tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Andrew William Prior
Authors: K. Prior
Journal: BMJ (2004)

General practitioner Barnet, Hertfordshire (b St Albans 1955; q University College London 1980; BSc), died from cancer of the parathyroid on 22 November 2003.

Andrew did house jobs in Northampton and Northallerton before joining the GP training scheme at Barnet General Hospital in 1981. He was the first trainee at the Old Court House Surgery in Barnet, where he was later to be a partner from 1985 until his death. Andrew enjoyed photography and tinkering with his computer. He leaves a wife, Kate, and three teenage children.
Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor abrogates hepatic failure induced by α-galactosylceramide without attenuating its antitumor effect in aged mice
Authors: Takuo Inui, Hiroyuki Nakashima, Yoshiko Habu, Ryusuke Nakagawa, Masashi Fukasawa, Manabu Kinoshita, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Shuhji Seki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
When Does Serendipity Become Screening? The Deliberate Search for Noncardiac Pathology on Electron-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Aidan P. Bolger
Journal: Circulation (2003)

To the Editor:Horton and colleagues 1 recently demonstrated that extracardiac pathology "requiring additional work up" is detectable by electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) in almost 8% of patients undergoing investigation for assessment of coronary artery calcification.These findings are interpreted as offering a golden and currently wasted opportunity to treat subclinical disease, with the intention of alleviating future suffering and improving prognosis.There are, however, considerable practical and ethical considerations dependent on this conclusion because the practice described by the authors becomes, in effect, a rudimentary screening program.Accordingly, a fundamental set of principles governing the use of any proposed screening tool must be applied.Wilson and Jungner 2 were the first to promulgate these rules, and the rules have since been taken up and strengthened by most national screening organizations, including those of the United States and United Kingdom. 3,4These documents make interesting reading and illustrate the complexities of screening science.The UK National Screening Committee, for example, states that each of 19 criteria concerning the condition, test, treatment, and proposed screening program must be met before embarking on any such initiative. 4 In the case of EBCT, are the noncardiac pathologies detected important health problems, and are their natural histories fully understood?Is EBCT safe, precise, and validated for this use?Are there agreed policies on further investigation and treatment in the event of positive findings?Does early detection and treatment lead to better outcomes than late treatment?Do the benefits of this approach outweigh any physical and psychological harm (caused by the test, diagnostic procedures, and treatment)?What do we know about the rate of false-negative results?Should we stop at the liver and lungs or scan the bowel, pelvis, and prostate too?It would be churlish to go on.It is also worth noting that even for the most popularized of national screening programs, such as that for breast cancer, debate still rages as to their true merits. 5 The report by Horton and co-workers 1 tells us that subclinical pathology, detectable by EBCT, in a middle-aged, predominantly male population of patients being investigated for coronary artery disease is relatively common.It also perhaps highlights the need for more considered consent for any investigation because of the repercussions associated with chance findings.However, deliberately looking for trouble outside the validated indications for a particular test cannot be justified without applying the rigorous criteria rightly expected of any screening program.
A conglomeration of containers
Authors: I. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Record Linkage Study in the mid-1960s.:Taking these facts into account it is clear that we should continue to accept the figures of Knowelden et al as an accurate statement of the age-specific incidence of fractures of the neck of the femur in Great Britain.Incidence rates and admission rates are both important statistics in the planning and development of health services.
Vocational training in general practice
Authors: C. Sayer
Journal: BMJ (1988)

accord with the committee's recommendations, and the committee felt able to reject the recom- mendations of its visitors in 1985 that recognition should be withdrawn at that stage.In 1987 the visitors reported that, although the regional criteria were within the committee's recommendations, there were still problems in implementation and that two practices did not fulfil the basic criteria.This was discussed further by the officers of the committee and the representa- tives of the region.In February of this year the committee decided that, in the light of the reports of its visitors over six years, it could no longer recognise vocational training in the North East Thames region and that recognition should be withdrawn from 1 February 1989.Dr Stella Lowry (7 May, p 1320) asked why action against individuals could not have sufficed.The committee has no direct relation with trainers or training practices.Its visits are to regions and its appraisal is ofthe regional organisation.Any action that its takes can only be in relation to a region.Responsibility for selecting trainers rests with
Association of Cutaneous Mast Cells and Sensory Nerves with Psychic Stress in Psoriasis
Authors: Ilkka T. Harvima, Heimo Viinamäki, Anita Naukkarinen, Kari Paukkonen, Heikki Neittaanmäki, Rauno J. Harvima, Maija Horsmanheimo
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

