tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of transjugular liver biopsy in fulminant liver failure: Relation to other prognostic indicators
Authors: Bruce W. Donaldson, Ramya Gopinath, Ian R. Wanless, James M. Phillips, Ross Cameron, Eve A. Roberts, Paul D. Greig, Gary Levy, Laurence M. Blendis
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Early and accurate diagnosis and prognosis of patients with fulminant liver failure is of critical importance for optimum management. We investigated the role of transjugular liver biopsy in the management of patients with fulminant liver failure and assessed its value in comparison with the recently proposed King's College criteria. Sixty-one patients with fulminant liver failure, ages 2 to 82 yr, were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcome measures were survival vs. death or progression to orthotopic liver transplantation. Transjugular liver biopsy was successful in 60 of 61 patients, with a mean core tissue length of 2.1 cm. There were eight minor complications, all of which were managed conservatively. Biopsy specimens were evaluated for degree of fibrosis, percentage of hepatocellular necrosis and presence of bile duct proliferation, hepatocellular mitotic figures and binucleate hepatocytes for each of the 54 specimens available for analysis. In 34 of 54 patients (63%), the presumed clinical diagnosis was confirmed by transjugular liver biopsy. In 11 patients the procedure served to clarify clinical uncertainty, whereas in 9 of 54 (16.7%) the diagnosis was altered after transjugular liver biopsy. The percentage of necrosis was the only histological parameter that appeared to have significant discriminatory prognostic value, with only 2 of 19 survivors having greater than 70% necrosis. Twenty-one of these biopsy specimens were reviewed by two pathologists, and their degree of correlation for the various features was assessed. Almost perfect concordance was found between the two pathologists on the percentage of hepatocellular necrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
911-38 Effect of Single Loading Oral Propafenone or Digoxin in Recent Onset Atrial Fibrillation: Conversion to Sinus Rhythm and Modulation of Ventricular Rate. A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study
Authors: Giovanni Luca Botto, Walter Bonini, Tiziana Sroffoni, Rossana Lombardi, Santo Molteni, Santo Zerboni, Giovanni Ferrari, Guido Bernasconi, Mario Frigerio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Abnormal Albuminuria as a Predictor of Mortality and Renal Impairment in Chinese Patients With NIDDM
Authors: Juliana C N Chan, Chi-Keung Cheung, Margaret Y F Cheung, Ramasmyiyer Swaminathan, Julian A J H Critchley, Clive S Cockram
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE Microalbuminuria predicts mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but its association with deterioration of renal function remains more controversial than in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Using albumin-to-creatinine ratios (ACRs) in random spot urine samples is a convenient method for evaluating albuminuria. We studied prospectively the predictive values of albuminuria in NIDDM when assessed by this urine measurement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Between 1991 and 1992, we restudied the clinical and biochemical status of 403 Chinese NIDDM patients recruited in 1989 after a follow-up period of 26.6 ± 3.2 months (mean ± SD). Spot urine ACR was measured on two occasions and microalbuminuria was defined as a mean ACR between 5.6 and 38 mg/mmol. RESULTS From the original cohort, 29 patients had died mostly because of cardiovascular events with or without renal failure. The overall relative risk of death in patients with abnormal albuminuria was 7.1 (P &amp;lt; 0.001) (microalbuminuria: 3.7, P = 0.04; macroalbuminuria: 11, P &amp;lt; 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the independent predictive factors for mortality were plasma creatinine (wald = 12.1, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and glucose concentrations (wald = 10.4, P &amp;lt; 0.001) in the normo- and microalbuminuric patients (n = 11) and age (wald = 4.4, P = 0.03) and plasma creatinine (wald = 8.2, P &amp;lt; 0.01) in the macroalbuminuric group (n = 18). In the survivors (n = 374), baseline spot urine ACR was independently associated with 2-year spot urine ACR in the normo- (P &amp;lt; 0.001), micro- (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and macroalbuminuric groups (P = 0.01). In addition, baseline spot urine ACR was independently related to 2-year plasma creatinine (P = 0.01) in the macroalbuminuric group. The rates of change of the reciprocal of plasma creatinine (Δ [Cr]−1) were −27.3 ± 62.5, −43.4 ± 68.6, and −108.8 ± 98.81·μmol−1·months−1 in the normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuric groups, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The Δ [Cr]−1 was independently and inversely related to the baseline spot urine ACR (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and 2-year systolic blood pressure (P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal albuminuria as indicated by a random spot urine ACR &amp;gt; 5.6 mg/mmol predicts increased mortality and is associated with the progression of albuminuria and deterioration of renal function in Chinese NIDDM patients.
Deep vein thrombosis.
