tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3975: Regression of established tumors requires timely adoptive T cell transfer following whole body irradiation.
Authors: Eugene M. Cozza, Lynn R. Budgeon, Neil D. Christensen, Todd D. Schell
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Adoptive immunotherapy with CD8+ T cells has achieved some success in treating established cancer. Response rates are increased by preconditioning the patient with lymphodepleting whole body irradiation (WBI) prior to T cell transfer, including an increased fraction of complete responses. Using a mouse model of autochthonous brain cancer, we previously demonstrated that adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T cells following WBI promotes complete regression of established tumors and long-term survival. However, the mechanisms required to achieve complete responses remain to be defined. Here we investigate kinetic requirements for adoptive T cell transfer to achieve tumor control following WBI. To test the hypothesis that adoptive transfer early after irradiation is required for maximum long-term tumor control, we delayed adoptive transfer of T cells to tumor-bearing mice at varying intervals following irradiation. We show that delay of adoptive transfer did not affect initial T cell priming or the timing of initial appearance of activated T cells at the tumor site. However, we observed a modest decrease in T cell accumulation at the earliest appearance of cells in the brain (5 days post-transfer). Tumors were completely eliminated within 10 days in mice that received T cell transfer one day following WBI, while delayed transfer abrogated this effect. When adoptive transfer was delayed by one week following WBI, incomplete tumor regression was observed at 10 days post-transfer. Although mice in this group lived significantly longer than control animals, they eventually succumbed to lethal tumor recurrence. Our data suggest that lymphodepleting doses of WBI promote a prolonged window for effective T cell priming against the endogenous tumor antigen, but that optimal therapeutic potential requires T cell transfer early after irradiation conditioning. Supported by research grant CA02500 from the National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health. Citation Format: Eugene M. Cozza, Lynn R. Budgeon, Neil D. Christensen, Todd D. Schell. Regression of established tumors requires timely adoptive T cell transfer following whole body irradiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3975. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3975
Adolescents in Health and Disease
Authors: Richard R. Brookman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

There are now several textbooks that describe in detail the diseases most often afflicting adolescents. Dr Daniel's unique book focuses instead on normal adolescent growth, the interaction of adolescence with illness and disability, and the approach to the adolescent patient. Dr Daniel begins with an excellent review of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth and development during adolescence. He describes clearly the concerns with variations of normal growth, identity formation, sexuality, and parent-adolescent relationships, including the parental view. He defines the participation of adolescents in school, in society, and in the health care system. Considerable attention is given to normal developmental tasks and to the way adolescents and their families cope with illness, handicapping conditions, and death. Dr Daniel surveys the major health problems of adolescents, stressing the psychosocial aspects of each problem and its management, as well as the practical office approach. These problems include disorders of male and female
TCT-188 2-year outcomes and angiograms from the bifurcation subgroup of the e-BioMatrix registry
Authors: Keith G. Oldroyd, Imad A. Alhaddad, jacques berland, Franz Eberli, David Hildick-Smith, David G. Iosseliani, Franz X. Kleber, Ian Menown, Mariano Valdes, Philip Urban
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
THE PANAMA CANAL AND ORAL HYGIENE.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Among the diseases which will extensively prevail during the work on the Panama Canal is interstitial gingivitis. In this disease the alveolar process and gums are involved, the teeth become sore and loose and finally sometimes drop out. Medically, so far as the gums and teeth are concerned, the disease is not unlike scurvy, The pathology and etiology at bottom are the same. It is caused by change of climate and food. Men going from a temperate to a hot or cold climate are quite pronc to this disease. Soldiers in the Philippines, according to official report, are attacked by a disease of the gums—the teeth become sore and drop out. General Otis' (mail) report cites the case of Walter Fitzgerald, Company C, Twenty-eighth Infantry, formerly of the Montana Volunteers. This man of 23 years had been in the Philippines for a year and seven months. He
A Practice of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Any writing about this evolving field rapidly becomes a compromise with impossibilities. No one agrees, for example, on when to operate for aortic regurgitation. The author quotes Lord Brock, saying that most of our answers about when to operate are still too empiric. Nevertheless, in giving some provisional replies, this book represents one surgeon's assimilation of disparate opinion, how he thinks, and how he acts in detail. Senior readers may disagree about initial conservative treatment of postinfarction ventricular septal defects or grafting only the anterior descending branch for left main coronary disease. (Most US surgeons graft the circumflex also.) The author underestimates some mortality, eg, 2% for mitral valve replacement. Similarly, few believe that 95% of patients who have undergone coronary bypass will stay symptom free. Despite his enthusiasm, Holden's invigorating style and English perspective offer a worthwhile reading experience. After learning that transthoracic reoperations are now being performed to
Alpha-Thalassemia in Ashkenazi Jews
Authors: GWEN B. SANCAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Members of a Jewish family of Polish origin were found to have hypochromic, microcytic erythrocytes. By restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA, the propositus, a brother, and an aunt were found to have a single alpha-globin gene on each chromosome 16. Five family members have one chromosome bearing two alpha-genes (5′ and 3′) with a single alpha-gene on the homologous chromosome. Gene mapping indicated that the chromosome bearing a single alpha-gene arose via an unequal crossover between misaligned 5′ and 3′ alpha-genes and was introduced into the family from three separate sources. In addition, a Jewish man of Hungarian origin was found to have alpha-thalassemia trait with single alpha-genes on both chromosomes 16 and a survey of 25 Jewish subjects yielded one man of German origin with an alpha-gene deletion. Alpha-thalassemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of disease in Jewish persons with microcytic, hypochromic erythrocytes.
