tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
American Board of Legal Medicine, Inc.: Collected Papers 1956-1959
Authors: Edwin J. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The American Board of Legal Medicine was incorporated in 1951. Its membership is limited to doctors who also possess a degree in law or who have had at least five years' medicolegal experience. Since its founding, this organization has sponsored a number of meetings. This book represents a collection of papers presented at these meetings on a number of medicolegal subjects. The papers themselves may be said to represent the expression of opinions of the men who have taken the time and trouble to present a point of view. Individually, the papers are of uneven quality. Collectively, they are of interest as they reflect the character of the sponsoring organization.
Should electronic cigarettes be as freely available as tobacco? Yes
Authors: J.-F. Etter
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is between 6–20%. In Zambia, prevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection has been reported to be between 7.1% and 31.1%. Patients infected with HBV are at increased risk of experiencing elevated alanine transaminase enzyme (ALT) and HIV-HBV co-infection may lead to further reduced CD4 cell count before initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated the relation of HBV with CD4 cell count and ALT enzyme in HIV-positive antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 15 government clinics in Lusaka. There were 5436 adult patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy between 2011 and 2013. Cases were described as HIV-positive patients who tested HBsAg-positive and controls as HIV-positive patients who tested HBsAg-negative. HIV-HBV co-infection was defined as the number of patients who tested HBsAg-positive divided by the total tested (with 95% CI). Laboratory measures of CD4 and ALT were categorised in the analysis. Elevated ALT was defined as ALT≥66 IU/ml. CD4 cell count was dichotomised CD4 of &gt;200 cells/µl. <h3>Results</h3> The median age was 35 (29–41) years. The median CD4 cell count was 202 (102–305) cells/µl with the median ALT being 20 (14–30) IU/ml. HIV−HBV prevalence was 12.3% (95% CI: 11.4−13.1). Elevated ALT was reported in 11.1% cases and 4.7% in controls (p-value &lt;0.001). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of experiencing elevated ALT before ART initiation for HI-HBV patients was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.8−3.2) compared to their HIV-mono-infected counterparts. Of the cases, 53.5% had a CD4&lt;200 while only 48.9% of controls had CD4 &lt;200 before ART initiation (p-value 0.026). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Prevalence of HBV is high among HIV-infected persons in Zambia. There is need to explore the interactions of these co-infections and their impact on CD4 cell count and ALT.
Acute liver damage and ecstasy ingestion.
Authors: A J Ellis, J A Wendon, B Portmann, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1996)

Eight cases of ecstasy related acute liver damage referred to a specialised liver unit are described. Two patients presented after collapse within six hours of ecstasy ingestion with hyperthermia, hypotension, fitting, and subsequently disseminated intravascular coagulation with rhabdomyolysis together with biochemical evidence of severe hepatic damage. One patient recovered and the other with evidence of hyperacute liver failure was transplanted but subsequently died, histological examination showing widespread microvesicular fatty change. Four patients presented with acute liver failure without hyperthermia. All four fulfilled criteria for transplantation, one died before a donor organ became available, and two died within one month post-transplantation of overwhelming sepsis. Histological examination showed submassive lobular collapse. Two patients presented with abdominal pain and jaundice and recovered over a period of three weeks; histological examination showed a lobular hepatitis with cholestasis. Patients developing jaundice or with evidence of hepatic failure particularly encephalopathy and prolongation of the international normalised ratio, or both, whether or not preceded by hyperthermia, should be referred to a specialised liver unit as liver transplantation probably provides the only chance of recovery.
Spatial Vectorcardiography
Authors: L. Wolff, J. L. Richman, A. M. Soffe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY has yielded considerable knowledge concerning the electric phenomena associated with activity of the heart. This method of examination has been thoroughly explored, and it is unlikely that its usefulness will be extended to any important degree. The investigation of other methods of studying the cardiac potential differences, therefore, has been welcomed by those interested in increasing knowledge in this field. The most fruitful of these methods is that which has come to be known as spatial vectorcardiography.A force having magnitude, direction and sense can be represented as a vector. At each instant during cardiac activity all electrical forces . . .
