tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cell Density and Low K on Action Potentials of Cultured Chick Heart Cells
Authors: MELVYN LIEBERMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Hearts from 7-day-old chick embryos were separated by 0.05% trypsin and subsequently cultured in a medium containing low (1.4 mM) and normal (4.4 to 5.6 mM) potassium (K) concentration. A method was developed for controlling environmental conditions (pH, temperature, osmolarity) of 1- to 3-day. old cultured heart cells during intracellular recording with microelectrodes. No apparent differences were noted in the measurement of the several components of the action potential as a function of incubation time. Action potential configurations recorded from cells in dense areas of a culture were noticeably different from those potentials obtained in sparse areas of the same culture; the latter were similar to those of the slowly conducting cardiac junctional tissues. This difference was observed both in the presence of normal and low K. The transmembrane potential recorded from cells in densely populated areas in the normal K medium was characterized by large amplitude and steady, high resting potential whereas that recorded from cells in similar areas in the low K medium had a small amplitude, low resting potential and prominent diastolic depolarization. The tissue cultured in low K also showed a tendency to fibrillate and spontaneously defibrillate.
Evaluation of paradoxical interventricular septal motion after cardiac surgery assessment by strain rate combined with tissue doppler imaging
Authors: Tomohiko Toyoda, Takashi Akasaka, Teruyoshi Kume, Nozomi Watanabe, Shuichiro Kaji, Maki Akiyama, Jyunko Tomita, Hidetoshi Yoshitani, Yoji Neishi, Yuji Koyama, Yasuhiro Saito, Ryoji Suetsuna, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Winter mortality in elderly people in Britain: Lack of social gradient in winter excess mortality is obvious in Denmark
Authors: Roland Rau
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Despite smaller fluctuations in seasonal mortality in general,1 2 we obtained similar results for our analysis of excess winter mortality in Denmark to those that Wilkinson et al found for Britain3: an increase of seasonality with age, higher excess winter mortality for women—especially for respiratory diseases—and a lack of a social gradient related to mortality in …
Identification of a novel first exon in the human dystrophin gene and of a new promoter located more than 500 kb upstream of the nearest known promoter.
Authors: H Nishio, Y Takeshima, N Narita, H Yanagawa, Y Suzuki, Y Ishikawa, Y Ishikawa, R Minami, H Nakamura, M Matsuo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The dystrophin gene, which is mutated in patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, is the largest known human gene. Five alternative promoters have been characterized until now. Here we show that a novel dystrophin isoform with a different first exon can be produced through transcription initiation at a previously unidentified alternative promoter. The case study presented is that of a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who had a deletion extending from the 5' end of the dystrophin gene to exon 2, including all promoters previously mapped in the 5' part of the gene. Transcripts from lymphoblastoid cells were found to contain sequences corresponding to exon 3, indicating the presence of new promoter upstream of this exon. The nucleotide sequence of amplified cDNA corresponding to the 5' end of the new transcript indicated that the 5' end of exon 3 was extended by 9 codons, only the last (most 3') of which codes for methionine. The genomic nucleotide sequence upstream from the new exon, as determined using inverse polymerase chain reaction, revealed the presence of sequences similar to a TATA box, an octamer motif and an MEF-2 element. The identified promoter/exon did not map to intron 2, as might have been expected, but to a position more than 500 kb upstream of the most 5' of the previously identified promoters, thereby adding 500 kb to the dystrophin gene. The sequence of part of the new promoter region is very similar to that of certain medium reiteration frequency repetitive sequences. These findings may help us understand the molecular evolution of the dystrophin gene.
