tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exposure estimates to disinfection by-products of chlorinated drinking water.
Authors: C P Weisel, H Kim, P Haltmeier, J B Klotz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) of drinking water is multiroute and occurs in households serviced by municipal water treatment facilities that disinfect the water as a necessary step to halt the spread of waterborne infectious diseases. Biomarkers of the two most abundant groups of DBPs of chlorination, exhaled breath levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) and urinary levels of two haloacetic acids, were compared to exposure estimates calculated from in-home tap water concentrations and responses to a questionnaire related to water usage. Background THM breath concentrations were uniformly low. Strong relationships were identified between the THM breath concentrations collected after a shower and both the THM water concentration and the THM exposure from a shower, after adjusting for the postshower delay time in collecting the breath sample. Urinary haloacetic acid excretion rates were not correlated to water concentrations. Urinary trichloroacetic acid excretion rates were correlated with ingestion exposure, and that correlation was stronger in a subset of individuals who consumed beverages primarily within their home where the concentration measurements were made. No correlation was observed between an average 48-hr exposure estimate and the urinary dichloroacetic acid excretion rate, presumably because of its short biological half-life. Valid biomarkers were identified for DBP exposures, but the time between the exposure and sample collection should be considered to account for different metabolic rates among the DBPs. Further, using water concentration as an exposure estimate can introduce misclassification of exposure for DBPs whose primary route is ingestion due to the great variability in the amount of water ingested across a population.
Israeli court overturns IVF treatment rules
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Israel's High Court of Justice has overturned health ministry rules that require unmarried women wanting sperm donation or in vitro fertilisation to be examined first by a psychiatrist and a social worker.

The high court panel, headed by the president of the Supreme Court, Professor Aharon Barak, also declared that another ministry regulation barring unmarried women from receiving egg donations was illegal.

The appeal against the …
Visual Determination of Differential Renal Function
Authors: MICHAEL S. KIPPER, KATHRYN F. WITZTUM, ANDREW TAYLOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Forty patients (43 studies) referred for determination of differential renal function were imaged 24 hours after intravenous administration of Tc-99m-2,3 DMSA. Visual assessment of relative renal uptake was estimated independently by three observers at three different hospitals from analog images on standard x-ray film. The results were compared with the relative DMSA uptake obtained by summing counts in computer-assisted regions of interest placed over each kidney. There was excellent correlation between the visual estimates of each observer and the computer-generated values (r = 0.98, 0.96, and 0.98, respectively). If a computer is not available, good visual estimates of differential uptake still may be obtained when static imaging agents such as DMSA are administered.
Correction: Error in Abstract
Authors: F. Cosman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Corrections15 April 1994Correction: Error in AbstractFREEF. Cosman, V. Shen, F. Xie, M. Seibel, A. Ratcliffe, and R. LindsayF. CosmanSearch for more papers by this author, V. ShenSearch for more papers by this author, F. XieSearch for more papers by this author, M. SeibelSearch for more papers by this author, A. RatcliffeSearch for more papers by this author, and R. LindsaySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00037 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In the article by Cosman and colleagues [1] on estrogen protection against the bone-resorbing effects of parathyroid hormone, the last sentence of the Results section of the abstract should read as follows: “Alkaline phosphatase levels decreased and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels increased in both groups with no distinction between untreated and estrogen-treated women”REFERENCE1. Cosman F, Shen V, Xie F, Seibel M, Ratcliffe A, Lindsay R. Estrogen protection against bone resorbing effects of parathyroid hormone infusion. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:337-43. Google Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1994Volume 120, Issue 8Page: 698KeywordsEstrogensInsulin-like growth factorsParathyroid hormonePhosphatases Issue Published: 15 April 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Sizing up portal hypertension: Better noninvasive methods are needed
Authors: Milog Sovak
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The “congestion index” is used to mean the ratio between the cross-sectional area (cm 2 ) and the blood flow velocity (cm/sec) of the portal vein, as determined by a duplex Doppler system. The indices as determined in normal subjects and patients with liver disease were as follows: normal subjects ( n = 85), 0.070 ± 0.029 cm × sec; acute hepatitis ( n = 11), 0.071 ± 0.014 cm × sec; chronic active hepatitis ( n = 42), 0.119 ± 0.084 cm × sec; cirrhosis ( n = 72), 0.171 ± 0.075 cm × sec; and idiopathic portal hypertension ( n = 11), 0.180 ± 0.107 cm × sec. There was a statistically significant difference between the congestion indices from the normal subject group and indices obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and idiopathic portal hypertension. A weak positive correlation was obtained between the congestion index and the portal venous pressure, measured simultaneously through a percutaneously placed catheter ( n = 64, r = 0.45, p &lt; 0.01). It is suggested that the congestion index reflects the pathophysiological hemodynamics of the portal venous system in portal hypertension.
To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:
Authors: J. H. Carstens
Journal: JAMA (1892)

