tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Large Thymic Tumor Simulating Pericardial Effusion
Authors: ARTHUR BERNSTEIN, EMANUEL KLOSK, FRANKLIN SIMON, HENRY A. BRODKIN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

A case of a 20 year old man with a large thymic tumor simulating a pericardial effusion is reported. This tumor, by its position, size and "fluidity," mimicked a pericardial effusion so well that it was only at surgery that a definitive diagnosis could be made. Upon removal of the mass recovery has been complete.
1083. Crosslinked PEI Polyplexes for Light-Triggered DNA Release
Authors: Rachel G. Handwerger, Moon-Suk Kim, Scott L. Diamond
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Viruses protect their genome and after endosome escape can disassemble to release their genetic contents. These two functions of protection and triggered-release are competing functionalities that have been difficult to engineer into nonviral transfection reagents. In order to mimic viral condensation of DNA, packaging and protection, and triggered release, we have designed a novel photolabile monomer, P25M, for plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery. P25M was synthesized via a 6-step reaction scheme and consists of three functional domains: 1) a cationic domain of 25 kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) to electrostatically condense the pDNA; 2) a polymerizable domain (a methacrylamide moiety) for crosslinking the pDNA within the polyplex; and 3) a photolabile nitrobenzyl domain for triggered release by 365 nm light (Fig. 1). The formation of P25M was verified through 1H NMR. In addition to establishing the chemical structure, the functionality of each domain was verified. HPLC studies showed that upon exposure to 365 nm light (time = 4 min, distance = 20 cm), P25M (retention time = 0.99 min) was cleaved into two products (retention time = 0.34 and 1.85 min). Similar results were also found after P25M had been polymerized with VA-044, an azo-initiator. Agarose gels confirmed that P25M, essentially a modified PEI, condensed pDNA when the N/P ratio was ≥ 4. Dynamic light scattering confirmed that these polyplexes were suitable for in vitro transfection (polyplex diameter < 500 nm) both before and after polymerization with VA-044 and overnight incubation in 150 mM NaCl. Finally, heparin challenge with agarose gels confirmed that once polymerized, the polyplexes retained the pDNA. This was true for three different polymerizing agents, VA-044, ammonium persulfate, and Grubb's 2nd generation catalyst. Unpolymerized polyplexes were unable to resist pDNA release in the heparin challenge. Preliminary transfection experiments showed that the polyplexes were able to transfect two different cell lines (BAEC and CHO-K1). The goal of this work is to create vehicles for spatial, temporal, and metered delivery of DNA.
Can Ventilation–Feedback Training Augment Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
Authors: Eileen G. Collins, W. Edwin Langbein, Linda Fehr, Susan O'Connell, Christine Jelinek, Eileen Hagarty, Lonnie Edwards, Domenic Reda, Martin J. Tobin, Franco Laghi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Exercise-induced dynamic hyperinflation contributes to decreased exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is unknown whether respiratory retraining (ventilation–feedback [VF] training) can affect exercise-induced dynamic hyperinflation and increase exercise tolerance.Objectives: To determine whether patients with COPD would achieve longer exercise duration if randomized to a combination of exercise training plus VF training than either form of training on its own.Methods: A total of 64 patients randomized to 1 of 3 groups: VF plus exercise (n = 22), exercise alone (n = 20), and VF alone (n = 22).Measurements and Main Results: Exercise duration before and after 36 training sessions and exercise-induced dynamic hyperinflation and respiratory pattern before and after training were measured. In the 49 patients who completed training, duration of constant work-rate exercise was 40.0 (± 20.4) minutes (mean ± SD) with VF plus exercise, 31.5 (± 17.3) minutes with exercise alone, and 16.1 (± 19.3) minutes with VF alone. Exercise duration was longer in VF plus exercise than in VF alone (P < 0.0001), but did not reach predetermined statistical significance when VF plus exercise was compared with exercise alone (P = 0.022) (because of multiple comparisons, P ⩽ 0.0167 was used for statistical significance). After training, exercise-induced dynamic hyperinflation, measured at isotime, in VF plus exercise was less than in exercise alone (P = 0.014 for between-group changes) and less than in VF alone (P = 0.019 for between-group changes). After training, expiratory time was longer in VF plus exercise training (P < 0.001), and it was not significantly changed in the other two groups.Conclusions: The combination of VF plus exercise training decreases exercise-induced dynamic hyperinflation and increases exercise duration more than VF alone. An additive effect to exercise training from VF was not demonstrated by predetermined statistical criteria.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00037973).
