tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DOUBLE INGUINAL HERNIA UPON THE SAME SIDE: ILLUSTRATION.
Authors: CHAS. C. ALLISON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In his excellent monograph on the anatomy and pathology of the rarer forms of hernia, Moynihan<sup>1</sup>very accurately defines the different types of bilocular hernia. The essential feature of both the properitoneal and the interstitial protrusions is that the loculi have a common neck, osteum abdominale. In the properitoneal the inner loculus lies between the serosa and the fascia transversalis, the outer usually occupying the ring or canal, while in the interstitial the upper loculus may be interor extra-parietal, and the lower in the inguinal canal, the loculi having a common outlet to the abdominal cavity. The presence of two distinct hernial sacs, the one opening into the abdomen at the internal ring, the other having a distinct neck at the external ring, that is to say, the presence of both the direct and the indirect forms in a hernia on the same side is, so far as I
HCVRNA increase during antiretroviral treatment (ART) induced HIVRNA rapid phase decline: An evidence of virus-virus interaction?
Authors: M. Puoti, F. Gargiulo, E. Quiros-Roldan, A. Chiodera, L. Palvarini, S. Zaltron, V. Putzolu, B. Zanini, A. Spinetti, G. Carosi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Arthritis Associated with Apatite Crystals
Authors: H. RALPH SCHUMACHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Needle-shaped crystals of 75 to 250 Å diameter have been identified by transmission electron microscopy in clumps within synovial fluid mononuclear cell vacuoles in a variety of joint diseases. These crystals, similar to those previously associated with calcific periarthritis, were seen in acute undiagnosed arthritis and in exacerbations of osteoarthritis where they may be inducing a synovitis similar to that seen with urate and pyrophosphate crystals in gout and pseudogout. By light microscopy purple staining cytoplasmic inclusions or extracellular globules can suggest the presence of clumps of these crystals. Apatite clumps can also occasionally appear as small birefringent chunks or rods and thus might mimic urate or calcium pyrophosphate. Ultrastructural appearance, electron probe analysis, and X-ray diffraction pattern were those of apatite. Experimental injection of hydroxyapatite crystals into dog knee joints produces inflammation supporting the potential role for these crystals in joint disease.
Safer discharge from intensive care to hospital wards
Authors: K. McPherson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Papers p 1274

Intensive care in the United Kingdom is certainly underprovided relative to many developed counties. The United States spends over 1% of its gross national product on providing intensive care, while Britain spends around 0.05%—possibly twentyfold less.1 But intensive care remains largely outside the evidence based paradigm—apparently for ethical reasons. Judging the appropriateness of intensive care provision still depends solely on apparent unmet need and observed associations of prognostic indicators with mortality. This week's BMJ sees another such study.2

It seems too easy to claim benefit in intensive care on the basis of biological plausibility and observational comparison alone. For example, a recent Cochrane overview of 30 trials on the effect of intravenous albumin for acute renal failure,3 which showed significant harm, was dismissed by some enthusiasts.4 The writings of respected and dispassionate authors who have held intensive care to be immune from randomisation do not help this apparent impasse. 5 6 In the absence of any rigorous measurement of attributable effect, intensive care will continue to be provided on the basis of evidence that is unacceptable in other areas of health enhancement. With 21st century medical technology …
Transgenic and knockout mouse models of atrial arrhythmias
Authors: J Olgin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

