tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Anatomy for Emergency Medicine
Authors: John H. van de Leuv
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Why review an anatomy text? What can one say about it? Good drawings, excellent photographs, clear accompanying text. What else? This text is different. It is directed specifically to the emergency physician, and the authors have made the text unique among anatomy books. The division into basic, surface, and clinical anatomy is extremely useful to the emergency physician. When a question arises about the anatomy of a certain body part, all the information is there for the perusing. The text is not just a compilation of pictures with descriptions of component parts. Yes, the conventional has been included. But even in the basic anatomy sections, significant and useful clinical notes are supplied. These notes are pertinent to emergency medicine. The basic anatomy drawings and photographs are very good. I would only wish that line drawings accompanying radiographs appeared on the same or facing pages. This would eliminate having to constantly
Abstract 522: Revealing the complexity of cancer associated small non-coding RNAs by next generation sequencing (NGS) and low-density array
Authors: Francesca Montani, Matteo Marzi, Rose Mary Carletti, Pier Paolo Di Fiore, Francesco Nicassio
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background. The recent development of high-throughput sequencing technologies (Next Generation Sequencing - NGS) provided instruments to reveal the complexity of nucleic acids, highlighting the existence of numerous species of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a significant regulatory role in complex organisms, impacting on both physiology and disease. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as “next-generation” markers for their ability to unambiguously distinguish cellular states, including SCs, progenitors and differentiated cells, as well as tumour types, even among closely related cancers or in different biological fluids. However, a comprehensive approach for the identification and characterization of small non-coding RNAs from pathological samples (blood, FFPE, primary cultures) has not been established nor compared with current available methodologies (i.e. QPCR). Aim: Our aim is to develop a simultaneous and comparative protocol for the analysis of small non-coding RNAs from pathological samples, which encompasses both high-throughput QPCR and sequencing analysis in order to reveal the complexity of cancer associated small ncRNAs. Results: An optimized protocol to analyse small ncRNAs from different pathological samples has been developed and compared with high-throughput QPCR. Both platforms resulted as highly efficient and quantitative, although NGS manages to score many molecules and RNA species that could not be analysed by current QPCR platforms, thus revealing a major complexity of cancer associated non-coding RNAs. Conclusion: We propose that the combined use of NGS and QPCR platforms would allow a wider and more detailed analysis of ncRNAs, expanding our ability to fish out robust and efficient molecular markers for diagnostic (early detection), prognostic or therapeutic use. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Francesca Montani, Matteo Marzi, Rose Mary Carletti, Pier Paolo Di Fiore, Francesco Nicassio. Revealing the complexity of cancer associated small non-coding RNAs by next generation sequencing (NGS) and low-density array. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 522. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-522
Oxidative Stress in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Vuokko L. Kinnula, Cheryl L. Fattman, Roderick J. Tan, Tim D. Oury
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Idiopathic ulmonary fibrosis (histopathology of usual interstitial pneumonia) is a progressive lung disease of unknown etiology. No treatment has been shown to improve the prognosis of the patients with this disease. Recent evidence, including the observations that the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have higher levels of oxidant stress than control patients, and a recent multicenter European study examining the effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine on the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis suggest that the cellular redox state may play a significant role in the progression of this disease. These complex mechanisms include activation of growth factors as well as regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and protease inhibitors. Potential future approaches for the therapy of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis may involve synthetic agents able to modulate cellular redox state. Investigation into therapeutic approaches to inhibit oxidant-mediated reactions in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis may provide hope for the future treatment of this disease.
Colon Cancer Mutation: Prognosis/Prediction–Response
Authors: Patrick G. Gavin, Soonmyung Paik, Greg Yothers, Kay L. Pogue-Geile
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

To address the question that Zaanan and colleagues have asked, we have generated Kaplan–Meier (K-M) curves for the time-to-recurrence (TTR) end point to determine the magnitude of benefit from oxaliplatin treatment by mismatch repair (MMR) status in patients from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project C-07 (Fig. 1) and to determine the effect size of MMR in oxaliplatin-treated patients (FLOX or mFOLFOX6) from C-07 or C-08 (Fig. 2). The plots suggest that only patients with MMR proficient (MMRp) may receive benefit from the addition of oxaliplatin to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) + leucovorin; however, the oxaliplatin (oxali)–MMR interaction is not significant (P = 0.62; Fig. 1) and the analysis is severely underpowered to make a definitive conclusion due to the low number of patients and recurrences with MMR deficient (MMRd). In patients treated with oxaliplatin (FLOX or mFOLFOX6), 3-year TTR is 78.0% and 87.6%, respectively, for patients with MMRp and MMRd (P = 0.03; Fig. 2).See the original Letter to the Editor, p. 1300No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Influence of exercise adherence level on modifiable coronary heart disease risk factors and functional-fitness levels in middle-aged men.
Authors: E S Wallace, J A White, A Downie, G Dalzell, D Doran
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

