tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trauma to the Urinary Tract
Authors: J. P. Mitchell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

IN recent years the surgical approach to trauma of the urinary tract has become more conservative. In 86 per cent of renal injuries recovery will ultimately be so complete that no residual deformity can be detected on intravenous pyelography six months or more after the injury. Excluding cases with associated abnormalities, such as a hydronephrosis discovered by pyelography at the time of injury, the nephrectomy rate today is less than 3.3 per cent.1 The indications for exploring a renal injury are limited to rapid deterioration of the patient's general condition or a penetrating wound that converts the surrounding hematoma into . . .
Symptomatic Ulceration of an Acid-Producing Oesophageal Inlet Patch Colonized by Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: M. Byrne, K. Sheehan, E. Kay, S. Patchett
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus is also known as an inlet patch and has a prevalence at endoscopy estimated at 2 - 4 % [1]. These lesions are usually asymptomatic and clinically unimportant [2] [3], but are occasionally symptomatic with dysphagia or heartburn or they may rarely ulcerate, perforate or bleed [4] [5]. In this report, we describe symptomatic ulceration in an inlet patch in the cervical oesophagus of a 33-year-old man, who had a 6-month history of right-sided neck swelling, heartburn, mild dysphagia when swallowing saliva, and a sore throat. Gastroscopy showed normal stomach, duodenal cap and lower oesophagus, but on withdrawal of the endoscope two areas of "salmon"-coloured mucosa in the upper oesophagus were seen, in a "kissing" distribution on the lateral walls of the oesophagus, 20 cm from the lips. Within one patch there was an ulcer (Figure [1]). There was no history of pill ingestion. Histological examination showed gastric-type glandular mucosa (parietal cells present) with acute and chronic inflammation and ulceration.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of lapatinib administered once daily in combination with tamoxifen.
Authors: F Cardoso, KM Koch, A Awada, F Lokiec, E Brain, J Bogaerts, S Marreaud, S Chung, V Campello, P Fumoleau
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2073 Background: The pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability of daily oral dosing with lapatinib (LAP) and tamoxifen (TAM) in patients (pts) with advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are examined in this study. Optimal dose selection requires characterization of PK to accommodate the potential for a bi-directional PK interaction involving LAP inhibition and TAM induction of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (Pgp).&amp;#x2028; Methods: Twenty three previously treated pts with ER and/or PR positive MBC, not ErbB selected, were randomly assigned to one of two groups, to separately assess each direction of the potential PK interaction at steady state during daily dosing of 1250mg LAP and 20mg TAM. In one group, the PK of LAP is assessed on the 14th day of dosing LAP alone, and again on the 28th day dosing of LAP and TAM together. In the other group, the PK of TAM is assessed on the 28th day of dosing TAM alone, and on the 7th day of dosing TAM and LAP together. LAP and TAM are dosed together throughout subsequent 28 day cycles.&amp;#x2028; Results: To date 23 pts have been enrolled with a median age of 58 (38-83) and a median PS of 1. Preliminary PK data for LAP from six patients summarized in the table below showing geometric median (95% confidence limits) parameters indicate that LAP plasma concentrations are decreased by TAM. Final PK analysis will be presented at the meeting. To date, the most common adverse events at cycle 1 were: fatigue gr1/2 (100%), diarrhoea gr 1/2 (53%), rash gr 1 (40%), anorexia gr 1 (40 %) and nausea gr1/2 (40 %). Transaminase elevation (SGPT/ALT) increased from 3 pts at baseline to 6 pts at cycle 1 including one gr3.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions: The preliminary PK results are consistent with data indicating TAM induces hepatic CYP3A, the primary route of LAP elimination. This important information may impact in ongoing adjuvant lapatinib studies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2073.
Evaluation of the Public Health Risks Associated with Semivolatile Metal and Dioxin Emissions from Hazardous Waste Incinerators
Authors: Richard M. Sedman, John R. Esparza
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The public health impacts associated with stack emissions from hazardous waste incinerators have become a major concern in recent years. Most evaluations of incinerator stack emissions have focused on three classes of compounds: metals, semivolatile, and volatile compounds. These investigations have been complicated by the difficulty and expense of analyzing the emissions and the limited amount of toxicity information for many of the compounds that have been detected. The results of over 20 trial burns at hazardous waste incinerators were assembled in an attempt to determine which compounds may pose a significant threat to the public health. The risks associated with semivolatile emissions were found to be inconsequential, although further study of dioxins and dibenzofurans emissions appears to be warranted. The risk associated with the emission of cadmium and perhaps chromium (VI) may pose a significant risk to public health at certain facilities. Controls on waste feed or air pollution control devices should be employed to reduce the emission of these metals. Any monitoring of metal emissions from hazardous waste incinerators should focus on cadmium and chromium (VI).
Occult pneumococcal bacteraemia and febrile convulsions.
Authors: P McIntyre, F Harris
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Over two years 29 children had bacteraemia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae at this hospital. In 15 previously healthy children the site of infection could not be identified, and in most of them, bacteraemia was not suspected clinically. All 15 had high total white cell (greater than or equal to 17 x 10(9)/1) and neutrophil (greater than or equal to 11 x 10(9)/1) counts. Twelve children were under 4 years of age, and of these, 10 had been admitted because of a simple febrile convulsion and one had a prolonged febrile convulsion. Occult pneumococcal bacteraemia has been reported in the USA for more than 10 years, but no series has been reported from the United Kingdom. Occult pneumococcal bacteraemia may be an important cause of febrile convulsions. Persisting bacteraemia and the development of focal infections, including pneumococcal meningitis, have been reported. Meningitis did not occur after occult bacteraemia in our patients. Studies to date have been retrospective, and thus the true incidence of the complications and the best treatment are not clear. A prospective study of children with febrile convulsions could provide answers.
Varenicline for smoking cessation
Authors: M. Harrison-Woolrych
Journal: BMJ (2012)

