tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Immunologic Test for Prognosis in Advanced Hodgkin's Disease.
Authors: Joseph E. Sokal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969An Immunologic Test for Prognosis in Advanced Hodgkin's Disease.Joseph E. Sokal, M.D., F.A.C.P., C. William Aungst, M.D.Joseph E. Sokal, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, C. William Aungst, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1106_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPrognosis in Hodgkin's disease is notoriously difficult. Some patients die rapidly despite early and aggressive therapy, while others with various combinations of unfavorable prognostic signs live for very many years. This variability is attributed to differences in "host resistance." The intimate relationship of defects in cellular immune mechanisms with the course of Hodgkin's disease led us to the hypothesis that host resistance in this disease is directly related to the integrity of these mechanisms. If so, assessment of cellular immune capacity should have significant prognostic value. To test this, 32 tuberculin-negative patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease (stage III, 9; stage... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1106-1107KeywordsHodgkin lymphoma Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
An ileal metastasis from a parotid gland cancer that mimicked a flat adenoma
Authors: K.I. Fu, T. Ishikawa, H. Fujii, K. Hirabayashi, S. Igarashi, Y. Kaji
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 76-year-old man was referred to our endoscopic unit with hematochezia and anemia. He had been receiving palliative treatment, including radiation therapy, for a primary stage IV parotid gland cancer. Colonoscopy showed that the mucosa of the terminal ileum had prolapsed into the colonic lumen, and a flat elevated lesion, 8 mm in diameter and mimicking a small flat adenoma, was seen on the prolapsed ileal mucosa (Figure [1]). On palpation with biopsy forceps, the lesion felt more solid and harder than an ordinary adenoma. An endoscopic biopsy sample was sent for histological evaluation, and the findings were consistent with a metastatic parotid gland cancer (Figure [2]), the histological features being quite similar to those of the primary tumor biopsied previously. No definite source of bleeding was detected on upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations. Palliative treatment was continued and the patient died 4 months later.
Physician's Narcotic Prescription Blanks
Authors: N. A. Karakashian
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the enforcement of federal and state laws on the use of narcotic and dangerous drugs, one item has been left without proper supervision: the physicians' prescription blank. It is not difficult to have the blanks duplicated by a cooperative printer, and a good handwriting expert could imitate the penmanship of any physician. Therefore, I believe the Federal Department of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs should take steps to close this loophole. This can be done by a law requiring that all narcotics and dangerous drugs be written on a special blank provided by the Bureau, on paper available only to the Department of Narcotics. The physician would be permitted to order 500 blanks in the style he desires at a set price. His signature should be recorded with the Bureau. These narcotic blanks would be kept separate from other prescription blanks at drug stores, where the Bureau's
CORONARY ARTERIAL REMODELING AND PERISTENT PLAQUE CHANGE AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION &amp;ndash; COMPARISON BETWEEN ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS AND PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS -
Authors: Shinjo Sonoda, Yoshitaka Muraoka, Kuninobu Kashiyama, Fumihiko Kamezaki, Yuki Tsuda, Masaru Araki, Masahiro Okazaki, Yutaka Otsuji
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Long-term alcohol intake enhances ADP-ribosylation of the multifunctional enzyme, phosphoglucomutase, in rat liver
Authors: F Nomura
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a posttranslational protein modification that, in turn, alters several regulatory proteins in mammalian cells. We demonstrated that long-term alcohol intake enhanced the ADP-ribosylation of a 58-kd protein in rat liver plasma membranes. To assess the biological significance of this phenomenon, we partially purified the 58-kd acceptor protein from solubilized rat liver homogenates by two sequential preparative high-pressure liquid chromatographies. Microsequencing revealed that it was phosphoglucomutase (PGM) (EC 5,4,2,2). This enzyme underwent negligible auto ADP-ribosylation, but the ADP-ribosylation was remarkably increased by adding rat liver plasma membranes. The extent of the increase was greater in alcohol-fed rats than in pair-fed controls, suggesting enhanced enzyme activities toward ADP-ribosylation of PGM after chronic alcohol consumption. Several important enzymes are ADP-ribosylated, after which their activities are modified. The results of this study showed that PGM is a novel substrate for ADP-ribosylation in the liver and that the ADP-ribosylation is increased after chronic alcohol consumption. In view of the variety of roles of PGM in the liver (carbohydrate metabolism and Ca2+ homeostasis), specific roles of this modification in terms of the effects of alcohol on hepatocytes may deserve further investigation.
European drug agency backtracks on plan to give researchers access to clinical trial reports
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The European Medicines Agency has watered down its plans for allowing public access to clinical trial reports as part of its drive towards greater transparency, angering researchers and the European ombudsman.

