tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
D-4F Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 and Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase, Decreases Endothelial Cell Sloughing, and Improves Vascular Reactivity in Rat Model of Diabetes
Authors: Adam L. Kruger, Stephen Peterson, Saadet Turkseven, Pawel M. Kaminski, Frank Fan Zhang, Shuo Quan, Michael S. Wolin, Nader G. Abraham
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Apolipoprotein A1 mimetic peptide, synthesized from D-amino acid (D-4F), enhances the ability of HDL to protect LDL against oxidation in atherosclerotic animals.We investigated the mechanisms by which D-4F provides antioxidant effects in a diabetic model. Sprague-Dawley rats developed diabetes with administration of streptozotocin (STZ). We examined the effects of daily D-4F (100 microg/100 g of body weight, intraperitoneal injection) on superoxide (O2-), extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), vascular heme oxygenase (HO-1 and HO-2) levels, and circulating endothelial cells in diabetic rats. In response to D-4F, both the quantity and activity of HO-1 were increased. O2- levels were elevated in diabetic rats (74.8+/-8x10(3) cpm/10 mg protein) compared with controls (38.1+/-8x10(3) cpm/10 mg protein; P<0.01). D-4F decreased O2- levels to 13.23+/-1x10(3) (P<0.05 compared with untreated diabetics). The average number of circulating endothelial cells was higher in diabetics (50+/-6 cells/mL) than in controls (5+/-1 cells/mL) and was significantly decreased in diabetics treated with D-4F (20+/-3 cells/mL; P<0.005). D-4F also decreased endothelial cell fragmentation in diabetic rats. The impaired relaxation typical of blood vessels in diabetic rats was prevented by administration of D-4F (85.0+/-2.0% relaxation). Western blot analysis showed decreased EC-SOD in the diabetic rats, whereas D-4F restored the EC-SOD level.We conclude that an increase in circulating endothelial cell sloughing, superoxide anion, and vasoconstriction in diabetic rats can be prevented by administration of D-4F, which is associated with an increase in 2 antioxidant proteins, HO-1 and EC-SOD.
Fatal subarachnoid haemorrhage in young women: role of oral contraceptives.
Authors: M Thorogood, S A Adam, J I Mann
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The authors discuss results of their examination of death certificates of 446 women ages 15-44 in England and Wales who were certified as dying of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SH).  For a variety of reasons a number of women were eliminated from this analysis and results are based on 168 completed case control sets.  Controls were matched for age marital status and social class distribution.  Postmortem findings were used for diagnosis in 57% of the cases operative findings in 5% of the cases clinical findings in 31% and angiography or tomography in 8%.  Current or past use of oral contraceptives (OCs) did not appear to be any different between cases and controls.  Known risk factors for SH were more prevalent in cases than controls.  These included hypertension preeclamptic toxemia renal disease and previous SH.  A higher rate of past use (55%) was seen among those with hypertension and a lower rate of current use (9%) when compared to nonhypertensive cases.  There were more smokers (61%) among the SH group than controls (32%).  This study confirms the importance of known risk factors for SH.  Findings from this and other studies suggest that both the relative and absolute risks of SH associated with the use of OCs are small and are probably associated with the hypertensive effect of the pill.
THU0565 The Effects of Radial Shock Wave Therapy and Low Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: T. Suleymanoglu, S. Esmaeilzadeh, E.I. Sen, D. Diracoglu, A. Yaliman, N. Eskiyurt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this prospective, randomized controlled 3-month interventional trial was to investigate the effects of Radial Shock Wave Therapy (RSWT) and Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on foot pain and plantar fascia thickness in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. <h3>Methods</h3> Ninety (82 female, 8 male) eligible patients with chronic plantar fasciitis who had no response to the conservative treatment methods for at least 6 months were included in the study and allocated to three groups, RSWT, LLLT and control groups. The RSWT program consisted of three sessions of the RSWT once a week. The LLLT program consisted of 12 sessions of the LLLT, three times a week for 4 weeks. All patients received instruction for home stretching exercises for three months. Foot pain was evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Foot Function Index (FFI) pain subscale. The thickness of plantar fascia was measured by ultrasound. All assessments were performed at baseline, immediately and three months after treatment. Statistical tests were conducted at the 0.05 significance level for all outcome measures. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty-one patients (150 feet) completed the study. The mean age of the patients was 48.8±8.3 years (range 31-70). The pain intensity (VAS) was decreased significantly in RSWT group only at the 3-month assessments (0&lt;0.001) compared with the LLLT and control groups. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the foot pain assessed by the FFI pain subscale in the RSWT compared with the controls at the 3-month assessment (0&lt;0.001). There was a significant decrease in the plantar fascia thickness in all three groups, but, these reductions were more significant in the RSWT group at immediately after treatment (p&lt;0.01) and 3-month assessments (0&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data suggest that the RSWT is effective on reducing pain and both the RSWT and LLLT can be effective in reducing the plantar thickness in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis specially at three months after treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3359
A NOTE ON THE PROGRESS OF CICATRIZATION OF WAR WOUNDS
Authors: Theodore Tuffler, R. Desmarres
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

