tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Creatine kinase expression and creatine phosphate accumulation are developmentally regulated during differentiation of mouse and human monocytes.
Authors: J D Loike, V F Kozler, S C Silverstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

We have studied the expression of creatine kinase (CK) and the accumulation of creatine phosphate during the differentiation of human and mouse peripheral blood monocytes. Mouse monocytes cultured for 24 h do not contain detectable levels of CK and creatine phosphate. However, resident tissue macrophages and inflammatory elicited macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavities of mice have 70 and 300 mU per mg protein of CK activity and contain 3 and 6 mol of creatine phosphate per mol of ATP, respectively. The major isozyme of CK in these cells has been identified as the brain form. These findings suggest that the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages is associated with the expression of CK and the accumulation of creatine phosphate. We have found a similar pattern in human monocytes. Human blood monocytes, maintained in culture for 24 or 48 h, do not contain detectable levels of CK or creatine phosphate. Monocyte-derived macrophages (monocytes maintained in tissue cultures for 1 to 2 wk) have up to 100 mU per mg protein of CK activity and contain 0.5 mol of creatine phosphate per mol of ATP. Human macrophages express multiple isozymes of CK including the brain (BB) and possibly the mitochondrial forms of this enzyme. Thus, the expression of CK and the accumulation of creatine phosphate in human monocytes is induced by their in vitro cultivation. The induction of CK during in vitro cultivation occurs independently of the concentration of creatine in the medium. However, the size of the creatine phosphate pool varies with respect to extracellular creatine concentration. Creatine phosphate and CK are not detectable in freshly isolated human lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes or erythrocytes, but are found in freshly isolated human platelets.
Antifibrinolytic agents for ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Authors: R S Maurice-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1978)

animals revealed renal changes similar to those already described for other acute infective diseases.4Human subjects and higher mammals vary more in their response to bacterial toxins than smaller experimental animals.Hence gross renal changes do not always occur in acute infections or severe endotoxaemia, although albuminuria with a few red cells is surely not uncommon.
Abstract 1699: Thymidylate synthase and thymidine phosphorylase expression contributes to cisplatin resistance
Authors: Yun-Wei Lin, Min-Shao Tsai, Yu-Fan Chiu, Shao-Hsing Weng, Ya-Hsun Kuo, Show-Mei Chuang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Chemotherapy for advanced human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes platinum-containing compound such as cisplatin in combination with a second- or third-generation cytotoxic agents. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) belongs to anti-metabolite chemotherapeutics, and its mechanism of cytotoxicity is involved in inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). TS and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) were key enzymes of the pyrimidine salvage pathway. In this study, we have examined the molecular mechanism of TS and TP in regulating the drug sensitivity to cisplatin in NSCLC cell lines. Cisplatin could increase the phosphorylation of MKK1/2-ERK1/2 and the protein levels of TS and TP through enhancing the protein stability in A549 and H1975 cells. Blocking ERK1/2 activation by MKK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) decreases TS and TP protein levels in both cell lines treated with cisplatin. Depletion of endogenous TS or TP expression by specific small interfering RNA transfection significantly increases cisplatin-induced cell death and growth inhibition. Moreover, pemetrexed (TS inhibitor) enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxic effects. Combined treatment with 5-FU can decrease cisplatin-induced ERK1/2 activation and the induction of TS and TP, which can subsequently result in synergistic cytotoxic effects. Enforced expression of constitutive active MKK1/2 vectors rescue the protein levels of phospho-ERK1/2, TS and TP, and the cell viability which were decreased by cisplatin and 5-FU combination. In contrast, U0126 enhances the drug sensitivity to cisplatin and/or 5-FU in lung cancer cells. We conclude that the up-regulation of ERK1/2-dependent TS and TP can protect human lung cancer cells from cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1699. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1699
Neurogenetic determinism is a theological doctrine
Authors: Walter J. Freeman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

In “ Lifelines ” Steven Rose constructs a case against neurogenetic determinism based on experimental data from biology and in favor of a significant degree of self determination. Two philosophical errors in the case favoring neurogenetic determinism are illustrated by Rose: category mistakes and an excessively narrow view of causality restricted to the linear form.