What can we learn from the story so far? 

The public health burden of smoking is so enormous it is not surprising that varenicline—the most recently approved drug for smoking cessation—has been prescribed so widely and discussed extensively. A linked paper by Svanstrom and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.e7176) further explores the association between use of varenicline and the occurrence of serious cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, ischaemic stroke, and death from cardiovascular disease.1 

Varenicline (Champix, Chantix) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2006, and from that date until July 2011 about 8.9 million patients received 21.8 million prescriptions for this drug from outpatient retail pharmacies in the United States.2 Widespread prescribing of varenicline has also occurred elsewhere. In New Zealand, for example, its use increased steadily (to about 13 000 patients) during the first three years of marketing and then doubled in the fourth year (to almost 24 000 patients) after subsidisation by the government’s pharmaceutical management agency (unpublished data from New Zealand Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme). 

Against this background of increasing worldwide use of varenicline, postmarketing surveillance and other research have identified and investigated several safety concerns. Reported adverse effects of varenicline include psychiatric effects,3 4 suicide and suicidal ideation, …
Report Predicts Fewer Uninsured but More Growth in Health Spending
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in human synovial cells by β2-microglobulin
Authors: Kiyoshi Migita, Masahiro Tominaga, Tomoki Origuchi, Yojiro Kawabe, Takahiko Aoyagi, Satoshi Urayama, Satoshi Yamasaki, Ayumi Hida, Atsushi Kawakami, Katsumi Eguchi
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Somatic Activation of AKT3 Causes Hemispheric Developmental Brain Malformations
Authors: Annapurna Poduri, Gilad D. Evrony, Xuyu Cai, Princess Christina Elhosary, Rameen Beroukhim, Maria K. Lehtinen, L. Benjamin Hills, Erin L. Heinzen, Anthony Hill, R. Sean Hill, Brenda J. Barry, Blaise F.D. Bourgeois, James J. Riviello, A. James Barkovich, Peter M. Black, Keith L. Ligon, Christopher A. Walsh
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Anaphylaxis: Clinical patterns, mediator release, and severity
Authors: Simon G.A. Brown, Shelley F. Stone, Daniel M. Fatovich, Sally A. Burrows, Anna Holdgate, Antonio Celenza, Adam Coulson, Leanne Hartnett, Yusuf Nagree, Claire Cotterell, Geoffrey K. Isbister
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Diminished mixed lymphocyte reaction in ankylosing spondylitis, relatives, and normal individuals all with HL-A 27.
Authors: B Nikbin, D A Brewerton, D C James, J R Hobbs
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

