tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Monoclonal Antibody to P-Selectin and Analogue of Sialyl Lewis X on Cyclic Flow Variations in Stenosed and Endothelium-Injured Canine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Takahisa Ueyama, Hisao Ikeda, Nobuya Haramaki, Kazunori Kuwano, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background A fundamental role of cell adhesion molecules is implicated in the disease processes of acute coronary syndromes. We have shown an increase in the soluble form of P-selectin in these syndromes, suggesting the important interaction between P-selectin and sialyl Lewis X (SLe X ) for the pathophysiology of these syndromes. To further test this, we examined the effects of a monoclonal antibody against P-selectin (PB1.3) and a carbohydrate analogue of SLe X (SLe X -OS) on cyclic flow variations (CFVs) in stenosed and endothelium-injured canine coronary arteries. Methods and Results Anesthetized, open-chest dogs (n=48) were divided into six groups after CFVs were established. Dogs received intravenous normal saline, PB1.3 (1 mg/kg bolus), a low dose (5 mg/kg bolus) or a high dose (40 mg/kg bolus) of SLe X -OS followed by an infusion (5 mg·kg −1 ·h −1 ) for 60 minutes, a combination of PB1.3 and SLe X -OS (low dose), or a combination of a nonblocking antibody against P-selectin (PNB1.6, 1 mg/kg) and SLe X -OS (low dose). Although saline, PB1.3, SLe X -OS (low dose), and the combination of PNB1.6 and SLe X -OS (low dose) did not affect CFVs, the high dose of SLe X -OS and the combination of PB1.3 and SLe X -OS (low dose) significantly reduced CFVs. Conclusions These findings indicate that the high dose of SLe X -OS and the combination of PB1.3 and the low dose of SLe X -OS provide protection against CFVs. Thus, the adhesive interaction between P-selectin and SLe X may play an important role in mediating CFVs in this model.
Molecular perturbations restrict potential for liver repopulation of hepatocytes isolated from non-heart-beating donor rats
Authors: Yuta Enami, Brigid Joseph, Sriram Bandi, Juan Lin, Sanjeev Gupta
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Organs from non-heart-beating donors are attractive for use in cell therapy. Understanding the nature of molecular perturbations following reperfusion/reoxygenation will be highly significant for non-heart-beating donor cells. We studied non-heart-beating donor rats for global gene expression with Affymetrix microarrays, hepatic tissue integrity, viability of isolated hepatocytes, and engraftment and proliferation of transplanted cells in dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient rats. In non-heart-beating donors, liver tissue was morphologically intact for >24 hours with differential expression of 1, 95, or 372 genes, 4, 16, or 34 hours after death, respectively, compared with heart-beating donors. These differentially expressed genes constituted prominent groupings in ontological pathways of oxidative phosphorylation, adherence junctions, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and other discrete pathways. We successfully isolated viable hepatocytes from non-heart-beating donors, especially up to 4 hours after death, although the hepatocyte yield and viability were inferior to those of hepatocytes from heart-beating donors (P < 0.05). Similarly, although hepatocytes from non-heart-beating donors engrafted and proliferated after transplantation in recipient animals, this was inferior to hepatocytes from heart-beating donors (P < 0.05). Gene expression profiling in hepatocytes isolated from non-heart-beating donors showed far greater perturbations compared with corresponding liver tissue, including representation of pathways in focal adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix-receptor interactions, multiple ligand-receptor interactions, and signaling in insulin, calcium, wnt, Jak-Stat, or other cascades.Liver tissue remained intact over prolonged periods after death in non-heart-beating donors, but extensive molecular perturbations following reperfusion/reoxygenation impaired the viability of isolated hepatocytes from these donors. Insights into molecular changes in hepatocytes from non-heart-beating donors offer opportunities for improving donor cell viability, which will advance the utility of non-heart-beating donor organs for cell therapy or other applications.
DERMATOMYCOSES IN THEIR RELATION TO ALLEN'S IODIN TEST.
Authors: JACOB SOBEL
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Parasitic diseases of the skin may be classified into: 1, those in which the definite etiologic factor has been isolated and identified (microsporon furfur of tinea versicolor, the trichophyton of tinea tonsurans and circinata, and the achorion Schoenleinii of favus), and 2, those in which<i>no absolute</i>proof has been given of the constant presence of vegetable micro-organisms, and yet which in appearance, clinical course, reaction to antiparasiticides, and other circumstances, seem to be of parasitic nature (pityriasis rosea, eczema marginatum, mycotic eczema, etc.). In this paper it is my purpose to deal only with the following conditions: pityriasis versicolor, pityriasis rosea, tinea circinata (localized and disseminated), eczema marginatum and mycotic eczema, and endeavor to show that while in most cases these admit of ready diagnosis there are times when differentiation from other important conditions must be made. No one test in my experience for the determination of the parasitic
Structural and functional studies of the early T lymphocyte activation 1 (Eta-1) gene. Definition of a novel T cell-dependent response associated with genetic resistance to bacterial infection.
