tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetes, Intraocular Pressure, and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma in the Baltimore Eye Survey
Authors: James M. Tielsch, Joanne Katz, Harry A. Quigley, Jonathan C. Javitt, Alfred Sommer
Journal: Ophthalmology (1995)

The association of diabetes with primary-open angle glaucoma (POAG) has been controversial and often confused by varying definitions of both diabetes and POAG. The purpose of this study is to evaluate this association in a population-based sample of subjects from the Baltimore Eye Survey.
US expert panel recommends against prostate cancer screening
Authors: J. Lenzer, S. Brownlee
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test should not be used to screen men for prostate cancer because it is unlikely to save lives and can cause harm, says an independent panel of experts.

The US Preventive Services Task Force, an independent body of 16 experts that evaluates evidence to grade devices and rank preventive services, announced its recommendation against prostate cancer screening of all US men on 7 October. In a statement it said that there was “moderate certainty that PSA-based screening for prostate cancer has no net benefit.”

The task force made its recommendation in 2009 and again in 2010 after in-depth scientific reviews conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, but these were never published.

The agency’s 2010 review was published on 7 October after an article in the New York Times magazine publicised the fact that this recommendation was made, but not published, nearly two years earlier (www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/magazine/can-cancer-ever-be-ignored.html?_r=2&ref=magazine). …
Retrograde perfusion as a model for testing the relative effects of glucose versus insulin on the A cell.
Authors: J I Stagner, E Samols
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

In order to determine whether the A cell may be directly suppressed by glucose in the absence of insulin, canine pancreata were perfused in vitro, both antegrade, through the arterial system and retrograde, through the venous system. Studies of the islet microvasculature have suggested that blood flows from the B cell core to the mantle; thus, the A cell may be tonically inhibited by intra-islet insulin. Retrograde perfusion may then be expected to prevent insulin from reaching the A cell, releasing it from inhibition. Retrograde perfusion with 88 mg/dl glucose markedly increased both insulin and glucagon secretion relative to antegrade levels. In a series of experiments, glucose concentrations were changed from 88 to 200 mg/dl. An antegrade glucose change resulted in increased insulin (134+/-21%; P less than 0.0025) and decreased glucagon (-26+/-9%, P less than 0.025) secretion. A retrograde glucose increase resulted in increased secretion of both insulin (91+/-15%; P less than 0.0005) and glucagon (23+/-9%; P less than 0.0125). To confirm that retrograde perfusion deprived the A cell of endogenous core derived, vascularly delivered insulin, possibly resulting in increased insulin sensitivity, 0.3 mU/ml exogenous porcine insulin was infused. Antegrade, 0.3 mU/ml insulin, had no effect on glucagon secretion (P less than 0.250), while retrograde infusion of 0.3 mU/ml insulin significantly inhibited glucagon secretion (-31 + 8%; P less than 0.0005). The results of our study support the concept that the direction of blood flow and of flow-dependent intra-islet hormone interactions are from the islet B cell core to the mantle. It was further concluded that the normal A cell may not be suppressed by glucose in the absence of insulin.
A Comparison of Pteroylglutamic Acid and Liver Extract Maintenance Therapy in Sprue
Authors: Herbert J. Fox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE effects of synthetic folic acid in sprue have been studied by several groups of investigators. Both Darby et al.1 and Suarez and his associates2 reported that the substance had a prompt and dramatic clinical and hematologic effect with remissions comparable or superior to that which follows liver therapy. A daily dose of 2.5 to 5 mg. was considered to be adequate although in many cases the periods of observation were brief. Davidson and his co-workers,3 on the other hand, treated 10 cases of sprue with folic acid with only moderately good hematologic results, noting that macrocytosis persisted.The present . . .
Fractures and Injuries of the Distal Radius and Carpus: The Cutting Edge
Authors: Mark H. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Taking pressure off the heart: the ins and outs of atrophic remodelling
Authors: K. K. Baskin, H. Taegtmeyer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Our work on atrophic remodelling of the heart has led us to appreciate the simple principles in biology: (i) the dynamic nature of intracellular protein turnover, (ii) the return to the foetal gene programme when the heart remodels, and (iii) the adaptive changes of cardiac metabolism. Although the molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy are many, much less is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of cardiac atrophy. We state the case that knowing more about mechanisms of atrophic remodelling may provide insights into cellular consequences of metabolic and haemodynamic unloading of the stressed heart. Overall we strive to find an answer to the question: 'What makes the failing heart shrink and become stronger?' We speculate that signals arising from intermediary metabolism of energy-providing substrates are likely candidates.
Animal-Human Diseases Targeted to Stop Pandemics Before They Start
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Secular Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors According to Body Mass Index in US Adults
Authors: Edward W. Gregg
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Prevalence of obesity in the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades, but the magnitude of change in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the growing proportion of overweight and obese Americans remains unknown.To examine 40-year trends in CVD risk factors by body mass index (BMI) groups among US adults aged 20 to 74 years.Analysis of 5 cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys: National Health Examination Survey (1960-1962); National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I (1971-1975), II (1976-1980), and III (1988-1994); and NHANES 1999-2000.Prevalence of high cholesterol level (> or =240 mg/dL [> or =6.2 mmol/L] regardless of treatment), high blood pressure (> or =140/90 mm Hg regardless of treatment), current smoking, and total diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed combined) according to BMI group (lean, <25; overweight, 25-29; and obese, > or =30).The prevalence of all risk factors except diabetes decreased over time across all BMI groups, with the greatest reductions observed among overweight and obese groups. Compared with obese persons in 1960-1962, obese persons in 1999-2000 had a 21-percentage-point lower prevalence of high cholesterol level (39% in 1960-1962 vs 18% in 1999-2000), an 18-percentage-point lower prevalence of high blood pressure (from 42% to 24%), and a 12-percentage-point lower smoking prevalence (from 32% to 20%). Survey x BMI group interaction terms indicated that compared with the first survey, the prevalence of high cholesterol in the fifth survey had fallen more in obese and overweight persons than in lean persons (P<.05). Survey x BMI changes in blood pressure and smoking were not statistically significant. Changes in risk factors were accompanied by increases in lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medication use, particularly among obese persons. Total diabetes prevalence was stable within BMI groups over time, as nonsignificant 1- to 2-percentage-point increases occurred between 1976-1980 and 1999-2000.Except for diabetes, CVD risk factors have declined considerably over the past 40 years in all BMI groups. Although obese persons still have higher risk factor levels than lean persons, the levels of these risk factors are much lower than in previous decades.
Ephedrine hydrochloride inhibits PGN-induced inflammatory responses by promoting IL-10 production and decreasing proinflammatory cytokine secretion via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway
Authors: Yuejuan Zheng, Yang Yang, Yuhu Li, Limin Xu, Yi Wang, Ziyi Guo, Haiyan Song, Muyi Yang, Beier Luo, Aoxiang Zheng, Ping Li, Yan Zhang, Guang Ji, Yizhi Yu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2013)
CHANGES IN THE ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Jerome M. Waldron, Franz Goldstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

