tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Physiological Role of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Regulation of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in the Rat
Authors: Arthur R. C. Harris, Dana Christianson, M. Susan Smith, Shih-Lieh Fang, Lewis E. Braverman, Apostolos G. Vagenakis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The physiological role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the regulation of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) and prolactin (Prl) secretion has been assumed but not proven. Stimulation of their release requires pharmacologic doses of TRH. Lesions of the hypothalamus usually induce an inhibition of TSH secretion and an increase in Prl. To determine whether TRH is essential for TSH and Prl secretion in the rat, 0.1 ml of TRH antiserum (TRH-Ab) or normal rabbit serum was administered to normal, thyroidectomized, cold-exposed, and proestrus rats through indwelling atrial catheter. Serum samples were obtained before and at frequent intervals thereafter. Serum TSH concentrations in normal, thyroidectomized, cold-exposed, and proestrus rats were not depressed in specimens obtained up to 24 h after injection of normal rabbit serum. In contrast, serum TSH was significantly decreased after the administration of TRH-Ab in all normal (basal, 41±8 μU/ml [mean±SE]; 30 min, 6±2; 45 min, 8±3; 75 min, 4±2); thyroidectomized (basal, 642±32 μU/ml; 30 min, 418±32; 60 min, 426±36; 120 min, 516±146); coldstressed (basal, 68±19 μU/ml; 30 min, 4±3; 180 min, 16±8); and proestrus (basal, 11 a.m., 57±10 μU/ml; 1 p.m., 20±3; 3 p.m., 13±4; 5 p.m., 19±3) rats. However, 0.1 ml of TRH-Ab had no effect on basal Prl concentrations in normal or thyroidectomized rats and did not prevent the Prl rise in rats exposed to cold (basal, 68±7 ng/ml; 15 min, 387±121; 30 min, 212±132; 60 min, 154±114), or the Prl surge observed on the afternoon of proestrus (basal 11 a.m., 23±2 ng/ml; 1 p.m., 189±55; 3 p.m., 1,490±260; 5 p.m., 1,570±286). These studies demonstrate that TRH is required for TSH secretion in the normal, cold-exposed and proestrus rat and contributes, at least in part, to TSH secretion in the hypothyroid rat, but is not required for Prl secretion in these states.
Inhibition of the Lytic Action of Cell-bound Terminal Complement Components by Human High Density Lipoproteins and Apoproteins
Authors: Stephen I. Rosenfeld, Charles H. Packman, John P. Leddy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Human serum lipoproteins are known to participate in or modify several immunologically relevant responses, including the inhibition of target cell lysis initiated by fluid-phase C5b-7 (reactive lysis). We now report that human high density lipoproteins (HDL) can inhibit the complement (C) lytic mechanism after C5b-7, C5b-8, and even C5b-9 have been bound to the target membrane. This inhibitory activity of serum or plasma copurifies in hydrophobic chromatography with antigenically detected apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major HDL apoprotein, and with HDL in CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation. Although HDL is more active than its apoproteins in fluid-phase inhibition of C5b-7-initiated reactive lysis, the HDL apoproteins are more effective after C5b-7, C5b-8, or C5b-9 have become bound to human or sheep erythrocytes (E). Highly purified HDL apoproteins, apoA-I and apoA-II, both have greater inhibitory activity than whole HDL on a protein weight basis, and some evidence has been obtained that apoA-I dissociating spontaneously from HDL may be the principal inhibitory moiety in physiological situations. HDL lipids themselves are inactive. The HDL-related inhibitors are ineffective when incubated with EC5b-7 and removed before C8 and C9 are added, and only minimally effective on cell-bound C5b-8 sites before C9 is added. They exert their most prominent inhibitory activity after C9 has been bound to EC5b-8 at low temperature, but before the final temperature-dependent, Zn++-inhibitable membrane damage steps have occurred. Therefore, HDL or its apoproteins do not act to repair already established transmembrane channels, but might interfere either with insertion of C9 into the lipid bilayer or with polymerization of C9 at C5b-8 sites. This heat-stable inhibitory activity can be demonstrated to modify lysis of erythrocytes in whole serum, i.e., it does not depend upon artificial interruption of the complement membrane attack sequence at any of the above-mentioned stages. Contributions of the target membrane itself to the mechanism of inhibition are suggested by the observations that, in contrast to sheep or normal human E, lysis of guinea pig E or human E from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is inhibited poorly.
