tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P1-03-09: Significance of FAP, SMA and CD31 Expression in the Stroma of Breast Cancer.
Authors: J Tchou, C Satija, P Zhang, Y Bi, R Davuluri, H Chen, R Majumdar, C Mies, M Herlyn, E Pure
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast cancer stroma heterogeneity has been demonstrated in various gene expression profile analyses. Whether there is any association between stroma heterogeneity and the molecular phenotype of breast cancer has yet to be established. Therefore, we performed immunohistochemical analyses (IHC) to evaluate the expression of the following stromal cell markers (fibroblast activation protein (FAP), smooth muscle actin (SMA), and CD31, an endothelial cell marker) in tumor tissues from a contemporary cohort of 52 patients comprising of all four molecular subtypes (luminal A (n=25); luminal B (n=2); Her2-neu (+) (n=5); and basal (n=20)). We hypothesize that stroma heterogeneity as reflected by the proportion of stromal cells staining (+) for FAP and SMA may correlate with their molecular epithelial phenotype. Furthermore, studying the distribution of these stromal cell markers in IHC sections may evaluate their spatial relationship with tumor cells, immune cells, and tumor microvasculature which may have strategic significance within the tumor/microenvironment. As shown in Table 1, FAP is a more robust stromal cell marker staining 85±14% of stromal cells compared to SMA which stains only 28±29% of stromal cells (p&amp;lt;0.05). However, the distribution of FAP, SMA and microvessel density appears to be similar in all four subtypes. Multivariate analyses to correlate molecular subtype, tumor grade, tumor size, the no. of (+) nodes, and age with the% stromal cells staining (+) for FAP, SMA and CD31 yielded a significant correlation between the intensity of FAP(+) cells with tumor size, tumor grade, and the no. of positive nodes (p=0.00134, 0.0044, and 0.01141 respectively). We conclude that 1) stroma heterogeneity on IHC does not differ significantly across molecular subtypes; 2) FAP is a robust stromal cell marker; and 3) a higher FAP expression intensity on IHC may correlate with poor prognosis. Recent reports on the role of FAP in promoting tumor growth plus the abundance of FAP expression in breast cancer stroma underscore a significant role of FAP in breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-03-09.
Neuronal synchronization accompanying memory processing
Authors: Sabine Weiss, Horst M. Mueller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

In their target article, Ruchkin et al. propose sustained neuronal interaction of prefrontal and posterior cortex involved in memory-storage mechanisms with respect to electrophysiological findings on the relationship of short-term and long-term memory processes. We will evaluate this claim in light of recent evidence from our laboratory on EEG coherence analysis of memory processes accompanying language comprehension.
Busulfan Treatment of Leukemia During Pregnancy
Authors: Marion Dugdale
Journal: JAMA (1967)

WHEN PREGNANCY occurs in a patient with leukemia, a difficult therapeutic problem is presented to the physician. Almost invariably it is necessary to treat the patient with antileukemic drugs during the course of the pregnancy. The drugs commonly used in the therapy of the leukemias are potent cytotoxic agents. Does their use endanger the fetus? In experimental animals, these drugs cross the placental barrier and cause varying degrees of damage to the fetus.<sup>1</sup>Their effect on the human fetus, however, is less clearly defined. Case reports of leukemic patients treated during pregnancy are often difficult to evaluate since multiple drugs were used. Only in those instances where a single agent was used can we obtain information regarding its specific effect on the pregnancy or the health and development of the fetus. We wish to report such a case in which busulfan (Myleran) was the sole form of therapy throughout
Microalbuminuria in NIDDM
Authors: Mani M Bashyam, Neil J O'Sullivan, Habib H Baker, Patrick F Duggan, Teresa H Mitchell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To determine an effective screening procedure for microalbuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The prevalence of microalbuminuria in NIDDM patients whose urine was negative on routine Albustix testing was studied. Microalbuminuria was measured in overnight urine samples from 128 NIDDM patients on at least two of three occasions over a 6-mo period. Patients were tested with Micro-Bumintest or Micral-Test. RESULTS Ten of 128 patients had albumin concentrations ≥ or = 20 mg/L on two or more occasions, 14 patients had A-C ratios ≥ or = 3 mg/M on two or more occasions, and 9 patients had both. CONCLUSIONS Neither Micro-Bumintest nor Micral-Test is a useful or feasible screening procedure for microalbuminuria.
FDG Uptake in Secondary Parathyroid Hyperplasia
Authors: Nozomi Ozawa, Terue Okamura, Koichi Koyama, Ibuki Hayashi, Takashi Kuwahara
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 55-year-old woman had been on long-term hemodialysis. Her intact parathyroid hormone level was extremely high. High serum levels of alkaline phosphates and phosphorus in addition to the elevated parathyroid hormone suggested secondary hyperparathyroidism. Ultrasonographic examination of the neck revealed enlargement of all parathyroid glands. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography scanning were performed to detect any malignant lesions. Regional positron emission tomography images showed increased flurodeoxyglucose uptake in the parathyroid glands, except for the right upper gland. Total parathyroidectomy was performed. Histologic examination confirmed hyperplasia of all parathyroid glands.
Quantitative angiography of the left anterior descending coronary artery: correlations with pressure gradient and results of exercise thallium scintigraphy.
Authors: W Wijns, P W Serruys, J H Reiber, M van den Brand, M L Simoons, C J Kooijman, K Balakumaran, P G Hugenholtz
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To evaluate, during cardiac catheterization, what constitutes a physiologically significant obstruction to blood flow in the human coronary system, computer-based quantitative analysis of coronary angiograms was performed on the angiograms of 31 patients with isolated disease of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. The angiographic severity of stenosis was compared with the transstenotic pressure gradient measured with the dilation catheter during angioplasty and with the results of exercise thallium scintigraphy. A curvilinear relationship was found between the pressure gradient across the stenosis (normalized for the mean aortic pressure) and the residual minimal area of obstruction (after subtracting the area of the angioplasty catheter). This relationship was best fitted by the equation: normalized mean pressure gradient = a + b . log [obstruction area], r = .74. The measurements of the percent area of stenosis (cutoff 80%) and of the transstenotic pressure gradient (cutoff 0.30) obtained at rest correctly predicted the occurrence of thallium perfusion defects induced by exercise in 83% of the patients.
Précis of<i>Bayesian Rationality: The Probabilistic Approach to Human Reasoning</i>
Authors: Mike Oaksford, Nick Chater
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

