tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extended 6-Month Follow-Up of A Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Children Aged 4 to &amp;lt;10 Years
Authors: Michael Tansey, Stuart Weinzimer, Roy Beck, Katrina Ruedy, Peiyao Cheng, William Tamborlane, Craig Kollman, Nelly Mauras, Larry Fox, Julie Coffey, Neil H. White
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

In a 6-month randomized trial of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in children 4–9 years of age with type 1 diabetes (1), the DirecNet Study Group reported no difference in change in A1C between the CGM and usual care groups, although parents expressed high satisfaction with use of CGM. In a 6-month posttrial phase, the CGM group continued to use CGM and the control group was started on CGM. This observation provides a summary of the findings for both groups during this posttrial phase.

Sixty-four of the 69 children in the CGM group who completed the trial participated in the extension phase; all 64 completed the 12-month visit. Baseline A1C was 7.9 ± 0.8 and 7.8 ± 0.8% at the beginning of the extension phase and 7.9 ± 0.8% at 12 months. During the extension phase, A1C decreased ≥0.5% in 14% and increased ≥0.5% in 25%. Sensor use dropped from a median of 92 h/week at 6 months to …
Ethical considerations of ensuring an informed and autonomous consent in research involving critically ill patients.
Authors: H J Silverman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Despite several codes of research ethics, the issuance of comprehensive rules regarding informed consent by governmental agencies, and numerous writings on the subject of informed consent, many commentators still question the quality of the informed consent process in clinical research. A major concern is that investigators emphasize only the information-giving aspect of "informed" consent, whereas moral philosophy stresses a more robust concept of informed consent that incorporates the additional requirements of subject competence and voluntariness of the consent, thus ensuring that a consent is not only informed, but autonomous as well. This article aims to examine the issues involved with disclosure, competence, and voluntariness, especially those related to research involving critically ill patients. Suggestions concerning methods that can promote an informed consent process that is more respectful of autonomous decision making will also be discussed.
Exercise Training and Quality of Life in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Valerie H. Myers, Megan A. McVay, Meghan M. Brashear, Neil M. Johannsen, Damon L. Swift, Kimberly Kramer, Melissa Nauta Harris, William D. Johnson, Conrad P. Earnest, Timothy S. Church
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To establish whether exercise improves quality of life (QOL) in individuals with type 2 diabetes and which exercise modalities are involved.Health Benefits of Aerobic and Resistance Training in individuals with type 2 Diabetes (HART-D; n = 262) was a 9-month exercise study comparing the effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or a combination of resistance and aerobic training versus a nonexercise control group on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in sedentary individuals with type 2 diabetes. This study is an ancillary analysis that examined changes in QOL after exercise training using the Short Form-36 Health Survey questionnaire compared across treatment groups and with U.S. national norms.The ancillary sample (n = 173) had high baseline QOL compared with U.S. national norms. The QOL physical component subscale (PCS) and the general health (GH) subscale were improved by all three exercise training conditions compared with the control group condition (resistance: PCS, P = 0.005; GH, P = 0.003; aerobic: PCS, P = 0.001; GH, P = 0.024; combined: PCS, P = 0.015; GH, P = 0.024). The resistance training group had the most beneficial changes in bodily pain (P = 0.026), whereas physical functioning was most improved in the aerobic and combined condition groups (P = 0.025 and P = 0.03, respectively). The changes in the mental component score did not differ between the control group and any of the exercise groups (all P > 0.05). The combined training condition group had greater gains than the aerobic training condition group in the mental component score (P = 0.004), vitality (P = 0.031), and mental health (P = 0.008) and greater gains in vitality compared with the control group (P = 0.021).Exercise improves QOL in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Combined aerobic/resistance exercise produces greater benefit in some QOL domains.
