tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medicine and Health Care in South Africa
Authors: S.R. Benatar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The invitation to describe briefly health and medical care in South Africa — a large country that has inhabitants with a wide range of socioeconomic, educational, and cultural backgrounds and that is torn apart by internal strife and internationally vilified for its immoral policies — is a daunting challenge. The policies of apartheid pervade and taint every aspect of life in this country, including all efforts and achievements of individuals and institutions toward eliminating racially discriminatory practices and delivering health care equitably. Apartheid is indefensible. It has had serious adverse effects on health and human dignity.1 2 3 This much is beyond . . .
A piece of my mind. March music
Authors: T. J. Sammon
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intensive five-drug antiretroviral therapy regimen versus standard triple-drug therapy during primary HIV-1 infection (OPTIPRIM-ANRS 147): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Antoine Chéret, Georges Nembot, Adeline Mélard, Caroline Lascoux, Laurence Slama, Patrick Miailhes, Patrick Yeni, Sylvie Abel, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, Alain Venet, Marie-Laure Chaix, Jean-Michel Molina, Christine Katlama, Cécile Goujard, Catherine Tamalet, François Raffi, Alain Lafeuillade, Jacques Reynes, Isabelle Ravaux, Bruno Hoën, Jean-François Delfraissy, Laurence Meyer, Christine Rouzioux
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2015)
The Karpas AIDS Cell Test compared with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibody to the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2)
Authors: I. Dal Conte, A. Lucchini, G. Giuliani, L. Ayres, M.F. Avillez, D. Gilgen, A. Karpas
Journal: Journal of Infection (1988)
Peak expiratory flow monitoring is not a reliable method for establishing the diagnosis of occupational asthma.
Authors: S Quirce, G Contreras, A Dybuncio, M Chan-Yeung
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

This is a study of the reliability of peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring using a portable computerized peak flow meter, the VMX Mini-log, in 17 subjects referred for suspected occupational asthma. Subjects were requested to monitor their PEF six times daily using the VMX Mini-Log for 2 wk at work and at least 10 d away from work. They were unaware that their readings were stored by the flow meter in addition to the digital readout. Four subjects (22%) were unable to complete the monitoring. The results recorded by the subjects were compared with the results recorded by the VMX. Of those who completed the monitoring, only 55.3% of the records were completely accurate in terms of the value and the timing of the measurements, 23.3% were inaccurate either in terms of the recorded value or of the timing of the measurement, and the remainder were fabricated results (not recorded by the Mini-Log). Our results suggest that PEF monitoring using ordinary peak flow meters for assessment of work-relatedness of asthma has limitations and is not reliable.
Academic medicine: who is it for?
Authors: Jogenananda Pramanik
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Detoriorating teaching standards in academic medicine have raised deep concerns all over the world.1,2 Although several highly qualified people have been appointed to high positions in the academic medicine departments of several colleges, not much improvement has been shown over the years.

Teachers are born with a talent, but others can learn teaching skills through rigorous practice and training. The teaching profession has been losing its glory and dignity in recent years because academic medicine is becoming rapidly commercialised. Hire and fire systems are becoming common. Medical teachers need to sacrifice their lucrative practising career to join a teaching post in a medical school.

Hardly any systems of teaching training and evaluation are in place, only students' feedback and individual complaints. Most of the efficient medical teachers cannot tolerate the behaviour of the authorities, find better opportunities, and leave. Frequent changes in teaching patterns by different newcomers result in confusion. Ultimately students suffer.3

Teaching jobs in academic medicine are full of humiliations, dishonour, financial constraints, insecurities, and finally lack of job satisfaction. Non-physician teachers discourage physician teachers from continuing in the teaching profession. Most of the teaching posts in basic medical science are filled with non-physician teachers. Medical students have trouble in coping with two forms of teaching materials and do not perform well in medical school examinations or during their clinical rotations.