In a study of a group of hospitalized patients in whom there was no reason to suspect a disturbed acid-base balance, it was found that a few patients had low blood pH values. The only factor in common to these patients with the low pH values was that all had essential hypertension. It has been demonstrated in human subjects that experimental hypertension can be produced with desoxycorticosterone when sodium chloride is administered simultaneously (1); that there is a relationship between the ratio of sodium to chloride in essential hypertension and the severity of the hypertension (2); and that the restriction of sodium chloride has a beneficial effect in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension (3). This evidence of changes in ionic equilibrium of the blood in patients with essential hypertension prompted further investigation to determine whether an increased hydrogen ion concentration of the arterial blood was common in this disease.
Increased T-cell receptor Vβ8+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of subjects with poorly controlled asthma: A potential role for microbial superantigens☆☆☆★
Authors: Pia J. Hauk, Sally E. Wenzel, Anne E. Trumble, Stanley J. Szefler, Donald Y.M. Leung
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO UNRESPONSIVENESS TO MERCURIAL DIURETICS IN CONGESTIVE FAILURE 12
Authors: Raymond E. Weston, Doris J. W. Escher, Jacob Grossman, Louis Leiter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

The ultimate failure of edematous cardiac pa- tients to respond to mercurial diuretics is well es- tablished.Although the older literature ascribed this to renal tubular accommodation to mercury, some patients have received mercurials for many years without manifesting such acquired tubular resistance.More recently, because of the potenti- ation of mercurial diuresis in previously unrespon- sive patients by pre-treatment with ammonium chloride, resistance to mercurials has been at- tributed to chloride depletion (1, 2).However, acidotic potentiation of mercurial diuresis may per- sist after the elevated serum chloride level has re- turned to normal (3).Moreover, mercurial-re- sistant patients may not exhibit hypochloremia and some hypochloremic patients continue to have good mercurial diureses (2).Since organic mercurials act by decreasing renal tubular reabsorption of filtered electrolyte and water, any factor which increases such reabsorption will tend to antagonize the diuretic effect of mer- curials.The present communication is an attempt to analyze mercurial resistance in cardiac patients in the light of the severely impaired renal excre- tion of salt and water, resulting from the changes in cardiovascular-renal hemodynamics, hormonal balance, and other mechanisms affecting renal tu- bular activity in congestive failure.One of these factors, decreased glomerular fil- tration rate, reduces the quantity of filtered sodium and chloride presented to the tubules.Recent studies have shown that whenever filtration is decreased without change in tubular function the resulting glomerulo-tubular imbalance is associ-
An alternative to prophylactic colectomy for colon cancer prevention in HNPCC syndrome
Authors: H F A Vasen
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Introduction:</b> It has been estimated that cytogenetically visible rearrangements are present in ~1% of newborns. These chromosomal changes can cause a wide range of deleterious developmental effects, including mental retardation (MR). It is assumed that many other cases exist where the cause is a submicroscopic deletion or duplication. To facilitate the detection of such cases, different techniques have been developed, which have differing efficiency as to the number of loci and patients that can be tested. <b>Methods:</b> We implemented multiplex amplifiable probe hybridisation (MAPH) to test areas known to be rearranged in MR patients (for example, subtelomeric/pericentromeric regions and those affected in microdeletion syndromes) and to look for new regions that might be related to MR. <b>Results:</b> In this study, over 30 000 screens for duplications and deletions were carried out; 162 different loci tested in each of 188 developmentally delayed patients. The analysis resulted in the detection of 19 rearrangements, of which ~65% would not have been detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis. A significant fraction (46%) of the rearrangements found were interstitial, despite the fact that only a limited number of these loci have so far been tested. <b>Discussion:</b> Our results strengthen the arguments for whole genome screening within this population, as it can be assumed that many more interstitial rearrangements would be detected. The strengths of MAPH for this analysis are the simplicity, the high throughput potential, and the high resolution of analysis. This combination should help in the future identification of the specific genes that are responsible for MR.
