tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Mercurial Poisoning Simulating Acute Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis*
Authors: J. WILLIAM HINTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 June 1931Chronic Mercurial Poisoning Simulating Acute Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis(Report of a Case)J. WILLIAM HINTON, M.D., F.A.C.S.J. WILLIAM HINTON, M.D., F.A.C.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-12-1545 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAttention has been called during the past few years to the fact that heavy metals often cause acute toxic hepatitis which may produce symptoms quite similar to infection and calculi of the biliary tract. Arsenic, lead and mercury are the metals most frequently found in the hepatic changes and Vogel2has stressed the importance of examining the urine of all jaundiced patients for arsenic. In his paper it is interesting to find that in 40 jaundiced patients 34, or 85 per cent, contained arsenic in the urine, and in 9 out of 34 cases in which arsenic and jaundice occurred...Bibliography1 EDITORIAL: Journal of the American Medical Association, June 14, 1930. Vol. 94, No. 24. Google Scholar2 VOGEL K: "The Significance of Arsenic in the Excretions." American Journal of the Medical Sciences, August, 1928. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 MYERSTHRONE CNB: "The Relation of Arsenic to Public Health." New York State Journal of Medicine, July 15, 1929. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. WILLIAM HINTON, M.D., F.A.C.S.Affiliations: New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital Bellevue Hospital New York City*I wish to thank Dr. Carl G. Burdick, Director of the Fourth Surgical Division, Bellevue Hospital, for the privilege of reporting this case. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1931Volume 4, Issue 12Page: 1545-1550KeywordsArsenicBiliary systemCholedocholithiasisHeavy metalsHepatitisInfectious hepatitisUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
Leukocyte colony‐forming cells in the peripheral blood of children with hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Robert M. Weetman, Arnold J. Altman, W. Joseph Rierden, Jay L. Grosfeld, Robert L. Baehner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract Increased numbers of committed leukocyte precursor cells were observed in the peripheral blood of children with hereditary spherocytosis in a study that made use of the in vitro leukocyte colony‐forming technique. Five children with hereditary spherocytosis had increased numbers of peripheral blood colony‐forming unit cells (CFUc) before splenectomy (range 8.7‐27.2 CFUc/10 6 cells/plate; normal range 0‐5 CFUc/10 6 cells/plate), but no CFUc were found 24‐120 hours after splenectomy. Six additional cases of hereditary spherocytosis (presplenectomy) had increased CFUc in their peripheral blood (range 7.5‐61.3 CFUc/10 6 cells/plate). Three patients with other hemolytic anemias associated with increased hematopoietic activity also had increased peripheral blood CFUc values. Five cases of hereditary spherocytosis were studied two or more months after splenectomy and generally had normal numbers of CFUc in their blood (range 0‐6.4 CFUc per 10 6 cells/plate). In all spleens there was evidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Four patients with elliptocytosis and one patient with hereditary spherocytosis, all with intact spleens, had normal numbers of peripheral blood CFUc. These studies document increased peripheral blood CFUc in hereditary spherocytosis with hemolytic anemia of moderate severity and implicate the degree of hematopoietic stress as a factor in the regulation of increased CFUc emerging from the bone marrow in these patients. As an indicator of hematopoietic stress, an elevated reticulocyte count may reflect to some degree the presence of increased CFUc circulating in the peripheral blood of unsplenectomized hereditary spherocytosis patients.
TREATMENT OF THE INSANE.