We need to develop a group of teachers for training the medical teachers. Berwick in his editorial rightly said that we will meet in the developing world a level of will, skill, and constancy that may put ours to shame. We may find ourselves not the teachers we thought we were, but students of those who work under circumstances that would have stopped us long ago.4
International Atlas of AIDS
Authors: Thomas Monson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
768 IN VITRO ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF IDX320, A NOVEL AND POTENT MACROCYCLIC HCV PROTEASE INHIBITOR
Authors: L.B. Lallos, J. Mccarville, B. Li, J.P. Bilello, M. Lacolla, J. Jakubik, M.A. Soubasakos, J. Gillum, I. Serra, L. Hubbard, A. Bonin, M. Seifer, M. Liuzzi, C. Parsy, D. Surleraux, D.N. Standring
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Educational interventions are unlikely to work because obese people aren't unhappy enough to lose weight
Authors: P. Dolan, G. Kavetsos
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The “obesity epidemic” is unquestionably a major public health concern because obesity increases the chance of contracting many adverse health conditions and premature death. To date, nothing has reversed the ever increasing trend in obesity. One important and interesting question is why more people do not lose weight. This is somewhat puzzling considering the adverse effects that obesity has on people’s health. But although obesity can cause health problems, it does not necessarily make people feel worse in the absence of such problems. In fact, reports suggest that obesity has little effect on subjective wellbeing—basically, happiness.

Although there are ongoing debates about the merits of subjective wellbeing measures as a guide to policy making (for example, in valuing health states),1 2 such measures are useful in assessing how people are affected by their circumstances, experiences, and behaviours.3 We are much more likely to care about something that makes us feel worse off now as opposed to in the future, …
Abstract 1379: Impact of tumor blood flow modulation on sensitivity of 9L gliosarcoma xenografts to the bioreductive drug, AQ4N
Authors: Eugene Manley, David J. Waxman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The bioreductive drug AQ4N is reduced enzymatically under hypoxic conditions to yield AQ4, a cytotoxic metabolite and topoisomerase II inhibitor. This study tests the hypothesis that the two electron reductase DT-diaphorase (NQO1) contributes to AQ4N reduction and that modulation of tumor hypoxia increases AQ4N activity in vivo. A panel of human and rodent tumor cells was assayed for AQ4N sensitivity under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (0.1% O2 for 24 hr), followed by 3 days culture under normoxia without drug. 9L rat gliosarcoma and H460 lung carcinoma, but not 10 other tumor cell lines, exhibited substantially higher (≥ 8 fold) AQ4N sensitivity under hypoxic culture conditions. Investigation of the impact of the DT-diaphorase inhibitors dicumarol and flavone-8-acetic acid on AQ4N cytotoxicity and examination of the cell line dependence of DT-diaphorase protein expression indicated that this enzyme does not contribute to AQ4N cytotoxicity. Next, we investigated whether AQ4N chemosensitivity could be increased by modulating tumor hypoxia in s.c. 9L and H460 tumors implanted in immunodeficient mice. In mice treated with the vasodilator hydralazine, tumor hypoxia was significantly increased in 9L, but not H460 tumors, as determined by pimonidazole staining. Hydralazine also decreased tumor perfusion to a greater extent in 9L tumors than H460 tumors, as judged by uptake of Hoechst 33342. However, hydralazine-induced 9L tumor hypoxia did not increase AQ4N mediated tumor growth delay, in either scid or nude mouse models. Furthermore, combination of AQ4N treatment with inhibition of VEGF receptor-dependent angiogenesis, which increases tumor hypoxia in 9L xenografts, did not augment anti-tumor activity beyond that of VEGF receptor inhibition alone. These findings suggest that the enhancement of AQ4N cytotoxicity in these tumors requires a level of tumor hypoxia that is more extensive or prolonged that can be achieved using these vasodilators and anti-angiogenic agents. Supported in part by NIH grant CA49248 (to D.J.W.). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1379.
Mary Lorraine Whiteside (née Stringer)
Authors: Trevor Whiteside
Journal: BMJ (2006)

General practitioner Newtownabbey, County Antrim, Northern Ireland (b Belfast 1955; q Queen's University, Belfast, 1979; DCH, MRCOG, MRCGP), died from metastatic breast cancer on 9 October 2005.

