tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recent Experiences with Acute Perforation of Peptic Ulcers at the Massachusetts General Hospital
Authors: Charles B. Burbank, Benson B. Roe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THIS review of acute gastroduodenal perforations is the third in a series representing the experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Richardson,1 in 1917, reported 103 cases from 1896 to 1915, with an over-all mortality of 44.2 per cent. Ulfelder and Allen,2 reviewed the 334 cases from 1916 to 1940. The mortality in that series was 27.2 per cent. This paper covers the 289 perforations seen from 1940 through 1951, in which the mortality dropped to 9.34 per cent.The data presented below are not at variance with those in several recent reports, but it is of particular interest to examine . . .
Disorder-Specific Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Separation Anxiety Disorder in Young Children: A Randomized Waiting-List-Controlled Trial
Authors: Silvia Schneider, Judith Blatter-Meunier, Chantal Herren, Carmen Adornetto, Tina In-Albon, Kristen Lavallee
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the earliest and most common mental disorders in childhood, and a strong predictor of adult psychopathology. Despite significant progress in psychotherapy research on childhood anxiety disorders, no randomized controlled trial has been conducted with a disorder-specific treatment program for young children suffering from SAD. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Forty-three children (ages 5–7) with SAD and their parents were assigned to either a 16-session disorder-specific SAD treatment program including parent training and classical cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) components, or to a 12-week waiting list group. Categorical and/or continuous data for anxiety, impairment/distress and quality of life were collected at baseline, after treatment/waiting list condition, and at a 4-week follow-up. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Intention-to-treat analyses indicate that 76.19% of children allocated to the treatment group definitively no longer fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for SAD at follow-up, compared to 13.64% in the waiting list group. Between 91 and 100% of children rated themselves or were rated by their father, mother or therapist as very much or much improved on the global success rating immediately after treatment. Results indicated large time by treatment condition interaction effect sizes (d = 0.98–1.41) across informants for reduction of distress/avoidance in separation situations after the test for the treatment condition. Further, parents reported significant improvements in impairment/distress in the child’s major life domains and the child’s quality of life. Treatment gains were maintained at the 4-week follow-up assessment. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Results indicate the short-term efficacy of a disorder-specific treatment approach for SAD, and are among the first to indicate that CBT programs work with young children.
Comparative studies of ATP sensitive potassium channels in heart and pancreatic cells using Vaughan-Williams class Ia antiarrhythmics
Authors: M. Horie, S. Hayashi, Y. Yuzuki, S. Sasayama
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Actions of cibenzoline and disopyramide, agents with Vaughan-Williams class Ia antiarrhythmic action, on ATP sensitive K+ (KATP) channels were examined in heart and pancreatic beta cells.Single ventricular myocytes and beta cells were prepared enzymatically from adult Wistar rat hearts and pancreatic islets. Using patch clamp techniques, KATP channel activities were recorded in whole cell and single channel modes. In whole cell experiments, myocytes were bathed with Tyrode's medium (34 degrees C); inside out patches were bathed with internal solutions (22-24 degrees C) containing 1 microM ATP and varying concentrations of cibenzoline or disopyramide. Myocytes were voltage clamped at -40 mV and glibenclamide blockade conductance was produced by cromakalim.Micromolar concentrations of both cibenzoline and disopyramide suppressed cromakalim induced conductance. When applied to the cytosolic surface of the cell membrane in inside out configuration, both drugs reversibly inhibited single KATP channel activities. Neither unitary conductance nor intraburst fast kinetics was affected by the compounds. At a holding potential of -40 mV under symmetrical approximately 150 mM K+ conditions, half maximum doses (IC50) were 0.9 microM [Hill coefficient (h) = 1.3] for cibenzoline induced block of cardiac KATP channels and 1.8 microM (h = 1.0) for disopyramide block. At +40 mV, IC50 for cibenzoline block was 1.4 microM (h = 0.9). Thus there was little voltage dependence in cibenzoline induced channel block. A similar IC50 value of 2.5 microM (h = 1.2 at -60 mV under symmetrical approximately 150 mM K+) was observed for cibenzoline induced block of KATP channels.Near therapeutic concentrations of cibenzoline and disopyramide inhibit KATP channel activities in both heart and pancreatic beta cells. This may be causally related to the fasting hypoglycaemia which is sometimes reported in patients receiving the drugs. These antiarrhythmic agents may also modulate myocardial electrical properties during hypoxia or ischaemia.
