tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Creatine Kinase
Authors: Charles P. Turley
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  We would like to comment on the article by C. Jack Bark, MD (1980;24:2058), in which he postulates that a creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme migrating cathodically to the CK-MM band represents mitochondrial CK.  Although it has been generally accepted that the commercially produced reagents inhibit adenylate kinase (AK) activity in CK electrophoretic isoenzyme separations, experience in our laboratory has shown otherwise. Using the same system as Bark, we have detected the presence of bands cathodic to CK-MM that were caused by uninhibited AK. 1 We have also found cathodically migrating bands that are susceptible to antibodies directed against the M-subunit of CK, suggesting the possibility of altered electrophoretic mobility caused by binding of an exogenous substance or genetic variability, without affecting the binding site. We would therefore caution against interpreting the cathodic CK bands as being of mitochondrial origin, unless definitive additional studies including the use of
Hypertension in the Elderly
Authors: Irwin R. Callen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The topic chosen for this book is currently one of the most important in internal medicine and cardiology. Hypertension is an important risk factor in heart disease, and its complications form a large part of the practice of medicine, particularly geriatric medicine. Therefore, the volume is timely. It is small, light, and easily carried. The type is large enough to be read easily, and the bibliography is excellent and up-to-date (1982). The authors, in 221 pages and seven chapters, cover the epidemiology of hypertension as a risk factor and six other topics. These include the physiology of aging of the cardiovascular system, the diagnosis and evaluation of hypertension in the elderly, the classification of hypertensive disease, the nonpharmacologic management of hypertension, the pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs, and the management of specific problems associated with hypertension. In addition to the advantages already noted, one page is devoted to a short curriculum
Additional Lunchtime Basal Insulin During Insulin Lispro Intensive Therapy in a Randomized, Multicenter, Crossover Study in Adults
Authors: Aline M.E. Stades, Joost B.L. Hoekstra, Ingeborg van den Tweel, D. Willem Erkelens, Frits Holleman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—This study was performed to evaluate whether an additional dose of NPH insulin at lunchtime might overcome the deleterious effects of waning basal insulinemia on pre-dinner and evening glucose values during insulin lispro intensive therapy with once daily basal insulin at night. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study was a 10-month multicenter, randomized, crossover trial. After a 2-month run-in period, subjects injected NPH insulin once (1 × NPH) or twice (2 × NPH) daily for 4 months in a randomized order. Adult patients were included if they had HbA1c levels &amp;lt;8.5%. Efficacy measures were HbA1c levels, 8-point glucose profiles, and the frequency of hypoglycemia. The statistical analysis included a within-patient comparison for crossover trials. RESULTS—In all, 104 patients completed the trial. The mean HbA1c level before randomization was 7.1 ± 0.85%. The HbA1c levels did not change significantly within patients (t test, mean difference = 0.06%; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.073 to 0.20). The pre-dinner blood glucose values were significantly lower during the 2 × NPH daily protocol, with a mean difference of 0.76 mmol/l (t test, P = 0.004; CI 0.25 to 1.3). In the evening, the frequency of hypoglycemia increased significantly during the 2 × NPH daily protocol with a median difference of 0.56 mild episodes/30 days (P = 0.001) and 6.9 severe episodes/patient year (P = 0.007), respectively. CONCLUSIONS—Equal HbA1c levels and increasing frequencies of hypoglycemia in the evening overshadow the slight improvement of the evening glucose profiles during a regimen with 2 × NPH daily insulin. Therefore, generalized use of a second injection of NPH insulin at lunchtime cannot be recommended to all adult patients with type 1 diabetes using intensive insulin lispro therapy.