To answer the many inquiries of the gentlemen who were present at the operations at Harper Hospital, during the late meeting of the Association, I wish to state that all cases of laparotomy recovered. In the first difficult case of Dr. Joseph Price, of Philadelphia, where he predicted that a fecal fistula might develop, this actually took place, but by keeping in the glass drainage tube for three days and then substituting the rubber tube and also by keeping the tract perfectly aseptic with hydrogen peroxide and covering the wound with bi-chloride gauze, the fistula gradually closed up, in the course of three weeks, and the patient is now about, walking, riding, etc. The second case where a hole was made in the intestines, which had to be sewed, made a rapid and uneventful recovery. The case operated upon by Dr. Ross, of Toronto, with the most firm and extensive
Management of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Hossein Gharib
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 October 1993Management of Thyroid NodulesHossein Gharib, MD and John R. Goellner, MDHossein Gharib, MDSearch for more papers by this author and John R. Goellner, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_Part_1-199310010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Daniels expresses concern about the cost of thyroid nodule evaluation when fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the first test. He advocates thyroid scan as an initial procedure and believes that when a thyroid scan is not used as an initial test, patients with hot nodules may be misleadingly subjected to thyroid surgery.Van Herle and colleagues [1] reviewed the cost-effectiveness of the evaluation of a thyroid nodule and carefully outlined the sequence of test procedures that is most cost-effective when applied to patients with solitary or dominant thyroid nodules. Both fine-needle aspiration biopsy followed by a scan and ...References1. Van Herle AJ, moderator. The thyroid nodule. Ann Intern Med. 1982; 96:221-32. Google Scholar2. Liel Y, Zirkin HJ, Sobel RJ. Fine needle aspiration of the hot thyroid nodule. Acta Cytol. 1988; 32:866-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 7_Part_1Page: 634KeywordsBiopsyCell biologyPatient advocacyRadionuclide scanningSurgeryThyroidThyroidectomy Issue Published: 1 October 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Paradoxical Pulse in Constrictive Pericarditis
Authors: Lewis Sasse
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  The excellent CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY article on constrictive pericarditis (232:176, 1975) makes reference to the infrequency of paradoxical  in constrictive pericarditis as compared to cardiac tamponade. It is stated that Paradoxical  depends on normal inspiratory augmentation of venous return1and is, therefore, characteristic of tamponade and of subacute constriction and not chronic constriction. Dr Paul Wood found convincing paradoxical pulse in five of ten patients with active constrictive pericarditis and 5 of 30 with inactive constrictive pericarditis.2The criteria for convincing paradoxical pulse are not given.  However, there are a significant number of constrictive pericarditis patients with paradoxical pulse. A study of three patients with surgically demonstrable constrictive pericarditis and one patient with cardiac-catheterization-diagnosed constrictive pericarditis3demonstrated paradoxical  associated with early inspiratory movement of the second closer to the R wave of the QRS, with fixed or almost fixed relationship of the
Goodbye to the noughties
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

What of the past 10 years in the NHS? Management speak now pervades the service; I have caught myself referring to our children as stakeholders, empowering them to do homework and appointing champions of the washing up. The shopping list became a mission statement with key action points. Even the dog became the pet tsar, tasked with setting up a strategic partnership with the cat.

