tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Visual problems in the elderly population.
Authors: A. K. McCallum, C. Foy
Journal: BMJ (1992)

however, is open to error.A considerable educational effort would be required to alter established prescribing habits.To complicate matters further, the title of the products on the datasheet does not reflect the name printed on our stock of the reformulated product.Omnopon Paediatric is actually packaged and labelled as Omnopon 10 with no reference to paediatric on the box.We believe that the risk of the wrong strength of Omnopon being prescribed and administered is great and does not warrant its continued use.
THE DUST HAZARD IN CERTAIN INDUSTRIES
Authors: T. GRIER MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

No health hazard in industry has attracted so much attention, and rightly so, as dust, and yet few exact studies on its nature and quantitative features have appeared. It is not enough to know only that dust has an influence on health, or even what the resultant pathologic conditions are; it must also be shown how these effects are brought about. In order to approach this problem intelligently, it is of prime importance to appreciate certain things about dust itself, and in this communication are presented briefly the results of investigations on the dusts of various industries. These show the number of particles per unit volume of air and their approximate size, the weight and relative mineral content, the influence of relative atmospheric humidity and of exhaust ventilation on these factors, and the amount that reaches the lungs of those exposed. The dust samples have been collected directly from the
A qualitative analysis of pulmonary hypertension: a role for accelerative forces
Authors: W. H. HERBERT, E. YELLIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

The systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures of patients with elevated left atrial pressures (ELAP) were compared to those of patients before and after balloon occlusion of one pulmonary artery. Balloon occlusion was observed to effect primarily a systolic pressure increase both at rest and during exercise. The most striking pressure rise in the ELAP group was of the diastolic levels. An hydraulic analogy supports the concept that, if stroke volume is maintained, in addition to a change in resistance produced by balloon occlusion the post-occlusive acceleration requirements are significantly elevated and probably account for much of the systolic pressure rise.
Alkaloid profiling of the traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma corydalis using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Mingqian Sun, Jianxun Liu, Chengren Lin, Lan Miao, Li Lin
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Since alkaloids are the major active constituents of Rhizoma corydalis (RC), a convenient and accurate analytical method is needed for their identification and characterization. Here we report a method to profile the alkaloids in RC based on liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). A total of 16 alkaloids belonging to four different classes were identified by comparison with authentic standards. The fragmentation pathway of each class of alkaloid was clarified and their differences were elucidated. Furthermore, based on an analysis of fragmentation pathways and alkaloid profiling, a rapid and accurate method for the identification of unknown alkaloids in RC is proposed. The method could also be useful for the quality control of RC.
Successful plasmapheresis in the Miller-Fisher syndrome
Authors: A Gerard
Journal: BMJ (1981)