LONG TERM COFFEE CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS: IKARIA STUDY
Authors: Evangelos Oikonomou, Gerasimos Siasos, Christine Chrysohoou, Dimitris Tousoulis, Marina Zaromitidou, Elias Gialafos, Konstantinos Zisimos, Stamatios Kioufis, Georgios Marinos, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Christos Pitsavos, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Is screening for bacteriuria in pregnancy worth while?
Authors: M Campbell-Brown, I R McFadyen, D V Seal, M L Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A total of 4470 pregnant women were screened for bacteriuria by the dipslide method and significant growth found in 226 (5.1%). In 198 cases the urine was re-examined, in 119 by using suprapubic aspiration or catheterisation (62 (52%) samples contained bacteria) and in 79 by using midstream urine samples (26 (33%) samples contained greater than 10(8) colony forming units/1), showing the maximum prevalence of confirmed bacteriuria to be 2.6%. Overt urinary tract infection developed later in four of 80 patients with proved bacteriuria who had been given antibiotics, in one of eight untreated patients with bacteriuria, in one of 110 patients with unconfirmed bacteriuria, and in one of 226 non-bacteriuric controls. A history of urinary tract infection was given by 18% of controls and 42% of women with confirmed bacteriuria. Screening for bacteriuria and treatment with antibiotics to prevent later overt infection is expensive. Whether it is worth while and cost effective depends largely on the prevalence of bacteriuria in the local population and the proportion who develop overt infection. The screening and treatment programme reported here appeared to prevent only six cases of overt infection.
Induction of Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Modulation of Androgen Receptor by ETS Variant 1/ETS-Related Protein 81
Authors: Sook Shin, Tae-Dong Kim, Fang Jin, Jan M. van Deursen, Scott M. Dehm, Donald J. Tindall, Joseph P. Grande, Jan-Marie Munz, George Vasmatzis, Ralf Janknecht
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

ETS variant 1 (ETV1), also known as ETS-related protein 81, is overexpressed in prostate tumors, but whether and how this transcription factor affects tumorigenesis has remained elusive. Here, we show that ETV1 is primarily overexpressed in the most aggressive human prostate tumors. Transgenic ETV1 mice developed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia as well as hyperplasia/neoplasia in seminal vesicles. Moreover, ETV1 cooperated with the androgen receptor (AR) to bind to the prostate-specific antigen enhancer and stimulate gene transcription. Consistent with its ability to physically interact with AR, ETV1 rendered an ETV1 binding site-driven reporter androgen inducible, and, on the other hand, ETV1 super-induced transcription from an AR binding site on androgen stimulation. In conclusion, our study substantiates that ETV1 overexpression is an underlying cause in the development of prostate and possibly also seminal vesicle cancer. Its interaction with and activation of AR provides a molecular mechanism on how ETV1 exerts its deleterious function. Thus, inhibiting ETV1 or blocking its interaction with AR may represent novel strategies in prostate cancer therapy.
