tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Essential Role of ICAM-1/CD18 in Mediating EPC Recruitment, Angiogenesis, and Repair to the Infarcted Myocardium
Authors: Yaojiong Wu, James E. Ip, Jing Huang, Lunan Zhang, Kenichi Matsushita, Choong-Chin Liew, Richard E. Pratt, Victor J. Dzau
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the ability to migrate to ischemic organs. However, the signals that mediate trafficking and recruitment of these cells are not well understood. Using a functional genomics strategy, we determined the genes that were upregulated in the ischemic myocardium and might be involved in EPC recruitment. Among them, CD18 and its ligand ICAM-1 are particularly intriguing because CD18 and its heterodimer binding chains CD11a and CD11b were correspondingly expressed in ex vivo-expanded EPCs isolated from rat and murine bone marrows. To further verify the functional role of CD18 in mediating EPC recruitment and repair to the infarcted myocardium, we used neutralizing antibody to block CD18. Blockade of CD18 in EPCs significantly inhibited their attachment capacity in vitro and reduced their recruitment to the ischemic myocardium in vivo by 95%. Moreover, mice receiving EPCs that were treated with control isotype IgG exhibited significantly increased capillary density in the infarct border zone, reduced cardiac dilatation, ventricular wall thinning, and fibrosis when compared with myocardial infarction mice receiving PBS and CD18 blockade reversed the EPC-mediated improvements to the infarcted heart. Thus, our results suggest an essential role of CD18 in mediating EPC recruitment and the subsequent functional effects on the infarcted heart.
Influence of Ambient and Ventilator Output Temperatures on Performance of Heated-Wire Humidifiers
Authors: François Lellouche, Solenne Taillé, Salvatore M. Maggiore, Siham Qader, Erwan L'Her, Nicolas Deye, Laurent Brochard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Although heated humidifiers are considered the most efficient humidification devices for mechanical ventilation, endotracheal tube occlusion caused by dry secretions has been reported with heated-wire humidifiers. We tested the hypothesis that inlet chamber temperature, influenced by ambient air and ventilator output temperatures, may affect humidifier performance, as assessed by hygrometry. Hygrometry was measured with three different humidifiers under several conditions, varying ambient air temperatures (high, 28-30 degrees C; and normal, 22-24 degrees C), ventilators with different gas temperatures, and two VE levels. Clinical measurements were performed to confirm bench measurements. Humidifier performance was strongly correlated with inlet chamber temperature in both the bench (p < 0.0001, r2 = 0.93) and the clinical study. With unfavorable conditions, absolute humidity of inspired gas was much lower than recommended (approximately 20 mg H2O/L). Performance was improved by specific settings or new compensatory algorithms. Hygrometry could be evaluated from condensation on the wall chamber only when ambient air temperature was normal but not with high air temperature. An increase in inlet chamber temperature induced by high ambient temperature markedly reduces the performance of heated-wire humidifiers, leading to a risk of endotracheal tube occlusion. Such systems should be avoided in these conditions unless automatic compensation algorithms are used.
A Doubtful Image of Le Veen Shunt Patency
Authors: A. CHITI, M. CASTELLANI, M. INTRA, A. BESTETTI, L C. GIOVANELLA, C. MAIOLI, G. L. TAROLO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 50-year-old woman with a history of ascites had a Leveen shunt patency evaluation. After intraperitoneal administration of 111 MBq of Tc-99m human serum albumin macroaggregates, anterior static images of both upper abdomen and chest 10,20, and 60 minutes postinjection were acquired. The image at 20 minutes showed a lung-like pattern. To remove any doubt, 37 MBq of Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate was injected into a right arm vein to obtain a cardiac blood pool image.
Chernobyl damaged health, says study
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

People who cleaned up after the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl have an increased incidence of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disease and cancers of the stomach and lung, according to the first epidemiological study of the incident. They seem not to have an increased risk of leukaemia. “It is as if they are suffering from accelerated aging,” said Dr Alexei Nikiforov, director of the Russian Centre of Ecological Medicine, at a recent international meeting on radiological risk in Paris. “They have roughly the same diseases as anybody else, but the diseases occur with higher frequency and in a more acute manner.”

