tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enlightened Standards of Medical Licensure
Authors: George L. Maltby
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Mysterious and deep currents are flowing through American medicine in the early 1970s and they are likely to continue through the decade.  As a physician having great faith in the excellence of American medicine, and as President of the Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States, I look on the kaleidoscope of change with trepidation, hope, and a strong feeling that the profession can resolve the myriad problems to the satisfaction of the public and the profession—hopefully without federal duress. I wish to discuss briefly a few of the problems of immediate concern to members of state licensing boards.  Few will disagree with the statement that, in the light of today's medical school curriculum, the day a man receives his MD degree he is not qualified for a license to practice medicine and surgery. He must have one or more years of graduate medical education under supervision. How
Esophagitis dissecans superficialis due to severe methotrexate toxicity
Authors: Khurram Abbass, Lauren Haveman, Elie Gertner
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS), also referred to as "sloughing esophagitis", is associated with the sloughing of large fragments of the esophageal squamous mucosa and is a rare endoscopic finding. The etiology is often unclear but it may result from thermal, chemical, or physical insults and has been reported in association with systemic diseases such as the autoimmune bullous dermatoses (pemphigus and pemphigoid) and certain medications [1] [2] [3] [4].
Control of Tuberculosis in Pakistani Immigrants
Authors: W. Edgar
Journal: BMJ (1964)

trations in benign conditions is a disadvantage.However, the failure to detect two out of three early carcinomas of the cervix precludes its use as a screening test in its present form. SummaryExperience with assays of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vaginal fluid as a screen test for cervical carcinoma in parallel with cervical cytology is described.Among the 190 cases studied, three cases of carcinoma-in-situ were found.Two of the three carcinomas-in-situ did not have raised enzyme levels.Thirty-five patients had raised enzyme levels without carcinoma.The causes of high enzyme concentration in the absence of carcinoma and low concentration in carcinoma-in-situ as distinct from frank carcinoma are discussed.We wish to acknowledge the funds presented to us by the Common Council of the City of London and the British Empire Cancer Campaign.This work was carried out while one of us (G.G. M.) held the
Europe should give Alzheimer's disease higher priority
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Health authorities across the European Union must give a higher priority to people with dementia, according to the conclusions of a new transnational study funded by the European Commission.

The study, coordinated by the charity Alzheimer Scotland—Action on Dementia and by Susan Tester, a senior lecturer in social policy at the University of Stirling in Scotland, …
Evaluation of Medical Residents
Authors: FRANK A. CRAIG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 February 1973Evaluation of Medical ResidentsFRANK A. CRAIG, M.D.FRANK A. CRAIG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-314_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Ureles is to be congratulated on his comments on "Sensitivity and compassion with patients and family" (Ann Intern Med 77:476, 1972). It is also gratifying to note from Dr. Beck's reply that the American Board of Internal Medicine is open to further suggestions about the evaluation of candidates.We have recently developed an even more comprehensive evaluation form that is currently being circulated among the house staff and members of the committee that has been established to evaluate candidates for the Board. Besides clinical competence and questions related to sensitivity and compassion, we evaluate the house officers... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FRANK A. CRAIG, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1973Volume 78, Issue 2Page: 314-314 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
SIX YEARS OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY, INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND, AND QUANTITATIVE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY LESIONS TREATED WITH THE BIOLIMUS A9-ELUTING STENTS WITH A BIOABSORBABLE POLYMER
Authors: Ricardo A. Costa, Alexandre Abizaid, J. Ribamar Costa, Rodolfo Staico, Fausto Feres, Marinella Centermero, Vinicius Esteves, Dimytri Siqueira, Daniel Chamié, Luiz A. Mattos, Amanda Sousa, J. Eduardo Sousa, Eberhard Grube
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Mapping myasthenia gravis–associated T cell epitopes on human acetylcholine receptors in HLA transgenic mice
