tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Pharmacology of Drumiine
Authors: J. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1887)

liquefaction after several days.Sown in fluid broth and incubated, it rapidly forms a coherent parchment-like film, which is not easily broken up, and, even if the flask be well shaken, will yet float on the surface.Later, it develops an extraordinary deep wrinkling, which, if it be microscopically examined, is seen to be made up of a dense, felted network of bacillary filaments.Sown in test-tubes of Koch's jelly it rapidly liquefies it, but with no distinct growth-formation.The fluid thus formed is crowded with the motile bacilli, but a pellicle is not found until the liquefaction is well advanced."From these observations I conclude that the organism provisionally named by Dr. Edington the " bacillus scarlatinae," is in all proba- bility nothing more than a common septic bacillus, which in former years was considered as belonging to the group of species of Bacillus subtilis of Cohn.
Cladribine Is Effective against Cystic Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Gwenael Lorillon, Anne Bergeron, Laurence Detourmignies, Stéphane Jouneau, Benoit Wallaert, Jacques Frija, Abdellatif Tazi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)
Gallbladder Simulating Renal Fracture During Technetium-99m Glucoheptonate Evaluation for Renal Trauma
Authors: BOIANA ALEXIEVA-JACKSON, DAVID V FETTERS, RICHARD L. COLE, JEFFREY D. UPTON, JOHN H. JACKSON, JAMES R. HOLDER, RAYMOND E. STRAWN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Tc-99m glucoheptonate renal imaging was performed in a 21-year-old man referred from the emergency room after an 8-ft fall onto his right flank. He had marked tenderness over the right flank region and microhematuria. The images raised the possibility of a right kidney fracture. The repeat Tc-99m glucoheptonate renal image with follow-up intravenous administration of 1.3 µg of sincalide (Kinevac), demonstrated that the previous questionable abnormality was the patient's gallbladder.
Fatal Embolism Following Abortion and Surgery
Authors: Ernest S. Redfield
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The following report is made to warn against elective surgery too soon after abortion.  Report of a Case.—  A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for cholecystectomy. There had been episodes in the previous several months of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, especially after eating fatty foods. A cholecystogram showed no sign of gall bladder function. There had been no previous significant illnesses except for two abortions for unwanted pregnancies. These had been done in another state, the last a few weeks prior to this admission.  Physical examination showed a somewhat obese but well-developed white woman of the stated aged. No other abnormalities were found and results of routine preoperative laboratory studies were within normal limits.  Two days after admission cholecystectomy and appendectomy were done. Slight lymphoid hyperplasia of the appendix accompanied fibrous obliteration of the lumen in the tip. The gall bladder was swollen and
Chromosome Changes Caused by 6-Azauridine During Treatment of Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia
Authors: M. W. Elves, A. S. Buttoo, M. C. G. Israels, J. F. Wilkison
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Changes produced in chromosomes in human tissue cultures have been described following the use of x-irradiation and radio-drugs (Puck et al, 1957), after therapeutic irradiation (Tough et al, I960), radioiodine (Boyd et al, 1961), and mustine hydrochloride (nitrogen mustard) (Conen and Lansky, 1961). During the treatment of patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia with 6-azauridine (6-AzUR) we were able to make serial observations of gross chromosome changes.
Examination of a Case of Suspected McArdle's Syndrome by<sup>31</sup>P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Brian D. Ross, George K. Radda, David G. Gadian, Graeme Rocker, Margaret Esiri, James Falconer-Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

McARDLE'S syndrome,1 an inborn error of metabolism caused by a lack of glycogen phosphorylase activity in skeletal muscle, is a recessive condition of some rarity.2 Nevertheless, it poses a constant problem in the differential diagnosis of all forms of muscular disorder. Patients usually present with this condition after a long history of inability to sustain exercise; the diagnosis is suggested by the demonstration that ischemic exercise (the forearm-exercise test2) fails to generate lactic acid, and it is confirmed after open-muscle biopsy by the histochemical demonstration of excess glycogen and absent phosphorylase. A conclusive diagnosis and further clarification of various . . .
Clinical Diagnosis of Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: THOMAS Q. KONG, ROBERT E. KELLUM, JOHN R. HASERICK
Journal: Circulation (1962)

A review was made of the case histories and autopsy reports of 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had clinical cardiovascular involvement. The presence of an enlarged heart or of gallop rhythm strongly suggests myocardial involvement, but the electrocardiogram is not specific. Signs and symptoms referable to the heart are unusual as a first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, and in patients receiving suppressive chemotherapy they do not further worsen the prognosis. Systolic murmurs cannot be interpreted as conclusive evidence of Libman-Sacks valvulitis.