Association of stress with psoriatic skin symptoms was studied in 13 patients with psoriasis by dividing the patients into low-and high-stress groups based on their clinical examination and answers to three questionnaires (General Health Questionnaire, a somatization scale, and a life change questionnaire). This study focused on skin mast cells and sensory nerves which are the principal components in neurogenic inflammation. Mast cells were stained enzyme-histochemically for tryp-tase and chymase, and neuropeptides substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were demonstrated immunohistochemically. Compared to the low-stress group (n = 7), the patients in the high-stress group (n = 6) had more severe skin and joint symptoms. Furthermore, mast cells positive for chymase activity were prominently reduced, but tryptase-positive mast cells only slightly decreased in the lesional skin of the high-stress group. A similar tendency was also observed in the nonlesional skin. In the papillary dermis of the lesional skin, both VIP-and CGRP-immunoreactive nerves could be observed in the high-stress group whereas in the low-stress group these nerve fibers were hardly visible in the corresponding area. No association of SP with stress was observed. This study suggests that psychic stress is associated with exacerbation of psoriasis, and stress may induce alterations in the psoriatic lesions by increasing the neuropeptide content with a concomitant decrease in the activity of neuropeptide-degrading enzymes, especially mast cell chymase.
Immune Effects of Relaxation during Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mats Lekander, Carl Johan Fürst, Samuel Rotstein, Timo J. Hursti, Mats Fredrikson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: Psychological interventions, such as relaxation training, have been applied to strengthen resistance to disease. There is evidence that relaxation can modify immune parameters in healthy populations and in chemotherapy naive cancer patients. Methods: In this study, 22 patients receiving chemotherapy for ovarian cancer were allocated to relaxation training with a clinical psychologist or to a control group. After 2 months' training, blood was sampled 2 days before chemotherapy in the patients' homes, and at the hospital prior to treatment. Results: On average, the intervention group showed higher lymphocyte counts, and a tendency to higher white blood cell numbers as compared to the control group. No significant effects were found in proliferative responses to mitogen and natural killer cell activity after intervention. Relaxation training did not modify the magnitude of changes in immune variables between home samples and at the hospital in anticipation of treatment. Conclusion: The study suggests that relaxation training can positively affect immune parameters in cancer patients, even if training is performed during myelosuppressive therapy.
Lapatinib selectively inhibits HER2 over-expressing breast cancer stem-like cells.
Authors: RL Johnson, G Farnie, RB Clarke, NJ Bundred
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5052 Introduction&amp;#x2028; Standard drug treatment kills proliferating cells but recent studies show the tumourigenic cancer stem cells (CSC) are not affected, leading to recurrence. HER2 over-expression in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) and invasive cancer is associated with poor prognosis. We determined the effect of a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Lapatinib) on CSC growth in mammosphere (non-adherent) and 3D culture in HER2 over-expressing cell lines and primary DCIS samples.&amp;#x2028; Methods&amp;#x2028; MCF7, BT474 (HER2+), DCIS.com and SUM225 (HER2+) cell lines were cultured as mammospheres in the presence or absence of Lapatinib (0.1-5mM). FACS analysis was used to measure proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (annexin / PI) rates. Western blotting was used to analyse levels phosphorylated MAPk and AKT in mammospheres. 3D matrigel culture of cell lines and primary DCIS cells was carried out with and without Lapatinib (1mM), the size and number of colonies grown were assessed. Statistical analysis was by unpaired 2-tailed T test.&amp;#x2028; Results&amp;#x2028; Mammosphere forming efficiency (MFE) of HER2 over-expressing but not HER2 negative cell lines was inhibited by Lapatinib (at IC50 p&amp;lt;0.05) and the IC50 for inhibited cell lines determined (Table 1). Lapatinib treatment at the IC50 concentration in both BT474 and SUM225 reduced proliferation by 10% after 24 hours of mammosphere culture (p&amp;lt;0.05), however there were no differences in apoptosis. Lapatinib reduced pMAPk and pAKT in HER2 over-expressing cells during mammosphere culture in a dose dependent manner. Secondary mammosphere culture demonstrated a sustained 50% reduction in mammosphere formation from primary mammospheres cultured with Lapatinib, suggesting self renewal was inhibited in mammosphere culture.&amp;#x2028; In 3D culture of HER2 over-expressing SUM225 and primary DCIS samples Lapatinib (1µM) significantly reduced the size of the colonies but no difference was observed in the number of colonies formed (Table 1).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusion&amp;#x2028; Lapatinib selectively inhibits breast cancer stem cell activity by reducing proliferation in HER2 over-expressing lines measured using non-adherent and 3D culture. These findings need to be verified by an in vivo limiting dilution tumourgenicity assay. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5052.
Pneumococcal Infection in Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: James A. Hallock
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Kabins and Lerner (<b>211</b>:467, 1970) points out the devastating effects which pneumococcal infection can have in patients with sickle cell disease. The authors emphasize that the infection is often unsuspected until it is too late for therapy to be effective. We recently had a similar experience with a 9-year-old Negro girl with sickle cell disease. The child became ill with fever and lethargy about 12 hours prior to admission. Initial evaluation including examination of the spinal fluid was normal. Following antipyretic measures, the temperature came down. She was no longer lethargic, and she was playing on the ward. Eighteen hours after admission, the patient had the sudden onset of dystaxic gait followed by rapid loss of consciousness and death within two hours. The autopsy was unremarkable. There was little histologic evidence of inflammation in the meninges and elsewhere, as in the reported cases,
The Artistry of Reconstructive Surgery: Selected Classic Case Studies
Authors: Reuven K. Snyderman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In the foreword to<i>The Artistry of Reconstructive Surgery</i>, Dr Thomas Cronin writes, "This book is the coffee table art book of plastic surgery." That single sentence sums up the entire book. I can see this book on the coffee table or at the bedside of every plastic surgeon to be browsed through at leisure, read at any time of the day when a few minutes are available. One does not need to read this book from beginning to end; rather, it can be picked up at any point. One may look at a case, an illustration, or a photograph and obtain both enjoyment and instruction from it. The book has so many nice touches that in this review I cannot list them all. In fact, better not to list them, as this would spoil the surprises as they jump out from the pages. Of course, the photography and illustrations
Transfusion-Introduced Falciparum Malaria
Authors: Richard E. Chojnacki, John H. Brazinsky, O'Neill Barrett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