SOFT PARTS DYSTOCIA
Authors: J. P. GREENHILL
Journal: JAMA (1942)

By soft parts dystocia is meant abnormal or pathologic labor due to the soft parts of the pelvis in contradistinction to difficulties encountered because of the bony pelvis. The soft parts include the vulva, perineum, vagina, cervix, uterus, adnexa, rectum and bladder. Anomalies of any one of these structures may result in dystocia. The soft parts are much more frequently the cause of troublesome labor than the bony pelvis.  It is manifestly impossible to discuss all the disturbances of the soft parts which can give rise to abnormal labor; hence I shall limit my remarks to the important ones.  THE VULVA  The vulva is rarely the cause of dystocia, and, when it is, the pathologic condition is generally high grade edema. The latter is usually due either to toxemia or to prolonged labor with considerable vaginal manipulation, but it may be due to lymphogranuloma. Rarely the vulva may be seriously
Ankyrin‐linked hereditary spherocytosis in an African–American kindred
Authors: Jose Sangerman, Yelena Maksimova, E. Jennifer Edelman, Jon S. Morrow, Bernard G. Forget, Patrick G. Gallagher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Mutations of ankyrin-1 are the most frequent cause of the inherited hemolytic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis (HS), in people of European ancestry. Ankyrin-1, which provides the primary linkage between the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and the plasma membrane, has numerous isoforms generated by alternative splicing, alternate polyadenylation, use of tissue-specific promoters, and alternate NH(2) or COOH-termini. Mutation detection in erythrocyte membrane protein genes, including ankyrin, has been a challenge, primarily due to the large size of these genes, and the apparent frequent occurrence of HS-associated null alleles. Using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), we screened the ankyrin gene of the proband of a large, three generation African-American kindred with ankyrin-deficient HS. DHPLC yielded an abnormal chromatogram for exon 1. Examination of the corresponding exon 1 sequence in genomic DNA from the proband revealed heterozygosity for a mutation of the initiator methionine (ATG to ATA Met 1 Ile). Coupled in vitrotranscription/translation studies with rabbit reticulocyte lysates demonstrated that the wild-type ankyrin erythroid cDNA initiates only from the known initiator methionine, indicating that the use of alternate initiator methionine is not a mechanism of isoform diversity in erythroid cells. The mutant ankyrin allele, unlike some initiator methionine mutations that utilize downstream codons for translation initiation, was associated with a null allele. This is the first report describing ankyrin-linked HS in an African-American kindred.
Wilms' Tumor-Reply
Authors: Kenneth Kenigsberg
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The contralateral "organ" was a normal kidney by inspection as well as palpation. It seemed probable that it would maintain normal excretion without difficulty. There was, however, some concern that there might be a second Wilms' tumor not revealed by operative examination. Had a postoperative intravenous pyelogram shown a tumor in the remaining kidney, a partial nephrectomy would have been carried out at a second operation. In view of the wide dissemination of the known tumor, it seemed reasonable to postpone the roentgenographic search for a possible convert tumor. Furthermore, this child had lost nearly his entire blood volume via the necrotic, traumatized tumor. It is unlikely that this bleeding could have been stopped even temporarily without removing the kidney.