Authors: Huan Yang, Elzbieta Goluszko, Chella David, David K. Okita, Bianca Conti-Fine, Teh-sheng Chan, Mathilde A. Poussin, Premkumar Christadoss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Susceptibility to myasthenia gravis (MG) is positively linked to expression of HLA-DQ8 and DR3 molecules and negatively linked to expression of the DQ6 molecule. To elucidate the molecular basis of this association, we have induced experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) in mice transgenic for HLA-DQ8, DQ6, and DR3, and in DQ8×DQ6 and DQ8×DR3 F1 transgenic mice, by immunization with human acetylcholine receptor (H-AChR) in CFA. Mice expressing transgenes for one or both of the HLA class II molecules positively associated with MG (DQ8 and DR3) developed EAMG. T cells from DQ8 transgenic mice responded well to three cytoplasmic peptide sequences of H-AChR (α320-337, α304-322, and α419-437), of which the response to α320-337 was the most intense. DR3 transgenic mice also responded to this sequence very strongly. H-AChR– and α320-337 peptide–specific lymphocyte responses were restricted by HLA class II molecules. Disease resistance in DQ6 transgenic mice was associated with reduced synthesis of anti-AChR IgG, IgG2b, and IgG2c Ab’s and reduced IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion by H-AChR– and peptide α320-337–specific lymphocytes. Finally, we show that DQ8 imparts susceptibility to EAMG and responsiveness to an epitope within the sequence α320-337 as a dominant trait.
Response to Comments on Evert et al. Nutrition Therapy Recommendations for the Management of Adults With Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013;36:3821–3842
Authors: William S. Yancy, Stephanie A. Dunbar, Jackie L. Boucher, Marjorie Cypress, Alison B. Evert, Marion J. Franz, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Joshua J. Neumiller, Patti Urbanski, Cassandra L. Verdi, Robin Nwankwo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Dr. Sigal (1) and Jardine et al. (2) summarize several observational studies showing that consumption of animal products is related to incidence of type 2 diabetes. Nutrition therapy for the prevention of type 2 diabetes is an important topic that has substantial evidence supporting its effectiveness based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (3,4). The focus of the position statement, however, was on the management of patients already diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (5). Therefore, the studies summarized in Sigal and Jardine et al. were excluded from the literature review.

While observational studies were included in the literature review, the position statement placed emphasis on RCTs because of the biases inherent to observational research. For example, people who consume larger amounts of meat may have other behaviors or characteristics that confound the relationship between meat intake and disease. As an example, in …
Diet and diverticulosis.
Authors: R C Garry
Journal: BMJ (1971)

aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase in 16 adults with serum salicyclate greater than 35 mg/100 ml as a result of single-dose self-poisoning.In only one patient was the SGOT minimally in- creased to 44 units.This was an apparently healthy 24-year-old man with a serum sali- cyclate of 80 mg/100 ml four and a half hours after taking aspirin tablets; his alkaline phosphatase was normal.A 60-year-old man with a serum salicyclate of 131 mg/100 ml eight hours after ingestion was the only patient with a raised alkaline phosphatase (16 King-Armstrong units); his SGOT was normal These findings tend to support the implied conclusion of Dr. Russell and colleagues that, age apart, increases in these enzymes in serum are probably related to prolonged administration of salicylates.-I
Memory B lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs interact with E-selectin through a novel glycoprotein ligand
Authors: María C. Montoya, Karin Holtmann, Karen R. Snapp, Eric Borges, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid, Francis W. Luscinskas, Geoffrey Kansas, Dietmar Vestweber, Manuel O. de Landázuri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Recirculation of B lymphocytes through the secondary lymphoid organs is key for recognition and response to foreign antigen. B lymphocytes within secondary lymphoid organs comprise a heterogeneous population of cells at distinct differentiation stages. To ascribe a particular adhesive behavior to discrete B-cell subsets within secondary lymphoid organs, we investigated their functional interaction with endothelial selectins under flow. We describe herein the characterization of a subset of human tonsillar B cells that interact with E-selectin but not P-selectin. E-selectin–interacting B cells had a phenotype of non–germinal center (CD10–, CD38–, CD44+), memory (IgD–) cells. Furthermore, FucT-VII was expressed selectively in CD44+ E-selectin–adherent B lymphocytes. B-cell rolling on E-selectin required sialic acid but was independent of previously described selectin ligands. A novel glycoprotein ligand of 240 kDa carrying N-linked glycans was isolated from B-cell membranes by an E-selectin immunoadhesin. Binding of this protein was strictly Ca2+ dependent, was inhibited by a cell adhesion–blocking mAb against E-selectin, and required the presence of sialic acid but not N-linked carbohydrates. Our results enable us to assign to resident memory B lymphocytes a novel adhesion function, the rolling on E-selectin, that provides insights on the adhesion pathways involved in homing of memory B cells to tertiary sites.
