tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1927: Race, health conditions, and endometrial cancer survival
Authors: Sara H. Olson, Coral L. Atoria, Michele L. Cote, Linda S. Cook, Radhai M. Rastogi, Robert Soslow, Carol L. Brown, Elena Elkin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Endometrial cancer shows the largest disparity in outcomes between black and white cases of any cancer in the US. Black women have higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, conditions that might be associated with poorer survival. Our objectives were to determine whether the presence of diabetes or hypertension was related to disease-specific survival and to investigate whether accounting for these conditions influenced the survival difference for the two racial groups. Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry data linked with Medicare claims, we identified women with diabetes (as defined by Hebert et al, Univ of Minn Rural Health Research Center Working Paper 22, March 1998) and hypertension (defined as 2 claims at least 30 days apart for ICD9 codes 401-404) and investigated the influence of these conditions on survival in black and white women age &amp;gt;=66 diagnosed with endometrial cancer between 2000 and 2005. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment, to evaluate whether presence of diabetes or hypertension influenced disease-specific survival and whether adjustment for these factors influenced the difference in outcome between blacks and whites. Results: 22% of whites and 41% of blacks with endometrial cancer met the criteria for diabetes and 52% and 73%, respectively, met the criteria for hypertension. Having diabetes was associated with poorer endometrial cancer specific survival in whites (HR=1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.35) but not in blacks (HR=0.97, 95% CI 0.73-1.30), after adjustment for variables related to demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment. Presence of hypertension did not significantly influence survival in either group. As expected, both overall survival and endometrial cancer specific survival were poorer in black women compared to whites, with adjusted hazard ratios for blacks of 1.19 (95% CI 1.08-1.31) for overall survival and 1.30 (95% CI 1.11-1.52) for disease-specific survival. Very little influence was found for diabetes or hypertension for either overall or disease specific survival: after adjustment for these variables the hazard ratios were 1.16 (95% CI 1.05-1.28) for overall survival and 1.27 (95% CI 1.08-1.49) for disease-specific survival. Conclusions: Diabetes influences disease-specific survival only in white women, while hypertension is not associated with disease-specific survival. The racial disparity in survival after a diagnosis of endometrial cancer is not explained by the presence of diabetes or hypertension. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1927. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1927
US screening programme shows high prevalence of aortic aneurysm
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Around 25% of participants in a US national screening programme for vascular disease are at risk of having a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, indicates a four year analysis.

The screening programme, known as “Legs for Life,” was set up in 1997 for adults at risk of peripheral vascular disease. It was developed by the US Society …
SFRP1 regulates the growth of retinal ganglion cell axons through the Fz2 receptor
Authors: Josana Rodriguez, Pilar Esteve, Christine Weinl, José María Ruiz, Yasmín Fermin, Françoise Trousse, Asha Dwivedy, Christine Holt, Paola Bovolenta
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2005)
PREGNANCY AND LABOR COMPLICATED BY ANTERIOR FIXATION OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: G. M. BOYD
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In 1886, ventrofixation was welcomed. We felt that at last a positive means for curing the retroverted uterus had been found. The early operations surely accomplished the purpose sought for. The uterus was firmly fixed to the anterior abdominal wall by sutures; in some cases, in addition to this, extensive scarifications produced strong fibrous adhesions. The results of these operations were most gratifying. The symptoms complained of disappeared rapidly. All went well until we began to hear of complications developing during pregnancy and labor, complications causing so much obstruction by the firm and thickened anterior wall of the uterus that at times the most serious operations in obstetrics were demanded in order to accomplish the delivery. With the news of these complications, cases that only time could produce, we now find the various operators modifying the procedure, some using a single stitch to fix the uterus, others removing all sutures
Diethylnitrosamine causes pituitary damage, disturbs hormone levels, and reduces sexual dimorphism of certain liver functions in the rat.
