tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pfizer pleads guilty, but drug sales continue to soar
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Recent military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have resulted in the significant increase in blast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to increased Department of Defense interest in its potential long-term effects ranging from the mildest head injuries termed subconcussive trauma to the most debilitating termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Most patients with mild TBI will recover quickly while others report persistent symptoms called postconcussive syndrome. Repeated concussive and subconcussive head injuries result in neurodegenerative conditions that may hinder the injured for years. Fundamental questions about the nature of these injuries and recovery remain unanswered. Clinically, patients with CTE present with either affective changes or cognitive impairment. Genetically, there have been no clear risk factors identified. The discovery that microglia of the cerebral cortex discharged small extracellular vesicles in the injured and adjacent regions to a TBI may soon shed light on the immediate impact injury mechanisms. The combination of neuroimaging and advanced research techniques may, one day, fill critical knowledge gaps and lead to significant TBI research and treatment advancements.
Association between Hospital Mortality and Residency Work-Hour Regulations
Authors: Milo Puhan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters18 March 2008Association between Hospital Mortality and Residency Work-Hour RegulationsMilo Puhan, MD, PhDMilo Puhan, MD, PhDFrom University Hospital of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent article, Shetty and Bhattacharya (1) present a careful analysis of the impact of the new regulations on work hours for hospital residents in the United States. Although the reporting is excellent in general, there is a major inconsistency in the reporting of the years. The authors compared outcomes from January 2001 to July 2003 with outcomes from July 2003 to December 2004. However, in Figure 1 and in the description of the sensitivity analyses, there is a description of the years from 1998 to 2002. Did the authors use these years to test assumptions ...Reference1. Shetty KD, Bhattacharya J. Changes in hospital mortality associated with residency work-hour regulations. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:73-80. [PMID: 17548403] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Milo Puhan, MD, PhDAffiliations: From University Hospital of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoChanges in Hospital Mortality Associated with Residency Work-Hour Regulations Kanaka D. Shetty and Jayanta Bhattacharya Association between Hospital Mortality and Residency Work-Hour Regulations Kanaka D. Shetty and Jayanta Bhattacharya Metrics 18 March 2008Volume 148, Issue 6 Page: 482 Keywords Conflicts of interest Mortality Residency ePublished: 18 March 2008 Issue Published: 18 March 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Bellevue Literary Review: A Journal of Humanity and Human Experience
Authors: H. Mathiasen
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Understanding Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Authors: Cheryl E. Hanna
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Understanding Insulin Dependent Diabetesis the seventh edition of the diabetes instructional manual written by H. Peter Chase, MD, and used at the Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes. It is meant to explain to parents of a child newly diagnosed the pathophysiology of diabetes and the techniques necessary to manage a child with diabetes.  Dr Chase has written his teaching tool clearly, so that most high school students and adults can understand the information. He includes the many technological advances in diabetes management of the 1980s. He emphasizes home glucose monitoring and consistency in food management and clearly outlines the American Diabetic Association's recommendations for the standard of care for children with insulin-dependent diabetes.  The seventh edition includes a much stronger look at the social and psychological aspects of being a child with diabetes. The author discusses age-appropriate expectations for children with diabetes, and children are not expected in
Increased plasma adrenaline concentrations in benign essential hypertension.
Authors: R Franco-Morselli, J L Elghozi, E Joly, S Di Giuilio, P Meyer
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured in the supine position and after standing for 10 minutes in 14 patients with sustained benign essential hypertension and in five patients with labile hypertension. Results were compared with values obtained in 11 normotensive control subjects. In controls plasma noradrenaline concentrations increased with age, while plasma adrenaline values tended to decrease with age. No significant difference in mean plasma noradrenaline was found between hypertensive and control subjects, but plasma noradrenaline seemed slightly increased in a proportion of hypertensive patients aged less than 50. Plasma adrenaline was considerably raised in both supine and standing positions in eight patients with sustained hypertension and in two with labile hypertension. Dopamine concentrations and plasma renin activity were similar in all groups studied. The finding of significantly raised plasma adrenaline concentrations in a large proportion of hypertensive patients supports the hypothesis that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is increased in essential hypertension. Measurement of plasma adrenaline seems to be a more sensitive index of this activity than that of plasma noradrenaline.