Review: Clinical pathways reduce in-hospital complications but not in-hospital mortality or readmissions
Authors: Salvador Cruz-Flores
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Rotter T, Kinsman L, James E, et al. Clinical pathways: effects on professional practice, patient outcomes, length of stay and hospital costs. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010(3):CD006632. [20238347]
Doing Today's Work Superbly Well — Treating Ebola with Current Tools
Authors: François Lamontagne, Christophe Clément, Thomas Fletcher, Shevin T. Jacob, William A. Fischer, Robert A. Fowler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

It's possible to save many patients who have Ebola virus disease, since supportive care is also specific care for EVD and in all likelihood reduces mortality. Yet many patients in West Africa continue to die for lack of the opportunity to receive such basic care.
Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Peter S. Hammerman, Pasi A. Jänne, Bruce E. Johnson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Gefitinib and erlotinib are ATP competitive inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase and are approved around the world for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Somatic mutations in the EGFR are found in 10 to 40% of patients with NSCLC. Patients with sensitizing somatic mutations of EGFR treated with gefitinib or erlotinib have an initial clinical response of 60 to 80%, approximately twice as high as the responses associated with the administration of conventional platinum-based chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is limited by either primary (de novo) or acquired resistance after therapy and investigations to define the mechanisms of resistance are active areas of ongoing preclinical and clinical studies. Primary resistance is typically caused by other somatic mutations in genes such as KRAS, which also have an impact on the EGFR signaling pathway or by mutations in the EGFR gene that are not associated with sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. Two established mechanisms of acquired resistance are caused by additional mutations in the EGFR gene acquired during the course of treatment that change the protein-coding sequence or by amplification of another oncogene signaling pathway driven by the MET oncogene. This review focuses on characterized mechanisms of resistance to the EGFR TKIs and efforts to overcome the problem of resistance aimed at improving the therapy of patients with NSCLC. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7502-9).
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Vesicoureteral Reflux — Answers, Yet Questions
Authors: Julie R. Ingelfinger, F. Bruder Stapleton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Vesicoureteral reflux, the retrograde flow of bladder urine into the ureter, is common in young children with urinary tract infections and is associated with renal scarring. Reflux is generally discovered when a voiding cystourethrogram is obtained after a urinary tract infection and is categorized as grade I (retrograde flow of urine into the ureter alone) to grade V (massive reflux into a distorted ureter and calyceal system). After an observational study by Edwards et al.1 showed that vesicoureteral reflux improved or resolved with long-term, low-dose antibiotic treatment to prevent infection, such treatment gained popularity. Nearly four decades later, we still . . .
Contribution of 30 Biomarkers to 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk Estimation in 2 Population Cohorts
Authors: Stefan Blankenberg, Tanja Zeller, Olli Saarela, Aki S. Havulinna, Frank Kee, Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, Kari Kuulasmaa, John Yarnell, Renate B. Schnabel, Philipp S. Wild, Thomas F. Münzel, Karl J. Lackner, Laurence Tiret, Alun Evans, Veikko Salomaa
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Cardiovascular risk estimation by novel biomarkers needs assessment in disease-free population cohorts, followed up for incident cardiovascular events, assaying the serum and plasma archived at baseline. We report results from 2 cohorts in such a continuing study.Thirty novel biomarkers from different pathophysiological pathways were evaluated in 7915 men and women of the FINRISK97 population cohort with 538 incident cardiovascular events at 10 years (fatal or nonfatal coronary or stroke events), from which a biomarker score was developed and then validated in the 2551 men of the Belfast Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) cohort (260 events). No single biomarker consistently improved risk estimation in FINRISK97 men and FINRISK97 women and the Belfast PRIME Men cohort after allowing for confounding factors; however, the strongest associations (with hazard ratio per SD in FINRISK97 men) were found for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1.23), C-reactive protein (1.23), B-type natriuretic peptide (1.19), and sensitive troponin I (1.18). A biomarker score was developed from the FINRISK97 cohort with the use of regression coefficients and lasso methods, with selection of troponin I, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Adding this score to a conventional risk factor model in the Belfast PRIME Men cohort validated it by improved c-statistics (P=0.004) and integrated discrimination (P<0.0001) and led to significant reclassification of individuals into risk categories (P=0.0008).The addition of a biomarker score including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, and sensitive troponin I to a conventional risk model improved 10-year risk estimation for cardiovascular events in 2 middle-aged European populations. Further validation is needed in other populations and age groups.
