tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in nocturnal and peak acid outputs after duodenal ulcer healing with sucralfate or ranitidine.
Authors: A F Kummer, D A Johnston, I N Marks, G O Young, N A Tigler-Wybrandi, S A Bridger
Journal: Gut (1992)

Changes in basal and stimulated acid secretion after duodenal ulcer healing have been previously shown to be influenced by the nature of the treatment. This study aimed to determine possible changes in nocturnal acid secretion on duodenal ulcer healing in patients treated with sucralfate or ranitidine. Nocturnal acid output and peak acid output in response to pentagastrin stimulation were studied in 20 patients before and after duodenal ulcer healing with sucralfate (n = 9) or ranitidine (n = 11). Details regarding cigarette smoking were obtained from each subject. Median 10 hour nocturnal acid output fell significantly (p less than 0.05) from 82.4 (29.1-188.3) mmol (median range) to 45.2 (14.7-144.4) mmol after healing with sucralfate, and rose significantly (p less than 0.05) from 54.7 (16.8-74.3) mmol to 86.2 (11.7-118.1) mmol after ulcer healing with ranitidine. Peak acid output fell from 39.6 (22.0-52.8) mmol/hour to 27.8 (13.8-38.2) mmol/hour (p less than 0.01) after healing with sucralfate and was unchanged after healing with ranitidine. There was no correlation between smoking and nocturnal acid output. These results provide further evidence that acid secretion decreases with sucralfate healing and remains the same or may even increase after ranitidine healing.
SENSITIZATION TO VINYL RESIN
Authors: A. C. Ivy
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  For a rather important reason I have recently explored the literature with regard to whether sensitiveness to vinyl resin is known to develop in man. I have found only one report (Occupational Dermatitis from Handling Resin-Lined Tin Cans,The Journal, Aug. 10, 1940, p. 448) in which sensitiveness to vinyl resin has been presumed. Schwartz and Russell observed a dermatitis confined chiefly to the cubital spaces and axillas of persons handling unused tin cans coated with an enamel. Three of the affected workers were given patch tests with a metallic colored dust collected from the traveling belt which conveyed the cans. After twenty-four hours two of the three persons showed a positive reaction. Although the dust was found to contain principally tin, iron and resin, it is not certain that the offending substance was a metal, a resin or other substances that might be present on a
DEATH AFTER SALVARSAN
Authors: M. D. Wadia
Journal: BMJ (1917)

aarrowing immediately anterior to the nucleus.Tho cytoplasm was ifelatively clear; and showed an alveolar structure.The posterior end was usually blunt, and-t4ie large rounded bleuharonlast was terminal or nearly g.oI Thb un4tilatingi -mern- btane w&s poorly deve- loped, -o thlat the flagel- lum-ran usually along tlbody in a more.or )ess straight line, and 'there was always .a long hr e e portioni to the flagellum.The nucleus was loug, oval, an'd oiten (livided into several
Commission targets Europe's major killer
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

This week sees the European Union launch an awareness campaign against cancer. It involves an updated version of the European Code against cancer, first drafted in 1987, and the distribution to all 400000 general practitioners in the union of a booklet outlining ways of tackling the disease.

The campaign, promoted by the social affairs commissioner, Padraig Flynn, includes 10 recommendations on how to reduce the risk of some cancers and improve the rate of cure of others; and its message is directed at a wide audience.

