tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disappearance of gastrin and pentagastrin in the portal circulation
Authors: J. M. Temperley, B. H. Stagg, J. H. Wyllie
Journal: Gut (1971)

Experiments on dogs and rats showed that synthetic human gastrin I was inactivated in the small bowel but not in the liver, whereas pentagastrin was rapidly inactivated by the liver. Similar results were obtained with tissue homogenates. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the probably increased incidence of peptic ulceration following extensive small-bowel resection in man.
Macrophage-mediated Bystander Effect Triggered by Tumor Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Yinghui Huang, Casey Lee, Per Borgström, Ruth A Gjerset
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Restoration of apoptosis is an important therapeutic strategy for cancer, but bystander effects may be crucial to treatment success. We examined the involvement of bystander effects in the outcome of pro-apoptotic treatments and investigated the role of macrophages. Using a murine N202 breast cancer chamber model and intravital microscopy, we observed bystander apoptosis in vivo in mixed spheroids consisting of bystander N202 cells plus modified N202 cells overexpressing the p14ARF N-terminal region, which promotes p53-mediated apoptosis. The effect was not observed in cocultures in vitro, and could not be transferred through conditioned medium from modified N202 cells. However, if macrophages were also included in the N202 co-cultures, bystander apoptosis was restored, and correlated with elevated surface expression of phosphatidyl serine, a macrophage recognition molecule, on the modified N202 cells. Bystander killing was not observed in cocultures of N202 cells plus macrophages plus cisplatin-treated or 5-fluorouracil-treated N202 cells, where apoptosis induction in the target cell population was inefficient, suggesting that specific activation of macrophages by apoptotic tumor cells was required. The results suggest that pro-apoptotic therapies benefit both from the intrinsic vulnerability of cancer cells to apoptosis and from an innate immune response that amplifies the therapeutic effect.
Isolated Cranial Mononeuropathy: An Unusual Initial Presentation and Disease Progression of Metastatic Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Ming Y. Lim, Sindu Chandramouleeswaran, Timothy M. Zagar, Debra Budwit, Carey K. Anders
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Case ReportA previously healthy 46-year-old woman presented in April 2010 with a 1-month history of right facial paresthesia with pain over the maxillary region.She began receiving carbamazepine for presumed trigeminal neuralgia and experienced some improvement of symptoms.Her neurologic symptoms persisted and she underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan that revealed a 2.2 ϫ 1.3 cm mass within Meckel's cave that extended along V2 and V3 branches of the trigeminal nerve; this was concerning for perineural spread of tumor from a nasopharyngeal or salivary gland tumor.A sinonasal endoscopy was performed and was essentially normal.Additional imaging with a dedicated cranial nerve brain MRI demonstrated the previously identified mass in Meckel's cave with extension of abnormal enhancement and thickening involving the cisternal portion of the trigeminal nerve and along V2 and V3 (Figs 1A and 1B, arrows).Multiple lytic lesions at the posterior vertex of the skull, the clivus, the right lateral aspect of C1, the dens, and the body of C2 were also identified.A positron emission tomography with concurrent computed tomography (PET/CT) revealed a 3.5 ϫ 2.1 cm intensely 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) -avid left medial breast mass, and two moderately FDG-avid masses measuring 2.7 ϫ 2.0 cm and 1.2 ϫ 0.9 cm, in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast.There were also widespread lytic lesions in the thoracic osseous structures, in addition to the known lytic lesions in the skull base.Taking all this together, metastatic breast cancer was the presumed diagnosis.The patient denied any nipple discharge, breast pain, mass, infection, or trauma.Her most recent mammogram a year before was reportedly normal.Her medical history was only significant for removal of a dermoid ovarian cyst 10 years before.She reached men-
An embarrassment of riches
Authors: T. Groves
Journal: BMJ (2009)

At what age should women start having cervical screening? In England screening begins at 25, but elsewhere in the United Kingdom it’s offered from the age of 20. Campaigners have questioned this since the death in February from cervical cancer of the reality television star Jade Goody, who was 27, and at last month’s BMA annual conference 68% of voters called to lower the screening age in England.

