tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dose-dependent effect of aspirin on carotid atherosclerosis.
Authors: C Ranke, H Hecker, A Creutzig, K Alexander
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Antiplatelet treatment with aspirin is well established as secondary prophylaxis after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke, but the effect of aspirin treatment on the course of carotid atherosclerosis is unknown. We investigated the effect of aspirin on the initial stages of carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were recruited from a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial to compare two doses of aspirin (900 mg versus 50 mg daily) with regard to restenoses after lower limb angioplasty. Of the 383 patients admitted to the angioplasty trial, 27 patients with 104 small carotid atheroma (&lt; 50% lumen narrowing) were examined at entry and after 1 year of aspirin treatment with the use of a high-resolution ultrasound duplex system. Disease progression and regression were defined by a change of maximal plaque area (as measured by longitudinal ultrasound sections) of more than 2 SDs of the method. The change in plaque area was significantly different for the treatment groups: Average plaque size remained unchanged after treatment with 900 mg aspirin daily but increased markedly after treatment with 50 mg aspirin daily (p = 0.011). There were significantly more lesions in the 50-mg group showing progression than in the 900-mg group (23 plaques [47%] versus 13 plaques [24%], p = 0.025). Ultrasonic disappearance of a lesion was observed only in the 900-mg group in nine cases (seven soft plaques and two ulcerative plaques, p = 0.018). The six patients on 50 mg aspirin who continued smoking during the study showed significantly more progression compared with the seven nonsmokers in the 50-mg group (17 plaques [59%] versus six plaques [30%], p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicate that aspirin treatment slows carotid plaque growth in a dose-dependent fashion, with a dose of 900 mg daily more efficient than 50 mg daily.
Does Rifampin Prophylaxis Prevent Disease Caused by Hemophilus influenzae Type b?
Authors: Michael T. Osterholm, Trudy V. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Systemic disease caused by<i>Hemophilus influenzae</i>type b is of major clinical and public health importance in this country. Five epidemiologic studies to date have demonstrated the increased risk of secondary disease among household contacts younger than 4 years, and outbreaks of disease have been reported in child day-care facilities.<sup>1</sup>Initial hopes for preventing both primary and secondary disease with vaccination were dashed when a promising vaccine failed to provide protection to infants. While efforts have continued in the development of improved vaccines, a search has been initiated for a prophylactic antibiotic that would prevent secondary disease. The study by Band and colleagues<sup>2</sup>in this issue presents the only available data addressing the question of efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis for disease caused by<i>H influenzae</i>. These data were presented at a national meeting in November 1981<sup>3</sup>and were the basis for recommendations published in 1982 by the American
Proponents of coordinated care should focus on quality improvement, not cutting costs, conference hears
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Patients with complex and chronic conditions need not endure fragmented care, but making the system less of an obstacle course for them is never simple, a conference at the King’s Fund in London on 24 October was told.

Better coordination of care is about negotiating new relationships and respecting local differences, and no single plan is suited to all situations, speakers at the conference argued. It often requires charismatic leadership and can falter when enthusiasts retire or move elsewhere.

The default position for health systems everywhere was one of fragmented financing, inadequate care for people with long term conditions, and poor collaboration between health and social care professionals, said Margaret MacAdam, an expert in the care of the elderly at the University of Toronto.

She cautioned against the normal UK pattern of running pilot studies and of evaluating them too soon. It takes a long time to achieve results, she said, and participants who know that the scheme …
Cord blood and breast-milk antibodies in neonatal rotavirus infection.
Authors: B M Totterdell, I L Chrystie, J E Banatvala
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Studies were carried out during an outbreak of rotavirus type 2 infection in a neonatal nursery to determine the protective role of antibodies in cord blood and breast milk. The range, distribution, and geometric mean titres of rotavirus-specific antibody in the cord blood were similar among rotavirus-positive and rotavirus-negative neonates, and the amount of virus excreted did not correlate with antibody levels. Despite the protective effect of breast feeding, the pattern of rotavirus-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in the expressed breast milk of mothers of babies who were rotavirus excreters and non-excreters was similar. Nevertheless, a higher proportion of expressed breast milk samples contained rotavirus-specific IgA group 2 (92%) and type 2 (97%) specific antibodies than type I (67%) antibodies, and the geometric mean titres of group 2 and type 2 specific antibodies were tenfold higher than type I antibodies. Among breast-fed babies who excreted rotavirus there was no correlation between type 2 rotavirus-specific IgA antibodies in expressed breast milk and the amount of neonatal virus excretion. These studies suggest that factors other than the rotavirus antibodies in expressed breast milk are of importance in preventing rotavirus infection in newborn infants.
Targeting of the N-terminal coiled coil oligomerization interface of BCR interferes with the transformation potential of BCR-ABL and increases sensitivity to STI571
Authors: Tim Beissert, Elena Puccetti, Andrea Bianchini, Saskia Güller, Simone Boehrer, Dieter Hoelzer, Oliver Gerhard Ottmann, Clara Nervi, Martin Ruthardt
Journal: Blood (2003)
A Trial of Clonidine to Stop Smoking
Authors: David H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Franks et al 1 discuss a point that is increasingly being recognized as a potential flaw in double-blind studies. When medication causes significant side effects, it is not difficult for researchers and patients to figure out which treatment is being administered. For researchers, this can cause bias in ascertainment of certain outcomes. For patients, this defeats the whole purpose of giving the placebo, which is to rule out a placebo effect. Thus, estimates of the effectiveness of drugs are inflated by the amount of the placebo effect, which would be absent in patients who believe they are taking a placebo.  Other researchers have suggested possible strategies for dealing with this problem. 2,3 Placebos that mimic the side effects of the active treatment are one option. This will decrease the ability of the patients to guess correctly which medication they are taking. However, patients are still aware that
<i>In vitro</i> detection of cytotoxic T and NK cells in peripheral blood of patients with various drug‐induced skin diseases
Authors: A. Zawodniak, P. Lochmatter, D. Yerly, T. Kawabata, M. Lerch, N. Yawalkar, W. J. Pichler
Journal: Allergy (2009)