Rehabilitation of the Injured Knee
Authors: Wilson Del Pizzo
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The authors acknowledge that the precept behind the book was the fact that very little has been written about the rehabilitation of the knee. They also point out that rehabilitation is a keystone to recovery. The book has been written to appeal to all members of the medical team, including physicians, therapists, trainers, and other sports-related specialists.  The book is divided into two parts. The first part involves basic principles. These chapters deal with anatomy, biomechanics, knee surgery, and principles of cartilage, ligament, and muscle physiology. The second part is involved primarily with specific exercise programs for the knee and lower extremity. Other chapters outline specific programs for football, gymnastics, and racquet sports. Also included are chapters devoted to women's rehabilitation and children's problems.  The book is 440 pages long, allowing the contributors to delve into their subject matter at some length. The authors who discuss biomechanics and physiology have
Man-Made Stratospheric Change — A Possible Public-Health Concern
Authors: Carroll Leslie Bastian, Warren R. Muir
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

It seems intuitively a preposterous proposal that human activities might cause long-term changes in the structure of the earth's atmosphere of sufficient scope to create serious environmental and public-health problems. Yet, since the first postulate that exhausts from high-altitude aircraft might affect the stratosphere, it has become apparent that such a proposal cannot be taken lightly.*The principal concern to date has been the possibility that man can reduce the ozone content of the stratosphere by activities such as the release of certain fluorocarbons used primarily as aerosol propellants and as fluids in air conditioning and refrigeration. Ozone (O3 . . .
Abortion and Unplanned Pregnancy
Authors: John H. Shale
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increasing the Accuracy of Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing and Extending Its Application to Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance for the Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jay M. Sosenko, Jerry P. Palmer, Carla J. Greenbaum, Jeffrey Mahon, Catherine Cowie, Jeffrey P. Krischer, H. Peter Chase, Neil H. White, Bruce Buckingham, Kevan C. Herold, David Cuthbertson, Jay S. Skyler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We assessed the extent to which both standard and alternative indexes from 2-h oral glucose tolerance testing predict type 1 diabetes and whether oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) predict type 1 diabetes in individuals with normal glucose tolerance.The prediction of type 1 diabetes from baseline OGTTs was studied in 704 Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 participants (islet-cell autoantibody [ICA]-positive relatives of type 1 diabetic patients). The maximum follow-up was 7.4 years. Analyses utilized receiver-operator curves (ROCs), proportional hazards models, and survival curves.ROC areas under the curve (ROCAUCs) for both the AUC glucose (0.73 +/- 0.02) and an OGTT prediction index (0.78 +/- 0.02) were higher (P < 0.001) than those for the fasting (0.53 +/- 0.02) and 2-h glucose (0.66 +/- 0.02). ROCAUCs for the 60- and 90-min glucose (0.71 +/- 0.02 and 0.72 +/- 0.02, respectively) were also higher (P < 0.01) than those for the fasting and 2-h glucose. Among individuals with normal glucose tolerance, OGTTs were highly predictive, with 4th versus 1st quartile hazard ratios for the 2-h glucose, AUC glucose, and OGTT prediction index ranging from 3.77 to 5.30 (P < 0.001 for all).Certain alternative OGTT indexes appear to better predict type 1 diabetes than standard OGTT indexes in ICA-positive relatives of type 1 diabetic patients. Moreover, even among those with normal glucose tolerance, OGTTs are strongly predictive. This suggests that subtle metabolic abnormalities are present several years before the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.
