tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined smoke inhalation and body surface burns injury does not necessarily imply long-term respiratory health consequences
Authors: J. Bourbeau, Y. Lacasse, M.Y. Rouleau, S. Boucher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

This study was undertaken to assess the long-term respiratory health consequences of smoke inhalation in patients who are burns survivors. Patients with smoke inhalation resulting from domestic flame or fire were studied. Medical records were the primary source for the selection of the patients. Smoke inhalation was diagnosed on the basis of the visual appearance of the airways on the reported bronchoscopy. Patients who participated in the study were compared on important characteristics with those who did not participate. The participants were then assessed by questionnaire, physical examination, chest radiograph and pulmonary function tests. Twenty three out of 45 patients who had survived smoke inhalation participated in the study. Participants and nonparticipants were comparable with respect to gender, age, time since injury, aetiology of injury, and total body surface burned. Participants had more facial burns, more severe bronchoscopic findings of smoke inhalation and required intubation more frequently. Respiratory symptom assessment and pulmonary function tests were performed 45 +/- 23 months after smoke inhalation. Four patients reported an increase in dyspnoea, one an increase in cough and one an increase in phlegm. All the patients had pulmonary function tests and bronchial responsiveness (provocative concentration of histamine resulting in a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20) &gt; 16 mg.mL-1) within normal limits. The four patients complaining of increased dyspnoea had results within normal limits for cardiac and respiratory variables on maximal exertion. The present study indicates that, in burn patients, smoke inhalation resulting from a single domestic fire does not necessarily imply long-term respiratory health consequences.
MRI, Enhanced CT, and FDG PET/CT in Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Changjing Zuo, Jianping Lu, Yang Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Primary basal cell carcinoma of the prostate is a very rare neoplasm with a good prognosis. A 55-year-old man presented with urinary frequency for 2 months. Serum prostate-specific antigen level was normal. T2-weighted MR images showed an inhomogeneously hyperintense tumor in the prostate. Enhanced CT showed heterogeneous enhancement of the tumor. FDG PET/CT showed strong FDG uptake of the tumor with SUVmax of 14.1. Prostate biopsy findings revealed basal cell carcinoma with high proliferation index.
William Paton Cleland
Authors: Caroline Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A pioneer of open heart surgeryBill Cleland was one of the surgeons who developed open heart surgery in London in the late 1950s.He was at Hammersmith Hospital in 1952-3 when Professor Dennis Melrose developed the first heart-lung machine.Melrose and Cleland conducted extensive animal tests before trying the machine in 1953 on patients whose prognosis was poor.In the early days there were postoperative deaths, which taught them the importance of meticulous postoperative care, and the clinical programme was restarted successfully in 1957.Cleland was one of the machine's earliest users, and it enabled him to perform a wide range of new operations, specialising in mitral valvotomy, the surgical treatment of ventricular septal defect, and aortic valve replacement.He was the first to operate on the newly identified condition of obstructive cardiomyopathy-known in the United States as hypertrophic subaortic stenosisby excising muscle from the interventricular septum via the aortic valve.Russian surgeons were impressed by Melrose's heart-lung machine, and Professor Aleksandr Bakulev from the then Soviet Union bought one; he then invited the Hammersmith team to operate in Moscow in May 1959.It was at the height of the cold war and they were the first foreign doctors to perform surgery there.Melrose, Cleland, and another surgeon, Hugh Bentall, went.The Russians chose two adults and four children with congenital heart defects.Two of them had Fallot's tetralogy, which Cleland and his colleagues had never operated on before.All six operations were successful.Cleland remarked that this was helped by God, who had so little to do in Russia that he was able to give the children his undivided attention.The trip was a success in other ways.Cleland took his cine camera and filmed the army parade in Red Square, and was astonished not to be arrested.The team then returned on the inaugural UK flight of the Tupolev 104, the Soviet Union's first jet powered passenger airliner.Cleland was a meticulous surgeon, possessed of great energy, and a great teacher.He was warm hearted, and remained calm in emergencies.He was
On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ
Authors: William B. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To  Editor.—  I am writing to express my surprise at your including a theological article inThe Journal, On  Physical Death of Jesus Christ. 1 The opening paragraphs of this article purport to present religious faith as fact, and in so doing perpetuate negative and very possibly erroneous beliefs that have been  core of anti-Semitism through  ages, and  basis upon which terrible persecution has been visited upon people of  Jewish faith.  Specifically,  authors claim that Jesus was arrested, tried, found guilty, and spat upon by Jews, who then  his execution by  Romans even though  Romans could find no legal basis for such a crime or punishment. They report that the people persistently demanded crucifixion. The authors of this article cite as  basis of historical accuracy for these assertions sources such as  New Testament Gospels, and other texts and
Abstract 5310: mTOR knock-down mice exhibit altered T and B cell activation, differentiation and immune response
Authors: Shuling Zhang, Julie Readinger, Laura Roth, Maggie Pruitt, Richard Robinson, Wendy DuBois, Val Bliskovsky, Ke Zhang, Julie Wu, Lino Tessarollo, Pam Schwartzberg, Beverly A. Mock
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Mammalian TOR (mTOR) regulates cell growth and survival by integrating nutrient and hormonal signals. Because disruption of the mouse mTOR gene leads to early postimplantation lethality, insights into in vivo function of mTOR have been limited. In this study, we generated a mouse knock-down model, which recapitulates treatment with mTOR inhibitors. Neo insertion interrupts transcription, leading to reduced mTOR expression. The homozygous knock-down mice exhibit reductions in body, organ, and cell size. T cell development in the thymus appears normal, however, T cell receptor (TCR)-induced phosphorylation of AKT was reduced in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Spleens are disproportionately small relative to overall body weight. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is reduced in the spleen. Cell proliferation was decreased in splenic T and B cells. Both TCR-mediated proliferation in T cells and LPS-induced proliferation in B cells were reduced. Splenic T cells show reductions in migration to TECK and SDF, and increased FoxP3 expression. Splenic B cell populations had more mature cells, with fewer transitional cells and markedly reduced marginal zone and follicular B cells. Phosphorylation of AKT was increased in B cells after LPS stimulation, similar to what has been reported in tumor cells exposed to long-term rapamycin treatment. B220+ B cells were decreased in bone marrow and alterations were seen in pre-B cell maturation. We investigated the immunologic consequences of immunization with NP-CGG, and knock-down mice show decreases in NP-specific Ig responses and defects in producing primary germinal center reactions. These data suggest that mTOR plays a role in the maturation and differentiation of immune cell lineages, as well as in the regulation of humoral immunity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5310.
Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Comparison Between Recent Users and Nonusers of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: A. Adamopoulos, S. Efstathiou, D. Tsioulos, A. Tsami, A. Mitromaras, T. Mountokalakis
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

To determine clinical, endoscopic, and outcome differences between recent users and nonusers of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).A total of 330 consecutive patients who presented with clinical manifestations of UGIB underwent urgent endoscopy after clinical assessment within 12 h of admission. The patients were divided into two groups, depending on whether there was a positive or negative history of recent NSAID use. Urgent endoscopy followed by endoscopic hemostasis and/or biopsy, as needed, was performed by the same endoscopist, who was blinded to the patients' clinical status.The baseline characteristics, clinically estimated severity of UGIB, and outcome did not differ between the two groups. Recent NSAID users were found to bleed from an ulcer more frequently (P=0.009) than nonusers of NSAIDs, the latter more often having a history of peptic ulcer or UGIB (P=0.02). Bleeding ulcers were mostly duodenal in the NSAID group and gastric in the non-NSAID group (P<0.001). Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly more common among NSAID users (P<0.01). The group of NSAID users included a significantly greater proportion of alcohol abusers (P=0.01), who were found to bleed mostly from erosive gastritis.Recent NSAID users were found to bleed from ulcers, mostly duodenal, and to have H. pylori infection more frequently than UGI bleeders with a negative history of NSAID consumption. Alcohol abuse was also more common among NSAID users. The severity of bleeding and the outcome did not differ between the two groups.
