tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Disease in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Cohort: A Review of Published Findings
Authors: Lisa Diller, Eric J. Chow, James G. Gurney, Melissa M. Hudson, Nina S. Kadan-Lottick, Toana I. Kawashima, Wendy M. Leisenring, Lillian R. Meacham, Ann C. Mertens, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Roger J. Packer, Leslie L. Robison, Charles A. Sklar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Article Tools REVIEW ARTICLES Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES Erratum. November 05, 2021 ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.1953 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print April 13, 2009 PMID: 19364955 Chronic Disease in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Cohort: A Review of Published Findings Lisa DillerxLisa DillerSearch for articles by this author , Eric J. ChowxEric J. ChowSearch for articles by this author , James G. GurneyxJames G. GurneySearch for articles by this author , Melissa M. HudsonxMelissa M. HudsonSearch for articles by this author , Nina S. Kadan-LottickxNina S. Kadan-LottickSearch for articles by this author , Toana I. KawashimaxToana I. KawashimaSearch for articles by this author , Wendy M. LeisenringxWendy M. LeisenringSearch for articles by this author , Lillian R. MeachamxLillian R. MeachamSearch for articles by this author , Ann C. MertensxAnn C. MertensSearch for articles by this author , Daniel A. MulrooneyxDaniel A. MulrooneySearch for articles by this author , Kevin C. OeffingerxKevin C. OeffingerSearch for articles by this author , Roger J. PackerxRoger J. PackerSearch for articles by this author , Leslie L. RobisonxLeslie L. RobisonSearch for articles by this author , Charles A. SklarxCharles A. SklarSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington; Departments of Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Departments of Oncology, Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and the Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.21.1953 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables Supplements © 2009 by American Society of Clinical Oncology Errata Erratum
UN conference on climate change will test countries' commitment to public health
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The drug industry is "burying its head in the sand" when dealing with health in developing countries and denying poorer people access to life saving drugs, a report claims this week.A critical report by the international agency Oxfam says that the drug industry is refusing to change the way it does business in poor countries, despite promising that it would, and is undermining its own future.Oxfam's report looks at the world's top 12 drug companies, including their drug pricing policies, their record in developing drugs that are relevant to health care in poor countries, and their stance on protecting intellectual property rights.The report says that the industry shows various shortcomings, including:• Failure to implement a systematic and transparent tiered pricing policy that is based on people's ability to pay • Continuing to neglect research and development concerning diseases that affect developing countries, and • Inflexibility in protecting intellectual property, which includes challenging poor countries in court to stop them using legal safeguards to protect public health.Oxfam interviewed 12 companies in preparing the report: Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Wyeth
Cardiac endothelin and big endothelin in right-heart hypertrophy due to monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rat
Authors: F Brunner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Recent observations suggest the existence of a myocardial endothelin (ET) system and its possible involvement in left-ventricular myocardial hypertrophy and failure. However, nothing is known about the role of myocardial ET in right-ventricular hypertrophy.Rats (80-100 g) were given an intraperitoneal injection of saline (controls) or monocrotaline (50 mg/kg) resulting in pulmonary hypertension-induced myocardial hypertrophy (n = 11 in both groups). After 10 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and hearts perfused in vitro to determine levels of big ET-1 and ET-1 in coronary effluent, interstitial fluid and ventricular tissue homogenates; plasma levels were also determined.In monocrotaline-treated animals, weights of right ventricles were 1.5 and of right atria 1.8-fold higher than in controls (p < 0.05), indicating substantial right-ventricular hypertrophy as also evident from greatly increased myocardial production of atrial natriuretic peptide. Left-ventricular weights were not different. Release of big ET-1 in coronary effluent, and of ET-1 in coronary effluent and interstitial transudate were similar in control and hypertrophic hearts (p > 0.05). Disruption of endothelium with collagenase reduced release of both peptides close to zero, indicating endothelial (not myocardial) origin of the peptides. Levels of big ET-1 and ET-1 were similar in left ventricles of both experimental groups, but lower in right ventricles of hypertrophic than control hearts (p < 0.05), reflecting increased tissue mass rather than reduced peptide production. On the other hand, plasma levels of both peptides and of ANP were twofold and levels of angiotensin II 1.3-fold higher in rats with right-heart hypertrophy than in controls (p < 0.05 in each case).These data do not support a role for local cardiac ET-1 and/or big ET-1 in right-ventricular hypertrophy, but point to blood-borne endothelins as possible mediators.