MALARIA in the United States has been steadily increasing, from 119 cases in 1962 to 1355 in the first seven months of 1967.1 Most of these cases occur in personnel returning from Vietnam. Approximately 1,000,000 men have now served in a malaria-endemic area, and another 500,000 rotate from the zone annually. These young men represent a sizable portion of the potential blood-donor population.* The case presented below points out that a soldier, deemed asymptomatic and with no evidence of parasitic disease on routine laboratory examination, transmitted malaria to the recipient of a blood transfusion. However, the presence of malaria in . . .
A Method for Determining Left Ventricular Mass in Man
Authors: CHARLES E. RACKLEY, HAROLD T. DODGE, YANK D. COBLE, ROBERT E. HAY
Journal: Circulation (1964)

A method for determining left ventricular mass by the use of biplane angiocardiography is described. This method was tested on 23 postmortem human hearts with left ventricular weights of 121 to 453 Gm. The left ventricular chambers of these hearts were distended with known volumes of contrast material and biplane x-rays were recorded over an 80- to 300-ml. range of volumes. Values for left ventricular mass were calculated from the biplane x-ray films and were demonstrated to agree closely with directly measured left ventricular weights. The standard error of estimate was 23 Gm. In six patients, left ventricular weights were calculated from angiocardiograms performed during life and compared with postmortem left ventricular weights. There was close agreement between the calculated and measured values for ventricular weight in all but one subject. This subject had marked right ventricular hypertrophy which resulted in an erroneously large calculated value of left ventricular mass.
Thrombophlebitis Following Liquid Protein Diets
Authors: H. J. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There is current widespread resort to liquid protein diets for weight reduction, usually without medical supervision. Many side effects have been noted in such dieters, especially if preceded by a substantial period of fasting. They include headache, nausea, constipation, fatigue, ketosis, and electrolyte changes. In the space of one month, I have encountered five patients with acute or recurrent thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities after they had placed themselves on a liquid protein diet. The thrombophlebitis became manifest within several weeks in each instance. None admitted to other known precipitating or aggravating factors, such as oral contraceptive drug use or prolonged standing and exercise. The following case 1 illustrates the need to query weight-conscious young women about such dieting when acute thrombophlebitis without demonstrable cause is encountered. The second case shows exacerbation of thrombophlebitis two weeks after beginning a liquid protein diet. <h3>Report of Case.—Case</h3>
Microsatellite DNA polymorphism of human adrenomedullin gene in type 2 diabetic patients with renal failure
Authors: Toshihiko Ishimitsu, Kohju Tsukada, Junichi Minami, Hidehiko Ono, Masami Ohrui, Jun Hino, Kenji Kangawa, Hiroaki Matsuoka
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Optimized Lentiviral Vector Design Improves Titer and Transgene Expression of Vectors Containing the Chicken β-Globin Locus HS4 Insulator Element
Authors: Hideki Hanawa, Motoko Yamamoto, Huifen Zhao, Takashi Shimada, Derek A Persons
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Hematopoietic cell gene therapy using retroviral vectors has achieved success in clinical trials. However, safety issues regarding vector insertional mutagenesis have emerged. In two different trials, vector insertion resulted in the transcriptional activation of proto-oncogenes. One strategy for potentially diminishing vector insertional mutagenesis is through the use of self-inactivating lentiviral vectors containing the 1.2-kb insulator element derived from the chicken beta-globin locus. However, use of this element can dramatically decrease both vector titer and transgene expression, thereby compromising its practical use. Here, we studied lentiviral vectors containing either the full-length 1.2-kb insulator or the smaller 0.25-kb core element in both orientations in the partially deleted long-terminal repeat. We show that use of the 0.25-kb core insulator rescued vector titer by alleviating a postentry block to reverse transcription associated with the 1.2-kb element. In addition, in an orientation-dependent manner, the 0.25-kb core element significantly increased transgene expression from an internal promoter due to improved transcriptional termination. This element also demonstrated barrier activity, reducing variability of expression due to position effects. As it is known that the 0.25-kb core insulator has enhancer-blocking activity, this particular insulated lentiviral vector design may be useful for clinical application.
Letter: Changing incidence of congenital pyloric stenosis.
Authors: J A Dodge
Journal: BMJ (1974)