Authors: D J Liao, A Blanck, P Eneroth, J A Gustafsson, I P Hällström
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The acute toxicity of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to the liver has been well documented in the literature, but whether DEN also affects the endocrine parameters has been addressed in only a few studies. We thus investigated the effects of DEN on pituitary, serum hormone levels, and certain sex-differentiated liver enzymes in this study. Adult male Wister rats were intraperitoneally injected with DEN at a single dose of 200 mg/kg and were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, and 35 days after injection; DEN-treated females were included as controls at days 7 and 35. Electron microscopic observation showed that during the first week after injection, all types of granular cells of the anterior pituitary in male animals exhibited cellular damage, including disrupted organelles and cellular structure, as well as pyknotic or lytic nuclei. Many undamaged secretory cells exhibited dilated endoplasmic reticula, hypertrophic Golgi complexes, and peripheral location of secretory granules, which usually are morphologic features of increased cellular activities. In male rats, the serum level of total testosterone decreased and the corticosterone increased 1 day after DEN treatment. The serum level of growth hormone (GH) decreased and the prolactin level increased on day 3. The hepatic expression of the male-specific cytochrome P450 2C11 (CYP2C11) decreased to 1-5% of the normal levels during the first week and was still 50% lower than the normal level on day 35, whereas the female-specific CYP2C12 expression increased only slightly. Activities of the male predominant 16alpha, 16beta, and 6beta hydroxylation of androstenedione by microsome decreased in an in vitro assay, whereas the non-sex-differentiated 7alpha hydroxylation and the female-predominant 5alpha reduction of androstenedione were unaffected. In female rats, decreased serum GH level was observed on day 7. The CYP2C12 expression in females was decreased to about 1% and 80% of the normal levels on day 7 and day 35, respectively, but the CYP2C11 expression was unchanged. These data suggest that in male rats, DEN treatment may cause pituitary damage, disturb serum hormone levels, and induce long-lasting reduction of sexual dimorphism in certain liver functions.
Influence of Immunogenicity on the Long-Term Efficacy of Infliximab in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Filip Baert, Maja Noman, Severine Vermeire, Gert Van Assche, Geert D' Haens, An Carbonez, Paul Rutgeerts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Treatment with infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal IgG1 antibody against tumor necrosis factor, can result in the formation of antibodies against infliximab. We evaluated the clinical significance of these antibodies in patients with Crohn's disease.In a cohort of 125 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease who were treated with infliximab infusions, we evaluated the concentrations of infliximab and of antibodies against infliximab, clinical data, side effects (including infusion reactions), and the use of concomitant medications before and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after each infusion.A mean of 3.9 infusions (range, 1 to 17) per patient were administered over a mean period of 10 months. Antibodies against infliximab were detected in 61 percent of patients. The presence of concentrations of 8.0 microg per milliliter or greater before an infusion predicted a shorter duration of response (35 days, as compared with 71 days among patients with concentrations of less than 8.0 microg per milliliter; P<0.001) and a higher risk of infusion reactions (relative risk, 2.40; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.65 to 3.66; P<0.001). Infliximab concentrations were significantly lower at four weeks among patients who had had an infusion reaction than among patients who had never had an infusion reaction (median, 1.2 vs. 14.1 microg per milliliter; P<0.001). Patients who had infusion reactions had a median duration of clinical response of 38.5 days, as compared with 65 days among patients who did not have an infusion reaction (P<0.001). Concomitant immunosuppressive therapy was predictive of low titers of antibodies against infliximab (P<0.001) and high concentrations of infliximab four weeks after an infusion (P<0.001).The development of antibodies against infliximab is associated with an increased risk of infusion reactions and a reduced duration of response to treatment. Concomitant immunosuppressive therapy reduces the magnitude of the immunogenic response.
PTH-003 An Audit on two week wait Referrals for Suspected Lower Gi Cancer for Iron Deficiency Anaemia – too Often an Inappropriate Referral: Abstract PTH-003 Table 1
Authors: S Aziz, E Wood, L Marelli
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> NICE guidelines state that unexplained iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in men and non-menstruating women requires an urgent two week wait (2ww) referral for suspected cancer. These patients require assessment with upper endoscopy and colonoscopy according to BSG guidelines. IDA is defined as a microcytic anaemia with the presence of any of the following serum markers: low ferritin, low transferrin saturation, low iron or raised TIBC. The aim of this audit was to assess how many lower GI 2ww referral patients for IDA actually had IDA. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed all consecutive 2ww referrals for suspected lower GI cancer for IDA in our Hospital from May until October 2012. Patients’ demographics, medical history, medications and blood test results (FBC, haematinics, eGFR, CRP, Hb electrophoresis) were collected using the General Practitioner (GP) referral letter and the hospital computer system. IDA was identified as microcytic anaemia with low ferritin; if ferritin was normal but unreliable (concomitant high CRP), we identified IDA as low transferrin saturation with high TIBC. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 36 patients (mean age 71±11; M:F = 19:17) were referred as 2ww with asymptomatic IDA. IDA was confirmed in 20 patients (55%). 6 patients (17%) did not have iron deficiency (see table): 3 of them had colonoscopy and 2 had CT abdomen (unfit for colonoscopy), none had significant pathology; one was not investigated. 10 patients (28%) had insufficient blood tests to define the cause of the anaemia: ferritin not available (2), normal ferritin with high CRP and no other iron markers available (6), normal ferritin with no inflammatory markers available (2). <h3>Conclusion</h3> One in six (6/36) patients referred urgently for IDA and suspected lower GI cancer did not have IDA, and the majority were over 80 with multiple co-morbidities. Approximately 1 patient in 4 (10/36) did not have appropriate blood tests performed to assess their anaemia. We recommend GPs perform a full set of haematinics prior to referring patients with IDA and the results should be included in the 2ww referral form. If haematinics are not available at the time of assessment, these should be checked before booking endoscopic investigations. We are amending our referral form accordingly, implementing teaching sessions for GPs and re-auditing in 1 year time. We anticipate a reduction in inappropriate 2ww referrals and subsequent endoscopic requests. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Human TH17 lymphocytes promote blood-brain barrier disruption and central nervous system inflammation
Authors: Hania Kebir, Katharina Kreymborg, Igal Ifergan, Aurore Dodelet-Devillers, Romain Cayrol, Monique Bernard, Fabrizio Giuliani, Nathalie Arbour, Burkhard Becher, Alexandre Prat
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells is an early event during peritoneal dialysis and is associated with high peritoneal transport
Authors: G. del Peso, J.A. Jiménez-Heffernan, M.A. Bajo, L.S. Aroeira, A. Aguilera, A. Fernández-Perpén, A. Cirugeda, M.J. Castro, R. de Gracia, R. Sánchez-Villanueva, J.A. Sánchez-Tomero, M. López-Cabrera, R. Selgas
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors in liver proliferation induced by a mixture of triiodothyronine, amino acids, glucagon, and heparin (TAGH).