1126 Use of vector analysis of liver function tests to detect an early signal of hepatotoxicity of a drug in early clinical trials
Authors: D TROST, J FRESTON
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

An adaptation of the HPLC method previously described for the simultaneous assay of amprenavir, ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir and efavirenz after solid-phase extraction is proposed here for the separate analysis of the newer PI lopinavir (LPV) and the NNRTI nevirapine (NVP). After viral inactivation by heat (60 °C for 60 min), plasma (600 μl), with clozapine added as internal standard, is diluted 1+1 with phosphate buffer pH 7 and subjected to a solid-phase extraction on a C18 cartridge. Matrix components are eliminated with 2×500 μl of a solution of 0.1% H3PO4 neutralised with NaOH to pH 7. LPV and NVP are eluted with 3×500 μl MeOH. The resulting eluate is evaporated under nitrogen at room temperature and is reconstituted in 100 μl MeOH 50%. A 40-μl volume is injected onto a Nucleosil 100, 5 μm C18 AB column. LPV and NVP are analysed separately using a gradient elution program with solvents constituted of MeCN and phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 5.07 and containing 0.02% sodium heptanesulfonate. LPV and NVP are detected by UV at 201 and 282 nm, respectively. The calibration curves are linear up to 10 μg/ml. The mean absolute recovery of LPV and NVP is 91% and 88%, respectively. The method is precise with mean inter-day C.V.s within 2.1–6.6% and 0.9–1.7% for LPV and NVP, and accurate (range of inter-day deviations −1.1 to +2.4%, and −1.9 to +0.8%, for LPV and NVP, respectively). The method has been validated and is currently applied to the monitoring of LPV and NVP in HIV patients, and has been notably applied in a study aimed at assessing the extent of transplacental passage of nevirapine and PIs, notably lopinavir, at the time of delivery in pregnant HIV-infected women.
In adults with acute ICH, intensive BP management did not reduce death or major disability
Authors: Rick Frieden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal ClubOctober 15, 2013In adults with acute ICH, intensive BP management did not reduce death or major disabilityRick Frieden, MDRick Frieden, MDLakeland Regional Health System, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA (R.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationAnderson CS, Heeley E, Huang Y, et al; INTERACT2 Investigators. Rapid blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:2355-65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23713578Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Neurology: Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lakeland Regional Health System, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA (R.F.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics October 15, 2013Volume 159, Issue 8Page: JC6KeywordsBlood pressureBrainComaConsciousnessFearHemorrhageHypertensionIncontinenceNeurologyNitratesStatistical distributionsStrokeSurgery Issue Published: October 15, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Burden of Infection and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Middle-Aged Men
Authors: J.-M. Fernandez-Real
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We hypothesized that burden of infection could be associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, resulting in insulin resistance. We aimed to study the effect of exposure to four infections on insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy middle-aged men (n = 124).By inclusion criteria, all subjects were hepatitis C virus antibody seronegative. Each study subject's serum was tested for specific IgG class antibodies against herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, enteroviruses, and Chlamydia pneumoniae through the use of quantitative in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using minimal model analysis.The HSV-2 titer was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity even after controlling for BMI, age, and C-reactive protein (CRP). The associations were stronger when considering the infection burden. In particular, in those subjects who were seropositive for C. pneumoniae, the relationship between the quantitative seropositivity index (a measure of the exposure to various pathogens) and insulin sensitivity was strengthened (r = -0.50, P < 0.0001). We also observed decreasing mean insulin sensitivity index with increasing seropositivity score in subjects positive for enteroviruses. In the latter, the relationship between insulin sensitivity and seropositivity was especially significant (r = -0.71, P < 0.0001). In a multivariate regression analysis, both BMI and quantitative seropositivity index (7%) independently predicted insulin sensitivity variance in subjects with C. pneumoniae seropositivity. When controlling for CRP, this association was no longer significant.Pathogen burden showed the strongest association with insulin resistance, especially with enteroviruses and C. pneumoniae seropositivity. We hypothesize that exposure to multiple pathogens could cause a chronic low-grade inflammation, resulting in insulin resistance.
