tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of mediator and cytokine release from dispersed nasal polyp cells by mizolastine
Authors: N. Carayol, L. Crampette, B. Mainprice, Paul Ben‐Soussen, M. Verrecchia, J. Bousquet, B. Lebel
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background Mizolastine is a potent and selective H 1 ‐receptor antagonist with antiallergic properties; in in‐vitro animal models, mizolastine was shown to inhibit 5‐lipoxygenase activity and to decrease the release of leukotrienes (LT) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). This study investigated the effects of three concentrations of mizolastine (0.1, 1.0, 10 µM) on the release of LT (LTB 4 and LTC 4 /D 4 ) and prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ) after stimulation by anti‐IgE, and on the spontaneous release of cytokines (TNF‐α and granulocyte/macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor [GM‐CSF]), from dispersed cells obtained from surgically resected nasal polyps of patients with nasal polyposis. Methods Cells from nasal polyps were obtained using enzymatic dispersion. For experiments involving the measurement of LT and PGD 2 , the cells were preincubated with mizolastine or its dissolution vehicle for 20 min prior to challenge with 10 µg/ml ε‐chain specific anti‐IgE for 45 min at 37°C; for the cytokine release, cells were incubated with mizolastine or its dissolution vehicle for 24 h. LT and PGD 2 were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and cytokines by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercially available kits. Results Mizolastine inhibited significantly and in a dose‐dependent manner the release of LTB 4 and TNF‐α at all concentrations, LTC 4 /D 4 at 10 µM, and GM‐CSF from 1 µM; no effect was observed on the release of PGD 2 . Conclusion Mizolastine inhibits the release of LT, TNF‐α and GM‐CSF in this in vitro model, which mimics closely the inflammatory cells of allergic rhinitis.
Hospital Strategies for Reducing Risk-Standardized Mortality Rates in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elizabeth H. Bradley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Despite recent improvements in survival after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), U.S. hospitals vary 2-fold in their 30-day risk-standardized mortality rates (RSMRs). Nevertheless, information is limited on hospital-level factors that may be associated with RSMRs. Objective: To identify hospital strategies that were associated with lower RSMRs. Design: Cross-sectional survey of 537 hospitals (91% response rate) and weighted multivariate regression by using data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to determine the associations between hospital strategies and hospital RSMRs. Setting: Acute care hospitals with an annualized AMI volume of at least 25 patients. Participants: Patients hospitalized with AMI between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2009. Measurements: Hospital performance improvement strategies, characteristics, and 30-day RSMRs. Results: In multivariate analysis, several hospital strategies were significantly associated with lower RSMRs and in aggregate were associated with clinically important differences in RSMRs. These strategies included holding monthly meetings to review AMI cases between hospital clinicians and staff who transported patients to the hospital (RSMR lower by 0.70 percentage points), having cardiologists always on site (lower by 0.54 percentage points), fostering an organizational environment in which clinicians are encouraged to solve problems creatively (lower by 0.84 percentage points), not cross-training nurses from intensive care units for the cardiac catheterization laboratory (lower by 0.44 percentage points), and having physician and nurse champions rather than nurse champions alone (lower by 0.88 percentage points). Fewer than 10% of hospitals reported using at least 4 of these 5 strategies. Limitation: The cross-sectional design demonstrates statistical associations but cannot establish causal relationships. Conclusion: Several strategies, which are currently implemented by relatively few hospitals, are associated with significantly lower 30-day RSMRs for patients with AMI. Primary Funding Source: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the United Health Foundation, and the Commonwealth Fund.
