tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AIDS policy: two divisive issues
Authors: J. Stryker
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  — As study director (J.S.) and panel member (R.B.) of the National Research Council (NRC) project on the social impact of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we write to respond to a recent Commentary by Drs Rogers and Osborn. 1   The NRC report concluded that despite the enormous human suffering wrought by AIDS, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has had minimal impact on some key institutions of American life. It noted that a major reason for this limited response is the concentration of the epidemic in socially marginalized groups. 2(p7)   This conclusion provoked an outraged reaction by people who took offense at press accounts highlighting this passage. Many commentators responded before having a chance to read the 322-page report that focused on the impact of AIDS on a half-dozen select social institutions. We had hoped the second wave of responses to the report in professional journals would
Traditional Risk Factors Alone Could Not Explain the Excess Mortality in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Enrique Regidor, Josep Franch, Mateu Seguí, Rosario Serrano, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Sara Artola
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Individuals with diabetes have an excess mortality compared with people without diabetes. This study used a national cohort of older Spanish adults to identify possible factors explaining the relation between diabetes and excess mortality.A cohort of 4,008 people ≥60 years of age was selected in 2000-2001 and followed prospectively until 2008. At baseline, data were collected on diabetes and major risk factors for mortality: social network, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and previous cardiovascular disease and cancer. Analyses were conducted with Cox regression with progressive adjustment for mortality risk factors.In the study cohort, 667 people had diabetes. A total of 972 deaths occurred during follow-up. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI for mortality in diabetic versus nondiabetic subjects, adjusted for age, marital status, education level, social class, medical consultation, and treatment with statins, angiotensin II antagonists, or aspirin, was 1.40 (1.11-1.76) in men and 1.70 (1.37-2.10) in women. Adjustment for additional risk factors produced little change in the HR. After adjustment for all risk factors, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, the mortality HR in diabetic versus nondiabetic individuals was 1.43 (1.12-1.82) in men and 1.67 (1.34-2.08) in women. The inclusion of lifestyles and diseases occurring during follow-up also produced little change in the relation between diabetes and mortality.The excess risk of mortality in diabetic versus nondiabetic individuals cannot be explained by mortality risk factors or by the presence of cardiovascular disease or cancer.
752-4 Transient Intracoronary Infusion of ATP After Reperfuslon Reduces the Extent of No-reflow and Infarct Size in Dogs
Authors: Kazuo Komamura, Hiroshi Ito, Shin Takiuchi, Katsuomi Iwakura, Atsushi Maruyama, Tohru Masuyama, Tetsuo Minamino, Koichi Node, Masafumi Kitakaze, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Gentamicin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kathryn M. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Like Donald R. Graham, MD (242:1141, 1979), we have concerns that colonization by gentamicin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in intensive care nurseries may be a source of significant morbidity. Like Faden and co-workers (241: 143, 1979), we had an outbreak of gentamicin-resistant<i>S aureus</i>in our neonatal unit in 1977. From January to December 1977, biweekly screening cultures of the throat, endotracheal tube (if present), and stool of neonates for<i>S aureus</i>revealed a colonization rate of 35/251 (13.9%) of gentamicin-resistant<i>S aureus</i>and a colonization rate of 15/251 (5.9%) for gentamicin-sensitive organisms. Our colonization rate for gentamicinresistant<i>S aureus</i>was considerably lower than that reported by Faden et al. However, of the 35 infants, 14 (40%) colonized with this organism showed development of infections. These included four episodes of sepsis, four episodes of skin infections, three urinary tract infections, and three wound infections. Our experience suggests that the
Increased lysophosphatidylcholine content induced by thrombin receptor stimulation in adult rabbit cardiac ventricular myocytes
Authors: T. H Park, J. McHowat, R. A Wolf, P. B Corr