Haematuria in patients with haemostatic defects.
Authors: I A Greer, G D Lowe, S Yogarajah, P J Paterson, C D Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Haematuria is a common feature of haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease, as many as 90% of severely affected patients having at least one episode in their lifetime.'The clinical course is well documented, usually arising and resolving spontaneously even before the advent of specific treatment.2It has been shown not to be associated with progressive loss of renal function and is generally believed to be benign.3We describe a case of persistent haematuria over one year due to renal carcinoma in a patient with von Willebrand's disease; the carcinoma remained undetected despite routine pyelography and renography and was found by ultrasound scanning.To our knowledge this has not been described in von Willebrand's disease or the haemophilias. Case reportA 31 year old man with known severe von Willebrand's disease (bleeding time 28 minutes; ristocetin cofactor 38% of normal) was admitted with spontaneous gross haematuria and right sided renal colic.He was otherwise well with no other urinary symptons, and no abnormal findings were apparent on physical examination.Results of urine culture were negative and serum urate, calcium, phosphate, urea, creatinine, and electrolyte concentrations were normal.Full blood count was normal, with a haemo- globin concentration of 15-5 g/dl and normal white cell count.An isotope renogram showed no evidence of obstruction.He was treated with cryoprecipitate, fluids, and analgesics and the haematuria settled after one
Modification of the apolipoprotein B gene in HepG2 cells by gene targeting.
Authors: R V Farese, L M Flynn, S G Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The HepG2 cell line has been used extensively to study the synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein (apo) B. In this study, we tested whether gene-targeting techniques can be used to inactivate one of the apo B alleles in HepG2 cells by homologous recombination using a transfected gene-targeting vector. Our vector contained exons 1-7 of the apo B gene, in which exon 2 was interrupted by a promoterless neomycin resistance (neo(r)) gene. The recombination of this vector with the cognate gene would inactivate an apo B allele and enable the apo B promoter to activate the transcription of the neo(r) gene. To detect the rare homologous recombinant clone, we developed a novel solid phase RIA that uses the apo B-specific monoclonal antibody MB19 to analyze the apo B secreted by G418-resistant (G418r) clones. Antibody MB19 detects a two-allele genetic polymorphism in apo B by binding to the apo B allotypes MB19(1) and MB19(2) with high and low affinity, respectively. HepG2 cells normally secrete both the apo B MB19 allotypes. Using the MB19 immunoassay, we identified a G418r HepG2 clone that had lost the ability to secrete the MB19(1) allotype. The inactivation of an apo B allele of this clone was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction amplification of an 865-bp fragment unique to the targeted apo B allele and by Southern blotting of genomic DNA. This study demonstrates that gene-targeting techniques can be used to modify the apo B gene in HepG2 cells and demonstrates the usefulness of a novel solid phase RIA system for detecting apo B gene targeting events in this cell line.
Glycophorin A dimerization and band 3 interaction during erythroid membrane biogenesis: in vivo studies in human glycophorin A transgenic mice
Authors: Isabelle Auffray, Shirin Marfatia, Kitty de Jong, Gloria Lee, Cheng-Han Huang, Chris Paszty, Michael J. A. Tanner, Narla Mohandas, Joel Anne Chasis
Journal: Blood (2001)
Independent commission will look at split between health and social care in England
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An independent commission to consider the future of health and social care in England has been set up by the health think tank the King’s Fund, which aims to publish the findings in time for the 2015 general election.

