tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tuberculous Cervical Lymphadenitis
Authors: Constantine Vishnevsky
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal(<b>199</b>:681, 1967) Dr. V. A. Plessinger answers a query on tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis. I would like to take exception to two of his statements which appear to be highly controversial. In the first statement Dr. Plessinger says, "Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis most commonly is secondary to tuberculosis of the tonsils or the mouth." While tuberculosis of the mouth and/or tonsils is an exceedingly rare condition, it usually (but not always) is associated with faradvanced pulmonary tuberculosis in debilitated patients. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis ("scrofula" of the old days), is a much more frequently encountered entity. As a rule it is not associated with any lesions of the mouth, tonsils, etc. It is frequently a manifestation of primary tuberculous infection and is often found simultaneously with tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy and with supraclavicular glands involvement and retrograde extension to the cervical glands. Every physician who reads chest x-ray
The Navigation Guide—Evidence-Based Medicine Meets Environmental Health: Integration of Animal and Human Evidence for PFOA Effects on Fetal Growth
Authors: Juleen Lam, Erica Koustas, Patrice Sutton, Paula I. Johnson, Dylan S. Atchley, Saunak Sen, Karen A. Robinson, Daniel A. Axelrad, Tracey J. Woodruff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

The Navigation Guide is a novel systematic review method to synthesize scientific evidence and reach strength of evidence conclusions for environmental health decision making.Our aim was to integrate scientific findings from human and nonhuman studies to determine the overall strength of evidence for the question "Does developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) affect fetal growth in humans?"We developed and applied prespecified criteria to systematically and transparently a) rate the quality of the scientific evidence as "high," "moderate," or "low"; b) rate the strength of the human and nonhuman evidence separately as "sufficient," "limited," "moderate," or "evidence of lack of toxicity"; and c) integrate the strength of the human and nonhuman evidence ratings into a strength of the evidence conclusion.We identified 18 epidemiology studies and 21 animal toxicology studies relevant to our study question. We rated both the human and nonhuman mammalian evidence as "moderate" quality and "sufficient" strength. Integration of these evidence ratings produced a final strength of evidence rating in which review authors concluded that PFOA is "known to be toxic" to human reproduction and development based on sufficient evidence of decreased fetal growth in both human and nonhuman mammalian species.We concluded that developmental exposure to PFOA adversely affects human health based on sufficient evidence of decreased fetal growth in both human and nonhuman mammalian species. The results of this case study demonstrate the application of a systematic and transparent methodology, via the Navigation Guide, for reaching strength of evidence conclusions in environmental health.
Where Have All the Doctors Gone?
Authors: EARL P. STEINBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Public concern about physician manpower is becoming increasingly focused on the distribution of physicians across specialties. Although an optimal mix of physicians has not been clearly defined, most interested parties agree that more primary care doctors are needed. We examine economic, psychological, and organizational incentives that tend to induce physicians to pursue careers in subspecialties rather than primary care. The existing incentive structure needs to be examined more closely and will almost certainly have to be redesigned if efforts to redeploy physician manpower are to be successful.
Combined Childhood Immunizations
Authors: Peter R. Paradiso
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Clemens et al<sup>1</sup>states the need for care when assessing potential interference in combination of or even simultaneous administration of pediatric vaccines. Their data showed reductions in the response to pertussis antigens, especially when diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and polyribosylribitol phosphate polysaccharide tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) are combined, and are in concert with the reduced response to the PRP-T in the combined vaccine shown by Ferreccio et al.<sup>2</sup> However, these conclusions cannot be generalized to other combinations of DTP and<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b conjugates since the<i>Haemophilus</i>components are different. We have studied the effect of HibTITER (HbOC; diphtheria CRM<sub>197</sub>oligosaccharide conjugate vaccine) on the response of infants in the United States at 7 months to each of the components of DTP after vaccination at 2,4, and 6 months of age. The data showed no effect of simultaneous administration of DTP and
Cardiac positron emission tomography. A report for health professionals from the Committee on Advanced Cardiac Imaging and Technology of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association.