Developmental changes in multispecific organic anion transporter 1 expression in the rat kidney
Authors: Noriko Nakajima, Takashi Sekine, Seok Ho Cha, Akihiro Tojo, Makoto Hosoyamada, Yoshikatsu Kanai, Kunimasa Yan, Shouichi Awa, Hitoshi Endou
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
815-6 Prognostic effect of left bundle brunch block on presenting electrocardiogram in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty in the primary angioplasty in myocardial infarction trials
Authors: Mayra Guerrero, Kishore Harjai, Judy Boura, Cindy Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Cryptic genetic gluten intolerance revealed by intestinal antitransglutaminase antibodies and response to gluten-free diet
Authors: T. Not, F. Ziberna, S. Vatta, S. Quaglia, S. Martelossi, V. Villanacci, R. Marzari, F. Florian, M. Vecchiet, A.-M. Sulic, F. Ferrara, A. Bradbury, D. Sblattero, A. Ventura
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Background and objective</h3> Antitransglutaminase (anti-TG2) antibodies are synthesised in the intestine and their presence seems predictive of future coeliac disease (CD). This study investigates whether mucosal antibodies represent an early stage of gluten intolerance even in the absence of intestinal damage and serum anti-TG2 antibodies. <h3>Methods</h3> This study investigated 22 relatives of patients with CD genetically predisposed to gluten intolerance but negative for both serum anti-TG2 antibodies and intestinal abnormalities. Fifteen subjects were symptomatic and seven were asymptomatic. The presence of immunoglobulin A anti-TG2 antibodies in the intestine was studied by creating phage-antibody libraries against TG-2. The presence of intestinal anti-TG2 antibodies was compared with the serum concentration of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), a marker for early intestinal mucosal damage. The effects of a 12-month gluten-free diet on anti-TG2 antibody production and the subjects9 clinical condition was monitored. Twelve subjects entered the study as controls. <h3>Results</h3> The intestinal mucosa appeared normal in 18/22; 4 had a slight increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes. Mucosal anti-TG2 antibodies were isolated in 15/22 subjects (68%); in particular symptomatic subjects were positive in 13/15 cases and asymptomatic subjects in 2/7 cases (p=0.01). No mucosal antibodies were selected from the controls9 biopsies. There was significant correlation between the presence of intestinal anti-TG2 antibodies and positive concentrations of I-FABP (p=0.0008). After a gluten-free diet, 19/22 subjects underwent a second intestinal biopsy, which showed that anti-TG2 antibodies had disappeared in 12/15 (p=0.002), while I-FABP decreased significantly (p&lt;0.0001). The diet resolved both extraintestinal and intestinal symptoms. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A new form of genetic-dependent gluten intolerance has been described in which none of the usual diagnostic markers is present. Symptoms and intestinal anti-TG2 antibodies respond to a gluten free-diet. The detection of intestinal anti-TG2 antibodies by the phage-antibody libraries has an important diagnostic and therapeutic impact for the subjects with gluten-dependent intestinal or extraintestinal symptoms. <h3>Clinical trial number</h3> NCT00677495.
Contemporary Rheumatology. Proceedings of the Third European Rheumatology Congress, The Hague-Scheveningen, 1955
Authors: E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

by Professor J. Goslings and Dr. Van Swaay.It is a valuable compilation, handsomely produced on paper good enough for microphotographic reproductions, and the authors are to be congratulated on the successful conclusion of one of the most difficult of
Gender- and race-specific effects of asthma and wheeze on level and growth of lung function in children in six U.S. cities.
