tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Real time Raman imaging to understand dissolution performance of amorphous solid dispersions
Authors: Francesco Tres, Kevin Treacher, Jonathan Booth, Les P. Hughes, Stephen A.C. Wren, Jonathan W. Aylott, Jonathan C. Burley
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)

We have employed for the first time Raman spectroscopic imaging along with multi-variate curve resolution (MCR) analysis to investigate in real time and in-situ the dissolution mechanisms that underpin amorphous solid dispersions, with data being collected directly from the dosage form itself. We have also employed a novel rotating disk dissolution rate (RDDR) methodology to track, through the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the dissolution trends of both drug and polymer simultaneously in multi-component systems. Two formulations of poorly water-soluble felodipine in a polymeric matrix of copovidone VA64 which have different drug loadings of 5% and 50% w/w were used as models with the aim of studying the effects of increasing the amount of active ingredient on the dissolution performance. It was found that felodipine and copovidone in the 5% dispersion dissolve with the same dissolution rate and that no Raman spectral changes accompanied the dissolution, indicating that the two components dissolve as single entity, whose behaviour is dominated by water-soluble copovidone. For the 50% drug-loaded dispersion, partial RDDR values of both felodipine and copovidone were found to be extremely low. MCR Raman maps along with classical Raman/X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) characterisation revealed that after an initial loss of copovidone from the extrudate the drug re-crystallises, pointing to a release dynamics dependent on the low water solubility and high hydrophobicity of felodipine. Raman imaging revealed different rates of transition from amorphous to crystalline felodipine at different locations within the dosage form.
Postoperative thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following cardiovascular surgeries
Authors: Jae C. Chang, Ash Shipstone, Marian A. Llenado-Lee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Among 47 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), 8 patients were diagnosed to have postoperative-TTP. Two patients underwent vascular surgery, 5 patients coronary artery bypass grafts, and 1 patient resection of myocardial sarcoma. Prior to surgery, all patients except one had normal hemograms and platelet counts, and blood smears showed no schistocytes. Five to 19 days after surgery, all 8 patients developed postoperative TTP, which clinical feature was characterized by unexplained progressive encephalopathy, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. In addition, in 3 patients, progressive gangrene of the toes also developed. Four patients achieved complete remission following exchange plasmapheresis and 1 patient spontaneous remission. Due to complicated surgical settings after surgery, recognition of TTP was often delayed and it contributed to death in 3 patients despite treatment with exchange plasmapheresis. In view of occurrence of postoperative TTP following cardiac and vascular surgeries, pathogenic mechanism for postoperative TTP may be explained on the basis of injury of diseased endothelial surface and release of a humoral factor(s) that results in platelet aggregation in the capillaries and arterioles. Our experience with these cases indicates that TTP may occur as a serious complication of cardiac and vascular surgeries, and early recognition of the diagnosis and institution of exchange plasmapheresis are of paramount importance for favorable outcome. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of inappropriate tuberculosis treatment regimens: a systematic review
Authors: M.W. Langendam, M.J. van der Werf, E. Huitric, D. Manissero
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

