tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Lamivudine on Replication of Hepatitis B Virus in HIV-Infected Men
Authors: Yves Benhamou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: Therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still unsatisfactory, particularly in patients who are co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Lamivudine, a retroviral inhibitor, has been shown to have activity against HBV replication in vitro, in animal models, and in studies of immunocompetent persons. Objective: To assess the efficacy of lamivudine in inhibiting HBV replication during a 12-month period in patients with both HBV and HIV infection. Design: Prospective, open study. Setting: University hospital. Patients: 40 consecutive patients (39 men and 1 woman) infected with both HIV and HBV. All had progressive HIV disease; were refractory to or unable to tolerate therapies other than lamivudine; and received lamivudine, 600 mg/d or 600 mg/d followed by 300 mg/d, as therapy for HIV disease. Measurements: Serum concentrations of HBV DNA were assessed every 2 months by using molecular hybridization. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HBV DNA was done at baseline and was done at months 2, 6, and 12 only if the HBV DNA concentration was less than 5 pg/mL. Results: Two groups were retrospectively identified at baseline: patients with high HBV replication (serum HBV DNA concentrations >5 pg/mL) (n = 30) and patients with low HBV replication (serum HBV DNA concentrations <5 pg/mL) (n = 10). After 12 months of treatment, 26 of 27 patients (96.3% [95% CI, 81% to 99.9%]) who had had high HBV replication at baseline had serum HBV DNA concentrations less than 5 pg/mL. However, PCR could still detect HBV DNA in serum in 11.5% (CI, 2% to 30%) of these patients. Among patients who had had low HBV replication at baseline, the results of PCR for serum HBV DNA became negative in the 6 patients who had had a positive result on PCR at baseline. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment. Conclusion: Although this study was not a randomized, blinded trial, it suggests that lamivudine is active against HBV replication in men infected with both HBV and HIV.
Dose-dependent modulation of the cardiac sodium channel by sea anemone toxin ATXII.
Authors: N el-Sherif, H A Fozzard, D A Hanck
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The effects of sea anemone toxin ATXII on single sodium channels were studied in cell-attached patches on rabbit ventricular myocytes at 20-22 degrees C. Exposure of patches to 1,000 nM ATXII induced long-lasting bursts of openings, which were more dramatically different from control at -20 mV than at -50 mV. Mean open duration, which had a biphasic dependence on voltage in control patches, was monotonically dependent on voltage in toxin-exposed patches, being 3.5 times longer than control at -20 mV and 4.5 times longer at -10 mV. Multiple mean open durations were detected at depolarized potentials. To test whether the multiple mean open durations resulted from a mixture of modified and unmodified openings, histograms of late openings (when unmodified channels would be inactivated) were constructed. Because in most cases these fit a single exponential with a mean open duration like that of modified channels, we conclude that voltage-dependent toxin unbinding produced a mixed population of unmodified and modified openings. Consistent with this hypothesis, lower concentrations of toxin most often produced open-duration histograms best fit with two exponentials. Ensembles revealed complex decay kinetics, which could be interpreted within the context of the toxin-induced increase in mean open duration and burst duration and the summation of modified and unmodified events. Analysis of the numbers of early versus late events at -20 mV for patches exposed to 20 nM, 100 nM, and 1,000 nM ATXII predicted the ED50 for ATXII block to be 285 nM at this potential. Using a five-state Markovian model, the action of ATXII could be explained as a reduction of the open-to-inactivated rate constant without effect on inactivation from closed states or other rate transitions.
Queries and Minor Notes: Then and Now
Authors: Richard W. Newcomb
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES CONCERNING THE ACTION OF DILANTIN
Authors: FELIX FRISCH, ALBERT W. PIGOTT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

1. Dilantin treatment is accompanied by a decrease of serum-proteins. 2. The decrease corresponds quantitatively to the therapeutic effect. 3. There is a diminution of total protein in the blood serum. It is not equal in all fractions of the proteins, since it is the globulins which are more consistently decreased. In consequence of this the albumin-globulin ratio in group II, III and IV is increased in spite of the general diminution; and the ESR shows a slackening, an unusual phenomenon, because it is usually an increase which corresponds to a decreased protein value.[See Source Pdf for Table VIII and Table IX] Sometimes these changes may develop in a relatively short time. We present in Table IX the case of a female, age 20, whom we examined before treatment and again seven weeks after the successful use of dilantin, grains 1½, administered three times daily. Here we meet a reduction of the total-proteins by one gramme per cent, that is, about 18 per cent of the original value after seven weeks. It is important to point out that the actual diminution of the proteins in all columns seems to indicate a substantial loss. That is why we believe that the decrease of body-weight is caused partly by a loss of water because of the reduced osmotic power of the diminished serum-proteins and partly by a real loss of tissue. As mentioned above, the influence of dilantin in children and adolescents differs from the findings in adults. In these, there is never a loss of body-weight in cases successfully treated by dilantin. On the contrary there is some gain in weight. Since these facts can be explained only by vague hypothesis, we refer the question to further investigation.
