tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship between ambient air pollution and DNA damage in Polish mothers and newborns.
Authors: R M Whyatt, R M Santella, W Jedrychowski, S J Garte, D A Bell, R Ottman, A Gladek-Yarborough, G Cosma, T L Young, T B Cooper, M C Randall, D K Manchester, F P Perera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Industrialized regions in Poland are characterized by high ambient pollution, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal burning for industry and home heating. In experimental bioassays, certain PAHs are transplacental carcinogens and developmental toxicants. Biologic markers can facilitate evaluation of effects of environmental PAHs on the developing infant. We measured the amount of PAHs bound to DNA (PAH-DNA adducts) in maternal and umbilical white blood cells. The cohort consisted of 70 mothers and newborns from Krakow, Poland, an industrialized city with elevated air pollution. Modulation of adduct levels by genotypes previously linked to risk of lung cancer, specifically glutathione S-transferase MI (GSTM1) and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) Msp restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), was also investigated. There was a dose-related increase in maternal and newborn adduct levels with ambient pollution at the women's place of residence among subjects who were not employed away from home (p < or = 0.05). Maternal smoking (active and passive) significantly increased maternal (p < or = 0.01) but not newborn adduct levels. Neither CYP1A1 Msp nor GSTM1 polymorphisms was associated with maternal adducts. However, adducts were significantly higher in newborns heterozygous or homozygous for the CYP1A1 Msp RFLP compared to newborns without the RFLP (p = 0.04). Results indicate that PAH-induced DNA damage in mothers and newborns is increased by ambient air pollution. In the fetus, this damage appears to be enhanced by the CYP1A1 Mspl polymorphism.
Fibrinolytic Therapy of Coronary Thrombosis
Authors: H. A. Dewar, P. Stephenson, A. R. Horler, A. J. Cassells-Smith, P. A. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Fibrinolytic Therapy of Coronary Thrombosis Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Depletion of OX-8 lymphocytes from the blood and airways using monoclonal antibodies enhances the late airway response in rats.
Authors: R Olivenstein, P M Renzi, J P Yang, P Rossi, S Laberge, S Waserman, J G Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Recent evidence supports a role for T lymphocytes in allergic airway responses. We hypothesized that reducing blood T suppressor cells (Ts) might increase the late airway response (LR). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OA). On days 8, 10, and 12, post-sensitization test SD (n = 14) received monoclonal antibody intravenously (OX-8; 1 mg) specific to rat Ts. Controls received saline (n = 7) or mouse ascites IgG (n = 7). On day 14, animals were challenged with OA aerosol (5% wt/vol) for 5 min, lung resistance was recorded for 8 h (n = 18) and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. The LR was determined from the area under the lung resistance vs time curve from 75 to 480 min after challenge. In the remaining 10 rats, airway lymphocyte subsets were measured 8 h after OA aerosol challenge in minced and digested lungs. A decrease in percentage of blood and airway Ts, respectively, in test animals was observed vs controls (blood: 6.27 +/- 0.84 vs 32.95 +/- 1.94, P < 0.001); (airway: 5.05 +/- 0.66 vs 24.5 +/- 3.05, P < 0.02). Blood and airway helper T lymphocytes did not differ between test and control animals. The LR was significantly increased in test (22.89 +/- 3.92) vs controls (4.22 +/- 2.18, P < 0.001). Bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes, and serum OA-specific IgE were also significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in test animals. We conclude that Ts play an important role in attenuating the LR in SD rats.