The Indian Medical Service
Authors: An Agency Physician
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor::</h3> —In your editorial "Health of the American Indian" (March 15, 1913, p. 832), you state that "the Indian medical service... is totally unable in its present status to cope with existing conditions successfully." It may interest you to know what is the present status of the individual physician. He is directly subject to the superintendent, a layman who may or may not agree with his recommendations concerning sanitary measures. It is the superintendant who renders the department a report on the physician's "efficiency." The physician in the Indian service is a "health officer" who in most instances is not furnished with a microscope, stains, etc., unless he wishes to purchase them out of his meager salary. He must be careful not to request any favored employees to do anything that is distasteful to them. Maybe he did not come from the "best class of candidates;" but let
Incidence of childhood fractures in affluent and deprived areas: population based study
Authors: R. A Lyons
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Substantial evidence exists that poorer children in England, Scotland, and Wales and have considerably higher rates of deaths from injury than their more affluent counterparts. 1 2With the exception of specific groups, such as pedestrian injuries and poisoning, however, the socioeconomic profile on non-fatal injuries is less clear cut. 3 The English, Scottish, and Welsh health departments have set targets for a decrease in the assumed variation in incidence between affluent and deprived children in the absence of baseline data.In a population based incidence study we tested the hypothesis that fracture rates are similar among children from affluent and deprived areas.
Understanding Psychotherapy: The Science, Behind the Art
Authors: Howard A. Winkler
Journal: JAMA (1989)

It is a pleasure reviewing<i>Understanding Psychotherapy</i>by Michael Franz Basch for several reasons, but perhaps the most important one is that it lives up to its title both from a technical and a pragmatic standpoint. The book, consisting of 10 chapters and a brief epilogue, begins with the goal of psychotherapy, which to the author is the concept of the self-image and the search for competence. It continues through the developmental spiral in which the author weaves the traditional Freudian psychoanalytic thinking into a network containing some of his own ideas and descriptions. Once having established this framework, Dr Basch continues with a series of excellent case vignettes, running the gamut from nonpsychotic diagnostic categories, such as dysthymic reaction, to an almost classical psychoneurosis, now subsumed under anxiety disorders in the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised</i>. What I find particularly useful is the method
Viral infections in renal allograft recipients treated with long-term immunosuppression.
Authors: E S Spencer, H K Andersen
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Thirty-nine renal allograft recipients who had received continuous immunosuppression for six to 13 years were examined clinically and virologically for evidence of past or present viral infection. Twenty-five had common warts, usually on the hands. In most the warts had appeared about one year after transplantation; once present, they never disappeared. Six patients had had a zoster rash from two months to four years after transplantation. None had had jaundice, and there was no change in the frequency of colds or non-specific fibrile illness. Four patients had no cytomegalovirus complement-fixing antibodies throughout the observation period; in the other 35 the antibody titre had risen appreciably during the first three to four months after transplantation. Antibody titres were high (mean 64) at follow-up, being only slightly lower than the highest titres achieved during the immediate postoperative period. None of the patients had had symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection, and in only two was the virus isolated from the urine at follow-up; the titres were extremely low. No changes occurred in the frequency of herpes simplex eruptions. Although all patients had herpes simplex humoral antibody, none excreted the virus. Although cytomegalovirus antibody titres were high, virus excretion was rare, indicating that chronic cytomegalovirus infection in these patients is immunologically well controlled.