Some hypothetical conclusions bearing on the evolution of cicatricial tissue can be suggested. The arterial circulation deposits in the wound chemical substances necessary for contraction of the wound and for epithelial proliferation. When the biologic process is not hindered by any special or severe bacterial infection this deposit is as regular as the circulation itself, and enables us to determine in advance the date of cicatrization. It even seems as though when the epidermization process is retarded by a slight infection the substances necessary for epidermization are stored up in the wound, and when the delay due to infection is removed the epithelium finds an accumulation of nutritive substances, and, so to speak, makes up the lost time. Moreover, when an infection entirely or partially stops epidermization, we have observed (Experiments 3, 4, and 5) that after the infection has disappeared the progress of new epidermization is much more rapid than normally; it even passes the calculated curve. The infection apparently destroyed only the epithelium and left in the wound the chemical substances which activate epidermization. The existence of these physical or chemical activating agents has been indicated again by two anatomical clinical facts. In treating a scalp wound in which there had been practically no epidermization for many months, we applied over the entire surface of the sterile wound dermo-epidermic grafts of fetal skin. After apparently taking, the grafts were absorbed and disappeared, but epidermization of the periphery of the wound, which hitherto had not progressed, took place abundantly, almost a hundred times as much as before. We believe that by mathematical measurements we can solve the problem of the action of various organic fluids on the cicatrization of wounds.
Targeting of chemotherapy to Tie-2-receptor positive angiogenic endothelial cells of tumor vasculature.
Authors: P Li, Y Liu, J Maynard, Y Tang, A Deisseroth
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #902 Background: There are at least three types of cells in tumor tissue which express the Tie2 receptor (Tie2R): dividing vascular endothelial cells (TVECs), Tie2R-expressing monocytes (TEMs) and Tie2R-expressing mesenchymal progenitor cells (TMPCs).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; We tested if the targeting of chemotherapy to these classes of Tie2R positive cells could suppress tumor cell growth.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: We constructed replication incompetent adenoviral vectors carrying the cytosine deaminase (CD) suicide gene driven by the mouse Tie2R transcriptional promoter and enhancer sequences. In these viruses, we inserted an RGD-4C peptide into the HI loop of the fiber knob domain of the vector to increase its transduction efficiency in TVECs. At the same time, we added two mutations (S408E and P409A) in the AB loop of the fiber, which ablated the CAR-binding ability of the vector. The resulting vector was named AdTie2RCD(MRGD).&amp;#x2028; Results: In vitro viral infection assays involving the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed that the RGD-modified vectors have a higher transduction efficiency as compared with their adenoviral vector counterparts which have a wild type fiber protein. Mice carrying the rat Her-2-Neu positive N202 mouse breast cancer cells and the mouse B16 melanoma cells were treated with intravenous injections of Hetastarch and the AdTie2RCD(MRGD) vector followed by intraperitoneal injections of 5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC). The Hetastarch was given before the intraveinous infusion of the adenoviral vector in order to reduce the uptake of the adenoviral vector by the reticuloendothelial cell system. The Tie2R targeted chemotherapy sensitization vectors induced greater degrees of suppression of tumor cell growth than did the control group, achieved the similar treatment effect to its CMV promoter counterpart, but with less side effect.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Histological analysis showed that these vectors specifically targeted the TVECs, TEMs and TMPCs through which they may have exerted cytotoxic effects in the presence of 5-FC on the tumor cells.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: Our results showed that N202 breast cancer cell line is more responsive to the Tie2R-targeting therapy compared to B16 mouse melanoma cell line and the Tie2R-directed anti-angiogenic therapy deserves further study, in combination with other types of therapy to pave the way for future clinic trails. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 902.
Pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
Authors: B R Celli
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The available evidence indicates that pulmonary rehabilitation benefits patients with symptomatic COPD. The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation programs on health care utilization is promising but requires further investigation. In contrast, aerobic lower extremity training is of benefit in several areas of importance to patients with COPD. These areas include exercise endurance, perception of dyspnea, quality of life, and self-efficacy. The exact role of upper extremity exercise and ventilatory muscle training in the exercise training programs requires further studies. Education and psychological support improve the awareness of the patient and increase their understanding of the disease, but when used alone they are of limited value. Pulmonary rehabilitation, when coupled with smoking cessation, optimization of blood gases, and medications, offers the best treatment option for patients with symptomatic airflow obstruction.
VALSALVA'S METHOD OF INFLATING THE MIDDLE EAR
Authors: George Martin McBean
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the September 5 issue, page 4, in Carson's article on otolaryngologic problems, the question of Valsalva's method of inflating middle ear is discussed and the statement made that holding the nose shut and swallowing raises the pharyngeal pressure. This experiment does not inflate the middle ear but deflates it when the drum has been bulged out by expansion of the air in the tympanic cavity. The experiment was first described by Toynbee (cited by Politzer, Adam: A Textbook of the Diseases of the Ear). Valsalva's method is to hold the nostrils closed with the fingers and then blow the air outward. Both methods may be useful in aviation, one in flying upward, the other in descending, but the two methods have directly contrary actions and should not be confused.
Landmines and other explosive war remnants maim or kill 20 people a day
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Landmines and other explosive remnants of war claimed an average of 20 new victims each day in the past decade, says a new report. 