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aims were (1) to determine whether thrombin, which is increased in the presence of coronary thrombosis, can directly stimulate the production of lysophosphatidylcholine, which has arrhythmogenic properties, in ventricular myocytes; (2) whether the effect is dependent upon extracellular [Ca2+]; and (3) whether it is mediated directly through stimulation of the thrombin receptor. Methods: Lipids were extracted from isolated adult rabbit ventricular myocytes and lysophosphatidylcholine was isolated by HPLC and quantified using a recently developed radiometric assay employing 3H-acetic anhydride. Results: Thrombin (0.05 U·ml−1) stimulation of ventricular myocytes resulted in a nearly sixfold increase in lysophosphatidylcholine levels [0.26(SEM 0.03) to 1.61(0.42) nmol·mg−1 protein] within 1 min. The increase in myocytic lysophosphatidylcholine content was prevented by preincubation of thrombin with the proteolytic site inhibitors phenylyl-prolyl-arginyl-chloromethyl ketone (PPACK) and dansylarginine N-(3-ethyl-l,5-pentanediyl)amide. The increase in lysophosphatidylcholine content in response to thrombin was not present at an extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+)]o) = 500 μM, but was marked at a physiological level of [Ca2+]o = 1.8 mM. Stimulation of myocytes with the thrombin receptor activating peptide SFLLRNPNDKYEPF (100 μM for 1 min) resulted in a similar increase in lysophosphatidylcholine content [1.61(0.27) nmol·mg−1 protein]. Conclusions: The marked increase in lysophosphatidylcholine content in cardiac myocytes in response to thrombin has important implications as an arrhythmogenic mechanism during early myocardial ischaemia. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1263-1268
Call for “All-Hands-on-Deck” Government Response to Ebola
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

The Senate Committee on Appropriations held a hearing November 12 on the US government response to Ebola. “This is a serious situation that requires an all-hands-on-deck, all-government response,” committee chair Sen Barbara Mikulski (D, Md) said in an opening statement.
<i>Homo sapiens</i>, a localized species
Authors: Jerome Bruner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Tomasello et al. point up the mutual interdependency of the unique human capacity for intersubjectivity and the evolution and institutionalization of culture. Since both intersubjectivity and cultural cooperation require localized knowledge, Homo sapiens is highly reliant on such knowledge and in that sense is a highly localized species, requiring special means to surmount cultural misreadings and to achieve translocal, or global, interconnection.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Impact of Patient and Target-Vessel Characteristics on Arterial and Venous Bypass Graft Patency: Insight From a Randomized Trial”
Authors: Nimesh D. Desai, C. David Naylor, Alexander Kiss, Randi Feder-Elituv, Senri Miwa, Sam Radhakrishnan, James Dubbin, Leonard Schwartz, Eric A. Cohen, Stephen E. Fremes
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Effect of Once-a-Week Training Program on Physical Fitness and Metabolic Control in Children With IDDM
Authors: Niilo-Pekka Huttunen, Sirkka-Liisa Lankela, Mikael Knip, Pentti Lautala, Marja-Liisa Kaar, Kaisu Laasonen, Raija Puukka
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

To examine whether a physical activity program could improve physical fitness and glycemic control, 32 children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined before the program and 3 mo later. Fifty percent of the subjects (n = 16) participated in the training for 1 h/wk (exercise group), whereas the remaining subjects were engaged in nonphysical activities for an equal amount of time (nonexercise group). Age of the subjects ranged from 8.2 to 16.9 yr, (mean 11.9 yr), with mean duration of diabetes 0.6-13.1 yr (5.2 yr). During the 3-mo program peak oxygen consumption (Vo2) rose from 40.0 to 43.8 ml · min-1 · m-2 (P &amp;lt; .01) in the exercise group but only by 1.3 ml · min-1 · m-2 in the nonexercise group (NS). Metabolic control did not improve in either group, with glycosylated hemoglobin level rising from 9.8 to 10.5% (P &amp;lt; .01) in the exercise group and from 9.4 to 9.7% (NS) in the control group. When subjects were stratified according to their participation, metabolic control was significantly better among diabetic subjects participating frequently (5:11 of 13 sessions) than among those participating infrequently (&amp;lt;11 of 13 sessions), regardless of the type of activity. It was concluded that a training program of 1 h/wk for 3 mo does improve physical fitness but not the metabolic control of diabetes. On the other hand, glycemic control appears to be best among diabetic subjects who are motivated to participate in any kind of program related to the treatment of their disease.