The term “liquidators” is used to describe the 500 000 to 600 000 …
Preventive Eye Care in People With Diabetes Is Cost-Saving to the Federal Government: Implications for health-care reform
Authors: Jonathan C Javitt, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Yenpin Chiang, Frederick L Ferris, Joseph K Canner, Sheldon Greenfield
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE Diabetic retinopathy, which leads to macular edema and retinal neovascularization, is the leading cause of blindness among working-age Americans. Previous research has demonstrated significant cost savings associated with detection of eye disease in Americans with type 1 diabetes. However, detection and treatment of eye disease among those with type II diabetes was previously thought not to be cost-saving. Our purpose was to estimate the current and potential federal savings resulting from the screening and treatment of retinopathy in patients with type II diabetes, based on recently availabledata concerning efficacy of treating both macular edema and neovascularization along withnew data on federal budgetary costs of blindness. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used computer modeling, incorporating data from population-based epidemiological studies and multicenter clinical trials. Monte Ciarlosimulation was used, combined with sensitivity analysis and present value analysis of cost savings. RESULTS Screening and treatment for eye disease in patients with type II diabetes generates annual savings of $247.9 million to the federal budget and 53,986 person-years of sight, even at current suboptimal (60%) levels of care. If all patients with type II diabetes receive recommended care, the predicted net savings (discounted at 5%) exceeds $472.1 million and 94,304 person-years of sight. Nearly all savings areassociated with detection and treatment of diabetic macular edema. Enrolling each additional person with type II diabetes into currently recommended ophthalmological care resultsin an average net savings of $975/person, even if all costs of care are borne by the federal government. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicates that prevention programs aimed at improving eye care for patients with diabetes not only reduce needless vision loss but also willprovide a financial return on the investment of public funds.
Endothelial Programmed Death-1 Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Regulates CD8 <sup>+</sup> T-Cell–Mediated Injury in the Heart
Authors: Nir Grabie, Israel Gotsman, Rosa DaCosta, Hong Pang, George Stavrakis, Manish J. Butte, Mary E. Keir, Gordon J. Freeman, Arlene H. Sharpe, Andrew H. Lichtman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— PD-L1 and PD-L2 are ligands for the inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1), which is an important regulator of immune responses. PD-L1 is induced on cardiac endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions, but little is known about its role in regulating immune injury in the heart. Methods and Results— Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–mediated myocarditis was induced in mice, and the influence of PD-L1 signaling was studied with PD-L1/L2–deficient mice and blocking antibodies. During cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–induced myocarditis, the upregulation of PD-L1 on cardiac endothelia was dependent on T-cell–derived interferon-γ, and blocking of interferon-γ signaling worsened disease. Genetic deletion of both PD-1 ligands [ PD-L1/2 (−/−) ], as well as treatment with PD-L1 blocking antibody, transformed transient myocarditis to lethal disease, in association with widespread polymorphonuclear leukocyte–rich microabscesses but without change in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recruitment. PD-L1/2 (−/−) mice reconstituted with bone marrow from wild-type mice remained susceptible to severe disease, which demonstrates that PD-L1 on non–bone marrow–derived cells confers the protective effect. Finally, depletion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes reversed the enhanced susceptibility to lethal myocarditis attributable to PD-L1 deficiency. Conclusions— Myocardial PD-L1, mainly localized on endothelium, is critical for control of immune-mediated cardiac injury and polymorphonuclear leukocyte inflammation.
The Ability of a Retrospective Review of Electronic Health Records to Fully Capture the Frequency of Supratherapeutic Dosing of Acetaminophen—Reply
Authors: Li Zhou, Saverio M. Maviglia, Roberto A. Rocha
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Role of hepatic and extrahepatic tissues.
Authors: R G Firth, P M Bell, H M Marsh, I Hansen, R A Rizza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) have both preprandial and postprandial hyperglycemia. To determine the mechanism responsible for the postprandial hyperglycemia, insulin secretion, insulin action, and the pattern of carbohydrate metabolism after glucose ingestion were assessed in patients with NIDDM and in matched nondiabetic subjects using the dual isotope and forearm catheterization techniques. Prior to meal ingestion, hepatic glucose release was increased (P less than 0.001) in the diabetic patients measured using [2-3H] or [3-3H] glucose. After meal ingestion, patients with NIDDM had excessive rates of systemic glucose entry (1,316 +/- 56 vs. 1,018 +/- 65 mg/kg X 7 h, P less than 0.01), primarily owing to a failure to suppress adequately endogenous glucose release (680 +/- 50 vs. 470 +/- 32 mg/kg X 7 h, P less than 0.01) from its high preprandial level. Despite impaired suppression of endogenous glucose production during a hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp (P less than 0.001) and decreased postprandial C-peptide response (P less than 0.05) in NIDDM, percent suppression of hepatic glucose release after oral glucose was comparable in the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects (45 +/- 3 vs. 39 +/- 2%). Although new glucose formation from meal-derived three-carbon precursors (53 +/- 3 vs. 40 +/- 7 mg/kg X 7 h, P less than 0.05) was greater in the diabetic patients, it accounted for only a minor part of this excessive postprandial hepatic glucose release. Postprandial hyperglycemia was exacerbated by the lack of an appropriate increase in glucose uptake whether measured isotopically or by forearm glucose uptake. Thus as has been proposed for fasting hyperglycemia, excessive hepatic glucose release and impaired glucose uptake are involved in the pathogenesis of postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with NIDDM.
THE EMBLEM OF MEDICINE
Authors: L. B. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Journalrecently called attention to an infringement on the automobile insignia for physicians which it has been selling. The spurious emblem has two snakes entwined on the staff, instead of one. In 1931 an enterprising doctor presented a gold badge of office to the president of the Toronto Academy of Medicine as an official emblem portraying the sacred serpent being fed from a bowl. The official button of the American Medical Association is mostly snake-entwined staff. Why the snake and even so, why its continuance? Since the days of the Romans, the emblem of orthodox medicine has been the snake-entwined staff. Insignia are multum in parvo, but why continue to sail under such false colors? What, then, should the insignia of medicine portray? We are living in a wonderful day and surely beyond our present possibilities; we must realize that the advanced thought being scrutinized
BUPA subscription? That will do nicely
Authors: D. Currie
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The following conversation concludes my consultation with a patient every other week now.

