tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carrier Rates of Staphylococci in Preschool and School-Age Children
Authors: Charles Hart Enzer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Though the conclusions of M. I. Page et al in the article titled "The Nasal Carriage of Staphylococci Among Children of a Rural Community" (<i>JAMA</i><b>183</b>:1063 [March 30] 1963) have important implications, their study raises these assumptions and questions of methodology: (1) Because of seasonal variations and because of the different patterns of congregation due to school and community activities, were the dates for each phase of the study—before treatment, treatment, and after treatment—synchronous for each child? (2) Since whether a child was of school age or not seemed to act as an independent variable (Tables 1 and 2), should not the subsequent tables have continued to so segregate the data, and should not the data be subjected to high order analysis? (3) Since 31% of the carriers during antibiotic treatment had "sensitive" strains (Table 4), was the bacteriological test reliable and valid, and was the
Hepatic Lipid in Morbid Obesity
Authors: R. Thomas Holzbach, Ralph G. Wieland, Charles S. Lieber, Leonore M. DeCarli, Keith R. Koepke, Sheldon G. Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Twenty-three massively obese patients (mean excess of ideal body weight of 137 per cent) underwent end-to-end jejunoileal bypass because of dietary treatment failure and complications of obesity. Histologic assessment was done on liver biopsies taken at operation and an average of 13 months later. Chemical measurement showed a mean (± S.D.) increase in total lipids from 110.7 ± 62.8 to 221.7 ± 180.2 mg per gram, and in triglycerides from 79.9 ± 63.3 to 177.2 ± 151.2 mg per gram (p<0.05). Phospholipid, free cholesterol and cholesterol esters were not significantly increased. Thus, controlled histologic estimates can provide a rough guide of lipid mass present in a given biopsy specimen within the range of 50 per cent. For purposes of experimental study, this degree of sensitivity and precision may be inadequate. Secondly, hepatic lipid accumulation does not correlate with degree of obesity. Thirdly, jejunoileal bypass for obesity is accompanied during the period of weight loss by a threefold incre...
Needle Reuse and Tip Damage
Authors: Douglas Kline, Terry Kuhn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Questions about needle reuse are raised in recommendations by the American Diabetes Association (1) and by practitioners and manufacturing companies (2). As an initial approach to examining these questions, we investigated whether multiple insertions of needles through the rubber stoppers on insulin vials would cause damage to needle tips (3). New needles were selected, attached to a precision manipulator, and inserted into insulin vials attached to a transducer that measured the force necessary …
Effect of Repeated Fluoroscopic Examinations on 1480 Children with a Long-Term Follow-up Study
Authors: Ann McA. Birch, David H. Baker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

MANY recent reports have raised the question of possible dangers from excessive radiation in diagnostic radiology. Genetic damage and leukemia are thought to be the principal risks. The exact minimal or threshold doses likely to have deleterious effects are disputed.1 2 3 4 In an attempt to determine the effects of ionizing radiation, if any, in serial fluoroscopies over a long period the records of patients attending the Rheumatic Cardiac Clinic at the New York Hospital were studied. These patients were chosen for several reasons: they comprised a large group; and both they and their families were followed for many years.A detailed . . .
OX40-OX40L interactions: a promising therapeutic target for allergic diseases?
Authors: Yui-Hsi Wang, Yong-Jun Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of atopy have shed light on potential targets for the development of new therapies for allergic diseases. In this issue of the JCI, Seshasayee et al. provide direct in vivo evidence that OX40 has critical roles in allergic inflammation mediated by thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) (see the related article beginning on page 3868). Blockade of interactions between OX40 on Th2 cells and OX40 ligand (OX40L) on TSLP-activated DCs using an OX40L-specific monoclonal antibody, inhibited Th2 cell–mediated immune responses in both mouse and nonhuman primate models of allergic inflammation. The results point to potential therapeutic approaches to targeting the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying TSLP-mediated allergic inflammation.
Alveolar echinococcosis: From a deadly disease to a well-controlled infection. Relative survival and economic analysis in Switzerland over the last 35 years
Authors: Paul R. Torgerson, Alexander Schweiger, Peter Deplazes, Maja Pohar, Jürg Reichen, Rudolf W. Ammann, Philip E. Tarr, Nerman Halkik, Beat Müllhaupt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Cancers Complicating Organ Transplantation
Authors: Israel Penn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Since 1968, when an increased incidence of lymphomas was noted in renal-transplant recipients,1 evidence has accumulated that organ transplantation, and the immunosuppressive therapy associated with it, are complicated by an increased incidence of certain cancers. Analysis of 5250 tumors that occurred in 4933 patients reported to the Cincinnati Transplant Tumor Registry (CTTR), a worldwide data base, reveals many striking findings.2 , 3 The frequency of cancers that are common in the general population (carcinomas of the lung, prostate, breast, and colon and invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix) is not increased among transplant recipients. However, a variety of cancers that are uncommon . . .
A new Technique for the Fiberendoscopic Passage through the S-type Loop of the Sigmoid Colon
Authors: P. Deyhle
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