According to Aristotle, humans are the rational animal. The borderline between rationality and irrationality is fundamental to many aspects of human life including the law, mental health, and language interpretation. But what is it to be rational? One answer, deeply embedded in the Western intellectual tradition since ancient Greece, is that rationality concerns reasoning according to the rules of logic--the formal theory that specifies the inferential connections that hold with certainty between propositions. Piaget viewed logical reasoning as defining the end-point of cognitive development; and contemporary psychology of reasoning has focussed on comparing human reasoning against logical standards. Bayesian Rationality argues that rationality is defined instead by the ability to reason about uncertainty. Although people are typically poor at numerical reasoning about probability, human thought is sensitive to subtle patterns of qualitative Bayesian, probabilistic reasoning. In Chapters 1-4 of Bayesian Rationality (Oaksford & Chater 2007), the case is made that cognition in general, and human everyday reasoning in particular, is best viewed as solving probabilistic, rather than logical, inference problems. In Chapters 5-7 the psychology of "deductive" reasoning is tackled head-on: It is argued that purportedly "logical" reasoning problems, revealing apparently irrational behaviour, are better understood from a probabilistic point of view. Data from conditional reasoning, Wason's selection task, and syllogistic inference are captured by recasting these problems probabilistically. The probabilistic approach makes a variety of novel predictions which have been experimentally confirmed. The book considers the implications of this work, and the wider "probabilistic turn" in cognitive science and artificial intelligence, for understanding human rationality.
Dietary Fats, Carbohydrates and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Authors: Robert B. McGandy, D.M. Hegsted, F. J. Stare
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THERE is considerable evidence relating nutrition, presumably through its influence on the levels of circulating lipids, to the relentless progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease and to the well known clinical sequelae that plague contemporary, highly developed societies. Unfortunately, it is difficult to unravel the precise and unique role of diet or of blood lipids in a disease in which a great many other factors are known to be involved — a severe limitation to descriptive clinical and epidemiologic studies. On the other hand, since dietary alterations can significantly influence blood lipids, nutrition may be of some importance in the treatment . . .
Oxysterol sulfation by cytosolic sulfotransferase suppresses liver X receptor/sterol regulatory element binding protein–1c signaling pathway and reduces serum and hepatic lipids in mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Qianming Bai, Xin Zhang, Leyuan Xu, Genta Kakiyama, Douglas Heuman, Arun Sanyal, William M. Pandak, Lianhua Yin, Wen Xie, Shunlin Ren
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Zidovudine in Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: Dominique Costagliola
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 February 1996Zidovudine in Patients with HIV InfectionDominique Costagliola, PhD and Murielle Mary-Krause, PhDDominique Costagliola, PhDFaculte de medecine Saint-Antoine; Paris, Cedex 12; FranceSearch for more papers by this author and Murielle Mary-Krause, PhDFaculte de medecine Saint-Antoine; Paris, Cedex 12; FranceSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-3-199602010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent paper, Ioannidis and colleagues [1] concluded that early initiation of zidovudine therapy offers a benefit that decreases over time. We believe that the data presented do not support that conclusion. Our major concern is the number of trials selected in which the number of patients lost to follow-up was high compared with the number of primary end point events (Table 1). Ioannidis and colleagues stated that “although these deviations and withdrawals do not appear large enough to markedly influence the results, they may affect the precision of the data.” When the ratio of the ...References1. Ioannidis JP, Cappelleri JC, Lau J, Skolnik PR, Melville B, Chalmers TC, et al. Early or deferred zidovudine therapy in HIV-infected patients without an AIDS-defining illness. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:856-66. Google Scholar2. Meinert CL, Tonascia S. Clinical Trials. Design, Conduct and Analysis. Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics. v. 8. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1986. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Dominique Costagliola, PhD; Murielle Mary-Krause, PhDAffiliations: Faculte de medecine Saint-Antoine; Paris, Cedex 12; France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHow does loss to follow-up influence cohort findings on HIV infection? A joint analysis of the French hospital database on HIV, Mortalité 2000 survey and death certificatesPredictors and Impact of Patients Lost to Follow-Up in a Long-Term Randomized Trial of Immediate Versus Deferred Antiretroviral Treatment 1 February 1996Volume 124, Issue 3 Page: 372 Keywords Clinical trials HIV infections Medical risk factors ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Psychical Phenomena in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Psychoses