Infectious Alopecia in a Child Day-Care Center
Authors: Miles S. Snowden
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Tinea capitis is a common cause of hair loss and seborrheic dermatitis in children. Recent reports have suggested an increase in the rate of recognition of tinea capitis, as well as a shift from the previously more common etiologic agent<i>Microsporum</i>sp to the now prominent<i>Trichophyton tonsurans</i>.<sup>1</sup>This change in causative agents is important in that<i>Microsporum</i>sp is transmitted primarily from animal to man with frequent spontaneous resolution in humans while<i>Trichophyton</i>is transmitted person to person and infection may follow a chronic course without appropriate therapy. In view of these considerations and the growing number of children in day-care centers, it should be expected that the association of tinea capitis and day-care attendance will merit more attention. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A Birmingham, Ala, child day-care center having an enrollment of 78 children aged 1 to 4 years reported that five children developed
Transcription factor Pax5 (BSAP) transactivates the RAG-mediated VH-to-DJH rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes
Authors: Zhixin Zhang, Celia R Espinoza, Zhihong Yu, Robert Stephan, Ti He, G Stuart Williams, Peter D Burrows, James Hagman, Ann J Feeney, Max D Cooper
Journal: Nature Immunology (2006)
11. An Additional Role of Cellular FKBP52 in Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 2 Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer and Transgene Expression
Authors: Weihong Zhao, Li Zhong, Jianqing Wu, Liyuan Chen, Keyun Qing, Kirsten A. Weigek-Kelley, Steven H. Larsen, Arun Srivastava
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We have reported that transduction efficiency of recombinant AAV vectors is impaired in a murine fibroblast cell line as well as in primary murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (J. Virol., 74: 992, 2000; Hum. Gene Ther., 15: 1207, 2004) because AAV fails to traffic efficiently into the nucleus. We have also reported that a cellular protein, FKBP52, phosphorylated at tyrosine or serine/threonine residues, inhibits viral second-strand DNA synthesis and limits transgene expression (J. Virol., 75: 8968, 2001), and that in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from transgenic mice overexpressing TC-PTP, a cellular protein tyrosine phosphatase, AAV transduction efficiency is significantly augmented (J. Virol., 77: 2741, 2003). A significant augmentation is also achieved following treatment of these cells with hydroxyurea (HU) (J. Virol., 75: 4080, 2001; Hum. Gene Ther., 15: 1207, 2004), because HU facilitates nuclear transport of AAV in these cells. In FKBP52-knockout (FKBP52-KO) mice, however, following HU-treatment, transduction efficiency in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells was significantly less pronounced than that from TC-PTP-TG mice (Hum. Gene Ther., 15: 1207-1218, 2004). To further explore whether FKBP52 plays an additional role(s) in AAV-mediated transduction, we established murine embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from wild-type (WT), FKBP52-heterozygous (HE), and FKBP52-KO (KO) mice. As expected, AAV-mediated transgene expression was low in WT MEFs, and was not significantly increased in HE or KO MEFs. The low transduction efficiency was not due to lack of expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycan and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, the cellular receptor and co-receptor, respectively, for AAV. Southern blot analyses further confirmed that AAV could efficiently enter MEFs from each of three genotypes. However, whereas HU-treatment increased AAV transduction efficiency in WT MEFs |[sim]|25-fold, the transduction efficiency in KO MEFs was increased only |[sim]|4 fold. The use of self-complementary AAV (scAAV) vectors, which bypass the requirement of viral second-strand DNA synthesis, revealed that HU-treatment increased transduction efficiency |[sim]|23 fold in WT MEFs, but only |[sim]|4 fold in KO MEFs. Thus, the differential transduction efficiency following HU- treatment was independent of viral second-strand DNA synthesis. When KO MEFs were stably transfected with an FKBP52 expression plasmid, HU-treatment significantly increased transduction efficiency of scAAV vectors compared with mock-transfected KO cells. Taken together, these studies suggest that in addition to inhibiting viral second-strand DNA synthesis, FKBP52, being a cellular chaperone protein, may facilitate intracellular trafficking of AAV, which has implications in the optimal use of recombinant AAV vectors in human gene therapy.