Transient Antibody Deficiency and Abnormal T Suppressor Cells Induced by Phenytoin
Authors: Hans-Michael Dosch, Jeannine Jason, Erwin W. Gelfand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

THE lack of normal B-cell differentiation in patients with acquired or congenital antibody deficiency may reflect abnormalities inherent in cells of B-lymphoid lineage or may involve abnormalities of regulatory (suppressor) cells.1 , 2 Circulating suppressor T cells, which interfere with IgM secretion in a plaque-forming-cell assay, have been found in 60 per cent of these patients, but their role in the pathogenesis of the disease is unclear.3 , 4 We observed the development of abnormal suppressor T cells and hypogammaglobulinemia in a patient receiving phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin). After the drug was withdrawn, the suppressor activity disappeared and immunoglobulin production resumed. This transient, drug-dependent expression of . . .
TAG, a splice variant of the adaptor TRAM, negatively regulates the adaptor MyD88–independent TLR4 pathway
Authors: Eva M Palsson-McDermott, Sarah L Doyle, Anne F McGettrick, Matthew Hardy, Harald Husebye, Kathy Banahan, Mei Gong, Douglas Golenbock, Terje Espevik, Luke A J O'Neill
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Accessory Splenic Tissue Producing Indentation of the Gastric Fundus Resembling Gastric Neoplasm
Authors: T. K. Das Gupta, R. C. Busch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE stomach being a hollow organ centrally placed in the upper abdomen, it is quite conceivable that it can have indentations from an enlarged spleen at the fundus. Roentgenologists have observed this fact, and usually it is not too difficult to separate a true intrinsic deformity of the stomach from extrinsic pressure or indentation. Occasionally, a normal spleen produces a smooth indentation of the lateral margin of the stomach in the region of the cardia.1 There is a theoretical possibility that splenosis or accessory splenic tissue can also produce such an indentation. The presence of accessory splenic tissue in the . . .
Performance of the right ventricle under stress: relation to right coronary flow
Authors: Harold Brooks, Edward S. Kirk, Pantel S. Vokonas, Charles W. Urschel, Edmund H. Sonnenblick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Right ventricular performance was studied relative to right coronary artery flow in the chloralose-anesthetized, open chest dog. The right coronary artery was cannulated for measurement and control of flow and pressure. Under control conditions, right coronary artery occlusion caused no change in cardiac output, or right and left ventricular pressures, although right ventricular contractile force fell markedly. With right coronary artery flow intact, incremental pulmonary artery obstruction caused a corresponding decline in cardiac output and elevation of right ventricular end-diastolic pressure with eventual total right ventricular failure and systemic shock. With right coronary artery occlusion, identical degrees of pulmonary artery obstruction resulted in more pronounced changes in cardiac output and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure with right ventricular failure occurring at a much lower level of right ventricular stress.However, with right coronary artery flow intact, the right ventricular decompensation induced by pulmonary artery obstruction, could be reversed by raising right coronary artery perfusion to levels above normal, thus increasing right ventricular performance and restoring cardiac output. We conclude that right ventricular failure and resultant systemic hypotension due to severe pulmonary artery obstruction can be reversed simply by right coronary artery hyperperfusion, and that, although a normally contractile right ventricular free wall is not essential to maintain cardiac performance at rest, during right ventricular systolic stress, over-all cardiac performance becomes increasingly dependent on the right ventricle. The data further imply that increased myocardial impingement on right coronary artery flow during systole in right ventricular hypertension may be an important factor leading to right ventricular failure.