Late mortality after vagotomy and drainage for duodenal ulcer.
Authors: A H McLean Ross, J R Anderson, M A Smith, W P Small
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The prognosis of the disease appears to be more accurately indicated by the intensity with which Helix pomatia lectin binds to primary breast cancer cells than by lymph node involvement.This binding reflects expression of N-acetyl-galactosaminyl glyco- conjugates in the cancer cells.There may be many different glycoconjugates but it would be interesting to know whether CA 50 contains N-acetyl-galactosamine.Professor Holmgren's group suggests that formation of new abnormal carbohydrate structures may be caused by activation of normally unexpressed glycosyltransferases.The observed changes, however, could be due to increased levels of normal glycosyltransferases.We raised an antibody to sialytransferase isolated from human milk, and found a tendency for primary breast cancer with a poor prognosis to show greater binding of this antibody than cancer with a good prognosis.This finding is also of interest because increased sialic acid concentrations have been implicated in increased metastatic potential.
Pregnant women should routinely be offered HIV tests
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1998)

All pregnant women in the United Kingdom should have access to testing for HIV infection as part of routine antenatal care in a major effort to reduce the risk of vertical transmission.

This recommendation, from an intercollegiate working party, is based on the growing recognition that many women do not realise that they are HIV positive until their babies are diagnosed with AIDS related illnesses. The working party was set up last year after research showed that more than seven in 10 pregnant women who were HIV positive did not know they were infected with the virus. The chairman, Dr Graham Davies, consultant paediatric immunologist at Great Ormond Street Hospital, said, “This means that babies are born with vertically acquired HIV infection, which may be preventable if mothers are tested early in pregnancy and steps taken to reduce …
Abstract 2983: Sgo1 haploinsufficiency contributes to enhanced colon carcinogenesis in mice and yet associated with high colonic epithelial apoptosis
Authors: Hiroshi Y. Yamada, Yuting Zhang, Wei Dai, Chinthalapally V. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Inactivation of Shugoshin-1 (Sgo1) function or depletion of Sgo1 in mammalian cells causes missegregation of chromosome. Sgo1 plays an obligate role in chromosome cohesion and its defect is implicated in high chromosome instability. Recent studies indicate that Sgo1 levels were significantly decreased in human colonic tumors, suggesting a role in colon carcinogenesis. Here, we report for first time that depletion of Sgo1 lead to the enhanced colorectal carcinogenesis in mice. To understand the role of Sgo1 in colorectal cancer, we have established haploinsufficient Sgo1+/- mouse model. We tested whether Sgo1 deficiency would enhance the colon carcinogenesis in animal exposed to colonic specific carcinogen. At eight weeks of age mice Sgo1+/+ and Sgo1+/- were treated with azoxymethane (AOM), s.c., 4 mg/kg BW, twice weekly for four weeks. Upon treatment with AOM, we analyzed for colonic crypt cell-cycle modifications and later stage colonic ACF and tumor formation. Sgo1-/+ mice showed higher acute cell death rate than Sgo1+/+ mice soon after the AOM-treatment. However, at the endpoint, the number of aberrant crypt foci [Sgo1+/+, 4±1.41 vs Sgo1+/- 12.2 ±1.5, mean ±SD, p&amp;lt;0.0002] and multiplicity of aberrant crypts/foci [Sgo1+/+ 0.4±0.32 vs Sgo1+/- 3.8 ±0.57, mean ±SD, p&amp;lt;0.0001]. Importantly, mean number of colonic microadenoma were 5-fold higher in haploinsufficient mice [Sgo1+/+, 0.8 ±0.45 vs Sgo1+/- 5.0 ± 1.2, p&amp;lt;0001]. Normal-looking colonic