tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In-Hospital Complications Associated With Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in the United States Between 2000 and 2010
Authors: Abhishek Deshmukh, Nileshkumar J. Patel, Sadip Pant, Neeraj Shah, Ankit Chothani, Kathan Mehta, Peeyush Grover, Vikas Singh, Srikanth Vallurupalli, Ghanshyambhai T. Savani, Apurva Badheka, Tushar Tuliani, Kaustubh Dabhadkar, George Dibu, Y. Madhu Reddy, Asif Sewani, Marcin Kowalski, Raul Mitrani, Hakan Paydak, Juan F. Viles-Gonzalez
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Atrial fibrillation ablation has made tremendous progress with respect to innovation, efficacy, and safety. However, limited data exist regarding the burden and trends in adverse outcomes arising from this procedure. The aim of our study was to examine the frequency of adverse events attributable to atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and the influence of operator and hospital volume on outcomes.With the use of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified AF patients treated with catheter ablation. We investigated common complications including cardiac perforation and tamponade, pneumothorax, stroke, transient ischemic attack, vascular access complications (hemorrhage/hematoma, vascular complications requiring surgical repair, and accidental arterial puncture), and in-hospital death described with AF ablation, and we defined these complications by using validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. An estimated 93,801 AF ablations were performed from 2000 to 2010. The overall frequency of complications was 6.29% with combined cardiac complications (2.54%) being the most frequent. Cardiac complications were followed by vascular complications (1.53%), respiratory complications (1.3%), and neurological complications (1.02%). The in-hospital mortality was 0.46%. Annual operator (<25 procedures) and hospital volume (<50 procedures) were significantly associated with adverse outcomes. There was a small (nonsignificant) rise in overall complication rates.The overall complication rate was 6.29% in patients undergoing AF ablation. There was a significant association between operator and hospital volume and adverse outcomes. This suggests a need for future research into identifying the safety measures in AF ablations and instituting appropriate interventions to improve overall AF ablation outcomes.
Evaluation and Management of Patients After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shock
Authors: Anil K. Gehi, Davendra Mehta, J. Anthony Gomes
Journal: JAMA (2006)

There has been a tremendous increase in the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) after several large clinical trials demonstrated their ability to effectively reduce mortality in selected populations of patients with cardiac disease. Thus, the nonelectrophysiologist will often encounter patients who have received an ICD shock.To assess options for the evaluation and management of patients who have received an ICD shock.Literature search using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases to identify articles published from January 1990 to September 2006, using the Medical Subject Headings defibrillators, implantable; defibrillators, implantable/adverse effects; anti-arrhythmic agents; electric countershock; quality of life; tachycardia therapy; algorithm; ventricular tachycardia/diagnosis; and supraventricular tachycardia/diagnosis. Case reports were excluded and articles were limited to those published in English. Scientific statements and guidelines from the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the Heart Rhythm Society were also reviewed, as were the reference lists of retrieved articles, to identify any additional articles for inclusion.There are multiple causes of both appropriate and inappropriate ICD shocks. Irrespective of appropriateness, receiving ICD shocks substantially impairs a patient's quality of life. A variety of techniques are available using ICD programming to reliably limit the occurrence of appropriate or inappropriate ICD shocks. Antiarrhythmic medications can also effectively reduce the occurrence of shocks.Through the use of effective ICD programming and antiarrhythmic medications, the occurrence of ICD shocks can be reduced while maintaining the lifesaving ability of the ICD. A basic understanding of the range of available options is fundamental for evaluation and management of the patient who has received an ICD shock.
