tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Wastage of family income on skin disease in Mexico
Authors: R J Hay, R E. Castanon, H A. Hernandez, G C. Lopez, L F L. Fuentes, S P. Solis, N Andersson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The interpretation of minor histological abnor- malities in this context is a challenge.None is patho- gnomonic of hepatitis C, but lymphoid aggregates (common in chronic hepatitis C5) were observed in a single biopsy specimen (activity index 5).Our patients would not have undergone biopsy outside the context of this study, and the prevalence of minor histological abnormalities in a comparable unselected population is not known.In conclusion, British blood donors with normal liver function and an indeterminate result on second generation recombinant immunoblot assay should be reassured that covert liver disease is most unlikely.Further investigation, including liver biopsy, is not indicated.Normal transaminase activities were a feature of our cohort.Viraemia and liver disease may be more likely whern liver function tests give abnormal results.
Inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation diminishes Huntington’s disease–associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Xing Guo, Marie-Helene Disatnik, Marie Monbureau, Mehrdad Shamloo, Daria Mochly-Rosen, Xin Qi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Huntington’s disease (HD) is the result of expression of a mutated Huntingtin protein (mtHtt), and is associated with a variety of cellular dysfunctions including excessive mitochondrial fission. Here, we tested whether inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission prevents mtHtt-induced pathology. We developed a selective inhibitor (P110-TAT) of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). We found that P110-TAT inhibited mtHtt-induced excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, improved mitochondrial function, and increased cell viability in HD cell culture models. P110-TAT treatment of fibroblasts from patients with HD and patients with HD with iPS cell–derived neurons reduced mitochondrial fragmentation and corrected mitochondrial dysfunction. P110-TAT treatment also reduced the extent of neurite shortening and cell death in iPS cell–derived neurons in patients with HD. Moreover, treatment of HD transgenic mice with P110-TAT reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, motor deficits, neuropathology, and mortality. We found that p53, a stress gene involved in HD pathogenesis, binds to DRP1 and mediates DRP1-induced mitochondrial and neuronal damage. Furthermore, P110-TAT treatment suppressed mtHtt-induced association of p53 with mitochondria in multiple HD models. These data indicate that inhibition of DRP1-dependent excessive mitochondrial fission with a P110-TAT–like inhibitor may prevent or slow the progression of HD.
Apparently life threatening events in infant car safety seats: Table 1
Authors: Shirley L Tonkin, Sally A Vogel, Laura Bennet, Alistair Jan Gunn
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Infant car safety seats are vital to protect young infants from injury and death in motor vehicle accidents. 1reterm infants and term infants with pre-existing health conditions are at risk of oxygen desaturation and secondary central apnoea while they are restrained in recommended semi-reclining infant car seats. 2 3 Recent studies have shown that mild oxygen desaturation can affect some full term infants, 4 5 although others found no effect on average saturation. 6None of these studies reported overt apnoea or bradycardia in full term infants during these mild events, but according to anecdotal reports term infants as well as preterm infants have died while in semi-reclined car safety seats. 7 8 To further investigate whether or under what circumstances these observations translate to a real risk for healthy full term infants, we prospectively examined all infants referred to the Auckland Cot Monitoring Service after an apparently life threatening event in early infancy.
Fulminant Hepatic Failure due to Genital Herpes in a Healthy Woman: Was She Healthy?
Authors: Edward J. Young
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rubin et al<sup>1</sup>reported a case of fatal fulminant hepatitis caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 in a previously healthy young woman. It may not be coincidental that the patient had been taking oral contraceptives. We reported a similar case of disseminated HSV-2 infection in a young woman during the third trimester of pregnancy.<sup>2</sup>Severe hepatitis was also a prominent feature of this patient's illness. Other cases of virus dissemination during pregnancy have generally been associated with primary herpesvirus infection.<sup>3</sup>Progesterone has been reported to enhance the growth of HSV-2 in experimental animals,<sup>4</sup>and pregnant mice are more susceptible to the lethal effects of genital herpes than nonpregnant littermates.<sup>5</sup> It is conceivable that pseudopregnancy induced by oral contraceptives produces immunosuppression sufficient to permit dissemination of virus in a host who has had no prior immunity to either HSV-1 or HSV-2.
Whole-genome integrative analysis reveals expression signatures predicting transformation in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Marianne Brodtkorb, Ole Christian Lingjærde, Kanutte Huse, Gunhild Trøen, Marit Hystad, Vera I. Hilden, June H. Myklebust, Ellen Leich, Andreas Rosenwald, Jan Delabie, Harald Holte, Erlend B. Smeland
Journal: Blood (2013)
A Modified Enrichment Method to Construct Microsatellite Library from Plateau Pika Genome (Ochotona curzoniae)
Authors: Jianing Geng, Kexin Li, Yanming Zhang, Songnian Hu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

