tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Costs of Respiratory Illnesses Arising from Florida Gulf Coast <i>Karenia brevis</i> Blooms
Authors: Porter Hoagland, Di Jin, Lara Y. Polansky, Barbara Kirkpatrick, Gary Kirkpatrick, Lora E. Fleming, Andrew Reich, Sharon M. Watkins, Steven G. Ullmann, Lorraine C. Backer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Algal blooms of Karenia brevis, a harmful marine algae, occur almost annually off the west coast of Florida. At high concentrations, K. brevis blooms can cause harm through the release of potent toxins, known as brevetoxins, to the atmosphere. Epidemiologic studies suggest that aerosolized brevetoxins are linked to respiratory illnesses in humans.We hypothesized a relationship between K. brevis blooms and respiratory illness visits to hospital emergency departments (EDs) while controlling for environmental factors, disease, and tourism. We sought to use this relationship to estimate the costs of illness associated with aerosolized brevetoxins.We developed a statistical exposure-response model to express hypotheses about the relationship between respiratory illnesses and bloom events. We estimated the model with data on ED visits, K. brevis cell densities, and measures of pollen, pollutants, respiratory disease, and intra-annual population changes.We found that lagged K. brevis cell counts, low air temperatures, influenza outbreaks, high pollen counts, and tourist visits helped explain the number of respiratory-specific ED diagnoses. The capitalized estimated marginal costs of illness for ED respiratory illnesses associated with K. brevis blooms in Sarasota County, Florida, alone ranged from $0.5 to $4 million, depending on bloom severity.Blooms of K. brevis lead to significant economic impacts. The costs of illness of ED visits are a conservative estimate of the total economic impacts. It will become increasingly necessary to understand the scale of the economic losses associated with K. brevis blooms to make rational choices about appropriate mitigation.
Study of Active Duty Military for Pulmonary Disease Related to Environmental Deployment Exposures (STAMPEDE)
Authors: Michael J. Morris, Darrel W. Dodson, Pedro F. Lucero, Georgette D. Haislip, Roger A. Gallup, Karin L. Nicholson, Lisa L. Zacher
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Because of increased levels of airborne particulate matter in Southwest Asia, deployed military personnel are at risk for developing acute and chronic lung diseases. Increased respiratory symptoms are reported, but limited data exist on reported lung diseases.To evaluate new respiratory complaints in military personnel returning from Southwest Asia to determine potential etiologies for symptoms.Returning military personnel underwent a prospective standardized evaluation for deployment-related respiratory symptoms within 6 months of returning to their duty station.Prospective standardized evaluation included full pulmonary function testing, high-resolution chest tomography, methacholine challenge testing, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. Other procedures including lung biopsy were performed if clinically indicated. Fifty patients completed the study procedures. A large percentage (42%) remained undiagnosed, including 12% with normal testing and an isolated increase in lavage neutrophils or lymphocytes. Twenty (40%) patients demonstrated some evidence of airway hyperreactivity to include eight who met asthma criteria and two with findings secondary to gastroesophageal reflux. Four (8%) additional patients had isolated reduced diffusing capacity and the remaining six had other miscellaneous airway disorders. No patients were identified with diffuse parenchymal disease on the basis of computed tomography imaging. A significant number (66%) of this cohort had underlying mental health and sleep disorders.Evaluation of new respiratory symptoms in military personnel after service in Southwest Asia should focus on airway hyperreactivity from exposures to higher levels of ambient particulate matter. These patients may be difficult to diagnose and require close follow-up.
Prolonged Anuria in Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: Esther Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

IN WEGENER'S granulomatosis with renal involvement, the outcome had been uniformly fatal until cytotoxic therapy was found to dramatically alter the course of the disease. We describe a patient with remarkable recovery of renal function while receiving cyclophosphamide therapy after prolonged anuria.  Report of a Case  A 24-year-old woman was well until April 1976, when a fistula developed in the scar of a uterotomy performed five years earlier. In May, she had severe otitis media on the left, with hearing loss and perforation of the tympanic membrane. An excision of the abdominal fistula was done in July; the histologic examination showed chronic granulomatous inflammation. In August, polyarthralgia and otitis media on the right and facial nerve palsy on the left developed. A mastoidectomy was performed because of mastoiditis; a histologic examination was not done.  On Sept 10, she was admitted to another hospital because of prostration, fever, and ulcerations of
The drug bill.