To cite this article: Zawodniak A, Lochmatter P, Yerly D, Kawabata T, Lerch M, Yawalkar N, Pichler WJ. In vitro detection of cytotoxic T and NK cells in peripheral blood of patients with various drug‐induced skin diseases. Allergy 2010; 65 : 376–384. Abstract Background: Cytotoxic cells are involved in most forms of drug‐induced skin diseases. Till now, no in vitro test addressed this aspect of drug‐allergic responses. Our report evaluates whether drug‐induced cytotoxic cells can be detected in peripheral blood of nonacute patients with different forms of drug hypersensitivity, and also whether in vitro detection of these cells could be helpful in drug‐allergy diagnosis. Methods: GranzymeB enzyme‐linked immunosorbent spot‐forming (ELISPOT) and cell surface expression of the degranulation marker CD107a were evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 drug‐allergic patients in remission state and 16 drug‐exposed healthy controls. Results: In 10/12 allergic patients culprit but not irrelevant drug elicited granzymeB release after 48–72 h stimulation. It was clearly positive in patients with high proliferative response to the drug, measured in lymphocyte transformation tests. In patients, who showed moderate or low proliferation and low drug‐response in granzymeB ELISPOT, overnight preincubation with interleukin (IL)‐7/IL‐15 enhanced drug‐specific granzymeB release and allowed to clearly identify the offending agent. CD107a staining was positive on CD4+/CD3+, CD8+/CD3+ T cells as well as CD56+/CD3− natural killer cells. None of the drug‐exposed healthy donors reacted to the tested drugs and allergic patients reacted only to the offending, but not to tolerated drugs. Conclusion: GranzymeB ELISPOT is a highly specific in vitro method to detect drug‐reacting cytotoxic cells in peripheral blood of drug‐allergic patients even several years after disease manifestation. Together with IL‐7/IL‐15 preincubation, it may be helpful in indentifying the offending drug even in some patients with weak proliferative drug‐response.
P12 LONG-TERM MAINTENANCE OF HUMAN LIVER TISSUE BY EX-VIVO PERFUSION OF LIVER SECTIONS
Authors: T. Schreiter, J.-P. Sowa, Z. Mathé, J. Treckmann, M. Bröcker-Preuß, H.A. Baba, R.K. Gieseler, G. Gerken, A. Canbay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
STUDIES ON THE OXIDATION AND REDUCTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES
Authors: James M. Neill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

The "spontaneous deterioration" of streptolysin has been studied by the methods already used in investigations of the oxidation-reduction of blood pigments and of the lysins of other bacteria. From the results of this study, it may be concluded that the commonly observed "spontaneous deterioration" of streptolysin consists in the conversion of the originally active lysin to a hemolytically inactive oxidation product. This process is a reversible one, and the activity of the lysin is restored by reduction.
Landmine casualties are falling, but the wounded need more help
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The number of reported casualties from landmines in 2003 fell in most countries affected by mines and fell significantly in some heavily mined countries, a new report from the international Campaign to Ban Landmines says. The total number of reported casualties fell from 8333 in 2002 to 8065 in 2003, though the real figure, including unreported cases, is thought to be much higher.

