tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A FURTHER INQUIRY INTO THE SOURCE OF THE VIRUS IN BLACKHEAD OF TURKEYS, TOGETHER WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF IPECAC AND OF SULFUR
Authors: Ernest Edward Tyzzer, Marshal Fabyan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

That the ovum of Heterakis papillosa is an important source of the virus in the natural transmission of blackhead in turkeys is suggested by experimental evidence obtained in the present investigation. Confirmatory morphological evidence has not thus far been obtained to establish definitely that this worm serves as the invertebrate host of Histomonas meleagridis. It is possible occasionally to produce blackhead in turkeys by feeding large amounts of the virus alone, as obtained in liver lesions. This artificial procedure is, however, not duplicated in nature since the lesions of the disease are not eaten by young turkeys. The intentional contamination of the food of young turkeys with dirt taken from hen yards has in the present experiments invariably produced blackhead. The conditions provided are essentially those that prevail in many farmyards. The identity of blackhead infection in common fowls with that of turkeys is indicated by the production of the typical disease in a turkey by the inoculation of liver lesions obtained from a diseased chicken. It is not known whether variation in the period between the ingestion of Heterakis ova and the onset of the disease is dependent on the absence of the virus for a time or on the absence of the conditions necessary for invasion. Under experimental conditions a large proportion of the Heterakis ova fail, at least when fed by hand, to hatch out in the intestine, but, passing through, may later be taken up with contaminated food. This is shown by the occurrence in the ceca of larvae in various stages of development long after the Heterakis material is fed. Ipecac, like other drugs previously tested, is found to be of no practical value in the control of blackhead. It has no deleterious effect on Histomonas in the tissues and does not prevent the development of Heterakis. Its daily administration to the limit of tolerance fails to prevent infection or a fatal outcome in the naturally acquired disease. The fact that ipecac may delay the onset of the infection may perhaps be due to some physiological property of this drug. Sulfur administered daily in large amount likewise, possibly on account of its evacuant action, tends to delay infection. Recovery from inoculated blackhead is associated with a degree of immunity. That this is not permanent is indicated by the appearance of symptoms of blackhead several months after recovery from the inoculated disease. The fact that blackhead sometimes appears in mature turkeys that have been kept constantly on infested ground suggests that these birds may suffer from repeated attacks. Observations made during the course of the present investigations confirm previous conclusions as to the flagellate character of Histomonas meleagridis.
Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing in France
Authors: Alain Braillon
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
SRD5A Polymorphisms and Biochemical Failure After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Etienne Audet-Walsh, Judith Bellemare, Geneviève Nadeau, Louis Lacombe, Yves Fradet, Vincent Fradet, Shu-Pin Huang, Bo-Ying Bao, Pierre Douville, Hugo Girard, Chantal Guillemette, Eric Lévesque
Journal: European Urology (2011)
A SIN lentiviral vector containing piga cdna allows long-term phenotypic correction of CD34+-derived cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: David Robert, François-Xavier Mahon, Emmanuel Richard, Gabriel Etienne, Hubert de Verneuil, François Moreau-Gaudry
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorder in which an acquired somatic mutation of the X-linked PIGA gene results in a deficiency in GPI-anchored surface proteins. Clinically, PNH is dominated by a chronic hemolytic anemia, often associated with recurrent nocturnal exacerbations, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and thrombotic tendency. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation is the only potentially curative treatment for severe forms of PNH but is associated with a high treatment-related morbidity and mortality. HSC gene therapy could provide a new therapeutic option, especially when an HLA-matched donor is not available. To develop an efficient gene transfer approach, we have designed a new SIN lentiviral vector (TEPW) that contains the PIGA cDNA driven by the human elongation factor 1 alpha promoter, the central DNA flap of HIV-1, and the WPRE cassette. TEPW transduction led to a complete surface expression of the GPI anchor and CD59 in PIGA-deficient cell lines without any selection procedure. Moreover, efficient gene transfer was achieved in bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood CD34(+) cells derived from two patients with severe PNH disease. This expression was stable during erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic liquid culture differentiation. CD59 surface cell expression was fully restored during 5 weeks of long-term culture.
BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY ALONE VERSUS STENT IMPLANTATION IN ILIOFEMORAL ARTERY LESIONS
Authors: Seung-Woon Rha, Amro Elnagar, Byoung Geol Choi, Sung II Im, Sunwon Kim, Jin Oh Na, Seongwoo Han, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Hong-Seog Seo, Chang Gyu Park, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Pregnant Pause: Does Maternal PBDE Exposure Extend Time to Pregnancy?
Authors: Julia R. Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

