tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
7 T CELLS FACILITATE HEPATITIS C VIRUS TRANSMISSION TO POLARISED LIVER AND BRAIN CELL LINES, REVEALING A NEW ROLE FOR VIRAL QUASISPECIES
Authors: Z. Stamataki, N. Fletcher, E. Liaskou, L. Meredith, P. Balfe, D.H. Adams, J.A. McKeating
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Diabetic neuropathic cachexia. Beneficial response to combination therapy with amitriptyline and fluphenazine
Authors: G. N. Gade
Journal: JAMA (1980)

DIABETIC neuropathic cachexia is a rare diabetic neuropathic syndrome. When it does occur, the painful component of the syndrome may be severely incapacitating and functionally compromising. The usual treatment regimens employed for diabetic peripheral neuropathies have been discouraging, and the management of the pain remains a difficult clinical problem. A recent report1inThe Journalregarding the successful use of amitriptyline hydrochloride and fluphenazine dihydrochloride in diabetic peripheral neuropathy prompted us to try these drugs in a patient with the unrelenting pain of diabetic neuropathic cachexia. His dramatic response to this therapeutic program was rapid and long-lasting.  Report of a Case  The patient was a 59-year-old man with diabetes of 12 years' duration, which had been controlled with diet and tolbutamide therapy. He was admitted to the hospital with a six-month history of bilateral aching in the anterior thigh muscles, most notable at night,
Increased nitric oxide production in the liver in the perioperative period of partial hepatectomy with Pringle's maneuver
Authors: Yasuhiko Sugawara, Keiichi Kubota, Tsutomu Ogura, Hiroyasu Esumi, Kazuto Inoue, Tadatoshi Takayama, Masatoshi Makuuchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in a glue sniffer
Authors: Michael A. Caligiuri, Amy P. Early, M. J. Marinello, Harvey D. Preisler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract A 17‐year‐old while male with a past history of chronic inhalational abuse of plastic glue was referred to our institution for sore throat, cervical adenopathy, and an abnormal peripheral blood smear. A diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia was made and abnormalities in cytogenetic studies were demonstrated. Specific inquiry regarding this form of drug exposure should be pursued when searching for possible etiologies of malignant disease.
Profound metabolic, functional, and cytolytic differences characterize HIV-specific CD8 T cells in primary and chronic HIV infection
Authors: Lydie Trautmann, Florentin-Martial Mbitikon-Kobo, Jean-Philippe Goulet, Yoav Peretz, Yu Shi, Julien Van Grevenynghe, Francesco Andrea Procopio, Mohamad Rachid Boulassel, Jean-Pierre Routy, Nicolas Chomont, Elias K. Haddad, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
Journal: Blood (2012)
FRI0128 Less than 5% of ethnic minority rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients meet inclusion criteria for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT).
Authors: G. Kerr, Y. Yazici, C. Swearingen, C. Luo, L. Espinoza, Y. Sherrer, E. Treadwell, A. Mosley-Williams, R. Alamino Perez, S. Dowell, A. Godoy, M. Paul
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> RCT are the gold standard for therapeutic efficacy, yet many studies indicate most patients seen in routine clinical care do not meet inclusion criteria.<sup>1</sup> Apart from cultural challenges to the enrollment of ethnic minorities in clinical studies, decreased access and care, and late presentation in disease course may preclude inclusion in RA RCT. However, eligibility of ethnic minorities for RA RCT, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate standard RCT inclusion criteria in a cohort of ethnic minority RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Consented EMRAC patients were evaluated for the following standard, high disease activity, RCT inclusion criteria: swollen joints (28) &gt;= 6, tender joints (28) &gt;= 6, ESR &gt;= 28, morning stiffness &gt;= 45 min. We also evaluated the cohort for low disease activity, defined as swollen (28) &lt;= 1, tender (28) &lt;= 1, ESR &lt;= 10, morning stiffness &lt;= 15 min. Comparisons were made of each individual criteria, high versus low disease activity, and overall RCT eligibility by Race (Caucasian, African American) using Chi-square test. <h3>Results</h3> 232 EMRAC patients were available for analysis, 158 African Americans, 74 Caucasians. The mean age was 63 years and the mean disease duration was 13.1 years. Only 4.4% African Americans (AA) and 4.1% of Caucasians met standard RCT inclusion criteria, despite only 3.8% AA and 8.1% Caucasians, respectively, meeting criteria for low disease activity. Approximaetely half of patients meeting RCT criteria received biologic therapy, while 30% had hypertension and none had coronary heart disease. The most stringent criterion was swollen joint count, with only 18.4% of AA and 14.9% of Caucasians meeting criteria, followed by tender joint count (24.1% AA and 31.1% Caucasians). 