tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory muscle function and control of breathing in patients with acromegaly
Authors: I Iandelli, M Gorini, R Duranti, F Bassi, G Misuri, F Pacini, E Rosi, G Scano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Increase in lung size has been described in acromegalic patients, but data on respiratory muscle function and control of breathing are relatively scarce. Lung volumes, arterial blood gas tensions, and respiratory muscle strength and activation during chemical stimulation were investigated in a group of 10 patients with acromegaly, and compared with age- and sex-matched normal controls. Inspiratory muscle force was evaluated by measuring pleural (Ppl,sn) and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi,sn) pressures during maximal sniffs. Dynamic pleural pressure swing (Ppl,sw) was expressed both as absolute value and as percentage of Ppl,sn. Expiratory muscle force was assessed in terms of maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). In 8 of the 10 patients, ventilatory and respiratory muscle responses to hyperoxic progressive hypercapnia and to isocapnic progressive hypoxia were also evaluated. Large lungs, defined as total lung capacity (TLC) greater than predicted (above 95% confidence limits), were found in five patients. Inspiratory or expiratory muscle force was below normal limits in all but three patients. During unstimulated tidal breathing, respiratory frequency (fR) and mean inspiratory flow (tidal volume/inspiratory time (VT/tI)) were greater, while inspiratory time (tI) was shorter than in controls. Minute ventilation (V'E) and mean inspiratory flow response slopes to hypercapnia were normal In contrast, four patients had reduced delta(VT/tI)/arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) and three had reduced deltaV'E/Sa,O2. Ppl,sw(%Ppl,sn) response slopes to increasing end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PET,CO2) and decreasing Sa,O2 did not differ from the responses of the normal subjects, suggesting normal central chemoresponsiveness. At a PET,CO2 of 8 kPa or an Sa,O2 of 80%, patients had greater fR and lower tI compared with controls. Pdi,sn and Ppl,sn related both to deltaV'E/deltaSa,O2 (r=0.729 and r=0.776, respectively) and delta(VT/tI)/deltaSa,O2 (r=0.860 and r=0.90, respectively). Pdi,sn also related both to deltaV'E/deltaPET,CO2 (r=0.8) and delta(VT/tI)/deltaPET,CO2 (r=0.76). In conclusion, the data suggest the relative independence of pneumomegaly and respiratory muscle strength. Peripheral (muscular) factors appear to modulate a normal central motor output to give a more rapid pattern of breathing.
GW25-e5115 Comparison of Characteristics and Outcome From Infective Endocarditis in Blood-culture Negative Endocarditis Versus Blood-culture Positive Endocarditis
Authors: Sun Xiaolu, Wang Guo-Gan, Yang Yan-Min, Yu Li-Tian, Tan Hui-Qiong, Zhu Jun, Zhang Jian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Synergistic Effects of ACE Inhibition and Ang II Antagonism on Blood Pressure, Cardiac Weight, and Renin in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Joël Ménard, Duncan J. Campbell, Michel Azizi, Marie-Françoise Gonzales
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Blockade of type 1 angiotensin (Ang) II receptors combined with ACE inhibition may amplify the efficacy of the renin-angiotensin system blockade because ACE inhibitors do not completely and permanently suppress Ang II production. Methods and Results Enalapril or losartan (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) or their combination was administered for 2 to 4 weeks to spontaneously hypertensive rats. The combination of low doses of each agent induced greater reductions in blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular weight/body weight (LVW/BW) ratio than monotherapy with the same or higher doses. When approximately equipotent regimens of enalapril, losartan, and their combination, as judged by BP fall, were compared, there were similar increases in plasma and renal renin and in plasma Ang-(1-7) and Ang I and similar reductions in plasma angiotensinogen. Enalapril alone reduced plasma Ang II levels, and losartan alone increased Ang II levels. The combination of enalapril with losartan prevented or reduced the increase in Ang II levels observed with losartan alone. Conclusions These findings show that the synergistic interaction between the effects of low doses of enalapril and losartan on BP and LVW/BW ratio is due to more effective inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system by their combination than by either agent alone. When both drugs are given together, the ACE inhibitor–induced fall in plasma Ang II results in modulation of the Ang II antagonist–induced reactive rise in Ang II, thereby lowering the plasma Ang II concentration, which competes with the antagonist for the Ang II receptors.
Caroliʼs Disease Versus Polycystic Hepatic Disease Differential Diagnosis With Tc-99m DISIDA Scintigraphy
Authors: TOMÀS PINÓS, XAVIER XIOL, RAMON HERRANZ, CONCEPCIÓN FIGUERAS, ISABEL CATALÁ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Four patients with multiple hepatic cysts were studied: two were diagnosed with Caroli's disease (CD) and two with polycystic hepatic disease (PHD). In CD, hepatic scintigraphy with Tc-99m DISIDA showed areas of focally increased radiotracer accumulation that persisted more than 120 minutes, whereas in PHD, areas of focally decreased radiotracer accumulation were observed with normal liver washout and biliary excretion. When multiple hepatic cysts are shown by abdominal echography or CT scan, hepatic scintigraphy with Tc-99m DISIDA should be performed. This examination is safe and noninvasive, and permits differential diagnosis between CD and PHD.
