tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Compensatory increase in alpha 1-globin gene expression in individuals heterozygous for the alpha-thalassemia-2 deletion.
Authors: S A Liebhaber, F E Cash, D M Main
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

alpha-Globin is encoded by the two adjacent genes, alpha 1 and alpha 2. Although it is clearly established that both alpha-globin genes are expressed, their relative contributions to alpha-globin messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein synthesis are not fully defined. Furthermore, changes that may occur in alpha-globin gene activity secondarily to the loss of function of one or more of these genes (alpha-thalassemia [Thal]) have not been directly investigated. This study further defines the expression of the two human alpha-globin genes by determining the relative levels of alpha 1 and alpha 2 mRNA in the reticulocytes of normal individuals and in individuals heterozygous for the common 3.7-kilobase deletion within the alpha-globin gene cluster that removes the alpha 2-globin gene (the rightward type alpha-Thal-2 deletion). To quantitate accurately the ratio of the two alpha-globin mRNAs, we have modified a previously reported S1 nuclease assay to include the use of 32P end-labeled probes isolated from alpha 1- and alpha 2-globin complementary DNA recombinant plasmids. In individuals with a normal alpha-globin genotype (as determined by Southern blot analysis [alpha alpha/alpha alpha]), alpha 2-globin mRNA is present at an average 2.8-fold excess to alpha 1. In individuals heterozygous for the rightward type alpha-Thal-2 deletion (-alpha/alpha alpha) the alpha 2/alpha 1 mRNA ratio is 1:1. These results suggest that the loss of the alpha 2-globin gene in the alpha-Thal-2 deletion is associated with a 1.8-fold compensatory increase alpha 1-globin gene expression.
Letter by Ala-Korpela et al Regarding Article, “Lipoprotein Particle Profiles by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Compared With Standard Lipids and Apolipoproteins in Predicting Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Women”
Authors: Mika Ala-Korpela, Pasi Soininen, Markku J. Savolainen
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Biology of viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex; proceedings of a symposium held in Smolenice October 11-14, 1960.
Authors: George T. Harrell
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This book represents the second symposium on problems of tick-borne encephalitis held by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. This list of participants is largely composed of Czechoslovak scientists in the Institute of Virology with a scattering of participants from other countries. The book is organized into six sections covering the antigenic structure of viruses, multiplication in host cells, the application of tissue-culture methods, variations in pathogenicity, problems of vaccination, and the winter survival of the virus in nature. A two-page conclusion has been prepared by the Director of the Institute of Virology. A number of illustrations are scattered throughout the book with many photomicrographs of tissue cultures infected with virus, a few electron micrographs, and some illustrations in color, many of which were taken after treatment of tissues with fluorescent materials. A fair amount of data is presented in tables and charts. The references for most papers are few in
Meta-analysis: Diagnostic Performance of Low-Radiation-Dose Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Moritz Wyler von Ballmoos, Bernhard Haring, Pascal Juillerat, Hatem Alkadhi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a supplement. Background: A new radiation dose–saving technique for noninvasive coronary artery imaging with computed tomography (CT) is available. Purpose: To summarize current evidence about the ability of low-dose coronary CT angiography to rule out coronary artery disease (CAD) in symptomatic adults. Data Sources: Online databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, from inception through 31 October 2010; abstract databases; gray literature; reference lists of identified articles; and experts. No language restrictions were applied. Study Selection: All investigators screened and selected studies that compared prospective electrocardiography-gated coronary CT angiography with catheter coronary angiography (the reference standard) in symptomatic patients with suspected CAD. Data Extraction: Two investigators independently extracted patient and study protocol characteristics and rated methodological quality; differences were resolved by consensus or by a third reader. Multivariate random-effects models were used to obtain pooled estimates. Data Synthesis: 16 studies, comprising 960 patients, were found (7 studies of single-source, 64-slice CT; 4 of dual-source, 64-slice CT; 2 of single-source, 320-slice CT; 1 dual-source, 128-slice CT; 1 of single-source, 128-slice CT; and 1 of single-source, 256-slice CT). On average, 2.4% of the coronary arterial segments were of nondiagnostic image quality, and 1 or more segments were nondiagnostic in 9.5% of the patients. The patient-level sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.00) and 0.89 (CI, 0.85 to 0.92), respectively. The pooled vessel- and segment-level estimates showed lower sensitivity and higher specificity than the patient-level estimates. Statistically significant heterogeneity was found between studies for vessel- and segment-level estimates, which seemed to be associated with body mass index and prevalence of CAD but not with CT scanner characteristics. Limitations: The small number of studies, half of which were from a single tertiary center, limits generalizability. The potential harms of the imaging tests were not well-evaluated. Conclusion: Early evidence suggests that low-dose coronary CT angiography matches the sensitivity of catheter-based angiography, has low radiation exposure, and is a potentially valid alternative to catheter angiography for triaging symptomatic patients with a clinical suspicion of CAD. Primary Funding Source: None.