A document on the draft terms of use for access to clinical trial reports, seen by The BMJ and set to be endorsed by the agency’s management board on 12 June, says that trial reports, instead of being published proactively by the agency, will be available only to registered users. Furthermore, these users would be able to view the information only in a “view on screen only” mode, using an interface provided by the agency, and will not be permitted to “download, save, edit, photograph, print, distribute, or transfer the information.”

In addition, the draft terms impose strict confidentiality requirements and wide restrictions on the use of the data.

A further draft document on redaction principles, also seen by The BMJ , outlines the range of information that the EMA would be able to withhold “where disclosure may undermine the economic or competitive position of the owner of the information.”

The agency’s change …
Deaths from non-accidental injury in children.
Authors: J A Baldwin
Journal: BMJ (1980)

attempt to avert this approaching crisis.As it is apparent that the National Health Service facilities are incapable of processing enough of of the voluntary donations from this country, surely we should explore the possibility of commercially successful private industries fractionating the material for the National Health Service.This approach would provide a glimmer of hope in what otherwise seems a very gloomy prospect.
Summary Statistics on Graduate Medical Education in the United States
Authors: Anne E. Crowley
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> This annual report on graduate medical education in the United States contains data on number of residency programs by specialty and by region, number of positions offered, number of trainees by specialty and by region, and number of foreign medical graduates in each specialty and in each state and information on the ethnic background and citizenship of trainees. <h3>METHODOLOGY</h3> The accreditation actions of the Residency Review Committees and of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) are recorded regularly. Statistical information on graduate medical education in the United States is collected annually by means of surveys of program directors and of institutions and agencies that participate to a significant extent in graduate medical education. In September 1983, every director of an accredited graduate medical training program was sent a computer printout of the listing of the program as it will appear in the Directory. Enclosed with the printout
A Common Destiny: Blacks and American Society
Authors: Russell L. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The status of blacks in American society has been the subject of several important reports in recent years. For example, the US Department of Health and Human Services<i>Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health</i>(1985) identified the six medical conditions for which the gaps in mortality between whites and blacks are the greatest. A few years later, the American Council on Education and the Education Commission of the States published<i>One Third of a Nation—A Report of the Commission on Minority Participation in Education and American Life</i>. These as well as other recent publications on the status of blacks are useful references for the study of the specific inequities that black Americans experience in areas such as education, medical services, housing, and employment opportunities. Most of these publications, however, examine no more than one or two aspects of the conditions that persistently burden the lives
Barriers to evidence based policy
Authors: D. Florin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Drug potency varies widely when different inhalation devices are used * Therefore, clinical effect, systemic activity, and cost effectiveness of treatment varies for the same drug if delivered by different devices Solutions * Prescribers must consider drug and device as single entity * Dose recommendation should define the device * Dose recommendations and estimates of cost effectiveness should relate to likely lung dose rather than nominal dose * Licensing should be restricted to specified combinations of drug and device
The treatment of bladder cancer in a mouse model by epigallocatechin-3-gallate-gold nanoparticles
Authors: Dar-Shih Hsieh, Hang Wang, Shan-Wen Tan, Yi-Huei Huang, Cheng-Yuh Tsai, Ming-Kung Yeh, Chang-Jer Wu
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
The Physical Aspects of Diagnostic Radiology
Authors: William B. Seaman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

As the foreword to this book states, there has been, for a long time, a serious need for a book devoted to the physics of diagnostic radiology. The diagnostic radiologist, faced with an increasing welter of complex, new equipment, needs a review of fundamental physical principles to understand and evaluate modern x-ray equipment. The author is particularly fitted for this role since he has been engaged in research in diagnostic radiology for many years and has made important, original contributions in this area. In addition, he has for many years been actively associated with a busy clinical department of radiology and is thus intimately acquainted with the problems facing clinical radiologists.  After a brief classification and definition of physical manifestations, the author discusses the origin and nature of x-rays and their interaction with matter; x-ray tubes and generators are described with clarity.  The production, recording, and modification of the x-ray
The Practice of Geriatrics
Authors: Don Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Publication of<i>The Practice of Geriatrics</i>raises several questions: How does a text on geriatric medicine differ from, say, one on internal medicine? What is the role of a shorter work (only 617 pages, compared with 1168 and 992 for the two others considered below)? And, finally, what are the strengths and weaknesses of this new book from Evan Calkins, MD, two coeditors, and 65 contributors? The editors anticipate these questions in the introduction, where it is stated that "... the structure and physiology of cells and organs of persons of advanced age are as different from those of a person of mid-life as an adult is different from a young child." One has only to digitalize, catheterize, or "surgerize" an elderly patient to learn the great truth of that statement. It is this emphasis on fragility, altered physiology, and rehabilitation that distinguishes works in geriatrics from those in many other
<sub>Predictive Testing for Huntingtons Disease with Use of a Linked DNA Marker</sub>
Authors: G J Meissen, R H Myers, C A Mastromauro, W J Koroshetz, K W Klinger, L A Farrer, P A Watkins, J F Gusella, E D Bird, J B Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

