tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension
Authors: Jeoffrey N.L. Schouten, Juan C. Garcia-Pagan, Dominique C. Valla, Harry L.A. Janssen
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH) is characterized by an increased portal venous pressure gradient in the absence of a known cause of liver disease and portal vein thrombosis. In contrast to the high prevalence of this disorder in India, INCPH is a rare disease in the Western world. The etiology of INCPH can be divided in five categories: chronic infections, exposure to medication or toxins, thrombophilia, immunological disorders, and genetic disorders. Multifactorial etiology can also be encountered. Chronic abdominal infection is incriminated as the most important etiological factor in Eastern patients and thrombophilia in Western patients. The majority of patients with INCPH initially present with signs or complications of portal hypertension (mainly variceal bleeding and splenomegaly). These patients usually have preserved liver function. Liver function impairment occurs mainly in the context of intercurrent conditions. Patients with INCPH are often clinically and radiologically misdiagnosed as liver cirrhosis, so that a liver biopsy is indispensable to discriminate cirrhosis from INCPH. Histopathological characteristics of INCPH are heterogeneous, demonstrating overlap between several pathological entities (e.g., hepatoportal sclerosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, and incomplete septal cirrhosis). Even though hemodynamical changes in INCPH patients are not comparable to those in cirrhotics, prophylaxis and treatment of variceal bleeding are recommended to be similar. Anticoagulation therapy must be considered only in patients who develop portal vein thrombosis. INCPH has been considered a disorder with a relatively benign disease course. However, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatopulmonary syndrome can occur and are considered indications for liver transplantation. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Symptoms associated with malignancy of peripheral nerve sheath tumours: a retrospective study of 69 patients with neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: L. Valeyrie-Allanore, N. Ismaili, S. Bastuji-Garin, J. Zeller, J. Wechsler, J. Revuz, P. Wolkenstein
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder with variable clinical manifestations and an unpredictable course. Plexiform neurofibromas are common complications of NF1. Their malignant transformation is the main cause of mortality in adult patients with NF1.To identify clinical factors associated with malignant transformation of plexiform neurofibromas.Using the database of our neurofibromatosis clinic we included in a retrospective study all patients with NF1 having at least one peripheral nerve sheath tumour for which they underwent surgery or surgical biopsy. Predictive values for malignant transformation of three clinical symptoms, i.e. pain, enlargement of mass and neurological symptoms, were evaluated in association with histological parameters.Of 69 patients studied, 48 had at least one plexiform neurofibroma and 21 had a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour. Only enlargement of the tumour had high negative and positive predictive values for malignant transformation: 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. In multivariate analysis, tumour enlargement was independently associated with malignant transformation (odds ratio 167.8, 95% confidence interval 14.0-2012.1).From a practical point of view, pain, neurological deficit and enlargement of a pre-existing peripheral nerve sheath tumour in NF1 must lead to deep surgical biopsy to rule out malignant transformation.
Clinical Use of Apolipoprotein Quantitation
Authors: Federico R. Justiniani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 January 1995Clinical Use of Apolipoprotein QuantitationFederico R. Justiniani, MDFederico R. Justiniani, MDMt. Sinai Medical Center; Miami Beach, FL 33140Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-1-199501010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their excellent review on plasma apolipoproteins, Rader and colleagues [1] recommend that fasting determinations of both apolipoprotein B (apo B) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) levels should be made in persons with coronary artery disease who are not candidates for pharmacologic therapy as determined by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels less than 3.4 mmol/L (130 mg/dL). Within this group, the patients with elevated levels of apo B, Lp(a), or both are considered candidates for drug therapy. However, in the authors' algorithm, the patients with normal levels of apo B and Lp(a) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ...Reference1. Rader DJ, Hoeg JM, Brewer HB Jr. Quantitation of plasma apolipoproteins in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:1012-25. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Federico R. Justiniani, MDAffiliations: Mt. Sinai Medical Center; Miami Beach, FL 33140 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 1 Page: 69-70 Keywords Algorithms Apolipoproteins Blood plasma Cholesterol Drug therapy High density lipoprotein Laboratory tests Low density lipoprotein Stable coronary artery disease ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sex in the Age of AIDS Calls for Common Sense and 'Condom Sense'
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ANY MAYPOLE erected today ought to be covered with a condom. That's the conclusion one might well reach after talking with physicians and others concerned with the expression of sexuality in 1987. Sheathing the ancient fertility symbol would negate its raison d'être, but it would surely focus attention on the horrific truth that the male member now may convey the seeds of death as well as of life. Getting people to recognize this fact and take the necessary steps to protect themselves and/or their partners from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)— foremost among them acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—during coitus was the aim of a recent conference in Atlanta. The meeting was the first of its kind to be held in this country, according to its sponsors, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), American Social Health Association, and Family Health International. Participants in the conference, titled "Condoms in the Prevention of Sexually
NATURALLY OCCURRING HUMAN ANTIBODY REACTING WITH BENCE JONES PROTEINS
Authors: Wallace V. Epstein, Dale Gross
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Agglutinating substances having characteristics of naturally occurring macroglobulin antibodies to human Bence Jones proteins have been identified in human sera. By means of hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition techniques, common determinants have been demonstrated on the light (L) polypeptide chains of pooled normal human gamma(2)-globulin and on some Bence Jones proteins of group 1 but not of group 2. Individual human sera serve to delineate subgroups of the two major antigenic groups of the Bence Jones proteins by agglutinating cells coated by one but not another protein of the same antigenic group. The complexity of subgroups, especially of group 2, is established by testing a panel of Bence Jones proteins of the same group for their ability to inhibit hemagglutination. By this means it appeared that different sera recognized different group-specific determinants of cells coated with a single Bence Jones protein. The capacity of the L polypeptide chains and proteolytic fragments of gamma(2)-globulin to inhibit the hemagglutination reaction between Bence Jones protein or L chain-coated cells and human sera was examined. These studies demonstrated that the determinants, toward which agglutinators of human serum are directed, appear to be blocked in intact gamma(2)-globulin and in all fragments in which H chain remains in proximity to L chain. It would appear that the presence of H chains bound to L chains by non-covalent bonds completely obstructs the reactivity of the involved L chain groups. The agglutinating capacity of a serum toward Bence Jones proteins or L chains of gamma(2)-globulin appeared to be independent of its agglutinating capacity for cells coated with intact gamma(2)-globulin. No correlation of the presence in serum of agglutinators for Bence Jones proteins or L chains with health or disease has been established.
Tranylcypromine and Convulsions
Authors: H. H. Pilling
Journal: BMJ (1963)