Familial Mongolism Due to 21/22 Chromosome Translocation
Authors: John F. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

TRANSLOCATION of chromosome 21 to another chromosome, usually a D- or G-group chromosome, is a well-recognized cause for familial mongolism.<sup>1</sup>The greatly increased risk for the occurrence of mongolism among the offspring of female carriers in comparison to male carriers is also well documented where the translocation is a 21/D translocation.<sup>2</sup>Very few instances of the carrier state for G/G translocations have been noted in which the translocation could be determined by pedigree analysis to be 21/22 rather than 21/21.<sup>3-5</sup> The purpose of this paper is to augment the data thus far reported by presenting a family with 21/22 translocations identifiable in three generations. Compilation of data from such families indicates a difference in the risk for mongolism among the progeny of male and female carriers. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Chromosome analyses were performed by a micro method with three drops of whole "fingerstick" blood cultured in tissue
Activation of Transgene-specific T Cells Following Lentivirus-mediated Gene Delivery to Mouse Lung
Authors: Maria P Limberis, Christie L Bell, Jack Heath, James M Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Integrating lentiviral vectors based on the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) can transduce quiescent cells, which in lung account for almost 95% of the epithelial cell population. Pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with the envelope glycoprotein from the Ebola Zaire virus, the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), the Mokola virus, and the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) resulted in transduction of mouse alveolar epithelium, but gene expression in the lung of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice waned within 90 days of vector injection. Intratracheal delivery of the four pseudotyped lentiviral vectors resulted in transgene-specific T-cell activation in both mouse strains, albeit lower than that achieved by intramuscular injection of the vectors. We performed an adoptive transfer of luciferase-specific T cells, isolated from spleen or lung of donor mice injected with VSV-G-pseudotyped lentivirus vector expressing luciferase into the muscle or lung, respectively, into recipient recombination-activating gene (RAG)–deficient mice transduced in lung with adenovirus expressing firefly luciferase (ffluc2). Gene expression declined within 7 days of adoptive transfer approaching background levels by day 36. Taken together, our results suggest that the loss of transduced cells in lung is due to VSV-G.HIV vector–mediated activation of transgene-specific T cells rather than as result of normal turnover of airway cells. Integrating lentiviral vectors based on the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) can transduce quiescent cells, which in lung account for almost 95% of the epithelial cell population. Pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with the envelope glycoprotein from the Ebola Zaire virus, the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), the Mokola virus, and the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) resulted in transduction of mouse alveolar epithelium, but gene expression in the lung of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice waned within 90 days of vector injection. Intratracheal delivery of the four pseudotyped lentiviral vectors resulted in transgene-specific T-cell activation in both mouse strains, albeit lower than that achieved by intramuscular injection of the vectors. We performed an adoptive transfer of luciferase-specific T cells, isolated from spleen or lung of donor mice injected with VSV-G-pseudotyped lentivirus vector expressing luciferase into the muscle or lung, respectively, into recipient recombination-activating gene (RAG)–deficient mice transduced in lung with adenovirus expressing firefly luciferase (ffluc2). Gene expression declined within 7 days of adoptive transfer approaching background levels by day 36. Taken together, our results suggest that the loss of transduced cells in lung is due to VSV-G.HIV vector–mediated activation of transgene-specific T cells rather than as result of normal turnover of airway cells.
Raw Diet and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: GARFIELD C. PICKELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 May 1975Raw Diet and Diabetes MellitusGARFIELD C. PICKELL, M.D.GARFIELD C. PICKELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-5-723 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Douglass (Ann Intern Med82:61-62, 1975) suggests that the salutary effect of a raw diet on diabetic control may be due to "non-inactivated enzymes that are present in raw items or with the fast transit time that is inherent in a raw diet." It is unlikely that enzymes not absorbed in active form have any notable effect during their brief enteric lives, particularly in view of their being active during a relatively long shelf life, shared with foods that are ultimately cooked. The implication of a rapid transit time seems to be that caloric absorption is...References1. EPSTEIN F: Hyperglycemia. A risk factor in coronary heart disease. Circulation 36:609-619, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HURST J and LOGUE R: The Heart. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1974, pp. 124, 991 Google Scholar3. Companion to Medical Studies, edited by PASSMORE R ROBSON JS . Philadelphia, F. A. Davis Co., 1974, pp. 23, 83-85 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GARFIELD C. PICKELL, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1975Volume 82, Issue 5 Page: 723-724 Keywords Diabetes mellitus Diet Enzymes Food ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
The use of a conical spacer after laryngectomy.
