tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN A AND VITAMIN C ON CERTAIN IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS IN MAN 12
Authors: A. E. Feller, Leslie B. Roberts, Elaine P. Ralli, Thomas Francis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1942)

Vitamin C deficient diet BreakfastCereal, with sugar Skimmed milk, one pint Egg, one only Bread, three slices, with butter Lunch Lean beef or fish Rice, spaghetti or noodles Skimmed milk, one pint Bread, three slices, with butter Plain pudding, custard, Jello or ice cream Supper Cheese, egg or lean beef Rice, noodles or spaghetti Skimmed milk, one pint Bread, three slices, with butter Dessert, same as for lunchFruit and vegetables were excluded from the diet.
Identification of a novel exonic mutation at -13 from 5' splice site causing exon skipping in a girl with mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase deficiency.
Authors: T Fukao, S Yamaguchi, A Wakazono, T Orii, G Hoganson, T Hashimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We identified a novel exonic mutation which causes exon skipping in the mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) gene from a girl with T2 deficiency (GK07). GK07 is a compound heterozygote; the maternal allele has a novel G to T transversion at position 1136 causing Gly379 to Val substitution (G379V) of the T2 precursor. In case of in vivo expression analysis, cells transfected with this mutant cDNA showed no evidence of restored T2 activity. The paternal allele was associated with exon 8 skipping at the cDNA level. At the gene level, a C to T transition causing Gln272 to termination codon (Q272STOP) was identified within exon 8, 13 bp from the 5' splice site of intron 8 in the paternal allele. The mRNA with Q272STOP could not be detected in GK07 fibroblasts, presumably because pre-mRNA with Q272STOP was unstable because of the premature termination. In vivo splicing experiments revealed that the exonic mutation caused partial skipping of exon 8. This substitution was thought to alter the secondary structure of T2 pre-mRNA around exon 8 and thus impede normal splicing. The role of exon sequences in the splicing mechanism is indicated by the exon skipping which occurred with an exonic mutation.
Fas-mediated cholangiopathy in the murine model of graft versus host disease
Authors: Yoshiyuki Ueno, Motoyasu Ishii, Kaichiro Yahagi, Yutaka Mano, Norihiro Kisara, Norio Nakamura, Tooru Shimosegawa, Takayoshi Toyota, Shigekazu Nagata
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Bile-duct injury observed in hepatic graft versus host disease (GVHD) is regarded as an immune-mediated injury, although its precise mechanism is unclear. However, recent studies have suggested the involvement of Fas-mediated cell death in this immune-mediated cholangiopathy. In this study, we first showed the constitutive expression of Fas receptor by cholangiocytes in situ from normal BALB/c mice, which was upregulated in GVHD mice. Also, we confirmed the Fas protein expression in the isolated cholangiocytes from normal BALB/c mice by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting. Furthermore, the addition of agonistic Fas antibody-(Jo2)-induced cholangiocyte apoptosis confirmed by DNA-ladder formation and annexin V staining. Cholangiocytes from Fas-deficient mice (MRL lpr/lpr) did not show Jo2-induced apoptosis. Interferon-γ augmented Fas expression and Fas-mediated cell death, respectively. Following these observations, experimental GVHD was induced by transfer of splenocytes from B10.D2 mice to irradiated (800 rad) BALB/c mice. Liver-infiltrating lymphocytes from the recipient showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against 51 Cr-labeled cholangiocytes isolated from BALB/c mice. Moreover, the addition of blocking Fas-Fc fusion protein reduced this cytotoxicity to 44.7%. Finally, administration of this Fas-Fc protein to the BALB/c mice, which had been adoptively transferred with splenocytes of B10.D2 mice, prevented the development of hepatic GVHD in vivo . These results showed the involvement of Fas-mediated cell death in cholangiopathy observed in GVHD, and a soluble Fas-Fc protein may have a therapeutic potential for hepatic GVHD.
Mentioning smoking as a cause of death on death certificates
Authors: T H Lam, S Y Ho, A J Hedley, K H Mak, P. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Treatment of adolescents with cerebral palsy often presents clinical problems that differ from those encountered when treating younger children with cerebral palsy. Muscle contractures, which may not yield to traditional therapeutic exercise, may be a problem. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of serial casting in the treatment of knee joint flexion contractures in an adolescent with cerebral palsy.
Hostile Use of the Life Sciences
Authors: Meng-Kin Lim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

