tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Transplantation in Man
Authors: DAVID A. CLARK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Between July 1967 and March 1970 we considered 49 patients with end-stage heart disease for cardiac transplantation. After complete cardiologic evaluation to exclude all patients who could benefit from other modes of therapy, 34 patients were selected as potential recipients. Twenty of these underwent cardiac transplantation; 14 did not. While receiving optimal medical therapy before a donor became available, two of the 14 nontransplanted patients improved significantly and were removed from the waiting list. The other 12 died within 2 to 90 days (average, 28 days) while awaiting a suitable donor. Clinical data on both groups are presented. Actuarial statistics show a survival after cardiac transplantation, in our series, of 55% at 3 months, 43% at 6 months, and 36% at 1 year. Six patients are alive at more than 1 year after transplantation. In a select group of carefully evaluated patients cardiac transplantation appears to prolong life.
Horizontal gene transfer in glycosyl hydrolases inferred from codon usage in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: S. Garcia-Vallve, J. Palau, A. Romeu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Glycosyl hydrolase (GH) genes from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were used to search for cases of horizontal gene transfer. Such an event was inferred by G + C content, codon usage analysis, and a phylogenetic congruency test. The codon usage analysis used is a procedure based on a distance derived from a Pearson linear correlation coefficient determined from a pairwise codon usage comparison. The distances are then used to generate a distance-based tree with which we can define clusters and rapidly compare codon usage. Three genes (yagH from E. coli and xynA and xynB from B. subtilis) were determined to have arrived by horizontal gene transfer and were located in E. coli CP4-6 prophage, and B. subtilis prophages 6 and 5, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate that with codon usage analysis, the proposed horizontally transferred genes can be distinguished from highly expressed genes.
Tighter medical controls proposed for boxing
Authors: D. Carnall, J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1995)

New measures designed to make boxing safer in Britain were announced last week as fresh controversy arose over the future of the sport. The announcement from the British Board of Boxing Control came only a week after the death of Mr James Murray, a boxer who died after receiving repeated blows to the head during a professional match in Glasgow.

The board has been advised by a working party of neurosurgeons and neurologists that was convened after the death of another boxer, Mr Bradley Stone, 18 months ago. Its recommendations include plans for tighter medical checks and longer periods of compulsory rest after knockout bouts.