A potential threat to the success of new tuberculosis (TB) drugs is the development of resistance. Using drugs in appropriate regimens, such as those recommended in the World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines, prevents the development of resistance. We performed a systematic review to assess the prevalence of inappropriate prescription of TB drugs for the treatment of TB. MEDLINE, EMBASE and other databases were searched for relevant articles in January 2011. Observational studies published from 2000 that included TB patients receiving treatment were selected. A treatment regimen was considered inappropriate if the regimen was not a WHO recommended regimen. 37 studies were included. Inappropriate treatment regimens were prescribed in 67% of studies. The percentage of patients receiving inappropriate regimens varied between 0.4% and 100%. In 19 studies the quality of treatment regimen reporting was low. Despite the fact that assessment of inappropriate treatment was hampered by low quality of reporting, our data indicate a reasonable amount of inappropriate prescription of TB treatment regimens. Thus, there is a risk that new drugs will be used in inappropriate treatment regimens, even with WHO guidelines in place, introducing the risk of resistance development. This article highlights the need to improve implementation of the WHO treatment of TB guidelines.
Influence of Amyl Nitrite Inhalation on the Systolic Time Intervals in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: TOSHITAMI SAWAYAMA, MASAKAZU OCHIAI, SUSUMU MARUMOTO, TOHRU MATSUURA, ISAO NIKI
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The systolic time intervals of the left ventricle in 30 patients with ischemic heart disease but without heart failure were compared with those of 30 normal individuals before and after inhalation of amyl nitrite by using polygraphic recordings. In the normal subjects, following amyl nitrite, the ejection-time index was significantly prolonged, and the pre-ejection period and its index were significantly reduced, while the ejection time was not significantly shortened. The ischemic heart disease group, however, exhibited no significant changes in the ejection-time index, pre-ejection period, or its index, whereas the ejection time was significantly shortened. These differences were not related to heart rate or diastolic blood pressure level but may be explained by a postulated lack of increase in stroke volume or in the contractility of the ischemic myocardium, or both, at the maximal effect of amyl nitrite. The responses of the left ventricular systolic intervals to amyl nitrite may prove useful as a clinical test of latent ventricular functional impairment in subjects with ischemic heart disease.
CXCL13 Production in B Cells via Toll-like Receptor/Lymphotoxin Receptor Signaling Is Involved in Lymphoid Neogenesis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Eleni Litsiou, Maria Semitekolou, Ioanna E. Galani, Ioannis Morianos, Aikaterini Tsoutsa, Panagiota Kara, Dimitra Rontogianni, Ion Bellenis, Maria Konstantinou, Konstantinos Potaris, Evangelos Andreakos, Paschalis Sideras, Spyros Zakynthinos, Maria Tsoumakidou
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Little is known about what drives the appearance of lymphoid follicles (LFs), which may function as lymphoid organs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In animal infection models, pulmonary LF formation requires expression of homeostatic chemokines by stromal cells and dendritic cells, partly via lymphotoxin.To study the role of homeostatic chemokines in LF formation in COPD and to identify mechanism(s) responsible for their production.Peripheral lung homeostatic chemokine and lymphotoxin expression were visualized by immunostainings and quantified by ELISA/quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in patients with COPD with and without LFs. Expression of lymphotoxin and homeostatic chemokine receptors was investigated by flow cytometry. Primary lung cell cultures, followed by ELISA/quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction/flow cytometry, were performed to identify mechanisms of chemokine expression. Polycarbonate membrane filters were used to assess primary lung cell migration toward lung homogenates.LFs expressed the homeostatic chemokine CXCL13. Total CXCL13 levels correlated with LF density. Lung B cells of patients with COPD were important sources of CXCL13 and lymphotoxin and also expressed their receptors. Cigarette smoke extract, H2O2, and LPS exposure up-regulated B cell-derived CXCL13. The LPS-induced increase in CXCL13 was partly mediated via lymphotoxin. Notably, CXCL13 was required for efficient lung B-cell migration toward COPD lung homogenates and induced lung B cells to up-regulate lymphotoxin, which further promoted CXCL13 production, establishing a positive feedback loop.LF formation in COPD may be driven by lung B cells via a CXCL13-dependent mechanism that involves toll-like receptor and lymphotoxin receptor signaling.
Increased peripheral α‐adrenoceptor response in allergic asthmatics
Authors: T. Sandström, R. Henriksson, R. Hörnkvist, O. Bäck, L. Rosenhall
Journal: Allergy (1988)

The peripheral α‐adrenoceptor reactivity, measured as dermal blanching response to iontophoretically administered phenylephrine, was studied in 28 allergic asthmatics, 13 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and 21 healthy controls. The blanching response, which has previously been demonstrated to be mediated via α 1 ‐adrenoceptors, was found to be significantly increased in allergic asthmatics compared with controls. It is suggested that there is an increased peripheral α‐adrenoceptor reactivity in allergic asthma.
Malonylcarnitine in Newborns with Non‐syndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate
Authors: Kamil Konrad Hozyasz, Mariusz Oltarzewski, Zofia Dudkiewicz
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2010)

