tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radioligand binding studies of adrenergic receptors and their clinical relevance.
Authors: P J Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Ahlquist in 1948 first recognised that there were two distinct types of adrenoceptor, which he was able to differentiate by comparing the rank order of potency of several adrenergic agonists in various tissues.1 Alpha-adrenoceptors which mediate smooth muscle contraction were characterised by the potency order adrenaiine> noradrenaline >isoprenaline and beta adrenoceptors, mediating relaxation, by the rank order isoprenaline > adrenaline > noradrenaline. Since then specific antagonists such as phentolamine, which blocks a-adrenorecep tors, and propranalol, which blocks ?-adrenoreceptors3 have been developed. Beta-adrenoceptors have been subclassified into ?x-receptors, which mediate positive inotropic cardiac re? sponses and lipolysis and for which adrenaline and noradrena? line are equipotent, and ?o-receptors, which mediate relaxation in vascular, bronchial, and uterine smooth muscle for which adrenaline is more potent than noradrenaline.2 Antagonists such as practolol, atenolol, and metroprolol are more potent at ?x than ?2-receptors (and are therefore termed cardioselective), whereas agonists such as salbutamol and terbutaline are more potent at ?2than ?rreceptors (and are therefore termed  bronchodilators). Some tissues show a response intermediate between ?A and ?2-receptors, which may be explained by the co-existence of both types of ?-receptor. More recently, the existence of a-receptor subtypes has been recognised, based on the development of selective agents.3 Alphai-receptors are the classical post-synaptic a-receptors which mediate smooth muscle contraction, whereas a2-receptors, located presynaptically, reduce the amount of noradrenaline released from the nerve ending?that is, an autoinhibitory effect. There is some evidence that a2-receptors may also be located post-synaptically and on platelets. Prazosin is a selective antagonist of aj-receptors and the plant alkaloid yohimbine a selective antagonist of a2-receptors, whereas phento lamine is equipotent at ax and a2-receptors. Clonidine is a more potent agonist at a2 than ax-receptors.
Prevention of Neonatal Herpes Infection
Authors: Irwin Schultz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We read with interest the report of Nahmias et al (<b>199</b>:164, 1967), "Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection." We have had some experience with similar infections, although to documentation of all aspects in mother and baby is not always possible. We agree with most of the recommendations made but would add one simple additional point. Herpes antibody is a very effective neutralizer of most of the free virus particles. We have made it a practice to swab the newborn infant with a dilute solution of γ-globulin known to contain herpes antibodies, with the idea of immediately reducing the infectious burden in the vicinity of the newborn baby. Further procedures would then be followed as described in the article. This method has not been tested in any controlled studies but seems to be reasonable, inexpensive, and potentially very efficacious. We have routinely used γ-globulin 1:-100 in saline solution for
Thoracoscopic Talc Poudrage Pleurodesis for Chronic Recurrent Pleural Effusions
Authors: Yossef Aelony, Randel King, Christian Boutin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

▪ Objective: To assess the effectiveness of thoracoscopic talc poudrage for the treatment of chronic pleural effusions. ▪ Design: Prospective evaluation. ▪ Setting: Kaiser-Permanente Hospital. ▪ Patients: Forty-seven consecutive patients with recalcitrant pleural effusions, referred for thoracoscopy. ▪ Intervention: Patients received general or local anesthesia; 42 had a 7-mm rigid thoracoscopic examination followed by insufflation of 5 mL of talc. Patients then had chest-tube drainage. ▪ Measurements: We recorded clinical characteristics, final diagnosis, procedure-related pain and morbidity, days of hospitalization, patient-reported degree of symptom relief, and chest roentgenographic results at 1, 3, and 12 months. All patients were followed for 16 months or until death. ▪ Main Results: Of 39 evaluable patients, all reported prolonged relief of effusion-related dyspnea. Radiographic results confirmed the elimination of pleural effusions in 34 patients (87%), including all 11 with benign conditions and 23 of 28 (82%) with malignancies. Treatment failed in three patients because of entrapped lung and in two patients with mesotheliomas whose effusions recurred more than a year after treatment. No procedure-related mortality or morbidity was found. Ambulatory patients required hospitalization for a mean of 3.9 days (range, 2 to 11 days). Mild pain was reported by some patients. The mean duration of chest-tube drainage was 2.7 days (range, 1 to 9 days). Patients with malignant disease lived an average of 12.4 months (range, 1 to 61 months) after the procedure. ▪ Conclusions: Thoracoscopic talc poudrage is an effective pleural sclerosing technique and is relatively painless.
