tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: R Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Results from a workshop conference held in Wiesbaden in May 1991 are published here.The 47 reviews provide a comprehensive update of the biochemistry, physiology, and morphology of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage, and also touch on selected aspects of bone biochemistry, animal models, experimental pharmacology, and clinical areas relating to osteoarthritis.Edited discussion occurs after each review and the final section comprises one to two page abstracts of more focused work presented at the meeting.The editors and Raven Press are to be congratulated on producing this volume, with over 200 contributing authors, so soon after the meeting.Leading centres in osteoarthritis research from many countries are represented, and despite inevitable variability the standard of most of these well referenced reviews is high.Despite its 800 page thickness, the quality of production and the liberal interspersing with illustrations, tables, and prints make this a visually pleasing book.For those interested, or wishing to become interested, in basic science relating to osteoarthritis this up to date compilation is not only stimulating but also good value.
The Intellectual Crisis of Psychiatric Research
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

The aim of this paper was to examine the intellectual crisis and the potential sources of reveille in clinical research in psychiatry. Current prevailing conceptual models in psychiatry are critically examined, with particular reference to neurobiology, clinical psychopharmacology, assessment, and the therapeutic process. Biological reductionism, neglect of individual responses to treatment, massive propaganda from the pharmaceutical industry, misleading effects of psychometric theory on clinical assessment, and lack of consideration of multiple therapeutic ingredients and of the role of psychological well-being are identified as major sources of an intellectual crisis in psychiatric research. The conceptual crisis of psychiatry is shared by other areas of clinical medicine and stems from a narrow concept of science that neglects clinical observation, the basic method of medicine. A unified concept of health and disease may yield new clinical insights in psychiatric disorders, and may result in therapeutic efforts of more enduring quality than current strategies.
An outbreak of hepatitis A virus infection with a high case-fatality rate among injecting drug users
Authors: Enea Spada, Domenico Genovese, Maria Elena Tosti, Andrea Mariano, Marco Cuccuini, Laura Proietti, Cinzia Di Giuli, Alessandro Lavagna, Giuseppe Edoardo Crapa, Graziella Morace, Stefania Taffon, Alfonso Mele, Giovanni Rezza, Maria Rapicetta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Drawbacks and Prognostic Value of Formulas Estimating Renal Function in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Tom D.J. Smilde, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Gerjan Navis, Adriaan A. Voors, Hans L. Hillege
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Renal function is an important risk marker for morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure (CHF) and is often estimated with the use of creatinine-based formulas. However, these formulas have never been validated in a wide range of CHF patients. We validated 3 commonly used formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with true GFR in CHF patients. Furthermore, we compared the prognostic value of these formulas for cardiovascular outcome with that of true GFR during 12 months of follow-up. Methods and Results— In 110 CHF patients (age, 57±11.7 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 0.27±0.09; NYHA class, 2.5±0.9), we measured 125 I-iothalamate clearance. Cockcroft-Gault (GFR cg ), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and simplified MDRD (sMDRD) equations were used as creatinine-based renal function estimations. Furthermore, 24-hour creatinine clearance (CrCl) was determined. CrCl and GFR cg were the most accurate. MDRD was most precise formula, although it was also highly biased. All formulas overestimated in the lower ranges and underestimated in the upper ranges of the GFR corrected for body surface area. The predictive performance of the formulas was best in severe CHF (NYHA classes III and IV). The prognostic value of CrCl and MDRD for cardiovascular outcome was comparable to that of GFR, the sMDRD was slightly less, and the GFR cg had a significantly worse prognostic value. Conclusions— In the more severe ranges of CHF, creatinine-based formulas and CrCl corrected for body surface area appeared to be more precise and accurate in estimating true GFR corrected for body surface area. The MDRD formula is the most precise and has a good prognostic value, whereas the sMDRD is slightly less accurate but uses fewer parameters, which makes this formula a practical alternative in clinical practice.
