tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Air embolism in the internal jugular vein
Authors: Michael J. Lanspa, Stacy A. Johnson
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)

A 52-year-old man with diffuse large B cell lymphoma was admitted to the intensive care unit with septic shock. He had been chronically ill with limited recovery following internal fixation for a pathologic left tibial fracture and had been residing in a long-term acute care hospital. A peripherally inserted central catheter was placed in the right upper extremity 1 month prior. The catheter was removed upon admission. While imaging the patient’s veins for vascular access, gas emboli were noted in the left internal jugular vein. These emboli are recognized as hyperechoic bubbles in the superior aspect of the vessel, with reverberation artifact extending deeper than the vessel (Fig. 1; Supplementary material 1). These emboli were present in the superior portion of the vein, extending above the angle of the jaw. At the time of imaging, the patient had been placed in the reverse Trendelenburg position, with slight right-side dependency. The right internal jugular vein had no evidence of air embolism. The patient experienced no adverse effects from the air embolism. It is suspected that these emboli inadvertently occurred through routine access of his catheter with intravenous flushes. Iatrogenic gas embolism is associated with increased mortality, and is typically treated with hyperbaric oxygen [1–3].



Fig. 1

Gas emboli in the left internal jugular vein imaged as hyperechoic bubbles (black arrows) in the superior aspect of the vessel (dashed line), with reverberation artifact extending deeper than the vessel (white arrows)
Abstract 3918: Haploinsufficiency of MRE11A reduces DNA repair capacity in bronchial epithelial cells in response to Bleomycin and BPDE
Authors: Yanbin Liu, Ivo Tenent, Randy Willink, Shuguang Leng, Christopher Dagucon, Steven A. Belinsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Reduced DNA repair capacity (DRC) and polymorphisms in genes involved in the requisite repair pathways are associated with increased risk for lung cancer and promoter hypermethylation. A SNP (rs7117042) was identified in MRE11A that resulted in a 30% reduction in gene transcription and was associated with promoter methylation in sputum from cancer-free smokers. In vitro studies have also demonstrated that formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) can lead to gene promoter methylation. The purpose of this study was to identify genes in the DSB repair pathway that may be rate limiting for DNA repair in response to DNA damage and ultimately assess their effect on transformation and promoter methylation. A model for haploinsufficiency was created to simulate germ line sequence variation in the MRE11A, NBS, and XRCC3 gene by shRNA stable knockdown in immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC2 and HBEC13). The clones with 50% and 75% knockdown of target genes were selected and cell lines were exposed to increasing doses of bleomycin and BPDE respectively with DRC determined by formation of micronuclei. MRE11A knockdown reduced DRC by 2- and 2.5-fold following exposure to BPDE and bleomycin, respectively compared to parental cell lines. DRC also varied by degree of gene knock down. Studies were extended to address the functional impact of the MRE11a SNP on DRC by challenging lymphocytes wild type or heterozygote for this SNP to bleomycin. A 30-40% reduction in DRC was seen in heterozygotes compared to wild type. Studies are ongoing to address the effect of chronic carcinogen exposure of HBECs with knock down of MRE11a on transformation efficiency and induction of gene promoter hypermethylation. These studies support a important role for MRE11A in the response of the cell to double-strand break damage. Supported by NIH R01 ES015262. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3918. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3918
Cystic fibrosis—correct chloride conductance can cure cells
Authors: Rebecca W. van Dyke
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We have used retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to demonstrate complementation of the cystic fibrosis (CF) defect in vitro. Amphotropic retroviruses were used to transduce a functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA into CFPAC-1, a pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line derived from a patient with CF that stably expresses the chloride transport abnormalities characteristic of CF. CFPAC-1 cells were exposed to control virus (PLJ) and CFTR-expressing virus (PLJ-CFTR); viral-transduced clones were isolated and subjected to molecular and physiologic analysis. RNA analysis detected a viralderived CFTR transcript in all of the PLJ-CFTR clones that contained unrearranged proviral sequences. Agents that increase intracellular cAMP stimulated 125 I efflux in PLJ-CFTR clones but not PLJ clones. Whole-cell patch-clamp performed on three responding clones showed that the anion efflux responses were due to cAMP stimulation of Cl conductance. Our findings indicate the expression of the normal CFTR gene confers cAMP-dependent Cl channel regulation on CF epithelial cells. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was expressed in cultured cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells and Cl − channel activation assessed in single cells using a fluorescence microscopic assay and the patch-clamp technique. Expression of CFTR, but not of a mutant form of CFTR (ΔF508), corrected the Cl channel defect. Correction of the phenotypic defect demonstrates a causal relationship between mutations in the CFTR gene and defective Cl transport which is the hallmark of the disease.
Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Response in Atherosclerosis
Authors: J. M. Sloan, J. S. Mackay, B. Sheridan
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out on 51 men with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease, none of whom were known diabetics or had suffered recent myocardial infarction. The plasma insulin and blood sugar responses were compared with 47 age and sex-matched controls. There was no significant difference in obesity between the two groups. The patient group showed an increased plasma insulin response with a delay in return to fasting levels, and the blood sugar response was similar. These results suggest that hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia are often associated with atherosclerosis, and may have a role in its aetiology.
Factors associated with the intellectual ability of children born to women with high risk pregnancies.
Authors: M Ounsted, V A Moar, J Cockburn, C W Redman
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The intellectual abilities of 242 children born to women who had been hypertensive during pregnancy were assessed at the age of 7 1/2 years. Associations between 15 maternal, fetal, perinatal, postnatal and environmental factors, and test scores were investigated. After adjustment for confounding variables children in the upper social classes, born to non-smokers, who were first born, breast fed, and with birth weights above the 10th centile had significantly higher scores in some aspects of ability than the rest. Children whose mothers had developed superimposed pre-eclampsia had higher scores than those whose mothers had not suffered preeclampsia; and children delivered by elective caesarean section had lower scores than those delivered spontaneously. In a small subgroup of women with particularly high risk pregnancies perinatal mortality had been 10 times greater than in the rest of the sample. At 7 1/2 years the intellectual ability of the survivors in this subgroup did not differ from that of the rest. These findings do not support the notion that there is a quantitative continuum of "reproductive casualty" from mortality to morbidity.
Doctors and the State: The British Medical Profession and Government Action in Public Health, 1870-1912
Authors: Saul Jarcho
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Brand, who received her PhD degree in economic history and holds an administrative post in the National Institutes of Health, focuses sharply on the period between 1870 and 1912, so important in the history of public health. This period witnessed an extensive reconstruction of British attitudes toward public health and innovations in administrative measures. The introductory chapter contains a brief retrospect of sanitary reform in the late 18th century and the first half of the 19th. This period culminated in the Sanitary Act of 1866, which permitted central compulsion to be applied when local authority was defective but created no central health administration worthy of the name. The energy of progressive physicians receives credit for the next important development, the establishment of the famous Royal Sanitary Commission in 1868. Its report, issued in 1871, eventuated in three legislative measures, which set up the central mechanisms that were to function
Inhibition of SR Ca2+ uptake: A novel action of the RyR2–FKBP12.6 antagonist K201
Authors: A JAMES
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