Euro MPs threaten UK stem cell research
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The European parliament took the first steps last week towards the introduction of a union-wide ban on embryonic stem cell research that would mean the end of various research projects now under way in the United Kingdom.

The UK research projects were made possible—subject to strict conditions—by an act of parliament passed by Westminster in December 2000, which extended the use of embryonic stem cell research to treatments for serious diseases.

Mr David Bowe, a British …
Polyneuropathy in Chronic Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Heinrich A. Tenckhoff
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Peripheral neuropathy is frequently associated with chronic renal insufficiency. It presents as progressive peripheral involvement first of sensory, then motor fibers. Loss of vibration sense is the most consistent early finding. Nerve conduction measurements aid in the detection of mild or subclinical neuropathy. Patients on long-term dialysis therapy also have neuropathy as evidenced by slowed nerve conduction. Allowing patients to become critically ill with uremia and its complications may predispose them to rapidly progressive motor neuropathy during the early phase of dialysis therapy. Since motor neuropathy may not be reversible, every effort should be made to avoid this complication by instituting dialysis therapy before severe uremia develops. Adequate dialysis appears to arrest the progression of neuropathy, and is followed by slow improvement over months or years. Successful renal transplantation greatly improved nerve function in two patients.
Cat and dog exposure during pregnancy increases cord blood stimulated T-cell interferon-γ production
Authors: D.R. Ownby, M.M. Maliarik, M.J. McCabe, E.L. Peterson, G.R. Wegienka, L.K. Williams, K.J. Woodcroft, C.L.M. Joseph, C.J. Barone, E.M. Zoratti, C.C. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Immunological properties of conjugates of ragweed pollen antigen E with methoxypolyethylene glycol or a copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine.
Authors: T P King, L Kochoumian, N Chiorazzi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The major allergen of ragweed pollen, antigen E, was modified by coupling its amino acid groups with either methanol, methoxypolyethylene glycol (MPEG) of 5,000 daltons, or a synthetic copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (DGL) of 34,000 daltons, all appropriately activated. The conjugates were characterized chemically and immunologically. Compared to the native antigen, the methoxy conjugate showed little reduction in allergenic activity, but the other two conjugates showed strong reductions, as measured by heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats sensitized with murine anti-antigen E reaginic sera. The MPEG conjugate was apparently nonimmunogenic in mice known to be high responders to the native antigen. MPEG and DGL conjugates retained the immunosuppressive property of the native antigen as subcutaneous treatment of antigen E sensitized mice with these two conjugates led to significant long-lasting depression of their antigen E-specific IgE and IgG antibody levels. These immunological changes are believed to result from reduction of antigenic valency and specificity upon coupling the bulky molecules to the protein antigens.
A Tragic Reminder about Organic Mercury
Authors: Ken Kulig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Exposure to mercury and its potential toxic effects is a subject that involves everyone, because we are all frequently exposed. The toxicologic literature has clearly established the dangers of excessive exposure to mercury. What is less clear is the dose of each form of mercury that presents little or no danger of adverse biologic effects. With numerous possible sources of exposure in the workplace and the environment, the doses of the various forms of mercury to which we are exposed are both medically important and politically contentious.Mercury is used in industry primarily in the manufacture of batteries, latex paint, . . .
Health Insurance in Practice: International Variations in Financing, Benefits, and Problems
Authors: Milton I Roemer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Part 1 Understanding health insurance: financial systems - an international overview health insurance and social solidarity coverage and access the structures of health insurance. Part 2 Financing health insurance: social security payroll taxes altering or replacing payroll taxes flat-rate premium systems government subsidies transfers among insurance funds. Part 3 Health insurance benefits: physician services hospital care pharmaceutical drugs dentistry services mental health services long-term care adding new acute care benefits. Part 4 Reforming the health insurance system: cost containment achievements and reforms lessons for the United States. Appendices: principal countries studied research methods glossary of abbreviations.
