tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Stomach and its Ailments Practically Arranged
Authors: W. S. Oke
Journal: BMJ (1859)

gressive science.It is, indeed, scarcely possible that the judgment should not be biassed by popular prejudice one way or other; in a doubtful case, any single individual will not, as he certainly ought not, to risk his reputation by running counter to such a prejudice, when he foresees that the disease is very likely, under any circumstances, to prove fatal.This is just one of the points on which we might hielp each other by mutual counsel and confidence, and I am sorry that there is so much feeling with many against consultations.Each one of us is too fond of his own experience, too opinionated of his own knowledge.Let us not forget that we must be to the end
Long-term Outcome After Intravenous Thrombolysis of Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Perttu J. Lindsberg
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is an infrequent disease with high morbidity and mortality. Intra-arterial thrombolysis is advocated for treatment but is limited to use at specialized centers.To evaluate outcomes for patients with BAO treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy.During 1995 to 2003, 50 consecutive patients with angiographically proven BAO were treated according to an institutional therapy protocol based on intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase). Patients were treated at an urban university teaching hospital receiving all patients with ischemic stroke who were considered for thrombolysis in a catchment area of 1.5 million inhabitants in Helsinki, Finland.Intravenous administration of alteplase (0.9 mg/kg) during a 1-hour infusion.Basilar artery recanalization determined by magnetic resonance angiography and clinical outcomes at 3 months and at 1 year or longer determined by modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index scores.Recanalization was studied in 43 patients and verified in 26 (52%) of all patients. By 3 months, 20 patients (40%) had died while 11 had good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2); 12 (24%) reached independence in activities of daily living (Barthel Index score, 95-100), and 6 (16%) were severely disabled (Barthel Index score, 0-50). In the long term (median follow-up 2.8 years), 15 patients (30%) reached good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2) while 23 (46%) died.Intravenous administration of alteplase for patients with BAO appears to be associated with rates of survival, recanalization, and independent functional outcome comparable with those reported with endovascular approaches. These data suggest that a randomized trial is needed to compare these approaches for treatment of BAO.
Has Lipoprotein 'Little' (a) Shrunk?
Authors: Elliot S. Barnathan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), refers to lipoprotein particles composed of disulfide-linked apolipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein B-100 around a cholesterol-rich lipid core. Since Berg's<sup>1</sup>initial discovery in 1963 of Lp(a) as distinct from low-density lipoprotein, many studies (most of them retrospective and cross-sectional in nature) have demonstrated an association of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with high blood Lp(a) levels.<sup>2-4</sup>The Lp(a) level, which remains relatively constant throughout life, has been suggested to be a strong, independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (MI), particularly in younger individuals<sup>5</sup>or those without other predisposing risk factors. Population studies have revealed a skewed distribution of Lp(a) levels, particularly in white and Asian populations, while black populations tend to have a more normal distribution,<sup>6</sup>with higher mean levels, yet without a substantial increase in cardiovascular risk. Genetic analyses have revealed that Lp(a) levels are primarily controlled by a series of autosomal alleles at a
A Focal Pulmonary F-18 FDG Uptake Without Pulmonary CT Abnormality in PET/CT Probably Due to Mislocation of the Urine F-18 FDG in the Left Upper Renal Calyx
Authors: Atsushi Tani, Yoriko Kajiya, Masatoyo Nakajo, Masayuki Nakajo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We experienced a case of a focal pulmonary F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake without pulmonary computed tomography (CT) abnormality probably due to the urine FDG in the upper pole calyx of the left kidney. A 76-year-old male patient was referred for evaluation of the postoperative right lung cancer. Positron emission tomography/CT was performed 1 hour after intravenous injection of FDG and showed a small focus of increased uptake in the left lower lung field accompanying no abnormality in the corresponding lung CT images. The lung uptake was not noted in repeated positron emission tomography/CT images taken after 1 hour, suggesting misplacement of the left renal upper calyx into the lower lung.
Skewed distributions II
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Researchers investigated the effects of long term treatment with metformin on the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin treatment.1 A multicentre randomised placebo controlled trial was used. A total of 390 patients were randomly assigned to receive 850 mg metformin or 850 mg placebo three times a day. Primary outcome measures included percentage change in the serum concentration of homocysteine from baseline at 4, 17, 30, 43, and 52 month follow-up. At baseline, the metformin group (n=196) had a mean homocysteine concentration of 14.4 μmol/l (standard deviation 9.7 μmol/l), compared with a mean concentration of 14.6 μmol/l (standard deviation 10.3 μmol/l) for the placebo group (n=194). Which of the following statements, if any, are true for the metformin group at baseline?
EFFECT OF CILOSTAZOL ON ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS AND HYBRID THERAPY IN MURINE HINDLIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors: Ting-Hsing Chao, Shih-Ya Tseng, Yi-Heng Li, Guey-Yueh Shi, Hua-Lin Wu, Jyh-Hong Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Confirmation of hepatitis C virus infection by new four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay
Authors: C.L. van der Poel, H.W. Reesink, J.J.P. van Boven, H.T.M. Cuypers, I. Winkel, P.J. Exel-Oehlers, W. Schaasberg, P.N. Lelie, A.J. Weiner, A. Polito, S. Quan, R. Di Nello, M. Houghton, D. Mulder-Folkerts, A. Leentvaar-Kuypers
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
A Note on the Knee-Jerk in Chorea
Authors: W. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1901)