See article by Loughrey et al.  [13]  (pages 236–246) in this issue. 

K201, also known as JTV519 or JTV-519, is a 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative that was developed for its protective action against Ca2+-induced myocardial damage [1]. It was subsequently shown to be protective in models of ischaemia-reperfusion injury [2,3] and heart failure (HF) [4], has been in phase II clinical trials as a protective agent against acute myocardial infarction since 2000, and is suggested to reduce reperfusion injury following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (see http://www.jti.co.jp/JTI_E/IR/FR/0111/0111-Supplementary.pdf). Although like diltiazem, to which it is structurally related, it blocks L-type-Ca2+-current (ICa,L) [5], it is a relatively non-selective blocker of cation-currents including the Na+-current [5], both background and G-protein-gated inward-rectifier K+ currents [5,6], and the rapidly-activating-delayed-rectifier-current (IKr) [6,7]. K201 is also reported to have anti-arrhythmic effects in models of atrial-fibrillation (AF) through prolongation of the effective refractory period (ERP) [6,8]. Other putative-targets for K201 include the α 1-adrenoceptor [1], annexin-V [1], protein-kinase-Cδ [3], and NO-synthase [9]. More recently, the effects of K201 on the ryanodine-receptor (RyR2), suggested to … 

*Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Bristol Heart Institute Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK. Tel.: +44 117 331 2297; fax: +44 117 331 2288. a.james{at}bristol.ac.uk
What About Fellowships?
Authors: Rose Tracy
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The annualMedical Education Numberof<i>JAMA</i>customarily makes only a passing reference to basic science fellowships and clinical fellowships in summarizing teaching responsibilities of faculties. Persons seeking clinical fellowships find that published data are almost nonexistent. No specific accrediting mechanism exists. Fellowships, subspecialty training, and residencies are not easily distinguishable by definition. A time-honored statement used by the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association was: A fellowship is a form of apprenticeship which in some cases is indistinguishable from a residency although it usually offers a greater opportunity for teaching, the study of basic sciences, and research. Ordinarily, a fellowship is a university rather than a hospital appointment. Fellowships vary in length, but they are usually of one or two years' duration. At one time, the Council on Medical Education evaluated graduate training programs under a listing of "Residencies and Fellowships," but in 1959 the term
Preventing Land Mine–Related Injury and Disability
Authors: Etienne G. Krug, Robin M. Ikeda, Michael L. Qualls, Mark A. Anderson, Mark L. Rosenberg, Richard J. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US reviews smallpox vaccination policy
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