Authors: S W Davies
Journal: BMJ (1977)

occasion, 20 or so ticks off my skin, not giving them time to dig in.They are easy to remove if it is done promptly after a walk through their habitat.Ticks can transmit a variety of arbovirus and rickettsial infections to man, but probably rarely do so in Britain.Some 33 cases a year of Q fever are reported in Scotland.Possibly some of these may have been transmitted by tick bites but probably most infections are acquired through milk, meat, or the handling of infected animals or their afterbirths.
Subcutaneous Pacemaker Placement
Authors: Seymour Furman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have read the article by Kim et al (228:74, 1974) concerning the fixation of a subcutaneous pacemaker pulse generator by use of an anchor suture to the clavicle, which is a fixed point in the anatomy of the chest wall. Certainly, this suggestion has merit. However, a recent letter by Azzam (228:1368, 1974) seems to me to be an incorrect approach to the same problem. The resolution of the problem of displacement of an electrode pulled by a heavy pacemaker should not be "suturing the lead to the fascia of the pectoral muscle." That will not solve the problem, but will convert the point of fixation to the electrode itself. If the heavy pacemaker then continues to drop, the pull will be on the electrode not with distraction of the electrode from the vein, but the highest point of suture fixation. Under those circumstances, it is almost
Preventing injuries in childhood
Authors: R Smith, I B Pless
Journal: BMJ (1994)

What is the leading cause of death among children and adolescents? Not AIDS, not cancer or diabetes, not cystic fibrosis or heart disease, and certainly not meningitis. For most countries in the developed world, and increasingly in the developing world as well, about one half of all deaths after the first year of life are due to injuries - unintentional and intentional. In Britain in 1990 injuries caused a quarter of deaths in those aged 1-4, more than a third in those aged 5-14, and three of every five deaths in those aged 15-19. Many people - professional and lay - are astonished by these figures.

Despite the frequency, and often serious medical and psychological consequences, of injuries, scientific reports about them are not often found in medical journals. Instead, reports are scattered in numerous other publications, many of them non-medical. While this is understandable given the varied disciplines that make important contributions to …
Vascular Complications in Nephrotic Syndrome: Relationship to Steroid Therapy and Accelerated Thromboplastin Generation
Authors: A. P. Mukherjee, B. H. Toh, G. L. Chan, K. S. Lau, J. C. White
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Arterial thrombosis and renal vein thrombosis occurred in two men and one woman, respectively, treated with steroids for the nephrotic syndrome. Raised serum cholesterol occurred in one patient only. Though bleeding, clotting, and prothrombin times, as well as the platelet counts, were normal, the rate of thromboplastin generation was increased in all three patients. Adding heparin to the plasma of one patient slowed the rate, and suggested that the raised rate could be due to removal or suppression of such normal circulating coagulation inhibitors. The thromboplastin generation test seems to be useful in diagnosing and managing such hypercoagulable states, and may help in further investigations of their causes.
DEPILATORY AND ANTISEBACEOUS ACTIONS OF BORIC ACID
Authors: P. J. Hanzlik
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Mathews' widely used textbook, "Physiological Chemistry" (Ed. 3, p. 209) is the following statement regarding boric acid: "Now it is found if a glass rod be touched to the skin beside the nose and then touched to the water, it makes the camphor [on the water] still, provided the skin has a normal amount of oil. A quantitative determination of the oiliness of the skin in different localities can be made by this method. It has been found that the ingestion of boric acid in sufficient quantity so completely<i>prevents the secretion of oil, causing all the hair of the body to come out</i>[italics ours], that the camphor no longer becomes still if the rod is rubbed by the side of the nose and then touched to the water." This reference to the depilatory and antisebaceous actions of boric acid is not, however, supported by
Evaluating cost-effectiveness of diagnostic equipment: the brain scanner case.
