tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sterility of Norplant Packaging
Authors: Ronald D. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Norplant system (Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pa) was recently introduced in the United States. It consists of six Silastic capsules containing levonorgestrel that are surgically implanted under the skin of the medial upper arm with a trocar introducer and provide 5 years of contraception. The manufacturer has been training gynecologists and family physicians in the insertion technique through a combination of an audiovisual training kit, a dummy arm, and hands-on training sessions with live patients. I recently attended one of these training sessions and discovered a serious perception problem regarding the sterility of the system's packaging. The insertion kit has an outer cardboard box with an inner plastic tray that holds all of the sterile-wrapped insertion materials. This tray has the superficial appearance of a lumbar puncture or subclavian catheter insertion tray that most US physicians are familiar with. However, the Norplant packaging materials are simply packaging—they
Clinical significance of antibodies against neutrophils in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Authors: F Seibold, P Weber, R Klein, P A Berg, K H Wiedmann
Journal: Gut (1992)

The presence of perinuclear antibodies against neutrophils (pANCA) has been detected recently in sera of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. In order to evaluate their clinical significance, sera from 126 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (80 Crohn9s disease and 46 ulcerative colitis and 22 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis were examined for pANCA by indirect immunofluorescence on liver sections and cytocentrifuge slides of neutrophils and by immunoblot. Perinuclear antibodies against neutrophils were found in 83% of patients with ulcerative colitis in 88% of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease, in 40% of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis but without inflammatory bowel disease, and in 25% of patients with Crohn9s disease using the immunofluorescence test. Titres of pANCA ranged from 1:10 to 1:1000 in ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (median 1:100), whereas in Crohn9s disease only four patients had titres of more than 1:10. The occurrence of pANCA did not correlate with clinical activity of Crohn9s disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis whereas in ulcerative colitis high titres of pANCA were found mainly in active disease. Using an immunoblot system with sonified neutrophils as antigen, 82% of sera from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis reacted with up to five different determinants, whereas only 12% of sera from patients with Crohn9s disease and 11% of sera with ulcerative colitis detected one of the determinants, suggesting different antigens involved in pANCA reaction.
Normalized Serum Thyroxine and Effective Thyroxine Ratio
Authors: F. S. Ashkar
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  In a recent letter (222:1653, 1972) Mincey compared normalized thyroxine (T 4 N) with the effective thyroxine ratio (ETR) by two in vitro thyroid-function tests utilizing modified competitive techniques of protein binding analysis. He claimed that the techniques were the same and that we failed to mention his original work ( Clin Biochem 4:216, 1971).  The T 4 N and ETR tests are different in principle, method, technique, and results. The T 4 N test is a superior test because it is a quantitative measurement of serum thyroxine; it does not alter normal or pathological thyroxine values and corrects falseabnormal thyroxine values due to the interference of certain physiological conditions. It possesses good separation between the normal and abnormal thyroid functional state, resulting in no overlap between them.  The ETR test is an indirect measure of thyroxine as an index, is not quantitative, and has a very narrow normal
Dabigatran compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and symptomatic heart failure: a subgroup analysis of the RE‐LY trial
Authors: Jorge Ferreira, Michael D. Ezekowitz, Stuart J. Connolly, Martina Brueckmann, Mandy Fraessdorf, Paul A. Reilly, Salim Yusuf, Lars Wallentin
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Caring for Older People: Money problems and financial help
Authors: C. Teale
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Older people make up the largest low income group in the United Kingdom. This article gives an overview of financial help available for older people, including general information, such as pensions and low income benefits, and also particular support for those with disabilities, such as attendance allowance and assistance with residential or nursing home fees. Advice on an individual's entitlements is available from the Benefits Agency and, particularly for those with disabilities, from social workers.
THE MANAGEMENT OF SOME FORMS OF ASTHMA.
Authors: THOMAS F. REILLY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Brügelman of Wiesbaden has had under his care 2,130 cases of asthma and believes that the symptom asthma in all of his cases was due essentially to some disturbance of the central nervous system which is set up by one of three sets of general causes. (1) Traumatic, involving some injury to the brain or medulla. (2) Toxic asthma, due to toxic conditions of the blood as uremia, diabetes mellitus, etc.; under this term he includes cardiac asthma. (3) Reflective, such cases as are due to reflex irritation, particularly involving the air tract. Out of his 2,130 cases he found 7 that were due to cerebral traumatism and 222 that could be referred to toxic conditions. All of the remainder, amounting to 1,900, were due to reflex irritation of some kind. Of this number 665 were referable to the so-called nasal points, and 464 to similar points in the pharynx.
Thebesian Drainage of the Septal Artery
Authors: THOMAS W. MOIR, RICHARD W. ECKSTEIN, THOMAS E. DRISCOL
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