Proposed Compulsory Inspection and Registration of Stillborn Children
Authors: R. R. Rentoul
Journal: BMJ (1895)

WHEN in 1890, a Midwives Bill was introduced, I recognised that it would be a danger if any persons, other than medical practitioners, were empowered to grant certificates of the cause of stillbirth.I therefore sent out a circular letter, and found that at 71 Burial Board cemeteries, 6,321 stillbirths had ibeen interred in 12 months.Sir C. Cameron called attention to my statement in the Commons, and moved for a return showing the number of stillbirths interred.This Parlia- mentary Return (No. 352, July, 1891) shows that during 12 months 17,335 stillbirths were interred in Board cemeteries.The return is very incomplete, as it does not include Scotland or lreland, nor the various parish and other burial .grounds.Stillbirths occur much more frequently among illegitimate than legitimate births-in the proportion of 1 in 18, or 1 in 20 among the legitimate; and 1 in 8 or 1 in 10 among illegitimate.Bertillon says that the chance of an illegitimate echild being stillborn, when compared with the legitimate, is as 193 to 100.In Denmark, of 100 legitimate births, 2.6 per -cent.are stillborn ; and of the illegitimate, 4.1; while in first
Benign Diseases of the Vulva and Vagina
Authors: John Parks
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This comprehensive text will serve as an excellent reference for the practicing physician and as a well-documented treatise on the pathologic histology of this portion of the female body. The chapter on "Embryology" by contributing author Zimmerman, and the section on "Developmental Anomalies of the Vulva and Vagina" by Franklin and Malinak, are concise and very well illustrated. The significance of melanotic lesions has been skirted. Basal cell carcinoma, as well as intraepithelial carcinoma, have been included as relatively benign tumors. The most fatal of all vulval lesions, invasive carcinoma, has been omitted. The authors give as their reason for not including epithelial carcinoma that so many treatises on the subject are available. This is true, but it would seem that a condensed chapter or two on malignant lesions would have added greatly to the usefulness of the text. At best, black and white illustrations can only demonstrate site, contour,
Is there any specific association between respiratory viruses and bacteria in acute otitis media of young children?