“All right sir, I will put your name on our waiting list and we should be able to admit you within about six weeks.”

Patient: “I'm in BUPA (or PPP), would that help?”

“Not really. How did you think it would help?”

Patient: “Well, I thought it might be quicker.”

“I'm afraid not. The rate at which we can work is determined by the number of beds and the availability of an operating list, not by my remuneration.”

Patient: “What's the use of me having a subscription then?”

“I really don't know. I work for the NHS.”

I am sorely tempted to be sarcastic and say “BUPA, sir? That will do nicely,” but I am still restrained by the requirements of the doctor and patient relationship and the need to keep my own feelings from adding to the patient's existing anxiety. Do I look as if I might take a bribe? Would the patient be so casual in offering a bribe if he was speaking to a police officer instead of an NHS consultant? For there is no question that I am being offered an incentive, either to do the job I am already paid to do or to offer this patient preferential …
A novel X–linked gene, DDP, shows mutations in families with deafness (DFN–1), dystonia, mental deficiency and blindness
Authors: Hong Jin, Melanie May, Lisbeth Tranebjærg, Elaine Kendall, Gumersindo Fontán, John Jackson, S.H. Subramony, Fernando Arena, Herbert Lubs, Stephanie Smith, Roger Stevenson, Charles Schwartz, David Vetrie
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Olecranon bursitis due to Candida parapsilosis in an immunocompetent adult
Authors: M Jiménez-Palop, M Corteguera, R Ibáñez, R Serrano-Heranz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Sonography as a replacement for sialography for the diagnosis of salivary glands affected by Sjögren's syndromeRecently, it has been suggested that sonographic evaluation of the salivary glands is useful
Review of<i>The Bioethics of Pain Management: Beyond Opioids</i>by Daniel S. Goldberg
Authors: Reviewed by Megan Crowley-Matoka, Robert M. Arnold
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Pain demands attention. It demands attention from the individual sufferers whose daily lives it may come to dominate, from the clinicians called upon to interpret and treat it, and from the scholar...
Cancer Risks and Prevention
Authors: Lambertina W. Freni-Titulaer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This book, which was written in honor of Sir Richard Doll on his retirement as warden of Green College, is a welcome addition to the few books that are available on the subjects of cancer risks and prevention. In it, most known and suspected risk factors for many types of cancers are covered and the factors that can be used most effectively in prevention are discussed. In addition, areas for future research are suggested. The chapters were written by different authors, which causes some of the material to be repetitious. Studies describing the association between fat consumption and breast cancer, for instance, are discussed in the first chapter, which deals with the preventability of cancer. The studies are then mentioned again in the chapters on cancer geography and diet. Most chapters are well written and easy to follow for the nonepidemiologist. The chapter on cancer geography contains an excellent review
454 Hyperhomocysteinemia and methylentetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphysm are potential conditions involved in the development of HCV-associated steatosis
Authors: L.E. Adinolfi, D. Ingrosso, G. Cesaro, A. Cimmino, V. Zappia, G. Ruggiero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
The role of nuclear factor κB in late-gestation liver development in the rat
Authors: Michelle Embree‐Ku, Philip A. Gruppuso
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

