tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extra costs for disabled people
Authors: R. Hull, A. O Frank
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The safety profile and observed high acceptability of products containing desogestrel or gestodene allow their continued use, subject to thorough, unbiased counselling in the context of all the recent studies and the letter from the Committee on Safety of Medicines.10The faculty is committed to developing evidence based guidelines, and until further data are available it endorses the guidelines given in the box.
Reliability of patients measuring blood pressure at home: prospective observational study
Authors: A. Nordmann, B. Frach, T. Walker, B. Martina, E. Battegay
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Measuring blood pressure at home is recommended to distinguish sustained hypertension from white coat hypertension and to monitor treatment. 1 2Blood pressure measured at home is a better predictor of 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, target organ damage, and cardiovascular mortality than that measured by a doctor. 3-5We aimed to assess the accuracy of patients measuring blood pressure at home, to identify predictors of poor accuracy, and to determine if poor accuracy impairs assessment of hypertension.
Effect of Binge Drinking on the Heart as Assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Anja Zagrosek, Daniel Messroghli, Olaf Schulz, Rainer Dietz, Jeanette Schulz-Menger
Journal: JAMA (2010)

In Reply: We agree with Drs Kalantri and Kalantri that some clinical findings decrease the probability of hemorrhage in patients with stroke, although excluding hemorrhage with diagnostic certainty (eg, when considering anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy) requires neuroimaging.We note that Dr S. Kalantri and others reached the same conclusion after investigating the Siriraj and Guy's hospital stroke scores in a rural, tertiary care hospital. 1n response to their comment about classifying hemorrhages by volume and location, we agree this would have been useful, but unfortunately the data necessary to accomplish this were unavailable in the studies we reviewed.Future investigation of this question is certainly warranted.
A Novel High‐Speed Production Process to Create Modular Components for the Bottom‐Up Assembly of Large‐Scale Tissue‐Engineered Constructs
Authors: Omar F. Khan, Derek N. Voice, Brendan M. Leung, Michael V. Sefton
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

To replace damaged or diseased tissues, large tissue‐engineered constructs can be prepared by assembling modular components in a bottom‐up approach. However, a high‐speed method is needed to produce sufficient numbers of these modules for full‐sized tissue substitutes. To this end, a novel production technique is devised, combining air shearing and a plug flow reactor‐style design to rapidly produce large quantities of hydrogel‐based (here type I collagen) cylindrical modular components with tunable diameters and length. Using this technique, modules containing NIH 3T3 cells show greater than 95% viability while endothelial cell surface attachment and confluent monolayer formation are demonstrated. Additionally, the rapidly produced modules are used to assemble large tissue constructs (&gt;1 cm 3 ) in vitro. Module building blocks containing luciferase‐expressing L929 cells are packed in full size adult rat‐liver‐shaped bioreactors and perfused with cell medium, to demonstrate the capacity to build organ‐shaped constructs; bioluminescence demonstrates sustained viability over 3 d. Cardiomyocyte‐embedded modules are also used to assemble electrically stimulatable contractile tissue.
Inventing a new diagnostic test
Authors: P Sonksen, T O'Dowd, N Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - I was most interested in the article by Tom O'Dowd and Nick Bourne about their experience in technology transfer from university to industry.1 They failed to mention how they handle the problems of indemnity against product liability and proof of intellectual property rights and how they and their industrial partners share this. It would be most helpful if they could give us the benefit of their experience on these issues. 1. 1.↵1. O'Dowd TC, 2. Bourne N . Inventing a new diagnostic test for vaginal infection BMJ 1994;309:40-2. (2 July.) [OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2] # Authors' reply {#article-title-3} EDITOR, - We agree with Peter Sonksen that universities need to make sure that they have their act together … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DO%2527Dowd%26rft.auinit1%253DT%2BC%26rft.volume%253D309%26rft.issue%253D6946%26rft.spage%253D40%26rft.epage%253D42%26rft.atitle%253DInventing%2Ba%2Bnew%2Bdiagnostic%2Btest%2Bfor%2Bvaginal%2Binfection%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8044068%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=bmj&resid=309/6946/40&atom=%2Fbmj%2F309%2F6953%2F540.3.atom
Errors in text
Authors: David Schubert
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

