tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Delayed contrast extravasation MRI: a new paradigm in neuro-oncology
Authors: Leor Zach, David Guez, David Last, Dianne Daniels, Yuval Grober, Ouzi Nissim, Chen Hoffmann, Dvora Nass, Alisa Talianski, Roberto Spiegelmann, Galia Tsarfaty, Sharona Salomon, Moshe Hadani, Andrew Kanner, Deborah T. Blumenthal, Felix Bukstein, Michal Yalon, Jacob Zauberman, Jonathan Roth, Yigal Shoshan, Evgeniya Fridman, Marc Wygoda, Dror Limon, Tzahala Tzuk, Zvi R. Cohen, Yael Mardor
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unable to differentiate tumor/nontumor enhancing tissues. We have applied delayed-contrast MRI for calculating high resolution treatment response assessment maps (TRAMs) clearly differentiating tumor/nontumor tissues in brain tumor patients. One hundred and fifty patients with primary/metastatic tumors were recruited and scanned by delayed-contrast MRI and perfusion MRI. Of those, 47 patients underwent resection during their participation in the study. Region of interest/threshold analysis was performed on the TRAMs and on relative cerebral blood volume maps, and correlation with histology was studied. Relative cerebral blood volume was also assessed by the study neuroradiologist. Histological validation confirmed that regions of contrast agent clearance in the TRAMs >1 h post contrast injection represent active tumor, while regions of contrast accumulation represent nontumor tissues with 100% sensitivity and 92% positive predictive value to active tumor. Significant correlation was found between tumor burden in the TRAMs and histology in a subgroup of lesions resected en bloc (r2 = 0.90, P < .0001). Relative cerebral blood volume yielded sensitivity/positive predictive values of 51%/96% and there was no correlation with tumor burden. The feasibility of applying the TRAMs for differentiating progression from treatment effects, depicting tumor within hemorrhages, and detecting residual tumor postsurgery is demonstrated. The TRAMs present a novel model-independent approach providing efficient separation between tumor/nontumor tissues by adding a short MRI scan >1 h post contrast injection. The methodology uses robust acquisition sequences, providing high resolution and easy to interpret maps with minimal sensitivity to susceptibility artifacts. The presented results provide histological validation of the TRAMs and demonstrate their potential contribution to the management of brain tumor patients.
Vasectomy and the human testis.
Authors: S W McDonald
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Just as concerns that vasectomy might predispose its acceptors to cardiovascular disease have been largely discounted, Cole et al. have obtained results suggesting that vasectomy accelerates the growth of testicular tumors. Out of a cohort of over 3000 vasectomized men in Scotland, 8 developed testicular cancer within 4 years of the procedure. The expected number of cases would be 1.9. Earlier, Thornhill et al reported 3 cases of a rare mixed seminoma and malignant teratoma 8 weeks after vasectomy. Numerous studies have found abnormalities in testicular biopsy specimens from vasectomized men. These changes include degeneration of seminiferous epithelium, loss of germ cells such as spermatids, dilatation of testicular tubules, thickening of tubular walls, and interstitial fibrosis. More research is needed on factors (i.e., a history of orchitis or family history of autoimmune disease) that may predispose men to different forms of testicular change as well as the association between the formation of sperm granulomas and testicular abnormalities. Most important, however, is further investigation of the proposed association of vasectomy and accelerated tumor growth.
Retroperitoneal Perforations Following Endoscopic Sphincterotomy; Clinical Course and Management
Authors: F. Dunham, N. Bourgeois, M. Gelin, J. Jeanmart, J. Toussaint, M. Cremer
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