Determinants for the Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Response to Schulze
Authors: Jaana Lindström, Markku Peltonen, Jaakko Tuomilehto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

In our recent publication (1), we showed that among participants in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, a diabetes prevention trial using lifestyle intervention, those who had the highest baseline composite diabetes risk as measured by the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) achieved the largest risk reduction during the lifestyle intervention.

We appreciate the comment written by Schulze. However, the major part of the comment addresses our earlier publication (3) describing the development and validation of the risk prediction model using two large, population-based cohorts. In that paper, we extensively discussed the issues raised by …
Urine Testing for Marijuana Use
Authors: Kurt M. Dubowski
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Testing urine for cannabinoids, the drug components of marijuana, has become common because relatively simple testing methods are now available. The presence of cannabinoids in urine indicates marijuana use, and a great deal of weight is often placed on positive findings. It is implied that performance is impaired while driving, flying, or operating hazardous machinery and that proficiency and learning ability are reduced. Persons whose urine yields positive test results are accused of possessing and using the drug. They are punished by convictions, fines, imprisonment, and loss of privileges, jobs, reputations, and careers. For this much weight to be placed on the results of an assay, there should be no question concerning the validity of the results; the drug identification must be positive and beyond any reasonable doubt. If safety is an issue, it should be shown that the person was adversely affected or that all people
The impact of perioperative atelectasis on antibiotic penetration into lung tissue: an in vivo microdialysis study
Authors: Doris Hutschala, Christian Kinstner, Keso Skhirtladze, Bernhard-Xaver Mayer-Helm, Markus Zeitlinger, Wilfried Wisser, Markus Müller, Edda Tschernko
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Abstract LB-175: Tumor regression in patients with metastatic synovial sarcoma and melanoma using genetically engineered lymphocytes reactive with NY-ESO-1
Authors: Robbins F. Paul, Richard A. Morgan, Steven A. Feldman, James C. Yang, Mark E. Dudley, Yong F. Li, Mona El-Gamil, Susan L. Schwarz, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Discussant: To be announced. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-175.
The Spinal Tap
Authors: A. E. LIVINGSTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1986The Spinal TapA. E. LIVINGSTON, M.D.A. E. LIVINGSTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-3-464_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Marton and Gean (1) have presented an excellent review of the use of the spinal tap. They state that many believe the spinal tap is associated with the complication of headache "10% to 25%" of the time and that this headache can persist for several days. This incidence, they go on to note, can be reduced drastically by using a 20-gauge needle and by keeping the patient prone for several hours after the tap.My experience with this diagnostic procedure is extensive because of my having been involved in the diagnosis and care of many persons with...References1. MARTONGEAN KA. The spinal tap: a new look at an old test. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:840-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ADAMSVICTOR RM. Principles of Neurology. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 1985:461-2. Google Scholar1. MARTONGEAN KA. The spinal tap: a new look at an old test. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:840-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GLASSMELAMEDCHERNIKPOSNER JMNJ. Malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): the meaning of a positive CSF cytology. Neurology. 1979;29:1369-75. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RICH J. A survey of cerebrospinal fluid cytology. Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc. 1969;34:115-31. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. NAYLOR B. The cytologic diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Cytol. 1964;8:141-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. MCGARRYHOLMQUISTCARMEL PNS. A postmortem study of cerebrospinal fluid with histologic correlation. Acta Cytol. 1969;13:48-52. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1986Volume 105, Issue 3Page: 464-464KeywordsHeadaches Issue Published: 1 September 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Protein kinase C promotes angiogenic activity of human endothelial cells via induction of vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: H. Xu, P. Czerwinski, M. Hortmann, H.-Y. Sohn, U. Forstermann, H. Li
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

AimsProtein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis. However, downstream targets of PKC in endothelial cells are poorly defined.
Do Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of the Adult (LADA) Patients Require Insulin at Diagnosis?
Authors: Barbara Szepietowska, Malgorzata Szelachowska, Ida Kinalska
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

In the August 2001 issue of Diabetes Care , Paolo Pozzilli and Umberto Di Mario (1) present their current opinion about the definition, characterization, and potential prevention of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We read their article with great interest, especially as it concerns different treatments of patients with LADA. Because 10–15% of adult diabetic patients may have autoimmune diabetes, management in this group seems to be a very important question. Yet, we do not fully concur …
Activation of innate immune responses in a pathogen-mimicking manner by amphiphilic polyanhydride nanoparticle adjuvants
Authors: Latrisha K. Petersen, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Scott R. Broderick, Chang-Sun Kong, Bret D. Ulery, Krishna Rajan, Michael J. Wannemuehler, Balaji Narasimhan
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Abstract 3335: Ouabain, a cardiac glycoside, inhibits the Fanconi Anemia-BRCA pathway activated by DNA crosslinking agents.