All technological advancements — from knives and forks to airplanes and rockets — have been exploited for destructive ends. Inherent in every scientific discovery is the “dual use” dilemma: the same science that enables the sequencing of a new virus as part of a search for a cure also enables the manufacture of deadlier viruses.The anthrax attacks in the United States in 2001 jolted us out of complacency. Traditional restraints — such as taboos surrounding the use of poison and disease as weapons, as well as international conventions including the 1925 Geneva Protocol, the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons . . .
Congestive Heart Failure Induced by Primary Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: RAYMOND D. PRUITT, GUY W. DAUGHERTY, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1953)

This conference has been concerned with a case of primary systemic amyloidosis in which death occurred in the course of severe, congestive heart failure. Major emphasis has been attached to the diagnostic problems which were posed by a patient so afflicted. If comments regarding treatment have been of limited extent, so have been the results of treatment when applied.
To Practice and To Preach
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Old newspaper and magazine advertisements may tell us more about the past than accredited historical texts, as instanced by the following: WANTED, for a family who have bad health, a sober, steady person, in the capacity of doctor, surgeon, apothecary, and man-midwife: He must occasionally act in the capacity of butler, and dress hair and wigs: He will be required to read prayers occasionally, and a sermon every Sunday evening. The reason for this advertisement is, that the family cannot any longer afford the expences of the physical tribe, and wish to be at a certain expence. A good salary will be given. N.B. He will have liberty to turn a penny in any branch of his profession when not wanted in the family. (<i>Bath Chronicle</i>, Thursday March 20, 1777, reprinted in<i>Lancet</i>2:985-986, Nov 15, 1952) This glimpse of England two centuries ago reveals an ideal "set up" for
PREVENTION OF GROUP-B BETA-HÆMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCAL SEPTICÆMIA IN LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT NEONATES BY PENICILLIN ADMINISTERED WITHIN TWO HOURS OF BIRTH
Authors: DavidJ. Lloyd, KennethE. Scott, Kurt Aterman, TeertharajK. Belgaumkar, A.John Wort, VernonW. Krause
Journal: The Lancet (1979)
The International Classification of Primary Care in the European Community
Authors: M Pringle
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Behind the headline grabbing issues there are some developments which crucially influence our future professional lives but which seldom generate much general discussion. One such is coding.

Already it can be seen that early choices of coding have inhibited the development of some general practice computer systems. Further, electronic exchange of medical records and their aggregation and analysis will depend on the coding structure adopted.

To most workers in the British health service the coding choice has now been …
Age related dietary exposure to meat products from British dietary surveys of teenagers and adults in the 1980s and 1990s
Authors: S. M Gore, S. Bingham, N. E Day
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Changes in the local vasomotor tone and exercise may have influenced our temperature measurements on the first day but not on subsequent days.The aetiology of raised body temperature in acute mountain sickness remains unclear.Raised concentrations of thromboxane B 2 and leukotriene B 4 , as well as C5a have been measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of subjects with high altitude pulmonary oedema. 4 These findings, together with recent data from our group, showing a significant increase of C reactive protein and plasma concentrations of interleukin 6 and interleukin 1 in climbers with high altitude pulmonary oedema, 5 suggest that such pulmonary oedema could be a systemic inflammatory disease.The findings here suggest that such a reaction could also occur in acute mountain sickness.We are most grateful to all hut keepers and the Sezione Varallo of the Italian Alpine Club.We thank Ms J Hofmann and Mrs H Boeschenstein-Manner for their excellent assistance.
THE GASTROINTESTINAL EXAMINATION
Authors: Ramsay Spillman
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> At the risk of unduly prolonging the argument on what is meant by a complete gastrointestinal examination: Dr. Gregory Connell in his letter published February 22 raises a perfectly good point—that the gastrointestinal tract is an entity and should be examined as such. My letter published January 18 does not imply the espousal of incomplete examinations. However, the complete gastrointestinal examination takes time and money to do, and my complaint was directed at the physician whose conception of a "g-i" is an examination of the stomach only, who has told the patient it will involve only a short time and who has probably prepared the patient for a fee which would not pay for the cost of the films alone if a proper examination of the complete tract is to be done. Under the setup that governs our practice, all discussion aside as to the merits of
Amino Acid Cost and Codon-Usage Biases in 6 Prokaryotic Genomes: A Whole-Genome Analysis
Authors: Esley M. Heizer, Douglas W. Raiford, Michael L. Raymer, Travis E. Doom, Robert V. Miller, Dan E. Krane
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