GPs and consultants negotiated new contracts with management, demonstrating that doctors aren’t as dumb as portrayed in the mass …
Abstract 416: S100P, a target gene of MACC1, contributes to colorectal cancer metastasis.
Authors: Felicitas Schmid, Qing Wang, Matthew R. Huska, Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro, Margit Lemm, Iduna Fichtner, Wolfgang Walther, Peter M. Schlag, Ulrike S. Stein
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading type of cancer in the Western world. About 90% of the deaths caused by this cancer arise from the formation of metastasis. We previously identified the new gene MACC1 (metastasis associated in colon cancer 1) as a prognostic marker for CRC metastasis. MACC1 regulates the expression of the well-known proto-oncogene Met (met proto-oncogene). An overexpression of MACC1 promotes in vitro and in vivo the metastatic potential of CRC cells. This project aims at the identification and functional characterization of new transcriptional target genes of MACC1. The genome-wide expression of SW480 CRC cells and a SW480/MACC1 clone was studied by microarray analysis. We found the gene S100P (S100 calcium binding protein P) as a highly upregulated gene in the MACC1 clone. S100P mRNA and protein expression levels in MACC1 transfected SW480 cells were significantly increased compared to control cells. A reduction of the endogenously high MACC1 expression in SW620 cells by MACC1-siRNA resulted in a decreased S100P expression. Furthermore, we showed that MACC1 bound to the promoter region of S100P in SW480/MACC1 cells. SW480 cells with an ectopic high S100P expression had a higher cell proliferation, migration and invasion compared to SW480 control cells. In contrast, a decrease of the high endogenous S100P expression in SW620 cells led to a lower proliferative, migratory and invasive potential. In a NOD SCID mouse model, animals intraspenically transplanted with control cells did not metastasize. In contrast, mice with S100P overexpressing cells developed liver metastasis (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Finally, in human colorectal tumors the S100P expression was higher in tumors (stages II and III) which developed metachronous metastasis compared to non-metastasizing tumors (p=0.05). Colorectal cancer patients with a high S100P expression in their primary tumors had a shorter metastasis-free survival time compared to patients with S100P low expressing tumors (p=0.03, HR=0.37, 95% CI=0.13-0.90). Taken together, the gene S100P is a new transcriptional target gene of MACC1 and represents a biomarker for CRC metastasis as well as a target for therapeutical approaches. Citation Format: Felicitas Schmid, Qing Wang, Matthew R. Huska, Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro, Margit Lemm, Iduna Fichtner, Wolfgang Walther, Peter M. Schlag, Ulrike S. Stein. S100P, a target gene of MACC1, contributes to colorectal cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 416. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-416
Exercise, Fitness, and Mortality
Authors: Mark R. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Blair et al<sup>1</sup>provide evidence that low levels of physical fitness, defined by treadmill exercise performance, are a risk factor for future cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality in a population of predominantly white, middle-aged men and women. They suggest that if all unfit persons became fit there would be a significant reduction in the death rate. The observed decrease in cancer mortality is intriguing. Possibly preclinical cancer can influence performance on the treadmill by humoral, metabolic, and/or other factors. If so, the exclusion from analysis of cancer deaths that occur within 4 years of baseline should eliminate the probability of a confounding preclinical cancer effect. If most cancer mortality occurred during the first few years after treadmill testing, it would be suggestive of the poor treadmill performance that results from a preclinical cancer effect. Perhaps the authors can provide data on cancer mortality in
Premalignant and In Situ Breast Disease: Biology and Clinical Implications
Authors: Grazia Arpino, Rodolfo Laucirica, Richard M. Elledge
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Most types of invasive breast cancer are thought to evolve over long periods from specific preexisting benign lesions. Of the many types of benign entities found in the human breast, only a few have clinically significant premalignant potential. Currently, the best-characterized premalignant lesions are atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and lobular carcinoma in situ. Ductal carcinoma in situ is considered to be a preinvasive malignant lesion. Two additional lesions, unfolded lobules and usual ductal hyperplasia, are sometimes considered to be very early premalignant epithelial abnormalities. Premalignant lesions are currently defined by their histologic features, and not all necessarily progress to invasive cancer. This suggests that although lesions within specific categories look alike, they must possess underlying genetic differences that cause some to remain stable and others to advance. The development of modern molecular genetic techniques has allowed breast cancer researchers to clarify the multistep model of breast carcinogenesis. Recent studies indicate that cancer evolves by highly diverse genetic mechanisms, and research into these altered pathways may identify specific early defects that might be targeted to prevent progression of premalignant lesions to invasive cancer. Current clinical management is heterogeneous and depends on histologic examination and individual patient factors. Options for breast cancer risk reduction and prevention are available.
US government opens up online datasets
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Transparency, participation, and collaboration are the three principles driving the Obama administration’s effort to open up federal information to the public, the White House’s deputy chief technology officer, Beth Noveck, has said.

Speaking at a forum at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC, on 24 September, she said that an integral part of that effort is the new website www.data.gov, a portal for “the massive release of data in open, downloadable, machine readable format across all agencies.” She called it “a commitment to open data and …
894 Expression of paracellular junction genes in iron-loaded hepatocytes
Authors: J BILELLO, H ISOM
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze a major Phase II reaction in the endo- and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme (XME) system consisting of Phases I–III proteins and ligand-activated transcription factors. Differential induction of liver microsomal CYP activities following treatment of rats with aryl hydrocarbons or phenobarbital, discovered over 50 years ago, initiated studies to characterize multiple CYPs and the transcription factors Ah receptor (AhR) and CAR, respectively. Similar studies of UGT activities initiated studies of multiple UGTs. However, inducible human UGTs differed from those in rats. In addition, induction of UGTs is complicated, for example, by coordinate regulation of some XMEs by AhR and the antioxidant Nrf2 transcription factor. Functions of UGTs in the XME system are discussed using the following examples: (i) Tight coupling between Phase I and II enzymes in benzo[a]pyrene detoxification. In particular, AhR- and Nrf2-controlled quinone reductases and UGTs may prevent quinone–quinol redox cycling with generation of oxidative stress. (ii) CAR-mediated induction of UGT1A1 may be involved in perinatal detoxification of bilirubin neurotoxicity. (iii) PPARα-mediated glucuronidation of eicosanoids may contribute to their detoxification and homeostasis. Identification of the role of UGTs is challenged by intense crosstalk of transcription factors at the genetic level, the level of protein–protein interaction and control by signaling networks. Nevertheless, as drug targets ligand-activated transcription factors provide promising therapeutic possibilities.
THE SO-CALLED "NEW DISEASE" (STREPTOCOCCAL NEPHRITIS)
Authors: R. Saundby
Journal: BMJ (1915)

