tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial of specialist nurse intervention in heart failure
Authors: L. Blue, E. Lang, J. J V McMurray, A. P Davie, T. A McDonagh, D. R Murdoch, M. C Petrie, E. Connolly, J. Norrie, C. E Round, I. Ford, C. E Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine whether specialist nurse intervention improves outcome in patients with chronic heart failure. <b>Design:</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> Acute medical admissions unit in a teaching hospital. <b>Participants:</b> 165 patients admitted with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The intervention started before discharge and continued thereafter with home visits for up to 1 year. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Time to first event analysis of death from all causes or readmission to hospital with worsening heart failure. <b>Results:</b> 31 patients (37%) in the intervention group died or were readmitted with heart failure compared with 45 (53%) in the usual care group (hazard ratio=0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.96).Compared with usual care, patients in the intervention group had fewer readmissions for any reason (86 <i>v</i> 114, P=0.018), fewer admissions for heart failure (19 <i>v</i> 45, P&lt;0.001) and spent fewer days in hospital for heart failure (mean 3.43 <i>v</i> 7.46 days, P=0.0051). <b>Conclusions:</b> Specially trained nurses can improve the outcome of patients admitted to hospital with heart failure. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Studies have suggested that nurse intervention may reduce readmission in patients with heart failure <h3>What this study adds</h3> Home based intervention from nurses reduces readmissions for worsening heart failure Regular contact to review treatment and patient education are likely to contribute to this effect
Health Risks from Lead-Based Ammunition in the Environment
Authors: David C. Bellinger, Joanna Burger, Tom J. Cade, Deborah A. Cory-Slechta, Myra Finkelstein, Howard Hu, Michael Kosnett, Philip J. Landrigan, Bruce Lanphear, Mark A. Pokras, Patrick T. Redig, Bruce A. Rideout, Ellen Silbergeld, Robert Wright, Donald R. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)
Managed Care Ethics
Authors: Edward J. Volpintesta
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 October 1998Managed Care EthicsEdward J. Volpintesta, MDEdward J. Volpintesta, MDBethel Medical Group; Bethel, CT 06801Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-8-199810150-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Hall and Berenson [1] maintain that financial incentives in managed care are acceptable as long as they “cause physicians to think about what is necessary for their patients' health care … not what will increase their own income.”Practically speaking, I suspect it is very hard for most physicians to make this moral decision as easily as it is for the authors to declare it. And even though the authors qualify themselves by stating that “… ethical rules are aspirational, not regulatory,” why expose physicians to the temptations for personal gain that financial incentives so clearly offer? ...References1. Hall MA, Berenson RA. Ethical practice in managed care: a dose of realism. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:395-402. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Edward J. Volpintesta, MDAffiliations: Bethel Medical Group; Bethel, CT 06801 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1998Volume 129, Issue 8Page: 673KeywordsConflicts of interestFrailtyHealth careMotivationPatients ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Composition and regulation of maternal and zygotic transcriptomes reflects species-specific reproductive mode
Authors: Shai S Shen-Orr, Yitzhak Pilpel, Craig P Hunter
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Early embryos contain mRNA transcripts expressed from two distinct origins; those expressed from the mother's genome and deposited in the oocyte (maternal) and those expressed from the embryo's genome after fertilization (zygotic). The transition from maternal to zygotic control occurs at different times in different animals according to the extent and form of maternal contributions, which likely reflect evolutionary and ecological forces. Maternally deposited transcripts rely on post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for precise spatial and temporal expression in the embryo, whereas zygotic transcripts can use both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. The differences in maternal contributions between animals may be associated with gene regulatory changes detectable by the size and complexity of the associated regulatory regions. We have used genomic data to identify and compare maternal and/or zygotic expressed genes from six different animals and find evidence for selection acting to shape gene regulatory architecture in thousands of genes. We find that mammalian maternal genes are enriched for complex regulatory regions, suggesting an increase in expression specificity, while egg-laying animals are enriched for maternal genes that lack transcriptional specificity. We propose that this lack of specificity for maternal expression in egg-laying animals indicates that a large fraction of maternal genes are expressed non-functionally, providing only supplemental nutritional content to the developing embryo. These results provide clear predictive criteria for analysis of additional genomes.