Abstract 519: Identification of a novel target for antibody therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Fumiyoshi Okano, Takanori Saito, Takayoshi Ido, Akira Kurihara, Shinichi Kobayashi, Yoshinori Narita, Yoshitaka Minamida, Masahiro Sato, Yuko Toriyama, Tetsu Yonehara
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Identification of breast cancer-specific antigens may promote development of safe and successful immunotherapy of breast cancer. Caprin-1 has been known to be an intracellular protein related to cell proliferation as a function, but it has not been reported to be a target for the treatment of cancer. Here we report that this molecule is a novel breast cancer antigen which can be targeted for antibody therapy. Caprin-1 is highly expressed in at least 70% of breast cancers based on the results of immunohistochemical staining of human several breast cancer tissues, but hardly expressed in human normal tissues. Importantly, a part of this molecule is highly expressed in extracellular region of many breast cancer cells. A mouse monoclonal antibody raised against the extracellular domain of Caprin-1 showed anti-tumor effects in all tumor-bearing mouse models in which various cancer cells expressing Caprin-1 were implanted. The monoclonal antibody induced complete regression in one of the tumor-bearing models. Humanized antibody has been prepared and preclinical studies are currently underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 519. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-519
p53 modulation of TFIIH–associated nucleotide excision repair activity
Authors: X.W. Wang, H. Yeh, L. Schaeffer, R. Roy, V. Moncollin, J.-M. Egly, Z. Wang, E.C. Friedberg, M.K. Evans, B.G. Taffe, V.A. Bohr, G. Weeda, J.H.J. Hoeijmakers, K. Forrester, C.C. Harris
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
rAAV‐asPLB transfer attenuates abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐ATPase activity and cardiac dysfunction in rats with myocardial infarction
Authors: Xiao‐Yan Zhao, Shen‐Jiang Hu, Jiang Li, Yun Mou, Ka Bian, Jian Sun, Zhao‐Hui Zhu
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Abstract 5548: Comparison of gene expression profile in chromate transformed BEAS-2B cells
Authors: Sun Hong, Harriet A. Clancy, Thomas Kluz, Jiri Zavadil, Max Costa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a potent human carcinogen. Occupational exposure has been associated with increased risk of respiratory cancer. Multiple mechanisms have been shown to contribute to Cr(VI) induced carcinogenesis, including DNA damage, genomic instability, and epigenetic modulation, however, the molecular mechanism and downstream genes mediating chromium's carcinogenicity remain to be elucidated. Methods/Results: We established chromate transformed cell lines by chronic exposure of normal human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to low doses of Cr(VI) followed by anchorage-independent growth. These transformed cell lines not only exhibited consistent morphological changes but also acquired the ability to form tumors in nude mice. Interestingly, the gene expression profiles of six Cr(VI) transformed cell lines were remarkably similar to each other yet differed significantly from that of either control cell lines or normal BEAS-2B cells. A total of 409 differentially expressed genes were identified in Cr(VI) transformed cells compared to control cells. Genes related to cell-to-cell junction were upregulated in all Cr(VI) transformed cells, while genes associated with the interaction between cells and their extracellular matrices were down-regulated. Additionally, expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis were also changed. Conclusion: This study is the first to report gene expression profiling of Cr(VI) transformed cells. The gene expression changes across individual chromate exposed clones were remarkably similar to each other but differed significantly from the gene expression found in anchorage-independent clones that arose spontaneously. Our analysis identified many novel gene expression changes that may contribute to chromate induced cell transformation, and collectively this type of information will provide a better understanding of the mechanism underlying chromate carcinogenicity. (This work was supported by grant numbers ES000260, ES014454, ES005512, ES010344 from the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, and grant number CA16087 from the National Cancer Institute) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5548. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5548
The Causal Organism of "Sandworm" Eruption
Authors: N. L. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1939)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAI.positive (Figs. 3 and 4).In sanatorium for ten months, bed rest for six months.Now no sputum; considerable resolu- tion.Case IV.-Female aged 16.Adolescent phthisis.Large cavity in right upper zone with fluid level; sputum positive (Fig. 5).Artificial pneumothorax attempted, contraselective collapse obtained.A.P. discontinued.Bed rest in sanatorium for eight months.Several skiagrams during this period showed cavity becoming progressively smaller.Now com- pletely healed (Fig. 6); no sputum, excellent general condition.A SPUTUM-NEGATIVE CASE Case V.-Female aged 45, first seen July, 1935.Cough, loss of weight (1 stone in two months), and lassitude for the last six months.Clinical and x-ray investigations showed evidence of infiltration of the upper zones of both lungs.Originally no sputum, but subsequently sputum was examined by all available methods and found negative for tubercle bacilli.On routine sanatorium treatment for twenty-four weeks and regular supervision subsequently.In May, 1937, no abnormal physical signs.X-ray examination showed com- plete resolution of the lung lesion.