quick and dirty" look at the annual incidence of this condition in our own region.All HAA discharges from January 1975 to Scptember 1980 with a diagnosis of cirrhosis were included in the analysis.The earliest date of admission since 1975 was used to give the year in which new cases were identified, and the incidence rate was calculated from this.Since the HAA file is complete only up to September 1980 the probable incidence for 1980 has been calculated on the assumption of an even distribution of new cases through the year.Patients admitted to hospitals in this region but resident outside it were excluded; all patients resident in the region at the time of first hospital admission for cirrhosis were included, even if they later moved elsewhere.Validation of HAA diagnosis-for example, by liver biopsy-was not undertaken.Patients resident in the North Western Region but treated elsewhere were not included in this analysis.However, as such patients make up less than 2 00 of all hospital discharges, and as cirrhosis is responsible for only a very small proportion of all discharges, this is unlikely to affect the figures substantially.The average annual incidence of alcoholic cirrhosis in the North Western Region from 1976 to 1980 was 8 9/100 000.It rose from 6 4/100 000 in 1976 to 10 5/100 000 in 1980.The male: female ratio decreased from 3 1 in 1976 to 2 3 in 1980.This is because increasing numbers of women were diagnosed rather than decreasing numbers of men.These results are very similar to those described by Dr Saunders and others.Although our main interest lies in cirrhosis from other causes, particularly primary biliary cirrhosis, we thought that readers might find these figures an interesting confirmation of the large difference between England and Scotland in the incidence of hospital-diagnosed cirrhosis.
Suprapubic aspiration in children Pyuria is a poor predictor of infection
Authors: R P Bendall, A P R Wilson, N B Wright, H Buys, L Pead, R Maskell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Heloise Buys and colleagues have shown that suprapubic aspiration of urine in neonates and young children is a safe procedure and yields good quality specimens.1 Their study confirms the value of bacteriuria as a predictor of urinary tract abnormality in this age group. Analysis of their data also supports our view that pyuria is a poor predictor of urinary tract infection. Thus of 545 specimens examined, 439 were sterile and contained no pus cells and 60 were sterile but contained pus cells; of the 46 that were positive on culture, 24 contained pus cells. The sensitivity of pyuria for detecting bacteriuria is 52% (24/46); the specificity is 88% (439/499). Only 24 of 84 pyuric samples were bacteriuric. The positive predictive value of pyuria for bacteriuria in this study is therefore 29% (24/84), indicating that in this population pyuria is a poor predictor of …
1064-178 A novel oral neutrophil elastase inhibitor, ONO-6818, suppressed early atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice
Authors: Yoshitaka Iso, Hiroshi Suzuki, Teruko Soda, Fumitaka Tsunoda, Takatoshi Sato, Makoto Shoji, Shinji Koba, Eiichi Geshi, Takashi Katagoro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Cost-effectiveness of topical imiquimod and fluorouracil vs. photodynamic therapy for treatment of superficial basal-cell carcinoma
Authors: A.H.M.M. Arits, E. Spoorenberg, K. Mosterd, P. Nelemans, N.W.J. Kelleners-Smeets, B.A.B. Essers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

A recent noninferiority randomized trial showed that in terms of clinical effectiveness imiquimod was superior and topical fluorouracil noninferior to methylaminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) for treatment of superficial basal-cell carcinoma (sBCC). Although it was expected that MAL-PDT would be more costly than either cream, a full cost-effectiveness analysis is necessary to determine the balance between effectiveness and costs.To determine whether imiquimod or topical fluorouracil are cost-effective treatments for sBCC compared with MAL-PDT.An economic evaluation was performed from a healthcare perspective. Data on resource use and costs were collected alongside the randomized clinical trial. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was expressed as the incremental costs per additional patient free of tumour recurrence.At 12 months follow-up, the total mean costs for MAL-PDT were €680, for imiquimod cream €526 and for topical fluorouracil cream €388. Both imiquimod and topical fluorouracil were cost-effective treatments compared with MAL-PDT. Comparing costs and effectiveness of both creams led to a incremental investment of €4451 to achieve an additional patient free of tumour recurrence. The acceptability curve showed that, for a threshold value of €4451, the probability of imiquimod being more cost-effective than topical fluorouracil was 50%.Based on the 12 months follow-up results, imiquimod and topical fluorouracil cream are more cost-effective than MAL-PDT for treatment of sBCC. Hence, substituting MAL-PDT with either imiquimod or topical fluorouracil results in cost savings; these savings will be larger for topical fluorouracil. Long-term follow-up effectiveness data are necessary to confirm the cost-effectiveness of imiquimod vs. topical 5-fluorouracil cream.
Case 42-1979
Authors: Dwight R. Robinson, John C. Long
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 19-year-old woman was admitted to another hospital because of fever.She was well until three weeks earlier, when she experienced the abrupt onset of diffuse pain, fatigue and anorexia. Two weeks before admission the temperature rose to 38.3°C, with headaches that responded to aspirin. A daily rise of the temperature to 40°C followed, accompanied by chills, sweats and a nocturnal cough productive of white sputum. A rash appeared on the left side of the nose and left cheek 10 days before entry and improved in one week; herpetic lesions developed on the lips. During the week . . .
Variations in Arterial Blood Pressure after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: MORDECAI M. POPOVTZER, WULF PINNGGERA, FRED H. KATZ, JACQUES L. CORMAN, JOHN ROBINETTE, BERNARD LANOIS, CHARLES G. HALGRIMSON, THOMAS E. STARZL
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The course of hypertension within the first 2 months after kidney transplantation was correlated with renal function, plasma renin activity (PRA), and the daily maintenance dose of prednisone in 18 homograft recipients. During acute rejection blood pressure (BP) closely correlated with PRA. Patients with normal homograft function showed an increase in BP early after transplantation which in most returned to normal 3-8 weeks later. In the latter group no correlation could be found between the level of BP and PRA, however the BP correlated closely with the dose of prednisone. These observations suggest that during acute rejection the increase in BP may at least partly be mediated by a renal pressor mechanism, whereas with normal renal function the high dose of glucocorticoids may play an important role in the development of hypertension.
Rat embryonic liver cell expansion and differentiation on NH3 plasma-grafted PEEK-WC-PU membranes
Authors: Sanja Pavlica, Antonella Piscioneri, Frank Peinemann, Mario Keller, Javorina Milosevic, Andrea Staeudte, Andreas Heilmann, Michaela Schulz-Siegmund, Stefania Laera, Pietro Favia, Loredana De Bartolo, Augustinus Bader
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Nonoperative Dilatation of Coronary-Artery Stenosis
Authors: Andreas R. Grüntzig, Åke Senning, Walter E. Siegenthaler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

In percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, a catheter system is introduced through a systemic artery under local anesthesia to dilate a stenotic artery by controlled inflation of a distensible balloon. Over the past 18 months, we have used this technic in 50 patients. The technic was successful in 32 patients, reducing the stenosis from a mean of 84 to 34 per cent (P<0.001) and the coronary-pressure gradient from a mean of 58 to 19 mm Hg (P<0.001). Twenty-nine patients showed improvement in cardiac function during follow-up examination. Because of acute deterioration in clinical status, emergency bypass was later necessary in five patients; three showed electrocardiograpic evidence of infarcts. Patients with single-vessel disease appear to be most suitable for the procedure, and a short history of pain indicates the presence of a soft (distensible) atheroma likely to respond to dilatation. We estimate that only about 10 to 15 per cent of candidates for bypass surgery have lesions suitable for this procedure. A prospective randomized trial will be necessary to evaluate its usefulness in comparison with surgical and medical management. (N Engl J Med 301:61–68, 1979)
An alternative set of principles for consideration
Authors: T. A. Yates, C. J. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It is disappointing to see so many reputable organisations join the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) in endorsing such a damaging and ill conceived document.1 2 Unreferenced statements such as “Healthcare and industry professionals are able to manage their relationships with each other without compromising clinical decision making,”2 at odds with a growing body of evidence,3 are unhelpful.