Simple Kidney-storage Technique
Authors: W. J. Dempster, S. L. Kountz, M. Jovanovic
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Several years ago we did not seriously consider removing kidneys from healthy living people and transplanting them to uraemic patients. The obvious plan was to store kidneys for subsequent transplantation. The problems involved in storage were not underestimated. It was pointed out :  If the immunological problems and other problems involved in procuring a normal functioning organ were solved our difficulties would be by no means over. There would still remain the problem of storage of organs. This presents many difficulties. While there is no difficulty in preserving skin and blood-vessels in the frozen state, other organs, such as kidney, would require more delicate handling. It is possible that an organ-perfusion apparatus may turn out to be the only safe method of preserving delicate organs ready for homotransplantation at any given  (Dempster, 1951). However, the results of transplanting cadaveric kidneys were disappointing because of a high rate of immediate anuria or oliguria, although occasionally function was resumed several days later (Hume et al., 1955). The pioneering effort of Oeconomos et al. (1953), using a fresh kidney, impressed us and influenced our attitude to the donor problem for several years. A scientific contraindication, we think, to continuing with live donors at this juncture is the high incidence of a curious complication of obliterative and other vascular lesions involving kidneys some time after homotransplantation and leading inevitably to anuria and death of the patient. A blood-perfusion machine presents many difficulties, and unless oxygenated blood is used perfusion can be definitely harmful because the perfused organ becomes oedematous (Nizet and Cuypers, 1962). Even when oxygenated blood is used vasoconstrictor substances are liberated and damage to the isolated kidney consistently develops after a period of about three hours. Perfusion of the whole cadaver would overcome many problems involving vasoconstrictor substances. There would appear to be better prospects for this method of perfusion than for perfusing the isolated kidney. However, both methods involve teams of workers who must be prepared at any moment to go into action. This may not be practicable in some hospitals and hence our attempt to reassess cooling. Simple methods, such as storage in a refrigerator at 4? C, have often been employed, but the results have been inconsistent (Kiser et al., 1961). Several years ago we were unable to confirm the results of Lefebvre (1951), who used refrigerator storage. Lefebvre and Nizet (1952) reported and illustrated very well the total medullary damage which we found consistently and which they encountered in some of their experiments (see Fig.). Lapchinsky (1960) reported that autotransplanted kidneys can be perfused in a blood-flow circuit within a refrigerator. However, his technique was not successful for homotransplanted kidneys, which is our main concern at the moment.
The folate receptor works in tandem with a probenecid-sensitive carrier in MA104 cells in vitro.
Authors: B A Kamen, A K Smith, R G Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Previous studies have defined a novel route of internalization for the essential vitamin 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in MA104 cells that begins with binding of the vitamin to the membrane receptor for folate. One of the critical steps in the pathway is the passage of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate through the membrane into the cytoplasm. Utilizing both probenecid and low temperature as selective inhibitors, we have successfully blocked transmembrane movement of the vitamin into the cytoplasm without affecting binding to the receptor or the internalization of the vitamin-receptor complex, which suggests that passage is through an anion carrier. This anion carrier, which mediates inward movement of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate after it dissociates from the receptor, also appears to mediate the efflux of folylmonoglutamate, but not folylpolyglutamate, when the concentration of the former in the cytoplasm is sufficiently high. Since we also found that the synthesis of folylpolyglutamates is regulated in these cells, most likely the intracellular concentration of the vitamin is controlled by regulating the flux of folylmonoglutamate through this carrier.
Merkel cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, basal cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma: multiple association in a patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia
Authors: F. Cottoni, M.A. Montesu, A. Lissia, F. Dore, A.M. Posadino, A. Farris, A. Cossu, D. Cerimele
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Sir, The development of multiple primary malignant neoplasms in the same individual has aroused interest due to the hope of discovering factors that may play a role in inducing the neoplastic process. Associations between leukaemia and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and between leukaemia and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) have been noted and would appear to be more than coincidental.1, 2 A 71‐year‐old man presented in March 2000 for evaluation of an enlarged nodule (∼ 0·5 × 0·7 cm diameter) on the left forearm. Examination showed hepatosplenomegaly and enlarged regional lymph nodes. Chest X‐ray showed an enlargement of the mediastinum. The lesion was excised and microscopic examination revealed a circumscribed but not encapsulated dermal and subcutaneous nodule composed of round to oval monomorphous cells with scanty cytoplasm. The nuclei were large and vesicular, with fine granular chromatin and multiple nucleoli. There were numerous mitotic elements, including atypical ones, and unicellular necrosis (Fig. 1a). Immunohistochemical staining for low molecular weight keratin, chromogranin and synaptophysin was positive, and CD45RO, CD20, CD5 and CD23 were negative. A diagnosis of MCC was made.
A Maximum Likelihood Method for Detecting Directional Evolution in Protein Sequences and Its Application to Influenza A Virus
Authors: S. L. Kosakovsky Pond, A. F.Y. Poon, A. J. Leigh Brown, S. D.W. Frost
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

We develop a model-based phylogenetic maximum likelihood test for evidence of preferential substitution toward a given residue at individual positions of a protein alignment--directional evolution of protein sequences (DEPS). DEPS can identify both the target residue and sites evolving toward it, help detect selective sweeps and frequency-dependent selection--scenarios that confound most existing tests for selection, and achieve good power and accuracy on simulated data. We applied DEPS to alignments representing different genomic regions of influenza A virus (IAV), sampled from avian hosts (H5N1 serotype) and human hosts (H3N2 serotype), and identified multiple directionally evolving sites in 5/8 genomic segments of H5N1 and H3N2 IAV. We propose a simple descriptive classification of directionally evolving sites into 5 groups based on the temporal distribution of residue frequencies and document known functional correlates, such as immune escape or host adaptation.
