tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of alcohol and smoking on blood lead in middle-aged British men.
Authors: A G Shaper, S J Pocock, M Walker, C J Wale, B Clayton, H T Delves, L Hinks
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A survey of middle-aged men in 24 British towns showed a strong association between blood lead concentrations, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. The association with alcohol persisted after age, social class, body mass index, cigarette smoking, water lead concentrations, and the town of residence had been taken into account. There was an independent but less pronounced association between cigarette smoking and blood lead concentrations after adjustment for the other factors. The possible mechanisms include a decreased excretion of lead due to alcohol-induced hepatic dysfunction and an increased lead intake from cigarette smoking. These findings have implications for widespread measurement of blood lead concentrations in adults in the community and for all studies attempting to relate blood lead concentrations to environmental exposure.
Oklahoma Rejects Immunoaugmentatione
Authors: William L. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to add some information to an article published in<i>JAMA</i>by Curt et al<sup>1</sup>entitled "Immunoaugmentative Therapy." It was noted in the article that Oklahoma passed a bill in 1982 legalizing the administration of immunoaugmentative therapy. Due to restrictive language in the bill (requiring Dr Burton to submit samples of his therapeutic serum to the State Health Department for evaluation prior to its being administered to any patient), immunoaugmentative therapy was never administered in Oklahoma. Even better, the statute legalizing the use of immunoaugmentative therapy was repealed by the state legislature of Oklahoma in 1985. The clinic constructed for Dr Burton to perform his operation remains vacant and is currently for sale. Thus, although Dr Burton's clinic is once again active in the Bahamas, his attempt to extend his operation to the United States through the state of Oklahoma did not meet with
Foxf1 +/− mice exhibit defective stellate cell activation and abnormal liver regeneration following CCl4 injury
Authors: Vladimir V. Kalinichenko, Dibyendu Bhattacharyya, Yan Zhou, Galina A. Gusarova, Wooram Kim, Brian Shin, Robert H. Costa
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Previous studies have shown that haploinsufficiency of the splanchnic and septum transversum mesoderm Forkhead Box (Fox) f1 transcriptional factor caused defects in lung and gallbladder development and that Foxf1 heterozygous (+/-) mice exhibited defective lung repair in response to injury. In this study, we show that Foxf1 is expressed in hepatic stellate cells in developing and adult liver, suggesting that a subset of stellate cells originates from septum transversum mesenchyme during mouse embryonic development. Because liver regeneration requires a transient differentiation of stellate cells into myofibroblasts, which secrete type I collagen into the extracellular matrix, we examined Foxf1 +/- liver repair following carbon tetrachloride injury, a known model for stellate cell activation. We found that regenerating Foxf1 +/- liver exhibited defective stellate cell activation following CCl(4) liver injury, which was associated with diminished induction of type I collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and Notch-2 protein and resulted in severe hepatic apoptosis despite normal cellular proliferation rates. Furthermore, regenerating Foxf1 +/- livers exhibited decreased levels of interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), delayed induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels, and aberrantly elevated expression of transforming growth factor beta1. In conclusion, Foxf1 +/- mice exhibited abnormal liver repair, diminished activation of hepatic stellate cells, and increased pericentral hepatic apoptosis following CCl(4) injury.