Relationship between bacterial colonisation and the frequency, character, and severity of COPD exacerbations
Authors: I S Patel
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to frequent exacerbations which are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Stable COPD patients often have lower airway bacterial colonisation which may be an important stimulus to airway inflammation and thereby modulate exacerbation frequency.Twenty nine patients with COPD (21 men, 16 current smokers) of mean (SD) age 65.9 (7.84) years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) 1.06 (0.41) l, FEV(1) % predicted 38.7 (15.2)%, FEV(1)/FVC 43.7 (14.1)%, inhaled steroid dosage 1.20 (0.66) mg/day completed daily diary cards for symptoms and peak flow over 18 months. Exacerbation frequency rates were determined from diary card data. Induced sputum was obtained from patients in the stable state, quantitative bacterial culture was performed, and cytokine levels were measured.Fifteen of the 29 patients (51.7%) were colonised by a possible pathogen: Haemophilus influenzae (53.3%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (33.3%), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (20%), Branhamella catarrhalis (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%). The presence of lower airway bacterial colonisation in the stable state was related to exacerbation frequency (p=0.023). Patients colonised by H influenzae in the stable state reported more symptoms and increased sputum purulence at exacerbation than those not colonised. The median (IQR) symptom count at exacerbation in those colonised by H influenzae was 2.00 (2.00-2.65) compared with 2.00 (1.00-2.00) in those not colonised (p=0.03). The occurrence of increased sputum purulence at exacerbation per patient was 0.92 (0.56-1.00) in those colonised with H influenzae and 0.33 (0.00-0.60) in those not colonised (p=0.02). Sputum interleukin (IL)-8 levels correlated with the total bacterial count (rho=0.459, p=0.02).Lower airway bacterial colonisation in the stable state modulates the character and frequency of COPD exacerbations.
Disabilities, Quality of Life, and Mental Disorders Associated With Smoking and Nicotine Dependence
Authors: Norbert Schmitz, Johannes Kruse, Joachim Kugler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Epidemiological studies have reported an association between smoking and mental disorders. However, little is known about the impairment associated with nicotine dependence.The authors assessed health-related quality of life, disability, and psychiatric comorbidity in adults with and without nicotine dependence. The analysis was based on data from 3,293 respondents, ages 18 to 65, from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey, a nationally representative multistage probability survey conducted from 1997 to 1999. The authors assessed rates of smoking and health-related quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey) by questionnaires. Nicotine dependence and other mental disorders were assessed with a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.The population prevalence of current smoking was 36.2% and the 1-year prevalence of nicotine dependence was 9.4%. Nicotine-dependent smokers reported a poorer quality of life than the subjects without nicotine dependence. These relationships were stable after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. More than half of the subjects with nicotine dependence fulfilled criteria for at least one other mental disorder. Subjects suffering from nicotine dependence reported greater disability in the last month and in the last year.Smokers with nicotine dependence should be distinguished from other smokers in evaluations of the health status of populations.
Are you safe for your patients – how many ERCPs should you be doing?
Authors: N. Guda, M. Freeman
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved into a highly therapeutic procedure over the past three decades. The procedure has gone through various stages of development and refinement. The procedure, and hence the supporting literature, have evolved from the initial phases of technical know-how to understanding the risks and complications and the strategies for their reduction, and finally the outcomes. The ultimate goal is to do a procedure that is therapeutically effective with the least complications.
