tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pronounced Insulin Resistance and Inadequate β-cell Secretion Characterize Lean Gestational Diabetes During and After Pregnancy
Authors: Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Rudolf Prager, Werner Waldhäusl, Giovanni Pacini, Karl Thomaseth, Oswald F Wagner, Martin Ulm, Carola Streli, Bernhard Ludvik
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate β-cell secretion and glucose metabolism in lean subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with that in subjects with normal pregnancy and obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity (S1), and hepatic insulin extraction were assessed in pregnant women with GDM before and after delivery and in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in comparison to healthy nonpregnant lean and obese women. Kinetic analysis of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide plasma concentrations during oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests was performed by mathematical modeling. RESULTS S1 was blunted in pregnant women with GDM by 84% and in those with NGT by 66% compared with lean nonpregnant women (P &amp;lt; 0.005 vs. healthy nonpregnant lean control subjects; P &amp;lt; 0.05, GDM vs. pregnant women with NGT), whereas glucose effectiveness was decreased by 33% in both pregnant groups (P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. healthy nonpregnant lean control subjects). Insulin secretion was 30% higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in subjects with GDM than in pregnant women with NGT or in nonpregnant lean women, but decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.005) when compared with obese women with a comparable degree of insulin resistance. Fractional hepatic insulin extraction was similar in both pregnant groups, being lower (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) by 30% versus nonpregnant females. β-cell sensitivity to glucose for insulin release was decreased in subjects with GDM versus pregnant women with NGT as well as nonpregnant women by 40-50% (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Twelve weeks after delivery, GDM returned to normal glucose tolerance, but S1 remained 50% lower than that in lean nonpregnant women, while β-cell sensitivity to glucose did not change (P &amp;lt; 0.01 vs. healthy nonpregnant lean control subjects). CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy is characterized by insulin resistance, diminished hepatic insulin extraction, and glucose effectiveness. Lean subjects with GDM are additionally characterized by having more pronounced insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion, which persist after delivery. Compared with other insulin-resistant prediabetic states like impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), defective insulin secretion seems to be a predominant defect in lean GDM subjects, indicating that it might represent a specific prediabetic condition.
Radiologic aspects of renovascular hypertension. 4. Arteriographic complications
Authors: M. D. Reiss
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In the Cooperative Study of Renovascular Hypertension, 2,719 renal arteriograms were performed. Initial studies were done in 2,374 patients, and 345 studies were done on a follow-up basis. The transfemoral catheter technique was used in 77% of the cases. There was a fatality rate of 0.11% and a nonfatal major complication rate of 1.2%. Most of the major complications involved hemorrhage, thrombosis, and renal injury. These did not appear to be related to the technique utilized.
Transplant patients need to be made aware of skin cancer risk
Authors: V. S Ramrakha-Jones
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To measure work-related burnout in all groups of health service staff during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify factors associated with work-related burnout. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional staff survey. <h3>Setting</h3> All staff grades and types across primary and secondary care in a single National Health Service organisation. <h3>Participants</h3> 257 staff members completed the survey, 251 had a work-related burnout score and 239 records were used in the regression analysis. <h3>Primary and secondary outcome measures</h3> (1) Work-related burnout as measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; (2) factors associated with work-related burnout identified through a multiple linear regression model; and (3) factors associated with work-related burnout identified through thematic analysis of free text responses. <h3>Results</h3> After adjusting for other covariates (including age, sex, job, being able to take breaks and COVID-19 knowledge), we observed meaningful changes in work-related burnout associated with having different COVID-19 roles (p=0.03), differences in the ability to rest and recover during breaks (p&lt;0.01) and having personal protective equipment concerns (p=0.04). Thematic analysis of the free text comments also linked burnout to changes in workload and responsibility and to a lack of control through redeployment and working patterns. Reduction in non-COVID-19 services has resulted in some members of staff feeling underutilised, with feelings of inequality in workload. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our analyses support anecdotal reports of staff struggling with the additional pressures brought on by COVID-19. All three of the factors we found to be associated with work-related burnout are modifiable and hence their effects can be mitigated. When we next find ourselves in extraordinary times the ordinary considerations of rest and protection and monitoring of the impact of new roles will be more important than ever.
