tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NIAID Expands Network for Vaccine and Treatment Research
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adeno-associated virus serotypes 7 and 8 outperform serotype 9 in expressing atheroprotective human apoE3 from mouse skeletal muscle
Authors: Vanessa C. Evans, Ian R. Graham, Takis Athanasopoulos, Deborah J. Galley, Christopher L. Jackson, Jonathan Paul Simons, George Dickson, James S. Owen
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Vascular neutral endopeptidase inhibition improves endothelial function and reduces intimal hyperplasia
Authors: M BARBER, M KANAGASUNDARAM, C ANDERSON, L BURRELL, R WOODS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11) metabolises endogenous vasoactive peptides that may protect against atherogenesis. Since NEP is found in the adventitia of arteries, we investigated the anti-atherogenic effects of chronic adventitial NEP inhibition.Intimal hyperplasia of rabbit carotid arteries was induced by placement of soft, non-occlusive, peri-arterial silastic collars. NEP localisation was studied with autoradiography 7 and 14 days after collar placement. Vascular NEP was inhibited in vivo by local superfusion of one collared carotid artery with Candoxatrilat (50 pmol/h), for 7 days (n = 7). The contralateral collar was filled with saline vehicle. After 7 days, ring segments of collared and normal (proximal to the collar) arteries were obtained and in vitro functional measurements, immunohistochemical determination of the pro-atherogenic factor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), localization of macrophages and morphometric analyses were carried out.Vascular NEP radiolabelled substrate binding, mainly in the media, was increased by approximately 50% after 7 days (n = 5; p < 0.05) and by approximately 300% after 14 days of collar placement (n = 5; p < 0.05). Compared with normal artery segments from the same animal, vehicle-filled collared sections displayed significantly impaired vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (endothelium-independent vasodilatation was preserved), increased PAI-1 immunostaining, macrophage accumulation and intimal thickening. In Candoxatrilat-treated collared arteries, vasorelaxation to acetylcholine was improved, along with reductions in PAI-1 levels, macrophage numbers and intimal area (all p < 0.05).Enhancing the activity of local, endogenous peptides by adventitial inhibition of vascular NEP may protect against early atherogenesis. This is of particular relevance to using adventitial therapies to prevent intimal hyperplasia leading to restenosis.
Biofeedback and Hypertension
Authors: James Ciarcia, Hoyle Leigh
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

A review of the history and recent directions in the treatment of essential hypertension by direct biofeedback is presented. Current instrumentation and techniques as well as the status of biofeedback in the treatment of hypertension and the follow-up of previous studies is presented. Given the current uncertain status of biofeedback and behavioral treatment of hypertension, the authors present speculation of putative subgroups of essential hypertensives with respective biochemical markers and possible selective behavioral treatments for these respective subgroups of central nervous system hypertensives.
Dose‐ranging, placebo‐controlled study of cetirizine nasal spray in adults with perennial allergic rhinitis
Authors: P. Clement, M. H. W. Roovers, C. Francillon, P. Dodion
Journal: Allergy (1994)

A total of 360 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were randomized in a placebo‐controlled, dose‐finding study comparing three concentrations (0.06%, 0.125%, and 0.25%) of a cetirizine nasal spray, administered three times a day for 2 weeks. The primary criterion of efficacy was the percentage of days with no or only mild symptoms of rhinitis (PDMax1), as evaluated by the patients. The median PDMax1 were 16.7%, 30.8%, 42.9% and 26.7% for the placebo, 0.06%, 0.125%, and 0.25% groups, respectively. Although the global comparison among the four groups only approached statistical significance ( P = 0.076), the difference (26.2%) between the placebo and 0.125% groups was clinically and statistically significant ( P = 0.011). For the global evaluation by the investigator, the best results were seen in the 0.125% group ( P = 0.03). The occurrence of adverse events did not differ among the four treatment groups and consisted mainly of nasal events, occurring in 22.5%, 17.1%, 12.9%, and 24.4% of the patients for the placebo, 0.06%, 0.125%, and 0.25% groups, respectively ( P =0.184). These results indicate that the 0.125% concentration is significantly better than placebo and offers the best therapeutic ratio.
