tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric and Medical Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Women
Authors: Amanda J. Gruber, Harrison G. Pope Jr.
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background: &lt;/i&gt;Although numerous studies have documented the psychiatric and physiological effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) in males, virtually no studies have investigated the effects of illicit AAS use in women. &lt;i&gt;Methods: &lt;/i&gt;We performed psychiatric and medical evaluations of 75 dedicated women athletes, recruited by advertisement primarily from gymnasiums in the Boston, Mass., area. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Twenty-five (33%) of the women reported current or past AAS use. Users were more muscular than nonusers and reported use of many other ‘ergogenic’ (performance-enhancing) drugs in addition to AAS. Some described a frank syndrome of ergogenic polysubstance dependence, often with significant morbidity. Fourteen (56%) of the users reported hypomanic symptoms during AAS use and 10 (40%) reported depressive symptoms during AAS withdrawal, but none met full DSM-IV criteria for a hypomanic or major depressive episode. Nineteen (76%) users reported at least one adverse medical effect associated with AAS use. Perhaps the most interesting findings were several unusual psychiatric syndromes reported by both the AAS users and nonusers. These included rigid dietary practices (which we have termed ‘eating disorder, bodybuilder type’), nontraditional gender roles and chronic dissatisfaction and preoccupation with their physiques (a syndrome which we have termed ‘muscle dysmorphia’). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Dedicated women athletes exhibit not only AAS abuse, but use of many other ergogenic drugs, sometimes associated with significant morbidity. In addition, these athletes frequently display several psychiatric syndromes which have not previously been well described.
Injuries in Eleven Selected Sports
Authors: Doris Weightman, R. C. Browne
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1975)

All the clubs for 10 sports in the four northern counties were surveyed for injuries for a whole playing season and a 50% sample of the badminton clubs were surveyed in the same way. After the two types of football, hockey comes third in the injury league with women getting injured mostly in the legs, but men in the upper part of the body. Protective padding for hockey players' legs is suggested. Finger injuries and occasional concussion are characteristics of cricket and sprains and strains of badminton. The severity rate in fencing was low with an occasional superficial cut. Cycling was safe, but when an accident did happen it usually produced multiple abrasions as can be readily understood by anyone who has fallen off a bicycle. Boxing and judo did not produce many injuries, but when they did, they were severe, and needed a relatively long time (on average 3 weeks) off sport. But, paradoxically the medical attention which they attracted was better than that attracted by the minor injuries of the other sports. Rowing and swimming were both very safe sports, notwithstanding the potentially hazardous nature of water. The injuries in sub-aquatic activities seemed to depend upon the club rather than upon the sport itself, which suggests that rather more careful supervision may sometimes be necessary. The range of injury produced by sport is so wide—from a bruise to a brain injury—that it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the hospital accident room is the right place to receive the injured player in the first instance. From here he can, if necessary, be routed to another department for more specialized treatment. Introducing more first aid training into sport, at, perhaps, the level of club officials, players themselves, and in addition, regular supporters will be the most useful steps which can be taken in the management of sports injuries.
A Program to Recruit and Educate Medical Students to Practice Family Medicine in Underserved Areas
Authors: Howard K. Rabinowitz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In an attempt to address the problem of physician maldistribution, Jefferson Medical College initiated the Physician Shortage Area Program (PSAP) in 1974, a special admissions program that preferentially selects applicants who intend to practice family medicine in physician shortage areas in Pennsylvania. Forty-seven students in four classes have been graduated from the program. Evaluation of these students during medical school shows that their academic performance has been similar to their classmates. Follow-up evaluation indicates that PSAP graduates are five times as likely as their peers (non-PSAP) to enter a family medicine residency program during the first postgraduate year (62% v 12%), and almost twice as likely to enter family medicine as a comparable group of non-PSAP students who originally entered Jefferson with plans of becoming a family physician (62% v 33%).
What affects patient outcomes? A retrospective cross-country analysis of facility performance in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Herbert Duber, Jane Achan, Roy Burstein, Ruben Conner, Emily Dansereau, Brendan DeCenso, Anne Gasasira, Annie Haakenstad, Michael Hanlon, Gloria Ikilezi, Caroline Kisia, Santosh Kumar, Felix Masiye, Samuel Masters, Kelsey Moore, Chrispin Mphuka, Pamela Njuguna, Emelda Okiro, Thomas Odeny, Emmanuela Gakidou
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Ocular adnexal lymphoma and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> gastric infection
Authors: Didier Decaudin, Agnès Ferroni, Anne Vincent‐Salomon, Kheira Beldjord, Pierre Validire, Patricia de Cremoux, Patricia Validire, Corine Plancher, Claire Mathiot, Elizabeth Macintyre, Bernard Asselain, Jacques Girodet, Frédéric Mal, Nicole Brousse, Jean‐Luc Beretti, Rémi Dendale, Livia Lumbroso‐Le Rouic, Olivier Hermine, Marc Lecuit
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