Coronary Circulation in Dog's Heart
Authors: D. VINCENT PROVENZA, SIDNEY SCHERLIS
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

A study of the capillary structure in the myocardium of the dog reveals three divergent types which can be distinguished on the basis of the presence or absence of sphincter muscle cells located in a position comparable to that occupied by the media of the larger vessels. The true capillary is completely wanting in muscular elements; the precapillary contains one or more muscle cells at the segmental area of attachment with the parent vessel; and the metarteriole contains one or more muscle cells located at irregular intervals along the vessel.
IRS-2 mediates the antiapoptotic effect of insulin in neonatal hepatocytes
Authors: Angela M. Valverde, Isabel Fabregat, Deborah J. Burks, Morris F. White, Manuel Benito
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

To assess the role of insulin action and inaction in the liver, immortalized hepatocyte cell lines have been generated from insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2(-/-) and wild-type mice. Using this model, we have recently demonstrated that the lack of IRS-2 in neonatal hepatocytes resulted in insulin resistance. In the current study, we show that immortalized neonatal hepatocytes undergo apoptosis on serum withdrawal, with caspase-3 activation and DNA laddering occurring earlier in the absence of IRS-2. Insulin rescued wild-type hepatocytes from serum withdrawal-induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner, but it failed to rescue hepatocytes lacking IRS-2. In IRS-2(-/-) cells, insulin failed to phosphorylate Bad. Furthermore, in these cells, insulin was unable to translocate Foxo1 from the nucleus to the cytosol. Adenoviral infection of wild-type cells with constitutively active Foxo1 (ADA) induced caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities, proapoptotic gene expression, DNA laddering and apoptosis. Dominant negative Foxo1 regulated the whole pathway in an opposite manner. Prolonged insulin treatment (24 hours) increased expression of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-xL), downregulated proapoptotic genes (Bim and nuclear Foxo1), and decreased caspase-3 activity in wild-type hepatocytes but not in IRS-2(-/-) cells. Infection of IRS-2(-/-) hepatocytes with adenovirus encoding IRS-2 reconstituted phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)/Akt/Foxo1 signaling, restored pro- and antiapoptotic gene expression, and decreased caspase-3 activity in response to insulin, thereby blocking apoptosis. In conclusion, IRS-2 signaling is specifically required through PIP3 generation to mediate the survival effects of insulin. Epidermal growth factor, via PIP3/Akt/Foxo1 phosphorylation, was able to rescue IRS-2(-/-) hepatocytes from serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis, modulating pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression and downregulating caspase-3 activity.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States
Authors: Karen J. Sherman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 November 2005Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United StatesKaren J. Sherman, PhD, MPHKaren J. Sherman, PhD, MPHFrom Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-9-200511010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Institute of Medicine. 360 pages. Washington, DC: National Academies Pr; 2005. $47.95. ISBN 0309092701. Order at www.nap.edu.Field of medicine: Complementary and alternative medicine and integrative medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Policymakers, insurers, medical educators, clinicians, and others interested in the use of complementary and alternative medicine by the American public and its research, policy, and practice implications.Purpose: To “explore the scientific, policy and practice questions” relevant to complementary and alternative medicine use in the United States.Content: The book, which consists of 10 chapters that are the findings of a special committee report commissioned by the Institute of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byComplementary and Alternative Medicine Use in First-time and Recurrent Kidney Stone FormersRoselle: Production, Product Development, and Composites 1 November 2005Volume 143, Issue 9Page: 696KeywordsComplementary and alternative medicineForecastingHealth careMedical educationPublic policySoftware tools ePublished: 1 November 2005 Issue Published: 1 November 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Brucellosis and rheumatic syndromes in Saudi Arabia.
