tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Knowledge can flow from developing to developed countries
Authors: C. L K Lam
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editor—During the past year I have attended three meetings on the ethics of research sponsored by the World Health Organization, the Harvard School of Public Health, and the Indian Council of Medical Research. They were all ignored by the media, although the Indian media report daily on the poor state of the health service and unethical medical practices. The recent alleged maltreatment of a central government minister who died in a private hospital in Delhi has caused particular public concern.1

That medical research in developing countries is meagre and of generally poor quality is well known,2 and it has not improved in the past 20 years. Should one therefore discuss research ethics in developing countries when they barely exist?

In my view the ethics of medical practice is more important. To see how the public can be safeguarded from an inefficient and often corrupt medical system and receive comprehensive health care of a reasonable quality is paramount. Ordinary people have to choose between an underfunded and inefficient public sector with its long queues, dirty hospitals, and rude staff (not infrequently on strike for more pay) and the expensive private sector, perceived as being run by avaricious doctors fleecing patients through overinvestigation and overtreatment. Many patients, understandably, turn to the more accessible and cheaper practitioners of alternative systems of medicine or even to quacks, who regularly prescribe a cocktail of antibiotics, antimalarials, antipyretics, and steroids for fever. Despite this, 80% of the Indian gross domestic project spent on health care goes to the private sector.3

The medical councils, the main regulatory bodies, are generally ineffective, claiming that they do not have the necessary powers. Only one doctor (a well known actor who used his medical status in an advertisement) has been struck off since their inception. Even the Consumer Protection Act, which includes medical practitioners in its ambit, has not successfully curbed unethical medical practices because of the huge delays in its legal process.

In January 2000 the Ministry of Health recognised the growing concern about the absence of standards to measure the quality of health services and that the medical community in India is not accountable in any manner. It proposed setting up a system of monitoring hospitals and doctors in both the public and private sectors. Perhaps the sad and unfortunate death of a young minister will now result in some belated action.
Ellsworth House: A Community Alternative to Jail
Authors: H. RICHARD LAMB, VICTOR GOERTZEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Ellsworth House is a community rehabilitation program for adult offenders. It offers an alternative to incarceration within the regular jail and prison system. Residents of the house are able to engage in competitive employment in the community while participating in a therapeutic program at the house. In a controlled study of the effectiveness of the program, offenders already sentenced to the county jail for a term of four months or more were randomly assigned either to Ellsworth House or to a comparison group of offenders who remained in the jail system. Ealy results have been used to identify and correct problems in the program. Recidivism is now companable for the two groups, but the Ellsworth House group has a higher rate of employment.
Abstract 624: Novel interaction of RECQ1 with Ku70/80 and its potential role in non-homologous end joining.
Authors: Swetha Parvathaneni, Robert M. Brosh, Sudha Sharma
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Genomic instability is a known precursor to cancer and aging. The RecQ helicases are a highly conserved family of DNA-unwinding enzymes that play key roles in maintaining genome stability in all living organisms. Human RecQ homologs include RECQ1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQ5β, three of which have been linked to disease with elevated risk of cancer and growth defects (Bloom Syndrome and Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome) or premature aging (Werner Syndrome). RECQ1, the first RecQ helicase discovered and the most abundant in human cells, is the least well understood of the five human RecQ homologs. We have previously described that knockout of RECQ1 in mice or knockdown of its expression in HeLa cells results in elevated frequency of spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges, chromosomal instability, increased load of DNA damage and heightened sensitivity to ionizing radiation. We have now obtained evidence implicating RECQ1 in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway of DNA double strand break repair. We show that RECQ1 interacts directly with the Ku70/80 subunit of the DNA-PK complex, and depletion of RECQ1 results in reduced end-joining in cell free extracts. In vitro, RECQ1 binds and unwinds the Ku70/80 bound partial duplex DNA substrate efficiently. Linear DNA is co-bound by RECQ1 and Ku70/80, and DNA binding by Ku70/80 is modulated by RECQ1. Collectively, these results provide the first evidence for a role of RECQ1 in nonhomologous end-joining, perhaps through interaction with Ku70/80. Citation Format: Swetha Parvathaneni, Robert M. Brosh, Sudha Sharma. Novel interaction of RECQ1 with Ku70/80 and its potential role in non-homologous end joining. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 624. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-624
Future trends which will influence waste disposal.
Authors: A Wolman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The disposal and management of solid wastes are ancient problems. The evolution of practices naturally changed as populations grew and sites for disposal became less acceptable. The central search was for easy disposal at minimum costs. The methods changed from indiscriminate dumping to sanitary landfill, feeding to swine, reduction, incineration, and various forms of re-use and recycling. Virtually all procedures have disabilities and rising costs. Many methods once abandoned are being rediscovered. Promises for so-called innovations outstrip accomplishments. Markets for salvage vary widely or disappear completely. The search for conserving materials and energy at minimum cost must go on forever.
A human monoclonal antibody drug and target discovery platform for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and phage display
Authors: Sivasubramanian Baskar, Jessica M. Suschak, Ivan Samija, Ramaprasad Srinivasan, Richard W. Childs, Steven Z. Pavletic, Michael R. Bishop, Christoph Rader
Journal: Blood (2009)
Independent body calls for a change in drug policies
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A UK independent advisory body has called for a change in the law so that the possession of small amounts of controlled drugs would be a civil rather than a criminal offence.

