tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Lipid Peroxidation and Platelet Activation in the Early Phase of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Giovanni Davì, Francesco Chiarelli, Francesca Santilli, Mariapina Pomilio, Sergio Vigneri, Angela Falco, Stefania Basili, Giovanni Ciabattoni, Carlo Patrono
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— To investigate early events possibly related to the development of diabetic angiopathy, we examined whether 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α (8-iso-PGF 2α ) formation, a marker of in vivo oxidant stress, is altered in different stages of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and whether it correlates with the rate of thromboxane (TX) A 2 biosynthesis, a marker of in vivo platelet activation. We also investigated the relationship between inflammatory markers and F 2 -isoprostane formation in this setting. Methods and Results— A cross-sectional study was performed in 23 insulin-treated patients aged &lt;18 years with new-onset T1DM (≤6 weeks, group A), matched for age and gender with 23 patients with stable disease (&gt;1 year, group B). Urinary 8-iso-PGF 2α and 11-dehydro-TXB 2 were measured in all patients and in age- and gender-matched controls. Circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein were also determined as markers of the inflammatory response. Fifteen of the 23 children in group A were reexamined after 12 months. Compared with either controls or group B, diabetic children in group A showed significantly higher levels of 8-iso-PGF 2α , 11-dehydro-TXB 2 , IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein. Statistically significant correlations between IL-6 and both 8-iso-PGF 2α ( r =0.63, P &lt;0.001) and 11-dehydro-TXB 2 ( r =0.51, P &lt;0.01) were observed. The 15 patients reexamined after 1 year showed a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and platelet activation ( P &lt;0.02 and P &lt;0.001, respectively), consistent with reduced levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusions— These results demonstrate that enhanced lipid peroxidation and platelet activation represent early events in T1DM that are possibly related to an acute inflammatory response. These noninvasive indexes may help in further examining T1DM pathophysiology and monitoring pharmacological interventions to interfere with disease development and progression.
Suppression of hepatic hepcidin expression in response to acute iron deprivation is associated with an increase of matriptase-2 protein
Authors: An-Sheng Zhang, Sheila A. Anderson, Jiaohong Wang, Fan Yang, Kristina DeMaster, Riffat Ahmed, Christopher P. Nizzi, Richard S. Eisenstein, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Caroline A. Enns
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Efficiency of Gastrophotographic Systems: An Experimental Study
Authors: P. Frühmorgen, F. Habermalz, L. Demling, H. Haselmann
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

Supplementary to an earlier study (1), we have now, independently of the subjectivity of the examining person, examined various gastrophotographic systems (intra- and extragastric cameras) experimentally. Mire charts were photographed from various distances (point of maximal focus, near and far limits of the range of the depth of focus). The dimensions of the exposure format, of the object field, the just-resolved mires structures, the resolving power of the photographic image and the number and size of the distinguishable image elements were determined. In a comparison of the various gastrophotographic arrangements, clearly differing results were obtained. We were able to show that the quality of extragastric photography using the GFBK gastroscope was equal to that of the intragastric camera with fibrescope (GTFC) while the “blind” gastrocamera GTPA, achieved a clearly reduced resolving power.
The prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia in newly diagnosed HIV patients in a Southwest London cohort
Authors: Sheel Patel, Gee Yen Shin, Ishan Wijewardana, Sasiri Rivinda Vitharana, Ian Cormack, Mark Pakianathan, Thomas S. Harrison, Tihana Bicanic
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)