Authors: W L Norton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Seventy-three episodes of brucellosis in 55 patients are reported. Twenty-two had a systemic illness, 10 arthritis, 10 spondylitis, and four arthritis and spondylitis. Cultures were positive in 77% of cases where appropriate methods were used. A number of rheumatic syndromes may be mimicked by brucellosis and others may coexist with it. A high index of suspicion should prevail in the evaluation of patients from endemic areas.
The Risk of Developing AIDS in Hemophiliac and Homosexual Men-Reply
Authors: Janine M. Jason
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> To our knowledge, only one person in our hemophilic cohort was both hemophilic and homosexual; he has not developed AIDS. In addition to requesting this information, Dr Warth cites data suggesting that hemophilic men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have lower rates of AIDS than do homosexual or bisexual men. For our two cohorts, we did not find a significant difference in the incidence of or latency period for AIDS, when year of infection was taken into account. He also raises the interesting question of whether receipt of HIV-contaminated blood products by persons with other additional sources of HIV exposure (eg, both hemophilic and homosexual or bisexual) might lead to the production of antibodies protective against the development of AIDS. Unfortunately, current data do not support either of Dr Warth's suggestions. Most studies have not found antibodies to be protective against HIV, perhaps in part because
Severe hypotension associated with blocker tamsulosin
Authors: J. Ramirez
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Selective action does not guarantee safety 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the main cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men—voiding, storage, or post-micturition symptoms are common to several genitourinary and neurological diseases. Men with these symptoms experience decreased quality of life, depression, and loss of productivity. The prevalence of these symptoms varies from 15% to 60% of men over 40 years of age.1

Worldwide, population ageing is contributing to the increasing burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia. This is accompanied by increasing healthcare costs owing to the growing list of treatment options. The study by Bird and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.f6320) evaluates the safety of one such treatment option—tamsulosin, a selective α adrenergic receptor antagonist (α blocker). The authors report a significant association between starting or restarting tamsulosin and hypotension severe enough to require admission to hospital.2

Tamsulosin was introduced in 1996 and marketed as a major innovation among α blockers because it was associated with a lower frequency of orthostatic hypotension than other drugs in this class. Tamsulosin now dominates the global drugs market for the treatment of …
Recent Concepts Regarding the Spread and Treatment of Poliomyelitis
Authors: Robert B. Lawson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE essential questions asked about poliomyelitis today are, "How is it spread?" "How can you prevent the disease?" and "How can you cure it?" Although the answers to these questions are not known, a vast amount of knowledge about poliomyelitis, which is beginning to fit together, may furnish these answers in the next few years. At present there are glaring gaps in understanding of this disease, but the definite advances that are being made are filling some of these gaps.EpidemiologyPoliomyelitis is a worldwide disease affecting all races and classes of people. It is recognized to be most important . . .