Abstract P3-08-01: The Influence of the BAD Apoptosis Pathway on Breast Cancer Progression and Relapse-Free Survival after Adjuvant Treatment
Authors: RR Ismail-Khan, DC Marichion, Y Xiong, WJ Fulp, SG Kamath, SA Eschrich, D-T Chen, JM. Lancaster
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective. The phosphorylation status of the BCL2 Antagonist of Cell Death (BAD) protein influences cell survival and apoptosis. BAD phosphorylation is determined by the relative activity of a series of kinases and phosphatases within the BAD pathway. We therefore sought to evaluate the influence that expression of the BAD apoptosis pathway has on breast cancer progression and on clinical outcome in a series of breast cancer patients. Methods. We used Principal components analysis to derive a BAD-pathway gene expression signature with a corresponding “pathway score” representing overall gene expression levels for BAD pathway genes. The BAD-pathway signature score was evaluated in clinical-genomic breast cancer datasets obtained from a total of 502 patients, including intra-ductal hyperplasia (n=8), ductal carcinoma in-situ (n=30), and three separate data sets of invasive ductal carcinoma patient samples (n=23, n=286, n=155). The influence of the BAD-pathway signature score on breast cancer progression and relapse-free survival was evaluated by student's t-test and Kaplan Meier/log-rank test, respectively. Results. We developed a 48-gene BAD-pathway signature, the expression score of which decreased with progression from intra-ductal hyperplasia through ductal carcinoma in-situ and invasive ductal carcinoma (p=0.0004). Furthermore, BAD-pathway signature score was associated with relapse free survival from breast cancer in two independent clinical-genomic datasets (n=286, p=0.01; n=155, p=0.02). Conclusions.BAD pathway gene expression is associated with breast cancer progression and disease-free survival. The pathway represents an appealing human cancer prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Figures available in online version. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-01.
Acute Hair Loss from Drug-Induced Abortion
Authors: Howard I. Maibach, Henry G. Maguire
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IT has been said that as biochemical acumen and dependence on the clinical laboratory increase, enthusiasm and proficiency in physical diagnosis decrease. In this paper we describe 2 cases of attempted abortion with cancer chemotherapeutic drugs in which the diagnosis was first suspected (and later confirmed) from the bedside study of a relatively neglected skin appendage — the hair shaft.Case ReportsCase 1. A 21-year-old woman was referred by her internist because of acute loss of scalp hair. The pertinent past history given initially by the patient was that she had had an influenza syndrome 2 weeks previously. She . . .
Incidence of Asthma and Its Determinants among Adults in Spain
Authors: XAVIER BASAGAÑA, JORDI SUNYER, JAN-PAUL ZOCK, MANOLIS KOGEVINAS, ISABEL URRUTIA, JOSÉ A. MALDONADO, ENRIQUE ALMAR, FÉLIX PAYO, JOSEP MARIA ANTÓ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The objective was to measure the incidence of asthma and its determinants in Spain, where the prevalence of asthma is low to medium. A follow-up of subjects participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) was conducted in 1998- 1999 (n = 1,640, 85% of those eligible). Subjects were randomly selected from the general population and were 20 to 44 yr old in 1991-1993. Time of follow-up was on average 6.75 yr (range, 5.3 to 7.9 yr). Asthma was defined as reporting ever having had asthma. The incidence of asthma was 5.53 (95% confidence interval, 4.28- 7.16) per 1,000 person-years (6.88 in females, 4.04 in males). Incidence was highest in subjects who at the baseline survey had bronchial hyperresponsiveness (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 3.85), in those with positive IgE against timothy grass (IRR, 3.16), and in females (IRR, 1.80). These results persisted after adjusting for respiratory symptoms at baseline. There was no significant association (p < 0.2) with high total serum IgE, atopy defined by reactivity to any allergen, smoking, occupational exposure, or maternal asthma. A sensitivity analysis using four definitions of population at risk yielded incidence rates varying from 5.53 to 1.50. In this population of subjects without self-reported asthma or asthma-type symptoms at baseline, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and IgE reactivity to grass appeared as the main determinants of new asthma.