History of Adrenal Virilism
Authors: M. Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Morphine loses analgesic potency after repeated administration. The underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Glia are thought to be involved in morphine tolerance, and P2X<sub>7</sub> purinergic receptor (P2X<sub>7</sub>R) has been implicated in neuron–glia communication and chronic pain. The present study demonstrated that P2X<sub>7</sub>R immunoreactivity was colocalized with the microglial marker OX42, but not the astrocytic marker GFAP, in the spinal cord. The protein level of spinal P2X<sub>7</sub>R was upregulated after chronic exposure to morphine. Intrathecal administration of Brilliant Blue G (BBG), a selective P2X<sub>7</sub>R inhibitor, significantly attenuated the loss of morphine analgesic potency, P2X<sub>7</sub>R upregulation, and microglial activation. Furthermore, RNA interference targeting the spinal P2X<sub>7</sub>R exhibited a similar tolerance-attenuating effect. Once morphine analgesic tolerance is established, it was no longer affected by intrathecal BBG. Together, our results suggest that spinal P2X<sub>7</sub>R is involved in the induction but not maintenance of morphine tolerance.
Prognostic factors and scoring systems in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a retrospective analysis of 213 patients
Authors: Francesco Onida, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Terry L. Smith, Greg Ball, Michael J. Keating, Elihu H. Estey, Armand B. Glassman, Maher Albitar, Monica I. Kwari, Miloslav Beran
Journal: Blood (2002)
Effect of Vitamin C on Serum Cholesterol in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia and Arteriosclerosis
Authors: PAUL SAMUEL, OLYA B. SHALCHI
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The daily oral administration of 1 Gm., 2 Gm., 4 Gm., and 6 Gm. of vitamin C for 5 to 16 weeks to 14 patients with hypercholesterolemia (300 mg. per cent or higher) and arteriosclerosis, failed to alter the concentration of serum cholesterol in all but one patient. This finding is in contradiction to previously reported Russian studies.
Early Recurrence of Obstructive Jaundice after Placement of a Self-Expanding Metal Endoprosthesis
Authors: P. Fockens, I. Waxman, P. H. P. Davids, K. Huibregtse, G. N. J. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

Self-expanding metal endoprostheses have been used in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice for a few years. We report on a patient with obstructive jaundice due to a metastasis of a squamous cell lung cancer into the pancreatic head who received an expandable metal endoprosthesis and suffered recurrent jaundice and cholangitis after 38 days. On repeat ERCP, a very narrow stenosis was seen in the stent lumen caused by tumor ingrowth through the mesh. Intraluminal biopsies showed squamous cell carcinoma. A 10 Fr plastic endoprosthesis was inserted through the self-expanding stent with good drainage. On the basis of this experience, we feel that when faced with a patient with obstructive jaundice due to metastatic disease from a rapidly progressive carcinoma, the use of the currently available self-expanding metal endoprosthesis should be discouraged until the results of prospective studies with large numbers of patients have proven its superiority over the plastic endoprostheses. Meanwhile, modifications to prevent tumor ingrowth through the mesh of the stent are under investigation.
Localization of Tc-99m-MDP in Amyloidosis of the Breast
Authors: GAREY L. McLELLAN, JOHN H. STEWART, SUPPIAH BALACHANDRAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Visualization of amyloid deposition in breasts by bone scanning agent Tc-99m-MDP is presented. Marked deposition of amyloid in the intercellular spaces between fat cells is believed to be responsible for the appearance seen on the bone scan of this patient.
