tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Failure of interferon alfa and tribavirin in rabies encephalitis.
Authors: M. J. Warrell, N. J. White, S. Looareesuwan, R. E. Phillips, P. Suntharasamai, P. Chanthavanich, M. Riganti, S. P. Fisher-Hoch, K. G. Nicholson, S. Manatsathit
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To test the effect of interferon alfa and tribavirin (ribavirin) in patients with rabies encephalitis. DESIGN--An open trial of chemotherapy and intensive care in patients with early rabies. SETTING--The intensive care unit of a Bangkok hospital. PATIENTS--Four conscious men with clinical rabies encephalitis. INTERVENTIONS--Rapid virological diagnosis of rabies. Treatment with intravenous and intraventricular injections of high doses of lymphoblastoid interferon alfa in three patients and tribavirin in one patient. Intensive care was given throughout. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Rabies infection confirmed by antigen detection and virus isolation. Rabies neutralising antibody and specific IgM sought in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Interferon concentrations monitored before and during treatment in three patients. RESULTS--Interferon alfa treatment produced high concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. All four patients died after 5 1/2 to 12 1/2 days of treatment with no evidence of virostatic or clinically beneficial effects from either treatment. CONCLUSION--Interferon alfa treatment is not effective in rabies encephalitis. The use of tribavirin warrants further study, possibly combined with new therapeutic methods.
The Soda Crush
Authors: Jay E. Rissover
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I found the article by Dr Cosio<sup>1</sup>concerning soda pop vending machine injuries to be analytic, amusing, dismaying, and somewhat irritating. First, I must applaud the scholarly method in which he analyzed the vast amounts of force that can generated by a simple soda pop vending machine. I was amused even to find an article referring to soda pop vending machines in<i>JAMA</i>in the first place. I was quite dismayed that so many serious injuries could be attributed to falling vending machines. However, the article's conclusion and abstract irritated me in their shortsightedness. The author concluded that the vending machine companies must redesign their machines, and that this was the cause for 15 injuries, including three deaths. Obviously, thousands to millions of people use these machines regularly without injury or death. The cause of death was misuse of the machine. Nowhere in the instructions on
Hygeia: a healthy city
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2010)

“Hell is a city,” wrote the poet Shelley. And countless city dwellers, from the inhabitants of ancient Athens, battling plague, to the residents of 21st century Toronto, barricading themselves against severe acute respiratory syndrome, would agree. Ever since the first clustering of humans into tightly knit communities unleashed waves of infectious diseases, citizens have bemoaned their urban environment.

Yet the idea of a healthy city is not just a utopian dream. Or so the physician and public health reformer Benjamin Ward Richardson (1828-96) insisted when he unveiled his vision of Hygeia, a City of Health to the Social Science Association in 1875.

Impelled to a career in medicine by the …
Effect of Griseofulvin in Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: Allan G. Redeker, Rex E. Sterling, Ronald S. Bronow
Journal: JAMA (1964)

REPORTS HAVE RECENTLY appeared describing a peculiar hepatotoxic effect in mice fed large doses of the antifungal antibiotic griseofulvin.<sup>1,2</sup>In these studies, in addition to hepatocellular changes, evidence of a marked disturbance in hepatic pyrrole and porphyrin pigment metabolism was present. With these results in mind, we have investigated the effect of ordinary therapeutic doses of griseofulvin in two patients with an inborn error of pyrrole pigment metabolism, acute intermittent porphyria. The subjects of this study were two patients with acute porphyria in clinical remission. Patient 1 was a 31-year-old man who had suffered his first attack of clinical porphyria in July, 1958, and had suffered four distinct acute attacks since. In each instance, the urine contained large amounts of porphobilinogen (Ehrlich aldehyde complex insoluble in chloroform and butyl alcohol), and variable increases in uroporphyrin. Fecal porphyrin excretion was determined during two acute episodes, revealing increased fecal excretion of
Pelvic lipomatosis. Case of inferior vena caval obstruction
Authors: R. C. Locko
Journal: JAMA (1980)