Ethnic differences in serum lipoproteins and their determinants in South African women
Authors: Julia H. Goedecke, Kristina Utzschneider, Mirjam V. Faulenbach, Manfredi Rizzo, Kaspar Berneis, Giatgen A. Spinas, Joel A. Dave, Naomi S. Levitt, Estelle V. Lambert, Tommy Olsson, Steven E. Kahn
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Mefenamic acid in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: A B Myles, P A Bacon, K A Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1967)

During the past 3 years we have been studying the new anti-inflammatory drug mefenamic acid (N- (2,3-xylyl) anthranilic acid) in the treatment of painful musculo-skeletal conditions.Cahill, Hill, Jessop, and Kendall (1965) showed that it was effective in the treatment of osteo-arthritis.The object of this study was to determine whether mefenamic acid was of value in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.We made a preliminary assessment of mefenamic acid in comparison with indomethacin, a drug which has been well docu- mented (Hart and Boardman, 1965; Smyth, 1965; Pitkeathly, Banerjee, Harris, and Sharp, 1966) and then compared mefenamic acid with placebo in a double-blind controlled trial. Preliminary AssessmentThe patients (Table I), who had classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis according to the 1958 A.R. A. criteria (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and
Studies on the partition of iron in bone marrow cells
Authors: Joseph V. Primosigh, E. Donnall Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Canine marrow cells were incubated with transferrin-bound (59)Fe, and the partition of cellular iron was studied by chromatographic and gel filtration methods. Splitting-off of iron from the stromal fraction was avoided by lysing the cells in Tris HCl buffer at pH 8.6. Cellular iron was divided into four major compartments: stroma, microsomes, main hemoglobin, and fraction I. The iron in fraction I was found in ferritin, heme proteins, and low molecular weight iron. With incubation times of 3-10 min, (59)Fe appeared promptly in the main hemoglobin. The entry of (59)Fe into ferritin paralleled that of hemoglobin but was smaller in amount. When the marrow cells were incubated with (59)Fe for 15-20 min and reincubated without radioactive iron, movement of (59)Fe into main hemoglobin was observed, and essentially all this iron came from the particulate fraction (stroma, mitochondria, and microsomes). In these chase experiments there was no change in the total quantity of (59)Fe in ferritin. There was no evidence of a significant hemoglobin precursor other than low molecular weight iron. DEPENDING UPON CONCENTRATION, LEAD WAS OBSERVED TO INHIBIT CELLULAR IRON METABOLISM AT SEVERAL POINTS: uptake of iron by the cell, movement of iron from stroma to the soluble intracellular compartment, and synthesis of hemoglobin. The most pronounced inhibitory effect of lead was always on hemoglobin synthesis with an increase in ferritin: hemoglobin ratio. Bipyridine appeared to trap intracellular ferrous iron and to inhibit synthesis of both hemoglobin and ferritin. It was concluded that iron moves from the stroma into the soluble intracellular compartment as low molecular weight iron, probably as a complex of ferrous iron with low molecular weight components of the cytoplasm, that serves as the source of iron for both hemoglobin and ferritin synthesis.
Plasma Renin Activity and Angiotensin Pressor Dose in Hypertension: Correlation and Diagnostic Implications
Authors: P. Weidmann, P. Endres, W. Siegenthaler
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Data obtained from 65 hypertensive patients showed a clear-cut positive correlation between peripheral plasma renin activity and the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin II (r =+0.75). For the various causes of hypertension, the mean values of plasma renin concentration were found to correspond closely to the mean values of the angiotensin pressor dose. In individual cases, however, the pressor dose of angiotensin was not found to be a reliable gauge of peripheral venous renin activity.It was impossible to establish a causal diagnosis from the results of the angiotensin infusion test or the renin level in peripheral blood under normal conditions. If, however, determinations are carried out on the renal venous effluent with sodium restriction and with the patient in the upright position the renin level is very valuable both in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension and in predicting the probable outcome of surgical treatment.