Abstract 4735: Stem cells like phenotype of inflammatory breast cancer and locally advanced breast cancer: increased expression of sox2 and oct3/4 contributes to poor response to treatment and reduced survival rates
Authors: Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri, Abeer Bahnassy, Ahmed E. El-Bastawisy, Hanan R. Nassar, Neveen M. Elhady, John Effat
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) with poor response to treatment or metastasis in one-third of patients at presentation. The aggressive behavior of IBC was attributed to the cancer stem cell (CSC) component in these tumors. We assessed the correlation between CSC markers in IBC, LABC and the aggressive behavior of these tumors compared to invasive duct carcinoma (IDC-NOS). Methods: CD44, CD90, CD133, nestin, SOX2 and OCT4 RNA and proteins expression were assessed in 30 cases of IDC-NOS, IBC and LABC (each) using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Markers expression was correlated to patients' characteristics, response to treatment, 4 years- overall and progression free survival (OS&amp; PFS) . Results: The expression levels in IBC and LABC was as follows: (CD44; 70%&amp; 26.3%, p=0.003), (CD90; 49.2%&amp; 28.1%, p=0.06), (CD133; 66.7%&amp; 26.3%, p=0.006), (OCT4; 70%&amp; 26.6%, p=0.004), (SOX2: 63.3%&amp; 30%, p=0.02) and (Nestin; 53.3%&amp; 31%, p=0.08). The difference in the expression levels of all studied markers between IDC-NOS and the other two groups was statistically significant (p.value: &amp;lt;0.05- &amp;lt;0.001). A significant relation was reported between the expression levels of SOX2, OCT-4 and the clinical response in IBC and LABC (p&amp;lt;0.01). PFS significantly correlated with SOX2 and OCT4 expression (p=0.045) in IBC, whereas OS correlated with OCT4 in IBC and LABC (0.034&amp; 0.04) Conclusions: The aggressive phenotype of IBC and LABC could be attributed, at least partially, to the presence of CSC populations in these tumors. Therefore, CSC markers represent Interesting candidates for targeted therapy for this resistant type of breast tumors. Citation Format: Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri, Abeer Bahnassy, Ahmed E. El-Bastawisy, Hanan R. Nassar, Neveen M. Elhady, John Effat. Stem cells like phenotype of inflammatory breast cancer and locally advanced breast cancer: increased expression of sox2 and oct3/4 contributes to poor response to treatment and reduced survival rates. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4735. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4735
Lymphocytes genetically modified to express tumor antigens target DCs in vivo and induce antitumor immunity
Authors: Vincenzo Russo, Arcadi Cipponi, Laura Raccosta, Cristina Rainelli, Raffaella Fontana, Daniela Maggioni, Francesca Lunghi, Sylvain Mukenge, Fabio Ciceri, Marco Bregni, Claudio Bordignon, Catia Traversari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The exploitation of the physiologic processing and presenting machinery of DCs by in vivo loading of tumor-associated antigens may improve the immunogenic potential and clinical efficacy of DC-based cancer vaccines. Here we show that lymphocytes genetically modified to express self/tumor antigens, acting as antigen carriers, efficiently target DCs in vivo in tumor-bearing mice. The infusion of tyrosinase-related protein 2-transduced (TRP-2-transduced) lymphocytes induced the establishment of protective immunity and long-term memory in tumor-bearing mice. Analysis of the mechanism responsible for the induction of such an immune response allowed us to demonstrate that cross-presentation of the antigen mediated by the CD11c(+)CD8alpha(+) DC subset had occurred. Furthermore, we demonstrated in vivo and in vitro that DCs had undergone activation upon phagocytosis of genetically modified lymphocytes, a process mediated by a cell-to-cell contact mechanism independent of CD40 triggering. Targeting and activation of secondary lymphoid organ-resident DCs endowed antigen-specific T cells with full effector functions, which ultimately increased tumor growth control and animal survival in a therapeutic tumor setting. We conclude that the use of transduced lymphocytes represents an efficient method for the in vivo loading of tumor-associated antigens on DCs.
Urea formaldehyde foam insulation may be banned
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

There may be a nationwide ban on urea formaldehyde foam building insulation by midsummer. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission has voted three to two for such a ban, but there must be formal publication of the proposal in the<i>Federal Register</i>, a 60-day period for public comment, and finally another vote by the commissioners. The earliest the final vote could be taken would be late July. The ban is being proposed because since 1978 the commission has received some 1,600 complaints of acute health problems that are believed to be associated with formaldehyde use in homes and other buildings. Patients have complained of eye, nose, and throat irritation, coughing, dyspnea, dizziness, epistaxis, eczema-like rashes, and headaches, among other things (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1980;243:1697-1703; 1981;245:243-246, 267-268). More than 1,000 complaints concerned urea formaldehyde foam insulation, which is believed to have been installed in more than 500,000 US homes in the
Mechanism of cell death during warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats: Apoptosis or necrosis?
