tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Passive smoking increases children's risk of nasal cancer
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Passive smoking in childhood may increase the risk of nasal cancer, says a study of children whose parents had lung cancer. The incidence of bladder and kidney cancer was also greater in the offspring, possibly as a result of exposure to tobacco carcinogens either in the womb or through breast feeding, say researchers writing online in the International Journal of Cancer on 10 August (http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/, doi: 10.1002/ijc.21387).

Although the carcinogenic effects of active smoking have been seen at many sites, the effects of passive smoking and exposure in pregnancy and breastfeeding are less well documented, say the researchers.

The authors used …
Rhinitis caused by ninhydrin develops into occupational asthma
Authors: P Piirila, T Estlander, M Hytonen, H Keskinen, O Tupasela, M Tuppurainen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Ninhydrin (2,2-dihydroxy-1,3-indanedione or 1,2,3-triketo-hydrindene hydrate) is a chemical used in the detection of free amino and carboxyl groups in proteins and peptides. Allergic, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated rhinitis caused by ninhydrin was diagnosed earlier in a 41 yr old woman working as a laboratory technician in a forensic laboratory. Despite handling ninhydrin only in a flow cabinet, symptoms of dyspnoea developed 6 months later. Peak flow was found to vary by 20% during working days. In the specific inhalation challenge it was shown that occupational asthma had also developed due to continuing slight exposure to ninhydrin. The titre of ninhydrin-specific IgE also increased from 0.6 to 1.1 kU x L(-1) in the follow-up. This case stresses the importance of cessation of allergen exposure in occupational allergic rhinitis, in order to prevent asthma.
Severe congenital neutropenia with unique features of dysgranulopoiesis
Authors: Alton L. Lightsey, Richard T. Parmley, William L. Marsh, Aruna K. Garg, William J. Thomas, Baruch Wolach, Laurence A. Boxer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Congenital dysgranulopietic neutropenia (CDN) is a recently proposed entity that describes a small subgroup of children with clinically severe neutropenia. We followed and studied a 3‐year‐old girl with neutropenia (&lt;500/mm 3 ) and recurrent severe infections in whom repeated marrow evaluations revealed large (30‐50 μm) multinucleated promyelocytes to polymorphonuclear cells with as many as 4 to 16 nuclei or nuclear lobes, respectively. In addition to the nuclear endoreduplication, ultrastructural and cytochemical evaluation of these cells demonstrated abnormalities in granule genesis and centriole structure. Concomitantly. immunoperoxidase staining indicated that many of the granules were devoid of lactoferrin but not lysozyme. In vitro proliferation studies revealed normal to increased thymidine labeling, normal numbers of colony‐forming cells, and normal colony‐stimulating activity from blood and marrow mononuclear cells, findings consistent with ineffective myelopoiesis. However, serum folate, B 12 , and lysozyme levels were normal. The nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities in this patient result in an extreme example of CDN, distinct from previously described cases.
The Rheumatic Nodules in the Heart
Authors: L. Aschoff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1939)