The Landmine Monitor Report 2009 says that in the 10 years from 1999 to 2009 almost 18 000 people from 119 countries were killed by explosive war remnants and that almost 52 000 people were injured. Most of the victims (71%) were civilians, a third of them (32%) children. 

More than a quarter of the total casualties occurred in Afghanistan and Cambodia, with Afghanistan accounting for 16% of the casualties and Cambodia for 10%. Colombia and Iraq took third and fourth place.

In 2008 more than 1200 …
The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
Authors: Riccardo Velasco, Andrey Zharkikh, Jason Affourtit, Amit Dhingra, Alessandro Cestaro, Ananth Kalyanaraman, Paolo Fontana, Satish K Bhatnagar, Michela Troggio, Dmitry Pruss, Silvio Salvi, Massimo Pindo, Paolo Baldi, Sara Castelletti, Marina Cavaiuolo, Giuseppina Coppola, Fabrizio Costa, Valentina Cova, Antonio Dal Ri, Vadim Goremykin, Matteo Komjanc, Sara Longhi, Pierluigi Magnago, Giulia Malacarne, Mickael Malnoy, Diego Micheletti, Marco Moretto, Michele Perazzolli, Azeddine Si-Ammour, Silvia Vezzulli, Elena Zini, Glenn Eldredge, Lisa M Fitzgerald, Natalia Gutin, Jerry Lanchbury, Teresita Macalma, Jeff T Mitchell, Julia Reid, Bryan Wardell, Chinnappa Kodira, Zhoutao Chen, Brian Desany, Faheem Niazi, Melinda Palmer, Tyson Koepke, Derick Jiwan, Scott Schaeffer, Vandhana Krishnan, Changjun Wu, Vu T Chu, Stephen T King, Jessica Vick, Quanzhou Tao, Amy Mraz, Aimee Stormo, Keith Stormo, Robert Bogden, Davide Ederle, Alessandra Stella, Alberto Vecchietti, Martin M Kater, Simona Masiero, Pauline Lasserre, Yves Lespinasse, Andrew C Allan, Vincent Bus, David Chagné, Ross N Crowhurst, Andrew P Gleave, Enrico Lavezzo, Jeffrey A Fawcett, Sebastian Proost, Pierre Rouzé, Lieven Sterck, Stefano Toppo, Barbara Lazzari, Roger P Hellens, Charles-Eric Durel, Alexander Gutin, Roger E Bumgarner, Susan E Gardiner, Mark Skolnick, Michael Egholm, Yves Van de Peer, Francesco Salamini, Roberto Viola
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
A Clinical Note on Phlegmasia Dolens
Authors: F. Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1880)