The mixed lymphocyte reaction against a pool of blocked lymphocytes was studied in individuals with and without HL-A 27, including controls, spouses, parents, sibs, and offspring, and patients with ankylosing spondylitis. In controls without HL-A 27 the mean increment of counts perminute was 46,630 compared with 29,860 in asymptomatic controls and relatives with HL-A 27 and 26,277 in spondylitic patients with HL-A 27. The mean response was also reduced to 34,902 in sibs and offspring without HL-A 27, and to 20,916 in three patients with spondylitis in the absence of HL-A 27.
TCT-582 Association Of Coronary And Carotid Artery Plaque Composition By Intravascular Ultrasound Virtual Histology With Stent Restenosis And Plaque Progression
Authors: Dace Sondore, Karlis Strenge, Karlis Trusinskis, Inga Narbute, Sanda Jegere, Andrejs Erglis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Increasing the Low-Glucose Alarm of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Prevents Exercise-Induced Hypoglycemia Without Triggering Any False Alarms
Authors: Katherine E. Iscoe, Raymond J. Davey, Paul A. Fournier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The use of continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMSs) with low-glucose alarms is advocated as a means to decrease the risk of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. Unfortunately, marked mismatches between CGMS readings and actual blood glucose (BG) concentrations limit the usefulness of CGMS in preventing hypoglycemia (1). Although we showed recently that raising the alarm level to compensate for this mismatch decreases the incidence and duration of hypoglycemic episodes, this results in an unacceptably high rate of false alarms (1), defined as an alarm triggered when BG levels are greater than the alarm threshold. This is an important issue because repeated exposure to false alarms can discourage individuals from using their CGMSs (2). Given that CGMSs overestimate BG levels when they rapidly decline (3,4), we propose that raising the CGMS alarm …
Use of Ames test in evaluation of shale oil fractions.
Authors: R A Pelroy, M R Petersen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Conditions that affect the sensitivity of the Ames assay of complex hydrocarbon mixtures derived from shale oil were studied. Two fractions, one enriched in polynuclear aromatic compounds (PNA fraction), and a second fraction enriched in aromatic and heterocyclic amines (basic fraction), were selected for most of this work because of their comparatively high mutagenicity (i.e., compared with raw shale oil). The crude shale oil, as well as the basic, PNA, and tar fractions were mutagenic against the Salmonella typhimurium test strains, TA98 and TA100. Mutation was dependent on metabolic activation by microsomal (S9) enzymes. Both test strains responded equally well to the crude product and to the basic fraction; however, strain TA100 was more effective than TA198 in demonstrating the mutagenicity of the PNA fraction. The mutagenicity of the tar fraction could be most easily detected after metabolic activation in a liquid medium, as opposed to S9 activation in the top agar of the standard Ames assay. The mutagenicity of the basic fraction or 2-aminoanthracene was also demonstrated by metabolic activation in a liquid medium. In other set of experiments, the effect of chemical composition on the expression of mutagenicity in the standard Ames assay was estimated. Premutagens requiring metabolic activation were added to the basic and PNA fractions, and the numbers of revertants obtained in the presence of the fractions were compared with mutation induced by the compounds alone. The basic fraction did not interfere with the mutagenicity of 2-aminoanthracene and 7,9 dimethylbenz[c]acridine. Moreover, in certain experiments, the mutagenicity of the complex fraction plus the added compound was higher than expected on the basis of assays performed on these materials separately. Conversely, the PNA fraction prevented or strongly inhibited mutation by several polynuclear aroumatic compounds, and an acridine. However, the PNA fraction did not inhibit mutation induced by 2-aminoanthracene. The effect of the basic fraction on stability of the S9 enzymes in the standard Ames test was also determined.
Trends in cardiovascular mortality in Spanish-surnamed, other white, and black persons in Texas, 1970--1975.
Authors: J A Kautz, B S Bradshaw, E Fonner
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Certain categories of cardiovascular disease have significantly declined recently as causes of death. In the present investigation we describe the variation in cardiovascular mortality in Texas by ethnicity, age and sex during 1970--1975 using age-standardized proportional mortality ratios. Specifically, the question of whether the three major ethnic groups in Texas have shared equally in any changes in cardiovascular mortality is examined. Several subcategories of cardiovascular mortality are considered. Among the sex-ethnic groups both ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction mortality declined less among Spanish-surnamed males and females than in their other white and black counterparts. Chronic ischemic heart disease increased in relative importance for all groups except Spanish-surnamed females, in whom it decreased. There was no significant decrease in cerebrovascular disease mortality among Spanish-surnamed males or females as there was in the other groups. These results suggest that important differences in cause-structure of mortality are occurring in the ethnic subpopulations of Texas.
Autologous stem cell transplantation in patients of 70 years and older with multiple myeloma: Results from a matched pair analysis