Authors: D A Vesey, A C Selden, H J Hodgson
Journal: Gut (1993)

This study investigated the mechanisms by which TAGH solution (a mixture of triiodothyronine, amino acids, glucagon, and heparin) induces DNA synthesis in hepatocytes in the liver of intact rats, with particular reference to events at the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Both partial hepatectomy and infusion of TAGH stimulated DNA synthesis at 24 hours and both procedures resulted in a reduction of EGF receptors assessed in plasma membranes isolated from rat liver at this time. In cell cultures, while EGF strongly stimulated DNA synthesis and started EGF receptor down regulation, TAGH had only a minor effect (1.5 x basal) on DNA synthesis and did not interact with or down regulate the EGF receptor. Membrane phosphorylation studies, however, showed that TAGH induced phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the EGF receptor. The in vivo action of TAGH seems to entail recruitment of similar changes in the EGF receptor to those that occur after partial hepatectomy.
Underfunding of inner city general practice.
Authors: A. Livingstone, R. Patel
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The NHS nursing home experiments showed that high quality nursing home care is no cheaper than traditional NHS continuing care.3Furthermore, a recent report by the Social Security Committee highlighted the underfunding of fees for state supported nursing homes.4Before pro- vision of NHS continuing care is considerably reduced the Department of Health must ensure that the need for high quality care for dependent elderly people is being met elsewhere.At present the NHS is still committed to looking after those requiring "nursing care," and many of the highly dependent and their families continue to request this.5Much could be learnt from the experience of other countries (for example, Australia), but so far the policy makers have seemed to ignore this, with the resultant present chaos.A cohesive national policy is needed, but evidence suggests that the muddle will continue (or increase) after the water- shed for community care in April next year.
Strikes by Physicians
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Although not the first of its kind, the dispute of Cook County Hospital house officers, ending as it did in a strike during the latter part of 1975, seems to have drawn more attention nationally than previous similar actions by house staff members in other cities, eg, New York and Washington. Certainly, the Cook County dispute and its repercussions were issues brought forcefully to the attention of the American Medical Association House of Delegates at the 1975 Clinical Convention in Honolulu. A resolution emanating from the Interns and Residents business session called on the AMA to undertake several forms of direct intervention in connection with the house staff strike. Although that resolution was rejected by the House of Delegates principally on the grounds that the house staff-hospital disagreements were matters for state and local, as opposed to national, consideration, the House did affirm that interns and residents, being employees as
Impaired production of naive T lymphocytes in human T-cell leukemia virus type I–infected individuals: its implications in the immunodeficient state
Authors: Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, Tatsunori Sakai, Kisato Nosaka, Ken-ichiro Etoh, Sadahiro Tamiya, Shin Koga, Shuji Mita, Makoto Uchino, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Masao Matsuoka
Journal: Blood (2001)
Blockade of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel modulates reactive hyperemia in the canine coronary circulation.
