology associated with C. difficile pathogenesis as of 2011, and highlights those findings/factors that may be of interest as future intervention targets.
Increased level of c-erbB-2/neu/HER-2 protein in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: N.U AHMED, M. UEDA, M. ICHIHASHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Overexpression of c‐erbB‐2/neu/HER‐2 oncoprotein, a receptor tyrosine kinase, has been demonstrated in a variety of human cancers. To elucidate the involvement of c‐erbB‐2 in human skin carcinogenesis, we examined expression of the protein in skin samples from five cases of keratoacanthoma (KA), 10 of actinic keratosis (AK), 24 of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 10 of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and five samples of normal epidermis, using an immunohistochemical method on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections. Expression of c‐erbB‐2 was also examined in cultured SCC cell lines, a premalignant cell line and in cultured normal keratinocytes. Normal epidermal cells showed no or very little c‐erbB‐2 protein, but the covering epidermal layer of some tumours showed a few strongly positive cells. Samples of KA and AK showed barely detectable c‐erbB‐2 protein in only a few cases. Twenty of the 24 cases of SCC had elevated expression of c‐erbB‐2 protein with a tendency to more positive cells in metastatic lesions. Five of the 10 cases of BCC stained for c‐erbB‐2 but more weakly than those of SCC, Reaction products of the positive cells were seen in the cytoplasm. All three cultured SCC cell lines stained for c‐erbB‐2 protein more strongly than the premalignant HaCaT or normal keratinocytes. Our results indicate the possible involvement of c‐erB‐2 overexpression in the malignant conversion of keratinocytes.
Selective and Quickly Reversible Inactivation of Mammalian Neurons In Vivo Using the Drosophila Allatostatin Receptor
Authors: Elaine M. Tan, Yoshiaki Yamaguchi, Gregory D. Horwitz, Simon Gosgnach, Edward S. Lein, Martyn Goulding, Thomas D. Albright, Edward M. Callaway
Journal: Neuron (2006)
359 Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) therapy reduces portal pressure and bacterial translocation in rats with experimental cirrhosis
Authors: V LORENZOZUNIGA, R BARTOLI, R PLANAS, C RODRIGUEZORTIGOSA, I CASTILLACORTAZAR, B VINADO, J QUIROGA, J PRIETO
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Administration of a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet to rats causes steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, a pathology similar to that observed in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of this study was to evaluate if a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ), could ameliorate CDAA diet-induced fatty liver and cirrhosis. Rats were fed a CDAA diet for 1 week and were given the CDAA diet for an additional week with or without PGZ (2-week model). Also, after administration of the CDAA diet for 12 weeks, rats were administered the CDAA diet for an additional 4 weeks with or without PGZ (16-week model). The CDAA diet, administered for either one or 12 weeks, induced fatty liver or cirrhosis with up-regulation of hepatic PPAR-γ expression, respectively. In the 2-week model, rats treated with PGZ for 1 week demonstrated significantly lower hepatic triglyceride content and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α. In the 16-week model, treatment for 4 weeks with PGZ ameliorated hepatic fibrosis with a decrease in the expression of procollagen, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-β1 in comparison to rats without PGZ. These results suggest that PPAR-γ agonist is a potential therapeutic modality to treat NASH.
Addressing the Burden of Diabetes in the 21st Century
Authors: Michael M. Engelgau, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Jinan B. Saaddine, Frank Vinicor
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. By the end of the 20th century, the worldwide diabetes pandemic had affected an estimated 151 million persons. Strategies to mitigate both the human and economic burden are urgently needed. Efficacious treatments are currently available but the quality of diabetes care being delivered is suboptimal in both developed and developing countries. Some progress to improve quality has been made thought national strategies. These efforts need two elements: "translation" research that will establish the methods needed to assure that clinical research findings are delivered effectively in every day practice settings; and development and implementation of quality improvement measures that will reliably track progress. New interventions that prevent diabetes among those at high risk also now hold much promise and need to be implemented. E-mail: [email protected]
SURFACE APPEARANCES OF THE ECCRINE SWEAT DUCT BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: CLIVE JOHNSON, RODNEY DAWBER, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.– Impressions of the skin surface were taken with silicone rubber and secondary positive replicas were made with Araldite. After coating with gold they were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The openings of the sweat ducts were easily seen on the palms and soles, and each of their orifices was patent. The terminal ducts have also been identified on the surface of skin on the limbs and trunk, and the appearances of these ducts is described. By oblique rotation a patent orifice was identified for each sweat duct, and by sequential cellophane tape stripping it was shown that all the sweat ducts were patent throughout their spiral course in the horny layer.