Authors: Jaspreet S. Gujral, Thomas J. Bucci, Anwar Farhood, Hartmut Jaeschke
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Reperfusion injury can cause liver dysfunction after cold storage and warm ischemia. Recently it has been suggested that more than 50% of hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) are undergoing apoptosis during the first 24 hours of reperfusion. The aim of our study was to quantify apoptotic and necrotic hepatocytes and apoptotic SEC after 60 or 120 minutes of warm, partial no–flow ischemia and 0 to 24 hours reperfusion in male SD rats. Apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL assay in combination with morphological criteria. After 60 minutes of ischemia and 1 hour of reperfusion there was a significant increase of apoptotic hepatocytes (0.7 ± 0.1% vs. 0.3 ± 0.1% in controls) and SEC (1.5 ± 0.6% vs. 0.3 ± 0.1% in controls). The number of apoptotic SEC and hepatocytes was not different from controls at 6 hours or 24 hours of reperfusion. In contrast, the number of necrotic hepatocytes was quantified as 12 ± 2% at 1 hour, 34 ± 6% at 6 hours, and 57 ± 11% at 24 hours. These results correlated with the increase in plasma ALT levels at these time points. Longer (120 min) ischemia times did not affect the number of apoptotic cells but increased hepatocellular necrosis to 58 ± 4% at 6 hours reperfusion. No significant increase in caspase–3 activity and processing was detectable in any of these livers. Moreover, the caspase inhibitor Z–Asp–cmk (2 mg/kg IV) had no significant effect on reperfusion injury. Our results suggest that only a small minority of SEC and hepatocytes undergo apoptosis after 60 to 120 minutes of warm ischemia followed by 0 to 24 hours of reperfusion. Oncotic necrosis appears to be the principal mechanism of cell death for both cell types.
Complications of congenital melanocytic naevi in children: analysis of 16 years’ experience and clinical practice
Authors: V.A. Kinsler, W.K. Chong, S.E. Aylett, D.J. Atherton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Congenital melanocytic naevi (CMNs) can be associated with abnormalities of the cental nervous system (CNS) and/or with melanoma. Quoted incidences for these complications vary in the literature, as do recommendations for investigations and follow‐up.
Negligence of medical experts
Authors: Raymund Carroll, Richard G Notley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Reduction in mortality from breast cancerDecrease with screening was marked in younger age group Editor-Based on a complicated statistical model, Olsen et al reported that the breast cancer mortality in Copenhagen dropped by 25% for women aged 50-79 when comparing mortality in the screening period (1991-2001) with a pre-screening period (1981-91) and claimed that this decrease was caused by screening. 1According to Statistics Denmark, 217 breast cancer deaths occurred in Copenhagen in the age group 35-54 years in the period 1981-90 and 196 deaths in 1991-2000. 2By comparing these data with those in the article by Olsen et al we calculate that less than 5% of the breast cancer mortality in this age group is caused by tumours diagnosed after age 50 years when women were invited to screening.The number of exposure years increased from about 484 000 to about 538 000.This gives a significant 19% (age adjusted) reduction in breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.No reduction at all occurred in the age group 55-79. 2Our estimates are based on raw and complete data.In contrast, the estimates in the paper by Olsen et al are sensitive to exclusion of data and model choice.In Copenhagen a drop in breast cancer mortality may reflect a higher fertility quotient due to non-Western immigration, fewer nulliparous women, and other non-screening related factors.It is therefore strange that no causal note was made by Olsen et al on the marked decrease in the breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.
DRAINAGE VERSUS RADICAL OPERATION FOR SUPPURATION IN THE FEMALE PELVIS.
