tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Points from Letters: Changing Face of Medical practice
Authors: J. N. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

<h3>Objective.</h3> The Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA) and the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) have collaborated to update the recommendations for the management of spondyloarthritis (SpA). <h3>Methods.</h3> A working group was assembled and consisted of the SPARCC executive committee, rheumatologist leaders from SPARCC collaborating sites, Canadian rheumatologists from across the country with an interest in SpA (both academic and community), a rheumatology trainee with an interest in SpA, an epidemiologist/health services researcher, a member of the CRA executive, a member of the CRA therapeutics committee, and a patient representative from the Canadian Spondylitis Association. An extensive review was conducted of literature published from 2007 to 2014 involving the management of SpA. The working group created draft recommendations using multiple rounds of Web-based surveys and an in-person conference. A survey was sent to the membership of the CRA to obtain an extended review that was used to finalize the recommendations. <h3>Results.</h3> Guidelines for the management of SpA were created. Part I focuses on the principles of management of SpA in Canada and includes 6 general management principles, 5 ethical considerations, target groups for treatment recommendations, 2 wait time recommendations, and recommendations for disease monitoring. Also included are 6 modifications for application to juvenile SpA. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> These recommendations were developed based on current literature and applied to a Canadian healthcare context. It is hoped that the implementation of these recommendations will promote best practices in the treatment of SpA.
Abstract 2569: Lyc-O-Mato causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human bladder transitional carcinoma cells
Authors: Natarajan Bhaskaran, Sanjeev Shukla, Lee E. Ponsky, Edward E. Cherullo, Sanjay Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Approximately two thirds of new bladder cancer cases in the United States are superficial papillary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), the majority of which are low-grade neoplasms. Data suggest that bladder carcinogenesis is a multi-step, multi-focal (field effect) process, possibly involving the spread of pre-malignant clones-all of which are prerequisites for effective preventive and/or interventional approaches. Epidemiological data suggests an inverse relationship between serum levels of carotenoids and risk of bladder cancer which has encouraged further investigation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Lyc-O-Mato® (a crude tomato extract containing 10% lycopene and other tomato phytonutrients viz. tocopherols, phytoene, phytofluene, beta-carotene, phospholipids and phytosterols) on human bladder cancer cell growth, cell cycle modulation, induction of apoptosis, and associated molecular alterations. Treatment of bladder cancer cell lines (T-24, high-grade TCC and TCC-SUP, high-grade invasive tumor) with Lyc-O-Mato® at doses of 1-60µM resulted in inhibition of cell growth along with a G1 arrest in T24 cells and G2/M arrest in TCCSUP cells at 24 h post-treatment. In other studies, Lyc-O-Mato® treatment strongly induced the expression of p21/waf1 and p27/kip1, and resulted in a decrease in cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins involved in G1 and G2/M progression in T24 and TCC SUP cells. Lyc-O-Mato® exposure to these cells showed an increased interaction between cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs)-cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and decrease in the interaction of cyclins and CDKs with their respective stages of the cell cycle. Furthermore, Lyc-O-Mato® treatment significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma at Serine780, although no significant changes were observed in the total levels of this protein. In additional studies, Lyc-O-Mato® showed a dose- and time-dependent apoptotic death in both T24 and TCC SUP cells which was associated with significant downregulation of survivin along with the enhancement of pro-apoptotic protein, Bax. These observations provide a strong rationale for further evaluating preventive and/or intervention strategies for Lyc-O-Mato® in pre-clinical models of bladder cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2569. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2569
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “A Word of Caution: Risk of Device Erosion After Percutaneous Treatment of Atrial Septal Defect in Patients With Dilated Aortic Root”
Authors: Petros S. Dardas, Vasilis Thanopoulos, Efstratios K. Theofilogiannakos, Vlasis Ninios, Alexandros Kallifatidis, Antonis A. Pitsis
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Delayed Healing of Vesico-vaginal Fistula by Inflammatory Reaction