Authors: Shaji K. Kumar, David Dingli, Martha Q. Lacy, Angela Dispenzieri, Suzanne R. Hayman, Francis K. Buadi, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Mark R. Litzow, Morie A. Gertz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDT) have been shown to prolong survival in multiple myeloma (MM) in randomized trials, but only included patients of 65 years or younger. Given the median age at diagnosis of 66 years, it is important to have a better understanding of the outcome of transplantation in the older patients. We identified 33 patients with MM, who were > or =70 years at the time of their HDT. We matched them to a group of 60 patients, 65 years or younger, (two controls for each patient), based on time to transplant, disease status at transplant, Durie-Salmon stage, labeling index, presence of cytogenetic abnormalities, and presence of circulating plasma cells. The median age of the two groups were 55.6 (range, 37.3-64.9) and 71.7 (range 70-75.8) years at transplant. Although more of the older patients received dose reduced melphalan, the overall response rate was similar (97% vs. 98%) as was the median time to progression (28.5 months vs. 17.8 months, P = 0.7) for the elderly group compared to the younger patients. The median overall survival from transplant was not reached for the elderly patient group compared to 53.2 months for the younger patients, P = 0.7. HDT is feasible in selected patients with multiple myeloma over 70 years. The toxicity of transplant as well as the outcome appears comparable to younger patients. Patients with MM should not be excluded from HDT solely on the basis of their chronological age.
ALCOHOLIC INSANITIES.A STUDY OF FOUR HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SEVEN CASES.
Authors: ALFRED GORDON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The subject of alcoholism is one of the most important. The pernicious influence that alcohol exercises on the individual's physical, intellectual and moral spheres of life shows that this poison presents a serious danger to society. Diametrically opposite views have been held as to the advisability of the use of a moderate amount of alcohol as a daily habit. The most recent researches of Reid Hunt1throw considerable light on the physiologic side of the question and show in the most conclusive manner that even extremely moderate amounts of alcohol may cause distinct changes in certain physiologic functions and that under certain circumstances these changes may be injurious to the body; certain physiologic processes even in moderate drinkers are distinctly different from those in abstainers.  Alcohol has a special predilection for the nervous system. We will not be concerned here with the pathologic changes produced by the poison in
Abstract 5485: mTOR inhibition promotes autophagy that reduces chemosensitivity and is partially restored by chloroquine
Authors: Shengbing Huang, Chunrong Yu, Frank A. Sinicrope
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase forms two multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which regulate cell growth, cell survival, and autophagy. We determined whether mTOR inhibition can induce cytoprotective autophagy resulting in anti-cancer drug resistance, and whether inhibition of autophagy using the lysomotrophic agent, chloroquine, can restore chemosensitivity. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS. Inhibition of mTOR was accomplished in human colon cancer cells (HT-29, DLD1) using lentiviral shRNA or by AZD8055, a TORC1 and TORC2 kinase inhibitor. These cells were then incubated with 5-FU (0-100 µM) or CPT-11 (0-20 µM) alone and in combination with chloroquine. LC3I/II expression, phospho-histone H2A.X (a DNA damage marker), and caspase cleavage were analyzed by Western blotting using highly specific antibodies, and clonogenic survival assays were also performed. RESULTS. AZD8055 was shown to attenuate caspase-3 and -9 cleavage and to suppress the expression of phospho-histone H2A.X induced by 5-FU or CPT-11 in colon cancer cells. AZD8055 was also found to antagonize the ability of 5-FU to inhibit clonogenic survival. Similarly, shRNA knockdown of mTOR attenuated 5-FU-induced caspase cleavage and phospho-histone H2A.X expression. Inhibition of mTOR by AZD8055 or shRNA enhanced the conversion of the autophagosome-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) from a cytosolic (LC3I) to a membrane-bound (LC3II) form, consistent with induction of autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine was shown to attenuate the ability of AZD8055 to suppress 5-FU-induced caspase cleavage. Consistent with this result, chloroquine sensitized DLD1 cells to AZD8055 and 5-FU in a clonogenic survival assay. CONCLUSION. Inhibition of mTOR can protect colon cancer cells from DNA damage induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy. This cytoprotection was due, in part, to induction of pro-survival autophagy since chloroquine was able to partially restore chemosensitivity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5485. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5485
Injury and Repair of the Musculoskeletal Soft Tissues
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1988)

As part of its continuing stewardship of American orthopedics, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has published a number of texts, resource and study guides, bibliographies, and instructional course lectures for orthopedic practitioners. The latest addition to this catalog, and the first in the Academy's new symposium series, is<i>Injury and Repair of the Musculoskeletal Soft Tissues</i>. The book is the result of a June 1987 workshop on musculoskeletal softtissue injury and repair, sponsored conjointly by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the Academy. The workshop was convened to remedy present neglect of systematic investigation and study of musculoskeletal soft tissues and their injuries. This book, a happy blending of clinical and basic science, succeeds admirably in documenting successful accomplishment of this goal. In the text, the musculoskeletal soft tissues are studied in nine groups: tendon, ligament, insertions, myotendinous junction, skeletal muscle, peripheral nerve, peripheral