Authors: A. A. Connolly
Journal: BMJ (1988)

the control of communicable disease.A recent example is the largest recorded food related out- break of paratyphoid, which occurred in Birming- ham early this year and was successfully dealt with under the present control of infection arrangements.Another example is the outbreak Qf legionnaires' disease in London which Dr Cunningham and her colleagues had to deal witlY.One shudders to think what would have happened if the government had accepted the Acheson recommendations when the report was published.
Genetic regulation of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus–specific IgE responsiveness: A genome-wide multipoint linkage analysis in families recruited through 2 asthmatic sibs
Authors: Nobuyuki Hizawa, Linda R. Freidhoff, Yen-Feng Chiu b, Eva Ehrlich, Craig A. Luehr, Jennifer L. Andersonc, David L. Duffy, Georgia M. Dunston, James L. Weber, Shau-Ku Huang, Kathleen C. Barnes, David G. Marsh, Terri H. Beaty
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)

Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) is one of the most frequently implicated allergens in atopic diseases. Although HLA could play an important role in the development of the IgE response to the Der p allergens, genetic regulation by non-HLA genes influences certain HLA-associated IgE responses to complex allergens.
Recurrent urinary infections.
Authors: P Dure-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1972)

idealistic perfection, our's of the practical care of children.Finally, a standard dosage regimen recom- mended for nitrofurantoin is 7 mg/kg/24 hours.'For a 2-year-old weighing approximately 12 kg 75 mg per day is not excessive.Not being blessed with foresight, we were not able to foresee the results firom Professor de Wardener's department that Dr. Bailey refers to,2 as these had not been published at the time we draf:ed our article, let alone at the time we were treating the child con- oerned.-Weare, etc.,
Loss of p120-Catenin Induces Metastatic Progression of Breast Cancer by Inducing Anoikis Resistance and Augmenting Growth Factor Receptor Signaling
Authors: Ron C.J. Schackmann, Sjoerd Klarenbeek, Eva J. Vlug, Suzan Stelloo, Miranda van Amersfoort, Milou Tenhagen, Tanya M. Braumuller, Jeroen F. Vermeulen, Petra van der Groep, Ton Peeters, Elsken van der Wall, Paul J. van Diest, Jos Jonkers, Patrick W.B. Derksen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Metastatic breast cancer remains the chief cause of cancer-related death among women in the Western world. Although loss of cell-cell adhesion is key to breast cancer progression, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that drive tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, we show that somatic loss of p120-catenin (p120) in a conditional mouse model of noninvasive mammary carcinoma results in formation of stromal-dense tumors that resemble human metaplastic breast cancer and metastasize to lungs and lymph nodes. Loss of p120 in anchorage-dependent breast cancer cell lines strongly promoted anoikis resistance through hypersensitization of growth factor receptor (GFR) signaling. Interestingly, p120 deletion also induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, a feature that likely underlies the formation of the prometastatic microenvironment in p120-negative mammary carcinomas. Our results establish a preclinical platform to develop tailored intervention regimens that target GFR signals to treat p120-negative metastatic breast cancers.
Careers in Clinical Research: Obstacles and Opportunities
Authors: Nathaniel I. Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This book is a report prepared by the Committee on Addressing Career Paths for Clinical Research of the Institute of Medicine. It is the latest in a series of reports, analyses, and commentaries from several sources that stem from the perception of a sharp decline in interest by young physicians in seeking research training and in pursuing a career in clinical research. Concern began in 1979, when Wyngaarden described clinical investigators as an endangered species and reached a climax when in 1992 Ahrens chose<i>The Crisis in Clinical Research</i>as the title of his book. Characteristic of this type of report, there is an introductory executive summary, which condenses the report, makes a number of specific recommendations, and calls attention to other concerns for which it does not make recommendations. In many respects the executive summary is the heart of the report. The data portion follows. Its four sections, which
Elevated circulating adenosine level potentiates antigen-induced immediate bronchospasm and bronchoconstrictor mediator release in sensitized guinea pigs☆☆☆★★★
Authors: E HUSZAR, I HORVATH, E BARAT, I HERJAVECZ, G BOSZORMENYINAGY, M KOLLAI
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
A Diagnostic Index of Clinical Practice
Authors: Chester Cassel
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In this method of accrual of medical data by clinicians, entry and retrieval of information is facilitated by directly recording patient data in diagnostic categories according to the familiar anatomical organ system classification instead of a numerical code. The diagnostic index is kept in loose-leaf form, with tabulation of the patient's name, chart number, diagnosis, and other conditions present. Certain diagnoses are frequent enough to warrant insertion in a separate column of the page or on a separate page under the appropriate organ system. Special pages are used for diagnostic procedures, deaths, perplexing problems, and complaints, making it possible to assemble all pertinent data derived from ambulatory or hospital practice. This system allows any physician access to his own clinical experiences with minimal effort. (<i>JAMA</i>237:663-667, 1977)