IN 1904 Tawara and I, working in collaboration, decided that the formation of nodules in the heart was a characteristic change in rheumatic myocarditis.This latter term we used to describe a change which was the most significant local manifestation of rheumatic fever, or of specific infective rheumatism if one prefers the term recently used by Graff.All authorities are today required to give more exact definitions of what they mean by " rheumatism."It must be admitted that this term has been used very loosely, and that it can never mean more than a symptom or group of symptoms which may appear in a variety of conditions.In this present paper I shall confine myself to that specific infective rheumatism, to use Graff's term, or if one prefers it, the Bouillaud-Graff disease.The rheumatic nodules are found characteristically in this condition, and they are located for the most part in the heart muscle or in the pericardium.They may nevertheless be dis- covered, likewise, in the larger blood-vessels which arise from the heart, such as the aorta and the pulmonary artery, though here they are generally found in the parts which are also covered by pericardium.Nodules have also been discovered in the tendons of the musculature, in aponeuroses, the dura mater, the walls of the blood-vessels, and even in the skin in the neighbourhood of affected joints.The terms " cardiac " or " visceral " rheumatism are used in order to describe those forms of rheumatism in which either the heart or the organs of the body are most affected.One has even heard the term " subcutaneous " rheumatism.Graff has provided a very adequate description of the nodules found in the subcutaneous form of this disease, and has shown that they 161 on July 22,
TCT-102 Transapical Aortic Valve Implantation: 6 and 12 Months Results From a Multicenter Study Using the JenaValve Second Generation Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation System
Authors: Hendrik Treede, Stephan Baldus, Ardawan Rastan, Hans Figulla, Markus Ferrari, Stephan Ensminger, Martin Arnold, Thomas Walther, Joerg Kempfert, Sabine Bleiziffer, Friedrich Mohr
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
926-29 Mechanisms for Pacing-induced Slowing in Conduction within the Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia Circuit. Importance of True Fatigue in Conduction
Authors: Jesús Ma Alday, Jesús Almendral, Angel Arenal, Julián PVillacastin, Agustin Pastor, Jose M. Ormaetxe, Olga Medina, Rafaél Peinado, Elena Esteban
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Cutis verticis gyrata: Unusual chloromatous disease in acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Bruce D. Cheson, Robert M. Christiansen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Chloromas are an unusual finding in patients with acute or chronic granulocytic leukemia. The present report describes a man with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) whose course was complicated by cutis verticis gyrata (CVG), a mediastinal mass, neuropathies, and hepatosplenomegaly as a result of visceral involvement. Leukemic tumors and organ infiltration developed independent of his hematologic status and resulted in significant morbidity and, eventually, mortality from gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Nevertheless, at least temporary control over these complications was achieved when they were managed as leukemic “sanctuaries” and treated with local irradiation.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a worker exposed to tiger nut dust☆☆☆★
Authors: Pilar Barranco, Alvaro Moreno-Ancillo, María Luisa Muñoz Robles, Rodolfo Alvarez-Sala, Luis Gómez De Terreros, Manuel Martin-Esteban, Juan Vicente, Maria Concepción Lopez-Serrano
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
SPLANCHNOPTOSIS FROM A SURGICAL STANDPOINT.
Authors: JAMES E. MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Gynecology sprang into existence as an offshoot from medicine to meet the demands of suffering womankind for more successful treatment of a train of symptoms, presumably due to disturbed conditions of the pelvic organs. Gynecologists first learned that a certain number of these symptoms could be relieved by replacing misplaced pelvic organs and by supporting them through mechanical means, but they soon learned that this relief was only temporary, and that better and more permanent relief could be obtained by repairing the faulty natural supports by means of a surgical operation, which soon led to the abandonment of pessaries. They then learned that many patients referred to them by physicians, who had been cured of all abnormal pelvic conditions, still had a train of grave disabling symptoms unaccounted for. These unfortunate patients were referred back to the physician, who pronounced them hysteric or dyspeptic, and treated them accordingly and with
Improving the Supply of Donor Organs
Authors: Mark S. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Counterpoint: Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic Patients not Receiving Insulin
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Most people would agree that treatment plans, especially those that have invasive components and/or are expensive, should result in improved clinical outcomes. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), as part of a treatment plan, fulfills both of these criteria but does have the potential to improve outcomes by lowering glycemia and thereby decreasing diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. In insulin-requiring patients, A1C levels are inversely related to the frequency of SMBG measurements (1–7), attesting to the beneficial effect of this component of the treatment plan. However, simply measuring blood glucose is ineffective. In one study (8), increased frequency of SMBG resulted in lower A1C levels only in those who self-adjusted their insulin doses, not in the insulin-requiring patients who did not (strongly suggesting that acting on the values is necessary).

What about type 2 diabetic patients not receiving insulin? A large number of studies have been carried out to answer this question, and the evidence is distinctly underwhelming. Randomized clinical trials are considered the best approach to evaluate these kinds of clinical questions, and six studies in which the patients were randomized have been published. In the earliest one, which included both insulin- and non–insulin-requring patients and lasted for 6 months (2), 68 non–insulin-requiring patients were randomized to SMBG, 72 to measuring urine glucose semiquantitatively (both groups being asked to do so twice every other day), and 68 to a control group. Compliance with requested SMBG testing was 50%. The baseline A1C levels were 7.8, 8.5, and 7.7%, respectively. The changes in A1C levels in each group at the end of the study were −0.4, −0.1, and −0.5%, respectively, which were not statistically significant.