Medical Implications of the Male Biological Clock
Authors: Benjamin H. Lewis, Marianne Legato, Harry Fisch
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Changing patterns of work.
Authors: P Doyle
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> There is ongoing debate regarding the optimal first-line thrombectomy technique for large-vessel occlusion. <h3>PURPOSE:</h3> We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies on stent retriever–first and aspiration-first thrombectomy. <h3>DATA SOURCES:</h3> We searched Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE from 2009 to February 2018. <h3>STUDY SELECTION:</h3> Two reviewers independently selected the studies. The primary end point was successful reperfusion (TICI 2b/3). <h3>DATA ANALYSIS:</h3> Random-effects meta-analysis was used for analysis. <h3>DATA SYNTHESIS:</h3> Eighteen studies including 2893 patients were included. There was no significant difference in the rate of final successful reperfusion (83.9% versus 83.3%; OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.62%–1.27%) or good functional outcome (mRS 0–2) at 90 days (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.80–1.44) between the stent-retriever thrombectomy and aspiration groups. The stent-retriever thrombectomy–first group achieved a statistically significant higher TICI 2b/3 rate after the first-line device than the aspiration-first group (74.9% versus 66.4%; OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.14%–2.05%) and resulted in lower use of a rescue device (19.9% versus 32.5%; OR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14%–0.90%). The aspiration-first approach resulted in a statistically shorter groin-to-reperfusion time (weighted mean difference, 7.15 minutes; 95% CI, 1.63–12.67 minutes). There was no difference in the number of passes, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, vessel dissection or perforation, and mortality between groups. <h3>LIMITATIONS:</h3> Most of the included studies were nonrandomized. There was significant heterogeneity in some of the outcome variables. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Stent-retriever thrombectomy–first and aspiration-first thrombectomy were associated with comparable final reperfusion rates and functional outcome. Stent-retriever thrombectomy was superior in achieving reperfusion as a stand-alone first-line technique, with lower use of rescue devices but a longer groin-to-reperfusion time.
A Clinical Evaluation of Serum Ferritin as an Index of Iron Stores
Authors: David A. Lipschitz, James D. Cook, Clement A. Finch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Measurements of serum ferritin were correlated with other hematologic laboratory indexes in 250 hospitalized subjects with anemia or disorders in iron metabolism. A geometric mean value of 4 ng per milliliter was found in 32 patients with uncomplicated iron-deficiency anemia, and one of 2930 ng per milliliter in 23 with iron overload. Among subjects with anemia from causes otherthan iron deficiency, the mean serum ferritin level was increased to 180 ng per milliliter (geometric mean in normal controls, 59 ng per milliliter, with a 95 per cent confidence range of 12 to 300 ng per milliliter), presumably reflecting the transport of red-cell iron to stores. The wide range of values found was shown to be related primarily to the magnitude of body iron stores in each case as evaluated by bone-marrow hemosiderin. In addition, however, inflammation, liver disease and increased red-cell turnover were shown to elevate the serum ferritin concentration to a degree disproportionate to that of iron stores. (N...
Nonspecific serum iron in thalassemia: Quantitation and chemical reactivity
Authors: Gary Graham, George W. Bates, Eliezer A. Rachmilewitz, Chaim Hershko
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract We reported earlier an abnormal iron population in the serum of patients with transfusional hemosiderosis secondary to thalassemia. The iron is not bound to transferrin, ferritin, or hemoglobin and is referred to as nonspecific iron. This publication reports studies of the chemical reactivity and nature of the nonspecific iron and the development and validation of a method for its quantitative analysis. The quantitation depends on the mobilization of this iron from nonspecific macromolecular binding sites by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and subsequent separation from Fe 3+ ‐transferrin‐CO⅔ − and residual hemoglobin by ultrafiltration. Analyses of filtrate iron were carried out by atomic absorption and colorimetric methods. The accuracy of the test was established via an ultrafiltration titration of serum of known unsaturated iron‐binding capacity. The method proved to be accurate and highly reproducible. Sera containing artificial introduced nonspecific iron were prepared. The reactivity of artificial and thalassemic nonspecific iron was examined with regard to reduction and chelation, and chelation by apotransferrin. Artificial and thalassemic nonspecific iron were found to be virtually identical in reactivity and to exhibit multiphasic kinetics consistent with nonspecific binding to several serum protein sites. The reaction of apotransferrin with nonspecific iron was complete within one minute. The reduction‐chelation and apotransferrin reactivity studies offer independent analyses of nonspecific serum iron concentrations which compared closely with the chelation‐ultrafiltration technique.
