tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cases of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Missed by Newborn Screening in Minnesota
Authors: Kyriakie Sarafoglou, Katie Banks, Jennifer Kyllo, Siobhan Pittock, William Thomas
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Recent studies have focused on possible positive health implications of certain ruminant TFAs. 3 In particular, moderate consumption of ruminant TFAs was not associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular risk, although further studies are needed to understand the implications of various TFA isomers. 3 In addition, certain ruminant TFAs, including vaccenic acid and C9,T11-CLA, have been shown to have cancer-protective factors in animal models, although human studies are limited. 3 More data are needed to determine if the changes in TFA levels may be attributed primarily to the 2003 legislative changes.It would be particularly interesting to see data regarding plasma content of TFAs before and after regional trans-fat bans.Additionally, although the 2003 legislation required labeling for TFAs, there is still a significant amount of TFA content in food products; plasma profiles may be further improved with improved TFA labeling.
Measurement of nicotine in building air as an indicator of tobacco smoke levels.
Authors: D C Williams, J R Whitaker, W G Jennings
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Humans apparently differ greatly in their sensitivity and tolerance to tobacco smoke, thereby creating conflicts in the workplace. Resolution of conflicts in a large office complex at the authors' institution required an objective measure of smoke levels. A gas chromatographic technique was devised for collection and analysis of nicotine concentrations in the building air as an indicator of tobacco smoke pollution. Segregation of smokers and nonsmokers in the large office complex still resulted in substantial exposure of the nonsmoker to tobacco smoke, although a gradient of exposure was certainly observed. Passive tobacco smoke consumption in the smoking area of the office complex was calculated to be equivalent to 1.1 cigarettes per 8-hr period, and nicotine density in this area was 1.96 microgram/m. The restriction of smoking to a foyer area outside the office complex resulted in a slow but eventual reduction in nicotine concentrations in the office complex. Observed "background" nicotine concentration levels corresponding to 4 to 7% of those encountered in smoking areas demonstrate that central air circulation systems and people movement increase the nicotine level throughout all rooms of a building, regardless of the smoking policies of an individual office complex. Recent documentation of the relationship between passive smoking and cancer, heart disease, pulmonary dysfunction, and allergic responses argues for restriction of smoking to building exteriors.
Lyme Disease During Pregnancy
Authors: Lauri E. Markowitz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Lyme disease is an increasingly recognized tick-borne illness caused by a spirochete,<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>. Because the etiologic agent of Lyme disease is a spirochete, there has been concern about the effect of maternal Lyme disease on pregnancy outcome. We reviewed cases of Lyme disease in pregnant women who were identified before knowledge of the pregnancy outcomes. Nineteen cases were identified with onset between 1976 and 1984. Eight of the women were affected during the first trimester, seven during the second trimester, and two during the third trimester; in two, the trimester of onset was unknown. Thirteen received appropriate antibiotic therapy for Lyme disease. Of the 19 pregnancies, five had adverse outcomes, including syndactyly, cortical blindness, intrauterine fetal death, prematurity, and rash in the newborn. Adverse outcomes occurred in cases with infection during each of the trimesters. Although<i>B burgdorferi</i>could not be implicated directly in any of the adverse outcomes, the frequency of such outcomes warrants further surveillance and studies of pregnant women with Lyme disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:3394-3396)
Melphalan and Myeloma
Authors: JAMES R. MCARTHUR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Sixty-seven patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma were studied. Thirty-nine were treated with melphalan. The initial dose of 4 mg by mouth daily was reduced if the white blood count fell below 2,000 to 2,500/mm3. There were significant objective and subjective improvement and increased survival in the melphalan-treated patients as compared with a retrospective control group of 28 patients. The results compare favorably with reported series in which high-dose intermittent regimens were used. Information is insufficient to compare toxicity and complications associated with the two regimens.
THE INDICATIONS FOR RESECTION OF THE MIDDLE TURBINAL.