National Institute of Sciences of India on the history of sciences, including medicine, of ancient India.The following quotations from my paper with S. N. Pandeyal regarding the importance of theoretical and of practical training in medical education in ancient India will, I am sure, be of interest to your readers:1. " The student who obtains his know- ledge only from books is like an ass with a burden of sandalwood, for he knows the weight but not the value thereof."" 2. "He who is versed only in books, but not skilled in practice, gets alarmed and confused, like a coward in the battlefield when confronting active disease."3. "He who is skilled in practice but is audacious and ignorant of the theory cf scU'nce, does not receive approval of thK learned men and receives capital punishment from the king."4 4. " Both these groups of persons (items 2 and 3) are lacking in dexterity and inept in the discharge of their duties, for they know only half the science and are like birds with one wing only."51am.etc.,
Slings and roundabouts
Authors: E. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The BBC series 999 is basically a disaster fest in praise of the emergency services. Four or five stories feature in each episode, and the events leading up to, and following, the disaster in question are recreated by a mix of actors and actual victims, onlookers, and rescuers. But, as in an episode of Batman, the final outcome is never in doubt: the good guys always win.

There is a major paradox there somewhere. On Casualty, the BBC's prime time accident and emergency soap, entirely fictional, there are more failures in the resuscitation room than there are successes. On 999, entirely made up of “true life stories,” to my knowledge no victim has ever been lost. If truth is stranger than fiction, then fiction, at least in this case, is truer than “fact.”