Authors: S. V. CLEVENGER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

stand how diseases of the skin give rise to conjunctival and corneal disease from extension by continuity and similarity of structure.A case of neuritis with resultant atrophy has been seen after extensive erup- tions on the scalp.Erysipelas may affect the optic nerve when attended by orbital cellulitis, with atrophy following.Enormous thickening of the chiasm and nerve has been found at the autopsy in a case of elephantiasis.10. Miscellaneous.-Exposure to cold is a common cause given by patients to almost every affection.It is possible that this may be the exciting cause of an acute exacerbation of previously existing disease, which may determine optic atrophy.Sunstroke, exposure to continuous heat, light and high alti- tude or climatic conditions are certainly very rare causes.We sometimes see cases of well pronounced atrophy in which in neither the history nor in the examination are we able to find a sufficient, apparent original or exciting cause.Conclusions.-Opticnerve atrophy occurs in gen- eral diseases usually as a result of direct irritation from their toxins, causing inflammation with resultant interstitial changes or through necro-biotic changes in the blood vessels affecting the nutrition of the nerve and retina.A certain proportion of cases are due to trauma and to actual lesions which cause press- ure on the nerve or interfere with its nutrition through ambolic processes.Although many cases are of apparently obscure origin, in the majority it is possi- ble to demonstrate a sufficient exciting cause.
Clinical Application of Fluorescence Imaging of Liver Cancer Using Indocyanine Green
Authors: Norihiro Kokudo, Takeaki Ishizawa
Journal: Liver Cancer (2012)

Recently, fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) has been applied to hepatobiliary surgery, not only to visualize the bile ducts, but also to identify liver cancer during surgery. In this technique, ICG is administered intravenously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight for routine liver function testing before surgery. Intraoperatively, liver cancer can be readily identified by fluorescence imaging on the liver surface before resection and on the cut surface of the resected specimen. This is achieved by visualizing fluorescence from the area of impaired bile excretion in hepatocellular cancer tissue and in the liver parenchyma surrounding metastatic liver cancers. Liver cancer navigation surgery, first developed in Japan, is also possible, and it represents one of the few fluorescence imaging techniques for cancer that have reached the stage of clinical application; with further developments in basic research, fluorescence imaging is expected to become an indispensable technique for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.
Fibrinogen as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Authors: Edzard Ernst
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Purpose: To evaluate the possibility that fibrinogen represents a cardiovascular risk factor. Data Identification: A computerized literature search (1980 to 1992) identified all published epidemiologic studies on fibrinogen and cardiovascular disease. Clinical and basic research data were found by separate searches. References of all papers thus obtained were studied and relevant papers included. Study Selection: Six prospective epidemiologic studies were included in a meta-analysis (one study was excluded because the study population was nonrepresentative). Clinical papers were reviewed separately for other evidence of causation. Data Extraction: The correlation of fibrinogen levels on the subsequent incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial occlusive disease was assessed and the causality of the association was analyzed. Calculations were made to examine fibrinogen level (in tertiles) versus cardiovascular risk. Odds ratios of high versus low tertile were computed. Results of Data Analysis: All prospective studies showed that fibrinogen was associated with subsequent myocardial infarction or stroke. A total of 92 147 person-years was covered by these investigations. Odds ratios varied between 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.5) in the Framingham and 4.1 (CI, 2.3 to 6.9) in the GRIPS study, with a summary odds ratio of 2.3 (CI, 1.9 to 2.8). Associations existed between fibrinogen and other cardiovascular risk factors, but after multivariate analysis, only the association between fibrinogen and cardiovascular events remained. The majority of the preconditions for causality were fulfilled, indicating that fibrinogen is pathophysiologically related to cardiovascular events. Conclusions: Fibrinogen can be considered a major cardiovascular risk factor. Future studies of cardiovascular morbidity and death should include this variable.