Authors: W. E. CASSELBERRY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Since 1891, when, in a paper before the American Laryngological Association, I advocated resection of the middle turbinated body as essential to the radical treatment of ethmoiditis and nasal polypus, a review of the records shows that I have done this operation on about 120 patients, invariably with more or less benefit and never with any serious detriment resulting. Also, it is shown that many times a resection, though perhaps recommended, was omitted, when, in accordance with my present understanding, it would have remedied the conditions most promptly and effectively. <h3>INDICATIONS FOR THIS OPERATION.</h3> Analyzing these resections, the purposes of the operation have been: To promote drainage and counter-drainage in nasal accessory sinus suppuration and for access in diagnosis and treatment. To promote drainage and cleansing in certain types of atrophic rhinitis (atrophic ethmo-rhinitis). To relieve edematous turgescence and to provide access for the radical treatment of non-suppurative ethmoiditis and
Detecting Small Sessile Colon Cancers with Silicone Foam
Authors: Galen B. Cook, Alexander R. Margulis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE MORE FAVORABLE RESULTS associated with early treatment of cancer foster continued effort to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnostic methods. This motivation has led to modifying and improving radiologic and endoscopic techniques and to developing more precise means for collecting and studying exfoliative specimens of the colon. To this end we are attempting to improve the detection of tumors within the human sigmoid colon by evaluating a diagnostic enema that can be retrieved as a precise mold of the bowel to permit the recognition of small mucosal irregularities and the recovery of adherent cells. <h3>Method and Subjects</h3> The 125-ml enema is a nontoxic, liquid prepolymer of dimethylpolysiloxanes made radiopaque with barium sulfate or sodium diatrizoate. Polymerized by 2 ml of stannous octoate, the siliconeelastomer changes endothermically to a soft, elastic foam that molds the viscus containing it. The formulation and the techniques for administering the enema have been
Re: Maurizio A. Brausi, Mirko Gavioli, Giuseppe De Luca et al. Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLD) in Conjunction with Nephroureterectomy in the Treatment of Infiltrative Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the Upper Urinary Tract: Impact on Survival. Eur Urol 2007;52:1414–20
Authors: Giuseppe Simone, Rocco Papalia, Michele Gallucci
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Change in risk factors for coronary heart disease during 10 years of a community intervention programme (North Karelia project).
Authors: P Puska, J T Salonen, A Nissinen, J Tuomilehto, E Vartiainen, H Korhonen, A Tanskanen, P Ronnqvist, K Koskela, J Huttunen
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A comprehensive community based programme to control cardiovascular diseases was started in North Karelia, Finland, in 1972. Reductions in smoking, serum cholesterol concentrations, and blood pressure were among the central intermediate objectives. The effect of the programme during the 10 year period 1972-82 was evaluated by examining independent random population samples at the outset (1972) and five (1977) and 10 (1982) years later both in the programme and in a matched reference area. Over 10 000 subjects were studied in 1972 and 1977 (participation rate about 90%) and roughly 8000 subjects in 1982 (participation rate about 80%). Analyses were conducted of the estimated effect of the programme on the risk factor population means by comparing the baseline and five year and 10 year follow up results in the age range 30-59 years. The effect of the programme (net reduction in North Karelia) at 10 years among the middle aged male population was estimated to be a 28% reduction in smoking (p less than 0.001), a 3% reduction in mean serum cholesterol concentration (p less than 0.001), a 3% fall in mean systolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001), and a 1% fall in mean diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05). Among the female population the reductions were respectively, 14% (NS), 1% (NS), 5% (p less than 0.001), and 2% (p less than 0.05). During the first five years of the project (1972-7) the programme effectively reduced the population mean values of the major coronary risk factors. At 10 years the effects had persisted for serum cholesterol concentrations and blood pressure and were increased for smoking.