Authors: R Patarca, G J Freeman, R P Singh, F Y Wei, T Durfee, F Blattner, D C Regnier, C A Kozak, B A Mock, H C Morse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We describe a murine cDNA, designated Early T lymphocyte activation 1 (ETA-1) which is abundantly expressed after activation of T cells. Eta-1 encodes a highly acidic secreted product having structural features of proteins that bind to cellular adhesion receptors. The Eta-1 gene maps to a locus on murine chromosome 5 termed Ric that confers resistance to infection by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (RT), an obligate intracellular bacterium that is the etiological agent for human scrub typhus. With one exception, inbred mouse strains that expressed the Eta-1a allele were resistant to RT infection (RicR), and inbred strains expressing the Eta-1b allele were susceptible (RicS). These findings suggest that Eta-1 is the gene inferred from previous studies of the Ric locus (5). Genetic resistance to RT infection is associated with a strong Eta-1 response in vivo and inhibition of early bacterial replication. Eta-1 gene expression appears to be part of a surprisingly rapid T cell-dependent response to bacterial infection that may precede classical forms of T cell-dependent immunity.
A 44-Year-Old Woman With Difficulty Walking
Authors: Lisa I. Iezzoni
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Further Insight Into the Cardiovascular Risk Calculator
Authors: Nancy R. Cook, Paul M Ridker
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

While the pooled cohort equations from the recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk have overestimated cardiovascular risk in multiple external cohorts, the reasons for the discrepancy are unclear.To determine whether increased use of statins over time, incident coronary revascularization procedures, or underascertainment of vascular events explain overestimation of risk in a more contemporary population.The Women's Health Study (WHS) is a nationwide cohort of US women free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or other major illness at baseline from 1992 to 1995. A total of 27 542 women ages 45 to 79 years with complete ascertainment of plasma lipids and other risk factors were followed for a median of 10 years.Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), defined as any myocardial infarction, any stroke, or death due to cardiovascular cause.A total of 632 women experienced an ASCVD event over the course of the follow-up. The average predicted risk from the pooled cohort equations was 3.6% over 10 years, compared with an actual observed risk of 2.2%. Ratios of predicted to observed rates were 1.90 or higher in the groups with 0 to less than 5.0% and 5.0% to less than 7.5% risk and were over 1.40 in the groups with 7.5% to less than 10.0% and 10.0% or higher risk. Rates of statin use and revascularizations increased over follow-up time and by risk group, and in sensitivity analyses, we estimated the hypothetical rates if no women were prescribed statins or underwent revascularization procedures. After adjustment for intervention effects of statins and revascularization as well as hypothetical confounding by indication, ratios of predicted to observed rates remained 1.80 or higher in the lower 2 risk groups and over 1.30 higher in the upper 2 risk groups. Underascertainment is unlikely since follow-up rates in the WHS were 97.2%, and overall we would need approximately 60% more events to match the numbers predicted using the pooled cohort equations.Statin use, revascularization procedures, and underascertainment of events do not explain the discrepancy between observed rates of ASCVD in the WHS and those predicted by the ACC/AHA pooled cohort equations. Other explanations include changing patterns of risk within more contemporary populations.
United States of America 1976
Authors: Robert Petersdorf
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Editorials1 January 1976United States of America 1976Robert Petersdorf, M.D., F.A.C.P.Robert Petersdorf, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-1-91 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBirthdays are useful fictions. They are not days when anything of moment is likely to happen. What counts is past or is to come. The celebration serves mainly to confirm our sense of worth, and we are humanly prone to accept even what we may not have earned.The useful fiction of this year is based on the premise that our nation was born in 1776.For some of us national life began when an ancient tribe ended its trek from the Bering bridge at the plains of Wyoming. Or when theMayflowerdropped anchor. Or when a slave ship... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine University of Washington American College of Physicians PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1976Volume 84, Issue 1Page: 91-92 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of Taurine, Glycine and β-Sitosterols on Serum and Tissue Cholesterol in the Rat and Rabbit
Authors: ROY G. HERRMANN
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Rats and rabbits were fed a hypercholesteremic diet until elevated serum cholesterol levels were observed in all animals. The animals were then divided into groups, one group remaining on the original diet and the others receiving the same hypercholesteremic diet fortified with either taurine, glycine, or β-sitosterols. In the rat, 4 per cent taurine in the diet significantly decreased the serum, liver, and aorta cholesterol concentration, but glycine was without significant effect. In the rabbit, 2 per cent β-sitosterol in the diet significantly reduced the serum, liver, and aorta cholesterol, while taurine or glycine produced no significant effect. Neither taurine, glycine, nor β-sitosterols produced any signs of toxicity.
