tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF THE MENINGEAL FORM OF ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS WITH ANTIMENINGOCOCCIC SERUM
Authors: W. W. HERRICK
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Apropos of the recent report by Helmholz and Rosenow<sup>1</sup>of three cases of acute encephalitis treated with specific serum, it is of interest to record the striking effect of nonspecific serum in a case of acute encephalitis of the meningeal form. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A schoolboy, aged 15, was a good scholar, but always nervous and inclined to be "twitchy." He was well until the night of Nov. 28, 1921, when there was slight fever and digestive disturbance, which was not taken seriously. No physician was called until the morning of Nov. 30, 1921, when he was observed by Dr. F. R. Lyman of Hastings, N. Y., who suspected meningitis. At 6 p. m. on the same day, when I saw him, the temperature was 102, the pulse 84, and the respiration 18. He was clear mentally, seemed cheerful and was fairly comfortable. There had been repeated vomiting for
Evidence for a New Pathophysiological Mechanism for Coronary Artery Disease Regression
Authors: Alberto Zambon, John E. Hokanson, B. Greg Brown, John D. Brunzell
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Small, dense LDL particles are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and predict angiographic changes in response to lipid-lowering therapy. Intensive lipid-lowering therapy in the Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (FATS) resulted in significant improvement in CAD. This study examines the relationship among LDL density, hepatic lipase (HL), and CAD progression, identifying a new biological mechanism for the favorable effects of lipid-altering therapy. Methods and Results —Eighty-eight of the subjects in FATS with documented coronary disease, apolipoprotein B levels ≥125 mg/dL, and family history of CAD were selected for this study. They were randomly assigned to receive lovastatin (40 mg/d) and colestipol (30 g/d), niacin (4 g/d) and colestipol, or conventional therapy with placebo alone or with colestipol in those with elevated LDL cholesterol levels. Plasma hepatic lipase (HL), lipoprotein lipase, and LDL density were measured when subjects were and were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. LDL buoyancy increased with lovastatin-colestipol therapy (7.7%; P &lt;0.01) and niacin-colestipol therapy (10.3%; P &lt;0.01), whereas HL decreased in both groups (−14% [ P &lt;0.01] and −17% [ P &lt;0.01] with lovastatin-colestipol and niacin-colestipol, respectively). Changes in LDL buoyancy and HL activity were associated with changes in disease severity ( P &lt;0.001). In a multivariate analysis, an increase in LDL buoyancy was most strongly associated with CAD regression, accounting for 37% of the variance of change in coronary stenosis ( P &lt;0.01), followed by reduction in apolipoprotein Bl (5% of variance; P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —These studies support the hypothesis that therapy-associated changes in HL alter LDL density, which favorably influences CAD progression. This is a new and potentially clinically relevant mechanism linking lipid-altering therapy to CAD improvement.
Abstract LB-8: Design and development of a novel series of HDAC6-selective inhibitors for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Stephen J. Shuttleworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Inhibition of the zinc-dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC) family of enzymes has been pursued as a clinical strategy in cancer for over a decade. HDACs regulate the expression and activity of numerous proteins involved in both cancer initiation and cancer progression; by removal of acetyl groups from histones, HDACs create a non-permissive chromatin conformation that prevents the transcription of genes that encode proteins involved in tumorigenesis. The current landscape of HDAC-targeting therapeutics has, however, been dominated by pan-inhibitors that regulate the activity of most, if not all, of the HDAC family members which, through dysregulation of expression of a myriad of genes, has led to agents with undesirable toxicities and narrow therapeutic margins. Recently, however, attention has begun to turn to the role of specific HDAC isoforms in tumorigenesis and, in turn, the development of more selective therapeutics. HDAC6 has emerged as a particularly interesting target as it plays an essential role in aggresomal protein degradation: specifically, HDAC6 binds polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins and recruits misfolded protein cargo to dynein motors for transport to aggresomes. Cells deficient in HDAC6 fail to clear these misfolded protein aggregates from the cytoplasm, cannot form aggresomes properly, and are hypersensitive to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which leads to activation of apoptosis. This presentation will outline the design and development of a new class of highly-potent, selective and orally-active HDAC6 inhibitors with the potential in the treatment of multiple tumor types. Uniquely, this series of compounds has been designed such that selectivity levels for HDAC6 over other isoforms can be finely regulated, enabling the investigation of preferred levels of HDAC6 specificity for therapy. Citation Format: Stephen J. Shuttleworth. Design and development of a novel series of HDAC6-selective inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-8. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-8
Fire no respecter of American home
