tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ACTION OF THE HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PA., MEDICAL SOCIETY.
Authors: Frank D. Green
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
T-Cell Coregulatory Molecule Expression in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic Correlations and Association with Survival
Authors: Stephen A. Boorjian, Yuri Sheinin, Paul L. Crispen, Sara A. Farmer, Christine M. Lohse, Susan M. Kuntz, Bradley C. Leibovich, Eugene D. Kwon, Igor Frank
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Aberrant expression of T-cell coregulatory molecules has been investigated as a mechanism by which certain cancers may evade host immune surveillance. We evaluated expression of the T-cell coregulators B7-H1, B7-H3, and PD-1 in urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the bladder. Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry for B7-H1, B7-H3, and PD-1 was done on paraffin-embedded sections from 318 consecutive patients with UCC who underwent radical cystectomy. Expression was correlated with clinicopathologic outcomes and postoperative survival. Results: B7-H3 was widely expressed in UCC, as 222 of 314 (70.7%) tumors showed positive staining. Expression of B7-H3 in UCC was significantly increased compared with adjacent, nontumor urothelium, as a median of 70% of tumor cells expressed B7-H3, compared with 20% of cells in nontumor specimens (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The increase in B7-H3 expression was independent of tumor stage (P = 0.13). Expression of B7-H1 by UCC tumors (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and PD-1 by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (P = 0.012) were significantly associated with increased pathologic stage. Patients who had received intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin before cystectomy tended to show increased expression of B7-H3 (P = 0.023) and PD-1 (P = 0.071) but were less likely to express B7-H1 (P = 0.027). Moreover, for the subset of patients with organ-confined disease (n = 167), B7-H1 expression independently predicted all-cause mortality after cystectomy (hazard ratio, 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.74-5.79; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions: B7-H3 is highly expressed in UCC across tumor stages, whereas B7-H1 and PD-1 expression are associated with advanced disease. B7-H1 expression predicts mortality after cystectomy for patients with organ-confined tumors. These molecules may represent novel diagnostic or prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets, for patients with UCC.
Modulation of neointimal lesion formation by endogenous androgens is independent of vascular androgen receptor
Authors: Junxi Wu, Patrick W. F. Hadoke, Iris Mair, Win Gel Lim, Eileen Miller, Martin A. Denvir, Lee B. Smith
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Low androgen levels have been linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Previous studies have suggested that androgens directly inhibit atherosclerotic lesion formation although the underlying mechanisms for this remain unclear. This study addressed the hypothesis that endogenous androgens inhibit arterial remodelling by a direct action on the androgen receptor (AR) in the vascular wall.We studied a series of novel mouse lines with cell-specific deletion of the AR in either the endothelium or in smooth muscle cells or both cell types. Findings were compared with a model of global androgen deficiency in wild-type mice (castrated). We characterized the cardiovascular phenotype, vascular pharmacology and histology, and assessed neointimal lesion formation following vascular injury to the femoral artery. Cell-specific AR deletion did not alter body weight, circulating testosterone levels or seminal vesicle weight, but caused limited alterations in arterial contractility and blood pressure. Neointimal lesion formation was unaltered by selective deletion of AR from the vascular endothelium, smooth muscle, or both cell types. Castration in wild-type mice increased neointimal lesion volume (Sham vs. Castration: 2.4 × 10(7) ± 4.5 × 10(6) vs. 3.9 × 10(7) ± 4.9 × 10(6) µm(3), P = 0.04, n = 9-10).Vascular cell-specific AR deletion had no effect on neointimal lesion formation, while low systemic androgen levels adversely affect neointimal lesion size. These findings suggest that the cardio-protective effects of androgens are mediated either by AR outside the vasculature or by AR-independent mechanisms.