The study investigated the potential health benefits of two levels of short-term exercise intervention, compared with non-intervention, on selected modifiable coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and functional fitness states in middle-aged men. All subjects underwent medical screening and signed informed consent before carrying out a standardized graded treadmill walk which required exercise up to 85% of age-predicted maximal heart rate. The results of the test were used together with musculoskeletal fitness assessments, for the prescription of a personalized exercise programme lasting 14 weeks. In all, 55 subjects were classified by adherence into high (HA, n = 20), low (LA, n = 19), or non-adherence (NA, n = 16) groups according to the degree of documented participation in the programme based on standard criteria (American College of Sports Medicine 1978, 1990). In addition, the respective groups of subjects were classified according to other modifiable and non-modifiable CHD risk factors and compared by self-reported levels of activity and sport involvement as well as perceived body weight classification. The results indicated that there were more comprehensive improvements in functional fitness including significant gains in aerobic endurance capacity, muscular endurance and flexibility in the HA group compared with the LA and NA groups. However, there was little or no change in the modifiable CHD risk factors in any of the respective groups, although anthropometric indices of weight, body mass index (BMI), skinfolds and waist:hips ratio tended to decrease in the HA and LA groups but increased marginally in the NA group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biographical Sketches from the R.C.S
Authors: E. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1970)

useful for experimental work, and also more dangerous.Tuberculosis and dysentery are well recognized diseases that may pass from monkey to man-or the other way-but in recent years three virus diseases have come into prominence as serious hazards in the primate laboratory: namely, B-virus, mild in macaques but often fatal in man; rabies, far from rare in monkeys and fatal in them and in man; and Marburg virus, hitherto unrecognized in African monkeys and often fatal in man.The absence of further similar infections cannot be assumed.A report on the hazards of handling such dangerous laboratory animals is, therefore, timely.There is here a wealth of practical information to help those who have to use monkeys in their work.The section on breeding simians is short, but it suggests that in time most laboratory simians will come, like rats and mice, from special breeding colonies.W. LANE-PETTER.
CORONARY PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS DURING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN THE PRESENCE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION: INSIGHTS FROM CORONARY WAVE INTENSITY ANALYSIS
Authors: Kalpa De Silva, Balrik Kailey, Jordi Alastruey–Arimon, Matthew Lumley, Michael Marber, Sven Plein, Simon Redwood, Divaka Perera
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Proabsorptive and prosecretory roles for nitric oxide in cholera toxin induced secretion
Authors: J L Turvill, F H Mourad, M J G Farthing
Journal: Gut (1999)

Background Cholera toxin causes small intestinal hypersecretion by inducing a coordinated response from enterocytes, enterochromaffin cells, enteric neurones, and the vascular supply. Nitric oxide has been implicated in the function of these separate components. Aims To explore the role of nitric oxide in the totality of cholera toxin induced secretion in vivo. Methods One group of adult male Wistar rats was treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester ( l -NAME; subcutaneously or intraluminally), N G -methyl- l -arginine ( l -NMA), or 7-nitroindazole. A second group of rats was treated with l -arginine (intraperitoneally or intraluminally) or d -arginine. The small intestine was isolated between two cannulae and instilled with 75 μg cholera toxin or saline for two hours. Small intestinal perfusion of a plasma electrolyte solution containing [ 14 C]-PEG was undertaken to determine net water and electrolyte movement. After the experiment macroscopic and microscopic intestinal appearances were noted and jejunal 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations were determined. Results Both l -arginine and l -NAME induced secretion in the basal state, but only when administered intraluminally. Systemically applied l -NAME caused a dose dependent reduction in cholera toxin induced secretion. This was paralleled by l -NMA but not by 7-nitroindazole or by intraluminally applied l -NAME. Systemically applied l -NAME caused notable cyanosis of the intestine, consistent with mesenteric ischaemia, but no microscopic abnormalities. Systemically applied l -arginine but not d -arginine also reduced cholera toxin induced secretion and inhibited 5-hydroxytryptamine release. Conclusion Nitric oxide has a duality of roles in cholera toxin induced secretion, acting both as an absorbagogue and a secretagogue. Its mechanisms of action include the maintenance of mucosal perfusion and enterochromaffin cell stabilisation.
The antinuclear autoantibodies Sp100 and gp210 persist after orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Birgit Luettig, Klaus H.W. Boeker, Werner Schoessler, Hans Will, Stephanie Loges, Eleonore Schmidt, Howard J. Worman, M. Eric Gershwin, Michael P. Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)