US public health doctors and preventive medicine specialists met in Atlanta, Georgia, last week to consider whether to continue the policy of prohibiting vaccinations against smallpox unless a smallpox bioterrorist attack takes place or whether to allow smallpox vaccination for anyone who wants it.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the National Vaccine Advisory Committee of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have formed a joint panel which will present recommendations to the full Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices next month.

Routine vaccination against smallpox stopped in the United States in …
Hypertrophic tuberculosis of the rectum.
Authors: P R Hawley, H R Wolfe, J M Fullerton
Journal: Gut (1968)

Tuberculosis ofthegastrointestinal tractoccurs either asa primary lesion inareaswheremilkis unpasteurized, orsecondary toa focusoftuberculosis elsewhere inthebody, mostcommonly inthe lungs. Twomaintypes areseen: thetuberculous ulcer andthemuchrarer hypertrophic lesion, whichoccurs predominantly intheileocaecal region (85% of Bockus's (1964) cases wereatthissite), lesscommonlyinthecolon, andrarely intherectum. Three casesof hypertrophic rectal tuberculosis are presented.
Thallium-201 Chloride Uptake in a Lung Tumor during a Routine Stress Thallium Examination
Authors: B EISENBERG, M G VELCHIK, D F DeVRIES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

There have been infrequent reports of thallium uptake in lung tumors in the literature. A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung seen on stress TI-201 testing is presented.
Role of mitochondrial glucocorticoid receptor in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis
Authors: Ronit Vogt Sionov, Orly Cohen, Shlomit Kfir, Yael Zilberman, Eitan Yefenof
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

The mechanisms by which glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis are unknown. We studied the role of mitochondrial GR in this process. Dexamethasone induces GR translocation to the mitochondria in GC-sensitive, but not in GC-resistant, T cell lines. In contrast, nuclear GR translocation occurs in all cell types. Thymic epithelial cells, which cause apoptosis of the PD1.6 T cell line in a GR-dependent manner, induce GR translocation to the mitochondria, but not to the nucleus, suggesting a role for mitochondrial GR in eliciting apoptosis. This hypothesis is corroborated by the finding that a GR variant exclusively expressed in the mitochondria elicits apoptosis of several cancer cell lines. A putative mitochondrial localization signal was defined to amino acids 558–580 of human GR, which lies within the NH2-terminal part of the ligand-binding domain. Altogether, our data show that mitochondrial and nuclear translocations of GR are differentially regulated, and that mitochondrial GR translocation correlates with susceptibility to GC-induced apoptosis.
The wisdom of Falstaff
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government, I have read in various newspapers, wants to try bribing us into shape. Those of us who are fat will be given cash incentives to lose weight, apparently. Of course, I can quite see the logic of this: it will save the country money in the end. But perhaps an even better idea would be televised humiliation sessions for those who failed to lose weight, in front of a paying, and possibly even a baying, audience, complete with punishment for the worst offenders, as voted by the viewers. Not only would this save money in the long term, it would positively raise money in the short term. The television …
Artifact-Free Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Coronary Vessel Wall Imaging in the Presence of a New, Metallic, Coronary Magnetic Resonance Imaging Stent
Authors: Elmar Spuentrup, Alexander Ruebben, Andreas Mahnken, Matthias Stuber, Christian Kölker, Trung Hieu Nguyen, Rolf W. Günther, Arno Buecker
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Coronary in-stent restenosis cannot be directly assessed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) because of the local signal void of currently used stainless steel stents. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a new, dedicated, coronary MR imaging (MRI) stent for artifact-free, coronary MRA and in-stent lumen and vessel wall visualization.Fifteen prototype stents were deployed in coronary arteries of 15 healthy swine and investigated with a double-oblique, navigator-gated, free-breathing, T2-prepared, 3D cartesian gradient-echo sequence; a T2-prepared, 3D spiral gradient-echo sequence; and a T2-prepared, 3D steady-state, free-precession coronary MRA sequence. Furthermore, black-blood vessel wall imaging by a dual-inversion-recovery, turbo spin-echo sequence was performed. Artifacts of the stented vessel segment and signal intensities of the coronary vessel lumen inside and outside the stent were assessed. With all investigated sequences, the vessel lumen and wall could be visualized without artifacts, including the stented vessel segment. No signal intensity alterations inside the stent when compared with the vessel lumen outside the stent were found.The new, coronary MRI stent allows for completely artifact-free coronary MRA and vessel wall imaging.
High efficiency myogenic conversion of human fibroblasts by adenoviral vector-mediated MyoD gene transfer. An alternative strategy for ex vivo gene therapy of primary myopathies.
Authors: L Lattanzi, G Salvatori, M Coletta, C Sonnino, M G Cusella De Angelis, L Gioglio, C E Murry, R Kelly, G Ferrari, M Molinaro, M Crescenzi, F Mavilio, G Cossu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Ex vivo gene therapy of primary myopathies, based on autologous transplantation of genetically modified myogenic cells, is seriously limited by the number of primary myogenic cells that can be isolated, expanded, transduced, and reimplanted into the patient's muscles. We explored the possibility of using the MyoD gene to induce myogenic conversion of nonmuscle, primary cells in a quantitatively relevant fashion. Primary human and murine fibroblasts from skin, muscle, or bone marrow were infected by an E1-deleted adenoviral vector carrying a retroviral long terminal repeat-promoted MyoD cDNA. Expression of MyoD caused irreversible withdrawal from the cell cycle and myogenic differentiation in the majority (from 60 to 90%) of cultured fibroblasts, as defined by activation of muscle-specific genes, fusion into contractile myotubes, and appearance of ultrastructurally normal sarcomagenesis in culture. 24 h after adenoviral exposure, MyoD-converted cultures were injected into regenerating muscle of immunodeficient (severe combined immunodeficiency/beige) mice, where they gave rise to beta-galactosidase positive, centrally nucleated fibers expressing human myosin heavy chains. Fibers originating from converted fibroblasts were indistinguishable from those obtained by injection of control cultures of lacZ-transduced satellite cells. MyoD-converted murine fibroblasts participated to muscle regeneration also in immunocompetent, syngeneic mice. Although antibodies from these mice bound to adenoviral infected cells in vitro, no inflammatory infiltrate was present in the graft site throughout the 3-wk study period. These data support the feasibility of an alternative approach to gene therapy of primary myopathies, based on implantation of large numbers of genetically modified primary fibroblasts massively converted to myogenesis by adenoviral delivery of MyoD ex vivo.
Strategies to change behaviour should involve targeted groups
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Strategies designed to change behaviour that can affect health should be developed in association with the target groups and should take their circumstances into account, advises guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

