tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiple myeloma with crystalline inclusions in most hemopoietic cells
Authors: Laurence Gabriel, Luis Escribano, Jose Perales, Carmen Bellas, Jesus Odriozola, Jose‐Luis Navarro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Intracytoplasmic inclusions were observed at light and electron microscopy in the cells of most of the hemopoietic series, including erythroblasts, in a case of multiple myeloma IgG kappa. The inclusions were of crystalline nature, surrounded by smooth membrane. An indirect immunoperoxidase method on thick sections confirmed their immunoglobulin G kappa nature. The fact that crystals were observed in various hemopoietic series suggests that, except for the plasma cells, their presence is more likely due to phagocytosis than to synthesis and, therefore, that they are not a clone marker.
Epidemiology of Family Practice
Authors: Robert R. Huntley
Journal: JAMA (1963)

EPIDEMIOLOGY, having long outgrown its classical definition as the study of epidemics, is now defined as the study of all the variables relating to the occurrence of diseases in populations; Morris<sup>1</sup>has further suggested that the epidemiologic approach may be used to study the operation of health services. Since family practice is one of the health services, this approach may be utilized to determine the current content, availability and distribution of this service. <h3>Definition</h3> Perhaps the most useful definition of the term family practice has been given by the Committee on Preparation for General Practice of the AMA, in a report to the House of Delegates approved in June, 1959. This Committee defined family practice as "that aspect of medical care performed by the doctor of medicine who assumes comprehensive and continuing responsibility for the patient and his family regardless of age." He is generally the first physician consulted
Association between Obesity during Pregnancy and Increased Use of Health Care
Authors: Susan Y. Chu, Donald J. Bachman, William M. Callaghan, Evelyn P. Whitlock, Patricia M. Dietz, Cynthia J. Berg, Maureen O'Keeffe-Rosetti, F. Carol Bruce, Mark C. Hornbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In the United States, obesity during pregnancy is common and increases obstetrical risks. An estimate of the increase in use of health care services associated with obesity during pregnancy is needed.We used electronic data systems of a large U.S. group-practice health maintenance organization to identify 13,442 pregnancies among women 18 years of age or older at the time of conception that resulted in live births or stillbirths. The study period was between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004. We assessed associations between measures of use of health care services and body-mass index (BMI, defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) before pregnancy or in early pregnancy. The women were categorized as underweight (BMI <18.5), normal (BMI 18.5 to 24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9), obese (BMI 30.0 to 34.9), very obese (BMI 35.0 to 39.9), or extremely obese (BMI > or =40.0). The primary outcome was the mean length of hospital stay for delivery.After adjustment for age, race or ethnic group, level of education, and parity, the mean (+/-SE) length of hospital stay for delivery was significantly (P<0.05) greater among women who were overweight (3.7+/-0.1 days), obese (4.0+/-0.1 days), very obese (4.1+/-0.1 days), and extremely obese (4.4+/-0.1 days) than among women with normal BMI (3.6+/-0.1 days). A higher-than-normal BMI was associated with significantly more prenatal fetal tests, obstetrical ultrasonographic examinations, medications dispensed from the outpatient pharmacy, telephone calls to the department of obstetrics and gynecology, and prenatal visits with physicians. A higher-than-normal BMI was also associated with significantly fewer prenatal visits with nurse practitioners and physician assistants. Most of the increase in length of stay associated with higher BMI was related to increased rates of cesarean delivery and obesity-related high-risk conditions.Obesity during pregnancy is associated with increased use of health care services.
Albendazole treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts in naturally infected sheep: a study with relevance to the treatment of hydatid cysts in man.
Authors: D L Morris, M J Clarkson, M F Stallbaumer, J Pritchard, R S Jones, J B Chinnery
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Albendazole was given orally to sheep with naturally occurring live pulmonary and hepatic cysts. The viability of pulmonary cysts was established before treatment by thoracotomy and needle puncture. Both 10 and 20 mg/kg/day doses were found effective in that no viable protoscoleces were found after six weeks9 treatment in either group while untreated controls still had viable cysts. In addition, treated animals showed macroscopic and electron microscopic changes. Bone marrow toxicity probably occurred in two sheep.