Optimising drug treatment for elderly people: the prescribing cascade
Authors: P. A Rochon, J. H Gurwitz
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Old age has always been with us.The ancient Egyptians and the author of the 12th chapter of Ecclesiastes were familiar with the common disabilities of later life.Survival into what we still regard as old age was not unusual in classical Greece (table).The average length of human life has increased over the centuries as living conditions have improved and childhood mortality has fallen; the maximum lifespan of our species is determined largely by our genes and will be the same as it ever was.Doctors and philosophers of antiquity commented on age associated illness.Hippocrates noted conditions common in later life, and Aristotle offered a theory of aging based on loss of heat.Two thousand years were to pass before anything better was written on the subject.Francis Bacon proposed a scientific programme of epidemiological investigations into the longevity of people living in different places and under different conditions. 1 He also noted that the pursuit of knowledge depended on "the fresh examination of particulars," advice that underlaid the systematic observation of nature that complemented the active experimentation advocated by his contemporary William Harvey.During the 18th and 19th centuries several physicians wrote specifically about the diseases of later life and their treatment.These included Cheyne 2 and Day 3 in Britain and Rush 4 in the United States.Charcot's lectures on the medicine of old age aroused scientific interest in the field and became available in English translation in 1881. 5 The word "geriatrics" was invented by Ignatz L Nascher, a Vienna-born immigrant to the United States in 1909. 6(It is not clear who is to blame for the barbarous miscoining of "gerontology"-the study of old men-for "geratology"-the study of old age.)Nascher's initiative provided a stimulus for social and biological research on aging, 7 but clinical geriatrics did not flourish in the United States.The American Geriatrics Society was founded in 1942, but as a thriving and influential medical specialty geriatric medicine was essentially a product of the British NHS. Old age in classical Greece
In vivo targeting of inducible NO synthase with oligodeoxynucleotides protects rat kidney against ischemia.
Authors: E Noiri, T Peresleni, F Miller, M S Goligorsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Gene products of all three distinct nitric oxide synthases are present in the mammalian kidney. This mosaic topography of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms probably reflects distinct functional role played by each enzyme. While nitric oxide (NO) is cytotoxic to isolated renal tubules, inhibition of NO production in vivo invariably results in the aggravation of renal dysfunction in various models of acute renal failure. We reasoned that the existing ambiguity on the role of nitric oxide in acute renal failure is in part due to the lack of selective NOS inhibitors. Phosphorothioated derivatives of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting a conserved sequence within the open reading frame of the cDNA encoding the inducible NOS (iNOS) were designed to produce a selective knock-down of this enzyme. In vivo use of these antisense constructs attenuated acute renal failure in rats subjected to renal ischemia. This effect was due, at least in part, to the rescue of tubular epithelium from lethal injury. Application of antisense constructs did not affect endothelial NOS, as evidenced by a spared NO release after the infusion of bradykinin during in vivo monitoring with an NO-selective microelectrode. In conclusion, the data provide direct evidence for the cytotoxic effects of NO produced via iNOS in the course of ischemic acute renal failure, and offer a novel method to selectively prevent the induction of this enzyme.
Increased interleukin 8 expression in the colon mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: R Daig, T Andus, E Aschenbrenner, W Falk, J Scholmerich, V Gross
Journal: Gut (1996)

To test whether there is a difference in the expression of interleukin 8 (IL8) between Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis and to determine the main site of its synthesis this study analysed IL8 in mucosal biopsy specimens of patients with Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by in situ hybridisation. IL8 was measured by ELISA in 38 normal control patients, eight inflammatory control patients, 55 Crohn9s disease biopsy specimens (26 patients), and 67 ulcerative colitis biopsy specimens (35 patients). IL8 mRNA was determined in samples by in situ hybridisation using a specific IL8 RNA probe. IL8 protein was significantly increased in macroscopically inflamed specimens of Crohn9s disease (median 118 pg/specimen, p &lt; 0.0001), ulcerative colitis (median 140 pg/specimen, p &lt; 0.001), and inflammatory controls (median 30 pg/specimen, p = 0.010) compared with normal controls (median 4 pg/specimen). IL8 was also increased in uninflamed specimens of Crohn9s disease (median 46 pg/specimen, p &lt; 0.001) but not of ulcerative colitis patients (median 9 pg/specimen, p = 0.3). IL8 protein in the mucosa correlated significantly with macroscopic inflammation in Crohn9s disease (r = 0.47, p &lt; 0.001) and in ulcerative colitis (r = 0.60, p &lt; 0.001). IL8 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridisation in 31 of 55 biopsy specimens (56%) of Crohn9s disease patients, in 38 of 67 specimens of ulcerative colitis patients (57%), in five of eight inflammatory controls (63%) and in five of 38 normal controls (13%). Mucosal IL8 mRNA expression correlated with mucosal IL8 protein (r = 0.46, p &lt; 0.001). IL8 mRNA was only detected in inflammatory cells of the interstitium but not in mucosal epithelial cells. IL8 is produced mainly in the lamina propria of the colon in inflammatory bowel disease and correlates with mucosal inflammation.
Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How Many Thousands of Men and Women Have Recovered From Alcoholism
Authors: Barbara G. Orrok
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the original publication of<i>Alcoholics Anonymous</i>, the basic text for that mutual self-help organization devoted to helping alcoholics recover. The first edition was greeted with skepticism by the medical community<sup>1,2</sup>based on the optimistic and spiritual writing style and the medical community's poor track record for alcoholism treatment. The ensuing 50 years have witnessed the development of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) into the largest treatment program for alcoholics in the world. Health care providers now routinely turn to AA for help, referring alcoholics for the round-the-clock, round-the-calendar support and outreach that has helped them recover for brief and extended periods. Alcoholics Anonymous has proved itself to be a major feature of the diverse alcoholism treatment network that has emerged following the 1971 Hughes Act. We have incorporated it into our treatment planning, yet most of us (including specialists in alcoholism and addiction) have
Importance of mastalgia in operable breast cancer.
Authors: P E Preece, M Baum, R E Mansel, D J Webster, R W Fortt, I H Gravelle, L E Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The importance of pain as a presenting symptom of breast cancer has been assessed in a series of 240 patients with operable breast cancer over four years. From an analysis of the case histories of 36 patients the diagnosis proved difficult in one-quarter of the cancers. This is explained by the high incidence of subclinical and lobular carcinoma in the group. Cancer must be seriously considered as a diagnosis in patients presenting with well-localised breast pain of recent onset. These patients should be followed for at least one year after the onset of the pain before cancer is confidently excluded.
Quantitation of Differential Renal Function with Tc-99m MDP
Authors: FRANK VIERAS, DWIGHT M. ACHONG, MARK TULCHINSKY, JAMES J. SMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of the bone tracer Tc-99m MDP for quantitative assesment of relative renal function as compared with renal imaging radiotracers used for that purpose. Differential renal function, i.e., the percent contribution each kidney makes to global renal function, was determined prospectively in 15 consecutive patients using Tc-99m MDP and a renal radionuclide tracer, either Tc-99m DTPA or Tc-99m GHA. Differential function was computed in all cases from the early (1–3 minutes) renal uptake of the tracers by region-of-interest analysis of the computer-acquired data. There was a high correlation between values of differential function obtained with Tc-99m MDP and those obtained with Tc-99m DTPA or Tc-99m GHA (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001). Qualitative assessment of the images revealed equivalent scintigraphic patterns in all patients. It is concluded that the early characteristics of renal handling of Tc-MDP are sufficiently similar to those of Tc-DTPA and Tc-GHA so that accurate estimates of differential renal function are possible with this agent, and that Tc-MDP-determined renal differential most likely reflects differential glomerular filtration rate.
Clinical characteristics of nonfatal myocardial infarction among individuals on prophylactic low-dose aspirin therapy.
Authors: P M Ridker, J E Manson, J E Buring, S Z Goldhaber, C H Hennekens
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The influence of prophylactic low-dose aspirin on the clinical characteristics of subsequent nonfatal myocardial infarction was examined in the Physicians' Health Study, a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of alternate-day aspirin (325 mg) among 22,071 US male physicians. METHODS AND RESULTS During 60.2 months of follow-up, 342 incident cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction were confirmed (95.2% of all reports): 129 on aspirin and 213 on placebo (p less than 0.00001). Despite this statistically extreme reduction in occurrence of a first nonfatal infarction attributable to aspirin, there were no significant differences in the size, location, electrocardiographic features, or postinfarction left ventricular ejection fraction between the aspirin and placebo groups. Furthermore, among those undergoing angiography, there were no differences in the distribution or number of coronary vessels obstructed. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that chronic platelet inhibition with alternate-day aspirin therapy reduces the risk of a first myocardial infarction but does not appear to have a significant effect on the clinical characteristics of events that are survived. This finding may result from a direct effect of aspirin or from an aspirin-induced shift in infarction severity. Regardless of mechanism, these clinical observations suggest that treatment decisions for acute infarction patients should be made independently of a history of aspirin use.