It is curious that a respected medical journal would publish this discussion of GM food and other GM products (JRSM 2008;101:290–298) without at least some oversight related to the validity of the content.1 I view the promotion of GM food as directly analogous to the promotion of a new pharmaceutical product without any testing for safety. The only difference is that GM food could alter the health of a much larger population, and without any element of product choice. I will address three specific errors of fact and logic-there are many more.


‘GM plants undergo extensive safety testing’. This is absolutely false. In the US, while the GM food plants must go through the FDA for approval, there is NO REQUIRED safety testing: it is up to the producer, and if anything is done it is minimal. These has been essentially no long term animal toxicology on any GM product, something the medical community should be concerned about.2,3


‘GM crops consumed… with no reported ill effects’ – therefore they are safe. This statement is illogical and the conclusion is not valid. There is no assay and there is no epidemiology. If any GM food product did cause harm it would be impossible to pick up within the constant background of disease, particularly since in the USA, the biggest consumer, there are no labelling requirements. For an example of the necessary data to make a conclusion of harm, see Schubert.4


‘Increased yields’: there have been none with the current GM crops.5
The hepatitis C virus-associated dysmetabolic syndrome
Authors: Amedeo Lonardo, Paola Loria
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We did appreciate the formidable effort by Drs. Sheikh, Sanyal, and colleagues to provide a succinct and yet complete overview of the molecular mechansims involved in the development of insulin resistance in those with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.1 The reading of this article raises two major comments. First, the authors correctly point out HCV to be now viewed "to cause a metabolic syndrome". Indeed it is not the same metabolic syndrome (MS) as seen in HCV-negative individuals encompassing insulin resistance associated with altered body fat distribution, arterial hypertension, and disturbed glucose and lipid metabolism. In particular, although data are still preliminary, it would appear HCV features a specific HCV-associated dysmetabolic syndrome (HCADS) consisting of the triad of insulin resistance, hypocholesterolemia, and hepatic steatosis.2 At variance with the "true" MS, HCADS might therefore not feature obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension.2 The second comment, also strictly connected to the former, is that insufficient information is so far available on whether HCADS follows the same course as the MS. For instance, available data appear to support the theory that, similar to the true MS, HCADS is also associated with hepatic steatosis3, 4 and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.5 However, literature data on the risk of premature atherosclerosis in those individuals with HCADS are scant, somewhat contradictory, and more important, available studies are not comparable in terms of experimental design and population studied,2 so that this question remains open. While basic research discloses exciting new therapeutic strategies against HCV infection, clinical observations may well provide additional clues to highlight similarities and differences between the MS and HCADS. Such clinical observations may, in turn, indicate or contraindicate the use of drugs such as hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A inhibitors (statins). Statins, as the most popular cholesterol-lowering agents, are widely used in the MS and display in vitro anti-HCV properties.6 However, results from an in vivo pilot study with atorvastatin have been disappointing.7 Moreover, statins are familiar to the diabetologist but perhaps may still raise concern among those caring for (HCV) liver patients.8 In conclusion, we feel the combined efforts of the basic scientist together with clinical judgement will result in the generation of new ideas eventually conducive to the altered natural course of HCV infection, not only from a virological, but also from a metabolic point of view. Amedeo Lonardo*, Paola Loria*, * University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Modena, Italy.
Psychoanalysis and Human Values
Authors: Roy R. Grinker
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This book contains the transactions of the Academy of Psychoanalysis for 1959, including statements of the participants, but shortened and edited in an integrated book form. Many of the papers, however, are tangential to the problem of values so that the title refers only to parts 1 and 2. This collection of papers, including the ones directly concerned with values, is representative of the best kind of thinking in the analytic field. The reader should gain not only information about what is going on in psychoanalytic thinking, but also an idea of the purpose of the academy, so clearly stated in Dr. Silverberg's presidential address. Bibliographies are attached to most of the contributions, and there is a name and subject index at the back of the book. Although the scope of the work is tremendous, and the papers are by no means conclusive or definitive, this volume is important enough
The Influence of Differences in Hydration on Bone-to-Soft Tissue Ratios and Image Quality in Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: BURKHARD KLEMENZ, JUTTA KATZWINKEL, KLAUS P. KAISER, HELMUT J. WIELER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