Lorraine joined Notting Hill Medical Practice over 20 years ago and soon became a valued partner. She had many attributes and skills in obstetrics, diabetic treatment, and forensic medical work, and was a great asset to the practice. She leaves a husband, Trevor, and two daughters.
Reviews and Notes: Investigating Disease Patterns: The Science of Epidemiology
Authors: Matthew Zack
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 February 1996Reviews and Notes: Investigating Disease Patterns: The Science of EpidemiologyMatthew Zack, MD, MD, MPHMatthew Zack, MD, MD, MPHCenters for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-3-199602010-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail PD Stolley and T Lasky. 242 pages. New York: WH Freeman; 1995. $32.95. ISBN 0-7167-5058-9. Order phone 800-877-5351.Six boys playing by their homes near a forest along the Connecticut River come down with arthritis within a few months of each other. Young women in New Mexico report severe muscle pains, fatigue, skin rashes, and neurologic symptoms. Seven hundred men slowly suffocate soon after digging a tunnel in West Virginia. Young black men in the United States die of homicide more often than of any other cause. Women in the United States are much more likely than women elsewhere to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1996Volume 124, Issue 3Page: 376KeywordsCholeraEpidemiologyInfectious disease epidemiologyPopulation densityPopulation statisticsRashesRiversTrypanosomaVeinsVibrio cholerae ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Inflammatory Pseudopolyposis in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Glen M Arluk, Perry J Pickhardt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 63-year-old woman with a history of Crohn's disease presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea, findings consistent with a flare of her disease. One week after treatment with infliximab, she returned with worsening abdominal symptoms. An abdominal radiograph (Panel A) showed colonic dilatation and intraluminal polypoid filling defects that suggested the presence of innumerable inflammatory pseudopolyps. (In contrast, “thumbprinting” due to submucosal edema has a more uniform haustral distribution.) Colonography by means of volume-rendered computed tomography with an intraluminal perspective (virtual colonoscopy) (Panel B) generated the endoscopic appearance of inflammatory pseudopolyposis. Polyposis syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis, could give . . .
Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated osteoclastogenesis is mediated by tumor necrosis factor via its P55 receptor.
Authors: Y Abu-Amer, F P Ross, J Edwards, S L Teitelbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Chronic bone infection, as attends periodontitis, is often complicated by severe osteolysis. While LPS is believed to be central to the pathogenesis of the osteolytic lesion, the mechanisms by which this bacteria-derived molecule promotes bone resorption are unknown. We find that LPS induces bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) to express c-src, a protooncogene product that we demonstrate is a specific marker of commitment to the osteoclast phenotype. We next turned to possible soluble mediators of LPS-induced c-src. Of a number of osteoclastogenic cytokines tested, only TNF-alpha mirrors the c-src-enhancing effect of LPS. Suggesting that LPS augmentation of c-src is TNF-mediated, endotoxin sequentially induces BMM expression of TNF, followed by c-src. TNF and c-src expression, by cultured BMMs derived from LPS-injected mice, reflects duration of exposure to circulating endotoxin, intimating that endotoxin's effect in vivo is also mediated by TNF. Consistent with these findings, thalidomide (which antagonizes TNF action) attenuates c-src induction by LPS. An anti-TNF antibody blocks LPS enhancement of c-src mRNA, validating the cytokine's modulating role in vitro. Using BMMs of TNF receptor-deleted mice, we demonstrate that TNF induction of c-src is transmitted through the cytokine's p55, but not p75, receptor. Most importantly, LPS administered to wild-type mice prompts osteoclast precursor differentiation, manifest by profound osteoclastogenesis in marrow cultured ex vivo, and by a profusion of marrow-residing cells expressing the osteoclast marker tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, in vivo. In contrast, LPS does not substantially enhance osteoclast proliferation in mice lacking the p55TNF receptor, confirming that LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis is mediated by TNF in vivo via this receptor. Thus, therapy targeting TNF and/or its p55 receptor presents itself as a means of preventing the osteolysis of chronic bacterial infection.
ROENTGEN RAYS IN THE TREATMENT OF LUPUS VULGARIS.
Authors: H. W. VAN ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In presenting this important subject I shall endeavor to be as concise as possible, speaking from the standpoint of the radiologist rather than that of the dermatologist. I will strive to demonstrate two distinct methods of treatment, each applicable to a certain condition of the disease and not to another. Inability to effect a cure when the one method, which for certain forms of the disease would be correct, is used on another form is, I believe, the cause of some reported failures. Freund reported cases treated in 1897 with success, and in 1900 P. M. Jones, of California, reported very fully his work along this line. Thus we see the length of time the x-ray has been used in this disease is considerable, and it should have been placed on an established technic. The diagnosis in my cases rested on microscopic findings in more than half the cases, and
