tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Interleukin 2 Receptor α Chain/CD25 Promoter Is a Target for Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells
Authors: Kai Schuh, Thomas Twardzik, Burkhard Kneitz, Jörg Heyer, Anneliese Schimpl, Edgar Serfling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The expression of the murine interleukin (IL)-2 receptor alpha chain/CD25 is strongly induced at the transcriptional level after T cell activation. We show here that nuclear factor of activated T cell (NF-AT) factors are involved in the control of CD25 promoter induction in T cells. NF-ATp and NF-ATc bind to two sites around positions -585 and -650 located upstream of the proximal CD25 promoter. Immediately 3' from these NF-AT motifs, nonconsensus sites are located for the binding of AP-1-like factors. Mutations of sites that suppress NF-AT binding impair the induction and strong NF-ATp-mediated transactivation of the CD25 promoter in T cells. In T lymphocytes from NF-ATp-deficient mice, the expression of CD25 is severely impaired, leading to a delayed IL-2 receptor expression after T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 stimulation. Our data indicate an important role for NF-AT in the faithful expression of high affinity IL-2 receptors and a close link between the TCR-mediated induction of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor alpha chain promoters, both of which are regulated by NF-AT factors.
Endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease.
Authors: P R Salmon
Journal: Gut (1975)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Schizophrenia is well-known to be associated with hippocampal structural abnormalities. We used <sup>1</sup>H-MR spectroscopy to test the hypothesis that these abnormalities are accompanied by NAA deficits, reflecting neuronal dysfunction, in patients compared with healthy controls. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> Nineteen patients with schizophrenia (11 men; mean age, 40.6 ± 10.1 years; mean disease duration, 19.5 ± 10.5 years) and 11 matched healthy controls (5 men; mean age, 33.7 ± 10.1 years) underwent MR imaging and multivoxel point-resolved spectroscopy (TE/TR, 35/1400 ms) <sup>1</sup>H-MRS at 3T to obtain their hippocampal GM absolute NAA, Cr, Cho, and mIns concentrations. Unequal variance <i>t</i> tests and ANCOVA were used to compare patients with controls. Bilateral volumes from manually outlined hippocampal masks were compared by using unequal variance <i>t</i> tests. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Patients9 average hippocampal GM Cr concentrations were 19% higher than that of controls, 8.7 ± 2.2 versus 7.4 ± 1.2 mmol/L (<i>P</i> &lt; .05); showing no differences, concentrations in NAA were 8.8 ± 1.6 versus 8.7 ± 1.2 mmol/L; in Cho, 2.3 ± 0.7 versus 2.1 ± 0.3 mmol/L; and in mIns, 6.1 ± 1.5 versus 5.2 ± 0.9 (all <i>P</i> &gt; .1). There was a positive correlation between mIns and Cr in patients (<i>r</i> = 0.57, <i>P</i> = .05) but not in controls. The mean bilateral hippocampal volume was ∼10% lower in patients: 7.5 ± 0.9 versus 8.4 ± 0.7 cm<sup>3</sup> (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> These findings suggest that the hippocampal volume deficit in schizophrenia is not due to net loss of neurons, in agreement with histopathology studies but not with prior <sup>1</sup>H-MR spectroscopy reports. Elevated Cr is consistent with hippocampal hypermetabolism, and its correlation with mIns may also suggest an inflammatory process affecting some cases; these findings may suggest treatment targets and markers to monitor them.
Nifedipine Therapy for Coronary-Artery Spasm
Authors: Elliott Antman, James Muller, Sheldon Goldberg, Rex Macalpin, Melvyn Rubenfire, Bernard Tabatznik, Chang Seng Liang, Fred Heupler, Stephen Achuff, Nathaniel Reicher, Edward Geltman, Nicholas Z. Kerin, Raymond K. Neff, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We report clinical experience with the coronary vasodilator nifedipine in 127 patients with symptoms of myocardial ischemia associated with electrocardiographic or angiographic evidence, or both, of coronary-artery spasm. In the majority of patients conventional antianginal therapy including nitrates and beta-adrenergic blockers failed, and in one third of the patients at least one episode of ventricular tachycardia developed during an attack of angina. Nifedipine (40 to 160 mg every 24 hours) significantly reduced the mean weekly rate of anginal attacks from 16 to two (P less than 0.001). Similar marked reductions in the nitroglycerin requirement were noted. In 63 per cent of the patients complete control of anginal attacks was achieved, and in 87 per cent the frequency of angina was reduced by at least 50 per cent. Nifedipine was generally well tolerated, with only 5 per cent of the patients requiring termination of the drug because of intolerable side effects. This experience with nifedipine suggests that it is a highly effective drug for the treatment of coronary-artery spasm and variant angina.