Authors: S. Karagulla, E. E. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<b>Intragraft DSA can be found in explanted lungs of patients with chronic lung allograft dysfunction in the absence of circulating DSA. New diagnostic approaches to assess for intragraft DSA may add to our diagnostic arsenal in treating AMR.</b>http://bit.ly/31kS00b
Tetanus: Prophylaxe und Therapie
Authors: Ralph Spaeth
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The author reviews the theoretical and practical aspects of the prophylaxis and therapy of tetanus. An extensive bibliography is appended. Of practical interest is the experimental demonstration, in rabbits, that repeated injections of tetanus antitoxin from a constant or shifting animal donor source accelerate the loss of antibody from the circulation. Extensive immunologic studies validate the simultaneous injection, at different sites, of antitoxin and toxoid. Discussion of the superiority of "depot" toxoids, of three instead of two doses, optimal doses, and intervals between injections, and the almost indefinite survival of the anamnestic reaction to second and later injections of toxoid is delineated in terms of immunologic data. With a fundamentally sound background definition of "immune" and "nonimmune" status, a well-conceived program for the prophylaxis of tetanus is formulated. Of acute interest is the condemnation of seroprophylaxis in the presence of burns involving more than 20% of the body surface. The
Abstract A55: Histone deacetylase inhibitors as differentiation agents in breast cancer cells
Authors: Houssam Ismail, Martine Bail, David Laperrière, Khalid Hilmi, Sylvie Mader
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract FOXA1 and GATA3 are two luminal lineage transcription factors that form a cross-regulatory transcriptional network that controls the morphogenesis of the mammary gland and regulates estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Approximately two thirds of breast tumors overexpress ER at the time of diagnosis. Antiestrogen therapy has been effective in blocking the proliferative effects of ER, but unfortunately a significant proportion of patients will relapse due to resistance. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been shown to suppress ER expression in ER+ breast cancer cells and are currently being tested in clinical trials in combination with antiestrogens for treatment of ER+ breast tumors. Here, we report that the HDACi Trichostatin A (TSA) abrogates the expression of FOXA1 and GATA3, as well as that of ER in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Using gene expression microarrays, we observed that several markers of lactogenic differentiation including the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway were induced by TSA treatment. Moreover, expression of ER, FOXA1 and GATA3 is reduced during lactation in the mouse mammary gland. Finally, overexpression of GATA3 in MCF-7 cells reduced the TSA-mediated induction of lactogenic markers, suggesting that GATA3 may act as a repressor of lactogenic differentiation. Altogether, our studies suggest that HDACi treatment partially mimics differentiation events taking place in ER+ cells during lactogenesis. Future experiments will examine the mechanisms and clinical relevance of the differentiation properties of HDACis. Citation Format: Houssam Ismail, Martine Bail, David Laperrière, Khalid Hilmi, Sylvie Mader. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as differentiation agents in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A55.
Poor nations' health systems must be boosted to improve maternal and newborn health, Unicef says
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Health systems in poor countries, especially in Africa and south Asia, need to be substantially strengthened to improve care of the newborn and to reduce mortality in women during pregnancy and childbirth, a Unicef report says. “Every year more than half a million women die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth complications, including about 70 000 girls and young women aged 15 to 19,” said Ann Veneman, Unicef’s executive director.

