tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PNEUMOCOCCAL CAPSULAR SWELLING REACTION, STUDIED WITH THE AID OF THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Authors: Stuart Mudd, Ferdinand Heinmets, Thomas F. Anderson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Electron micrographs indicate, in harmony with previous findings, that the pneumococcal capsule is a gel of low density outside of and closely applied to the bacterial cell wall. Interaction with homologous immune rabbit serum greatly increases the thickness and density of this capsular gel; the increase in thickness of the specifically swollen pneumococcal capsule may exceed by 25-fold the thickness of the surface deposit caused by rabbit immune serum on the cell walls and flagella of homologous non-capsulated bacteria. Conclusions drawn from these and earlier data are that homologous immune serum permeates the pneumococcal capsular gel; the specific antibody combines with the capsular polysaccharide; non-specific serum components are secondarily adsorbed to or combined with the specific antigen-antibody complex. The relatively low antibacterial titers characteristic of pneumococcal antisera can be explained in part by the permeation of the capsule by antiserum, in part by the high combining capacity of pneumococcal carbohydrate for antibody (17).
Treatment of dermatophyte nail infections: An open randomized study comparing intermittent terbinafine therapy with continuous terbinafine treatment and intermittent itraconazole therapy
Authors: Antonella Tosti, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Caterina Stinchi, Nicola Venturo, Federico Bardazzi, Maria Delia Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)
The 1997 American Diabetes Association and 1999 World Health Organization criteria for hyperglycemia in the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes.
Authors: M M Gabir, R L Hanson, D Dabelea, G Imperatore, J Roumain, P H Bennett, W C Knowler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