The UK Drug Policy Commission report, A fresh approach to drugs , says that much of the £3bn (€3.7bn; $4.8bn) the UK spends annually on tackling illegal drug use may be wasted as it is not based on evidence. The six year study calls for a new body to be established to coordinate research and ensure that politicians and practitioners are aware of the evidence of what works. It says that drug policies should come under rigorous and continual scrutiny to ensure that they provide value for money.

The commission, made up of leading scientists, police officers and academics, says that the current ABC classification system for drugs has substantial weaknesses and for many people has lost credibility. It calls for a wholesale review of the Misuse of Drugs Act and for decisions about drug classification to be taken by an …
Academic Medical Centers and Financial Conflicts of Interest
Authors: David J. Rothman
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Learning Electrocardiography: A Complete Course
Authors: Borys Surawicz
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Electrocardiography seems to offer the novice a wider choice of primers, synopses, introductions, and elementary texts than any other segment of medical literature. Stiff competition and uncertain acceptance are likely to face the newcomers to such a crowded market. The newest competitor, however, probably does not need to worry about the prospect of insufficient recognition by the public.<i>Learning Electrocardiography</i>may best be described as a rather practical "how to do it" approach, with questions and answers in a "Socratic method." The method may not be superior to either a purely narrative, or to a strictly programmed textbook, but this particular volume happens to contain good questions and good answers. The reader encounters a dedicated and sensitive teacher—an apparent veteran of many successful and stimulating dialogues with generations of students and house officers. He understands what they wish to know and why they may have difficulties in grasping certain problems
Local hypertrichosis associated with a human papillomavirus type 1-induced wart
Authors: K. Egawa, Y. Honda, Y. Miyawaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflict of interest: None declared. Sir, Various causes for acquired localized hypertrichosis have been described, including application of topical steroids, infections, local trauma, long‐standing inflammatory dermatoses, venous incompetence, and the application of splints and casts.1–3 A 7‐year‐old Japanese girl noted a verrucous papule on her right knee 7 months before the first examination. It was a firm, dark red, circumscribed and elevated papule 8 mm in diameter with a hyperkeratotic surface. The most interesting finding in the case was the hypertrichosis seen alongside of the wart lesion (Fig. 1A). She had noticed the increased hair 3 months before the first examination. She did not complain of any symptoms. She was healthy and physical examination revealed no particular finding other than the skin lesion. The suspected diagnosis of a viral wart with an acquired, local hypertrichosis was made, and after informed consent was obtained, the verrucous papule was removed by scalpel. During the follow‐up period of about 9 months, the hypertrichosis gradually reduced (Fig. 1B) and finally disappeared (Fig. 1C).
Therapeutic Landscape of Carfilzomib and Other Modulators of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway
Authors: Constantine S. Mitsiades
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.5748 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print January 20, 2015 PMID: 25605842 Therapeutic Landscape of Carfilzomib and Other Modulators of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Constantine S. MitsiadesxConstantine S. MitsiadesSearch for articles by this author Show More Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.55.5748 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2015 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Senescent Impairment in Synergistic Cytokine Pathways That Provide Rapid Cardioprotection in the Rat Heart
Authors: Munira Xaymardan, Jingang Zheng, Inga Duignan, Andrew Chin, Jacquelyne M. Holm, Victoria L.T. Ballard, Jay M. Edelberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Pretreatment of rodent hearts with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)–AB decreases myocardial injury after coronary occlusion. However, PDGF-AB cardioprotection is diminished in older animals, suggesting that downstream elements mediating and/or synergizing the actions of PDGF-AB may be limited in aging cardiac vasculature. In vitro PDGF-AB induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin (Ang)-2 expression in 4-mo-old rat cardiac endothelial cells, but not in 24-mo-old heart cells. In vivo injection of young hearts with PDGF-AB increased densities of microvessels staining for VEGF and its receptor, Flk-1, and Ang-2 and its receptor, Tie-2, as well as PDGF receptor (PDGFR)–α. In older hearts, PDGF-AB–mediated induction was primarily limited to PDGFR-α. Studies in a murine cardiac transplantation model demonstrated that synergist interactions of PDGF-AB plus VEGF plus Ang-2 (PVA) provided an immediate restoration of senescent cardiac vascular function. Moreover, PVA injection in young rat hearts, but not PDGF-AB alone or other cytokine combinations, at the time of coronary occlusion suppressed acute myocardial cell death by &amp;gt;50%. However, PVA also reduced the extent of myocardial infarction with an age-associated cardioprotective benefit (4-mo-old with 45% reduction vs. 24-mo-old with 24%; P &amp;lt; 0.05). These studies showed that synergistic cytokine pathways augmenting the actions of PDGF-AB are limited in older hearts, suggesting that strategies based on these interactions may provide age-dependent clinical cardiovascular benefit.
Gastrophotography – Gastroscopy: An Experimental Study
Authors: P. Frühmorgen, L. Demling, C. Seiler, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