Prioritization of Research Addressing Management Strategies for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Jennifer M. Gierisch, Evan R. Myers, Kristine M. Schmit, Matthew J. Crowley, Douglas C. McCrory, Ranee Chatterjee, Remy R. Coeytaux, Amy Kendrick, Gillian D. Sanders
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Ductal carcinoma in situ is a common finding in women having mammography screening, and there is considerable uncertainty about the balance of harms and benefits of different management options. This article outlines the process for developing a prioritized research agenda for the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute as informed by a diverse group of stakeholders on the management of ductal carcinoma in situ. Evidence gaps were identified by reviewing existing literature and engaging diverse stakeholders to refine these gaps. Stakeholders ranked evidence gaps by importance from their perspectives using a forced-ranking prioritization method. PubMed was searched for relevant recent studies, and ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for relevant ongoing trials for the 10 highest-ranked evidence gaps. Strengths and limitations of different study designs were assessed to address gaps. Stakeholders prioritized evidence gaps related to incorporation of patient-centered outcomes into future research, development of better methods to predict risk for invasive cancer, evaluation of a strategy of active surveillance, and testing of decision-making tools. The degree to which prioritized evidence gaps may have already been addressed is uncertain because a comprehensive systematic review has not been done.
Critical-size calvarial bone defects healing in a mouse model with silk scaffolds and SATB2-modified iPSCs
Authors: Jin-Hai Ye, Yuan-Jin Xu, Jun Gao, Shi-Guo Yan, Jun Zhao, Qisheng Tu, Jin Zhang, Xue-Jing Duan, Cesar A. Sommer, Gustavo Mostoslavsky, David L. Kaplan, Yu-Nong Wu, Chen-Ping Zhang, Lin Wang, Jake Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Effects of Bezafibrate Treatment in a Patient and a Carrier With Mutations in the <i>PNPLA2</i> Gene, Causing Neutral Lipid Storage Disease With Myopathy
Authors: Tineke van de Weijer, Bas Havekes, Lena Bilet, Joris Hoeks, Lauren Sparks, Madeleen Bosma, Sabina Paglialunga, Johanna Jorgensen, Mirian C.H. Janssen, Gert Schaart, Hans Sauerwein, Joep L. Smeets, Joachim Wildberger, Rudolf Zechner, Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, Matthijs K.C. Hesselink, Patrick Schrauwen
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)
Peginterferon with or without ribavirin has minimal effect on quality of life, behavioral/emotional, and cognitive outcomes in children
Authors: James R. Rodrigue, William Balistreri, Barbara Haber, Maureen M. Jonas, Parvathi Mohan, Jean P. Molleston, Karen F. Murray, Michael R. Narkewicz, Philip Rosenthal, Lesley J. Smith, Steven J. Lobritto, Kathleen B. Schwarz, Patricia R. Robuck, Bruce Barton, Regino P. González-Peralta
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the quality of life (QOL), behavioral/emotional functioning, and cognitive status of children undergoing treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In all, 114 children (5 to 18 years old) enrolled in a multisite randomized clinical trial (Peds-C) to evaluate peginterferon alpha 2a (PEG 2a) with ribavirin (RV) or with placebo (PL) completed several standardized measures prior to treatment and at 24 weeks, 48 weeks, 6 months following treatment, and at two annual follow-up visits. After 24 weeks of treatment, mean physical QOL scores declined significantly for both groups from baseline to 24 weeks of treatment ( F = 5.8, P = 0.004), although scores remained in the average range. There were no significant time or group effects for behavioral/emotional or cognitive functioning. Three children (5%) in the PEG 2a + RV group and no children in the PEG 2a + PL group had a clinically significant increase in depression symptoms. For those children who received 48 weeks of treatment, there were no significant time or group effects on any of the outcome measures ( P &gt; 0.05). A majority of children in both the PEG 2a + RV and PEG 2a + PL groups experienced no clinically significant change in physical QOL, behavioral adjustment, depression, or cognitive functioning during or after treatment. Conclusion : Overall QOL and psychosocial functioning are not deleteriously impacted by PEG 2a + RV or PL treatment of children with HCV. (Hepatology 2011;)
Increased epithelial and serum expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in gastric cancer: potential role of MIF in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Xing-Xiang He, Jun Yang, Yuan-Wei Ding, Wei Liu, Qing-Yan Shen, Harry H-X Xia
Journal: Gut (2006)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is implicated in tumorigenesis. This study was conducted to determine whether MIF expression is associated with gastric pathology and whether MIF expression is increased in malignant gastric cells in vitro.Patients with a normal gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori infected gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric adenocarcinoma were included. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine MIF expression in gastric epithelial cells and MIF levels in serum, respectively. Five gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, MKN-45, MKN-28, MGC-803, and SGC-7901) and one non-malignant gastric cell line (GES-1) were cultured for 24 hours. MIF protein in the supernatant and MIF mRNA in cultured cells were measured by ELISA and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively.The percentage of MIF expressing epithelial cells was low in normal mucosa (12%) but substantially higher in gastritis (52%), intestinal metaplasia (66%), and gastric cancer (96%) (p<0.001, ANOVA). Serum MIF levels were low in patients with a normal mucosa (576 (82) pg/ml) but higher in patients with gastritis (2100 (349) pg/ml), intestinal metaplasia (4498 (253) pg/ml), and gastric cancer (9737 (1249) pg/ml) (p<0.001, ANOVA). There was a correlation between epithelial MIF expression and serum MIF levels (r = 0.776, p<0.001). In vitro, expression of MIF protein and mRNA was increased in malignant cells compared with non-malignant cells.Epithelial and serum MIF expression was progressively increased in H pylori induced gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer, suggesting that MIF is involved in gastric carcinogenesis and may be a valuable biomarker for the early detection of gastric cancer.
