tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Female Sex as a Risk Factor for In-Hospital Mortality Among Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ruey-Kang R. Chang, Alex Y. Chen, Thomas S. Klitzner
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sex disparity in cardiovascular outcomes exists in children who undergo cardiac surgery.Statewide hospital discharge data from California from 1995 to 1997 were used. Children <21 years old who had a procedure code (by ICD9-CM) that indicated cardiac surgery were selected. The outcome variable was binary, in-hospital death versus alive at discharge. Twenty-three surgical procedures were selected and adjusted for risk by procedure type. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effect of sex on in-hospital mortality, controlling for age, race and ethnicity, type of insurance, home income, type of admission, date and month of surgery, hospital case volume, and type of procedure. There were 6593 cases of cardiac surgery, with 345 in-hospital deaths (mortality rate 5.23%). Crude mortality rates for males (4.98%) and females (5.54%) were not significantly different. However, fewer females were neonates, and females had more low-risk procedures than males. Multivariate logistic regression showed that females had a higher odds ratio (OR) for mortality than males (OR 1.51, P<0.01). The OR for mortality was 3.86 for neonates and 2.98 for infants compared with children aged > or =1 year. Low-volume hospitals had higher mortality rates than high-volume hospitals (OR 1.67, P<0.01). The risk-adjusted length of hospital stay and charges were similar between females and males.For children undergoing cardiac surgery, female sex was associated with 51% higher odds of death than male sex. The mechanism by which female sex acts as a risk factor requires further investigation.
Diagnostic Clue to Acute Splenic Torsion in the Tropics
Authors: A. B. Cross
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In three patients with acute torsion of the spleen in the tropics the presenting symptoms included an abdominal mass, pain, and vomiting. In malarious areas adults usually know that they have splenomegaly and hence this fact should be ascertained in the clinical history. In an acute abdominal catastrophe, with a palpable tumour and a history of known splenomegaly, the absence of the spleen in the normal position suggests acute splenic torsion.
Immunology highlights at high altitude: review of the fourth EAACI‐GA<sup>2</sup>LEN Davos Meeting
Authors: J. Gutermuth, G. Köllisch, M. Bewersdorff, A. Braun, F. Alessandrini, T. Jakob
Journal: Allergy (2006)

The field of allergy is moving fast. To keep pace with the underlying immunologic mechanisms, the 4th EAACI‐GA 2 LEN Davos meeting on ‘Basic Immunology Research in Allergy and Clinical Immunology’ was organized in Grainau, Germany, February 16th–19th, 2006 by the Immunology Section of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the ZAUM – Center for Allergy and Environment, Technical University Munich, with generous support from GA 2 LEN. Recent advances and new insights on innate and adaptive immunity, environmental factors influencing immune responses, immune regulation and allergic inflammation were presented by keynote speakers and selected participants.
THE RATIONALE AND TECHNIC OF PNEUMATIC AURAL MASSAGE.
Authors: B. ALEX. RANDALL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The estimate of von Troeltsch that one-third of all adults are deaf in one or both ears has never been authoritatively questioned, and the extensive studies of school-children by Bezold and others have shown even in early life a serious loss in from 5 to 10 per cent. of all examined. As our clinical statistics prove that the great majority of these defects are due to impaired conducting apparatus and but a tithe to nerve-lesion, we are constantly facing the problem of how best to improve this conducting apparatus, both to check any progress of the defect and to regain, if possible, what has been lost. To this end the restoration of impaired mobility has long seemed a cardinal measure and hundreds of devices have been brought forward with more or less ardent claims as to their efficacy. The last word will not soon be said as to many of
Chronic Lead Poisoning Due to Grease Paint
Authors: E. L. Bartleman, C. Dukes
Journal: BMJ (1936)

no"Fff'o Effects on Castrated Animals It is difficult, if not impossible, to give a definite figure for the.activity of testosterone on castrated mammals compared with that of androsterone.Not only are the ratios different for prostate and seminal vesicles, but the slopes of the dose-response curves for the two substances are so different that no ratio is significant unless the level. of response at which the comparison is made is also stated.This applies also to other compounds (Parkes).12Further, differences in the technique of dissecting and weighing the organs render it difficult even to make the comparison at the same level of response in different laboratories.Tschoppll states that testosterone given alone is twenty times as active as androsterone on the seminal vesicles.