Evidence for altered epicardial coronary artery autoregulation as a cause of distal coronary vasoconstriction after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Authors: T A Fischell, K N Bausback, T V McDonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To determine whether vasoconstriction distal to the site of successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a result of altered autoregulation in a hypoperfused coronary artery, we examined the association of this distal vasoconstriction with lesion severity in 20 patients. Lesion severity was classified as moderate, severe or critical (greater than 1.0, 0.5-1.0, and less than 0.5 mm, respectively). Quantitative coronary measurements were made at 3, 15, and 30 min after PTCA, and then after intracoronary (IC) nitroglycerin, in coronary segments distal to the dilated lesion (distal) and in a nonmanipulated vessel (control). Coronary vasoconstriction in the Distal segment after PTCA correlated with lesion severity, with 14 +/- 4%, 28 +/- 2%, and 41 +/- 5% vasoconstriction (vs. IC nitroglycerin, 30 min after PTCA) in the moderate, severe and critical lesion severity subgroups, respectively (P less than 0.01 for critical or severe vs. moderate). This vasoconstriction was significantly greater than that observed in the corresponding control segment for patients with severe (P less than 0.01), and critical (P less than 0.001) lesions. These findings suggest that hypoperfused human epicardial coronary arteries "reset" their autoregulatory responsiveness and that distal vasoconstriction after PTCA is the result of this altered autoregulation. These findings have clinical implications concerning the etiology, prophylaxis and treatment of coronary spams after PTCA and coronary bypass surgery.
Intravenous fluid therapy for adults in hospital: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: S. Padhi, I. Bullock, L. Li, M. Stroud
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Many hospital staff who prescribe intravenous (IV) fluids have not received adequate training on the subject despite the fact that fluid management is one of the commonest tasks in hospital involving complex decisions on optimal volume, rate, and type of fluid to be given. Although inappropriate fluid therapy is rarely reported as being responsible for patient harm, a 1999 report from the National Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Deaths (NCEPOD) suggested that as many as 1 in 5 patients receiving IV fluids in hospital suffered complications or morbidity due to their inappropriate administration.1 A more recent NCEPOD report in 2011 highlighted that patients were at an increased risk of death within thirty days of having an operation if they had received inadequate or excessive IV fluids in the preoperative period.2 This article summarises recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).3 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Principles and protocols for intravenous fluid therapy The assessment and management of patients' fluid and electrolyte needs are fundamental to good patient care.
Health Services Administration: Policy Cases and the Case Method
Authors: James E. C. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1968)

ABSTRACT The teaching of administration is an extraordinarily difficult task made even more difficult by the muddy yardsticks used in health services. The authors wisely choose to emphasize the teaching of the process of administration rather than its content, and have selected the case method as a means of involving the student in the process. They argue that analytic thinking and perceptivity, let alone leadership and sensitivity, cannot be taught by traditional devices, and cite references extending back to 1908 [but not to Socrates] attesting the value of the case method in this learning process. Twelve cases are presented as examples. Four concluding chapters address themselves to the case method as a teaching technique and review the advantages, as well as the limitations of this procedure.The authors are to be commended for reminding teachers in general, and teachers of administration in particular, that learning requires active student involvement and participation
Chemotactic activity derived from interaction of factors D and B of the properdin pathway with cobra venom factor or C3B.