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Americans, appalled by crime statistics, suggest that "you're not even safe in your own home." The US Department of Commerce, for a different reason, tends to agree. Rather than crime, the commerce department has been looking at the danger to Americans from fire. If the problem continues as it has, 7,500 Americans will die in fires this year, two thirds of them in their own homes, and 310,000 people will be injured. Even at that, the department says, "the annual US fire death rate has declined slightly during the last 20 years, although it still is among the highest in the world." Does the same trend apply to fire-associated injuries? Department statisticians couldn't come up with enough information to make an assessment. They ruefully concede that "fire data currently available leave much to be desired in completeness, accuracy, and comparability." The commerce department is involved in the nation's fire problem
Comparative study of photodynamic therapy vs. CO<sub>2</sub>laser vaporization in treatment of condylomata acuminata, a randomized clinical trial
Authors: K. Chen, B.Z. Chang, M. Ju, X.H. Zhang, H. Gu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Most conventional therapies for condylomata acuminata (CA) are traumatic and have high recurrence rates.To investigate the efficacy and safety of topical application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of CA.Sixty-five patients with CA were allocated into the treatment (ALA-PDT) group and treated with 20% ALA solution under occlusive dressing for 3 h followed by irradiation with the helium-neon laser at a dose of 100 J cm(-2) and a power of 100 mW. Another 21 CA patients were allocated into the control group and treated with the CO(2) laser. The treatment was to be repeated 1 week later if the lesion was not completely removed after the first treatment.After one treatment, the complete removal rate was 95% in the ALA-PDT group and 100% in the control group. After two treatments with ALA-PDT, the complete removal rate in the treatment group was 100%. The recurrence rate for ALA-PDT group was 6.3% which was significantly lower than that in control group (19.1%, P < 0.05). Moreover, the proportion of patients with adverse effects in the ALA-PDT group (13.9%) was also significantly lower than that in control group (100%, P < 0.05). The side-effects in patients treated with ALA-PDT mainly included mild burning and/or stinging restricted to the illuminated area.The present study shows that topical application of ALA-PDT is a simpler, more effective and safer therapy with a lower recurrence for treatment of CA compared with conventional CO(2) laser therapy.
STUDIES OF HEPATIC EXCRETORY FUNCTION. THE EFFECT OF 17α-ETHYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE ON SULFOBROMOPHTHALEIN SODIUM (BSP) METABOLISM IN MAN*
Authors: J. Scherb, M. Kirschner, I. Arias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

The administration of large doses of 17a-ethyl19-nortestosterone to man is frequently associated with hyperbilirubinemia, with conjugated bilirubin in the serum and increased retention of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in the serum 45 minutes after the intravenous administration of 5 mg BSP per kg body weight (1). Light microscopy studies of hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections of liver reveal normal liver cells with occasional canalicular bile casts (2). Treatment of rats with 17a-ethyl-19-nortestosterone results in reduced capacity to excrete BSP and conjugated bilirubin in the bile (3). These observations suggest that the steroid may functionally inter
Does PTCA in Acute Myocardial Infarction Affect Mortality and Reinfarction Rates?
Authors: Karin B. Michels, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is often performed after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) either as an adjuvant to thrombolytic therapy or instead of thrombolysis. The effect of PTCA in AMI on mortality and reinfarction has remained unclear, with the available randomized trials indicating inconsistent results.A systematic overview (meta-analysis) of the randomized trials was conducted to assess the effect of PTCA in AMI on mortality and reinfarction rates. Data from 7 trials in which primary PTCA was evaluated and 16 trials in which PTCA after thrombolysis was studied were included in this overview, comprising a total of 8496 patient. The trials represented different approaches to the timing of PTCA after AMI. The trials of PTCA after thrombolytic therapy were also categorized according to the different protocols with respect to the routine or elective character of PTCA in the invasive group. A reduction in short-term (6 week) mortality (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33, 0.94) and in the combined outcome of short-term mortality and nonfatal reinfarction (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35, 0.80) was observed in the trials comparing primary PTCA with thrombolytic therapy. In contrast, in trials in which an approach of thrombolysis and PTCA was compared with thrombolytic therapy alone, there was no important difference in early mortality, with an apparent reduction in mortality between 6 and 52 weeks. The lower mortality between 6 and 52 weeks among 6-week survivors seemed to be restricted to the subgroup of trials in which PTCA was used as a routine strategy (odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39, 0.87).Although the analyses of the various categories of trials suggest that primary PTCA may be more beneficial than thrombolytic therapy in AMI, these data should be interpreted cautiously unless confirmed by larger studies. In contrast, the addition of various other strategies of PTCA to thrombolytic therapy does not convincingly indicate a clinically different outcome than if a more conservative strategy is followed, in which PTCA is used only if clinically indicated. Some specific strategies, however, such as rescue PTCA in high-risk patients with occluded arteries, may be of benefit.