Transient Ischemia of the Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia in a 19-Year-Old Man
Authors: BO ZERAHN, INGE-LIS KANSTRUP, GUNNAR SCHWARZ LAUSTEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 19-year-old man with neither trauma nor predisposing factors to nontraumatic osteonecrosis developed increasing pain in both knees. Radiographs of both knees and arthroscopy of the left knee were normal. Bone scintigraphy initially showed reduced activity distal to the epiphyseal line in both femora. Core biopsies from the distal part of the left femur six months after the onset of pain showed partial osteonecrosis with signs of revascularization. The patient was treated with partial weight-bearing and physiotherapy. Recovery followed after 26 months. We suggest that the symptoms were linked with the epiphyseal closure in the distal femur and proximal tibia.
Does suppressing luteinising hormone secretion reduce the miscarriage rate? Results of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: K Clifford, R Rai, H Watson, S Franks, L Regan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To determine whether prepregnancy pituitary suppression of luteinising hormone secretion with a luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue improves the outcome of pregnancy in ovulatory women with a history of recurrent miscarriage, polycystic ovaries, and hypersecretion of luteinising hormone.Randomised controlled trial.Specialist recurrent miscarriage clinic.106 women with a history of three or more consecutive first trimester miscarriages, polycystic ovaries, and hypersecretion of luteinising hormone.Women were randomised before conception to receive pituitary suppression with a luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue followed by low dose ovulation induction and luteal phase progesterone (group 1) or were allowed to ovulate spontaneously and then given luteal phase progesterone alone or luteal phase placebo alone (group 2). No drugs were prescribed in pregnancy.Conception and live birth rates over six cycles.Conception rates in the pituitary suppression and luteal phase support groups were 80% (40/50 women) and 82% (46/56) respectively (NS). Live birth rates were 65% (26/40) and 76% (35/46) respectively (NS). In the luteal phase support group there was no difference in the outcome of pregnancy between women given progesterone and those given placebo pessaries. Live birth rates from an intention to treat analysis were 52% (26/50 pregnancies) in the group given pituitary suppression and 63% (35/56) in the controls (NS).Prepregnancy suppression of high luteinising hormone concentrations in ovulatory women with recurrent miscarriage and hypersecretion of luteinising hormone does not improve the outcome of pregnancy. The outcome of pregnancy without pituitary suppression is excellent.
Effects of Chronic Genistein Treatment in Mammary Gland, Uterus, and Vagina
Authors: Guillermo Rimoldi, Julie Christoffel, Dana Seidlova-Wuttke, Hubertus Jarry, Wolfgang Wuttke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The isoflavone genistein (GEN) is found in soy (Glycine max) and red clover (Trifolium pratense). The estrogenic activity of GEN is known, and it is widely advertised as a phytoestrogen useful in alleviating climacteric complaints and other postmenopausal disorders. Knowledge of effects of long-term administration of GEN in laboratory animals is scarce, and effects in the uterus and mammary gland after long-term administration have not been studied. The uterus and mammary gland are known to be negatively influenced by estrogens used in hormone therapy.We administered two doses of GEN [mean daily uptake 5.4 (low) or 54 mg/kg (high) body weight (bw)] orally over a period of 3 months to ovariectomized (ovx) rats and compared the effects with a treatment with two doses of 17beta-estradiol [E(2); 0.17 (low) or 0.7 mg/kg bw (high)]. Mammary glands, vaginae, and uteri were investigated morphologically and immunohistochemically. We quantified the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the mammary gland.In rats treated with either of the E(2) doses or the high GEN dose, we found increased uterine weight, and histologic analysis showed estrogen-induced features in the uteri. In vaginae, either E(2) dose or GEN high induced hyperplastic epithelium compared with the atrophic controls. In the mammary gland, E(2) (either dose) or GEN increased proliferation and PR expression. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone were decreased by E(2) (both doses) but not by GEN.In summary, E(2) and GEN share many effects in the studied organs, particularly in the vagina, uterus, and mammary gland but not in the hypothalamo/pituitary unit.