The Evolution--Past and Prospective--of Medical and Sanitary Work in India
Authors: K. Macleod
Journal: BMJ (1895)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following The Evolution—Past and Prospective—of Medical and Sanitary Work in India Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Turbulent blood flow and the effects of erythrocytes
Authors: W. A. MUNTER, P. D. STEIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

An experimental investigation is described in which principal emphasis is given to revealing the nature of the contribution of erythrocytes upon turbulence. It has as its central purpose the evaluation of a fluid containing erythrocytes on turbulence intensity. The experimental method consisted of introducing the steady flow of human blood through a precision orifice under controlled conditions at turbulent rates and studying the growth and evaluation of disturbed flow using hot-film methods. A principal conclusion to be drawn is that a new perspective, one that takes erythrocytes into account, is required in connection with the instability of flowing blood.
Assessing human polychlorinated biphenyl contamination for epidemiologic studies: lessons from patterns of congener concentrations in Canadians in 1992.
Authors: Beth C Gladen, Josée Doucet, Larry G Hansen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Humans are always exposed to mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), so assessment of their health effects is complicated. Because the original sources are relatively standard mixtures that change in predictable ways while traversing the environment, there is substantial uniformity in the congener mixtures people carry. To the extent that concentrations are highly correlated, measuring multiple congeners within correlated groups would be unnecessary and estimation of separate biologic effects would be impossible. We examined correlation patterns in previously collected data on 38 congeners (and 14 other organochlorines) from 497 human milk samples from Canada from 1992. Congeners 138, 153, 156, 157, 170, 183, 187, 194, 199, and 203 were highly intercorrelated; 180 had slightly lower correlations with this group. Congeners 74, 105, and 118 were highly intercorrelated and moderately to highly correlated with the first group. Congener 99 had moderate correlations with both these groups, and congener 66 had lesser correlations with the primary group. In contrast, congeners 28, 44, 49, 60, 90/101, 128, 137, and 193 showed little correlation with any other congeners. The remaining 14 congeners were uninformative; they were quantified in fewer than 30% of samples, and varying lipid concentrations meant that those quantified were not necessarily at higher concentrations than those not quantified. In study of human health effects of PCBs, the congener pattern present in the population under study should be examined when deciding which congeners to measure; instead of solely redundant or uninformative congeners, attention should be given to other congeners that may be more useful in addressing the question of interest.
Benefits of early pulmonary rehabilitation following acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: A Jain
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Man W D-C, Polkey MI, Donaldson N, et al . Community pulmonary rehabilitation after hospitalisation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomised controlled study. BMJ2004;329:1209–11 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) results in significant improvements to quality of life and both functional and maximum exercise capacity in patients with stable COPD. In this study the benefits of an early outpatient PR programme were compared with usual care at 3 months following hospital admission for acute exacerbation of COPD. 42 patients … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.38258.662720.3A%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15504763%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=329/7476/1209&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F3%2F233.atom
FRACTURES OF THE OLECRANON TREATED BY SUBCUTANEOUS EXARTICULAR WIRING.
