tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physicians and Journalists
Authors: Ellen Robinson-Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> As a medical writer for a large California newspaper I was most disappointed to read the report in the Aug 8 issue ofThe Journalabout the Case Western Reserve conference on journalism and ethics, at which the journalists apparently agreed that training researchers to deal with the media was a bad idea.<sup>1</sup> In the course of interviewing hundreds of medical clinicians and researchers, I occasionally have found one who understands what reporters need. More often I find them ignorant of our methods and, as a consequence, afraid of encounters with us. To suggest, as my colleagues apparently did, that training physicians to deal with journalists will create a group of media-savvy physicians who would manipulate the media is absurd. There is already such a group actively doing just that. There is a much larger and growing group of physicians who refuse to take media
Epigenetics of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: A PETRONIS
Journal: Gut (2000)

Understanding the causes and molecular mechanisms of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two forms of idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a major challenge in gastroenterology research.Significant eVort has been invested in uncovering genetic and environmental factors which may increase the risk of IBD, but progress has been slow, and no IBD specific factors have been detected so far.In this article we suggest that in addition to mutant genes and a hazardous environment, epigenetic factors may be relevant in understanding the aetiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.This hypothesis is based on a number of clinical and molecular findings in IBD studies such as: (i) the maternal eVect in transmission of IBD from aVected parent to oVspring; (ii) parental diVerences in the degree of genetic anticipation; (iii) discordance of monozygotic twins aVected by IBD; (iv) genetic association studies demonstrating evidence for aberrant regulation of expression of cytokine genes; (v) sex eVects in association with HLA alleles and haplotypes; and (vi) epigenetic aspects of IBD treatment.It is suggested that inherited and/or acquired epigenetic defects, or epimutations, may be of aetiological and pathogenic importance in IBD.Epigenetic studies of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may have a significant impact on the field of IBD research.
Errors Today and Errors Tomorrow
Authors: Donald M. Berwick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

If the Institute of Medicine is right, then at the very least, 100 patients will die in hospitals in the United States today because of injuries from their care, not from their diseases. How many will die tomorrow?Tom Nolan, one of the leading quality-improvement scholars of our time, identifies three essential preconditions for improvement: will, ideas, and execution.1 Improvement requires will, because durable improvement is not an accident; it takes effort. Left alone, systems tend to deteriorate. Roads decay until someone decides to repair them. Patients will suffer injuries from care until someone decides otherwise.Improvement requires ideas, because . . .
551 INTRAHEPATIC CCCDNA BURDEN AND SEVERITY OF HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HBV-ASSOCIATED HCC
Authors: F. Manizate, M.I. Fiel, M.E. Schwartz, D.M. Labow, S. Roayaie, D. Dieterich, W. Luan, S.P. Hiotis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Appetite for patient safety in England falls behind that in the rest of the UK, conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The NHS in England needs to rediscover its zeal for making healthcare safer because energy for the cause has “dissipated,” a leading health improvement expert has said.

Stephen Thornton, chief executive of the Health Foundation, told the Patient Safety Congress 2012 in Birmingham on 29 May that there was a “problem” with patient safety in England compared with the rest of the UK.

He said he could not see the same passion of a decade ago which stemmed from a “real sense of moral outrage” over care deficiencies and took its cue from inspiring national leadership in the NHS.