be desired.For twelve months afterwards, he kept in good health, but at that time had a return of the sciatica from exposure to cold and wet.This, however, proved very amenable to medical treatment, and he is now in perfect health.This poor man's sufferings were very severe, and his testimony was unequivocal as to the great relief resulting from the operation.
Using statistical process control (SPC) charts for monitoring of surgical performance in vascular surgery: A case study and comparison of two monitoring methods
Authors: Amour Patel, Buket Ertansel, Abdullah Jibawi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2012)

Background: the technique of prospective monitoring of surgical performance has replaced the traditional audit models in different clinical settings. Risk-adjusted cumulative sum (CUSUM)-type charts and variable life-adjusted display (VLAD) charts are of special interest for quality improvement Method: some 25129 patients on the national vascular database who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm repair were analysed. A riskadjusted CUSUM chart, a risk-adjusted sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) chart and a VLAD chart with prediction limits chart were used to detect excess deaths. Results: control charts from two centres are shown in order to illustrate the main features of SPC monitoring systems. A risk-adjusted CUSUM model is shown and is comparedwith non-risk adjusted CUSUM and VLAD techniques. Selecting the control limit based on the simulation results of average run length using the method of fractional polynomials to produce a closed-form relationship between the average run length, control limit, and acceptable rate of failure are also described. Conclusion: risk-adjusted CUSUM technique are shown to be reliable, accurate and intuitive technique that can reliably detect outliers in major vascular surgery.
Endoscopic Closure of Iatrogenic Duodenal Perforation during Endoscopic Ultrasound
Authors: S. Sebastian, A. Byrne, W. Torreggiani, M. Buckley
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Although oesophageal perforation is a well-recognized complication during endoscopic ultrasonography [1], perforation of the duodenum during the procedure has not previously been reported.
CLINICAL USE OF HYDRALAZINE AND HEXAMETHONIUM IN TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Robert R. J. Hilker
Journal: JAMA (1953)

It is our purpose to report the use of hydralazine (Apresoline) hydrochloride and hexamethonium (Bistrium) in clinical practice. Evaluation of side-effects, safety, best method of administration, and clinical response are stressed. Excellent papers also discussing the use of these drugs have been published during the last year.<sup>1</sup> It was proved that all patients included in our series had hypertension. All had average blood pressures of 150/100 mm. Hg or more prior to therapy except one. This 26-year-old patient had a progressively rising pressure following acute glomerulonephritis and had a pretreatment average blood pressure of 150/96 mm. Hg. The maximum pressure was 300/180 mm. Hg. The majority of patients were from the practice of two of us. The rest were from the practices of other physicians on the staff of Wesley Memorial Hospital. Patients' ages ranged from 17 to 71 years. A few of the patients were entirely free of
Inhibition of peptic activity by carbenoxolone and glycyrrhetinic acid
Authors: F. D. Henman
Journal: Gut (1970)

Carbenoxolone (Biogastrone, Berk) has been shown to reduce the peptic activity and total acidity of gastric juice obtained from anaesthetized pylorus-ligated rats without affecting significantly the volume of gastric juice secreted or the K(+) concentration. Glycyrrhetinic acid was less potent in reducing peptic activity and caused no reduction in total acidity. Antipeptic activity of carbenoxolone has also been demonstrated in vitro using the pepsin plate technique and the haemoglobin pepsin assay.It is suggested that these actions of carbenoxolone may contribute to the increased rate of healing of peptic ulcer in patients treated with the drug.
Mutations in ABCD4 cause a new inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism
Authors: David Coelho, Jaeseung C Kim, Isabelle R Miousse, Stephen Fung, Marcel du Moulin, Insa Buers, Terttu Suormala, Patricie Burda, Michele Frapolli, Martin Stucki, Peter Nürnberg, Holger Thiele, Horst Robenek, Wolfgang Höhne, Nicola Longo, Marzia Pasquali, Eugen Mengel, David Watkins, Eric A Shoubridge, Jacek Majewski, David S Rosenblatt, Brian Fowler, Frank Rutsch, Matthias R Baumgartner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
A clinically relevant model of heart failure: effects of ticlopidine
Authors: A. NUTTALL, H. J SMITH, B. E LOVEDAY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