Authors: JOHN B. MURPHY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Considering that coaptation of fragments in fractures of the olecranon is not easily obtained by manipulation, the maintenance of the fragments is frequently an impossibility, and the treatment by splints or casts is frequently followed by ankylosis or impairment of motion, I have come to the conclusion that operative treatment is the most advisable. On the other hand, the exposure of the elbow joint appears to me to be dangerous. The open treatment that Lord Lister applied to fractures of the patella, and which is practiced to a great extent today in England, does not appeal to me in the case of fractures of the olecranon. I have always feared to open a joint, even under the greatest aseptic precautions, for we all know that the liabilities of infections in a joint are greater than those in the peritoneum. Therefore, the subcutaneous and exarticular wiring of the olecranon seemed to
Looking at life and death
Authors: Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Lester Crawford, former commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration, was last week fined $89 377 (£45 800; €67 000), sentenced to three years of supervised probation, and required to do 50 hours of community service by Judge Deborah Robinson of the US District Court for the District of Columbia.Last October Dr Crawford (below) pleaded (below) pleaded pleaded guilty to two charges: failing to report that he and his wife owned shares in companies regulated by the agency and filing false
532In vivo characterization of microvascular obstruction resolution after reperfused myocardial infarction
Authors: E De Dios, A Ruiz, A Hervas, MJ Forteza, C Bonanad, F Chaustre, C Gomez, G Minana, FJ Chorro, V Bodi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Using cardiac imaging techniques it has been demonstrated that, after successful coronary revascularization of acute myocardial infarction (MI), microvascular obstruction (MVO) resolves spontaneously. Data on the course of this process in “in vivo” models are scarce. We aimed to characterize the dynamics of MVO in a swine model of reperfused anterior MI. Methods: Swine were subjected, by means of percutaneous balloon inflation, to a transient 90-min occlusion of mid left anterior descending artery followed by 72-h (acute MI model) or 1-month (chronic MI model) reperfusion. Area at risk (thioflavin-S staining) and the extent of MVO (% of area at risk without thioflavin-S staining) were quantified. Microvessel density (using immunohistochemistry by von Willebrand factor antibody, vessels/field) and the expression of Hypoxia Induced Factor-1α (HIF-1α mRNA) were determined in controls and in the acute and chronic MI models. Results: In the acute MI model, MVO (8.4±4.5%) was detected in all cases. MVO significantly decreased in the chronic MI model (0.14±0.09%, p <0.001 vs. acute MI model, Figure). Microvessel density was significantly reduced in the acute MI model in comparison with the chronic MI model and controls (p <0.001, Figure). The expression of HIF-1α mRNA was significantly increased in the acute MI model in the infarct area (p<0.05 vs. controls) and in the chronic MI model in the infarct, adjacent and remote areas (p <0.01 vs. controls, Figure).
Assessment of Nutrition by Aneurin in Urine
Authors: Y. L. Wang, L. J. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1943)

OURNAL 1 time alone will show whether we are correct in our assumptions.We can only be encouraged by our results of the past eight months.No little purpose will have been served if we have sown the seed for a new line of thought and research on the diagnosis and inten- sive treatment of early syphilis.We wish to express our thanks to the Medical Director-General of the Navy, Sir Sheldon Dudley, for permission to carry out this
ICU organization and management I
Authors: M. C. Jars-Guincestre, S. Chevret, J. -C. Raphael, C. Chastang, F. Nicolas, J. Latour, J. Bonastre, J. S. Giner, V. López-Camps, M. Rodríguez-Serra, L. Rosado, C. Jones, T. E. A. Palmer, R. D. Griffiths, M. R. Losser, F. Lenfant, B. Teisseire, D. Payen, X. Sarmiento, M. Soler, J. M. Toboso, J. J. Guardiola, S. Alonso, J. Gener, A. Tomasa, C. Ponte, M. A. Alonso, P. Florez, R. Alonso, I. Fernandez, A. Giribet, J. M. Vallina, J. Ruiz, L. García, Y. González, A. Boix, J. F. Solsona, A. Díaz-Prieto, A. Vázquez-Sánchez, S. Garrido, J. Nolla, F. Alvarez, A. Vázquez-Sánchez, A. Díaz-Prieto, G. Masdeu, E. Adrario, M. Valente, A. Luzi, C. Giovannini, P. Pietropaoli, A. Vicens-Justo, E. Zavala, A. Bertrán, M. A. López-Boado, L. Fernández-Cruz
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Smoking habits of men and women.
Authors: M A Russell, C Wilson, C Taylor, C D Baker
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The smoking habits of 1501 cigarette smokers attending 28 general practitioners in five group practices in London were assessed. Prevalence of smoking, daily cigarette consumption, and the use of cigars, untipped cigarettes, and hand-rolled cigarettes were lower in the women. After controlling for consumption the proportions of men and women who smoked every day were similar. Women who smoked 20 or more a day were similar to men in their self-reported inhaling habits and use of low-nicotine cigarettes. The results suggest that women differ from men in those aspects of smoking that are determined predominantly by social factors but that their smoking habits become similar when pharmacological motivation takes over. This apparently occurs when consumption reaches about 20 cigarettes a day, when smoking almost inevitably becomes a regular event and the sex differences disappear.