Abstract A microsatellite-enriched library of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) was constructed according to the strong affinity between biotin and streptavidin. Firstly, genomic DNA was fragmented by ultrasonication, which is a major improvement over traditional methods. Linker-ligated DNA fragments were hybridized with biotinylated microsatellite probes, and then were subjected to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. PCR amplification was performed to obtain double-stranded DNA fragments containing microsatellites. Ligation and transformation were carried out by using the pGEM-T Vector System I and Escherichia coli DH10B competent cells. Sequencing results showed that 80.2% of clones contained microsatellite repeat motif. Several modifications make this protocol time-efficient and technically easier than the traditional ones; particularly, composition and relative abundance of microsatellite repeats in plateau pika genome were truly represented through the optimized PCR conditions. This method has also been successfully applied to construct microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries of Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) and small abalone [Haliotis diversicolor (Reeve)] with high rates of positive clones, demonstrating its feasibility and stability.
Abstract 270: Compensatory and non-compensatory alterations in LNCaP gene expression following antisense therapy directed against bcl-2
Authors: Marvin Rubenstein, Courtney MP Hollowell, Patrick Guinan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) have been employed against in vivo and in vitro prostate cancer models targeting proteins associated with growth and programmed death (apoptosis). In LNCaP cells we evaluated monospecific (directed towards bcl-2) and bispecific (directed towards bcl-2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]) oligos which targeted and comparably suppressed the expression of bcl-2, an apoptosis inhibitory protein. Antisense oligos directed against bcl-2 are entering clinical trials and it was of interest to see: 1) Whether such therapy would produce non-specific effects which could compromise its’ efficacy; and 2) To identify genes whose activity, if diminished, may have to be either maintained or replaced for this type of therapy to be effective. Cells were evaluated for the expression of non-targeted genes associated with apoptosis (caspase-3, clusterin); androgen regulation (androgen receptor [AR], p300), cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, interferon [IFN]); antigen expression (prostate specific antigen [PSA], prostate specific membrane antigen [PSMA], prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP]); and autocrine growth (insulin like growth factor [IGF1]). As expected in this type of specific gene therapy, most non-targeted proteins were unaffected. However, the expression of several non-targeted genes were altered. Following the suppression of bcl-2 activity by both mono- and bispecific oligos, LNCaP cells compensated by both suppression of caspase-3 activity (an apoptosis promoter) and enhanced expression of both AR and its’ p300 co-activator. This suggests both an ability to reverse the effects of bcl-2 suppression on apoptosis through decreased expression of the apoptosis promoter and a possible stimulation of growth due to increased androgen sensitivity. It also identifies caspase-3 as an essential gene whose expression must be either maintained or replaced when bcl-2 activity is therapeutically suppressed. Among the differentiation antigens, cell surface PSMA expression was increased by bispecific oligos, whereas secretory PSA and PAP were unchanged. This PSMA increase was associated with an increased IFN expression induced by a unique double strand conformation (intrastrand hybridization) of the bispecific oligos not seen in the monospecific oligo. Increased PSMA expression could make LNCaP cells more recognizable to cytotoxic T cells and/or potentiate prostate cancer vaccines. If gene therapy is truly to be effective, the mechanisms for compensatory changes which contribute to tumor resistance must be further identified and controlled. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 270. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-270
Response to Comment on Shore et al. Association Between Hyperglycemia at Admission During Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction and Subsequent Diabetes: Insights From the Veterans Administration Cardiac Care Follow-up Clinical Study. Diabetes Care 2014;37:409–418
Authors: Supriya Shore, Thomas M. Maddox
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We thank Meloni et al. (1) for sharing their observations with us. As their study closely agrees with ours (2) in a different patient population, it reinforces the importance of identifying admission hyperglycemia as a possible marker of previously unrecognized or incident diabetes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Prior studies have shown the high …
Formation and Reverberation of Sequential Neural Activity Patterns Evoked by Sensory Stimulation Are Enhanced during Cortical Desynchronization
Authors: Edgar J. Bermudez Contreras, Andrea Gomez Palacio Schjetnan, Arif Muhammad, Peter Bartho, Bruce L. McNaughton, Bryan Kolb, Aaron J. Gruber, Artur Luczak
Journal: Neuron (2013)
549. Peripheral Gene Delivery of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Alleviated Neurological Deficits in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Guei-Sheung Liu, Chiou-Lian Lai, Sheng-Long Howng, Ming-Hong Tai
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The neurological deficit in peripheral nerves is one of the major complications associated with diabetes. Deprivation of trophic factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy while restored expression of neurotrophic factors could ameliorate such sensory abnormalities. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor that effectively prevents neuronal death and restores the synapse conduction during trauma of central nervous system. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of GDNF gene delivery for neuropathy in diabetic rats. After injection of streptozotocin for 14 days, a reduction in nerve conduction velocity (NCV) with a concomitant increment in H-reflex was detected in diabetic rats by electrophysiological studies. Single, intramuscular (IM) injection of adenovirus encoding GDNF (Ad-GDNF) led to systemic GDNF expression for at least 35 days. Besides, the declined GDNF level in sciatic nerve was also restored by GDNF gene delivery. After gene delivery for 2-4 weeks, Ad-GDNF-treated rats exhibited a significant increment in NCV (P<0.05) and a concomitant decrease in H-reflex latency (P<0.05) comparing with animals of control groups. IM GDNF gene delivery was well tolerant to diabetic rats without affecting their biochemical parameters Therefore, peripheral GDNF gene delivery may hold potential for treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
The Harris Prostatectomy
Authors: C. Morson
Journal: BMJ (1938)