249 Risk factors and patterns of extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: W.J. Chung, H.S. Lee, S.Y. Kim, Y.S. Lee, K.W. Chung, B.K. Jang, K.S. Park, K.B. Cho, J.S. Hwang, S.H. Ahn
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The TNF-ligand APRIL can control CIA by regulating antibody-production and stimulating anti-inflammatory IL-10 producing B cells
Authors: L. Fernandez, G. F. Salinas, C. Rocha, C. Carvalho, N. Yeremenko, J. P. Medema, B. Combe, D. Baeten, J. Morel, M. Hahne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Increased levels of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) -ligand APRIL (A Proliferation Inducing Ligand) were found in synovial fluid and serum of patients with inflammatory arthritis pointing to a pro-inflammatory role of APRIL. APRIL can bind to BCMA and TACI, two receptors of the TNF family, which can also bind the B cell activating factor (BAFF). In the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), administration of TACI-Ig was found to prevent disease progression and to lower disease scores, compared with controls. As TACI binds both APRIL and BAFF, it remained to be determined, whether this effect was due to the capacity of TACI to block just one or both ligands. <h3>Methods</h3> CIA was induced in APRIL-transgenic (Tg) DBA/1 mice and littermates. Severity of disease was scored for each paw using a scale 0–4. In addition, mice were analysed for histological signs of arthritis. Anticollagen antibody titers were determined by ELISA. Lymphocyte populations in draining lymph nodes, spleen and peritoneum were analysed by FACS. In another experimental setting mice were exposed to the collagen antibodies induced arthritis (CAIA). In addition, we employed models fort contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). For the former, APRIL Tg and control mice were sensitised and challenged at the ear with oxazolone. EAE was induced by immunising mice with MOG, a myelin peptide, in adjuvant. <h3>Results</h3> APRIL Tg mice displayed in contrast to littermates a lower disease score and incidence of arthritis, and also produced less collagen specific antibodies. Joints of littermates had higher IgG levels and increased number of degranulating, thus activated, mast cells. To confirm that the decreased IgG levels developed in the CIA model in APRIL Tg mice are directly linked to the less severe disease development, we employed the model of CAIA. In fact, disease development in CAIA was similar in APRIL Tg and control mice. In addition, we detected a significantly increased IL-10 production of peritoneal B cells in APRIL Tg mice in the CIA model. Evidence is accumulating that IL-10 producing B cells can regulate autoimmune diseases including arthritis. The regulatory role of APRIL by modulating activity IL-10-producing B was confirmed in the CHS and EAE model. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results show that APRIL can control inflammation in the three tested disease models CIA, CHS and EAE. This suggests a therapeutic potential of APRIL agonists to downregulate inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Can quantum probability help analyze the behavior of functional brain networks?
Authors: Arpan Banerjee, Barry Horwitz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Pothos &amp; Busemeyer (P&amp;B) argue how key concepts of quantum probability, for example, order/context, interference, superposition, and entanglement, can be used in cognitive modeling. Here, we suggest that these concepts can be extended to analyze neurophysiological measurements of cognitive tasks in humans, especially in functional neuroimaging investigations of large-scale brain networks.
GW25-e4289 CHA2DS2-VASc Score is Predictive of Longitudinal and Circumferential Left Ventricular Mechanics Impairment and Dyssynchrony in Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Song Nianpeng, Gong Huiping, Zhen Xiaowen, Wang Hua, Li Yihui, Zhang Yun, Zhang Wei, Zhong Ming
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PHARMACOLOGY OF STROPHANTHUS.
Authors: E. MARK HOUGHTON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