Prolonged fractionation of paced right atrial electrograms in patients with atrial flutter and fibrillation
Authors: Ching-Tai Tai, Shih-Ann Chen, Jyh-Woei Tzeng, Benjamin I Kuo, Yu-An Ding, Mau-Song Chang, Liang-Yu Shyu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Spectrum of Asthma in Children--I, Clinical and Physiological Components
Authors: K. N. McNicol, H. B. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A sample of 315 asthmatic children, representative of the whole range of asthma in childhood, and a control group of 82 children were studied clinically and physiologically from 7 to 14 years of age. The asthmatic children were arbitrarily classified into four grades according to the relative frequency and persistence of their asthma to 14 years of age. Each of these grades could be more clearly defined on analysis of other clinical and physiological characteristics.THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERE PERSISTENT ASTHMA WERE: onset usually in the first three years of life, a high frequency of attacks in the initial year, clinical and physiological evidence of persisting airways obstruction and pulmonary hyperinflation, chest deformity, and impairment of growth. By contrast, mild asthma usually began later in childhood, was episodic, and there was little or no evidence of airways obstruction between attacks. The attacks generally stopped before 10 years of age. In between these two extremes were two intermediate grades.The clinical and physiological characteristics of each grade of asthma at 14 years of age were usually evident by 10 years, and in the most severe grade by 7 years of age. These characteristics provide a sound basis for assessment, management, and prognosis.
IL-5 and thromboxane A2 receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with decreased pulmonary function in Korean children with atopic asthma
Authors: Soo-Jong Hong, So-Yeon Lee, Hyo-Bin Kim, Ja-Hyung Kim, Bong-Seong Kim, Soo-Ok Choi, Seong-Gene Lee, Eun-Soon Shin, Taek-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Trust took 10 years to deal with consultant whose competence was in question, report says
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist went on practising despite more than a decade of questions about his competence because of inadequate communication within his employing trust and a “lack of clarity on roles and processes” to deal with such cases, an independent report has concluded.

Rob Jones was appointed as a consultant at Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust in 1992 and was formally investigated eight times since 2000. The first reference to concerns about his practice appeared in a clinical director’s file note in 1997.

His career finally ended in May 2012 after the trust received the report of a review by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. This concluded that retraining was not a realistic option “given the breadth of deficiencies and the length of time problems had …
Amanita phalloides poisoning: Reassessment of prognostic factors and indications for emergency liver transplantation
Authors: Luc Escudié, Claire Francoz, Jean-Pierre Vinel, Rami Moucari, Maxime Cournot, Valérie Paradis, Alain Sauvanet, Jacques Belghiti, Dominique Valla, Jacques Bernuau, François Durand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF HDL AFTER SHORT-TERM EXERCISE TRAINING WITHOUT ANY SPECIFIC DIET IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Antonio Casella-Filho, Ivani C. Trombetta, Paulo M. Dourado, Lia B. Casella, Celise A. Denardi, Carlos E. Negrao, Antonio Carlos P. Chagas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Benign Parotid Enlargement in Bulimia
Authors: PHILIP A. LEVIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Bulimia is an episodic compulsive urge to overeat often followed by recurrent attempts to lose weight by selfinduced vomiting. Seven young women with this eating disorder and associated benign bilateral painless parotid enlargement are described. The glandular swelling was generally intermittent, with parotid enlargement usually developing 2 to 6 days after a binge overeating episode had stopped. Several had hypokalemic alkalosis and a moderate elevation in serum amylase levels. None had clinical evidence of pancreatitis, and a parotid gland biopsy in one patient was normal. The clinician should be alerted to the association of benign parotid enlargement with this syndrome.
