tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise-induced enhancement of immune function in the rat.
Authors: J C Kaufman, T J Harris, J Higgins, A S Maisel
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND There have been many anecdotal reports that regular, moderate exercise confers some protective immunity against infection. There has been little scientific evidence to support this. It is also unclear whether training alters lymphocyte trafficking from the spleen to the periphery after a bout of exhaustive exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the effect of moderate training on in vivo antibody production, using rats as an animal model, we gradually trained 18 rats using a swimming protocol for a 4-week period after injection and booster with Keyhole limpet hemocyanin antigen. There were 9 age-matched controls. At the conclusion of training, both groups underwent a short-term exhaustive swim. The trained group showed marked enhancement of IgM and IgG production. After short-term exercise, both groups had acute lymphocytosis, mainly T(suppressor)/cytolytic and natural killer cells with decreases in T(helper) (trained), B cells, and the Th-to-Ts ratio. The changes in the splenocyte subsets were the opposite of the changes in the peripheral blood. With respect to function, after exhaustive exercise, there was a slight increase in mitogenesis and interleukin-2 receptor expression to concanavalin A (untrained more than trained) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Regular, moderate training enhances antibody production to specific de novo antigen both early and late. In addition, short-term exercise leads to selective release of immune cells from the spleen and results in slightly enhanced function of splenocytes. Direct stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system and catecholamines is the proposed mechanism for the changes seen after short-term exercise and possibly antibody production during training.
Prevalence of occupational asthma among automobile and furniture painters in the center of Eskisehir (Turkey): the effects of atopy and smoking habits on occupational asthma
Authors: I. Ucgun, N. Özdemir, M. Metintaş, S. Metintaş, S. Erginel, M. Kolsuz
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Background Occupational asthma (OA) is a respiratory disorder characterized by airway hyperreactivity caused by agents present in the workplace. For determination of the prevalence of OA among car and furniture painters exposed to isocyanate in the center of Eskisehir, Turkey, a clinical and epidemiologic prospective study in three phases was done, incorporating 312 (89.4%) of the painters. Methods Of these subjects, 190 (61%) were furniture painters and 122 (39%) automobile painters. In the first phase of the study, a modified questionnaire and pulmonary function test (PFT) were done. During the second phase, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was monitored in 52 subjects whose complaints were confirmed and who agreed to a month of such monitoring. In the third phase, nonspecific bronchial provocation tests (NSBPT) with histamine were done on 23 of the PEFR‐monitored workers. Results Finally, through questionnaire, typical history, PFT, PEFR monitoring, and NSBPT. 30 workers (9.6%) were diagnosed as having OA. Smoking habits and atopy in the OA‐diagnosed workers were found to be statistically significantly high in comparison to the other workers. Conclusions It was concluded that OA is a common disorder among automobile and furniture painters, and smoking habits and atopy were seen t o have a significant effect on OA occurrence.
Parathyroid Hormone for the Prevention of Bone Loss Induced by Estrogen Deficiency
Authors: Joel S. Finkelstein, Anne Klibanski, Elizabeth H. Schaefer, Mark D. Hornstein, Isaac Schiff, Robert M. Neer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are often given to induce hypogonadism in women who have estrogen-dependent disorders such as endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas. Because estrogen deficiency causes bone loss, concern about premature osteoporosis has prevented long-term therapy with GnRH analogues. We conducted a study to determine whether parathyroid hormone could prevent bone loss in women receiving therapy with GnRH analogues.
Use of full body scanners at airports
Authors: M. Mahesh
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Medical risk is negligible, but concerns about privacy remain

Since the attempted bombing of an aeroplane bound for the United States on Christmas Day 2009, several countries have made or are in the process of making a decision about mandatory use of full body scanners at airports. “Full body scanners” or “whole body scanners” can be classified as either “millimetre radio wave” or “backscatter” technologies.