The board wants to …
Ethanol-induced liver fibrosis in rats fed high fat diet
Authors: Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Sally J. Towner, Lefran M. Clofalo, Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Severe hepatic steatosis and focal necrosis of hepatocytes have previously been induced in rats by continuous intragastric infusion of ethanol and a diet containing only 5% fat as a per cent of total calories as reported by us previously. Since the ethanol diet fed ad libitum with such a low level of fat has previously failed to produce alcoholic fatty liver, continuously high blood alcohol levels achieved in this model appeared to be key in induction of the progressive pathologic lesions in the liver. In the current study, effects of increased fat intake on alcohol-induced liver injury were investigated. Seventeen pairs of male Wistar rats were implanted with gastrostomy cannulas and infused with a liquid diet containing 25% of total calories as fat plus ethanol or isocaloric dextrose. Ethanol intake was progressively increased from 32% up to 47% of total calories to maintain sustained intoxication for 30 to 120 days. Light and electron microscopic examination of the liver revealed moderate to severe fatty infiltration in all of the ethanolfed rats, of which 14 had spotty or zonal necrosis in the centrilobular areas accompanied by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell infiltration. In addition, fibrosis was observed in association with the necrotic lesions or with large-droplet steatosis. Reticulin and trichrome stains clearly demonstrated fine fibrosis, including perivenular fibrosis as well as septum formation progressing to bridging fibrosis. Furthermore, increased numbers of Ito cells and myofibroblasts were observed in the perivenular fibrotic areas. These results demonstrate striking potentiation of alcohol-induced liver injury by the increased fat intake or by the concomitant decrease in carbohydrate intake. This model, which represents the first rat model to achieve such advanced experimental alcohol-induced liver injury, possesses the obvious potential for further use in studies of ethanol-nutrient interactions in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury.
Utilization Strategies for Intensive Care Units
Authors: Cory Franklin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Utilization Strategies for Intensive Care Units" by Drs Kalb and Miller' fails to address the important question of how to evaluate the effects of rationing critical care resources in a hospital. This entails collecting data on the impact of the intensive care unit (ICU) on the pool of patients both inside and outside the ICU when attendant bed shortages occur. Studying only patients in the ICU, the common methodology cited in the article by Drs Kalb and Miller, introduces selection bias into ICU research and neglects a basic tenet of epidemiology. As an example, take a hypothetical 100-bed hospital with a single 10-bed ICU. This system will generate descriptive data such as case mix and severity for ICU and non-ICU patients. Outcome data (including ICU, ward, and hospital mortality; occupancy rates; and lengths of stay) can be collected that will be unique to this particular
Hydrogen peroxide inhibits IL-12 p40 induction in macrophages by inhibiting c-rel translocation to the nucleus through activation of calmodulin protein
Authors: Nooruddin Khan, Sheikh Showkat Rahim, Chandra Sekhar Boddupalli, Sheikh Ghousunnissa, Samavedan Padma, Niteen Pathak, Dorairajan Thiagarajan, Seyed E. Hasnain, Sangita Mukhopadhyay
Journal: Blood (2005)
Colonic diverticula. Surgical management.
Authors: M C Reilly
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Clinical confidence and coordinated multidisciplinary care can influence the course of anorexia nervosa in children and adolescents. Sicker and younger patients with anorexia nervosa often present first to a paediatrician, requiring early recognition and appropriate management. Paediatric knowledge and skills are also needed to manage the impact of eating disorders on growth and development. This review provides practical guidance on the management of anorexia nervosa for paediatricians, in the areas of assessment, acute management and re-feeding, and long-term monitoring. In the absence of a strong evidence base for some of these recommendations, local protocols based on best practice guidelines can reduce anxiety, increase cooperation and reduce risk.
Colonoscopic Perforation: Its Emergency Treatment
Authors: W. Jacobsohn, A. Levy
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