Hepatitis C infection and clearance: impact on atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic risk factors
Authors: A. Mostafa, M. K. Mohamed, M. Saeed, A. Hasan, A. Fontanet, I. Godsland, E. Coady, G. Esmat, M. El-Hoseiny, M. Abdul-Hamid, A. Hughes, N. Chaturvedi
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection is associated with diabetes and favourable lipids. <h3>Objective</h3> To study the effect of this paradox on atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic response to HCV clearance. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting</h3> Egypt. <h3>Participants</h3> 329 chronically infected, 173 with cleared infection and 795 never infected participants aged ≥35 attended for baseline investigations. A subsample of 192, 115 and 187, respectively, underwent ultrasound. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Diabetes, fasting glucose, lipids and fat deposition on ultrasound. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measured atherosclerosis. <h3>Results</h3> Diabetes prevalence was raised (10.1% (95% CI 6.6 to 13.6), p=0.04) in HCV chronic, and cleared (10.1% (5.6 to 14.8), p=0.08) individuals versus 6.6% (4.9 to 8.3) in those never infected. Mesenteric fat was raised in chronic (36.4 mm (34.5 to 38.2), p=0.004), and cleared infection (37.8 (35.6 to 40.0), p&lt;0.0001) vs never infected (32.7 (31.0 to 34.4)). LDL cholesterol was lower in chronic (2.69 mmol/l (2.53 to 2.86), p&lt;0.001), but similar in cleared (3.56 (3.34 to 3.78), p=0.4) versus never infected (3.45 (3.30 to 3.60)). Carotid IMT did not differ by infection status: 0.73 (0.70 to 0.76, p=0.4), 0.71 (0.66 to 0.75, p=0.9), 0.71 (0.68 to 0.74), respectively. Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors increased IMT in chronic infection (0.76 (0.72 to 0.79), p=0.02) versus never infected individuals (0.70 (0.67 to 0.73)). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Hepatic function normalisation with HCV clearance may account for reversal of favourable lipids observed with HCV infection. Hyperglycaemia and visceral adiposity appear less amenable to HCV resolution. These different cardiovascular risk patterns may determine equivalent atherosclerosis risk by infection status. However, once these factors were accounted for, those with chronic infection had raised IMT, suggesting a direct effect of infection.
Menstrual Cycle Differences Between Women With Type 1 Diabetes and Women Without Diabetes
Authors: Elsa S. Strotmeyer, Ann R. Steenkiste, Thomas P. Foley, Sarah L. Berga, Janice S. Dorman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate menstrual cycle histories among women with type 1 diabetes, their sisters, and unrelated control subjects without diabetes across all reproductive ages. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Menstrual and reproductive histories were obtained by questionnaire from 143 women with type 1 diabetes, 186 sisters without diabetes, and 158 unrelated control subjects without diabetes participating in the Familial Autoimmune and Diabetes study. RESULTS—Women with type 1 diabetes had more menstrual problems (long cycles, long menstruation, and heavy menstruation) before age 30 years than sisters and control subjects. These differences were all statistically significant, except for heavy menstruation at age &amp;lt;20 years. No differences were observed after age 30 years. Women with type 1 diabetes experienced later menarche, earlier natural menopause, fewer pregnancies, and more stillbirths than women without diabetes. Multiple regression analyses revealed that type 1 diabetes caused an approximate twofold increased risk of any menstrual problem before age 30 years. These were primarily related to long cycles and long menstruation in women aged &amp;lt;20 and 20–29 years, as well as with heavy menstruation from 20 to 29 years. Oral contraceptives were protective for any menstrual problem and heavy menstruation from 30 to 39 years of age. With history of pregnancy from 20 to 40 years of age, any menstrual problem and long menstruation were more likely. CONCLUSIONS—The results suggest that type 1 diabetes is an independent risk factor for menstrual disturbances in young adults. Future studies may determine whether addressing menstrual disturbances improves quality of life and health for these women.
Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Survival
Authors: David E. Arterburn, Maren K. Olsen, Valerie A. Smith, Edward H. Livingston, Lynn Van Scoyoc, William S. Yancy, George Eid, Hollis Weidenbacher, Matthew L. Maciejewski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

IMPORTANCEAccumulating evidence suggests that bariatric surgery improves survival among patients with severe obesity, but research among veterans has shown no evidence of benefit.OBJECTIVE To examine long-term survival in a large multisite cohort of patients who underwent bariatric surgery compared with matched control patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn a retrospective cohort study, we identified 2500 patients (74% men) who underwent bariatric surgery in Veterans Affairs (VA) bariatric centers from 2000-2011 and matched them to 7462 control patients using sequential stratification and an algorithm that included age, sex, geographic region, body mass index, diabetes, and Diagnostic Cost Group.Survival was compared across patients who underwent bariatric surgery and matched controls using Kaplan-Meier estimators and stratified, adjusted Cox regression analyses.EXPOSURES Bariatric procedures, which included 74% gastric bypass, 15% sleeve gastrectomy, 10% adjustable gastric banding, and 1% other.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All-cause mortality through December 2013.RESULTS Surgical patients (n = 2500) had a mean age of 52 years and a mean BMI of 47. Matched control patients (n = 7462) had a mean age of 53 years and a mean BMI of 46.At the end of the 14-year study period, there were a total of 263 deaths in the surgical group (mean follow-up, 6.9 years) and 1277 deaths in the matched control group (mean follow-up, 6.6 years).Kaplan-Meier estimated mortality rates were 2.4% at 1 year, 6.4% at 5 years, and 13.8% at 10 years for surgical patients; for matched control patients, 1.7% at 1 year, 10.4% at 5 years, and 23.9% at 10 years.Adjusted analysis showed no significant association between bariatric surgery and all-cause mortality in the first year of follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.28 [95% CI, 0.98-1.68]),but significantly lower mortality after 1 to 5 years (HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.36-0.56])and 5 to 14 years (HR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.39-0.58]).The midterm (>1-5 years) and long-term (>5 years) relationships between surgery and survival were not significantly different across subgroups defined by diabetes diagnosis, sex, and period of surgery.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among obese patients receiving care in the VA health system, those who underwent bariatric surgery compared with matched control patients who did not have surgery had lower all-cause mortality at 5 years and up to 10 years following the procedure.These results provide further evidence for the beneficial relationship between surgery and survival that has been demonstrated in younger, predominantly female populations.
Prevalence of nasal polyposis in France: a cross-sectional, case-control study
Authors: JM. Klossek, F. Neukirch, C. Pribil, R. Jankowski, E. Serrano, I. Chanal, A. El Hasnaoui
Journal: Allergy (2005)

The prevalence of nasal polyposis (NP) has never been established in France due to the lack of diagnostic tools for population-based studies.Using a recently validated questionnaire/algorithm (90% specificity and sensitivity) in a population-based random sample, the present cross-sectional, case-control study allowed to determine NP prevalence and describe the principal aspects of NP epidemiology. A total of 10 033 subjects (>/=18 years) were screened. After identification of subjects with NP and those without, another questionnaire was submitted to NP patients only for further data collection. Controls were individuals without NP, matched by gender and age to NP patients.Nasal polyposis prevalence was 2.11% (95% CI 1.83-2.39). NP patients (n = 212, 45% males) were aged 49.4 +/- 17.6 years. No gender preponderance was observed, but NP tended to increase with age. Mean duration of nasal symptoms was 22.4 +/- 15.7 years. Among the 145 patients having already seen a doctor for their symptoms, 77.2% have been referred to a specialist, and 18.6% had a diagnosis of NP. Rhinorrhoea was reported by 39.9% of NP patients, blocked nose by 30.8%, and anosmia by 28.9%. Only 6.9% reported facial discomfort while 24.6% complained about general discomfort. Most NP patients (61.3%) had a pharmacological treatment, a nasal spray for the major part (76.9%).The present study provides valuable and reliable information on NP epidemiology in France; the collected information are in accordance with most published international data.
Shrinking Specificity of Transaminase SGOT
Authors: C. Adrein Bodet
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The editorial entitled "The Shrinking Specificity of the Transaminase Determination" (<i>JAMA</i><b>191</b>:179 [March 29] 1965) is wrongly named. A better title would have been "Further Evidence Substantiating Congestive Hepatomegaly" as an etiology of elevated serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGOT) level. These determinations are of value in myocardial infarction and diseases of the liver. Less informed persons might draw erroneous conclusions from the title used. I, as well as, I am sure, many others, have diagnosed subclinical congestive heart failure on the basis of a SGOT level of significant degree. As is true with many other laboratory procedures in clinical medicine, a test for one organ system becomes more and more specific as more diseases that cause pathophysiology of this particular organ system are studied and fewer exceptions are found.