tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Use of a Limited Influenza Vaccine Supply
Authors: Sara E. Cosgrove, Neil O. Fishman, Thomas R. Talbot, Keith F. Woeltje, William Schaffner, Victoria J. Fraser, Julia A. McMillan, Trish M. Perl
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Localization of the angiotensin II and its receptor subtype expression in human endometrium and identification of a novel high-affinity angiotensin II binding site.
Authors: A Ahmed, X F Li, M Shams, J Gregory, T Rollason, N M Barnes, J R Newton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Angiotensin (ANG) II is not only a potent vasoconstrictor but may also be involved in the regeneration of new blood vessels. In proliferative endometrium, ANG II-like immunoreactivity was detected in glandular epithelium and stroma with negligible staining around the vascular endothelium. In contrast, in secretory endometrium intense immunostaining was seen in the perivascular stromal cells around the endometrial spiral arterioles with negligible staining of the other cell types. Quantitative receptor autoradiography using the nonselective radioligand [125I]-ANG II and subtype selective competing compounds showed that endometrium contained predominantly AT2 receptors, with relatively low expression of AT1 receptors and a novel non-AT1/non-AT2 angiotensin II recognition site that was insensitive to AT1 or AT2 selective ligands. Levels of specific [125I]-ANG II receptor binding displayed cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle, reaching a maximum in early secretory endometrium and then decreasing in mid to late secretory endometrium to levels seen in early to mid proliferative endometrium. In situ hybridization showed AT1 receptor mRNA expression in the glands and in the endometrial blood vessels. The cyclic changes in ANG II-like immunoreactivity together with expression of both the known and the novel AT receptor subtypes imply that this octopeptide may play a dual role both in the control of the uterine vascular bed and also in the regeneration of the endometrium after endometrial shedding, acting as an angiogenic and mitogenic mediator.
Disease-specific expression and regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Peter Borger, Hisako Matsumoto, Sarah Boustany, Mikael M.C. Gencay, Janette K. Burgess, Greg G. King, Judith L. Black, Michael Tamm, Michael Roth
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Medical Education and the Rise of Hospitals
Authors: William Frederick Norwood
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE PATHWAY of American medical education through the 19th century was lined on one side by social and cultural forces and on the other by medical schools and hospitals. From the vantage point of the 20th century, we can see this road rather clearly, at times circuitous and rough, but in the end, surveyed and leading toward certain broadly defined objectives. Until past the middle of the 18th century, medical education in America followed the trail of preceptorial or apprenticeship training. The path was widened when Pennsylvania Hospital, established in 1752, began to add facilities specifically for teaching purposes: a skeleton (1757), anatomical casts and drawings (1762), and a library (1763). Free lance students and preceptees began walking the wards. By 1773, the hospital began indenturing students not otherwise apprenticed for a 5-year period. The departing student received a suit of clothes suggestive of his previous state of servitude. In
Melanocyte lineage-specific antigen gp100 is recognized by melanoma-derived tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
Authors: A B Bakker, M W Schreurs, A J de Boer, Y Kawakami, S A Rosenberg, G J Adema, C G Figdor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

We recently isolated a cDNA clone that encodes the melanocyte lineage-specific antigen glycoprotein (gp)100. Antibodies directed against gp100 are an important tool in the diagnosis of human melanoma. Since the gp100 antigen is highly expressed in melanocytic cells, we investigated whether this antigen might serve as a target for antimelanoma cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Here, we demonstrate that cytotoxic tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) derived from a melanoma patient (TIL 1200) are directed against gp100. HLA-A2.1+ melanoma cells are lysed by TIL from this patient. In addition, murine double transfectants, expressing both HLA-A2.1 and gp100, are lysed by TIL 1200, whereas transfectants expressing only HLA-A2.1 are not susceptible to lysis. Furthermore, the HLA-A2.1+ melanoma cell line BLM, which lacks gp100 expression and is resistant to lysis, becomes susceptible after transfection of gp100 cDNA. Finally, HLA-A2.1+ normal melanocytes are lysed by TIL 1200. These data demonstrate that the melanocyte differentiation antigen gp100 can be recognized in the context of HLA-A2.1 by CTL from a melanoma patient. Gp100 may therefore constitute a useful target for specific immunotherapy against melanoma, provided that no unacceptable cytotoxicity towards normal tissue is observed.
Biogenesis of Mammalian MicroRNAs: A Global View
Authors: Paul Graves, Yan Zeng
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22-nucleotide-long non-coding RNAs that are important regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. miRNAs are first transcribed as long primary transcripts, which then undergo a series of processing steps to produce the single-stranded mature miRNAs. This article reviews our current knowledge of the mechanism and regulation of mammalian miRNA expression and points out areas of research that may enhance our understanding of how the specificity and efficiency of miRNA production is controlled in vivo.