While much has been learned about atrial fibrillation from large animal models, many of these studies are correlative. Genetically-altered mouse models have provided much information about such genetic diseases as the long QT syndrome, but have to date not been utilized much to study atrial fibrillation. The ability to study the importance of a single gene product in pathophysiology make this a potentially powerful tool to understand the causal relationship of several proteins and the substrate for atrial fibrillation. In this manuscript we review the techniques available to study atrial electrophysiology and some of the genetically-altered mouse models that have implications for atrial fibrillation.
Usefulness of Maximal Exercise-Corrected QT as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comparison of Simpler Heart Rate Corrections
Authors: Aydın Akyüz, Şeref Alpsoy, Dursun Çayan Akkoyun, Hasan Değirmenci, Niyazi Güler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Significance of serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels in patients with hepatic failure
Authors: Tomoaki Tomiya, Sumiko Nagoshi, Kenji Fujiwara
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels were measured using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in patients with liver diseases. Serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels were increased in correlation with derangements of prothrombin time, total bilirubin and other parameters reflecting hepatocellular dysfunction in 112 patients with chronic liver disease. The levels were positively correlated with serum AST and ALT levels in 59 of these patients whose prothrombin times were within the normal range. Abnormally increased serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels were found in 100% of the determinations in 16 patients with fulminant hepatic failure and in 80% of the determinations in 16 patients with chronic hepatic failure. The levels greater than 1 ng/ml, however, were found in 94% of determinations in the former group, but only in 16% of the determinations in the latter group. This difference was seen irrespective of prothrombin time or hepatic coma grades. In patients with fulminant hepatic failure serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels were increased immediately after plasma exchange using heparin as the anticoagulant in 71% of the determinations. This increase disappeared 12 hr after discontinuation of plasma exchange. In 17 of 39 patients with chronic renal failure who had no liver disease, serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels were abnormally increased before hemodialysis using heparin, and the levels were elevated immediately after hemodialysis in all the patients. The increase of serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels in hepatic failure may be the result of hepatocellular dysfunction and necrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE LINGUAL APPLICATION OF IODINE AS A PROPHYLACTIC IN CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS AND INFLUENZA
Authors: J. A. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1921)