Authors: S Ruddy, K F Austen, E J Goetzl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Interaction of D (the activated form of D) and B, factors of the properdin pathway, with C3b (the major cleavage fragment of C3) generates a convertase, C3B, which cleaves C3 and initiates the terminal complement sequence C5-C9. A functionally analogous more stable C3 convertase, CoVFB, ir formed by substituting cobra venom factor (CoVF) for C3b. Mixtures of highly purified CoVF, B, and D were chemotactic for human neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes as assessed in Boyden chambers either by microscopic enumeration of migrating cells or by counting of 51Cr-labeled cells. Control mixtures containing CoVF, B, and D, reacted in the absence of Mg++, were hemolytically inactive and devoid of chemotactic activity. Over a range of doses, the chemotactic activity of mixtures yielding CoVFB correlated with their hemolytic activity. Pretreatment of neutrophils with mixtures containing CoVFB rendered them unresponsive to subsequent chemotactic stimulation by kallikrein of C5a, indicating cross-deactivation to other chemotactic factors. Similar neutrophil deactivation occurred after exposure to a mixture of C3b, B, and D in which C3B was formed; with short incubation times and high cell concentration C3B also exhibited some chemotactic activity. The chemotactic activity of C3B and CoVFB is an example of a biologic function arising from interactions among factors of the properdin pathway per se, as distinguished from the capacity of this pathway to activate C3 and the terminal complement sequence.
SKIN COLOURING IN RODENT ULCER WITH SPECIAL REEERENCE TO JUTE-WORKERS.
Authors: OWEN A. FINN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article SKIN COLOURING IN RODENT ULCER WITH SPECIAL REEERENCE TO JUTE‐WORKERS. Get access OWEN A. FINN, M.D. OWEN A. FINN, M.D. Senior Registrar, Department of Dermatology, University of St. Andrews, and Royal Infirmary, Dundee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 6, 1 June 1958, Pages 218–219, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13325.x Published: 01 June 1958
Abstract 5486: Developing homing aptamers for targeted therapy in neuroblastoma
Authors: Jharna Barman, Wesley Beckstead, Young Song, Jun Wei, Belhu Metaferia, Javed Khan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour in children. It accounts for 7-10% of malignancies in patients younger than 15 years and 15% of childhood oncology deaths. Each year, there are about 650 new cases of neuroblastoma occurring in the US. The survival rate is 70 - 95 % for low stage (stage 1, 2, 3) tumors. Unfortunately more than 50% of the patients present with advanced stage and the overall survival rate is less than 40% (less than 30% of the children over 1 year old) despite current aggressive multimodal therapies. We have reached the maximal tolerated dosage for most of the chemotherapeutic agents currently used to treat neuroblastoma. Therefore, better targeted therapeutic agents are required to reduce the toxicity related to the therapies. To identify specific targeting agents for neuroblastoma cells, we have undertaken nucleic acid based approach, known as aptamers. Aptamers are short single stranded nucleic acid ligands which can bind specifically to target protein or small molecules because of their unique 3D structures. Low or no immunogenicity together with high specificity makes aptamers potential candidates for therapeutic agents. In our study we have applied Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment (SELEX) to isolate RNA aptamers that target neuroblastoma. A modified RNA pool containing a theoretical 109 unique molecules was generated from a synthetic combinatorial library of nucleic acids, by using 2′-F pyrimidine and 2′-OH purine nucleotides in order to increase the stability toward nucleases. We performed 13 rounds of selection against one of the aggressive stage 4 neuroblastoma cell lines, SK-NA-S. After preliminary analysis we have identified 15 modified RNA sequences and performed binding affinity studies by labeling those sequences with 33P. The apparent dissociation constant (Kd) values are in nanomolar range. The aptamers with the lowest Kd values are chosen for further study in order to visualize the site of binding as well as to identify the target protein they are binding to. Once a neuroblastoma specific aptamer is verified, it will be evaluated for targeted therapeutics in neroblastoma by conjugating it with the polymerized liposomal nanoparticles containing small molecule drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5486.
Diabetes and Its Complications Among Selected Tribes in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska
Authors: Ruggles M Stahn, Dorothy Gohdes, Sarah E Valway
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To determine the prevalence and incidence rates of diabetes and two specific complications for selected American-Indian tribes in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska. Research Design and Methods— A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted using ambulatory care data during 1987 for prevalence and diabetes registries and complication case reporting during 1988 from IHS facilities on reservations in these states. Results— The Winnebago and Omaha tribes had the highest age-adjusted diabetes rates, with prevalence 8.8 times and incidence 7.7 times the respective U.S. rates. The diabetes prevalence rate of combined data for the Sioux was 3.7 times the U.S. rate. Among Sioux Indians, the age-adjusted incidence rate for ESRD was 4.8 times the American-Indian/Alaska-Native rate and 13.4 times the rate for U.S. whites. The proportion of new diabetes-related ESRD (86%) was almost 3 times greater than the general U.S. population rate (30%). Also, among the Sioux, the age-adjusted incidence rate for LEA (86.7/10,000 diabetic population) was 1.5 times higher than the U.S. rate; the proportion of diabetes-related LEA (84%) was 1.8 times higher than the general U.S. population rate (45%). Conclusions— The age-adjusted rates of diabetes and certain complications among these Northern Plains tribes are greater than the U.S. rates. Improved health services to detect and monitor diabetes and its complications and community-based prevention activities directed at the epidemic of diabetes among the various Indian tribes are urgently needed.