Now a large population based study across the UK has provided compelling evidence to support the English stance (doi:10.1136/bmj.b2968). Peter Sasieni and colleagues found that although screening was associated with a 60% reduction …
Mechanisms of Organized Left Atrial Tachycardias Occurring After Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: Edward P. Gerstenfeld, David J. Callans, Sanjay Dixit, Andrea M. Russo, Hemal Nayak, David Lin, Ward Pulliam, Sultan Siddique, Francis E. Marchlinski
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— A proarrhythmic consequence of pulmonary vein (PV) isolation can be a recurrent organized left atrial (LA) tachycardia after ablation. This arrhythmia is frequently referred to as “left atrial flutter,” but the mechanism and best ablation strategy have not been determined. Methods and Results— Isolation of arrhythmogenic PVs was initially performed by segmental ostial PV ablation guided by a circular mapping catheter in 341 patients. Patients whose predominant recurrent arrhythmia was a persistent organized tachycardia returned for mapping and ablation. Recurrent organized LA tachycardias (cycle length 253±33 ms, range 213 to 328 ms) occurred in 10 (2.9%) of 341 patients (age 59±9 years, 1 woman). Mapping was consistent with a focal origin in 8 patients and with macroreentry in 1 patient and was unclear in 1 patient owing to degeneration to atrial fibrillation. Focal tachycardias originated from reconnected segments of prior isolated PVs (6 patients), the posterior LA (1 patient), or the superior septum (1 patient). Focal atrial tachycardias were ablated with point lesions that targeted the earliest activation. All reconnected PVs were also reisolated. Reentrant LA flutter occurred around the left PVs in 1 patient. After 6.7±2.3 months of follow-up, 9 (90%) of 10 patients were arrhythmia free (4 of whom were taking antiarrhythmic drug therapy), and one was having recurrent atrial fibrillation. Conclusions— Recurrent organized LA tachycardia after PV isolation is uncommon and typically has a focal origin from reconnected PV ostia. Reisolation of the PV and ablation of non-PV foci are sufficient to treat this proarrhythmia. Linear lesions are only required when a macroreentrant mechanism is present.
Novel Zoom Endoscopy Technique for Visualizing the Microvascular Architecture in Gastric Mucosa
Authors: Kenshi Yao, Akinori Iwashita, Yosuke Kikuchi, Tsuneyoshi Yao, Toshiyuki Matsui, Hiroshi Tanabe, Takashi Nagahama, Suketo Sou
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
PRESCRIPTION OF SULFONAMIDES
Authors: George W. Stimson
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Do you not think a warning on the unjustifiable, promiscuous and indiscriminate prescribing of the sulfonamides in an effort to curb such unwarranted practice might be timely and perhaps serve a good purpose? A few years ago at a general medical meeting I was the only otolaryngologist of three present who spoke against such practice. The other two and many general practitioners said that they prescribed sulfonamide derivatives as a routine in the home in every case of acute suppurative otitis media. I decried it then, and all the more do I do so now after two years have passed and I have seen the results. Only yesterday I had a typical example of their misuse—and this is not an isolated case: A woman aged 20 had acute suppurative otitis media with a spontaneous perforation on June 15, 1941. The next day her otologist placed her on
First Aid: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Joseph A. Buckwalter
Journal: JAMA (1961)