We would …
The Status of Hospital Stewards in the Army.
Authors: George M. Sternberg
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Letter of the Surgeon-General of the Army to a Committee of the American Pharmaceutical Association. War Department, Surgeon General's Office, Washington, Dec. 1, 1897. Mr. George F. Payne, Chairman of Committee, American Pharmaceutical Association, Atlanta, Ga. <h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —I have received your letter of November 29, also communications from pharmacists in various parts of the country, urging me to support the bills which have been introduced relating to the status of hospital stewards in the army. There is a misapprehension on the part of pharmacists with reference to the position of hospital stewards. These non-commissioned officers have many other duties quite as important as those connected with the dispensing of medicines, and at our larger posts they usually do not give personal attention to the preparation and dispensing of medicines. This is done by an acting hospital steward, or at times, by a detailed private of the hospital corps. While
Existence of the Frank-Starling Mechanism in the Failing Human Heart
Authors: Christian Holubarsch, Thorsten Ruf, Daniel J. Goldstein, Robert C. Ashton, Werner Nickl, Burkert Pieske, Katja Pioch, Jens Lu¨demann, Sandra Wiesner, Gerd Hasenfuss, Herbert Posival, Hanjo¨rg Just, Daniel Burkhoff
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The Frank-Starling mechanism is one of the most important physiological principles for regulation of contractile performance. We therefore studied the question of whether this mechanism may be absent or attenuated in end-stage failing human left ventricular myocardium.Different methodological approaches were used to analyze the effects of this mechanism on the organ, tissue, and sarcomere levels: (1) In excised human whole left ventricles (2 donor hearts, 5 failing hearts), diastolic and systolic pressure-volume relationships were obtained. (2) In isolated muscle strip preparations from the left ventricular wall of donor hearts (n = 14) and failing hearts from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 21) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 11), peak developed force was measured at different muscle lengths of the preparation. (3) Skinned fiber preparations were obtained from failing right and left ventricles (n = 12). In all three studies, we clearly observed the existence of the Frank-Starling mechanism: (1) In isolated failing human left ventricles, peak developed isometric pressure is increased when the preload is elevated. (2) Peak developed tension is increased by approximately 50% to 70% (P < .01) in left ventricular preparations of failing and nonfailing ventricles when the muscles are stretched from 90% to 100% optimum length. (3) An increase in sarcomere length leads to a sensitization of contractile proteins of ventricular skinned fiber preparations from failing human hearts. At 1.9-microns sarcomere length, the EC50 value was 5.56 +/- 0.06, and at 2.3 microns it was 5.70 +/- 0.05 (P < .01; n = 7).The Frank-Starling mechanism is maintained in end-stage failing human hearts, whereas significant alterations of diastolic myocardial distensibility are evident in chronic heart failure.
Guidance on assisted suicide is confusing and risky, Warnock tells commission
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The current law on assisted suicide could lead to a “botched” death and must be changed, the philosopher and independent peer Mary Warnock told the Commission on Assisted Dying in central London last week.

Baroness Warnock said that guidelines issued by the director of public prosecutions for England and Wales, Keir Starmer, were “particularly bad” and created confusion and uncertainty. She was giving evidence to the unofficial commission chaired by the former Labour lord chancellor Charles Falconer.

She argued that only medical professionals and not lay people should assist in a suicide.

Assisting a suicide remains a serious crime in England and Wales, punishable by up to 14 …
PECULIAR ELECTROANATOMIC AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES OF ARRHYTHMOGENIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHY PATIENTS WITH CLINICAL VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
Authors: Pasquale Santangeli, Antonio Dello Russo, Michela Casella, Gemma Pelargonio, Luigi Di Biase, Stefano Bartoletti, Maria Lucia Narducci, Martina Zucchetti, Fabrizio Tundo, Gaetano Fassini, Claudio Tondo, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
THE ADOLF MEYER LECTURE CHILDHOOD MOURNING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHIATRY
Authors: JOHN BOWLBY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