To determine the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia in a UK HIV cohort and compare baseline characteristics of patients with and without cryptococcal antigenemia.
Studies on the role of specific cell surface receptors in the removal of lipoprotein (a) in man.
Authors: F Krempler, G M Kostner, A Roscher, F Haslauer, K Bolzano, F Sandhofer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The binding of 125I-lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] to cell surface receptors was studied on cultured human fibroblasts. The results were compared with corresponding data obtained with 125I-low density lipoproteins (LDL). Equilibrium binding studies showed that Lp(a) is bound with high affinity by the cell surface receptors. The maximum binding capacity for Lp(a) was 37% lower than for LDL. For Lp(a) and LDL, the Scatchard plots displayed linearity, indicating a single category of binding sites. Half-maximal saturation occurred at a concentration of 9.52 +/- 1.04 nM for Lp(a) and 7.76 +/- 1.29 nM for LDL. Competition binding experiments revealed that Lp(a) and LDL are nearly equally potent in competing each other for the binding sites. Binding of Lp(a) and LDL were followed by suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. Cyclohexanedione treatment of Lp(a) and LDL completely abolished receptor binding. Neither Lp(a) nor LDL were specifically bound by fibroblasts obtained from a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The removal mechanisms for Lp(a) and LDL were further compared by in vivo studies. Radioiodinated Lp(a) and LDL were injected intravenously into 12 normolipemic individuals to measure kinetic parameters of these two lipoproteins simultaneously in each subject. Mean fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of Lp(a) was 0.260 +/- 0.060 and mean FCR of LDL was 0.377 +/- 0.077 (mean +/- SD). In each subject, FCR of Lp(a) was lower than the FCR of LDL; the mean difference was 31%. The absolute synthetic rate of Lp(a) was significantly lower than the corresponding value of LDL. In each individual, the percentage of total Lp(a) that was contained in the intravascular space was higher than the corresponding value of LDL; the mean difference was 19%. A highly significant positive correlation was found between FCR of LDL and FCR of Lp(a) (r = 0.853, P less than 0.01). No relationship was found between the serum concentration of LDL-apolipoprotein B and Lp(a). The serum level of Lp(a) was positively related to the absolute rate of Lp(a) synthesis (r = 0.979, P less than 0.01). The serum level of LDL-apolipoprotein B was inversely related to FCR of LDL (r = 0.613, P less than 0.05). In a patient with homozygous FH, FCR of LDL was 0.205 and FCR of Lp(a) was 0.210. The results of these studies show that Lp(a) is specifically bound with high affinity to the same receptors of human fibroblasts as LDL. The affinity and maximum binding capacity are slightly lower for Lp(a) than for LDL. The results of the turnover studies are consistent with the assumption that Lp(a) is removed from the plasma by similar mechanisms as LDL.
Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Authors: DANIEL F. DOWNING
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Thirty-seven patients with congenital aortic stenosis have been studied. Only a few were without symptoms referable to the defect. Characteristically, the patients had a loud, harsh systolic murmur, accompanied by a thrill, to the right of the sternum. On x-ray examination the most frequent manifestation was dilatation of the ascending aorta. Electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy was found in 60 per cent. Nineteen patients have been operated upon with 2 deaths. The procedure has been tolerated amazingly well. Although it is too early to judge the results, all but 2 of the surviving patients appear to have been helped.
Abstract 2943: Aurora kinase A induces miR-17-92 cluster through regulation of E2F1 transcription factor
Authors: Shun He, Shangbin Yang, Guohua Deng, Hongxia Zhu, Mei Liu, Wei Zhang, Lanping Quan, Jinfeng Bai, Ningzhi Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) encodes an evolutionally conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in centrosome cycling during mitosis. Abnormal expression of AURKA has been observed in many malignancies, yet the exact role for AURKA in tumorigenesis still remains elusive. Here through a transcription factor array, we show that the transcription activity of E2F1 was increased by AURKA overexpression. Meanwhile, E2F1 protein level was found to be upregulated upon AURKA induction and the correlation between AURKA and E2F1 expression was also observed in breast cancer specimens. Further analysis revealed that AURKA increased E2F1 protein stability by inhibiting proteasome-dependent degradation of this protein. Additionally, a microRNA cluster, miR-17-92 was found to be upregulated upon AURKA overexpression, and this stimulation was largely repressed by small interfering RNA (siRNA) against E2F1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation further demonstrates that AURKA enhanced the in vivo occupancy of E2F1 to the promoter of the miR-17-92 cluster. These data reveal a novel link between AURKA and microRNAs via the regulation of E2F1, providing new clues for understanding the role of AURKA in tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2943.
Alternative Medicine Meets Science
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Subcutaneous interleukin-10 plus corticosteroids in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis. Results of a pilot study
Authors: J. Taieb, S. Chollet Martin, C. Delarche, M. Cohard, A. LeBeaut, P. Cluzel, B. Bernard, M.A. Gougerot-Pocidalo, T. Poynard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
SEVERE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY AND ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT FOR SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: David Zlotnick, Michelle L. Ouellette, Joseph DeSimone, Joseph D. Schmoker, Bruce Leavitt, David Malenka, Yvon Baribeau, Robert Helm, Anthony DiScipio, Gerald L. Sardella, Louis Russo, John D. Klemperer, Reed D. Quinn, Donato Sisto, Donald Likosky, Elaine M. Olmstead, Daniel O&apos;Rourke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Complete clinical remission of tumor-stage mycosis fungoides after acute extensive skin necroses, granulomatous reaction, and fever under treatment with bexarotene, vorinostat, and high-dose fenofibrate
Authors: Matthias Steinhoff, Marc Beyer, Joachim Roewert-Huber, Ansgar Lukowsky, Chalid Assaf, Wolfram Sterry
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2008)
IRREVERSIBLE CHARACTER OF THE LATE CHANGES AFTER HEPATECTOMY
Authors: Philip D. McMaster, D. R. Drury
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