Coexistence of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Richard A. Oberfield
Journal: JAMA (1966)

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC leukemia and Hodgkin's disease are usually regarded as distinct neoplastic entities and only rarely have occurred simultaneously in the same patient. It is the purpose in this report to document their coincidence in a middle-aged woman. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old white married woman was first admitted to the University Hospital of the New York University Medical Center on Jan 25, 1959, for evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy. Six years before admission, small, firm, tender neck swellings had developed which waxed and waned in size. In the past year, the patient was treated for both a pneumonitis and a right-ear infection. The most striking feature on physical examination was generalized lymphadenopathy. There were 1 to 2 cm, rubbery and movable cervical nodes, a right axillary node 1.5 cm in size, several left axillary nodes measuring 1 to 3 cm, and inguinal nodes measuring 4 to 5 cm. Examination
Inoculation of Human Volunteers with E.C.H.O. Virus Type 20
Authors: F. E. Buckland, M. L. Bynoe, L. Rosen, D. A. J. Tyrrell
Journal: BMJ (1961)

VIRUS ISOLArIONS FROM COMMON COLDS Br 3 If, on the other hand, we deal only with those washings which produced colds in volunteers and consider how many viruses we could cultivate from them, we obtain the figure of 6/10, or 60%.This may be too high a value, as they do not represent a fair sample: some of the washings were tested in volunteers because we had already obtained a cultivable virus from them.We may perhaps expect the true figure to be between 25 and 50%, though it is likely that in some places and at some times cultivable or non-cultivable viruses will tend to prevail.Summary Cytopathic viruses have been isolated from 25 nasal washings taken from subjects suffering from colds.Nine of these viruses apparently caused colds in human volunteers.Five washings from which cytopathic viruses were not isolated were shown to cause colds in volunteers.Washings were collected from a patient during four colds which occurred in a three-year period.The washings were shown to contain three distinct agents, two of which were cytopathic.There is preliminary evidence suggesting that different agents cause colds with slightly different clinical patterns, and induce the production of specific neutralizing antibodies.We are indebted to the volunteers for their willing and conscientious co-operation, and to Miss J. Bullock for help with the clinical observations.We thank Dr. C. H.
<scp>l</scp>-2-Hydroxyglutarate: An Epigenetic Modifier and Putative Oncometabolite in Renal Cancer
Authors: Eun-Hee Shim, Carolina B. Livi, Dinesh Rakheja, Jubilee Tan, Daniel Benson, Vishwas Parekh, Eun-Young Kho, Arindam P. Ghosh, Richard Kirkman, Sadanan Velu, Shilpa Dutta, Balachandra Chenna, Shane L. Rea, Robert J. Mishur, Qiuhua Li, Teresa L. Johnson-Pais, Lining Guo, Sejong Bae, Shi Wei, Karen Block, Sunil Sudarshan
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Abstract Through unbiased metabolomics, we identified elevations of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). 2HG can inhibit 2-oxoglutaratre (2-OG)–dependent dioxygenases that mediate epigenetic events, including DNA and histone demethylation. 2HG accumulation, specifically the d enantiomer, can result from gain-of-function mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1, IDH2) found in several different tumors. In contrast, kidney tumors demonstrate elevations of the l enantiomer of 2HG (l-2HG). High-2HG tumors demonstrate reduced DNA levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), consistent with 2HG-mediated inhibition of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, which convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5hmC. l-2HG elevation is mediated in part by reduced expression of l-2HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH). L2HGDH reconstitution in RCC cells lowers l-2HG and promotes 5hmC accumulation. In addition, L2HGDH expression in RCC cells reduces histone methylation and suppresses in vitro tumor phenotypes. Our report identifies l-2HG as an epigenetic modifier and putative oncometabolite in kidney cancer. Significance: Here, we report elevations of the putative oncometabolite l-2HG in the most common subtype of kidney cancer and describe a novel mechanism for the regulation of DNA 5hmC levels. Our findings provide new insight into the metabolic basis for the epigenetic landscape of renal cancer. Cancer Discov; 4(11); 1290–8. ©2014 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1243
Clinical-cytogenetic associations in 306 patients with therapy-related myelodysplasia and myeloid leukemia: the University of Chicago series
Authors: Sonali M. Smith, Michelle M. Le Beau, Dezheng Huo, Theodore Karrison, Ronald M. Sobecks, John Anastasi, James W. Vardiman, Janet D. Rowley, Richard A. Larson
Journal: Blood (2003)
<i>In Vivo</i> Tracking of Expression Levels of Human Growth Factors Secreted by Human ADRCs in a Murine Fat Graft Model.