During the last 3 days of fetal development in the rodent, a burst of hepatocyte proliferation results in a tripling of liver size. Despite stimulation of mitogenesis via multiple signaling pathways, including some that are considered stress response pathways, little apoptosis accompanies this cell growth. Given the accepted role of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in preventing hepatocellular apoptosis during proliferation in mid-development, we predicted that NF-κB would be functional during the period of rapid growth during late gestation in the rat. NF-κB binding in electrophoretic mobility shift assays was low in embryonic day (E) 19 liver nuclear extracts relative to adult liver nuclear extracts. An additional band that was present in E19 liver was purified and identified as nucleolin. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) administration to E19 embryos in utero produced minimal induction of NF-κB p50 homodimers and p50/p65 heterodimers, yet baseline apoptosis was not affected. Although p65 was present in E19 hepatocyte cytoplasm in amounts comparable to adult liver, we observed little translocation of p65 to the liver nuclei following TNF-α administration. Additionally, expression of several NF-κB–responsive genes remained minimally induced in E19 liver following TNF-α treatment. In conclusion, although the NF-κB components are present in late-gestation fetal liver, NF-κB as a transcription factor is relatively inactive and unresponsive to TNF-α. Given this finding and the high level of proliferation in late-gestation fetal liver, we predict that alternative antiapoptotic mechanisms are active during this period of rapid hepatic growth. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:326–334.)
STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN
Authors: Ronald S. Goor, A. M. Pappenheimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Extracts from HeLa cells treated with excess diphtheria toxin for several hours, until all protein synthesis has been arrested, are still able to stimulate the poly U-directed incorporation of phenylalanine into polypeptides at a moderate rate. Activity may be restored to normal levels or above by addition of a soluble enzyme fraction containing transferase II. Our results are in agreement with those of Collier who has recently shown that toxin inactivates transferase II in extracts from rabbit reticulocytes. We have further demonstrated that amino acid incorporation in extracts from intoxicated HeLa cells is limited by their transferase II content whereas, in extracts from normal cells, it is the ribosomes and to a lesser extent sRNA that are limiting. We have found that only soluble transferase II is inactivated by toxin; the ribosome-bound enzyme is resistant.
Effect of Partial Liquid Ventilation on Pulmonary Vascular Permeability and Edema after Experimental Acute Lung Injury
Authors: NEALE R. LANGE, JAMES K. KOZLOWSKI, RENE GUST, STEVEN D. SHAPIRO, DANIEL P. SCHUSTER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We evaluated the effects of partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with two different dosages of the perfluorocarbon LiquiVent (perflubron) on pulmonary vascular permeability and edema formation after oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury in dogs. We used imaging with positron emission tomography to measure fractional pulmonary blood flow, lung water concentration (LWC), and the pulmonary transcapillary escape rate (PTCER) of 68Ga-labeled transferrin at 5 and 21 h after lung injury in five dogs undergoing conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), five dogs undergoing low-dose PLV (perflubron at 10 ml/kg), and four dogs undergoing high dose PLV (perflubron at 30 ml/kg). A positive end-expiratory pressure of 7.5 cm H2O was used in all dogs. After OA (0.08 ml/kg)- induced lung injury, there were no significant differences or trends for PTCER or LWC at any time when the PLV groups were compared with the CMV group. However, lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity was significantly lower in the combined PLV group than in the CMV group (p = 0.016). We conclude that after OA-induced lung injury, the addition of PLV to CMV does not directly attenuate pulmonary vascular leak or lung water accumulation. Rather, the benefits of such treatment may be due to modifications of the inflammatory response.
The Psychological Basis of Medical Practice.
Authors: Harold I. Lief
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

The Psychological Basis of Medical Practice. By 52 authors, edited by Harold I. Lief, Victor F. Lief, and Nina R. Lief. Price, $12.50. Pp 572. Paul B. Hoeber, Inc. (medical book department of Harper & Brothers), 49 E 33rd St, New York 16, 1963. This is a text addressed to the medical student and nonpsychiatric physician to provide a comprehensive approach to processes of health and disease. The wide range of contributors indicates the extensive coverage furnished in this single volume. In truth the ground is fully and adequately covered by authorities freshly for this volume rather than by a reprinting of previous publications. Thus the language is chosen for the intended readers and is easily understandable by the nonpsychiatrists. In general this is an excellent compilation of ideas and probably the best work in existence for students and practitioners. Roy R. Grinker, Sr., MD
Bacteriuria: Colonization or Infection
Authors: Philip J. Kozinn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The term<i>urinary tract infection</i>(UTI) in the title of the article by Daifuku and Stamm<sup>1</sup>is misleading in that their investigation only proves an increase, in urine specimens, of organisms that were previously present in the urethra or rectum. It presents no clinical, cystoscopic, or histologie evidence of UTI. This increase in organisms in asymptomatic patients may be a reaction to a foreign body without invasion of tissues. In contrast, we correlated colony counts with histologie findings (62 autopsies and two biopsies) in patients with evidence suggesting the possibility of renal candidosis.<sup>2</sup>The mean<i>Candida</i>colony count in 11 patients with an indwelling Foley catheter and histologically proved urinary tract candidosis was 64,000 ±32,000/mL. Five cases with an indwelling Foley catheter and the absence of urinary tract candidosis (histologically proved) was 72,000 ±28,000/mL. One patient had more than 200,000<i>Candida</i>organisms per milliliter without