It is probably true that by far the most research in the field of psychiatry today still starts with an end-product, a sick patient, and seeks to unravel the sequence of events, psychological and physiological, that appear to have led to his becoming sick. This results in many suggestive hypotheses but, like any single method of enquiry, has its limitations. One of the hallmarks of an advancing science is exploitation of as many methods as can be devised. When in physiological medicine research was expanded to include the systematic investigation of one or another probable pathogen and its effects, a great harvest of knowledge was garnered. Adolf Meyer, we know, looked forward to the day when the same would be possible in psychiatry. "When we know better what to look out for," he wrote in 1903, "we may undertake studies of developing abnormalities which are not insanity yet, and follow them out so as to accumulate material of actual observationon which to build a solid theory...." Because of its practical and scientific implications, the study of responses to loss of mother figure in the early years might have appealed to Adolf Meyer. On the practical side he might have been attracted by the vision of our becoming able to develop measures to prevent at least some forms of mental ill-health. On the scientific side he would, no doubt, have valued the opportunities that stem from the identification of an experience of childhood that is probably pathogenic, can be clearly defined, and the effects of which on the developing personality can be systematically studied by direct observation. There are, of course, many other experiences of childhood besides loss that there is good reason to believe also contribute to the development of disturbed personality and psychiatric illness. Examples are the child's experience of one or another of the various sorts of parental attitude that have long been the subject of concern and therapeutic endeavour in child psychiatric clinics. For each the research task is, first, to define the experience, secondly, to locate a sample of cases in which it is occurring so that its effects on psychological development may be studied, and, finally, to relate the processes that are found to be set in train by it to processes present in patients with declared illness. The consequences of such an expansion of research are far reaching. It is my hope that the illustration of its adoption that has been given will encourage others to try the same route.
The Medicine, Angioplasty or Surgery Study (MASS): A prospective, randomized trial of medical therapy, balloon angioplasty or bypass surgery for single proximal left anterior descending artery stenoses
Authors: Whady A. Hueb, Giovanni Bellotti, Sergio Almeida de Oliveira, Shiguemituzo Arie, Cicero Piva de Albuquerque, Adib D. Jatene, Fulvio Pileggi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
THE ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATIONS OF THE UTERINE APPENDAGES.
Authors: AUGUSTIN H. GOELET
Journal: JAMA (1895)

For some years past the surgical tendency of the gynecologist has completely overshadowed the rational treatment of diseases of the uterine appendages, and may be regarded as a confession of inability to cure; for it can no more be claimed that ablation of organs so important to the female economy is a cure of the morbid process, than amputation of a limb is a cure of the injured or diseased member. General surgery has passed this stage of wholesale sacrifice of useful members, and to-day the saving of an injured limb is more creditable to the surgeon than a skillfully performed amputation. Gynecology must soon pass this stage also, for the limit of extreme pelvic surgery has been reached and the sad plight of the woman (?) who has survived the removal of her ovaries, tubes and uterus is beginning to be realized. I venture to predict that the gynecologist who
Abstract 2324: The cell adhesion molecule L1-CAM is expressed in non-small cell lung cancer and is a prognostic marker for progression free survival
Authors: Verena M. Tischler, Silke Hausladen, Glen Kristiansen, Peter Altevogt, Holger Moch, Alex Soltermann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aim: The cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1-CAM) is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and is correlated to bad prognosis. So far only lung cancer cell lines have been tested for L1-CAM expression. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of this molecule in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue. Methods: We studied tumours of 509 surgically treated NSCLC patients, assembled on a tissue microarray. The cell membrane protein expression of L1-CAM was immunohistochemically determined and semi-quantitatively scored by two pathologists. Correlations of protein expression with clinico-pathologic parameters were calculated by chi-squared tests, overall survival by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: L1-CAM protein was overexpressed in 8.7% of the cases. Histological subtype analysis showed that of squamous cell carcinomas 12.9%, of adenosquamous carcinomas 33.3% and of adenocarcinomas 6.7% expressed high membranous L1-CAM. High L1-CAM protein expression was significantly correlated with higher grade, larger tumour size, higher stage and vessel infiltration but not with nodal state. High L1-CAM was significantly correlated with decreased overall survival on univariate analysis and found to be an independent prognostic factor on multivariate cox regression hazard models (including pT, pN and grade, all p-values &amp;lt;0.05). Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive study on L1-CAM expression in NSCLC. Particularly, epithelial expression of L1-CAM is significantly associated with shortened patient survival defining a subset of tumours with dismal prognosis. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2324.
A gene for Hirschsprung disease maps to the proximal long arm of chromosome 10
Authors: S. Lyonnet, A. Bolino, A. Pelet, L. Abel, C. Nihoul-Fékété, M. L. Briard, V. Mok-Siu, H. Kaariainen, G. Martucciello, M. Lerone, A. Puliti, Yin Luo, J. Weissenbach, M. Devoto, A. Munnich, G. Romeo
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)