tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P115 Chronic Diesel Exhaust Particle (DEP) exposure differentially alters monocyte differentiation and function in healthy controls compared to COPD
Authors: N. Chaudhuri, H. Jary, S. Lea, N. Khan, L. C. Parker, D. Singh, I. Sabroe
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Alveolar macrophages are heavily implicated in the pathogenesis COPD. During chronic inflammation, macrophages mature continuously from infiltrating monocytes that are continually recruited to the airways. We have previously found DEP modulate life span and function of monocytes from healthy donors, but their effects on monocytes of people with COPD are unknown, and were therefore the subject of this study. <h3>Methods</h3> Monocytes were purified from the blood of patients with GOLD II/III COPD and healthy age matched controls Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were generated in the presence or absence of DEP and their lifespan studied. Cytokine generation in response to TLR agonists and heat killed bacteria was assessed by ELISA and expression of CD14 was measured by FACS. <h3>Results</h3> Chronic exposure of monocytes from patients with COPD to DEP concentrations above 10 μg/ml caused a significant reduction in cell survival. Lower concentration of chronic DEP exposure, as low as 1 μg/ml, caused impairment of cytokine responses to LPS and heat killed <i>Escherichia Coli</i>, and this phenotype was associated with a reduction in CD14 surface marker expression. However, COPD monocytes were generally more resistant to the effects of DEP compared to healthy control cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study monocytes from healthy volunteers appeared to be more susceptible to the harmful effects of chronic DEP exposure compared to those from individuals with COPD. These findings reinforce the evidence that circulating leukocytes in COPD patients have altered phenotypes.
Grand Rounds: An Outbreak of Toxic Hepatitis among Industrial Waste Disposal Workers
Authors: Hae-Kwan Cheong, Eun A Kim, Jung-Keun Choi, Sung-Bong Choi, Jeong-Ill Suh, Dae Seob Choi, Jung Ran Kim
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

ContextIndustrial waste (which is composed of various toxic chemicals), changes to the disposal process, and addition of chemicals should all be monitored and controlled carefully in the industrial waste industry to reduce the health hazard to workers.Case presentationFive workers in an industrial waste plant developed acute toxic hepatitis, one of whom died after 3 months due to fulminant hepatitis. In the plant, we detected several chemicals with hepatotoxic potential, including pyridine, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and methylenedianiline. The workers had been working in the high-vapor-generating area of the plant, and the findings of pathologic examination showed typical features of acute toxic hepatitis.DiscussionInfectious hepatitis and drug-induced hepatitis were excluded by laboratory findings, as well as the clinical course of hepatitis. All cases of toxic hepatitis in this plant developed after the change of the disposal process to thermochemical reaction–type treatment using unslaked lime reacted with industrial wastes. During this chemical reaction, vapor containing several toxic materials was generated. Although we could not confirm the definitive causative chemical, we suspect that these cases of hepatitis were caused by one of the hepatotoxic agents or by a synergistic interaction among several of them.Relevance to clinical or professional practiceIn the industrial waste treatment process, the danger of developing toxic hepatitis should be kept in mind, because any subtle change of the treatment process can generate various toxic materials and threaten the workers' health. A mixture of hepatotoxic chemicals can induce clinical manifestations that are quite different from those predicted by the toxic property of a single agent.
A SIMPLE VOLTAGE/MASS INDEX IMPROVES DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS: AN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF 570 PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Candida Cristina Quarta, Stefano Perlini, Simone Longhi, Alessandra Berardini, Francesco Musca, Francesco Salinaro, Laura Obici, Agnese Milandri, Pamela Gallo, Christian Gagliardi, Elena Biagini, Francesca Mingardi, Chiara Pazzi, Giampaolo Merlini, Claudio Rapezzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Common childhood problems: variation in management
Authors: D. Jewell, J. Bain
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A patient management questionnaire was written to assess the range of advice being offered to parents on common paediatric problems. It was sent to hospital doctors, clinical medical officers, health visitors, and general practitioner trainers and trainees. In the 95 completed questionnaires just over half the items elicited conflicting advice, and some differences between different professional groups could be identified. It is suggested that such conflicts are potentially damaging to relationships between patients and health care professionals and that there are ways to avoid conflict.