Comparison of Long-term Survival After Open vs Endovascular Repair of Intact Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: David C. Chang
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) compared with open repair increases perioperative survival, but it is not known if it increases long-term survival.To compare long-term outcomes after open vs endovascular repair of AAA.Retrospective analysis of patients 65 years or older in the Medicare Standard Analytic File, 2003-2007, who underwent isolated repair of intact AAA. Cause of death was determined from the National Death Index.The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were AAA-related mortality, hospital length of stay, 1-year readmission, repeat AAA repair, incisional hernia repair, and lower extremity amputation.Of 4529 included patients, 703 were classified as having undergone open repair and 3826 as having undergone endovascular repair. Mean and median follow-up times were 2.6 (SD, 1.5) and 2.5 (interquartile range, 2.4) years, respectively. In unadjusted analysis, both all-cause mortality (173 vs 752; 89 vs 76/1000 person-years, P = .04) and AAA-specific mortality (22 vs 28; 11.3 vs 2.8/1000 person-years, P < .001) were higher after open vs endovascular repair. After adjusting for emergency admission, age, calendar year, sex, race, and comorbidities, there was a higher risk of both all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.05-1.47]; P = .01) and AAA-related mortality (HR, 4.37 [95% CI, 2.51-7.66]; P < .001) after open vs endovascular repair. The adjusted hospital length of stay was, on average, 6.5 days (95% CI, 6.0-7.0 days, P < .001) longer after open repair (mean, 10.4 days), compared with endovascular repair (mean, 3.6 days). Incidence of incisional hernia repair was higher after open AAA repair (19 vs 23; 12 vs 3 per 1000 person-years; adjusted HR, 4.45 [95% CI, 2.37-8.34, P < .001]), whereas the incidence of 1-year readmission (188 vs 1070; 274 vs 376/1000 person-years; adjusted HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.85-1.09, P = .52]), repeat AAA repair (15 vs 93; 9.7 vs 12.3/1000 person-years; adjusted HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.46-1.38, P = .42]), and lower extremity amputation (3 vs 25; 1.9 vs 3.3/1000 person-years; adjusted HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.16-1.86, P = .34]) did not differ by repair type.Among older patients with isolated intact AAA, use of open repair compared with endovascular repair was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and AAA-related mortality.
Visualization of Mesenteric Arterial Collaterals After Occlusion of Abdominal Aorta Detected on Tc-99m-Labeled Red Blood Cell Imaging
Authors: Winnie Wing-Chuen Lam, Wong Wai Yin, Tay Kiang Hiong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 78-year-old woman presenting with per-rectal bleeding was referred for a Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell (RBC) scan to detect the source of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Tc-99m-labeled RBC scintigraphy revealed pooling of tracer within convoluted vascular structures in the upper and left lower abdomen, suggesting the possibility of dilated mesenteric vessels. Subsequent computed tomographic angiography confirmed the presence of a massively enlarged inferior mesenteric artery and artery of Drummond (the anastomotic marginal artery of the colon), which anastomosed with the pancreaticoduodenal arteries. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing anomalous intra-abdominal vasculature on Tc-99m-labeled RBC scintigraphy, an important consideration in the diagnosis of GI bleeding.