Malonyl‐CoA is regarded as a key signaling molecule in mammalian cells. It is converted to acetyl‐CoA, and to a lesser extent, to malonyl acid and malonylcarnitine (C3DC). Availability of carnitine has been reported to be essential for the developing fetus. The objectives of the present study were to analyze associations of malonylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine (C2), and free carnitine (C0) in subjects with orofacial clefts. We performed a retrospective analysis of carnitine concentration obtained from a newborn screening program carried out in our institution. Concentrations of whole blood malonylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine, and free carnitine were measured using tandem mass spectrometry. The study group consisted of 51 children with non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. In total, 106 healthy children without congenital anomalies served as controls. Cut‐off points were established using likelihood ratio values. The mean concentration of malonylcarnitine in the cleft group was lower than that of the control group, 0.048 μmol·L−1 vs. 0.058 μmol·L−1, respectively (P=0.009). In patients with orofacial cleft, low malonylcarnitine levels (≤0.047 μmol·L−1) were 1.7 times more predominant than in healthy individuals (P=0.03). The mean concentration of acetylcarnitine was also lower in affected newborns in comparison to controls, 33.8 μmol·L−1 vs. 37.8 μmol·L−1, respectively (P=0.026). After analysis of acetylcarnitine and free carnitine concentrations, the likelihood ratio test did not indicate valuable cut‐off points. The study provides initial data indicating a potential association between decreased malonylcarnitine and abnormal palatogenesis.
In-vivo administration of interleukin 1 both enhances and suppresses contact sensitivity in the mouse
Authors: O. BACK, J. LINNA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The in-vivo effects of systemic administration of recombinant human interleukin 1β (rIL-1β) were studied in the mouse contact-sensitivity model, rIL-1β in a single dose of 20 μg injected intraperitoneally 72–48 h before or 2–24 h after sensitization suppressed contact sensitivity. Given before challenge rIL-1β modulated the response in a biphasic way with an enhancement at 48 h and a suppression at 2 h before challenge. Only microgram doses of rIL-1β could enhance the contact sensitivity at 48 h, while microgram doses of rIL-1β at 2 h before challenge suppressed and nanogram doses enhanced the response. Treatment with indomethacin could only abrogate the effects of nanogram doses of rIL-1β. Measurements of the thickness of unchallenged control ears revealed that rIL-1β by itself could cause a small but significant increase in thickness depending on the dose and the time of administration.
The other way to learn the meaning of a word
Authors: Sam Scott
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Bloom's book can be viewed as a long argument for an anti-Whorfian conclusion. According to Bloom, word learning is usually a process of mapping new words to pre-existing concepts. But an exception to this generalization – the learning of words from linguistic context – poses a problem for Bloom's anti-Whorfian argument.
Biomarkers in newly diagnosed pediatric-extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Hisaki Fujii, Geoff Cuvelier, Kevin She, Soudabeh Aslanian, Hiromi Shimizu, Amina Kariminia, Mark Krailo, Zhengjia Chen, Rob McMaster, Axel Bergman, Frederick Goldman, Stephen A. Grupp, Donna A. Wall, Andrew L. Gilman, Kirk R. Schultz
Journal: Blood (2007)
Novel Gifts from Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Michael Klein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: In addition to the traditional types of gifts from pharmaceutical companies recently alluded to in the Journal,1,2 I wish to alert readers to the distribution of unsolicited gifts through the mail. Recently, I received a preprogrammed auto-dialer that will connect me (toll-free) to the “Respiratory Season Hot Line” of a major pharmaceutical company so that I can place my order for samples of antibiotics. Another pharmaceutical concern has sent me a sample of coffee (decaffeinated, at least) to accompany promotional material showing close-up portraits of grateful men in olfactory nirvana greedily sniffing steaming mugs of java. . . .
Effect of Statins on Skeletal Muscle Function
Authors: Beth A. Parker, Jeffrey A. Capizzi, Adam S. Grimaldi, Priscilla M. Clarkson, Stephanie M. Cole, Justin Keadle, Stuart Chipkin, Linda S. Pescatello, Kathleen Simpson, C. Michael White, Paul D. Thompson
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Many clinicians believe that statins cause muscle pain, but this has not been observed in clinical trials, and the effect of statins on muscle performance has not been carefully studied. Methods and Results— The Effect of Statins on Skeletal Muscle Function and Performance (STOMP) study assessed symptoms and measured creatine kinase, exercise capacity, and muscle strength before and after atorvastatin 80 mg or placebo was administered for 6 months to 420 healthy, statin-naive subjects. No individual creatine kinase value exceeded 10 times normal, but average creatine kinase increased 20.8±141.1 U/L ( P &lt;0.0001) with atorvastatin. There were no significant changes in several measures of muscle strength or exercise capacity with atorvastatin, but more atorvastatin than placebo subjects developed myalgia (19 versus 10; P =0.05). Myalgic subjects on atorvastatin or placebo had decreased muscle strength in 5 of 14 and 4 of 14 variables, respectively ( P =0.69). Conclusions— These results indicate that high-dose atorvastatin for 6 months does not decrease average muscle strength or exercise performance in healthy, previously untreated subjects. Nevertheless, this blinded, controlled trial confirms the undocumented impression that statins increase muscle complaints. Atorvastatin also increased average creatine kinase, suggesting that statins produce mild muscle injury even among asymptomatic subjects. This increase in creatine kinase should prompt studies examining the effects of more prolonged, high-dose statin treatment on muscular performance. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00609063.
Patients with cancer could spend less time in hospital, says tsar
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Reducing the length of time that patients with cancer spend in hospital would free finance for expensive cancer drugs, says the national director for cancer services in England.