A prospective study of psychiatric disorder and cognitive function in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: E M Hay, A Huddy, D Black, P Mbaya, B Tomenson, R M Bernstein, P J Lennox Holt, F Creed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVES--To investigate change in psychiatric disorder and change in cognitive function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) assessed on two occasions two years apart. METHODS--A prospective cohort study of 49 patients with SLE using standardised psychiatric and clinical research methods. RESULTS--The point prevalence of psychiatric disorder (20% and 24%), and of cognitive impairment (23% and 18%), was similar at first and second interview for the whole group. There was, however, considerable change in individual patient9s psychiatric status and cognitive function: only 1/9 patients with impairment on two or more cognitive tests at first interview was still impaired at second interview. Change in cognitive function appeared to mirror change in psychiatric status. CONCLUSIONS--These findings suggest that the previously reported high prevalence of cognitive impairment in SLE may be explained by coexisting psychiatric disorder, rather than reflecting subclinical central nervous system (CNS) involvement.
Intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration: antenatal diagnosis.
Authors: K J Ng, N Hasan, E S Gray, R R Jeffrey, G G Youngson
Journal: Thorax (1994)

A child with the antenatal diagnosis of pulmonary cystic adenomatoid malformation underwent thoracotomy and an intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration was found. Histological examination of the resected specimen showed cystic adenomatoid malformation within the sequestered segment.
PHARMACO INVASIVE THERAPY IN STEMI PATIENTS IN EMERGING COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT FROM THE DEVELOPED WORLD, COULD DECREASE MORTALITY COMPARED TO USUAL TREATMENT
Authors: Livia N. Matos, Antonio C. Carvalho, Iran Goncalves Jr, Adriano Barbosa, Elcio Tarkieltaub, Antonio C. Moreno, Joao L. Herrmann, Alfredo Eyer, Claudia Alves, Edson Stefanini, Juscelio T. Souza Filho, Guilherme M. Ferreira, Angelo A. de Paola
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cellular, but not direct, adenoviral delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor results in improved left ventricular function and neovascularization in dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arman Askari, Samuel Unzek, Corey K Goldman, Stephen G Ellis, James D Thomas, Paul E DiCorleto, Eric J Topol, Marc S Penn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Methacholine challenge does not affect bronchoalveolar fluid cell number and many indices of cell function in asthma
Authors: M Kraft, CM Bettinger, SE Wenzel, CG Irvin, SJ Ackerman, RJ Martin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Methacholine (MCh) challenge testing is often incorporated into clinical studies prior to performing bronchoscopy as a measure of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). However, the effect of methacholine on many aspects of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell count and function have not been fully evaluated. Ten patients with asthma, maintained on inhaled beta 2-agonists, were studied. Each subject underwent two bronchoscopies in a random order, one preceded by methacholine challenge within 30 min of the BAL. The investigators were blinded to the regimen. Several markers of BAL fluid cell number and function were studied: cell count and differential histamine, eosinophil products, including eosinophil cationic protein and Charcot-Leyden crystal protein, macrophage production of thromboxane B2 and leukotriene B4, neutrophil lysozyme and lactoferrin, and lymphocyte typing and activation markers measured via flow cytometry. No significant differences were noted in any of these markers of cell number or function which could be ascribed to methacholine challenge. Thus, methacholine challenge does not appear to affect these markers of cell number and function. These findings indicate that a methacholine challenge can be used as a measure of bronchial hyperresponsiveness within 30 min prior to bronchoscopy without altering bronchoalveolar lavage fluid characteristics.