It will be chaired by Kate Barker, an economist best known for a review published by the Treasury in 2004 that called for a massive increase in house building in England. Although supported by the fund and launched at its London headquarters, Barker’s commission is free to reach any conclusion it finds most persuasive. It would, however, be a surprise if it disagreed with the fund’s often expressed belief that the two systems of healthcare and social care—one free to all, the other means tested—need closer integration and a common purpose.

Chris Ham, the fund’s chief executive, said, “The NHS and social care system have remained separate since their inception in 1948. Sixty …
Cellular Distribution of Ca <sup>2+</sup> Pumps and Ca <sup>2+</sup> Release Channels in Rat Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Marielle Anger, Anne-Marie Lompré, Olivier Vallot, Françoise Marotte, Lydie Rappaport, Jane-Lise Samuel MD
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The response of ventricular myocytes to pressure overload is heterogeneous and not spatially coordinated. We investigated whether or not the alterations in SERCA and RyR gene expression are homogeneous within the myocardium. Methods and Results —The cellular distribution of mRNAs and proteins encoding the 2 sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA) isoforms (SERCA 2a and 2b) and 2 Ca 2+ release channels (the ryanodine receptor, RyR, and the IP 3 receptor, IP 3 R) were analyzed by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, respectively. Analyses were performed during early (1 and 5 days) and late (1 month) stages of cardiac hypertrophy induced in rat by thoracic aortic stenosis (AS). The results indicated that 1 and 5 days after AS, the cellular distribution of SERCA 2a and RyR2 mRNAs in right ventricle and atrium was similar to controls but the mRNA levels appeared to decrease in some areas of the left ventricle (LV). One month after AS, the distribution of SERCA 2a mRNA and protein became heterogeneous throughout the LV, whereas RyR2 mRNA and protein levels were decreased in a homogeneous manner. SERCA 2b, poorly expressed in both cardiomyocytes and vessels of controls, was increased 4-fold 1 month after AS in coronary arteries only. In both sham (Sh) and AS, SERCA 3 and IP 3 R mRNAs were mainly found in the vessels. Conclusions —In severe hypertrophy, decreased accumulation of SERCA 2a was heterogeneous and not compensated by an induction of SERCA 2b in the cardiomyocytes. Decrease in RyR2 expression was more homogeneous and not compensated by an increased IP 3 R expression.
Chronic acral dermatitis: association with extreme elevations of IgE
Authors: R. K. Winkelmann
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Three patients with a pruritic, papulovesicular, and keratotic dermatitis of the hands, feet, and extremities had markedly elevated serum IgE levels up to 100,000 ng/ml. There was no personal or family history of atopic disease. A variety of immunologic, physiologic, and pharmacologic studies of the skin had normal results. Mast cells were observed in large numbers in the dermis and even in the epidermis. The course of this unique dermatitis is chronic, lasting many years, and it is resistant to all treatments except administration of corticosteroid drugs.
Textbook of Adult and Pediatric Echocardiography and Doppler
Authors: Hugh D. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Ultrasonic blood-flow detection and cardiac imaging, known as "Doppler echocardiography," has revolutionized the diagnostic approach to the adult and child with heart disease. Several textbooks and articles have been written on various aspects of these modalities. This new text by St John Sutton and Oldershaw offers a comprehensive, 880-page overview of the use of ultrasound in the adult and child. The book both benefits and suffers from multiple authorship. The editing is obviously thorough and even. The illustrations, necessary for such a book, are generally excellent, and the editors have obviously kept most of the authors true to their stated intent of avoiding the line drawings that often substitute for echoes, which should speak for themselves—and usually do in this text. Certain chapters are gems of clarity and offer information that makes the book unique. These include Anderson and Ho's discussion of anatomic comparisons of pathological specimens that are cut