Authors: Mihwa Hwang, Dong Wha Jun, Hyun Jung Kim, Soo Kyung Hwang, Chang-Hun Lee, Sunshin Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Most cancer therapies, including conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are based on DNA damage-induced tumor cell death. In tumor cells, cellular DNA repair machinery can decrease anticancer drug efficacy and induce drug resistance. The DNA repair pathway has been an emerging target for development of anticancer drugs. DNA intercrosslinking, one of the most severe forms of DNA damage which are caused by anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin and mitomycin C (MMC), could activate the Fanconi anemia (FA)-BRCA DNA repair pathway. Inhibition of the FA-BRCA pathway can enhance the cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs which induce DNA crosslinking and can reduce anticancer drug resistance. To find FA-BRCA pathway inhibitory small molecules, we established a cell-based high-content screening method for detecting the FA-BRCA pathway by measuring ubiquitinated FANCD2 foci on DNA lesions after immunofluorescence staining and then we applied our method to chemical screening. Using commercial LOPAC1280 chemical library screening, ouabain was identified as a competent FA-BRCA pathway inhibitory molecule. Ouabain, a member of the cardiac glycoside family and an endogenous mammalian hormone, binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane protein Na+/K+-ATPase and has been used for the treatment of heart disease for many years. We observed that ouabain, as well as its cardiac glycoside family members―digitoxin and digoxin―reduced monoubiquitination of FANCD2, inhibited ubiquitinated FANCD2 foci formation on DNA lesions and abrogated cell cycle arrest induced by MMC treatment. These inhibitory activities of the FA-BRCA pathway were independent of the cellular Ca++ ion increase or the drug uptake-inhibition effect which is known to be a function of ouabain. Furthermore, we found that ouabain potentiated cytotoxic effects of MMC in tumor cells. Taken together, we identified an additional role of ouabain as a FA-BRCA pathway inhibitor which has chemosensitization activity. The results of this study suggest that ouabain may serve as a chemosensitizer to anticancer drugs which induce DNA crosslinking. Citation Format: Mihwa Hwang, Dong Wha Jun, Hyun Jung Kim, Soo Kyung Hwang, Chang-Hun Lee, Sunshin Kim. Ouabain, a cardiac glycoside, inhibits the Fanconi Anemia-BRCA pathway activated by DNA crosslinking agents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3335. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3335
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: A Clinicopathologic Study of 35 Cases
Authors: Donald B. Rolfes, Kamal G. Ishak
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a disease of the third trimester which is generally considered to be rare and to have a grave prognosis. This study found an optimistic outlook for patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy due to early termination of the pregnancy as well as the recognition of milder cases. In prospectively followed women, a maternal mortality of 8% and a fetal mortality of 14% were observed. The disorder also appears to be more common than previously suspected and should be considered in all women with liver dysfunction in late pregnancy, even if they are anicteric. Histologically, the characteristic fine droplet steatosis usually produces distinct vacuoli–zation in sections stained with hematoxylin–eosin. However, early in the course of the illness, liver cells have a ballooned appearance and the presence of lipid is masked. When accompanied by a significant necroinflammatory reaction, this stage may be difficult to distinguish from acute viral hepatitis. Whenever acute fatty liver of pregnancy is suspected, a small piece of the biopsy should be reserved for special stains to confirm the presence of lipid in frozen sections. Significant loss of hepatic parenchyma is a regular accompaniment of acute fatty liver of pregnancy and is due to hepatocytolysis, acidophilic degeneration and liver cell atrophy. Extramedullary hematopoiesis and giant mitochondria are often present; the latter change is probably an adaptive or degenerative response to an altered metabolic environment. Despite the frequent presence of signs and symptoms of toxemia in patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy, no histologic overlap was observed, suggesting that they represent distinct etiologic entities.
Should Heroin Be Legalized for the Treatment of Pain?
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The use of heroin to treat pain has been illegal in the United States since 1956. Congress is now considering a bill, termed the Compassionate Pain Relief Act (H.R. 5290), that would permit the use of heroin in cancer patients whose pain is unrelieved by other analgesics. In the following Sounding Board articles, Dr. Edward N. Brandt, Jr., assistant secretary for health at the Department of Health and Human Services, argues against the passage of this bill, and Dr. Allen M. Mondzac, an oncologist at George Washington University Medical Center, argues in favor of it.Both acknowledge the efficacy of . . .
