tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GABA from reactive astrocytes impairs memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Seonmi Jo, Oleg Yarishkin, Yu Jin Hwang, Ye Eun Chun, Mijeong Park, Dong Ho Woo, Jin Young Bae, Taekeun Kim, Jaekwang Lee, Heejung Chun, Hyun Jung Park, Da Yong Lee, Jinpyo Hong, Hye Yun Kim, Soo-Jin Oh, Seung Ju Park, Hyo Lee, Bo-Eun Yoon, YoungSoo Kim, Yong Jeong, Insop Shim, Yong Chul Bae, Jeiwon Cho, Neil W Kowall, Hoon Ryu, Eunmi Hwang, Daesoo Kim, C Justin Lee
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Diastolic Ventricular Interaction
Authors: John J. Atherton, Helen L. Thomson, Thomas D. Moore, Karen N. Wright, Gerry W. F. Muehle, Loretta E. Fitzpatrick, Michael P. Frenneaux
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Baroreflex dysfunction is common in chronic heart failure and contributes to the associated sympathoexcitation. Baroreceptor activity normally decreases during volume unloading, causing an increase in sympathetic outflow and resulting in forearm vasoconstriction. Some heart failure patients develop attenuated vasoconstriction or paradoxical vasodilation. The mechanism for this is unknown. We have recently demonstrated diastolic ventricular interaction in some patients with chronic heart failure as evidenced by increases in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume in association with decreases in right ventricular (RV) volume during volume unloading. We reasoned that such an increase in LV volume, by increasing LV mechanoreceptor activity, would decrease sympathetic outflow and could therefore explain the abnormal vascular responses seen in such patients. Methods and Results We assessed changes in forearm vascular resistance (FVR) during application of −20 and −30 mm Hg lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) in 24 patients with chronic heart failure and 16 control subjects. Changes in LV and RV end-diastolic volumes were assessed during −30 mm Hg LBNP in all heart failure patients. Diastolic ventricular interaction was demonstrated in 12 patients as evidenced by increases in LV end-diastolic volume in association with decreases in RV end-diastolic volume during LBNP. Changes in FVR during LBNP (−20 and −30 mm Hg) were markedly attenuated in these 12 patients (−1.6±11.2 and −0.9±12.5 U) compared with both the remaining patients (11.9±10.0 and 17.0±12.3 U) and the control subjects (16.5±9.5 and 23.1±13.9 U) ( P &lt;.01 for both comparisons at each level of LBNP). FVR decreased in 5 of these 12 patients during −30 mm Hg LBNP, a response seen in none of the remaining patients ( P =.01). Conclusions Diastolic ventricular interaction in patients with chronic heart failure is associated with attenuated forearm vasoconstriction or paradoxical vasodilation during LBNP. This may explain the apparent derangement in baroreflex control of sympathetic outflow during acute volume unloading in heart failure.
P973 VALUE-BASED APPROACH TO HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: OUTCOME INDICATORS TESTED IN A LARGE MULTICENTER STUDY (VBMH STUDY)
Authors: S. Okolicsanyi, A. Ciaccio, M. Rota, M. Gentiluomo, M. Gemma, A. Grisolia, P.A. Cortesi, L. Scalone, L. Mantovani, P. Pontisso, P. Burra, L. Fabris, M. Mondelli, M. Colledan, S. Fagiuoli, M.G. Valsecchi, G. Cesana, L.S. Belli, V. Mazzaferro, M. Strazzabosco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Low-Gestational-Age Neonates With Low-Grade Periventricular-Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Allison H. Payne, Susan R. Hintz, Anna Maria Hibbs, Michele C. Walsh, Betty R. Vohr, Carla M. Bann, Deanne E. Wilson-Costello
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Low-grade periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage is a common neurologic morbidity among extremely low-gestational-age neonates, yet the outcomes associated with this morbidity are not fully understood. In a contemporary multicenter cohort, we evaluated the impact of such hemorrhages on early (18-22 month) neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely premature infants.To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age for extremely low-gestational-age infants with low-grade (grade 1 or 2) periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage with those of infants with either no hemorrhage or severe (grade 3 or 4) hemorrhage demonstrated on cranial ultrasonography.Longitudinal observational study.Sixteen centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.A total of 1472 infants born at less than 27 weeks' gestational age between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2008, with ultrasonography results within the first 28 days of life and surviving to 18 to 22 months with complete follow-up assessments were eligible.Low-grade periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage.Outcomes included cerebral palsy; gross motor functional limitation; cognitive and language scores according to the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition; and composite measures of neurodevelopmental impairment. Regression modeling evaluated the association of hemorrhage severity with adverse outcomes while controlling for potentially confounding variables and center differences.Low-grade hemorrhage was not associated with significant differences in unadjusted or