Health Status of Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Cindy L. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progesterone, Pulmonary Hyperventilation, and Cirrhosis
Authors: S. WHITMORE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 August 1972Progesterone, Pulmonary Hyperventilation, and CirrhosisS. WHITMORE, B.A., H. CHIODI, PH.D., M.D.S. WHITMORE, B.A.Search for more papers by this author, H. CHIODI, PH.D., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-2-326_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: It has been assumed that the pulmonary hyperventilation in many cirrhotic patients could be caused by an abnormal increase in the level of blood progesterone (1) but we could not find any measurements of plasma progesterone in cirrhotic patients in the literature. We have measured plasma levels in alcoholic cirrhotic patients with and without pulmonary hyperventilation to determine whether there are any correlations between plasma hormone levels and the degree of pulmonary hyperventilation*.The subjects were 7 normal men and 25 male patients with laboratory and clinical diagnosis of alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis. None had clinical signs of...References1. SCHWABDAMMASCHKE MH: Atmung, Saure-Basen-Gleichgewicht und Ammoniak/Ammonium in Blut und Liquor cerebrospinalis bei Lebercirrhose. Klin Wochenschr 40:184-199, 1962 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. REEVESDE SOUZATHOMPSON BMI: An improved method for the assay of progesterone by competitive protein binding. Acta Endocrinol 63:225-241, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. YOSHIMILIPSETT TM: The measurement of plasma progesterone. Steroids 11:527-540, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MARTINCOOKEBLACK BBW: Evaluation of a rapid method for the measurement of plasma progesterone by competitive protein binding. J Endocrinol 46:369-377, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ABELMANNKRAMERVERSTRAETEN WGJ: Cirrhosis of the liver and decreased arterial oxygen saturation. Arch Intern Med 108:34-40, 1961 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: S. WHITMORE, B.A.; H. CHIODI, PH.D., M.D.Affiliations: Department of Ergonomics and Physical Education University of California Santa Barbara, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1972Volume 77, Issue 2Page: 326-327KeywordsAlcoholicsBlood plasmaCirrhosisClinical laboratoriesHormonesProgesteroneResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Salt and blood pressure revisited
Authors: D. S Thelle
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The relation between salt intake and blood pressure is no news to the food industry, nor to the expert committees in the United States, Norway, and elsewhere recommending reductions in daily intake of salt to about 100 mmol sodium or less.1 2 However, with three quarters of the presently consumed salt well hidden in processed food, there is little that people can do to influence their intake. Thus, any attempts to influence the amount of salt in food must be directed at the food industry.

Hard data are now accumulating to give substance to the debate, most notably the Intersalt study, the first report of which was published in the BMJ in 1988.3 This cross sectional study of 10 074 men and women with a broad age span was designed to describe the association between urinary excretion of sodium chloride (as a measure of salt intake) and blood pressure. After adjustments for body mass index, alcohol intake, sex, …
Counseling and Antibody Testing to Prevent HIV Infection
Authors: Kathleen Nolan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Seeking informed consent in the medical setting has two possible outcomes: acceptance or refusal. To determine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—antibody prevalence in patients declining HIV-antibody testing in a sexually transmitted disease clinic, Hull et al<sup>1</sup>were prepared to honor a patient's acceptance of testing, but not his or her refusal. A basic principle of medical ethics affirms that a competent person has the right to refuse medical interventions of any kind, even when others perceive them to be in the person's best interests. The clinic patients in this study were offered HIV-antibody testing; indeed, it was "recommended." Most (82%) accepted testing; 255 persons refused. The refusers' blood was then located and tested against their expressed wishes. Were these patients harmed? Not in a physical way, to be sure, since their blood had already been drawn. Perhaps not even in a social or economic way, since the
Hippocampal AMPA Receptor Gating Controlled by Both TARP and Cornichon Proteins
Authors: Akihiko S. Kato, Martin B. Gill, Michelle T. Ho, Hong Yu, Yuan Tu, Edward R. Siuda, He Wang, Yue-Wei Qian, Eric S. Nisenbaum, Susumu Tomita, David S. Bredt
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Palliative Care for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Nathan E. Goldstein, Eric Genden, R. Sean Morrison
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Head and neck cancers constitute a diverse group of diseases including malignancies of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, sinuses, and skull base. Treatment of these cancers includes a combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. Due to both the patterns of disease recurrence and the adverse effects of treatments, patients with head and neck cancer often have a complex and prolonged course of illness that is marked by periods of freedom from disease and symptoms interspersed with bouts of serious illness, debility, and numerous physical and psychological symptoms including pain, dysphagia, weight loss, disfigurement, depression, and xerostomia. Thus, management of this disease is best provided by an interdisciplinary team that includes individuals from the disciplines of otolaryngology, palliative care, radiation oncology, oncology, nutrition, speech, and physical and occupational therapy. Using the case of Mr K, we describe the symptoms encountered by patients with head and neck cancer and suggest options for management. We discuss the psychological aspects that affect these patients, including issues such as changes in body image, quality of life, anxiety, and guilt. Finally, we discuss the importance of the interdisciplinary team in the care of these patients and outline the roles of each team member. By providing comprehensive care to patients with malignancies of the head and neck, clinicians can increase the likelihood that patients and their families will be able to obtain the best possible outcomes and quality of life.
PROSTACYCLIN TO PREVENT PLATELET ACTIVATION DURING CHARCOAL HÆMOPERFUSION IN FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE
Authors: A.E.S. Gimson, R.D. Hughes, P.J. Mellon, H.F. Woods, P.G. Langley, J. Canalese, Roger Williams, M.J. Weston
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
Absence of risk associated with exposure to radiation before conception in Japan.