THB treatment of cerebro-spinal meningitis by the application of iodine to the tongue led me to try it also in this manner as a prophylactic for the same disease, and for influenza during the epidemic in the Mbarara and Kigezi districts, Uganda, in 1918-19.In both diseases the site of infection appears to be the respiratory passages, possibly most frequently the pharyngeal tonsils, and my assumption was that the iodine would to some extent cause disinfection of tlhe mouth, throat, and tonsils, and thus prevent or reduce the intensity of the disease.Moreover, the iodine increases the flow of saliva which in itself is prohibitive to the growth of the organisms, and a four-fold action is thus brouglht into force:1.The local disinfectant action on application near the site of infection.2; The action of the increased flow of saliva.3. The action of the iodine after absorption.4. The excretion of the iodine in the saliva and respiratory passages again acting as a disinfectant.
INTERIM RESULTS USING TARGETED BIOLOGIC INHIBITION IN CHILDREN WITH MULTIVESSEL INTRALUMINAL PULMONARY VEIN STENOSIS TO ARREST MYOFIBROBLASTS ACTIVITY
Authors: Sowmya Balasubramanian, Mark W. Kieran, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Christopher Baird, Muneeb Muhammad, Kerry McEnaney, Bethany Trainor, Maliha Rehman, Laureen Sena, Steven Colan, Kathy Jenkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Thienopyridine derivatives as risk factors for bleeding following high risk endoscopic treatments: Safe Treatment on Antiplatelets (STRAP) study
Authors: Satoshi Ono, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro, Naohiro Yoshida, Hisashi Doyama, Toshiro Kamoshida, Shinji Hirai, Teruhito Kishihara, Yorimasa Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Sakae, Atsushi Imagawa, Masaaki Hirano, Kazuhiko Koike
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>The optimal method of perioperative management of antiplatelet agents during endoscopic procedures that carry a high risk of bleeding is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of continuing aspirin treatment during these procedures in an Asian population. <b>Patients and methods: </b>A multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study was conducted at six high volume endoscopy centers in Japan. The study included patients at high risk of thromboembolism who were regularly taking antiplatelet agents (e. g. thienopyridine derivatives and aspirin). Enrolled patients continued their aspirin therapy, and underwent endoscopic procedures that had a high risk of bleeding for treatment of lesions in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. The primary end point was the rate of major bleeding complications after endoscopic procedures. <b>Results: </b>The study was terminated in accordance with predetermined safety criteria because 7 of 28 consecutive patients experienced major bleeding complications (25.0 %; 95 % confidence interval 10.7 % – 44.9 %). All major bleeding complications occurred following endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD; 6 stomach, 1 colon). Univariate analysis showed that postoperative administration of thienopyridine derivatives was the only significant factor associated with postoperative bleeding (<i>P</i> = 0.01). Subanalysis of gastric ESD (23 lesions in 19 patients) confirmed that the administration of thienopyridine derivatives (<i>P</i> = 0.01) and that of multiple agents (<i>P</i> = 0.02) were the significant factors. All bleeding complications (postoperative day 11.2 ± 3.5) occurred after resuming thienopyridine derivative therapy postoperatively (postoperative day 2.3 ± 2.4). <b>Conclusion: </b>In Asian patients taking thienopyridine derivatives with aspirin, cautious postoperative care is necessary for those undergoing endoscopic procedures that are associated with a high risk of bleeding, especially gastric ESD. Continuation of aspirin alone during these endoscopic procedures may be acceptable. Study registration: UMIN000009176.
Postoperative deep vein thrombosis: identifying high-risk patients.
Authors: A J Crandon, K R Peel, J A Anderson, V Thompson, G P McNicol
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A prospective study was carried out to confirm the validity of a predictive index for patients at risk of developing deep vein thrombosis. The index, which correctly identified nine out of 10 patients and incorrectly identified seven out of 52 patients as being at risk, is based on five variable--namely, the euglobulin lysis time, serum concentration of fibrin-related antigen, age, percentage overweight for height, and presence of varicose veins. Thus a population of patients at particularly high risk of developing postoperative deep vein thrombosis may be identified preoperatively by means of this index, so that prophylaxis may be used more rationally.
N-acetylcysteine inhibits muscle fatigue in humans.
Authors: M B Reid, D S Stokić, S M Koch, F A Khawli, A A Leis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a nonspecific antioxidant that selectively inhibits acute fatigue of rodent skeletal muscle stimulated at low (but not high) tetanic frequencies and that decreases contractile function of unfatigued muscle in a dose-dependent manner. The present experiments test the hypothesis that NAC pretreatment can inhibit acute muscular fatigue in humans. Healthy volunteers were studied on two occasions each. Subjects were pretreated with NAC 150 mg/kg or 5% dextrose in water by intravenous infusion. The subject then sat in a chair with surface electrodes positioned over the motor point of tibialis anterior, an ankle dorsiflexor of mixed-fiber composition. The muscle was stimulated to contract electrically (40-55 mA, 0.2-ms pulses) and force production was measured. Function of the unfatigued muscle was assessed by measuring the forces produced during maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of ankle dorsiflexor muscle groups and during electrical stimulation of tibialis anterior at 1, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 Hz (protocol 1). Fatigue was produced using repetitive tetanic stimulations at 10 Hz (protocol 1) or 40 Hz (protocol 2); intermittent stimulations subsequently were used to monitor recovery from fatigue. The contralateral leg then was studied using the same protocol. Pretreatment with NAC did not alter the function of unfatigued muscle; MVC performance and the force-frequency relationship of tibialis anterior were unchanged. During fatiguing contractions stimulated at 10 Hz, NAC increased force output by approximately 15% (P < 0.0001), an effect that was evident after 3 min of repetitive contraction (P < 0.0125) and persisted throughout the 30-min protocol. NAC had no effect on fatigue induced using 40 Hz stimuli or on recovery from fatigue. N-acetylcysteine pretreatment can improve performance of human limb muscle during fatiguing exercise, suggesting that oxidative stress plays a causal role in the fatigue process and identifying antioxidant therapy as a novel intervention that may be useful clinically.
Equitable Selection of Kidney Recipients-Reply
Authors: Thomas E. Starzl
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The paradox discussed by Mr Young would require recalculation of the priority score after removal of the top candidate from the list, even though the second kidney is from the same donor. This is not what is done in practice. Instead, the first and second choices are made only once, from the same statistical "run." The double calculation could be done, but whether the addition of an extra step in an already complex process would be justified can be questioned. Incidentally, it is not possible, as was asserted by Mr Young, to accumulate enough waiting time to override all other factors. On the other hand, it is reasonable, as was mentioned by Mr Young, to debate how much credit should be given to waiting time as opposed to the question of tissue matching, which is the other principal determinant of choice at the present time. An adjustment in
Evidence That Some Patients with Pernicious Anemia Are Not Recognized by Radiodilution Assay for Cobalamin in Serum
Authors: Bernard A. Cooper, V. Michael Whitehead
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