Authors: M. Zhu, M. Eguchi, S. Xu, C. Eguchi, J. Fraser, K. Pinkernell
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Our previously published data show that Adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) enhance the long term retention of autologous fat grafting compared to non-cell-enhanced grafts. To further understand the time course of growth factor expression of ADRCs, we developed an in vivo xenogenic fat graft model.Materials and Methods: Male NCR nude mice were used as recipients to avoid immune rejection of human ADRCs. Inguinal fat pads from male C57Bl6 mice were minced and used as donor fat for transplantation. Human ADRCs from three healthy donors were isolated using the automated Celution® 800/CRS System (Cytori Therapeutics, San Diego, USA) and mixed with minced mouse fat at a concentration of 5x10E5/ml. The mixture was grafted into the dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. Grafted samples were harvested at day 0, day 1, day 7, day 14, day 28, day 56 and day 84, for a total of seven different time points (N=4 per time point). DNA and RNA was isolated for further human-specific detection of IGF-1 and VEGF-A and human-specific single copy DNA using real time RT-PCR. All data were normalized to time 0 samples as 100%.Results: Both of human IGF-1 and VEGF-A expression were detected in the first two weeks after fat grafting, and each of the human growth factor showed its unique pattern. For IGF-1, the highest expression level of 100±7.5% was detected at time 0 with a decline to 0.9±0.7% that was maintained for two weeks. By day 14 only 0.22% of the original signal was detected and no more signal could be detected after day 28. In contrast, on day 1 VEGF-A expression showed an increase to 212±82.6% of the time 0 value. It further declined to 30±23% on day 7 and 8.7±11.7% on day 14. After day 28 no more VEGF-A expression could be detected. The engraftment of ADRCs, measured by DNA content, declined to 12±10.7% on day 1 and remained at around 1% until day 14. By day 28, only 0.14% of human DNA signal could be detected and no more signal could be found after day 56.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that this xenogenic approach allows the evaluation of single growth factor expression of human ADRCs in vivo using a mouse background when studying cell-enhanced fat grafting. It also allows quantitative assessment of cell survival. By using this model we find that human ADRCs secrete several growth factors within the grafts and that each growth factor has its own unique profile. Furthermore, it becomes evident that ADRCs are active for several days after implantation before growth factor expression subsides. This is an important safety feature of this adult cell therapy source since continued, high level expression of growth factors would not be desirable in cases of reconstruction after breast cancer removal, when concerns of residual tumor cells exist. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4124.
Reflection of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis by indices of activation of the classical complement pathway.