Renal changes in cirrhosis.
Authors: M Kew
Journal: Gut (1972)

Progress report Renal changes in cirrhosisRenal failure is a frequent complication of advanced cirrhosis of the liver '-4.While in some cases azotaemia and oliguria may be due to coexisting primary renal disease or to known causes of acute tubular necrosis, in many others renal failure appears to develop either spontaneously or in response to minor changes in circulating blood volume.The latter variety has become increas- ingly important as a factor contributing to death in patients with hepatic failure but, despite considerable clinical observation and investigative effort, its cause and nature remain uncertain and its treatment unsatisfactory.The term 'hepatorenal syndrome' has been used to describe the sequence of events in which cirrhosis is complicated by renal failure.It originally referred to those patients who became oliguric after biliary surgery5'6, but over the years the definition has been broadened until it covers all patients with liver disease in whom renal function deteriorates.Because of this, and also because the name implies a specific relationship between the kidney and liver which has not yet been definitely established, most authorities have urged that the term be abandoned.There is now a good deal of evidence that the renal failure which occurs without apparent cause in cirrhotic patients has a functional basis: for this reason and in order to distinguish between this condition and acute tubular necrosis, Vesin7 introduced the term 'functional renal failure in cirrhosis' and this name is now generally preferred. Presentation and PrognosisFunctional renal failure has been reported in all forms of cirrhosis but appears to be particularly common in patients with progressive alcoholic cirrhosis2' 3. The clinical and biochemical features have been well described'-4 7 and may be divided into a number of stages.In the mildest or preazotaemic stage, renal dysfunction may manifest only with a reversal of the normal nycto- hemeral rhythm of urinary excretion or the inability to excrete a water load normally.Sodium excretion is commonly reduced and hyponatraemia is usual.Jaundice may or may not be present, but hepatic function is severely impaired by most clinical and biochemical criteria and ascites is frequently found.The more advanced stages are characterized by progressive azotaemia and occur typically in patients with hepatic failure and refractory ascites.The symptoms may be inseparable from those of hepatic failure.The patient commonly complains of anorexia, lethargy, weakness, and fatigue.The blood urea concentration is usually elevated to a greater degree than the serum creatinine level, although in some cases the reverse is true.This disproportional increase in creatinine may reflect diminished urea synthesis and restricted 748on July 22,
Interrelations of Human and Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Joseph V. Klauder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

I CAN appropriately begin my presentation with the following quotation from Rudolph Virchow (1821–1902): "Between animal and human medicine there is no dividing line — nor should there be. The object is different, but the experience obtained constitutes the basis of all medicine."This remark, made some seventy-five years ago, has been paraphrased by a number of writers. A recent rendition of it, and I think an excellent one, is by Cameron,1 who writes:Medicine, of course, is medicine and veterinary medicine is only part of an even greater association of which the most important, largely because of the value . . .
Leprosy in Norway
Authors: O. Idsøe
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A statement is made in<i>JAMA</i>'s recent editorial (<b>197</b>:580, 1966), "The Leprosy Puzzle," to the effect that leprosy disappeared in Norway under a program in the last 125 years "without drug therapies or isolation procedures." It is historically an epidemiological fact that the most stringent isolation procedures were applied in Norway against leprosy in the century gone by since the pioneer work of Dr. Armauer Hansen, whose name and fame is attached to the microorganism causing the disease. All patients with diagnosed leprosy in Norway were in fact immediately isolated at several leprosoria throughout the country, the latest of which, the well-known St. Jorgen's Hospital in Bergen, was closed only a few years ago. Indeed, isolation requirements were so strict that patients were immediately separated from their families, and family members, particularly children, were not allowed to visit the leprosoria. The leprosoria in Norway were
The Effect of Ventricular Systole on Auricular Rhythm in Auriculoventricular Block
Authors: MAURICIO B. ROSENBAUM, EUGENE LEPESCHKIN
Journal: Circulation (1955)

In some cases of complete A-V block the curve of the duration of P-P intervals showed a sudden dip with a gradual return, during or after the T wave. This positive chronotropic (accelerating) effect of ventricular systole is probably caused by the traction exerted on the right auricle by the contracting ventricle. Other cases showed a sudden rise in the curve of P-P intervals late in diastole,followed by a gradual return. This negative chronotropic (slowing) effect is probably caused by a vagal reflex precipitated by stimulation of the arterial pressoreceptors by the pulse wave. The interplay of these two effects determines whether the P-P intervals containing QRS will be shorter than those not containing it, or whether the relation is reversed (paradox effect).