A Current Look at the Rationale of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE INSTITUTE of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) was born 18 years ago. Now that the organization is of sufficient importance to command the attention of all physicians, it merits a look at its history. This brief article is restricted to the fully documented inception of the IOM; its development is for its present members to describe and appraise. Without doubt, many people have thought of the possibility of a National Academy of Medicine (NAM), either freestanding or as part of the NAS, comparable with the National Academy of Engineers. The representation of practicing or research physicians as members of the NAS was pitifully small and scarcely representative. To test the waters for the need for an NAM, especially in view of the explosive growth of government participation in both medical practice and research, an editorial entitled "Needed: National Academy of Medicine" was published in<i>Modern</i>
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis with vesiculo-bullous eruption. Demonstration of subcorneal IgA deposits and a leukocyte chemotactic factor
Authors: H. TAGAMI, K. IWATSUKI, Y. IWASE, M. YAMADA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article Subcorneal pustular dermatosis with vesiculo‐bullous eruption. Demonstration of subcorneal IgA deposits and a leukocyte chemotactic factor Get access H. TAGAMI, H. TAGAMI Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan Hachiro Tagami, M. D., Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1‐1 Seiryo‐Machi, Sendai 980, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. IWATSUKI, K. IWATSUKI Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. IWASE, Y. IWASE Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. YAMADA M. YAMADA Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 109, Issue 5, 1 November 1983, Pages 581–587, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb07683.x Published: 01 November 1983 Article history Accepted: 04 April 1983 Published: 01 November 1983
Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV — Protecting This Generation and the Next
Authors: Marc Lallemant, Gonzague Jourdain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Approximately half of the 33.4 million persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide are women of reproductive age, and among the 2.1 million HIV-infected children, virtually all were infected during pregnancy, delivery, or breast-feeding.1 Since 2002, the number of newly infected children has declined, probably owing to increased implementation of interventions for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and the global stabilization of HIV prevalence among women.2 With these advances, new challenges have surfaced. In 2008, almost half of HIV-infected pregnant women received antiretroviral medications for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission.1 In most cases, the simplest intervention, . . .
Abstract 5710: Effective siRNA delivery through specific targeting of tumor
Authors: Eun Sung Jun, Jong-Ho Kim, Byung-Heon Lee, Rang-Woon Park, In-San Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The siRNA has been expected to apply for several diseases such as cancer since siRNA specifically silences the disease-associated genes. However, effective gene carriers should be developed to overcome the low siRNA stability in vivo, form stable complexes and facilitate intracellular uptake of siRNA. Here, we have investigated tumor targetable oligopeptide carrier including tumor-homing peptide, AP-1, and rich positive peptide, nine arginines, for systemic siRNA delivery. Phage display technique is a promising tool for selecting peptides or proteins with specific binding properties from a lot of variants. AP-1 peptide can bind with interleukin-4 receptor which expressed on surface of several human cancer cells like MDA-MB231. Arginine rich peptides have been widely used for forming complex with DNA, which promote efficient transfection in various mammalian cells. Oligopeptides formed ionic complex with siRNA at 150 nm size and these peptide/siRNA complexes were transfected in MDA-MB231. Under in vitro silencing experiments, peptide/siRNA complexes did silencing of Dronpa gene as similar to lipofectamine/siRNA complexes, which were observed by fluorescent microscope, flow cytometry, and western blotting analysis. For in vivo experiments, we prepared tumorbearing mice by inoculation of Dronpa-MDA-MB231 cells (Dronpa-stable cells). Tumor targetable oligopeptide/siRNA complexes were administrated through tale vein when tumor volume reached at 50 mm3 - we observed fluorescent signals of Dronpa in tumor. In tumor targetable oligopeptide/siRNA-treated mice, weak signals of Dronpa were observed compared with free siRNA-treated mice. These results revealed the promising potential of our oligopeptide carrier as a stable and effective siRNA delivery system for cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5710. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5710
The Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: Robert M. Nalbandian
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial on the pathogenic effects of the sickle cell trait, signed by Heller (225:987, 1973) has more historical background than appears on the surface. Beginning with my editorial, "Mass Screening Programs for Sickle Cell Hemoglobin," inThe Journal(221:500, 1972), some polemics have appeared, including Dr. Heller's letter (222:360, 1972). He categorized the use of the term "AS disease" as a disservice to the two million black Americans who are heterozygous for hemoglobin S, speaking rather pointedly of "uncritical authors" who rush to the occasion and write articles about events that could be chance phenomena. Yet even Heller in his editorial admits that trait victims may sustain splenic infarcts, hematuria, hyposthenuria, and "factors... cause sickling, tissue damage due to ischemia, and clinical disease." He did not mention that some refractory cases of hematuria require nephrectomy. Nor did he note that there are well over 150 articles
SURVEY OF INFLUENZAL MENINGITIS OVER A TEN YEAR PERIOD (1931-1941)
Authors: EVELYNNE G. KNOUF
Journal: JAMA (1942)

A survey of cases of influenzal meningitis seen and treated in the contagious disease department of the Los Angeles County Hospital over a ten year period (July 1, 1931 to July 1, 1941) reveals some interesting data.  The series of cases reported represents a total of 63 patients. Of these 47 were under 6 years of age and 16 were over 6. There were 36 males and 27 females. The gross mortality for the series was 84 per cent.  The patients have been divided into four groups: group 1, who received only symptomatic treatment; group 2, who were treated with serum; group 3, who were given sulfanilamide, and group 4, who received sulfapyridine. Each group will be considered separately.  GROUP 1: PATIENTS TREATED SYMPTOMATICALLY  In group 1 there were 19 patients, of whom 15 were under the age of 6 years. The remaining 4 were adults (ages, 33 to 73).