Viral respiratory infection in Curitiba, Southern Brazil
Authors: Luine R.R.V. Tsuchiya, Libera M.D. Costa, Sonia M. Raboni, Meri B. Nogueira, Luciane A. Pereira, Indianara Rotta, Gislene R.A. Takahashi, Micheli Coelho, Marilda M. Siqueira
Journal: Journal of Infection (2005)
Subcapsular Bile Leak Following Percutaneous Drainage
Authors: MARGARET M. LaMANNA, HOLLY E. KORSVIK, JANET A. PARKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The authors describe the scintigraphic appearance of a case of subcapsular biliary leak. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy using Tc-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals is employed primarily for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and for the demonstration of biliary tract patentcy. This procedure can also provide functional and morphologic information for evaluation of biliary tract trauma.
Aberrant methylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes in aging liver, chronic hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Naoshi Nishida, Takeshi Nagasaka, Takafumi Nishimura, Iwao Ikai, Richard C. Boland, Ajay Goel
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Aberrant DNA methylation is an important epigenetic alteration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular processes underlying the methylator phenotype and the contribution of hepatitis viruses are poorly understood. The current study is a comprehensive methylation analysis of human liver tissue specimens. A total of 176 liver tissues, including 77 pairs of HCCs and matching noncancerous liver and 22 normal livers, were analyzed for methylation. Methylation of 19 epigenetic markers was quantified, and the results were correlated with different disease states and the presence or absence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Based on methylation profiles, the 19 loci were categorized into 3 groups. Normal liver tissues showed methylation primarily in group 1 loci ( HIC - 1 , CASP8 , GSTP1 , SOCS1 , RASSF1A , p16 , APC ), which was significantly higher than group 2 ( CDH1 , RUNX3 , RIZ1 , SFRP2 , MINT31 ) and group 3 markers ( COX2 , MINT1 , CACNA1G , RASSF2 , MINT2 , Reprimo , DCC ) ( P &lt; 0.0001). Noncancerous livers demonstrated increased methylation in both group 1 and group 2 loci. Methylation was significantly more abundant in HCV-positive livers compared with normal liver tissues. Conversely, HCC showed frequent methylation at each locus investigated in all 3 groups. However, the group 3 loci showed more dense and frequent methylation in HCV-positive cancers compared with both HBV-positive cancers and virus-negative cancers ( P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: Methylation in HCC is frequent but occurs in a gene-specific and disease-specific manner. Methylation profiling allowed us to determine that aberrant methylation is commonly present in normal aging livers, and sequentially progresses with advancing stages of chronic viral infection. Finally, our data provide evidence that HCV infection may accelerate the methylation process and suggests a continuum of increasing methylation with persistent viral infection and carcinogenesis in the liver.
Russian woman may lose grandson conceived from dead son's frozen sperm
Authors: Michael Leidig
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A Russian woman who had a grandson two years after her only son died by using his frozen sperm and a surrogate mother faces losing the child just three months after he was born. Headmistress Ekaterina Zakarova, aged 55, lost her law student son Andrei two years ago but managed to persuade doctors, after his death, to use his frozen sperm to fertilise a donor egg that was then implanted into a surrogate mother. Andrei had had his sperm frozen before having treatment for the cancer that eventually killed him.

But now Russian officials say that because Andrei died two years ago he cannot be registered …
PRE-TARGETED IMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHY OF HUMAN COLON CANCER XENOGRAFTS IN ATHYMIC MICE WITH STREPTAVIDIN IMMUNOCONJUGATES OF THE SECOND-GENERATION TAG72 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CC49 AND IN-111-DTPA-BIOCYTIN
Authors: T M Alvarez-Diez, J Polihronis, R M Reilly
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada *Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Protease-Activated Receptor-1 Contributes to Cardiac Remodeling and Hypertrophy”
Authors: Rafal Pawlinski, Michael Tencati, Craig R. Hampton, Denise Spring, Timothy H. Pohlman, Edward D. Verrier, Tetsuro Shishido, Tara A. Bullard, Liam M. Casey, Jun-ichi Abe, Burns C. Blaxall, Patricia Andrade-Gordon, Matthias Kotzsch, Thomas Luther, Nigel Mackman
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Assessing reports of adverse effects: solvent encephalopathies?