No Link in Men without Occupational ExposuresOccupational exposure to organochlorine compounds during pesticide manufacturing or application has been associated with prostate cancer incidence.However, prostate cancer was not clearly associated with plasma levels of organochlorine compounds among Japanese men in the general population, according to results of a large-scale prospective study [EHP 118:659-665; Sawada et al.].Organochlorines can act as endocrine disruptors.Studies in animals and humans have reported evidence of associations between significant environmental exposures and effects such as urogenital malformation in boys born to agricultural workers.Organochlorines were banned in the 1970s in Japan, where the current study was based.However, because these compounds persist in the environment, environmental exposures may still be affecting human health.In a nested case-control study, the authors tracked the incidence of prostate cancer among 14,203 men aged 40-69 who were enrolled in a prospective study through the Japan Public Health Center.Participants responded to baseline health questionnaires and provided blood samples between 1990 and 1995; they were followed through 2005.The authors identified 201 participants who were diagnosed with prostate cancer during the period of the study, each of whom was matched with two controls from the study cohort.The baseline blood samples from these 603 men were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and several organochlorine pesticides.The authors found no statistically significant associations between blood levels of any organochlorine and prostate cancer.Contrary to expectations, men who developed cancer had lower blood levels of the pesticides hexachlorobenzene and β-hexachlorocyclohexane than men who did not develop cancer, though these inverse associations were not statistically significant.Strengths of the study include the large number of participants and the use of biological samples collected many years before diagnosis.However, the authors acknowledge the small number of cases of prostate cancer may have limited their ability to detect associations with organochlorine exposures.Moreover, the length of followup may have been insufficient to fully detect incidence of prostate cancer, which is generally slow to develop.Kris S. Freeman has written for Encarta encyclopedia, NIH, ABCNews.com,
Government has failed to improve dementia services as promised, report says
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

There is a wide gulf between repeated government promises to improve dementia services and what has happened in practice, the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee has said.

In a damning report on dementia services in England, the committee’s chairman, Edward Leigh, said that he felt “badly let down” by the Department of Health’s failure to act on its commitment to dementia services. 

“Just over a year ago [the department] published a five year national strategy to raise the quality and priority of dementia care. But the strategy lacks the tools to ensure effective implementation and make change happen. At an earlier hearing the department left us in no doubt that it was going to make dementia a national priority, in the same …
1044-55 Overdilation of cypher 3.0 mm 6 cells stent: Clinical consequences
Authors: Ioannis Iakovou, Goran Stankovic, Dejan Orlic, Giancarlo Vitrella, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Nicola Corvaja, Alaide Chieffo, Iassen Michev, Flavio Airoldi, Vassilis Spanos, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Amphotericin B blunts erythropoietin response to hypoxia by reinforcing FIH-mediated repression of HIF-1
Authors: Eun-Jin Yeo, Ji-Hye Ryu, Young-Suk Cho, Yang-Sook Chun, L. Eric Huang, Myung-Suk Kim, Jong-Wan Park
Journal: Blood (2005)
Renal handling of calcium and sodium in metastatic and non-metastatic malignancy.
Authors: S R Heller, D J Hosking
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Investigation of the renal handling of calcium and sodium in rehydrated patients with hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy showed enhanced reabsorption of calcium in most cases. This was a feature of both metastatic and non-metastatic malignancy, and in this respect the patients were indistinguishable from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. As the increased calcium reabsorption was inversely correlated with the rate of excretion of sodium modest salt loading can be used to inhibit this process. This is an important practical aspect of the treatment of patients with this type of hypercalcaemia.
Human blood BDCA-1 dendritic cells differentiate into Langerhans-like cells with thymic stromal lymphopoietin and TGF-β
Authors: Carolina Martínez-Cingolani, Maximilien Grandclaudon, Marine Jeanmougin, Mabel Jouve, Raphaël Zollinger, Vassili Soumelis
Journal: Blood (2014)
The Cardiothoracic Ratio
Authors: Paul Dudley White
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  I am writing a letter to protest the first cardiovascular anachronisms mentioned in the article by that title by Dr. Marvin L. Daves inThe Journal(224:879, 1973).  The first anachronism that Dr. Daves would like deleted concerns the cardiothoracic ratio. I would agree that probably this largely applies to chest films, but as I do it by cardiac fluoroscopy with orthodiagraphic attachments, I have found for many years that the cardiothoracic ratio can be relied on if it is consistently and carefully done.  In my own patients I fluoroscopically take into account the motion of the diaphragm, the condition of the lungs, and the general and cardiac health of the individual. My technique is to look fluoroscopically at the entire chest first and have the patient take one or two deep breaths. I observe the position of the diaphragm and whether or not the left leaf is
A general intensive therapy unit.
Authors: R. Finn, B. G. Haggart, W. F. White, R. H. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Intensive therapy units are usually thought of in terms of respiratory units in which the sine qua non for entry is tracheostomy and positive pressure respiration.This concept has been extended to post-operative recovery units, especially those dealing with open heart surgery; more recently special units for the management of myocardial infarction have been established.The present paper describes our experience in setting up an intensive therapy unit (I.T.U.) specially designed for acute medical and surgical cases.
Short term increase in risk of breast cancer after full term pregnancy.
Authors: P. Bruzzi, E. Negri, C. La Vecchia, A. Decarli, D. Palli, F. Parazzini, M. R. Del Turco
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To determine whether there is a short term increase in the risk of breast cancer after a full term birth data from two hospital based, case-control studies in Italy were pooled. Analysis was restricted to women aged under 50 with two or more children (573 women with cancer and 570 controls). A relative risk for breast cancer of 2.66 was seen in women who had given birth during the three years preceding the interview compared with women whose last birth had occurred 10 or more years before, after adjustment for age, age at first birth, and parity. The relative risk slowly decreased for women who had last given birth three to 10 years before. Multivariate analyses confirmed the protective effect of an early age at first birth and the age dependent effect of parity on the risk of breast cancer--that is, a direct relation below age 40 and an inverse one in older women. These data provide epidemiological evidence that a full term birth is followed by a transient increase in the risk of breast cancer, which for some time contrasts with and overcomes the long term protection of pregnancy at an early age. They therefore confirm predictions from animal studies and theoretical models that pregnancy prevents the early stages of breast carcinogenesis but promotes the late stages of the process.
Role of the hospice in the care of the dying.
Authors: W D Rees
Journal: BMJ (1982)

didn't it?You felt human-a person, not just a piece of the furniture-or, worse still, an embarrassment to everyone, like a bad smell in a clean ward.Last week he told me the story of the guide at Niagara Falls, who says, "I'll bet you have nothing like this where you come from," and the little man from Glasgow who replies "No, but I know a good plumber who might be able to fix it for you."I had heard it before, but I didn't have the heart to tell him so; he must have saved it up for the ward round, knowing I was a plumber.So that's the first thing you get on a good ward round.They treat you like a human being.And you begin to relax a little.And you feel less tense, more yourself.BILL: What's the second thing?GEORGE: The second thing is that they want to know all about your symptoms.The ones that matter most to you are the ones that matter most to them.So far as possible, they aim to do something about them.There's nothing half hearted about it.You can see they mean business.They have a quick look at you, check up on a few things in a professional, workmanlike sort of way-maybe explain some of your symptoms-and then tell you what they are going to do and what they are hoping for.BILL: Perhaps in some wards they just don't have the time.It's like any other job.You have to pick and choose a bit when you are under pressure.GEORGE: No. It's not that.Take this lot we are with now.Every week they have a dozen new acute cases-sometimes they hardly know if they are coming or going.At times like that they can't spend more than a minute or two with patients like you and me.Even when they are not so busy, they forget things, they make mistakes, they are not perfect ... far from it.But they care.They try.They don't give up easily.When I came in I was in a terrible state, with pain and shortness of breath and God knows what else.I wanted to feel better quickly or die.And they saw this immediately.So they got to work.No messing about.No red tape.No waiting for scans or x-rays that weren't really needed.It took them less than two days to discover I needed four
A Treatise on Insanity
Authors: M. S. Rahman
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Is it possible to treat patients with mental illness humanely and still effect a change? This question was central to Philippe Pinel’s seminal book Traite Medico-Philosophique sur L’alienation Mentale ou la Manie . It was published in France in 1801, and a popular translation ( A Treatise on Insanity ) was published in England in 1806. This book had an enormous influence on French and Anglo-American psychiatrists during the 19th century.

Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) has been described as the father of modern psychiatry. He was born in 1745, and his name has most commonly been associated with …
Oral psoralen photochemotherapy in severe childhood atopic eczema: an update
Authors: M.P. SHEEHAN, D.J. ATHERTON, P. NORRIS, J. HAWK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Oral psoralen photochemotherapy in severe childhood atopic eczema: an update Get access M.P. SHEEHAN, M.P. SHEEHAN Department of Paediatric Dermatdogy, St John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London SEl 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. ATHERTON, D.J. ATHERTON Department of Paediatric Dermatdogy, St John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London SEl 7EH, U.K. Dr D. J. Atherton. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. NORRIS, P. NORRIS Department of Photobiology, St John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London SEl 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. HAWK J. HAWK Department of Photobiology, St John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London SEl 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 4, 1 October 1993, Pages 431–436, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03171.x Published: 01 October 1993 Article history Accepted: 12 May 1993 Published: 01 October 1993
Not a mouse stirring: deletion of the EP2 and love’s labor’s lost
Authors: Sandra Austin, Garret A. FitzGerald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has long been implicated as a proinflammatory mediator; indeed, inhibition of PGE2 formation is thought to underlie the actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective inhibitors of the PGG/PGH synthase-2 enzyme, commonly termed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (1, 2). PGs activate specific G protein–coupled receptors; there are 4 distinct PGE receptors (EPs) (3). Targeted disruption of each of these subtypes and both COX isozymes has been accomplished. Given the anti-inflammatory efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors in clinical trials (4), it is surprising that neither the COX-2 nor EP knockouts have yet exhibited an anti-inflammatory phenotype. By contrast, targeted disruption of a phospholipase with particular affinity for arachidonic acid (cPLA2), COX-1, and the prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor (IP) modulates inflammatory responses in the mouse (5–7). The EP knockouts are more informative about the role of PGE2 in the febrile response: deletion of the EP3 subtype confers resistance to endogenous and exogenous pyrogens (8). Remodeling of the ductus arteriosus fails to occur after birth in EP4-deficient mice, resulting in death of the neonatal animals (9, 10).
Cold is the main health threat after the Bam earthquake
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Two weeks after the earthquake that hit southern Iran, killing over a third of Bam's population of 90 000, efforts have moved from the initial rescue operation to longer term rehabilitation and recovery.

The main hospital buildings in Bam, and most urban and rural health clinics in the area, have collapsed, and many medical staff and health workers were killed or injured. The earthquake ruined 95 of the area's 96 community healthcare …
Lidocaine to Prevent Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Bernard Lown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

LIDOCAINE was introduced into medical use at the inception of the era of coronary care units.1 , 2 These units were established to protect patients against lethal ventricular arrhythmias known to occur in the early stages of acute myocardial infarction. Lidocaine administered intravenously abolished the ubiquitous ectopic activity promptly and consistently. The powerful antiarrhythmic drug was believed to contribute substantially to the improved prognoses of patients treated in coronary care units. The absence of convincing data that the drug saved lives did not quench the enthusiasm of coronary care physicians for injecting all comers with lidocaine.The appropriateness of the prophylactic use . . .
Challenge for doctors and policy makers
Authors: Paul Haber
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Mr Bond's management raises several issues.1 In the rapid responses on bmj.com, Mark Willenbring succinctly summarises the most practical approach to the management of Mr Bond's alcohol dependence.2 Regular follow-up with feedback on progress and continuing encouragement to reduce alcohol use can be surprisingly effective. It is also a straightforward management plan that can be offered by the patient's current medical team. Cirrhotic patients can safely be offered treatment to control their alcohol use with acamprosate, naltrexone, or disulfiram, singly or in combination.3 These drugs are simpler to prescribe and monitor than many used in routine clinical practice and …