PELVIC lipomatosis is a term used by Fogg and Smyth1in 1968 to describe the overgrowth of normal fatty tissue, limited to the perirectal and perivesical spaces in the pelvis. This entity initially was reported by Engles in the five cases with radiolucent changes surrounding the pelvic viscera.2Since that time, approximately 60 cases have been reported. Its clinical and roentgenographic findings are well established, as are the major complications of infection and urinary tract obstruction. The association of pelvic lipomatosis and inferior vena caval obstruction has been made by Schechter in a single case report.3Further review of the literature yielded the report of congenital venous anomalies associated with pelvic lipomatosis.4To our knowledge, ours is the second report of pelvic lipomatosis as a primary disease entity with a resultant vena caval obstruction.  Report of a Case  A previously healthy 30-year-old man was admitted to The
Genomic instability of gold nanoparticle treated human lung fibroblast cells
Authors: Jasmine J. Li, Soo-Ling Lo, Cheng-Teng Ng, Resham Lal Gurung, Deny Hartono, Manoor Prakash Hande, Choon-Nam Ong, Boon-Huat Bay, Lin-Yue Lanry Yung
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Allopurinol enhanced adenine nucleotide repletion after myocardial ischemia in the isolated rat heart.
Authors: R D Lasley, S W Ely, R M Berne, R M Mentzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Allopurinol, a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, has been shown to have a protective effect on ischemic myocardium, but its mechanism of action remains controversial. We used an isolated rat heart preparation to test the hypothesis that allopurinol could restore adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and improve the recovery of left ventricular function after global myocardial ischemia. Hearts were equilibrated for 30 min, subjected to 10 min of global, normothermic (37 degrees C) ischemia, and reperfused for 15, 30, and 60 min. Hearts treated with allopurinol (100 microM) exhibited greater ATP levels and improved function during reperfusion than did untreated control hearts. Hearts treated with hypoxanthine (100 microM), the substrate for xanthine oxidase, also showed increased ATP and functional recovery compared with controls. These results suggest that allopurinol may protect the globally ischemic myocardium by enhancing the salvage of hypoxanthine for reincorporation into adenine nucleotides.
The Pathophysiology of Combined Injury and Trauma: Management of Infectious Complications in Mass Casualty Situations
Authors: Abraham Verghese
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This book represents the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Pathophysiology of Combined Injury and Trauma, edited by investigators from the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Md. The term "combined injury" refers to the effects of radiation, wounds, burns, and blunt trauma in various combinations often occurring acutely and simultaneously. Clearly, this is a topic of both historical and contemporary importance. Major gains in this area are reflected in the tremendous salvage of life and limb in Vietnam compared with World War I. The first section of the book, "Mass Casualties: Management and Infectious Complications," details the experience of trauma surgeons in Vietnam and Israel and during the Falkland Island campaign. Very few hard data are presented, and the style is somewhat anecdotal. The chapter by Basil Pruitt from the Brook Army Medical Center on opportunistic infection in the severely injured patient is an excellent review of
Transferable Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: K. P. Carpenter, W. T. Drabble
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BRMTSH 1553 direct effect on renal tubular handling of calcium).The hypercalciuria may itself then lead to a compensatory intestinal over- absorption as follows: Sarcoid hypercalcaemia 4, or -hypercalciuria-FhY ercalciuria] hypercalciuria renal damage increased increased intestinal intestinal absorption absorptionThese authors produce a good deal of evidence that this sequence of events may occur in other conditions, such as in the pharmacological state of vitamin-D over- dosage.' a " Intestinal compensation" for high urinary-calcium loss must normally be occur- ring all the time, since different normal adults may have consistently different urinary calcium outputs, ranging from 50 mg.in some cases to 400 mg.per day in others.These great individual variations of urinary calcium in normal adults, the relative constancy of urinary-calcium excretion in each subject over long periods under normal conditions, and the extremely small changes produced in urinary calcium by great changes in calcium intake, have been fully attested on a large scale by Knapp,6 Nicolaysen et al.,' and Hodgkinson and Pyrah.' Yet, whatever the natural level of urinary calcium may be, each normal adult maintains a net bodily balance for calcium when considered over long periods.Thus his intestinal absorption must be naturally compensating and attuning itself to the level of urinary loss.The absorptive calcium " barrier " is therefore controlled by the urinary output.However good or poor this general theory may turn out to be, it must surely be clear that over-absorption cannot be the primary lesion of calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis.We believe it to be a compensatory phenomenon.-Weare, etc.,
Correlation between echocardiographic endocardial surface mapping of abnormal wall motion and pathologic infarct size in autopsied hearts.