Authors: P A Webber, A R Brown
Journal: BMJ (1984)

established treatment with 3 blockers, although a high incidence of intolerance has been reported with primidone.We have encountered adverse reactions (nausea, vomiting, dizziness) in some patients after a single small dosefor example, 62-5 mg orally.The cause of this acute sensitivity (toxicity) is not clear.There is, however, evidence to indicate that this problem could be circumvented by prior exposure to phenobarbitone or other drugs to induce the liver enzymes involved in the metabolism of primidone.10In our experience tranquillising and sedative drugs can be useful in attenuating essential tremor.Their effectiveness is, however, proportional to the degree ofsedation produced.Alcohol, thouah strikingly effective in some patients, cannot be considered as realistic treatment.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) for assessment of disease severity in ventilator-associated pneumonia and sepsis
Authors: Athina Savva, Maria Raftogiannis, Fotini Baziaka, Christina Routsi, Anastasia Antonopoulou, Pantelis Koutoukas, Thomas Tsaganos, Anastasia Kotanidou, Efterpi Apostolidou, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, George Dimopoulos
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Letter Regarding Article by Leeper et al, “Statin Use in Patients With Extremely Low Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels Is Associated With Improved Survival”
Authors: Shawn D. Anderson, Ana B. Salgado
Journal: Circulation (2008)

In the August 7, 2007, issue of Circulation, Leeper and colleagues 1 report that statin therapy is associated with 35% improved survival in patients with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values Ͻ60 mg/dL.The authors suggest that benefits are derived from the pleiotropic effects of statins, such as a reduction in inflammation, restoration of endothelial function, and plaque stabilization.We believe that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) effects may account for some of the benefit shown in statin-treated patients.It is well known that HDL-C is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease.A meta-analysis of prospective studies suggests that a 1% decrease in HDL-C increases coronary heart disease risk by 2% to 3%. 2 Results from the Statin Therapies for Elevated Lipid Levels compared Across doses to Rosuvastatin (STELLAR) trial comparing the lipid-modifying efficacy of statins showed that HDL-C levels increased with rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin at all doses studied. 3On the basis of these findings, any statin use may have increased HDL-C by 2% to 10%.The Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study compared lovastatin 20 mg to 40 mg/d versus placebo and showed an HDL-C increase of 6% and LDL-C decrease by 25%.A significant reduction in coronary events in the lovastatin group was most marked in patients with lower baseline HDL-C (Ͻ40 mg/dL). 4n addition, post hoc analysis from 4 prospective randomized trials by Nicholls and colleagues found that statin therapy is associated with regression of coronary atherosclerosis when LDL-C is reduced below 87.5 mg/dL and HDL-C increased by Ͼ7.5% when compared with smaller changes in HDL. 5 In the study by Leeper et al, 1 it would be interesting to know if HDL increases accounted for improved survival specifically in patients with very low LDL-C.
Airway reactivity changes in asthmatic patients undergoing blinded food challenges.
Authors: J M James, P A Eigenmann, P A Eggleston, H A Sampson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To investigate the possible pathogenic role of food allergy in asthma, airway hyperresponsiveness was measured by methacholine inhalation challenges (MIC) performed before and after double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) in 26 food-allergic, asthmatic patients. Airway hyperresponsiveness was classified as severe in two cases (PD20FEV1 < 2 breath units, BU), moderate in 18 (PD20FEV1: 2-20 BU), and mild in six (PD20FEV1 > 20 BU). Medications included albuterol (81%), inhaled steroids (38%), cromolyn (35%), and theophylline (23%). MICs were performed in the afternoon after DBPCFC. Of the 22 positive DBPCFC, 12 involved chest symptoms (cough, wheezing, or both). Another 10 positive DBPCFCs included laryngeal, gastrointestinal, and/or skin symptoms without any chest symptoms. Significant increases in airway hyperresponsiveness were evident in seven of 12 patients experiencing chest symptoms during DBPCFC. Significant increases in airway hyperresponsiveness were observed in one patient without chest symptoms during a positive DBPCFC and one patient after a negative DBPCFC. However, this last patient had a negative MIC with the same antigen 1 yr later. These studies indicate that food-induced allergic reactions can increase airway reactivity, and may do so without inducing acute asthma.