The symptoms of advanced liver insufficiency, in the hepatectomized rabbit, are irreversible. That is to say, cross-transfusions between liverless rabbits and normal ones fail to ameliorate the symptoms of liver deprivation once they are established. The normal rabbits show no symptoms suggesting that toxic substances have accumulated in the blood of the hepatectomized ones.
Combined Delayed Technetium-99m HIDA and Technetium-99m Tin Colloid Diagnosing Liver Deformity due to Hepatic Flexure
Authors: HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM, HELINA KUBACIK, KHALID NAWAZ, MAHA OWDAH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

ABDEL-DAYEM, HUSSEIN M. M.D.; KUBACIK, HELINA M.D.; NAWAZ, KHALID M.D.; OWDAH, MAHA B.Sc. Author Information
Standardized Reporting of Laboratory Data
Authors: D. S. Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract The international trend to standardization of measurements may have considerable impact on the practice of medicine in this country. The International System (SI) of measurement is based on seven fundamental quantities — mass, time, length, luminous intensity, electric current, thermodynamic temperature and amount of substance. In medicine, implementation of the SI for reporting of laboratory data will mean a change from mass units (e.g., milligrams per hundred millilitres) to molar units (e.g., moles per litre), which are the appropriate units for amounts of substances. This will create a situation in which physicians will not comprehend results initially, and yet the system permits quantitative relations between substances in body fluids to be revealed that are masked when traditional units are used. Implementation of the SI for reporting of laboratory data will be difficult, but use of the system should ultimately lead to better understanding of pathologic processes and the improved care of patients. (N Engl J Med 290:368–373, 1974)
Regulation of Tumor Metastasis by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Thomas Condamine, Indu Ramachandran, Je-In Youn, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2014)

Accumulation of pathologically activated immature myeloid cells with potent immune-suppressive activity is one of the major immunological hallmarks of cancer. In recent years, it became clear that in addition to their immune-suppressive activity, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) influence tumor progression in a variety of ways. They are directly implicated in the promotion of tumor metastases by participating in the formation of premetastatic niches, promoting angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. In this review, we discuss recent data describing various roles of MDSCs in the formation of tumor metastases.
Dobutamine-Stress Magnetic Resonance Microimaging in Mice
Authors: Frank Wiesmann, Jan Ruff, Stefan Engelhardt, Lutz Hein, Charlotte Dienesch, Andrea Leupold, Ralf Illinger, Alex Frydrychowicz, Karl-Heinz Hiller, Eberhard Rommel, Axel Haase, Martin J. Lohse, Stefan Neubauer
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract — The aim of this study was to assess the capability of MRI to characterize systolic and diastolic function in normal and chronically failing mouse hearts in vivo at rest and during inotropic stimulation. Applying an ECG-gated FLASH-cine sequence, MRI at 7 T was performed at rest and after administration of 1.5 μg/g IP dobutamine. There was a significant increase of heart rate, cardiac output, and ejection fraction and significant decrease of end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular (LV) volumes ( P &lt;0.01 each) in normal mice during inotropic stimulation. In mice with heart failure due to chronic myocardial infarction (MI), MRI at rest revealed gross LV dilatation. There was a significant decrease of LV ejection fraction in infarcted mice (29%) versus sham mice (58%). Mice with MI showed a significantly reduced maximum LV ejection rate ( P &lt;0.001) and LV filling rate ( P &lt;0.01) and no increase of LV dynamics during dobutamine action, indicating loss of contractile and relaxation reserve. In 4-month-old transgenic mice with cardiospecific overexpression of the β 1 -adrenergic receptor, which at this early stage do not show abnormalities of resting cardiac function, LV filling rate failed to increase after dobutamine stress (transgenic, 0.19±0.03 μL/ms; wild type, 0.36±0.01 μL/ms; P &lt;0.01). Thus, MRI unmasked diastolic dysfunction during dobutamine stress. Dobutamine-stress MRI allows noninvasive assessment of systolic and diastolic components of heart failure. This study shows that MRI can demonstrate loss of inotropic and lusitropic response in mice with MI and can unmask diastolic dysfunction as an early sign of cardiac dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model of heart failure.
In vitro suppression of serum elastase-inhibitory capacity by reactive oxygen species generated by phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Authors: H Carp, A Janoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) phagocytosing opsonized antigen-antibody complexes, produce dialyzable species of activated oxygen which are capable of partially suppressing the elastase-inhibiting capacity (EIC) of whole human serum or purified human alpha1-proteinase inhibitor. Serum EIC was partially protially protected by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or mannitol, suggesting that hydroxyl radical, formed by interaction of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, might be responsible for this effect. NaN3 also partly protected EIC, implicating myeloperoxidase-mediated reactions as well. An artificial superoxide rradical-generating system, involving xanthine and xanthine-oxidase, could be substituted for phagocytosing PMN with resultant EIC suppression. These results are consistent with previous demonstrations of the release of potent oxidants by stimulated PMN, as well as earlier studies from our laboratory showing sensitivity of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor to inactivation by oxidants. Oxidative inactivation of proteinase inhibitors in the microenvironment of PMN accumulating at sites of inflammation may allow proteases released from these cells to more readily damage adjacent connective tissue structures.
Lack of skin test reactivity to common mycobacterial antigens in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals with high CD4 counts.
Authors: S. H. Khoo, E. G. Wilkins, I. S. Fraser, A. A. Hamour, J. L. Stanford
Journal: Thorax (1996)