National Health Service — Inquiry into the Demystification of Medicine — Gordon Hamilton Fairley
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

SINCE the medical profession has been urging the government to set up an inquiry into the state of the National Health Service (N.H.S.) it might have been thought that the announcement by the Prime Minister that a Royal Commission1 is to be appointed for this purpose would have been applauded. In fact, it did receive a cautious welcome, but with a strong suspicion that the timing of the announcement was planned to defuse the highly charged situation that has arisen as a result of the publication of the government's consultative document on the separation of private practice from N.H.S. hospitals . . .
Impact of Cilostazol on Restenosis After Percutaneous Coronary Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Etsuo Tsuchikane, Atsunori Fukuhara, Tohru Kobayashi, Motohiro Kirino, Keita Yamasaki, Tomoko Kobayashi, Masahiro Izumi, Satoru Otsuji, Hitone Tateyama, Makoto Sakurai, Nobuhisa Awata
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary (balloon) angioplasty (PTCA) remains a major drawback of the procedure. We previously reported that cilostazol, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, inhibited intimal proliferation after directional coronary atherectomy and reduced the restenosis rate in humans. The present study aimed to determine the effect of cilostazol on restenosis after PTCA. Methods and Results —Two hundred eleven patients with 273 lesions who underwent successful PTCA were randomly assigned to the cilostazol (200 mg/d) group or the aspirin (250 mg/d) control group. Administration of cilostazol was initiated immediately after PTCA and continued for 3 months of follow-up. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed before PTCA and after PTCA and at follow-up. Reference diameter, minimal lumen diameter, and percent diameter stenosis (DS) were measured by quantitative coronary angiography. Angiographic restenosis was defined as DS at follow-up &gt;50%. Eligible follow-up angiography was performed in 94 patients with 123 lesions in the cilostazol group and in 99 patients with 129 lesions in the control group. The baseline characteristics and results of PTCA showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. However, minimal lumen diameter at follow-up was significantly larger (1.65±0.55 vs 1.37±0.58 mm; P &lt;0.0001) and DS was significantly lower (34.1±17.8% vs 45.6±19.3%; P &lt;0.0001) in the cilostazol group. Restenosis and target lesion revascularization rates were also significantly lower in the cilostazol group (17.9% vs 39.5%; P &lt;0.001 and 11.4% vs 28.7%; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —Cilostazol significantly reduces restenosis and target lesion revascularization rates after successful PTCA.
A Pulmonary Metastasis of a Cystosarcoma Phyllodes of the Breast Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Giorgio Treglia, Barbara Muoio, Carmelo Caldarella, George Koshy Parapatt
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We describe a pulmonary metastasis of a cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast (CPB) detected by F-FDG PET/CT. A 65-year-old female patient previously operated on for a cystosarcoma phyllodes of the left breast underwent F-FDG PET/CT for restaging. F-FDG PET/CT showed an area of increased F-FDG uptake corresponding to a 2-cm right pulmonary nodule. Histology suggested the presence of a pulmonary metastasis of CPB.
Simple Analgesics for Arthritis
Authors: E. C. Huskisson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A series of experiments has been carried out with single doses of simple analgesics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a consistent polyad design. This method proved to be both valid and useful. Pain relief scores were a better measure of the effectiveness of analgesics than preference. Aspirin, Codis, and Distalgesic were the most effective analgesics tested, with paracetamol, pentazocine, and Ciba 44,328 intermediate between these agents and placebo. Placebo given after an active analgesic was more effective than when given before; this phenomenon was not abolished by telling the patients that apparently identical tablets were, in fact, different or by making them different in colour. The effectiveness of soluble placebo depended on its colour, red being the most effective.