In a second study (9), 27 patients were randomized to SMBG and 27 to measuring urine glucose semiquantitatively, both before each meal every other day. …
Activation of aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism
Authors: Richard F. Spark, Sidney L. Dale, Paul C. Kahn, James C. Melby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Angiotensin infusion evokes marked increases in aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism and little change in secondary aldosteronism. The low plasma renin activity of primary aldosteronism and the elevated plasma renin activity of secondary aldosteronism are thought to account for this differential response. The effect of angiotensin on aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone secretion was studied during adrenal vein catheterization in seven patients with primary aldosteronism (whose plasma renin activity had been elevated following spironolactone therapy), one hypertensive patient with normal plasma renin activity and normal aldosterone secretion, two patients with secondary aldosteronism who had elevated plasma renin activity, and one anephric patient whose plasma renin activity was 0. Adrenal venous aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone were measured before and after a ten min sub-pressor angiotensin infusion. The cells of the aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) respond to small increases in plasma angiotensin with large increases in secretion of aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone. The dose of angiotensin capable of evoking this response from the aldosterone-producing adenoma produces little or no change in the secretion of the steroids from nontumorous glands. The augmentation of aldosterone secretion, induced by angiotensin, in primary aldosteronism is due solely to increased secretion by the adenoma and not by the contralateral zona glomerulosa. The increased sensitivity of the aldosterone-producing adenoma is characteristic of the tumor. This response is independent of fluctuations in endogenous plasma renin activity. This sensitivity is not blunted by high plasma renin activity, nor is it a function of tumor mass for the effect is observed in aldosterone-producing adenomas regardless of size. ACTH injection after angiotensin infusion resulted in a marked increase in aldosterone concentration in the effluent from the nontumorous adrenal, but was not capable of producing further increases in aldosterone concentration in the effluent from the APA. In view of this exquisite sensitivity to infused angiotensin, it may be that the small variations in endogenous plasma renin activity that have been observed in primary aldosteronism may be capable of evoking large changes in aldosterone secretion in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas.
President-Elect of the AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS 1933 - 1934
Authors: JONATHAN CAMPBELL MEAKINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1933)

Reviews1 March 1933President-Elect of the AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS 1933 - 1934JONATHAN CAMPBELL MEAKINS, M.D.C.M., LL.D. (Edin.), F.A.C.P., F.R.C.P. (C), F.R.C.P. (EDIN.), HON. F.R.C.S. (EDIN.), F.R.S.C., F.R.S.E.JONATHAN CAMPBELL MEAKINS, M.D.C.M., LL.D. (Edin.), F.A.C.P., F.R.C.P. (C), F.R.C.P. (EDIN.), HON. F.R.C.S. (EDIN.), F.R.S.C., F.R.S.E.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-9-1242 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBorn, Hamilton, Ontario, May 16, 1882. Graduated, Hamilton High School; McGill University, M.D.C.M., 1904. Resident Physician, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, 1904-1906; Assistant in Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1906-1907; Resident Pathologist, Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, 1907-1909; Lecturer in Clinical Medicine, McGill University, and Assistant Physician, Royal Victoria Hospital, 1909-1913; Canadian Army Medical Corps, 1914-1918; Member, Inter-Allied Chemical Warfare Conference; Consultant Physician, Canadian Army Medical Corps, 1918-1919; Christison Professor of Therapeutics and Professor of Clinical Medicine, Edinburgh University, 1919-1924; Director of Medical Research Laboratories, Edinburgh University and Royal Infirmary, 1920-1924; Consulting Physician, Royal Maternity and Simpson Memorial Hospital, Edinburgh, 1923-1924.Director... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1933Volume 6, Issue 9Page: 1242-1243KeywordsHospital medicinePathologistsResearch laboratoriesResidency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1933 PDF downloadLoading ...
Helping sick doctors
Authors: R. Chambers, R. Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Practising medicine can seriously damage your health. But despite mounting recognition of this fact,1 2 3 4 5 help for sick doctors in Britain remains inadequate and patchy.1 Other countries do better. Canada was among the first to acknowledge the constraints that stop doctors from seeking help for themselves, setting up a confidential help service in 1987,2 and in 1994 Norway invested $1.3 million in programmes to improve physicians' health and working conditions.6 Is Britain now ready to show a reciprocal duty of care to those who care for its members?

The National Counselling Service for Sick Doctors in Britain (national contact phone number 0171 935 5982) has greatly raised awareness of the problems of sick doctors, but the impact of the service, manned by volunteer physician counsellors and advisers, has been limited by a lack of adequate funds and specific training. Other schemes include the …
Comparison of two epidemiological protocols for measuring airway responsiveness and allergic sensitivity in adults
Authors: B G Toelle, J K Peat, C M Salome, J Crane, D McMillan, J Dermand, W D'Souza, A J Woolcock
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

In recent years, airway responsiveness has commonly been measured in epidemiological studies using one of two methods. In one method, histamine is administered via a handheld DeVilbiss nebulizer and in the other, methacholine is administered via a dosimeter. Allergic sensitivity has commonly been measured by either the allergen droplet method or by Phazet. We wanted to assess the comparability of airway responsiveness and of allergic sensitivity measured by both methods. A total of 48 volunteers, including normal and asthmatic subjects, participated in the study. Subjects first underwent one of the two tests of airway responsiveness and allergic sensitivity, and then returned within 10 days to undergo tests using the second protocol. Commencement protocol was allocated in random order. There was good agreement between both methods for assessing airway responsiveness and for assessing allergic sensitivity. The difference for dose response ratio (DRR) between histamine and methacholine was a 1.19 (95% (CI) 0.78, 1.82) fold changes, which was not statistically significant. Agreement between allergic sensitivity methods was perfect for Alternaria tenuis, good for rye-grass (kappa = 0.71) and moderate for cat and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (kappa approximately 0.5). It is possible to compare data from epidemiological studies which use these methods.
Impact of carbon monoxide on cardiopulmonary dysfunction after smoke inhalation injury.
Authors: K Sugi, J L Theissen, L D Traber, D N Herndon, D L Traber
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