Everyday Prescriptions with Hints on Treatment
Authors: Wayne Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Too many diseases are discussed in too small a book for the text to have much value for the graduates of present-day Indian or European medical colleges. The bibliography contains an excellent selection of papers; it would be more useful if the references were placed in juxtaposition to the text on each subject. In spite of the features that limit the usefulness of the book to the scientifically trained practitioner, there is probably a field of usefulness for such a book in India. In that country there are, in addition to the regular physicians, many practitioners belonging to cults. As in this country, many of the practitioners trained in a cult are actually intelligent fellows who become aware of the limitations of the cult, but who feel unable to leave their occupation because of social and economic pressures. Such practitioners are often eager to learn, and often have educational backgrounds
Association Between Compensation Status and Outcome After Surgery
Authors: Ian Harris, Jonathan Mulford, Michael Solomon, James M. van Gelder, Jane Young
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Compensation, whether through workers' compensation or through litigation, has been associated with poor outcome after surgery; however, this association has not been examined by meta-analysis.To investigate the association between compensation status and outcome after surgery.We searched MEDLINE (1966-2003), EMBASE (1980-2003), CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and reference lists of retrieved articles and textbooks, and we contacted experts in the field.The review included any trial of surgical intervention in which compensation status was reported and results were compared according to that status. No restrictions were placed on study design, language, or publication date. Studies were selected by 2 unblinded independent reviewers.Two reviewers independently extracted data on study type, study quality, surgical procedure, outcome, country of origin, length and completeness of follow-up, and compensation type.Two hundred eleven studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of these, 175 stated that the presence of compensation (workers' compensation with or without litigation) was associated with a worse outcome, 35 found no difference or did not describe a difference, and 1 described a benefit associated with compensation. A meta-analysis of 129 studies with available data (n = 20,498 patients) revealed the summary odds ratio for an unsatisfactory outcome in compensated patients to be 3.79 (95% confidence interval, 3.28-4.37 by random-effects model). Grouping studies by country, procedure, length of follow-up, completeness of follow-up, study type, and type of compensation showed the association to be consistent for all subgroups.Compensation status is associated with poor outcome after surgery. This effect is significant, clinically important, and consistent. Because data were obtained from observational studies and were not homogeneous, the summary effect should be interpreted with caution. Compensation status should be considered a potential confounder in all studies of surgical intervention. Determination of the mechanism for this association requires further study.
Scintigraphic Finding of Crossed Hemihypertrophy in Association with Wilms?? Tumo
Authors: EDWIN E. YEO, JAMES C. LOW
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

An 8-year-old girl with a history of a right nephrectomy at the age of 20 months to treat Wilms'tumor was examined because of hypertrophy of the right upper extremity and left lower extremity. The skeletal scintigraph shows asymmetrical enlargement of the right scapula, right humerus, left ilium, and left femur. This patient is described because of the association of crossed hemihypertrophy with Wilms'tumor
Need for oral protein energy supplements in CF: fact or myth?
Authors: A Gulati
Journal: Thorax (2006)

▴ Poustie VJ, Russell JE, Watling RM, et al and the CALICO Trial Collaborative Group. Oral protein energy supplements for children with cystic fibrosis: CALICO multicentre randomised control trial. BMJ2006;332:632–5 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Due to a multitude of causes, cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterised by poor nutrition which is an important predictor of decline in lung function. Oral protein energy supplements are used widely to improve energy intake and nutritional status in patients suffering from CF. These supplements are costly and a … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.38737.600880.AE%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16467348%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=332/7542/632&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F61%2F7%2F591.atom