One of the accepted complications of colonoscopy is perforation. This is known to occur in greater frequency in patients having undergone previous pelvic or colonic surgery, as well as patients suffering from diverticulosis. A case is presented of colonic perforation during diagnostic examination in an area of adhesions secondary to pelvic surgery. Immediately after the perforation, the patient entered into vascular collapse and respiratory distress, with a distended abdomen. The introduction of a large bore intravenous catheter into the abdominal cavity with the release of the pneumoperitoneum resulted in an instantaneous return of vital signs and the patient subsequently underwent surgery and recovered. It is felt that this method of emergency treatment can be life-saving in a patient perforating during colonoscopy.
Artificial Insemination by Donor
Authors: Mary E. Guinan
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The report of seven cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women who were artificially inseminated by donor is another landmark in the history of the HIV epidemic in North America.1Details of the investigation reveal that the women had received semen from one of five donors subsequently found to be HIV infected. The women were inseminated at fertility centers between 1981 and 1985, before the first laboratory test for HIV was licensed and available in the United States. The tragedy of these cases is compounded by the fear that more have gone unrecognized. Not all recipients of the semen of the infected donors could be found and 30 recipients refused to be tested. These cases bring the total to 12 known cases of HIV infection in women from artificially inseminated donor semen, four in Australia,2two in Canada,1and six in the United States.1,3
DIET IN CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  In his article, Diet in Coronary Atherosclerosis, inThe Journal, June 25, page 884, Dr. Morrison reports that 100 patients who had survived the first four to six weeks after myocardial infarction were alternately assigned to a normal diet group and a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet group. Mortality for each group was reported at 3, 5, and 12 years after infarction. Survival figures for the low-fat, low-cholesterol group were superior at all three intervals, but the author states, Statistical evaluation of the 100 patients reported in this study is impractical because of the smallness of the sample.  A skeptic may question whether unconscious bias might be present as a result of selection of cases, the chance distribution of irrelevant but prognostically important characteristics, or important differences other than diet in the subsequent management. It appears unlikely that significant bias is present. Assuming no bias, there is a relatively
RNF212 is a dosage-sensitive regulator of crossing-over during mammalian meiosis
Authors: April Reynolds, Huanyu Qiao, Ye Yang, Jefferson K Chen, Neil Jackson, Kajal Biswas, J Kim Holloway, Frédéric Baudat, Bernard de Massy, Jeremy Wang, Christer Höög, Paula E Cohen, Neil Hunter
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Discrepancies in Cancer Genomic Sequencing Highlight Opportunities for Driver Mutation Discovery
Authors: Andrew M. Hudson, Tim Yates, Yaoyong Li, Eleanor W. Trotter, Shameem Fawdar, Phil Chapman, Paul Lorigan, Andrew Biankin, Crispin J. Miller, John Brognard
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Cancer genome sequencing is being used at an increasing rate to identify actionable driver mutations that can inform therapeutic intervention strategies. A comparison of two of the most prominent cancer genome sequencing databases from different institutes (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) revealed marked discrepancies in the detection of missense mutations in identical cell lines (57.38% conformity). The main reason for this discrepancy is inadequate sequencing of GC-rich areas of the exome. We have therefore mapped over 400 regions of consistent inadequate sequencing (cold-spots) in known cancer-causing genes and kinases, in 368 of which neither institute finds mutations. We demonstrate, using a newly identified PAK4 mutation as proof of principle, that specific targeting and sequencing of these GC-rich cold-spot regions can lead to the identification of novel driver mutations in known tumor suppressors and oncogenes. We highlight that cross-referencing between genomic databases is required to comprehensively assess genomic alterations in commonly used cell lines and that there are still significant opportunities to identify novel drivers of tumorigenesis in poorly sequenced areas of the exome. Finally, we assess other reasons for the observed discrepancy, such as variations in dbSNP filtering and the acquisition/loss of mutations, to give explanations as to why there is a discrepancy in pharmacogenomic studies, given recent concerns with poor reproducibility of data.
Records of presidential candidates show McCain has had melanoma and Obama is using nicotine replacement therapy
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The US presidential candidates have released details of their medical condition, in accordance with recent practice of politicians standing for high political office. Ever since it was revealed after his death that John F Kennedy had Addison’s disease, the health of presidential candidates has been considered a matter for public disclosure.

The Republican candidate, John McCain, aged 72, gave permission for the Mayo Clinic to release 1200 pages of his medical records to the press under strict security arrangements. A group of reporters representing the major news agencies and other …
First UK national data reveal more breast cancers between screenings than expected
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Breast cancers that develop between scheduled screening tests—interval cancers—occur at a slightly higher rate than expected, according to the first national data for the UK.

The study analysed data for more than 7.3 million women aged 50 to 64 who had a routine screening test for breast cancer between April 1997 and March 2003 at the 92 screening centres in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. They were all taking part in the UK NHS Breast Screening Programme, which invites women aged between 50 and 70 years for a mammogram every three years.