Authors: V.A Makinde, G Senaldi, A.S Jawad, H Berry, D Vergani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Levels of C4d, a fragment of C4 generated during activation of the classical complement pathway, were measured in the plasma of 77 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 30 healthy subjects. Disease activity was judged according to Ritchie's articular index to be mildly active in 31 (group 1), moderately active in 29 (group 2), and severely active in 17 patients (group 3). Plasma levels of C3d, a fragment of C3, and serum levels of C4, C3, and immune complexes were also measured. The ratios C4d/C4 and C3d/C3 were calculated. The C4d/C4 and C3d/C3 ratios and the levels of circulating immune complexes correlated with the degree of disease activity without significantly departing from linear trend and discriminated between patients with different grades of disease activity. C4d, C3d, C4, and C3 also correlated with disease activity but in a non-linear relationship. A significant correlation was found between C4d and C3d, and between C4d/C4 and C3d/C3. C4d and C4d/C4 also correlated with circulating immune complexes. These results indicate that indices of C4 and C3 activation, in particular the ratios C3d/C3 and C4d/C4, provide a sensitive assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis, and confirm the major part played by the classical complement pathway in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Abstract 5373: Genome-wide methylation analysis of prostate tissues reveals global methylation patterns of prostate cancer.
Authors: Jian-Hua Luo, Ying Ding, Rui Chen, George K. Michalopoulos, Joel B. Nelson, George C. Tseng, Yan P. Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Altered genome methylation is a hallmark of human malignancies. To investigate the global methylation profile of prostate cancer, high-throughput analysis of concordant methylation and gene expression events was carried out for 124 human prostate specimens, including prostate cancer (T), normal adjacent to tumor (AT), and organ donor (OD). Methylated DNA in genomic DNA was immunoprecipitated with anti-methylcytidine antibodies, amplified by adaptor-specific priming PCR, and detected by Affymetrix human whole genome SNP 6.0 chips. Pair-wise analyses of methylation-enriched DNA, along with the matched genome copy number analysis of the same samples, were performed to determine the differential DNA methylation profiles of the T, AT and OD samples. A total of 34,413 methylated genome segments were identified. Among these, 11,481 CpG islands were found in the promoter and exon 1 regions of 9,295 genes. Seven-thousand-six-hundred-forty-one genes were found to be methylated frequently across the OD, AT and T samples, while 239 genes were found to be differentially methylated in only T and 785 genes were methylated in both AT and T but not OD. Genes with promoter methylation and concordant suppressed expression were identified by the pair analyses of T/OD, AT/OD, and T/AT. Pathway analysis suggested that many of the methylated genes in T and AT had cell growth and mitogenic functions. Classification analysis of the differentially methylated genes in T or OD produced a specificity of 89.4% and a sensitivity of 85.7%. The T and AT groups, on the other hand, were only slightly separated by the prediction analysis, indicating a strong field effect. A gene methylation prediction model was developed using the methylation status of 20 genes, and was shown to predict prostate cancer relapse with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 85.0%. Collectively, these results suggest methylation patterns may be useful predictive markers of prostate cancer clinical outcomes. Citation Format: Jian-Hua Luo, Ying Ding, Rui Chen, George K. Michalopoulos, Joel B. Nelson, George C. Tseng, Yan P. Yu. Genome-wide methylation analysis of prostate tissues reveals global methylation patterns of prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5373. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5373 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Continuous Ventilation and Oedema
Authors: J. Spalding
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Uterus in a Male SIR,-A man aged 40 was admitted in July 1967 with a reducible right inguinal hernia and an undescended left testis.The right testis, normal in size and consistency, was present in the scrotum.Exploration of the right inguinal canal revealed a completely patent processus vaginalis with the testis inside the sac.On applying traction to the testis, an oval mass,
Renal inner medullary prostaglandin synthesis. A calcium-calmodulin-dependent process suppressed by urea.