Rapid Improvement of Acute Schizophrenia Symptoms After Intravenous Sodium Nitroprusside
Authors: Jaime E. C. Hallak, Joao Paulo Maia-de-Oliveira, Joao Abrao, Paulo R. Evora, Antonio W. Zuardi, Jose A. S. Crippa, Paulo Belmonte-de-Abreu, Glen B. Baker, Serdar M. Dursun
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

The treatment of schizophrenia remains a challenge, and the currently available antipsychotic drugs are slow acting and produce a number of adverse effects.To examine the effectiveness and safety of a single intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside (0.5 μg/kg/min for 4 hours) on the positive, negative, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.Single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed from March 9, 2007, to March 12, 2009.University teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.Twenty inpatients aged 19 to 40 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who were in the first 5 years of the disease who are taking antipsychotics.Sodium nitroprusside administration.The 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.After the infusion of sodium nitroprusside, a rapid (within 4 hours) improvement of symptoms was observed. The placebo and experimental groups had significant differences in the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total score and subscale scores, which persisted for 4 weeks after infusion.The results clearly show a therapeutic effect of sodium nitroprusside. If this drug is approved for routine clinical use in patients with schizophrenia, this discovery will be an important advance in the pharmacologic treatment of this devastating disorder.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01548612.
Mechanism of excessive purine biosynthesis in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
Authors: Leif B. Sorensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Certain gouty subjects with excessive de novo purine synthesis are deficient in hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HG-PRTase [EC 2.4.2.8]). The mechanism of accelerated uric acid formation in these patients was explored by measuring the incorporation of glycine-(14)C into various urinary purine bases of normal and enzyme-deficient subjects during treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol. In the presence of normal HG-PRTase activity, allopurinol reduced purine biosynthesis as demonstrated by diminished excretion of total urinary purine or by reduction of glycine-(14)C incorporation into hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid to less than one-half of control values. A boy with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome was resistant to this effect of allopurinol while a patient with 12.5% of normal enzyme activity had an equivocal response. Three patients with normal HG-PRTase activity had a mean molar ratio of hypoxanthine to xanthine in the urine of 0.28, whereas two subjects who were deficient in HG-PRTase had reversal of this ratio (1.01 and 1.04). The patterns of (14)C-labeling observed in HG-PRTase deficiency reflected the role of hypoxanthine as precursor of xanthine. The data indicate that excessive uric acid in HG-PRTase deficiency is derived from hypoxanthine which is insufficiently reutilized and, as a consequence thereof, catabolized inordinately to uric acid. The data provide evidence for cyclic interconversion of adenine and hypoxanthine derivatives. Cleavage of inosinic acid to hypoxanthine via inosine does not contribute significantly to the formation of uric acid in either normal man or in patients with HG-PRTase deficiency.HG-PRTase was not completely absent in red blood cells from a boy with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome; with hypoxanthine as substrate, the activity in erythrocyte hemolysates was 0.64% of normal values.
Company plans to sell snuff as "smokeless tobacco"
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A major US tobacco manufacturer, US Smokeless Tobacco, is planning to launch an advertising campaign that will exploit anti-smoking bans across the country.

The company is the largest producer of snuff—smokeless tobacco—in the United States. In the wake of tobacco related litigation settlements and negative publicity surrounding cigarette smoking, the company has produced a snuff that does not make the user spit. It wants to market the product as …
Detection of patients at risk for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm by P wave-triggered signal-averaged electrocardiogram.
Authors: M Fukunami, T Yamada, M Ohmori, K Kumagai, K Umemoto, A Sakai, N Kondoh, T Minamino, N Hoki
Journal: Circulation (1991)

To determine whether patients at risk for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation could be detected while in sinus rhythm, the signal-averaged electrocardiogram triggered by P waves was recorded in 42 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (Paf group) and in 50 control patients. The root mean square voltages (LP10, LP20, and LP30) for the last 10, 20, and 30 msec and the duration (Ad) of filtered (40-300 Hz) P wave of the spatial magnitude were measured. LP10 and LP20 were significantly lower in the Paf than in the control group (LP10, 1.92 +/- 0.58 versus 2.49 +/- 0.78 microV, p less than 0.001; LP20, 2.47 +/- 0.78 versus 3.46 +/- 1.20 microV, p less than 0.0001), although no significant difference in LP30 was found between groups. Ad was also significantly longer in the Paf than in the control group (137.0 +/- 14.3 versus 118.6 +/- 11.3 msec, p less than 0.001). These differences between the Paf and control groups remained significant even after dividing by the presence or absence of organic heart diseases. The criteria of "LP20 = 3.5 microV or less" and "Ad greater than 120 msec" as defining "atrial late potential" gave a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 76%. These findings suggest that patients at risk for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation could be detected while in sinus rhythm by using the P wave-triggered signal-averaged electrocardiogram.