52.5% AA and 43.2% Caucasian patients, respectively, met ESR criteria, while 39.2 % of both AA and Caucasians met morning stiffness thresholds. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In addition to reported socio-economic and cultural hurdles that preclude enrollment of ethnic minorities in RCT, African Americans, like their Caucasian counterparts, also fail to meet eligibility for RCT despite active disease. These data may suggest reconsideration of current entry criteria for RCT in all patients with RA. <h3>References</h3> Sokka, T. J. Rheumatol, 2003 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> G. Kerr Grant/research support from: EMRAC receives support from Genentech, Pfizer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Y. Yazici: None Declared, C. Swearingen: None Declared, C. Luo: None Declared, L. Espinoza: None Declared, Y. Sherrer: None Declared, E. Treadwell: None Declared, A. Mosley-Williams: None Declared, R. Alamino Perez: None Declared, S. Dowell: None Declared, A. Godoy: None Declared, M. Paul: None Declared
latrogenics: Complications in Health Care
Authors: William B. Blythe
Journal: JAMA (1992)

As the editor of this new international journal correctly notes in the "aim and scope" statement printed with each issue, "iatrogenic complications are ubiquitous phenomena, well-known to virtually all health care systems." Nevertheless, this journal uses the term "iatrogenics" to include even more than these ever-present, physician-induced complications in patient care.<i>Iatrogenics</i>seeks to publish articles describing "resultant complications of the entire health care system, involving all the human, technical, and organizational aspects of the medical care process." These may include "faults in the basic and continuing education of health professionals,... nosocomial infection,... (avoidable) equipment malfunctions, and shortfalls of existing systems to monitor the safety of medical care." This broad mandate grew out of the May 1990 First World Congress of the International Society for the Prevention of Iatrogenic Complications (ISPIC), and<i>Iatrogenics</i>serves as this society's new official journal. Both the society and the journal aim to attract a
Antibodies to beta2 glycoprotein I and cardiolipin in SSc
Authors: L Schoenroth
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

In an article on Rubens' painting "The Three Graces" Dequeker suggests that hypermobility is a medical explanation of the seeming scoliosis and Trendelenburg sign in the middle figure . 1 But the posture of this middle figure should probably be interpreted as an artistic phenomenon without medical reference.Sculptors in classical Greek and Roman periods often used the contrapposto posture.In this, by putting most weight on one leg, the other leg can be shown in a relaxed and semiflexed position.This undulating between tension and relaxation will animate the figure.A person with normal muscular function and a normal back can perfectly well pose in this way with relaxed hip abductors on the weightbearing side, a descending hip on the opposite side, and a compensating scoliotic posture.This posture is facilitated by support from the arm as in Rubens' painting.If the person tries to take a forward step, relaxation of the muscles of the weightbearing hip can no longer be maintained, and the positive Trendelenburg sign will disappear.In the Renaissance period the use of this contrapposto posture was revived.During his stay in Rome Rubens eagerly studied the then recently excavated Laokoön sculpture with its three distorted figures. 2 He often used such distorted postures in his paintings to give the impression of vigorous muscular characters capable of performing great tasks.The best example is probably "The Debarkation at Marseilles" in the Maria de Medici cycle from 1622 to 1625 for the Luxembourg Palace in Paris. 3 Here, three young women, nereides, with curved muscular backs at the bottom of the picture nearly seem to carry the ship of Maria de Medici.