PARAVERTEBRAL ANESTHESIA AND LOCAL ANESTHESIA FOR THE TRIANGLES OF THE NECK
Authors: M. L. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have been requested by Dr. H. Braun of Zwickau to make known to English readers of his work on local anesthesia certain changes in technic that have been evolved in his service. The request comes, no doubt, because I was responsible for the translation into English. In the book, the method for paravertebral anesthesia used for producing anesthesia of the neck has proved to be dangerous and therefore inapplicable. Another method suitable for all operations in the anterior and lateral triangles of the neck has been substituted for it. In an operation on the larynx, an additional injection is made in the thyrohyoid ligament in order to block the superior laryngeal nerve. The following is the technic of local anesthesia in operations in the neck described by Prof. Dr. D. Kulenkampff (<i>Zentralbl. f. Chir.</i><b>48</b>:1262 [No. 35] Sept. 3, 1921). "Härtel and Geiger showed how
Dynamic Aspects of Cholesterol Metabolism in Different Areas of the Aorta and Other Tissues in Man and Their Relationship to Atherosclerosis
Authors: HENRY FIELD, LEON SWELL, P. E. SCHOOLS, C. R. TREADWELL
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Tracer doses of cholesterol-4-C 14 were administered to each of 8 patients with limited life expectancies. Chemical determinations of free and esterified cholesterol and determinations of their C 14 -specific activities were made in serially collected sera, in tissues, and in the different layers of the abdominal aorta, the intimas of which were separated where possible, into normal-appearing intima, thickened intima, and free-lying lipid material. The turnover times of the free and esterified cholesterol fractions of the various tissues and the portions of those fractions derived from the plasma and by synthesis were calculated from these data. The plasma and liver free cholesterol fractions were in equilibrium at the earliest time, 2.5 days. The free cholesterol fractions of other tissues were in equilibrium with the plasma free cholesterol at later dates. The esterified cholesterol fractions of the various tissues, including liver, were in equilibrium with that of the plasma at later dates than were their free fractions. The findings indicate that a large portion of the cholesterol ester of the plasma is not derived from the liver. The greater part of both the free and ester cholesterols of other tissues was derived from the plasma, although a significant portion was derived by synthesis, except for both fractions of skeletal muscle. The adrenal glands were the most active in the synthesis of free cholesterol. The data indicate that a major portion of adrenal cortical hormones is synthesized directly from acetate, without cholesterol as an intermediary product. A major portion of the cholesterol of the intima was derived from plasma through interchange but a considerable amount of cholesterol was synthesized in the intima. The free-lying lipids in the intima appeared to be inert. Data concerning the changes of the lipid contents of the intima with the development of atherosclerosis have been presented. One patient, who died of a second myocardial infarction, differed from the others in having a longer turnover time of the cholesterol of his intima.
Botulism and Botulism-like Illness in Chronic Drug Abusers
Authors: KRISTINE L. MacDONALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

From 1982 to 1983 we received reports of a neurologic illness characterized by a symmetric descending paralysis in six drug abusers from widely separated geographic areas. Botulism was confirmed in two patients; type B botulinal toxin was found and Clostridium botulinum was isolated from a small abscess in one, and type A botulinal toxin was found in the serum of the other. The clinical illness in the remaining four patients, although not laboratory confirmed, was also compatible with botulism. None of the patients had histories suggestive of foodborne botulism, and wound botulism was suspected as the cause of illness. There are several reports of tetanus associated with parenteral drug abuse; wound botulism is another toxin-mediated clostridial infection that may occur as a complication of chronic drug abuse.
TCT-427 Comparison of Acute Stent Recoil Between the Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold and Two different Drug-Eluting Metallic Stents
Authors: Tarcisio Campostrini, Jose d. Costa, Alexandre Abizaid, Andrea Abizaid, Daniel Chamié, Rodolfo Staico, Ricardo A. Costa, Mateus Veloso e Silva, Dimytri A. Siqueira, Fausto Feres, Danillo Taiguara R. Silva, Amanda Sousa, J Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
CORRELATION OF VASA VASORUM AND PLAQUE PROGRESSION AND RESPONSE TO ATORVASTATIN THERAPY AN A RABBIT MODEL OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS: IN VIVO INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASOUND IMAGING STUDY
Authors: JinWei Tian, Sining Hu, Haibo Jia, Jingbo Hou, Shaosong Zhang, Bo Yu, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
PPARγ agonists enhance ET-743–induced adipogenic differentiation in a transgenic mouse model of myxoid round cell liposarcoma
Authors: Elizabeth Charytonowicz, Melissa Terry, Katherine Coakley, Leonid Telis, Fabrizio Remotti, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Robert N. Taub, Igor Matushansky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Myxoid round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS) is a common liposarcoma subtype characterized by a translocation that results in the fusion protein TLS:CHOP as well as by mixed adipocytic histopathology. Both the etiology of MRCLS and the mechanism of action of TLS:CHOP remain poorly understood. It was previously shown that ET-743, an antitumor compound with an unclear mechanism of action, is highly effective in patients with MRCLS. To identify the cellular origin of MRCLS, we engineered a mouse model in which TLS:CHOP was expressed under the control of a mesodermally restricted promoter (Prx1) in a p53-depleted background. This model resembled MRCLS histologically as well as functionally in terms of its specific adipocytic differentiation-based response to ET-743. Specifically, endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressing TLS:CHOP developed into MRCLS in vivo. Gene expression and microRNA analysis of these MSCs showed that they were committed to adipocytic differentiation, but unable to terminally differentiate. We also explored the method of action of ET-743. ET-743 downregulated TLS:CHOP expression, which correlated with CEBPα expression and adipocytic differentiation. Furthermore, PPARγ agonists enhanced the differentiation process initiated by ET-743. Our work highlights how clinical observations can lead to the generation of a mouse model that recapitulates human disease and may be used to develop rational treatment combinations, such as ET-743 plus PPARγ agonists, for the treatment of MRCLS.
