tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced Chronic Hemolysis during High-Dose Vitamin E Administration in Mediterranean-Type Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Laurence Corash, Stephen Spielberg, Christos Bartsocas, Laurence Boxer, Reuven Steinherz, Michael Sheetz, Michael Egan, James Schlessleman, Joseph D. Schulman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The observation that high-dose oral vitamin E supplementation (800 IU per day) improved red-cell survival in two rare disorders associated with increased red-cell susceptibility to oxidative stress prompted a similar trial in 23 patients with Mediterranean glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Three months of vitamin E administration resulted in decreased chronic hemolysis as evidenced by improved red-cell life span (P less than 0.025), with an improvement in red-cell half-life from 22.9 +/- 0.7 days to 25.1 +/- 0.6 days (mean +/- S.E.M.), increased hemoglobin concentration (P less than 0.001), and decreased reticulocytosis (P less than 0.001) as compared with base-line values. Evaluation after one year of vitamin E administration demonstrated sustained improvement in all these indexes. Controlled clinical trials of vitamin E supplementation may be warranted to examine its efficacy in ameliorating acute hemolytic crises or in reducing morbidity from neonatal jaundice in this relatively common genetic disorder.
Detection of coronary artery reperfusion with creatine kinase-MB determinations during thrombolytic therapy: Correlation with acute angiography
Authors: Harry D Garabedian, Herman K Gold, Tsunehiro Yasuda, Jennifer A Johns, Dianne M Finkelstein, Robert J Gaivin, Christa Cobbaert, Robert C Leinbach, Désiré Collen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Altered Na/Ca exchange activity in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: a new target for therapy?
Authors: K Sipido
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Increased Na/Ca exchange (NCX) expression may be part of the genetic reprogramming in cardiac remodeling. In this review we address the following questions: (1) Is increased NCX activity a general feature of cardiac remodeling in hypertrophy and heart failure? (2) How does this contribute to the contractile and electrical phenotype of hypertrophy and heart failure? (3) Should be consider NCX a potential therapeutic target? From a review of the literature we found that NCX activity can be increased, unchanged, or even downregulated during cardiac remodeling. When NCX activity is increased, it can be considered compensatory for contractile function, but with negative side-effects, including an increased risk of arrhythmias. Changes in activity do not necessarily reflect changes in gene expression. Altered NCX acrtivity can also be consequent to changes in other Ca2+ fluxes or in [Na+]i homeostasis. The role of NCX in contractile alterations and arrhythmogenesis varies with the different stimuli or stages of cardiac remodeling. Pharmacological block of NCX in heart failure or hypertrophy may thus be useful, but most likely only in specific conditions, perhaps as part of a combined approach. Development of drugs that target only a specific mode of the exchanger may offer a further advantage.
CDC Says Rates Are Up for Gonorrhea, Down for Syphilis
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3676: The hypoxia-activated pro-drug tirapazamine suppresses outgrowth of colorectal liver metastases following radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Klaas M. Govaert, Maarten W. Nijkamp, Benjamin L. Emmink, Ernst J.A. Steller, Andrew I. Minchinton, Onno Kranenburg, Inne H.M. Borel Rinkes
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common procedure for the management of colorectal liver metastases. RFA-generated lesions are surrounded by a rim of hypoxia that is associated with aggressive outgrowth of intrahepatic micrometastases. Hypoxia-activated pro-drugs such as tirapazamine (TPZ) are designed to selectively kill tumour cells under hypoxic conditions. Therefore we hypothesised that TPZ may have therapeutic value in limiting hypoxia-associated tumour outgrowth following RFA. Methods Murine C26 and MC38 colorectal cancer cells were grown under hypoxia and normoxia in vitro and were treated with different concentrations of TPZ. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were assessed by western blot and FACS analysis. Proliferative capacity was tested by colony formation assays. Mice harbouring microscopic colorectal liver metastases were treated with RFA, followed by a single injection of TPZ (60 mg/kg) or saline. Tumour load was assessed morphometrically 7 days later. Results TPZ induced apoptosis of colorectal tumour cells under hypoxia in vitro, which completely abolished clone-forming capacity. Under normoxia, TPZ caused a G2 cell cycle arrest from which cells recovered partly. This reduced, but did not abolish, colony-forming capacity. A single dose of TPZ largely prevented accelerated outgrowth of hypoxic micrometastases following RFA. TPZ administration was associated with minimal toxicity. Conclusions TPZ kills colorectal cancer cells in a hypoxia-dependent manner and potently suppresses hypoxia-associated outgrowth of liver metastases with limited toxicity. This warrants further studies to assess the potential value of TPZ, or other hypoxia-activated pro-drugs, as adjuvant therapeutics following RFA treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3676. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3676