Stiffness of the Wrists
Authors: Carl V. Granger
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  InQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS( 203 :814, 1968) the problem of stiffness of the wrists after a night's sleep was raised.  These symptoms are often due to the carpal tunnel syndrome (compression of the median nerve at the wrist). Paresthesia in the fingers is often reproduced by tapping the median nerve at the wrist (Tinel's sign) or maintaining the wrist in a position of extreme flexion (Phelan sign). 1 Measurement of the conductivity of motor and sensory fibers of the median nerve by electrodiagnostic methods is a more precise means for confirmation of the diagnosis. 2
Enhanced Secretion and Uptake of β-Glucuronidase Improves Adeno-associated Viral-Mediated Gene Therapy of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII Mice
Authors: Susan S. Elliger, Carl A. Elliger, Chen Lang, Gordon L. Watson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Previous treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII mice (Sly syndrome) with AAV vectors has resulted in increased levels of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) enzyme in some tissues with reduction of glycosaminoglycan storage granules and improved health. By adding coding sequences for secretion (Igkappa) and uptake (HIV-1 TAT) signals to the GUS gene delivered by AAV, and treating mice both intrathecally and intravenously as newborns, we have increased the GUS enzyme levels in more tissues and have improved the health of the mice so much that they are able to breed. The levels of GUS in the serum were above normal in some mice, which caused reduction of storage in the spleen, a nontransduced tissue. The heart and aorta showed therapeutic levels of GUS enzyme. AAV GUS DNA was found in brain and liver, which showed no storage. Phenotypically the treated mice were more active and showed less stunted skeletal growth. The pups born to these mice were not affected by the gene therapy, as shown by mutant levels of GUS enzyme in their tissues and the absence of AAV GUS DNA. However, they were resistant to intravenous treatment with AAV GUS due to the mother's antibodies, but not to intrathecal treatment.
Abstract 1790: Functional importance of EpCAM for the activity of tumor-initiating cancer cells and their eradication by EpCAM/CD3-bispecific antibody MT110
Authors: Markus Münz, Ines Herrmann, Matthias Friedrich, Alexander Murr, Peter Kufer, Patrick A. Baeuerle, Tobias Raum
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have recently shown that tumor-initiating cells (TICs) derived from colorectal cancer tissue express EpCAM and can be eradicated in cell culture experiments as well as established xenograft mouse models by EpCAM/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody MT110 (Hermann et al., 2010; PLoS ONE, 5: e13474). Here we show that TICs derived from liver and breast cancer tissue grow tumors in SCID mice at cell doses as low as 100 after a latency period of 37-58 days. Like colorectal cancer tissue-derived TICs, they expressed EpCAM and grew colonies in soft agar. In the presence of human T cells, breast and liver cancer-derived TICs could be eradicated by BiTE antibody MT110 as tested in a sensitive soft agar assay. In order to assess the role of EpCAM expression in colorectal TICs, we used short hairpin RNA molecules for specifically knocking down EpCAM expression. A shRNA molecule binding to the coding, non-translated 3’-UTR of the EpCAM mRNA showed the highest efficacy (ca 10-fold) in suppressing EpCAM expression, as shown at the mRNA level by RT-PCR and at the surface expression level by FACS analysis. Although the EpCAM knockdown was not complete and left ca 10% of the normal EpCAM expression, a strong impact on the phenotype of colorectal TICs was observed. Morphologically, TICs with reduced EpCAM expression adopted in cell culture an epithelial-like phenotype, could no longer efficiently close a scratch in a cell culture experiment, and reduced the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins such as fibronectin, vimentin and slug. Compared to non-sense control shRNA, colony formation of TICs in soft agar was reduced by &amp;gt;60%. Most importantly, the tumor-initiating potential of TICs appeared to depend on a high level of EpCAM expression. TICs expressing the EpCAM-specific shRNA could no longer form a tumor at a dose of 500 cells after 116 days, whereas the non-sense shRNA-expressing TICs formed during this period a tumor of 0.5 cm3. Our data suggest that a certain EpCAM expression level is required for maintenance of a stem cell-like phenotype of colorectal TICs. This is consistent with a signal transducing role of EpCAM within a non-canonical wnt pathway (Maetzel et al. 2009; Nature Cell Biol. 11: 162-171), and in the process of EMT of colorectal cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1790. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1790
Preface to Second Review Issue on Breast Cancer
Authors: Mark N. Levine, Patricia A. Ganz, Eleftherios P. Mamounas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

It is almost 2 years since the Journal’s first Review Issue on breast cancer was published. Since that time there have been many advances in the field, and it is our pleasure to bring you the second issue on breast cancer. This time, we used a different format. In the first edition, we included state-of-the-art reviews with accompanying commentaries. In this edition, the focus is on the former type of article only. Some of the topics covered previously are now updated, describing research advances and changes in practice. Examples include endocrine therapy for premenopausal and postmenopausal women; imaging of operable breast cancer; controversies related to sentinel node biopsy; and biomarkers for prognosis and predicting therapy. In addition, here we cover important new topics that were not incorporated into the first edition, including survivorship issues related to premature menopause, fatigue, cognitive disturbances, and follow-up care. Finally, to discuss the evolving and challenging area of preoperative chemotherapy, we capitalized on the opportunity of soliciting manuscripts from authors who participated in a National Cancer Institute–sponsored symposium on preoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer, which occurred in March 2007. The resulting Review Issue is a marvelous compendium of 17 articles on a full range of topics in breast cancer. We are grateful of the work of the authors, and we wish you pleasant reading!