Authors: R O Bonow, D S Berman, R J Gibbons, L L Johnson, J A Rumberger, M Schwaiger, F J Wackers
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Cardiac Imaging and Technology of the Council on Clinical Cardiology addresses the use of positron emission tomography (PET) as a clinical tool for the diagnosis and management of patients with coronary artery disease.Over the past decade PET technology has evolved to the point that clinical PET studies can be performed safely and efficiently in the evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.Two specific uses of PET in management of coronary artery disease have been proposed: 1) noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease and estimation of its severity and 2) assessment of myocardial viability in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.The diagnostic use of PET would apply to a large number of patients, whereas its use to assess myocardial viability would apply to a smaller, more select number of patients.As of February 1991, the available data that have emerged from the few centers with sufficient experience in cardiac PET indicate that this promising and advanced imaging modality can often provide accurate information in both of these clinical situations.PET allows more sensitive data acquisition than single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).In addition, coincidence detection provides a means of measuring tissue photon attenuation for subsequent correction of emission data.In clinical practice, such attenuation correction results in improved delineation of regional tracer concentration compared with cur- rent SPECT methods.Present-generation whole-body PET scanners provide multislice capabilities (up to 31 tomographic levels simultaneously) with an in-plane "Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography" was approved by the American Heart Association Steering Committee on February 14, 1991.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of proapoptotic CD95-EGF receptor interactions in Huh7 cells
Authors: Andrea Eberle, Roland Reinehr, Stephan Becker, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Hyperosmolarity- and CD95 ligand (CD95L)-induced interactions between CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) involve EGFR-catalyzed CD95 tyrosine phosphorylation. Such interactions were studied by means of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and CD95 receptor mutagenesis in Huh7 hepatoma cells. In cells cotransfected with EGFR-cyan fluorescent protein and CD95-yellow fluorescent protein, FRET studies showed a rapid, hyperosmolarity-induced, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase-dependent CD95-EGFR association in the cytosol with subsequent microtubule-dependent translocation of the protein complex to the plasma membrane. Inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity by AG1478 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate had no effect on hyperosmotic CD95-EGFR association in the cytosol but prevented CD95 tyrosine phosphorylation, targeting of the protein complex to the plasma membrane, and formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). The requirement of EGFR-mediated CD95 tyrosine phosphorylation for hyperosmotic and CD95L-induced CD95 membrane targeting and DISC formation was also shown in CD95 mutagenesis experiments. CD95 mutants with tyrosine-phenylalanine exchanges at positions 232 and 291 failed to translocate to the plasma membrane and to recruit Fas-associated death domain and caspase 8, although these mutants still associated with the EGFR in the cytosol in response to hyperosmolarity and CD95L. Cells transfected with these mutants were also resistant to CD95L-induced apoptosis. Single mutations of tyrosine 91, 232, and 291 failed to inhibit CD95 membrane targeting, DISC formation, or CD95L-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, we identify EGFR-CD95 interaction and phosphorylation of critical CD95 tyrosine residues as important early events in hyperosmotic and CD95L-induced CD95 activation and apoptosis induction.
Kienbock??s Disease: Scintigraphic Demonstration in Correlation with Clinical, Radiographic, and Pathologic Findings
Authors: RAYMOND B. DUONG, HIROSHI NISHIYAMA, JOSEPH C. MANTIL, JOHN D. BEVER, SUSAN LUU DUONG, SUSAN WEINBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

DUONG, RAYMOND B. M.D.; NISHIYAMA, HIROSHI M.D.; MANTIL, JOSEPH C. M.D., PhD.; BEVER, JOHN D. M.D.; DUONG, SUSAN LUU M.D.; WEINBERG, SUSAN M.D. Author Information
Metastasizing Bronchial Adenoma
Authors: William G. Anlyan
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The purpose of this case report is to present a sixth patient with the functioning carcinoid syndrome due to a metastasizing bronchial adenoma of the carcinoid type. A review of the literature is not intended, since the first four such cases are included in the recent review on serotonin by Sjoerdsma;<sup>1</sup>a more recent fifth case was reported by Schneckcloth, Mclsaac, and Page.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3><h3>History.—</h3> A 59-year-old man was admitted to Duke Hospital for the first time on Nov. 19, 1959, with the chief complaints of weakness and irrational speech of three days' duration. The patient had been in excellent health until one year prior to admission, when he noted increasing fatigability. Although the fatigue was gradually progressive, he continued working without any specific complaints until three and one-half months prior to admission, when he noted the onset of intermittent, nonradiating left shoulder pain, which
Junior doctors still told to attend interviews as applications process flounders
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

UK NEWS UK Biobank gets 10% response rate as it starts recruiting volunteers, p659 World NEWS US �u�ge bans use o�� ter�� �lig�t cigarette�� �orl��i�e, p65� US �u�ge bans use o�� ter�� �lig�t cigarette�� �orl��i�e
Biological effect of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs present in the oil causing yusho and yu-cheng.