As campaigners and government representatives gather in Nairobi for a conference next week to review the effect of the 1997 Ottawa Convention on Landmines, activists report significant progress but say that more needs to be done to …
A Unique Mucin Immunoenhancing Peptide with Antitumor Properties
Authors: Lynn M. Herbert, Joseph F. Grosso, Mantley Dorsey, Tihui Fu, Iafa Keydar, Mabel A. Cejas, Daniel H. Wreschner, Nechama Smorodinski, Diana M. Lopez
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Implantation of DA-3 mammary tumor cells into BALB/c mice results in tumor growth, metastatic lesions, and death. These cells were transfected with genes encoding for either the transmembrane (DA-3/TM) or secreted (DA-3/sec) form of human mucin 1 (MUC1). Although the gene for the secreted form lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, the 5′ sequences of these mucins are identical; however, the gene for the secreted mucin isoform ends with a sequence encoding for a unique 11 amino acid peptide. The DA-3/TM or DA-3 cells transfected with the neomycin vector only (DA-3/neo) have the same in vivo growth characteristics as the parent cell line. In contrast, DA-3/sec cells fail to grow when implanted in immunocompetent BALB/c animals. DA-3/sec cells implanted in nude mice resulted in tumor development verifying the tumorigenic potential of these cells. Pre-exposure of BALB/c mice to DA-3/sec cells afforded protection against challenge with DA-3/TM or DA-3/neo mammary tumors and the unrelated tumors K7, an osteosarcoma, and RENCA, a renal cell carcinoma. Partial protection against subsequent tumor challenges was also achieved by substituting the 11 amino acid peptide found only in the secreted MUC1 isoform, for the live DA-3/sec cells. Notably, the efficacy of this peptide is not strain restricted because it also retarded the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma cells in C57 BL/6 mice. These findings reveal that a unique peptide present in the secreted MUC1 has immunoenhancing properties and may be a potential agent for use in immunotherapy.
Pattern of Treatment Among Diabetic Patients in France
Authors: Laure Papoz, Françoise Vauzelle, Patrick Vexiau, Gérard Cathelineau
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Both the treatment pattern and the degree of metabolic control were estimated from a sample of 1172 French diabetic patients. The subjects were recruited from 80 medical-analysis laboratories scattered throughout the country, where they came for biologic blood sample tests. Patients had to be diagnosed as having diabetes, give consent for additional blood sampling, and fill out a short self-questionnaire. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was centrally determined by liquid chromatography (normal range 3.5–6.3%). We found 135 patients (11.5%) who were not drug treated or treated with diet alone, 862 (73.5%) treated with oral agents, and 175 (15.0%) treated with insulin. Among the latter, 79 (6.7%) were defined as true insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. Among patients receiving no drug or a slight dosage of oral agents, 47% were found to be in the normal range of HbA1c. On the other hand, among the patients intensively treated with oral agents or secondarily with insulin, less than half were under fair control (HbA1c &amp;lt;7.5%). These results are in agreement with previous estimates of treatment distribution derived from national drug sales data. They provide evidence regarding the particular features of diabetes in France, i.e., low prevalence of IDDM, low consumption of insulin, high consumption of oral agents. The finding of a large proportion of normal HbA1c values in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients suggests a state of overdiagnosis linked to the use of nonspecific criteria of diagnosis in large-scale screening.
Benefit of high-dose methylprednisolone in comparison with conventional-dose prednisolone during remission induction therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia for long-term follow-up
Authors: S Yetgin, M A Tuncer, M Çetin, F Gümrük, I Yenicesu, B Tunç, A F Öner, H Toksoy, A Koç, D Aslan, E Özyürek, L Olcay, L Atahan, E Tunçbilek, A Gürgey
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
The World's Biggest Membrane
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