The probability of carrying the gene for Huntington's disease can in many cases be estimated in the children of affected persons by identifying a specific DNA marker that is genetically linked to the gene. We studied 47 persons at 50 percent risk of inheriting Huntington's disease who requested a presymptomatic or prenatal genetic-linkage test between September 1986 and January 1988. The participants were given pre-test counseling and psychological and neurologic evaluations. Nineteen persons later voluntarily withdrew from the protocol, including one who would have been excluded anyway, and one person was from a family that was too small to allow testing. Three D4S10 restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms produced by the HindIII, EcoRI, and Bg/I enzymes were used for all tests, and the probability that a subject was a Huntington's disease carrier was calculated. The accuracy of the test was compromised by a 4 percent recombination frequency between D4S10 and the Huntington's disease gene. Fifteen presymptomatic tests and one prenatal test were completed. Four yielded positive results, seven yielded negative results, and five were uninformative; seven persons are awaiting test results. All participants with positive tests experienced intermittent depression, but none required hospitalization, and no suicide threats were reported. Five participants received a diagnosis of Huntington's disease on the basis of the neurologic assessment. We conclude that some persons in the early stages of Huntington's disease may seek presymptomatic testing rather than neurologic evaluations.
The Electrophysiologic Time-Course of Acute Myocardial Ischemia and the Effects of Early Coronary Artery Reperfusion
Authors: JIMMY L. COX, THOMAS M. DANIEL, JOHN P. BOINEAU
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Bipolar potentials were recorded from intramural electrodes located within areas of acute myocardial ischemia in dogs. Alterations in bipolar potential electromotive force (EMF) and local activation times were measured at predetermined intervals up to 12 hours after coronary occlusion. Histochemical stains were used to correlate structural-biochemical changes with sites of electrophysiologic changes. In severely ischemic areas, bipolar potentials lost 50% of their preocclusion EMF within 30 min and 95% within six hours at which time all parameters stabilized. Lesser decreases in bipolar potential EMF were recorded in the peripheral areas of the infarct. Bipolar potential EMF increased at the junction of ischemic and normal myocardium. Activation time was delayed in ischemic areas but no correlation between the magnitude of delay and the degree of tissue ischemia could be established. Coronary reperfusion after 30 min, one hr, two hr and six hr of occlusion resulted in some return in bipolar potential EMF, decreasing as a function of duration between occlusion and reperfusion. Variation in the degree of ischemia of different zones of injury within an acute myocardial infarction, as well as a different response of those zones to the return of blood flow, was shown.
LATE STUDIES OF VENTILATION AND PERFUSION AND PULMONARY ALVEOLAR CAPILLARY FUNCTION IN PRIMATES AFTER HEART-LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Christoper G.A. McGregor, Axel Haverich, Stuart W. Jamieson, Bruce A. Reitz, Edward B. Stinson, Norman E. Shumway, I. Ross McDougall
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