The Pritikin Diet-Reply
Authors: James Stacey
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply. —  The medical news writers of the American Medical Association attempt to produce news release copy that accurately reflects information published in AMA journals that is readily accessible to lay readers. The change of wording from   to   referred to by Nathan Pritikin does not seem to violate the meaning of the passage in question. Concern suggests a matter for consideration, while evidence denotes an outward sign, or indication. Thus, some concern suggests, indeed, that there were indications that the diet might reduce resistance to infection.
Integrative Pain Medicine: The Science and Practice of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pain Management
Authors: Edzard Ernst
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Respecting the autonomy of cancer patients when talking with their families: qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews with patients
Authors: J. Benson, N. Britten
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To discover cancer patients9 views about disclosure of information to their family, their family9s influence over the information given them, and their preferences for doctors9 behaviour if they and their family disagree, as a complement to applied ethical theory. <b>Design</b>: Semistructured interviews followed by qualitative content analysis. <b>Setting</b>: Mainly urban British general practice. <b>Subjects</b>: 30 patients in whom cancer, excluding basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, was diagnosed 1-7 years earlier. <b>Results</b>: All subjects wished doctors to respect their views rather than those of their family, should they differ. With their consent, subjects favoured close family receiving information about their illness, all but one mentioning advantage to their family. Without such consent, six unconditionally favoured disclosure of information to their family while seven unconditionally opposed disclosure. Seventeen participants restricted their approval for such disclosure to specific circumstances. Only two participants approved of their family influencing the information that they received about their illness; all but seven wished to receive full information, the exceptions relating to information about bad prognosis. <b>Conclusions</b>: Subjects favoured openness with their family but most rejected unconditional disclosure of information without their consent and their family influencing what information they would be given. They valued respect for their autonomy more highly than beneficence and considered that their own needs took priority over those of their family. <h3>Key messages</h3> We interviewed 30 patients with a diagnosis of cancer to find their views about these issues While the patients favoured their family receiving information about their illness with their consent, most were opposed to their family receiving information without their consent except under specific circumstances Almost all the patients were opposed to their family influencing the information that they would receive about their illness The patients therefore wished their autonomy to be respected over and above any beneficent views of their relatives and considered that their needs should take priority over those of their family
Abstract 205: Bortezomib and paclitaxel synergistically induce apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells
Authors: Octavian Bucur, Andreea L. Stancu, Stefana M. Petrescu, Roya Khosravi-Far
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Bcr-Abl fusion protein plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) and in some of the Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) cases. Current inhibitors of Abl kinases, such as Imatinib, have shown great promise in the treatment of CML, however, the emergence of the resistance and the persistence of the residual disease have underlined the importance of finding new ways of treatment CML and especially of the resistant forms of CML. We and others have previously shown that Bortezomib (FDA approved for the treatment of Multiple Myeloma), a selective proteasome inhibitor, efficiently induces apoptosis in Imatinib resistant Bcr-Abl T315I cells, and established Bortezomib as a potential important treatment in Bcr-Abl positive leukemias, determining the initiation of at least five different clinical trials for the treatment of CML, alone or in combination. We are further showing here that Bortezomib in combination with the mitotic inhibitor Paclitaxel act synergistically in inducing apoptosis in Bcr-Abl positive cells. Paclitaxel, a mitotic inhibitor drug (FDA approved drug for the treatment of lung, ovarian, breast, head and neck cancers, and advanced forms of Kaposi's sarcoma) is also now in clinical trials for the treatment of CML. However, to our knowledge, there are no clinical trials or other studies regarding the combined treatment of Bortezomib and Paclitaxel in Bcr-Abl positive CML. RESULTS: Combined treatment of Bortezomib and Paclitaxel synergistically induces cell death in human Bcr-Abl positive K562 cell line, by activating the initiator caspase 9 and effector caspase 3, which leads to the cleavage of a number of substrates, such as Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP), and results in apoptosis. Additionally, the exposure of the Bcr-Abl positive leukemia cells to the Bortezomib/Paclitaxel regimen results in an increase in the activation of the stress-related MAP kinases (such as p38 MAPK and JNK) versus the cytoprotective kinases (ERK1, ERK2), suggesting a possible implication of JNK and p38 MAPK in mediating the effect of the combined treatment. Moreover, we also show that the combined treatment is effective in inducing apoptosis in the murine Baf3 Bcr-Abl and Imatinib resistant Baf3 Bcr-Abl T315I cell lines, suggesting a potential use of the regimen in Imatinib resistant forms of CML. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these findings underline that the combined treatment with Bortezomib and Paclitaxel represents a potentially promising strategy for the treatment of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in general, and of Imatinib resistant CML in particular. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 205.