Thrombophlebitis: A Treatise on Its Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Charles H. Fuller
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This very brief book is an excellent general summary of a protean subject, thrombophlebitis, based in large part on the author's broad experience in peripheral vascular disease. As a treatise, it justifiably omits an extensive bibliography. The author has clearly presented his "personal comprehension" of the problem, and considering that little is new in the field, this approach is adequate. Of the new material, he mentions the use of fibrinolysins and pulmonary embolectomy, with appropriate comments on each. He suggests that the medical profession delay widespread use of fibrinolytic agents until their total effect is better known and until laboratory methods of control are better standardized. He regards pulmonary embolectomy as a "potential major advance." The reviewer, as a surgeon, must disagree with several of the author's comments on the role of venous ligation. Dr. Estes states that neither iliac nor femoral vein ligation is suitable treatment "except, perhaps, when
Mammography After Mastectomy
Authors: Michael M. Missakian
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Study of 397 patients who had had unilateral mastectomy for cancer of the breast included thorough physical examination and mammography in each case. In 25 cases, pathologically-confirmed carcinoma of the remaining breast was found. Physical examination alone detected 15 of the tumors—nine clinically malignant and six clinically benign. Mammography demonstrated carcinomas in ten cases in which it was not previously suspected and suggested the malignant character of the six clinically benign tumors. Carcinomas detected by mammography were smaller and had fewer axillary-lymph-node metastases than did clinically palpable lesions. The authors concluded that mammography is a valuable adjunct to the physical examination for early detection of carcinoma in the remaining breast after unilateral mastectomy for this disease.
Residents' Work Hours
Authors: Mitchell Charap
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters2 November 2004Residents' Work HoursMitchell Charap, MDMitchell Charap, MDFrom New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-9-200411020-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Bedarida laments the effects of the work hour regulations. She has already noted a loss of care continuity and a real change in the attitude of residents, some of whom appear preoccupied with getting out of the hospital. She suggests that our new graduates will be ill-prepared after 3 years of training and contends that they, like their European counterparts, will need to work closely with senior physicians for several years to acquire the necessary skills for independent practice. I share her concern and have observed a lack of clinical maturity in a greater percentage of recent ...Reference1. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Program Requirements for Internal Medicine. Chicago: Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education; 1992. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoReducing Resident Work Hours: Unproven Assumptions and Unforeseen Outcomes Mitchell Charap Benefits of Resident Work Hours Regulation Kelley M. Skeff , Stephen Ezeji-Okoye , Peter Pompei , and Stanley Rockson The Effect of Work Hour Regulations on Personal Development during Residency Melinda E. Glines How Many Hours Is Enough? An Old Profession Meets a New Generation Steven A. Schroeder Residents' Work Hours Gabriella Varallo Bedarida Residents' Work Hours Sarang Kim Residents' Work Hours Timothy Lahey Residents' Work Hours Yungpo Bernard Su and Lydia Kang Residents' Work Hours Ilene M. Rosen , Judy A. Shea , and Lisa M. Bellini Metrics 2 November 2004Volume 141, Issue 9Page: 742KeywordsGraduate medical educationPatientsResidency ePublished: 2 November 2004 Issue Published: 2 November 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pulmonary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy in a Patient With Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis With FDG PET/CT
Authors: Klaus Strobel, Niklaus G. Schaefer, Daniela B. Husarik, Thomas F. Hany, Hans Steinert
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A partial whole-body PET/CT scan using F-18 FDG was performed for staging in a 62-year-old male smoker with cytologic-proven nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of the right upper lobe. PET/CT showed increased FDG accumulation in the primary lung carcinoma, in ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node metastases, and in a solitary metastasis in the left iliac bone. In addition, slightly increased FDG uptake along the periosteum of both femurs was observed. Bone windows on CT showed discrete periosteal reactions. The findings were interpreted as pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHOA). The diagnosis of PHOA was confirmed clinically by typical digital clubbing and additionally a bone scan was performed. Together with clubbed fingers and toes with eyeglass shape of the nails, neurovegetative disturbances, and dysproteinemia, the disease is also called Pierre-Marie-Bamberger syndrome.