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Brief Dynamic and Supportive Therapy with Waiting List Condition in Minor Depressive Disorders
Authors: Giuseppe Maina, Federica Forner, Filippo Bogetto
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Although many evidences suggest the presence of specific therapeutic factors in brief dynamic therapy (BDT), few studies have investigated its efficacy in the treatment of depressive disorders in comparison to other psychotherapies. The aim of this study was to determine whether BDT is more effective than brief supportive psychotherapy (BSP) and waiting list condition in the treatment of minor depressive disorders. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; Thirty patients with primary DSM-IV dysthymic disorder, depressive disorder not otherwise specified or adjustment disorder with depressed mood completed a randomized controlled trial with three treatment groups (BDT, BSP, waiting list condition). A 6-month follow-up was performed for patients treated with both psychotherapeutic approaches. Other psychiatric treatments were not permitted throughout the treatment period and the 6-month follow-up. Symptoms were assessed at baseline, at the end of treatment, and after 6 months of follow-up. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Patients treated with both psychotherapeutic approaches showed a significant improvement after treatment in comparison to non-treated controls, but BDT was more effective at follow-up evaluation. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; BDT is a promising treatment for minor depressive disorders. This study also suggests that BDT is more effective than supportive psychotherapy in improving the long-term outcome of depressive disorders.
The Beverly Hills Diet
Authors: Gabe B. Mirkin
Journal: JAMA (1981)

EVERY year, at least one new diet book captures the fancy of the American public, a large segment of which is overweight and miserable about it. "Fad" diets often zoom to the top of the best-seller lists, despite the fact that they are usually scientifically unsound and potentially dangerous. In most instances, the author is promoted as an authority on weight loss who has discovered a new, revolutionary, and easy solution to obesity. Unfortunately, there are no simple solutions, as legitimate obesity experts know all too well. The only way to lose excess fat is to burn more calories than you take in—often an onerous and protracted process. The diet books keep selling because the public keeps hoping for some miraculous cure. The most recent rage has been<i>The Beverly Hills Diet</i>,<sup>1</sup>which suffers from many of the same ills as previous books of its type. Its author is
Melanoma, Growth Factors, Acanthosis Nigricans, the Sign of Leser-Trélat, and Multiple Acrochordons
Authors: D L Ellis, S P Kafka, J C Chow, L B Nanney, W H Inman, M E McCadden, L E King
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

CARCINOMAS have been associated with such paraneoplastic syndromes as skin-tumor growth, ectopic hormone production, arthropathies, myopathies, neuropathies, multiple thromboses, nephrosis, cachexia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.1 Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes include acanthosis nigricans, the sign of Leser–Trélat (the sudden appearance of, or increase in the number and size of, seborrheic keratoses, in association with an internal malignant disease2), eruptive acrochordons (sudden onset of multiple skin tags), acquired ichthyosis, erythroderma, palmar hyperkeratosis, erythema gyratum repens, necrolytic migratory erythema, and Bazex's syndrome (symmetrical acral erythematous violaceous hyperkeratotic plaques involving the hands, feet, ears, nose, and more rarely, the cheeks, scalp, elbows, and knees, . . .