Background/Aims: Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune liver disease which is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against mitochondrial components which belong to the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex. Apart from antibodies against mitochondrial components, primary biliary cirrhosis patients often show antibodies against nuclear components, of which anti-Sp100 and anti-gp210 are considered to be disease specific. We investigated the incidence and course of antibodies against nuclear components in primary biliary cirrhosis patients before and after liver transplantation. Methods: Sera from 42 primary biliary cirrhosis patients were studied using indirect immunofluorescnece to detect antibodies against mitochondrial components and antibodies against nuclear components, ELISA to detect anti-Sp100, and immunoblot analysis to detect anti-gp210 and antibodies against nuclear components subtypes. Results: Ninety-three percent of primary biliary cirrhosis patients in our study were antimitochondrial antibody positive. Forty-three percent of the patients were antinuclear antibody positive. Of these, 35% had antibodies against Sp100 and 36% were positive for anti-gp210. After transplantation, antimitochondrial antibody titers as well as antinuclear antibody titers decreased in all patients. Autoantibodies in low titer persisted for up to 13 years. The pattern of nuclear autoantigens recognized by patient sera was unchanged after liver transplantation. However, the antinuclear antibody pattern was very different between the individual patients. Anti-Sp100 and anti-gp210 were not detected in sera of patients with autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis C infection, inflammatory bowel disease, connective tissue diseases, or primary sclerosing cholangitis. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was not different in antinuclear antibody negative or positive patients before or after transplantation. Conclusions: We conclude that the persistence of antibodies against mitochondrial components, and anti-Sp100 and anti-gp210 in primary biliary cirrhosis patients after liver transplantation is disease specific, but that this does not reflect recurrent disease activity in the graft.
Clinical Phonocardiography
Authors: Morton E. Tavel
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The clinician is often confronted with an intense systolic murmur, heard maximally at the base, but also well at the apex. Among the several causes for such a murmur, aortic stenosis is usually an important consideration. Simple tests to assess the presence and severity of aortic stenosis are particularly important, since for definitive evaluation, the relatively difficult and hazardous technique of catheterization of the left side of the heart is required. The phonocardiogram, together with the indirect carotid-pulse tracing, provides a safe means to obtain valuable information about the condition of the aortic valve and surrounding structures. Stenosis in the aortic region may be confined to the valve or involve the tissues immediately above or below this structure. Moreover, the narrowing may be "fixed," meaning that its caliber remains constant throughout the cardiac cycle, or it may be variable, as in the case of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (muscular subvalvar
Bone Imaging in Unusually Massive Breast Carcinoma with Chest Wall Invasion
Authors: LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Uptake of osteortopic radionuclide within the breast has been reported in a variety of benign and malignant diseases. The author presents a case of diffuse unilateral uptake within a massively enlarged breast, secondary to inflammatory breast carcinoma. Recognltion of the Incomplete rim sign localized the activity within the breast. A central focus of increased activity was suspicious for chest wall invasion and was subsequently conflrmed by CT scan.
Oncogenic Osteomalacia — A Complex Dance of Factors
Authors: Thomas O. Carpenter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Oncogenic osteomalacia has fascinated physiology-minded physicians for decades. The traditional name for this peculiar disorder connotes its classification as a paraneoplastic phenomenon. Such a characterization is a bit off the mark, however, in that the involved "neoplasm" is often (but not always) of limited clinical significance apart from its causal role in the musculoskeletal disease. Tumors responsible for oncogenic osteomalacia are usually benign rather than invasive, whereas generalized, debilitating osteomalacia and rickets are the important clinical problems for the patient. The assay for the measurement of circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), the development of which is described . . .
Tuberculosis management in EuropeRecommendations of a Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) Europe Region.
Authors: None Task Force of ERS, WHO and the Europe Region of IUATLD, G.b Migliori, M.c Raviglione, T Schaberg, P.D.o Davies, J.p Zellweger, M Grzemska, T Mihaescu, L Clancy, L Casali
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The objective of tuberculosis (TB) control is the elimination of TB by stopping the transmission of the disease [1±3].This is achieved through the rapid identification and effective treatment of infectious cases [1±3].Modern anti-TB chemotherapy is based on the principle of administering properly selected standardized therapeutic schemes at proper dosage for a sufficient duration [4].Although, in several European countries, national guidelines, have been produced to standardize diagnostic and treatment procedures, as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) [1±3], a comprehensive document focused on TB management in Europe is not available.[1, 5±7].As TB still remains a relevant public health problem in Europe [8±11], a European Task Force was established within the European Respiratory Society (ERS), involving ERS, WHO and IUATLD experts, to produce guide-lines on TB management in Europe specifically designed for specialists treating TB patients.The guidelines, which are consistent with WHO/IUATLD documents previously published in Europe, are particularly focused on standardized anti-TB treatment, treatment result monitoring and treatment in special situations.
The Rush Monument Fund.
Authors: William B. Atkinson
Journal: JAMA (1889)