The 1997 American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the 1985 and 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for diabetes and hyperglycemia differ. The appropriateness of these diagnostic criteria in terms of individuals identified as abnormal and their prognosis has been debated. The purpose of this study is to compare the classifications of people by these criteria and to compare fasting and postload plasma glucose concentrations in the prediction of diabetes.The frequencies of diabetes by the 3 sets of criteria were compared in 5,023 adult Pima Indians not taking hypoglycemic drugs. Among nondiabetic subjects, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postload plasma glucose (2-h PG) concentrations and categories of impaired glucose regulation or diabetes were evaluated as predictors of diabetes defined by 1999 WHO criteria.The frequency of diabetes was 12.5% by 1997 ADA criteria, 14.6% by 1985 WHO criteria, and 15.3% by 1999 WHO criteria. The incidence of diabetes was strongly related to higher FPG and 2-h PG, each of which had very similar predictive powers. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was more common than impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (15 vs. 5%), but the 5-year incidence of diabetes was higher in IFG than IGT (37 vs. 24%).The prevalence and incidence of diabetes are somewhat lower with the ADA criteria than with the 1985 or 1999 WHO criteria. The intermediate categories of glycemia differ substantially IFG defines a smaller number of people who are at higher risk of developing diabetes than those with IGT. More people at high risk of diabetes could be identified by using either IFG or IGT, as recommended by the 1999 WHO criteria, or by using the FPG concentration alone, but with a lower cutoff value.
Angiotensinogen Mutations and Risk for Ischemic Heart Disease, Myocardial Infarction, and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease: Six Case–Control Studies from the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Authors: Amar A. Sethi, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Marie-Louise Moes Grønholdt, Rolf Steffensen, Peter Schnohr, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: The M235T and T174M angiotensinogen mutations have been linked to increased risk for ischemic heart and cerebrovascular disease. Objective: To determine whether angiotensinogen mutations are associated with ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Design: Six case–control studies from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Setting: Copenhagen, Denmark. Participants: Participants in the Copenhagen City Heart Study and patients from the same hospital with ischemic heart disease (n = 866 and n = 943, respectively), myocardial infarction (n = 519 and n = 493, respectively), or ischemic cerebrovascular disease (n = 489 and n = 434, respectively) and 7975 controls without these conditions. Measurements: Genotypes for the M235T and T174M angiotensinogen mutations were compared between controls and Copenhagen City Heart Study participants with ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular disease (studies 1a, 1b, and 1c) and patients from Copenhagen University Hospital with the same conditions (studies 2a, 2b, and 2c). Results: Relative allele frequencies of 235T and 174M in the general population were 0.41 and 0.12, respectively. Genotype was not associated with increased risk for ischemic heart or ischemic cerebrovascular disease in studies of either mutation alone or combined in women or men. Among compound heterozygotes (235MT/174TM), women in case–control study 2a had decreased risk for ischemic heart disease in age-adjusted analysis; however, this decreased risk was not seen in multifactorial-adjusted or matched analyses, in men, or in case–control study 1a. Among double homozygotes (235TT/174MM), women in case–control study 2b had increased risk for myocardial infarction in matched analysis; however, this increased risk was not seen in age- or multifactorial-adjusted analyses, in men, or in case–control study 1b. Among single homozygotes (235TT/174TT), men in case–control study 2b had increased risk for myocardial infarction in multifactorial-adjusted and matched analyses. This risk was not present in age-adjusted analysis, in women, or in case–control study 1b. In addition, male single homozygotes had decreased risk for ischemic cerebrovascular disease in case–control study 2c in age- and multifactorial-adjusted analyses, but this finding was not seen in matched analysis, in women, or in case–control study 1c. Conclusions: In six large case–control studies, the M235T and T174M angiotensinogen mutations were not consistently associated with increased (or decreased) risk for ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, or ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Statistically significant associations may represent chance findings rather than real phenomena.
Nitric oxide 2
Authors: G. Zobel, A. Gamillscheg, B. Urlesberger, S. Rödl, D. Dacar, J. Berger, H. Metzler, A. Beitzke, B. Rigler, M. Trop, H. M. Grubbauer, A. P. Goldman, R. C. Tasker, S. Hosiasson, T. Henrichsen, D. J. Macrae, P. Jouvet, J. M. Treluyer, E. Werner, P. Hubert, J. Pfenninger, D. C. G. Bachmann, B. P. Wagner, Sylvia Göthberg, Karl Erik Edberg, Swee Fong Tang, Daniel Holmgren, Svein Michelsen, Owen Miller, Erik Thaulow, Per Winberg, Per-Arne Lönnqvist, P. Biban, A. Pettenazzo, D. Trevisanuto, P. Ferrarese, F. Zacchello
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
Technique of Psychoanalysis
Authors: M. Miller
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1967)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 Technique of Psychoanalysis Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology M. Miller M. Miller Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA (Milton L. Miller, M.D.) Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1967) 15 (2-4): 189–199. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285890 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. Miller; Technique of Psychoanalysis. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1967; 15 (2-4): 189–199. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285890 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1967Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Antiaging effect of exercise training on the rat heart: gene expression profile approach
Authors: Nicola Ferrara, Paolo Pisanelli, Pasquale Abete, Claudio Calabrese, Luigi Pianese, Carlo Fasano, Mimmo Turano, Antonelia Monticelli, Irene De Biase, Dario Leosco, Franco Rengo, Sergio Cocozza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
GENERALIZED MYCOSIS DUE TO A HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED FUNGUS (GLENOSPORA GAMMELI)
Authors: M. A. Blankenhorn, John A. Gammel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

Case reports of generalized mycosis are infrequent; first, because the condition is probably not very common; secondly, because few clinicians are interested in this type of disease and do not possess the training necessary to study the fungi; and thirdly, since Koch's postulates cannot be fulfilled in dealing with diseases due to fungi, pathologists and bacteriologists hesitate to make clinical reports on in- complete studies.We report this case because we believe it to be an instance in which an apparently harmless, though hitherto unrecognized mould has invaded the tissues of man and produced a serious disease, which once recognized, could be treated satisfactorily.Furthermore, we think that the detailed description of the method of identifying the strain of this fungus may serve as a guide to others in similar investi- gations. CASE HISTORYThe patient, aged forty-five years, walked into the dispensary of Lakeside Hospital in March, 1925, complaining of pain in the chest, cough with bloody expectoration and loss of weight.This he had endured for .aboutfour months, thinking that it had started from a cold, and although unable to work he had not come for medical aid until very recently he had been alarmed by seeing blood in his stools.He had had the malaise and weakness common to destructive lung disorders but no night sweats.He looked quite ill and could scarcely speak on account of persistent cough.He could give no definite account of the appearance of certain skin lesions other than that they had been present for not more than four weeks.He had had no previous illnesses and had worked steadily as a coal miner, but immediately before becoming sick had worked at heavy outside construction, pouring concrete.Examination showed that he had a partial consolidation of 471
Testosterone is not alone: Internal secretions and external behavior
Authors: Robin Fox
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Using testosterone alone as a measure of dominance presents problems, especially when dominance is loosely defined to include a range of behaviors that may arise from multiple causes. Testosterone should be examined in relation to other hormonal and neurotransmitter factors, such as serotonin. Various hypotheses about the relationship between high and low levels of testosterone with serotonin and with impulse control are suggested for future study.
THE FIELD OF BINOCULAR FIXATION OR THE HOME OF THE GUIDING SENSATION OF THE RETINA.
Authors: G. C. SAVAGE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