Severe Injuries to the Limbs: Staged Treatment
Authors: David L. Helfet
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Notes on the Use of Pilocarpin in Dermatology
Authors: R. M. Simon
Journal: BMJ (1892)

and (2) that extirpation of the Gasserian ganglion through the base of the skull, though admittedly a diffieult undertaking, need not endanger life, and at present holds out the best prospect in dealing with the intractable forms of trigeminal tic.[During th4-lecture, which was illustrated by diagrams and microscopical specimens, Mr. Rose demonstrated the different stages of the operation on the cadaver.]
Oral contraceptive use and the clinical course of Crohn’s disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: J Cosnes, F Carbonnel, F Carrat, L Beaugerie, J-P Gendre
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND Women with Crohn’s disease are usually advised not to take oral contraceptives, but, unlike smoking, there is no clear association between current oral contraceptive use and more severe disease. AIM To assess the effect of oral contraceptive use on the clinical course of Crohn’s disease. PATIENTS 331 women, aged 16–50 years, with Crohn’s disease and Crohn’s disease activity index &lt;200, were enrolled consecutively during a one year period. Patients were classified at inclusion as oral contraceptive users or non-users and smokers or non-smokers. METHODS A prospective 12–18 month cohort study was used. The main outcome measures were flare up rate and time to flare up. RESULTS In total, 134 women used oral contraceptives, in most cases low oestrogen formulations. During the study period, 61 oral contraceptive users (46%) developed a flare up, compared with 85 non-users (43%). The hazard ratio for oral contraceptive use was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.80 to 1.55). Variables associated with flare up were smoking status, recently active disease, baseline Crohn’s disease activity index, and presence of anoperineal lesions. The same results were obtained when the analysis was restricted to patients eligible for a relapse prevention trial. CONCLUSION Unlike smoking, oral contraceptives have no effect on Crohn’s disease activity.
Differentiation-linked secretion of urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator by normal human hemopoietic cells.
Authors: E L Wilson, G E Francis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Previous studies have shown that the response of patients with acute myeloid leukemia to induction chemotherapy can be predicted by the species of plasminogen activator that their cells secrete. Patients whose cells secreted tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) only failed to respond to combination chemotherapy. Individuals whose leukemic cells display features of the early progenitor phenotype also respond poorly to therapy. This suggested that the two species of plasminogen activator secreted by leukemic cells might be produced by normal cells at distinct stages of differentiation. These results indicate that the secretion of the two enzyme types is a differentiation-linked property of normal cells with tPA being produced by granulocyte/macrophage progenitors and urokinase by more differentiated cells and by mature neutrophils and macrophages.
Pneumonia Among Africans in Uganda
Authors: H. M. Leather
Journal: Thorax (1958)

Pneumonia is common among East African natives and in the past has been a frequent cause of death.Trowell (1932) recorded a mortality rate of 25 % among 194 cases studied, while Davies (1947) found 472 deaths from pneumonia in 2,994 necropsies.The object of the present study has been to determine as far as possible the aetiology and clinical course of this illness.Kampala, where this study was made, is situated a few miles from the northern shore of Lake Victoria at an altitude of 3,800 ft.(1,160 m.).The mean temperature is 710 F. (220 C.) and the thermometer rarely drops below 66°F.(19°C.)or rises above 820 F. (280 C.).The humidity is high, reaching 100% during most nights in the year and rarely dropping below 50% during the day-time.Being only 20 miles from the Equator, Kampala has little seasonal change.Coryza and pneumonia are prevalent throughout the year.Chronic bronchitis is rare, and acute bronchitis, when seen, is often part of the clinical picture of typhoid or typhus. MATERIALBetween September, 1955, and May 31, 1956, all patients admitted on certain routine admission days to one of the medical units at Mulago Hos- pital with a diagnosis of pneumonia were studied.Shortage of beds did not permit the inclusion of patients admitted with pneumonia on all admission days, but the method adopted ensured that the patients were unselected.On these study days 68 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia, of whom 16 were found on examina- tion to be suffering from conditions other than pneumonia.These included other acute chest diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, and typhoid and typhus fevers.In the remaining cases the diag- nosis of pneumonia was confirmed, and it is these 52 patients who were specially studied.There were 44 men and eight women.Ages ranged from 10 to 65 years.Age and sex distribution is shown in Table I.