MEDICAL JOURN4AL jrU Y2,T1 any longer, but intendinc to "pull ouit" whlen my year is uip, as the position is in fra dig.and humiliating.If only young enouglh, I wouldlmuclh ratlher serve as a
Reduced intensity conditioning allows for up-front allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after cytoreductive induction therapy in newly-diagnosed high-risk acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: U Platzbecker, C Thiede, M Füssel, G Geissler, T Illmer, B Mohr, M Hänel, R Mahlberg, U Krümpelmann, F Weissinger, M Schaich, C Theuser, G Ehninger, M Bornhäuser
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Heteroplasmic Point Mutations of Mitochondrial DNA Affecting Subunit I of Cytochrome c Oxidase in Two Patients With Acquired Idiopathic Sideroblastic Anemia
Authors: Norbert Gattermann, Stefan Retzlaff, Yan-Ling Wang, Götz Hofhaus, Jürgen Heinisch, Carlo Aul, Wolfgang Schneider
Journal: Blood (1997)

Abstract Mitochondrial iron overload in acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia (AISA) may be attributable to mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), because these can cause respiratory chain dysfunction, thereby impairing reduction of ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+). The reduced form of iron is essential to the last step of mitochondrial heme biosynthesis. It is not yet understood to which part of the respiratory chain the reduction of ferric iron is linked. In two patients with AISA we identified point mutations of mtDNA affecting the same transmembrane helix within subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (COX I; ie, complex IV of the respiratory chain). The mutations were detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. One of the mutations involves a T → C transition in nucleotide position 6742, causing an amino acid change from methionine to threonine. The other mutation is a T → C transition at nt 6721, changing isoleucine to threonine. Both amino acids are highly conserved in a wide range of species. Both mutations are heteroplasmic, ie, they establish a mixture of normal and mutated mitochondrial genomes, which is typical of disorders of mtDNA. The mutations were present in bone marrow and whole blood samples, in isolated platelets, and in granulocytes, but appeared to be absent from T and B lymphocytes purified by immunomagnetic bead separation. They were not detected in buccal mucosa cells obtained by mouthwashes and in cultured skin fibroblasts examined in one of the patients. In both patients, this pattern of involvement suggests that the mtDNA mutation occurred in a self-renewing bone marrow stem cell with myeloid determination. Identification of two point mutations with very similar location suggests that cytochrome c oxidase plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AISA. COX may be the physiologic site of iron reduction and transport through the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Identification of an ideal adjuvant for receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Authors: Naru Zhang, Rudragouda Channappanavar, Cuiqing Ma, Lili Wang, Jian Tang, Tania Garron, Xinrong Tao, Sumaiya Tasneem, Lu Lu, Chien-Te K Tseng, Yusen Zhou, Stanley Perlman, Shibo Jiang, Lanying Du
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), an emerging infectious disease caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), has garnered worldwide attention as a consequence of its continuous spread and pandemic potential, making the development of effective vaccines a high priority. We previously demonstrated that residues 377-588 of MERS-CoV spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) is a very promising MERS subunit vaccine candidate, capable of inducing potent neutralization antibody responses. In this study, we sought to identify an adjuvant that optimally enhanced the immunogenicity of S377-588 protein fused with Fc of human IgG (S377-588-Fc). Specifically, we compared several commercially available adjuvants, including Freund's adjuvant, aluminum, Monophosphoryl lipid A, Montanide ISA51 and MF59 with regard to their capacity to enhance the immunogenicity of this subunit vaccine. In the absence of adjuvant, S377-588-Fc alone induced readily detectable neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses in immunized mice. However, incorporating an adjuvant improved its immunogenicity. Particularly, among the aforementioned adjuvants evaluated, MF59 is the most potent as judged by its superior ability to induce the highest titers of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes, and neutralizing antibodies. The addition of MF59 significantly augmented the immunogenicity of S377-588-Fc to induce strong IgG and neutralizing antibody responses as well as protection against MERS-CoV infection in mice, suggesting that MF59 is an optimal adjuvant for MERS-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccines.