tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Itch and scratching as predictors of time to clearance of psoriasis with narrow-band ultraviolet B therapy
Authors: A.W.M. Evers, M.M. Kleinpenning, T. Smits, J. Boezeman, P.C.M. van de Kerkhof, F.W. Kraaimaat, M.J.P. Gerritsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Narrow-band ultraviolet (UV) B phototherapy is an effective treatment for psoriasis. However, there is considerable variability in the number of treatment sessions needed to achieve psoriasis clearance. While several clinical and treatment-related factors predict time to clearance, the effect of itching and scratching on the number of irradiation sessions is insufficiently understood.Predictors of the time to clearance were assessed in patients with psoriasis who were referred for UVB treatment in a randomized double-blind comparison of irradiation regimens for UVB phototherapy.After randomization to either UVB irradiation with a suberythematogenic or an erythematogenic regimen, patients were irradiated with 20% and 40% incremental doses, respectively, three times weekly. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score was measured at baseline and every 4 weeks, and itching and habitual scratching were measured at baseline.Among the 77 patients who achieved psoriasis clearance (90% reduction of PASI), itching and scratching were correlated with the number of irradiation sessions needed to achieve clearance, with higher levels of itch and scratching predicting more sessions. These effects remained significant after controlling for the initial PASI score, irradiation schemes, minimal erythema dose (MED), skin type, cumulative dose, protocol adjustments and lifestyle factors (smoking habits and alcohol consumption).Patients with higher levels of itch and scratching need more irradiation sessions to achieve clearance of psoriasis with UVB phototherapy. Systematic assessment of the severity of itch and scratching, followed by short-term itch-coping programmes for patients at risk, might be a cost-effective, adjunct to UVB therapy.
Re: Knutson T, Pettersson S, Dahlstrand C. The use of biodegradable PGA stents to judge the risk of post-TURP incontinence in patients with combined bladder outlet obstruction and overactive bladder. Eur Urol 2002;42:262–7
Authors: Cosimo de Nunzio, Costantino Leonardo
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Abstract P2-16-04: Plasma Biomarker Analyses in the AVADO Phase III Randomized Study of First-Line Bevacizumab + Docetaxel in Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER) 2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: DW Miles, SL de Haas, L Dirix, A Chan, X Pivot, P Tomczak, L Provencher, P Delmar, S. Scherer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling by bevacizumab (Bv; Avastin) combined with chemotherapy (chemo) is associated with improved clinical benefit in several malignancies, including metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Bv+chemo was evaluated in HER2 negative mBC in AVADO where baseline biomarker (BM) sampling was included as an optional element to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Different angiogenic markers have been evaluated in trials containing Bv, with most trials having focused on circulating VEGF. Thus far, VEGF seems to have more a prognostic than predictive value as demonstrated across different indications (lung, renal, and colorectal cancer [Bernaards et al. ASCO 2010]). Trends for the predictive value of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) have been noted in two NSCLC studies (E4599 and AVAiL) and for basic fibroblast growth factor in AVAiL. The value of angiogenic plasma markers has not yet been established in mBC. Material and Methods: In AVADO, 736 mBC patients (pts) were randomized to docetaxel 100mg/m2 plus either Bv7.5mg/kg, Bv15mg/kg or placebo. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Baseline plasma samples were analyzed for VEGF, ICAM-1, VEGF Receptor 1 and 2 (VEGFR1, 2), E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 using a novel ELISA based multiplex assay. Samples for BM analysis were available for 396 pts, equally distributed across treatment arms. Median levels of these markers were pre-specified as a cut point to categorize pts as low or high. Pre-treatment values were correlated with PFS (before start of subsequent antineoplastic therapy) using simple and multiple regression approaches as well as subgroup analyses. Results: All subgroups had HR point estimates in favor of the Bv arms, with the exception of pts with low VEGFR2 levels at a Bv dose of 7.5mg/kg. In general, high plasma levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 were associated with better treatment effect in this study. Low ICAM-1 levels did not show the trend towards a larger treatment effect previously seen in E4599 and AVAiL. Further analyses will be presented. Discussion: We report the first plasma BM data in a phase III placebo-controlled randomized study in mBC with Bv. In this subset analysis, using a novel ELISA assay, VEGF and VEGFR2 were identified as promising candidates for predictive value for PFS. A similar observation has been made in an independent BM analysis of pancreatic cancer (AVITA; data on file). Plasma data have so far not shown these trends in mCRC and mNSCLC. Further prospective evaluation of these markers is warranted. Authors D.W.M. and S.L.d.H. contributed equally. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-04.
THE MANAGEMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: Stephen B. Hanauer, M.D, Filip J. Baert, M.D
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1995)

▪ Abstract The treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains empiric because of undetermined etiology and pathogenesis and incomplete understanding of the underlying immunoinflammatory events. However, considerable progress has been made in the management of this disease with the availability and wider use of newer aminosalicylates and immunomodulating agents. The clinician confronted with a patient with chronic ulcerative colitis must weigh the advantages of continued medical therapy against the potential curability with improved surgical techniques. After a brief discussion of the current classes of medicines and their pathophysiological basis of action, we focus on standard approaches to the different clinical syndromes and their complications.
Effects of a Hyperosmotic Perfusate on Extended Preservation of the Heart
Authors: SIDNEY LEVITSKY, EDWARD D. MULLIN, ROBERT E. SLOANE, VICTOR J. FERRANS, L. MAXIMILIAN BUJA, WILLIS H. WILLIAMS, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Twelve canine hearts were preserved for 18 hours with filtered plasma, with and without added dextran, passed through a Kolobow membrane oxygenator at 8 to 10 C. Active and passive length-tension curves (LTC) were obtained with an isovolumetric balloon after rewarming to 37 C with blood pumped from a support animal. Nine additional control hearts were similarly evaluated immediately after removal. The active LTC was unchanged for all three groups. Diastolic compliance was moderately decreased in all the perfused hearts. Interstitial edema was present in varying degrees in all hearts preserved with filtered plasma without dextran but was absent in the dextran-plasma group. These data indicate the advantages of using a hyperosmotic perfusate for extended cardiac preservation.
Histologically atypical Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Authors: N M Foley, M H Griffiths, R F Miller
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--Infection with Pneumocystis carinii typically results in a pneumonia which histologically is seen to consist of an eosinophilic foamy alveolar exudate associated with a mild plasma cell interstitial infiltrate. Special stains show that cysts of P carinii lie within the alveolar exudate. Atypical histological appearances may occasionally be seen, including a granulomatous pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage. In these patients the clinical presentation may be atypical and results of investigations negative unless lung biopsies are performed and tissue obtained for histological examination. METHODS--The incidence and mode of presentation of histologically atypical pneumocystis pneumonia was studied in a cohort of HIV-I antibody positive patients. RESULTS--Over a 30 month period 138 patients had pneumocystis pneumonia, of whom eight (6%) had atypical histological appearances which were diagnosed (after negative bronchoalveolar lavage) by open lung biopsy in five, percutaneous biopsy in one, and at post mortem examination in two. Atypical appearances included granulomatous inflammation in four patients, "pneumocystoma" in two (one also had extrapulmonary pneumocystosis), bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia in one patient, diffuse alveolar damage and subpleural cysts in one (who also had intrapulmonary cytomegalovirus infection), and extrapulmonary pneumocystosis in two patients. CONCLUSIONS--Various atypical histological appearances may be seen in pneumocystis pneumonia. Lung biopsy (either percutaneous or open) should be considered when bronchoalveolar lavage is repeatedly negative and evidence of P carinii should be sought, by use of special stains, in all lung biopsy material from HIV-I antibody positive patients.
More Than Sutures and Transfusions
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Violent crime, one of the most repugnant forms of human pathology, should be of special interest to physicians. But if they, as professionals, are to contribute more toward solving this problem than sutures and transfusions, they must bring to their efforts the same kind of discipline that they apply to the study of other diseases. Opinions must rest on objective data, carefully gathered and critically interpreted. A case in point is the issue of gun control and its relation to homicide.In 1968, when violent crime was rapidly increasing and the country had recently been shocked by a series of . . .
THYROIDECTOMY AND PARATHYROIDECTOMY WITH RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Enrique E. Ecker, Harry Goldblatt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

1. After thyroidectomy with partial parathyroidectomy the maximum and average hemolytic titers of the sera of rabbits injected intravenously with sheep blood are equal to or higher than those of normal animals similarly injected. 2. Thyroidectomy with partial parathyroidectomy does not inhibit antibody production. This fact is in accord with the results of Garibaldi, Launoy and Lévy-Bruhl, Lerda and Diez, and others. 3. Thyroidectomy with partial parathyroidectomy does not cause serious disturbance in the adult rabbit. If the operation is performed properly, the animals survive and only moderate cachexia develops in time. 4. After complete thyroparathyroidectomy a small proportion of the animals survive even after developing very severe tetany. Those that recover do not show further signs of serious disturbance, but in time develop a moderate degree of cachexia no greater than that of the thyroidectomized animals. 5. Thyroparathyroidectomized rabbits develop anti-sheep hemolysin of a uniformly low titer-on an average one-fifth that of the controls. 6. Injection of bovine blood into rabbits that survived complete thyroparathyroidectomy from 1 to 2 months previously results in the production of hemolysin of a uniformly low titer compared with that of normal animals similarly treated.
Norway backs downs over plan to exclude anticancer drugs from coverage
Authors: A. Hansen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

After strong public reaction, Norway’s health minister, Jonas Gahr Store, has reversed a decision to exclude the two anticancer drugs ipilimumab and abiraterone from the list of drugs covered by national insurance.

Ipilimumab is a human monoclonal antibody used against inoperable melanoma or in cases where the melanoma has spread. The drug has been shown to prolong the life of most patients by two to six …
Treating renal anaemia with erythropoietin
Authors: R. Gabriel
Journal: BMJ (1990)

and lymphoma in West C(umbria Dr Valerie Beral was reluctant to accept the conclusion that radia- tion damage to sperm cells may be a cause of childhood cancer.TFhis reluctance stems partly from the facts that "7400 children of Japanese men who survived the atomic bomb explosions ... show, no hint of an increased risk of leukaemia . .." andi "the average exposure to external ionising radiation of the Japanese men was four times higher than that of the Sellafield workers."
Assessment of Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Multiple Biomarkers for the Prediction of Incident Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: J. Gustav Smith, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Peter Almgren, Joachim Struck, Nils G. Morgenthaler, Andreas Bergmann, Pyotr G. Platonov, Bo Hedblad, Gunnar Engström, Thomas J. Wang, Olle Melander
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Aerosols causing ocular trauma.
Authors: P J Gray
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Diagnostic utility of flumazenil in coma with suspected poisoning SIR, -There have been a number of worrying case reports when flumazenil treatment has been used in mixed poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants. 2 Dr Jonas Hojer and colleagues3 quite correctly state that a normal electrocardiogram recorded before giving flumazenil to an unconscious patient will imply a minimal risk of adverse reactions.The specific criteria used to define normal in this situation must, however, be clarified: a rate less than 100 beats/min, a QRS width less than 0-I s, and a corrected QT interval less than 0-418 s.4It is also important to point out that only 10% of unconscious pauients in the study of Hojer and colleagues had taken a large amount of tricyclic antidepressants.In another study this figure was as high as 48%,' and the risk of adverse reactions may be higher in this group.We therefore suggest that readers consider the local prevalence of overdosage with tricyclic antidepressants before accepting the widespread use of flumazenil in comatose patients.
Tissue factor predicts long-term outcome after percutaneous coronary revascularization
Authors: Sophie Susen, Karine Sautiere, Christophe Zawadzki, Anne Bauters, Jean Dallongeville, Philippe Asserman, Christophe Bauters, Jean Marc Lablanche, Brigitte Jude, Eric Van Belle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Residential Proximity to Freeways and Autism in the CHARGE Study
Authors: Heather E. Volk, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Lora Delwiche, Fred Lurmann, Rob McConnell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Little is known about environmental causes and contributing factors for autism. Basic science and epidemiologic research suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation may play a role in disease development. Traffic-related air pollution, a common exposure with established effects on these pathways, contains substances found to have adverse prenatal effects.We examined the association between autism and proximity of residence to freeways and major roadways during pregnancy and near the time of delivery, as a surrogate for air pollution exposure.Data were from 304 autism cases and 259 typically developing controls enrolled in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) study. The mother's address recorded on the birth certificate and trimester-specific addresses derived from a residential history obtained by questionnaire were geocoded, and measures of distance to freeways and major roads were calculated using ArcGIS software. Logistic regression models compared residential proximity to freeways and major roads for autism cases and typically developing controls.Adjusting for sociodemographic factors and maternal smoking, maternal residence at the time of delivery was more likely be near a freeway (≤ 309 m) for cases than for controls [odds ratio (OR)=1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-3.45]. Autism was also associated with residential proximity to a freeway during the third trimester (OR=2.22; CI, 1.16-4.42). After adjustment for socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics, these associations were unchanged. Living near other major roads at birth was not associated with autism.Living near a freeway was associated with autism. Examination of associations with measured air pollutants is needed.
Chronic disease management programmes are criticised by doctors
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The German government's efforts to introduce so called “disease management programmes” for patients with chronic diseases is being opposed and partly boycotted by doctors. They fear that the quality of patient care will suffer substantially and that data on individual patients will have to be disclosed to the health insurance companies.