CLINICAL IMPACT OF RESTENOTIC PATTERNS AFTER FEMOROPOPLITEAL STENTING
Authors: Atushi Tosaka, Yoshimitsu Soga, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Masashi Iwabuchi, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi, Osamu Iida, Takayuki Ishihara, Kenji Suzuki, Keisuke Hirano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Twin Study of Obesity
Authors: Kevin Knight
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Stunkard and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have convincingly demonstrated different concordance rates and correlation coefficients for monozygotic and dizygotic twins for various measures of overweight. However, the conclusion that human obesity is under substantial genetic control is valid only in the context of the range of environmental factors experienced by the study subjects. The data presented do not support general conclusions regarding the relative roles of heredity and environment in producing human obesity. One can easily imagine a situation in which similar heritability factors might be calculated in the face of a substantially different overall obesity prevalence caused by environmental factors. For example, the twins participating in this study probably experienced Western patterns of diet and exercise. It is conceivable that under a different set of diet and exercise patterns the overall prevalence of overweight might have been much lower, even though the heritability factor would have remained the
DIFFERENCE OF PROCEDURE OUTCOMES BETWEEN HIGHER AND LOWER VOLUME OPERATORS IN PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS: SUBANALYSIS FROM JAPANESE MULTICENTER REGISTRY DATA
Authors: Ryoji Koshida, Atsunori Okamura, Toshiya Muramatsu, Tsutomu Fujita, Makoto Muto, Akitsugu Oida, Masahisa Yamane, Yuji Oikawa, Hisayuki Okada, Etsuo Tsuchikane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Commentary: Telepreventive medicine--the autobahn to health
Authors: R. E LaPorte, f. t. G. H. Network
Journal: BMJ (1996)

AIDS, breast cancer, Ebola virus, plague; we read of these epidemics daily. Yet since 1900, for developed and developing countries, there has been a 25 year increase in life expectancy, the most rapid improvement in global health in history. Despite dire predictions, the world is in the best health ever. How has this been accomplished and how can we maintain this remarkable progress in the next millennium? Many think the improved health is due to …
Risk of Reamputation in Diabetic Patients Stratified by Limb and Level of Amputation
Authors: Yuki Izumi, Kathleen Satterfield, Shuko Lee, Lawrence B. Harkless
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

This study examined the risk of reamputation, stratified by original level of amputation, in a population of diabetic patients. We also illustrated reamputation rates by ipsilateral and contralateral limbs.The study population included 277 diabetic patients with a first lower-extremity amputation performed between 1993 and 1997 at University Hospital in San Antonio, Texas. Reamputation episodes for the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs were recorded through 2003. Using a cumulative incidence curve analysis, we compared the reamputation rate by limb. Cumulative rates of reamputation were calculated for each limb at each amputation level at 1, 3, and 5 years.Cumulative rates of reamputation per person were 26.7% at 1 year, 48.3% at 3 years, and 60.7% at 5 years. Ipsilateral reamputation per amputation level at the 1-, 3-, and 5-year points were toe: 22.8, 39.6, and 52.3%; ray: 28.7, 41.2, and 50%; midfoot: 18.8, 33.3, and 42.9%; and major: 4.7, 11.8, and 13.3%. For contralateral reamputation, the rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were toe: 3.5, 18.8, and 29.5%; ray: 9.3, 21.6, and 29.2%; midfoot: 9.4, 18.5, and 33.3%; and major: 11.6, 44.1, and 53.3%.This study showed that a patient is at greatest risk for further same-limb amputation in the 6 months after the initial amputation. Although risk to the contralateral limb rises steadily, it never meets the level of that of the ipsilateral limb. This finding will help clinicians focus preventive efforts and medical resources during individualized at-risk periods for diabetic patients undergoing first-time amputations.
GLENOHUMERAL INTERNAL ROTATION DEFICIT (GIRD) – DOES IT REALLY EXISTS IN HANDBALL PLAYERS?