A recent poll of 15000 people in the 15 European Union states by the commission's Eurobarometer service revealed that two thirds of the Dutch and just over half the …
Comment: Definition vs Diagnostic Radiographic Work-Up
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The definition of the true extent of a carcinoma is as important as its initial diagnosis. The concern with identification of the tumor must extend beyond knowledge of the histopathologic variety. For proper treatment and establishment of prognosis, it is important to determine depth of invasion, size of the tumor, whether the area of spread is on the surface or circumferential, if adjacent soft tissues have become involved, and if destruction or sclerosis of bone and nerve or nodal invasion are present. Clinical assessment includes visual and digital impression, and endoscopy or mirror studies for the accessible lesions in the oral cavity. However, the importance of diagnostic radiology in establishing the "true extent" of the cancer should be stressed; this is called the "definition of work-up." The classic texts in radiographic anatomy of the upper aerodigestive passage have been written by therapeutic rather than diagnostic radiologists. The ability to correlate
Five-year follow-up of maximal treadmill stress test in asymptomatic men and women.
Authors: W H Allen, W S Aronow, P Goodman, P Stinson
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A five-year follow-up of 888 asymptomatic men and women without known coronary heart disease (CHD) who had a maximal treadmill stress test (MTST) revealed a CHD incidence of 1.1% per year. In women, exercise duration of 3 minutes or less by the Ellestad protocol correlated with subsequent development of CHD (p less than 0.001), although abnormal ST-segment and R-wave responses did not. In men 40 years of age or younger, the MTST did not correlate with subsequent CHD. In men older than 40 years, ischemic ST response (p less than 0.01), an increase or no change in R wave (p less than 0.01), and an exercise duration of 5 minutes of less (p less than 0.001) all correlated with subsequent development of CHD. Five of five men (100%) who had all three criteria developed CHD within 5 years. When men older than 40 years who had all three criteria either present or absent were considered, specificity was 100%. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of an abnormal test, and risk ratio for developing CHD within 5 years for the various MTST criteria alone and in combination are tabulated.
Surgical management of Launois-Bensaude syndrome
Authors: E. T. Brackenbury, W. E. Morgan
Journal: Thorax (1997)

markedly decreased air entry on the right hemi-Surgical management thorax which was dull to percussion.Chest radiography showed dense opaciof Launois-Bensaude fication of the right hemithorax suggestive of right upper lobe collapse.Routine full blood syndrome count, urea, electrolytes, and liver enzymes were within normal limits except for a raised concentration of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) of 747 U/l (normal range = 230-460).The E T Brackenbury, W E Morgan creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) concentration was also raised at 603 U/l (normal range = 25-195).In view of the raised LDH further tumour markers for germ cell malignancy were Abstract measured and -fetoprotein and -human The presentation, physical findings, and chorionic gonadotropin levels were found to surgical management of a patient with exbe within normal limits.tensive Launois-Bensaude syndrome areComputed axial tomographic scanning demreported.onstrated a large mass in the anterior media- (Thorax 1997;52:834-835) stinum, possibly a teratoma.There was also a congenital abnormality at the first right costo-
Polish School of Medicine. University of Edinburgh, 1941-49.
Authors: J. Rostowski
Journal: BMJ (1966)

celebrates on 4 and 5 7une the twenty-fifth anniversary of the creation there in 1941 of the Polish School of Medicine.Between 100 and 200 Polish doctors connected with the Polish School will be meeting again in Edinburgh for a commemorative ceremony.Altogether 337 students have passed through the School, of whom 228 qualified M.B., Ch.B.An honorary degree is to be bestowed on the last of the Polish Faculty's three Deans, Professor .Rostowski.His account of how the Polish Medical School came to be set up in Edinburgh is printed below.
Immunogenetic differencies between patients with familial and non-familial rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S. Laivoranta-Nyman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To search for possible immunogenetic differencies between the patients with familial and non-familial rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>METHODS</h3> The study compared 129 familial RA patients with 217 non-familial patients for the frequencies of HLA-DR antigens including DR4 subtypes, DR4-DQB1*0301 and DR4-DQB1*0302 haplotypes and HLA-B27 antigen as well as the age of disease onset and existence of rheumatoid factor or joint erosions. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Two major differences between familial and non-familial groups were found: firstly, familial RA patients had increased frequency of HLA-DR4 as compared with the non-familial RA group (68.2<i>v</i> 54.8%; p = 0.019). Secondly, the mean age at onset of RA was significantly lower in the familial than in the sporadic RA patients (42.0 <i>v</i> 46.5 years; p = 0.0020) and the difference still remained when the DR4 positive and negative subgroups were compared separately. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> These results confirm the more prominent association with HLA-DR4 in familial than in the non-familial cases and suggest that accumulation of HLA risk genes may, at least partly, explain the familial occurrence of the disease. Other susceptibility genes may also be concentrated in multiplex case families as suggested by an earlier age at the onset of RA in both HLA-DR4 positive and negative familial patients.
THE USE OF ERGOTAMINE COMPOUNDS IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE SIMPLE ANXIETY STATES
Authors: DOUGLAS MCG. KELLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