Authors: M. King, R. E Day, J. M Watson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

physically harmful consequences of substance abuse.To accept less stringent criteria on the grounds that false reports of toxic effects do not matter because they may deter only drug abusers while false reports of adverse effects do matter because they may deter drug prescribers is to adopt a dangerous doublestandard on a very shaky foundation.For, firstly, the deterrent effect of scares about toxic effects is far from established, and, secondly, a whole segment of medical data becomes usable only by those who share the assumptions of those who collected it.
FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN THE CAUSATION OF NEURASTHENIA AND INSANITY
Authors: J. A. Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1925)

INSANITY. [TMDI JEnsT 11 produce " toxaemia " was ntot, however, then current; the word was applied rather to poisoning from the presence in the circulation of products of abnormal metabolism, or the resuilt of intestinal stasis.It is not surprising, there- fore, that at that time little attention appears to have been given to the middle-ear tract as a possible source of chronic toxaemia.But it is now over fifteen years since West and Scott3 poinited out this possible complication.It seems noteworthy that even now the possibility is in some danger of neglect.NEURASTHENIA.
Treatment of severe acne with isotretinoin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: K.M. GODFREY, M.P. JAMES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Four patients with inflammatory bowel disease and severe cystic acne were treated with isotretinoin. Two patients had a successful course of treatment without any gastrointestinal side-effects. One patient had two episodes of profuse rectal bleeding that were probably related to pre-existing haemorrhoids. The fourth patient had a flare-up of his Crohn's disease after starting isotretinoin.
Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment, 1992
Authors: Stanford Wessler
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This volume is the 31st update of a text that is "revised annually in January to incorporate current advances" in internal and geriatric medicine and the related fields of obstetrics and gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, psychiatry, and neurology. The editors and 45 authors (32 currently on the faculty of the University of California, San Francisco) have produced a remarkably lucid clinical text for any physician seeking a concise, authoritative statement of the state of the art. Where controversy exists and decision making is not clear-cut, the authors so state. The format is noteworthy: a quick reference to commonly presenting problems on the inside front cover, an index that performs effectively, bibliography listings usually limited to three at the end of each topic, occasionally annotated, and tables that are simple, complementing rather than competing with the text. Who might wish to use this volume? It provides terse answers for the busy
Correlation of Interleukin-2 Receptor Expression With Tissue-Specific Growth of an Interleukin-3-Dependent Autocrine Leukemia
Authors: R. Ceredig, T. Robins, H. D. Campbell, I. G. Young, A. J. Hapel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

An autocrine leukemia (FDC-P1-IL3) has been developed using a retroviral vector containing the inter-leukin-3 (IL-3) gene to transfect the IL-3-dependent cell line FDC-P1. When leukemia cells were reisolated from experimental animals, it was found that levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (IL-2R) expression were greater on cells isolated from the lymph node than on cells isolated from the spleen. Cloned sublines of FDC-P1-IL3 were selected by flow microfluorometry for high or low levels of IL-2R expression. Those clones that expressed high levels of IL-2R grew preferentially in the lymph node. Although IL-2 is not mitogenic for FDC-P1 cells and does not increase the rate of growth of FDC-P1-IL3 cells in vitro, the cloning efficiency of FDC-P1-IL3 is increased fourfold in the presence of IL-2. These observations suggest that the IL-2R on FDC-P1-IL3 cells plays an important role in modulating the growth of this leukemia in sites that contain high levels of IL-2. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:165–170]
Serum clara cell protein: a sensitive biomarker of increased lung epithelium permeability caused by ambient ozone.
Authors: F Broeckaert, K Arsalane, C Hermans, E Bergamaschi, A Brustolin, A Mutti, A Bernard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Ozone in ambient air may cause various effects on human health, including decreased lung function, asthma exacerbation, and even premature mortality. These effects have been evidenced using various clinical indicators that, although sensitive, do not specifically evaluate the O(3)-increased lung epithelium permeability. In the present study, we assessed the acute effects of ambient O(3) on the pulmonary epithelium by a new approach relying on the assay in serum of the lung-specific Clara cell protein (CC16 or CC10). We applied this test to cyclists who exercised for 2 hr during episodes of photochemical smog and found that O(3) induces an early leakage of lung Clara cell protein. The protein levels increased significantly into the serum from exposure levels as low as 0.060-0.084 ppm. Our findings, confirmed in mice exposed to the current U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for O(3) (0.08 ppm for 8 hr) indicate that above the present natural background levels, there is almost no safety margin for the effects of ambient O(3) on airway permeability. The assay of CC16 in the serum represents a new sensitive noninvasive test allowing the detection of early effects of ambient O(3) on the lung epithelial barrier.
Rapid mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors by AMD3100 and catecholamines is mediated by CXCR4-dependent SDF-1 release from bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: A Dar, A Schajnovitz, K Lapid, A Kalinkovich, T Itkin, A Ludin, W-M Kao, M Battista, M Tesio, O Kollet, N N Cohen, R Margalit, E C Buss, F Baleux, S Oishi, N Fujii, A Larochelle, C E Dunbar, H E Broxmeyer, P S Frenette, T Lapidot
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
IL-7 receptor blockade following T cell depletion promotes long-term allograft survival
Authors: Hoa-Le Mai, Françoise Boeffard, Julie Longis, Richard Danger, Bernard Martinet, Fabienne Haspot, Bernard Vanhove, Sophie Brouard, Jean-Paul Soulillou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

T cell depletion is commonly used in organ transplantation for immunosuppression; however, a restoration of T cell homeostasis following depletion leads to increased memory T cells, which may promote transplant rejection. The cytokine IL-7 is important for controlling lymphopoiesis under both normal and lymphopenic conditions. Here, we investigated whether blocking IL-7 signaling with a mAb that targets IL-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα) alone or following T cell depletion confers an advantage for allograft survival in murine transplant models. We found that IL-7R blockade alone induced indefinite pancreatic islet allograft survival if anti–IL-7R treatment was started 3 weeks before graft. IL-7R blockade following anti-CD4– and anti-CD8–mediated T cell depletion markedly prolonged skin allograft survival. Furthermore, IL-7 inhibition in combination with T cell depletion synergized with either CTLA-4Ig administration or suboptimal doses of tacrolimus to induce long-term skin graft acceptance in this stringent transplant model. Together, these therapies inhibited T cell reconstitution, decreased memory T cell numbers, increased the relative frequency of Tregs, and abrogated both cellular and humoral alloimmune responses. Our data suggest that IL-7R blockade following T cell depletion has potential as a robust, immunosuppressive therapy in transplantation.
Characterization of allergen‐specific monocyte‐derived dendritic cells generated from monocytes by a single‐step procedure: effect on naïve and memory T cells
Authors: T. Takishita, M. Okano, K. Takahashi, T. Yoshino, Y. Sugata, H. Hattori, S. Ohuchi, T. Ogawa, K. Nishizaki
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Dendritic cells are one of the most potent antigen‐presenting cells and when pulsed with allergen can modulate allergen‐specific T‐cell responses. We sought to establish a single‐step method by which to generate allergen‐specific monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Methods: Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)‐prepulsed MoDCs were generated from monocytes by culturing with Df in the presence interleukin (IL)‐4, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐ α simultaneously. Df‐prepulsed MoDC were incubated with autologous naïve and memory T cells in the absence of recall antigen, then proliferation and cytokine production by T cells was determined. Results: Generation of allergen‐prepulsed MoDCs was confirmed by examining expression of surface molecules. Df‐prepulsed MoDC selectively induced proliferation of Df‐specific T cells in the absence of recall antigen. Under these conditions, Df‐prepulsed MoDCs augmented but did not alter the cytokine production profile. In addition, Df‐prepulsed MoDCs activated naïve T cells leading to proliferation and selective production of IFN‐ γ in allergic patients but not in healthy subjects. Conclusions: These results suggest that Df‐prepulsed MoDC generated from monocytes by a simple single‐step manipulation can induce Df‐specific cellular responses from both naïve and memory T cells in the absence of recall antigen, and these cells potentially can be utilized as immune adjuvants in allergen‐specific immunotherapy.