He said more effective coordination was to be found in Wales, …
Phase II Study of Carboplatin Combined with Biweekly Docetaxel for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Osamu Ishimoto, Shunichi Sugawara, Akira Inoue, Takashi Ishida, Mitsuru Munakata, Sadahiro Koinumaru, Yukihiro Hasegawa, Toshiro Suzuki, Hiroshi Miki, Yasuo Saijo, Toshihiro Nukiwa
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
814 ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER GENE POLYMORPHISMS AS INDEPENDENT PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR SEVERE RECURRENT HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: S. Iacob, V.R. Cicinnati, A. Dechene, C.G. Klein, I. Popescu, A. Paul, G. Gerken, S. Beckebaum
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Erythropoietin and Pregnancy
Authors: Martin Kosmin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The patient described by Lehman and Alcoff in their article "Pure Red Cell Hypoplasia in Pregnancy" (1982;247:1170) is reminiscent of two patients that we described in abstract form' and more completely at the American Society of Hematology meeting in New Orleans, in December 1966. These patients had anemias during pregnancy that were characterized by decreased erythropoiesis, normal red cell survival, and sharply reduced urinary erythropoietin levels, all of which became normal following delivery. Further studies on the relationship between erythropoietin and pregnancy were planned, but circumstances prevented their performance. It might be useful to reconsider this relationship utilizing current technology.
Effects of Optimal Medical Treatment With or Without Coronary Revascularization on Angina and Subsequent Revascularizations in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Gilles R. Dagenais, Jiang Lu, David P. Faxon, Kenneth Kent, Rodrigo M. Lago, Carlos Lezama, Whady Hueb, Melvin Weiss, James Slater, Robert L. Frye
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— In the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial, an initial strategy of coronary revascularization and optimal medical treatment (REV) compared with an initial optimal medical treatment with the option of subsequent revascularization (MED) did not reduce all-cause mortality or the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable ischemic heart disease. In the same population, we tested whether the REV strategy was superior to the MED strategy in preventing worsening and new angina and subsequent coronary revascularizations. Methods and Results— Among the 2364 men and women (mean age, 62.4 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus, documented coronary artery disease, and myocardial ischemia, 1191 were randomized to the MED and 1173 to the REV strategy preselected in the percutaneous coronary intervention (796) and coronary artery bypass graft (377) strata. Compared with the MED strategy, the REV strategy at the 3-year follow-up had a lower rate of worsening angina (8% versus 13%; P &lt;0.001), new angina (37% versus 51%; P =0.001), and subsequent coronary revascularizations (18% versus 33%; P &lt;0.001) and a higher rate of angina-free status (66% versus 58%; P =0.003). The coronary artery bypass graft stratum patients were at higher risk than those in the percutaneous coronary intervention stratum, and had the greatest benefits from REV. Conclusions— In these patients, the REV strategy reduced the occurrence of worsening angina, new angina, and subsequent coronary revascularizations more than the MED strategy. The symptomatic benefits were observed particularly for high-risk patients. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00006305.
Fine-tuning nucleophosmin in macrophage differentiation and activation
Authors: Leslie Guery, Naïma Benikhlef, Thomas Gautier, Catherine Paul, Gaetan Jego, Erick Dufour, Arnaud Jacquel, Radj Cally, Bénédicte Manoury, Tom Vanden Berghe, Peter Vandenabeele, Nathalie Droin, Eric Solary
Journal: Blood (2011)
β-Cell Function and the Development of Diabetes-Related Complications in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
Authors: Michael W. Steffes, Shalamar Sibley, Melissa Jackson, William Thomas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