Authors: M KLEEMOLA, J NOKSOKOIVISTO, E HERVA, R SYRJANEN, M LAHDENKARI, T KILPI, T HOVI
Journal: Journal of Infection (2005)

Respiratory viral infections are usually preceding or coinciding with acute otitis media (AOM) in children. It is not known if a given viral infection would facilitate invasion of bacterial pathogens into the middle ear in a species-specific way. We reanalysed the microbiological results of the two prospective Finnish Otitis Media (FinOM) studies for this purpose.The children had been followed from 2 months to 2 years of age in specific study clinics and all referred AOM events were analysed. Combined results of virus detection tests from middle ear fluid and nasopharyngeal aspirate and those of bacterial culture from middle ear fluid were cross-tabulated for 529 AOM events in the FinOM Cohort Study and for 364 events in the FinOM Vaccine Trial.In both studies the main bacterial pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis while the main viruses detected were rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus (plus enteroviruses in the Vaccine Trial). No distinct species-specific associations were observed between the viral and bacterial findings.We did not find support to the theory that respiratory infection caused by a given viral species would favour growth of a certain bacterial pathogen in the MEF more than another.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension”
Authors: James J. Tolle, Aaron B. Waxman, David M. Systrom
Journal: Circulation (2009)

We thank Drs Naeije and Mélot for their careful review of our article. 1As they note, the intent of our article was to demonstrate that exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (EIPAH) is a clinically relevant syndrome, an inference drawn largely from our demonstration that EIPAH occupies a physiological domain (including V ˙O2 max and central hemodynamics) intermediate between normal and established resting pulmonary arterial hypertension.We
Erasures from the "Register"
Authors: P. Noone, R. C. B. Slack, T. M. C. Parsons, G. R. Pattison, G. Rook, P. A. Boswell, J. M. Grange, C. Choudury, J. M. Cusworth, P. J. Kumar, C. J. Hewlitt, M. K. Thompscn, M. R. Rossdale, R. M. Jones, A. Leathem, G. M. Mead, Y. Williams, A. Tudway, A. Mahmud, J. Stewart, H. Williams, J. D. Kerr, H. B. McMichael, P. Tewson, D. Ralphs, A. D. G. Brown, C. Wolff, J. L. Stanford, A. S. Brook, M. Shepherd, C. Bannerman, P. J. Todd, J. S. Aspinall, N. Knight, R. M. Norris, P. Webb, D. W. Smith, D. Rutter, P. Unsworth, D. Cheetham, S. Dodman, S. Peskett, D. Gordon, J. Williams, C. McGavin, J. Cockrane, J. R. Davies, A. P. Nafatalin, R. Miller, S. Lightman, R. Hardy, M. D. B. Sharp, M. Harrison, T. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1972)
THE SELECTIVE DEPIGMENTING ACTION OF 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE ON HAIR GROWTH IN THE MOUSE
Authors: C. E. SEARLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— Topical applications of 8-hydroxyquinoiine to mouse skin cause depigmented hair to grow in patterns which change with time and appear to be closely associated with the hair growth cycles. Sufficiently frequent applications result in virtually complete depigmentation in young adult C57BL female mice, while single applications cause isolated bands of depigmented hair. Female mice are more sensitive than males, but some treated newborn mice were unaffected, 8-Hydroxyquinaldine has a similar action. Compounds not showing this effect include 2 recognized depigmenting agents, some compounds related to 8-hydroxyquinoline and some other analytical reagents for copper.
Pulmonary Medicine and Certification
Authors: A. JAY BLOCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1987Pulmonary Medicine and CertificationA. JAY BLOCK, M.D.A. JAY BLOCK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-264_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In November 1987, the American Board of Internal Medicine will administer a special certifying examination in critical care medicine. To qualify to sit for this examination, a physician who has completed 3 postgraduate years in internal medicine and 2 years of pulmonary fellowship must train in a critical care setting for an additional 12 months. Inherent in this requirement is the assumption that the standard 2-year clinical pulmonary training program does not provide adequate instruction in critical care medicine.New rules concerning requirements for training should be based on data and not arbitrary decisions. I am unaware... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. JAY BLOCK, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Third Five-Year Survey of Fellows (by Examination) of the Faculty of Intensive Care, Australian and New Zealand College of AnaesthetistsThe Training/Examination Programme in Intensive Care, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists 1. TrainingThe Training/Examination Programme in Intensive Care, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists: 2. Examination 1 August 1987Volume 107, Issue 2Page: 264-265KeywordsCritical careFellowshipsPulmonary medicine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Effect of the 65-mph Speed Limit on Fatalities in New Mexico-Reply
Authors: Margaret Gallagher
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply. —  Our study suggesting an increase in motor vehicle mortality associated with raising the speed limit to 65 mph on rural interstates is consistent with other such studies. Baum et al 1 have shown that fatalities on rural interstates in the states with increased speed limits in 1987 were conservatively estimated to be 15% higher than they would have been if the states had retained the 55-mph limit. (Among states that retained the 55-mph limit, fatalities on rural interstates were 6% lower than expected.)  Mr Baxter's hypothesis of migration of traffic from noninterstate to interstate highways in New Mexico is an interesting one that is not substantiated by New Mexico crash data (Table 2). The geography of New Mexico is such that there are few alternative routes that parallel the state's three interstate highways, so drivers have little choice of routes for destinations along interstates. Another point against Mr
THE TEACHING OF MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS IN RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE.