To Professor Fraser, more than to any one else, belongs the honor of having brought this drug to the notice of the medical profession, and for having determined in a general way its pharmacology and clinical value. I shall not discuss the botany, chemistry or therapeutics of the drug, as these questions have been treated in an appropriate manner by others. I have verified nearly all the important points made in this paper by experiments on animals, using for this purpose freshly isolated strophanthin, and 5 per cent. tinctures, tested by pharmacologic methods, prepared from drugs bought on the open market as strophanthus kombé. The strophanthin from this source is as active as the best strophanthin procurable, and more so than the majority of samples, which vary greatly in strength. Indeed, it was nearly one hundred times as strong as one lot which I examined, and which was claimed to
Oral Base Replacement in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: JOHN C. VAN STONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

In a double-blind study, 12 patients on chronic hemodialysis received daily an average of 1.3 meq/kg body weight of oral sodium citrate for 8 weeks and a placebo solution for 8 weeks. Sodium citrate corrected predialysis metabolic acidosis (plasma pH 7.41 compared to 7.35; serum bicarbonate, 21.1 compared to 17.0 meq/L) and the plasma arterial PCO2 was higher (33.8 compared to 31.2). Postdialysis serum bicarbonate was slightly higher, 22.7 compared to 21.0 but there was no significant difference in arterial pH. Weight gain between dialysis periods was 0.4 kg higher with sodium citrate (2.9 compared to 2.5 kg). There were no significant differences in other routine values, blood pressure, or symptoms during dialysis. Similar results were found in patients on acetate dialysate and in patients on bicarbonate dialysate.
THE INFLUENCE OF UROLOGY ON LONGEVITY
Authors: B. A. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The pessimistic Euripides states  not to be born is best, and next, to die as soon as possible. Unfortunates, therefore, as human beings we exist, irrespective of our responsibility for our presence; but, contrary to the philosopher's advice, it seems to be a fundamental trait of human nature to want to live as long as possible, and man and medicine have ever striven to promote the public health and lengthen the span of life.  What should be the normal span of life? Dr Darlington 1 tells me it is very doubtful whether the prevalent idea of three score and ten  taken from the prayer of Moses, 2 should be our goal, since there is better biblical authority 3 that a man's days shall be a hundred and twenty years,  every one dies prematurely,  no one dies of old age, and  even Methuselah, the oldest man,
Abstract 3935: AnnexinA2 regulates invasion and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through Semaphorin3d.
Authors: Kelly Foley, Donger Zhou, Qian Xiao, Agnieszka Rucki, Guanglan Mo, Lanqing Huang, Anirban Maitra, Elizabeth Jaffee, Lei Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), a devastating disease with a median survival of less than six months, is characterized by its high metastatic ability and a lack of effective therapies. The mechanisms involved in promoting metastasis of PDA have yet to be elucidated. We recently identified AnnexinA2 (AnxA2) as a PDA-associated antigen. Tyr23 phosphorylated AnxA2 promotes metastasis of PDA cells, while shRNA knockdown, knockout or therapeutic inhibition of AnxA2 prevents metastasis to the liver in a mouse model. To identify downstream mediators of AnxA2 signaling, we evaluated gene expression differences in cell lines derived from the primary tumors of mice that express AnxA2 (KPC) and are metastatic or lack AnxA2 expression (KPCA) and are unable to metastasize. Using microarray analysis, we observed that expression of the ligand-receptor pair Semaphorin3d (Sema3d) and PlexinD1 (PlxnD1) was significantly down regulated in the non-metastatic KPCA cells. Sema3d and PlxnD1 were first identified as axon guidance genes. However, recently, axon guidance genes, including Sema3d and PlxnD1, were recently found by the International Cancer Genome Consortium to be among the cellular pathways that are most frequently altered by genetic mutations and amplification in human PDA (Biankin 2012). Therefore, we hypothesized that AnxA2 interacts with Sema3d and PlxnD1 in PDA to induce metastasis. We confirmed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis in multiple independent tumors from KPC and KPCA mice that Sema3d and PlxnD1 expression is down regulated in the absence of AnxA2 expression. AnxA2, Sema3d and PlxnD1 colocalize at the cell surface during pancreatic tumor development when AnxA2 is expressed. Interestingly, co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated a direct interaction between Sema3d and AnxA2 in PDA cells supporting our hypothesis that AnxA2 regulates the secretion of Sema3d from PDA cells to enable its paracrine interaction with PlxnD1 resulting in invasion of PDA cells. Clinically, we have found that Sema3d expression correlates with increased lymphovascular invasion, increased perineural invasion, poor survival and increased metastatic potential in human PDA patients. Therefore, understanding the pathways that lead to metastasis of PDA will enable the development of more effective therapeutics and better clinical outcomes. Citation Format: Kelly Foley, Donger Zhou, Qian Xiao, Agnieszka Rucki, Guanglan Mo, Lanqing Huang, Anirban Maitra, Elizabeth Jaffee, Lei Zheng. AnnexinA2 regulates invasion and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through Semaphorin3d. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3935. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3935
In Vivo Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract - Toward Optical Biopsy
Authors: S. Jäckle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schröder, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new technique for high-resolution cross-sectional imaging using infrared light. It has over 10 times the resolution of the currently available ultrasonography. Although in vitro studies have suggested its potential for gastrointestinal imaging, in vivo studies have not been possible so far on account of technical limitations.We describe here the first clinical study of OCT during routine endoscopy obtaining high resolution images of the normal esophageal, gastric, and colonic mucosa. Portable OCT equipment and a fiberoptic-based flexible probe for endoscopic use have been developed by the authors.Differences in the optical properties of epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, and submucosa enabled distinction of the mucosal architecture. Owing to the low penetration depth (1 mm) and high resolution (10 microm), OCT images may become comparable to mucosal histological findings. Image acquisition time was 1.5 seconds, and the entire procedure was completed within 5 minutes. Endoscopic OCT images of colonic adenoma and carcinoma were also studied and compared with the corresponding histology.The newly developed portable OCT equipment and flexible fiberoptic probe makes OCT a promising method for endoscopic "optical biopsy".
Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangement patterns in acute lymphoblastic leukemia are less mature in adults than in children: implications for selection of PCR targets for detection of minimal residual disease
Authors: T Szczepański, AW Langerak, ILM Wolvers-Tettero, GJ Ossenkoppele, G Verhoef, M Stul, EJ Petersen, MAC de Bruijn, MB van’t Veer, JJM van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
Molecular basis of variant pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy (mucolipidosis IIIC)
Authors: Annick Raas-Rothschild, Valerie Cormier-Daire, Ming Bao, Emmanuelle Genin, Remi Salomon, Kevin Brewer, Marsha Zeigler, Hanna Mandel, Steve Toth, Bruce Roe, Arnold Munnich, William M. Canfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Mucolipidosis IIIC, or variant pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy, is an autosomal recessive disease of lysosomal hydrolase trafficking. Unlike the related diseases, mucolipidosis II and IIIA, the enzyme affected in mucolipidosis IIIC (N-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase [GlcNAc-phosphotransferase]) retains full transferase activity on synthetic substrates but lacks activity on lysosomal hydrolases. Bovine GlcNAc-phosphotransferase has recently been isolated as a multisubunit enzyme with the subunit structure α2β2γ2. We cloned the cDNA for the human γ-subunit and localized its gene to chromosome 16p. We also showed, in a large multiplex Druze family that exhibits this disorder, that MLIIIC also maps to this chromosomal region. Sequence analysis of the γ-subunit cDNA in patients from 3 families identified a frameshift mutation, in codon 167 of the γ subunit, that segregated with the disease, indicating MLIIIC results from mutations in the phosphotransferase γ-subunit gene. This is to our knowledge the first description of the molecular basis for a human mucolipidosis and suggests that the γ subunit functions in lysosomal hydrolase recognition.
1255 miR-101 IN STEATOSIS AND STEATOHEPATITIS OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)
Authors: N. Elfimova, K. Ommer, M. Schlattjan, J.P. Sowa, I. Wedemeyer, M. Vantler, H.P. Dienes, A. Canbay, M. Odenthal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A RARE AFFECTION OF THE EYE: CONGENITAL IRIDEREMIA.
Authors: FLAVEL B. TIFFANY
Journal: JAMA (1899)