Tacrolimus ointment 0.03% shows efficacy and safety in pediatric and adult patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis
Authors: M. Shane Chapman, Lawrence A. Schachner, Debra Breneman, Mark Boguniewicz, Michael H. Gold, Toni Shull, Gregory J. Linowski, Eileen Jaracz
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
New Weed Killers Produce Chloracne
Authors: Jacob Bleiberg, Roger H. Brodkin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The problem discussed in "Occupational Acne" (Questions and Answers,<i>JAMA</i><b>188</b>:336 [April 20] 1964) is a difficult one, since at least some of the possible causes of chloracne listed are quite new chemicals. We now have more than 40 cases of chloracne in workers engaged in the synthesis of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, both extensively used as weed killers. A study of this group (<i>Arch Derm</i>[<i>Chicago</i>]<b>89</b>:793 [June] 1964) points out the coexistence of chloracne and porphyria cutanea tarda in some of these workers. To rule out the possibility that an intermediary chemical caused the chloracne, Dr. Marcus Key of the Industrial Disease Division of the US Public Health Service performed open patch tests on himself with the finished products. He successfully induced typical chloracne on his arm. As Dr. Peck correctly pointed out, impeccable personal hygiene is essential for people working with these compounds.
Ethics of PCT decision making on funding cancer treatments
Authors: T. S Maughan, J. Rule
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We recently co-chaired the Cancer Agenda 2008 meeting with leading cancer clinicians. One theme that emerged was the high level of concern about the ethics of primary care trusts’ decision making on funding cancer treatments.

Increasingly, clinicians feel tension between their obligations to individual patients and society.1 2 They are trained to provide best care for patients but recognise that this …
Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh: reform of fellowship examinations
Authors: R. Bosanquet
Journal: BMJ (1978)

approved name of their medication, and what busy general practitioner is going to write "dextropropoxyphene hydrochlor 32-5 mg, paracetamol 325 mg tablets" when what he means is Distalgesic ?WILLIAM E BENNEY Cheltenham, GlosControversies in WHO tumour classification SIR,-The World Health Organisation and those concerned with the production of the 18 "blue books" on the classification of tumours in different sites have done a great service.
AUTOLOGOUS CD133&amp;plus; BONE MARROW CELLS AND BYPASS GRAFTING FOR REGENERATION OF ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIUM: RESULTS OF THE CARDI0133 TRIAL
Authors: Boris Alexander Nasseri, Marian Kukucka, Michael Dandel, Wolfram Ebell, Roland Hetzer, Christof Stamm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
MINOR INJURIES OF THE CERVICAL SEGMENT OF THE SPINE AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
Authors: ALFRED GORDON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1939)

Case Reports1 July 1939MINOR INJURIES OF THE CERVICAL SEGMENT OF THE SPINE AND THEIR CONSEQUENCESCase Report*ALFRED GORDON, F.A.C.P.ALFRED GORDON, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-13-1-190 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe majority of recorded cases of injuries of the cervical spine are instances of gross damages, such as dislocations or fractures of the vertebrae with secondary gross lesions in the spinal cord, leading to muscular atrophies or spastic paralysis of the extremities as the result of tracts—degeneration, with involvement of the sphincter of the bladder and occasionally, in males, persistent priapism. Cases of less severe damage are not common and frequently are not recognized. The cord symptoms in such cases are at first very slight; the moderate initial disability is looked upon with no special concern and the prognosis is...Bibliography1. UNVERRICHT P: Ueber familiäre Myoclonie, Deutsch. Ztschr. f. Nervenh., 1895, vii, 32. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. LUNDBORG H: Ist Unverricht's sogenannte familiäre Myoklonie eine klonische Entität, welche in der Nosologie berechtigt ist? Neurol. Centralbl., 1904, xxiii, 162. Google Scholar3. POPOFF NM: A special form of myoclony, Russk. Vrach., 1914, xiii, 965. Google Scholar4. LENOBLEAUBINEAU EE: Le Nystagmus-myoclinie, Rev. de méd., 1911, xxxi, 209. Google Scholar5. FRIEDREICH N: Paramyoklonus multiplex, Arch. f. path. Anat., 1881, lxxxvi, 421. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. SIOLI F: Ueber histologischen Befund bei familiärer Myoklonus Epilepsie, Arch. f. Psych., 1913, li, 30. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. ROGER H: Myoclonia, Ann. de méd., 1922, xii, 150. Google Scholar8. JEFFERSON G: Discussion on spinal injuries, Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. (Section on Orthopedics), 1928, xxi, 21. Google Scholar9. WALSHEROSS FMJ: Clinical picture of minor cord lesions in association with injuries of cervical spine: with special reference to diagnostic and localizing value of tendon reflexes of arm (inversion of radial reflex), Brain, 1936, lix, 277. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALFRED GORDON, F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Received for publication April 4, 1938.Patient presented at the April Meeting of the Philadelphia Neurological Society. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1939Volume 13, Issue 1Page: 190-193KeywordsAtrophyBladderDisabilitiesLesionsParalysisSpinal cordSpineVertebrae ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1939 PDF downloadLoading ...