It is not entirely clear, from the preface or after review, to whom this book is directed. I suspect that the authors regarded nonmedical people interested in first aid as their primary target. For the most part the book meets this purpose admirably. However, discussions such as those dealing with the management of wounds, the use of antibiotics, and indications and use of parenteral fluids are beyond the scope and needs of such persons, are suitable for medical students, but are probably too elementary for the intern or resident physician. The extent of the responsibilities of the first-aid worker are not defined as clearly as desired. For example, decision concerning the dubious use of topical antibiotics, the indications for benzine and gasoline in wound cleansing, and considerations relating to tetanus antitoxin should not be the responsibility of the nonmedical first-aid worker. Likewise, the definitive treatment of the dog and cat
Effects of a physiotherapy and occupational therapy intervention on mobility and activity in care home residents: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: C. M Sackley, M. E van den Berg, K. Lett, S. Patel, K. Hollands, C. C Wright, T. J Hoppitt
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Residual volume (RV) is a derived lung compartment that correlates with air trapping in the context of air flow obstruction on spirometry. The significance of an isolated elevation in RV in the absence of other pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities is not well defined. We sought to assess the clinical and radiologic findings associated with isolated elevation in RV. <h3>METHODS:</h3> We searched our out-patient PFT database at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) from 2016–2018 for adult patients with isolated elevation in RV. We defined isolated elevation in RV as RV ≥ upper limit of normal or ≥ 130% predicted with normal total lung capacity (TLC), spirometry, and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D<sub>LCO</sub>). We then matched this high-RV group by age and sex to an equal number of individuals with normal RV, TLC, spirometry, and D<sub>LCO</sub> (normal-RV group). <h3>RESULTS:</h3> We identified 169 subjects with isolated elevation in RV on PFTs, with a median age of 73 y; 55.6% were female, and median body mass index was 26.8 (vs 29.8 in the normal-RV group). The median RV was 3.08 L (134% predicted, interquartile range [IQR] 130–141) in the high-RV group and 2.26 L (99% predicted, IQR 90–109) in the normal-RV group <i>(P</i> &lt; .001). Subjects with high RV were more likely to have smoked (54% vs 40%, <i>P</i> = .01) and almost twice as likely to have a maximum voluntary ventilation &lt; 30 times the FEV<sub>1</sub> (21% vs 12%, <i>P</i> = .02). Clinically, asthma (21% vs 11%, <i>P</i> = .01) and non–tuberculous mycobacterial lung infections (12% vs 2%, <i>P</i> = .001) were more prevalent in the high-RV group. On chest computed tomography, bronchiectasis (31% vs 15%, <i>P</i> = .008), bronchial thickening or mucus plugging (46% vs 22%, <i>P</i> &lt; .001), and emphysema (13% vs 5%, <i>P</i> = .046) were more common in the high-RV group. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Isolated elevation in RV on PFTs is a clinically relevant abnormality associated with airway-centered diseases.
Reprocessing data to form QALYs.
Authors: J. Coast
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To determine whether reprocessing data from published sources into quality adjusted life years (QALYs), as recommended in The QALY Toolkit, is a useful method of helping purchasing authorities to determine the most cost effective pattern of care to buy for their populations. SETTING--United Kingdom. DESIGN--The method was tested for six elective surgical conditions; data from published studies were reprocessed into the Rosser index, to obtain values for change in quality of life. These were then used to form QALYs. A small validation exercise was carried out. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--QALYs formed from the Rosser index. RESULTS--Published data could not be found for three interventions (cataract surgery, inguinal hernia repair, varicose vein surgery). For the remainder (prostatectomy, hip replacement, and knee replacement) data were found which could be reprocessed to form QALYs, though it was often hard to compare data from different studies and many assumptions had to be made. CONCLUSION--The value of QALY results obtained by this method is questionable, given the large number of assumptions which had to be made. For many interventions published data are unlikely to be available.
Radioimmunodetection of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma with<sup>111</sup>In-Labeled T101 Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: J. A. Carrasquillo, P. A. Bunn, A. M. Keenan, J. C. Reynolds, R. W. Schroff, K. A. Foon, M. H. Su, A. F. Gazdar, J. L. Mulshine, R. K. Oldham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