NATIONALIZATION OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
Authors: Rosslyn Earp
Journal: JAMA (1928)

To the Editor:  —May I draw attention to a tendency of book critics—a tendency which finds occasional expression even in the columns ofThe Journal—to nationalize medical science. It is well illustrated in a review (The Journal, January 7, p. 54) of a book that is written by an American surgeon with one chapter by an English surgeon. The critic says, Few surgeons  agree with the unorthodoxies of the former or that they are not likely to be endorsed by other observers. But the heresies of the latter will hardly be accepted by American scientists (italics mine). This distinction might, of course, be due to false modesty on the part of the critic; but I fear, from having noticed it rather frequently, that it is the result of a sort of convention. You  agree, I am sure, that such a convention is deplorable. Whatever excuse there may
Radioimmunotherapy for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Jonathan W. Friedberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

The survival of patients with follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma has not significantly changed in the past 30 years, and the disease remains essentially incurable [(1)][1] . The recent introduction of monoclonal antibody-based therapies may change this sobering statistic. Rituximab, an anti-CD20–
Essential role of stromally induced hedgehog signaling in B-cell malignancies
Authors: Christine Dierks, Jovana Grbic, Katja Zirlik, Ronak Beigi, Nathan P Englund, Gui-Rong Guo, Hendrik Veelken, Monika Engelhardt, Roland Mertelsmann, Joseph F Kelleher, Peter Schultz, Markus Warmuth
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
In vitro effects of lymphoblastoid interferon on lymphocyte activation and cell-mediated cytolysis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: G.J.M. Alexander, K.T. Nouri-Aria, J. Neuberger, M. Bakhtiar, W. Vogel, M.G. Anderson, S. Magrin, A.L.W.F. Eddleston, R. Williams
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1986)
MICROEMBOLIZATION PREDICTS SUBCLINICAL MYONECROSIS AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Sylvia Otto, Maria Seeber, Buntaro Fujita, Markus Ferrari, Hans R. Figulla, Tudor C. Poerner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Size Matters
Authors: William D. McMillan, Natalia A. Tamarina, Maria Cipollone, David A. Johnson, Michele A. Parker, William H. Pearce
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Despite a wealth of data detailing increased metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and activity in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), no studies examine the relationship between aortic size and MMP-9 expression. Because elastolysis occurs early in AAA formation, we hypothesized that MMP-9 expression would vary with aortic diameter. The purpose of this study was to measure MMP-9 mRNA levels in AAAs of various diameters and define the relationship between AAA size and MMP-9 expression.MMP-9 mRNA levels were measured by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using gene-specific external standards with cDNA from AAAs (n= 19) and normal aortas (n=4). Levels were normalized to GAPDH mRNA, determined separately via competitive PCR, to control for efficiency of reverse transcription. AAA size was measured on CT scans obtained within 6 weeks of surgery. MMP-9/GAPDH mRNA transcript levels in AAAs were expressed as mean+/-SEM and analyzed by ANOVA with a Tukey adjustment. There was a fourfold elevation in MMP-9/GAPDH mRNA transcript levels in 5.0- to 6.9-cm AAAs (98.06+/-15.19) compared with small (3.0- to 4.9-cm) AAAs (20.87+/-5.15, P<.03), large (>7-cm) AAAs (27.16+/-14.56, P<.01), or normal aortas (3.57+/-1.13, P<.003). The results did not change when they were normalized to patient height, nor were there significant differences in risk factors, age, or sex in each AAA group.MMP-9 mRNA expression is significantly higher in moderate-diameter (5- to 6.9-cm) AAAs than either small (<4.0-cm) or large (>7.0-cm) AAAs. Increased MMP-9 expression may account for the propensity of AAAs >5 cm to continue to expand, in contrast to smaller aneurysms. Lower levels in AAAs >7 cm suggest that increases in other enzymes or in diameter-dependent mechanical stress on the aortic wall are responsible for their characteristic rapid expansion and high rupture rates.
EU will ban tobacco adverts from 2001
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A nine year campaign to ban tobacco advertising and sponsorship within the European Union is nearing its end. The necessary legislation, which will start to come into force in June 2001, is due to be approved by the European parliament on 12 May. Britain's health secretary, Frank Dobson, welcomed the move.

The text has already won the support of EU governments …
Requiring doctors to take part in continuing medical education doesn't improve heart attack care
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Although 34 of the 50 states in the United States require doctors to complete some continuing medical education each year, this requirement does little to improve the outcomes of patients with myocardial infarctions or to increase the use of proved treatments.

The main effect is to increase the use of thrombolytic agents manufactured by drug companies that often sponsor educational events, says a study from Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina presented at the American College of Cardiology meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Dr Manesh Patel, a cardiology fellow at Duke Clinical Research Institute, told the BMJ …
Rituximab maintenance obviates the poor prognosis associated with circulating lymphoma cells in patients with follicular lymphoma
Authors: Clémentine Sarkozy, John Francis Seymour, Christophe Ferme, Dolores Caballero, Hervé Ghesquieres, Sirpa Leppa, Richard Delarue, Lars Moller Pedersen, Christiane Mounier, Maria Gomes Da Silva, Catherine Chassagne-Clement, Marie Maerevoet, Gilles Salles
Journal: Blood (2014)
Isolated lichen planus of the lip
Authors: P.H. ITIN, P. SCHILLER, L. GILLI, S.A. BUECHNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Summary Oral lichen planus ((LP) is a relatively common disorder of unknown aetiology. Oral LP occurs most often on the buccal mucosa, but the gingivae, tongue, floor of the mouth, retromalar pads and lips may also be affected. Usually, patients have multiple sites of involvement. We report a 44-year-old patient with a 5-year history of isolated swelling of the lower lip. erosions and crusting. Histology of a biopsy from the lip revealed features of LP. Oral treatment with acitretin and low-dose steroid led to complete resolution of the lesions within 10 weeks. This is the first well-documented case of isolated LP of the lip. Diagnostic difficulties and differential diagnosis are reviewed.
Circumpapillary Retinal Ridge in the Shaken-Baby Syndrome
Authors: Kittisak Kulvichit
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The discussion in Images in Clinical Medicine by Hylton and Goldberg (July 8 issue) 1 implies that the circumpapillary retinal ridge is pathognomonic for the shaken-baby syndrome.This belief was widely held among ophthalmologists, pediatricians, and forensic pathologists until it was recently challenged. 2,3Two studies used a process associated with evidence-based medicine to evaluate the premise that the perimacular retinal fold is diagnostic of shaken-baby syndrome.Both studies found that such a presupposition was not supported by solid scientific evidence.Since a diagnosis of shaken-baby syndrome can lead to serious conse-quences, doctors should be cautious when using the circumpapillary retinal ridge as the sole criterion for this diagnosis.