“Since 1990, complications related to pregnancy and childbirth have killed an estimated 10 million women,” she said.

The report says that most maternal and neonatal deaths can be averted through interventions that have been proved to work.

Essential services that are needed, it says, include better nutrition and safe water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities; adequate …
Factors Affecting Staphylococcal Colonization Among NIDDM Outpatients
Authors: Benjiamin A Lipsky, Roger E Pecoraro, Mei S Chen, Thomas D Koepsell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Because colonization with Staphylococcus aureus probably predisposes to staphylococcal infections, we examined several factors that may be associated with staphylococcal carriage in outpatients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in nondiabetic controls. Nose and skin carrier rates for 59 diabetic patients were significantly greater (30.5%) than for 44 controls (11.4%) (P = .02), but rates did not differ significantly between diabetic patients who injected insulin (31.0%) and those who did not (30.0%). Among the diabetic patients, staphylococcal colonization was not significantly correlated (P &amp;gt; .05) with recent antibiotic treatment, age, race, or clinical duration of diabetes but was inversely correlated (P &amp;lt; .03) with glycemic control, as measured by fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Hospitalization in the previous year was also associated with staphylococcal colonization, and it was significantly more common among the diabetic patients than the controls; however, this did not account for the increased colonization rates observed. Our results in a well-characterized population confirm an increased rate of staphylococcal colonization among diabetic as compared with nondiabetic outpatients but demonstrate that neither injections of insulin nor various pertinent demographic factors explain this finding.
Bacterial resistance: changing patterns of some common pathogens.
Authors: J E Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (1973)

unlikely that any entirely new antibiotic remains to be dis- covered,' and it is uncertain for how long chemical manipu- lation of existing antimicrobial drugs will suffice to meet the capacity of bacteria to adapt to them.Those antimicrobials which remain effective must be used wisely therefore-not only in the treatment of individual patients, but also for the ultimate benefit of the community.Sound chemotherapy rests on bacteriological guidance, much of which derives from the continuing observation of the changing patterns of bacterial resistance.This article is concerned with their present trend and its implications for antimicrobial therapy. Drug Response of BacteriaThe response of bacteria to chemotherapeutic drugs-the on 22 July
Case 17-1962
Authors: Gordon S. Myers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseA thirty-five-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a convulsion.Six months previously the patient's wife noticed that he required more sleep. A chronic cough became more severe during the three months before entry, when he experienced increasing weakness, dyspnea on exertion and a loss in weight. Several drenching night sweats and daily mild frontal headaches occurred during the three weeks before admission, and he became feverish and progressively weaker. Two weeks before entry he began to have intermittent, moderately severe substernal pain with pleuritic features. On the day of admission he had a grand-mal . . .
Protein content of gastric juice: Part I A study of the validity of the biuret reaction in determining protein concentration after peptic digestion and acid hydrolysis of protein
Authors: D. W. Piper, E. M. Griffith, B. H. Fenton, D. Beeston
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Initially it is demonstrated that the biuret method is an accurate method of determining protein concentration when the protein has been subjected to varying degrees of acid hydrolysis and peptic digestion.Using continuous gastric suction, and the biuret method of measur- ing protein concentration, the protein content of gastric juice in a series of conditions was deter- mined.Gastric cancer patients have a higher basal protein concentration than control subjects and duodenal ulcer patients and gastric ulcer patients have a higher protein concentration than duodenal ulcer patients.In stimulated gastric juice, duodenal ulcer patients have a lower protein concentration than gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma patients and control subjects.The basal protein outputs were similar in the four groups studied.There was no correlation between the protein and D.N.A. content of gastric juice.The protein lost into the stomach may vary between 1 and 16 g.per day.
HESteria or hype?
Authors: N. Scott, G. Williams, M. Parker
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Colorectal surgery subjects the old, weak, and frail to major physical trauma to cure cancer and abdominal sepsis. The reoperation rate of 6.5% for English colorectal units (based on 250 000 observations) is comparable with US centres, but so what?1

What makes a story is to drill down to 175 individual trusts and the apparent …
Cultured heart cell reaggregate model for studying cardiac toxicology.
Authors: N Sperelakis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

This review represents a summary of the technique of using cultured heart cells as a model system for studying the physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry and toxicology of myocardial cells. The general techniques and types of culture preparations commonly used are given and some of the advantages and disadvantages of working with cultured heart cells are summarized.
Evaluation of Dose Efficacy of Treatment with Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin And Simvastatin in Patients with Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Orhan Demir, Serdar Sevimli, Hüsnü Değirmenci, Hakan Duman, Eftal Murat Bakırcı, Selami Demirelli, Hikmet Hamur
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)