Abstract P2-18-10: High risk of late in-breast tumour recurrence after BRCA1/2-associated breast cancer
Authors: M Nilsson, L Hartman, U Kristoffersson, H Olsson, Å Borg, K Henriksson, E Lanke, N Loman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: In the general population, partial mastectomy followed by postoperative radiotherapy (PMRT) reduces the risk of local recurrences of breast cancers to a level comparable to the risk after mastectomy (M). However, for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, a potentially increased risk of a new primary breast cancer in the ipsilateral breast must be taken into account when recommendations about type of surgery are given. To address this question, we conducted a retrospective study on the risk of in-breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after PMRT in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods: Women with invasive breast cancer from families with a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 identified at a single institution were included in the study (n = 174). Median age at diagnosis was 43 years and median follow-up was 10.8 years for patients alive at end of follow-up. Patients who were treated with PMRT (n = 45) were compared with patients who had M as primary surgery (n = 118). Endpoints were local recurrence as first failure (LR [IBTR or thoracic wall recurrence]), overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survuval (BCSS) and distant disease-free survival (DDFS). LR, OS, BCSS and DDFS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. For calculation of hazard ratios and for multivariable analysis, the Cox proportional hazards model was used. Results: In univariate analysis, no difference in OS, BCSS or DDFS was seen between the PMRT and M groups (HR 0.9 [95% CI 0.5-1.4], HR 0.9 [CI 0.5-1.7] and HR 0.8 [CI 0.5-1.5], respectively). In multivariable analysis, adjusting for tumor stage, age and use of adjuvant chemotherapy, the hazard ratios were lower (HR 0.8 [95% CI 0.4-1.3], HR 0.6 [CI 0.3-1.3] and HR 0.6 [CI 0.3-1.1], respectively), but remained inconclusive. Compared to M, PMRT was associated with an increased risk for LR in univariate analysis (HR 4.0 [CI 1.6-9.8]). In the M group, all local recurrences were seen in the first 5 years. As opposed to this, in the PMRT group the rate of IBTR was rather constant over 15 years of follow-up. The cumulative risk for IBTR in the PMRT group was 19%, 32% and 43% after 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Conclusion: BRCA1/2 mutation carriers treated with PMRT have a high risk for IBTR, many of which are new primary breast cancers. This must be thoroughly discussed with the patient and is an example of how rapid treatment-focused genetic testing already could influence choice of treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-18-10.
Contact and photocontact sensitization in chronic actinic dermatitis: sesquiterpene lactone mix is an important allergen
Authors: H. du P. MENAGÉ, J.S. ROSS, P.G. NORRIS, J.L.M. HAWK, I.R. WHITE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Eighty-nine patients with chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) were retrospectively studied: 69 (78%) male and 20 (22%) female, with mean ages of 66 and 64 years, respectively; nine (10%) were dark skinned. Eight (9%) were abnormally sensitive to UVB wavelengths alone, 74 (83%) to UVB and UVA, and seven (8%) to UVB, UVA and visible radiation. Eighty-six patients were patch tested to an extended standard European series of contact allergens, including in 80 cases a 0.1% mix of three sesquiterpene lactones, and photopatch tested to a standard photopatch series. Sixty-four of these 86 patients (74%) had positive patch or photopatch tests; 36% (29 of 80) were sensitive to the sesquiterpene lactone mix, 21% (18 of 86) to fragrance compounds, 20% (17 of 86) to colophony, and 14% (12 of 86) to rubber chemicals. Ten (12%) had positive photopatch tests; five (6%) to musk ambrette, six (7%) to sunscreens and one to both. Fourteen of the eighty-nine patients with CAD (16%) had preceding endogenous eczema. In 18 of 86 patients (21%), CAD occurred alone, with neither detectable contact nor photocontact allergy, nor a preceding history of endogenous eczema. This study confirms the association between Compositae (sesquiterpene lactone) dermatitis and CAD.
13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of hepatic glucose metabolism in normal subjects and subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: G W Cline, D L Rothman, I Magnusson, L D Katz, G I Shulman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

To determine the effect of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on rates and pathways of hepatic glycogen synthesis, as well as flux through hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase, we used 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor the peak intensity of the C1 resonance of the glucosyl units of hepatic glycogen, in combination with acetaminophen to sample the hepatic UDP-glucose pool and phenylacetate to sample the hepatic glutamine pool, during a hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp using [1-13C]-glucose. Five subjects with poorly controlled IDDM and six age-weight-matched control subjects were clamped at a mean plasma glucose concentration of approximately 9 mM and mean plasma insulin concentrations approximately 400 pM for 5 h. Rates of hepatic glycogen synthesis were similar in both groups (approximately 0.43 +/- 0.09 mumol/ml liver min). However, flux through the indirect pathway of glycogen synthesis (3 carbon units-->-->glycogen) was increased by approximately 50% (P < 0.05), whereas the relative contribution of pyruvate oxidation to TCA cycle flux was decreased by approximately 30% (P < 0.05) in the IDDM subjects compared to the control subjects. These studies demonstrate that patients with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have augmented hepatic gluconeogenesis and relative decreased rates of hepatic pyruvate oxidation. These abnormalities are not immediately reversed by normalizing intraportal concentrations of glucose, insulin, and glucagon and may contribute to postprandial hyperglycemia.
I CaL inhibition prevents arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves caused by abnormal Ca2+ sensitivity of RyR or SR Ca2+ accumulation
Authors: Mathis K. Stokke, Nils Tovsrud, William E. Louch, Leiv Øyehaug, Karina Hougen, Ole M. Sejersted, Fredrik Swift, Ivar Sjaastad
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves result from uncontrolled Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) that occurs with increased Ca2+ sensitivity of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) or excessive Ca2+ accumulation during β-adrenergic stimulation. We hypothesized that inhibition of the L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL) could prevent such Ca2+ waves in both situations. Ca2+ waves were induced in mouse left ventricular cardiomyocytes by isoproterenol combined with caffeine to increase RyR Ca2+ sensitivity. ICaL inhibition by verapamil (0.5 µM) reduced Ca2+ wave probability in cardiomyocytes during electrostimulation, and during a 10 s rest period after ceasing stimulation. A separate type of Ca2+ release events occurred during the decay phase of the Ca2+ transient and was not prevented by verapamil. Verapamil decreased Ca2+ spark frequency, but not in permeabilized cells, indicating that this was not due to direct effects on RyR. The antiarrhythmic effect of verapamil was due to reduced SR Ca2+ content following ICaL inhibition. Computational modelling supported that the level of ICaL inhibition obtained experimentally was sufficient to reduce the SR Ca2+ content. Ca2+ wave prevention through reduced SR Ca2+ content was also effective in heterozygous ankyrin B knockout mice with excessive SR Ca2+ accumulation during β-adrenergic stimulation. ICaL inhibition prevents diastolic Ca2+ waves caused by increased Ca2+ sensitivity of RyR or excessive SR Ca2+ accumulation during β-adrenergic stimulation. In contrast, unstimulated early Ca2+ release during the decay of the Ca2+ transient is not prevented, and merits further study to understand the full antiarrhythmic potential of ICaL inhibition.
Wheeze Phenotypes and Lung Function in Preschool Children
Authors: Lesley A. Lowe, Angela Simpson, Ashley Woodcock, Julie Morris, Clare S. Murray, Adnan Custovic
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Distinct phenotypes can be identified in childhood wheezing illness. Within the context of a birth cohort study, we investigated the association between preschool lung function and phenotypes of wheeze. From parentally reported history of wheeze (interviewer-administered questionnaire, age 3 and 5 years), children were classified as never wheezers, transient early wheezers, late-onset wheezers, or persistent wheezers. Lung function (specific airway resistance [sRaw]; kPa/second) was assessed at age 3 (n = 463) and 5 years (n = 690). Persistent wheezers had markedly poorer lung function compared with other groups. In children who had wheezed by age 3, the risk of persistent wheeze increased with increased sRaw (odds ratio [OR] 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-22.0; p = 0.02). In a multivariate model, increasing sRaw (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.2-25.9; p = 0.03) and the child's sensitization (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-5.8; p = 0.008) were significant independent predictors of persistent wheezing. We found no association between lung function at age 3 and late-onset wheeze in children who had not wheezed previously (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.07-5.3; p = 0.64). In conclusion, poor lung function at age 3 predicted the subsequent persistence of symptoms in children who had wheezed within the first 3 years, but was not associated with the onset of wheeze after age 3 in children who had not wheezed previously.
Modifying factors in urinary bladder carcinogenesis
Authors: Nobuyuki Ito, Shoji Fukushima, Tomoyuki Shirai, Keisuke Nakanishi, Ryohei Hasegawa, Katsumi Imaida
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

N-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) is a potent carcinogen in the urinary bladder of animals. The BBN model of bladder cancer is an excellent model of human urinary bladder cancer and has already led to a greater knowledge of its pathogenesis. In our studies, histogenesis and morphological characteristics of BBN urinary bladder cancer were analyzed in different animal species such as rats, mice, hamsters and guinea pigs and also in different rat strains. Papillary or nodular hyperplasia (PN hyperplasia) is found to be a preneoplastic lesion of the rat urinary bladder. Therefore, the promoting and inhibitory effects of various chemicals in two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis were judged by measuring PN hyperplasia in rats. Dose-dependent and organ-specific effects of the urinary bladder promoter, saccharin, in the induction of PN hyperplasia were shown in rats after initiation by BBN. The promoting effect of saccharin was seen more clearly in the urinary bladder of rats after potent initiation. A strain difference in susceptibility of the urinary bladder to the promoter was also shown. These results suggest that the above various factors may also have modifying activities on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in man.
Use of Electric Power Morcellation and Prevalence of Underlying Cancer in Women Who Undergo Myomectomy
Authors: Jason D. Wright, Ana I. Tergas, Rosa Cui, William M. Burke, June Y. Hou, Cande V. Ananth, Ling Chen, Catherine Richards, Alfred I. Neugut, Dawn L. Hershman
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Myomectomy, the excision of uterine leiomyoma, is now commonly performed via minimally invasive surgery. Electric power morcellation, or fragmentation of the leiomyoma with a mechanical device, may be used to facilitate extraction of the leiomyoma.To analyze the prevalence of underlying cancer and precancerous changes in women who underwent myomectomy with and without electric power uterine morcellation.We used a US nationwide database to retrospectively analyze women who underwent myomectomy at 496 hospitals from January 2006 to December 2012. Use of electric power morcellation at the time of myomectomy was investigated. The prevalence of uterine cancer, uterine neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential, and endometrial hyperplasia were estimated. Multivariable mixed-effects regression models were developed to examine predictors of use of electric power morcellation and factors associated with adverse pathologic outcomes.Use of electric power morcellation at the time of myomectomy was examined. The occurrence of uterine cancer and precancerous uterine lesions was determined.The cohort consisted of 41 777 women who underwent myomectomy at 496 hospitals and included 3220 (7.7%) who had electric power morcellation. Uterine cancer was identified in 73 (1 in 528) women who underwent myomectomy without electric power morcellation (0.19%; 95% CI, 0.15%-0.23%) and in 3 (1 in 1073) women who underwent electric power morcellation (0.09%; 95% CI, 0.02%-0.27%). The corresponding rates of any pathologic finding (cancer, tumors of uncertain malignant potential, or endometrial hyperplasia) were 0.67% (n = 257) (95% CI, 0.59%-0.75%) (1 in 150) and 0.43% (n = 14) (95% CI, 0.21%-0.66%) (1 in 230), respectively. Advanced age was the strongest risk factor for uterine cancer.The prevalence of cancers and precancerous abnormalities of the uterus in women who undergo myomectomy with or without electric power morcellation is low overall, but risk increases with age. Electric power morcellation should be used with caution in older women undergoing myomectomy.
Successful surgical excision of focal paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Observations in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: C R Wyndham, M F Arnsdorf, S Levitsky, T C Smith, R C Dhingra, P Denes, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A 41-year-old man had chronic, recurrent, drug-resistant paroxysmal right atrial tachycardia. Electrophysiologic studies revealed features suggesting atrial reentrance, including induction and termination of tachycardia with rapid atrial pacing and atrial extrastimuli. Endocardial catheter mapping localized the origin of tachycardia to the right atrial appendage. Intraoperative epicardial mapping refined the localization to the posterolateral rim of the appendage. The appendage was excised and the tachycardia was permanently cured. Microelectrode studies on the excised tissue revealed an inducible rhythm localized to a small area of the atrial endocardium, characterized by rapid pacing induction, rhythmicity generated from a suprathreshold afterdepolarization, low maximum diastolic potential, low overshoot potential and a smooth transition from phase 4 to phase 0, suggesting triggered automaticity. This is the first observation in man of probable triggerable atrial automaticity, which may be a direct counterpart of the clinical arrhythmia. The successful surgical outcome indicates that a focal atrial tachycardia can be excised in selected patients.
Decreased circulating thymus-derived cells with receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: D Alarcón-Segovia, A Ruíz-Argüelles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Thymus-derived cells with receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (Fcgamma+ T cells) have recently been found to have a suppressor function, a function that is decreased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fcgamma+ T cells were found significantly diminished in 21 untreated SLE patients, particularly in the 7 patients who had active disease. Most Fcgamma+ T cells were separated with a subpopulation of T cells with low affinity for sheep erythrocytes. Decrease of this subpopulation was dependent on the decrease in Fcgamma+ T cells. Non-T cells with Fcgamma receptors were also diminished in SLE patients, but their decrease did not correlate with disease activity. The decrease in suppressor-cell function in SLE may be a result of loss, rather than of dysfunction, of the suppressor Fcgamma+ T cells.
Positron Emission Tomography and Breast Lesions
Authors: Ashraf Anas Zytoon, Koji Murakami, Mohamed Ramdan El-Kholy, Osama Ebied
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

The frequency of malignancy with low FDG uptake is significant and often presents diagnostic challenges. The usefulness of dual-time point FDG-PET/CT imaging (including early "after 45 minutes" and delayed "after 100 minutes," phases after radionuclide administration) for detection of such tumors has been documented. The authors present 2 cases of pathologically proven breast cancer with minimally increased FDG uptake on the initial scan (maximum standardized uptake value; SUVmax <2.5). Detection was improved by performing a dynamic PET study with early and delayed scans. Patients with a poorly visualized breast lesion due to minimal FDG uptake on the initial FDG-PET images should not be considered as benign and deserves further delayed phase imaging.
Formation of bile acids in man: conversion of cholesterol into 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α-triol in liver homogenates*
Authors: Ingemar Björkhem, Henry Danielsson, Kurt Einarsson, Gunnar Johansson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The mechanisms of the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids in man were studied by examining the metabolism of cholesterol-1,2-3H, cholest-5-ene-3β,7α-diol-7β-3H, tritiumlabeled 7α-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, 7α,12α-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, and cholest-5-ene-3β,7α,12α-triol in fractions of liver homogenates. The 20,000 g supernatant fluid catalyzed the conversion of cholesterol into cholest-5-ene-3β,7α-diol, 7α-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, 7α-12α-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, and 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α-triol. In the presence of microsomal fraction fortified with NAD+, cholest-5-ene-3β,7α-diol was converted into 7α-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, and when this fraction was fortified with NADPH small amounts of cholest-5-ene-3β-7α,12α-triol were formed. 7α-Hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one was metabolized into 7α-12α-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one in the presence of microsomal fraction fortified with NADPH and into 5β-cholestane-3α,7α-diol in the presence of 100,000 g supernatant fluid. Cholest-5-ene-3β,7α,12α-triol was converted into 7α,12α-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one in the presence of microsomal fraction fortified with NAD+. The 100,000 g supernatant fluid catalyzed the conversion of 7α,12α-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one into 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α-triol. The sequence of reactions in the conversion of cholesterol into 5β-cholestane-3α,7α-diol and 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α-triol, the subcellular localization of the enzymes, and the cofactor requirements were found to be the same as those described for rat liver.
Impact of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Platelet Aggregation and Inflammatory Response in Anemic Coronary and Noncoronary Patients
Authors: Johanne Silvain, Jérémie Abtan, Mathieu Kerneis, Réjane Martin, Jonathan Finzi, Jean-Baptiste Vignalou, Olivier Barthélémy, Stephen A. O'Connor, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Nicolas Brechot, Anne Mercadier, Delphine Brugier, Sophie Galier, Jean-Philippe Collet, Jean Chastre, Gilles Montalescot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)