Endoscopic plastic stenting for bile duct stones: stent changing on demand or every 3 months. A prospective comparison study
Authors: Pietro Di Giorgio, Gianpiero Manes, Enzo Grimaldi, Michele Schettino, Alessandra D’Alessandro, Andrea Di Giorgio, Francesco Giannattasio
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy and stone removal is the standard of care for choledocholithiasis, with a success rate of > 90 %. For stones ≤ 25 mm diameter, mechanical lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, and laser lithotripsy can be used. In the case of failure, the next step is surgery. In elderly patients and in patients with an elevated surgical risk, stenting is the only treatment modality. In these cases the aim is to avoid the onset of acute obstructive cholangitis. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the best management of plastic stents in patients with biliary duct stones who were unfit for surgery and in whom previous endoscopic therapy had failed. <b>Methods:</b> Patients who were high surgical risks and in whom stone clearance was not possible due to the number and sizes of stones were included. Between March 2008 and September 2010 all patients were treated with endoscopic plastic biliary stenting at four tertiary care referral centers in Italy. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: in Group A (n = 39) plastic stents were changed every 3 months or sooner if symptoms appeared; in Group B plastic stents were changed on demand at the onset of symptoms, and ultrasonography and blood samples were performed every 3 months to check for signs of cholestasis and inflammation. The primary outcome was the rate of cholangitis. The secondary outcome was the rate of stone clearance after a period of stenting. <b>Results:</b> A total of 78 patients were included in the study (43 M/35F; mean age 76 years). Acute cholangitis occurred in 3 patients from Group A and in 14 patients from Group B (<i>P</i> = 0.03). Mortality related to cholangitis occurred in one patient from Group A and three patients from Group B (<i>P</i> = n.s.). The mean follow-up was 13.5 months (range 2 – 23). Stone clearance after long term stenting occurred in 24 patients from Group A (61.5 %) and in 21 patients from group B (53.8 %) (<i>P</i> = n.s.). <b>Conclusions:</b> In patients with bile duct stones who were treated with biliary plastic stents, the best stent management to avoid cholangitis was stent changing at defined intervals (every 3 months in the current study). The data confirmed that plastic biliary stenting may decrease stone size with a high percentage of subsequent total stone clearance.
The effect of diabetes on outcomes of patients with advanced heart failure in the BEST trial
Authors: Michael Domanski, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Prakash Deedwania, Dean Follmann, Jalal K Ghali, Edward Gilbert, Steven Haffner, Richard Katz, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Brian D Lowes, Wade Martin, Frank McGrew, Michael R Bristow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Victorian nurses' strike.
Authors: J Knight
Journal: BMJ (1987)

On the Friday before Christmas the nurses went back to work in Victoria after a strike lasting 50 days. As the employers?effectively the Victorian government in the shape of the minister for health, Mr David White?seem to have conceded almost everything that the Royal Australasian Nursing Federation (RANF) had been requesting for months before the strike did the health care services in Victoria have to be disrupted? The answer may lie in economics. When hospitals are not paying nurses and not taking in patients, who have to be fed and given clean linen as a minimum, they should cost less to run. The Australian Labour party (ALP) state government, like the ALP federal government in Canberra, has accepted that the current economic crisis in Australia can be overcome only by cutting government expenditure. If the federal government is cutting spending the states have to do likewise because most of their funds come from the federal government. Cutting spending on health in the states means cutting spending on hospitals. In 1975 the federal government started providing half the operating costs of state hospitals. After two years and a change of government the arrangement was not renewed and the seeds of the recent nurses' strike were sown. In 1977 the Victorian government introduced staff ceilings in all government hospitals. Those ceilings are still in force today despite changes in technology and workload in the past decade. During this period the nursing shortage has steadily increased helped by the inadequate rates of pay, which positively penalise anyone making a career out of bedside nursing. Some years ago there was a dispute about non-nursing duties, which was settled by the provision of ward clerks and bed makers. Two years ago in an effort to get extra staffing for intensive care units there was a period of no elective admissions. This brought some hospitals almost to a close. The result ofthat action was a small improvement in the staffing ratios but no extra money to pay the nurses.
THE REPAIR OF DEFECTS OF THE URETER
Authors: DANIEL N. EISENDRATH
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The surgeon is often confronted with a case in which a normal functionating kidney might be saved if a portion of the diseased ureter could be removed and the defect corrected either by some form of anastomosis of the severed ends or by substituting another structure for the removed segment of the ureter. Anastomosis of the two ends has been seldom successful in the human being, when the ureter was divided either accidentally during operation or by injury or intentionally during the removal of a diseased segment. The various methods which can be employed for an anastomosis of the severed ends are (<i>a</i>) end-to-end, (<i>b</i>) end-to-side (Van Hook), and (<i>c</i>) invagination methods (D. Antona). Of these the ingenious method of Van Hook seems the most rational. It is superfluous to quote the technic here, since it is so well illustrated and described in all of the standard text-books of surgery.
Over the Counter Drugs: The interface between the community pharmacist and patients
Authors: C. M Bond, C. Bradley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Pharmacists play an important part in primary health care, and their accessibility is a key factor. Their NHS payments relate predominantly to the dispensing of prescribed medicines; to recognise the service element of their advisory role, an NHS funded professional fee could be built into the cost structure for pharmacy medicines. The increased number of medicines available over the counter has highlighted the need for training for counter assistants; it will become compulsory in July 1996, and some family health services authorities are providing this. The shift to care in the community could mean that pharmacists will have an even greater role in the primary health care team. Encouraging the public to seek advice from the community pharmacist may lead to a greater proportion of visits to doctors resulting from referrals from the pharmacist. Joint development by pharmacists and doctors of guidelines for advice on, and recommendation of, over the counter medicines is needed.