REGIONAL LV AND RV FREE WALL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN BY SPECKLE TRACKING IS REDUCED IN PATIENTS WITH CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS: AN MRI CORRELATION STUDY
Authors: Arun Dahiya, Zoran B. Popović, M Chadi Alraise, João L. Cavalcante, L. Leonardo Rodriguez, Scott Flamm, Allan L. Klein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
18F-FDG PET/CT in Evaluation of Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastasis
Authors: Sanjay Thulkar, Madhavi Chawla, Punit Sharma, Arun Malhotra, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Image-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive therapy option in the treatment of primary and secondary hepatic malignancies, which are not suitable for surgery/chemotherapy, and more recently, for tumors with limited hepatic involvement and solitary liver metastasis. Accurate assessment of treatment response after RFA remains a concern. Conventional imaging modalities have limitations of differentiation between residual/recurrence from post-RFA changes. We illustrate images of 3 patients in whom (18)F-FDG PET/CT was used for response assessment and restaging after RFA in liver tumors.
Mohammed Awadallah Salih
Authors: B. Hamad
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, professor of medical education (b 1937; q Khartoum 1961; MRCOG, MHPE), died from from cardiac and respiratory failure resulting from septicaemia of unknown origin on 10 October 2013.

Mohammed Awadallah Salih was a Sudanese (lately American) national, who received his pre-university education in various parts of Sudan, culminating in a grade one Cambridge School Certificate from Hantoub Secondary School, near Medani town. He joined the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum and, after qualifying, entered medical practice as a general duty doctor in the country after the internship period. His contribution to the healthcare delivery system in that capacity has been exemplary; Sudan was, and is up to this minute, in dire need of healthcare staff of all kinds in the peripheral areas, and Salih never in his whole life declined any posting in a area stricken by hardship. …
Social deficits in IRSp53 mutant mice improved by NMDAR and mGluR5 suppression
Authors: Woosuk Chung, Su Yeon Choi, Eunee Lee, Haram Park, Jaeseung Kang, Hanwool Park, Yeonsoo Choi, Dongsoo Lee, Sae-Geun Park, Ryunhee Kim, Yi Sul Cho, Jeonghoon Choi, Myoung-Hwan Kim, Jong Won Lee, Seungjoon Lee, Issac Rhim, Min Whan Jung, Daesoo Kim, Yong Chul Bae, Eunjoon Kim
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
Time to Initial Clinician-Reported Inactivation of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated Primarily with Ranibizumab
Authors: Mark C. Gillies, Anna Campain, Richard Walton, Judy M. Simpson, Jennifer J. Arnold, Robyn H. Guymer, Ian L. McAllister, Alex P. Hunyor, Rohan W. Essex, Nigel Morlet, Daniel Barthelmes, Mark C. Gillies, Anna E. Campain, Richard Walton, Judy M. Simpson, Jennifer J. Arnold, Robyn H. Guymer, Ian L. McAllister, Alex P. Hunyor, Rohan W. Essex, Nigel Morlet, Daniel Barthelmes
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
ABC of 1 to 7. 1 services for children: accident and emergency departments and inpatients.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Accident and emergency departmentsAccidents and emergencies in children are usually managed in the main department, where about three-quarters of the patients are adults and where few of the nursing and medical staff have any postgraduate paediatric training.In most hospitals a member of the paediatric team is on call to give a second opinion to the accident and emergency officer.Equipment of appropriate size for varying ages can only easily be available if a resuscitation room is equipped specifically for children.A separate waiting room, consulting room, and drug cupboard may also reduce many of the disadvantages of children being seen in a mainly adult department.In many inner city areas the accident and emergency department provides a great deal of primary care, particularly at evenings and weekends.If the paediatric senior house officer on call spends most of his time giving primary care he may find it difficult to fulfil his other commitments, which may include resuscitation of the newborn, management of infants on ventilators, and care of severely ill children. Admission to hospitalAlthough it has long been DHSS policy that children should be admitted only to children's wards, this has not been implemented in many hospitals, partly because of the persistence of specialised units for ear, nose, and throat surgery and ophthalmology, where children and adults are nursed in the same ward.Children need nurses and ancillary staff attuned to their needs to prevent unnecessary distress.Although the admission of a mother with the child may reduce this trauma some mothers are daunted by the unwelcoming attitudes of staff and primitive accommodation.