ROUTINE TESTING FOR SUSPECTED LIGHT SENSITIVITY
Authors: W. Frain-Bell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article ROUTINE TESTING FOR SUSPECTED LIGHT SENSITIVITY Get access W. Frain‐Bell W. Frain‐Bell Department of Dermatology, University of Dundee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 5, 1 May 1969, Pages 381–382, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb14002.x Published: 01 May 1969
A Clinical Decision Analysis to Assess the Value of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in the Treatment of Gallstone Disease
Authors: Y. Habu, K. Hayashi, Y. Watanabe, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been introduced for gallstone therapy and its use appears currently to be spreading very rapidly. A clinical decision analysis was performed to assess this new technique by quantitative comparison with other therapeutic modalities. A decision tree-based state transition model implemented to simulate a five-year period of follow-up was constructed. Non-surgical treatments were superior to surgical treatments in enhancing both life expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy on the basis of the optimal indications; one radiolucent stone < 2 cm for extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and multiple floating stones for oral dissolution therapy respectively, especially in the elderly. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was superior to open cholecystectomy in enhancing the quality of life for all eligible patients. Sensitivity analysis revealed that a higher incidence of the bile duct injury resulting from laparoscopic cholecystectomy would result in a poorer quality-adjusted life expectancy. The results of the analysis suggest the following. Nonsurgical treatments are acceptable alternatives to surgery on the basis of their optimal indications. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has an advantage over open cholecystectomy in enhancing the patient's utility, and appears to be an attractive therapeutic modality. A proper training program is necessary to ensure the quality of this procedure in order to maintain its advantage.
Health care in Brazil.
Authors: A Haines
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Brazil has great geopolitical importance because of its size, environmental resources, and potential economic power. The organisation of its health care system reflects the schisms within Brazilian society. High technology private care is available to the rich and inadequate public care to the poor. Limited financial resources have been overconcentrated on health care in the hospital sector and health professionals are generally inappropriately trained to meet the needs of the community. However, recent changes in the organisation of health care are taking power away from federal government to state and local authorities. This should help the process of reform, but many vested interests remain to be overcome. A link programme between Britain and Brazil focusing on primary care has resulted in exchange of ideas and staff between the two countries. If primary care in Brazil can be improved it could help to narrow the health divide between rich and poor.
Lymphadenopathy-Associated Viral Antibody in AIDS
Authors: Jeffrey Laurence, Françoise Brun-Vezinet, Steven E. Schutzer, Christine Rouzioux, David Klatzmann, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Jean-Claude Chermann, Luc Montagnier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We investigated whether serologic evidence of lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), an exogenous human T-cell lymphotropic and cytopathic retrovirus, correlated with the acquisition and transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Serum from 17 of 25 patients with AIDS contained circulating IgG anti-LAV antibody (all of 5 adults with cancer and 6 of 12 adults and 6 of 8 children with opportunistic infections, with or without Kaposi's sarcoma). All of eight homosexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy or the AIDS-related complex and five homosexual men with AIDS prodromes who subsequently had AIDS were also seropositive. The anti-LAV antibody was not found in 99 of 100 healthy blood donors or in 23 patients with genetic immunodeficiencies, supporting the contention that LAV is unlikely to represent simply another opportunistic microorganism. An AIDS carrier state was indicated by the probable transfer of LAV from asymptomatic, immunologically competent mothers to their offspring. These data offer a basis for the hypotheses that LAV is a marker for AIDS, may be carried and transmitted in the absence of clinical findings or in vitro T-cell abnormalities, and is probably an etiologically important agent in AIDS and its prodromes.
Distress Over the Noneffect of Stress
Authors: Richard Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A recent article in<i>JAMA</i><sup>1</sup>concluded that while weight reduction and sodium reduction were effective nonpharmacologic interventions for subjects with high normal blood pressure, stress management and nutritional supplements were not. We have a number of concerns about the conclusion that stress management is ineffective. First, the mean reductions in blood pressure associated with stress management (-4.20 mmHg systolic and -5.53 mm Hg diastolic) were similar to those reported with weight reduction (-5.35 mm Hg systolic and -6.16 diastolic) and sodium reduction (-4.86 mm Hg systolic and -4.12 mm Hg diastolic). The lack of a statistically significant effect of stress management on blood pressure was due to a greater fall in blood pressure in the stress management control group (-3.27 mm Hg systolic and -4.71 mm Hg diastolic than in the control groups for weight reduction (-2.45 mm Hg systolic and -3.91 mm Hg diastolic) or
Thrombophlebitis Following Diazepam
Authors: David E. Langdon
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In our article, "Thrombophlebitis With Diazepam Used Intravenously" (223:184, 1973), we alluded to preliminary results of a controlled study using various flush media. The flush material was used in a double-blind manner except for the volume given. The results in 1,089 patients are shown in the Table. All cases not indicative of thrombophlebitis with a segment of 2 cm or more were included. The majority were of minor impact, but some were protracted and involved long vein segments. There was no statistical difference between the additives. As can be seen, volumes of 150 to 250 ml of saline were beneficial. Amnesia and rapidity of action are the prime advantages of diazepam by intravenous rather than intramuscular routes for endoscopy. In our endoscopy clinic during the past seven years, protracted long-segment phlebitis remains the only major complication of fiberoptic endoscopy. We still think diazepam is a premedication of