Authors: M P Little, M W Charles
Journal: BMJ (1991)

hours in the age group 65-75 years,t not the three to four days quoted by Mr O'Reilly.Our second point concerns the action of opiates.Though epidural opiates may give rise to urinary retention, this may be a problem peculiar to this route of administration.Mr O'Reilly and Dr Wight and colleagues seem to confuse the effects of epidural opiates with those of opiates given by either intravenous or intramuscular routes-not noted for their ability to produce urinary retention.To extend this confusion further, as Dr Wight and colleagues have done, by'suggesting that naloxone should be used empirically to treat postoperative retention is to go far beyond any evidence.Further- more, they seem to ignore the fact that patients are given opiates postoperatively specifically to obtund the feeling of pain and reduce the concomitant adverse physiological sequelae.Giving naloxone as suggested would surely reverse the well established benefits of postoperative analgesia.Overall, though agreeing that unnecessary urethral catheterisation should be avoided if possible, we suggest that anaesthetic agents should riot be implicated in the aetiology of urinary retention in the absence ofany objective supporting evidence.
Infantile natural immunization to herpes group viruses is unrelated to the development of asthma and atopic phenotypes in childhood
Authors: Nora Laske, Hans-Dieter Volk, Christa Liebenthal, Christoph Gr über, Susanne Lau, Christine Sommerfeld, Renate Nickel, Ulrich Wahn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Pyridoxine-Responsive Anemia
Authors: Sylvia S. Bottomley
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Two patients presented themselves with a hypochromic, microcytic anemia which was responsive to pyridoxine hydrochloride. One also had hemochromatosis and impaired iron utilization. A complete hematological response occurred on 2 occasions in the second patient. Hypochromasia and microcytosis persisted after hemoglobin values had returned to or near normal. A tryptophan-loading test in one case showed that the abnormal levels of hydroxykynurenine were corrected by pyridoxine therapy. The literature on pyridoxine-responsive anemia is reviewed, and it is suggested that a phosphorylating enzyme of pyridoxine may be implicated in this disease.
Ambulatory Care Among Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Robert J. Fortuna
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Young adults are the most likely age group to be uninsured and have the highest prevalence of substance abuse, motor vehicle accidents, and sexually transmitted diseases, yet little is known about their use of ambulatory care. Objective: To characterize ambulatory care of young adults. Design: Cross-sectional data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Setting: Community and hospital-based clinics. Patients: Nonpregnant young adults age 20 to 29 years. Measurements: Ambulatory care utilization, types of visits, and preventive care. Results: Insured young adults had more visits (2.16 [95% CI, 2.14 to 2.19] annual visits per capita) than those without insurance (0.59 [CI, 0.54 to 0.67] annual visits per capita). Young men utilized ambulatory medical care less than adolescents age 15 to 19 years or older adults age 30 to 39 years (1.10, 1.65, and 1.73 annual visits per capita, respectively) and had lower rates of utilization than young women (1.10 vs. 2.31 annual visits per capita). Young black and Hispanic men had considerably fewer annual visits per capita (0.75 and 0.65, respectively) than did young white men (1.21). Young men had nearly one half the preventive care visits compared with male adolescents or older men (0.11, 0.24, and 0.19 annual visits per capita, respectively) and less than one quarter the visits compared with young women (0.11 vs. 0.48 annual visits per capita). Only 30.6% of visits by young adults included any preventive counseling, and few encounters included counseling directed toward injury prevention (2.4%), mental health (4.1%), or sexually transmitted diseases (2.7%). Limitation: School-based clinics were not included, and counseling may be underreported. Conclusion: Young adults use less ambulatory medical care relative to other groups and infrequently receive preventive care directed at the greatest threats to their health. Efforts to ensure appropriate preventive care are needed. Primary Funding Source: None.