James Edward Mitchell ("Sam")
Authors: D. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former chief medical officer for Scotland and an expert on the classification of mental disorders Bob Kendell was a seminal figure in the classification of mental disorders, in a way that deepened understanding.He earned international acclaim as an outstanding writer, a master of logical thinking, and a fine researcher.He decided on psychiatry early in his career and his doctoral thesis argued that there were several types of depressive illness, identifiable with systematically gathered clinical information.His 1975 book The Role of Diagnosis in Psychiatry remains a classic.He made important contributions to mental illnesses of pregnancy, addiction, schizophrenia, hysteria, lithium therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy, showing that the latter was undervalued, and unfairly depicted in the film One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest.He took a double first in natural sciences at Cambridge before doing his clinical training in London.After house jobs at Queen Square and the Brompton, he did his specialist training at the Maudsley, moving to an academic career at the Institute of Psychiatry.During this time he joined a major international study of psychiatric diagnosis.This applied structured interview techniques to areas where they had been absent.Diagnoses were generated according to specified and logical rules.The World Health Organization international pilot study of schizophrenia and many other studies have been based on the principles established in that project.In 1970, following a year as visiting professor of psychiatry in Vermont, he moved to Edinburgh as reader in psychiatry, becoming professor four years later.From 1986 to 1990 he was dean of medicine at the university, supervising the medical school's expansion.After a further year as professor he was
The diagnostic and predictive value of ascites nitric oxide levels in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Paul Angulo, Juan Carlos Garcia, Roberto J. Groszmann, Gregory W. Cadelina
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule involved in pathogen suppression. Cirrhosis is characterized by an increased risk for infections, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). The role of NO in the infections that develop in cirrhosis has not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of measuring ascites NO in the diagnosis of SBP and/or in determining the predisposition of cirrhotic patients to develop this infection. Nitric oxide metabolites (nitrites + nitrates [NOx]) were measured by chemiluminescence in 105 ascites samples obtained from 87 cirrhotic patients and in 87 simultaneously obtained serum samples. Ascites NO levels were not significantly different among ascites from patients with SBP (n = 39; median, 48 micromol/L), patients with sterile ascites (n = 54; median, 42 micromol/L), and samples obtained after patients with SBP had been treated (n = 12; median, 62 micromol/L). No differences in ascites NO levels were observed between culture-positive and culture-negative peritonitis. Among 50 patients with sterile ascites on initial paracentesis, 7 patients developed peritonitis during follow-up; no differences in baseline NO levels were observed between patients who developed peritonitis (median, 46 micromol/L) and those who did not (median, 41 micromol/L). Among patients with SBP, mortality was significantly higher in those with NO levels >60 micromol/L. A very significant direct correlation was found between ascites and serum NO levels (r2 = .86). In conclusion, ascites NO levels in cirrhotic patients are not useful either to diagnose or to determine predisposition to SBP. Rather, ascites NO levels reflect serum levels, are higher in cirrhotic patients with more severe liver disease, and may be a useful prognostic marker.
Venous Disorders: A Manual of Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: M. Verstraete
Journal: BMJ (1996)

G Belcaro, A N Nicolaides, M Veller Saunders, pounds sterling19.95, pp 194 ISBN 0 7020 2016 8

Venous Disorders is edited by three vascular experts working in Italy, the United Kingdom, and the Republic of South Africa, who have a training in common at the vascular laboratory of St Mary's Hospital in London. Most of the chapters have been contributed to by experts who have …
Sweet's syndrome in infancy
Authors: S. ITAMI, K. NISHIOKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

A 3-month-old Japanese girl developed tender erythematous elevated plaques on her face and buttocks with fever up to 38°C. Histology showed a perivascular neutrophil infiltrate with nuclear debris in the dermis. Endothelial cells were swollen but no hyalinization of the vessel wall was observed. The lesions recurred several times and responded little to antibiotics but dramatically to oral corticosteroid. We diagnosed her skin condition as Sweet's syndrome in infancy.