Authors: N Kunita, S Hori, H Obana, T Otake, H Nishimura, T Kashimoto, N Ikegami
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were daily given orally for 22 days a regimen consisting of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1 mg/day; polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQs), 1 mg/day; polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 10 micrograms/day; or a mixture of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs (Mix-1, 1 mg + 1 mg + 10 micrograms/day). Female Cynomolgus monkeys were daily administered PCBs (5 mg), PCQs (5 mg) or a mixture (Mix-2) containing 5 mg PCBs + 20 micrograms PCDFs for 20 weeks. The PCBs, and PCDFs had the components of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs similar to those contained in Japanese yusho oils, respectively. The PCB-treated rats and monkeys showed hepatic hypertrophy, immunosuppression and increased drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in hepatic microsomes, but were devoid of the dermal symptoms characteristic of yusho. PCQs caused an increase in drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in hepatic microsomes and immunosuppression in monkeys, but these effects were much smaller than those found with PCBs treatment. On the other hand, treatment with PCDF or Mix-1 or Mix-2 caused hypertrophy of the liver, immunosuppression, increase in drug-metabolizing enzyme activities of hepatic microsome to much greater extent than observed with PCBs, being more than 100 times as effective as PCBs. In addition PCDFs and the mixtures containing PCDFs caused weight loss and thymic atrophy. PCDFs and Mix-2-treated monkeys showed the dermal symptoms that are characteristic of yusho patients but were not observed in monkeys treated with PCBs and PCQs alone. These results suggest that PCDFs are the primary causative agent of yusho.
Tuberculous Granulomatous Inflammation Associated with Adenoma of Parathyroid Gland Manifesting as Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Dilip K Kar, Gaurav Agarwal, Bhavna Mehta, Jyotsna Agarwal, Ramesh K Gupta, Tapan N Dhole, Saroj K Mishra
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2001)
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection induced alteration of gene expression in human gastric cells
Authors: C-C Chiou, C-C Chan, D-L Sheu, K-T Chen, Y-S Li, E-C Chan
Journal: Gut (2001)

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori , a human pathogen responsible for many digestive disorders, induces complex changes in patterns of gene expression in infected tissues. cDNA expression arrays provide a useful tool for studying these complex phenomena. AIM To identify genes that showed altered expression after H pylori infection of human gastric cells compared with uninfected controls. METHODS The gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS was cocultivated with H pylori . Growth of infected cells was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay. Complementary DNA probes derived from H pylori treated and untreated cells were hybridised to two identical Atlas human cDNA expression arrays, and those genes with altered expression levels were identified. A real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was used to better define expression patterns of these genes in endoscopically gastric mucosal biopsies with and without H pylori infection. RESULTS Over 24 hours, coincubation with H pylori inhibited AGS cell growth but did not cause a noticeable degree of cell death. H pylori treatment altered the pattern of gene expression in AGS cells. We identified 21 overexpressed genes and 17 suppressed genes from the cDNA expression arrays. The majority of genes were transcription factors such as c-jun , BTEB2 , and ETR101 . Other genes were involved in signal transduction pathways, such as MAP kinase, interleukin 5, and insulin-like growth factor. Genes involved in cell cycle regulation and differentiation, such as CDC25B and NM23-H2 , were also identified. In patients with H pylori infection (n=20), there was a significant difference for ERCC3 , Id-2 , and NM23-H2 mRNA levels in infected gastric mucosa compared with uninfected gastric mucosa in patients without peptic diseases (n=20) ( ERCC3 4.75 molecules/10 4 β-actin mRNA molecules v 13.65, p&lt;0.001; Id-2 16.1 v 23.4, p&lt;0.05; NM23-H2 17.5 v 45.5, p&lt;0.001). There was no significant difference between mRNA levels of c-jun and CDC25B in H pylori colonised gastric mucosa and uninfected mucosa. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that H pylori infection caused alteration of gene expression in AGS cells. The differential hybridisation technique of Atlas human cDNA expression array is a useful method to identify host genes involved in pathogenic mechanisms in H pylori infection.
Neutralization of lipopolysaccharide effects in liver diseases, the quest for the holy grail
Authors: Arnaud Galbois, Dominique Thabut, Richard Moreau, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article in HEPATOLOGY by Nolan on the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in liver injury.1 This review, written by a pioneer of this approach, details the main studies that progressively established gut-derived LPS as a key cofactor in acute and chronic liver disease in the last half-century and more recent studies that tried to prevent LPS-induced damages by reducing or by neutralizing plasma LPS or proinflammatory cytokines. However, we think some important recent studies should have been discussed in this review. Among the studies exploring possibilities to neutralize LPS, those which assessed the effects high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have not been mentioned.2-4 HDL particles are multifunctional lipoprotein complexes that transport lipids and have several anti-inflammatory properties. In cirrhosis, HDL plasma concentrations are decreased and could impair the host's ability to neutralize LPS.3 In cirrhotic rats with ascites, two recent studies have shown that HDL administration reduced the effects of LPS on tumor necrosis factor-α production2, 4 and systemic hemodynamics, restoring liver endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and decreasing portal pressure.2 These studies suggest that the excessive proinflammatory response to LPS in cirrhosis may be attributable, at least in part, to reduced LPS neutralization by HDL. Incubation of whole blood with reconstituted HDL prevents LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 overproduction by monocytes of patients with cirrhosis.3 Therefore, we believe that restoring HDL content in patients with cirrhosis may be a research avenue to follow in the future. We are conscious that mentioning all the studies related to this crucial subject is very difficult, but we think that the studies we report here are worth being cited in such a review.