Medical Student-Faculty Ratios-Reply
Authors: Susan T. Carver
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Harnes is completely correct in his criticism that the wrong inference was drawn from the data cited. The intention was to refer to the total teaching responsibilities of medical school faculties (Appendix II, Table 3 in 1978; Appendix I, Table 3 in 1977), appending the percentage of change in the numbers of students from the years 1976 to 1977, and 1977 to 1978 (Table). In the Table, "other" students includes those studying dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, medical and radiological technology, as well as nurse practitioners and physician-surgeon assistants. The practice of drawing on medical school faculties and facilities for the education of students of other health science schools is more economical and can provide more educators than were each school to recruit and fund a totally separate faculty. Thus, the cost of educating a medical student, if one calculates this on the basis of Dr Harnes' letter, includes
Differential Effects of Green Tea–Derived Catechin on Developing Versus Established Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice
Authors: Kuang-Yuh Chyu, Stephanie M. Babbidge, Xiaoning Zhao, Ram Dandillaya, Anton G. Rietveld, Juliana Yano, Paul Dimayuga, Bojan Cercek, Prediman K. Shah
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Oxidative stress has been implicated in vascular injury and atherogenesis, and antioxidant treatment has shown favorable results in preclinical studies. Despite this, antioxidant therapy has failed to show benefit in clinical trials. Failure of antioxidants in clinical trials may be partly because such therapy is started after atherosclerosis is already well established, whereas the benefits in animal models may be results from early initiation of antioxidants while atherosclerosis is still evolving.To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main antioxidant derived from green tea, on evolving and established atherosclerotic lesions in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-null mice. Established native aortic atherosclerotic lesions and evolving atherosclerotic lesions produced by periadventitial cuff injury to carotid arteries were assessed in mice after 21 and 42 days of treatment with daily intraperitoneal injections of EGCG (10 mg/kg) or PBS. EGCG treatment resulted in an increase in the antioxidant capacity in local vascular tissue and systemic circulation and reduced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and redox-sensitive gene activation in vitro. EGCG reduced cuff-induced evolving atherosclerotic plaque size at 21 and 42 days by 55% and 73%, respectively, compared with PBS treatment (P<0.05). Conversely, EGCG had no effect on established lesions in the aortic sinuses or the rest of the aorta.Our data suggest that antioxidant EGCG differentially reduces evolving atherosclerotic lesions without influencing established atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E-null mice.
We got rhythm
Authors: R. Harding
Journal: BMJ (1988)

innovations, which they regarded as new? fangled whims. In 1856 he became a citizen of Inverness, and 10 years later he was made provost, an office which he held for six years. For the general reader his Ufe brings to notice a Highland gentleman of the last century, with strong views, sometimes idiosyncratic ally expressed, on farming, travel, and the highland Sabbath, on which at that time a sermon of some duration in Gaelic was but
PDGF-BB secreted by preosteoclasts induces angiogenesis during coupling with osteogenesis
Authors: Hui Xie, Zhuang Cui, Long Wang, Zhuying Xia, Yin Hu, Lingling Xian, Changjun Li, Liang Xie, Janet Crane, Mei Wan, Gehua Zhen, Qin Bian, Bin Yu, Weizhong Chang, Tao Qiu, Maureen Pickarski, Le Thi Duong, Jolene J Windle, Xianghang Luo, Eryuan Liao, Xu Cao
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
A REPORT ON ELECTRIC CONVULSIVE TREATMENT OF 102 LONG-TERM SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: ANDREW FERGUS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

1. One hundred and two long-term schizophrenics were treated with ECT during a period of 15 months. 2. Eight were released from the hospital; 8 are expected to be released; 35 showed marked improvement; 20 showed improvement in attitude and behavior; and 31 are considered unimproved. 3. ECT is considered a useful method in long-term schizophrenics, provided it is given in sufficient amount for a long enough period of time. Although the percentage of those discharged from the hospital is small, a large percentage of these patients have become much better adjusted to hospital life. An important result is marked improvement in the morale of patients and personnel. 4. Long duration of illness should not be a reason for denying ECT to schizophrenic patients, nor should the diagnostic subtype be considered a contraindication to treatment. 5. The possible value of maintenance treatment is pointed out by the fact that 66 of the 102 patients are continuing on maintenance treatment successfully to date. Further investigation is necessary to come to a definite conclusion as to its value.