mucosa in AOM-treated Sgo1-/+ mice expressed higher Bcl2, p53 and COX-2 proteins compared with Sgo1+/+ type. These results suggest the notion that defect in mitotic machinery can serve both oncogenic and enhance cell death by apoptosis in an environment-dependent manner; Sgo1-/+ mice may be latently antagonizing carcinogenesis by removing damaged cells in higher rate with cell death. Our results for the first time provide functional evidence of Sgo1 in enhancement of precancerous lesions, and their progression to colonic tumors. (Supported by R01-CA-113349 and R01-CA-102942) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2983. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2983
Influence of trial sample size on treatment effect estimates: meta-epidemiological study
Authors: A. Dechartres, L. Trinquart, I. Boutron, P. Ravaud
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To assess the influence of trial sample size on treatment effect estimates within meta-analyses.Meta-epidemiological study.93 meta-analyses (735 randomised controlled trials) assessing therapeutic interventions with binary outcomes, published in the 10 leading journals of each medical subject category of the Journal Citation Reports or in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.Sample size, outcome data, and risk of bias extracted from each trial.Trials within each meta-analysis were sorted by their sample size: using quarters within each meta-analysis (from quarter 1 with 25% of the smallest trials, to quarter 4 with 25% of the largest trials), and using size groups across meta-analyses (ranging from <50 to ≥ 1000 patients). Treatment effects were compared within each meta-analysis between quarters or between size groups by average ratios of odds ratios (where a ratio of odds ratios less than 1 indicates larger effects in smaller trials).Treatment effect estimates were significantly larger in smaller trials, regardless of sample size. Compared with quarter 4 (which included the largest trials), treatment effects were, on average, 32% larger in trials in quarter 1 (which included the smallest trials; ratio of odds ratios 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.82), 17% larger in trials in quarter 2 (0.83, 0.75 to 0.91), and 12% larger in trials in quarter 3 (0.88, 0.82 to 0.95). Similar results were obtained when comparing treatment effect estimates between different size groups. Compared with trials of 1000 patients or more, treatment effects were, on average, 48% larger in trials with fewer than 50 patients (0.52, 0.41 to 0.66) and 10% larger in trials with 500-999 patients (0.90, 0.82 to 1.00).Treatment effect estimates differed within meta-analyses solely based on trial sample size, with stronger effect estimates seen in small to moderately sized trials than in the largest trials.
Audrey Trevor Evans
Authors: C. M. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Audrey Trevor Evans followed in the footsteps of both her parents in qualifying to become a doctor—it is thought that her mother was the first woman doctor in Cardigan. After various house jobs, Audrey took an internship at Vassar Brothers Hospital, Poughkeepsie, New York, which included working in a polio unit at the time of the development of the Salk vaccine. On her return, having obtained her diploma in public health, she became an …
Higher Prevalence of Myocilin Mutations in Advanced Glaucoma in Comparison with Less Advanced Disease in an Australasian Disease Registry
Authors: Emmanuelle Souzeau, Kathryn P. Burdon, Andrew Dubowsky, Scott Grist, Bronwyn Usher, Jude T. Fitzgerald, April Crawford, Alex W. Hewitt, Ivan Goldberg, Richard A. Mills, Jonathan B. Ruddle, John Landers, David A. Mackey, Jamie E. Craig
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Left ventricular function and adrenergic hyperactivity before and after saphenous vein bypass.