A private letter from Dr. Francis Valk of New York has led me into a further study of the guiding sensation of the retina. In my book "New Truths in Ophthalmology," I have emphasized its importance as master of the extrinsic and intrinsic eye muscles, but it seems to me now that I did not place enough emphasis on it. The part of Dr. Valk's letter which has led me to undertake this communication is as follows: "I have been reading your book lately and have been very much pleased with the work; but as I have read it a question has come into my mind that I want to ask you about. I note that in your chapter on Accommodation and Convergence, you lay great stress and importance on the guiding sensation of the eyes, and there I agree with you; but if this function is so important, and
The Prevention of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in the United States
Authors: Donald P. Francis
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most virulent infectious agents ever encountered. This virus, estimated to kill up to a half of those infected, has spread to more than 1 million Americans. There is no safe and effective treatment. Nor is there a vaccine. From our understanding of HIV transmission, further spread of the virus can be stopped by the use of various techniques. The combined use of education-motivation-skill building, serologic screening, and contact tracing/notification could eliminate or substantially reduce transmission. To accomplish this reduction an immense concerted effort by physicians, public health practitioners, business, and community organizations is required to get across the simple prevention messages. Those messages are: Any sexual intercourse (outside of mutually monogamous or HIV antibody-negative relationships) must be protected with a condom. Do not share unsterile needles or syringes. All women who may have been exposed should seek HIV-antibody testing before becoming pregnant and, if positive, avoid pregnancy. Only through a concerted, vigorous, and sustained prevention program that deals frankly with this problem will those individuals at risk be reached and motivated to take personal responsibility to protect themselves. Without such an effort, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome will continue to kill ever-increasing numbers of Americans.The authors review current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and transmission of the AIDS virus in the United States, outline a prevention plan based on that knowledge, and describe the major problems confronting effective prevention and control. They argue that the combined use of education and counseling, serologic screening, and contact tracing and notification could eliminate or substantially reduce transmission of AIDS.
Pro-inflammatory genetic background and zinc status in old atherosclerotic subjects
Authors: Robertina Giacconi, Calogero Caruso, Marco Malavolta, Domenico Lio, Carmela R. Balistreri, Letizia Scola, Giuseppina Candore, Elisa Muti, Eugenio Mocchegiani
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2008)
Autohaemagglutination and Raynaud's Phenomenon
Authors: G. B. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1947)