Concealed Ventricular Extrasystoles
Authors: LEO SCHAMROTH, HENRY J. L. MARRIOTT
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Evidence is presented for the new concept that ventricular extrasystoles can be "concealed," i.e., that the extrasystolic focus may be discharged without its impulse invading the surrounding myocardium, as in the "exit block" of parasystole. Concealed bigeminy is recognized when only odd numbers of sinus beats intervene between consecutive extrasystoles. Concealed trigeminy is recognizable when a multiple of 3 plus 2, i.e., 5, 8, 11, 14, etc., sinus beats invariably occupy the interectopic intervals. These concealed extrasystolic rhythms are illustrated and discussed. A genetic relationship between ventricular bigeminy and parasystole is reaffirmed.
676 CLINICAL IMPACT OF VIRAL LOAD ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND LIVER-RELATED MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: R. Noh, B.W. Kwon, Y.H. Kim, H.Y. Kang, S.B. Kim, I.H. Song
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Urinary incontinence in women.
Authors: P Hilton
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Urinary incontinence is defined as  condition in which involun? tary loss of urine is a social or hygienic problem, and is objectively demonstrable.1 It is a common cause of referral to gynaecology clinics, although the real extent of the problem, both in terms of the numbers of sufferers and the extent of their suffering, is probably grossly underestimated by health care agencies. The prevalence of incontinence occurring twice or more each month is estimated to be 8*5% in women aged 15-64 and 11*6% in those aged 65 or over.2 Thus there may be up to 20 000 incontinent women in each health district, 180000 in each region, and perhaps three million in the United Kingdom as a whole. Of these, less than 20% are likely to have had any investigation other than culture of midstream urine specimens,3 and a similarly small proportion receive help from health or social services.
Sympathetic activation triggers ventricular arrhythmias in rat heart with chronic infarction and failure
Authors: X Du
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: To seek direct evidence for a cause–effect relation between sympathetic activation and arrhythmogenesis. Methods: Rats underwent open-chest surgery with either coronary artery occlusion or sham operation, and were studied 8 weeks later using in situ heart perfusion and nerve stimulation methods. Results: Infarcted rats showed cardiac functional impairment and increased heart and lung weight. The extent of these changes correlated well with infarct size (IS). In in situ perfused hearts, sympathetic nerve stimulation (2 and 4 Hz, 45 s duration) induced a frequency-dependent release of norepinephrine (NE). NE release was lower in MI than that in control groups. In hearts with large IS (≥40%, n=19) ventricular arrhythmias were rare at baseline, but nerve stimulation evoked the onset of ventricular premature beats (95%), tachycardia (37%) and fibrillation (26%). IS and stimulation frequency were key determinants for the inducibility of arrhythmias. Lower K+ concentration enhanced arrhythmia inducibility. β-blockade inhibited the frequency of arrhythmias produced by nerve stimulation. Conclusion: In infarcted rat hearts sympathetic activation is a potent trigger for the onset of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Diseases of Medical Progress
Authors: Robert H. Major Moser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

The history of medicine is replete with examples of illness resulting from sound therpeuic endeavor. The emergence of a new syndrome while the patient is being treated for another condition has long been recognized in clinical medicine. However, in recent years the development of potent new therapeutic agents, improved surgical procedure and more efficient equipment has forced this facet of medicine into unprecedented prominence.This phenomenon may arise from a variety of causes. In the past, emphasis was placed on such things as product impurity, acute or chronic overdosage and ill defined individual sensitivity. In the diseases that are the . . .
Mumps Meningoencephalitis in Children
Authors: Parvin H. Azimi
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Fifty-one children with mumps meningoencephalitis were studied. The disease occurred throughout the year, with higher frequency in boys. The disease was of short duration and was generally benign. Parotitis accompanied meningoencephalitis in 47% of the patients. Appropriate serologic studies and/or recovery of virus from cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, urine, or washings of throat swabs are essential for the diagnosis of mumps meningoencephalitis in the absence of parotitis. All children recovered uneventfully and follow-up examinations of 33 children 4 to 40 months after the onset of meningoencephalitis showed no neurological sequelae or hearing loss. Serum amylase concentration was found to be elevated in the presence of parotitis and generally normal in primary mumps meningoencephalitis.