Authors: J R Bartlett, G Neil-Dwyer, J M Banham, D G Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1978)

An approach to evaluating the cost-effectiveness of high-technology diagnostic equipment has been devised, using the introduction of computerised axial tomography (CAT) as a model. With the advent of CAT scanning, angiography and air encephalography have a reduced, though important, role in investigating intracranial disease, and the efficient use of conventional equipment requires the centralisation of neuroradiological services, which would result in major cash savings. In contrast, the pattern of demand for CAT scanning, in addition to the acknowledged clinical efficiency of the scanner and its unique role in the head-injured patient, ephasies the need for improved access to scanners. In the interest of the patients the pattern of service must change.
Chronic renal failure.
Authors: C. Ogg
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Every year about 7,000 people die in the United Kingdom from chronic renal failure.Many of these are elderly, but an appreciable number-perhaps 3,000-die in the prime of life.Chronic pyelonephritis is the commonest lesion found in the old and in the young patients, but glomerulonephritis is com- moner among adolescents and young adults, accounting for about two-thirds of the deaths in them.Polycystic disease of the kidneys, accelerated hypertension, calculous disease, anal- gesic nephropathy, diabetes, amyloidosis, and gout all occur in diminishing order of frequency.Once serious impairment of renal function has developed, the clinical picture is determined more by the renal failure than by the underlying disease and the patients all have simi- lar problems.The clinical presentation therefore is remarkably constant and most patients appear with anorexia, fatigue, dyspnoea, oedema, or severe hypertension.Some patients may have an unfavourable response to an incidental illness that brings the renal failure to light, while others develop renal failure during treatment of a progressive renal disease. Consequences of Chronic Renal FailureNormal renal function serves to control the body's content of fluid, electrolytes, and hydrogen ion and to excrete certain non-volatile metabolites.Both facets may determine the con- sequences of renal failure and patients may suffer as much from water and electrolyte imbalance as from nitrogen reten- tion.As a result there are many possible consequences of renal failure, the commonest of which are shown in the Table .Commonest Consequences of Renal Failure General .. Cardiovascular system . .
Hepatic artery resistance in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Agostino Colli, Massimo Cocciolo, Nicola Mumoli, Nadia Cattalini, Mirella Fraquelli, Dario Conte
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Patency and direction of flow in portal veins and their branches are generally assessed by duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DDUS), whereas few data are available on hepatic arterial hemodynamics. In this study, resistive (RI) and pulsatility indexes (PI) were calculated at DDUS in 21 controls, 22 chronic alcoholic patients without evidence of liver damage, 19 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH), 30 patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH), 23 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, and 22 patients with viral-related cirrhosis. Diagnosis was based on clinical and histological findings. Mean +/- SD RI was similar in controls and CVH patients (0.64 +/- 0. 02 and 0.66 +/- 0.04, respectively), significantly decreased in alcoholic patients without liver damage and AAH patients (0.61 +/- 0. 07 and 0.60 +/- 0.07) (P < .05), and significantly increased in patients with alcoholic (0.72 +/- 0.04) and viral-related cirrhosis (0.74 +/- 0.04) (P < .05). It was <0.60 in 9 of the 19 AAH patients (47%) and 11 of the 22 alcoholic patients without liver damage (50%), and >0.70 in 39 of the 45 cirrhotic patients (87%) and 12 of the 71 noncirrhotic patients pooled together (17%). A significant correlation was observed between RI and PI (r = .83; P < .05). The coefficients of variation for intraobserver variability were 6.3% +/- 5.1% for RI and 10.1% +/- 6.2% for PI, and the corresponding figures for interobserver variability were 5.2% +/- 3.5% and 9.3% +/- 4.6%. These findings support the existence of ethanol-related hepatic arterial vasodilation in AAH and alcoholic patients without liver damage. Progression of liver damage from AAH to cirrhosis profoundly impairs the hepatic responsiveness as a consequence of fibrosis with vascular distortion.
LOX-1 mediates oxidized LDL-induced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in human coronary artery endothelial cells
Authors: Davuan Li, Ling Liu, Hongjiang Chen, Tatsuya Sawamura, Francesco Romeo, Nelly Kazzaz, Jorge F. Saucedo, Jawahar L. Mehta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
STUDIES IN NAIL GROWTH
Authors: W. E. CLARK, L. H. DUDLEY BUXTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1938)

Journal Article STUDIES IN NAIL GROWTH Get access W. E. LE GROS CLARK, W. E. LE GROS CLARK Department of Human Anatomy, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. H. DUDLEY BUXTON L. H. DUDLEY BUXTON Department of Human Anatomy, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 50, Issue 5, 1 May 1938, Pages 221–235, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1938.tb10553.x Published: 01 May 1938
Lunatic Fringe Deficiency Cooperates with the Met/Caveolin Gene Amplicon to Induce Basal-like Breast Cancer
Authors: Keli Xu, Jerry Usary, Philaretos C. Kousis, Aleix Prat, Dong-Yu Wang, Jessica R. Adams, Wei Wang, Amanda J. Loch, Tao Deng, Wei Zhao, Robert Darrell Cardiff, Keejung Yoon, Nicholas Gaiano, Vicki Ling, Joseph Beyene, Eldad Zacksenhaus, Tom Gridley, Wey L. Leong, Cynthia J. Guidos, Charles M. Perou, Sean E. Egan
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Fate of two mast cell tryptases in V3 mastocytosis and normal BALB/c mice undergoing passive systemic anaphylaxis: prolonged retention of exocytosed mMCP-6 in connective tissues, and rapid accumulation of enzymatically active mMCP-7 in the blood.
Authors: N Ghildyal, D S Friend, R L Stevens, K F Austen, C Huang, J F Penrose, A Sali, M F Gurish
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The mouse mast cell protease granule tryptases designated mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 are encoded by highly homologous genes that reside on chromosome 17. Because these proteases are released when mast cells are activated, we sought a basis for distinctive functions by examining their fates in mice undergoing passive systemic anaphylaxis. 10 min-1 h after antigen (Ag) was administered to immunoglobulin (Ig)E-sensitized mice, numerous protease/proteoglycan macromolecular complexes appeared in the extracellular matrix adjacent to most tongue and heart mast cells of normal BALB/c mice and most spleen and liver mast cells of V3 mastocytosis mice. These complexes could be intensively stained by anti-mMCP-6 Ig but not by anti-mMCP-7 Ig. Shortly after Ag challenge of V3 mastocytosis mice, large amounts of properly folded, enzymatically active mMCP-7 were detected in the plasma. This plasma-localized tryptase was approximately 150 kD in its multimeric state and approximately 32 kD in its monomeric state, possessed an NH2 terminus identical to that of mature mMCP-7, and was not covalently bound to any protease inhibitor. Comparative protein modeling and electrostatic calculations disclosed that mMCP-6 contains a prominent Lys/Arg-rich domain on its surface, distant from the active site. The absence of this domain in mMCP-7 provides an explanation for its selective dissociation from the exocytosed macromolecular complex. The retention of exocytosed mMCP-6 in the extracellular matrix around activated tissue mast cells suggests a local action. In contrast, the rapid dissipation of mMCP-7 from granule cores and its inability to be inactivated by circulating protease inhibitors suggests that this tryptase cleaves proteins located at more distal sites.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Associations With Pathological Complete Response and Event-Free Survival in HER2-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer Treated With Lapatinib and Trastuzumab
Authors: Roberto Salgado, Carsten Denkert, Christine Campbell, Peter Savas, Paolo Nuciforo, Claudia Aura, Evandro de Azambuja, Holger Eidtmann, Catherine E. Ellis, José Baselga, Martine J. Piccart-Gebhart, Stefan Michiels, Ian Bradbury, Christos Sotiriou, Sherene Loi
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with improved outcomes in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer treated with adjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy. The prognostic associations in the neoadjuvant setting of other anti-HER2 agents and combinations are unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine associations between presence of TILs, pathological complete response (pCR), and event-free survival (EFS) end points in patients with early breast cancer treated with trastuzumab, lapatinib, or the combination. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The NeoALTTO trial (Neoadjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization) randomly assigned 455 women with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer between January 5, 2008, and May 27, 2010, to 1 of 3 neoadjuvant treatment arms: trastuzumab, lapatinib, or the combination for 6 weeks followed by the addition of weekly paclitaxel for 12 weeks, followed by 3 cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide after surgery. The primary end point used in this study was pCR in the breast and lymph nodes, with a secondary end point of EFS. We evaluated levels of percentage of TILs using hematoxylin-eosin–stained core biopsy sections taken at diagnosis (prior to treatment) in a prospectively defined retrospective analysis. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Levels of TILs were examined for their associations with efficacy end points adjusted for prognostic clinicopathological factors including<i>PIK3CA</i>genotype. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 455 patients, 387 (85.1%) tumor samples were used for the present analysis. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) level of TILs was 12.5% (5.0%-30.0%), with levels lower in hormone receptor–positive (10.0% [5.0%-22.5%]) vs hormone receptor–negative (12.5% [3.0%-35.0%]) samples (<i>P</i> = .02). For the pCR end point, levels of TILs greater than 5% were associated with higher pCR rates independent of treatment group (adjusted odds ratio, 2.60 [95% CI, 1.26-5.39];<i>P</i> = .01). With a median (IQR) follow-up time of 3.77 (3.50-4.22) years, every 1% increase in TILs was associated with a 3% decrease in the rate of an event (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.95-0.99];<i>P</i> = .002) across all treatment groups. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The presence of TILs at diagnosis is an independent, positive, prognostic marker in HER2-positive early breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant anti-HER2 agents and chemotherapy for both pCR and EFS end points. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00553358
The Estimation of enzyme activity in living epidermal cells*
Authors: W. SCHALLA, A. ZESCH, H. SCHAEFER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

A method is described which permits the direct measurement of the activity of individual cytoplasmic enzymes in vivo. Those demonstrated include the cytoplasmic enzymes lactatc dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, glutamate oxalacetate transaminase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase; whereas, the mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase were not measurable. The reactions observed in our experiments seem to be mediated by an active transport of hydrogen across the cell membrane. In an extension of this technique to human epidermis in situ, we have shown an increased level of the intracellular LDH activity in psoriatic lesions, and demonstrated a marked reduction following the systemic administration of a single dose of prednisolone or methotrexate. Our method should find application in the following fields: 1 The study of regulatory mechanisms within the cell. 2 The elucidation of the cellular pathology in diseases such as psoriasis. 3 Investigation of the effects of pharmacological agents at a cellular level.
MYC status in concert with BCL2 and BCL6 expression predicts outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Heike Horn, Marita Ziepert, Claudia Becher, Thomas F. E. Barth, Heinz-Wolfram Bernd, Alfred C. Feller, Wolfram Klapper, Michael Hummel, Harald Stein, Martin-Leo Hansmann, Christopher Schmelter, Peter Möller, Sergio Cogliatti, Michael Pfreundschuh, Norbert Schmitz, Lorenz Trümper, Reiner Siebert, Markus Loeffler, Andreas Rosenwald, German Ott
Journal: Blood (2013)
494 TIBOLONE IMPAIRS GLUCOSE AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM AND INDUCES OXIDATIVE STRESS IN LIVERS FROM FEMALE RATS
Authors: E.L. Ishii-Iwamoto, M.C. de Oliveira, E.R. Martins-Maciel, J.F. Comar, C.L. Salgueiro-Pagadigorria
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Enzyme alterations in leukemic cells
Authors: Nancy L. Dunn, Harold M. Maurer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract Recently, much attention has been focused on various enzyme alterations found in leukemic cells. Most of the data generated thus far has involved the study of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, the purine pathway enzymes, and hexosaminidase and other lysosomal enzymes. Differences in both total enzyme activities and isoenzyme patterns have been found to occur among the various leukemia types and subtypes. These changes may prove to be useful aids in diagnosing, classifying, detecting subclinical recurrent or residual disease, and as therapeutic determinants in hematopoietic neoplasia, especially in the lymphoid malignancies.