1239 HEV INFECTION POST ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION MISDIAGNOSED AS GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE OR DRUG TOXICITY
Authors: S.D. Pas, J. Versluis, E. Agteresch, R.A. de Man, J. Maaskant, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, J.J. Cornelissen, A.A. van der Eijk
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Differentiating Dementia From Normal-Reply
Authors: Paul J. Eslinger
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> It appears that Mr Branconnier has misinterpreted the thrust of our article and the nature and purpose of our screening test.<sup>1</sup>It is not designed to "diagnose" dementing illness but to identify older persons who deserve to have the benefit of comprehensive diagnostic studies. A positive result on the test would raise the suspicion that some form of mental decline, temporary or not, may be occurring and that medical attention and further psychological assessment should be considered. A false-positive finding would be clarified as such rather rapidly, most likely in a first medical interview, without any serious financial, psychological, or social consequences ensuing. In fact, the contrary might occur. Persons scoring as a false-positive may do so because of social, psychological, or medical problems, eg, depression, that may well benefit from medical attention. The letter reveals some misconceptions about dementia that deserve noting. First, there is insufficient
Abstract 1900: HSP 70 may cause EGFR-TKIs-resistance due to inhibit drug binding to EGFR in the cells that expressed mutant EGFR
Authors: Tohru Ohmori, Tsuyoki Kadofuku, Yoko Ichihashi, Toshimitsu Yamaoka, Takashi Hirose, Mitsuru Adachi, Nagahiro Saijo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer cells that expressed mutant EGFR are more sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) than that expressed wild type EGFR. To elucidate difference of the characteristics between wild type and 15 bp deletion mutant EGFR, we explored the difference of EGFR-binding proteins using respective stable transfectants, 293_pEGFR and 293_p≤15. As the result, we detected heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) specifically binds to the mutant EGFR but wild type EGFR. To examine whether HSP70 influenced EGFR-TKI sensitivity, we examined the effect of HSP70 inhibition. [Methods] HSP70 siRNA was exposed to the cells for 2 days. Cytotoxicity of the drugs was measured by MTT assay. The drug binding to EGFR was measured by [14C]gefitinib. [Results] Suppression of HSP70 by siRNA increased gefitinib and erlotinib sensitivities and enhanced gefitinib binding to this receptor, in 293_p≤15 cells. Same phenomena were observed when HSP70 was inhibited by HSP70 specific inhibitor, 2-phenylethynesulfonamide (PES). PES inhibits HSP70 binding to the mutant EGFR. Interestingly, this compound enhanced the EGFR autophosphorylation and c-Cbl binding to the receptor in 293_p≤15 cells. These results suggest that HSP70 may modulate EGFR activity and may cause EGFR-TKIs-resistance due to inhibit drug binding to the mutant EGFR. HSP70 inhibitor may possibly enhance the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1900. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1900
Diphtheria Outbreaks in Immunized Populations
Authors: David T. Karzon, Kathryn M. Edwards
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Studies of an outbreak of clinical diphtheria in Sweden serve to make two points.1 The first involves a molecular marker of epidemiologic and possibly pathogenetic importance. The second concerns the possibility of recurrent outbreaks of diphtheria in populations with high rates of immunization.In this issue of the Journal, Rappuoli and his colleagues report their use of a genetic probe to identify one or more copies of a DNA sequence in the Corynebacterium diphtheriae genome. The hybridization pattern of this 1500-kb DNA sequence, called an insertion element, remains constant and recognizable in strains isolated in a single epidemiologic setting. . . .
Properties of oscillatory afterpotentials in young embryonic chick hearts.