The authors present their experience with perforation due to endoscopic sphincterotomy (E.S.). They emphasize the correlation between the clinical evolution and the radiologic signs. They recommend endoscopic measures to obtain preferential drainage of the bile into the duodenum, and emergency surgery in the case of endoscopic failure.
New Viral Footprints in Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: Bernard Roizman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Humans are infected with at least eight different herpesviruses, if 6A and 6B are counted as distinct. The discovery by Chang et al.1 of number 9 (to be known, perversely, as human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]) should have caused barely a ripple. That it stirred considerable excitement is due to two factors. First, the footprints of the virus were discovered by the application of a novel technique.2 Second, the footprints were found in cells affected by Kaposi's sarcoma, long thought to be caused by an infectious agent transmitted by sexual contact or tissue transplantation. As the articles by Moore and Chang . . .
Textbook of Radiology
Authors: William B. Seaman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

An up-to-date and comprehensive single volume textbook of radiology for the advanced trainee in radiology is the avowed editorial goal of the textbook written by 18 eminent British radiologists, and ably edited by Sutton and Grainger. In their formidable task they have succeeded beyond expectations and have produced a classic text that should be owned and read by every radiologist, whether trainee or senior consultant. The book is divided into the traditional anatomic areas of chest; bones and joints; cardiovascular system; urogenital system; central nervous system and ear, nose, and throat; eye; teeth; and soft tissues. The illustrations are numerous, of unusually high quality, and reproduced in their original black and white relationships (ie, without reversal). The book is written with a clarity of style and lucidity that makes for easy, pleasant reading. However, a book of this size deserves a sturdier binding. Mine fell apart after only a few
THE IMPORTANCE OF DRAINAGE IN SEPTIC CONDITIONS OF THE UTERUS
Authors: J. T. Maclachlan
Journal: BMJ (1911)

I MEDICAL JouIuNAL 151 in the proximal half and the adjoining part of the caecum.In three instances secondary growths were present in the neighbouring lymphatic glands.The patients varied in age from 6 to 55 years.In the small number of cases recorded the male sex predominates, 6 being males and 3 females.The symptoms calling for treatment were usually those of recurrent appendicitis-namely, attacks of pain in the -appendix region.This was the case in six instances, and in one operation was performed during an acute attack.Carwardine's patient suffered from colic and diarrhoea with loss of flesh for five months, and rny own patient was operated on for acute intestinal obstruction set up by an intussusception which apparently originated in a partial invagination of the appendix into the caecum, similar to that which was present in Carwardine's case.On one occasion only was the condition discovered accidentally at a post-mortem examination.A definite mass was felt before operation in five cases.The extent of operation deemed, necessary was much greater than in primary carcinoma; simple appendicectomy was performed on two occasions only, the appendix and part of the caecum were removed twice, the whole of the caecum twice, and the ileo-caecal region and ascending .colontwice.The results of operation also go to show that the con- -dition is more malignant than primary carcinoma.Five cases were reported free from recurrence a few weeks, five months, five mionths, two and a half years, and four years .afteroperation.Two cases were followed by recurrence six weeks and two years after operation, and one patient -died in a few hours of operative shock.That primary sarcoma of the appendix is a more truly malignant tumour than primary carcinoma is borne out by the greater extent of the original growth, the greater -frequency of secondary deposits, the more extensive .operationrequired, and the higher percentage of recurTence.
How to Give Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation Without Becoming Emotionally Involved
Authors: Robert K. Finley
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Too much emotional involvement with patients is bad medicine. We are taught this as students, and ethics dictate this in medical practice. The physician should treat his own family only when no other physician is available or when the malady is a minor one, because of his emotional involvement. It is supposed that the best decision can be made only when no emotions are involved. Objectivity is the byword. Reports are analyzed for objective findings, and the larger body of statistics available makes for a more objective opinion, ie, a better one. When deciding about a mode of therapy for a patient, we should make an objective judgement, presumably a better one. At no time should emotions sway us, for this is best for the patient. But is it? I saw a colleague of mine caring for a young man who was severely burned. He managed his
Management of Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection
Authors: Scott M. Hammer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 25-year-old previously healthy woman is found to have a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody as part of a routine examination for insurance coverage. Heterosexual contact is her only risk factor for HIV acquisition. She is asymptomatic and has a normal physical examination. The results of routine hematologic and laboratory tests are normal. Her CD4 cell count is 325 per cubic millimeter and her plasma HIV-1 RNA level is 60,000 copies per milliliter. How should her case be managed?
Quantification of hepatitis C virus by competitive reverse transcription—polymerase chain reaction: Increase of the virus in advanced liver disease
Authors: Naoya Kato, Osamu Yokosuka, Kazuhiko Hosoda, Yoshimi Ito, Masao Ohto, Masao Omata
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We developed a quantitative method of hepatitis C virus RNA by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. With this method, 36 patients with type C chronic liver disease were analyzed for the copy number of circulating hepatitis C virus in 50 microliters of serum. The amounts of hepatitis C virus RNA ranged from 10(1) to 10(7) copies in the 36 patients. The average amount of hepatitis C virus RNA was 10(3.3 +/- 2.2) copies in 12 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, 10(5.7 +/- 1.6) copies in 12 patients with chronic active hepatitis and 10(6.0 +/- 1.6) copies in 12 patients with cirrhosis (including 4 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma). The amount of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum was significantly less in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis than in patients with chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis (p < 0.01), and it tended to increase according to the progression of histopathological changes of the liver. Furthermore, it was revealed that the amount of hepatitis C virus RNA became exponentially larger as the term from infection became longer. Quantification of hepatitis C virus RNA by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction may have many applications for the study of clinical features of hepatitis C virus infection.
Tumour under Left Lobe of Cerebellum
Authors: D. Ferrier
Journal: BMJ (1880)