of time.Fortunately it was very promptly controlled by means of the icebag, and care was taken not to allow it to reach anything like such a height again.I have great con- fidence in the icebag for controlling pyrexia, in children, and in this case it acted promptly and never failed in bringing about the desired effect.The intracerebral method of injecting the serum has been used in many cases in adults, on the ground that the remedy is more quickly and more effectually brought into contact with the nervous sy2tem.Full accounts of cases are given by Dr. Semple' and Dr. Gibb.2The operation could have been easily performed through the open fontanLelle of the infant.
DIFFUSE MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS IS GREATLY ELEVATED IN MALES WITH HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION, BUT NOT HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Sanjal Desai, Philip Haines, Payman Zamani, Prasad Konda, Prithvi Shiva-Kumar, Shivapriya Peddireddy, Rahul Chandra Shekhar, Snigdha Jain, Scott kers, Victor Ferrari, Julio Chirinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Primary Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Morris Steiner, Aaron D. Chaves, Harold A. Lyons, Phillip Steiner, Cecelia Portugaleza
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

In an outbreak of tuberculosis, a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from the source case, before the administration of any chemotherapy, was highly resistant to isoniazid, streptomycin and para-aminosalicylic acid. All 23 members of the immediate household were found to be positive tuberculin reactors, and in six of them active tuberculous disease developed. Evidence of spread of this infection into the local community was indicated by a significant increase in the rate of tuberculin reactors among the non-household contacts of the source case. Physicians seem to be unaware that tuberculosis still exists in certain segments of our population. Careful and persistent follow-up observation of tuberculin reactors is extremely important and may avert disaster. The drug susceptibility pattern of the source case should be reported to the chest clinic or health agency checking the contact cases. Isoniazid-resistant strains may present a problem in chemoprophylaxis.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus -- Successful Immunoprophylaxis at Last
Authors: Kenneth McIntosh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Respiratory infections in infants and children, and their complications, are responsible for enormous morbidity throughout the world and, particularly in the developing world, for substantial mortality. Of the numerous known microbial causes, respiratory syncytial virus is by far the most important agent causing lower respiratory tract disease in children in the developed world. It is also highly contagious and is responsible for yearly epidemics in which approximately half of all children under 18 months of age are infected. In this country, approximately 1 to 3 percent of infected infants are hospitalized with pneumonia or bronchiolitis1. And, like many other . . .
Blood Pressure and Adiposity in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gilles Paradis, Marie Lambert, Jennifer O’Loughlin, Claudette Lavallée, Jacinthe Aubin, Edgard Delvin, Emile Lévy, James A. Hanley
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Although obesity is associated with important hemodynamic disturbances, there are few data on population-wide blood pressure (BP) distribution in children and adolescents in this era of endemic pediatric obesity. Methods and Results— We conducted a school-based survey of a representative sample of youth aged 9, 13, and 16 years in Quebec, Canada. Resting BP was measured with an oscillometric device in 3589 subjects (80% response). Additional measures included height, weight, and subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, an age-appropriate questionnaire, and a fasting blood draw. Mean (SD) systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP) levels in 9-, 13-, and 16-year-olds were 103 (9)/57 (6), 113 (12)/58 (7), and 124 (14)/61 (7) mm Hg in males and 103 (10)/57 (6), 111 (11)/60 (7), and 114 (11)/62 (7) mm Hg in females. The prevalence of high-normal or elevated SBP was 12%, 22%, and 30% among 9-, 13-, and 16-year-old males, respectively, and 14%, 19%, and 17% among same-aged females. The prevalence of high-normal or elevated DBP was &lt;1%. In multiple linear regression analysis, body mass index was consistently associated with SBP and DBP in all age-gender groups. Conclusions— Mean SBP and the prevalence of high-normal and elevated SBP are elevated in children and adolescents. Public policy, public health programs, and clinical preventive measures are urgently needed to address the obesity epidemic and its hemodynamic consequences.
TREATMENT OF ANAL FISTULA.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: J. McFADDEN GASTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