Although social circumstances might be difficult to change, individual and collective behaviour may be easier to modify and offer enormous potential to alter current patterns of disease, it says.

But the many attempts to do this have failed or only partially succeeded. And the guidance argues that this is …
Confidence intervals and sample sizes: Author's reply
Authors: L. Daly
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Transcription factors (TF) regulate cellular activities via controlling gene expression, but a predictive model describing how TFs quantitatively modulate human transcriptomes was lacking. We constructed a universal human gene expression predictor and utilized it to decode transcriptional regulation. Using 1613 TFs’ expression, the predictor reconstituted highly accurate transcriptomes for samples derived from a wide range of tissues and conditions. The predictor’s broad applicability indicated it had recapitulated the quantitative relationships between TFs and target genes ubiquitous across tissues. Significant interacting TF-target gene pairs were then extracted from the predictor and enabled downstream inference of TF regulators for diverse pathways involved in development, immunity, metabolism, and stress response. Thus, we present a novel approach to study human transcriptional regulation following the “understanding by modeling” principle.
USE OF A CARDIAC ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY AND TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY DATABASE TO REDEFINE ECG CRITERIA FOR LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY (THE CREATED-LVH STUDY)
Authors: Sanjog Kalra, Arnold Pinter, Kamran Ahmad, Victoria Korley, Paul Dorian, Iqwal Mangat
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Ebola outbreak is a public health emergency of international concern, WHO warns
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The World Health Organization has declared the current outbreak of Ebola virus disease in west Africa a public health emergency of international concern and has called for a strong and coordinated international response. 

After a two day meeting held by teleconference, the organisation’s emergency committee unanimously agreed that the outbreak—centred in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone—was “an extraordinary event and a public health risk to other states.” It warned that the possible consequences of further international spread were particularly serious in view of the virulence of the virus, the fact that it had been transmitted in the community as well as in healthcare facilities, and the weak healthcare systems in the countries currently affected and those most at risk.

WHO said that, by 6 August, those three countries and Nigeria had reported 1779 cases (1134 confirmed, 452 probable, 193 suspected) and 961 deaths. This is the largest Ebola outbreak ever recorded. 

At a press conference in Geneva on 8 August Keiji Fukuda, WHO’s assistant director general for health security …