Abstract A70: Oncogenic potential of multiple splicing isoforms of the prostate-cancer specific TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion product
Authors: Francesca Zammarchi, George Boutsalis, William Gerald, Luca Cartegni
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Genetic rearrangements are key events in cancer development, as seen by the recurrent chromosomal translocations characteristic of some hematological and mesenchymal tumors. It has been recently reported, however, that a majority of prostate cancer tumors appear to carry specific translocation, in which a transcription factor of the ETS (E26 transformation-specific) family (namely ERG, ETV1, ETV4, ETV5) is expressed under the control of TMPRSS2, a prostate-specific, androgen-dependent protease. In particular, the fusion of TMPRSS2 exon 1 to ERG exon 4 has been observed in approximately 50% of human prostate cases, suggesting a causative role in PC development, but its specific functions remain unclear. This is further complicated by the presence of ERG splicing variants, and by the use of alternative promoters or polyadenylation sites in both the normal and fusion contexts, which could generate over 50 different isoforms. Interestingly, the presence of specific isoforms seems to correlate with tumor aggressiveness. ERG is already known to be involved in oncogenic fusion, such as EWS-ERG fusion in Ewing sarcoma, which activates targets involved in proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, suggesting that the androgen-dependent over-expression of ERG following the TMPRSS2 fusion could be a driving mechanism of prostate carcinogenesis. We have identified multiple novel splicing isoforms of both the wild-type ERG gene and the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene in prostate tumors and we are currently investigating their respective biological roles and mechanism of action in order to determine their function and oncogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A70.
Alkylating agents induce histone H3K18 hyperacetylation and potentiate HDAC inhibitor-mediated global histone acetylation and cytotoxicity in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: N Hiraoka, J Kikuchi, D Koyama, T Wada, S Mori, Y Nakamura, Y Furukawa
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Alkylating agents induce histone H3K18 hyperacetylation and potentiate HDAC inhibitor-mediated global histone acetylation and cytotoxicity in mantle cell lymphoma
Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: Regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation
Authors: Ulrich M. Zanger, Matthias Schwab
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013)

Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a major source of variability in drug pharmacokinetics and response. Of 57 putatively functional human CYPs only about a dozen enzymes, belonging to the CYP1, 2, and 3 families, are responsible for the biotransformation of most foreign substances including 70–80% of all drugs in clinical use. The highest expressed forms in liver are CYPs 3A4, 2C9, 2C8, 2E1, and 1A2, while 2A6, 2D6, 2B6, 2C19 and 3A5 are less abundant and CYPs 2J2, 1A1, and 1B1 are mainly expressed extrahepatically. Expression of each CYP is influenced by a unique combination of mechanisms and factors including genetic polymorphisms, induction by xenobiotics, regulation by cytokines, hormones and during disease states, as well as sex, age, and others. Multiallelic genetic polymorphisms, which strongly depend on ethnicity, play a major role for the function of CYPs 2D6, 2C19, 2C9, 2B6, 3A5 and 2A6, and lead to distinct pharmacogenetic phenotypes termed as poor, intermediate, extensive, and ultrarapid metabolizers. For these CYPs, the evidence for clinical significance regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug efficacy and dose requirement is rapidly growing. Polymorphisms in CYPs 1A1, 1A2, 2C8, 2E1, 2J2, and 3A4 are generally less predictive, but new data on CYP3A4 show that predictive variants exist and that additional variants in regulatory genes or in NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) can have an influence. Here we review the recent progress on drug metabolism activity profiles, interindividual variability and regulation of expression, and the functional and clinical impact of genetic variation in drug metabolizing P450s.
Mental health law to be tightened
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Wide ranging changes in the mental health policy for England, including a review of the Mental Health Act, to give new powers of compulsion over patients who do not comply with their treatment, were foreshadowed last week by the health secretary, Frank Dobson.

Admitting that care in the community had failed the most vulnerable people, Mr Dobson launched a programme with the twin objectives of changing both the practice and the law relating to mental illness. It will begin in the autumn and take several years to implement. Substantial extra funding is …