Authors: D R Gold, D Wypij, X Wang, F E Speizer, M Pugh, J H Ware, B G Ferris, D W Dockery
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The gender-and race-specific effects of asthma/wheeze on pulmonary function level and annual growth velocity were studied in a cohort of 10,792 white and 944 black children 6 to 18 yr of age, examined annually between 1974 and 1989 in six U.S. cities. In comparison with white boys who never reported asthma or wheeze, FEV1 levels were 5.7% lower and FEF 25-75 levels were 16.9% lower for white boys with a diagnosis of asthma who reported wheeze symptoms in the past year. White girls with asthma and wheeze had FEV1 levels that were 3.4% lower and FEF25-75 levels that were 13.6% lower than white girls with never-asthma/wheeze. Asthma with wheeze was associated with a greater percent deficit in FEV1 level in boys than in girls (p < 0.01) and, particularly in preadolescence, with a significant percent increment in FVC level (1.6%) for girls but not for boys. The diagnosis of asthma with or without wheeze in the past year was associated with a greater deficit in level of lung function than the reporting of wheeze symptoms in a child without the diagnosis of asthma. The prevalence of asthma and wheeze was higher among blacks, but no race differences were found in the effects of asthma or wheeze on level of FEV1 and FEF25-75. Compared with white adolescent female ever asthmatics with no medication use, FEV1 level was 5.8% lower for those with routine medication use and 7.8% lower for those with routine and additional medication use. Although white girls with wheeze but no diagnosis of asthma had slightly slower growth of FEV1 (0.3% per year) than did white girls without asthma or wheeze, children with asthma did not have slower annual growth in percent terms. In absolute terms, growth of FEV1 was 14.7 ml/yr and FEF25-75 was 47 ml/s/yr slower for asthmatic white boys with wheeze than for those without asthma; for girls with asthma and wheeze growth of FEF25-75 was 29 ml/s/yr slower. We conclude that in absolute terms, but not in percent terms, the pulmonary function deficits associated with asthma and wheeze increase throughout childhood. In the preadolescent and adolescent years, the mechanical properties of the lungs and the inflammatory process in asthmatics may differ by gender, leading to gender differences in their pulmonary function. We also conclude that lung function may not return to normal, even when asthmatics become asymptomatic.
Bacterial Meningitis — A Review of Selected Aspects
Authors: Morton N. Swartz, Philip R. Dodge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

NOWHERE have the effects of the introduction of antimicrobial agents during the past two decades been more dramatically exhibited than in bacterial meningitis. Whereas formerly untreated pyogenic meningitis was fatal with rare exceptions,1 in the antibiotic era there has been a gratifying lowering of the mortality rate.2 3 4 5 But during the past eight to ten years, there has been no outstanding change in the mortality rate in the principal types of bacterial meningitis. Although it might appear that a plateau has been reached in the treatment of this disease, we are unwilling to accept this view without exploring fully the basis . . .
Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography of Barrett’s esophagus: preliminary descriptive clinical study correlating images with histology
Authors: Y. Chen, A. Aguirre, P. Hsiung, S. Desai, P. Herz, M. Pedrosa, Q. Huang, M. Figueiredo, S.-W. Huang, A. Koski, J. Schmitt, J. Fujimoto, H. Mashimo
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Endoscopic ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR OCT) achieves an axial image resolution of approximately 5 microm, which is 2 - 3 times finer than standard endoscopic OCT imaging. This study investigated the capability of endoscopic UHR OCT for imaging patients with Barrett's esophagus.Fivty volunteers previously diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus underwent UHR OCT. Imaging was performed at 1.3 microm wavelengths with approximately 5 microm axial and approximately 15 microm transverse resolutions using a 1.8 mm/diameter linear-scanning catheter introduced through the accessory channel of a standard endoscope. OCT images were compared with endoscopic diagnosis and pinch biopsy histological appearances.UHR OCT images of normal esophagus, Barrett's esophagus, high grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma were evaluated. UHR OCT images of the normal esophagus exhibited characteristic layered architecture with uniform epithelium, while images of Barrett's esophagus corresponded to crypt-like glandular structures. High grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma images exhibited more heterogeneous structures corresponding to irregular, heterogeneous tissue morphology from distorted and cribriform or villiform glandular architecture. Fine features can be discerned more clearly with endoscopic UHR OCT.This study evaluated new endoscopic OCT technology and demonstrated the feasibility of carrying out UHR OCT imaging in conjunction with standard endoscopy for in vivo real-time imaging of Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. A survey of normal and abnormal upper gastrointestinal tissues was performed using a research prototype OCT system with the highest axial resolution to date, and can serve as a baseline for future investigation.