AWARENESS AND USE OF THE ADULT PRE-EXERCISE SCREENING SYSTEM (APSS) IN THE AUSTRALIAN FITNESS INDUSTRY
Authors: N Perera, P Keyzer, J Dietrich, K Norton, B Sekendiz, V Jones, I Coyle, C Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The Australian Adult Pre-Exercise Screening System (APSS) was developed as the national standard to promote quality control, consistency of practices across the industry and use of pre-exercise screening as a risk management tool to identify and manage health and injury risks associated with fitness activities. Stage 1 of APSS is compulsory and aims to identify those at high-risk of cardiovascular, metabolic or respiratory diseases and refer to medical/allied health professionals for clearance. Stage 2 and 3 are optional and screen for moderate or low risk individuals. Objective To evaluate awareness and use of the APSS across the Australia-wide fitness industry. Design A nationwide online self-report survey completed by fitness professionals. Setting Australia-wide Fitness Industry using snowball sampling. Participants 1178 adults, who own, manage or work in a registered/unregistered fitness business. Main outcome measurements 1) Awareness and frequency of use of APSS, and 2) frequency of pre-exercise screening of any form and satisfaction of the pre-exercise screening being used. Results 24% of respondents were insufficiently aware of the APSS, 47% aware and 29% were fully aware of APSS. Only 20% of respondents used APSS extremely frequently, 35% used APSS frequently and 45% used APSS infrequently. 65% of survey respondents always conducted a pre-exercise screening with their clients. 66% believed that their pre-exercise medical screenings of customers were good; 22% reported extremely good and 12% reported it was poor. Chi-squared tests identified significant relationships between conducting any pre-exercise screening and frequency of use of APSS (P&lt;.001), satisfaction of pre-exercise screening and frequency of APSS use (P&lt;.001), and awareness of APSS and the frequency of its use (P&lt;.001). Conclusions Frequency of use of APSS as a risk management tool by fitness professionals is strongly correlated with their awareness of it, their level of satisfaction of pre-exercising screening being used.
Toll-like Receptor 3 Expressed by Melanoma Cells as a Target for Therapy?
Authors: Bruno Salaun, Serge Lebecque, Sampsa Matikainen, Donata Rimoldi, Pedro Romero
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: The immunomodulatory properties of Toll-like receptors (TLR) agonists have inspired their use as experimental adjuvants for vaccination of cancer patients. However, it is now well recognized that TLR expression is not restricted to immune cells but can also be found in many cell types, including those giving rise to tumors. It is therefore mandatory to explore the potential effects of TLR triggering directly on tumor cells. Experimental Design: In the present work, we have investigated TLR3 protein expression in melanoma cell lines derived from patients, and analyzed the effects of TLR3 agonists on tumor cell survival. Moreover, we used RNA interference to stably knock down TLR3 expression and study the involvement of this receptor in dsRNA-induced effects on melanoma cells viability. Results: Human melanoma cells can express functional TLR3 protein. Interestingly, the engagement of the receptor by TLR3 agonists can directly inhibit cell proliferation and induce tumor cell death when combined to treatment with either type I IFN or protein synthesis inhibitors. These effects were shown by RNA interference to be largely dependent on TLR3. Moreover, TLR3-mediated cell death involves the activation of caspases and engages both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Conclusion: TLR3 protein can be expressed in human melanoma cells, where it can deliver proapoptotic and antiproliferative signaling. Altogether, these results suggest that TLR3 agonists represent very promising adjuvants for cancer vaccines not only based on their well-described immunostimulatory properties, but also due to their newly identified cytostatic and cytotoxic effects directly on tumor cells.
Principles and Practice of Surgical Pathology
Authors: Klaus J. Lewin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This is the second edition of Dr Silverberg's multiauthored textbook of surgical pathology. The contributors are distinguished pathologists who, with rare exception, are leaders in their fields. The book covers the full spectrum of diagnostic diseases of surgical pathology and is divided by organ system, often into medical and surgical disorders. In addition, there are interesting introductory chapters on the general philosophy and principles of surgical pathology, medicolegal problems, and immunohistochemical techniques. Also in separate chapters are subjects not always covered separately in textbooks on surgical pathology, such as the neuroendocrine system, the ear, the eye, and a particularly good section on iatrogenic lesions. The reasons for buying a textbook on surgical pathology, as opposed to monographs dealing with specific organ system pathology, vary from person to person, often depending on level of training and experience. For example, residents might well read the book from cover to cover to get
When Is Diabetes Diabetes?