To investigate the long-term effects of heart-lung transplantation on pulmonary function, five rhesus monkeys (two allotransplants and three autotransplants) surviving more than 4 years after heart-lung transplantation were studied. Ventilation perfusion seintigraphy was performed using 81m Krypton (81mKr) and 99m Technetium (99mTc), macroaggregated albumin early (mean 13 months) and late (mean 47.4 months) after transplantation. Pulmonary alveolar capillary membrane function was assessed late (mean 48 months) after transplantation and in five normal monkeys using the clearance (K) of an aerosol of 99MTc of DTPA (K = % decrease per minute). Chest x-rays in the transplanted animals at 4 years were normal in three and showed mild cardiomegaly in the two others. Early V/Q scan was normal in four animals and mildly abnormal in one animal. Late V/Q scan was normal in one animal; two animals had matched defects; one animal had a mismatched ventilation defect and the fifth a mismatched perfusion defect. There were no severe defects of ventilation or perfusion in any animal. DTPA clearance measured during self ventilation in the five animals four years after heart-lung transplantation was K = 1.2 ± 0.2 (M ± SEM) and was not significantly different from the normal animals 2.42 ± 0.7 or from published results in normal humans. Repeat DTPA clearance during artificial ventilation was K = 3.1 ± 0.5 (M ± SEM) in the transplanted animals which was statistically different from the non-ventilated results (P< 0.01). The results, demonstrating near normal pulmonary physiology after four years, offer encouragement for the pursuit of clinical heart-lung transplantation. Accelerated clearance of DTPA in artificially ventilated animals shows the normal range should be defined under identical conditions to the experimental method.
Pulmonary Lymphoid Neogenesis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Frédéric Perros, Peter Dorfmüller, David Montani, Hamida Hammad, Wim Waelput, Barbara Girerd, Nicolas Raymond, Olaf Mercier, Sacha Mussot, Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky, Marc Humbert, Bart N. Lambrecht
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) present circulating autoantibodies against vascular wall components. Pathogenic antibodies may be generated in tertiary (ectopic) lymphoid tissues (tLTs).Objectives: To assess the frequency of tLTs in IPAH lungs, as compared with control subjects and flow-induced PAH in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome, and to identify local mechanisms responsible for their formation, perpetuation, and function.Methods: tLT composition and structure were studied by multiple immunostainings. Cytokine/chemokine and growth factor expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and localized by immunofluorescence. The systemic mark of pulmonary lymphoid neogenesis was investigated by flow cytometry analyses of circulating lymphocytes.Measurements and Main Results: As opposed to lungs from control subjects and patients with Eisenmenger syndrome, IPAH lungs contained perivascular tLTs, comprising B- and T-cell areas with high endothelial venules and dendritic cells. Lymphocyte survival factors, such as IL-7 and platelet-derived growth factor-A, were expressed in tLTs as well as the lymphorganogenic cytokines/chemokines, lymphotoxin-α/-β, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, and CXCL13, which might explain the depletion of circulating CCR6+ and CXCR5+ lymphocytes. tLTs were connected with remodeled vessels via an ER-TR7+ stromal network and supplied by lymphatic channels. The presence of germinal center centroblasts, follicular dendritic cells, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, and IL-21+PD1+ follicular helper T cells in tLTs together with CD138+ plasma cell accumulation around remodeled vessels in areas of immunoglobulin deposition argued for local immunoglobulin class switching and ongoing production.Conclusions: We highlight the main features of lymphoid neogenesis specifically in the lungs of patients with IPAH, providing new evidence of immunological mechanisms in this severe condition.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SHOCK
Authors: Jane A. Russell, C. N. H. Long, Frank L. Engel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

The changes in the blood levels of amino nitrogen, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate were compared in eviscerate (liverless) rats and eviscerate rats subjected to hemorrhage, in order to establish the rôle of the peripheral tissues in the blood changes during shock. It was found that:— 1. The blood amino acids accumulate at a more rapid rate in the bled liverless rats than in the control liverless animals. 2. The blood sugar falls more rapidly in the liverless rat after hemorrhage, both in animals with intact suprarenal glands and those with enucleated suprarenal medullae. 3. The blood lactate and pyruvate rise slowly in the liverless rat, but maintain a constant relation to each other except terminally when convulsions occur. In the bled liverless rat both lactate and pyruvate increase much more rapidly than in the control liverless rat, and the lactate/pyruvate ratio also increases. These data are interpreted to indicate that a decrease in liver function during hemorrhagic shock serves to make apparent a considerable increase in peripheral protein catabolism and accentuates the effects of an increased carbohydrate utilization by the periphery. The lactate and pyruvate changes are determined chiefly by anoxia of the peripheral tissue and probably indicate an increasing predominance of anaerobic over aerobic metabolism of carbohydrate in muscle. The liver plays a negligible rôle in the lactate and pyruvate changes in shock.
Initiative aims to make London Europe's commercial centre for life sciences
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The mayor of London has launched a new initiative, designed to make the city pre-eminent in the commercialisation of the life sciences, not only in the United Kingdom but in Europe. Called MedCity, it will bring together the expertise of Imperial, University, and King’s colleges of the University of London with Oxford and Cambridge universities to create a “golden triangle” to help turn developments in bioscience into companies and jobs.

The mayor, Boris Johnson, never one to shy away from a historical analogy, compared the initiative to the coming together of the “virtuosi” who launched the scientific revolution in London in the 17th century, meeting in coffee shops and setting up the Royal Society. In recent years, he argued at a launch at Imperial College’s Hammersmith campus, London had not been as successful as some …
Agrin orchestrates synaptic differentiation at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction
Authors: Markus A. Ruegg, John L. Bixby
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1998)

The synapse is a key structure that is involved in perception, learning and memory. Understanding the sequence of steps that is involved in establishing synapses during development might also help to understand mechanisms that cause changes in synapses during learning and memory. For practical reasons, most of our current knowledge of synapse development is derived from studies of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that motor axons release the molecule agrin to induce the formation of the postsynaptic apparatus in muscle fibers. Recent advances implicate proteins such as dystroglycan, MuSK, and rapsyn in the transduction of agrin signals. Recently, additional functions of agrin have been discovered, including the upregulation of gene transcription in myonuclei and the control of presynaptic differentiation. Agrin therefore appears to play a unique role in controlling synaptic differentiation on both sides of the NMJ.