1042 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase ALA9VAL polymorphism and phenotypic expression of hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: L VALENTI, P DONGIOVANNI, E MANGANO, A FRACANZANI, E FATTA, C BERTELLI, G SANTORELLI, S FARGION
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) refers to several inherited disorders of iron metabolism leading to tissue iron overload. Classical HH is associated with mutations in HFE (C282Y homozygotes or C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes) and is almost exclusively found in populations of northern European descent. Non-HFE–associated HH is caused by mutations in other recently identified genes involved in iron metabolism. Hepcidin is an iron regulatory hormone that inhibits ferroportin-mediated iron export from enterocytes and macrophages. Defective hepcidin gene expression or function may underlie most forms of HH. Target organs and tissues affected by HH include the liver, heart, pancreas, joints, and skin, with cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus representing late signs of disease in patients with markedly elevated liver iron concentration. Recently, we have encountered the rare representation of this disease of the oral cavity associated with generalized burning sensation of the tongue. The diagnosis was established accidently, from the lab investigations, otherwise the patient was healthy and free from classical signs and symptoms of the disease. The patient was adequately treated by phlebotomy. To conclude, all patients with a chief complaint of burning sensation of the oral cavity and tongue should be adequately screened for hereditary hemochromatosis to prevent the associated mortality and morbidity with the hemochromatosis.
Impact of Abciximab and stents on outcomes and economics in a community hospital
Authors: C.L. Lucore, R.V. Trask, G.J. Mishkel, R.L. Kacich, K.J. Rocha-Singh, H.W. Moses, F.L. Mikell, M.E. Shelton, R.W. Ligon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Genetic basis of human complement C4A deficiency. Detection of a point mutation leading to nonexpression.
Authors: G Barba, C Rittner, P M Schneider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The fourth component of the human complement system (C4) is coded for by two genes, C4A and C4B, located within the MHC. Null alleles of C4 (C4Q0) are defined by the absence of C4 protein in plasma. These null alleles are due either to large gene deletions or to nonexpression of the respective genes. In a previous study, evidence was obtained for nonexpressed defective genes at the C4A locus, and for gene conversion at the C4B locus. To further characterize the molecular basis of these non-expressed C4A genes, we selected nine pairs of PCR primers from flanking genomic intron sequences to amplify all 41 exons from individuals with a defective C4A gene. The amplified products were subjected to single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to detect possible mutations. PCR products exhibiting a variation in the SSCP pattern were sequenced directly. In 10 of 12 individuals studied, we detected a 2-bp insertion in exon 29 leading to nonexpression due to the creation of a termination codon, which was observed in linkage to the haplotype HLA-B60-DR6 in seven cases. In one of the other two individuals without this mutation, evidence was obtained for gene conversion to the C4B isotype. The genetic basis of C4A nonexpression in the second individual is not yet known and will be subject to further analysis.
Prevalence of Infective Ova of Toxocara Species in Public Places
Authors: O. A. Borg, A. W. Woodruff
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Out of a total of 800 soil samples from public places all over Britain ova of Toxocara species were found in 24.4%. Ova from 20 samples were incubated and active embryos developed in all; these were fed to eight mice and active larvae were later recovered from the livers of six. Some children living near these parks had become infected with toxocara. Clearly more control of pollution of public places by dogs and cats is needed.
Papillomavirus Antigens in Anorectal Condyloma and Carcinoma in Homosexual Men
Authors: Anthony A. Gal
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and vulva has been associated with infection by human papillomavirus. Recent epidemiologic studies have observed more anal carcinoma among single than married men. To investigate this association between human papillomavirus and squamous proliferative lesions of the anus, we studied eight homosexual or bisexual men with recent diagnoses of anorectal carcinoma and six older patients of unknown sexual orientation with similar diagnoses 20 to 30 years ago. Using an immunohistochemical stain for papillomavirus, we found evidence of its presence in the carcinomas of five (63%) of the eight homosexual men and in two (33%) of the six older patients. Only one homosexual patient had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In the possibly immunocompromised patient, human papillomavirus antigen is present in anorectal dysplasia and carcinoma.
The Ottawa Statement on the ethical design and conduct of cluster randomised trials: precis for researchers and research ethics committees
Authors: M. Taljaard, C. Weijer, J. M. Grimshaw, M. P. Eccles
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Cluster randomised trials have unique features that complicate the application of standard ethics guidelines for research. The Ottawa Statement on the ethical design and conduct of cluster randomised trials was developed to provide detailed guidance to researchers, research ethics committees, regulators, and sponsors as they seek to fulfil their respective roles. This article describes the development of the Ottawa Statement and outlines key implications for researchers and research ethics committees.