Increased prevalence of vitiligo, but no evidence of premature ageing, in the skin of patients with bp 3243 mutation in mitochondrial DNA in the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome (MELAS)
Authors: None KARVONEN, None HAAPASAARI, None KALLIOINEN, None OIKARINEN, None HASSINEN, AND K.MAJAMAA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Increased prevalence of vitiligo, but no evidence of premature ageing, in the skin of patients with bp 3243 mutation in mitochondrial DNA in the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes syndrome (MELAS) Get access S-L. KARVONEN, S-L. KARVONEN Departments of Dermatology Dr Seija‐Liisa Karvonen E‐mail: seija‐liisa.karvonen‐@oulu.fi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K-M. HAAPASAARI, K-M. HAAPASAARI Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. KALLIOINEN, M. KALLIOINEN Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. OIKARINEN, A. OIKARINEN Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.E. HASSINEN, I.E. HASSINEN Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oulu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. MAJAMAA K. MAJAMAA Neurology, University Hospital of Oulu, FIN‐90220 Oulu, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 4, 1 April 1999, Pages 634–639, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02761.x Published: 01 April 1999
D6-03: Proliferation and ‘invasiveness’ gene-expression signatures predict survival of surgically treated non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Maud H. Starmans, Balaji Krisnapuram, Harald Steck, Renaud Seigneuric, Francesca M. Buffa, Adrian L. Harris, Dirk De Ruysscher, Bradly G. Wouters, Philippe Lambin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Citrobacter diversus Brain Abscess and Meningitis in Neonates
Authors: Donald R. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Brain abscess is an infrequent complication of meningitis, including cases caused by Gram-negative enteric bacteria in neonates. Because brain abscesses recently developed in four of five neonates with Citrobacter diversus meningitis at one institution, we reviewed cases of C diversus meningitis reported in the literature and those enrolled in the Neonatal Meningitis Cooperative Study Groups and reported to the Centers for Disease Control. Seventy-four cases in neonates were identified, and a brain abscess had developed in 41 (77%) of 53 patients for whom the information was available. This high frequency indicates the need for rapid diagnosis of this complication of C diversus meningitis.
Risk Factors for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Young Australian Aborigines: A 5-year follow-up study
Authors: Braun Braun, Michael B Zimmermann, Norman Kretchmer, Randolph M Spargo, Richard M Smith, Michael Gracey
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance are present at an early age in australian aborigines and can be used to predict the eventual development of NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Baseline anthropometric, pubertal stage, and blood pressure data were collected for 100 Australian aboriginal children and adolescents in 1989. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, and LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol were measured before and during an oral glucose tolerance test. All measurements were repeated in 74 individuals from the original study population in 1994. Results were compared among hyperinsulinemic and normoinsulinemic subjects, and subjects with normal or abnormal glucose tolerance. RESULTS The percentage of subjects who were overweight increased from 2.7% at baseline to 17.6% 5 years later. At a mean age of 18.5 years, 8.1% of the population had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 2.7% had diabetes, and 21.6% had elevated cholesterol concentrations in plasma. Dyslipidemia was particularly prevalent among male subjects in the population: 34.4% had elevated plasma cholesterol and 21.9% had elevated LDL cholesterol values. Of the eight subjects who had diabetes or IGT in 1994, four were classified as hyperinsulinemic in 1989 and four were not. CONCLUSIONS The major finding of this study is the high prevalence of risk factors for NIDDM and cardiovascular disease in this population of aboriginal children and adolescents. Abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were well established by late in the second decade of life. Although many subjects had high insulin levels and there was evidence of insulin resistance in the population, hyperinsulinemia did not predict the development of abnormal glucose tolerance 5 years later.