DENTAL CARIES AND DIET
Authors: N. S. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Evidence based on clinical and experimental research indicates that dental caries may be caused by an insufficient intake of certain minerals and vitamins or to the ingestion of excessive amounts of sweets and other carbohydrates. The sugars and flours from which these carbohydrate foods are made are those which, through processing, have been deprived of many of the vitamins, amino acids and minerals they naturally contained. As a result such diets are more or less deficient in elements essential for their normal cellular metabolism. Timothy Leary and others have presented both clinical and experimental evidence to indicate that "atherosclerosis, the important form of arteriosclerosis, is a specific disease due to excess cholesterol" (The Journal, July 25, 1942, p. 1041) or to excessive intake of fats. In man, much of the fat in the diet comes from butter, cream and egg yolk; some from vegetable or other animal
Prophylactic Cholecystectomy or Expectant Management for Silent Gallstones
Authors: David F. Ransohoff, William A. Gracie, Lewis B. Wolfenson, Duncan Neuhauser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Decision analysis was done to compare the consequences of prophylactic cholecystectomy with expectant management for silent gallstone disease. Probability values were derived from a study of the natural history of silent gallstone disease, published cholecystectomy mortality rates, and life tables. The two strategies were compared by calculating cumulative numbers of person-years lost for hypothetical cohorts of men and women. Prophylactic cholecystectomy slightly decreases survival. A 30-year-old man choosing prophylactic cholecystectomy instead of expectant management would lose, on average, 4 days of life; a 50-year-old man would lose 18 days. Consideration of monetary costs and discounting further disfavors prophylactic cholecystectomy. Sensitivity analysis shows that differences between the two strategies remain small over a broad range of probability values, both for men and women.
Bovine Versus Human Tubercle Bacillus.
Authors: Clement A. Penrose
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Baltimore, Aug. 3, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The idea occurred to me, while reading Dr. Koch's address, made before the British Congress on Tuberculosis, London, July 23, 1901, that much light might be thrown on the relations of the bovine tubercle bacillus with the human tubercle bacillus, about which lately there has been so much controversy, if injections of tuberculin prepared from the bovine tubercle bacillus were contrasted with those prepared from the human tubercle bacillus in their effects on persons afflicted with tuberculosis. I can find no evidence in the literature that tuberculin has ever been made from the bovine bacillus and tried on human beings, a very simple and harmless thing to do. Steps have been taken by me to obtain this tuberculin, and I desire you to publish this as a preliminary announcement to some subsequent work on this subject. Very truly yours,
Diurnal distribution of ST-segment elevation and related arrhythmias in patients with variant angina: a study by ambulatory ECG monitoring.
Authors: H Araki, Y Koiwaya, O Nakagaki, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Twenty-four-hour ambulatory ECG recording was performed in 26 patients with variant angina to evaluate the diurnal distribution of ST-segment elevation in relation to chest pain and the incidence of arrhythmias during the episodes. During a recording period of 52 days, 364 ST-segment elevations of 1 mm or greater were observed and 79% were asymptomatic. ST-segment elevation frequently occurred between 0:00 and 9:00 hours (72%) and most frequently between 5:00 and 6:00 hours (13%). Only a few episodes occurred between 10:00 and 18:00 hours. Premature atrial contractions, premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and complete atrioventricular block occurred during 12% of the episodes and were more common during painful episodes (32%) than during painless ones (6%). However, VT and severe forms of PVCs (couplets and bigeminy) appeared eight times during painless episodes and nine times during painful ones. Arrhythmias occurred more frequently when the elevated ST segment started to return or was returning to the control level (n = 38) than when the ST segment was rising (n = 8). The incidence of arrhythmias was lower when the daily frequency of ischemic episodes was high. This study shows that episodes of asymptomatic coronary artery spasm predominantly occur early in the morning as symptomatic episodes; complex dysrhythmias appear during the asymptomatic episodes; arrhythmias occur predominantly during a "reperfusion period;" and more arrhythmias accompany infrequent daily episodes of ischemia than frequent ones.