Direct right ventricular drainage of I 131 serum albumin injected into the septal artery of the normally beating dog heart has been demonstrated. By the application of standard dilution equations to the time-concentration curves recorded in the pulmonary artery, estimates of the magnitude of this Thebesian drainage have been made. Approximately 80% of septal artery outflow has been estimated to drain directly into the right ventricle; this amount comprises about 12.8% of total common left coronary flow and, in part, explains the discrepancy found between common left coronary inflow and coronary sinus outflow. The implications of Thebesian drainage of a branch of the common left coronary artery relative to the use of coronary sinus sampling for left ventricular metabolic studies have been discussed.
Cancer charity demands extension of drug fund despite criticisms it is unfair
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A cancer charity has urged all UK political parties to extend the life of the controversial Cancer Drugs Fund in England until 2020, even though the ethical basis for the fund has been described as “arbitrary at best.” Similar funds should also be introduced in other parts of the United Kingdom, the charity said, despite concerns over the fairness and effectiveness of this temporary funding measure.

The charity Breakthrough Breast Cancer, which received £24 000 (€30 000; $40 000) in 2012-13 from the drug company Roche, one of the three biggest suppliers of drugs paid for through the national fund, made the appeal on Tuesday 28 October as it launched its “Demand a fair price” campaign at its annual reception in the House of Commons. It said that women should have access to the breast cancer drugs they need, wherever they live in the UK, so a new system of drug pricing and evaluation has to be developed by …
Detection of Brain Metastasis With 68Ga-Labeled PSMA Ligand PET/CT
Authors: Partha Sarathi Chakraborty, Rajiv Kumar, Madhavi Tripathi, Chandan Jyoti Das, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Brain metastasis in prostate cancer is rare and not expected at initial presentation especially when the patient is asymptomatic for the same. A 45-year-old male patient undergoing initial evaluation for newly diagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma was referred to our department for 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy. As part of the study protocol, he also underwent Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys-(Ahx)-[Ga-68(HBED-CC)] (68Ga-PSMA) PET/CT, which revealed tracer accumulation in brain lesions, apart from localization in the primary, lymph node, and bone metastases. A subsequent MR evaluation confirmed brain metastases.
Assessment of Hyperacusis in Bell's Palsy
Authors: DONALD R. JOHNS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1986Assessment of Hyperacusis in Bell's PalsyDONALD R. JOHNS, M.D.DONALD R. JOHNS, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-973_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Bell's palsy is an acute, idiopathic, peripheral neuropathy of the facial nerve. It is the most frequently noted cranial neuropathy and commonly brings patients to physicians in many different disciplines. Although imprecise, the site of facial nerve lesions may be indicated clinically by involvement of the chorda tympani nerve (dysgeusia), stapedius branch (hyperacusis), and greater superficial petrosal nerve (impaired lacrimation) in progressively more proximal lesions (1). The clinical assessment of hyperacusis is limited, which is unfortunate because this disorder has been identified as an independent risk factor for a severe course or poor prognosis (2, 3).A...References1. ADOUR K. Diagnosis and management of facial paralysis. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:348-51. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ADOURWINGERDBELLMANNINGHURLEY KJDJJ. Prednisone treatment for idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy). N Engl J Med. 1972;287:1268-72. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ADOURBYLHILSINGERKAHNSHELDON KFRZM. The true nature of Bell's palsy: analysis of 1000 consecutive patients. Laryngoscope. 1978;88:787-801. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KIMURAGIRONYOUNG JLS. Electrophysiologic study of Bell palsy: electrically elicited blink reflex in assessment of prognosis. Arch Otolaryngol. 1976;102:140-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1986Volume 105, Issue 6Page: 973-973KeywordsFacial nerveLesionsMedical risk factorsNervesNeuropathyParalysisPeripheral neuropathy Issue Published: 1 December 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
What will the Health and Social Care Bill mean for the NHS in England?
Authors: C. Ham
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Implementation will be as important as legislation in determining its impact To summarise the contents of the Health and Social Care Bill in a BMJ editorial is akin to paraphrasing War and Peace on Twitter (box). The provisions of the original bill, already long and comprehensive, have been made even more complex after about 50 days of parliamentary debate. Some 2000 amendments have been made to the bill in response to the work of the Future Forum and the concerns of peers.1 2 #### The Health and Social Care Bill explained ##### Main legislative changes ##### Key amendments
Primary hyperparathyroidism caused by parathyroid-targeted overexpression of cyclin D1 in transgenic mice
Authors: Yasuo Imanishi, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Katsuhiko Yoshimoto, Ernestina Schipani, Sanjay Mallya, Alexandros Papanikolaou, Olga Kifor, Takehiko Tokura, Marilyn Sablosky, Felicia Ledgard, Gloria Gronowicz, Timothy C. Wang, Emmett V. Schmidt, Charles Hall, Edward M. Brown, Roderick Bronson, Andrew Arnold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The relationship between abnormal cell proliferation and aberrant control of hormonal secretion is a fundamental and poorly understood issue in endocrine cell neoplasia. Transgenic mice with parathyroid-targeted overexpression of the cyclin D1 oncogene, modeling a gene rearrangement found in human tumors, were created to determine whether a primary defect in this cell-cycle regulator can cause an abnormal relationship between serum calcium and parathyroid hormone response, as is typical of human primary hyperparathyroidism. We also sought to develop an animal model of hyperparathyroidism and to examine directly cyclin D1’s role in parathyroid tumorigenesis. Parathyroid hormone gene regulatory region–cyclin D1 (PTH–cyclin D1) mice not only developed abnormal parathyroid cell proliferation, but also developed chronic biochemical hyperparathyroidism with characteristic abnormalities in bone and, notably, a shift in the relationship between serum calcium and PTH. Thus, this animal model of human primary hyperparathyroidism provides direct experimental evidence that overexpression of the cyclin D1 oncogene can drive excessive parathyroid cell proliferation and that this proliferative defect need not occur solely as a downstream consequence of a defect in parathyroid hormone secretory control by serum calcium, as had been hypothesized. Instead, primary deregulation of cell-growth pathways can cause both the hypercellularity and abnormal control of hormonal secretion that are almost inevitably linked together in this common disorder.
Genetic Damage From Diagnostic Radiation?
Authors: Bernard E. Oppenheim
Journal: JAMA (1979)