Uncertainty still surrounds oseltamivir after 13 year old dies
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Not enough studies have yet been done to determine the most effective way of using the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and other antivirals against the H5N1 strain of avian influenza, a leading expert has warned. “In terms of dose, time, or strategy, all the studies have so far been done on H3N1 and H1N1 flu,” said Professor Robert Webster, of the division of virology at St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, and visiting professor at the University of Hong Kong's department of virology. “It is inevitable that we will get …
A novel scoring sytem for the histological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic liver
Authors: A. Quaglia, A. Dhillon, R. Colombari, R. Togni, P. Dalla Palma, F. Michelis, P. Bioulac-Sage, C. Balabaud, M. Winnock, A.K. Burroughs, A.P. Dhillon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Spanish drug editor wins case brought by Merck, Sharp &amp; Dohme
Authors: Liza Gibson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A victory for all independent drug bulletins was declared last week when Professor Joan-Ramon Laporte, the editor of Spain's Butlleti Groc , won a district court case brought against it by the pharmaceutical company Merck, Sharp & Dohme.

The multinational firm had sued the editor and the publisher of the bulletin, the Catalan Institute of Pharmacology, over an article that the bulletin had published in 2002. The company said that the article had contained false and inaccurate information about the trial of one of its drugs, the Vioxx gastrointestinal outcomes research (VIGOR) trial, which looked at the safety of its arthritis drug, rofecoxib (24 January, p 188). …
X-Linked Dominant Growth Suppression of Transplanted Tumors in C57BL/6J-<i>scid</i>Mice
Authors: Mark Wood, Taturo Udagawa, Yasuhiro Hida, Robert J. D'Amato
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Tumor susceptibility, angiogenesis, and immune response differ between mouse strains. We, therefore, examined the growth rates of tumor xenografts in three genetically isolated strains of severe combined immunodeficient mice (C.B-17, C57BL/6J, and C3H). Tumors grew at significantly reduced rates in the C57BL/6J-scid strain. Engrafting bone marrow from the C57BL/6J-scid strain onto C.B-17-scid mice did not transfer the slow-growing tumor phenotype to the recipient mice; this counters the supposition that the slow-growing tumor phenotype is caused by a greater immune response to the xenograft in the C57BL/6J-scid strain. To establish the inheritance pattern of the slow-growing tumor phenotype, we reciprocally crossed C.B-17-scid mice and C57BL/6J-scid mice. Tumor growth was suppressed in all of the F1 progeny except the male mice derived from the cross between C.B-17-scid female and C57BL/6J-scid male mice. The F1 male mice that received the X chromosome from the C.B-17 strain displayed a fast-growing tumor phenotype. These results confirm that there are significant strain differences in capacity to support the growth of tumor xenografts. In addition, these results reveal the existence of a dominant allele involved in host suppression of tumor growth on the X chromosome of C57BL/6J mice.
THE ETIOLOGY OF TYPHOID FEVER
Authors: VICTOR C. VAUGHAN
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A NEW INCISION FOR EPITHELIOMA OF UPPER AND LOWER LIPS OF SAME SIDE
Authors: WALTER S. SUTTON
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The incision described is an adaptation of the principles of the well-known Dowd operation to the removal of a growth involving both upper and lower lips. This readily appears from the similarly-lettered sketches presented herewith. In the Dowd operation, as in its predecessor, the Malgaigne, it is usually necessary to excise a triangle (E F G Fig. 2), from the upper half of the cheek in order that the tension necessary to bring the lower flaps together may not produce a wrinkle in this location. In the absence of involvement of the upper lip this triangle may be taken out at any convenient point. If, however, there is involvement of the upper lip this triangle may be made of such size and placed in such a location as to remove it (E F G
Integrated Whole-Body PET/MRI With 18F-FDG, 18F-FDOPA, and 18F-FDA in Paragangliomas in Comparison With PET/CT
Authors: Elise M. Blanchet, Corina Millo, Victoria Martucci, Roberto Maass-Moreno, David A. Bluemke, Karel Pacak