Health care in Germany is provided through numerous insurance schemes, which all but the highest paid workers have to join to receive treatment. These schemes are obliged to cover the cost of treating chronic disease. However, providing such care can be costly. The programmes offer a standard structure for diagnosing and treating chronic disease. The health …
Blood Lead Levels
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scanographic comparison of high frequency oscillation with versus without tracheal gas insufflation in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Spyros D. Mentzelopoulos, Maria Theodoridou, Sotirios Malachias, Sotiris Sourlas, Demetrios N. Exarchos, Demetrios Chondros, Charis Roussos, Spyros G. Zakynthinos
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE BLOOD IN RELATION TO (1) THE FUNCTIONAL SUFFICIENCY OF THE KIDNEYS; (2) PERITONITIS
Authors: M. C. Winternitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

1. The inhibiting action of urine on catalase depends to a great extent on its reaction. The urine of a nephritic has no greater inhibiting power than normal urine provided the reaction of urines tested is neutral. 2. The catalytic activity of a single rabbit's blood is constant from day to day. 3. There is considerable variation in the catalytic action of the blood of different rabbits. 4. Following ligation of the ureters the catalytic activity of the blood gradually decreases; the tissues of an animal which has died as a result of ligation of the ureters show a decided decrease in catalytic activity, when compared with those of normal animals. 5. Following bilateral nephrectomy the same decline of the catalytic action of the blood is observed as after bilateral ligation of ureters. 6. Following unilateral nephrectomy the catalytic activity of the blood may temporarily fall and then rise above its previous level, or it may fall continuously. Wherever the continuous fall occurs the animal dies. 7. When the kidneys are allowed to function but the urine is drained into the peritoneal cavity there is no change in the catalytic activity of the tissues post-mortem but a marked rise in the catalytic activity of the blood accompanies the resulting peritonitis. 8. The same rise in the catalytic activity of the blood is obtained in experimental bacterial peritonitis. This might be of diagnostic importance in determining early inflammations of the peritoneum. 9. A kidney functioning normally changes substances circulating in the blood into urinary products devoid of any influence on catalase. If the kidney cannot effect this change, these substances remain unaltered in the circulating blood and by their presence inhibit the catalytic activity of the blood and organs. 10. Nephritis (Uranium Nitrate).—A. In acute nephritis there is a marked decrease in the catalytic activity of the blood and of the tissues post-mortem. The decrease in the catalytic activity of the blood may vary directly with the amount of urine excreted. B. With the onset of uræmia the catalytic activity of the blood decreases markedly and follows in a general way the urinary findings, especially the total amount of urine. If the animal recovers the catalase gradually rises. C. Although the catalytic activity of a normal rabbit's blood is constant from day to day, the activity of blood from a rabbit in which an experimental nephritis has been produced oscillates markedly. The catalytic activity of the blood may under certain conditions indicate the functional sufficiency of the kidneys much more accurately than the urinary findings.
Publication Bias and the Editorial Process
Authors: Alessandro Liberati
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —The recent Editorial by Dr Rennie and Ms Flanagin 1 summarized the state of our knowledge on publication bias, its determinants, and the logical possible steps to counteract its existence.  While I have no doubts that the implementation of remedial actions (such as prospective registration of trials conditional on funding 2 and careful monitoring by institutional review boards, etc) will be very useful for investigators and meta-analysts, I have reservations on the usefulness of registries of trials for individual practitioners who are most of the time not well educated on critical appraisal of the medical literature, to say nothing about publication bias.  Even though Rennie and Flanagin are correct when, in looking at the findings by Dickersin et al 3 and others, 4 they point out that most publication bias is due to the investigators themselves, I believe that medical journals should take their own steps against
Consequences of saying sun is not major cause of melanoma
Authors: A. J Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 67-year-old woman presented with dry skin, facial hair, hoarse voice, and weight gain. She was hypertensive (168/ 96 mm Hg), her haemoglobin concentration was 19 g/l, and haematocrit was 55.7%. The diagnosis of probable secondary polycythaemia was made. Blood testosterone concentration was 44 nmol/l (normal &lt; 5) and was not suppressed by dexamethasone, suggesting a neoplastic source rather than a pituitary abnormality. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed a hypoechoic solid mass in the left ovary suggestive of a solid ovarian tumour. Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed following which testosterone concentration returned to normal. Immunocytochemistry provided evidence of renin synthesis. This is a case of an unusual steroid cell tumour that caused virilisation accompanied by symptoms of secondary polycythaemia presumably as a result of erythropoietin production. This is the second case of a steroid cell tumour with an erythropoietic effect and the first that shows evidence of renin synthesis.