tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Upper Limit of Vulnerability and Defibrillation Probability of Success Curves Using a Nonthoracotomy Lead System
Authors: Joseph J. Souza, Robert A. Malkin, Raymond E. Ideker
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background An upper limit to the strength of shocks that induce fibrillation during the vulnerable period, the upper limit of vulnerability (ULV), has been shown to exist in both humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to compare ULV and defibrillation (DF) probability of success curves for a clinically useful nonthoracotomy lead system. Methods and Results Sixteen pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs were studied. Single-capacitor biphasic waveforms with both phases 5.5 ms in duration were used for ULV and DF testing. A right ventricular catheter electrode served as first-phase cathode and a superior vena cava catheter electrode coupled with a cutaneous R2 patch electrode served as common first-phase anodes. A pacing catheter was placed in the right ventricle to deliver a train of 15 S 1 stimuli at a pacing interval of 250 to 300 ms. A ULV shock was delivered on the peak of the T wave as measured from the surface ECG; if ventricular fibrillation was induced, a DF shock was delivered after 10 seconds of fibrillation. Shock voltages were determined by an up-down protocol. Ventricular fibrillation was induced an average of 53 times in each animal. The composite data indicate that below V97, that is, the voltage that leaves the animal in normal sinus rhythm 97% of the time when delivered on the peak of the T wave or the voltage that defibrillates 97% of the time, ULV is lower than DF. ULV and DF became significantly correlated at V80 and maximally correlated at V97. Even at V97, however, ULV and DF differed by more than 100 V in 2 of the 16 animals. Conclusions ULV approximately equaled DF at V97. This is fortunate because it is clinically important to set the device voltage at the uppermost portion of the probability of success curve. Estimating DF V97 from ULV V97 would reduce the number of fibrillation inductions needed to establish defibrillation shock strength requirements. However, the large difference between ULV V97 and DF in a few animals indicates that further improvement and testing of algorithms for determining ULV V97 must be developed before the technique is used clinically.
GENETIC, BUT NOT CONVENTIONAL RISK FACTORS PREDICT RISK OF STROKE OR TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK IN LONE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Edwin T. Zishiri, Peter Hanna, Michael Tchou, Diana Bauer, Robert C. Wirka, John Barnard, Jonathan Smith, David Van Wagoner, Mina K. Chung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
First UK prosecution for female genital mutilation raises concerns among doctors
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> While forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>) is a hallmark of disease progression in chronic obstructive lung diseases, little is known about the relationship between baseline FEV<sub>1</sub> and future risks of other medical conditions. <h3>Objective</h3> The aim of this study was to investigate the association between baseline FEV<sub>1</sub> and future risks of diabetes, asthma, myocardial infarction, hypertension and all-cause mortality. <h3>Methods</h3> We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and its Epidemiological Follow-Up Study. Our data provided longitudinal follow-up of the original cohort for up to 12 years. We used two competing risks approaches, the cause-specific hazard model and the Fine–Gray sub-distribution hazard model, to measure the associations between baseline FEV<sub>1</sub> and future risks of the outcomes of interest. All models were adjusted for major confounding factors. <h3>Results</h3> The final sample included 3020 participants (mean±sd baseline age 44.64±13.44 years). In the cause-specific hazard model, for every per cent increase in the baseline per cent predicted FEV<sub>1</sub>, the hazard of the event reduced by 2.5% (HR 0.975; 95% CI 0.958–0.994) for diabetes, 4.3% (HR 0.957; 95% CI 0.932–0.983) for asthma and 1.8% (HR 0.982; 95% CI 0.971–0.992) for all-cause mortality. There was no statistically significant association between baseline per cent predicted FEV<sub>1</sub> and future risks of myocardial infarction (HR 0.987; 95% CI 0.970–1.004) and hypertension (HR 0.998; 95% CI 0.992–1.005). Consistent results were observed for the Fine–Gray sub-distribution hazard model. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data suggest that lower per cent predicted FEV<sub>1</sub> values at baseline were significantly associated with higher future risks of diabetes, asthma and all-cause mortality.