There is a causal association between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) gastric infection and the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. In contrast, the link between Hp gastric infection and the development of extragastric lymphoma has not been thoroughly investigated. We, therefore, studied the prevalence of gastric Hp infection at initial diagnosis of ophthalmologic and nonophthalmologic extragastric lymphoma patients. Three cohorts of patients were studied: a first one of 83 patients with OAL, a second one of 101 patients with extraophthalmologic extragastric lymphoma, and a third one of 156 control individuals (control) without malignant lymphoma. Gastric Hp infection was investigated by histopathological analysis and Hp-specific PCR assay on gastric biopsy tissue samples. We found gastric Hp infection in 37 OAL patients (45%), in 25 extraophthalmologic extragastric lymphoma cases (25%), and in 18 controls individuals (12%) (P < 0.0001 OAL/C and P < 0.01 OAL/extra-OAL cases). Gastritis was found in 51% and 9% of Hp-positive and Hp-negative lymphoma patients, respectively (P < 10(-4)). Gastric Hp infection only correlated with MALT/LPL lymphoma (P = 0.03). There is a significant association between gastric Hp infection and MALT/LPL OAL. This suggests a novel mechanism of indirect infection-associated lymphomagenesis whereby chronic local antigen stimulation would lead to the emergence of ectopic B-cell lymphoma.
Liver regeneration in relationship to acute liver failure.
Authors: C D Gove, R D Hughes
Journal: Gut (1991)

In liver disease liver cell growth and repair are central processes in the recovery of normal structure and function.In acute liver failure where greater than 80% of the liver cell mass is destroyed by drugs or viruses' complete regeneration ofa normal liver occurs in surviving patients.In contrast the insidious cell loss found in chronic viral, alcoholic, and autoimmune disease is frequently not balanced by adequate cell replacement and coupled with a disruption of the hepatic architecture eventually leads to death from liver insufficiency.In spite of a vast literature on liver regeneration and hepatotrophic factors a clear understanding of how hepatic growth is controlled has not emerged.The majority of in vivo studies have focused on the partially hepatectomised rat where liver regeneration is initiated within a few hours of surgery, with rapid cell division over the first four days, and liver size restored within two to three weeks.2Less information is available in man but recovery is generally uncomplicated when resection is carried out in a previously healthy liver either to control bleeding after trauma or for a localised tumour.3Evidence from serial liver scans, liver biopsies and repeated laparotomy indicates that regeneration is initiated within three days and complete after about six months.
Significance of Mild Transient Release of Creatine Kinase–MB Fraction After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Alaa E. Abdelmeguid, Eric J. Topol, Patrick L. Whitlow, Shelly K. Sapp, Stephen G. Ellis
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The clinical significance of minor elevations in creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme (CK-MB) after coronary interventions has not been systematically evaluated.We examined 4484 patients who underwent successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or directional coronary atherectomy and whose peak CK levels did not exceed twice the upper limit of laboratory normal. Group 1 (3776 patients) had no CK or MB elevation after the procedure (ie, CK < or = 180 IU/L, with MB fraction < or = 4%). Group 2 (450 patients) had a peak CK level between 100 and 180 IU/L, with MB fraction > 4%, and group 3 (258 patients) had a peak CK level between 181 and 360 IU/L, with MB fraction > 4%. The strongest correlate of postprocedure CK-MB elevation was the performance of directional coronary atherectomy (odds ratio, 4.1; P < .0001), followed by the development of > or = 1 in-1ab minor procedural complication (odds ratio, 2.6; P < .0001). Clinical follow-up was available in 4461 patients (99.5%), with a mean duration of 36 +/- 22 months. Survival analysis, adjusted with Cox proportional hazards regression model, showed that the groups with elevated CK-MB had a significantly higher incidence of cardiac death (risk ratio, 1.3; P = .04) and myocardial infarction (risk ratio, 1.3; P = .03). Major ischemic complications (death, myocardial infarction, and coronary revascularization) occurred more frequently in the groups with increased CK-MB (groups 1 versus 2 versus 3, 37.3% versus 43.3% versus 48.9%; P = .01).This study shows that minor elevations of CK-MB after successful coronary interventions identify a population with a worse long-term prognosis compared with patients with no enzyme elevations and appear to have an adverse effect on long-term prognosis. Future studies of percutaneous coronary revascularization should include routine measurements of biochemical cardiac markers as important predictors of long-term prognosis.
Initial Treatment of Patients with Extensive Trauma
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Donald Trunkey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