Authors: D. Mackay
Journal: BMJ (1946)

BMITASH MEDICAL JOURNAL by temperature.At an average temperature of 70-80' F. (21.1-26.6°C.) the cycle for B.T. parasites is completed in about 10 days.At 60°F.(l5.5°C.) it takes 30 days.It has been stated to take about 14 days at 62-68°F.(16.6-20°C.).The spring of 1945 was an unusually mild one, and so too was the month of June.Records supplied by the meteorological officer of a nearby naval air station showed that from June 3 to 7 the maximum daily temperatures were from 61 to 65.6°F.(16.1 to 18.6°C.),and that from June 17 onwards the daily maximum was never below 60°F.(15.5°C.).There was a spell of warm weather from June 18 to 24, when for a large part of the day the temperature was 65°F.(18.3°C.) or higher and twice exceeded 70°F.(21.1°C.).These temperatures, however, do not necessarily represent those at which the adult female mosquitoes were living during this period, as they spend much of their time indoors, in buildings where they can get meals of blood, especially in animal-houses.In the absence of such accommodation it may be assumed that they would find the Nissen huts, warmed by stoves and containing sleeping Wrens, acceptable alternatives, and with temperatures generally higher than out of doors.Mosquitoes which came out with the first wave of summer hatchings, usually in the first week of June, could be given a week in which to become infected, and, allowing 12 days for the incubation period in the patient, would still have 17 or 18 days in which to develop the parasite within them.At the temperatures of June, 1945, that does not seem an unreasonable period to allow.The first week of July was also warm, with maximum temperatures of over 70°F.(21.1°C.) on two days.I believe that such evidence as is available supports the con- tention that this case of malaria was infected in Northern Ireland.It would be well for practitioners there, as elsewhere in the British Isles, to be on the look out for similar indigenous cases this spring and summer.
Combination Chemotherapy in Refractory Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Michael Figueroa, Jane Gehlsen, Denis Hammond, Sharon Ondreyco, Lawrence Piro, Talisman Pomeroy, Frederick Williams, Robert McMillan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a destructive thrombocytopenia caused by an autoantibody. About 80 percent of patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura have remissions after either corticosteroid therapy or splenectomy. Some patients with resistant disease respond to other agents, but a substantial group are refractory to therapy.
Immunoglobulin subclass-specific immunodeficiency in mice with an X-linked B-lymphocyte defect.
Authors: R M Perlmutter, M Nahm, K E Stein, J Slack, I Zitron, W E Paul, J M Davie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

CBA/N mice express an X-linked deficiency in their antibody response to many bacterial carbohydrates; we have shown recently that these antigens normally elicit antibody responses predominantly of the IgM and IgG3 isotypes. Here we demonstrate that mice, with the CBA/N phenotype have perferential deficiencies of IgM and IgG3 immunoglobulin expression, both when measured in serum and in cells secreting these isotypes, and that this deficiency is only partially corrected by polyclonal activation of B cells. This suggests that CBA/N mice may lack a subpopulation of B cells that contain most of the IgG3 precursors.
The Use of Aminopyrine to Control Fever in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Paul W. Spear
Journal: JAMA (1962)

SINCE HODGKIN'S DISEASE was first described in 1832, x-rays, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, and steroids have become available as therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, therapy of the disease continues to remain a problem, and management, particularly in the later stages after dissemination has occurred, is still unsatisfactory. Fever is one of the more bothersome symptoms with which the physician has to deal. A simple method of treating this fever is used so little that it is worth reporting in some detail.  The fever of Hodgkin's disease may be continuous, but more usually is relapsing (Pel-Ebstein fever). Its incidence is variously reported to be from 30% to 50%. When fever does occur, it is usually a cause of disability by virtue of the malaise, weakness, sweating, anorexia, and headache, which are the direct consequences of elevated body temperatures. If the disease is left to run an uninhibited febrile course, it is usual for the
Regulatory evaluation of Glybera in Europe — two committees, one mission
Authors: Daniela Melchiorri, Luca Pani, Paolo Gasparini, Giulio Cossu, Janis Ancans, John Joseph Borg, Catherine Drai, Piotr Fiedor, Egbert Flory, Ian Hudson, Hubert G. Leufkens, Jan Müller-Berghaus, Gopalan Narayanan, Brigitte Neugebauer, Juris Pokrotnieks, Jean-Louis Robert, Tomas Salmonson, Christian K. Schneider
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2013)
Coronary Radiography and Endarterectomy
Authors: NELSON R. NILES, CHARLES T. DOTTER