Results showed the rate …
Temporal variations in plasma vitamin K and lipid concentrations and clotting factor activity in humans
Authors: Farhad Kamali, Clive Edwards, Peter Wood, Hilary A. Wynne, Patrick Kesteven
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract There is no information available on temporal variability in plasma vitamin K concentrations and its relationship to coagulation processes. We investigated the possible existence of temporal changes in plasma vitamin K and lipid concentrations and activity of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X and relationships between these variables. Plasma vitamin K and lipid concentrations and clotting factor activity were measured at four‐hour intervals for 28 hours in a group of healthy volunteers. Temporal variations existed in plasma vitamin K concentrations, with a mean maximum at 22:00 hr and a mean minimum (32% of the maximum) at 10:00 hr. Plasma triglycerol concentrations mirrored the changes in vitamin K concentrations. Mean factor VII activity was positively correlated with mean total plasma cholesterol concentrations ( r = 0.714; P &lt; 0.0001) and with mean plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations ( r = 0.461; P &lt; 0.0001). No distinct correlations were found between plasma vitamin K concentrations and either high density lipoprotein (HDL) or LDL cholesterol concentrations, or between triglycerol, HDL, or LDL cholesterol concentrations and functional activity of factors II, IX, and X. Plasma vitamin K concentrations did not correlate with the functional activity of any of the clotting factors. The presence of a correlation between plasma cholesterol concentrations and factor VII activity for blood samples collected at four‐hour intervals suggests that plasma cholesterol concentrations may have a more acute effect on factor VII activity. Temporal variations in plasma vitamin K concentrations indicate that a single time point measurement may be an inappropriate method of establishing vitamin K status in an individual. Am. J. Hematol. 68:159–163, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of a test meal on the intragastric distribution of urea in the 13C-urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori.
Authors: J C Atherton, N Washington, P E Blackshaw, J L Greaves, A C Perkins, C J Hawkey, R C Spiller
Journal: Gut (1995)

Test meals are invariably used in the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) but their effect on the intragastric distribution and gastric residence time of urea given in the test is unknown. The site of Helicobacter pylori urease measured in the test is unknown and whether the test measures total or regional gastric urease is uncertain. This study reports the results of paired UBTs with simultaneous gastric distribution studies, one with and one without a fatty test meal, two weeks apart on seven H pylori infected subjects. The test meal did not affect UBT results at 10 minutes, but increased values at 30 minutes and thereafter. The amount of scintigraphic label in the antrum at 10 minutes was also unaffected by the meal but increased at 30 minutes and thereafter, whereas the amount in the body/fundus was greatly increased both at 10 minutes and throughout the test. There was considerable variation in intragastric distribution of urea between subjects, both with and without the test meal. This study shows that a test meal profoundly affects intragastric distribution of urea solution in the UBT, and increases UBT values at 30 minutes and later. Variability between subjects, however, means that accurate measurement of total or regional gastric urease is probably unrealistic.
Interaction of ethinyloestradiol with ascorbic acid in man.
Authors: D J Back, A M Breckenridge, M MacIver, M L Orme, H Purba, P H Rowe
Journal: BMJ (1981)

5 female volunteers were studied who had been taking oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg of ethinylestradiol (Ovranette and Eugynon) to determine the effect of ascorbic acid in women receiving long-term oral contraceptive treatment.  Clearly at all study periods (6 hours and 24 hours after ascorbic acid administration) the vitamin caused the plasma concentration of ethinylestradiol to rise; at 6 hours the mean percent increase was 16.3 and at 24 hours the increase was 47.6%.  The dose of ascorbic acid given (1 gm) is that prescribed for prevention of colds.  This drug interaction may allow reduction of amounts of ethinylestradiol in oral contraceptive preparations.
Pioglitazone produces rapid and persistent reduction of vascular inflammation in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus who are receiving angiotensin II receptor blockers
Authors: Hiroyuki Takase, Ai Nakazawa, Sumiyo Yamashita, Takayuki Toriyama, Koichi Sato, Ryuzo Ueda, Yasuaki Dohi
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Focus: Brussels Producers v consumers: redressing the balance on food
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In January the European Commission's president, Jacques Santer, surprised the outside world, and many of his colleagues, by announcing his intention to reform the way the commission prepared, implemented, and supervised legislation relating to the food union citizens eat. Prompted mainly by the crisis caused by bovine spongiform encephalopathy, the reforms may redress some of the current imbalance between consumers and producers of food. This week his proposals will get the go ahead-or otherwise-from the European Parliament.