In the present series skin rashes have occurred in six patients: in four the drug was given again without causing reappearance of the rash, and in two the rash reappeared and the thiocyanate had to be stopped.Koffler and Freireich (1944) have reported femoral thrombophlebitis -in four of a series of 40 cases treated, and observed that the lesion tended to recur if the drug was repeated.In the present series this complication has occurred twice.In a larger series of other cases under the observation of one of us it has not bccurred at all.Goitre is reported to have followed the long-continued administration of potassium thiocyanate.Wald et al. ( 1939) report 11 cases in 246 patients treated.We have not seen this complication.Our opinion is that, apart from skin rashes which may occur at low serum thiocyanate concentrations, toxic effects are uncommon provided that the dosage of the drug is properly controlled.The necessity for close control, especially in the early stages of thiocyanate therapy during which the adequate maintenance dose is being ascertained, cannot be over-emphasized.It is said that thiocyanate therapy may be responsible for retinal, cerebral, and coronary thrombosis, but this opinion takes no account of the fact that a proportion of patients with persistent hypertension are suffering from active arteriosclerotic disease and that this disease is the cause, or may be the cause, of thrombotic phenomena occurring during the administration of thiocyanate. SummaryAn attempt has been made to assess the value of thiocyanate therapy in hypertension.A scheme of dosage has been given together with indications for treatment.Patients with hyper- tension have been classified according to phases and types of hypertensive disease.Taking the cases as a whole, sympto- matic relief and a significant fall in blood pressure were observed in roughly 60% of the cases.The further observation of 42 patients shows that the effect of thiocyanate therapy can be correlated with the phases of the arteriosclerotic process, and that whereas symptomatic relief is given and blood-pressure reduction is maintained in approximately 40% of the cases, the continued administration of potassium thiocyanate does not prevent, in individual cases at least, the continued progress of arteriosclerotic disease.
Influenza A virus infection and atherosclerosis
Authors: S. Naguib, M.M. Morteza Naghavi, S.S. Said Siadaty, P.W. Philip Wyde, E.G. Efrain Guzman, Z.B. Zeba Barlas, R.J. Reji John, S. Ward Casscells
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Involvement of 15-lipoxygenase in early stages of atherogenesis.
Authors: H Kühn, J Belkner, S Zaiss, T Fährenklemper, S Wohlfeil
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase which is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions is implicated in the oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins during atherogenesis. To obtain experimental in vivo evidence for this hypothesis, we analyzed the structure of oxygenated lipids isolated from the aorta of rabbits fed with a cholesterol-rich diet for different time periods and compared the pattern of oxygenation products with that isolated from low density lipoproteins treated in vitro with the pure rabbit 15-lipoxygenase and with oxygenated lipids isolated from advanced human atherosclerotic lesions. In early atherosclerotic lesions (12-wk cholesterol feeding), specific lipoxygenase products were detected whose structure was similar to those isolated from lipoxygenase-treated low density lipoproteins. The appearance of these products did coincide with the lipid deposition in the vessel wall. In later stages of atherogenesis (26-wk cholesterol feeding) the degree of oxidative modification of the tissue lipids did increase but the share of specific lipoxygenase products was significantly lower, suggesting an increasing overlay of the specific lipoxygenase products by nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation. In advanced human atherosclerotic lesions, large amounts of oxygenation products were detected whose structure suggests a nonenzymatic origin. These data suggest that the arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase is of pathophysiological importance during the early stages of atherogenesis. In later stages of plaque development nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation becomes more relevant.
Website gives media the tough treatment
Authors: Melissa Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Many doctors and scientists have long been concerned about the quality of medical reporting. Now, in a direct response to what they see as spin and distortion, a group of academics and clinicians in Australia has launched a website that evaluates media coverage of new medical treatments. Their particular goal is to counter the public relations blitz that often accompanies product launches.

The website (http://www.mediadoctor.org.au/), which went live two weeks ago, evaluates press articles using a three-star rating system and criteria that include how benefits, harms, and costs are reported, as well as the independence of information sources, and whether there is any disease mongering.

Its founders, from the Newcastle Institute of Public Health in New South Wales, hope to raise awareness among journalists and media managers of weaknesses in their coverage and encourage more comprehensive reporting.

The website compares the performance of various media outlets, with the aim, once enough stories are analysed, of feeding back comparative data to each outlet.

The group's spokesman, Professor David Henry, professor of clinical pharmacology at the University of Newcastle, said that unlike …
Deletions of Chromosome 15 as a Cause of the Prader–Willi Syndrome
Authors: David H. Ledbetter, Vincent M. Riccardi, Susan D. Airhart, Richard J. Strobel, Bruce S. Keenan, John D. Crawford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE Prader–Willi syndrome consists of muscular hypotonia, obesity, short stature, small hands and feet, hypogonadism, and mental retardation. Although an autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance has been suggested, the origin of the disease has been problematic. In 1976 Hawkey and Smithies described a patient with the syndrome and an abnormal karyotype showing a 15; 15 Robertsonian translocation.1 Noting similar translocations involving at least one D-group chromosome (numbers 13–15) in earlier reports on the syndrome, they suggested that loss of the short arm of chromosome 15 because of unbalanced translocation might be a specific cause of this syndrome. Since their report, seven . . .
Reversal of Folate Malabsorption in Tropical and Non-tropical Sprue by Calf Jejunum
Authors: H. Baker, O. Frank, H. Ziffer, S. Feingold, A. A. Cintron-Rivera
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In eight patients with folic acid malabsorption the malabsorption was reversed only when a combination of either 250 mg. of lyophilized human jejunal juice or 5 g. of lyophilized calf jejunum with 5 mg. of synthetic folic acid was fed; calf liver was ineffective. The factors in calf jejunum that re-established folic acid absorption were heat-stable and did not form polyglutamyl folates on previous incubation with folic acid.