B1-03: Phase II double blind study to investigate efficacy and safety of the triple angiokinase inhibitor BIBF 1120 in patients suffering from relapsed advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Martin Reck, Rolf Kaiser, Corinna Eschbach, Martin Stefanic, James Love, Ulrich Gatzemeier, Joachim von Pawel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
On Encountering Hopelessness
Authors: A. Gelperin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The commentary on hopelessness (238:2149, 1977) by Lisa Shulman, MD, illustrates the total frustration of the staff—their reaction to a patient labeled "hopeless." The history is not pertinent except for a clue concerning the negative, non-caring attitude of a stepdaughter and stepson. The question by Dr Shulman as to what caused the patient to begin "suddenly" to act like a rational adult after many weeks of fruitless extensive ministrations was unanswered. The patient who does not respond to therapy, does not give us a reasonable diagnostic niche, and acts helpless is almost always labeled as being hopeless. How aptly this describes those in nursing homes—even the many elderly as described in Dr Shulman's case report. Studies have shown that the locales of examinations as well as education and the varying attitudes of examiners produce diverse diagnoses and management decisions.<sup>1-3</sup> A study was initiated a few years
High response rate and durable remissions following fludarabine and rituximab combination therapy for chronic cold agglutinin disease
Authors: Sigbjørn Berentsen, Ulla Randen, Anne Marita Vågan, Henrik Hjorth-Hansen, Anders Vik, Jakob Dalgaard, Eva-Marie Jacobsen, Aud S. Thoresen, Klaus Beiske, Geir E. Tjønnfjord
Journal: Blood (2010)
Glutathione S–Transferase in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Morris Sherman, John A.H. Campbell, Sally A. Titmuss, Michael C. Kew, Ralph E. Kirsch
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Qualitative and quantitative changes in glutathione S-transferase (GSH-T) were studied in human hepatocellular carcinoma. GSH-T specific activity (mumoles per min per mg protein) was variably reduced in hepatocellular carcinoma. Similar changes were seen in "cationic" GSH-T (ligandin) concentration determined by radioimmunoassay. Immunohistochemical studies with antihuman liver ligandin suggest that positive staining was more frequently found in well-differentiated tumors. The relative activities of "cationic," "neutral," and "anionic" transferases (pI greater than 7.5) activity ranged from virtually absent to near normal values. "Neutral" (pI 6 to 6.5) and "anionic" (pI less than 5.4) species were present more often in tumors than in normal liver. In two cases, normal liver tissue and tumor were obtained from the same patient. In one, only quantitative differences were present, while in the other "cationic" and "neutral" GSH-Ts were present in the normal liver tissue while both "cationic" and "anionic" species were found in the tumor. Our studies indicate that qualitative as well as quantitative changes of GSH-T occur in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Physician-Assisted Suicide-Reply
Authors: Ann Alpers
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —As the letters from Drs Campbell, Hare, Nelson, Donovan, D'Olimpio, and MacDonald illustrate, physician-assisted suicide continues to divide the medical community and to excite strong passions on both sides of the debate. While we appreciate the efforts of Campbell and his colleagues to distinguish the activities authorized by the Oregon Death With Dignity Act from physician-assisted suicide, we think neither Campbell nor the state can have it both ways. The act allows a physician to provide a patient with a lethal prescription for the specific purpose of the patient's killing himself or herself. If that is not physician-assisted suicide, what is? The Oregon Death With Dignity Act cannot be ignored because, to use the words of D'Olimpio, it is "a fait accompli," an act accomplished. The fact that a majority of Oregon's voters approved physician-assisted suicide must be accepted as reality. In fact, part of the message from