Dupuytren's contractures in patients infected with HIV.
Authors: M Bower, M Nelson, B G Gazzard
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Symptoms related to blood pressure, pulse rate, and blood concentrations ofcortisol, zidovudine, and the 5- 0-glucuronide ofzidovudine (GAZT) in patient given zidovudine 200 mg and placebo Patient supine Patient erect Plasma Time Blood pressure Pulse Blood pressure Pulse cortisol GAZT Zidovudine (min) (mm Hg)(beats/mmi) (mm Hg) (beats/mmi) (nmolI1) (1tmol/l) (tmol/l) Symptoms
Thiomer-coated liposomes harbor permeation enhancing and efflux pump inhibitory properties
Authors: K. Gradauer, S. Dünnhaupt, C. Vonach, H. Szöllösi, I. Pali-Schöll, H. Mangge, E. Jensen-Jarolim, A. Bernkop-Schnürch, R. Prassl
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)

An ideal oral drug carrier should facilitate drug delivery to the gastrointestinal tract and its absorption into the systemic circulation. To meet these requirements, we developed a thiomer-coated liposomal delivery system composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and a maleimide-functionalized lipid, to which chitosan-thioglycolic acid (CS-TGA) was covalently coupled. In addition to conventional 77 kDa CS-TGA (CS-TGA77), we tested the 150 kDa homologue (CS-TGA150) as well as an S-protected version of this polymer (CS-TGA150-MNA), in which some of the free SH-groups are conjugated with 6-mercaptonicotinamide to protect them from oxidation. Coupling of CS-TGA to the liposomal surface led to an increase in the particle size of at least 150 nm and an increase in the zeta potential from approximately − 33 mV to a maximum of about + 36 mV, depending on the polymer. As revealed by fluorescence dequenching the formulations have a storage stability of at least two weeks without releasing any encapsulated compounds. In simulated gastric fluid, the system was shown to be stable over 24 h, while in simulated intestinal fluid, a slow, sustained release of encapsulated compounds was observed. According to our experiments, thiomer-coated liposomes did not induce immunogenic reactions after an oral administration to mice. To evaluate the permeation enhancing and efflux pump inhibiting properties of CS-TGA coated liposomes we monitored the transport of fluoresceinisothiocyanate-dextran (FD4) and rhodamine-123 (Rho-123), respectively, through rat small intestine. Permeation studies showed a 2.8-fold higher permeation of FD4 in the presence of CS-TGA77 coated liposomes and an even 4-fold higher permeation in the presence of CSA-TGA150-MNA coated liposomes. The latter also performed best when we evaluated P-glycoprotein inhibiting properties by monitoring the transport of Rho-123, revealing a 4.2-fold enhancement respective to the buffer control. Taken together, thiomer-coated liposomes were shown to protect encapsulated drugs in the stomach, slowly release them in the small intestine and enhance their absorption through the intestinal tissue by opening tight junctions and inhibiting efflux pumps.
Trust audit highlights variations in performance
Authors: C Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

There are widespread discrepancies in the performance of both community services and hospitals in England and Wales, according to an Audit Commission report, Trusting in the Future. The commission says that clinical productivity varies by up to 50% between similar providers, with much of this variation resulting directly from the way in which services are organised and managed.

The commission says that the aim of the report is to help the managers of new trusts - many of which were being set up while …
Acute Leukemia in Adolescents and Adults: Incidence and Results of Treatment over Three Consecutive Five-year Periods.