Authors: G T Wilkins, J F Southern, C Y Choong, J D Thomas, J T Fallon, D E Guyer, A E Weyman
Journal: Circulation (1988)

We previously developed a cross-sectional echocardiographic technique for quantitatively mapping the endocardial surface of the left ventricle and on which regions of abnormal wall motion can be superimposed in their correct spatial distribution. This endocardial mapping technique (EMT) provides a measure of the left ventricular endocardial surface area (ESA in cm2), the area of abnormal wall motion (AWM in cm2), and the overall percent dysfunction (%AWM) as a measure of the functional "infarct size." To test this approach, we compared the EMT measurements with the actual endocardial surface area (in cm2) and pathologic infarct size (both percent infarct by volume and percent endocardial surface overlying infarct) measured at later autopsy in 20 adults (14 men, six women) ranging in age from 47 to 76 years (mean 64 +/- 9.6 years). The median interval from echocardiographic study to death was 19 days (range 1 to 269 days). Patients were divided into two groups based on the age of their infarcts at the time of death: (1) recent (infarct age less than 14 days; mean age 5.3 +/- 4.6 days) and (2) old (infarct age greater than 6 months; mean age 3.6 +/- 3 years). When the left ventricular endocardial surface area at autopsy was compared with the EMT-derived ESA, a close correlation was found (EMT area = 1.17 X autopsy area + 20.4; r = .94, p = .0001), with the systematic difference in the measurements accounted for by systolic arrest, loss of distending pressure, and specimen shrinkage. The echocardiographic measure of infarct size (%AWM) correlated well with the autopsy percent infarction by volume (%AWM = 1.1 X infarct volume + 5.5; r = .82, p = .0001). Similarly, a good correlation was found for the percent abnormal wall motion and the autopsy percent endocardial surface area overlying infarction (%AWM = 0.89 X infarct area - 0.9; r = .89, p = .0001). When the data were examined in relation to the age of the myocardial infarct, the echocardiographic %AWM appeared to overestimate the autopsy infarct size (by percent infarct volume) in the recent infarct group (n = 6), and underestimate the extent in the old infarct group (n = 13). The findings suggest that the EMT will provide a useful quantitative measure of left ventricular endocardial surface area and the extent of ischemic/infarct-related dysfunction.
Menopause and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: WILLIAM B. KANNEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The relation of menopause to cardiovascular disease incidence was examined in women less than 55 years old from the cohort of 2873 women in the initial Framingham examination. Although the number of person-years of experience during the 20 years of observation was nearly the same for premenopausal and postmenopausal status, there were only 20 cardiovascular events among the premenopausal women in this age group whereas 70 events occurred among the postmenopausal women of the same age. In each specific age group studied incidence rates were lower in premenopausal than postmenopausal women. This was also true for coronary heart disease. Contrast for "hard" diagnoses of cardiovascular disease (excluding diagnoses of angina pectoris and intermittent claudication) was in the same direction. Although cholesterol and hemoglobin did rise somewhat more steeply in women undergoing the menopause, this greater incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women could not be explained by the influence of the menopause on the usual cardiovascular risk factors.
Severe toxaemia of pregnancy.