Authors: DANIEL R. BROWER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The teaching of materia medica and therapeutics in Rush Medical College is done in a lecture room, recitation rooms and the laboratory of materia medica. I have associated with me in the work eight assistants; one is the director of the laboratory, one gives the didactic lectures in materia medica and the others, as instructors, hear the recitations and assist in the laboratory work. The materia medica is taught in the second year of the college course (a four years' course), because it is necessary, in my judgment, that the student should have a freshman's knowledge of chemistry and physiology to enable him to do good work in this branch. As an introduction to the course one hour a week in the last half of the freshman year is devoted to a lecture on medical pharmacy, by I. A. Patton, M.D., the director of the laboratory. The subject of materia
Emergency Departments, Medicaid Costs, and Access to Primary Care — Understanding the Link
Authors: Arthur L. Kellermann, Robin M. Weinick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Interview with Dr. Arthur Kellermann on the increasing use of emergency departments and access to primary care. (13:59)Download Many state governments are seeking ways to cut Medicaid spending. Washington State has proposed to reduce beneficiaries' overuse of emergency departments by refusing to pay for "unnecessary" visits. However, primary care is often unavailable to these patients.
A British Medical Association Lecture ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SOME DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Authors: G. R. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1920)

a.OYAL, INPIRMARY4ENDOCRINOLOGY is one of the younger branches of medicine, but it has grown so rapidly of recent years that thereare already several textbooks devoted to the physiological, pathological, and clinical aspects of the subject, and the Association for the Study of Internal Secretions in America publishes a quarterly journal entirely devoted to this subject.A brief consideration of the early diagnosis and treatment of some of the diseases of the endocrine glands in the light of our present knowledge will, therefore, be of interest to you.Time will not permit of a consideration' of the special physiological action of these glands, but, speaking generally, it may be said that each forms a secre; tion containing one or more hormones, whichare carried by the blood to the tissues.Each hormone has a special influene upon growtlh and development in, theyru6g.andupon general metabolism throughout life.The symptoms of disease of an endocrine gland are therefore due either to changes in its sizecausing pressure upon surrounding tissues, ov to alterationB in its functional activity leading to an increase or decrease in the supply of hormones,-or possibly to an alteration in their character.Thus, for example,--in the case of the thyroid gland symptoms may be due to the pressure exerted by an enlarged gland upon the-neiglhbouring structures, or they may be the result of hypertliyroidism, hypothyroidism, or dysthyroidism.Clhanges in size and function oftenoccur together, but we may have great change in size witlhout obvious alteration of fLunction, or we may have marked change in function associated with but slight change in size, THrROID GLAND.It is somewhat remarkable, at a time when the importance of the diseases of the.endocrine'-glands is fully recognized, that little, ifany, mention is made in textbooks devoted to clinical diagnosis of the methods of either examining these organs or of estimating their functional activity.In other branches of medicine-the tendency in the past h'as been rather to devote a great deal of care to the physical 'examination of diseased organs, while too little attention was paid to the study of the-early sym ptoms whicli Indicateochange or failure in functional efficiency.. Dseses -of tlhe ndocrine glands have, how- ever, generally been reqpgniized by observing-symptoms wlhich result from alterations`in their fanetional activity, and not by physical examina,tion.In' tlhe case of the thyroid gland, at any rate, much may be learnt by a rareful physical examination conducted on similar ines to those we follow in examination of 'other internal organs,Several years ago I saw a striking example of this with
The Symmetry of Hip Bone Mineral Density A Dual Photon Absorptiometry Approach
Authors: HARRY J. LESSIG, MICHELE S. MELTZER, JEFFREY A. SIEGEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Dual photon absorptiometry studies were performed on the hips of 23 patients to determine whether bone mineral density values obtained from one hip were indicative of the values in the contralateral hip of the ambulatory patient. The femoral neck, trochanteric, and Ward's triangle areas of both hips were analyzed. There were no significant differences between the right and left hip bone mineral density measurements in any of these three areas. Since the right and left hip readings were highly correlated, either hip may be used to evaluate osseous status.