L. M. W., a girl of 12 years, was brought to my office by Dr. T. S. Greer of Edgerton, Kan., Feb. 15, 1899. As the Doctor presented the child with her father, he said that he thought he had a very singular case. Looking at the child's eyes, I remarked to him: "You have succeeded, Doctor, in dilating the pupil<i>ad maximum</i>," to which he replied, "No, I have never used any mydriatic in this case, nor has the girl taken any medicine that would induce mydriasis." Upon a closer examination I discovered that instead of the pupils being dilated, there was an absence of all the iris excepting a narrow rim at the ciliary border, about 1.5 mm. wide (Figs. 1 and 2), and this was ragged or serrated, having no circular fibers. There was a slight scallop at the zenith of both irides. (Fig. 2). By either
German doctors and politicians disagree on reimbursement for homoeopathy
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A recent spate of demands in the United Kingdom that homoeopathic treatments no longer be provided on the NHS has prompted a debate in Germany about the place of homoeopathy in its health service.

Despite the fact that some German pharmacology experts would like to see public health insurers cease paying for it, the German Medical Association (Bundesarztekammer) has come out in favour of keeping its reimbursement.

The association’s president, Jorg-Dietrich Hoppe, has defended homoeopathic treatment in an official statement. He said that despite the lack of scientific evidence for its effectiveness homoeopathy was an important part of medicine. It was especially effective in treating travel sickness and general malaise but also in preventing disease, he said.

He was backed by the federal health minister, Philipp Rosler, …
Comparison of the Thrombotest with the Modified Quick Test
Authors: MILTON SHOSHKES, MELVIN ODZE, Paul J. Lasser
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Forty-five patients, given anticoagulant therapy with prothrombinopenic drugs, were given 10 mg. of phytonadione intravenously. Thrombotest prothrombin times and modified Quick-test prothrombin times were compared as indices for measuring the resulting increase in prothrombin times. These increases were similar generally for both tests. The thrombotest times were lower, approximately 0.5 to 0.67 of the comparable Quick-test times, and on several occasions, grossly inaccurate results were found with the thrombotest. Blood samples stored for 24 hours in Lusteroid tubes lost a significant reproducibility of thrombotest time. Therapeutic thrombotest-time levels are inadequate for acceptable hypoprothrombinemia as judged by the Quick-test times.
Sick Absence in Munition Workers
Authors: A. Massey, R. C. M. Pearson
Journal: BMJ (1942)

The medical profession has a vital contribution to, make at the present time in the battle of production.In the fourth year of war, factory workers may begin to feel the strain unless working hours and conditions continue to be deter- mined on scientific lines to ensure compatibility with optimum output.In this and allied matters medical opinion is indispensable.Moreov'er,it is of course important to minimize loss of working time due to manifest sickness,, and for this .reasoncontinued research into the medical aspects of absenteeism is necessary.In this connexion the figures relating to a recent inquirywe have made.may be of interest.for males,' the age -factor may have a bearing.The average age of male employees is probably greater because~of the partial comb-out of younger men for the fighting Forces-, whereas among females the youfng preponderate.It is con- ceivable that the increasing recruitment to industry of older married' women, made possible by the large-scale wartime nursery provision, may tend in future to increase somewhat the percentage of sickness absenteeism among females.The greater physical demands generally made of males by the nature of their work is also a relevant factor, although this is set off to some extent by the greater liability of females to nervous disabilities connected with the repetitive work allotted to them.
Recognition and Treatment of Sleep Disturbances in Cancer
Authors: Sonia Ancoli-Israel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

various established interventions, risks of treatment-related complications, potential risks and benefits of investigational therapies.The risk of contralateral breast cancer and its management are already part of many discussions at initial diagnosis and should be emphasized, but not overemphasized.As Graeser et al 12 have shown, knowledge of BRCA1/2 mutation status may inform this aspect of the discussion, providing reassurance to women whose genetic testing is negative and stratified information to mutation carriers on which to base some difficult decisions.While the data should further impel us to find better nonsurgical ways of preventing breast cancer in women at risk-including breast cancer survivors and women with and without inherited susceptibilities-for the moment, at least, we can provide ever more reliable and refined information with which to personalize our patients' care.
An Address on Renal Inadequacy
Authors: A. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1883)

THB BRZTIBS MNDIOAL JOUR3VAL.845 found and considered, for individuals vary extremely.It is not a rare observation, and I have one before me, where the easy birth of a single child exhaued the fecundity of a healthy woman twenty.five years of age at the time of the birth, and completely ruined her general health during the rem child-bearing period of life.This woman was examined byrmay physicians, and all concurred in finding no cause of weakness ad inability but child-bearing.On