BROSS and Natarajan<sup>1</sup>have presented the hypothesis that low-dose fetal irradiation in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 rads confines its damage to 1% of the irradiated subjects and that for this "affected" group there is a 5,000% increase in the risk of leukemia as compared with unexposed subjects. Earlier studies<sup>2-7</sup>have indicated an increased risk of leukemia of approximately 50% following such radiation, so this hypothesis would suggest that for the "affected" group the radiation is 100 times more dangerous than previously suspected. Bross and Natarajan claimed that their arguments established "clear prima facie evidence that exposure to the low levels of ionizing radiation can produce a drastically increased risk of leukemia." Using somewhat similar reasoning applied to data on adult exposures, Bross and associates constructed dosage response curves for the 1-rad range, from which they concluded that the hazards of exposure in this range are an
(11) Fibroepitheliomata of Pinkus and basal cell carcinomata
Authors: H.A. Fawcett, K.V. Sanderson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (11) Fibroepitheliomata of Pinkus and basal cell carcinomata Get access H.A. Fawcett, H.A. Fawcett St George's Hospital, London SW17 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.V. Sanderson K.V. Sanderson St George's Hospital, London SW17 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Pages 54–55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13026.x Published: 01 July 1985
Doctor who criticised understaffing at Baby P clinic sues NHS for 100 000
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A paediatrician who claims that the battered toddler Baby P might have been saved if her warnings had been heeded is suing the NHS for up to £100 000 (€120 000; $160 000).

Kim Holt is launching a stress related personal injury claim against her employers, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, alleging that managers were responsible for the depression she experienced because they failed to lighten her workload even though they were warned that it was too heavy. The action is separate from her bid to be reinstated in her job as a consultant community paediatrician.

Dr Holt and three colleagues warned in 2006 that the child development clinic at St Ann’s …
Specific killing of cytotoxic T cells and antigen-presenting cells by CD4+ cytotoxic T cell clones. A novel potentially immunoregulatory T-T cell interaction in man.
Authors: T H Ottenhoff, T Mutis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Mycobacterial antigens not only stimulate Th cells that produce macrophage-activating factors, but also CD4+ and CD8+ CTL that lyse human macrophages. The mycobacterial recombinant 65-kD hsp was previously found to be an important target antigen for polyclonal CD4+ CTL. Because of the major role of 65-kD hsp in the immune response to mycobacterial as well as autoantigens, we have studied CTL activity to this protein at the clonal level. HLA-DR or HLA-DQ restricted, CD4+CD8- T cell clones that recognize different peptides of the M. leprae 65-kD hsp strongly lysed EBV-BLCL pulsed with specific but not irrelevant peptide. No bystander lysis of B cells, T cells, or tumor cells was seen. Target cell lysis could not be triggered by PMA + Ca2+ ionophore alone and depended on active metabolism. Interestingly, these CD4+ CTL also strongly lysed themselves and other HLA-class II compatible CD4+ (TCR-alpha/beta or -gamma/delta) or CD8+ CTL clones in the presence of peptide, suggesting that CTL are not actively protected from CTL-mediated lysis. Cold target competition experiments suggested that EBV-BLCL targets were more efficiently recognized than CD4+ CTL targets. These results demonstrate that hsp65 peptide-specific HLA class II-restricted CD4+ T cell clones display strong peptide-dependent cytolytic activity towards both APCs, and, unexpectedly, CD4+ and CD8+ CTL clones, including themselves. Since, in contrast to murine T cells human T cells express class II, CTL-mediated T cell killing may represent a novel immunoregulatory pathway in man.
Community hospitals in the new NHS
Authors: R W Liddell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Doctors working in community hospitals will have been disappointed by the lukewarm tone of Sam Ramaiah's editorial.1 This tone is surprising at a time when interest in the concept of community hospitals has increased greatly, with new hospitals being built (or converted from other types of hospital) in many areas. In Scotland alone, new units have opened in Grampian and Highland and are being planned in Ayrshire and Arran and even in the City of Aberdeen.