Regulation of the α-fetoprotein gene by the isoforms of ATBF1 transcription factor in human hepatoma
Authors: Toshiaki Ninomiya, Koichiro Mihara, Kazuo Fushimi, Yoshitake Hayashi, Tomoko Hashimoto-Tamaoki, Taiki Tamaoki
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

We investigated mechanisms regulating expression of α-fetoprotein (AFP) in 3 human hepatoma cell lines, HuH-7, HepG2, and huH-1, producing high, medium, and low levels of AFP, respectively. The silencer, a negative cis-acting element of the AFP gene, was highly activated in huH-1 and HepG2 to repress AFP enhancer activity by 91%, whereas only 26% repression was observed in HuH-7. To account for the difference in AFP production between HepG2 and huH-1, we investigated the roles of two isoforms of the AT motif-binding factor 1 (ATBF1) transcription factor, ATBF1-A and -B. Cotransfection assays showed that the ATBF1 isoforms regulated the AFP gene differently in HepG2 and huH-1. In huH-1 and HuH-7, both ATBF1 isoforms suppressed strongly enhancer activity and slightly promoter activity. In HepG2, on the other hand, ATBF1-A suppressed the enhancer and promoter activities, but surprisingly, ATBF1-B was found to stimulate enhancer activity while showing no effect on the promoter. Levels of ATBF1-A mRNA were similar in all 3 cell lines, whereas the expression ATBF1-B mRNA varied greatly, with the highest level seen in HepG2 followed by huH-1 and HuH-7. These results suggest that, in HepG2, ATBF1-B may have a dominant negative effect to relieve the transcriptional repression caused by its isoform. In support of this view, we found that the N-terminal region specific to the ATBF1-A molecule possessed transcriptional repressor activity. Thus, the use of the ATBF1 variants as well as the silencer may provide a unique mechanism that contributes to the determination of AFP levels in human hepatoma cell lines.
Efficacy of Resident Training in Smoking Cessation
Authors: Jacques Cornuz, Jean-Paul Humair, Laurence Seematter, Rebecca Stoianov, Guy van Melle, Hans Stalder, Alain Pécoud
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: New educational programs must be developed to improve physicians' skills and effectiveness in counseling patients about smoking cessation. Objective: To assess the efficacy of an educational program based on behavioral theory, active learning methods, and practice with standardized patients in helping patients abstain from smoking and changing physicians' counseling practices. Design: Cluster randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Two general internal medicine clinics in Switzerland. Participants: 35 residents and 251 consecutive smoking patients. Intervention: A training program administered over two half-days, during which physicians learned to provide counseling that matched smokers' motivation to quit and practiced these skills with standardized patients acting as smokers at different stages of change. The control intervention was a didactic session on management of dyslipidemia. Measurements: Self-reported abstinence from smoking at 1 year of follow-up, which was validated by exhaled carbon monoxide testing at one clinic; score of overall quality of counseling based on use of 14 counseling strategies; patient willingness to quit; and daily cigarette consumption. Results: At 1 year of follow-up, abstinence from smoking was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (13% vs. 5%; P = 0.005); this corresponded to a cluster-adjusted odds ratio of 2.8 (95% CI, 1.4 to 5.5). Residents who received the study training provided better counseling than did those who received the control training (mean score, 4.0 vs. 2.7; P = 0.002). Smokers' willingness to quit was also higher in the intervention group (94% vs. 80%; P = 0.007). A nonsignificant trend toward lower daily cigarette consumption in the intervention group was observed. Conclusion: A training program in smoking cessation administered to physicians that was based on behavioral theory and practice with standardized patients significantly increased the quality of physicians' counseling, smokers' motivation to quit, and rates of abstinence from smoking at 1 year.
Expression of neuropilin-1 on in vivo induced regulatory T cells
Authors: Christopher J Nirschl, Christina Ceccato, Angela Alme, Brian Francica, Charles G Drake
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts One of the current questions surrounding CD4 T regulatory cells (Tregs) is the role of natural and induced Tregs in tumor tolerance. Natural Tregs are CD4 T cells that leave the thymus expressing FoxP3 and displaying regulatory potential. Induced Tregs leave the thymus as a naïve
Angioedema of the Tongue
Authors: Sjoerd W Westra, Cornelis P C de Jager
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 75-year-old man presented to the emergency department with diffuse swelling of his tongue that had begun a few hours earlier. He had no known history of allergies. He had been taking 25 mg of captopril twice daily for the past three years because of hypertension. On examination, he could neither speak nor swallow. He had a large, swollen, protuberant tongue (Panels A and B) and hypersalivation and was breathing through his nose. His blood pressure was normal. He had mild tachypnea, but not hypoxemia, stridor, or wheezing. Angioedema was diagnosed, and the patient was treated with epinephrine, antihistamines, and . . .