T101 monoclonal antibody recognizes a pan-T-cell antigen present on normal T cells and also found in high concentrations in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. We used this antibody, Radio-labeled with 111In, in gamma-camera imaging to detect sites of metastatic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in 11 patients with advanced disease. In all patients, [111In]T101 concentrated in pathologically or clinically detected nodes, including those in several previously unsuspected nodal regions. Concentrations (per gram of tissue) ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 percent of the injected dose and were consistently 10 to 100 times higher than previously reported on radioimmunodetection. Focal uptake was seen in skin tumors and heavily infiltrated erythroderma but not in skin plaques. The specificity of tumor targeting was documented by control studies with [111In]chloride or [111In]9.2.27 (anti-melanoma) monoclonal antibody. Increasing the T101 dose (1 to 50 mg) altered distribution in nontumor tissues. These studies suggest that imaging with [111In]T101 may be of value in identifying sites of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In contrast to the targeting of solid tumors, the mechanism of localization appears to be related to binding to T cells, which can then carry the radioactivity to involved sites. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:673–80.)
Optimum dose of sulphasalazine for maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: A K Azad Khan, D T Howes, J Piris, S C Truelove
Journal: Gut (1980)

Sulphasalazine is widely used in the maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis but the optimum dose is not known. In the present study, 170 patients were allotted at random to three treatment groups, in which the daily dose was 1, 2 and 4 g respectively, and the trial period of treatment lasted for six months. A daily dose of 2 g was found to be much more efficacious than 1 g. A daily dose of 4 g was more efficacious than 2 g but at the price of fairly frequent symptomatic side-effects. Haematological abnormalities were observed at all dosage levels, but they occurred chiefly among the patients on 4 g daily. Both symptomatic and the haematological side-effects were usually associated with high concentrations of serum sulphapyridine and these high levels occurred chiefly among the slow acetylators. It is concluded that, for general use, a daily dose of 2 g sulphasalazine is satisfactory for the maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis. If a patient does not do well on 2 g daily, it is worth trying a larger dose but in this case the patient9s condition should be monitored by blood film, haemoglobin, MCV, and reticulocyte count.
Reduced angiotensinogen expression attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy in mice
Authors: Robert J. Fern, Christine M. Yesko, Barbara A. Thornhill, Hyung-Suk Kim, Oliver Smithies, Robert L. Chevalier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

A novel approach was employed to assess the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to obstructive nephropathy in neonatal mice having zero to four functional copies of the angiotensinogen gene (Agt). Two-day-old mice underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or sham operation; 28 days later, renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were quantitated. In all Agt genotypes, UUO reduced ipsilateral renal mass and increased that of the opposite kidney. Renal interstitial collagen increased after UUO linearly with Agt expression, from a fractional area of 25% in zero-copy mice to 54% in two-copy mice. Renal expression of transforming growth factor-β1 was increased by ipsilateral UUO in mice expressing Agt, but not in zero-copy mice. However, the prevalence of atrophic tubules due to UUO did not vary with Agt expression. Blood pressure was not different in all groups, except for a reduction in sham zero-copy mice. We conclude that a functional RAS is not necessary for compensatory renal growth. This study demonstrates conclusively that angiotensin regulates at least 50% of the renal interstitial fibrotic response in obstructive nephropathy, an effect independent of systemic hemodynamic changes. Angiotensin-induced fibrosis likely is a mechanism common to the progression of many forms of renal disease.
Cancer Screening in Theory and in Practice
Authors: Otis W. Brawley, Barnett S. Kramer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Improvements in technology have led to a number of tests that can be used to suggest that a patient has a cancer. Advances in cancer biology and medical imaging have led to a number of cancer screening tests. Cancer screening is commonly advocated, but its complexity is often lost in guidelines that have sound-bite quality. It is commonly viewed as of no harm, when in fact there are harms associated with every known screening test. Indeed, many screening experts believe a screening test should only be used when the potential for benefit clearly outweighs the potential for harm. Cancer screening principles are classically within the realm of the epidemiologist. As more screening tests are developed, these principles have become more relevant to the practicing clinician. What is known and what is unknown about screening is distinctly different from what is believed by the public and many practicing clinicians. Many tests have both screening and diagnostic uses, and it is only the context in which these are used that determines whether they are screening or diagnostic. A screening test is done on asymptomatic individuals who receive the test principally because they are of the age or sex at risk for the cancer. A diagnostic test is done on an individual because of clinical suspicion of disease.
Observational cross-sectional study comparing Breslow thickness of melanoma arising from naevi and melanoma<i>de novo</i>
Authors: A. Garcia-Cruz, A. Flórez, C. de la Torre-Fraga, M. Cruces Prado
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Observational cross‐sectional study comparing Breslow thickness of melanoma arising from naevi and melanoma de novo Get access A. Garcia‐Cruz, A. Garcia‐Cruz Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Hospital Provincial Loureiro Crespo, 2, Pontevedra 36001, Spain E‐mail: agcruz@aedv.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Flórez, A. Flórez Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Hospital Provincial Loureiro Crespo, 2, Pontevedra 36001, Spain E‐mail: agcruz@aedv.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. De La Torre‐Fraga, C. De La Torre‐Fraga Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Hospital Provincial Loureiro Crespo, 2, Pontevedra 36001, Spain E‐mail: agcruz@aedv.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Cruces Prado M. Cruces Prado Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Hospital Provincial Loureiro Crespo, 2, Pontevedra 36001, Spain E‐mail: agcruz@aedv.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 3, 1 September 2009, Pages 700–702, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09355.x Published: 01 September 2009
Limits on working time reduce interns' surgery experience, study shows
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Rules adopted by the US Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education that limit work shifts of first year surgeons in training to 16 hours significantly reduced their operative experience, a study has found.1