FOR the past 25 years, serum levels of cobalamin (vitamin B12) have been determined reliably by means of microbiologic assays. These procedures, however, are time consuming and have been available in only a limited number of institutions. The development of radiodilution assays for measuring the serum cobalamin level has met the need for a rapid and simple method and has made this determination generally available. Undoubtedly, the majority of serum cobalamin levels determined on patients at present use one of the radiodilution assays.Radiodilution assays involve extraction of bound cobalamin from a sample of serum, its conversion to . . .
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Use Among Older Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Maggie Moore
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infantile methemoglobinemia: reexamining the role of drinking water nitrates.
Authors: A A Avery
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Ingestion of nitrates in drinking water has long been thought to be a primary cause of acquired infantile methemoglobinemia, often called blue baby syndrome. However, recent research and a review of historical cases offer a more complex picture of the causes of infantile methemoglobinemia. Gastrointestinal infection and inflammation and the ensuing overproduction of nitric oxide may be the cause of many cases of infantile methemoglobinemia previously attributed to drinking water nitrates. If so, current limits on allowable levels of nitrates in drinking water, which are based solely on the health threat of infantile methemoglobinemia, may be unnecessarily strict.
Cholestatic jaundice in the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome: a case report.
Authors: G Jeffrey, C C Kibbler, R Baillod, K Farrington, M Y Morgan
Journal: Gut (1985)

The haemolytic-uraemic syndrome is the term used to describe the symptom complex of acute oliguric renal failure, haemolysis, and thrombocytopaenia. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is unknown though several factors have been postulated as important. Gastrointestinal disease is now recognised as a regular feature of the syndrome but hepatic involvement is uncommon and limited to occasional jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly and rises in serum transaminase values. A patient is described in whom cholestatic jaundice occurred during the prodromal illness. Its presence is unexplained but might indicate infection with an unrecognised hepatotropic agent or else lack of enteral nutrition during the prodromal phase.
Blood Flow During REM
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human and rat beta cells differ in glucose transporter but not in glucokinase gene expression.
Authors: A De Vos, H Heimberg, E Quartier, P Huypens, L Bouwens, D Pipeleers, F Schuit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Glucose homeostasis is controlled by a glucose sensor in pancreatic beta-cells. Studies on rodent beta-cells have suggested a role for GLUT2 and glucokinase in this control function and in mechanisms leading to diabetes. Little direct evidence exists so far to implicate these two proteins in glucose recognition by human beta-cells. The present in vitro study investigates the role of glucose transport and phosphorylation in beta-cell preparations from nondiabetic human pancreata. Human beta-cells differ from rodent beta-cells in glucose transporter gene expression (predominantly GLUT1 instead of GLUT2), explaining their low Km (3 mmol/liter) and low VMAX (3 mmol/min per liter) for 3-O-methyl glucose transport. The 100-fold lower GLUT2 abundance in human versus rat beta-cells is associated with a 10-fold slower uptake of alloxan, explaining their resistance to this rodent diabetogenic agent. Human and rat beta-cells exhibit comparable glucokinase expression with similar flux-generating influence on total glucose utilization. These data underline the importance of glucokinase but not of GLUT2 in the glucose sensor of human beta-cells.
NEW DRUGS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THERAPEUTICS
Authors: Isaac Starr
Journal: JAMA (1960)

ON page 2060 of this issue, under the captioned heading, the A. M. A. Council on Drugs is instituting a new feature ofThe Journal. For over 53 years, the Council on Drugs, formerly called the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, has provided scholarly and impartial monographs designed to acquaint the medical profession with the properties, action, dangers, and usefulness of drugs recently introduced. Published at frequent intervals in the Council's column in this Journal, these monographs also appeared in the Council's annual publication, "New and Nonofficial Drugs" (N. N. D.). The Council has every right to be proud of its accomplishment, which has won wide recognition both here and abroad. Indeed, over the years, more copies of N. N. D. and of its predecessor, N. N. R., have been sold than of any other book concerned with therapeutics. Nevertheless, it has become evident that the majority of practicing physicians