PATIENTS with life-threatening injuries make up approximately 10 to 15 percent of all patients hospitalized because of injuries.1 Some authors have defined patients with extensive trauma as those with injury severity scores (ISSs) higher than 15 (for an explanation of the ISS see the Appendix).2 3 4 That is an acceptable definition for purposes of triage, but in this discussion I shall define extensive trauma as indicated by an ISS above 25. Most patients in this category have multisystem trauma. Deforming and destructive injuries can be obvious, but the surgeon or physician who initially treats the patient must promptly conduct a systematic . . .
Penetrating Wounds of the Chest
Authors: Carroll A. Peabody
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The records of 300 patients with penetrating wounds of the chest were studied. Asymptomatic patients may have unsuspected gross findings requiring immediate intervention; minimal amounts of air or fluid may be overlooked if meticulous details of technique are not observed; assumption that a penetrating wound necessarily causes pneumothorax or hemothorax may even lead to unnecessary surgery if x-ray examination is not carried out. If as the result of hemorrhage or pneumothorax the patient is in critical condition when first seen, emergency surgical intervention cannot be deferred for an initial x-ray examination. The role of radiology in such cases is to check on the effectiveness of treatment and anticipate the possible complications.
Hepatic innervation in hepatic regeneration
Authors: Jennifer L. Cruise
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The autonomic nervous system in rats has been assessed by means of indirect immunofluorescence using monospecific antibodies to neuron-specific enolase, neurofilaments, glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein [10 days after partial (70%) hepatectomy]. Different groups of rats were studied: All rats of groups A and D showed normal liver/body weight ratios after 10 days in contrast to groups B and C where liver weights were 50-60% of the preresection weight. In group A the regeneration process was histologically normal and associated with a remarkable increase of autonomic innervation patterns in the portal triad. In contrast, livers of animals in groups B and C showed under the light microscope features of hepatocyte degeneration associated with a decreased autonomic innervation compared to the controls. The changes are identical in groups B and C, and are therefore irrespective of the type of blood deprivation (arterial or portal). These results support the importance of dual blood supply for an optimal regenerative response in liver remnants after liver resection. We suggest that the autonomic nerve supply of the portal triad plays at least an important permissive role in liver regeneration.
Meningitis becomes resistant to drugs
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

An organism that causes meningitis is becoming resistant to the drug that is most often used to treat the disease in developing countries.

Scientists at the Pasteur Institute in Paris have reported that drug resistant strains of type B Neisseria meningitidis , the most frequent cause of meningitis, were found in 11 patients in Vietnam and one patient in France between 1987 and 1996 ( New England Journal of Medicine 1998;339:868-74).

N …
Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia: clinical characterization, therapy, and the QT interval.
Authors: P T Nguyen, M M Scheinman, J Seger
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Forty-five consecutive patients with polymorphous ventricular tachycardia (PVT) were studied. The arrhythmia proved to be of a drug-related cause in 27 and due to an electrolyte disorder in four patients. Coexistent cardiac diseases without metabolic or drug-related abnormalities included ischemic heart disease in three, cardiomyopathy in three, and mitral valve prolapse in two. PVT was exercise-induced in four and associated with bradyarrhythmias in two. A prolonged QT or corrected QT interval was inconsistently related to the occurrence of PVT. In patients in whom PVT was induced by certain type I drugs, other type I antiarrhythmic drugs were usually either ineffective or resulted in aggravation of arrhythmia. For the group as a whole, treatment with lidocaine resulted in inconsistent beneficial effects, while cardiac pacing was almost universally effective for those with drug-induced PVT, regardless of the length of the QT interval. Long-term amiodarone therapy proved safe and effective for 12 of the 24 patients with drug-induced PVT who required long-term therapy for their original arrhythmia. We conclude that identification of PVT is the key clinical issue and that the QT interval is not necessarily the prime abnormality nor the variable to be considered in predicting success of therapy. Temporary cardiac pacing appears to be very effective in the short-term management of these patients. Use of type I antiarrhythmic agents in patients with drug-induced PVT generally resulted in aggravation of arrhythmia. In contrast, long-term amiodarone therapy for control of the original arrhythmia appears to be a promising approach for those with PVT associated with type I agents.
Points from Letters: Acknowledgement for Help
Authors: M. H. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1971)