Millimetre radio wave systems scan travellers by bombarding them with radio waves and collecting the reflected radio waves via antennae to generate an image.1 This technology does not use x rays. In contrast, backscatter systems use low intensity x rays to scan the body. The x rays do not penetrate the body but bounce off the skin, and are then captured by detectors to create images. These x rays are useful for detecting objects hidden under clothing and taped on the skin but not for detecting objects hidden inside the body.2 For this, transmission x ray systems are needed.2 The table⇓ lists the doses of radiation produced by backscatter systems and the number of backscatter scans needed to yield …
RADIUM THERAPY FOR VULVAR CONDYLOMAS
Authors: S. L. WOLTERS
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The total removal of condylomata acuminata of the vulva and vagina and the complete protection against a recurrence is a problem which occasionally confronts the gynecologist and obstetrician. The prevalent therapy by excision, cauterization and the like with the hazard of serious loss of blood, excessive scarring and temporary incapacitation has not proved satisfactory. Disagreement on treatment is fostered by the views of various authorities as to the most satisfactory method. The subject is discussed only briefly in standard works on dermatology and on gynecology and in the literature very rarely. To evaluate the use of radium on condylomata acuminata 11 cases have been observed frequently and over a prolonged period. The procedure was not only successful but also convenient, safe and simple and with minimal inconvenience for the patient. This report comes forth not because it is new but because detailed description in the literature to guide the therapeutist
Rubella Epidemic in a Maternity Unit
Authors: S. Carne, C. J. Dewhurst, R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Four cases of rubella, the last confirmed by laboratory tests, occurred among the nurses of a large obstetric unit. Immediate measures were taken to prevent the spread of the infection to pregnant patients and staff, and none was in fact infected. Persons susceptible to rubella and who become infected may pose a real danger to women in early stages of gestation during the incubation period. We recommend that the immune status of medical and nursing personnel working in obstetric departments should be ascertained serologically, and that rubella vaccine should be offered to those who are susceptible.
Smoke Vapours and Carcinogenesis
Authors: W. W. Foster
Journal: BMJ (1959)

No doubt there are a number of cases for whom the operations described in the article and performed after confinement, when the vulval varicosities refuse to improve, will mean all the difference between severe handicap and the feeling of wellbeing and strength.The surgical procedures described, undertaken during pregnancy in a very highly vascularized field around the pregnant uterus, would need a very strong and urgent indication indeed.-Iam, etc.,
Amiodarone increases plasma digoxin concentrations.
Authors: J O Moysey, N S Jaggarao, E N Grundy, D A Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Amiodarone increases plasma digoxin concentrationsAs treatment regimens become more complex the dangers of drug interaction increase.We observed that several patients receiving maintenance digoxin treatment abruptly developed clinical evidence of toxicity when amiodarone, a newly available antiarrhythmic agent, was administered in addition.We therefore studied several patients to determine the response of plasma digoxin concentrations to treatment with amiodarone.
Hereditary angio-oedema with normal C1 inhibitor in a family with affected women and men
Authors: K. Bork, D. Gül, G. Dewald
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Hereditary angio‐oedema with normal C1 inhibitor in a family with affected women and men Get access K. Bork, K. Bork Department of Dermatology, Johannes‐Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany Konrad Bork. E‐mail: bork@hautklinik.klinik.uni‐mainz.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Gül, D. Gül Department of Dermatology, Johannes‐Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Dewald G. Dewald Department of Dermatology, Johannes‐Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 3, 1 March 2006, Pages 542–545, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07048.x Published: 01 March 2006 Article history Accepted: 13 June 2005 Published: 01 March 2006
Major US consumer group asks FDA to ban drug for diabetes
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Public Citizen, a US national consumer advocacy group, has petitioned the US Food and Drug Administration to ban the drug rosiglitazone (sold as Avandia), which is prescribed for type 2 diabetes.

The group said that liver failure, often fatal, was a newly documented risk with the drug, which is made by GlaxoSmithKline. Previously the drug had been linked to an increased risk of heart attacks, heart failure, bone fractures, and eye problems, Public Citizen said.

The drug now carries a “black box” warning from the …
CORTICOTROPIN IN EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA
Authors: Lowell L. Henderson
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The effect of corticotropin (ACTH) on circulating eosinophils and certain collagen diseases led us to use it in a case of eosinophilic granuloma. We hoped that it would cause a regression of the lesion by its action on the proliferating collagenous stroma and on the masses of eosinophils contained therein. Since we have found no report in the literature of the effect of the drug on this disease, we are reporting this case.  REPORT OF A CASE  A 32-year-old farmer came to the clinic May 2, 1949, because of a swollen jaw. He gave a history of pain in the left posterior part of the lower jaw in September, 1948, which had led to removal of the molars in that region. One month later the gums had become painful, had broken open, and had drained. In December, 1948, the right lower molars had been removed, and this procedure was followed
Diaspirin Crosslinked Hemoglobin Improves Systemic Oxygen Uptake in Oxygen Supply–dependent Septic Rats
Authors: ANDREAS W. SIELENKÄMPER, IAN H. CHIN-YEE, CLAUDIO M. MARTIN, WILLIAM J. SIBBALD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) is a cell-free hemoglobin derived from human erythrocytes. DCLHb has been shown to improve blood flow to vital organs in healthy and septic animals. In this study, we determined the efficacy of DCLHb by comparing its effect on systemic O2 uptake to freshly stored and aged red blood cells (RBCs) in septic rats. Twenty-four hours after induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation, O2 supply dependency was created by isovolemic hemodilution with rat plasma. In O2 supply dependency, rats were randomized to receive an exchange transfusion of 7.5 ml “fresh” RBCs (stored < 6 d; Hct: 70%), “fresh” diluted RBCs (stored < 6 d; Hct: 30%), “old” RBCs (stored 28 to 35 d; Hct: 70%), or DCLHb (Hb: 100 g/L). We found, that survival following O2 supply dependency and transfusion with old RBCs was poor (33% versus 91.7% in the other groups; p < 0.01), precluding further analysis of post-transfusion data from this group. Systemic O2 uptake increased in all remaining groups (p < 0.001), while systemic O2 delivery increased with “fresh” RBCs (p < 0.0001) and “fresh” diluted RBCs (p < 0.05) but not with DCLHb. Systemic O2 extraction increased with DCLHb as compared to baseline (p < 0.05) and to the other groups (p < 0.0001). Improved tissue oxygenation was associated with an increase in blood pressure and a fall in arterial lactate in all groups. We conclude that transfusion of DCLHb or “fresh” RBCs was efficacious at increasing systemic O2 uptake in O2 supply–dependent, septic rats.
Abstract 2924: IGF-IR inibition induces MAPK signaling in prostate carcinoma cells
Authors: Brandon L. Morris, Talearia Young, Cynthia M. van Golen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Prostate carcinoma, the most common malignancy in men, metastasizes primarily to bone. Multiple factors, including integrins, chemokines, and growth factors are implicated in the regulation of this process. In our laboratory, we are interested in the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of proteins in the regulation of tumor metastasis to bone. Metastatic prostate carcinoma cells express the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and are responsive to IGF ligands. Therefore, it has been suggested that inhibitors against the IGF-IR may be effective against prostate carcinoma bone metastasis. Our hypothesis is that IGF-IR inhibitors will prevent prostate carcinoma growth and survival signaling. PC-3, LNCaP, and bone-adapted C42B prostate carcinoma cells were plated in a 96-well growth assay and treated with/without IGF-I and/or neutralizing antibody against the IGF-IR. Predictably, IGF-I treatment leads to an increase in cell number over a period of 4 d; however, inhibition of the IGF-IR enhances, rather than diminishes, this effect on growth. To further understand this paradoxical finding, Western immunoblotting was performed to analyze the effect of IGF-IR inhibition on IGF-IR expression and signaling. PC-3 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of a neutralizing antibody against the IGF-IR. With increasing concentrations of the neutralizing antibody, IGF-IR and Akt expression levels remain unchanged. In contrast, p44/p42 MAPK expression and activation increases with increasing concentrations of the IGF-IR neutralizing antibody. These data suggest that IGF-IR inhibition induces an upregulation of the p44/p42 MAPK pathway in PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells. The data collected indicate that our original hypothesis was incorrect. Our current hypothesis is that treatment of prostate carcinoma cells with the IGF-IR neutralizing antibody induces receptor internalization supporting prolonged signaling rather than lysosomal degradation. We are currently investigating this hypothesis using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.This work was supported by NIH/NCRR 2 P20 RR016472-09 (INBRE) and the Children's Neuroblastoma Cancer Foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2924. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2924
ANGIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES IN THE PLATELET INHIBITION AND PATIENT OUTCOMES (PLATO) TRIAL
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Kunadian, Cafer Zorkun, Stefan James, Jinhui Wu, Atif Muhammad, Robert Storey, Ph Gabriel Steg, Hugo Katus, Håkan Emanuelsson, Jay Horrow, Juan Maya, Lars Wallentin, Robert Harrington, C. Michael Gibson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
ABC of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Edited by R P H Logan, A Harris, J J Misiewicz, et al. London: BMJ Books, 2002, colour, pp 54. ISBN 0-7279-1266-6
Authors: M Lancaster-Smith
Journal: Gut (2003)

Our comprehension of upper gastrointestinal disease has been extended in the past three decades by the introduction of endoscopy, ultrasonography, computed tomography scanning, pH monitoring, and manometry. This burgeoning of investigational modalities coincided with the development of acid suppressing drugs that for the first time enabled the control of peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. However, by the 1990s, long term acid suppression for the majority of patients with peptic …
DYSTOCIA DUE TO GIGANTIC FEMALE FOETUS
Authors: E. L. Moss
Journal: BMJ (1922)

THE facial nerve becomes paralysed more frequently than any btlier single nerve in the body, and yet the cause of this paralysis is in most cases unlknowna: In a certain small per.centage it is due to inflammation of tile -vall of its canal in thb bone, following on diseaase in tlhe middle ear; or to traunia, operative or otherwise.Rarely it is caused by a central lesion, or is part of a p9lyneuritis, being then often bilateral.Again, it muay accompany or follow a lherpes of tlle face or neck, and is tlhein generally supposed to be due to the in- flammation of zona affecting tlie geniculate ganglion.But in tlhe majority of cases no definite cause can be foound; and, in default of a better exoplanation of tlle -onset6of 'tlis paralysis, exposure to' cold is blamed.-Inview of the freauency-viths Which tlhis factor o'c'urs in evervday' life, it must always'bs dtiSsi-ered" un`a1tiMsfactory exe'ept us a merelre contributory 6aus '.6 Fromi" the nature of the case, inaterial for p'thiological exainiination can be obtained but rarely.Inquiry mutst be made chiefly by clinical means.
Early management of spinal cord injury
Authors: D. Grundy, J. Russell, A. Swain
Journal: BMJ (1986)

sibility offuture spinal deformity, which can be the consequence of conservative management.Finally, it is our experience that after the early postoperative period the pain associated with the fracture is less with internally fixed spines than in those conservatively managed.No matter what hospital management is finally embarked on, the important aspect of the care of a potentially unstable spinal injury is, firstly, to recognise that this possibility exists and, secondly, to transport the patient without risking dis- placement of the spine by using the techniques described in the article.
What should we die from?
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2014)

“If we don’t die of cancer, what are we going to die of?” 

“Our objective is to make sure that fewer people die of cancer.”

This was an exchange between the presenter Evan Davis and Harpal Kumar, the chief executive of Cancer Research UK, on Radio 4’s Today programme on 29 April. It reminded me of “pass the parcel” in reverse: like the children’s party game, but where you don’t want to be left holding the parcel when the music stops. The parcel represents a person being passed from one healthcare charity to another, none of them wanting the music to stop—that is, for the person to die of a cause related to that charity’s work.

This desire to ascribe the cause …
Bacterial Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control
Authors: Stuart M. Polly
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The epidemiologic perspective that Dr Alfred S. Evans used successfully in the publication of Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control (1976; ed 2, 1982) has been utilized once more in Bacterial Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control . The intent of both these works is to fill the gap between texts of basic microbiology and those of clinical infectious diseases. They give the student or practitioner a description of the pathogenesis of infection and the interaction of the microbe—the environment and the host. An understanding of these principles will facilitate intervention and successful control of infectious processes.  Thirty-three recognized authorities joined the editors, Dr Evans and Dr Harry A. Feldman, in writing the 36 chapters. The initial two chapters introduce the concepts of epidemiology and surveillance. These are followed by alphabetically arranged chapters, each dealing with a specific clinical entity or type of infectious process. Each chapter is subdivided into 12
Insufficiency fractures of the sacrum.
Authors: D M Mathers, G A Major, L Allen, A Heller
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Antibodies to retrovi proteins in Sjogren's syndrome Sir: Recently, increased frequen( bodies to retroviral proteins has t in serum samples from patients wi Sj6gren's syndrome.Talal et al re presence of antibodies to p24 gag HIV-I in serum samples of 14 of (30%) with primary Sjogren's 4 Moreover, they found that two sa reacted with p17 protein.Coll et reported high prevalence (33%) of to p24 in 21 patients with primar syndrome.2In addition, they fox seven positive samples reactivity HIV-1 proteins namely, with samples), with p55 (six), and with No other studies have hitherto these interesting results.The aim of our study was to v findings in northern Italian pai primary Sj6gren's syndrome.We
Ditiocarb Sodium and HIV Infection
Authors: Laurent Cotte
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — Hersh et al<sup>1</sup>reported a clinical benefit in HIV-infected patients with ditiocarb therapy. To date, four other studies have shown similar results, but the mechanism responsible for this improvement remains unclear. Ditiocarb is a compound with antioxidant and chelating activities and is associated with immunorestorative properties, presumably through modulation of T-cell differentiation. Whether besides the aforementioned properties it may eventually exhibit an antiretroviral activity remains controversial. As it is a potent stimulator of the immune response, there was a need for virological observations in treated patients to clarify whether ditiocarb could have an impact on HIV replication in vivo. We have studied this by HIV isolation and cultures in 14 HIV-infected patients enrolled in a randomized trial.<sup>2</sup>Patients with stage II or III of the disease (Centers for Disease Control scale) received 10 mg of ditiocarb per kilogram of body weight orally once a
An unusual case of self-induced electrolyte depletion
Authors: D. R. Love, J. J. Brown, R. Fraser, A. F. Lever, J. I. S. Robertson, G. C. Timbury, S. Thomson, M. Tree
Journal: Gut (1971)

A case of anorexia nervosa, presenting with unexplained hypokalaemia, is described. The patient was also secretly addicted to purgatives and diuretics. During an attempted metabolic balance study she secretly disposed of food and excreta, which were smuggled from the hospital by her sister. The patient induced her husband to bring his own stools into the ward, these then being substituted for her own. The interrelationships of the electrolyte disturbances, elevation of plasma renin, renin substrate, and hyperaldosteronism are discussed, particularly in connexion with the pathogenesis of peripheral oedema in anorexia nervosa.