Pathology in Gynecology and Obstetrics
Authors: John M. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This is a second edition of a book originally written in French, in 1969, by Dr Gompel and then translated by its now second author, Dr Silverberg. The main body of the volume is the work of the two listed authors, but there are three other chapters on the placenta, genetically determined sexual malformations, and cytogenetics contributed by Drs Paul Wilbur, Robert Shrikes, and Alain Verherst, respectively; they are all colleagues of the main authors. A chapter on the pathology of the breast is added because of the obvious physioanatomic changes and the frequency of discovering breast lesions in the gynecologic clinic. The arrangements of the book are customary, with anatomic and physiological background discussions where pertinent. Each major pathological entity is prefaced by a general statement as to incidence, etiology if known, and methods of clinical diagnosis; gross and microscopic descriptions are followed by sections on treatment and prognostic
Treatment of Anaerobic Pleuropulmonary and Soft-Tissue Infections-Reply
Authors: Ellie J. C. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In Reply.—  We want to thank Drs Covelli and Carpenter for their letter but believe that the significance of their experience in two patients is uncertain because of the scarcity of data.  Unfortunately, we are not given any microbiological data, other than Gram's stains of sputum, on their cases. There are no cultural data with regard to aerobic or anaerobic organisms, either pretreatment or after  failure, and consequently, no antimicrobial susceptibility data. Drs Covelli and Carpenter did not state what dosage of erythromycin was used, whether the patients were compliant in taking the medication, and what, if any, adjunctive therapeutic measures were used. It is well known that proper pulmonary toilet, including postural drainage, is an important component of therapy for lung abscess. Progression to cavitation (case 1) does not necessarily imply treatment failure. As regards duration of therapy, their patients had courses of 14 days (case 1) and
704-1 Relationship Between Regional Myocardial Blood Flow and Regional Wall Motion at Rest and with Stress in Humans with Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Hal A. Skopicki, Stephen A. Abraham, Neil J. Weissman, Alan J. Fischman, Nathaniel M. Alpert, Michael H. Picard, Henry Gewirtz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Moral Problems in the Practice of Medicine
Authors: Willard L. Sperry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

MAY I begin what I have to say to you this afternoon by thanking Dr. Means for his kind invitation to me to share your staff meeting with you. And may I add my thanks to all of you for your co-operation in the Institute of Pastoral Care, which heads up at the Massachusetts General Hospital.The fact that I am here at all and that this institute is centered at your hospital is symptomatic of one of the most significant facts in our life today—the fact that, as in the natural sciences, so in the sciences of man and . . .
The Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome and Renal Biopsy
Authors: JAN HERRMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1988The Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome and Renal BiopsyJAN HERRMAN, M.D.JAN HERRMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-774 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Levey and colleagues (1) have emphasized the need for ongoing reevaluation of the way in which we approach patients who have nephrotic-range proteinuria. However, they have omitted several critical elements from their equations.First, a case of nephrotic syndrome is considered idiopathic only after an exhaustive attempt to identify an underlying cause. Once we have excluded the easily identifiable causes by history, physical examination, and ancillary testing, we decide on the need for renal biopsy. The search for a cause, however, does not stop once the biopsy has been done. The particular histopathologic finding often necessitates additional...References1. LEVEYLAUPAUKERKASSIRER AJSJ. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: puncturing the biopsy myth. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 107:697-713. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BRUEGGMEYERRAMIREZ CG. Membranous nephropathy: a concern for malignancy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1987;9( 1 ) :23. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LOKICH J. Nephrosis of Hodgkin's disease. Arch Intern Med. 1973;132:597. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. RAO T. Associated focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:669. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. RAO T. Natural history of heroin-associated nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 1974;290:18. CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. GUTENSOHNCOLE NP. Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease. Semin Oncol. 1980;7:92-102. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. WESTLING P. Studies of the prognosis in Hodgkin's disease. Acta Radiol [Suppl] (Stockh). 1965;245:5-124. Google Scholar3. DABBSSTRIKERMIGNONSTRIKER DLFG. Glomerular lesions in lymphomas and leukemias. Am J Med. 1986;80:63-70. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. EAGENLEWIS JE. Glomerulopathies of neoplasia. Kidney Int. 1977;11:297-306. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SHARPSTONEOGGCAMERON PCJ. Nephrotic syndrome due to primary renal disease in adults: I. Survey of incidence in south-east England. Br Med J. 1969;533-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. LEVEYLAUPAUKERKASSIRER AJSJ. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: puncturing the biopsy myth. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 107:697-713. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Upland, CA 91786 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1988Volume 108, Issue 5Page: 774-775KeywordsBiopsyProteinuria Issue Published: 1 May 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Side effects of benoxaprofen.
Authors: V M Martin
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Claims about compression treatment for venous disease SIR,-Your journal of 29 May included an advertisement (opposite p vii) for compression hosiery written in the form of an authoritative statement and carrying the following heading: "Relief and reversal of the effects of venous disease by compression therapy.Possible only when pressure levels are within the range 30 to 60 mm Hg?"
Phase I Study of Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor MLN8237 in Advanced Solid Tumors: Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Bioavailability of Two Oral Formulations
Authors: E. Claire Dees, Roger B. Cohen, Margaret von Mehren, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Hua Liu, Karthik Venkatakrishnan, Mark Manfredi, Howard Fingert, Howard A. Burris, Jeffrey R. Infante
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

This phase I study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of the investigational oral drug MLN8237 (alisertib), a small-molecule Aurora A kinase (AAK) inhibitor, in 87 adult patients with advanced solid tumors.Sequential cohorts of patients received MLN8237 5 to 150 mg orally once daily or twice daily for 7, 14, or 21 days, followed by 14 days' rest per cycle. MLN8237 pharmacokinetics was characterized, and the relative bioavailability of an enteric-coated tablet (ECT) formulation was evaluated in reference to the original powder-in-capsule (PIC) formulation. Pharmacodynamic effects of MLN8237 on inhibition of AAK activity were evaluated in skin biopsies. Tolerability and response to treatment were assessed.Common toxicities included fatigue, nausea, and neutropenia. Plasma exposures increased dose proportionally (5-150 mg/d), and were similar for PIC and ECT. The terminal half-life was 23 hours. At the maximum tolerated dose of 50 mg twice daily on the 7-day schedule, the mitotic index of the skin basal epithelium was increased within 24 hours after MLN8237 administration on days 1 and 7, a finding consistent with AAK inhibition. One (1%) patient achieved a partial response lasting for more than 1 year and received MLN8237 for 51 cycles; 20 (23%) patients achieved stable disease for ≥3 months.This first-in-human trial of MLN8237 showed tolerability and favorable pharmacokinetics in this patient population. The recommended phase II dose of MLN8237 is 50 mg twice daily orally for 7 days in 21-day cycles, which is being evaluated further in the treatment of various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.