Ramaiah seems to see these as long stay units in competition with private nursing homes. Certainly there are …
Coronary microembolization does not induce acute preconditioning against infarction in pigs?the role of adenosine
Authors: A SKYSCHALLY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

After coronary microembolization (ME) adenosine is released from ischemic areas of the microembolized myocardium. This adenosine dilates vessels in adjacent nonembolized myocardium and increases coronary blood flow. For ischemic preconditioning (IP) to protect the myocardium against infarction, an increase in the interstitial adenosine concentration (iADO) prior to the subsequent ischemia/reperfusion is necessary. We hypothesized that the adenosine release after ME is sufficient to increase iADO and protect the myocardium against infarction from subsequent ischemia/reperfusion. We have therefore compared myocardial protection by either coronary microembolization or ischemic preconditioning prior to ischemia/reperfusion.In anesthetized pigs, the left anterior descending (LAD) was cannulated and perfused from an extracorporeal circuit. In 11 pigs, sustained ischemia was induced by 85% inflow reduction for 90 min (controls). Two other groups of pigs were subjected either to IP (n = 8; 10-min ischemia/15-min reperfusion) or coronary ME (n = 9; i.c. microspheres; 42 microm Ø; 3000 x ml(-1) x min inflow) prior to sustained ischemia. Coronary venous adenosine concentration (vADO) and iADO (microdialysis) were measured. Infarct size was determined after 2-h reperfusion by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining.In pigs subjected to IP, infarct size was reduced to 2.6 +/- 1.1% (mean +/- S.E.M.) vs. 17.0 +/- 3.2% in controls. iADO was increased from 2.4 +/- 1.3 to 13.1 +/- 5.8 micromol x l(-1) during the reperfusion following IP. In pigs subjected to ME, at 10 min after ME, coronary blood flow (38.6 +/- 3.6 to 53.6 +/- 4.3 ml x min(-1)) and vADO (0.25 +/- 0.04 to 0.48 +/- 0.07 micromol x l(-1)) were increased. However, iADO (2.0 +/- 0.5 at baseline vs. 2.3 +/- 0.6 micromol x l(-1) at 10 min after ME) did not increase. Infarct size induced by sustained ischemia following ME (22.5 +/- 5.2%) was above that of controls for any given subendocardial blood flow.ME released adenosine into the vasculature and increased coronary blood flow. The failure of iADO to increase with ME possibly explains the lack of protection against infarction after ME.
Progress in Obstetrics
Authors: Benjamin Tenney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE general improvement in maternal morbidity and mortality rates during the past years is due to many factors. Prenatal care is one of the most important. In a hospital clinic that accepts all emergencies it is very impressive that a large proportion of obstetrical problems occur in the patients who have had inadequate or no prenatal care. Such cases of eclampsia as are seen today are largely from that group. Many cases of severe premature separations of the placenta occur in patients who have developed an unobserved preeclamptic toxemia. Cases of dystocia are more common in the patient in poor . . .
When I use a word . . .: Spurious words
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>ABBSTRACT</h3> <i>DYRK1A</i>-related intellectual disability (ID) is among the most frequent monogenic form of ID. We refined the description of this disorder by reporting clinical and molecular data of forty individuals with ID harboring <i>DYRK1A</i> variants. We developed a combination of tools to interpret missense variants, which remains a major challenge in human genetics: i) a specific <i>DYRK1A</i> clinical score, ii) amino acid conservation data generated from one hundred of DYRK1A sequences across different taxa, iii) <i>in vitro</i> overexpression assays to study level, cellular localization, and kinase activity of DYRK1A mutant proteins, and iv) a specific blood DNA methylation signature. This integrative approach was successful to reclassify several variants as pathogenic. However, we questioned the involvement of some others, such as p.Thr588Asn, yet reported as pathogenic, and showed it does not cause obvious phenotype in mice, emphasizing the need to take care when interpreting variants, even those occurring <i>de novo</i>.