Management of primary cicatricial alopecias: options for treatment
Authors: M.J. Harries, R.D. Sinclair, S. MacDonald-Hull, D.A. Whiting, C.E.M. Griffiths, R. Paus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Primary cicatricial alopecias (PCAs) are a poorly understood group of disorders that result in permanent hair loss. Clinically, they are characterized not only by permanent loss of hair shafts but also of visible follicular ostia along with other visible changes in skin surface morphology, while their histopathological hallmark usually (although not always) is the replacement of follicular structures with scar-like fibrous tissue. As hair follicle neogenesis in adult human scalp skin is not yet a readily available treatment option for patients with cicatricial alopecias, the aim of treatment, currently, remains to reduce symptoms and to slow or stop PCA progression, namely the scarring process. Early treatment is the key to minimizing the extent of permanent alopecia. However, inconsistent terminology, poorly defined clinical end-points and a lack of good quality clinical trials have long made management of these conditions very challenging. As one important step towards improving the management of this under-investigated and under-serviced group of dermatoses, the current review presents evidence-based guidance for treatment, with identification of the strength of evidence, and a brief overview of clinical features of each condition. Wherever only insufficient evidence-based advice on PCA management can be given at present, this is indicated so as to highlight important gaps in our clinical knowledge that call for concerted efforts to close these in the near future.
Abstract C57: Observation of experimental and clinic curative effect on Z-C medicine treating malignancy
Authors: Ze Xu, Jie Xu, Shiping Zhu, Shaoming Qio, Bin Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract • Objectives: To find traditional Chinese medicines of treating carcinoma which are good for curative effect and have no side effect. • Methods We use liver cancer H2,2 to inoculate 260 Kun Ming little white mice which are divided into group Z-C1 and group Z-C4, group of chemical treatment (CTX) and group of contrapose. • Results: We observe that the repression rate of mice H22 in liver cancer to of group Z-C1 for 2, 4, 6 weeks is 40%, 45% and 58%, and repression rate of mice H22 in liver cancer to of group Z-C4 for 2, 4, 6 weeks is 55%,68% and 70%, while repression rate of group CTX for 2, 4 and 6 weeks is 45%, 45% and 49%. For ten years' clinic abservation of 4277 middle and later period cancer patients, we find that Z-C medicine has good effect to prolong survival and has no side response for long time taking patients. • Conclusions: Through experimental research and clinic validation, it is proved that Z-C1, Z-C4 medicine can improve the survival quality and immunity of middle and later period patients, and control the increase of carcinoma cells to get a further curative effect Citation Format: Ze Xu, Jie Xu, Shiping Zhu, Shaoming Qio, Bin Wu. Observation of experimental and clinic curative effect on Z-C medicine treating malignancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr C57.
Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs: Authors' reply
Authors: Carolyn M Willis, Noel McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs Cause or association?Editor-The study by Willis et al, testing whether dogs can detect signs of bladder cancer in urine, may be the occasion for an amusing cover for the BMJ but this should not be an excuse for relaxing intellectual rigor when assessing the experiment. 1 Neither the authors nor the commentator point out that the study design is unable to distinguish cause from association-a basic logical error.The dogs may be detecting "tumour related volatile compounds" or they may be detecting a substance in the urine that is associated with an increased risk of cancer.The most obvious candidate would be from cigarette smoking, which would be rather unoriginal, but it could also be other as yet unidentified substances.Furthermore, while the dogs may only be 41% accurate at detecting urine from people already diagnosed with cancer, the results would also be consistent with a higher accuracy for detecting patients at risk of cancer.The authors should follow up their interesting preliminary study rigorously and the BMJ should stick to the Christmas edition for letting down its usual standards of review.