Authors: P A Craven, R K Studer, F R Derubertis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Previous studies have demonstrated that hyperosmolar NaCl and mannitol stimulate immunoreactive prostaglandin E (iPGE) production by slices of inner medulla (IM), whereas urea inhibits this process. In the present study, the roles of Ca2+ and calmodulin in the control of PGE synthesis in IM and the basis for the differential actions of solutes were examined. A23187 increased [14C]arachidonate (AA) release and iPGE accumulation in the presence but not in the absence of media Ca2+ whereas stimulation by hypertonic NaCl or mannitol was well expressed with Ca2+ or in Ca2+-free buffer containing 2 mM EGTA. Hypertonic urea and trifluoperazine (TFP), an inhibitor of actions of the Ca2+-CaM complex, suppressed increases in [14C]AA release and iPGE induced by A23187, NaCl, or mannitol. By contrast, increases in iPGE in response to exogenous AA were not altered by urea or TFP. Ca2+ (25-100 microM) increased acyl hydrolase (AH) activity in EGTA washed (4 degrees C) 100,000 g particulate fractions of IM threefold, thereby restoring AH activity to the higher basal values of particulate fractions not washed with EGTA. This action of Ca2+ was blocked by hypertonic urea of TFP, whereas AH activity was not influenced by NaCl or mannitol in the presence or absence of Ca2+. In contrast to their effects on AH activity, hypertonic urea and TFP did not alter conversion of AA to PGE2, PGF2 alpha, or PGD2 by IM microsomal fractions. Ca2+-induced increases in particulate AH were blunted after partial depletion of endogenous CaM-like activity. Ca2+ action was restored by addition of purified exogenous CaM, but not by addition of other small acidic proteins, including troponin C. The findings support a role for CaM in the regulation of PGE synthesis in the IM at the level of Ca2+-responsive AH activity. They further imply that urea suppresses PGE synthesis in IM through inhibition of AH and a reduction in the availability of endogenous AA for conversion to PGE.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma With Metastases to Spermatic Vein and Spermatic Cord: PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen, Michael C. Roarke, Panol C. Ram
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney with venous tumor thrombus is uncommon with only a limited number of cases published in the medical literature. The authors present a case of renal urothelial carcinoma with PET/CT imaging. PET, in addition to the demonstration of tumor thrombus in the left renal vein and inferior vena cava, showed a thrombosed left spermatic vein with metastases to the left spermatic cord and epidydimis.
The Physician and the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Joseph F. Sadusk
Journal: JAMA (1964)

While some states had taken elementary steps toward drug regulation at the turn of the century, the problems of unwarranted promotion of drugs were basically uncontrolled until the passage of the first Pure Food and Drug Law in 1906. This law, judged by today's standards, was totally inadequate but, for the first time, it provided a limited control of interstate traffic in drugs. Judged by the standards of 1906, it was a landmark law of first importance. Over the following years, some improvements were made in the 1906 statute. For instance, a provision instituted in 1912 made it possible for the government to take action on false therapeutic claims for drugs, but only if it could be established that such claims were made fraudulently. Then came the Elixir of Sulfanilamide disaster in 1937, which lead to the death of over a hundred people before the product could be removed from
Role of Uterine Natural Killer Cells and Interferon γ in Placental Development
Authors: Raymond W. Redline
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Large granular lymphocytes migrate in large numbers to the pregnant uteri of a wide variety of mammalian species ([1][1]). These cells, also known as granulated metrial gland cells in rodents and endometrial granulocytes in primates, will for the purposes of this review all be referred to as uterine
The role of executive control in saccade generation
Authors: Diane C. Gooding
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The Findlay &amp; Walker model of saccade generation does not appear to account fully for saccadic performance deficits observed in schizophrenia patients. It would be enhanced by inclusion of a frontally mediated, central executive function system. A review of schizophrenia patients' antisaccade task deficits provides an example of the role of higher cortical functioning in saccade generation.
Pharyngitis and Penicillin
Authors: DANIEL REINHARTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1987Pharyngitis and PenicillinDANIEL REINHARTH, M.D.DANIEL REINHARTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-430_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: When penicillin is prescribed and an allergic reaction occurs, the negative effects do not end when the reaction subsides. For the rest of the patient's life, he or she may no longer be treated with this very useful group of antibiotics. (Although desensitization is possible, it is expensive, potentially dangerous, and only temporary.) This long-range disutility was not considered by Centor and colleagues (1) in their analysis of the treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis, and should push their recommendations in the direction of more testing and less empiric treatment....Reference1. CENTORMEIERDALTON RFH. Throat cultures and rapid tests for diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:892-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1987Volume 107, Issue 3Page: 430-430KeywordsAllergy and immunologyAntibioticsLife expectancyPenicillinPharyngitisStreptococcal pharyngitis Issue Published: 1 September 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...