gases, lactate metabolism, and acid-base balance during and after exercise, and some of the results are to be published shortly.Basically we found that none of these factors could explain the origin of exercise-induced asthma or the difference with different forms of exercise.Likewise, we have studied lung volumes and mechanical properties and found that they reflect rather than cause the asthma.Finally, we would like to repeat our earlier suggestion that the mechanism of exercise-induced asthma and the difference between the severe constriction due to running compared with the virtual absence during swimming may reflect neuro- muscular differences in the types of exercise.
Azathioprine Withdrawal in Patients With Crohn's Disease Maintained on Prolonged Remission: A High Risk of Relapse
Authors: Xavier Treton, Yoram Bouhnik, Jean–Yves Mary, Jean–Frédéric Colombel, Bernard Duclos, Jean–Claude Soule, Eric Lerebours, Jacques Cosnes, Marc Lemann
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
The Battle of Bethesda
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

We do not know whether President Ford is contemplating a grace period for the surrender of all stilettos in the executive suites of the government's biomedical establishment, but the soaring casualty rate of recent years suggests that such a move would be a prudent and humanitarian move.For those who tuned in late, let us recall that after Nixon's re-election, the then-director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Robert Q. Marston, indulged in the pro forma courtesy of submitting a resignation, which he reasonably expected to be ignored. Though a Johnson holdover, Marston based his confidence on a tradition . . .
Intestinal glutamine and ammonia metabolism during chronic hyperammonaemia induced by liver insufficiency.
Authors: C H Dejong, N E Deutz, P B Soeters
Journal: Gut (1993)

During liver insufficiency, besides portasystemic shunting, high arterial glutamine concentrations could enhance intestinal glutamine consumption and ammonia generation, thereby aggravating hyperammonaemia. To investigate this hypothesis, portal drained viscera (intestines) fluxes and jejunal tissue concentrations of ammonia and glutamine were measured in portacaval shunted rats with a ligated bile duct, portacaval shunted, and sham operated rats, seven and 14 days after surgery, and in normal unoperated controls. Effects of differences in food intake were minimised by pair feeding portacaval shunted and sham operated with portacaval shunted rats with biliary obstruction. At both time points, arterial ammonia was increased in the groups with liver insufficiency. Also, arterial glutamine concentration was raised in all operated groups compared with normal unoperated controls. At both time points, ammonia production by portal drained viscera was reduced in portacaval shunted rats with biliary obstruction, portacaval shunted, and sham operated rats compared with normal unoperated controls, and no major differences were found between these operated groups. At day 7 in all operated groups glutamine uptake by portal drained viscera was lower than in normal unoperated controls, but no major differences were found at day 14. These experiments show that ammonia generation by portal drained viscera remains unchanged in rats with chronic liver insufficiency despite alterations in arterial glutamine concentrations and intestinal glutamine uptake. The hyperammonaemia seems to be mainly determined by the portasystemic shunting.
The Safety of New Medicines
Authors: Alastair J. J. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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Demonstration of the Typhoid Bacillus in Suspected Drinking Water by Parietti's Method
Authors: E. J. McWeeney
Journal: BMJ (1894)

THE TYPIIOID BACILLUS IN DRINKING WATkER.rIc.LJOUA 961 lished after removal of the plugging stone was remarkable.Tthe absence of general symptomns is the usual course of events ill the early days of meelhanical suppression of thie renal function.Cases lhave been reported that iave lived for sixteen or twventy-two days before a fatal end.Thie synm- ptomf' described in tlese cases are conitraction of the pupils, sleeplessness, and muscular twitcling, none of whlichl were observed in my case.It is (luite possible that the impaction of a stone in the ureter of one' side may cause reflex inhlibition of secretion in the othier kidney, and cases wlichl seem to bear out this view lhave been nioticed.Another point of note is that notwitlhstanding the fairly active life of my patient, the mass of stone in the left kidney caused no irritation or suppurationg.An important question in such cases is, How long must operative treatment be delayed on the clhance of permitting thle stone to pass? 1 remember the late Dr. Moxon, in a ,clinical lecture on this subject, relating a case in wlhich after fourteen days a calculus passed, and the urinary secretion became re-establislhed; at the same time he threw out a hiint that surgical proceedings might one day be taken for such a
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SULFAPYRIDINE, NICOTINIC ACID, AND COENZYMES TO THE GROWTH OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Randolph West, Alvin F. Coburn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

Our studies indicate that sulfapyridine modifies the normal metabolism of a bacterium. Coenzymes inhibit the effect of sulfapyridine on the growth of staphylococcus in Knight's medium. Nicotinic acid does not interfere with the action of sulfapyridine under the same conditions. The possible relation of sulfapyridine, nicotinic acid, and coenzymes in relation to bacterial growth is discussed.