Immune Interventions in Disease
Authors: JOHN L. FAHEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Three therapeutic areas of clinical immunology that have seen active development recently are immunopharmacology of immunosuppressive drugs; clinical use of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-interferons and interleukin-2; and monoclonal antibody applications in marrow transplantation and antitumor therapy. Understanding of the immune regulatory systems and of the soluble factors that convey information between immune and related cells (for example, lymphokines and cytokines and their receptors) has improved substantially. New information about established immunosuppressive drugs and the introduction of new drugs are providing new opportunities for effective treatment of autoimmune diseases and improved effectiveness of organ transplantation. Clinical trials are evaluating the use of interleukin-2 in immunodeficiency disorders and neoplastic disease. Monoclonal antibodies, which have been successfully applied to diagnostic procedures, have been shown to be useful for therapeutic applications in marrow transplantation and antitumor treatment.
ABC of psychological medicine: Delirium
Authors: T M Brown, M F Boyle
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Delirium is a common cause of disturbed behaviour in medically ill people and is often undetected and poorly managed. It is a condition at the interface of medicine and psychiatry that is all too often owned by neither. Although various terms have been used to describe it—including acute confusional state, acute brain syndrome, and acute organic reaction delirium is the term used in the current psychiatric diagnostic classifications and the one we will use here. Delirium usually develops over hours to days. Typically, the symptoms fluctuate and are worse at night. The fluctuation can be a diagnostic trap, with nurses or relatives reporting that patients had disturbed behaviour at night whereas doctors find patients lucid the next day. Impaired cognitive functioning is central and affects memory, orientation, attention, and planning skills. Impaired consciousness, with a marked variability in alertness and in awareness of the environment is invariably present. A mistaken idea of the time of day, date, place, and identity of other people (disorientation) is common. Poor attention, and disturbed thought processes may be reflected in incoherent speech. This can make assessment difficult and highlights the need to obtain a history from a third party. Relatives or other informants may report a rapid and drastic decline from premorbid functioning that is useful in distinguishing delirium from dementia. Disturbed perception is common and includes illusions (misperceptions) and hallucinations (false perceptions). Visual hallucinations are characteristic and strongly suggest delirium. However, hallucinations in auditory and other sensory modalities can also occur. #### Diagnostic criteria fordelirium*
Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction through an ephexin1-dependent mechanism
Authors: Wing-Yu Fu, Yu Chen, Mustafa Sahin, Xiao-Su Zhao, Lei Shi, Jay B Bikoff, Kwok-On Lai, Wing-Ho Yung, Amy K Y Fu, Michael E Greenberg, Nancy Y Ip
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2006)
Heparin as a Pharmacologic Intervention to Induce Positive Scintiscan in Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: TAPAN K. CHAUDHURI, MARK BRANTLY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The value of using heparin as a pharmacologic intervention to induce a positive scintiscan was studied in a patient with chronic occult gastrointestinal bleeding. When all standard diagnostic tests (upper and lower gastrointestinal series, upper and lower endoscopy, and conventional noninterventional Tc-99m RBC imaging) fail to detect and localize gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient who has definite clinical evidence (guaiac positive stool and dropping hemoglobin, hematocrit) of chronic occult gastrointestinal oozing, heparin may be used (with proper precaution) as a last resort to aid in the scintigraphic detection and localization of chronic occult gastrointestinal bleeding.
P712Imatinib counteracts hypoxia-induced human vascular smooth muscle cell migration through LRP1-pPyK2-MMP-9 axis impairment
Authors: E Revuelta-Lopez, J Castellano, D De Gonzalo Calvo, L Badimon, V Llorente-Cortes
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose. Hypoxia-related vascular diseases are associated with an imbalance in vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is essential to promoting human VSMCs (hVSMCs) migration under hypoxic conditions since this receptor is a crucial player in hypoxia-induced proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) phosphorylation and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation. Imatinib is a small molecule that blocks BCR/ABL oncogene. Recent studies showed a protective effect of Imatinib on atherosclerosis.The aim of this work was to study the effect of Imatinib in LRP1-pPyk2-MMP-9 axis activation and hVSMC migration induced by hypoxia in human VSMC.