<h3>Objective</h3> To study the risk for injuries/accidents in people with newly diagnosed epileptic seizures in relation to comorbidities. <h3>Methods</h3> Between September 1, 2001, and August 31, 2008, individuals in northern Stockholm with incident unprovoked seizures (epilepsy; n = 2,130) were included in a registry. For every epilepsy patient, 8 individuals matched for sex and inclusion year (n = 16,992) were randomly selected as references from the population of the catchment area. Occurrence of injuries/accidents was monitored through the national patient and cause of death registers until December 31, 2013. These registers also provided information on comorbidities (e.g., brain tumor, stroke, psychiatric disease, diabetes mellitus). <h3>Results</h3> Injury/accident was demonstrated in 1,033 epilepsy cases and 6,202 references (hazard ratio [HR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.60–1.83). The excess risk was seen mainly during the first 2 years after diagnosis. Sex and educational status had no significant effect on HR. The risk was normal in children but increased in adults. Highest HR was seen for drowning, poisoning, adverse effect of medication, and severe traumatic brain injury. Compared to references without comorbidities, HR was 1.17 (1.07–1.28) in epilepsy without comorbidities, 4.52 (4.18–4.88) in references with comorbidities, and 7.15 (6.49–7.87) in epilepsy with comorbidities. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Presence of comorbidities should be considered when counseling patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy concerning risk for injuries/accidents. Early information is important, as the risk is highest during the first 2 years following seizure onset.
THE FETISH OF TRIPLY DISTILLED WATER
Authors: Richard Lewisohn
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In answer to the communication by Elser and Stillman, we wish to submit the following data, which have been stressed in our recent article on the "Prevention of Chills Following Transfusion of Citrated Blood." Our paper refers mainly to the various factors which were found from experience to be of extreme importance in the prevention of chills following transfusions. In our hands single distilled and doubly distilled water were found to be ineffective in the prevention of chills for citrate transfusions. The best results were obtained only with triply distilled water. We have also stressed the importance of the preparation of the instruments in the central supply room, the slow infusion, and the mutual tests prior to transfusions. The problem concerning the use of intravenous saline solution and dextrose is somewhat different. The number of chills following the administration of such substances is considerably less than the
Successful treatment with prothrombin complex concentrate of postoperative bleeding in a haemophiliac with a factor VIII inhibitor.
Authors: G D Lowe, A Harvie, C D Forbes, C R Prentice
Journal: BMJ (1976)

thyroid, and increased lipofuscin deposition.Increasing use of mino- cycline could produce additional examples.Pigmentation of the thyroid need not cause functional upset.However, nuclear pyknosis indicates epithelial damage, and the studies of Benitz et al showed that minocycline has an antithyroid effect.Patients on long-term minocycline should have their thyroid function monitored.
Cytotoxicity of heated chrysotile
Authors: Hisato Hayashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Cytotoxicity and hemolysis were studied in chrysotile and quartz. The biological activity of the surface seemed to be different between chrysotile and quartz. Quartz lost its cytotoxicity on heating over about 500°C. However chrysotile showed remarkable toxicity and induced hemolysis on heating between 650 and 800°C, compared with the original unheated specimens. The mice injected intraperitoneally with minerals heated in this temperature range generally died within 48 hr after injection, while those injected with untreated chrysotile or chrysotile heated in the other heat ranges did not. The products in this range were highly disorded materials. It was assumed that the change of biological effects resulting from heat treatment may be related to the disordered state of chrysotile in the process of transformation into forsterite. The relationship between chemical character and cytotoxicity of the heated chrysotile specimens was also studied.
India to control foreign research involving Indian patients
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Indian government has signalled that it will no longer tolerate trials of new or unproved treatments when they are carried out exclusively in Indian patients.