This prospective study evaluated the effects of different amounts of fluid intake on the bone-to-soft tissue (B:ST) ratio and image quality of bone scans performed using Tc-99m MDP. One hundred sixty patients with no renal disease were divided into three groups with different degrees of hydration in liters (group 1, 0.25 I; group 2, 1 I; group 3, 1.5 I), and image quality was assessed with a semiquantitative score. The B:ST ratio was calculated over the femoral diaphysis and adductor area, respectively. No significant differences in the B:ST ratio or image quality were demonstrated in all three patient groups with median values of 1.90 (group 1), 1.93 (group 2), and 1.84 (group 3). A filled urinary bladder was associated with greater fluid intake. The B:ST and image quality were correlated directly with the postinjection time interval and inversely with age. When patients drink a large volume of fluid, B:ST ratios do not necessarily increase and bone scintigraphy image quality does not improve.
ON GROUP SPECIFIC A SUBSTANCES
Authors: K. Landsteiner, R. A. Harte
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

An investigation is presented on the A substance contained in swine stomach. Preparations made by several procedures, and largely consisting of carbohydrates, were found by means of the ninhydrin method of Van Slyke and his colleagues to contain amino acids accounting for the bulk of the non-hexosamine nitrogen. As a working hypothesis the idea is advanced that amino acid structures can play a rôle in the serological specificity of haptens consisting predominantly of polysaccharides.
Review: Adding an ACE inhibitor or ARB to CCB therapy reduces CCB-associated edema in patients with hypertension
Authors: KoKo Aung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Makani H, Bangalore S, Romero J, Wever-Pinzon O, Messerli FH. Effect of renin-angiotensin system blockade on calcium channel blocker-associated peripheral edema. Am J Med. 2011;124:128-35. 21295192
Infliximab therapy for sarcoidosis (lupus pernio)
Authors: H. Haley, W. Cantrell, K. Smith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology in which the primary cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α appears to play a major role. Older immune‐modulating drugs including corticosteroids, antimalarials and thalidomide, as well as cytotoxic drugs with immune modulatory effects, have been used to control disease. We present a patient with severe mutilating cutaneous sarcoidosis (lupus pernio) who had showed only partial response to courses of a wide spectrum of immune modulators and cytotoxic therapies, and who had developed significant side‐effects due to prolonged high‐dose corticosteroids. However, the patient's cutaneous disease responded rapidly to the TNF‐α inhibitor infliximab.
Two mutations in the locus control region hypersensitivity site-2 (5′HS-2) of haplotype 19 βs chromosomes alter binding oftrans-acting factors
Authors: J.C. Morgan, D.F. Scott, K.D. Lanclos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