Authors: M Lubiatowski, M Grygorowicz, P Kaczmarek, P Cisowski, M Dzianach, W Dudzinski, L Romanowski
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background GIRD is a condition resulting in the loss of internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint as compared to the contralateral side. Mechanism of GIRD is caused by repetitive throwing such as a handball throw. Difference between total shoulders range of motion (ROM) more than 25° is considered as GIRD positive sign. Objective To compare glenohumeral rotation motion between dominant and non-dominant shoulder in handball players. Design Cross sectional study. Setting Elite handball division players. Participants The pilot studies included 48 professional handball players of average age 24.0±4.5 years, height 187.1±5.9 cm, weight 91.0±11.6 kg. Interventions All handball players were tested for internal (IR) and external (ER) glenohumeral rotation range of motion. Mean values, minimum, maximum and standard deviation were calculated. Differences between the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) shoulder were determined. T-Test for two independent samples was used to analyze differences between D and ND shoulder. Statistical significance was set at P&lt;.05. Main Outcomes ROM. Results We obtained:for ER_D 60.63°±13.23° and for ED_ND 58.65°±13.98°, respectively; for IR_D: 92.60°±6.92° and for IR_ND 88.96°±6.99°. Total ROM values were 153.23°±17.79° for D and 147.60°±18.76° for ND shoulder. Differences between D and ND shoulders was statistically significant only for IR: 3.65°±4.34°; P=.0118. For ER: 1.98°±4.92° and Total ROM: 5.63°±7.76° there was no significant differences (P&gt;.05). Conclusions However there are some cases with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit there is more evidence that such a deficit does not exists in handball players. To verify this results further study with grater sample size should be conducted in comparison to other professional overhead athletes.
Questions of the Month: Decoded and Amended
Authors: ROBERT I. SLOTT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 February 1971Questions of the Month: Decoded and AmendedROBERT I. SLOTT, M.D.ROBERT I. SLOTT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-2-296_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the November 1970 issue of the ANNALS the Rheumatology Question of the Month (p. 688) presented a 48-year-old man with back pains. Roentgenogram of the spine showed calcification of intervertebral discs. Your answer for further work-up was choice "c." Actually the readers' choices were numbers 1 to 4, thus "c" was a typographical error.Ochronotic spondylosis is characterized by calcification of the intervertebral discs (1), and I believe the best answer should include both #4 and #2. Sodium hydroxide added to the urine of an ochronotic subject oxidizes the homogentisic acid present in these subjects' urine...References References1. O'BRIENLA DUBUNIM WBJ: Biochemical pathologic and clinical aspects of alcaptonuria, ochronosis and ochronotic arthropathy. Review of world literature (1584-1962). Amer J Med 34:813-838, 1963 CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. HINESHOFFBRANDMOLLIN JAD: The hematologic complications following partial gastrectomy. Amer J Med 43: 555-569, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Michael Reese Hospital Chicago, Ill. 60616 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1971Volume 74, Issue 2Page: 296-296KeywordsLower back painRheumatologySodiumSpineUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Vaccination Against Hepatitis C Virus With Dendritic Cells Transduced With an Adenovirus Encoding NS3 Protein
Authors: Aintzane Zabaleta, Diana Llopiz, Laura Arribillaga, Leyre Silva, José Ignacio Riezu-Boj, Juan José Lasarte, Francisco Borrás-Cuesta, Jesús Prieto, Pablo Sarobe
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Chronic infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by the absence of efficient antiviral T-cell responses. Thus, vaccination strategies to induce strong anti-HCV T-cell responses are of paramount importance for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells; therefore, immunization with these cells loaded with viral antigens offers a new approach for induction of antiviral immunity. Here we show that immunization with DCs transfected with an adenovirus encoding non-structural 3 protein, from HCV (AdNS3), induced multiepitopic CD4 T helper cell 1 (Th1) and CD8 T-cell responses in different mouse strains. These responses prevented the growth of a tumorexpressing HCV proteins, in short- and long-term experiments. Moreover, immunization with AdNS3-transfected DCs did not induce anti-adenoviral antibodies, as compared to direct immunization with AdNS3, but elicited T-cell responses even in the presence of pre-existing anti-adenoviral antibodies. Finally, responses induced by this protocol down-regulated the expression of HCV RNA in the liver. In conclusion, DCs transfected with AdNS3 may prove to be an efficient anti-HCV vaccine.