adjusted risk of any adverse neurodevelopmental outcome compared with infants without hemorrhage. Compared with low-grade hemorrhage, severe hemorrhage was associated with decreased adjusted continuous cognitive (β, -3.91 [95% CI, -6.41 to -1.42]) and language (β, -3.19 [-6.19 to -0.19]) scores as well as increased odds of each adjusted categorical outcome except severe cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR], 1.46 [0.74 to 2.88]) and mild language impairment (OR, 1.35 [0.88 to 2.06]).At 18 to 22 months, the neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low-gestational-age infants with low-grade periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage are not significantly different from those without hemorrhage. Additional study at school age and beyond would be informative.
Tobacco use in Vietnam. Prevalence, predictors, and the role of the transnational tobacco corporations
Authors: Christopher N. H. Jenkins, Pham Xuan Dai, Do Hong Ngoc, Hoang Van Kinh, Truong Trong Hoang, Sarah Bales, Susan Stewart, Stephen J. McPhee
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To describe tobacco use in Vietnam and the impact of transnational tobacco corporations there.In cities, a multistage cluster design; in communes, a systematic sample design, using face-to-face interviews in all sites.Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and 2 rural communes in Vietnam.Random samples totaling 2004 men and women aged 18 years or older.Prevalence and correlates of tobacco smoking, amount and duration of smoking, age at initiation, quitting behavior, knowledge of health hazards of and attitudes toward smoking, and cigarette brand smoked, preferred, and recognized as most widely advertised.Smoking prevalence among men (n=970) was 72.8% and 4.3% among women (n=1031). Male smokers had smoked a mean of 15.5 years; the median age at initiation was 19.5 years. Among male smokers, 16% smoked non-Vietnamese cigarettes. More than twice as many (38%), however, said that they would prefer to smoke a non-Vietnamese brand if they could afford the cost. Among those who recalled any cigarette advertising (38%), 71% recalled a non-Vietnamese brand as the most commonly advertised. Male smokers who were significantly more likely to smoke non-Vietnamese brands lived in the south, were engaged in blue collar or business/service occupations, earned higher incomes, and lived in urban areas.Vietnam has the highest reported male smoking prevalence rate in the world. Unless forceful steps are taken to reduce smoking among men and prevent the uptake of smoking by youth and women, Vietnam will face a tremendous health and economic burden in the near future. Implementation of a comprehensive national tobacco control campaign together with international regulation will be the keys to the eradication of the tobacco epidemic in Vietnam and throughout the developing world.
The Incubation Period of Coronary Thrombosis.
Authors: S. L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The author of this book finds little merit in the thesis that lipid deposition or mural thrombosis initiates the process by which coronary arteries may eventually become occluded. Even vessels with multiple lumens are not considered to contain organized and recanalized thrombi. He believes that some 35 distinct processes are involved and that the absence of lipid in a thickened intima is prima facie evidence that none was ever present. Osborn's views are ingenious and original but do not involve over-simplification. Novel interpretations require new nomenclature and this is richly supplied. A glossary might have been useful to relate such expressions as "triphasic parites," "angular activity," "necroliths," "feeders," and "dikes" to older terms in general usage. A unique system, that the author considers to be simple, is used to codify the lesions. These at first glance resemble tabulated stock market quotations in a Japanese financial journal. The expression 1, 0.5,
Neoplasia complicating ureterosigmoidostomy.
Authors: J N Kille, S Glick
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Non-Q-wave infarction is associated with a significant incidence of infarction and death. We followed 52 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) within three months of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Thirty-eight patients had single-vessel disease, 12 had double-vessel disease, and two had triple-vessel disease. A t follow-up at 28 ± 8 months, all patients were alive. Three suffered a recurrent myocardial infarction during the follow-up period. Nine underwent repeat angioplasty. Four patients had bypass surgery for recurrent symptoms. Only 25% of the patients had angina at follow-up, and all but two were in an improved functional class. P T C A may be used safely in the management of patients after non-Q-wave infarction and results in a favorable long-term prognosis.
Adolescents in primary care
Authors: Ann McPherson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The specific health needs of young people are often neglected by primary care as it is believed that adolescents are on the whole a healthy group who rarely present to their general practitioner (GP). “Out of sight” has been “out of mind,” especially given the ever increasing pressures on primary care from other client groups.