In patients with type 1 diabetes, measurement of connecting peptide (C-peptide), cosecreted with insulin from the islets of Langerhans, permits estimation of remaining β-cell secretion of insulin. In this retrospective analysis to distinguish the incremental benefits of residual β-cell activity in type 1 diabetes, stimulated (90 min following ingestion of a mixed meal) C-peptide levels at entry in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) were related to measures of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy and to incidents of severe hypoglycemia. Based on the analytical sensitivity of the assay (0.03 nmol/l) and study entry criteria, the DCCT subjects were divided into four groups of stimulated C-peptide responses: ≤0.03, 0.04–0.20, 0.21–0.50 nmol/l at entry, and 0.21–0.50 nmol/l at entry and at least 1 year later (sustained C-peptide secretion). Uniformly in the intensive and partially in the conventional DCCT treatment groups, any C-peptide secretion, but especially at higher and sustained levels of stimulated C-peptide, was associated with reduced incidences of retinopathy (both a single three-step change and a repeated three-step change on the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] scale at the next 6 month visit) and nephropathy (both albuminuria &amp;gt;40 mg/24 h once and repeated at the next annual visit). There were also differences in severe hypoglycemia across C-peptide levels in both treatment groups. In the intensively treated cohort there were essentially identical prevalences of severe hypoglycemia (∼65% of participants) in the first three groups; however, those subjects with mixed-meal stimulated C-peptide level &amp;gt;0.20 nmol/l for at least baseline and the first annual visit in the DCCT experienced a reduced prevalence of ∼30%. Therefore, even modest levels of β-cell activity at entry in the DCCT were associated with reduced incidences of retinopathy and nephropathy. Also, continuing C-peptide (insulin) secretion is important in avoiding hypoglycemia (the major complication of intensive diabetic therapy).
An Assessment of Antibacterial Treatment Used Alone or in Association with Surgical Operation in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: J. R. Edge, W. H. Helm, M. R. Geake, R. L. Ward
Journal: Thorax (1961)

slope containing 5 MAg. of isoniazid, 3 Ixg. of strepto- mycin, or 2 pg. of P.A.S.The level for isoniazid is perhaps high, but we chose it because at that time we were finding a number of strains which were growing in 1 pg.before treatment, and were uncertain of the significance of this.We maintained this criterion of 5 yg.throughout the investigation.Relapse was accepted on convincing radiological evidence alone or on recovery of the tubercle bacillus copyright.
Quality in Health Care
Authors: Joseph F. O'Donnell
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<b>Quality Management in Health Care</b>, Glenn Laffel, editor, quarterly, $129, Rockville, Md, Aspen Publishers Inc, fall 1992-. Virtually every discipline and field of study has been touched in some way by the concept and study of total quality management, continuous quality improvement, and other similar programs, which derive a canon from operations research, management theory, and behavioral science. Medicine is no exception, but, until the late 1980s, the literature in this area was relatively small. The Quality Review Center of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals inaugurated the first periodical devoted to the topic when<i>QRB: Quality Review Bulletin</i>began publication in 1974. This venerable title was alone until 1986, when the American College of Medical Quality launched<i>Quality Assurance and Utilization Review</i>, now titled<i>American Journal of Medical Quality. Quality Assurance in Health Care</i>, the official journal of the International Society for Quality Assurance, began publication in 1989.
Clinical outcomes and peritoneal histology in patients starting peritoneal dialysis are related to diabetic status and serum albumin levels
Authors: J.-C. Contreras-Velázquez, V. Soto, Y. Jaramillo-Rodríguez, L.-I. Samaniego-Ríos, V. Quiñones-Pérez, M. Ávila, D. Amato, R. Paniagua
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Summertime Pneumonias in Philadelphia in 1976
Authors: Robert G. Sharrar, Harvey M. Friedman, Wallace T. Miller, Mitchell J. Yanak, Elias Abrutyn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Summertime pneumonias in Philadelphia during 1976 were studied epidemiologically, and the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory features of pneumonia cases serologically positive for Legionnaires' disease were compared with features of serologically negative cases. Both groups were similar in many respects, but in patients with Legionnaires' disease diarrhea and neurologic findings were significantly more frequent (P = 0.01 and P = 0.05 respectively). A diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease was also suggested by an elevated serum creatinine phosphokinase level (P = 0.02) and the presence of occult blood in the urine with fewer than six erythrocytes per highpower field. Abnormalities in renal function tests or liver function tests were commoner in patients with Legionnaires' disease (P = 0.05). Radiographic features, however, could not be used to separate pneumonia cases. The high frequency of extrapulmonary manifestations involving the gastrointestinal tract, the central nervous system, kidneys, and liver suggests that Legionnaires' disease is a multisystemic disorder possibly caused by a toxin-producing organism.
OBSTETRICS IN WARTIME
Authors: O. LEE SCHATTENBURG
Journal: JAMA (1942)