Split Renal Function Testing Using Tc-99m DTPA
Authors: GARY F. GATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

The fractional renal uptake of intravenously administered Tc–99m DTPA, within 2 to 3 minutes following radiotracer arrival in the kidneys, is proportional to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Thus it is possible to determine total, as well as individual kidney, GFR by a radionuclide technique which needs only six minutes of patient time and requires neither blood nor urine samples. The radionuclide computed GFR correlates extremely well with 24–hour creatinine clearance determinations, and is highly reproducible. This method has been used in nearly 500 split renal function determinations and has provided valuable, accurate information.
595 THE PRESENCE OF HCVRNA IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF THE INDIVIDUALS WITH ISOLATED ANTI HCV POSITIVITY: IS HCV HIDING OUT?
Authors: B. Pýnarbasi, M. Bozaci, F. Akyuz, S. Badur, K. Demir, F. Besisik, Z. Mungan, A. Okten, Y. Cakaloglu, S. Kaymakoglu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Atrial pacing from the coronary vein. Ten-year experience in 50 patients with implanted pervenous pacemakers.
Authors: A J Moss, R J Rivers
Journal: Circulation (1978)

During the past ten years, pervenous atrial pacemakers have been implanted in 50 patients (mean age 68 years, 60% males) using an electrode positioned in the coronary vein. The indications for atrial pacing were symptomatic sinus bradycardia (72%), atrial brady-tachy syndrome (20%), and recurrent tachyarrhythmias (8%). Atrial pacemakers have been implanted for a total of 1531 pacing months, average 31 months per patient, median 26 months and range 3-97 months. Effective atrial pacing has been achieved with Medtronic model 5818 and 6904 electrodes. Unipolar or bipolar atrial pacing has been equally effective, and commercially available Medtronic 5950, Cordis 162 and CPI 602 pulse generators have been utilized without difficulty. A total of 11 electrode related malpacing events occurred in the ten-year period with a malpacing event rate of 10% in the first pacing month, 1.1% per paced month during the next six months, and 0.25% per paced month thereafter. Life table analysis reveals that effective atrial pacing was achieved in 76% of the patients during a follow-up of more than five years. This experience substantiates the long-term safety and effectiveness of atrial pacing from the coronary vein using standard pacemaker electrodes and generators.
Abstract 972: Epigenetic-microRNA networks in colon cancer stem cells
Authors: Maria Chatziapostolou, Dimitrios Iliopoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Although chemotherapeutic regimens often suppress tumor growth, cancer patients show high variability in their responses and commonly develop resistance to these drugs and recurrence of the tumor. To explain this phenomenon, the cancer stem cell hypothesis suggests that tumors contain a small number of tumor-forming, self-renewing, cancer stem cells (CSCs) within a population of non-tumor-forming cancer cells. In our study, we have identified that CD133+/CD44+/ALDH1+ colon cancer cells are able to self-renew, form tumors in immunodeficient (rag2-/-gammac-/-) mice and are highly resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy treatment. Several studies have identified that microRNAs are central regulators of oncogenesis, however their role in CSC formation and maintenance has not been elucidated. In order to identify microRNAs that suppress the growth of CD133+/CD44+/ALDH1+ colon cancer stem HCT-116 cells, we transfected a library of 810 microRNAs in these cells and evaluated their viability 24h post transfection. The microRNA library screen revealed 8 microRNAs that suppressed more than 80% colon CSC growth. Specifically, miR-26b inhibited most effectively (96%) colon CSC growth. In addition, microRNA microarray analysis revealed that miR-26b expression is highly decreased in colon CSCs in comparison to colon non-stem cancer cells (NSCCs), suggesting the importance of miR-26b in colon CSC growth. Bioinformatic and molecular analyses revealed that miR-26b targets directly the 3’UTR of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Overexpression of EZH2 in colon NSCCs resulted in formation of colon CSCs, suggesting the importance of EZH2 in colon CSC formation. Furthermore, chromatin-immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis showed that miR-26b overexpression in colon CSCs reactivates the expression of genes repressed by H3K27 tri-methylation. Interestingly, we have identified that miR-26b promoter area is a direct target of EZH2 suppressed by H3K27 tri-methylation. The transcriptional signature of the miR-26b-EZH2 network was also identified in colon CSCs derived from human colon cancer tumors. In addition, miR-26b targeted selectively colon CSCs and acted together with 5-FU chemotherapy to block tumor growth and prolong remission in colon cancer mouse models. Taken together, these data suggest the identification of novel epigenetic-microRNA network in colon CSCs and provide the rationale and experimental basis for using the combination of miR-26b and chemotherapy drugs to improve treatment of patients with colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 972. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-972