Department of Health changes advice on third generation pills
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The restriction on the use of third-generation oral contraceptives, pills which contain gestodene and desogestrel, has been lifted, and the pills can now be offered to women who want to use the method. The Committee on Safety of Medicine imposed the 1995 restriction after a study suggested a small increase in the risk of deep vein thrombosis. But after extensive research, the Medicines Commission stated that third generation pills can be prescribed to women provided that they will be informed of the greater risk involved. In addition, third-generation pills would contain new package inserts, explaining the risks of deep vein thrombosis. The warning will state that the risk of deep vein thrombosis in women not taking the pill is 5/100,000 women/year. This risk increases to 15/100,000 women/year in women taking second-generation pills, while it is 25/100,000 women/year in women taking third-generation pills.
The Complex and Evolving Story of T cell Activation to AAV Vector-encoded Transgene Products
Authors: Lauren E Mays, James M Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Original reports of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer to the muscle resulted in high-level β-galactosidase (β-gal) expression and the promise of a viral vector that was largely nonimmunogenic. Subsequent attempts to utilize these vectors for genetic vaccination, however, demonstrated that it was possible to activate cellular and humoral immunity to AAV-encoded antigens. These findings fueled years of investigation into factors impacting the immunogenicity of recombinant AAV-mediated gene delivery, including route of administration, dose, host species, capsid serotype, and transgene product. In cases where AAV vectors could avoid transgene-directed immunity, it became clear that mechanisms of tolerance were at work, varying between ignorance, anergy/deletion, or active suppression. Here, we follow the field of AAV gene therapy from inception, as investigators have worked to understand the delicate balance between AAV-mediated tolerance and the activation of immunity. This review discusses our current appreciation of AAV vector immunology, with a specific focus on the transgene-specific T cell response.
POTENTIAL ABILITY OF HEMODIALYSIS THERAPY FOR IMPROVEMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MECHANICAL DYSSYNCHRONY IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE
Authors: Naoto Takahashi, Masahiro Ishikawa, Arifumi Kikuchi, Eisei Yamamoto, Kenichi Amitani, Takahiro Uchida, Naoki Sato, Kazuo Munakata, Kyoichi Mizuno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Suture-Mediated Closure Devices in Interventional Cardiology: Outcomes of the Largest Series of Percutaneous Vascular Closure in Turkey
Authors: Mehmet Bilge, Recai Alemdar, Sina Ali, Ayse Saatci Yasar, Özgür Kırbas, Turgay Aslan, Bilge Karaduman Duran, Cemal Köseoglu, Özge Kurmus, Mehmet Erdogan, Mustafa Duran, Serkan Sivri, Filiz Özçelik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Influence of previous exposure to human parvovirus B19 infection in explaining susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of disease discordant twin pairs.
Authors: A.H. Hajeer, A.J. MacGregor, A.S. Rigby, W.E. Ollier, D Carthy, A.J. Silman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

To assess the association between exposure to parvovirus B19 and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One hundred and fifty five twin pairs (76 monozygotic (MZ) and 79 dizygotic (DZ)), discordant for RA, were tested for the presence of IgG antiparvovirus antibodies using ELISA. The data obtained were analysed using conditional logistic regression, from which odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Overall, there was no association between exposure to parvovirus and RA (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.7-1.7). However, in two subgroups there was a suggestion of an association. These were: (1) pairs where the affected twin was rheumatoid factor (RF) seronegative (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 0.9-12.4) and (2) in opposite-sexed twin pairs where the affected twin was female (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 0.9-11.6). Previous exposure to parvovirus infection did not explain disease susceptibility in both MZ and DZ discordant pairs with rheumatoid arthritis. This infection, however, might be relevant in some subgroups.