Authors: D D Mathews
Journal: BMJ (1972)

the patient with clear-cut communicating hydrocephalus, the patient with epilepsy, the two patients intoxicated by drugs, the eight depressed patients, and the patient with mania.If we had wished to press the point we might have included 24 other patients in whom the results of investigation could have led to some attempt to treat the patients or their relatives; that is, treatment for the seven hypertensive patients with arteriosclerotic dementia, treatment for the six alcoholics, genetic counselling for the relatives of three patients with Huntington's chorea, symptomatic therapy for the five patients with malignant brain tumours, and even experimental antiviral treatment for the three patients with Creutzfeldt-Jacob's disease.-Weare, etc.,
Birth Outcomes and Maternal Residential Proximity to Natural Gas Development in Rural Colorado
Authors: Lisa M. McKenzie, Ruixin Guo, Roxana Z. Witter, David A. Savitz, Lee S. Newman, John L. Adgate
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Birth defects are a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Natural gas development (NGD) emits several potential teratogens, and U.S. production of natural gas is expanding.We examined associations between maternal residential proximity to NGD and birth outcomes in a retrospective cohort study of 124,842 births between 1996 and 2009 in rural Colorado.We calculated inverse distance weighted natural gas well counts within a 10-mile radius of maternal residence to estimate maternal exposure to NGD. Logistic regression, adjusted for maternal and infant covariates, was used to estimate associations with exposure tertiles for congenital heart defects (CHDs), neural tube defects (NTDs), oral clefts, preterm birth, and term low birth weight. The association with term birth weight was investigated using multiple linear regression.Prevalence of CHDs increased with exposure tertile, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 for the highest tertile (95% CI: 1.2, 1.5); NTD prevalence was associated with the highest tertile of exposure (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.0, 3.9, based on 59 cases), compared with the absence of any gas wells within a 10-mile radius. Exposure was negatively associated with preterm birth and positively associated with fetal growth, although the magnitude of association was small. No association was found between exposure and oral clefts.In this large cohort, we observed an association between density and proximity of natural gas wells within a 10-mile radius of maternal residence and prevalence of CHDs and possibly NTDs. Greater specificity in exposure estimates is needed to further explore these associations.
Angiographic Assessment for Coronary Bypass Surgery.
Authors: Barry S. Neidorf
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Angiographic Assessment for Coronary Bypass Surgery.Barry S. Neidorf, M.D., Hratch Kasparian, M.D., Leslie Wiener, M.D., F.A.C.P., James J. Rafter, M.D., Albert N. Brest, M.D., F.A.C.P.Barry S. Neidorf, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Hratch Kasparian, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Leslie Wiener, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, James J. Rafter, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Albert N. Brest, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-867_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAssessment of patients by selective coronary arteriography and left cineventriculography has become increasingly relevant with the development of promising techniques in coronary bypass surgery. As an indicator of feasibility for such surgery, 100 consecutive patients with symptomatic coronary heart disease and at least one major coronary artery obstructed by a minimum of 75% were reviewed. The angiocardiographic data were classified according to which of the following criteria each case satisfied: [1] well-visualized distal portion of the obstructed vessel(s) without sigvisualized nificant distal lesions greater than 50% ("good run-off"); and [2] absence of left ventricular akinesis or dyskinesis as judged by... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 867-867KeywordsAngiographyCardiac surgeryCoronary arteriesCoronary heart diseaseLesionsStable coronary artery diseaseSurgery Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Seeing is believing
Authors: B. Diffey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Seeing is believing Get access B. Diffey B. Diffey Dermatological Sciences Institute of Cellular Medicine University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 2, 1 August 2013, Page 240, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12407 Published: 01 August 2013
THE PRINCIPLES AND MECHANICS OF ABDOMINAL DRAINAGE.