P176 Indications and demographics of domiciliary NIV set-ups in an acute hospital
Authors: CA Lynch, O O'Sullivan, J Bwika, N Santana-Vaz, A Oakes, B Beauchamp, R Mukherjee
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Domiciliary NIV is being increasingly used to treat chronic ventilatory failure but there is little site-level data available describing the demographics of patients on domiciliary NIV under centres which have developed over the last decade. At our central England teaching hospital, domiciliary NIV is either set up following an acute admission with hypercapnic acidotic respiratory failure through the dedicated 11-bedded ward-based unit or electively, through the surveillance of patients at risk of ventilatory failure. Currently we have 262 patients on domiciliary NIV. We aimed to analyse the primary diagnosis and demographics of patients started on domiciliary NIV in the last 18 months. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective analysis of all patients started on domiciliary NIV at a 1000-bedded central England teaching hospital from 01 Jan 2012 to 30 June 2013. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 90 patients were analysed and there was a slight male predominance (55.5%). The mean age at initiation of domiciliary NIV was 56.3 years (SD 18.9, median 52.5 years). Primary diagnoses (reason for domiciliary NIV) were 1.neuromuscular disorders (35.5%); 2. obesity-related disorders (33.3%); 3. COPD (13.3%); 4. thoracic cage disease other than obesity (15.6%) and 5. central pathology (2.3%). Of the COPD patients, 7/12 (58.33%) were GOLD class 4, 4/12 (33.33%) were GOLD class 3 and 1/12 (8.33%) were GOLD class 2. The mean domiciliary NIV set-up per month was 4.68 (SD 3.16). There was no clear relationship between number of set-ups per month and corresponding calendar month; 22.2% patients (20/90) had long term oxygen therapy prescribed with their NIV. <h3>Discussion</h3> The role of domiciliary NIV is expanding with greater numbers of people living with chronic ventilatory failure, and this is set to increase with the rising problem of (a) obesity-related respiratory disorders and (b) improved survival of children with neuromuscular weakness. This study highlights the need for a domiciliary NIV registry for improved resource and workforce planning.
Critical roles for CCR2 and MCP-3 in monocyte mobilization from bone marrow and recruitment to inflammatory sites
Authors: Chia-Lin Tsou, Wendy Peters, Yue Si, Sarah Slaymaker, Ara M. Aslanian, Stuart P. Weisberg, Matthias Mack, Israel F. Charo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Monocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation is regulated by members of the chemokine family of chemotactic cytokines. However, the mechanisms that govern the migration of monocytes from bone marrow to blood and from blood to inflamed tissues are not well understood. Here we report that CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is highly expressed on a subpopulation of blood monocytes whose numbers are markedly decreased in CCR2(-/-) mice. In bone marrow, however, CCR2(-/-) mice had an increased number of monocytes, suggesting that CCR2 is critical for monocyte egress. Intravenous infusion of ex vivo-labeled WT or CCR2(-/-) bone marrow into WT recipient mice demonstrated that CCR2 is necessary for efficient monocyte recruitment from the blood to inflamed tissue. Analysis of mice lacking monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), MCP-3, MCP-5, or MCP-2 plus MCP-5 revealed that MCP-3 and MCP-1 are the CCR2 agonists most critical for the maintenance of normal blood monocyte counts. These findings provide evidence that CCR2 and MCP-3/MCP-1 are critical for monocyte mobilization and suggest new roles for monocyte chemoattractants in leukocyte homeostasis.