PRESCRIPTION OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IMPROVE LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASS DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT INCREASING LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLE CONCENTRATION IN STATIN-TREATED PATIENTS WITH MIXED DYSLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Kevin C. Maki, Mary R. Dicklin, Susan L. Johnson, Mayadah Shabbout, Harold E. Bays
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Differential activation of memory-relevant brain regions during a dialysis cycle
Authors: Silke Lux, Shahram Mirzazade, Bojana Kuzmanovic, Thorsten Plewan, Simon B. Eickhoff, Nadim J. Shah, Jürgen Floege, Gereon R. Fink, Frank Eitner
Journal: Kidney International (2010)

Cognitive impairment is a common and largely undiagnosed finding in a significant number of dialysis patients. These alterations may result from concomitant cerebrovascular disease, hemodynamic instability, the uremic milieu, or changes induced by the dialysis process. In order to gain further insight into this, we recruited 12 stable chronic hemodialysis patients (without clinical neurological disease) and an age- and gender-matched cohort of 12 control individuals (without renal or neurological problems) in a prospective, single-center study. In order to disentangle the influence of dialysis itself on memory function, each dialysis patient was tested twice: once immediately before dialysis following a long weekend (t1) and again the day after this dialysis (t2). The control individuals were tested in the same time frame. Neuropsychological testing found that the control individuals performed significantly better in verbal learning, motor speed, task switching, verbal comprehension, word fluency, spatial visualization, spatial perception, and reasoning; all independent of the time point. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the whole brain in seven hemodialysis patients found significantly more bilateral activation of the hippocampus during the verbal working memory task at t2 relative to t1 compared with their seven matched control counterparts. Thus, our study found differential and task-specific activation of memory-relevant brain areas during a dialysis cycle.
Peritransplant Ischemic Injury Is Associated With Up-Regulation of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1
Authors: Mohamad H. Yamani, Norman B. Ratliff, Daniel J. Cook, E. Murat Tuzcu, Yang Yu, Robert Hobbs, Gustavo Rincon, Corinne Bott-Silverman, James B. Young, Nicholas Smedira, Randall C. Starling
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
986. Targeting Transgene Expression to Suprabasal Layers of Epidermis as a Strategy To Evade Immune Responses
Authors: Assefa Wondimu, Zhenmei Lu, Soosan Ghazizadeh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
Transfer of new genetic material to epidermis offers an opportunity for corrective gene therapy for a variety of inherited skin and systemic deficiency disorders for which the genetic basis has been identified. Host immune responses to therapeutic gene products however remains a potentially serious complication for cutaneous gene therapy especially in patients carrying a null mutation in the affected allele. Using an ex vivo method of cutaneous gene transfer we have shown that expression of an antigenic transgene product in keratinocyte progenitor population resulted in rejection of transgenic skin in 4-5 weeks post grafting. The loss of transgenic cells was associated with Th2 type immune responses characterized by greater levels of interleukin 4 secreted by lymphocytes, an intense eosinophil infiltration in transgenic tissue, and a predominance of anti-GFP IgG1 in serum. To eliminate or control transgene-specific immune responses, we explored the effect of confining neoantigen expression specifically to differentiating epidermal keratinocytes in the suprabasal layers of epidermis. Cultures of mouse keratinocytes were transduced with a transcriptionally-targeted retrovector in which GFP expression was controlled by involucrin promoter (INV-GFP). Reconstitution of mouse skin with INV-GFP-transduced keratinocytes resulted in prolonged GFP expression in the suprabasal layers of epidermis. Interestingly, characterization of transgene-specific immune responses indicated elicitation of humoral responses and release of Th2 cytokines by T cells, however, tissue inflammation was significantly suppressed. We are currently investigating the mechanism of suppression of inflammation and persistence of transgene in this model. Our data suggest that targeting transgene expression to suprabasal layers of epidermis may be used as a strategy to restricting immune-mediated rejection of transgenic keratinocytes.