Authors: M Kojima, N Sperelakis
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Oscillatory afterpotentials in cardiac tissues are believed to result from an activation of calcium-operated cation channels of mixed selectivity (sodium, potassium), or perturbation of an electrogenic sodium-calcium exchange carrier, by an oscillatory release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the present experiments, the presence and properties of ouabain-induced oscillatory afterpotentials were examined in young (3-day-old) embryonic chick hearts, both fresh and organ cultured for 6-14 days. The hearts did not differentiate in organ culture, and the cells retained slowly rising spontaneous action potentials. To induce the oscillatory afterpotentials, automaticity was suppressed by elevating extracellular K+ ion concentration from 4 mM to 6 mM, and the preparations were electrically stimulated at a rate of 0.5 Hz. Stable oscillatory afterpotentials were induced with 1.3-7.5 microM ouabain. The oscillatory afterpotential amplitude was increased when the stimulation rate was increased to 3 and 4 Hz. The oscillatory afterpotentials were potentiated when extracellular Ca++ ion concentration was increased to 3.6 mM or by the addition of barium (0.1 mM). Low extracellular Na+ ion concentration (40-121 mM), strontium (4 mM), magnesium (2-4 mM), and manganese (1-4 mM) significantly depressed the oscillatory afterpotentials. These properties of the oscillatory afterpotentials are similar to those described for adult mammalian ventricular muscles and Purkinje fibers. Our results suggest that young embryonic chick hearts (which lack fast sodium channels and, instead, have slow sodium channels) possess the calcium-operated mixed cation channels at a very early developmental stage if the oscillatory afterpotentials result from the activation of the mixed cation channels by intracellular calcium.
Tc-99m Sestamibi Gated SPECT in Patients with Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: SABAHAT INANIR, OGUZ CAYMAZ, TUGRUL OKAY, FUAT DEDE, AHMET OKTAY, MERAL DEGER, H. TURGUT TUROGLU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic role of a Tc-99m sestamibi gated SPECT technique in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) without known coronary artery disease.Twenty consecutive patients with constant complete LBBB were included. A same-day rest-stress protocol was used, and dipyridamole stress (14 patients) or treadmill exercise (6 patients) was applied. Electrocardiograph (ECG)-gated SPECT images were acquired 15 minutes after the administration of 0.31 mCi/kg Tc-99m sestamibi at peak stress. Regional myocardial perfusion was analyzed in relation to the cardiac cycle.Eleven of 14 patients who underwent a dipyridamole stress test had hypoactivity in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery territory in the ungated (summed) stress-rest images (abnormality ratio, 78%). On the ungated images, the abnormality was completely reversible in one patient (9%), partially reversible in five patients (46%), irreversible in two patients (18%), and reverse perfusion was identified in three patients (27%). Abnormality ratios of end-systolic and end-diastolic data were 93% and 29%, respectively. Conversely, the ungated rest-stress and end-systolic images of all the patients who performed treadmill exercise were abnormal despite the presence of normal or nearly normal end-diastolic myocardial perfusion. The angiographic findings correlated best with those of end-diastolic images. In 13 patients without coronary artery disease, normal or nearly normal regional perfusion was observed on end-diastole, but four patients with abnormal end-diastolic perfusion, which involved the LAD territory in all but one, had substantial coronary artery disease. The number of the involved segments was similar on the end-systolic and ungated data. Most of these artifactual defects were localized to the anteroseptal, septal, and inferoseptal segments.These preliminary data indicate that end-diastolic images can significantly reduce artifactual defects in patients with LBBB. The resolution of an LBBB pattern on end-diastolic data would significantly improve the diagnostic role of myocardial perfusion studies in these patients.
The end of doctors, or the beginning of accountability?
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Just as this week's Economist is predicting the end of doctors, so doctors are engaging ever more in the process of defining what it is they do and should be doing. This week's letters columns (p 1667) show their response to the challenge laid down by last month's conference on core values in medicine. The same willingness to engage in the debate comes, in very different covers, from Julian Tudor Hart in a Socialist Health Association pamphlet published last month.