Transient Amino-aciduria in Severe Potassium Depletion
Authors: L. A. G. Davidson, C. T. G. Flear, K. W. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Eaton, M. D. (1950). In Handbuch der Virusforschung II, edited by R. Doerr and C. Hallauer. Erg?nzungsband, pp. 87-140. Springer, Vienna. Meiklejohn, G., and van Herick, W. (1944). J. exp. Med., 79, 649. -and Corey, M. (1945). Ibid., 82, 317. Enders, J. F., and Habel, K. (1956). Diagnostic Procedures for Virus and Rickettsial Diseases, 2nd ed., pp. 281-312. American Public Health Association, New York. Feller, A. E. (1948). Ibid., 1st ed.r pp. 125-138. Garrow, D. H. (1958). Brit. med. J., 2, 206. Hilleman M. R., and Werner, J. H. (1953). J. Immunol, 71, 110. Johnson, R. T., Cook, M. K., Chanock, R. M., and Buescher, E. L. (1960). New Engl. J. Med. In press. Liu, C. (1957). J. exp. Med., 106, 455. Eaton, M. D., and Heyl, J. T. (1959). Ibid., 109, 545. Marshall, J. D., Eveland, W. C, and Smith, C. W. (1958). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.), 98, 898. Meyer, K. F., and Eddie, B. (1956). Diagnostic Procedures for Virus and Rickettsial Diseases, 2nd ed., pp. 399-430. Ameri can Public Health Association, New York. Rake, G. (1956). Ibid., 2nd ed., pp. 453-466. Reichelderfer, T. E., Chanock, R. M., Craighead, J. E., Huebner, R. J., Turner, H. C, James, W., and Ward, T. G. (1958). Science, 128, 779. Rowe, W. P., Huebner, R. J., Hartley, J. W., Ward, T. G., and Parrott, R. H. (1955). Amer. J. Hyg., 61, 197. Smadel, J. E. (1956). Diagnostic Procedures for Virus and Rickettsial Diseases, 2nd ed., pp. 513-552. American Public Health Association, New York. Vogel, J., and Shelokov, A. (1957). Science, 126, 358. Ward, T. G., Huebner, R. J., Rowe, W. P., Ryan, R. W., and Bell, J. A. (1955). Ibid., 122, 1086. Weller, T. H., and Coons, A. H. (1954). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.), 86, 789.
Mortality Related to Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Among Critically Ill Patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000-2012
Authors: Kirsi-Maija Kaukonen, Michael Bailey, Satoshi Suzuki, David Pilcher, Rinaldo Bellomo
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Severe sepsis and septic shock are major causes of mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. It is unknown whether progress has been made in decreasing their mortality rate.To describe changes in mortality for severe sepsis with and without shock in ICU patients.Retrospective, observational study from 2000 to 2012 including 101,064 patients with severe sepsis from 171 ICUs with various patient case mix in Australia and New Zealand.Hospital outcome (mortality and discharge to home, to other hospital, or to rehabilitation).Absolute mortality in severe sepsis decreased from 35.0% (95% CI, 33.2%-36.8%; 949/2708) to 18.4% (95% CI, 17.8%-19.0%; 2300/12,512; P < .001), representing an overall decrease of 16.7% (95% CI, 14.8%-18.6%), an annual rate of absolute decrease of 1.3%, and a relative risk reduction of 47.5% (95% CI, 44.1%-50.8%). After adjusted analysis, mortality decreased throughout the study period with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.46-0.52) in 2012, using the year 2000 as the reference (P < .001). The annual decline in mortality did not differ significantly between patients with severe sepsis and those with all other diagnoses (OR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.94-0.95] vs 0.94 [95% CI, 0.94-0.94]; P = .37). The annual increase in rates of discharge to home was significantly greater in patients with severe sepsis compared with all other diagnoses (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02-1.03] vs 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.01]; P < .001). Conversely, the annual increase in the rate of patients discharged to rehabilitation facilities was significantly less in severe sepsis compared with all other diagnoses (OR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.07-1.09] vs 1.09 [95% CI, 1.09-1.10]; P < .001). In the absence of comorbidities and older age, mortality was less than 5%.In critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand with severe sepsis with and without shock, there was a decrease in mortality from 2000 to 2012. These findings were accompanied by changes in the patterns of discharge to home, rehabilitation, and other hospitals.