Abstract 5482: c-Met and DR5 co-expression is an independent prognostic marker for better survival in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Shahab Uddin, Azhar R. Hussain, Maqbool Ahmed, Nasser Al-Sanea, Alaa AbdulJabbar, Luai H. Ashari, Samar Al-Homoud, Fouad Al-Dayel, Prashant Bavi, Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Recently, dysregulated over-expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-Met has been reported in variety of cancers. However, its role in colo-rectal carcinoma (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of c-Met in a large series of Middle Eastern CRC patient samples and CRC cell lines. c-Met was over-expressed in 86.8% of CRC and was strongly associated with expression of p-AKT (p&amp;lt;0.0001), DR5 (p=0.0084) and Ki67 (p=0.011) by immuno-histochemistry. Co-expression of c-Met and DR5 was associated with less aggressive phenotype, a better overall survival (p=0.0027) and was an independent prognostic marker. In vitro, PHA665752, a selective c-Met inhibitor, inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in CRC cells. Additionally, PHA665752 treatment caused dephosphorylation of c-Met, AKT and its downstream effector targets FOXO1, GSK-3 and p-Bad. Interestingly, PHA665752 treatment of CRC cell lines also caused up-regulation of DR5 and combination treatment with TRAIL and PHA665752 significantly synergized CRC cells to undergo apoptosis. In-vivo, co-treatment of CRC xenograft with PHA665752 and TRAIL significantly reduced tumor volume and weight. Protein analysis of in-vivo xenografts by immuno-blotting showed that co-treatment with TRAIL and PHA665752 inactivated met and AKT more effectively as compared to treatment with TRAIL or PHA665752 alone. Finally, activation and cleavage of caspase-3 was more pronounced in CRC xenografts treated with combination of TRAIL and PHA665752. Altogether, these data demonstrate a significant correlation between expression of c-Met and DR5 in CRC patients. Furthermore, inhibition of c-Met signaling by PHA665752 in combination with TRAIL significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in CRC cell lines suggesting that this may have significant clinical implications as a therapeutic target in the treatment of CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5482. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5482
Abnormal Bone Mineral Maturation in the Chronic Uremic State
Authors: Jean E. Russell, John D. Termine, Louis V. Avioli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

X-ray diffraction analysis of bone from chronically uremic but nonacidotic rats with normocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia revealed smaller apatite crystals and an increase in the X-ray amorphous mineral fraction when compared to age-matched, pair-fed control animals, indicating less advanced mineral maturation in the uremic animals. Studies in animals with varied degrees of chronic renal insufficiency revealed a progression of the bone crystal maturational defect with advancing uremia.
The Gelatin Method of Preserving Specimens.
Authors: William Dudley Hall
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Boston, July 16, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The title page of "Pathology and Treatment of Glaucoma" by Priestley Smith, published by Churchill, London, 1891, states that the volume is a revised publication, with additions, of the Erasmus Wilson lectures, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, in March, 1889. This is interesting in view of the claims for priority as regards the gelatin method of preserving specimens in Prof. Watters' letter inThe Journal, A. M. A., July 14, 1906. Smith's method may be briefly described somewhat as follows: Fixation by the bichromate method, freezing, bisecting and embedding in a glycerin or gelatin jelly, the latter being prepared by soaking gelatin in water (⅛), melting, and after adding the white of an egg, boiling and filtering. Glycerin, 8 parts, and 60 drops of 10 per cent. carbolic acid is then added. At page 183 of this monograph it
Global Gene Expression Analysis of Reactive Stroma in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Olga Dakhova, Mustafa Ozen, Chad J. Creighton, Rile Li, Gustavo Ayala, David Rowley, Michael Ittmann
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Marked reactive stroma formation, designated as grade 3 reactive stroma, is associated with poor outcome in clinically localized prostate cancer. To understand the biological processes and signaling mechanisms underlying the formation of such reactive stroma, we carried out microarray gene expression analysis of laser-captured reactive stroma and matched normal stroma. Experimental Design: Seventeen cases of reactive stroma grade 3 cancer were used to laser-capture tumor and normal stroma. Expression analysis was carried out using Agilent 44K arrays. Up-regulation of selected genes was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Expression data was analyzed to identify significantly up- and down-regulated genes, and gene ontology analysis was used to define pathways altered in reactive stroma. Results: A total of 544 unique genes were significantly higher in the reactive stroma and 606 unique genes were lower. Gene ontology analysis revealed significant alterations in a number of novel processes in prostate cancer reactive stroma, including neurogenesis, axonogenesis, and the DNA damage/repair pathways, as well as evidence of increases in stem cells in prostate cancer reactive stroma. Conclusions: Formation of reactive stroma in prostate cancer is a dynamic process characterized by significant alterations in growth factor and signal transduction pathways and formation of new structures, including nerves and axons.