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Postmortem angiography, kerosene perfusion, latex mass-injection radiographic studies and the conventional methods of anatomic pathology have been used in a study of coronary artery disease in 189 hearts, 88 of which had myocardial infarction associated with coronary arteriosclerosis. Analysis was directed to ascertain whether sclerotic lesions appeared to be amenable to surgical removal and whether such removal is likely to result in an increased flow of blood to the myocardium. Affirmative conclusions to these questions were reinforced by 42 postmortem coronary resections done in 31 cases. Fluidtight closures permitted follow-up perfusion studies in 25 successful resections done for the relief of coronary luminal narrowing, and in 16 of these significant increase in the perfusion rate resulted. Twelve of these 25 were endarterectomies, and increased perfusion rates were achieved in 10 of them. From the logical standpoint, direct relief such as appears mechanically feasible through surgical endarterectomy offers an attractive therapeutic approach to myocardial ischemia from coronary arteriosclerosis. The presence of multiple main-vessel lesions and of distal small-branch disease does not preclude significant improvement; these are not contraindications to such surgery. In view of the frequency and mortality of coronary arteriosclerosis and because of the inadequacies of other methods of therapy in use today, the clinical trial of a direct attack upon the occluding lesion appears to be warranted. Current clinical failures provide opportunities while external artificial circulation and other methods for left ventricular assistance or bypass pumping provide means for gaining surgical experience and offering at least a slim chance to patients whose lives would otherwise be lost. Radiographic studies of the coronary system will be essential to any surgical attack likely to succeed.
Points from Letters: Economy in Prescribing
Authors: N. D. L. Olsen
Journal: BMJ (1974)

poem.I was particularly interested as there is a current neglect of medals as a source of medical history.May I make some observations on the medal itself?The object under the lancet on the reverse is a vaccine point, perhaps of ivory, on which the material, fresh or dry, would be conveyed to the scarified area.Ampoules were not used for biological material until sterilization was understood.Incidentally, the goddess has a bandage round her left arm as though she had been recently vaccinated, surely a work of supererogation. . Schonlein versus Henoch
Long-Term Antihypertensive Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Direct Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren
Authors: Roland E. Schmieder, Thomas Philipp, Javier Guerediaga, Manuel Gorostidi, Beverly Smith, Nicole Weissbach, Mojdeh Maboudian, Jaco Botha, Hein van Ingen
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Diuretics are recommended as first-line agents for the treatment of hypertension. This randomized, double-blind, multicenter study assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in comparison with the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension.After a 2- to 4-week placebo run-in, 1124 patients (mean sitting diastolic blood pressure [BP] 95 to 109 mm Hg) were randomized to aliskiren 150 mg (n=459), hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (n=444), or placebo (n=221) once daily. Forced titration (to aliskiren 300 mg or hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg) occurred at week 3; at week 6, patients receiving placebo were reassigned (1:1 ratio) to aliskiren 300 mg or hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg. From week 12, amlodipine 5 mg was added and titrated to 10 mg from week 18 for patients whose BP remained uncontrolled. Efficacy variables were analyzed for the intent-to-treat population with the use of the last observation carried forward method. BP reductions (mean sitting systolic BP/mean sitting diastolic BP) were significantly greater with aliskiren- versus hydrochlorothiazide-based treatment at week 26 (-20.3/-14.2 versus -18.6/-13.0 mm Hg; P<0.05) and were also greater at week 52 (-22.1/-16.0 versus -21.2/-15.0 mm Hg; P<0.05 for mean sitting diastolic BP). At the end of the monotherapy period (week 12), aliskiren 300 mg was superior to hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg in reducing BP (-17.4/-12.2 versus -14.7/-10.3 mm H; P<0.001). Adverse event rates were similar with aliskiren- (65.2%) and hydrochlorothiazide-based therapy (61.5%). Hypokalemia was more frequent with hydrochlorothiazide-based therapy than aliskiren-based therapy (17.9% versus 0.9%; P<0.0001).Aliskiren treatment, both as monotherapy and with optional addition of amlodipine, provided significantly greater BP reductions than the respective hydrochlorothiazide regimens. Aliskiren-based therapy was well tolerated. Direct renin inhibition with aliskiren therefore represents an effective option for the long-term treatment of essential hypertension.