A clinically relevant model of heart failure has been developed in chronically instrumented mini-pigs by injecting Sephadex beads into the left main or circumflex coronary arteries under fluoroscopic control. In six control animals, left atrial pressure (LAP) increased from 10 ± 2 to 19 ± 2 mmHg (p<0.01) and remained elevated for 3 days. Heart rate increased by 26 beats·min−1 (p<0.05) and diastolic pressure fell after 24 h but recovered over the next 48 h. In six animals treated with ticlopidine (50 mg·kg−1p.o.) for four days prior to embolisation, the acute haemodynamic changes were less in the first day but similar to control after 3 days. Infarct size was approximately 20% of the left ventricle in control animals and 9.5% in the treated group (p<0.01). ADP-induced platelet activity was reduced in the treated animals suggesting that coronary occlusion followed both physical occlusion by the beads and later development of platelet thrombi.
TCT-416 Renal Denervation for the Management of Resistant Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Arun K. Kanmanthareddy, Nivedita P. Adabala, Avanija R. Buddam, Venkata Sandeep Koripalli, Pramod Janga, Manjari Devidi, Sunil Dacha, Madhu Reddy, Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Removing QoF targets will take funding away from general practice, says Gerada
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The promise from the health secretary to remove some of the performance targets set for GPs in England will strip funding from general practice, the chairwoman of the Royal College of General Practitioners has said.

Speaking at an “ask the chair anything” session at the annual meeting of the RCGP in Harrogate on Friday 4 October, Clare Gerada said that the college had asked many times for the original and more limited list of incentive payments to GPs to be restored to replace the current more numerous targets but that those requests had been ignored.

The health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, announced on 3 October …
Intrauterine Devices and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease-Reply
Authors: David W. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  We set out to compare the Dalkon Shield with other IUDs because there was a specific hypothesis concerning this device. It is correct that there were more total Saf-T-Coil users; however, when the Dalkon Shield is contrasted with the Saf-T-Coil, the age-adjusted relative risk estimate of 4.7 (95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 23.1) does not alter the conclusions in our article.  The discrepancy between the numbers of controls using the Dalkon Shield in our two studies is accounted for by more rigorous diagnostic criteria in the second study; this was feasible because there were more potential controls available. Thus, a patient eligible as a control in the first study may have been excluded from the second on the basis of her diagnosis. An example of such a diagnosis is colitis: this diagnosis is nonspecific, and the condition may be chronic. The selection of controls was made without knowledge
Calcific Embolization Associated with Valvotomy for Calcific Aortic Stenosis
Authors: KEITH E. HOLLEY, ROBERT C. BAHN, DWIGHT C. MCGOON, HAROLD T. MANKIN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Calcific emboli were observed in 38 of 62 patients (61 per cent) who died at varying intervals following aortic valvotomy for calcific aortic stenosis. Major coronary embolization occurred in 10 patients (16 per cent) and was considered to be a major cause of death of four patients. Minor coronary embolization occurred in 33 patients (53 per cent) and was not directly implicated as a cause of death in any patient. Calcific emboli occurred to other organs in eight patients (13 per cent). The technics instituted for reducing the incidence of embolization—occlusion of coronary ostia, diligence in detection and removal of any debris, and final aspiration of the left ventricle—appeared to have had a favorable effect.
Traumatic Separation of the Lower-Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Peirce H. Leavitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

IN RECENT years traumatic separation of the epiphysis of the lower femur has been observed to occur among schoolboy football players. The injured player, as a rule, is unable to give an accurate account of how the accident occurred; however, it seems likely that the injury results from a direct blow to the body together with a twisting in the region of the upper thigh or knee at a moment when the foot is more or less firmly fixed. Older practitioners will remember that this injury commonly happened to some young person who was attempting to "hook a ride" by . . .