A report is made on 59 cases of acute anxiety treated with ergotamine tartrate, 37 cases treated with ergonovine maleate, and 36 cases treated as controls with calcium lactate. Results are given therapeutically and it is indicated that, while these drugs do act as antisympathetic compounds and to some degree ameliorate symptoms of jitteriness and tension, their potential hazard and the routine required for their administration is sufficiently complex to limit their use to special instances.
Supernormal conduction in the accessory pathway of patients with overt or concealed ventricular pre-excitation
Authors: Julio Przybylski, Pablo Ambrosio Chiale, Rubén Alberto Sánchez, Julio Daniel Pastori, Héctor Gustavo Francos, Marcelo Víctor Elizari, Mauricio Bernardo Rosenbaum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
Endotoxin and cytokines induce expression of leptin, the ob gene product, in hamsters.
Authors: C Grunfeld, C Zhao, J Fuller, A Pollack, A Moser, J Friedman, K R Feingold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The expression of leptin, the ob gene product, is increased in adipose tissue in response to feeding and energy repletion, while leptin decreases food intake. Because adipose tissue gene expression is regulated by cytokines induced during infection and because infection is associated with anorexia, we tested whether induction of leptin might occur during the host response to infection. Administration of endotoxin (LPS), a model for gram negative infections, induces profound anorexia and weight loss in hamsters. In fasted adipose tissue to levels similar to fed control animals. There is a strong inverse correlation between mRNA levels of leptin and subsequent food intake. TNF and IL-1, mediators of the host response to LPS, also induced anorexia and increased levels of leptin in mRNA in adipose tissue. As assessed by immuknoprecipitation and Western blotting, circulating leptin protein is regulated by LPS and cytokines in parallel to regulation of adipose tissue leptin mRNA. Induction of leptin during the host response to infection may contribute to the anorexia of infection.
RBM15-MKL1 (OTT-MAL) fusion transcript in an adult acute myeloid leukemia patient
Authors: Hui-Hua Hsiao, Ming-Yu Yang, Yi-Chang Liu, Hui-Pin Hsiao, Shih-Bin Tseng, Mei-Chyn Chao, Ta-Chih Liu, Sheng-Fung Lin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