Authors: Frank Vinicor
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Supplementary feeding in maternity hospitals and the risk of cow’s milk allergy: A prospective study of 6209 infants☆☆☆★
Authors: Kristiina Mertta Saarinen, Kaisu Juntunen-Backman, Anna-Liisa Järvenpää, Pekka Kuitunen, Leena Lope, Martin Renlund, Matti Siivola, Erkki Savilahti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Corrected Q-T Interval Prolongation as Diagnostic Tool for Assessment of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Joyce M Gonin, Mark M Kadrofske, Steven Schmaltz, Edward J Bastyr, Aaron I Vinik
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

A simple method for evaluating alterations in cardiac sympathetic innervation may be measurement of the Q-T interval. Seventy-three diabetic patients (46 insulin dependent and 27 non–insulin dependent) were separated into four groups based on the presence and degree of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) with noninvasive cardiovascular reflexes and blood pressure responses. None of the patients had evidence of ischemic heart disease, kidney disease, or the idiopathic long Q-T–interval syndrome. The corrected Q-T interval (Q-Tc) was determined at rest with Bazett's formula. As a group, diabetic patients with ≥2 abnormalities of cardiac autonomic function had a longer Q-Tc interval than those with no evidence of CAN. Diabetic patients with ≥1 abnormality had a prolonged Q-Tc interval compared with a control group of 96 healthy nondiabetic subjects (mean ± SD 397 ± 18). The frequency of prolonged (&amp;gt;433 ms, normal mean + 2SD) resting Q-Tc intervals increased with the increasing number of abnormalities (0, 1, 2, ≥ 3): 11, 25, 41, and 75%, respectively. Twenty-three of 25 (92%) patients with a Q-Tc &amp;gt;433 ms had evidence of CAN. However, 57% (31 of 54) of the patients with CAN had a normal Q-Tc interval. These data provide further evidence of a relationship between the presence and severity of CAN and degree of Q-Tc interval prolongation. Compared with cardiovascular reflexes and blood pressure tests for CAN, the Q-Tc interval in the group of diabetic patients studied without evidence of heart or kidney disease was an insensitive but specific marker. An abnormal Q-Tc interval may be an additional diagnostic tool for evaluating CAN in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Antirheumatic Effects of Hydrocortisone (Free Alcohol), Hydrocortisone. Acetate, and Cortisone (Free Alcohol) as Compared with Cortisone Acetate
Authors: E. W. Boland
Journal: BMJ (1952)

The results of prolonged uninterrupted cortisone acetate therapy given orally to patients with rheumatoid arthritis were recently reported.'By using initial suppressive amounts of the hormone, then gradually reducing the dosage in step-like manner, and finally employing smaller maintenance doses, it was possible to sustain satisfactory, though not complete, rheumatic control in approximately two-thirds of the patients.Adequate
The ontogenesis of human fetal hormones. III. Prolactin.