Amalgamation of Armed Forces Medical Services
Authors: P. L. Potter
Journal: BMJ (1964)

within two weeks in all patients.The alkaline phosphatase was slightly elevated in three cases, and the serum bilirubin patho- logically high in two cases.Accordingly, the liver-function tests revealed a pattern of hepatic impairment fully similar to that observed by Eisalo et al.Our series is small, but the hepatic injury occurred in every case during a very, short observation period.It leaves no doubt about the hepatotoxicity of this contraceptive pill also.It is noteworthy that the daily dose of both progestogen and oestrogen in this series was clearly smaller than that used by Eisalo et al.We consider that a study of the hepatotoxic effect of even smaller amounts of norethisterone and ethinyloestradiol, and in a series of young women too, is indicated.-Weare, etc., I. P.
Disseminated histoplasmosis following prolonged low-dose methotrexate therapy
Authors: Vivek Roy, Dale E. Hammerschmidt
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Disseminated Histoplasmosis Following Prolonged Low-Dose Methotrexate TherapyTo the Editor: A 43-year-old woman from central Minnesota presented to her primary internist with a 4-month history of weight loss and abdominal distension and a 2-week history of fevers, sweats, weakness, and anorexia.She was receiving treatment with low-dose methotrexate (15 mg every week) for the last 5 years for rheumatoid arthritis.Splenomegaly was noted on examination.Her hemoglobin was 11.5 g/dl, leukocyte count (WBC) was 3.2 × 10 9 /l, and platelets were 115 × 10 9 /l.Routine liver and renal function tests were normal.Bone marrow biopsy showed normocellular marrow with normal trilineage hematopoiesis.A diagnosis of felty's syndrome was made, and treatment with prednisone, 60 mg per day, was started.Her symptoms continued to progress.She was referred to the University of Minnesota for a second opinion 2 weeks later.On examination weight loss, splenomegaly (25 cm below the costal margin), and ascites was noted.Her pancytopenia had progressed: hemoglobin, 8.2 g/dl; WBC, 1.8 × 10 9 /l (56% neutrophils); platelets, 49 × 10 9 /l; and reticulocyte count, 10%.Serum albumin was 2.1 g/dl, bilirubin 2.2 mg/dl, AST 81 (n ‫ס‬ 0-50 U/l), ALT 44 (n ‫ס‬ 0-50 U/l), alkaline phosphatase 117 (n ‫ס‬ 50-120 U/l), creatinine 0.9 mg/dl, and lactate dehydrogenase 1110 (n ‫ס‬ 275-645 U/l).Abdominal CT scan confirmed massive splenomegaly and ascites without hepatomegaly or adenopathy.Over the next 6 days, her hemoglobin further dropped and evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation appeared.Bone marrow examination showed multiple granulomata and numerous intracellular yeastlike organisms within the macrophages suggestive of Histoplasma (Fig. 1).Intravenous amphotericin B was begun, and splenectomy was performed the next day.Histopathological examination of spleen, lymph glands from the splenic hilum, and an intra-operative liver biopsy showed extensive granulomata with intracellular yeastlike inclusions.Cultures of the biopsied material yielded Histoplasma capsulalum.A test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies was negative.The patient received a total of 2 g of amphotericin B as an outpatient and made an uneventful recovery.
British Naval Medicine
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

RECOGNITION of an obligation on the part of a shipowner of a merchantman or by the Crown, representing one of the King's ships, to care for the sick or wounded seamen came about during the mid-twelfth century when the Customs of Oléron were developed as maritime law. These were initiated on the island of Oléron, in the Bay of Biscay, at the crossroads of Atlantic traffic, where cases were tried at the maritime court and where the most powerful seamen's guild was centered. Under the Customs, which later became the British Laws of Oléron, if injury occurred in . . .