With the inhalation of smoke, there are both cardiopulmonary changes and elevated levels of carbon monoxide (CO). We hypothesize that these changes in cardiopulmonary function are the result of a histotoxic hypoxia associated with CO poisoning. This hypothesis was tested in chronically instrumented sheep (n = 19). Piezoelectric crystals were attached to the left ventricle for the measurement of its external minor and major diameters in addition to wall thickness. A pressure transducer was placed in the left ventricle via the apex. The caudal-mediastinal lymph node was also cannulated. After a five-day recovery period, six sheep (smoke group) were insufflated with four series of 16 breaths (700 ml/breath) of cotton smoke, and five sheep (control group) were insufflated with air using a modified bee smoker (smoke group: COHb, 90 +/- 6%; control group: COHb, 6 +/- 1%). Eight sheep (CO group) were ventilated with 2% CO in air to reach a COHb of 90% (COHb, 92 +/- 1%). In the smoke group, lung lymph flow reached 42 +/- 10 ml/hr at 24 hours after smoke insufflation (baseline, 6 +/- 1 ml/hr). The maximum elastance of the left ventricle (end-systolic pressure-volume ratio), a sensitive index of myocardial contractility, was significantly decreased from a baseline of 6.5 +/- 0.9 to 3.3 +/- 0.7 mm Hg/ml. In the control and CO group, neither lung lymph flow nor maximum elastance varied from the baseline value. We conclude that the cardiopulmonary dysfunction after smoke inhalation does not occur after a similar exposure to CO. Initial CO poisoning alone is not a causative factor of cardiopulmonary dysfunction after smoke inhalation.
Management of Hypertension in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Guidelines Based on Current Evidence
Authors: Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Hypertension and diabetes are becoming increasingly common. Most patients with both disorders have a markedly worsened risk for premature microvascular and macrovascular complications. The appropriate management of the hypertension seen in almost 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains controversial. However, over the past few years, many randomized, controlled trials have provided guidance for more effective therapy. These trials have established the need for a lower goal blood pressure (<130/80 mm Hg) than has previously been recommended. In addition, they have proven the efficacy of drugs from three major classes of antihypertensive agents; however, comparative trials have failed to show definite superiority of any particular class in either lowering blood pressure or reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To achieve therapy goals, multiple antihypertensive drugs are usually needed. On the basis of their apparent superiority in slowing diabetic nephropathy, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors should probably be the first choice. Second and third choices should be a long-acting diuretic and a calcium-channel blocker or a β-blocker, respectively. Attention should also be directed toward nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic control of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia.
Notes of a Case of Haematuria
Authors: G. H. Philipson
Journal: BMJ (1879)

quent examination showed extensive dead black tissue, extending from the neck into both mediastina, and along the pericardial and pleural membranes.Half the heart, and the upper half of each lung, were enveloped in a stratum of wholly gangrenous tissue nearly half-an-inch in thickness, the serous membrane remaining smooth and unbroken.A diagram (Fig. 3) will help to give clearness to my brief descriptions.In all the diagrams, the shaded portion suggests the area and direction of the dead cellular tissue.]
Coagulant Activity of Leukocytes. TISSUE FACTOR ACTIVITY
Authors: J. Niemetz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Peritoneal leukocytes harvested from rabbits which have received two spaced doses of endotoxin have significantly greater (10-fold) coagulant activity than leukocytes from control rabbits. The coagulant activity accelerates the clotting of normal plasma and activates factor X in the presence of factor VII and calcium and is therefore regarded as tissue factor. A total of 40-80 mg tissue factor activity was obtained from the peritoneal cavity of single endotoxin-treated rabbits. In leukocyte subcellular fractions, separated by centrifugation, the specific tissue factor activity sedimented mainly at 14,500 g and above. The procoagulant activity was destroyed after heating for 10 min at 65 degrees C but was preserved at lower temperatures. Polymyxin B, when given with the first dose of endotoxin, reduced both the number of peritoneal leukocytes and their tissue factor activity by two-thirds. When given immediately before the second dose of endotoxin, polymyxin B had no inhibitory effect.