VIEWED from the distance of the moon, the astonishing thing about the earth, catching the breath, is that it is alive. The photographs show the dry, pounded surface of the moon in the foreground, dead as an old bone. Aloft, floating free beneath the moist, gleaming membrane of bright blue sky, is the rising earth, the only exuberant thing in this part of the cosmos. If you could look long enough, you would see the swirling of the great drifts of white cloud, covering and uncovering the half-hidden masses of land. If you had been looking for a very long, . . .
Early Management of Poliomyelitis
Authors: E. G. Brewis
Journal: BMJ (1956)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is the evolutionary counterpart to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Both are expressed early in nervous system development prior to cholinergic synapse formation. The organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) primarily exerts toxicity through inhibition of AChE, which results in excess cholinergic stimulation at the synapse. We hypothesized that inhibition of AChE and BChE by CPF may impair early neurogenesis in neural stem cells (NSCs). To model neurodevelopment in vitro, we used human NSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a focus on initial differentiation mechanisms. Over six days of NSC differentiation, BChE activity and mRNA expression significantly increased, while AChE activity and expression remained unchanged. CPF treatment (10 μM) caused 82% and 92% inhibition of AChE and BChE, respectively. CPF exposure had no effect on cell viability or the expression of differentiation markers HES5, DCX or MAP2. However, shRNA-knockdown of BChE expression resulted in decreased or delayed expression of transcription factors HES5 and HES3. BChE may have a role in the differentiation of NSCs independent of, or in addition to, its enzymatic activity.
Consider surgery before IVF, gynaecologists told
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The UK government has announced a review of the NHS in a bid to ensure that clinical priorities and local accountability are paramount in the health service's day to day operations.The health secretary, Alan Johnson, has asked the junior health minister and surgeon Sir Ara Darzi to lead the review and to consult widely with patients and staff.The move is widely seen as a bid to mend relationships with health professionals, many of whom feel aggrieved by a decade of nonstop NHS reforms.Mr Johnson said that providing more accessible and convenient care for patients; achieving better value for money; and ensuring that people with long term illness were "treated with dignity in safe, clean environments" were all key areas that the review would look at.He also announced an extra £50m (€74m; $100m) to fight hospital acquired infections.Mr Johnson said, "The past 10 years have seen huge improvements in the NHS, and thanks to record investment and measures to raise standards, nine out of 10 patients rate their care as good to excellent."He added, "What was right for the last decade-top down targets and important but sometimes difficult reforms-will not be right for the next, where more local decision making and staff empowerment need to drive the NHS."He said that the review could result in an NHS constitution that sets out its values and lines of accountability.The full report will be published in June 2008.An interim assessment in autumn 2007 will inform the next comprehensive spending review.Gill Morgan, chief executive of the NHS Confederation, said, "We hope that this is not just another review but a genuine exercise in listening and understanding where the service has got to and where it needs to go.The opportunity to re-engage staff with the NHS reform programme is too important to be missed.
Exporting Doctors to a World in Need
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

On Christmas Eve of 1983, despite mortar attacks on "peace-keeping Marines" in Beirut, terrorist bombing of shoppers at Harrod's in London, and air defenses being positioned near the White House, it is easy to write that mankind is one and physicians are brothers and sisters. I believe that giving is still the fundamental common denominator that attracts a person to a medical career. For hundreds of years people have entered the practice of medicine without regard to economic benefits. Economics need not be the principal driver. We have been developing the theme of one medical world on these pages.<sup>1,2</sup>With today's international theme issue, we hope to spark renewed interest in the global practice of medicine for some of our readers, especially current medical students and residents. There is a great mass of medically underserved human beings in need of care. Why not plan to give part of your
Comparative Effectiveness—Looking Under the Lamppost
Authors: Steven M. Teutsch
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IATROGENIC ORAL CANDIDOSIS
Authors: T. LEHNER, R. G. WARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— Two distinct varieties of iatrogenic oral candidosis can be induced by topical application of drugs. Acute pseudomembranous candidosis developed with topical betamethasone-17-valerate, in the presence of significant titres of IgG, IgA and IgM class of Candida antibodies before infection, and without a change in the plasma cortisol level, in 23% of patients. This side effect was not observed with hydrocortisone hemisuccinate and betamethasone disodium phosphate, but was found in 1 of 17 patients using triamcinolone in orabase. Topical tetracycline induced acute atrophic candidosis, in the absence of significant Candida antibody levels before infection, in 64% of patients. In acute pseudomembranous candidosis there was a further rise in titre of IgG and IgA type of Candida antibodies, but predominantly IgG class of antibodies rose to low levels during the acute atrophic infection.
Cholesterol in the Prediction of Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: William B. Kannel, William P. Castelli, Tavia Gordon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Prospective data at Framingham and elsewhere have shown conclusively that risk of coronary heart disease in persons younger than age 50 is strikingly related to the serum total cholesterol level. Within so-called normal limits risk has been found to mount over a five-fold range. The impact has been found to be augmented by other risk factors. The contribution of the serum total cholesterol to risk has also been found to be determined by its partition in the various lipoprotein fractions. A relatively large amount of cholesterol in the low-density lipoprotein fraction is atherogenic, whereas that in the high-density fraction appears protective. The independent contribution of very-low-density lipoprotein and its triglyceride or cholesterol content has, on the other hand, not been established. The previous position that virtually all of the lipid information pertaining to coronary heart disease resided in the serum total cholesterol must be accordingly modified.
Misuse of Information Printed in the<i>Journal</i>
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

January, 1976, was open season on doctors, and some big guns were used. One was a report issued by a Congressional Subcommittee — that on Oversight and Investigation (chairman: John E. Moss, Cal.). It contended that in 1974, 2.38 million surgical procedures were unnecessarily performed, and that "Unnecessary surgery led to 11,900 deaths last year."1 The other weapon, fired by the New York Times, was a monstrous five-barrel shotgun that took aim at "the problem of incompetent doctors." Much of the ammunition used by the Committee and the New York Times was taken from the pages of this Journal . . .