A CASE OF TULAREMIA
Authors: W. L. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1925)

A. L., a man, aged 58, a locomotive engineer, while oiling his engine preparatory to leaving El Paso at 8 p. m., Aug. 17, 1925, was bitten by an insect just above the prominence of the left cheek, three-fourths inch below and to the left of the eye. He noticed that it was an unusual bite, and thought it must have been made by a very large mosquito. He made his run and by midnight began to have swelling in the region of the bite and pain in the glands on the corresponding side of his neck. He slept the following day. When he got up at 5 p. m., the glands were much swollen and were very tender and painful; there was considerable swelling at the site of the injury. He had no appetite and thinks he had fever at that time. He brought his train back to El
Charles Douglas Needham
Authors: P. F Jones
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant physician Aberdeen (b 1915; q Middlesex Hospital, London, 1939; MD, FRCP), d 7 June 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After working in Aberdeen as a registrar, Douglas Needham served in the Royal Army Medical Corps in northwest Europe and India. He was appointed consultant physician in Aberdeen in 1948. He assembled a substantial practice in gastroenterology, which soon showed the need for a specialist appointment and, over time, he saw the emergence of the present four-consultant unit. Early on Douglas revealed the potential of clinical audit in his community based studies of alimentary tract haemorrhage, published in 1950 and in 1973, and of colorectal cancer in 1980. He leaves a wife, Margaret; three children; and four grandchildren.
Re: Risk of Subsequent Cancer Following Breast Cancer in Men
Authors: K. Hemminki, C. Granstrom
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Risk of Subsequent Cancer Following Breast Cancer in MenAuvinen et al.(1) published results on male breast cancer based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 1 data source.They showed a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for contralateral breast cancer of 29.64 in 12 individuals.Melanoma was also in excess after breast cancer (SIR ‫ס‬ 2.41).However, when breast cancer was analyzed as a second primary cancer after any other type of cancer, no statistically significant increases were observed.In 2001, we published a study of male breast cancer, in which we showed an SIR for second primary breast cancer to be 93.1 (N ‫ס‬ 8, 95% confidence interval [CI] ‫ס‬ 39.8 to 184.3) (2).We had no information on laterality, but the SIR was highest (111.7) 10 to 38 years after the first breast cancer, suggesting that the second cancer was not a recurrence of the first cancer.The data were derived from the 1999 update of the Swedish Family-Cancer Database [see supplementary information to reference (3) for more information on the Database].However, we did not study other cancers that appeared after the first breast cancer.Here, we determined SIRs for first and second primary male breast cancer and for first breast cancer in daughters of male probands from a more recent update of the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, covering the years 1961 through 1998 (3).Follow-up for second primary cancer began at the time of diagnosis of the first primary cancer and provided the observed number of cases.Expected numbers of cases were obtained from the corresponding population in the Database.SIRs were adjusted for age, time period, geographic region, and socioeconomic status, and data on females were also adjusted for parity and age at first birth.We derived SIRs for some common cancers that were diagnosed after first male breast cancer (N ‫ס‬ 552) and for breast cancer that was diagnosed after any other primary cancer (Table 1),
Antimicrobial susceptibility of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>isolated from children with impetigo in China from 2003 to 2007 shows community-associated methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>to be uncommon and heterogeneous
Authors: Y. Liu, F. Kong, X. Zhang, M. Brown, L. Ma, Y. Yang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from children with impetigo in China from 2003 to 2007 shows community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus to be uncommon and heterogeneous Get access Y. Liu, Y. Liu Departments of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Kong, F. Kong Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead, NSW, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Zhang, X. Zhang Departments of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Brown, M. Brown Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead, NSW, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Ma, L. Ma Departments of Dermatology, Lin Ma. E‐mail: bch_maleen@yahoo.com.cn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Yang Y. Yang Microbiology and Immunology (Pediatric Research Institute), Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 56, Nan Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100045, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 6, 1 December 2009, Pages 1347–1350, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09376.x Published: 01 December 2009
A ROSACEA-LIKE ERUPTION OF CHILDREN
Authors: J. A. SAVIN, SUZANNE ALEXANDER, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article A ROSACEA‐LIKE ERUPTION OF CHILDREN Get access J. A. SAVIN, J. A. SAVIN Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SUZANNE ALEXANDER, SUZANNE ALEXANDER Department of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. MARKS R. MARKS The Institute of Dermatology, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 87, Issue 5, 1 November 1972, Pages 425–429, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb01589.x Published: 01 November 1972 Article history Accepted: 19 April 1972 Published: 01 November 1972