Metacarpal morphometry in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Authors: C R Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Osteogenesis imperfecta is often regarded as a form of osteoporosis. In many cases, particularly those in whom the first fracture occurs outside the neonatal period, bones that have not been fractured may appear radiologically normal. In a group of 24 adults with osteogenesis imperfecta the thickness of the metacarpal cortex was normal but their bones were often slender. Osteoporosis is probably not an inevitable feature of such cases, and some of the radiological abnormalities reported may be the results of previous fractures and their treatment.
CHANGING INCIDENCE OF CARDIAC RUPTURE AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: RESULTS FROM 5,694 PATIENTS DATABASE OVER 35 YEARS
Authors: Satoshi Honda, Yasuhide Asaumi, Masashi Fujino, Takafumi Yamane, Reon Kumasaka, Toshiyuki Nagai, Taichi Adachi, Tadayoshi Miyagi, Tetsuo Arakawa, Michio Nakanishi, Hiroki Sakamoto, Junichi Kotani, Teruo Noguchi, Yoichi Goto, Toshihisa Anzai, Wataru Shimizu, Masaharu Ishihara, Hisao Ogawa, Satoshi Yasuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Cure of Internal Aneurism
Authors: J. Tufnell
Journal: BMJ (1868)

Oc 't.ro, rg"s.?PPK Z o#2IsP MWEICALL rURNAL.3-0 the autumin of I867, on account of a foreign body lodgedc in the bladder, which had resisted the efforts of two medical men to extract from the viscus.She stated that, six weeks before, as she was suffering from retention of urine, she obtained the services of a nurse.This female attempted to relieve her by means of an ivory clyster-pipe, and did so successfully; but the pipe, slipping from her hold, disappeared, and found its way into the bladder.Having placed the patient under the influence of chloroform, I dislodged the clyster-pipe from the impacted position it occupied in the bladder, and effected its extraction.e~~~~~~~~l~~n Clyster-pipe lodged in the bladder of Case iI.Encrustation of phosphates on sur- face.Both extremities impacted in the coats of the bladder by ulceration.
Cancer-Specific Functions of SIRT1 Enable Human Epithelial Cancer Cell Growth and Survival
Authors: Jack Ford, Ming Jiang, Jo Milner
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract SIRT1 is a conserved NAD-dependent deacetylase that regulates life span in accord with nutritional provision. In mammalian cells, SIRT1 also down-regulates stress-induced p53 and FoxO pathways for apoptosis, thus favoring survival under stress. The functioning of SIRT1 under normal, nonstressed conditions of cell growth is unknown. Here we have asked if SIRT1 has the capacity to influence cell viability in the absence of applied stress. For this purpose we used synthetic small interfering RNA to silence SIRT1 gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi). We show that the process of RNAi, by itself, does not affect cell growth and is not sufficient to activate a cellular stress response (indicated by lack of activation of endogenous p53). We also show that, in the absence of applied stress, SIRT1 silencing induces growth arrest and/or apoptosis in human epithelial cancer cells. In contrast, normal human epithelial cells and normal human diploid fibroblasts seem to be refractory to SIRT1 silencing. Combined gene knockout with RNAi cosilencing experiments indicate that SIRT1 and Bcl-2 may suppress separable apoptotic pathways in the same cell lineage and that the SIRT1-regulated pathway is independent of p53, Bax, and caspase-2. Alternatively, SIRT1 may suppress apoptosis downstream from these apoptotic factors. In either case, we show that FoxO4 (but not FoxO3) is required as proapoptotic mediator. We further identify caspase-3 and caspase-7 as downstream executioners of SIRT1/FoxO4–regulated apoptosis. Our work identifies SIRT1 as a novel target for selective killing of cancer versus noncancer epithelial cells.