PART 1. For a proper understanding of the principles underlying the management of anal fistule, it is requisite to present some data connected with the rectum. Morton and Witherill state that the rectum in its upper and middle portion is derived from the internal and middle layers of the blastodermic membrane, while its lower third with the anus, like the buccal cavity, is formed by the external and middle layers. The rectal veins like the rectal arteries are divided into three sets; superior, middle and inferior. They form two distinct venous systems, the rectal emptying into the portal system, and the anal terminating in the internal iliac. The throat and rectum have many points of correspondence in their structure, being supplied with circular fibers, which make them the counterparts of each other, by opening and closing their respective orifices. There are two sets of muscular fibers encircling the lower part
Abstract SY42-02: Sensitization to chemoradiation by inhibition of cell cycle checkpoints
Authors: Meredith Ann Morgan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Chemoradiation is uniquely effective at generating DNA DSBs (double-strand breaks) in the environment of chemotherapy-induced DNA damage and replication stress producing complex, difficult-to-repair DNA DSBs. However, chemoradiation therapy also initiates robust cell cycle checkpoint responses in tumor cells which promote repair of DNA damage and thus contribute to therapy resistance. Thus, inhibition of cell cycle checkpoints by inhibitors of kinases such as Wee1 or Chk1 is an especially effective strategy for sensitizing tumor cells to chemoradiation. In addition to abrogating cell cycle checkpoints, inhibitors of Wee1 and Chk1 inhibit homologous recombination repair of DNA DSBs. Furthermore, the efficacy of PARP1/2 [poly (ADP- ribose) polymerase1/2] inhibitors in homologous recombination repair defective tumor cells provides a rationale for the combination of Wee1 or Chk1 inhibitors with PARP1/2 inhibitors and radiation. Clinical investigation of Wee1 inhibitors with chemoradiation has recently been initiated. Novel combinations of targeted agents such as Wee1 and PARP1/2 inhibitors with radiation are an important area of emphasis for future clinical studies. Preclinical studies to define optimal agent combinations and scheduling, mechanisms of tumor cell selectivity, and biomarkers will improve the likelihood of clinical success for these combinations. Citation Format: Meredith Ann Morgan. Sensitization to chemoradiation by inhibition of cell cycle checkpoints. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY42-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY42-02
Cytisine increased smoking cessation in adults
Authors: Daniella A. Zipkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club17 January 2012Cytisine increased smoking cessation in adultsDaniella A. Zipkin, MDDaniella A. Zipkin, MDDuke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA (D.A.Z.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationWest R, Zatonski W, Cedzynska M, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of cytisine for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1193-200. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21991893Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Pulmonology: References1 Wu P, Wilson K, Dimoulas P, Mills EJ. Effectiveness of smoking cessation therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:300. [PMID: 17156479] Google Scholar2 Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, et al. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Clinical practice guideline. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 2008. Google Scholar3 Cahill K, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(2):CD006103. [PMID: 21328282] Google Scholar4 Leung LK, Patafio FM, Rosser WW. Gastrointestinal adverse effects of varenicline at maintenance dose: a meta-analysis. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2011;11:15. [PMID: 21955317] Google Scholar5 Singh S, Loke YK, Spangler JG, Furberg CD. Risk of serious adverse cardiovascular events associated with varenicline: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2011;183:1359-66. [PMID: 21727225] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA (D.A.Z.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 January 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 17 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 2Page: JC1-6KeywordsDrugsNauseaNicotinePregnancyPulmonary medicineRisk management ePublished: 17 January 2012 Issue Published: 17 January 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Splanchnic Blood Volume in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: ELLIOT RAPAPORT, MYRON H. WEISBART, MILTON LEVINE, Pasquale Cifarelli, Armen Renjilian
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Little data have been accumulated regarding the contribution of regional volumes to the increased total blood volume observed in congestive heart failure. This report deals with the measurement of splanchnic blood volume in 12 patients in congestive heart failure compared with results obtained in 10 control subjects similarly studied.
Involvement of Upper-Airway Muscles in Extrapyramidal Disorders
Authors: Walter G. Vincken, Serge G. Gauthier, Rudolf E. Dollfuss, Robert E. Hanson, Carmen M. Darauay, Manuel G. Cosio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