Authors: Muriel C. Meyers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Acute Leukemia in Adolescents and Adults: Incidence and Results of Treatment over Three Consecutive Five-year Periods.Muriel C. Meyers, M.D., F.A.C.P., Dale R. Hines, M.D., Ronald C. Bishop, M.D., F.A.C.P.Muriel C. Meyers, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Dale R. Hines, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ronald C. Bishop, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1092_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe incidence and results of treatment of acute leukemia in a total of 386 adolescent and adult patients during the course of three consecutive 5-year periods are compared (90 patients, 1948 to 1952 inclusive; 136 patients, 1953 to 1957; 160 patients, 1958 to 1962). There were 213 males and 173 females. Both the increasing incidence in successive periods and the predominance of males were more marked above the age of 19 years. Of the total 386 cases, 185 were classified as granulocytic, 164 as monocytic, and 37 as lymphocytic.Antimetabolites and corticosteroids alone or in combination were employed in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1092-1092KeywordsAdolescents Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Reversal of proarrhythmic effects of flecainide acetate and encainide hydrochloride by propranolol.
Authors: R J Myerburg, K M Kessler, M M Cox, H Huikuri, E Terracall, A Interian, P Fernandez, A Castellanos
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The use of membrane-active antiarrhythmic agents may be complicated by aggravation of existing arrhythmias or development of new drug-induced arrhythmias. Four patients, referred because of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or symptomatic sustained ventricular tachycardia, were receiving class IC antiarrhythmic agents in an attempt to prevent inducibility of sustained ventricular tachycardia. New or worsening spontaneous arrhythmias developed while they were on flecainide acetate (n = 3) or encainide hydrochloride (n = 1) therapy. Spontaneous runs of rapid nonsustained and sustained ventricular tachycardia developed in two. Increased frequency of premature ventricular contractions and repetitive forms of ventricular ectopic activity developed in one, despite the fact that inducibility of sustained ventricular tachycardia had been prevented. Salvos and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia developed in the fourth patient. Propranolol had failed to prevent inducibility of sustained ventricular tachycardia during previous programmed stimulation studies in three of the four patients, but it reproducibly suppressed drug-induced arrhythmias that appeared only after administration of the IC agents in each patient. Suppression of the proarrhythmic effects by beta-adrenergic blockade suggests a possible interaction of these drugs with autonomic function in the genesis of the observed proarrhythmic effects. Direct pharmacologic control of proarrhythmic drug effects has not previously been reported.
Effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid on myocardial capillary permeability following ischaemia and reperfusion
Authors: P. R. Hansen, J. H. Svendsen, N. B. H st, S. H. Hansen, S. Hauns 
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid on myocardial capillary permeability following ischaemia and reperfusion Get access Peter Riis Hansen, Peter Riis Hansen Correspondence to Dr Peter Riis Hansen. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jesper Hastrup Svendsen, Jesper Hastrup Svendsen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nis Baun H⊘st, Nis Baun H⊘st Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steen Honoré Hansen, Steen Honoré Hansen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stig Hauns⊘ Stig Hauns⊘ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 8, August 1992, Pages 798–803, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.8.798 Published: 01 August 1992 Article history Received: 17 October 1991 Accepted: 13 February 1992 Published: 01 August 1992
Tissue-engineered dermo-epidermal skin grafts prevascularized with adipose-derived cells
Authors: Agnieszka S. Klar, Sinan Güven, Thomas Biedermann, Joachim Luginbühl, Sophie Böttcher-Haberzeth, Claudia Meuli-Simmen, Martin Meuli, Ivan Martin, Arnaud Scherberich, Ernst Reichmann
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
A Double-Blind Study of the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Raymond F. Grenfell
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Antihypertensive agents differ as to the degree of hypotension which results from their use. In an attempt to evaluate various agents, a double-blind study was begun in January, 1956. Seventy-four patients received placebo and ergotoxine alkaloids parenterally. Sixty received placebo and drugs orally. For 59 weeks, parenteral placebo administration caused a significant decrease in systolic pressure. Parenteral drug and placebo administration was followed by a significant decrease in diastolic pressure through the 143rd week. Patients receiving placebo orally experienced no significant change in pressure. Decreases in systolic and diastolic pressure followed oral administration of the ergotoxine alkaloids, reserpine, and a combination of rauwolfia, protoveratrine, and phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride. Dihydroergocornine orally did not decrease the blood pressure.