On Sunday morning Dec. 7, 1941, out of literally a clear sky, Honolulu and its environs suddenly suffered a severe bombing. The details of the damage done, the number of civilian and military casualties and the military aspects of the problem are not the purpose or province of this paper. The sudden violence of this catastrophe did awaken the world to the possibility that a similar event might happen almost anywhere else.  Much will be written and much will be said regarding the care of casuals, emergency aid stations, police and fire protection and a number of other phases of community activity under similar circumstances: the specific problem of this paper is to consider obstetric management under crisis conditions. It is probable that this problem is just as real as the aforementioned problems; it is also probable that this problem as it existed in Honolulu would be paralleled in any other
Treatment of Non-neoplastic Stenoses with the Neodymium-YAG Laser - Indications and Limitations
Authors: R. Sander, H. Poesl
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Since July, 1983, 26 symptomatic, non-neoplastic stenoses have been treated with Nd:YAG laser coagulation. In 22 cases, the treatment was definitively successful. The patients' symptoms were eliminated, and surgery was obviated. Two patients are still undergoing treatment. The average follow-up time was approximately 1 year.
Nocturnal saturation and respiratory muscle function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: Y F Heijdra, P N Dekhuijzen, C L van Herwaarden, H T Folgering
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Nocturnal desaturations, mainly caused by hypoventilation, occur frequently in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Daytime arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (PaO2 and PaCO2) appear to predict which patients will desaturate at night. It is unknown if respiratory muscle strength, which may be decreased in these patients, plays an additional part.Polysomnography, maximal respiratory pressures, lung function, and arterial blood gas tensions were measured in 34 patients with COPD (mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 41.7 (19.9)% pred).Significant correlations were found between the mean nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation and maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (r = 0.65), maximal inspiratory transdiaphragmatic pressure (r = 0.53), FEV1 (r = 0.61), transfer coefficient (KCO) (r = 0.38), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) (r = 0.75), and PaCO2 (r = -0.44). Multiple regression analysis showed that 75% of the variance in nocturnal SaO2 (70%) and FEV1 (5%).Inspiratory muscle strength and nocturnal saturation data are correlated, but daytime SaO2 and FEV1 remain the most important predictors of nocturnal saturation.
Atopic dermatitis, filaggrin mutations and irritant contact dermatitis
Authors: J.P. Thyssen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Atopic dermatitis, filaggrin mutations and irritant contact dermatitis Get access J.P. Thyssen J.P. Thyssen National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato‐Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark E‐mail: jacob.p.thyssen@regionh.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 168, Issue 2, 1 February 2013, Pages 233–234, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12155 Published: 01 February 2013
Acute gastrointestinal effects of graded levels of copper in drinking water.
Authors: F Pizarro, M Olivares, R Uauy, P Contreras, A Rebelo, V Gidi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The objective of this study was to determine the acute gastrointestinal effects caused by the consumption of drinking water containing graded levels of added copper. Sixty healthy, adult women were randomly assigned to receive copper [Cu(II)] at four concentrations in their drinking water following a Latin-square design. Each group (n = 15) received tap water with no added copper, 1, 3, and 5 mg Cu/l of added copper sulfate for a 2-week study period, followed by 1 week of standard tap water. The subjects recorded their water consumption and gastrointestinal symptoms daily on a special form. The average daily consumption of water was 1.64 liters per subject, regardless of the amount of copper added. Final serum copper, ceruloplasmin, and liver enzymes were measured in all subjects and were not different from baseline concentrations. Twenty-one subjects (35%) recorded gastrointestinal disturbances sometime during the study, 9 had diarrhea, some with abdominal pain and vomiting, and 12 subjects presented abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. There was no association between copper levels in drinking water and diarrhea. However, nausea, abdominal pain, or vomiting were significantly related to copper concentrations in water. The recorded incidence rate of these symptoms was 5, 2, 17, and 15% while ingesting water with 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg Cu/l, respectively (overall [chi]2 = 11.3, p<0.01; Cu [less than/equal to]1 mg/l versus Cu [Greater than/equal to]3 mg/l, [chi]2, p<0.01). When subjects interrupted their consumption of drinking water with added copper, most symptoms disappeared. We conclude that under the conditions of the study, there was no association between aggregate copper in drinking water within the range of 0-5 mg/l and diarrhea, but a [Greater than/equal to]3 mg Cu/l level of ionized copper was associated with nausea, abdominal pain, or vomiting. Additional studies with sufficient numbers of subjects are needed to define thresholds for specific gastrointestinal symptoms with precision and to extrapolate these results to the population at large.
The nocebo effect
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers investigated whether a sham device (validated sham acupuncture needle) and an inert pill exerted a similar placebo effect in patients with persistent arm pain. A single blind randomised controlled trial study design was used. The study was created from the placebo run-in periods for two randomised placebo controlled trials nested within a larger study, the aim of which was to investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture and amitriptyline in relieving arm pain. One trial compared acupuncture (twice a week) with a validated acupuncture sham device for six weeks, whereas the other compared amitriptyline (25 mg once a day) with placebo for eight weeks. Both trials had a placebo run-in period of two weeks. The primary investigation in this study was the comparison of the sham device with placebo pill during the placebo run-in periods.1