Mike Richards, England's cancer tsar, made the suggestion at the opening session of the second parliamentary inquiry into the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) since the institute was set up in 1999.

NICE has been criticised recently by patients and drug companies, the House of Commons health select committee reported. NICE's refusal to provide the data that led to its decision to refuse to recommend certain drugs for Alzheimer's disease has even prompted a judicial review, which will take place next month.

Professor Richards said that advances in drug technology offered a “very exciting time” for the treatment of cancer, and more than half of the new drugs currently being developed are …
Reduction in high density lipoproteins by anabolic steroid (stanozolol) therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Hugh McA. Taggart, Deborah Applebaum-Bowden, Steven Haffner, G.Russell Warnick, Marian C. Cheung, John J. Albers, Charles H. Chestnut, William R. Hazzard
Journal: Metabolism (1982)
BRONCHIAL LYMPHADENOPATHY, NONTUBERCULOUS
Authors: C. FLEISCHNER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The tremendous number of observations that have been made on tuberculosis of the bronchial lymph nodes during the last hundred and fifty years yields a literature fairly surcharged with experimental and clinical data. An investigation of the work that has been done on the acute or subacute bacterial infections, on the other hand, is particularly striking on account of its paucity. Several explanations can be deduced for this interesting status. It has been recognized, ever since the publication of Lalouette in 1780 (Traité des scrofules), and Leblond in 1824, that tuberculosis of the bronchial lymph nodes is a distinct disease. Furthermore, Louis (1825), Laënnec (1837), Fischer and others have emphasized the fact that tuberculosis is the most common disease of these lymph nodes and it occurs more frequently in them than in any other viscus of the body. It must be remembered that this information has been largely gathered from
Analysis of Femininity: a Didactic Group Experience
Authors: Ruiz Ruiz, Morales Aranjuez, Calvo Ortega, Pino Blanes, Antón Cortés, Aparicio Aparicio
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

We present an analysis of femininity carried out by 6 female doctors who, following a 1-year didactic group experience, bring into question psychoanalytical hypotheses and theories, describing dreams and fantasies about castration, penis envy and the male/ female opposition, finally establishing what can be currently considered to be 'feminine' and going on to ask themselves about the female identity in terms of its own internal structure without referring to questions of class or gender.
Genetic Polymorphisms in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase and Thymidylate Synthase and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Li Wang, Xiaoping Miao, Wen Tan, Xinghua Lu, Ping Zhao, Xiaohang Zhao, Yi Shan, Hui Li, Dongxin Lin
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
S161 Reducing exposure to allergens in bakeries
Authors: S. J. Fraser, H. J. Mason, A. Thorpe, P. Roberts, I. Smith, G. E. Evans, J. Morton, D. Mark
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Bakers have one of the highest incidence rates of occupational asthma. This is related to the levels of dust generated in bakeries from both flour itself and ‘improvers’, which are added to flour to improve the quality of the bread. Bakery improvers can contain known allergens such as fungal alpha amylase, hemicellulase and soya trypsin inhibitor from soya flour, as well as vegetable oil, calcium sulphate and emulsifiers; usually consisting of organic esters and calcium silicate. This study investigated changes to the ‘dustiness’ of flour by altering the proportions of improvers in the mix, and measured any concomitant reduction in allergen exposure resulting from these changes. <h3>Methods</h3> The concentration of calcium sulphate, calcium silicate and vegetable oil were manipulated in a standard improver mix. Both standard ‘dustiness’ tests and simulation of bakery activities were undertaken. Atmospheric levels of total soluble protein, wheat flour antigen, soya trypsin inhibitor and calcium were measured. <h3>Results</h3> The most effective method of decreasing dustiness of improvers and exposure to allergens was to increase the vegetable oil content of the improver. Raising the oil from 2% to 4% of the improver mix was associated with a 77% decrease in airborne wheat flour antigen and soya trypsin inhibitor in the simulation. Reducing the calcium sulphate content reduced the dustiness of the improver, measured by gravimetric analysis. However, the effect on the atmospheric levels of allergens was less clear. Reducing the calcium silicate content within the emulsifier mix was the least effective of the three methods tested. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Changing the formulation of the improver represents a simple, practical and inexpensive method of reducing the dustiness and potential exposure to allergens in bakery workers. This study has shown that a small increase in the oil content would be an effective method for reducing bakers’ exposure to allergens and dust. However it could affect how easily the improver is blended and so could be subject to limitations. ©Crown copyright (2010).
Portrait of a Nobleman
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal