tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for Control and Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Intravenous Drug Users
Authors: Philip W. Brickner, Ramon A. Torres, Mark Barnes, Robert G. Newman, Don C. Des Jarlais, Dennis P. Whalen, David E. Rogers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Considerable evidence indicates that intravenous drug users are emerging as the group at greatest risk for both acquiring and spreading human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Thus, all possible methods to control the spread of HIV infection in intravenous drug users should be explored. Key recommendations are that HIV antibody testing of intravenous drug users should be voluntary, because mandatory testing is counterproductive; free distribution of needles and syringes to intravenous drug users should occur only in carefully controlled circumstances to determine its effectiveness in decreasing infection rates; and drug-free and methadone maintenance treatment programs should be available on demand to all intravenous drug users as a means of reducing the spread of HIV infection. At present, the primary strategy for prevention must be education resulting in behavioral change. Education is currently the only definitive means for controlling the spread of HIV infection among intravenous drug users, their sex contacts, and to fetuses.
Pulmonary Clearance of Radio-Iodinated Serum Albumin I 131
Authors: José Ramírez-R.
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Marked delay in the clearance of radio-iodinated serum albumin I131(Risa) when administered intravenously was recently observed in one patient with alveolar proteinosis and in another with uremic pneumonitis.1In the same study, a moderate delay in the rate of pulmonary clearance of intravenous radio-iodinated serum albumin was noted in subjects in congestive heart failure. Since this technique for measuring pulmonary clearance could have wide applicability, an exploration of its diagnostic and prognostic potentialities was undertaken. This paper presents the negative results of this exploration in tuberculosis, alveolar proteinosis, and other pulmonary disorders.  Material and Methods.—  The right lung of 28 subjects was studied. Their diagnoses, as established bacteriologically or histologically, are listed in Table 1. Six of the 18 patients with tuberculosis had no involvement of the right lung and these uninvolved lungs and the right lungs of two normal subjects were used as control lungs. The
FDA needs a more "nuanced" approach to advisers' conflicts of interest, researchers say
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A study correlating financial conflicts of interest among members of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory committees with their voting patterns has found that experts who had exclusive ties to a particular firm were significantly more likely to vote in favor of its products.

Published in the Milbank Quarterly , the study looked at 379 FDA advisory committee meetings convened from 1997 to 2011, reviewing the votes of the 1379 members who took part.1 An eighth (13%) of these committee members had declared a conflict of interest involving the treatment under review. Roughly half the meetings studied included the attendance of at least one person with a declared conflict of interest.

Panelists who had an exclusive financial tie to the firm whose …
Anorectal Gonococcal Infection
Authors: ERIC J. KLEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Anorectal gonococcal infection is common in women and homosexual men. In women with uncomplicated gonorrhea, the mean prevalence rate of anorectal involvement is 44%, with lone involvement of the anorectum in 4%. Among homosexual men with gonorrhea, anorectal infection occurs in 45%, although more than 90% of all male patients with anorectal gonorrhea admit to homosexual rectal intercourse. This infection is usually asymptomatic but occasionally presents with acute or chronic symptoms that mimic other causes of proctitis. Whereas currently recommended regimens for uncomplicated gonorrhea appear effective for anorectal gonorrhea in women, results in men have not been adequately evaluated. Available data showed failure rates from 7% to 35%; however, only one study used a currently accepted regimen. Further controlled studies in male patients with anorectal gonorrhea are clearly needed to establish optimal therapeutic regimens. Diligent contact tracing of all male homosexual cases appears to be the only effective means of control at present.
Physicians in Finnish Medicine
Authors: ELI GOODMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Abroad1 February 1984Physicians in Finnish MedicineELI GOODMAN, M.D.ELI GOODMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-2-309 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFinland, an affluent country whose population is approximately 4 800 000, has five medical schools, each contiguous to the five university hospitals that serve as the country's five tertiary care centers. The medical schools are located in Helsinki, Tampere, Turku, Oulu, and Kuopio. The explosive growth of Finnish medical services and facilities has occurred since 1960, before which time the country had had only one medical school at the University of Helsinki.Medical training in Finland is similar to the format in other countries, but differs somewhat from that in the United States. The basic Finnish medical education begins after... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chalfont, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1984Volume 100, Issue 2Page: 309-310KeywordsHospital medicineMedical educationMedical services Issue Published: 1 February 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Prevalence and treatment of chronic airways obstruction in adults over the age of 45.
Authors: D. S. Renwick, M. J. Connolly
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Chronic airways obstruction is common in adults and the elderly. To investigate the possibility that older adults with obstructive airways disease frequently do not receive appropriate treatment, the respiratory symptoms, medication use, and pulmonary function were studied in a random sample of white adults aged over 45 living in central Manchester, UK. METHODS: A postal questionnaire survey was performed on 783 men and women aged 45 years and over selected from GP lists by random number tables. Subjects completing the questionnaire were invited to attend for pulmonary function testing and methacholine challenge (Newcastle dosimeter method). RESULTS: The questionnaire response rate was 92.3% (723 subjects). The mean age of the population was 66.1 years and 57.2% were women; 29.2% were current smokers and 37.3% were ex-smokers. Asthma or bronchitis was reported by 30.0%. Two hundred and forty seven representative subjects attended for pulmonary function testing and spirometric evidence of chronic airways obstruction was found in 26.4%. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 76.6% of subjects with chronic airways obstruction; 55.0% had features which may predict potential improvement on treatment (increased non-specific bronchial responsiveness or significant bronchodilator reversibility). However, only 55.4% of subjects with airways obstruction had received a diagnosis of asthma or chronic bronchitis and only 36.9% were using inhaled bronchodilators or steroids. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic airways obstruction is very common in adults in this inner city population, but is frequently overlooked. Most subjects with chronic airways obstruction are not receiving appropriate treatment.
Snx3 Regulates Recycling of the Transferrin Receptor and Iron Assimilation
Authors: Caiyong Chen, Daniel Garcia-Santos, Yuichi Ishikawa, Alexandra Seguin, Liangtao Li, Katherine H. Fegan, Gordon J. Hildick-Smith, Dhvanit I. Shah, Jeffrey D. Cooney, Wen Chen, Matthew J. King, Yvette Y. Yien, Iman J. Schultz, Heidi Anderson, Arthur J. Dalton, Matthew L. Freedman, Paul D. Kingsley, James Palis, Shilpa M. Hattangadi, Harvey F. Lodish, Diane M. Ward, Jerry Kaplan, Takahiro Maeda, Prem Ponka, Barry H. Paw
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Lens Implants in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Spencer P. Thornton
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Implantable lenses have been in use since 1949. The early lenses were disappointing because of complications caused by material and design problems. The skepticism that resulted from experience with these early lens devices is no longer justified. Advances made in intraocular lens technology in the past few years have accounted for a dramatic decrease in complications and restoration of vision as has never been possible with glasses or contact lenses.  Criticism of the currently used intraocular iris- or capsule-mounted lens devices is out of date and applicable only to the earlier, mechanically primitive implants. It is analagous to complaining of the limitation of computers because of their weight, size, heat production, and energy consumption. This may have applied in 1950, but today, a computer of the same capacity—and better—can literally be held in the hand.  We are now working with third generation lenses—past the Ridley lens and
The novel immunosuppressive enzyme IL4I1 is expressed by neoplastic cells of several B-cell lymphomas and by tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Amélie Carbonnelle-Puscian, Christiane Copie-Bergman, Maryse Baia, Nadine Martin-Garcia, Yves Allory, Corinne Haioun, Anne Crémades, Issam Abd-Alsamad, Jean-Pierre Farcet, Philippe Gaulard, Flavia Castellano, Valérie Molinier-Frenkel
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Toll-like Receptor 7 Is Required for Effective Adaptive Immune Responses that Prevent Persistent Virus Infection
Authors: Kevin B. Walsh, John R. Teijaro, Elina I. Zuniga, Megan J. Welch, Daniel M. Fremgen, Shawn D. Blackburn, Karl F. von Tiehl, E. John Wherry, Richard A. Flavell, Michael B.A. Oldstone
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Left ventricular thrombectomy in the early postinfarction period.