Topical Anesthesia and Intubation
Authors: Robert H. Libman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cohen and Levinsky (236:562, 1976) warned that "care should be exercised... when food is ingested within 60 minutes following the use of topical anesthetics" in the pharynx. They pointed out that "orally administered topical anesthetic agents may interfere with the pharyngeal stage of swallowing" and lead to aspiration. A similar admonition applies to the use of topical anesthesia before performing an "awake" orotracheal intubation in an individual with a full stomach. I have witnessed aspiration in a patient whose pharynx and glottis were sprayed with a topical anesthetic prior to intubation with the patient awake. Topical anesthesia should be applied only to the lower lip and the outer half of the tongue prior to performing such orotracheal intubation. Spraying the base of the tongue may inadvertently anesthetize the pharynx and the glottis, particularly if the patient inhales during the spraying.
TCT-762 Is a high pacing rate post TAVI associated with appropriate pacemaker utilisation? A real-world multi-centre retrospective analysis of pacemaker utilisation in patients paced following TAVI
Authors: Eric W. Holroyd, Petra Poliacikova, Alex Simms, Ganesh Manoharan, Mark S. Spence, Richard Levy, Daniel J. Blackman, David Hildick-Smith, Saib Khogali
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A CASE OF EXFOLIATION OF THE ANTERIOR ARCH OF THE ATLAS.
Authors: RICHARD H. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

J. P., aged 30, a Bohemian, was employed in a carriage factory. He was extremely pale and emaciated, and the principal symptom that at once attracted attention was the fact that he carried his head and shoulders as rigidly immovable as though clamped in a vise. In expectorating, he would bend from the waist, shielding his neck in every movement. He complained of very severe pain in his throat and in the muscles of his neck. <h3>Examination.</h3> —An angry ulcer was found, oval in outline, and about a centimeter in its longest diameter, on the posterior wall of the pharynx, a little above the level of the soft palate. There was a profuse purulent discharge and great inflammation of the parts around. Further examination showed marked enlargement of the glands over the entire body, with a mottled eruption, mucous patches in the mouth, and a low-grade fever. There was no difficulty
Significance of Allergy in Asthma from a Behavioral Medicine Viewpoint
Authors: F. Wistuba
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

The interaction between allergic and psychic factors in bronchial asthma is reexamined using more recent allergologic and psychological methods (e.g. behavioral analysis, PRIST). 44 asthma outpatients are examined according to three allergy parameters in two groups ('high' vs. 'low' allergy potential). No significant differences of personality, psychosocial or behavioral analysis data are found between groups. An interaction between allergic potential and psychic factors in bronchial asthma in the sense of less psychopathological findings in patients with 'higher' allergic potential is not found.
The law, medical students, and assault.
Authors: S. Bewley
Journal: BMJ (1992)

As students most doctors will have performed exami- nations on anaesthetised patients who have not given explicit consent.Surgeons invited or told the students to participate.It might have been embarrassing to do vaginal examinations under the instructions of the gynaecologist, but did anyone realise that they were laying themselves open to charges ofassault?This article discusses the differences between students and doctors with reference to the law about touching patients.Although it has not yet been tested in the courts, a student would have little defence to a charge of assault and might be liable to punitive damages.Traditionally, medical students have been taught how to do vaginal examinations by examining women who are anaesthetised.Concern has been expressed about this being done without the woman's consent or knowledge.'2Some medical schools have introduced consent procedures, but these are by no means uni- versal.3Although I will be discussing vaginal examina- tion my conclusions are relevant to all specialties where students touch patients.
Will breast self-examination save lives?