Use of Silicone in the Treatment of Intestinal Gas and Bloating
Authors: J. Alfred Rider
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Silicone defoamers have been used successfully to eliminate the mucuscovered bubbles which obstruct a gastroscopist's view of the stomach. This led to their trial in treating patients complaining of flatulence and distention. Two hundred patients, aged 23 to 84 years, were given methyl polysiloxane, a physiologically inert silicone, for four weeks to three and a half years. Although other measures had not relieved symptoms, 40 mg. of methyl polysiloxane taken orally 4 times daily produced excellent or good results in 151 patients. In a control group of 20 patients who had had excellent or good results from the methyl polysiloxane, the substitution of a lactose placebo was followed by renewed complaints within 24 hours in 18 patients.
Activity of Xenoestrogens at Nanomolar Concentrations in the E-Screen Assay
Authors: Elisabete Silva, Martin Scholze, Andreas Kortenkamp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Certain effects induced by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may occur at dose levels lower than those normally tested in toxicology, but few systematic dose-response studies have been carried out in the low-dose range.The high statistical power afforded by a high-throughput in vitro assay such as the E-Screen assay was exploited with the aim of producing low-dose estimates for 24 estrogenic chemicals, including endogenous hormones and xenoestrogens.Unusual dose-response curves with inverted U-shapes were not observed in the low-dose range. Instead, many chemicals exhibited curves with very small gradients at low doses, and this complicated the reliable estimation of low effects. Systematic comparisons between the outcomes of hypothesis-testing procedures (lowest observed effect concentrations--LOECs, no observed effect concentrations--NOECs) and regression modeling approaches (EC(01)--effective concentration causing a 1% effect, EC(05)--effective concentration causing a 5% effect) produced estimates that agreed reasonably well. In many cases, NOECs were shown to be associated with proliferative responses of 1-2%. This is in contrast with the widespread perception of NOECs as values that signal complete absence of effects. For many of the tested xenoestrogens, the NOECs, EC(01), and EC(05) were in the nanomolar range, and comparisons with measured serum and adipose tissue levels in Europe revealed considerable overlaps in some cases.Our studies illustrate the difficulties that may be encountered during the estimation of low doses in vivo. High statistical power is required when the underlying dose-response curves are shallow. Through the use of large sample sizes and numerous repeats, the experimental power of the E-Screen assay was sufficiently high to measure effect magnitudes of around 1-2% with reliability. However, such resources are usually not available for in vivo testing, with the consequence that the statistical detection limits are considerably higher. If this coincides with shallow dose-response curves in the low-effect range (which is normally not measurable in vivo), the limited resolving power of in vivo assays may seriously constrain low-dose testing.
Alterations in canine myocardial excitability during ischemia.
Authors: V Elharrar, P R Foster, T L Jirak, W E Gaum, D P Zipes
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Changes in the ventricular diastolic excitability threshold following occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were studied in open-chest anesthetized dogs by using a new automatic threshold-following pacemaker (ATFP). The ATFP measures the diastolic excitability threshold by successively decreasing the duration of regularly occurring pacing stimuli until the ventricle fails to respond. Under control conditions, the threshold stimulus duration was 60 +/- 4 (mean +/- SEM) musec. In the first 1-3 minutes following occlusion of the LAD, the diastolic excitability threshold in the ischemic zone (IZ) decreased to 51 +/- 5 musec and then rapidly increased to 600 musec at 5 minutes. The initial decrease in excitability threshold at IZ could be abolished by elevating the serum K+ concentration prior to the LAD occlusion. These changes in excitability threshold at IZ could be prevented by infusing nonoxygenated solutions into the LAD at a site distal to the occlusion. As the excitability threshold increased in IZ during ischemia, the earliest time at which IZ could be reactivated by a stimulus with a voltage equal to twice the preligation diastolic voltage threshold was increased. In nine of 16 dogs, after 5 minutes of LAD ligation, the IZ to normal zone (NZ( activation time (when stimulating at IZ) exceeded the NZ to IZ activation time (when stimulating at NZ) by an average of 9 msec. We also found that in four dogs the NZ to IZ activation time exceeded the IZ to NZ activation time by an average of 10 msec. We conclude from these findings that a gradient of increasing excitability threshold exists as one moves from normally perfused toward more ischemic tissue, passing through a heterogenous border zone that manifests some areas which have a decreased excitability threshold and other areas which have an increased excitability threshold, and that these changes in excitability importantly influence the determination of refractory period durations and conduction times.