Nail changes in epidermolysis bullosa: clinical and pathogenetic considerations
Authors: L. BRUCKNER-TUDERMAN, U.W. SCHNYDER, R. BARAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Nail changes in epidermolysis bullosa (EB) are common, but although they are highly suggestive of the disease, they are not pathognomonic. They are the result of abnormalities of the nail matrix and nail bed, associated with the pathogenetic alterations of the dermo‐epidermal junction which occur in EB. In addition, secondary trauma in the areas of epidermal‐dermal separation, and chronic inflammation of the nail matrix, are probable contributory factors, even in non‐scarring forms of EB. Recent developments in the molecular and cell biology of the cutaneous basement membrane zone have greatly advanced our understanding of the pathomechanisms underlying different subtypes of EB. Defects in genes coding for the structural proteins of the basement membrane zone have been defined in some EB subtypes, and abnormal expression of structural proteins in others. The data accumulated from study of these genetic disorders will contribute to knowledge of the role of the dermo‐epidermal junction in the normal physiology and differentiation of the nails, and be of value n discerning the aetiopathogenesis of acquired nail diseases.
Abstract 308: Differential roles of AP2 in p38 MAPK- and ligand-induced EGFR internalization
Authors: Michael V. Grandal, Mette H. Andersen, Mikkel Holst, Lene M. Grøvdal, Bo van Deurs
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important regulator of normal growth and differentiation, and it is involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers. Endocytic downregulation is central in terminating EGFR signalling after ligand stimulation, and this downregulation is fairly well known. Recently, it has been shown that also p38 MAPK activation can stimulate EGFR endocytosis. This endocytosis differs from the ligand-induced internalization by lacking many of the hallmarks normally necessary for endocytosis of EGFR. We compared the two kinds of endocytosis with regard to the requirements for proteins in the internalization machinery. Both kinds of endocytosis require clathrin heavy chain, but whereas EGF-induced EGFR internalization required Grb2, p38 MAPK-induced internalization did not. Interestingly, AP2 knock down blocked p38 MAPK-induced EGFR internalization, but only mildly affected EGF-induced internalization. The involvement of AP2 in EGFR endocytosis was verified with at Eps15 mutant that sequesters AP2 in the cytosol and abolishes AP2 function. The functional difference of AP2 in the two kinds of EGFR internalization is currently investigated. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 308.
Guidelines are set for persistent vegetative state
Authors: C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The official solicitor, Peter Harris, has issued guidance for health authorities and NHS trusts in Britain, reminding them to seek the High Court's approval before withdrawing artificial feeding and hydration from patients in a persistent vegetative state. His practice note, issued last week, follows the second case in which the court has sanctioned the withdrawal of feeding for patients in the persistent vegetative state. The celebrated case of Tony Bland, the survivor of the Hillsborough football stadium disaster, went to the House of Lords last year and established that such patients need not be kept alive indefinitely. In …
1203 Treatment of interferon-naive patients with HCV genotype 5 with interferon (or PEG-interferon) plus ribavirin results in a very high sustained virological response
Authors: C BONNY, C ROCHE, K RANDL, S UGHETTO, C HENQUELL, N MARTINEAU, H FONTAINE, S POL, H LAFEUILLE, G BOMMELAER
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
THE INACCURACY OF DOPPLER ECHO ESTIMATES OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL PRESSURES IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM A LARGE MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: Cihangir Kaymaz, Serdar Kucukoglu, Serdar Kula, Dursun Alehan, Gul Sagin Saylam, Atif Akcevin, Alpay Celiker, Sertac Cicek, Nazmi Narin, Lale Tokgozoglu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)