Authors: W G. Harris, C A F Joslin, J Philip
Journal: BMJ (1982)

identified.This pathogenic organism was initially identified in the cyst form in the faeces of an 18-year-old woman; she had had on occasions diarrhoea, vomiting, and nausea, rarely lasting more than two to three days, during a five-month period of travel through numerous parts of India.On her travels she ate local food and drank a great deal of local water.She presented in the UK, 22 days after returning from India, with frequent bouts of diarrhoea and some rectal bleeding on defecation.Shigella flexneri was isolated from her faeces.If the bacterium had been accepted as the sole cause of her condition and microscopic examination of her faeces omitted, she may well have advanced to a serious pathological consequence, and spread the pathogen to others.This case demonstrates that, while the incidence of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica in Britain is extremely low, importation of this dangerous pathogen does occur.For this reason it is important that patients presenting with dysenteric symptoms are carefully screened for parasitic as well as bacterial pathogens.
The formation of iron complexes with bile and bile constituents
Authors: A. Jacobs, P. M. Miles
Journal: Gut (1970)

Inorganic iron is able to form complexes with whole bile and with some bile constituents and these remain soluble at neutral pH. Ascorbic acid does not appear to play a part in this process. The formation of soluble complexes in vivo is an important factor in maintaining intraluminal iron in a form available for absorption, and bile may have some importance in this respect.
Intestinal microbiota determines development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Tiphaine Le Roy, Marta Llopis, Patricia Lepage, Aurélia Bruneau, Sylvie Rabot, Claudia Bevilacqua, Patrice Martin, Catherine Philippe, Francine Walker, André Bado, Gabriel Perlemuter, Anne-Marie Cassard-Doulcier, Philippe Gérard
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent among obese people and is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. However, not all obese individuals develop NAFLD. Our objective was to demonstrate the role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD development using transplantation experiments in mice. <h3>Design</h3> Two donor C57BL/6J mice were selected on the basis of their responses to a high-fat diet (HFD). Although both mice displayed similar body weight gain, one mouse, called the 'responder', developed hyperglycaemia and had a high plasma concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The other, called a 'non-responder', was normoglycaemic and had a lower level of systemic inflammation. Germ-free mice were colonised with intestinal microbiota from either the responder or the non-responder and then fed the same HFD. <h3>Results</h3> Mice that received microbiota from different donors developed comparable obesity on the HFD. The responder-receiver (RR) group developed fasting hyperglycaemia and insulinaemia, whereas the non-responder-receiver (NRR) group remained normoglycaemic. In contrast to NRR mice, RR mice developed hepatic macrovesicular steatosis, which was confirmed by a higher liver concentration of triglycerides and increased expression of genes involved in de-novo lipogenesis. Pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA genes revealed that RR and NRR mice had distinct gut microbiota including differences at the phylum, genera and species levels. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Differences in microbiota composition can determine response to a HFD in mice. These results further demonstrate that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of NAFLD independently of obesity.
Eggs and Salmonella enteritidis Transmission
Authors: Joan Weinryb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 January 1992Eggs and Salmonella enteritidis TransmissionJoan Weinryb, MDJoan Weinryb, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-1-93_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:I was struck by a statement made in the article by Mishu and coworkers (1) on the transmission of Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis via intact chicken eggs. The authors note that "traditional methods of cooking eggs . . . do not completely eliminate the risk for infection" and then mention that "Salmonella enteritidissurvives in the liquid yolks of eggs that are boiled for 8 minutes." I have heard of 3-minute eggs and 4-minute eggs, but as far as I know, no one can boil an ordinary, domestically available chicken egg for 8 minutes and produce anything resembling...Reference1. MishuGriffinTauxeCameronHutchesonSchaffner BPRDRW. Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis transmitted by intact chicken eggs. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:190-4. LinkGoogle Scholar1. HumphreyGreenwoodGilbertRoweChapman TMRBP. The survival of salmonellas in shell eggs cooked under simulated domestic conditions. Epidemiol Infect. 1989;103:35-45. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, PA 19141 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1992Volume 116, Issue 1Page: 93-94KeywordsGastroenteritisSalmonella enteritidis Issue Published: 1 January 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...