Detection of retroviral antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis and other idiopathic biliary disorders
Authors: Andrew L Mason, Lizhe Xu, Linsheng Guo, Santiago Munoz, Jonathan B Jaspan, Michael Bryer-Ash, Yan Cao, David M Sander, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Alaa Ahmed, Judy Van de Water, M Eric Gershwin, Robert F Garry
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
ALTERATION IN THE CHRONOBIOLOGY OF ONSET OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN NEW ORLEANS RESIDENTS FOLLOWING HURRICANE KATRINA
Authors: Matthew N. Peters, Morgan J. Katz, John C. Moscona, Mohi E. Alkadri, Rashad K. Syed, Thomas A. Turnage, Vikram S. Nijjar, Mohannad B. Bisharat, Patrice Delafontaine, Anand M. Irimpen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Monitoring of CD59 expression in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria treated with danazol
Authors: Yoshio Katayama, Y. Hiramatsu, K. Kohriyama
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract We describe a 52‐year‐old man with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and a moderate transfusion requirement. Prior to and during sequential therapy with androgen (metenolone), glucocorticoid, and danazol, we evaluated CD59‐negative expression (PNH clone) in red blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocyte subsets, and bone marrow (BM) CD34 + cells. Although androgen and glucocorticoid were not effective for recovery of blood cell counts, the hemoglobin and platelet levels increased immediately after the therapy with danazol and the patient became transfusion independent. However, neither the serum level of LDH nor the percentage of PNH clone in each cell lineage, including BM CD34 + cells, decreased. The number of nucleated cells in BM increased drastically after the start of danazol. These findings suggest that the efficacy of danazol was not only due to the impediment of hemolysis but also due to stimulation of PNH clone proliferation in BM. Am. J. Hematol. 68:280‐‐283, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bleomycin: Pulmonary Toxicity
Authors: RICHARD A. RUDDERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1973Bleomycin: Pulmonary ToxicityRICHARD A. RUDDERS, M.D.RICHARD A. RUDDERS, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-4-618_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent issue Yagoda and colleagues (Ann Intern Med 77:861-870, 1972) present their experience with bleomycin in the treatment of 274 patients with malignant neoplasms. Their study suggests that bleomycin is useful in the management of lymphomas, particularly Hodgkin's diseases, and confirms the data reported by other groups, including ours (1, 2).One of the untoward effects of this drug, however, is pulmonary toxicity, which may in rare instances be acute and fatal. From the data presented by the authors the exact incidence of pulmonary toxicity, assessed either clinically or proved pathologically, is difficult to determine....References1. SHASTRISLAYTONWOLTER SRJ: Clinical study with bleomycin. Cancer 28:1142-1146, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. RUDDERS R: Treatment of advanced malignant lymphomas with bleomycin. Blood 40:317-332, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RUDDERSHENSLEY RG: Bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. Chest. In press Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLimited, But Not Eliminated, Excess Long-Term Morbidity in Stage I-IIA Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine and Limited-Field RadiotherapyTauroursodeoxycholic acid alleviates pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosisAntineoplastic therapy-induced pulmonary toxicityPulmonary Complications of Novel Antineoplastic Agents for Hematologic MalignanciesPossible Mechanisms of Bleomycin-Induced FibrosisIatrogenic Thoracic Complications Induced by DrugsRole of pulmonary function tests in the prevention of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity during chemotherapy for metastatic testicular teratomaPharmacological and pathological responses of the human pulmonary circulation to drugs 1 April 1973Volume 78, Issue 4Page: 616-618KeywordsAdverse reactionsHodgkin lymphomaLung and intrathoracic tumorsLymphomaPatientsResearch designToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Synergistic effect of heme and IL‐1 on hematopoietic stromal regeneration after radiation
Authors: John D. Lutton, Joseph L. Chertkov, Shanlong Jiang, Attallah Kappas, Richard D. Levere, Nader G. Abraham
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Results from this study show that a combination of heme and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) treatment resulted in the most improved recovery of hematopoietic‐stromal regeneration after sublethal irradiation. Less pronounced effects were obtained when heme or IL‐1 were given singly. Sublethal irradiation of mice produced an initial (as early as day 1) intense depression of the hematopoietic system as evidenced by leukopenia. In vivo treatment of animals with heme in combination with IL‐1, accelerated hematopoietic and stromal regeneration as determined by hematopoietic spleen colony forming unit assay (CFU‐S), erythroid (BFU‐E), myeloid (CFU‐GM) clonal cultures, long‐term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC), and the ability to regenerate hematopoiesis by ectopic (renal) stromal hemopoietic transplantation. Sixteen days after irradiation, leukocyte levels in heme and IL‐1 treatment groups were higher than non‐treated animals and were near normal values by 27 days. One day after irradiation, the capacity of stromal progenitors to form new bone and hematopoietic cells (ectopic foci) was severaly impaired, but recovered after 2–4 weeks. This recovery process was accelerated in heme and IL‐1‐treated animals. BFU‐E, CFU‐GM, and CFU‐S capacity was also severely impaired in all animals 1–27 days after irradiation. CFU‐S was only 0.15% of control by day 1 and 5% of control by day 16. Treatment with heme or IL‐1 improved recovery by as much as 70% after 27 days of irradiation. A similar but enhanced recovery was seen for BFU‐E and CFU‐GM, with erythroid recovery the best. Total cellularity, adherent cell layer (ACL) formation, and donogenic capacity by LTBMCs (10 weeks) derived from irradiated animals was severely reduced, whereas the hematopoietic capacity by LTBMCs derived from heme‐ and IL‐1‐treated animals had recovery values similar to non‐irradiated controls. These results suggest therapeutic use of heme and IL‐1 after chemotherapy or bone marrow depression may be beneficial. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets caused by a novel mutation in the vitamin D receptor that results in decreased affinity for hormone and cellular hyporesponsiveness.