To identify the site and cause of airflow limitation in patients with parkinsonism, we tested pulmonary function in 27 patients with extrapyramidal disorders. In 24 patients, an abnormal flow-volume loop contour, showing either regular (18 patients) or irregular (6 patients) flow oscillations, was found. On direct fiberoptic visualization of the upper airway, these oscillations corresponded to either rhythmic (4 to 8 Hz) or irregular involuntary movements of glottic and supraglottic structures. Ten patients had physiologic evidence of upper-airway obstruction, which was symptomatic in four. We conclude that the upper-airway musculature is frequently involved in extrapyramidal disorders. This causes upper-airway dysfunction that can be severe enough to limit airflow.
Severe Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: B Wisse, A D Sniderman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Figure 1. A 45-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease was seen for acute bacterial endocarditis. Echocardiographic study revealed marked mitral regurgitation with a large vegetation on the atrial side of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. At coronary angiography, a 30 percent stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery and a 70 percent stenosis of the midportion of the right coronary artery were evident. Left ventriculography revealed normal systolic function with grade III/IV mitral regurgitation. The hemodynamic findings were of particular interest. A pulmonary-artery tracing (Panel A) revealed an elevated pulmonary-artery pressure, with a peak early systolic . . .
Lack of Directly Observed Treatment Affects Tuberculosis Relapse Rates
Authors: Catherine Seyler, Eugène Messou, Siaka Toure, Xavier Anglaret
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Conflict of Interest Statement : A.D.G. does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript. D.G. is currently the recipient of an investigator-initiated grant from AstraZeneca Ltd. for an unrelated research project on the effect of intranasal budesonide in mild sleep-disordered breathing in children. He serves on the national speaker bureau of Merck
Death from Atropine Poisoning
Authors: W. E. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1950)

THE MALARIA PARASITE t= pre-erythrocytic development of the parasites takes place in the parenchymal cells of the liver with the production of merozoites which invade the erythrocytes to establish the blood infection.At the same time strong evidence has been adduced to suggest that this developmental cycle in the liver persists after the establishment of the erythrocytic infection, may even exist without the latter, is relatively unaffected by the immunity response of the host, and is the probable sburce of relapses of the disease.
Primary late-onset hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with inflammatory polyarthritis and septic arthritis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Authors: C L Johnston, A D Webster, D Taylor-Robinson, G Rapaport, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

A case is reported of primary late-onset hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with a chronic seronegative, nonerosive arthritis, which was complicated by an episode of septic arthritis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The patient had subcutaneous nodules which have not been regarded previously as a feature of the chronic arthritis associated with hypogammaglobulinaemia. The diagnosis of septic arthritis was delayed for 2 months until synovial fluid was specifically cultured for mycoplasmas. This delay resulted in considerable joint destruction. The importance of searching for mycoplasmas in similar cases is emphasised.
Molecular basis for thymidine modulation of the efficacy and toxicity of alkylating agents
Authors: Wen-Jen Poo Hwu, Diane E. Mozdziesz
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1997)

The antitumor activity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-l-nitrosourea (BCNU) in mice previously was shown to be markedly enhanced by co-administration of thymidine. We have examined the cellular mechanisms underlying the augmentation effect of thymidine. It was found that thymidine did not increase the cytotoxicity of BCNU for B16F10 melanoma or LI210 leukemia cells in vitro. Instead, thymidine appeared to augment the activity of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells in tumor-bearing mice, which specifically rejected a secondary challenge with the B16F10 tumor. Thus, development of an antitumor immune response is facilitated by thymidine in BCNU-induced immunosuppressed mice. These preclinical studies suggested that combination therapy with alkylating agents and thymidine may be a more efficacious and less toxic anticancer therapy. The potential efficacy of the sequential administration of dacarbazine (DTIC), BCNU, and thymidine in patients with advanced malignant melanoma was investigated. As predicted from animal studies, sequential administration of DTIC, BCNU, and thymidine is a relatively nontoxic therapy for metastatic melanoma. This treatment induced durable responses in up to 35% of patients, and hence is superior to many commonly used toxic combination chemotherapies. The mechanism of action, although not well characterized, is thought to be mediated through protection of the cellular immune process, as well as organ function, from alkylating agent toxicity through modulation of DNA repair enzymes such as O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in normal tissue. Thus, thymidine is a biomodulator, which not only protects patients from hematologic, pulmonary, and hepatic toxicities associated with DTIC and BCNU chemotherapy, but also potentiates therapeutic efficacy.
Constitutive expression of a groEL-related protein on the surface of human gamma/delta cells.
Authors: W Jarjour, L A Mizzen, W J Welch, S Denning, M Shaw, T Mimura, B F Haynes, J B Winfield
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Rabbit antibodies to hsp58 (P1), the human homologue of the Escherichia coli stress protein groEL, react specifically in indirect immunofluorescence and complement-dependent microcytoxicity experiments with a cell surface antigen expressed constitutively by T cell lines bearing gamma/delta receptors. This anti-hsp58-reactive antigen is not demonstrable on T cells that express alpha/beta receptors or on various cells that lack T cell receptors. Certain evidence was obtained to suggest that the target antigen on the surface of gamma/delta T cells is a approximately 77-kD protein distinct from intracellular hsp58 and known members of the hsp70 stress protein family. While the exact nature and significance of this anti-hsp58-reactive protein remain to be determined, these data may help to clarify the roles of groEL-related stress proteins and gamma/delta cells that recognize groEL homologous in immunologic defense against infection and in autoimmune disease.