Occupational asthma related to fresh <i>Gypsophila paniculata</i>
Authors: I. Antépara, I. Jáuregui, I. Urrutia, P. M. Gamboa, G. González, D. Barber, Ignacio Jáuregui Presa
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Antépara I, Jáuregui I, Urrutia I, Gamboa PM, González G, Barber D. Occupational asthma related to fresh Gypsophila paniculata.
Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with ketanserin in patients with connective tissue disorders.
Authors: O K Roald, E Seem
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The serotonin receptor blocker ketanserin was given orally in a double blind crossover study to 10 patients with connective tissue disorders and Raynaud9s phenomenon. Eight of the 10 patients improved clinically on ketanserin and none on placebo. Digital blood flow was assessed with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), photoplethysmography, and skin temperature measurements. Laser Doppler flowmetry was the most useful method, showing a significant reduction in recovery time after a standard cold provocation. Although the resting flow was not significantly improved, digital ulcers healed in four out of five patients, providing evidence of increased nutritive flow. The results of this study suggest that orally administered ketanserin may be an effective and well tolerated treatment for Raynaud9s phenomenon associated with connective tissue disorders, especially scleroderma.
LONG TERM ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST IMPROVES CORONARY ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Reriani Kaiga Martin, Eugenia Raichlin, Abhiram Prasad, Verghese Mathew, Ryan Lennon, Charanjit Rihal, Lilach Lerman, Amir Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Adenoviral Vectors Expressing Human Endostatin–Angiostatin and Soluble Tie2: Enhanced Suppression of Tumor Growth and Antiangiogenic Effects in a Prostate Tumor Model
Authors: Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Constance J. Temm, Nandita S. Raikwar, Chinghai Kao, Bruce A. Molitoris, Thomas A. Gardner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Angiogenesis is essential for prostate cancer development and metastasis. Antiangiogenic therapy targeting tumor neovasculature, therefore, represents a promising approach for prostate cancer treatment. We hypothesized that adenoviral-mediated delivery of a combination of antiangiogenic factors might have an enhanced antitumor response. We developed the adenoviral vectors Ad-hEndo-angio, expressing a unique, chimeric human endostatin-angiostatin fusion protein, and Ad-sTie2, expressing a soluble form of endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. Matrigel angiogenesis assays using Ad-hEndo-angio revealed significant inhibition of tubular network formation and endothelial sprouting compared to Ad-sTie2. In vivo studies in a bilateral PC-3 tumor xenograft model following either intratumoral or systemic administration of Ad-hEndo-angio led to enhanced tumor growth suppression compared to Ad-sTie2. A novel finding is that an intratumoral, combination therapy employing one-half the dose of Ad-hEndo-angio as well as Ad-sTie2 led to a complete regression of the injected, as well as the contralateral uninjected, tumor and prolonged the tumor-free survival in 80% of the animals. In addition, a novel, real-time, intravital imaging modality was used to monitor antiangiogenic responses following adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. These results suggest that a combinatorial antiangiogenic gene therapy approach involving Ad-hEndo-angio and Ad-sTie2 could become a novel form of treatment for localized human prostate cancer.
Excellence in healthcare education: top picks for 2011
Authors: C. Rehwagen, C. Ward
Journal: BMJ (2011)

It is often said that August is a bad time to be admitted to hospital because this is when junior doctors start work in the NHS. The first shortlisted candidate in the BMJ Group Award’s category for excellence in healthcare education acted on this by starting the “from scared to prepared course,” for new doctors in Bristol. The course was developed by Rebecca Aspinall, an anaesthetist and programme director for doctor training at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust with surgical registrar Natalie Blencowe, who recognised that mandatory training for junior doctors did not adequately prepare them for their new role.

The content is based on surveys of foundation year one (F1) doctors to find out what they wish they had been taught before starting and of medical students to find out what they are most …
Investigation of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity as a mechanism of action for a novel anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Benjamin Boyerinas, Caroline Jochems, Kenneth W Hance, Christopher R Heery, James L Gulley, Helen Sabzevari, Jeffrey Schlom, Kwong Tsang
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Expression of the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 constitutes a major mechanism of tumor immune evasion. Multiple clinical trials in solid tumors have demonstrated that inhibition of tumor PD-L1 or immune effector PD-1 via monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can produce dramatic clinical
Rapid Dissection of the Genetic Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Jonathan L. Haines, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Debra A. Schaumberg, ScD, OD, MPH; Susan E. Hankinson, ScD; Qun Guo, MSc; Eric Rimm, ScD; David J. Hunter, MBBS, ScDObjectivesTo delineate the magnitude of susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) due to common variants in the gene for complement factor H (CFH) and the predicted gene LOC387715 and to determine whether these variants interact with modifiable risk factors.MethodsWe compared cases who developed AMD (n = 457) with 1071 age- and sex-matched control subjects in a prospective nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We determined the incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AMD for each genotype and examined the interactions with modifiable risk factors.ResultsParticipants with 1 or 2 copies of the Y402H variant of CFH were, respectively, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.64-2.40) and 3.92 (95% CI, 2.69-5.76) times more likely to develop AMD, whereas the incident rate ratios (95% CIs) for 1 and 2 copies of LOC387715 A69S were 2.38 (1.92-2.96) and 5.66 (3.69-8.76), respectively. The fraction of AMD cases attributable to these 2 variants was 63% (95% CI, 58%-68%). Subjects homozygous for both risk alleles had a 50-fold increased risk of AMD (95% CI, 10.8-237), and cigarette smoking and obesity multiplied the risks associated with these variants.ConclusionAge-related macular degeneration has emerged as a paradigmatic example of a common disease caused by the interplay of genetic predisposition and exposure to modifiable risk factors.
Predictors of Epilepsy in Children Who Have Experienced Febrile Seizures
Authors: Karin B. Nelson, Jonas H. Ellenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

We examined the frequency of development of afebrile seizures in 1706 children who had experienced at least one febrile seizure and were followed to the age of seven years. Epilepsy developed by seven years of age in 20 per 1000 (2 per cent), and another 10 per 1000 had at least one afebrile seizure that did not meet our definition of epilepsy. In children whose neurologic or developmental status was suspect or abnormal before any seizure and whose first seizure was complex (longer than 15 minutes, multiple or focal) epilepsy developed at a rate 18 times higher than in children with no febrile seizures (92 vs. 5 per 1000; P less than 0.001). In the largest group with febrile seizures, those previously normal with noncomplex first febrile seizures, epilepsy developed in 11 per 1000; this rate, although moderate, was greater than that for children with no febrile seizures (P = 0.027). Prior neurologic and developmental status and characteristics of the first febrile seizure are important predictors of epilepsy after febrile seizures.
Confirming the diagnosis of mild hypertension.
Authors: R M Hartley, R Velez, R W Morris, M F D'Souza, R F Heller
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Patients with newly found raised blood pressure are known to have lower pressures at subsequent measurements even when not treated. A study was undertaken to determine the extent to which (a) the number of follow-up measurements and (b) the duration of the intervals between them contributed to this fall in pressure. In 42 general practices 110 patients were identified as having for the first time a diastolic pressure (phase V) greater than 90 and less than 110 mm Hg. Both diastolic and systolic pressures were appreciably lower when measured at return visits when compared with the first measurement. The systolic pressure dropped appreciably in the intervals between the first and the second visits and again between the second and third visits. The diastolic pressure fell appreciably only between the first and second visits. The duration of the interval between visits was not associated with a fall in either systolic or diastolic pressure, but the number of measurements was. This pattern of fall in pressure was not affected by the patient9s age or sex. From these results we conclude that patients with newly identified blood pressures that are mildly raised should be seen at two further visits before a decision about treatment is made. The timing of these follow-up visits is not crucial.