The attention of the secretaries of county medical societies throughout the United States is called to the resolution adopted at the meeting of the American Medical Association at Newport, " that one member of each county medical society in the Union be appointed to solicit funds for the<i>Rush Monument</i>," and they are requested, at the next meeting of their several societies, to ask that such a member be designated for this purpose, and to send his name and address either to the undersigned, or to Medical Director Albert L. Gihon, U. S. N., Chairman of the Rush Monument Committee, U. S. Naval Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y. All subscriptions, however, should be remitted directly to the Treasurer of the Rush Monument Committee, Dr. DeWitt C. Patterson, 919 T street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 1400 Pine-street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Laparoscopic versus minilaparotomy cholecystectomy: a randomised trial
Authors: A.J. McMahon, J.N. Baxter, J.R. Anderson, G. Ramsay, P.J. O'Dwyer, I.T. Russell, S. Ross, G. Sutherland, D. Galloway, C.G. Morran
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Treatment of anemia in low risk myelodysplastic syndromes with granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus recombinant human erythropoietin
Authors: T Economopoulos, S Mellou, E Papageorgiou, V Pappa, V Kokkinou, E Stathopoulou, M Pappa, S Raptis
Journal: Leukemia (1999)
New citizens' juries in breast screening review are biased
Authors: H. Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It is now acknowledged that women need better information when deciding about breast screening.1 This is not a new recommendation.2

But is a poorly conceived (illegitimate?) citizens’ jury an appropriate method to “consider ways of presenting to eligible women, data on benefits and harms of breast screening arising from the Marmot review”?3

On 11 October 2012, I accepted an …
Number needed to treat I
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Researchers evaluated the effectiveness of a single application of topical chloramphenicol ointment in preventing wound infection after minor dermatological surgery.1 They conducted a placebo controlled double blind multicentre trial. Control treatment was a single application of paraffin ointment. In total, 448 minor surgery patients were allocated to chloramphenicol and 484 to placebo.

The primary outcome was incidence of infection within 30 days of the minor skin excision. The incidence of infection in the chloramphenicol group was 6.6% compared with 11.0% in the control group (P=0.010). The absolute reduction in infection rate was 4.4%, whereas the relative risk …
1136-80 Postconditioning by repetitive I/R cycles subsequent to myocardial ischemia protects the rat heart from infarction and is dependent on the activation of PI 3-kinase and mTOR
Authors: Christof Weinbrenner, Claudia Reußner, Susanne Sütterlin, László Sárváry, Ruth H Strasser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Genome wide scan in a Flemish inflammatory bowel disease population: support for the IBD4 locus, population heterogeneity, and epistasis
Authors: S Vermeire
Journal: Gut (2004)

Genome wide scans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have indicated various susceptibility regions with replication of 16cen (IBD1), 12q (IBD2), 6p (IBD3), 14q11 (IBD4), and 3p21. As no linkage was previously found on IBD regions 3, 7, 12, and 16 in Flemish IBD families, a genome wide scan was performed to detect other susceptibility regions in this population.A cohort of 149 IBD affected relative pairs, all recruited from the Northern Flemish part of Belgium, were genotyped using microsatellite markers at 12 cM intervals, and analysed by Genehunter non-parametric linkage software. All families were further genotyped for the three main Crohn's disease associated variants in the NOD2/CARD15 gene.Nominal evidence for linkage was observed on chromosomes 1 (D1S197: multipoint non-parametric linkage (NPL) score 2.57, p = 0.004; and at D1S305-D1S252: NPL 2.97, p = 0.001), 4q (D4S406: NPL 1.95, p = 0.03), 6q16 (D6S314: NPL 2.44, p = 0.007), 10p12 (D10S197: NPL 2.05, p = 0.02), 11q22 (D11S35-D11S927: NPL 1.95, p = 0.02) 14q11-12 (D14S80: NPL 2.41, p = 0.008), 20p12 (D20S192: NPL 2.7, p = 0.003), and Xq (DXS990: NPL 1.70, p = 0.04). A total of 51.4% of patients carried at least one NOD2/CARD15 variant. Furthermore, epistasis was observed between susceptibility regions 6q/10p and 20p/10p.Genome scanning in a Flemish IBD population found nominal evidence for linkage on 1p, 4q, 10p12, and 14q11, overlapping with other genome scan results, with linkage on 14q11-12 supporting the IBD4 locus. The results further show that epistasis is contributing to the complex model of IBD and indicate that population heterogeneity is not to be underestimated. Finally, NOD2/CARD15 is clearly implicated in the Flemish IBD population.
The role of learning in normative and non-normative behavior
Authors: Stephanie Stolarz-Fantino, Edmund Fantino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

There are good reasons why social psychologists have emphasized the negative side of human reasoning. They are simply following humans' tendency to pay particular attention to unusual occurrences. Attempts to refocus attention onto a wider range of behavior should include the influence of learning on both normative and non-normative behavior.