Clinical-Competence Testing
Authors: ALVIN L. URELES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 September 1972Clinical-Competence TestingALVIN L. URELES, M.D.ALVIN L. URELES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-3-476 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In reference to the special article, "The New Procedure for Evaluating the Clinical Competence of Candidates to be Certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine," by Drs. Petersdorf and Beck (Ann Intern Med 76:491-496, 1972), I should like to make some comment.It has been of some concern to those of us going over the evaluation form that the formdoes notinclude an evaluation of the candidate's "Sensitivity and Compassion With Patients and Family." This category should refer to his "manner" in dealing with patients, his attention to their psychological and social needs, and the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALVIN L. URELES, M.D.Affiliations: The University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1972Volume 77, Issue 3Page: 476-477 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 3316: CD44High head and neck cancer cells demonstrate increased cell growth and chemotherapeutic resistance
Authors: Arthur W. Wu, Saroj K. Basak, Chi Lai, Mysore S. Veena, Marilene B. Wang, Eri S. Srivatsan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a tumor made up of a heterogeneous population of cancer cells. Differences in individual cell phenotype may extrapolate to clinical behavior at the tumor level. CD44 is a cell surface marker highly expressed in putative cancer stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) for the CD44 cell surface marker isolates a population of HNSCC cells with increased growth rate, colony forming ability, and chemoresistance. Methods: FACS was used to isolate CD44High and CD44Low cells from the HNSCC cell line SCC1. CD44High, CD44Low and unsorted cells were compared with respect to cell growth using the MTT assay for 8 days. They were also seeded into agar and grown for 6 weeks to determine colony forming potential. Sorted and unsorted cells were also compared for their sensitivity to cisplatin (20 µM). Live cells were measured using the MTT assay and compared to untreated cells at the same time point in order to calculate relative growth rates. Additionally, SCC1 cells were analyzed using FACS with and without cisplatin to determine changes in the population of CD44High cells. Primary tumor specimens and normal controls were analyzed for various cancer stem cell markers via immunohistochemistry. Results: CD44High SCC1 cells grew the fastest in culture with CD44Low cells growing significantly slower. Unsorted cells had a similar growth rate to CD44High cells, which is not surprising given that CD44High cells made up roughly 60% of the total population. CD44High cells in soft agar developed significantly more colonies with a larger average colony size after 6 weeks in culture compared to unsorted and CD44Low cells. CD44High SCC1 cells also were less sensitive to cisplatin with no difference in cell growth between treated and untreated cells. Using FACS to analyze unsorted cells after treatment with cisplatin, we observed enrichment in the CD44High cell population. Control non-cancer specimens demonstrated expression of p16 with low levels of BMI and CD44 on immunohistochemical analysis. Poorly differentiated HNSCC tumors demonstrated absence of p16, high BMI, and high CD44. Conclusion: The cell surface marker CD44 is expressed in a subset of HNSCC cells that have higher growth rates, tumorogenicity, and resistance to chemotherapy. These HNSCC stem cells may be the reason for resistance and recurrence. Understanding the mechanism behind their specific phenotype will be valuable in advancing treatments for HNSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3316.
Double-Blind Study of the Effect of Dexamethasone on Acute Stroke.
Authors: Bernard M. Patten
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Double-Blind Study of the Effect of Dexamethasone on Acute Stroke.Bernard M. Patten, M.D., Jerry Mandel, M.D., Bertel Bruun, M.D., William Curtin, M.D., Sidney Carter, M.D.Bernard M. Patten, M.D., Jerry Mandel, M.D., Bertel Bruun, M.D., William Curtin, M.D., Sidney Carter, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-839_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA double-blind study of the effect of dexamethasone on acute stroke was conducted at the Neurological Institute of New York, N. Y. At the end of the study it was found that 17 patients had been treated with placebo and 14 patients had been treated with dexamethasone. The dose of steroid was 16 mg/day for 10 days followed by tapering doses from 12 mg to zero over the ensuing 7 days. The patient's functional capacity was appraised by the use of a scoring system similar to the system used by the Parkinson's Disease Research Foundation for the evaluation of parkinsonism... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe Treatment of Brain Ischemia With Vasopressor Drugs 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 839-839KeywordsParkinson diseaseStroke Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...