Leukotriene C<sub>4</sub>and D<sub>4</sub>in Neonates with Hypoxemia and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kurt R. Stenmark, Simon L. James, Norbert F. Voelkel, Warren H. Toews, John T. Reeves, Robert C. Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is a syndrome consisting of severe hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension that appears within hours of birth. Since certain leukotrienes (C4, D4, and E4) are known to produce some of the features of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, including pulmonary vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, decreased lung compliance, and pulmonary edema, we studied five newborns with the syndrome to determine whether these leukotrienes were present in their airways. We found leukotriene C4 and leukotriene D4 in the lung lavage fluids of all five newborns who had the clinical diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension and who required ventilatory assistance. In contrast, leukotrienes were not demonstrated in a control group of 14 infants requiring ventilatory assistance who did not have the clinical diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension. We conclude that leukotrienes may have a role in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. (N Engl J Med 1983; 309:77–80.)
Cardiac Potentials on Body Surface of Infants with Anomalous Left Coronary Artery (Myocardial Infarction)
Authors: JOHN T. FLAHERTY, MADISON S. SPACH, JOHN P. BOINEAU, RAMON V. CANENT, ROGER C. BARR, DAVID C. SABISTON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The body surface potential distribution in two infants with myocardial infarction secondary to anomalous origin of the left coronary from the pulmonary artery demonstrated: (1) the persistence of a minimum in the area overlying the infarct during inscription of the prominent Q wave in V 6 , and, (2) the presence of a terminal maximum in an adjacent area overlying the infarct. The terminal maximum was considered to represent peri-infarction "block" resulting from persistence of wave fronts in the ischemic muscle surrounding the infarct as suggested by the studies of Durrer and associates. Postoperatively, there was persistence of the initial minima overlying the area of the infarct. Finally, there was disappearance or marked diminution in the terminal maximum overlying the area of the infarct following surgical enhancement of myocardial blood supply.
Thrombocytopenic Purpura Following lopanoic Acid Ingestion
Authors: Judith K. Hysell
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A 48-year-old woman had severe symptomatic thrombocytopenia three times in 13 months. Each episode followed ingestion of iopanoic acid. The interval between drug ingestion and onset of symptoms was 40, 12, and 8 hours. Resolution to normal platelet counts occurred in 6, 5, and 8 days. The third thrombocytopenic crisis occurred while the patient was receiving maintenance steroid therapy, given because the initial diagnosis was idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Incubation of platelet-rich plasma with the patient's serum caused platelet lysis if either the patient or the donor serum obtained after ingestion of iopanoic acid was present in the mixture. (<i>JAMA</i>237:361-362, 1977)
Abstract 5484: Dehydroleucodine: A potential sesquiterpene lactone for targeting castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Souresh Banerjee, Gnanasekar Munirathinam
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing standard androgen deprivation therapy eventually develop aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) for which there is no effective treatment currently available. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify effective treatment strategy for lethal CRPC. Previous studies have shown naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are promising anti-cancer agents and few SLs are under clinical trials for cancer treatment. Evaluation of additional SLs may prove to be valuable as an adjunct or stand alone treatment especially for CRPC. Dehydroleucodine (DhL), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Artemisia douglasiana has several pharmacological benefits such as anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and anti-oxidant effects. However, the anti-cancer effects of DhL are not well known. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of DhL against castration-sensitive (LNCaP) and CRPC (PC-3) cells in a pre-clinical study. Our cell viability assay results showed that DhL had pronounced inhibition on PC-3 cell proliferation compared to that of LNCaP cells. Therefore, our subsequent studies focussed on elucidating the effects and mechanism of action of DhL using PC-3 CRPC cells. Our investigations showed that in addition to inhibiting the cell proliferation of PC-3 cells, DhL also abrogated the clonogenic potential of PC-3 cells by activating apoptotic markers such as caspase-3 and PARP-1 and cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 respectively. Furthermore, our mechanistic study has identified DhL downregulates the expression of NF-kB (p65) in PC-3 cells which may be contributing to the anti-cancer effects of DhL in these cells. Interestingly, our studies also showed that DhL inhibited the osteoclastogenesis mediated by PC-3 in vitro as determined by tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay suggesting that DhL may be beneficial in preventing the bone destruction caused by metastatic CRPC. Taken together, our study warrants further investigation of DhL as a promising natural agent for effective treatment and management of CRPC. Citation Format: Souresh Banerjee, Gnanasekar Munirathinam. Dehydroleucodine: A potential sesquiterpene lactone for targeting castration-resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5484. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5484
The Paramecium as an Indicator of Pathologic Tissue Changes
Authors: Leonard K. Hirshberg
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial on the work of Underhill and Woodruff (The Journal, Nov. 8, 1913, p. 1720), is justified in every way. At the suggestion of Herbert Spencer Jennings of Johns Hopkins and under his guidance, about a year ago I began an investigation of the sudden development of epidemics among paramecia. Every now and again a race of<i>Paramecium caudatem</i>or<i>Paramecium aurelia</i>will lose its normal powers of multiplication. A division-rate of eight or sixteen a day may suddenly cease, and the race of paramecium may become almost sterile for a day or two and then be annihilated. We have found many of these differences in division-rate and destruction to be due to specific bacterial troubles, such as the overgrowth of zooglea masses of putrefying organisms of the<i>B. proteus</i>group, the<i>B. turgidus</i>and the like. Of course, the many racial and environmental accidents that
TCT-268 Incidence and predictors of tissue prolapse after percutaneous coronary intervention for saphenous vein graft disease: Intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Young Joon Hong, Myung Ho Jeong, Yun Ha Choi, Soo Young Park, Hae Chang Jeong, Jae Yeong Cho, Sang Cheol Cho, Jong Hyun Yoo, Su Young Jang, Ji Eun Song, Doo Sun Sim, Keun Ho Park, Ju Han Kim, Youngkeun Ahn, Jeong Gwan Cho, Jong Chun Park, Jung Chaee Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
US breast cancer study suggests risks from chemicals
Authors: F B Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A study by the New York State department of health suggests that post- menopausal women who lived near a chemical plant on Long Island between 1965 and 1985 were at increased risk of breast cancer. The study found that the risk for women living within one square kilometer of a chemical plant during that time was 60% greater than for women who lived elsewhere. This calculation took into account other known risk factors for the disease.

Breast cancer support groups on Long Island have campaigned for years for research into environmental causes of the disease. The rate of breast cancer among women is 112 …
Induction of atrial tachycardia and fibrillation in the mouse heart
Authors: H Wakimoto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Background: Atrial tachycardia and fibrillation in humans may be partly consequent to vagal stimulation. Induction of fibrillation in the small heart is considered to be impossible due to lack of a critical mass of >100–200 mm2. Even with the recent progression of the technology of in vivo and in vitro mouse electrophysiological studies, few reports describe atrial tachycardia or fibrillation in mice. The purpose of this study was to attempt provocation of atrial tachyarrhythmia in mice using transvenous pacing following cholinergic stimulation. Methods and results: In vivo electrophysiology studies were performed in 14 normal mice. A six-lead ECG was recorded from surface limb leads, and an octapolar electrode catheter was inserted via jugular vein cutdown approach for simultaneous atrial and ventricular endocardial recording and pacing. Atrial tachycardia and fibrillation were inducible in one mouse at baseline electrophysiology study and eleven of fourteen mice after carbamyl choline injection. The mean duration of atrial tachycardia was 126±384 s. The longest episode lasted 35 min and only terminated after atropine injection. Reinduction of atrial tachycardia after administration of atropine was not possible. Conclusion: Despite the small mass of the normal mouse atria, sustained atrial tachycardia and fibrillation can be easily and reproducibly inducible with endocardial pacing after cholinergic agonist administration. This finding may contribute to our understanding of the classical theories of arrhythmogenesis and critical substrates necessary for sustaining microreentrant circuits. The techniques of transcatheter parasympathetic agonist-mediated atrial tachycardia induction may be valuable in further murine electrophysiological studies, especially mutant models with potential atrial arrhythmia phenotypes.