A CASE OF KAPOSI'S VARICELLIFORM ERUPTION (SYSTEMIC HERPES SIMPLEX) WITH DENDRITIC ULCERATION OF THE CORNEA
Authors: R. VARLEY, T. KLETZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1949)

Journal Article A CASE OF KAPOSI'S VARICELLIFORM ERUPTION (SYSTEMIC HERPES SIMPLEX) WITH DENDRITIC ULCERATION OF THE CORNEA Get access R. VARLEY, M.D., R. VARLEY, M.D. Skin Department, General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. KLETZ, D.O.M.S. T. KLETZ, D.O.M.S. Ophthalmic Department, General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 61, Issue 5, 1 May 1949, Pages 166–170, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1949.tb11076.x Published: 01 May 1949
In Vitro Mutagenicity Assays of Chemical Carcinogens and Related Compounds With &lt;italic&gt;Salmonella typhimurium&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: V F Simmon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The mutagenic activity of 101 chemicals was studied with the use of the Salmonella typhimurium-microsome system described by Ames. The tester strains were TA1535, TA1536, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100. Assays were conducted in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system prepared from the livers of randomly bred Sprague-Dawley rats that had been pretreated with Aroclor 1254. The test chemicals were incorporated into the agar with bacteria and the metabolic activation system. Mutagens were defined as chemicals that induced a reproducible dose-related increase in the number of histidine-independent revertants. With the use of these procedures, 65% of the organic carcinogens and 25% of the noncarcinogens were found to be mutagenic.
Alteration of intracellular Ca2+-handling and receptor regulation in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy: insights from Ren2-transgenic rats
Authors: O Zolk
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Abnormal intracellular Ca2(+)-handling appears to be a major cause of systolic and diastolic dysfunction in animals and humans with cardiac hypertrophy due to pressure overload and heart failure. However, the precise mechanisms which cause alteration of Ca2(+)-handling remain unclear. Several lines of evidence suggest that activation of neurohormonal systems may play a central role. In particular, widespread awareness of the importance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has occurred since experimental and clinical studies have detailed the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. To evaluate in vivo the role of activated RAS in the regulation of (a) cardiac receptor expression and signal transduction mechanisms and (b) Ca2+ homeostasis, transgenic TG(mREN2)27 rats harbouring the murine renin Ren2d gene were chosen. These animals develop fulminant hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy at an early age despite low levels of renin in the plasma. High expression of the transgene in the vasculature and the heart is associated with increased local formation of angiotensin II. In the Ren2-transgenic model alterations of beta-adrenergic neuroeffector mechanisms, Ca2(+)-handling and alpha-adrenergic signal transduction are observed which are very similar to those observed in the myocardium of patients with end-stage heart failure. Moreover, treatment with specific inhibitors of the RAS, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II-receptor antagonists, largely reversed these defects. Studies on TG(mREN2)27 rats may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive heart disease and mechanisms which promote disease progression to end-stage heart failure and also may have important implications with regard to therapeutics of heart failure in man.
Prospective double-blind comparison of buprenorphine and pethidine in ureteric colic.
Authors: I G Finlay, R Scott, C S McArdle
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In a double-blind prospective trial 26 consecutive patients with proved ureteric colic were allocated at random to receive 100 mg pethidine or 0.3 mg buprenorphine by intramuscular injection. Pain relief was assessed by standard linear analogue and ordered categories scales. The mean pain relief on the linear analogue scale was 3.80 +/- SEM 0.64 in patients receiving pethidine and 6.86 +/- 0.40 in those receiving buprenorphine (p less than 0.001). The corresponding values for mean pain relief in the ordered categories scale was 1.78 +/- 0.26 v 2.76 +/- 0.20 (p less than 0.01). These observations suggest that buprenorphine is superior to pethidine as analgesia in ureteric colic.
Spinal abscess and mitral valve endocarditis secondary to asymptomatic fusobacterium-induced dental abscess
Authors: S I Goolamali, M T Carulli, U M Davies
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Fusobacterium nucleatum is an anaerobic bacillus of oropharyngeal origin.We describe a case of two manifestations of fusobacterium-induced sepsis originating from an asymptomatic dental root abscess. CASE HISTORYA 63-year-old Caucasian man presented to the accident and emergency department with a 2-week history of night sweats, anorexia, 6 kg weight loss and lumbo-sacral back pain radiating to the right buttock and thigh.In addition, he had been intermittently confused and drowsy over the previous 48 hours.Other than gout and osteoarthritis there was no significant past medical history.On examination, he was apyrexial but tachycardic, with normal cardiac sounds and no peripheral stigmata of infective endocarditis.There was no focal spinal tenderness or nuchal rigidity and neurological examination was normal apart from significantly diminished straight leg raise on the right.Laboratory tests showed raised inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] 402 mg/L, normal range [NR]510; erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] 84 mm in first hour), leucocytosis, (total white cell count [WCC] 27.5 with neutrophils 23.1Â10 9 /L) and deranged liver function (alkaline phosphatase 282 IU/L, NR5125; AST 53 IU/L, NR540; LDH 225 IU/L, NR5180).Serial blood cultures, myeloma screen, tumour markers, X-ray of the chest and lumbo-sacral spine, abdominal ultrasound and electrocardiogram were negative or normal.Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine showed discitis of L4/L5.This disc was subsequently aspirated under computed tomography guidance prior to commencement of empirical antibiotic therapy with intravenous flucloxacillin and oral Fucidin (sodium fusidate).
Smoke screen: Indian film and television's anti-tobacco obsession
Authors: Balaji Ravichandran
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Since 2011 under Indian law broadcasts and films that show tobacco use must include health messages as flashing subtitles for the duration of the scene, with announcements before, during, and after. But, asks <b>Balaji Ravichandran</b>, does this deter would-be smokers?
GENDER BASED DIFFERENCES IN LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR SIZE AND FUNCTION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MITRAL VALVE SURGERY.
Authors: Karolina M. Zareba, Robert O. Bonow, Asim Ansari, Jyothy Puthumana, Venkatesh Y. Anjan, Brittany R. Lapin, Nausheen Akhter, Patrick M. McCarthy, Vera H. Rigolin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Plantar Fascia Thickness, a Measure of Tissue Glycation, Predicts the Development of Complications in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Maria E. Craig, Anthony C. Duffin, Patricia H. Gallego, Albert Lam, Janine Cusumano, Stephen Hing, Kim C Donaghue
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Direct measurement of collagen glycation requires skin biopsy, which is invasive. We hypothesized that measurement of plantar fascia thickness (PFT) by ultrasound is an alternative index of tissue glycation and a marker of microvascular disease.This was a prospective longitudinal study of microvascular complications in 344 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, whose PFT was assessed by ultrasound at baseline. Retinopathy was assessed by seven-field fundal photography, albumin excretion rate (AER) measured from three consecutive timed overnight urine specimens, autonomic neuropathy by pupillometry and cardiovascular tests, and peripheral neuropathy by vibration and thermal thresholds. Longitudinal analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations with baseline PFT, duration, and A1C as explanatory variables.At first assessment, median (interquartile range) age was 15.1 (13.5-17.2) years and diabetes duration was 8.5 (6.0-11.5) years. Median follow up was 3.2 (2.1-4.5) years with a median of 4 (2-13) complications assessments per patient. In multivariate analysis, baseline PFT (abnormal in 132 subjects, 38%) predicted subsequent development of retinopathy (odds ratio 2.4 [95% CI 1.1-5.0]), elevated AER (2.24 [1.05-5.11]), peripheral neuropathy (2.3 [1.2-4.41]), and autonomic neuropathy (4.94 [2.46-9.91]). Limited joint mobility was present in only 4%.PFT is a significant predictor of the subsequent development of complications in type 1 diabetes, suggesting that glycation and oxidation of collagen in soft tissues may be independent risk factors for microvascular complications.