The Association of Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals with Maternal Essential and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and the Birth Weight of Their Offspring: The Hokkaido Study
Authors: Reiko Kishi, Tamie Nakajima, Houman Goudarzi, Sachiko Kobayashi, Seiko Sasaki, Emiko Okada, Chihiro Miyashita, Sachiko Itoh, Atsuko Araki, Tamiko Ikeno, Yusuke Iwasaki, Hiroyuki Nakazawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Fatty acids (FAs) are essential for fetal growth. Exposure to perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) may disrupt FA homeostasis, but there are no epidemiological data regarding associations of PFCs and FA concentrations.We estimated associations between perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)/perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations and maternal levels of FAs and triglyceride (TG) and birth size of the offspring.We analyzed 306 mother-child pairs in this birth cohort between 2002 and 2005 in Japan. The prenatal PFOS and PFOA levels were measured in maternal serum samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Maternal blood levels of nine FAs and TG were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and TG E-Test Wako kits, respectively. Information on infants' birth size was obtained from participant medical records.The median PFOS and PFOA levels were 5.6 and 1.4 ng/mL, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, including maternal age, parity, annual household income, blood sampling period, alcohol consumption, and smoking during pregnancy, PFOS but not PFOA had a negative association with the levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and arachidonic acids (p < 0.005) and TG (p-value = 0.016). Female infants weighed 186.6 g less with mothers whose PFOS levels were in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile (95% CI: -363.4, -9.8). We observed no significant association between maternal levels of PFOS and birth weight of male infants.Our data suggest an inverse association between PFOS exposure and polyunsaturated FA levels in pregnant women. We also found a negative association between maternal PFOS levels and female birth weight.
WHO calls for five year plan to tackle multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Research has investigated the use of non-invasive brain interventions, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), to enhance motor learning and rehabilitation. Much research has shown that tDCS improves motor learning and that bilateral tDCS is more beneficial than unilateral tDCS in improving motor learning. However, past research has primarily utilised simple motor tasks in measuring motor skill learning. These are not ecologically reliable as whole-body movement is required for everyday activities. This study involved two experiments. Each experiment involved participants learning 12 Ballroom and Latin dance moves whilst undergoing tDCS. All participants underwent three sessions of tDCS, (unilateral, bilateral and sham), over three consecutive days. Participants in the first experiment (n=30) had stimulation to the primary motor cortex (PMC) and those in the second experiment (n=31) had stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In each experiment, a baseline was taken before the training sessions and two outcome measures were taken; a day after the last training session and two weeks later. In each testing session participants’ dance ability was measured. Our results showed that bilateral tDCS impaired performance in both experiments. Unilateral stimulation impaired performance in the first experiment, and did not significantly improve performance any better than the sham stimulation in the second experiment. These results suggest that task complexity plays a crucial role when tDCS procedures are used to modulate motor performance and highlights possible limitations of tDCS in practice.
Sex and Familiarity of Colonoscopists: Patient Preferences
Authors: H. Fidler, A. Hartnett, K. Cheng Man, I. Derbyshire, M. Sheil
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: The gender preference of patients for doctors has been noted in many areas of medicine, but has never been studied in those undergoing the potentially embarassing procedures of colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. We were interested in whether patients did express a preference for either the sex of a doctor, or a doctor whom they had previously met, so that we might in future consider offering a choice of endoscopist.
Prospective population based survey of outcome of pregnancy in diabetic women: results of the Northern Diabetic Pregnancy Audit, 1994
Authors: G. Hawthorne, S Robson, E A Ryall, D Sen, S H Roberts, M P W. Platt
Journal: BMJ (1997)

This work presents a deterministic and a stochastic model for the simulation of industrial-size deionized water and water for injection (DI/WFI) systems. The objective of the simulations is to determine if additional DI/WFI demand from future production processes can be supported by an existing DI/WFI system. The models utilize discrete event simulation to compute the demand profile from the distribution system; they also use a continuous simulation to calculate the variation of the water level in the storage tank. Whereas the deterministic model ignores uncertainties, the stochastic model allows for both volume and schedule uncertainties. The Monte Carlo method is applied to solve the stochastic method. This paper compares the deterministic and stochastic models and shows that the deterministic model may be suitable for most applications and that the stochastic model should only be used if found necessary by the deterministic simulation. The models are programmed within Excel 2003 and are available for download as open public domain software (1), allowing for public modifications and improvements of the model. The proposed models may also be utilized to determine size or analyze the performance of other utilities, such as heat transfer media, drinking water, etc. <i>LAY ABSTRACT:</i> Water for injection (WFI) and other pharmaceutical water distribution systems are notoriously difficult to analyze analytically due to the highly dynamic variable demand that is drawn from these systems. Discrete event simulation may provide an answer where the typical engineering approach of utilizing a diversity factor fails. This paper develops an Excel based deterministic and stochastic model for a WFI system with the latter allowing for the modeling of offtake volume and schedule uncertainty. The paper also compares the deterministic and stochastic models and shows that the deterministic model may be suitable for most applications while the stochastic model should only be used if found necessary. The models are available for download as open public domain software allowing for modifications and improvements of the model.