New treatments are frequently tested in India RON GILING/PANOS PICTURES



The Indian Council of Medical Research has refused to fund fetal tissue transplantation trials for retinitis pigmentosa under a protocol developed by Indian and United States scientists on the grounds that the proposed experiments would not include US volunteers. …
Evolution of the lesion of discoid lupus erythematosus: a comparison with lichen planus
Authors: M.G. DAVIES, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Evolution of the lesion of discoid lupus erythematosus: a comparison with lichen planus Get access M.G. DAVIES, M.G. DAVIES Department of Medicine, Welsh National School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. MARKS R. MARKS Department of Medicine, Welsh National School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 3, 1 September 1977, Pages 313–322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb15189.x Published: 01 September 1977
Oral Treatment Targeting the Unfolded Protein Response Prevents Neurodegeneration and Clinical Disease in Prion-Infected Mice
Authors: Julie A. Moreno, Mark Halliday, Colin Molloy, Helois Radford, Nicholas Verity, Jeffrey M. Axten, Catharine A. Ortori, Anne E. Willis, Peter M. Fischer, David A. Barrett, Giovanna R. Mallucci
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

During prion disease, an increase in misfolded prion protein (PrP) generated by prion replication leads to sustained overactivation of the branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that controls the initiation of protein synthesis. This results in persistent repression of translation, resulting in the loss of critical proteins that leads to synaptic failure and neuronal death. We have previously reported that localized genetic manipulation of this pathway rescues shutdown of translation and prevents neurodegeneration in a mouse model of prion disease, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of this pathway might be of therapeutic benefit. We show that oral treatment with a specific inhibitor of the kinase PERK (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), a key mediator of this UPR pathway, prevented UPR-mediated translational repression and abrogated development of clinical prion disease in mice, with neuroprotection observed throughout the mouse brain. This was the case for animals treated both at the preclinical stage and also later in disease when behavioral signs had emerged. Critically, the compound acts downstream and independently of the primary pathogenic process of prion replication and is effective despite continuing accumulation of misfolded PrP. These data suggest that PERK, and other members of this pathway, may be new therapeutic targets for developing drugs against prion disease or other neurodegenerative diseases where the UPR has been implicated.
BARODENERVATION DENERVATION OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE RENAL ARTERY
Authors: Andreas Synetos, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Maria Drakopoulou, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Dimitris Tousoulis, George Agrogiannis, Efstratios Patsouris, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in the Classroom
Authors: Allyson C. Rosen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgment The author is supported by a K award (K01AG025157) and the Sierra-Pacific MIRECC (Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center), Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System.
Recurrent Epistaxis from Malarial Influence
Authors: E. M. Sinclair
Journal: BMJ (1876)

55'r more so to vie with each other in the common cause of humanity.Then, perhaps, they may come to acknowledge the truth of the saying of Cicero in his oration Pro Li, aiio, " Neque enim ulla alia re homines propijus ad Deos accedant, quam salutem hominibus dando".
European GPs raise profile
Authors: T Richards
Journal: BMJ (1994)

All doctors should have postgraduate training in general practice before they start higher training schemes, says a European consensus report on future training in general practice. Those who then wish to become general practitioners will have to undergo a further three years' training, half of which should be in general practice.

The duration of this mandatory exposure to general practice is not specified, but doctors could be asked to do a preregistration job in general practice in addition to the traditional …
Methaqualone-Meprobamate Poisoning
Authors: Simon Gitelson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Poisoning by a combination of methaqualone and meprobamate in three patients produced the following: coma, frequent variations in pupillary width and reaction to light, episodes of increased muscle tone with overstretching of the extremities alternating with flaccidity, muscle fasciculations, hyperreflexia, fall in blood pressure and respiration rate. The severity of the signs was related to the degree of drug overdosage. Treatment included gastric lavage, parenteral fluids, pressure amines, and antibiotics. Unsuspected combined methaqualonemeprobamate poisoning may cause diagnostic difficulties.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: W. A. Ketterer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This small, attractively printed, easy-to-read book might be more appropriately entitled,<i>Papers on Venereal Diseases and a Few Related Entities</i>. Many who read<i>Sexually Transmitted Diseases</i>would hope to find much needed information about the array of conditions commonly observed today among sexually active patients. Not so. Other than a good chapter on genital herpes placed near the end of the text, this book contains little or no material on trichomoniasis, candidiasis,<i>Hemophilus vaginalis</i>vaginitis, condylomata acuminata, pediculosis pubis, scabies, nonspecific urethritis, molluscum contagiosum, the TRIC virus, Reiter syndrome, trauma, foreign bodies, and miscellaneous bacterial vaginitides and penile infections. More than 80% of the subject matter encompasses the five classical venereal diseases— largely the diagnosis, therapy, and laboratory aspects of syphilis and gonorrhea. Many well-known, prolific writers contribute 15 papers, which comprise the text. Opening with an excellent discussion of treponemal evolution, the subsequent chapters cover management of the venereal