1319 PREVALENCE AND EFFECT OF GRAFT VS RECIPIENT IL28B SNP ON EARLY HCV-RNA KINETICS IN PATIENTS ON PEG-IFN/RBV AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: R. Barcena, S. del Campo, Ana Moreno, J.L. Sanmillan, A. Muriel, M.A. Rodriguez-Gandia, L. Achecar, J. Graus, J. Fortún, Y. Meije, J. Nuño, M.L. Mateos, S. Moreno, C. Varona, Alberto Moreno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Yellow nails associated with gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M.A.B. Roest, R. Ratnavel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Yellow nails associated with gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis Get access M.A.B. Roest, M.A.B. Roest Department of Dermatology, Amersham Hospital, Whielden Street, Amersham, Bucks HP7 0JD, U.K.E‐mail: mroest@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Ratnavel R. Ratnavel Department of Dermatology, Amersham Hospital, Whielden Street, Amersham, Bucks HP7 0JD, U.K.E‐mail: mroest@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 5, 1 November 2001, Pages 855–856, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04501.x Published: 01 November 2001
Dermal Changes Associated With Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
Authors: Peter I. Long
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Severe carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can produce several types of lesions of the skin. The lesions vary in degree from areas of erythema and edema to marked blister and bulla formation. These lesions can easily be mistaken for burns or trauma. The bullous lesions heal by eschar formation. The scalp lesion of edema and erythema evolve into areas of alopecia.
Relative palatability of liquid enteral feeds.
Authors: M J Hall
Journal: BMJ (1983)

histamine, and several enzymes.Unfortunately, the crude venom is so unstable that even when fractionated in the cold on Sephadex in the presence of Cleland's reagent, EDTA, or stabilising reagent, much of the initial chemical characterisation of the venom is lost, and the pharmacological properties are greatly altered.At room temperature the pharmacological activities are altered within an hour or so, and on heating both the pain producing fraction and that causing the cardiovascular deficit become ineffective.The effect of the venom on blood clotting phenomena is not clear.
The 1975 Nixon Budget for Health
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The 1975 Nixon Budget for HealthPublication of the federal budget normally evokes a billow of commentary suggesting, on the one hand, that the document represents the crossbreeding of malefaction and numskullism, and, on the other, that it reflects an admirable match of national needs and resources. Usually right up there in the vanguard of those who favor the first interpretation are the delegated and self-appointed guardians of federal subsidy for science, education, health, and other components of the so-called knowledge industry, that elastic enterprise that invariably expands to exceed the resources available for its consumption.However, with few exceptions, . . .
Enhanced osseointegration of titanium implant through the local delivery of transcription factor SATB2
Authors: S.G. Yan, J. Zhang, Q.S. Tu, J.H. Ye, E. Luo, M. Schuler, M.S. Kim, T. Griffin, J. Zhao, X.J. Duan, D.J. Cochran, D. Murray, P.S. Yang, J. Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Dutch government introduces swingeing cuts to health spending
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The centre right Dutch coalition announced this week that it intended to make big cuts in health spending, which would end the country's place as one of the top three spenders on health care in Europe. It is to reduce spending by €2.3bn (£1.6bn; $2.6bn) a year, out of a health budget of €41bn, in an attempt to slow the apparently inexorable rise in health spending.

The Royal Dutch Medical Association said that the economies would be “disastrous” and were “bad for patients and bad for doctors.”