For most prokaryotic organisms, amino acid biosynthesis represents a significant portion of their overall energy budget. The difference in the cost of synthesis between amino acids can be striking, differing by as much as 7-fold. Two prokaryotic organisms, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, have been shown to preferentially utilize less costly amino acids in highly expressed genes, indicating that parsimony in amino acid selection may confer a selective advantage for prokaryotes. This study confirms those findings and extends them to 4 additional prokaryotic organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae AR39, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and Thermus thermophilus HB27. Adherence to codon-usage biases for each of these 6 organisms is inversely correlated with a coding region's average amino acid biosynthetic cost in a fashion that is independent of chemoheterotrophic, photoautotrophic, or thermophilic lifestyle. The obligate parasites C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae AR39 are incapable of synthesizing many of the 20 common amino acids. Removing auxotrophic amino acids from consideration in these organisms does not alter the overall trend of preferential use of energetically inexpensive amino acids in highly expressed genes.
ATP-sensitive K+ channels mediate dilatation of cerebral arterioles during hypoxia.
Authors: H Taguchi, D D Heistad, T Kitazono, F M Faraci
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

We tested the hypothesis that dilatation of cerebral arterioles during hypoxia is mediated by activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. The diameter of pial arterioles was measured through a closed cranial window in anesthetized rabbits. Topical application of aprikalim (10(-6) mol/L), a direct activator of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, dilated pial arterioles by 18 +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM). Glibenclamide (10(-6) mol/L), an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, virtually abolished aprikalim-induced vasodilatation. When arterial PO2 was reduced from 129 +/- 3 to 25 +/- 1 mm Hg, the diameter of cerebral arterioles increased by 66 +/- 9% (P &lt; .05). Glibenclamide inhibited dilatation of pial arterioles during hypoxia by 46 +/- 5% (P &lt; .05). In contrast, vasodilatation in response to sodium nitroprusside was not altered by glibenclamide. Topical application of adenosine (10(-4) mol/L) increased arteriolar diameter by 21 +/- 4%. Glibenclamide did not affect adenosine-induced vasodilatation. These findings suggest that dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to hypoxia is mediated, in part, by activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels.
The Kidney and Intravascular Coagulation in Myelomatosis
Authors: A. M. Ward, F. E. Preston
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In 15 out of 35 patients with myelomatosis histological examination showed intravascular fibrin within the glomeruli, and this was associated with proliferation of the mesangial complex in 12. The presence of intravascular fibrin and mesangial proliferation was not associated with any specific immunoglobulin abnormality or with the presence or absence of Bence Jones proteinuria. In addition to fibrin being present within glomerular capillaries it was also shown in intertubular capillaries in three cases of myelomatosis with acute tubular necrosis. It is suggested that intraglomerular coagulation and fibrin deposition may contribute to the genesis of renal failure in myelomatosis.
The Nature of Fibrositis: III. Multiple Lesions and the Neural Hypothesis
Authors: M. Kelly
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1946)

Essential to the view of fibrositis presented in this ;and in the preceding two papers (Kelly, 1945, 1946) is the concept of the deep pain system.Sir James Mackenzie (1920), whose views upon pain-spread have been supported and amplified by the most recent advances, was not in possession of the know- ledge which separates the cutaneous from the deep pain system.But-he asserted repeatedly that, when pain is referred from a viscus to the abdominal wall, deep rather than superficial hyperalgesia is likely to result.Lewis and Kellgren (1939) were the first to demonstrate that the two pain systems are anatomi- cally separate; though Head, Rivers, and Sherren (1905) had pointed out that the paths which con- veyed deep pressure-pain travelled with the motor nerves.Clinically, there is a great deal of evidence sug- gesting such a functional division.Thus, pressure- pain normally is not abolished by section of a sensory nerve (Trotter and Davies, 1909; Sharpey-
Mechanisms of immune tolerance to allergens: role of IL-10 and Tregs
Authors: Cezmi A. Akdis, Mübeccel Akdis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

During the past 20 years, major advances have been made in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergen tolerance in humans. The demonstration of T cell tolerance, particularly that mediated by the immune-suppressive functions of IL-10, led to a major conceptual change in this area. Currently, the known essential components of allergen tolerance include the induction of allergen-specific regulatory subsets of T and B cells, the immune-suppressive function of secreted factors, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, the production of IgG4 isotype allergen-specific blocking antibodies, and decreased allergic inflammatory responses by mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils in inflamed tissues.
Quantitative Measurement of Autoantibodies to Recombinant Mitochondrial Antigens in Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Relationship of Levels of Autoantibodies to Disease Progression
Authors: Michael D. Van Norstrand, Michael Malinchoc, Keith D. Lindor, Terry M. Therneau, Eric M. Gershwin, Patrick S.C. Leung, Rolland E. Dickson, Henry A. Homburger
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We examined the clinical usefulness of measurements of antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) in predicting disease progression in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We determined the relationships between AMA levels measured by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and those measured by quantitative enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) using recombinant 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complex (2-OADC) proteins and the Mayo Risk Score, an established indicator of disease progression in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Results of tests for AMA by either method correlated weakly (r = .24 to .30) with disease progression as indicated by Mayo Risk Scores. The levels of AMA to 2-OADC proteins varied by more than 200-fold between patients but remained relatively constant over time in individual patients. Despite being positively correlated with Mayo Risk Score results, the levels of AMA to 2-OADC proteins were not useful for predicting disease progression in individual patients with PBC. In addition, we found no significant differences in the levels of autoantibodies to 2-OADC proteins among patients with different histological stages of disease. Our results show that measurements of AMA by IF or by quantitative EIA methods with recombinant 2-OADC proteins are not useful parameters for predicting disease progression in patients with PBC.
Genomic and Network Patterns of Schizophrenia Genetic Variation in Human Evolutionary Accelerated Regions
Authors: Ke Xu, Eric E. Schadt, Katherine S. Pollard, Panos Roussos, Joel T. Dudley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