Cynics would say that the proposals are more a ploy to ensure the political survival of Mr Santer and his colleagues, rather than a genuine attempt to …
IMPACT OF BIVALIRUDIN PROCEDURAL ANTICOAGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY: 3-YEAR RESULTS FROM THE HORIZONS AMI TRIAL
Authors: Bernhard Witzenbichler, Roxana Mehran, Giulio Guagliumi, Martin Desaga, Janusz Kochman, Dennis W. Nilsen, Ariel Finkelstein, Morris Mosseri, Helen Parise, Ecaterina Cristea, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
339 DIFFERENTIAL ACCUMULATION OF CIRCULATING BILE ACID GLUCURONIDES IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE AND SEVERE CHOLESTASIS: A TARGETED METABOLOMIC STUDY
Authors: J. Trottier, A. Białek, P. Caron, R.J. Straka, J. Heathcote, P. Milkiewicz, O. Barbier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
THE EXCRETION OF NEUTRAL RED INTO THE HUMAN STOMACH
Authors: ASHER WINKELSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Following the introduction of phenolsulphonephthalein as a test of renal function, the analogous use of dyestuffs to test the function of other organs has been attempted. For instance, phenoltetrachlorphthalein, indigocarmin and methylene blue have proved of some value as liver function tests. On account of the ease with which gastric contents may be recovered, and the fact that certain dyestuffs are readily excreted into the stomach, chromoscopy has also recently been applied to the study of the secretory function of the stomach. Fuld, in 1908,<sup>1</sup>had observed that neutral red was excreted by the gastric mucosa. Finkelstein,<sup>2</sup>using a Pawlow pouch in dogs, found that the neutral red was excreted in the gastric juice in large quantities and that fluorescin and methylene blue were excreted only in traces, while eosin, indigocarmin, phenolsulphonephthalein, congo red, acridin red and phenoltetrachlorphthalein did not appear in the stomach after subcutaneous administration. Saxl
Chemicals in the environment and developmental toxicity to children: a public health and policy perspective.
Authors: L R Goldman, S Koduru
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

There are numerous pesticides and toxic chemicals in the environment that have yet to be evaluated for potential to cause developmental neurotoxicity. Recent legislation and testing initiatives provide an impetus to generating more information about potential hazards to children. In the United States, the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) required the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to make a finding that a pesticide food use is safe for children. In addition, the law requires U.S. EPA to incorporate an additional 10-fold factor in risk assessments for pesticide residue tolerances to take into account the special sensitivities of infants and children as well as incomplete data with respect to toxicity and exposures. The potential of chemicals in food and drinking water to cause endocrine disruption will also be examined via the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Program required by the FQPA and the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act. In addition, a new voluntary chemical information program will provide screening-level information for the some 2,800 high-volume chemicals in commerce in the United States. These initiatives will need to be accompanied by research focused on developmental toxicity for children, including developmental disabilities. Developmental disabilities exact a large toll on children's health in the United States. Three major developmental disabilities--autism, cerebral palsy, and severe mental retardation--each affect substantial numbers of children. We know very little about the etiology of these conditions. A number of priority areas for research are suggested, including a large environmental prospective study of developmental neurotoxicity.
Peripheral blood stem cell allograft rejection mediated by CD4+ T lymphocytes recognizing a single mismatch at HLA-DPβ1*0901
Authors: Katharina Fleischhauer, Elisabetta Zino, Benedetta Mazzi, Elisabetta Sironi, Paolo Servida, Elisabetta Zappone, Elena Benazzi, Claudio Bordignon
Journal: Blood (2001)
Preventing Abuse, Promoting Respect for Women in Childbirth
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Promoting programs and policies to institute a high standard of respectful care for women during childbirth around the globe is the focus of a new statement from the World Health Organization (WHO), “Prevention and Elimination of Disrespect and Abuse During Childbirth” (http://bit.ly/1tXdc8v).