The new GP contract in England and Wales has done nothing to mitigate this. Change is needed, however, as teenagers (a) have many health concerns, though they do not always tell their GP about them, and (b) do visit their GPs, on average two to three times a year (with about 70% of all teenagers visiting their GP in any one year). These visits provide opportunities to deal with their health concerns.

Surveys have shown that adolescents are usually happy to discuss health issues with their GP, but 40% say that they find it difficult to see their GP. Over 60% said that they would not know how to register with a GP when they left home, and 71% did not know how to register as a temporary resident. Young people identify confidentiality and access as the most important aspects of primary care for them.



Reasons that teenagers visit their general practitioner. Data from Churchill et al. Br J Gen Pract 2000;50: 953-7 



A survey of all general practices in Oxfordshire showed that only about 30% of practices had tackled the issue of confidentiality and “user friendly” services for adolescents. These are the issues perceived by teenagers as the greatest barriers to accessing primary care.



Aspects of primary care identified as most important to young people. Data from Donovan C et al. Br J Gen Pract 1997;47: 715-8 



View this table:

Barriers to primary care perceived by adolescents



Effective communication is an essential part of any clinical interaction. …
Structural analysis of a human I-A homologue using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an MB3-like specificity.
Authors: R C Giles, G Nunez, C K Hurley, A Nunez-Roldan, R Winchester, P Stastny, J D Capra
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Monoclonal antibody IVD12 was used to isolate and characterize a human Ia molecule present on B cells that generally display DR4 or DR5 phenotypes. The specificity of binding of IVD12 to human peripheral blood B cells from 75 normal individuals and 19 homozygous human lymphoblastoid B cell lines was identical to the supertypic specificity MB3 previously defined. Furthermore, IVD12-reactivity was shown to segregate with HLA in three informative families. In each family, individuals positive for IVD12 binding were also positive for DR4 or DR5. Using IVD12, a molecule has been isolated from the homozygous cell line PRIESS (DR4/4) and has been shown by amino acid sequence analysis to be homologous to the murine I-A and human HLA-DS molecules. These findings suggest that the MB3 specificity is found on a molecule encoded by loci distinct from those loci which encode HLA-DR molecules. This molecule represents the third family of HLA-D region molecules isolated from the cell line PRIESS. Both HLA-DR and HLA-SB molecules from this cell line were previously shown by amino acid sequence analysis to be I-E-like but distinct from one another. Collectively, these data provide evidence that the HLA-D region contains at least six loci encoding distinct alpha and beta chains for the HLA-SB, HLA-DR, and HLA-DS molecules.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging of Cortical Bone Metastases
Authors: Gabriel H. Johnson, Lex A. Mitchell, Jerry M. Brown
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Osteolytic cortical bone metastases (CBM) saucerize cortical bone surfaces and, especially in tubular bones, may demonstrate a unique appearance differentiating them from the much more commonly observed metastatic disease in the medullary space of bone. A Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate 3 phase bone scan in our 58-year-old male patient who presented with a 3-month history of worsening bilateral lower extremity pain was positive in all 3 phases at the mid-diaphyseal levels of both tibiae. Correlative plain film radiographs demonstrated extensive geographic cortical osteolysis in both tibiae consistent with CBM. Extramedullary hypermetabolic masses associated with cortical osteolysis were demonstrated at these tibial sites by F-18 FDG PET/CT scanning. A presumed primary lung poorly differentiated neoplasm with extensive dissemination in and beyond the chest to other osseous structures, cervical lymph nodes, both adrenal glands, and brain was the most likely source of his CBM.
Anatomy of the Crura of the Diaphragm and the Surgery of Hiatus Hernia
Authors: J. L. Collis, T. D. Kelly, A. M. Wiley
Journal: Thorax (1954)

ANATOMYin 32%. of cases.A marked example of this is shown in Fig. 7.The overlap below the hiatus presents the usual pattern, but all the fibres forming the lower muscle band come from the left crus.They cross over in a scissor-like fashion, a similar band coming on July 24,
THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO TOLUENE IN INDUSTRY
Authors: LEONARD GREENBURG
Journal: JAMA (1942)

In the winter of 1940-1941 a survey of the airplane industry in New York State was made by the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the New York State Department of Labor. In the course of this survey it was found that large amounts of toluene were being used as a component of paints. Preliminary analyses of the air of the workrooms in which these paints were being used showed relatively high concentrations of toluene. Use of toluene in this country has increased in the past few years. Whereas in 1930 there were 16,097,856 gallons produced, in 1939 the amount of toluene produced exceeded 24,000,000 gallons.<sup>1</sup>Toluene has gradually replaced benzene (benzol) in many industrial processes. In recent months, however, use of toluene has expanded enormously owing to the requirements of the defense program. The importance of this substance in national defense industries prompted the immediate reappraisal of its toxicity.
Monoamines in RCVH: Implications from sleep, neurophysiologic, and clinical research
Authors: Roumen Kirov
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

The role of brain monoamines may be important for the neurobiology of the alterations of visual alertness in recurrent complex visual hallucinations (RCVH). This is evidenced by sleep research, neurophysiologic, and clinical data. Hence, the mechanisms of RCVH may not be simply explained by acetylcholine underactivity only.
Dissociation of Circulating Renin and Erythropoietin in Rats
Authors: R. M. DONATI, J. J. BOURGOIGNIE, C. KUHN, N. I. GALLAGHER, H. M. PERRY, Linda Kurz
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Renin and erythropoietin activities were measured in the plasma of 110 rats exposed to various conditions designed to dissociate the two renal "hormones." In acute experiments, intraperitoneal injection of polythiazide increased renin activity but did not change erythropoietin activity; exposure to low oxygen tension increased erythropoietin activity and caused an insignificant decrease in renin activity. In chronic experiments, salt restriction or the combination of salt loading and desoxycorticosterone for 2 weeks increased or decreased renin activity, respectively, without changing erythropoietin activity. The combination of chronic salt loading and acute hypoxia reduced renin activity and increased erythropoietin activity. In the final experiment, intraperitoneally injected cobaltous chloride acutely increased erythropoietin activity without markedly altering renin activity. Without contributing to the solution of the problem of the cell origin of erythropoietin, the present study clearly indicates that the secretion of renin and erythropoietin can be dissociated.
Brain Tumors: From Childhood Through Adolescence Into Adulthood
Authors: Mark W. Kieran, David Walker, Didier Frappaz, Michael Prados
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

The transition from childhood to adulthood through adolescence has been clearly identified as a time of great physical, psychological, emotional, social, and sexual change. Clinical care is currently divided into adult or pediatric care; adolescent patients require specific expertise that most clinical practices do not have. When illness coincides with the adolescent transition, the health system is severely challenged. Health systems historically have varied widely in the age they choose for allocating an individual to the adult model of health care. Tumors of the CNS complicate the difficult adjustments required in adolescents and young adults by virtue of their morbidity, complex treatment, and prognosis. Some brain tumors are unique to children, some occur predominantly in adults, and others peak in adolescence. Delays in the diagnosis of brain tumors can occur at any age but are particularly common in adolescence because of difficulties of accessing health systems, the difficulties of discriminating pathologic from typical adolescent behavioral characteristics, and changing endocrine function. Coming to terms with the cancer diagnosis; coping personally, socially, and financially with cancer treatments; accepting the risk of a shortened life span; confronting acquired disability; and coping with complex rehabilitation and adjusted plans for life are challenges for which there are no established specialist health models. This article will discuss the changing brain tumor profile of children, adolescents, and adults, with a focus on our limited understanding of the adolescent/young adult transition period.
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs): Role as Guardians of Inflammation
Authors: Darwin J Prockop, Joo Youn Oh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Recent observations have demonstrated that one of the functions of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is to serve as guardians against excessive inflammatory responses. One mode of action of the cells is that they are activated to express the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist. A second mode of action is to create a negative feedback loop in which tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other proinflammatory cytokines from resident macrophages activate MSCs to secrete the multifunctional anti-inflammatory protein TNF-α stimulated gene/protein 6 (TSG-6). The TSG-6 then reduces nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in the resident macrophages and thereby modulates the cascade of proinflammatory cytokines. A third mode of action is to create a second negative feedback loop whereby lipopolysaccharide, TNF-α, nitric oxide, and perhaps other damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from injured tissues and macrophages activate MSCs to secrete prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). The PGE(2) converts macrophages to the phenotype that secretes IL-10. There are also suggestions that MSCs may produce anti-inflammatory effects through additional modes of action including activation to express the antireactive oxygen species protein stanniocalcin-1.
Approaches to the Chemotherapy of Virus Infections.
Authors: Igor Tamm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Approaches to the Chemotherapy of Virus Infections.Igor Tamm, M.D., Hans J. Eggers, M.D.Igor Tamm, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Hans J. Eggers, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-731_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecent years have seen two new developments which bear on the broad problem of the chemotherapy of virus infections. Selective inhibition of viral replication by chemical compounds has been demonstrated with a number of viruses, and the first successes in the chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of viral infections in man have been recorded. Of equal significance is the discovery that viruses direct the synthesis in virus-infected cells of new enzymes which function in the synthesis of the viral genetic material, which may be deoxyribonucleic or ribonucleic acid. Both the viral genetic material and the virus-directed enzymes represent suitable targets for selective... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 731-731KeywordsCellsChemopreventionChemotherapyEnzymesGeneticsRNAViral replication Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...