"SWOBODA'S 'CONSCIOUS EVOLUTION'"
Authors: J. Rudis-Jicinsky
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the history of medicine and surgery, especially of the Egyptians and the old Hellada, exercise or physical culture went hand in hand with the healing arts for centuries up to the present so-called modern education. As believers in healthy, strong, proper living and of all systemic efforts of development of our bodies and minds, you cannot blame us if we always welcome your articles in the Propaganda for Reform department justly attacking quackery, pseudo-science,<i>et tuti quanti</i>. In the last issue you gave us the best in regard to the humbugs in advertising of so-called systems of gymnastics, home physical culture, etc. Swoboda's "Conscious Evolution," his daring and all his nonsense with all the refinement for selling was known to us for years and since 1890 as he started to "humbug" the others in Omaha, as the active member of our gymnastic association of Sokols. He
Cancer Cells and Normal Cells Differ in Their Requirements for <i>Thoc1</i>
Authors: Yanping Li, Athena W. Lin, Xiaojing Zhang, Yanqing Wang, Xiaoling Wang, David W. Goodrich
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The evolutionarily conserved TREX (Transcription/Export) complex physically couples transcription, messenger ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis, RNA processing, and RNA export for a subset of genes. HPR1 encodes an essential component of the S. cerevisiae TREX complex. HPR1 loss compromises transcriptional elongation, nuclear RNA export, and genome stability. Yet, HPR1 is not required for yeast viability. Thoc1 is the recently discovered human functional orthologue of HPR1. Thoc1 is expressed at higher levels in breast cancer than in normal epithelia, and expression levels correlate with tumor size and metastatic potential. Depletion of Thoc1 protein (pThoc1) in human cancer cell lines compromises cell proliferation. It is currently unclear whether Thoc1 is essential for all mammalian cells or whether cancer cells may differ from normal cells in their dependence on Thoc1. To address this issue, we have compared the requirements for Thoc1 in the proliferation and survival of isogenic normal and oncogene-transformed cells. Neoplastic cells rapidly lose viability via apoptotic cell death on depletion of pThoc1. Induction of apoptotic cell death is coincident with increased DNA damage as indicated by the appearance of phosphorylated histone H2AX. In contrast, the viability of normal cells is largely unaffected by pThoc1 loss. Normal cells lacking Thoc1 cannot be transformed by forced expression of E1A and Ha-ras, suggesting that Thoc1 may be important for neoplastic transformation. In sum, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that cancer cells require higher levels of pThoc1 for survival than normal cells. If true, pThoc1 may provide a novel molecular target for cancer therapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6657–64]
Generic Names and Trade Names
Authors: Edgar F. Mauer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The letter, "Generic Names and Trade Names," from Dr. J. H. Walton, of Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Inc., inThe Journal, Nov. 12, 1960, page 1548, merits serious consideration. He does not seem to appreciate the therapeutic puzzles which confront practicing physicians. With more than 400 new products introduced each year, and perhaps 50 new chemicals, the practitioner is faced with a problem of magnificent proportions. Before long, a computer will be a requirement for every properly equipped consultation room. Dr. Walton urges the use of trade names. Trademark names, by their very nature, are different, and their use poses a variety of problems. Some drugs have 20 or more trade names. Phenethicillin, just made available, is disguised under 8 markedly different titles. This complexity is needless, unscientific, and harmful. Traditionally, generic names have been relied upon to identify drugs. Now, even this aid has been demolished, and
YAP activation is an early event and a potential therapeutic target in liver cancer development
Authors: Andrea Perra, Marta Anna Kowalik, Elena Ghiso, Giovanna Maria Ledda-Columbano, Luca Di Tommaso, Maria Maddalena Angioni, Carlotta Raschioni, Elena Testore, Massimo Roncalli, Silvia Giordano, Amedeo Columbano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)