Authors: ROBERT C. COFFEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Two notably scientific papers have been published in this country which have dealt somewhat with this phase of the subject of abdominal drainage. One was published by Dr. John G. Clark<sup>1</sup>and the other by Dr. John L. Yates.<sup>2</sup>Many other papers on the subject have been published, but these cover most of the ground and furnish us with all the fundamental principles so far developed either by original work or reference to the work of others. Clark demonstrated that fluids and solids may pass through the endothelial layer of the peritoneum, fluids in many places, the solid particles only through the spaces of the diaphragm. He found the diaphragmatic portion of the peritoneum capable of absorbing much gross material. He found, too, by autopsy and on the living patient that the drainage tract, no matter what material was used, always contained organisms of some kind. He also
Carotenemia vs Jaundice
Authors: Joseph W. Leonard
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Included in the differential diagnosis of jaundice is the yellow tint of the skin caused by carotene. A recent clinical observation differentiated these entities.  The patient was a 28-year-old woman who was referred for evaluation of a yellow color to her skin. She had felt well except for some loss of visual acuity. In addition to oral contraceptives, she ingested many vitamins and food supplements including multivitamin tablets (Theragran M); vitamins C, E, D, and A; wheat germ oil; desiccated liver; brewer's yeast; zinc; bone meal and kelp tablets; and lecithin capsules. Her diet contained ample yellow, carotene-containing vegetables. Abnormal physical findings were limited to the skin, which showed a striking yellow color, most notable on the palms of the hands, the knees, and the soles of the feet. This was clearly evident when viewed under artificial light but barely discernible when viewed in natural light. The
Leukemic evolution of donor-derived cells harboring IDH2 and DNMT3A mutations after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: T Yasuda, T Ueno, K Fukumura, A Yamato, M Ando, H Yamaguchi, M Soda, M Kawazu, E Sai, Y Yamashita, M Murata, H Kiyoi, T Naoe, H Mano
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Age of Puberty in the Tropics
Authors: R. W. B. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To develop a classification of sexual partner types for use in partner notification (PN) for STIs. <h3>Methods</h3> A four-step process: (1) an iterative synthesis of five sources of evidence: scoping review of social and health sciences literature on partner types; analysis of relationship types in dating apps; systematic review of PN intervention content; and review of PN guidelines; qualitative interviews with public, patients and health professionals to generate an initial comprehensive classification; (2) multidisciplinary clinical expert consultation to revise the classification; (3) piloting of the revised classification in sexual health clinics during a randomised controlled trial of PN; (4) application of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify index patients' willingness to engage in PN for each partner type. <h3>Results</h3> Five main partner types emerged from the evidence synthesis and consultation: 'established partner', 'new partner', 'occasional partner', 'one-off partner' and 'sex worker'. The types differed across several dimensions, including likely perceptions of sexual exclusivity, likelihood of sex reoccurring between index patient and sex partner. Sexual health professionals found the classification easy to operationalise. During the trial, they assigned all 3288 partners described by 2223 index patients to a category. The TDF analysis suggested that the partner types might be associated with different risks of STI reinfection, onward transmission and index patients' engagement with PN. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We developed an evidence-informed, useable classification of five sexual partner types to underpin PN practice and other STI prevention interventions. Analysis of biomedical, psychological and social factors that distinguish different partner types shows how each could warrant a tailored PN approach. This classification could facilitate the use of partner-centred outcomes. Additional studies are needed to determine the utility of the classification to improve measurement of the impact of PN strategies and help focus resources.
The detection and measurement of circulating gastrin-like activity by bioassay
Authors: D. G. Colin-Jones, J. E. Lennard-Jones
Journal: Gut (1972)

A perfused rat stomach technique which can detect synthetic human gastrin I in amounts greater than 10 ng and measure by block assay amounts greater than 50 ng was used to study circulating gastrin-like activity in normal subjects, patients with peptic ulcer, and patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. No detectable activity was found in normal subjects or patients with gastric ulcer before or after meals. No activity was found in the fasting plasma of patients with duodenal ulcer but after meals activity could be detected in duplicate samples in seven of 20 patients. In nine proven cases of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastrin-like activity in the plasma ranged from 15 to 356 ng/ml. The gastrin-like content of two tumours was 6.4 and 29.1 mug/g of tissue. The significance of these findings in relation to immunoassay is described.