There are five major haplotypes associated with sickle cell anemia (SS). Individuals homozygous for haplotypes 3 (Senegal) and 31 (Saudi Arabian) have high fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels (15 to 30% of total hemoglobin) whereas individuals homozygous for haplotypes 17 (Cameroon), 19 (Benin), and 20 (Bantu) have low HbF levels (1 to 10%). We previously identified several point mutations in the LCR 5'HS-2 that were specific for haplotype 19 beta s chromosomes (compared to the GenBank HUMHBB reference sequence, T-->G at position 8580, A-->G at position 8598, and A-->T at position 9114). We postulated that one or more of these mutations may alter the binding of specific trans-acting factors and ultimately affect the expression of HbF in these sickle cell patients. We performed gel mobility shift assays using 32P-end-labeled double-stranded 19mers corresponding to each of the LCR 5'HS-2 normal (GenBank) and mutant sequences. Nuclear extracts prepared from HeLa and HEL cells were used in our experiments and neither the normal nor mutant sequence at position 8580 bound trans-acting factors in either nuclear extract. The 8598 mutant increased binding of Sp1; using purified protein and both nuclear extracts. HEL extracts were used to quantify the increase in Sp1 binding to the 8598 mutation and we found an increase in binding of 66 and 47%, respectively, in two shifted bands. The 9114 mutation sharply decreased binding of an unknown trans-acting factor by 74%. This factor was present in both HeLa and HEL nuclear extracts.
Statistics, Smoking, and Health
Authors: Allan J. Wilke
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Hickey's<sup>1</sup>letter in the Sept 13, 1985, issue of<i>JAMA</i>must not go unanswered. Dr Hickey would have us believe that "cigarette smoking, for many persons, is symptomatic of a physiologic deficiency that nicotine tends to alleviate." He later draws a parallel between satisfying hunger by eating and ameliorating a biologic monoamine neurotransmitter shortage by smoking a cigarette. Thank goodness we were not treated to the analogy of a junkie ameliorating his lack of central nervous system opiate receptors by mainlining heroin! Cigarette smoking is an addiction. Like other addictions, it is associated with drug-seeking behavior and a well-described withdrawal syndrome. The sooner we begin to deal with tobacco abuse in these terms, the sooner we will be able to detoxify its victims. It is ironic that Dr Hickey's letter appeared in the same issue of<i>JAMA</i>as The Carter Center's report, "Closing the Gap."<sup>2</sup>
Differential permeability of the proximal and distal rabbit small bowel
Authors: Allan Ross, Allen W. Rubin, Julius J. Deren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The permeability of the proximal and distal rabbit intestine for two to six carbon polyhydric alcohols was compared. Intestinal segments were mounted in chambers that permitted the measurement of the unidirectional flux across the brush border membrane. For both proximal and distal intestine, the permeability for a series of polyhydric alcohols decreased with increasing size. The proximal intestine was more permeable for four, five, and six carbon polyhydric alcohols than distal intestine. This regional permeability difference can be attributed to variations in the permeability characteristics of the brush border specifically. The uptake of alcohols was nonsaturable and was not inhibited by phlorizine or n-ethylmaleimide. The results are compatible with the concept that the brush border membrane has properties similar to artificial porous membranes and that the equivalent radius of the pores of the proximal intestine exceeds that of the distal gut.
PROGRESS IN PHYSIOLOGY.
Authors: G. N. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1899)