The t(1;22)(p13;q13) is a nonrandom chromosomal abnormality in acute leukemia with the fusion oncogene, RBM15-MKL1 (OTT-MAL), identified recently. However, this abnormality has been described only in infants and young children with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). We report a 59-year-old male patient with the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia, subtype M1, who harbors an abnormal chromosome +der(1)t(1;22)(p13;q13). The RBM15-MKL1 (OTT-MAL) fusion transcript was also confirmed by the reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. This unusual abnormality is rare in adult cases of leukemia, and in children it is restricted to AMKL. This report is accompanied by a review of the literature on the t(1;22)(p13;q13). Am. J. Hematol. 79:43–45, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relation of smoking with carotid artery wall thickness and stenosis in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group.
Authors: G S Tell, J F Polak, B J Ward, S J Kittner, P J Savage, J Robbins
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking has been associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases in hospital-based studies and in studies of middle-aged populations but not in population-based studies of older adults with and without clinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the relation of smoking to carotid artery atherosclerotic disease, expressed as intimal-medial wall thickness and arterial lumen narrowing (stenosis) measured by ultrasound. Subjects were 5116 older adults participating in the baseline examination of the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based study of cardiovascular diseases in older age. With increased smoking there was significantly greater internal and common carotid wall thickening and internal carotid stenosis: current smokers &gt; former smokers &gt; never-smokers; for instance, the unadjusted percent stenosis was 24%, 20%, and 16%, respectively (P &lt; .0001). A significant dose-response relation was seen with pack-years of smoking. These findings persisted after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors and were also confirmed when analyses were restricted to those without prevalent cardiovascular disease. The difference in internal carotid wall thickness between current smokers and nonsmokers was greater than the difference associated with 10 years of age among never-smoking participants (0.39 mm versus 0.31 mm). Among all participants, the prevalence of clinically significant (&gt; or = 50%) internal carotid stenosis increased from 4.4% in never-smokers to 7.3% in former smokers to 9.5% in current smokers (P &lt; .0001). CONCLUSIONS These findings extend previous reports of a positive relation between smoking and carotid artery disease to a population-based sample of older adults using several different indicators of atherosclerotic disease.
Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Response of Tachycardia and Hypertension to Propranolol
Authors: A. D. Beattie, M. R. Moore, A. Goldberg, R. L. Ward
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In four young adult patients with acute attacks of acute intermittent porphyria tachycardia and hypertension were prominent features of the illness. Urinary catecholamine excretion was increased in both patients in whom it was measured. The effect of the beta-adrenergic blocking drug propranolol was assessed in each case. The dose varied from 40 to 240 mg daily. A response in the form of a reduction in heart rate and blood pressure was noted in each case, and in one case a marked alleviation of abdominal pain followed administration of the drug.Propranolol, when given in high dosage to rats, did not induce an increase in hepatic delta-aminolaevulic acid synthetase, an enzyme which is raised in human and drug-induced animal porphyria. The use of propranolol is therefore unlikely to aggravate or precipitate an attack of acute intermittent porphyria.
Mountain Air for Cities.
Authors: S. E. Hampton
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Milton,Ky., April 15, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The details of the plan which I suggested in theJournalof March 30, for supplying pure air to cities are as follows: Upon a sufficient foundation is a frame thirty feet high, within which is an elevator running to top of frame, for the purpose of raising the perpendicular sections of steel plate pipes, each of which is twenty feet long, and each one is larger than the one above it, to which it is securely bolted, and also of heavier plate. When the first two joints are securely joined at the top of frame they are elevated until another is added and so on until the first attains the desired height. Guys are attached and are so arranged as to maintain the pipe perpendicularly. Electric lights could be attached to the top of the pipe, and being at an elevation
Development of palliative care and legalisation of euthanasia: antagonism or synergy?
Authors: Jan L Bernheim, Reginald Deschepper, Wim Distelmans, Arsène Mullie, Johan Bilsen, Luc Deliens
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Debates about euthanasia often polarise opinion, but  Jan Bernheim and colleagues  describe how in Belgium the two camps grew up side by side to mutual benefit
Arterial Hypertension — The Therapeutic Effect of Cation-Exchange Resins