Emergency Treatment for Insect Stings
Authors: MARTIN D. VALENTINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Editorial Notes1 January 1979Emergency Treatment for Insect StingsMARTIN D. VALENTINE, M.D.MARTIN D. VALENTINE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-1-119 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of persons susceptible to systemic reactions to insect stings was less than clear until the application of Sutton's Law. (When bank robber Willy Sutton was asked why he repeatedly robbed banks, he replied: "That's where the money is" [1].) When dilutions of venom are used diagnostically in skin testing, evidence of prior sensitization is easily obtained (2). Studies in vitro have confirmed that such sensitivity is IgE mediated. When venoms are used for immunization, the resultant IgG antibodies appear to protect from anaphylactic reactions to future stings (3). The venom skin test...References1. STRAUSS M (compiler): William Dock, in Familiar Medical Quotations. Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1968, p. 99 Google Scholar2. HUNTVALENTINESOBOTKALICHTENSTEIN KMAL: Diagnosis of allergy to stinging insects by skin testing with Hymenoptera venoms. Ann Intern Med 85:56-59, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar3. HUNTVALENTINESOBOTKABENTONAMODIOLICHTENSTEIN KMAAFL: A controlled trial of immunotherapy in insect hypersensitivity. N Engl J Med 299:157-161, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine at The Good Samaritan Hospital Baltimore, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAnaphylaxis in schools and other child-care settingsThe use of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis 1 January 1979Volume 90, Issue 1Page: 119-120KeywordsAnaphylaxisAntibodiesForecastingSkin testsVenoms Issue Published: 1 January 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Black Liberation, Women's Liberation
Authors: ANDREW E. SLABY, JOAN R. SEALY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors interviewed 74 randomly selected college students in an attempt to determine reasons for black women's lack of involvement in the women's liberation movement. Black female students showed a great concern with blackness and its implications but less concern than their white counterparts about integrating vocational interests with their concept of their sex role. It was noted that the black students' fathers were often of lower occupational, educational, and social status than their mothers. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.
Organic Brain Syndrome
Authors: William R. Dubin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Rapid differentiation of organic brain syndrome (OBS) from functional psychiatric illness can be difficult when patients come to an emergency department with predominantly psychiatric symptoms. Using four screening criteria—disorientation, abnormal vital signs, clouded consciousness, and patients older than 40 years with no previous psychiatric history—we detected 38 cases of OBS from 1,140 medically cleared patients. Twelve of these patients were subsequently admitted to a medical unit. Despite the presence of striking behavioral aberration, an increased awareness of the clinical manifestations of OBS will enhance the physician's ability to discriminate OBS from other psychiatric illness. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:60-62)
Effects of acebutolol on myocardial infarct extension: a randomized electrocardiographic, enzymatic and angiographic study.
Authors: I Azancot, P Lorente, G Georgiopoulos, P Beaufils, C Masquet, Y Baudouy, R Slama
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The effect of acebutolol (1 mg/kg i.v. during the first 2 days followed by a daily oral dose of 600 mg for 3 weeks) was studied in a randomized trial involving 26 patients seen within 24 hours after the onset of uncomplicated anterior transmural myocardial infarction (TMI). Myocardial ischemia and necrosis were evaluated by precordial maps recorded daily for 9 days. Left ventricular pump function and dyssynergy were quantitatively measured on 30 degrees right anterior oblique cineangiograms. Angiography was performed, using the postextrasystolic potentiation technique, within the first 24 hours after TMI and was repeated 1 month later. The basal and postextrasystolic beats from the initial angiography were computerized and compared with those from the final angiogram. MB-CK serum level was measured from blood samples drawn every 3 hours for the first 72 hours. Fourteen patients selected at random received acebutolol within the first 24 hours; 12 subjects were untreated and served as controls. During the 1-month study, no other drugs were administered. Treated patients showed a significant reduction in capillary wedge pressure, extent of hypokinesis and ST-segment elevation; no significant differences were observed in the control group. However, the predictability based on the angiographic data was the same in both groups, and beta blockade did not alter this predictability significantly. Furthermore, no significant difference was found during the final evaluation for treated compared with control patients for any single variable or set of variables. The incidence of infarct extension was not decreased, but only significantly delayed in treated patients. The high variability of the measurements, probably related to the high variability of the pathophysiologic factors, may account for the failure to demonstrate the efficacy of acebutolol.