this risk-and at the least avoid prolonged pregnancy.The second item concerns our doubleblind trial of chlorpropamide 100 mg a day in the treatment of gestational chemical diab_tes in women of average body weight.We do know that such a dose of ohlorpropamide is effective in reversing chemical diabetes in the mother in pregnancy-without apparent harm to the fetus4-though we do not recommend this form of treatmenit for diabetes of a more severe degree, wh-ich seems to require more delicate oDntrol during pregnancy.5-Weare, etc.,
Mouse Mutants and Cardiac Development
Authors: J. Rossant
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract Understanding the genetic control of cardiac development has been greatly assisted by the newly acquired ability to generate targeted mutations in the mouse. A number of mutations in genes that directly or indirectly affect cardiac development have now been reported, and the phenotypes of these mutations have suggested that cardiac development is under complex genetic control. Further analysis of the mouse model system should help elucidate the etiology of human congenital cardiovascular anomalies.
THE MEDICAL CURE OF DUODENAL ULCER
Authors: DOUGLAS VANDERHOOF
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Chronic peptic ulcer is now recognized as a frequent malady, and is responsible for the symptoms in nearly 10 per cent of any large series of patients complaining of persistent or recurring indigestion. Early methods of diagnosis were so faulty and treatment so unphysiologic that the medical aspect of peptic ulcer was soon completely overshadowed by brilliant surgical studies in the recognition and treatment of the disease. In the last ten or twelve years, however, there has been a growing dissatisfaction with the large proportion of surgical failures and the incidence of chronic invalidism following operative treatment.  INEFFICIENCY OF SURGICAL TREATMENT  In the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer one has to consider not only an immediate operative mortality rate varying from 2 to 10 per cent, but also the frequent occurrence of secondary gastrojejunal ulceration, the almost inevitable perigastric adhesions, the somewhat less common kinking and obstruction of the intestine
Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on Cholesterol Metabolism in Man
Authors: Lynn J. Bennion, Scott M. Grundy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

In view of the reported excess prevalence of atherosclerosis and cholelithiasis in diabetes, we investigated several aspects of cholesterol metabolism under metabolic ward conditions in six Pima Indians with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. Cholesterol balance (13.5 versus 11.0 mg per kilogram per day, P<0.05), fecal bile acid excretion (415 versus 261 mg per day, P<0.05), bile acid pool size (3150 versus 1950 mg, P<0.05), fasting plasma cholesterol (193 versus 160 mg per deciliter, P<0.05) and plasma triglycerides (251 versus 150 mg per deciliter, P<0.05) were higher during uncontrolled hyperglycemia than during relative euglycemia on insulin. The increased plasma lipid levels and total cholesterol synthesis during hyperglycemia may contribute to the acceleration of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. Gallbladder bile was significantly more saturated with cholesterol (181 per cent versus 114 per cent, P<0.05) during insulin treatment than during uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Bile lipid composition was thus more favorable to cholesterol precipitation and gallstone formation during insulin treatment than in the untreated diabetic state. (N Engl J Med 296:1365–1371, 1977)