For most of his working life Hart has been a general practitioner to a Welsh mining community. He has been a lifelong socialist, and most doctors will know him for his coinage of the inverse care law. This states that the availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served. Since Hart believes that the law operates more completely when medical care is exposed to market forces, it is no …
Diabetes, with a Chapter on Hypoglycemia
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Most likely it is inevitable, but somewhat amazing, nevertheless, that 774 pages can be devoted to a discussion of diabetes mellitus. This fact alone is an indication of the fabulous accumulation of information on a disease that justifiably has been listed in the controllable category for almost 40 years. Since the discoveries of Macleod, Collip, Banting, and Best, many milestones have been passed. These include the preparation of crystalline insulin by Abel, the relation of the hypophysis to the pancreas by Houssay, the physiological function of glucagon by Murlin and Bürger, the use of alloxan as a diabetogenic substance by Jacobs, and the clinical observation of Janbon on the hypoglycemic action of sulfonamides. These items are examples only of the multifaceted subject. Most of these investigators are still active in the laboratory. Best and Houssay have contributed chapters to Williams' book. It would be folly to include a sentence or
IMPACT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSSYNCHRONY ON LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE ASSESSED BY 99MTC-SESTAMIBI GATED MYOCARDIAL SCINTIGRAPHY
Authors: Hideki Miyachi, Akira Yamamoto, Toshiaki Otsuka, Masatomo Yoshikawa, Eitaro Kodani, Yasumi Endo, Akihiro Nakagomi, Yoshiki Kusama, Hirotsugu Atarashi, Kyoichi Mizuno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Berlin, Germany, 1987-1993
Authors: T Schaberg, G Gloger, B Reichert, H Mauch, H Lode
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strains is an increasing problem worldwide. Since no public health data are available for urban populations in Germany, we investigated resistance in our hospitalized patients (n = 1,011) over the last 7 yrs. We therefore evaluated clinical data and results of susceptibility tests (breakpoint technique/proportion method) for isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampin, pyrazinamide, protionamide and ethambutol. Since 1987, there has been a relatively constant rate of 5.9% (3.9%-7.8%) for single-drug resistance (SDR), but an increasing rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains (> or = 2 first-line drugs) from 1.7% in 1987 to 5.8% in 1993. Sixty nine percent of patients with MDR strains showed resistance to two drugs, and 31% to three or more drugs. Risk factors for SDR and MDR tuberculosis revealed previous therapy (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (95% CI)); SDR 2.2 (1.7-4.0); MDR 4.5 (2.3-8.8)); and foreign-born status (SDR 2.2 (1.3-3.6); MDR 3.5 (1.8-6.8)) to be the most important factors associated with resistance. Both primary and acquired resistance were higher in foreign-born than in German-born patients. We conclude that there was a considerable increase in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in our hospital from 1987 to 1993. Since previously treated patients and patients born in countries with a high level of primary resistance had an increased risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis, we would advise a four drug regimen as initial therapy in those patients.
Integrin α6β4 defines a novel lung epithelial progenitor cell: a step forward for cell-based therapies for pulmonary disease
Authors: Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The many challenges associated with lung transplantation provide a strong rationale for the development of cell- and tissue-based therapies for patients with respiratory failure caused by the loss of lung tissue that is associated with chronic pulmonary disease, injury, or resection. In this issue of the JCI, Chapman et al. take an important step forward in the development of regenerative medicine for the treatment of lung disease by identifying a novel integrin α6β4-expressing alveolar epithelial cell that serves as a multipotent progenitor during repair of the severely injured lung.
Drug-induced anti-histone autoantibodies display two patterns of reactivity with substructures of chromatin.
Authors: R W Burlingame, R L Rubin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Increasing evidence suggests that autoantibodies in the rheumatic diseases are a consequence of immune selection by self-material, but the nature of the in vivo immunogen is unknown. Insight into this problem may be obtained by measuring autoantibody binding to various forms of a target antigen. Antihistone antibodies arising as a side effect of therapy with various drugs offer an opportunity to explore this premise because many forms of histone have been characterized and adapted to ELISA formats. Two patterns of antibody reactivity were observed. All 21 patients with symptomatic procainamide-induced lupus and 7 of 12 patients with quinidine-induced lupus had IgG antibodies reacting predominantly with the (H2A-H2B)-DNA complex and with chromatin. In contrast, antibodies in 19 of 24 patients taking procainamide without accompanying lupus-like symptoms did not show any pattern. The second pattern was observed in 18/19 chlorpromazine-treated patients and 14/17 patients with hydralazine-induced lupus in which IgM antibodies displayed more reactivity with DNA-free histones than with the corresponding histone-DNA complexes and almost no binding to H1-stripped chromatin. Absorption studies were entirely consistent with these results. Thus, the two patterns of reactivity with nucleosomal components reflect the molecular substructure of chromatin, suggesting that two processes underlie antihistone antibody induction by drugs. In one, IgG autoantibodies appear to be elicited by chromatin, whereas in the other, autoimmune tolerance to native chromatin appears largely intact, and IgM antibodies may be driven by DNA-free histone.