Authors: A Smolinsky, Z Ziskind, R Mohr, D A Goor, M Motro
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Emergency left ventricular thrombectomy was performed on four patients soon after infarction. In three patients surgery was carried out after embolisation had occurred and when a large, residual, protruding, mobile thrombus remained in the left ventricle. Surgery was performed in the fourth patient after a high risk thrombus was detected and initial attempts to lyse it had failed. All four patients had an uneventful recovery and were discharged within two weeks of surgery. These cases indicate that the therapeutic option of left ventricular thrombectomy is feasible for patients with acute infarcts and problematic left ventricular thrombi.
Letter: Cholestyramine and diabetic post-vagotomy diarrhoea.
Authors: J R Condon, M I Suleman, Y S Fan, M D McKeown
Journal: BMJ (1973)

had a good initial response to tetracosactrin and those who did not, nor indeed between those with a low level of circulating plasma cortisol and those with a normal level.It is interesting, however, that the one patient who did show signs of a major complication during the attempted substitution had both a low level of plasma cortisol and a very poor response to tetracosactrin.Another observation which we feel is worth making is that all our patients' asthma was well controlled on a maintenance dosage of iprednisone before we attempted substitution with beclomethasone dipro- pionate.We have found that it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to make this substitution if the asthma is not weU con- trolled initially by corticosteroids admiinistered other than 'by inihalation.-Weare, etc.,
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Age-Related Nuclear Cataracts in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Christopher J. Hammond, Harold Snieder, Tim D. Spector, Clare E. Gilbert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Age-related cataracts are a major public health problem. The relative importance of genes and environment in the causation of nuclear cataracts, the most common form of age-related cataracts, is not known.
P236 Allergy services at a tertiary referral centre: a 1-year retrospective review of all referrals
Authors: N. L. Swindlehurst, A. M. Swindlehurst, S. Kaul, C. Corrigan
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A retrospective review was performed of all new referrals attending the Allergy Dept at Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT) over 12 months. The purpose was to establish the prevalence of non-allergic and allergic disease, determine the value of the investigations requested and ascertain the correlation between initial and final diagnoses. <h3>Method</h3> All 1702 new patient referrals made to the allergy clinic between 1/01/2006 and 1/01/2007 were reviewed. Information collated included patient demographics, referral source, referral reason, working diagnosis, investigations requested, frequency of abnormal blood test findings, final diagnosis, and outcome after attending first appointment. <h3>Results</h3> The age at presentation was 38±17 (Mean±SD). The female to male ratio was 3:1; the most common source of referral was primary care (84%); 54% of the working diagnoses after first consultation were allergic conditions, the commonest being food allergy; the final diagnosis was predominantly a non-allergic condition (65%), the commonest being idiopathic urticaria. Skin prick testing (65%) and full blood count (18%) were the commonest investigations requested with abnormal results recorded in 59% and 38%, respectively. 54% of the patients were discharged at first appointment and 26% were followed-up allergy out-patient appointments. The rest were referred to another speciality (5%) or to specialist services within the department (drug challenge (5%), dietician (4%), immunotherapy (4%), and food challenge (1%)). Diagnostic concordance data between referral sources and allergy specialists revealed that Emergency Department, Primary Care and Dermatology referrals were associated with a lower diagnostic agreement, (40%, 52% and 59%) respectively as compared to referrals from ENT and Immunology resulting in 86% diagnostic concordance. Overall there was a 57.5% and 92% agreement between the working and final allergic and non-allergic diagnoses respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The majority of new patient referrals seen in this Allergy Centre year did not have a final diagnosis of allergy. The diagnostic agreement between certain referral sources &amp; allergy specialists was low providing a focus for targeting allergy educational resources. Training programmes should endeavour to produce specialists competent in the diagnosis and management of both allergic and non-allergic conditions which may share similar modes of presentation.
Percentages of abnormal hemoglobins in adults with a heterozygosity for an α‐chain and/or a β‐chain variant
Authors: Titus H. J. Huisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract The author reviews quantitative data from blood samples involving more than 700 simple and compound heterozygotes for one of 21 types of α‐chain and 36 types of β‐chain variants. All samples were analyzed during the past few years by the same analytical procedure. Various factors influencing the percentages of the different abnormal hemoglobins are discussed; these include the variability of the method, the number of active α‐chain genes, the location of the substitution, the type of substitution, the effect of the loss of a critical amino acid residue, and the introduction of a new residue on the physicochemical and/or functional properties of the protein. The use of a single accurate method is promoted; it may well be that high‐pressure liquid chromatographic procedures will be the recommended methods for future analyses.
Acute phase proteins vs traditional risk factors as markers of arterial wall impairment
Authors: A. Muscari, G. Massarolli, L. Bastagli, G. Poggiopollini, V. Tomassotti, G. Drago, C. Martignani, G. Pacilli, R. Pati, P. Puddu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
UK specialists predict shortfall in breast cancer services as population ages
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

UK specialists have predicted a major shortfall in service provision for women with breast cancer over the next 30 years due to improved survival and the ageing population, with particular concerns about the care of older women being expressed in a report published by a cancer charity this week.

The report– Breast Cancer in the UK: What's the Prognosis? –published by the charity Breast Cancer Care, is calling on the government to review urgently the planning of the United Kingdom's breast cancer services for the next 30 years. A survey of 80 UK oncologists, breast care nurses, policy makers and researchers in breast cancer, in which 52 responded, showed particular concern about lack of service provision in …
765. Intravascular Delivery of Naked Plasmid DNA into Muscle for Long-Term Correction of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Gunn Rat
Authors: Istvan Danko, Zhen Jia
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: We have shown previously that intra-arterial delivery of naked plasmid (pDNA) expressing human bilirubin glucuronosyl transferase (hUGT1A1) leads to bilirubin glucuronidation in muscle and significant decrease of total serum bilirubin (TBi) for at least 2 weeks in the UGT1A1 deficient Gunn rat (GR), animal model of Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I. This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of repeat intravenous and intra-arterial pDNA delivery into skeletal muscle for long-term metabolic correction in GR.
Environment, Technology, and Health: Human Ecology in Historical Perspective
Authors: Leonard A. Sagan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Today's common environmental wisdom often lacks historical perspective and is often more trendy than wise. Merrill Eisenbud's new book helps to provide that missing perspective (as suggested by the subtitle) and, contrary to a widely held view, strongly supports the position that technological development is associated with a profound improvement in health. What may be unfamiliar to many readers is the evidence that many levels of environmental contaminants are falling rather than rising. For example, Eisenbud cites 1,000 known cases of lead poisoning occurring in the United Kingdom in 1900, including 40 deaths; whereas in 1960 there were only five cases, with no fatalities. It is the failure to recognize this historical record and the environmental achievements of technology for which Eisenbud criticizes environmentalists. They have, he says, attempted too much too quickly and in doing so have adopted poorly conceived programs whose costs have greatly outweighed their benefits. Eisenbud
WANDERING CELLS, ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, AND FIBROBLASTS IN CULTURES FROM HUMAN LYMPH NODES
Authors: Warren H. Lewis, Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

Wandering cells migrate from cultures of human lymph nodes after 2 or 3 hours incubation; they are actively ameboid and phagocytic. Endothelial cells appear in the plasma clot after 24 to 48 hours incubation. They are relatively inactive and less phagocytic. Fibroblasts are seen after 48 hours incubation. They are inactive and not phagocytic. The probable origin of wandering cells from endothelial cells is discussed.