Health workers in developing countries identify infections in infants almost as well as doctors, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Trained frontline health workers in low and middle income countries can identify bacterial infections in infants nearly as accurately as doctors who use laboratory testing, a study has found. But lack of access to antibiotics has hampered the treatment of such infections.

Up to 40% of young infants in low and middle income countries die from infections, partly because of poor access to appropriate medical care and antibiotics. An international group of researchers carried out a meta-analysis of published studies …
Excessive Lacrimation From Fluorouracil Treatment
Authors: Jane Hamersley
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Fluorouracil is currently used for the treatment of cancer as a rapid intravenous injection given weekly without a five-day loading dose.<sup>1</sup>Reported side effects and toxicities of this regimen of adminis-1 tration include leukopenia and thrombopenia, stomatitis, diarrhea, anorexia (particularly a distaste for certain foods such as meats), and cerebellar ataxia.<sup>2</sup>The symptom of excessive lacrimation has not, so far as we know, been previously reported. Between May 1971 and May 1972, 46 patients were treated with weekly injections of fluorouracil at the Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, Idaho. Sixteen of the 46 complained of eye symptoms, the most frequent of which was excessive watering or tearing, reported by 14 patients. In addition, 8 of the 14 patients with eye symptoms complained of excessive nasal discharge, seven had irritation of the eyes, five had reddening of the eyes and two each had blurring of vision,
Anti-CTLA-4 treatment induces IL-10-producing ICOS+ regulatory T cells displaying IDO-dependent anti-inflammatory properties in a mouse model of colitis
Authors: C Coquerelle, G Oldenhove, V Acolty, J Denoeud, G Vansanten, J-M Verdebout, A Mellor, J A Bluestone, M Moser
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Background and aims:</h3> Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has been shown to act as a negative regulator of T cell function and has been implicated in the regulation of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 development and the function of regulatory T cells. Tests were carried out to determine whether anti-CTLA-4 treatment would alter the polarisation of naive T cells in vivo. <h3>Methods:</h3> Mice were treated with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (UC10-4F10) at the time of immunisation or colonic instillation of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The cytokines produced by lymph node cells after in vitro antigenic stimulation and the role of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) and of interleukin-10 (IL-10) were tested, and the survival of mice was monitored. <h3>Results:</h3> Injection of anti-CTLA-4 mAb in mice during priming induced the development of adaptive CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells which expressed high levels of ICOS (inducible co-stimulator), secreted IL-4 and IL-10. This treatment inhibited Th1 memory responses in vivo and repressed experimental intestinal inflammation. The anti-CTLA-4-induced amelioration of disease correlated with IDO expression and infiltration of ICOS<sup>high</sup> Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T cells in the intestine, suggesting that anti-CTLA-4 acted indirectly through the development of regulatory T cells producing IL-10 and inducing IDO. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> These observations emphasise the synergy between IL-10 and IDO as anti-inflammatory agents and highlight anti-CTLA-4 treatment as a potential novel immunotherapeutic approach for inducing adaptive regulatory T cells.
Medical staffing: "We are very experienced"
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The difficult position faced by the growing number of non-consultant career grade doctors is highlighted in the Audit Commission report on medical staffing. These doctors do not hold relevant UK specialist qualifications, but usually have considerable experience. Mr Rifaat Abo-Leyah, aged 47 (pictured above), is an associate specialist in obstetrics and gynaecology at Calderdale Royal Hospital in Lancashire and came to the United Kingdom in 1990 on a sponsorship scheme. He previously spent four years as a registrar in Saudi Arabia in a job recognised by the …
Paget Disease Involving the Left Third Metacarpal
Authors: Vicki Quan, Linh Ho, Patrick Colletti, John Seto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

We report the bone scan appearance of Paget disease involving the left third metacarpal bone in a 73-year-old woman who presented with left hand pain. A plain radiograph of the hand was ordered and the results were suggestive of Paget disease. A bone scan was subsequently ordered, which showed intense activity in the left third metacarpal bone with no evidence of other bony involvement. After the bone scan, a serum alkaline phosphatase level was ordered and found to be normal.