Diagnosis and Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: H. EARL GORDON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

An aggressive diagnostic approach is advocated for the patient with gastrointestinal bleeding in order to provide a rational basis for therapy. Since routine barium studies may be negative in many of these patients, endoscopy and angiography are important adjunctive procedures. The indications, limitations, and value of these diagnostic aids are presented. Some of the rarer causes of bleeding are reviewed, with particular emphasis on acquired vascular lesions and patients in whom mucocutaneous disorders may be associated with bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract. One of the most difficult problems in management is presented by the patient with acute erosive gastritis. Current concepts in the pathophysiology of this process are discussed in relation to therapy. When surgical intervention is required in this condition, a vagotomy and pyloroplasty are favored over ablative procedures.
Intranigral Lentiviral Delivery of Dominant-negative TNF Attenuates Neurodegeneration and Behavioral Deficits in Hemiparkinsonian rats
Authors: Melissa K McCoy, Kelly A Ruhn, Terina N Martinez, Fiona E McAlpine, Armin Blesch, Malú G Tansey
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Neuroinflammatory processes have been implicated in the progressive loss of ventral midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons that give rise to Parkinson's disease (PD), a late-onset movement disorder that affects 2% of the population over the age of 70 years. We have shown earlier, in two rat models of PD, that inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) through nigral infusion of dominant-negative (DN-TNF) protein (XENP345) attenuates DA neuron loss. The objectives of this study were to develop a constitutive lentiviral vector encoding dominate-negative TNF, and to determine whether a gene therapy approach to deliver DN-TNF directly into the rodent substantia nigra could prevent or attenuate neurotoxin-induced DA neuron loss and associated behavioral deficits. Here we demonstrate that a single injection of lentivirus-expressing DN-TNF into rat substantia nigra, administered concomitant with a striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion, results in sufficiently high expression of inhibitor in vivo to attenuate both DA neuron loss and behavioral deficits resulting from striatal dopamine depletion. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of dominant-negative TNF gene transfer as a novel neuroprotective strategy to prevent or delay nigrostriatal pathway degeneration. This strategy holds the potential for therapeutic application in the treatment of PD. Neuroinflammatory processes have been implicated in the progressive loss of ventral midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons that give rise to Parkinson's disease (PD), a late-onset movement disorder that affects 2% of the population over the age of 70 years. We have shown earlier, in two rat models of PD, that inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) through nigral infusion of dominant-negative (DN-TNF) protein (XENP345) attenuates DA neuron loss. The objectives of this study were to develop a constitutive lentiviral vector encoding dominate-negative TNF, and to determine whether a gene therapy approach to deliver DN-TNF directly into the rodent substantia nigra could prevent or attenuate neurotoxin-induced DA neuron loss and associated behavioral deficits. Here we demonstrate that a single injection of lentivirus-expressing DN-TNF into rat substantia nigra, administered concomitant with a striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion, results in sufficiently high expression of inhibitor in vivo to attenuate both DA neuron loss and behavioral deficits resulting from striatal dopamine depletion. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of dominant-negative TNF gene transfer as a novel neuroprotective strategy to prevent or delay nigrostriatal pathway degeneration. This strategy holds the potential for therapeutic application in the treatment of PD.
Hepatitis C virus antibody and hepatitis C virus replication in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Kazuyoshi Ohkawa, Norio Hayashi, Nobukazu Yuki, Hideki Hagiwara, Michio Kato, Keiji Yamamoto, Hiroshi Eguchi, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Manabu Masuzawa, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)