Robert (“Robin”) Anthony Kell
Authors: Malcolm Kell, Sandy Cooper, James Mowat
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Epidemiologist who discovered the Lassa fever virus-and nearly died from it Jordi Casals-Ariet, an epidemiologist and virologist, was hailed by scientists around the world when he discovered the virus that causes Lassa fever.He was nearly killed by the disease in 1969 while working with the virus in his Yale laboratory.In a high-stakes gamble and with no known treatment, his doctors decided to transfuse him with blood from a nurse who had survived Lassa fever.The blood saved his life.But colleagues say that Dr Casals' contributions are far greater than his discovery of the Lassa fever virus."He did a yeoman's work in establishing useful methods of classifying viruses," said Dr Gregory Tignor, professor emeritus at Yale, who worked with Dr Casals.Little was known about many viruses when Dr Casals started his work at Yale. "Everybody has forgotten how bad it was back then," said Dr Tignor."People didn't know what was causing encephalitis.We had no way of telling the difference between rabies encephalitis, polio encephalitis, or other causes of encephalitis.But Jordi found ways, using antigens and antibodies, to figure it out.His work was so meticulous that to this day nobody has changed his classifications because they have all held up."
Dying of drugs
Authors: Ernest Drucker
Journal: The Lancet (2007)

Although the history of human drug use reaches back millennia, the notion of addiction itself—ie, the characterisation of heavy drug use as a disease—did not occur until about 200 years ago: first for alcohol and later for the far less prevalent opiates. But even once so identified and ensconced in the official catalogues of disease, addiction is still disputed by many in favour of more social or psychological constructions. Not surprisingly, comprehensive studies of the global epidemiology of drug use remain a novelty.
Inguinal Hernia Detected on Tc-99m HMPAO-Labeled White Blood Cell Study
Authors: Carlos A. Garcia, Mozafareddin K. Karimeddini, Richard P. Spencer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 72-year-old man had a Tc-99m HMPAO white blood cell study performed for evaluation of a possibly infected left hip prosthesis. Early images demonstrated small focal accumulation in the suspect area. Imaging at 24 hours did not reveal any increase in accumulation within the left hip. However, there was intense radiotracer uptake in the left groin. This corresponded to a large inguinal hernia.
Acquired epidermolysis bullosa due to high-dose frusemide.
Authors: A C Kennedy, A Lyell
Journal: BMJ (1976)

be reliably remembered.Injections of intramuscular iron are usually given into the buttock, using each side alternately.Case 1-An 18-year-old man with iron-deficiency anaemia received intramuscular Jectofer (iron sorbitol and citric acid complex) in the buttock.The number of injections is unknown but was definitely not more than five.Two years later he developed a fibrosarcoma of the left buttock.Case 2-A 40-year-old woman was given seven injections of 2 ml Jectofer intramuscularly (injection site not recorded) for anaemia in pregnancy.Four years later she developed a myxoid type of liposarcoma in the right buttock.Case 3-A 35-year-old woman was given 12 injections of 5 ml iron dextran (Imferon) intramuscularly (injection site not recorded) for anemia in pregnancy.Thirteen years later she developed a rhabdomyosarcoma in the right buttock.Case 4-A 51-year-old woman received intramuscular injections of iron in the buttock for iron-deficiency anaemia.Several months later a palpable thickening was found at the injection site; biopsy showed this to be a poorly differentiated chondrosarcoma.
CUTANEOUS XANTHOMATOSIS IN RELATION TO THE BLOOD LIPOPROTEIN PATTERN*
Authors: M. K. POLANO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article CUTANEOUS XANTHOMATOSIS IN RELATION TO THE BLOOD LIPOPROTEIN PATTERN Get access M. K. POLANO M. K. POLANO Department of Dermatology, University of Leiden, Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s2, 1 March 1969, Pages 39–48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb12844.x Published: 01 March 1969