ERCP-Related Perforations: Risk Factors and Management
Authors: R. Enns, M. A. Eloubeidi, K. Mergener, P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, T. M. Pappas, J. Baillie
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Perforations during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are rare, and the management of these perforations is variable, with some patients requiring immediate surgery and others only conservative management. We reviewed all ERCP-related perforations at our institution to determine: a) their incidence; b) clinical outcomes; c) which management approaches gave the best results; and d) which factors predict a perforation. Patients and Methods: All patients who underwent ERCP and suffered perforation were reviewed. To compare the length of hospital stay of the perforation group with that of patients suffering a different complication, patients who developed post-ERCP pancreatitis were also reviewed. To evaluate predictors of ERCP-related perforations, three groups were compared: group 1 (n = 49), normal ERCP/no complications; group 2 (n = 52), ERCP complicated by pancreatitis; and group 3 (n = 33), ERCP with perforation. Results: Of 33 patients with confirmed ERCP-related perforations, only seven patients required surgical intervention. The overall length of hospital stay (6.5 ± 3.5 days) was significantly longer (P = 0.003) than that of a random group of patients with the complication of post-ERCP pancreatitis (4.7 ± 2.6 days). According to univariate analysis, risk factors included: sphincterotomy (odds ratio [OR] 9.0, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 3.2 - 28.1); sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (OR 3.8, 95 % CI 1.4 - 11.0); and dilated common bile duct (OR 4.07, 95 % CI 1.63 - 10.18, P = 0.003). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, additional predictive factors included the duration of procedure (OR 1.021, 95 % CI 1.006 - 1.036), and biliary stricture dilation (OR 7.2, 95 % CI 1.84 - 28.11). Conclusions: (i) The incidence of ERCP-related perforations is very low (0.35 %). (ii) Esophageal, gastric and duodenal perforations usually require surgery, but sphincterotomy- and guide wire-related perforations rarely do so. (iii) Factors which carry increased risk of an ERCP-related perforation include suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, greater age, a dilated bile duct, sphincterotomy, and longer duration of the procedure.
Blood flow to acutely ischaemic myocardium during pericardial tamponade: dominant influence of aortic blood pressure
Authors: J. D McANDREW, H F. DOWNEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

The effect of increased pericardial pressure on blood flow to acutely ischaemic and normal myocardium was investigated and the mechanisms responsible for this effect evaluated in eight open chest anaesthetised dogs. After coronary artery occlusion regional myocardial blood flows were estimated from the tissue content of radioactive microspheres administered systemically during control conditions, mild tamponade (pericardial pressure 8.4(1.0) mmHg), severe tamponade (pericardial pressure 13.3(1.4) mmHg), and severe tamponade (pericardial pressure 13.5(1.6) mmHg) with aortic blood pressure held constant by blood volume expansion. Mild tamponade decreased aortic blood flow by 20% and aortic pressure by 9%. Right and left atrial blood pressures were moderately increased. Blood flow to ischaemic and normal myocardium was not significantly altered. Severe tamponade decreased aortic blood flow by 50% and aortic pressure by 35%. Heart rate increased by 18%, and right and left atrial pressures were appreciably increased. Blood flow to ischaemic and normal myocardium decreased in proportion to the decrease in aortic pressure, but the transmural distribution of flow in ischaemic myocardium was not altered. During severe tamponade with constant aortic pressure, right and left atrial blood pressures were further increased, but blood flow to ischaemic and normal myocardium was similar to that observed under pre-tamponade control conditions. These results show that blood flow to acutely ischaemic myocardium during tamponade is determined primarily by aortic pressure.