Effects of adenine arabinoside on serum and intrahepatic replicative forms of duck hepatitis B virus in chronic infection
Authors: Katsutaro Hirota, Averell H. Sherker, Masao Omata, Osamu Yokosuka, Kunio Okuda
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Adenine arabinoside is an antiviral agent which has been used in a number of clinical studies for the treatment of chronic infections with hepatitis B virus. In order to better understand its effects and mode of action, we treated ducks chronically infected with duck hepatitis B virus with a 2-week course and monitored the effects of the drug on viral replication by studying duck hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum using molecular biological techniques. We found the drug to be effective in ducks only at much higher doses than those used in humans. At high doses, adenine arabinoside had a dose-related inhibitory effect on viral replication during treatment, but there was a rapid return toward baseline values soon after the cessation of treatment. The supercoiled form of viral DNA was found to be most resistant to adenine arabinoside therapy, and the drug had a disproportionate inhibitory effect on viral plus (noncoding) strand synthesis. We conclude that adenine arabinoside likely exerts its effect in hepadna virus infections predominantly through inhibition of viral DNA polymerase. On the basis of our current study and previous trials in hepatitis B virus-infected patients, we predict that adenine arabinoside will not efficiently eliminate viral replication in chronic hepadna virus infection, when used as the sole therapeutic modality. Adenine arabinoside may have a role to play as an adjunct to immunomodulation or interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection in man.
Abstract 2308: Selective targeting of HeLa cervical cancer cells using folate receptor targeting drug loaded PLGA-lipid hybrid nanoparticles
Authors: Sergio Sandoval, Alex Liberman, Jian Yang, Sharraya Aschemeyer, Jesus G. Alfaro, Liangfang Zhang, William C. Trogler, Andrew C. Kummel
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The response rate of breast cancer to first line chemotherapies is encouraging, but 20-30% of patients develop chemoresistance to these drugs, and consequently, have a cancer reoccurrence 7-10 months after their last treatment. Chemoresistance is believed to be due to drug efflux proteins responsible for the removal of many commonly used anti-neoplastic agents. One possible way to overcome these drug efflux pumps is to give higher doses of chemotherapy, but high doses of such agents commonly lead to chemocytotoxicity. Targeted PLGA-Lipid hybrid nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery systems have been developed that can deliver high doses of chemotherapy agents specifically to breast cancer cells. A practical cancer targeting drug delivery system will reduce the overall amount of chemotherapy agents given to patients for a given amount of targeted NPs endocytosed by cancer cells. Biodegradable NPs were synthesized using a novel nano-precipitation lipid-polymer hybrid platform which also allows for the encapsulation of hydrophobic chemotherapy drugs within the NPs. Using this method, drug free NPs have been shown to have an average diameter size of 81.78 nm (PDI: 0.25), while single loaded NPs, with Paclitaxel or Doxorubicin, show an average size between 72.33 to 89.64 nm (PDI: 0.242 to 0.339), signifying that the synthesis technique creates consistent sub 100nm particles. The majority of all NPs show a zeta-potential value of &amp;gt; -30 mV consistent with the NPs having sufficient repulsive interaction to be mono-dispersed in solution under physiological conditions. Folate receptors are often over expressed on the surfaces of cancer cells; therefore, folic acid was incorporated to the surface of these NPs as a cancer targeting ligand. Previous studies have shown that HeLa cells, a cervical cancer cell line, over expresses folate receptors. Immunofluorescence studies show that folic acid coated PLGA-Lipid hybrid NPs are readily endocytosed by HeLa cells compared to non-targeted NPs. Cytoxicity studies will determine the increased effectiveness of drug delivery with targeted PLGA-Lipid hybrid NPs vs. untargeted PLGA-Lipid hybrid NP in cell lines and in animal models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2308. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2308
Emerging Roles for the Transforming Growth Factor-β Superfamily in Regulating Adiposity and Energy Expenditure
Authors: Nader Zamani, Chester W. Brown
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

Members of the TGF-β superfamily regulate many aspects of development, including adipogenesis. Studies in cells and animal models have characterized the effects of superfamily signaling on adipocyte development, adiposity, and energy expenditure. Although bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 is generally considered a protein that promotes the differentiation of white adipocytes, BMP7 has emerged as a selective regulator of brown adipogenesis. Conversely, TGF-β and activin A inhibit adipocyte development, a process augmented in TGF-β-treated cells by Smads 6 and 7, negative regulators of canonical TGF-β signaling. Other superfamily members have mixed effects on adipogenesis depending on cell culture conditions, the timing of expression, and the cell type, and many of these effects occur by altering the expression or activities of proteins that control the adipogenic cascade, including members of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein family and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. BMP7, growth differentiation factor (GDF) 8, and GDF3 are versatile in their mechanisms of action, and altering their normal expression characteristics has significant effects on adiposity in vivo. In addition to their roles in adipogenesis, activins and BMP7 regulate energy expenditure by affecting the expression of genes that contribute to mitochondrial biogenesis and function. GDF8 signals through its own receptors during adipogenesis while antagonizing BMP7, an example of a ligand from one major branch of the superfamily regulating the other. With such intricate relationships that ultimately affect adiposity, TGF-β superfamily signaling holds considerable promise as a target for treating human obesity and its comorbidities.