Authors: CHARLES P. NOBLE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

It is my purpose in this communication to contrast the field of application of drainage with that of radical operation in the treatment of suppuration in the female pelvis. Recently I reported<sup>1</sup>my entire experience with the various operations which have been practiced for the treatment of suppuration in the female pelvis. This paper covered so wide a field that it was impossible to discuss in detail all the advantages and disadvantages of the drainage operation. In this communication I propose to discuss more fully not only the merits of the drainage operation, but also its limitations. The chief field for the drainage operation is in cases of large pelvic abscesses in patients acutely ill and in those prostrated from long-continued suppuration. The drainage operation in this class of cases gives a mortality of 2 per cent, as contrasted with one of 25 per cent, or more by abdominal section.
OPERATIVE OR NONOPERATIVE PROCEDURES FOR UTERINE FIBROIDS
Authors: Frederick P. Bornstein
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Reference is made to the article "Operative Vs. Nonoperative Procedures for Uterine Fibroids," by Robert T. Frank (J. A. M. A.<b>140</b>:1001-1008 [July 23] 1949). In this article Dr. Frank advocates supravaginal hysterectomy in the treatment of fibromyomas of the uterus, mainly because he never has seen carcinoma arising in the stump. This doctrine is too dangerous to be left uncontradicted. In the material of our comparatively small hospital in the last two years we have treated forty-three histologically proved carcinomas of the cervix, seven of which arose in cervices left after supravaginal hysterectomy. While this material may not be statistically significant, it shows that the remaining cervical stump represents a definite danger to life, and this danger should be weighed carefully against the local discomfort encountered in a certain percentage of patients who have undergone complete hysterectomy.
Chromoblastomycosis caused by Chaetomium funicola: a case report from Western Panama
Authors: M. Piepenbring, O.A. Cáceres Mendez, A.A. Espino Espinoza, R. Kirschner, H. Schöfer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Little is known about opportunistic fungi causing skin lesions in tropical countries such as Panama. We report an 83-year-old man from Chiriquí, Western Panama, with crusted skin lesions covering tumorous masses resembling Bowen's disease of the skin on the dorsum of his right hand. Fungal cultures were obtained on different nutrient media from disinfected superficial skin scrapings and fragments taken from a deep skin biopsy. Deep skin biopsy showed the presence of globose, dark fungal cells in the upper and lower dermis, sometimes in abscesses or giant cells, indicating chromoblastomycosis. All fungal fragments plated on nutrient media yielded colonies of Chaetomium funicola which was identified based on morphological observations and molecular sequence data of large ribosomal subunit rDNA. Treatment with fluconazole was ineffective. Further treatments could not be applied because of the patient's advanced age, low compliance, and limited resources in a rural, tropical environment. For the first time, C. funicola is confirmed as an opportunistic fungus causing superficial and deep cutaneous lesions. Up to now, the only known clinical record of this species is a tentative identification as an agent of deep mycosis.
Recording of diastolic slope with catheters during junctional rhythm in humans.
Authors: R J Hariman, J A Gomes, N El-Sherif
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Junctional diastolic slopes were recorded in 11 of 15 patients (73.3%) with junctional rhythm that occurred spontaneously, after intravenous administration of atropine (1 mg), or during carotid sinus massage. The diastolic slopes were recorded through a unipolar lead consisting of a terminal of an electrode catheter placed in the His bundle area paired with an indifferent terminal on the superior vena cava. The slope of these diastolic deflections -0.18 +/- 0.06 m V/sec (mean +/- SD). Overdrive atrial and ventricular stimulations were followed by slowing of the junctional rate and decrease in the diastolic slope. Strong negative correlations (r values from -.71 to -.95) were found between the junctional cycle lengths and the diastolic slopes after atrial or ventricular pacing. Carotid sinus massage decreased the junctional rate and the junctional diastolic slope, whereas atropine increased the junctional rate and the junctional diastolic slope. Since prolongation of junctional cycle lengths after atrial pacing did not depend on frequency of impulse penetration into the His bundle, we postulate that the junctional pacemaker responsible for the junctional rhythm in some of our patients was in the N region of the AV node. Application of this recording method should help in the identification and characterization of automatic junctional pacemakers.