Authors: Robert J. Gill, Garfield G. Duncan, Martha A. Hunscher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE clinical application of cation-exchange resins provides a new means of controlling the sodium content of the body. Several reports on their uses and limitations in edematous states have been published,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 and one favorable report8 has been issued concerning their use in 6 patients with hypertension during a short-term study.Cation-exchange-resin therapy for hypertension rests upon three basic premises: these large, organic polymerized molecules are capable of absorbing sodium from ingested food and from the intestinal tract; restriction of the intake of sodium lowers the blood pressure in many patients with hypertension; and the rigid restriction of sodium needed to . . .
P08.08 * WHOLE BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY FOR CEREBRAL METASTASES - A COMPARISON OF OUTCOMES AT A SINGLE INSTITUTION IN 2008 AND 2012
Authors: B. Clark
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is commonly used to treat cerebral metastases. However there is very sparse data to show the benefit of this treatment, which may cause considerable toxicity. We compared survival outcomes following WBRT at our centre during 2012 to those treated during 2008. METHODS: Computerised records of all patients receiving WBRT for cerebral metastases at our centre during 2008 and 2012 were examined. Patients receiving post-operative WBRT following resection or radiosurgery, and those receiving prophylactic cranial irradiation or re-irradiation, were excluded. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of the first fraction, using Kaplan-Meier estimates. RESULTS: 217 patients received WBRT in 2008, 174 patients in 2012. The commonest diagnoses were NSCLC and breast cancer. In 2008, 43% had NSCLC and 21% had breast cancer. In 2012, 24% had NSCLC and 38% had breast cancer. Median OS was 2.63 months in 2008 and 2.92 in 2012 (p = 0.139). For patients with NSCLC, median OS was 2.63 months in 2008, 2.43 months in 2012 (p = 0.950). For those with breast cancer, median OS was 4.90 months in 2008, 3.29 months in 2012 (p = 0.374). OS for those with small cell lung cancer improved from 1.48 months in 2008 to 3.48 months in 2012 (p = 0.001). In both years, patients aged >60 had a poorer outcome. Although patients with breast cancer generally did better than others, those with Her2-negative breast cancer had a similar median OS and 3-month OS to NSCLC, although 6-month, 9-month and 12-month OS was better. CONCLUSION: Since the 2008 results were released to our centre, the overall number of courses of WBRT has reduced, as has the proportion of patients with NSCLC. Experience with the MRC QUARTZ study may have contributed to this. Conversely, there was an increase in the number and proportion of patients with breast cancer receiving WBRT - this did not translate into improved survival, in fact there was a trend towards poorer outcome in 2012 than in 2008. The best survival outcomes were in younger patients with Her2-positive breast cancer. Because of the limited survival for the majority of patients after WBRT, patient selection is paramount, requiring careful consideration of age, performance status, status of extra-cranial disease, options for further systemic therapy, etc. Prognostic assessment tools, such as the Graded Prognostic Assessment score, can guide such decisions.
985 Increase in CD4 lymphocyte count following hepatitis C viral clearance in a cohort of HIV/HCV infected individuals
Authors: A URIEL, J GUTIERREZ, A REICHENBERG, D DIETERICH
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Type I interferons (IFN) provide the first line of defense against invading pathogens but its mechanism of action is still not well understood. Using unbiased genome-wide siRNA screens, we recently identified IQ-motif containing GTPase activating protein 2 (IQGAP2), a tumor suppressor predominantly expressed in the liver, as a novel gene putatively required for IFN antiviral response against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here we sought to characterize IQGAP2 role in IFN response.We used transient small interfering RNA knockdown strategy in hepatic cell lines highly permissive to JFH1 strain of HCV infection.We found that IQGAP2 acts downstream of IFN binding to its receptor, and independently of the JAK-STAT pathway, by physically interacting with RelA (also known as p65), a subunit of the NF-κB transcription factor. Interestingly, our data reveal a mechanism distinct from the well-characterized role of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in IFN production. Indeed, IFN alone was sufficient to stimulate NF-κB-dependent transcription in the absence of viral infection. Finally, both IQGAP2 and RelA were required for the induction by IFN of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) with known antiviral properties.Our data identify a novel function for IQGAP2 in IFN antiviral response in hepatoma cells. We demonstrate the involvement of IQGAP2 in regulating ISG induction by IFN in an NF-κB-dependent manner. The IQGAP2 pathway may provide new targets for antiviral strategies in the liver, and may have a wider therapeutic implication in other disease pathogeneses driven by NF-κB activation.In this study, we identify a novel mechanism of action of interferon involving the IQGAP2 protein and the NF-κB pathway that is ultimately protective against hepatitis C virus infection. This newly identified pathway functions independently of the well-known STAT pathway and may therefore provide new targets for antiviral strategies in the liver.