The population persistence of schizophrenia despite associated reductions in fitness and fecundity suggests that the genetic basis of schizophrenia has a complex evolutionary history. A recent meta-analysis of schizophrenia genome-wide association studies offers novel opportunities for assessment of the evolutionary trajectories of schizophrenia-associated loci. In this study, we hypothesize that components of the genetic architecture of schizophrenia are attributable to human lineage-specific evolution. Our results suggest that schizophrenia-associated loci enrich in genes near previously identified human accelerated regions (HARs). Specifically, we find that genes near HARs conserved in nonhuman primates (pHARs) are enriched for schizophrenia-associated loci, and that pHAR-associated schizophrenia genes are under stronger selective pressure than other schizophrenia genes and other pHAR-associated genes. We further evaluate pHAR-associated schizophrenia genes in regulatory network contexts to investigate associated molecular functions and mechanisms. We find that pHAR-associated schizophrenia genes significantly enrich in a GABA-related coexpression module that was previously found to be differentially regulated in schizophrenia affected individuals versus healthy controls. In another two independent networks constructed from gene expression profiles from prefrontal cortex samples, we find that pHAR-associated schizophrenia genes are located in more central positions and their average path lengths to the other nodes are significantly shorter than those of other schizophrenia genes. Together, our results suggest that HARs are associated with potentially important functional roles in the genetic architecture of schizophrenia.
Statin Use and Risks for Death and Hospitalization in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Wayne Gerard, Julia Gerard
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH
Authors: A. M. STIMSON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Research is a systematic attempt to gain more knowledge. It is an ancient institution. When Adam and Eve first shook the tree of knowledge, they unwittingly inaugurated a research attended by immediate and far reaching results. A new world was literally opened up to them. They experienced a prompt transfer from a world in which progress was excluded by definition, to one in which progress was demanded, but dependent on their own efforts. Their descendants have been working at this program ever since. As the centuries and millenia have passed, research has revealed new and vaster worlds for man's development or exploitation. The result has been what we call progress. Some people believe that this progress has been spurious, a mere chasing of the lost caudal appendage around a circle. We health officials believe that it has been real, a slow climbing of a spiral which has left the caudal
Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction Outcomes
Authors: James R. Webster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters1 December 2009Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction OutcomesJames R. Webster, MD, MSJames R. Webster, MD, MSFrom Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Spertus and colleagues (1) confirm the findings of many other studies that black patients with heart disease receive lower-quality care than white patients. The authors document major care disparities, with black patients getting statistically significantly fewer diagnostic catheterizations and revascularizations and less discharge counseling regarding smoking cessation and exercise. Contrary to current dogma, do Spertus and colleagues believe that these interventions have no value and that the differences in health outcomes in the black and white study populations were simply due to “cardiac risk factors”? If so, we must seriously reconsider our approach to all patients with ...References1. Spertus JA, Jones PG, Masoudi FA, Rumsfeld JS, Krumholz HM. Factors associated with racial differences in myocardial infarction outcomes. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:314-24. [PMID: 19258559] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Institute of Medicine. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: National Academies Pr; 2003. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James R. Webster, MD, MSAffiliations: From Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoFactors Associated With Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction Outcomes John A. Spertus , Philip G. Jones , Frederick A. Masoudi , John S. Rumsfeld , and Harlan M. Krumholz Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction Outcomes Yu Han , Liu Hong , and Jianhua Qiu Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction Outcomes John A. Spertus , Philip G. Jones , and Harlan M. Krumholz Metrics 1 December 2009Volume 151, Issue 11Page: 823KeywordsCatheterizationConflicts of interestExerciseLongitudinal studiesMedical risk factorsMyocardial infarctionPatientsPopulation statisticsRevascularizationSmoking cessation ePublished: 1 December 2009 Issue Published: 1 December 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...