Authors: H Boudoulas, R P Lewis, J S Vasko, P E Karayannacos, B M Beaver
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Forty patients with severe angina pectoris were studied before and two weeks after saphenous vein bypass surgery (SVG) in order to assess the effect of this operation on left ventricular performance as judged by systolic time intervals (STI). The patients were divided into two groups: group I included 29 patients in whom no postoperative infarction occurred and group II was composed of 11 patients with postoperative infarction. For group I the PEP/LVET was 0.39 +/- 0.01 preop and slightly but significantly increased at 0.42 +/- 0.004 (P less than 0.025) two weeks postop. The mean preop PEP/LVET was 0.33 +/- 0.01 for group II and dramatically increased to 0.54 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.001) after surgery. Another striking abnormally was a marked shortening of electromechanical systole (QS2I), which was uniformly present in the postoperative studies. Follow-up studies in 16 patients and urinary catecholamine determination in five patients suggested excessive adrenergic activity was responsible for the abbreviated QS2I. This phenomenon must be considered when interpreting the results of SVG on left ventricular function.
Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Ashish K. Jha
Journal: JAMA (2010)

ON JULY 13, 2010, THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH and Human Services released the final criteria defining “meaningful use” of electronic health records (EHRs). The aim behind these rules is to improve quality and efficiency of care by encouraging approximately 700 000 clinicians and 5000 acute care hospitals to use EHRs. With approximately $30 billion in incentives and the threat of reduced payments for those that fail to comply, meaningful use may represent the single most potent federal effort to change health care delivery in the past 2 decades. For practicing clinicians, the origins and likely effects of this rule may be opaque. It would be helpful to understand the motivation behind the key components of the meaningful use rules, where they are likely to take the US health care system (and the obstacles along the way), and the benefits and risks of a rapid transformation from paper to electronic record systems.
A Note on Filaria Sanguinis Hominis: With a Description of a Male Specimen
Authors: A. G. Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1888)

tracing taken as above described while the cylinder was revolving: slowly.The patient was a youug woman, A. C., suffering from well-marked symptoms of Graves's disease in an early stage.The tremor could be distinctly felt when her hand was loosely placed -in the hand of the observer.The tracing was taken with her right hand resting lightly on the tambour.The movements occur at the rate of 11 per second, and their amplitude is slight, though varying within small limits.Numerous tracings were taken from this patient, and also from another young woman, B. A., who also presented well-marked symptoms of Graves's disease in the early stage.All the tracings had the same characters, and the rate was practically identical in both patients, the maximum of numerous countings being 11.5 per second in A. C., and the minimum 10.8 per second in E. A. A study of the extended series of tracings from these two cases appears to show t1hat even! tis slight difference is due to imperfections in.the ~ipj~ratos\atid.that, .wshiii. the limits of.experimentl ,errqr, the rate in these cases was almost iaentical.Fig. 4 is a reproduction of a tracing taken with a more rapidly revolving cylinder.Though the general aspect is, for this reason, different, the rate at which the movements occur (11.3 per second) is almost the same as-in Fig. 3, and the two tracings have essentially the same characters.
Vitamin E and Its Relation to Heart Disease
Authors: ROBERT E. OLSON
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Although vitamin E deficiency in ruminants results in conspicuous heart disease, a similar deficiency state in primates appears to spare the heart, even when other systems are affected. No heart disease in man has been related to a vitamin E deficiency. The pharmacologic use of vitamin E in doses 10 to 50 times the daily requirement was recommended in 1947 for the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular disorders, including intermittent claudication, angina pectoris, coronary occlusion, congestive heart failure, thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism, but no evidence of its effectiveness has been convincingly verified during the ensuing 25 years.