But realistic or not, the start of a fifth series of 999 is testimony to its popularity. The music helps a …
Medical abortion still not available in most countries
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Rates of unsafe and illegal abortion vary throughout the world, with rates of 0-4/1000 women in the US, western Europe, Australia, and China and rates of 25/1000 in the Soviet Union, Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America. Although thousands of women die from unsafe and illegal abortion annually, several countries still have no plans of adopting medical abortion. The introduction of the mifepristone pill in France in 1980 as a safe and effective method of abortion is limited to a minority of countries. Women who used the drug expressed their satisfaction, since 1) it seemed a natural way of having an abortion, 2) anesthesia is avoided, and 3) it is more compatible with their lifestyle. Complaints in using the drug include pain, bleeding, and uncertainty. The drug has a success rate of 98% in clinical trials in the US.
A novel animal model of Epstein-Barr virus–associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in humanized mice
Authors: Kei Sato, Naoko Misawa, Chuanyi Nie, Yorifumi Satou, Dai Iwakiri, Masao Matsuoka, Rei Takahashi, Kiyotaka Kuzushima, Mamoru Ito, Kenzo Takada, Yoshio Koyanagi
Journal: Blood (2011)
Reverse Mode of the Na <sup>+</sup> -Ca <sup>2+</sup> Exchange After Myocardial Stretch
Authors: Néstor G. Pérez, María C. Camilión de Hurtado, Horacio E. Cingolani
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —This study was designed to gain additional insight into the mechanism of the slow force response (SFR) to stretch of cardiac muscle. SFR and changes in intracellular Na + concentration ([Na + ] i ) were assessed in cat papillary muscles stretched from 92% to ≈98% of L max . The SFR was 120±0.6% (n=5) of the rapid initial phase and coincided with an increase in [Na + ] i . The SFR was markedly depressed by Na + -H + exchanger inhibition, AT 1 receptor blockade, nonselective endothelin-receptor blockade and selective ET A -receptor blockade, extracellular Na + removal, and inhibition of the reverse mode of the Na + -Ca 2+ exchange by KB-R7943. KB-R7943 prevented the SFR but not the increase in [Na + ] i . Inhibition of endothelin-converting enzyme activity by phosphoramidon suppressed both the SFR and the increase in [Na + ] i . The SFR and the increase in [Na + ] i after stretch were both present in muscles with their endothelium (vascular and endocardial) made functionally inactive by Triton X-100. In these muscles, phosphoramidon also suppressed the SFR and the increase in [Na + ] i . The data provide evidence that the last step of the autocrine-paracrine mechanism leading to the SFR to stretch is Ca 2+ entry through the reverse mode of Na + -Ca 2+ exchange.
PREVALENCE AND OUTCOMES OF RADIAL AND FEMORAL APPROACHES TO PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION. INSIGHTS FROM THE NATIONAL VETERANS AFFAIRS CLINICAL ASSESSMENT, REPORTING AND TRACKING PROGRAM
Authors: Antonio Gutierrez. Thomas Tsai, Maggie Stanislawski, Mladen Vidovich, Walter Woody, Christopher Bryson, Deepak Bhatt, John Rumsfeld, Sunil Rao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Y-Chromosomal Genes in a Phenotypic Male With a 46XX Karyotype
Authors: Harvey Dosik
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A number of patients with a male phenotype and a female (46XX) karyotype have been described. Although there is little or no evidence for the presence of a Y chromosome in their cells, these individuals resemble patients with Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY). Using a new serological assay for the presence of H-Y antigen, a cell surface component associated with the Y chromosome, we have demonstrated the presence of Y-chromosomal genes in a 46-year-old man with an XX karyotype. In addition, using standard cytological techniques, we have located a minor population of XXY cells as well as cells bearing an abnormal chromosome 17 among the blood leukocytes of this individual. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2505-2508, 1976)
Loud Thoughts of a Lotus-Eater
Authors: THIRUVENGADAM RAMAKRISHNAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Ad Libitum1 May 1980Loud Thoughts of a Lotus-EaterTHIRUVENGADAM RAMAKRISHNAN, M.D.THIRUVENGADAM RAMAKRISHNAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-705 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI am a lotus-eater from India given to loud-thinking. Many things in the Medical New World defy my comprehension.I am reminded by scholarly papers and statistical analyses that as an FMG my pass rate in the ABIM is half that of USMG's, that I am a city slicker who shuns the unpolluted rural air, that I am somehow less of a physician-teacher-investigator than a USMG, that I am less proficient in English than the native, and that a cultural chasm separates me from the society-at-large.Yet I see the membership rolls of professional bodies requiring board certification swollen with... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 705-705 Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cardiac Pacing: An Unusual Complication
Authors: Paul A. Kennedy
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently, in converting a bipolar endocardiac transvenous pacing system to a unipolar epicardial one, we encountered an unusual complication we had not seen previously. After placing a single epicardial lead (Medtronic model 6919), the original left infraclavicular pocket was again used for the generator together with an immediately adjacent subcutaneous pocket for the new indifferent lead. Pacing was established at a low threshold and with good R wave sensing. Six hours later, pacing was lost. On inspection of the wound, an air pocket could be felt over the indifferent lead. This was aspirated and a pressure dressing applied, with immediate recapture of the rhythm. Cardiac pacing has continued without incident since that time. Suction drainage may have obviated this potentially dangerous complication.
High altitude medicine and physiology.
Authors: Fred Macsorley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

“We have tried to strike a balance between being too academic on the one hand and competing with the pocket guides on high altitude emergencies on the other” proclaim Michael Ward, James Milledge, and John West, three internationally respected authors on the subject of high altitude medicine. Their third edition is an attractively covered book, its suprising weight giving suitable notice of the serious reading within. …
Optimal Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes — An Evolving Strategy
Authors: William E. Boden, Raymond G. McKay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The management of acute coronary syndromes has evolved rapidly over the past decade and continues to do so. Three studies on this topic appear in this issue of the Journal. They are the Treat Angina with Aggrastat and Determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 18 (TACTICS–TIMI 18) trial,1 the Abciximab before Direct Angioplasty and Stenting in Myocardial Infarction Regarding Acute and Long-Term Follow-up (ADMIRAL) trial,2 and the Do Tirofiban and ReoPro Give Similar Efficacy Trial (TARGET).3 All three provide new information about the relative merits of pharmacologic therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention, . . .
Thermography of the Breast
Authors: Herman I. Libshitz
Journal: JAMA (1977)