The restriction, adopted in 2011, came on top of 2003 rules that placed an 80 hour work week limit on all residents, because of concerns that sleep deprivation endangered patients and impeded learning.

The study’s senior author, Christian de Virgilio, of the department of surgery, Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, and colleagues, looked at the number and type of cases that first year surgery trainees worked on …
One of at Least Three of a Kind-Reply
Authors: David J. Shulkin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  I appreciate Dr Spencer's comments, but the fact that the topic of doctor as patient has appeared in only three books in the last three decades makes a statement: we physicians find it difficult to see ourselves as patients, and, thereby, we deny the reality that at some point in our lives we all become patients. When Doctors Get Sick  1 may not be the only book of its type but I believe its contribution to our understanding of the human element of illness is truly one-of-a-kind.
Large interindividual differences in cellular sensitivity to calicheamicin may influence gemtuzumab ozogamicin response in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: B F Goemans, C M Zwaan, S J H Vijverberg, A H Loonen, U Creutzig, K Hählen, D Reinhardt, B E S Gibson, J Cloos, G J L Kaspers
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
[381] HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS MOBILIZATION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIVER RESECTION
Authors: M.A. Zocco, F. Giuliante, M. Novi, E. Rinninella, N. Saulnier, M.A. Pugliesi, C. Rumi, L. Zileri Dal Verme, M.E. Ainora, G. Nuzzo, G. Gasbarrini, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
The Phosphatase PP4c Controls Spindle Orientation to Maintain Proliferative Symmetric Divisions in the Developing Neocortex
Authors: Yunli Xie, Christoph Jüschke, Christopher Esk, Shinji Hirotsune, Juergen A. Knoblich
Journal: Neuron (2013)

In the developing neocortex, progenitor cells expand through symmetric division before they generate cortical neurons through multiple rounds of asymmetric cell division. Here, we show that the orientation of the mitotic spindle plays a crucial role in regulating the transition between those two division modes. We demonstrate that the protein phosphatase PP4c regulates spindle orientation in early cortical progenitor cells. Upon removing PP4c, mitotic spindles fail to orient in parallel to the neuroepithelial surface and progenitors divide with random orientation. As a result, their divisions become asymmetric and neurogenesis starts prematurely. Biochemical and genetic experiments show that PP4c acts by dephosphorylating the microtubule binding protein Ndel1, thereby enabling complex formation with Lis1 to form a functional spindle orientation complex. Our results identify a key regulator of cortical development and demonstrate that changes in the orientation of progenitor division are responsible for the transition between symmetric and asymmetric cell division.