The Asn505 mutation of the c-MPL gene, which causes familial essential thrombocythemia, induces autonomous homodimerization of the c-Mpl protein due to strong amino acid polarity
Authors: Jianmin Ding, Hirokazu Komatsu, Shinsuke Iida, Hiroki Yano, Shigeru Kusumoto, Atsushi Inagaki, Fumiko Mori, Masaki Ri, Asahi Ito, Atsushi Wakita, Takashi Ishida, Masakazu Nitta, Ryuzo Ueda
Journal: Blood (2009)
Excess mortality associated with alcohol consumption.
Authors: P. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To estimate the excess mortality due to alcohol in England and Wales death rates specific to alcohol consumption that had been derived from five longitudinal studies were applied to the current population divided into categories of alcohol consumption. Because of the J shaped relation between alcohol consumption and death the excess mortality used as a baseline was an alcohol consumption of 1-10 units/week and an adjustment was made for the slight excess mortality of abstainers. The number of excess deaths was obtained by subtracting the number of deaths expected if all the population had the consumption of the lowest risk group; correction for the total observed mortality in the population was made. This resulted in an estimate of 28,000 deaths each year in England and Wales as the excess mortality among people aged 15-74 associated with alcohol consumption.
Prognostic Value of Pharmacological Stress Echocardiography in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients With Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Lauro Cortigiani, Riccardo Bigi, Rosa Sicari, Patrizia Landi, Francesco Bovenzi, Eugenio Picano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Thrombotic Obliteration of the Branches of the Aortic Arch
Authors: ROBERT B. KALMANSOHN, RICHARD W. KALMANSOHN
Journal: Circulation (1957)

This report presents the sixth case of thrombotic obliteration of the branches of the aortic arch to be documented in this country. The world's literature on this subject is reviewed and analyzed from the standpoints of clinical characteristics, etiology, and pathology.
Exome sequencing identifies recurrent SPOP, FOXA1 and MED12 mutations in prostate cancer
Authors: Christopher E Barbieri, Sylvan C Baca, Michael S Lawrence, Francesca Demichelis, Mirjam Blattner, Jean-Philippe Theurillat, Thomas A White, Petar Stojanov, Eliezer Van Allen, Nicolas Stransky, Elizabeth Nickerson, Sung-Suk Chae, Gunther Boysen, Daniel Auclair, Robert C Onofrio, Kyung Park, Naoki Kitabayashi, Theresa Y MacDonald, Karen Sheikh, Terry Vuong, Candace Guiducci, Kristian Cibulskis, Andrey Sivachenko, Scott L Carter, Gordon Saksena, Douglas Voet, Wasay M Hussain, Alex H Ramos, Wendy Winckler, Michelle C Redman, Kristin Ardlie, Ashutosh K Tewari, Juan Miguel Mosquera, Niels Rupp, Peter J Wild, Holger Moch, Colm Morrissey, Peter S Nelson, Philip W Kantoff, Stacey B Gabriel, Todd R Golub, Matthew Meyerson, Eric S Lander, Gad Getz, Mark A Rubin, Levi A Garraway
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Insulin resistance in uremia. Characterization of lipid metabolism in freshly isolated and primary cultures of hepatocytes from chronic uremic rats.