IN THE early 1970s, clinical thermography of the breast appeared to be a technique that would soon be well established. True-positive rates for carcinoma of the breast were in the area of 70% to 85%. The false-positive rates were in the 15% to 40% range.<sup>1</sup>While it was well recognized that thermography was not a method that could afford a specific diagnosis, it was hoped that an abnormal thermogram could be an adequate prescreener, identifying many breast cancers with a noninvasive, quick, inexpensive technique. Mammography could then be used in this substantially smaller percentage of the population, thereby reducing the radiation exposure to the population at large as well as reducing time and expense in screening women for breast cancer. In an attempt to evaluate this idea, an investigative effort into thermography was included in 27 screening centers established throughout the country in the American Cancer Society—National Cancer Institute
Leukocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced oxidase is required for isocyanate-induced lung inflammation
Authors: Si-Yen Liu, Wei-Zhi Wang, Chia-Liang Yen, Ming-Yi Tsai, Pei-Wen Yang, Jiu-Yao Wang, Chun-Yi Ho, Chi-Chang Shieh
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Esophageal duplication cyst presenting as a submucosal tumor: diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration
Authors: T.-Y. Cheng, J.-H. Chen, I.-S. Jan, C.-C. Chen, H.-P. Wang, J.-T. Lin
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 44-year-old woman presented with symptoms of intermittent epigastric pain and chest discomfort which she had suffered for more than 5 years. She had noticed progressive discomfort on swallowing in the past 1 month. The episodic attacks were not related to meals, respiration, or exercise. She underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at her local hospital and this revealed a suspicious-looking region of external compression over the lower esophagus. Chest computed tomography showed a 3.4-cm mediastinal tumor that was adhering to the lower esophagus. She was then referred to our hospital for further evaluation.
Laubry-Soulle Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Eddy D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In Reply.—  I think Dr. Slaughter's letter is thoughtful and constructive. I have believed that a neurologic mechanism must be responsible for the Laubry-Soulle syndrome because of the strictly localized nature of the gas collections (splenic flexure and stomach). Dr. Slaughter's idea is a good one, but I would think a hormonal explanation would be more likely if the gas were more generally distributed through the bowel. It doesn't explain the localization too well.
THE HEREDITY OF COMPLETE RECTAL PROLAPSE
Authors: REUBEN OTTENBERG
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Many explanations have been offered for the occurrence of rectal prolapse; not one is entirely satisfactory. All recent views tend to classify the condition as a true abdominal hernia and to seek the cause in a congenital anatomic defect. So far as we have been able to find, there has been no observation that prolapse was a hereditary defect. In a family which has accidentally come to our attention, the heredity of this condition is unmistakable. The study of this family throws an interesting light on the occurrence of rectal prolapse in other cases, and perhaps indirectly on that of other varieties of hernia. The first member of this family to be seen by us (Joseph in the accompanying chart) came to the outpatient department for an irrelevant complaint, and the prolapse was discovered in the course of physical examination. He stated that he had had it since infancy, and
Growth Hormone Insensitivity Associated with a<i>STAT5b</i>Mutation
Authors: Eric M. Kofoed, Vivian Hwa, Brian Little, Katie A. Woods, Caroline K. Buckway, Junko Tsubaki, Katherine L. Pratt, Liliana Bezrodnik, Hector Jasper, Alejandro Tepper, Juan J. Heinrich, Ron G. Rosenfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

This report documents that the syndrome of growth hormone insensitivity (severe short stature, increased secretion of growth hormone, but low serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I [IGF-I] and IGF–binding protein 3) in a teenage girl was due to a homozygous missense mutation in the gene for STAT5b, an essential component of the actions of growth hormone, as well as many other cytokine-induced functions.
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone as a Plasma Expander
Authors: Herbert A. Ravin, Arnold M. Seligman, Jacob Fine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

POLYVINYL pyrrolidone (P. V. P., Periston or Kollidon), was proposed in 1940 as an effective nontoxic plasma substitute.¶ It is a synthetic, water-soluble, macromolecular polymer, dissolved in buffered physiologic saline solution in a concentration of 3.5 per cent, so as to be nearly isotonic and iso-oncotic with normal plasma (osmotic pressure equivalent to 400 to 450 mm. of water). It was administered to large numbers of soldiers and civilians during the ensuing war years in Germany and since then in other European countries and in the United States. All early reports agreed that it was effective in the treatment of . . .