tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Possible contributions of endogenous prostaglandins to the control of blood pressure.
Authors: J R Vane, J C McGiff
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Prostaglandins are primarily local or tissue hormones which have their effects at or near the site of release and are metabolized before reaching the arterial circulation. A possible exception is prostaglandin A-2, which has been proposed as a circulating hormone; however, there is no evidence that prostaglandin A-2 is biosynthesized in the mammalian kidney or even in extrarenal tissues. The prostaglandin generated and released in the kidney is predominantly E-2. Some blood vessels also synthesize prostaglandins intramurally, where their local release influences vascular tone and reactivity. Endogenous prostaglandin E-2 production contributes to the regulation of blood pressure by (1) opposing the vasoconstrictor and antidiuretic actions of circulating pressor hormones; (2) braking the release of norepinephrine from vasoconstrictor nerves; and (3) participating in the control extracellular fluid volume through its renal hemodynamic actions.
Abstract 1150: Genetic variations in microRNA-related genes as predictors for recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Hung-Lung Ke, Meng Chen, Colin P. Dinney, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of short non-protein-coding RNAs regulating gene expression in eukaryotes, which can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. To test the hypothesis that genetic variations in the miRNA biogenesis genes are associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer, we genotyped 76 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8 genes (DDX20, DGCR8, DICER1, EIF2C1, GEMIN4, RAN, RNASEN and XPO5) from the miRNA biogenesis pathway in 421 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Eight SNPs reached significant association with cancer recurrence in patients who received trans-urethral resection (TUR) only, and three SNPs in patients who received intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation. The most significant SNP in TUR group was rs197412 in DDX20, with the variant allele conferring a 42% decreased risk of recurrence (HR=0.58, 95% CI=0.40-0.82, P=0.002). The most significant SNP in BCG group was rs563002 in DDX20, with the variant allele conferring an increased risk of recurrence (HR=2.80, 95% CI=1.30-6.04, P=0.009). In addition, seven SNPs showed significant association with cancer progression. The most significant SNP associated with progression was rs3087833 in GEMIN4, with the variant allele conferring an increased risk of progression (HR=9.73, 95% CI=2.31-40.92, P=0.002). Finally, we performed cumulative effect analysis for the number of unfavorable genotype on bladder cancer recurrence and prognosis. These data demonstrated that miRNA-related SNPs may impact the recurrence and progression in bladder cancer patients. Further study in independent large population and functional characterization are needed to validate these results. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1150. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1150
“Because It Was Hard …”: Some Lessons Developing a Joint IRB Between Moi University (Kenya) and Indiana University (USA)
Authors: Eric M. Meslin, David Ayuku, Edwin Were
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

A proposed committee involving Moi University in Eldoret, Kenya, and Indiana University (IU) School of Medicine was cited by Barachi and colleagues as an example of “joint review/combined review” w...
Surgical Decision Making
Authors: Bernard Sigel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To provide succinct and understandable guidance in surgical management has been an elusive goal of many short books in the surgical literature. Many such books rely on an outline approach fleshed out with pithy narratives to explain the main points. The editors of<i>Surgical Decision Making</i>have taken a different approach, which, I believe, proves to be very effective. They have used well-annotated decision trees to recommend various courses of action in the diagnosis and treatment of specific surgical problems. All told, 140 subjects are considered in the following areas: general, head and neck, thorax, abdomen, vascular system, breast and soft tissue, endocrine system, pediatrics, urology, gynecology, and orthopedics. The material has been prepared by 119 authors, many different from the ones who prepared the seven-year-old first edition. A notable aspect of the difference in authorship between the two editions is the background of the contributors. Whereas most of the
Effects of Supportive-Expressive Group Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients with Affective Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: Luigi Grassi, Silvana Sabato, Elena Rossi, Luciana Marmai, Bruno Biancosino
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; So far, no study has tested supportive-expressive group therapy (SEGT) in cancer patients with an established psychiatric diagnosis. The aim of this 6-month follow-up study was to evaluate breast cancer patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of affective syndromes participating in SEGT and a group of breast cancer patients with no ICD-10 diagnosis. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A total of 214 patients were examined in the screening phase (T0) using the ICD-10, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Mini-Mental Adjustment-to-Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Openness Scale and the Cancer Worries Inventory (CWI). Those with an ICD-10 diagnosis of affective syndromes received 16–24 sessions of SEGT (90-min sessions, once a week), while those with no ICD-10 diagnosis were followed up. A second assessment for both sam- ples took place 6 months later (T1). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Seventy-eight (36.4%) patients were positive for an ICD-10 diagnosis of affective syndromes at T0, while 127 (59.4%) did not meet any ICD-10 diagnosis. Among the former, 54 patients participated in the SEGT. At T1, significant differences were observed in all the dimensions of the BSI, hopelessness and anxious preoccupation subscales of the Mini-MAC, the Openness Scale and the CWI. No variable at T0 was a predictor of BSI distress as measured at T1. Among those with no ICD-10 diagnosis at T0, 8.2% were positive for affective disorders at the 6-month follow-up. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; This study suggested that SEGT is effective for breast cancer patients with affective disorders, and indicates the need for prospective evaluations in order to identify those who may develop psychopathology over time.
Exclusion of atrial thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography does not preclude embolism after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. A multicenter study.
Authors: I W Black, D Fatkin, K B Sagar, B K Khandheria, D Y Leung, J M Galloway, M P Feneley, W F Walsh, R A Grimm, C Stollberger
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been used recently to detect atrial thrombi before cardioversion of atrial arrhythmias. It has been assumed that embolic events after cardioversion result from embolism of preexisting atrial thrombi that are accurately detected by TEE. This study examined the clinical and echocardiographic findings in patients with embolism after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation despite exclusion of atrial thrombi by TEE. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical and echocardiographic data in 17 patients with embolic events after TEE-guided electrical (n = 16) or pharmacological (n = 1) cardioversion were analyzed. All 17 patients had nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, including four patients with lone atrial fibrillation. TEE before cardioversion showed left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in five patients and did not show atrial thrombus in any patient. Cardioversion resulted in return to sinus rhythm without immediate complication in all patients. Thirteen patients had cerebral embolic events and four patients had peripheral embolism occurring 2 hours to 7 days after cardioversion. None of the patients were therapeutically anticoagulated at the time of embolism. New or increased left atrial spontaneous echo contrast was detected in four of the five patients undergoing repeat TEE after cardioversion including one patient with a new left atrial appendage thrombus. CONCLUSIONS Embolism may occur after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in inadequately anticoagulated patients despite apparent exclusion of preexisting atrial thrombus by TEE. These findings suggest de novo atrial thrombosis after cardioversion or imperfect sensitivity of TEE for atrial thrombi and suggest that screening by TEE does not obviate the requirement for anticoagulant therapy at the time of and after cardioversion. A randomized clinical trial is needed to compare conventional anticoagulant management with a TEE-guided strategy including anticoagulation after cardioversion.
Renal Transplantation in Lethal Disease
Authors: H. TRIVEDI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 July 1976Renal Transplantation in Lethal DiseaseH. TRIVEDI, M.B., F.R.C.P.(C), S. KUMAR, M.D.H. TRIVEDI, M.B., F.R.C.P.(C)Search for more papers by this author, S. KUMAR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-1-132_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We have read the first report of ''Renal Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma" by Humphrey and associates (Ann Intern Med83:651-653, 1975). This paper adds one more cause of end-stage renal disease in which transplantation can be done. The authors' logic for a transplant in a patient who has lethal disease is twisted. The logic of the argument is that myeloma patients who respond to chemotherapy have a median survival of approximately 40 months, and survival of cadaver human renal transplantation is 50% in approximately 2 years; therefore it is justified to prolong their life up to 40...References1. BARNESBERGANBRAUN BJW: Renal transplantation in congenital and metabolic diseases. A report from the ASC/ NIH Renal Transplant Registry. JAMA 232:148-153, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. PHILIPPARTFRANKLINGORDON MSA: Reversal of an inborn sphingolipidosis (Fabry's disease) by kidney transplantation. Ann Intern Med 77:195-200, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Transplantation Services St. Joseph's Hospital McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLight Chain Cast Nephropathy: Practical Considerations in the Management of Myeloma Kidney—What We Know and What the Future May Hold 1 July 1976Volume 85, Issue 1Page: 132-133KeywordsChemotherapyMultiple myelomaMyelomaRenal diseasesRenal failureRenal transplantationTransplantation Issue Published: 1 July 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins as mediators of the signal transduction pathways activated by cytomegalovirus infection of smooth muscle cells.
Authors: T Shibutani, T M Johnson, Z X Yu, V J Ferrans, J Moss, S E Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We demonstrated recently that the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade is involved in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in human smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Since AA release from neutrophils is mediated by pertussis toxin (PTx)-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins, we hypothesized by analogy that CMV stimulates ROS generation in SMCs and ultimately activates NF-kappaB via a PTx-sensitive G protein-coupled pathway. Our first test of this hypothesis demonstrated that PTx blocked AA release induced by CMV infection of SMCs, as well as blocked the terminal products of this reaction, ROS generation and NF-kappaB activation. More proximal components of the pathway were then examined. CMV infection increased phosphorylation and activity of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), an enzyme causing AA release; these effects were inhibited by PTx. CMV infection activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, a key enzyme for cPLA2 phosphorylation, an effect also inhibited by PTx. Finally, inhibition of MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), which phosphorylates and thereby activates MAP kinase, inhibited CMV-induced ROS generation. These data demonstrate that a PTx-sensitive G protein-dependent signaling pathway mediates cellular effects of CMV infection of SMCs. The downstream events include phosphorylation and activation of MAP kinase by MAPKK and subsequent phosphorylation and activation of cPLA2 (with its translocation to cell membranes), followed by stimulation of the AA cascade, which generates intracellular ROS and thereby activates NF-kappaB.
Mercury in Alaskan Eskimo mothers and infants.
Authors: W A Galster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The potential danger of natural mercury accumulation in the diet of the Eskimo is evaluated through mercury levels determined in cord blood, placenta, maternal blood, hair, and milk of 38 maternal-infant pairs from Anchorage and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Although mercury levels are not discernably dangerous, trends to larger accumulations in maternal and fetal RBC and placental tissue with proximity to the sea and consumption of seals during pregnancy provide the basis for considering possible indicators of neonatal involvement. Mercury level in RBC from cord blood appeared as the best potential indicator of this involvement, although relationships with the mother's diet and level of mercury in the placenta also appear useful. In this area, average and maximal mercury levels in cord blood are 39 and 78 ng/ml, respectively, far below the acknowledged toxic level in infants of these mothers who eat seals or fish every day during their pregnancy.
GSK is accused of trying to suppress editorial on rosiglitazone
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

GlaxoSmithKline faces several new issues over its drug rosiglitazone (Avandia) and possible cardiovascular problems.

The company has had to answer reports that it had asked the European Heart Journal not to publish in print an online editorial that was critical of the drug. It was also reported to have settled lawsuits relating to rosiglitazone and has faced calls for the US Food and Drug Administration to stop an international trial and demands from members of Congress asking why the drug had not been recalled.

The company denied charges, first reported at www.cardiobrief.org, that it had tried to prevent the European Heart Journal from publishing in its print edition an online editorial, “The rise and fall of rosiglitazone,” by Steven Nissen of the Cleveland Clinic (2010;31;773-6, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq016). In 2007 Dr Nissen raised the issue of possible cardiovascular problems with rosiglitazone in a paper in the New England Journal of Medicine (2007;356:2457-71).

GlaxoSmithKline’s head of research and development, Moncef Slaoui, wrote to the …
P175 ASSOCIATION OF METHYLATED HISTONES AND DNA METHYLASES WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS REPLICATION
Authors: D.K. Wong, J.S. Lin, F.-Y. Huang, O. Tsoi, W.-K. Seto, J. Fung, C.-L. Lai, M.-F. Yuen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Enhanced intrahepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitrotyrosine accumulation in primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Paloma Sanz-Cameno, Jesús Medina, Luisa Garcı́a-Buey, Asunción Garcı́a-Sánchez, Marı́a J Borque, Samuel Martı́n-Vı́lchez, Carlos Gamallo, E.Anthony Jones, Ricardo Moreno-Otero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Vasopressin and Blood Pressure
Authors: Frederic C. Bartter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

"Unfortunately, the official USP [United States Pharmacopeia] name for the antidiuretic hormone is Vasopressin." So states the 1965 edition of Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, describing antidiuretic hormone.A great majority of the growing number of physicians who specialize in nephrology would probably have supported the view implied by the adverb, at least before the past decade. (Perhaps they would also wish the official assay to reflect the seminal contributions of Sir Basil Verney, whose sole concern was with antidiuresis.)The reason for the USP name, of course, lay in the standard assay procedure; to assay antidiuretic . . .
Relationships Among Electrophysiological Findings and Clinical Status, Heart Function, and Extent of DNA Mutation in Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: A. Lazarus, J. Varin, Z. Ounnoughene, H. Radvanyi, C. Junien, J. Coste, P. Laforet, B. Eymard, H. M. Becane, S. Weber, D. Duboc
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Impulse-conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias are common in myotonic dystrophy (MD). This study was performed to determine whether a correlation exists between electrophysiological (EP) testing data and clinical status, heart function, or size of the DNA abnormality (cytosine-thymine-guanine sequence repeat).Eighty-three MD patients underwent invasive EP studies prompted primarily by the presence of asymptomatic conduction abnormalities. AV conduction disturbances were common and mainly distal (HV interval, 66.2+/-14 ms). AV conduction observed from the surface ECG was generally concordant with endocardial measurements. However, 11 of 20 patients with normal surface ECGs had abnormal subhisian conduction. Atrial arrhythmias were inducible in 41% of cases and correlated with prolongation of the AH interval (P=0.02) and a shorter atrial refractory period (P=0.04). Induction of ventricular arrhythmias (18%) correlated strongly with age (P=0. 0003). After adjustment for age, the extent of DNA mutation correlated with the Walton score (P=0.0018) but not with conduction abnormalities or induction of arrhythmias.Prolongation of the HV interval is the most common conduction abnormality in MD and can be reliably recognized only by invasive EP testing. It raises the issue of prophylactic pacing to limit the incidence of sudden death in MD. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias are often inducible, although their predictive value remains to be determined. Young age emerged as the most powerful predictor of inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Conversely, we found no relationship between ECG or EP abnormalities recorded during invasive testing and the DNA mutation size or severity of peripheral muscle involvement.
Narrative Review: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care: Review of the Current Guidelines
Authors: Bakhtiar Ali, A. Maziar Zafari
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Sudden cardiac death is a major clinical problem, causing 300 000 to 400 000 deaths annually and 63% of all cardiac deaths. Despite the overall decrease in cardiovascular mortality, the proportion of cardiovascular death from sudden cardiac death has remained constant. Survival rates among patients who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrest vary from 5% to 18%, depending on the presenting rhythm. The latest guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care published by the American Heart Association include substantial changes to the algorithms for basic life support and advanced cardiovascular life support. For unwitnessed cardiac arrest, immediate defibrillation of the patient is no longer recommended. Rather, 2 minutes of CPR before defibrillation is now recommended. People in cardiac arrest should no longer receive stacked shocks. The compression–ventilation ratio has been changed from 15:2 to 30:2. This article is a contemporary review of the management of CPR and emergency cardiovascular care. It examines current practice and data supporting use of CPR, along with changes in the management of sudden cardiac death.
A whale of a tale: Calling it culture doesn't help
Authors: David Premack, Marc D. Hauser
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

We argue that the function of human culture is to clarify what people value. Consequently, nothing in cetacean behavior (or any other animal's behavior) comes remotely close to this aspect of human culture. This does not mean that the traditions observed in cetaceans are uninteresting, but rather, that we need to understand why they are so different from our own.
Reduced 10-Year Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients Who Participated in a Community-Based Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Elaine R. Lipscomb, Emily A. Finch, Edward Brizendine, Chandan K. Saha, Laura M. Hays, Ronald T. Ackermann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We evaluated whether participation in a community-based group diabetes prevention program might lead to relative changes in composite 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk for overweight adults with abnormal glucose metabolism.We used the UK Prospective Diabetes Study engine to estimate CHD risk for group-lifestyle and brief counseling (control) groups. Between-group risk changes after 4 and 12 months were compared using ANCOVA.Baseline 10-year risk was similar between treatment groups (P = 0.667). At 4 and 12 months, the intervention group experienced significant decreases in 10-year risk from baseline (-3.28%, P < 0.001; and -2.23%, P = 0.037) compared with control subjects (-0.78%, P = 0.339; and +1.88%, P = 0.073). Between-group differences were statistically significant and increased from the 4- to 12-month visits.Community-based delivery of the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention could be a promising strategy to prevent both CHD and type 2 diabetes in adults with pre-diabetes.
Loss of Heterozygosity and Somatic Mutations of the <i>Glucocorticoid Receptor</i> Gene Are Rarely Found at Relapse in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia but May Occur in a Subpopulation Early in the Disease Course
Authors: Julie A.E. Irving, Lynne Minto, Simon Bailey, Andy G. Hall
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Glucocorticoids are pivotal in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and have significant antileukemic effects in the majority of children. However, clinical resistance is a significant problem. Although cell line models implicate somatic mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene as a mechanism of in vitro glucocorticoid resistance, the relevance of this mechanism as a cause of clinical resistance in children with ALL is not known. Mutational screening of all coding exons of the GR gene and LOH analyses were done in a large cohort of relapsed ALL. We show that somatic mutations and LOH of the GR rarely contribute to relapsed disease in children with ALL. However, we report the second case of ALL with a somatic mutation of the GR involving a 29-bp deletion in exon 8 and resulting in a truncated protein with loss of part of the ligand-binding domain. There was no evidence of a remaining wild-type allele. Allele-specific PCR detected the mutated clone at day 28 after presentation, which persisted at a low level throughout the disease course before relapse several years later. We hypothesize that the mutated allele present in a leukemic subclone at initial diagnosis was selected for during remission induction with glucocorticoids and contributed to the emergence of a glucocorticoid-resistant cell population.