Authors: J F Caro, S Lanza-Jacoby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We have studied the mechanism(s) of hyperlipidemia and liver insulin sensitivity in a rat model of severe chronic uremia (U). Basal lipid synthesis was decreased in freshly isolated hepatocytes from U when compared with sham-operated ad lib.-fed controls (alfC). Basal lipid synthesis in pair-fed controls (pfC) was in between U and alfC. Similarly, the activity of liver acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, citrate cleavage enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was diminished in U. Muscle and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase was also decreased. Insulin stimulated lipid synthesis in freshly isolated hepatocytes from alfC. Hepatocytes from U and pfC were resistant to this effect of insulin. To ascertain if the insulin resistance in U was due to starvation (chow intake 50% of alfC) or to uremia itself, the U and pfC were intragastrically fed an isocaloric diet via a Holter pump the last week of the experimental period. Hepatocytes from orally fed U and pfC were also cultured for 24 h in serum-free medium. While freshly isolated and cultured U hepatocytes remained insulin resistant, those from pfC normalized, in vivo and in vitro, when they were provided with enough nutrients. Conclusions: (a) Hyperlipidemia in uremia is not due to increased synthesis, but to defect(s) in clearance. (b) Insulin does not stimulate lipid synthesis in uremia. This finding, along with our recent demonstration that insulin binding and internalization are not decreased in the uremic liver, suggests that a post-binding defect(s) in the liver plays an important role in the mechanism(s) of insulin resistance in uremia. (c) Cultured hepatocytes from uremic rats remain insulin resistant. This quality renders these cells useful in studying the postinsulin binding events responsible for the insulin-resistant state in the absence of complicating hormonal and substrate changes that occur in vivo.
Combined delivery of heme oxygenase-1 gene and fibroblast growth factor-2 protein for therapeutic angiogenesis
Authors: Suk H. Bhang, Ju H. Kim, Hee S. Yang, Wan-Geun La, Tae-Jin Lee, Ah-Young Sun, Ga H. Kim, Minhyung Lee, Byung-Soo Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Kingston Fund and the Law
Authors: F. B. Lake
Journal: BMJ (1951)

I believe that a general practitioner is a specialist in minor ailments, who should know his limitations.He should be praised for detecting the patients needing specialist and hospital care.In fact he should be praised for " signpost- ing" and not subjected to the abuse so evident in your correspondence columns.Personally, I would rather refer patients to hospital than treat the wrong condition at home.-I am, etc., London, W.ll.
Still's disease associated with adenovirus infection and defect in adenovirus directed natural killing.
Authors: A S Luder, V Naphtali, E Ben Porat, N Lahat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Low natural killer (NK) activity towards adenovirus infected fibroblasts was detected in the peripheral blood of a child with Still9s disease and was not normalised by the addition of interferon alfa or interleukin 2. NK cytotoxicity directed at K 562 target cells or polio infected fibroblasts was normal. This specific NK deficiency might have contributed to the development of the child9s Still9s disease.
In Search of Panacea: Successes and Failures of Yellapragada Subba-Row
Authors: Nathaniel Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This is the biography of and in many ways a tribute to an Indian physician, Yellapragada Subba-Row, who came to the United States after finishing his medical education in India to begin a research career in the Harvard Department of Biochemistry. After a long and difficult period of study, training, and research at Harvard, he accepted a position as director of laboratories at the Lederle Laboratories in Pearl River, NY. This book as well as Subba-Row's life can be divided into three parts: his early life and medical school in India, the period at Harvard, and his work at Lederle. The author, Indian journalist S. P. K. Gupta, together with his collaborator, Dr Edgar L. Milford, director of archives at Lederle Laboratories, interviewed members of the family and a large number of associates and contemporaries of SubbaRow, which, together with the Lederle archives, has made possible a detailed account of
FURTHER STUDIES ON STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTIONS.
Authors: GUSTAV F. RUEDIGER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

About two years ago Dr. Weaver and I<sup>1</sup>showed that the blood serum from patients with scarlet fever has no streptococcidal power during life in any stage of the disease. Through the researches of Lemoine, Slawyk, Hektoen and others we know that streptococci occasionally are found circulating in the blood of these patients and that the patients in whose blood cocci are found often make an uneventful recovery. Jochmann,<sup>2</sup>however, is of the opinion that the prognosis is very bad when streptococci are found in the blood. What is true of scarlet fever may equally well be said of tonsillitis. Here, too, streptococci may invade the blood stream, but, in spite of this fact, the patient may make a rapid and satisfactory recovery.<sup>3</sup> In erysipelas and in many wound and puerperal infections the tissues are invaded by virulent streptococci, but in a great majority of these cases