Change in the Quality of Care Delivered to Medicare Beneficiaries, 1998-1999 to 2000-2001
Authors: Stephen F. Jencks, Edwin D. Huff, Timothy Cuerdon
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> Despite widespread concern regarding the quality and safety of health care, and a Medicare Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) program intended to improve that care in the United States, there is only limited information on whether quality is improving. <h3>Objective</h3> To track national and state-level changes in performance on 22 quality indicators for care of Medicare beneficiaries. <h3>Design, Patients, and Setting</h3> National observational cross-sectional studies of national and state-level fee-for-service data for Medicare beneficiaries during 1998-1999 (baseline) and 2000-2001 (follow-up). <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Twenty-two QIO quality indicators abstracted from state-wide random samples of medical records for inpatient fee-for-service care and from Medicare beneficiary surveys or Medicare claims for outpatient care.<i>Absolute improvement</i>is defined as the change in performance from baseline to follow-up (measured in percentage points for all indicators except those measured in minutes);<i>relative improvement</i>is defined as the absolute improvement divided by the difference between the baseline performance and perfect performance (100%). <h3>Results</h3> The median state's performance improved from baseline to follow-up on 20 of the 22 indicators. In the median state, the percentage of patients receiving appropriate care on the median indicator increased from 69.5% to 73.4%, a 12.8% relative improvement. The average relative improvement was 19.9% for outpatient indicators combined and 11.9% for inpatient indicators combined (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). For all but one indicator, absolute improvement was greater in states in which performance was low at baseline than those in which it was high at baseline (median<i>r</i>= −0.43; range: 0.12 to −0.93). When states were ranked on each indicator, the state's average rank was highly stable over time (<i>r</i>= 0.93 for 1998-1999 vs 2000-2001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Care for Medicare fee-for-service plan beneficiaries improved substantially between 1998-1999 and 2000-2001, but a much larger opportunity remains for further improvement. Relative rankings among states changed little. The improved care is consistent with QIO activities over this period, but these cross-sectional data do not provide conclusive information about the degree to which the improvement can be attributed to the QIOs' quality improvement efforts.
Coping on Canvas
Authors: Ryan M. McAdams
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Digoxin affects potassium homeostasis during exercise in patients with heart failure
Authors: T. A Schmidt, H. Bundgaard, H. L Olesen, N. H Secher, K. Kjeldsen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: The aim was to evaluate whether digitalisation of heart failure patients affects extrarenal potassium handling during and following exercise, and to assess digoxin receptor occupancy in human skeletal muscle in vivo. Methods: In a paired study of before versus after digitalisation, 10 patients with congestive heart failure underwent identical exercise sessions consisting of three bouts of increasing work rates, 41–93 W, on a cycle ergometer. The final bouts were followed by exercise to exhaustion. The femoral vessels and brachial artery were catheterised. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, leg blood flow, cardiac output, plasma potassium, haemoglobin, pH, and skeletal muscle receptor occupancy with digoxin in biopsies were determined. Results: Occupancy of skeletal muscle Na/K-ATPase with digoxin was 9% (P < 0.05). Following digitalisation femoral venous plasma potassium increased by 0.2–0.3 mmol·litre−1 (P < 0.05) at work rates of 69 W, 93 W, and at exhaustion, as well as during the first 3 min of recovery. Following digitalisation the femoral venoarterial difference in plasma potassium increased by 50–100% (P < 0.05) during exercise, and decreased by 66–75% (P < 0.05) during early recovery. Total loss of potassium from the leg increased by 138%. The effects of digitalisation on plasma potassium were not the outcome of changes in haemodynamics, because cardiac output and leg blood flow increased by up to 13% and 19% (P < 0.05), nor was it the outcome of changes in haemoconcentration or pH. Conclusions: Extrarenal potassium handling is altered as a result of digoxin treatment. This is likely to reflect a reduced capacity of skeletal muscle Na/K-ATPase for active potassium uptake because of inhibition by digoxin, adding to the reduction of skeletal muscle Na/K-ATPase concentration induced by heart failure per se. In heart failure patients, improved haemodynamics induced by digoxin may, however, increase the capacity for physical conditioning. Thus the impairment of extrarenal potassium homeostasis by heart failure and digoxin treatment may be counterbalanced by training.