Which Pocket, Whose Pocket and How Much?
Authors: David W. Wallwork
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

FOR the last twenty years the cost of medical care has been rising steadily, and this phenomenon has become the cause of serious professional and public concern. In the latter half of the same period, the impact of this rising cost on the financial resources of the aged has been highlighted and dramatized until finally it is the subject of lively and somewhat bitter political debate. However, we must remember that during all this period medical care has been available to the aged, the aged have been cared for, and the cost has been met in one way or another. . . .
Infant exposure to dioxin-like compounds in breast milk.
Authors: Matthew Lorber, Linda Phillips
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We used a one-compartment, first-order pharmacokinetic model to predict the infant body burden of dioxin-like compounds that results from breast-feeding. Validation testing of the model showed a good match between predictions and measurements of dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs) in breast-fed infants, and the exercise highlighted the importance of the assumption of the rate of dissipation of TEQs in the infant. We evaluated five nursing scenarios: no nursing (i.e., formula only), and nursing for 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. We assumed that an infant weighs 3.3 kg at birth and is exposed to a total of 800 pg TEQ/day by consumption of breast milk, leading to an estimated body weight-based dose of 242 pg TEQ/kg-day, which drops to 18 pg TEQ/kg-day after 1 year. This decline is due to declines in dioxin concentration in mother's milk and infant body weight increases. This range is significantly higher, on a body-weight basis, than adult TEQ exposure, which has been estimated to average about 1 pg TEQ/kg-day. For the nursing scenarios of >or= 6 months, we predict that body burdens (expressed as a body lipid concentration) peak at around 9 weeks at 44 ppt TEQ lipid. We predict that the body burden of the formula-fed infants will remain below 10 ppt TEQ lipid during the first year. These results compare to the current adult average body burden of 25 ppt TEQ lipid. We also found that an infant who had been breast-fed for 1 year had an accumulated dose 6 times higher than a 1-year-old infant who had not been breast-fed. For a 70-year lifetime, individuals who had been breast-fed had an accumulated dose 3-18% higher than individuals who had not been breast-fed.
Reasons for the preference for symmetry
Authors: Rolf Reber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Why did Homo erectus begin to craft symmetric tools? A parsimonious account assumes that preference for symmetry is inherent in all visual systems. This preference can be explained by a broader preference for perceptual fluency. The perceptual fluency account does not assume that selection for mate health or the production of symbolic art is a prerequisite for symmetry preference.
Cancer of the Cervix Stage IV and Recurrent Carcinoma
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Advanced carcinoma which have spread extensively, resulting in a frozen pelvis or distant spread, are usually beyond cure. There are a group of patients with extension in a fore and aft direction rather than laterally, who may be salvageable. In those patients with bladder and rectal involvement, the complication rate is high since the likelihood of fistulization exists prior to radiotherapy and is increased with treatment. Thus, even if cure of the carcinoma were achieved, problems may arise which will require additional care before the patient can be considered benefited. The place of pelvic exenteration, in which pelvic viscera are removed en bloc with the uterus, vagina, and adnexae, needs to be defined in this setting. In addition, recurrent cervical carcinomas are a problem in management. Since radiotherapy is most often used as the first line of attack, there is limited enthusiasm to retreat the pelvic region with another full
Endoscopic intraluminal vacuum therapy of duodenal perforation
Authors: G. Loske, T. Schorsch, C. Mueller
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Since 2006, we have been developing a technique that allows placement of an endoscopic vacuum sponge under direct endoscopic visualization [1] [2] [3]. A patient underwent jejunal segment resection of an isolated small metastasis. At the duodeno-jejunal anastomosis, a drainage catheter (Passive Drainage Ch.21, Primed®, Halberstadt, Germany) was placed intraoperatively. On Day 6, bilious material was observed discharging through the perianastomotic drain. Computed tomography scan found a large retropancreatic fluid accumulation. The patient had no clinical symptoms. An endoscopic examination was carried out and revealed that the drainage tube had perforated the duodenal bulb, resulting in a circumscribed defect of 15 mm, with an otherwise intact anastomosis and no signs of mucosal ischemia ([Fig. 1 a]).