Cancer Survivorship Issues: Life After Treatment and Implications for an Aging Population
Authors: Julia H. Rowland, Keith M. Bellizzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The US population of cancer survivors age ≥ 65 years will continue to grow rapidly over the next few decades. This growth will be driven largely by the aging of the national population. With the diffusion of earlier detection and more effective therapies, the majority of these individuals can expect to live long term after diagnosis. This often vulnerable group of survivors poses significant challenges for both researchers and clinicians with regard to how best to document and address its unique health care needs. In this article, we briefly review the long-term and late-occurring effects of cancer and its treatment in older survivors, review information on current patterns of post-treatment care and the evolving guidelines for this care, and discuss opportunities for future research.
TRANSIENT BRAIN SYNDROME AS A NON-FATAL REACTION TO COMBINED PARGYLINE IMIPRAMINE TREATMENT
Authors: R. LAYTON McCURDY, FRANCIS J. KANE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

A case of toxic reaction to combined pargyline—imipramine treatment is described, consisting of a mild acute brain syndrome and cardio-vascular irritability. Discussion of the possible toxic mechanism is given. The need for careful drug history is pointed out.
Induction of sex hormone binding globulin by phenytoin.
Authors: A Victor, P O Lundberg, E D Johansson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

dialysis may not be readily accomplished in some patients who have had recent abdominal surgery, multiple abdominal fistulas, or extreme adhesive peritonitis.The technique described here provides a good compromise, in that those patients with acute renal failure may undergo early haemodialysis with a shunt.The vasculature which is enlarged by the fast flow of the shunt may then be converted to a fistula which can be used immediately for haemodialysis.
Identification of Serum Soluble ST2 Receptor as a Novel Heart Failure Biomarker
Authors: Ellen O. Weinberg, Masahisa Shimpo, Shelley Hurwitz, Shin-ichi Tominaga, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Richard T. Lee
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Using genomic technology, we previously identified an interleukin-1 receptor family member, ST2, as a gene markedly induced by mechanical strain in cardiac myocytes. The soluble receptor form of ST2 is secreted and detectable in human serum. This study tested the hypothesis that soluble ST2 levels in the serum of patients with severe chronic heart failure are increased in patients with neurohormonal activation. Methods and Results— Serum samples, clinical variables, and neurohormone levels from the PRAISE-2 heart failure trial (NYHA functional class III-IV; end point, mortality or transplantation) were analyzed. ST2 serum measurements were performed with ELISA on samples from 161 patients obtained at trial enrollment and from 139 of the same patients obtained 2 weeks after trial enrollment. Baseline ST2 levels were correlated with baseline B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels ( r =0.36, P &lt;0.0001), baseline proatrial natriuretic peptide (ProANP) levels ( r =0.36, P &lt;0.0001), and baseline norepinephrine levels ( r =0.39, P &lt;0.0001). The change in ST2 was significant as a univariate predictor of subsequent mortality or transplantation ( P =0.048), as was baseline BNP ( P &lt;0.0001) and baseline ProANP ( P &lt;0.0001). In multivariate models including BNP and ProANP, the change in ST2 remained significant as a predictor of mortality or transplantation independent of BNP and ProANP. Conclusions— Serum soluble ST2 is a novel biomarker for neurohormonal activation in patients with heart failure. In patients with severe chronic NYHA class III to IV heart failure, the change in ST2 levels is an independent predictor of subsequent mortality or transplantation.
Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Mechanical Versus Biologic Aortic Valve Prostheses in Older Patients
Authors: J. Matthew Brennan, Fred H. Edwards, Yue Zhao, Sean O’Brien, Michael E. Booth, Rachel S. Dokholyan, Pamela S. Douglas, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— There is a paucity of long-term data comparing biological versus mechanical aortic valve prostheses in older individuals. Methods and Results— We performed follow-up of patients aged 65 to 80 years undergoing aortic valve replacement with a biological (n=24 410) or mechanical (n=14 789) prosthesis from 1991 to 1999 at 605 centers within the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database using Medicare inpatient claims (mean, 12.6 years; maximum, 17 years; minimum, 8 years), and outcomes were compared by propensity methods. Among Medicare-linked patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (mean age, 73 years), both reoperation (4.0%) and endocarditis (1.9%) were uncommon to 12 years; however, the risk for other adverse outcomes was high, including death (66.5%), stroke (14.1%), and bleeding (17.9%). Compared with those receiving a mechanical valve, patients given a bioprosthesis had a similar adjusted risk for death (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.07), higher risks for reoperation (hazard ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 2.14–3.03) and endocarditis (hazard ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–1.94), and lower risks for stroke (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.93) and bleeding (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.70). Although these results were generally consistent among patient subgroups, bioprosthesis patients aged 65 to 69 years had a substantially elevated 12-year absolute risk of reoperation (10.5%). Conclusions— Among patients undergoing aortic valve replacement, long-term mortality rates were similar for those who received bioprosthetic versus mechanical valves. Bioprostheses were associated with a higher long-term risk of reoperation and endocarditis but a lower risk of stroke and hemorrhage. These risks varied as a function of a patient’s age and comorbidities.
Medical Ethics: A Guide for Health Professionals
Authors: Michael A. Grodin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The field of medical ethics has broadened and matured over the past decade. Early discourse has focused on abortion, human experimentation, death and dying, and principles of biomedical ethics such as autonomy, beneficence, and paternalism. More recently, medical ethics has moved beyond individual patient care issues to include social, economic, and political issues and the principles of justice and fairness. <i>Medical Ethics: A Guide for Health Professionals</i>is an example of the new generation of books. The text is bold and ambitious and addresses topics at the cutting edge of contemporary medical ethics. The editors are John Monagle, a bioethicist and expert in risk management, and David Thomasma, a widely published philosopher and theologian. The text consists of 38 previously unpublished essays by 44 authors, including physicians, philosophers, lawyers, theologians, administrators, and humanists. Some argue a specific ethical position while others present balanced, multifaceted discussions. The book covers clinical issues
Met signals hepatocyte survival by preventing Fas-triggered FLIP degradation in a PI3k-Akt-dependent manner
Authors: Anice Moumen, Alessandro Ieraci, Salvatore Patané, Carme Solé, Joan X. Comella, Rosanna Dono, Flavio Maina
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The FasL-Fas couple is a general death mediator whose activated signals lead to caspase-8 activation and apoptosis in adult hepatocytes. Suppression of caspase-8 activation and cell death is a protective mechanism modulated by the FLICE-Like Inhibitory Protein (FLIP). Although hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Met are known to mediate cell survival in developing livers, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are poorly understood. We show here that Met activation by HGF impairs Fas-triggered apoptosis of primary embryonic hepatocytes and cell survival correlates with inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities. Furthermore, we found that HGF treatment prevents degradation of FLIPL triggered by Fas activation. In contrast to this, Met activation does not modulate FLIPL levels and its stability in untreated cells, thus showing the specificity of this regulatory mechanism for embryonic hepatocyte survival. Knocking down FLIP expression abolishes the ability of Met to inhibit Fas-triggered hepatocyte death, demonstrating the functional requirement of FLIP in HGF anti-apoptotic signals. By combining genetic and pharmacological approaches, we also demonstrate that the PI3K-Akt pathway is required in embryonic hepatocytes to prevent Fas-triggered FLIP degradation and death. Thus, Met acting on PI3K and Akt ensures high levels of FLIPL, and disruption of this pathway contributes to hepatic apoptosis and possibly to Fas-related liver diseases. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1210–1217.)
ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE HEAD OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: John R. Carty
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with great interest the article by Dr. Elmer Hess on this subject inThe Journal, January 3. Dr. Hess is to be commended for calling attention to the difficulties of diagnosis of lesions in the region of the head of the pancreas. I wish to call attention to several diagnostic aids which have been found useful in a consideration of these lesions. The duodenum has approximately the same shape as that of a horseshoe magnet, the pyloric end of the stomach forming the bar between the poles of the magnet. A tumor mass within the loop tends to expand the latter, often to such an extent that the horseshoe becomes a circle. Clarence Bird has emphasized the value of repeated series of roentgenograms over a period of time. Any expansion is suggestive of a growing tumor mass within the duodenal loop. This expansion can