Potentiating Functional Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Immunity by a Novel PD1 Isoform-based Fusion DNA Vaccine
Authors: Jingying Zhou, Allen KL Cheung, Henggui Liu, Zhiwu Tan, Xian Tang, Yuanxi Kang, Yanhua Du, Haibo Wang, Li Liu, Zhiwei Chen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Understanding and identifying new ways of mounting an effective CD8+ T cell immune response is important for eliminating infectious pathogens. Although upregulated programmed death-1 (PD1) in chronic infections (such as HIV-1 and tuberculosis) impedes T cell responses, blocking this PD1/PD-L pathway could functionally rescue the "exhausted" T cells. However, there exists a number of PD1 spliced variants with unknown biological function. Here, we identified a new isoform of human PD1 (Δ42PD1) that contains a 42-nucleotide in-frame deletion located at exon 2 domain found expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Δ42PD1 appears to function distinctly from PD1, as it does not engage PD-L1/PD-L2 but its recombinant form could induce proinflammatory cytokines. We utilized Δ42PD1 as an intramolecular adjuvant to develop a fusion DNA vaccine with HIV-1 Gag p24 antigen to immunize mice, which elicited a significantly enhanced level of anti-p24 IgG1/IgG2a antibody titers, and important p24-specific and tetramer+CD8+ T cells responses that lasted for ≥7.5 months. Furthermore, p24-specific CD8+ T cells remain functionally improved in proliferative and cytolytic capacities. Importantly, the enhanced antigen-specific immunity protected mice against pathogenic viral challenge and tumor growth. Thus, this newly identified PD1 variant (Δ42PD1) amplifies the generation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immunity when used in a DNA vaccine. Understanding and identifying new ways of mounting an effective CD8+ T cell immune response is important for eliminating infectious pathogens. Although upregulated programmed death-1 (PD1) in chronic infections (such as HIV-1 and tuberculosis) impedes T cell responses, blocking this PD1/PD-L pathway could functionally rescue the "exhausted" T cells. However, there exists a number of PD1 spliced variants with unknown biological function. Here, we identified a new isoform of human PD1 (Δ42PD1) that contains a 42-nucleotide in-frame deletion located at exon 2 domain found expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Δ42PD1 appears to function distinctly from PD1, as it does not engage PD-L1/PD-L2 but its recombinant form could induce proinflammatory cytokines. We utilized Δ42PD1 as an intramolecular adjuvant to develop a fusion DNA vaccine with HIV-1 Gag p24 antigen to immunize mice, which elicited a significantly enhanced level of anti-p24 IgG1/IgG2a antibody titers, and important p24-specific and tetramer+CD8+ T cells responses that lasted for ≥7.5 months. Furthermore, p24-specific CD8+ T cells remain functionally improved in proliferative and cytolytic capacities. Importantly, the enhanced antigen-specific immunity protected mice against pathogenic viral challenge and tumor growth. Thus, this newly identified PD1 variant (Δ42PD1) amplifies the generation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immunity when used in a DNA vaccine.
Oat Products: Lowering of Lipids, Education of Public
Authors: Roger A. Brumback
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Ripsin et al<sup>1</sup>are to be complimented for their thorough evaluation of experimental data concerning the beneficial effects of oat bran and other oat-containing foods on serum cholesterol levels. However, it is unfortunate that their exhaustive analysis did not receive the same media blitz accompanying the 1990 article by Swain et al,<sup>2</sup>which impugned the health benefits of oat bran. As has been previously pointed out by Connor,<sup>3</sup>humans and their prehominid ancestors ate high-fiber diets for millions of years. Yet, the recent development of the "better" diet of highly refined low-fiber foods has been readily accepted by the American public, despite the lack of any controlled double-blind or other rigorous study demonstrating its safety and efficacy. Even the popular crackers named for Sylvester Graham (who was a passionate advocate of a high-fiber diet) are now made from low-fiber white flour only. It has
Stimulation of natural killer cells with a CD137-specific antibody enhances trastuzumab efficacy in xenotransplant models of breast cancer
Authors: Holbrook E. Kohrt, Roch Houot, Kipp Weiskopf, Matthew J. Goldstein, Ferenc Scheeren, Debra Czerwinski, A. Dimitrios Colevas, Wen-Kai Weng, Michael F. Clarke, Robert W. Carlson, Frank E. Stockdale, Joseph A. Mollick, Lieping Chen, Ronald Levy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; also known as HER-2/neu), is indicated for the treatment of women with either early stage or metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. It kills tumor cells by several mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Strategies that enhance the activity of ADCC effectors, including NK cells, may improve the efficacy of trastuzumab. Here, we have shown that upon encountering trastuzumab-coated, HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, human NK cells become activated and express the costimulatory receptor CD137. CD137 activation, which was dependent on NK cell expression of the FcγRIII receptor, occurred both in vitro and in the peripheral blood of women with HER2-expressing breast cancer after trastuzumab treatment. Stimulation of trastuzumab-activated human NK cells with an agonistic mAb specific for CD137 killed breast cancer cells (including an intrinsically trastuzumab-resistant cell line) more efficiently both in vitro and in vivo in xenotransplant models of human breast cancer, including one using a human primary breast tumor. The enhanced cytotoxicity was restricted to antibody-coated tumor cells. This sequential antibody strategy, combining a tumor-targeting antibody with a second antibody that activates the host innate immune system, may improve the therapeutic effects of antibodies against breast cancer and other HER2-expressing tumors.