In order to underpin fundamental considerations on the advantages and disadvantages of various gastro-photographic set-ups, the efficiency of three standard-type factory-new intra- and extragastric cameras (GTPA, GTFG, GFBK) was examined in comparative experiments and then compared in their information yield with direct observation via the gastroscope (GFBK).
Harnessing the stem cell for the treatment of tendon injuries: heralding a new dawn?
Authors: R K W Smith, P M Webbon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Stem cell technology may be useful in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries

Strain induced tendon or ligament injuries are an all too common consequence of athletic endeavour in both horses1 and humans,2–4 resulting in high morbidity and often compromising a return to the same level of activity.

In the horse, the most commonly injured structures are the weight bearing digital flexor tendons which lie on the palmar aspect of the metacarpus (fig 1). There are many similarities between the weight bearing tendons of the horse and the human athlete—for example, Achilles tendon—in function, matrix composition, and the nature of the injuries sustained. In contrast with positional tendons, such as the hand tendons, all weight bearing tendons function as springs, storing energy under weight bearing load for efficient locomotion.5 The horse has maximised this potential, resulting in efficiency of locomotion in excess of 100% at the gallop.6



 Figure 1  
 Equine superficial digital flexor tendinopathy. (A) The clinical appearance of the injury in the acute stages. The tendon, which lies on the most superficial aspect (immediately deep to the skin) of the palmar surface of the limb, becomes swollen, hot, and painful. This results in a curved, rather than the normally straight, contour to the back of the limb, hence, the colloquial term for the injury “a bowed leg”. MCP, metacarpophalangeal. (B) A transverse ultrasonograph from the mid-metacarpal region of a case similar to that shown in (A). Note the central hypoechoic region within the superficial digital flexor tendon characteristic of this injury. (C) Pathological sections of a corresponding injury, showing the preferential area of injury in the centre of the extra-thecal (mid-metacarpal) region of the tendon. Interestingly the area of the tendon “impinged” on the back of the metacarpophalangeal joint where the tendon changes direction and …
Transcriptional repression of microRNA genes by PML-RARA increases expression of key cancer proteins in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Anne Saumet, Guillaume Vetter, Manuella Bouttier, Elodie Portales-Casamar, Wyeth W. Wasserman, Thomas Maurin, Bernard Mari, Pascal Barbry, Laurent Vallar, Evelyne Friederich, Khalil Arar, Bruno Cassinat, Christine Chomienne, Charles-Henri Lecellier
Journal: Blood (2008)
Neurofibromatosis type 2/merlin: Sharpening the Myth of Prometheus
Authors: Oliver Drvarov, Francisco Javier Cubero
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

The molecular signals that control the maintenance and activation of liver stem/progenitor cells are poorly understood, and the role of liver progenitor cells in hepatic tumorigenesis is unclear. We report here that liver-specific deletion of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene in the developing or adult mouse specifically yields a dramatic, progressive expansion of progenitor cells throughout the liver without affecting differentiated hepatocytes. All surviving mice eventually developed both cholangiocellular and hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that Nf2−/− progenitors can be a cell of origin for these tumors. Despite the suggested link between NF2 and the Hpo/Wts/Yki signaling pathway in Drosophila, and recent studies linking the corresponding Mst/Lats/Yap pathway to mammalian liver tumorigenesis, our molecular studies suggest that Merlin is not a major regulator of YAP in liver progenitors, and that the overproliferation of Nf2−/− liver progenitors is instead driven by aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity. Indeed, pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR blocks the proliferation of Nf2−/− liver progenitors in vitro and in vivo, consistent with recent studies indicating that the NF2-encoded protein Merlin can control the abundance and signaling of membrane receptors such as EGFR. Together, our findings uncover a critical role for NF2/Merlin in controlling homeostasis of the liver stem cell niche.
Glucosidase inhibition enhances presentation of de-N-glycosylated hepatitis B virus epitopes by major histocompatibility complex class I in vitro and in woodchucks
Authors: Pamela A. Norton, Stephan Menne, Gomathinayagam Sinnathamby, Lucy Betesh, Paul J. Cote, Ramila Philip, Anand S. Mehta, Bud C. Tennant, Timothy M. Block
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