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Paragangliomas (PGLs) are tumors that can metastasize and recur; therefore, lifelong imaging follow-up is required. Hybrid PET/CT is an essential tool to image PGLs. Novel hybrid PET/MRI scanners are currently being studied in clinical oncology. We studied the feasibility of simultaneous whole-body PET/MRI to evaluate patients with PGLs.Fifty-three PGLs or PGL-related lesions from 8 patients were evaluated. All patients underwent a single-injection, dual-modality imaging protocol consisting of a PET/CT and a subsequent PET/MRI scan. Four patients were evaluated with F-FDG, 2 with F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine, and 2 with F-fluorodopamine. PET/MRI data were acquired using a hybrid whole-body 3-tesla integrated PET/MRI scanner. PET and MRI data (Dixon sequence for attenuation correction and T2-weighted sequences for anatomic allocation) were acquired simultaneously. Imaging workflow and imaging times were documented. PET/MRI and PET/CT data were visually assessed (blindly) in regards to image quality, lesion detection, and anatomic allocation and delineation of the PET findings.With hybrid PET/MRI, we obtained high-quality images in an acceptable acquisition time (median, 31 minutes; range, 25-40 minutes) with good patient compliance. A total of 53 lesions, located in the head and neck area (6 lesions), mediastinum (2 lesions), abdomen and pelvis (13 lesions), lungs (2 lesions), liver (4 lesions), and bones (26 lesions), were evaluated. Fifty-one lesions were detected with PET/MRI and confirmed by PET/CT. Two bone lesions (L4 body, 8 mm, and sacrum, 6 mm) were not detectable on an F-FDA scan PET/MRI, likely because F-FDA was washed out between PET/CT and PET/MRI acquisitions. Coregistered MRI tended to be superior to coregistered CT for head and neck, abdomen, pelvis, and liver lesions for anatomic allocation and delineation.Clinical PGL evaluation with hybrid PET/MRI is feasible with high-quality image and can be obtained in a reasonable time. It could be particularly beneficial for the pediatric population and for precise lesion definition in the head and neck, abdomen, pelvis, and liver.
ON SOME CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
Authors: H. Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1914)

The appointment of a Royal Commission on Venereal Dis eases having recently directed our attention, amongst other matters, to congenital syphilis, and congenital syphilis being unfortunately so prevalent that no practitioner can go very long without encountering it in his work, a consideration of some of its clinical manifestations may be useful at the present time. Some of the cases used as the basis of this paper are taken from the earlier years of my connexion with the Infirmary for Children, and some of them are not typical, but rather of the class into which an element of doubt has entered, but they are none the worse illustrations on that account.
A Novel Lung Cancer Signature Mediates Metastatic Bone Colonization by a Dual Mechanism
Authors: Silvestre Vicent, Diego Luis-Ravelo, Iker Antón, Ignacio García-Tuñón, Francisco Borrás-Cuesta, Javier Dotor, Javier De Las Rivas, Fernando Lecanda
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Bone is a frequent target of lung cancer metastasis, which is associated with significant morbidity and a dismal prognosis. To identify and functionally characterize genes involved in the mechanisms of osseous metastasis, we developed a murine lung cancer model. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified genes encoding signaling molecules (such as TCF4 and PRKD3) and cell anchorage–related proteins (MCAM and SUSD5), some of which were basally modulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in tumor cells and in conditions mimicking tumor-stromal interactions. Triple gene combinations induced not only high osteoclastogenic activity but also a marked enhancement of global metalloproteolytic activities in vitro. These effects were strongly associated with robust bone colonization in vivo, whereas this gene subset was ineffective in promoting local tumor growth and cell homing activity to bone. Interestingly, global inhibition of metalloproteolytic activities and simultaneous TGF-β blockade in vivo led to increased survival and a remarkable attenuation of bone tumor burden and osteolytic metastasis. Thus, this metastatic gene signature mediates bone matrix degradation by a dual mechanism of induction of TGF-β–dependent osteoclastogenic bone resorption and enhancement of stroma-dependent metalloproteolytic activities. Our findings suggest the cooperative contribution of host-derived and cell autonomous effects directed by a small subset of genes in mediating aggressive osseous colonization. [Cancer Res 2008;68(7):2275–85]
Unpasteurized milk. The hazards of a health fetish
Authors: M. E. Potter
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Meaningful differences in nutritional value between pasteurized and unpasteurized milk have not been demonstrated, and other purported benefits of raw milk consumption have not been substantiated. Conversely, the role of unpasteurized dairy products in the transmission of infectious diseases has been established repeatedly. To effectively counsel patients attracted by the health claims made for raw milk, practicing physicians must understand both the rationale used by proponents of raw milk and the magnitude of the risk involved in drinking raw milk.
Disparate Evolution of Right and Left Atrial Rate During Ablation of Long-Lasting Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mélèze Hocini, Isabelle Nault, Matthew Wright, George Veenhuyzen, Sanjiv M. Narayan, Pierre Jaïs, Kang-Teng Lim, Sébastien Knecht, Seiichiro Matsuo, Andrei Forclaz, Shinsuke Miyazaki, Amir Jadidi, Mark D. O'Neill, Frédéric Sacher, Jacques Clémenty, Michel Haïssaguerre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)