Echocardiography for Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatic Fever-Reply
Authors: Adnan S. Dajani
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate Dr Veasy's comments and agree that Doppler echocardiography is a powerful and useful diagnostic tool. However, the presence of "silent" mitral regurgitation in normal subjects causes concern about over-reliance on this tool in diagnosing rheumatic fever carditis.<sup>1-3</sup>More studies are needed to differentiate abnormality from normalcy. In the meantime, we chose a conservative stance regarding this point. We also agree that serial use of echocardiography/Doppler in patients with proven rheumatic fever and carditis is useful. It is important and prudent to assess continuously the natural progress of the disease using all available means.
On the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Maurice S. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Randomized trials comparing surgical treatments of breast cancer show that radical mastectomy offers no greater benefit than simple mastectomy followed by radiotherapy. Furthermore, in terms of survival, radical mastectomy seems to be no better than wide excision followed by radiotherapy when the disease is clinically diagnosed as stage 1. The incidence of diagnosed breast cancer showed an 18% increase between 1935 and 1965 and a 50% increase between 1965 and 1975. However, breast cancer mortality has remained unchanged for at least the past 40 years. Analysis of survival curves of women with breast cancer suggests that two or more populations exist, with about 40% suffering fatal outcome unaffected by treatment. The remaining 60% exhibit a relative mortality only modestly different from that of women of similar ages without evidence of disease. Increasing detection of an entity that is histologically defined as malignant but biologically relatively benign could account for the observed increase in incidence.
Rising food prices force parents to cut back on food for their already malnourished children
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A year of record food prices has forced parents in some of the world’s poorest countries to cut back on food for their children or even pull them out of school and send them out to work to pay for food, a survey for Save the Children has found.

The charity revealed the survey findings in a report, A Life Free from Hunger: Tackling Child Malnutrition , which says that rising food prices and lack of global investment in tackling malnutrition, are putting future progress …
Isoproterenol in Treatment of Heart Disease
Authors: William C. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Isoproterenol was effective in increasing cardiac output and in reducing left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure in virtually all forms of heart disease, with the exception of some cases of severe coronary-artery disease or aortic stenosis. Because of these physiological observations, isoproterenol was used in the acute treatment of certain expressions of circulatory failure. Isoproterenol was useful in potentiating mercurial diuresis, and occasionally was an effective potentiator when aminophylline was not. Isoproterenol was particularly helpful in treating either bradycardia or hypotension when these complicated congestive failure or the postoperative low output state.
Overtreatment of Young Adults With Colon Cancer
Authors: Peter J. Kneuertz, George J. Chang, Chung-Yuan Hu, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas, Cathy Eng, Eduardo Vilar, John M. Skibber, Barry W. Feig, Janice N. Cormier, Y. Nancy You
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Colon cancer is increasing among adults younger than 50 years. However, the prognosis of young-onset colon cancer remains poorly defined given significant age-related demographic, disease, and treatment differences.To define stage-specific treatments and prognosis of colon cancer diagnosed in young adults (ages 18-49 years) vs older adults (ages 65-75 years) outside of the clinical trial setting while accounting for real-world age-related variations in patient, tumor, and treatment factors.A nationwide cohort study was conducted among US hospitals accredited by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer. Participants were 13 102 patients diagnosed as having young-onset colon adenocarcinoma aged 18 to 49 years and 37 007 patients diagnosed as having later-onset colon adenocarcinoma aged 65 to 75 years treated between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2005, and reported to the National Cancer Data Base.Patients who underwent surgical resection and postoperative systemic chemotherapy of curative intent.The primary end point was stage-specific relative survival, an objective measure of survival among patients with cancer, adjusting for baseline mortality rates and independent of the data on cause of death. The secondary end point was stage-specific likelihood of receiving postoperative systemic chemotherapy.Most young-onset colon cancer was initially seen at advanced stages (61.8% had stage III or IV). After adjusting for patient-related and tumor-related factors, young patients were more likely to receive systemic chemotherapy, particularly multiagent regimens, at all stages relative to those with later-onset disease. These odds ratios were 2.88 (95% CI, 2.21-3.77) for stage I, 3.93 (95% CI, 3.58-4.31) for stage II, 2.42 (95% CI, 2.18-2.68) for stage III, and 2.74 (95% CI, 2.44-3.07) for stage IV. The significantly more intense treatments received by younger patients were unmatched by any survival gain, which was nil for stage II (relative risk, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.69-1.17) and marginal for stage III (relative risk, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97) and stage IV (relative risk, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.90).Young adults with colon cancer received significantly more postoperative systemic chemotherapy at all stages, but they experienced only minimal gain in adjusted survival compared with their older counterparts who received less treatment. This mismatch suggests that attention should be given to long-term cancer survivorship in young adults with colon cancer because they likely face survivorship needs that are distinct from those of their older counterparts.