Authors: M J Aubert, M M Grumbach, S L Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The synthesis and release of human prolactin (hPRL) in the human fetus was assessed by radioimmunoassay analysis of the content and concentration of hPRL in 82 pituitary glands and the concentration of serum hPRL in 47 fetuses of gestational age 68 days to term. Fetal hPRL exhibited parallelism with the reference standard (Lewis 203-1). hPRL was detected by 68 days of gestation (10 wk), the earliest fetal pituitary gland studied; 8 out of 33 pituitaries had a prolactin (PRL) content above 2.0 ng between 10-15 wk gestation. The mean ocntent of PRL in the pituitary gland increased sharply from 14.8 plus or minus 4.6 ng at 15-19 wk to 405 plus or minus 142 ng at 20-24 wk and 542 plus or minus ng at 25-29 wk gestation. By term, the mean content was 2,039 plus or minus 459 (range 493-3,689) and the mean concentration 15.9 plus or minus 2.4 ng/mg (range 7-20). There was a significant positive correlation (P less than 0.001) between the hPRL and human growth hormone (hGH) content of fetal pituitary glands; at term the hPRL/hGH ratio was 1/290. The concentration of serum hPRL between 12 and 24 wk ranged from 2.9 to 67 ng/ml, mean 19.5 plus or minus 2.5 ng/ml )n = 21); by 26 wk fetal serum hPRL increased sharply and attained levels of 300-500 ng/ml in late gestation. At delivery, the mean plasma concentration of hPRL was 167 plus or minus 14.2 ng/ml in 36 umbilical venous specimens and 111.8 plus or minus 12.3 ng/ml in the matched maternal venous specimens. No correlation between serum hPRL and the pituitary content or concentration of hPRL was demonstrable in 12 matched fetal specimens. In five anencephalic infants, umbilical venous hPRL levels were between 65 and 283 ng/ml. In two anencephalic infants, thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) (200 mug IV) evoked a rise in serum hPRL in one patient from 43 to 156 ng/ml at 30 min, and in the other from 65 to 404 ng/ml at 120 min. In both patients, plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) rose from undetectable base-line levels to peak levels of 97 and 380 muU/ml, respectively. The pattern of change in serum hPRL in the human fetus contrasts sharply with that of serum hGH, luteinizing hormone, or follicle-stimulating hormone. These observations in the fetus and in anencephalic infants suggest that the striking elevation of serum PRL in the fetus is neither mediated by a putative PRL releasing factor or by TRF, nor is a consequence of suppression or absence of PRL release inhibiting factor alone, as a functional hypothalamus is not required to attain the high PRL concentration at term. Several lines of evidence support the view that high plasma estrogen levels characteristic of gestation act directly on the fetal anterior hypophysis to stimulate PRL secretion or to sensitize the secretory mechanism of the lactotrope, increasing its responsiveness to other stimuli.
Elevated Serum Sialic Acid Concentration in NIDDM and Its Relationship to Blood Pressure and Retinopathy
Authors: Martin A Crook, Peter Tutt, John C Pickup
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

In view of the possible link between serum sialic acid and cardiovascular disease in the general population, we investigated whether serum total and lipid-associated sialic concentrations are elevated in NIDDM patients compared with normal subjects. We also investigated how sialic acid levels relate to glycemic control, blood pressure, microalbuminuria, retinopathy, and serum lipid levels.We selected 20 NIDDM patients at random and matched them for age and sex with 20 normal subjects. The patients also had a similar BMI as the control subjects. A first morning blood sample was taken for sialic acid, glucose, fructosamine, and lipid analysis, as was a first morning urine sample for assessment of microalbuminuria. Retinopathy was assessed by fundoscopy.Both total and lipid-associated sialic acid levels were elevated in the NIDDM patients compared with control subjects (mean +/- SD, total: 0.74 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.22 g/L, P < 0.02; lipid-associated: 0.18 +/- 0.04 vs 0.12 +/- 0.04 g/L, P < 0.001). Total serum sialic acid was correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.58, P < 0.02). There was no significant relationship of total sialic acid with age, duration of diabetes, BMI, microalbuminuria, serum triglyceride, blood glucose, or serum fructosamine. A relationship of lipid-associated sialic acid levels and systolic blood pressure did not reach significance (P = 0.09). In 9 patients with background retinopathy with or without maculopathy, the total serum sialic acid concentration was higher than in those without retinopathy (0.81 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.69 +/- 0.10 g/L, P < 0.008). Lipid-associated sialic acid levels were similar in those with and without retinopathy. (The conversion factor for standard units to SI units is 1 gL = 3.2 mM.)Total serum sialic acid levels were significantly elevated in a relatively small group of NIDDM patients and were correlated with hypertension and retinopathy. A larger study of circulating sialic acid concentrations as a risk factor for the development or marker of diabetic angiopathy is therefore justified.