with having placed in its hands new remedies, or old ones in new dress; it has endeavored to employ drugs and remedial measures other than drugs, not on the basis of pure empiricism, but rather on that of knowl¬ edge of the process of the disease and the physiologic action of the remedy, thereby changing the treatment from hypothetic art to at least an approximation of scientific study.Further, the fact that we can not tell how certain well-known remedies do good, depends on the second fact, that the pathologist can not tell us in what the disease consists.As compared to the knowledge of fifty years ago, the accuracy with which we can apply remedies to the cure of disease is extra¬ ordinary, and the discovery of the effect of quinin on
GW25-e0555 4-O-methylhonokiol prevent cardiac hypertrophy via suppression of lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity mice induced by high fat diet
Authors: Zhiguo Zhang, Shudong Wang, Shanshan Zhou, Xiaoqing Yan, Yang Zheng, Yi Tan, Lu Cai, Young Heui Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Sacral Root Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Refractory Urinary Urge Incontinence: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: E.H.J. Weil, J.L. Ruiz-Cerd&aacute;, P.H.A. Eerdmans, R.A. Janknegt, B.L.H. Bemelmans, Ph.E.V. van Kerrebroeck
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Dust Weight and Asthma Prevalence in the National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing (NSLAH)
Authors: Leslie Elliott, Samuel J. Arbes, Eric S. Harvey, Robert C. Lee, Päivi M. Salo, Richard D. Cohn, Stephanie J. London, Darryl C. Zeldin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Settled dust has been used in studies to assess exposures to allergens and other biologically active components, but it has not been considered in the aggregate in relation to respiratory health outcomes in the general population.We addressed whether total house dust weight, an index of total dust exposure, was associated with respiratory health outcomes in the National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing (1998-1999) (NSLAH).NSLAH was a cross-sectional survey designed to represent permanently occupied housing units in the United States. In each household, a questionnaire was administered and settled dust was vacuumed from five locations. Linear regression models were used to identify predictors of dust weight; logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between dust weight and asthma and wheeze.Dust weight samples were available for 829 households, and survey information was available for 2,456 participants (children and adults). Lower income, older homes, household pets, having a smoker in the house, and less frequent cleaning predicted higher dust weight levels in U.S. households. Higher levels of dust weight were associated with greater odds of current asthma and wheeze. The strongest associations were seen for wheeze [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21-3.28 for bedroom bed dust; OR = 2.81; 95% CI, 1.52-5.21 for upholstery dust). These associations persisted when adjusting for allergen and endotoxin exposures.Dust weight, an index of total dust exposure in the home, may contribute to respiratory outcomes independently of the exposure to specific components.
Conference Explores Ethics of Animal Research With Critical Thinking and Balanced Argument
Authors: Donald F. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE CONFRONTATION last month in Prince Georges County, Maryland, between AIDS activists and animal rights activists—resulting in the arrest of several of the former and reiterated demands for an end to biomedical research that involves animals by the latter—is a recent skirmish in an ongoing battle. The use of animals in research, testing, and teaching in the United States has increased greatly since it began in the late 1800s. Although such practices peaked in the 1970s and have been gradually decreasing in the United States, they are seen by many people as another example of technology-dependent science that has turned a deaf ear toward ethical and environmental concerns. At issue are such concerns as the degree of pain and suffering felt by non-human experimental subjects, the ecological consequences of removing higher-order animals from their communities, and the increasing use of genetic engineering without due consideration for the welfare of
Double Atrial and Atrioventricular Junctional Tachycardia
Authors: Stanley H. Wishner, John A. Kastor, Peter M. Yurchak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

CASES of double tachycardia (DT) have been infrequently reported.1 2 3 4 The association with digitalis toxicity and a poor prognosis are known. This rhythm is not rare in certain clinical settings, and, furthermore, proper diagnosis has an important bearing on patient survival.Material and MethodsOur eleetrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of DT were as follows: organized ectopic rhythms in atria and ventricles; and atrioventricular (AV) dissociation. No attempt was made to infer the origin of the atrial rhythm from altered P morphology.5 The ventricular mechanism was considered AV junctional when QRS complexes were identical in form to conducted beats on prior . . .
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis
Authors: Mark A. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read with interest Dr. Stead's views on the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in tuberculin-positive persons. The experience on the<i>USS Boston</i>presented inThe Journalsupports the long-held impression that a prior infection manifested by a positive tuberculin skin test provides considerable protection for those who are heavily exposed. In the group of 532 men studied in detail, 76 men (14.3%) were tuberculin-positive prior to the discovery of the first case of active disease aboard ship, and 209 men of the remaining 456 were tuberculinnegative and converted. Only two of the 76 of the men who were initially positive (2.6%) developed cli ical signs of active disease, while 16 of the 209 converters who were initially negative (7.7%) developed active pulmonary tuberculosis. By comparing similar groups of tuberculin-negative and tuberculin-positive, healthy, young adult men, subjected to the same heavy exposure in a closed environment, it appears