Launching its cuts under the slogan “affordability through personal responsibility,” …
Infection With Artificially Propagated Eaton Agent (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)
Authors: R. B. Couch, T. R. Cate, R. M. Chanock
Journal: JAMA (1964)

IN RECENT YEARS there has been considerable progress in defining the etiology of atypical pneumonia. One of the important causes of this disease is the agent described by Eaton et al in 1944.<sup>1</sup>This agent has been associated with cold agglutinin-positive atypical pneumonia in controlled epidemiologic investigations as well as in volunteer studies.<sup>2, 3</sup>In addition, Eaton agent has been shown to cause febrile respiratory disease without pneumonia.<sup>4</sup> Recently it has been shown that the Eaton agent is not a virus but a pleuropneumonia-like organism which can be cultivated on a cell-free artificial medium.<sup>5</sup>The agent has been designated<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>.<sup>6</sup> With the demonstration that this agent was a pleuropneumonia-like organism (<i>Mycoplasma</i>), it was of interest to determine if strains propagated on an agar medium could infect man. In order to test this possibility volunteers free of detectable antibody were inoculated with two strains of
Emergency Commitment—A Transcultural Study
Authors: MICHAEL A. PESZKE, RONALD M. WINTROB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

A questionnaire survey of psychiatrists concerning emergency involuntary hospitalization confirmed the authors' hypothesis that psychiatrists' attitudes toward it are subjective and that there is a lack of adequate criteria. They advocate peer review of commitments at the state or county level and the development of appropriate criteria in order to better balance the need for treatment with consideration of patients' civil rights.
SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON SUGAR
Authors: James M. Neill, Edward J. Hehre, John Y. Sugg, Evelyn Jaffe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

Solutions of all of the C. P. sucrose reagents of American manufacture that were tested gave reactions with Type II antipneumococcus serum. The capacity of that antiserum to react with sucrose solutions was removed by absorption with the homologous pneumococci or with Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The serological reactivity was due not to sucrose itself but to accompanying substances that could be removed by precipitation with a proper concentration of alcohol or by treatment with activated carbon. Although Type II antipneumococcus serum was used to detect its presence the reactive material found in the sucrose can be considered to be only related and not identical with antigens of Type II pneumococci.
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen levels: A guide to sustained response to peginterferon alfa-2a in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Francesco Moriconi, Ferruccio Bonino, George K. K. Lau, Patrizia Farci, Cihan Yurdaydin, Teerha Piratvisuth, Kangxian Luo, Yuming Wang, Stephanos Hadziyannis, Eva Wolf, Philip McCloud, Richard Batrla, Patrick Marcellin
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract We investigated the relationship between hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) serum level decline and posttreatment response in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B from a large multinational study of pegylated interferon alfa-2a (peginterferon alfa-2a), with or without lamivudine, versus lamivudine alone. Serum HBsAg was quantified using the Architect assay (Abbott Diagnostics) at pretreatment, end of treatment (week 48), and 6 months after the end of treatment (week 72) in sera from 386 of the 537 patients who participated in the multinational study (peginterferon alfa-2a, 127; peginterferon alfa-2a plus lamivudine, 137; lamivudine monotherapy, 122). Pretreatment HBsAg levels varied according to genotype, with the highest levels present in patients infected with genotypes A (median, 4.11 log 10 IU/mL) and D (median, 3.85 log 10 IU/mL). Significant on-treatment decline in HBsAg was observed during treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a (alone or combined with lamivudine; mean decline at week 48, −0.71 and −0.67 log 10 IU/mL, respectively, P &lt; 0.001), but not during treatment with lamivudine alone (−0.02 log 10 IU/mL). Significantly more patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a (21%) or peginterferon alfa-2a plus lamivudine (17%) achieved HBsAg levels &lt;100 IU/mL at the end of treatment compared with lamivudine (1%) (both P &lt; 0.001 versus lamivudine). End-of-treatment HBsAg level correlated strongly with HBV DNA suppression to ≤400 copies/mL 6 months posttreatment. An HBsAg level &lt;10 IU/mL at week 48 and on-treatment decline &gt;1 log 10 IU/mL were significantly associated with sustained HBsAg clearance 3 years after treatment (both P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: On-treatment quantification of HBsAg in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alfa-2a may help identify those likely to be cured by this therapy and optimize treatment strategies. (Hepatology 2009;49:1141–1150.)