In this report, the possibility of pharmacologically altering the hepatitis B virus (HBV) epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex class I on infected cells is demonstrated. The HBV middle envelope glycoprotein (MHBs) maturation appears to require calnexin-mediated folding. This interaction is dependent on glucosidases in the endoplasmic reticulum. Prevention of HBV envelope protein maturation in cultured cells through use of glucosidase inhibitors, such as 6-O-butanoyl castanospermine and N -nonyl deoxynorjirimycin, resulted in MHBs degradation by proteasomes. The de– N -glycosylation associated with polypeptide degradation was predicted to result in conversion of asparagine residues into aspartic acid residues. This prediction was confirmed by showing that peptides corresponding to the N -glycosylation sequons of MHBs, but with aspartic acid replacing asparagine, (1) can prime human cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize HBV-producing cells and (2) that the presentation of these envelope motifs by major histocompatibility complex class I is enhanced by incubation with glucosidase inhibitors. Moreover, although peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus and vaccinated with woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen could be induced to recognize the natural MHBs asparagine-containing peptides, only cells isolated from animals treated with glucosidase inhibitor recognized the aspartic acid–containing peptides. Conclusion: These data suggest that pharmacological intervention with glucosidase inhibitors can alter the MHBs epitopes presented. This editing of the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide results in a new epitope, or “editope”, with possible medical significance. (Hepatology 2010;)
Ibuprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteo-arthritis.
Authors: P L Boardman, G Nuki, F D Hart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1967)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Gap junctions between neurons serve as electrical synapses, in addition to conducting metabolites and signaling molecules. These functions of gap junctions have led to the idea that during development, gap junctions could prefigure chemical synapses. We present evidence for this idea at a central, glutamatergic synapse and provide some mechanistic insights. Here, we show that reduction or loss of Gjd2b-containing gap junctions led to a decrease in glutamatergic synapse density in cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) in larval zebrafish. Gjd2b<sup>-/-</sup> larvae exhibited faster mEPSCs and a consistent decrease in dendritic arbor size. These PNs also showed decreased branch elongations but normal rate of branch retractions. Further, the dendritic growth deficits in gjd2b<sup>-/-</sup> mutants were rescued by expressing full length Gjd2b in single PNs. This suggests that Gjd2b may form heterotypic channels with other connexins in gjd2b<sup>-/-</sup> larvae, though it is not clear if PNs in wild type animals make homotypic or heterotypic gap junction channels. Dendritic growth deficits were not rescued by expressing a deletion mutant of Gjd2b unable to form functional channels. Finally, the expression levels of five isoforms of <i>camkii</i> were increased in gjd2b<sup>-/-</sup> larvae and inhibition of CaMKII restored dendritic arbor lengths of mutant larvae to wild type levels. These results suggest a link between signaling via Gjd2b-containing gap junctions, CaMKII function and dendritic growth. In sum, our results demonstrate that Gjd2b-mediated gap junctions are key regulators of glutamatergic synapse formation and dendritic elaboration in PNs.
Antitobacco Advocates Fight 'Illegal' Diversion of Tobacco Control Money
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

BY MOST accounts, political and public health leaders of California should be proudly blowing their horns over the success of the state's widely acclaimed antitobacco campaign, which some are calling "the most successful public health intervention since the invention of sewers." In 1988, the voters of California overwhelmingly passed Proposition 99 (known as Prop 99), which raised the state cigarette tax 25 cents a pack to fund a comprehensive tobacco control program. Since then, smoking prevalence has fallen nearly three times faster in California than in the rest of the nation. California's Tobacco Control Program is credited with reducing the number of smokers by 1 million and the number of cigarettes smoked by 1.1 billion packs. In addition, the California Department of Health Services estimates that the state saved more than $386 million in health care costs for treating tobacco-related diseases in 1993 alone. However, the horns that are blowing—in