Authors: P J Malloy, T R Eccleshall, C Gross, L Van Maldergem, R Bouillon, D Feldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Mutations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) result in target organ resistance to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3], the active form of vitamin D, and cause hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D resistant rickets (HVDRR). We analyzed the VDR of a patient who exhibited three genetic diseases: HVDRR, congenital total lipodystrophy, and persistent mullerian duct syndrome. The patient was treated with extremely high dose calcitriol (12.5 microg/d) which normalized serum calcium and improved his rickets. Analysis of [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 binding in the patient's cultured fibroblasts showed normal abundance of VDR with only a slight decrease in binding affinity compared to normal fibroblasts when measured at 0 degrees C. The patient's fibroblasts demonstrated 1,25(OH)2D3-induction of 24-hydroxylase mRNA, but the effective dose was approximately fivefold higher than in control cells. Sequence analysis of the patient's VDR gene uncovered a single point mutation, H305Q. The recreated mutant VDR was transfected into COS-7 cells where it was 5 to 10-fold less responsive to 1,25(OH)2D3 in gene transactivation. The mutant VDR had an eightfold lower affinity for [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 than the normal VDR when measured at 24 degrees C. RFLP demonstrated that the patient was homozygous for the mutation while the parents were heterozygous. In conclusion, we describe a new ligand binding domain mutation in the VDR that causes HVDRR due to decreased affinity for 1,25(OH)2D3 which can be effectively treated with extremely high doses of hormone.
Course and characteristics of anaemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of recent onset.
Authors: H R Peeters, M Jongen-Lavrencic, A N Raja, H S Ramdin, G Vreugdenhil, F C Breedveld, A J Swaak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, cause, and course of anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Medical records of 225 patients who received a diagnosis of RA between 1990 and 1992 were reviewed longitudinally for mention of anaemia. Anaemia was classified as anaemia of chronic disease if ferritin concentrations reflected adequate body iron stores. Among iron depleted anaemic patients, iron deficiency anaemia was identified using the response to iron supplementation. RESULTS: Anaemia developed in 64% of the patients, mostly within 18 months of follow up, but disappeared again in 54% of those patients. The prevalence of anaemia varied from 39% to 53% throughout follow up. Iron depletion was found in 38% of anaemic patients; 40% of them did not recover from their anaemia after iron supplementation and were classified as having anaemia of chronic disease. Anaemia of chronic disease thus caused 77% and iron deficiency anaemia 23% of observed anaemia. Recovery from anaemia occurred in 42% of the patients with anaemia of chronic disease and in 72% of iron depleted patients after iron supplementation. Anaemic patients, particularly those with anaemia of chronic disease, had a significantly greater number of the American College of Rheumatism criteria for RA, significantly more erosive joint damage, and significantly increased concentrations of serum rheumatoid factor than patients without anaemia. CONCLUSION: Anaemia appeared as a frequent and dynamic manifestation. Recovery and recurrence of anaemia was observed throughout follow up, leading to a longstanding and relatively high prevalence of the condition. Iron deficiency was diagnosed frequently and follow up revealed a considerable overlap with anaemia of chronic disease, making this the most important cause of anaemia in RA. Recovery from anaemia occurred more frequently in iron depleted anaemic patients than in those with anaemia of chronic disease. Anaemic patients, particularly those with anaemia of chronic disease, seemed to have a more serious course of their RA compared with non-anaemic patients.
Microsatellite mapping of a gene affecting horn development in Bos taurus
Authors: Michel Georges, Roger Drinkwater, Tracey King, Anuradha Mishra, Stephen S. Moore, Dahlia Nielsen, Leslie S. Sargeant, Anita Sorensen, Michael R. Steele, Xuyun Zhao, James E. Womack, Jay Hetzel
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
WHO officials press Russia to consider needle exchanges to reduce spread of HIV
Authors: A. Osborn
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The World Health Organization is urging Russia to change its controversial approach to tackling HIV and AIDS, suggesting that it consider embracing methods such as needle exchange programmes for injecting drug users.

WHO officials made the suggestion in private meetings with Russian officials at the annual conference of the organisation’s regional committee for Europe, held in Moscow last week. The event, which was attended by Vladimir Putin, the Russian prime minister, heard how Russia has the highest incidence of HIV among the 53 countries that make up the …
Prothrombotic mutations are associated with increased cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Francesco Dragoni, Otavio Gebara, Massimo Fini, Mauricio Weingarten, JosèMendes Aldrighi, Giuseppe Mercuro, JosèAntonio F. Ramires, Giuseppe M. Rosano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)