Infrared endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer
Authors: R. Ishihara
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Infrared endoscopy combined with indocyanine green injection allows visualization of the vessels in the gastrointestinal tract. The depth of gastric cancer invasion has been diagnosed through evaluation of the submucosal vessels using this method. Small-scale retrospective studies have reported an accuracy for infrared endoscopy of > 80 % for the diagnosis of the depth of cancer invasion, regardless of ulcerative changes. This endoscopic technique should thus be considered as an additional diagnostic modality for determining the depth of gastric cancer, particularly in cases with ulcerative changes. However, the risk of a toxic reaction to indocyanine green must be addressed before the widespread use of infrared endoscopy can be implemented. Infrared fluorescence endoscopy utilizes the fluorescence of indocyanine green, and has been used not only for diagnosing the depth of gastric cancer invasion, but also for detecting neoplasia. Labeling and visualization of cancer in a resected specimen were possible following pre-treatment with anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody labeled with an indocyanine green derivative. A critical requirement for the detection of cancer using infrared fluorescence endoscopy is the identification of a safe labeling substance that attaches to the cancer with high affinity. It was possible to detect sites of bleeding during endoscopic resection of gastric cancers by submucosal injection or flushing of the bleeding site with indocyanine green solution. The dose of indocyanine green required by these methods is relatively low, and they can therefore be used to improve the safety of endoscopic resection with no increased risk of toxicity.
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Pregnancy
Authors: Douglas B. Cines, Betsy Dusak, Ann Tomaski, Michael Mennuti, Alan D. Schreiber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Neonatal thrombocytopenia is a potentially life-threatening complication of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We followed 23 pregnant women who had either a history of ITP (11 women) or clinically active disease (12 women) to delineate the factors responsible for neonatal thrombocytopenia. No relation was observed between maternal and neonatal platelet counts (P greater than 0.5). Eleven women delivered thrombocytopenic children; antiplatelet antibodies were detectable in each mother, including five who were in clinical remission at delivery. The level of platelet-associated IgG in the mothers did not identify the neonates at risk for thrombocytopenia (P greater than 0.05). However, the level of maternal circulating antiplatelet antibody correlated with both the presence and the extent of neonatal thrombocytopenia (P less than 0.005). A discrepancy between maternal platelet count and maternal antibody level may be especially notable in mothers treated with steroids or splenectomy. Monitoring the level of circulating antiplatelet antibody may help in identifying and managing pregnant women with ITP at risk of delivering neonates with serious thrombocytopenia.
Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Edward B. Silberstein
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In your editorial "Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure," (<b>214</b>:1880, 1970), you have chosen to quote Boddy et al who find decreased intestinal absorption of radioactive iron in patients with chronic renal failure, implying that this may be one of several important mechanisms in the etiology of this anemia. However, in the same journal as the Boddy et al report (<i>Clin Sci</i><b>38</b>:191-196, 1970), in an article entitled "Iron Absorption in Chronic Renal Disease," Eschbach et al state: "The presence of renal disease and the degree of azotemia likewise did not appear to affect absorption." I think that this study should also have been mentioned in your editorial to indicate that Boddy's work is not universally accepted.
Hyperchloremic Acidosis in Early Diagnosis of Renal Allograft Rejection
Authors: BASAB MOOKERJEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Hyperchloremic renal tubular acidosis has been observed to occur in a surprisingly high percentage of episodes of rejection in patients who have had cadaver renal allografts. Impairment of hydrogen ion excretion is the commonest defect, although multiple defects in tubular function have also been encountered. In those rejection episodes that were not associated with the development of hyperchloremia, the pattern of acid excretion resembled that associated with simple loss of functioning nephrons. In over half of the cases hyperchloremia became evident before rejection became definable by conventional criteria (sometimes even 1 to 2 weeks before). Elevation in serum chloride in patients who have had cadaver renal allografts is a valuable and reliable early sign of rejection. Furthermore, it may indicate smouldering rejection activity even when serum creatinine has come back to prerejection levels during reversal of the episode. Reestablishment of normochloremia may be a good prognostic guide to the efficacy of treatment of a rejection episode, provided allowance is made for the effect of exogenous sodium bicarbonate, which may also have been deemed necessary.
Press: A scapegoat for Sarah Payne?
Authors: R. Persaud
Journal: BMJ (2002)

How the media hounded a psychiatrist

It is every doctor's worse nightmare—finding yourself on the front pages of national newspapers universally condemned for a blunder that led to the death of an 8 year old girl. Such was the recent fate of consultant psychiatrist Anthony Farrington.

Among coverage of the conviction of Roy Whiting for the murder of Sarah Payne was a headline on the front page of the Daily Mail of 13 December that howled “Psychiatrist who said killer was not a paedophile.” Inside was a half page photograph of Farrington alongside the banner “Psychiatrist who told a judge that Whiting was no paedophile.” On 15 December Daily Mail columnist Simon Heffer declared that the doctor ought to have the death of Sarah Payne on his conscience.

The media storm that broke over Farrington's head hinged on the press reports that …