7WE £BRITISH AfEDJCAL-.OURNAL 917 pelvis.Then I strongly abducted the limb, and rotated it inwtrds.By this manoeuvre, I succeeded in changing the position of the headrof the bone from above the horizontal ranus of the.os pubis into the thyroid foramen.Then I rotated outwards, and the bone slipped into the acetabulum.Thus far the operation was most satisfactory, but the result of the case was very tragical.A few minutes after the reduc- tion had been so satisfactorily accomplished, the patient ceased to breathe; and, although every means at our disposal were employed to reanimate him, it was soon sufficiently obvious that life was extinct.Although I think.the probabilities, are tha;t ether was primarily the cause of death in this case, it is quite possible that other circumstances may have had much to say in bringing about so disastrous a result; first the shock of the primary injury, then: the subsequent ones pro- duced by hazmorrhage, the amputations, and the two stttempts to effect reduction.Lastly, there is the view as to the cause of death which was suggested to me by Dr. Haydep, namely, that it may have been caused by a pulmonary embolon.There" was distinct evidence of phlebitic inflammltion in the left femoral.vein, and the large number of hsemorrhagic infarctions that were observed in the left lung was eminently suggestive of embolic pneumonia.A large thrombus was found in the femoral vein, and the suidden death may possibly have been due to pulmonary embolon.I regret much that no examination of the pulmonary artery or its branches was -made, with !a view of de- termining whether there was an ermbolic cause for the sudden cessation of the circuilation.In truth, however,-the available time for making this particular necropsy was, owing to circumstances needless to detail, extremely limited.Cooming to the lesion at the hip, I found the.head of the bone in its normal situation.There was.an extensive rent in the capsular liga- ment in the anterior and internal aspect of the joint.There was also a fracture of the horizontal ramus of the os pubis; and here a most inte- resting problem presents itself, namely, as to whether the fracture was prodluced by the uvheel of the cart, or by the head of the bone striking the horizontal ramus in its passage over and above it; in other words, } OIIUI nsiiafl bTrsa qq sbao ,5Ir,tA>s}t8;ss3rr rt siT .sbra,-,dI tim -.tbm 1 , O<>~; i .' 4 y .
HEREDITARY TRANSMISSION OF THE WESTERN TYPE OF EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS IN THE WOOD TICK, DERMACENTOR ANDERSONI STILES
Authors: Jerome T. Syverton, George Packer Berry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

The Western type of equine encephalomyelitis virus can be passed as an hereditary infection in a tick of the family Ixodidae, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles. Under experimental conditions, this virus has been carried in this tick for two successive generations, possibly for a third, passing certainly once, and possibly twice, from the female through the eggs to the larvae. The virus-carrying larval, nymphal, and adult stages of this tick, furthermore, are capable of infecting susceptible hosts when they are permitted to feed on them.
Interleukin-6 is not a crucial regulator in tumour necrosis factor-mediated bilateral sacroiliitis
Authors: S. Hayer, B. Niederreiter, I. Nagelreiter, J. Smolen, K. Redlich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

To investigate the role of interleukin 6 (IL6) in the pathogenesis of bilateral erosive sacroiliitis in hTNFtg mice, an animal model of ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

We crossed IL6−/− mice with hTNFtg animals to generate IL6−/−hTNFtg mice. Histopathological sections of bilateral sacroiliac joints were …
A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study on the Safety and Tolerability of Transnasal Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: J. Yagi, K. Adachi, N. Arima, S. Tanaka, T. Ose, T. Azumi, H. Sasaki, M. Sato, Y. Kinoshita
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aim: Transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with a small-caliber endoscope is well tolerated by patients. However, the effect of this procedure on cardiopulmonary function has not been fully investigated. The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to investigate the effect of transnasal EGD in comparison with transoral EGD on cardiopulmonary function. Patients and Methods: The study involved 450 patients referred for diagnostic EGD. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three types of unsedated EGD (150 patients per group): transnasal EGD using a small-caliber endoscope (the "XP-N" group), transoral EGD using the same small-caliber endoscope ("XP-O" group), and transoral EGD using a conventional endoscope ("XQ" group). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and arterial oxygen saturation were monitored before, and 2, 4 and 6 minutes after intubation, and just after endoscope extubation. Gagging episodes were also counted, to determine tolerance. Results: It was not possible to perform transnasal EGD in 12 patients (8.0 %). A small amount of epistaxis was observed in eight (5.8 %) of 138 patients who were examined successfully by transnasal EGD. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, rate-pressure product (pulse rate × systolic blood pressure/100), and the drop in arterial oxygen saturation in the XQ group were significantly greater than in the XP-N and XP-O groups at each time point. In the XP-N group, these parameters were significantly lower than those in the XP-O group at 2 minutes after intubation. Of the tree groups the number of gagging episodes was significantly lower in the XP-N group. Conclusion: Transnasal EGD is safer than transoral EGD as it is associated with fewer adverse effects on cardiopulmonary function and is better tolerated by patients.
A New Test for Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: I. Myron Vigran
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The relative advantages of Owren's Thrombotest and Quick's one-stage prothrombin time as guides in long-term anticoagulant therapy were studied in 24 patients. The patients were receiving either coumarin or phenindione derivatives as prophylaxis in cardiac or vascular disease. Both tests lead to results stated in percentage of normal coagulation activity. The percentages given by the Thrombotest were in general lower than those from Quick's test and fluctuated over a narrower range. During the year in which the Thrombotest was used as a guide, the incidence of thromboembolic complications was the same as during the previous year when Quick's test was so used, but the incidence of hemorrhage was less. The author believes that the Thrombotest is preferable as a guide.
Cellular distribution, regulation, and biochemical nature of an Fc alpha receptor in humans.
Authors: R C Monteiro, H Kubagawa, M D Cooper
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

In these studies, we characterize an Fc receptor (FcR) for IgA that is present on human granulocytes, monocyte/macrophages, and their corresponding cell lines. Receptor expression appears to be constitutive but can be selectively upregulated on monocyte cell lines by stimulation with a phorbol ester and polymeric IgA. Both the induction requirements and ligand specificity of the IgA receptor differ from the IgG receptors, Fc gamma R I, II, and III, that are also expressed on monocytes and granulocytes. IgA binding to the cell surface receptor is mediated via the Fc alpha region. The Fc alpha R is a heterogenously charged, approximately 60-kD molecule with an isoelectric point of 4.5-5.6 that binds monomeric or polymeric IgA1 and IgA2 molecules. This transmembrane glycoprotein appears to be composed of 32- and 36-kD protein cores with multiple N-linked carbohydrate moieties. We conclude that this Fc alpha R represents a novel member of the FcR family that may have a distinctive role in host defense.
Letter: Postpartum sterilization.
Authors: J M Emens, J A Jordan, H C McLaren
Journal: BMJ (1973)

be recorded when the fetus is still alive.The authors suggest that when the fetal circulation is failing there is likely to be a gradual reduction in the voltage of the fetal signal until the maternal rate rather than the fetal is recorded.Though this alarming possibility is theoretically possible it has never been re- ported in the literature, nor have I observed it.Before jumping to a concl,usion that might detract from the value of continuous monitoring of the fetal heart rate, it would be of considerable interest to find out through your columnns whether any of your readers have had such a case which is well docu- mented.
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and risk of peptic ulcers in patients starting long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a randomised trial
Authors: Francis KL Chan, KF To, Justin CY Wu, MY Yung, WK Leung, Timothy Kwok, Y Hui, Henry LY Chan, Cynthia SY Chan, Elsie Hui, Jean Woo, Joseph JY Sung
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Improving the Quality of Cancer Care in an Aging Population
Authors: Arti Hurria
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Findings from the recently released report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Improving the Quality of Cancer Care: Addressing the Challenges of an Aging Population, titled Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a Course for a System in Crisis,1,2 underscore that the United States has entered a new era in cancer care. The complexity of challenges that US society will confront in achieving the quality of care and outcomes individuals seek and deserve have been magnified because cancer is now an integral part of the aging phenomenon. As the earliest wave of baby boomers enters Medicare, cancer is diagnosed at a higher rate (53%), accounts for a higher percentage of survivors (59%), and results in more deaths among individuals 65 years and older (68%), compared with younger individuals.3,4 With 10 000 individuals reaching age 65 years each day, the incidence of cancer is expected to increase by 67% among this population from 2010 to 2030.5 Unquestionably, this major shift in demographics further complicates the crisis in cancer care. As members of the aforementioned IOM Committee, we highlight issues unique to the older adult population that will substantially affect the capacity to effectively implement the committee�s proposed roadmap.1
The Financial Effects of Emergency Department-Generated Admissions Under Prospective Payment Systems
Authors: Eric Muñoz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The purpose of this study was to assess the financial impact (revenues vs expenses) as measured by hospital charges and costs vs diagnosis-related group (DRG) revenues of prospective payment systems on emergency department—generated admissions for a large teaching hospital under two payment systems: Medicare and an all-payor system. All emergency department admissions were analyzed for the years 1983 (N=4,273) and 1984 (N=4,125) under both systems, using standard DRG methodology. Our findings were as follows: (1) With charges as a measure of expense under both payment schemes, all clinical departments had large groups of unprofitable patients: Medicare, $12,895,038; all-payor system, $15,553,893. (2) When costs were computed as the expense measure (using our hospital's cost-to-charge ratio), Medicare patients produced a deficit ($2,363,163); however, under an all-payor system there was a small net profit ($4,267,859). (3) The implementation of federalized DRG reimbursement rates increased our losses for this population from 1983 to 1984. (4) Reductions in outlier reimbursement (10%) and teaching costs (25%) caused our revenues to drop substantially, potentiating our losses. These findings suggest that hospitals with large emergency department admission populations, particularly Medicare patients, may be at a significant financial disadvantage under prospective payment systems. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1763-1771)
Predictive Molecular Markers of Imatinib Resistance and Prognosis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: M.H. Elias, Z.A. Au, A. Husin, S. Sulong, R. Hassan, A.S. Goh, S.F.A. Wahid, A.A. Baba, R. Ankathil
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)