T cell response to mycobacterial antigens may be directed against those antigens common to all mycobacteria (group i), those restricted to slow (group ii) or fast growers (group iii), or those which are species- or subspecies-specific (group iv). These responses were assessed by skin testing patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and healthy controls with reagents derived from different strains of mycobacteria.Skin test responses to new tuberculins prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M avium serotypes 4 and 8, and either M intracellulare or M flavescens antigens were evaluated prospectively in 51 HIV infected patients and 67 healthy controls.Assessment of induration at 72 hours showed absence of skin test response to common mycobacterial antigens in all 27 HIV positive patients with CD4 counts of > or = 400/mm3 (range 400-1594, median 540) compared with 27% reactivity in controls; complete anergy was demonstrated in 24 patients with CD4 counts of < 400/mm3. By contrast, no difference in species or subspecies-specific responses was found between healthy controls and HIV positive patients with CD4 counts of > or = 400/mm3.Subsets of CD4+ T helper cells are instrumental in determining the balance between cell-mediated and humoral immunity. One T helper subset (TH1) produces cytokines that increase cellular immunity and is stimulated by group i common mycobacterial antigens. Lack of this response, but preservation of responses to species-specific antigens while CD4 counts are near normal, may indicate an early failing of TH1 immunity and explain the increased susceptibility of HIV positive patients to mycobacterial infection early on in the evolution of their HIV infection.
Report clears researcher who broke drug company agreement
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A new report has urged Canada's federal government to do more to curb attempts by pharmaceutical companies to influence the conduct and publication of clinical studies carried out by researchers into their products.

The report, commissioned by the Canadian Association of University Teachers, follows a four year dispute at the Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, centring on attempts by a drug company to prevent publication of results of a trial that were unfavourable in relation to one of its products.

The dispute began after researcher Dr Nancy Olivieri decided to break a confidentiality agreement with Apotex, a Toronto based pharmaceutical company that was sponsoring her research. She published results critical of the drug deferiprone, which she was testing in young patients with thalassaemia, in the New England Journal of Medicine (1998;339:417-23).

Dr Olivieri, former head of the hospital's haemoglobinopathy programme, was threatened with legal action by Apotex and also removed from her hospital post, though she …
Use of a Computer to Detect and Respond to Clinical Events: Its Effect on Clinician Behavior
Authors: CLEMENT J. McDONALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

A computer was used to prospectively detect and suggest responses to simple, medication-related events as reflected in a computerized record in a prospective, randomized study of a diabetes clinic with primary-care responsibility. There were two categories of event/suggestions: when the last observation of a test required for medication control was too old, the computer suggested a repeat; and when an abnormality with therapeutic implications was detected, the computer suggested a specific change in therapeutics. Clinicians responded to 36% of events in the first category with computer reminders and 11% without (P less than 0.0001); they responded to 28% of events in the second category with computer assistance and 13% without (P less than 0.026). For the most clinically significant of these second category events, the difference was even greater: 47% with and 4% without computer assistance (P less than 0.0004). I believe that computer detection and response (in the form of reminders) to simple clinical events will change clinician behavior.
P148Cardiac myocytes are protected by small leucine rich proteoglycans against simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: R Gaspar, A Gorbe, J Paloczi, ZV Varga, K Gomori, P Ferdinandy, T Csont
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

It was previously shown by our group that the overexpression of biglycan in a transgenic mouse model enhances the induction of cardioprotective genes. Ischemia induced cell death was decreased by bigylcan treatment in neonatal cardiomyocytes. In this study we aimed to test whether the biglycan core protein or the glycosaminoglycan is responsible for the cardioprotective effect of biglycan. We also investigated whether decorin, (which has a similar structure to biglycan), has any cardio-protective effects on cardiomyocytes during simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) injury.