Authors: T Aversano, P Ouyang, H Silverman
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The mechanism of reactive hyperemia remains unknown. We hypothesized that reactive hyperemia was related to the opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels during coronary occlusion. The resulting hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cell plasma membrane might reduce calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels and result in relaxation of smooth muscle tone and vasodilation. In eight open-chest, anesthetized dogs, 30-second coronary occlusions resulted in an average flow debt repayment of 200 +/- 41%. After low-dose (0.8 mumol/min) and high-dose (3.7 mumol/min) infusion of intracoronary glibenclamide, flow debt repayment fell to 76 +/- 14% and 50 +/- 8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 compared with control for both). The decline in flow debt repayment was due to a significant reduction both in maximum coronary conductance during reactive hyperemia and in its duration. In addition, there was a significant decline in the sensitivity of the coronary circulation to adenosine-induced vasodilation after glibenclamide. While more variable, there was no overall change in the sensitivity of the coronary vasculature to acetylcholine-induced vasodilation after glibenclamide. We conclude that reactive hyperemia is determined in a large part by the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, probably through its effect on membrane potential and voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Because reactive hyperemia was never fully abolished at the highest doses of glibenclamide tested, it is possible that additional mechanisms are involved in the genesis of this complex phenomenon.
HUMANIZED OR BOVINE VIRUS IN VACCINATION.
Authors: S. B. Chase
Journal: JAMA (1885)

<h3>Editor Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3> I have been much interested in reading the report of the German Commission appointed to investigate this important question. Careful clinical observation satisfied me years since that humanized virus has equal, if not greater, protective power than bovine virus; that it is attended with less severe constitutional disturbance, and produces fewer ugly pustules, regardless of the agency whence the bovine virus came. The syphilitic scare has no terrors for me, although a London enthusiast appears to have settled affirmatively the question of its possibility. With ordinary care it is practically impossible to convey such taint by means of vaccine lymph; while with extraordinary caution in securing healthy virus the danger of conveying any disease other than the one for which you vaccinate, has, in my judgment, no foundation in fact. It is true that latent impurity in the system may become manifest by
East Asian Medicine
Authors: Linda L. Barnes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters15 October 2002East Asian MedicineLinda L. Barnes, MA, MTS, PhDLinda L. Barnes, MA, MTS, PhDBoston University School of Medicine; Boston, MA 02118Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In the history of its interaction with the Chinese paradigm of the body, biomedicine has never started from the premise that the Chinese might have gotten something right. The anatomic paradigm has proved so strong that other paradigms have generally been dismissed as superstition or quackery. As early as the 17th century, western observers rejected Chinese readings of the body because the Chinese “did not know anatomy.”In his article on acupuncture, Kaptchuk (1) notes that the concept of qi provides a rationale for explaining change. Indeed, both Chinese philosophical systems and medicine have long focused on ...Reference1. Kaptchuk TJ. Acupuncture: theory, efficacy, and practice. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:374-83. [PMID: 11874310] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Linda L. Barnes, MA, MTS, PhDAffiliations: Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, MA 02118 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAcupuncture: Theory, Efficacy, and Practice Ted J. Kaptchuk East Asian Medicine Ted J. Kaptchuk Metrics 15 October 2002Volume 137, Issue 8Page: 702-703KeywordsAcupunctureHistory of medicine ePublished: 15 October 2002 Issue Published: 15 October 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Detection of Circulating Candida Enolase by Immunoassay in Patients with Cancer and Invasive Candidiasis
Authors: Thomas J. Walsh, James W. Hathorn, Jack D. Sobel, William G. Merz, Veronica Sanchez, S. Melissa Maret, Helen R. Buckley, Michael A. Pfaller, Robert Schaufele, Clara Sliva, Eileen Navarro, Julius Lecciones, P. Chandrasekar, James Lee, Philip A. Pizzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Invasive candidiasis is a major nosocomial infection that is difficult to diagnose. Few biochemically defined markers of invasive candidiasis are known. Initial findings suggested that the presence of candida enolase in the blood may be a novel marker for invasive candidiasis.
Percutaneous lithotripsy and endoprosthesis: a new treatment for obstructive jaundice in Mirizzi's syndrome.
Authors: S R Cairns, G N Watson, W R Lees, P R Salmon
Journal: BMJ (1987)

proteoglycan concentrations in individual joints examined over time (T Saxne, D Heinegard, and F A Wollheim, unpublished observations).Proteoglycan concentration in synovial fluid appears not to be correlated with fluctuations in traditional signs of inflammatory activity-for example, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and joint leucocyte count.2Furthermore, it is unlikely that the varying rates of progression observed are due to any therapeutic intervention because neither non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs nor other commonly used agents have any effect on the outcome of the disease.'Although selected because they had normal or near normal radiographs of their knees, the patients had an initial median duration ofdisease of 11 years.Further studies are required to elucidate the prognostic value of proteo- glycan measurements in patients with recent onset of disease.
The Design of Life-jackets
Authors: E. A. Pask
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The properties of a serviceable life-jacket are various and depend upon the particular circumstances of use. Special needs impose special requirements. For example, a commando-soldier may carry much heavy metal equipment and may therefore need great additional buoyancy. A log-roller may be likely to be knocked unconscious as he falls into the water. Certain air-crew may be especially likely to be injured as they become cast-away.