Participants were 266 adults with arm pain caused by repetitive use, which had lasted at least three months despite treatment, who scored three or more on a 10 point pain scale. Trial participants were randomised to the acupuncture (n=133) or amitriptyline (n=133) trial. The primary outcome measure was arm pain measured on a 10 point pain scale. At …
Characterization and activity of phospholipase A2 in normal human epidermis and in lesion-free epidermis of patients with psoriasis or eczema
Authors: SUSAN FORSTER, ELIZABETH ILDERTON, J. F. B. NORRIS, R. SUMMERLY, H. J. YARDLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

The kinetic properties of phospholipase A2 isolated from single large specimens of normal human epidermis and 'uninvolved' (lesion-free) psoriatic epidermis were determined. The enzymes from the two sources behaved identically with respect to changes in protein concentration, Ca2+ concentration and pH, but the enzymes responded differently to changes in substrate concentration. Furthermore, the specific activity of the enzyme derived from lesion-free psoriatic epidermis was higher than that from normal epidermis under all conditions used. Increased specific activity of the enzyme in the lesion-free epidermis was also found when biopsy specimens taken from thirty-five patients with psoriasis vulgaris at varying severity were compared with biopsies of normal epidermis from thirty-one control volunteers (P less than 0.001). Mixing experiments, in which homogenates of lesion-free psoriatic epidermis and control epidermis were combined, suggested that the relatively low activity of the enzyme in normal epidermis was due to the presence of an inhibitor. As the activity of the enzyme was not elevated in the lesion-free epidermis from twelve cases of eczema, which is also an inflammatory condition of the epidermis and superficial dermis, it is suggested that the raised phospholipase A2 activity demonstrated in the lesion-free epidermis of psoriasis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
The Marshfield Clinic Physician-Assistant Concept
Authors: Francis N. Lohrenz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Over a five-year period (1965–1970), 16 "physician assistants" were used in general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedics, oncology, diabetes, gastroenterology and ophthalmology, and in screening patients without appointments. Salary ranges were from $600 to approximately $1,000 per month, plus fringe benefits. Five of those initially in the program have terminated their employment or shifted to other health-care areas. Acceptance among patients is good. The physicians working with such "assistants" have to be able to define what can be delegated, with continued maintenance of good quality patient care. The relation of physician and assistant — not a job classification or licensure requirement —has to be evolved with close co-ordination between one, or at most two, physicians and a given "assistant."