PTH-097 How Common Is Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency In Secondary Care Gastroenterology Clinics? A Dual Centre Study
Authors: J Campbell, D Sanders, S Lee, H Taha, A Ramadas, J McGivern, M Kurien, R Sidhu, J Leeds, A Hopper, D Joy
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Post-mortem studies suggest that chronic pancreatitis is present in 6–12% of the population, yet the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is infrequent. We hypothesised that previously undetected pancreatic exocrine insufficiency is seen in unselected patients referred to secondary care gastroenterology clinics. <h3>Methods</h3> A multicentre retrospective analysis of all gastroenterology patients tested for faecal elastase (FEL-1) between 2009–13 was performed. In Sheffield and Middlesbrough a FEL-1 &lt;200 μg/g was defined as abnormal. Demographics, indication, co-morbidities and response to enzyme supplementation were recorded. Additionally, the findings of abdominal imaging were recorded. Prevalence of low FEL-1 was compared between the two centres (Fishers exact test). Binary logistic regression was used to determine if comorbidities could predict pancreatic insufficiency. <h3>Results</h3> 1887 patients (mean age 51.6, SD 16.91, 1144 females) were included. Sheffield’s group contained 1350 patients (mean age 49.1, SD 16.37, 857 females), and Middlesbrough’s 537 (mean age 57.9, SD 16.60, 287 female). The most common indication to test FEL-1 was diarrhoea (n = 1252), followed by abdominal pain (n = 378) and weight loss (n = 125). The overall prevalence of low FEL-1 was 11.4% (Sheffield 11.0% vs. Middlesbrough 22.9% p &lt; 0.0001). 13.7% (n = 171/1252) of patients with diarrhoea as the predominant symptom had FEL-1 &lt;200. Of those with abdominal pain and weight loss 12.4% (n = 47/378) and 27.2% (n = 35/125) had low FEL-1 respectively. 86.8% (n = 236) of patients with low FEL-1 had abdominal imaging, (MRI, CT or US). 50% of imaging was normal (n = 136), 33.1% (n = 90) demonstrated pancreatic pathology consistent with either chronic pancreatitis or malignancy. Binary logistical regression showed FEL-1 &lt;200 was strongly associated with excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, intrinsic pancreatic disease (malignant or non-malignant) and HIV infection (p &lt; 0.0001). 79% (n = 128) of patients treated with pancreatic enzyme supplementation subjectively reported benefit from therapy. 12.3% (n = 20) had no benefit and in 8.6% (n = 14) it was not possible to assess benefit from medical records. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the largest study to report detection of exocrine pancreatic disease in unselected gastroenterology clinics. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is strongly associated with diabetes mellitus, intrinsic pancreatic disease, high alcohol intake and HIV. Creon provides symptomatic benefit for those with pancreatic insufficiency, but further work is needed to establish appropriate dosage of enzyme supplementation. Clinicians should have a low threshold for checking FEL-1. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
IN VITRO DEMONSTRATION OF HUMORAL AND CELL-BOUND IMMUNITY AGAINST COMMON SPECIFIC TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGEN(S) OF ADENOVIRUS 12-INDUCED MOUSE AND HAMSTER TUMORS
Authors: Ingegerd Hellström, Hans O. Sjögren
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

A colony inhibition (CI) technique was used to demonstrate in vitro tumor-specific antigenicity common for neoplasms induced by the adenovirus type 12. Immunization of mice against syngeneic mouse adeno 12 tumor cells evoked immunity demonstrable against other adeno 12 neoplasms of mice and of hamster as well. The immunity was detected as antibody activity in the sera of specifically immunized mice and as a similar activity of the lymph node cells of these animals. The finding in transplantation experiments that infection with adenovirus types 12 and 7 induces an isograft immunity against adeno 12 tumors was confirmed by CI tests on the sera of virus-infected mice. The probable identity of the antigen detected by the CI technique and the tumor-specific transplantation antigen is discussed.