A difficult part of coloscopy is the passage of the instrument through the sigmoid colon. Particularly difficulties are encountered in an attempt to advance the flexible coloscope into the descending colon when an S-type loop of the sigmoid colon exists.
Alcohol in the body
Authors: Alex Paton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Family history of breast cancer Referral guidelines changed after acceptance of 10 minute consultationEditor-In their 10 minute consultation on family history of breast cancer Lucassen and Watson drew attention to the recently published guidelines from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) on familial breast cancer. 1 2 It is unfortunate that the referral criteria were changed between the acceptance of this article in December 2003 and the final published guidelines in June 2004, which would result in the referral of the patient highlighted in the article for potential mammography screening, rather than for her reassurance.Women aged 40-49 years at moderate risk of breast cancer are entitled to annual mammograms. 2 The definition of moderate risk was based on a risk of at least 3% over the 10 year period from the age of 40 to 50.Available evidence, particularly from combined analyses of case-control studies of familial risks, 3 indicates that a woman reaches this category with a first degree relative (mother or sister) with breast cancer when younger than 40 years or two relatives on the same side of the family (one first degree and one second degree or two first degree) diagnosed at any age.The latter category differs from the draft NICE guidelines and previous referral criteria, which required that the two relatives be diagnosed at an average age of less than 60. 4 This age restriction was removed because it could not be justified on the basis of the available data.It should be noted, however, that referral on the basis of two elderly close relatives is likely to be restricted to the age groups of 30-49, with referral of only high risk groups (for example, two affected relatives diagnosed at an average age of less than 50 years) outside this age group.
T cell receptor V-segment frequencies in peripheral blood T cells correlate with human leukocyte antigen type.
Authors: B Gulwani-Akolkar, D N Posnett, C H Janson, J Grunewald, H Wigzell, P Akolkar, P K Gregersen, J Silver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

We compared T cell receptor (TCR) V-segment frequencies in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical siblings to sibling pairs who differ at one or both HLA haplotypes using four V beta-specific and one V alpha-specific monoclonal antibody. In every one of nine families HLA-identical sibs had the most similar patterns of V-segment frequencies in their peripheral blood, whereas totally mismatched sibs were, in general, the most dissimilar; HLA haploidentical sibs tended to be intermediate between the two groups. The degree of similarity among HLA-identical sibs was comparable to that observed among three pairs of identical twins suggesting that HLA is the major genetic component influencing TCR V-segment frequency. Consistent with this observation, it was found that the frequency of T cells expressing particular V beta segments was skewed towards either CD4+ or CD8+ cells indicating that T cells expressing some V beta genes may be positively selected primarily by class I or class II major histocompatibility complex proteins. Finally, it was observed that individuals who express the HLA class I specificity, B38, tend to express high levels of V alpha 2.3+ cells among their CD8+ T cells. These observations represent definitive proof that human V-segment frequencies are profoundly influenced by the HLA complex.
A CASE OF GASTRO-ENTEROSTOMY, COMBINED WITH GASTROSTOMY, FOR ULCERATION OF THE STOMACH, CAUSED BY SWALLOWING HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Authors: B. G. A. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (1907)

I HAvE recently had under my care a patient who, as the result of the accidental swallowing of a caustic fluid, suffered from extensive ulceration of the stomach, and consequent atenosia of the pylorus.The conditions dis- closed by operation, and the success of the procedure adopted, make the case worthy of note. History.Mrs. B., aged 28, was sent to me by Dr. T. MoC.Foley, of Saarborough.The history was that, seven weeks ago, she -drank "a few mouthfuls" of "spirits of salts" (hydrochloric acid) from a bottle, 'by mistake.She quickly realized the mis.ta.ke by reason of the onset of extremely severe pain in the ,mouth, throat and stomach; she did not vomit then.Within the next few days, the lips, mouth, and throat became very -sore, and the attempt to take any form of tfood was followed by severe pain and by -vomiting.For the last three weeks she thad been unable to take any food, either liquid or semi-solid, without great pain, -and almost instant 'vomiting.She had
STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE CELLS SUSCEPTIBLE TO HERITABLE CHANGES BY DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS
Authors: Hattie E. Alexander, Grace Leidy, Eros Hahn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

In E. influenzae the highly specific desoxyribonucleic acids (DNA's) which play the role of heredity determinants of type specificity and SM resistance, have induced these traits in only a small proportion of the population exposed to their action. The evidence suggests that this small proportion, "the susceptible cells" possess a property or substance needed by the DNA in order to induce an heritable change. The size of the small proportion of susceptible cells can be influenced significantly by a number of factors; when all the factors now to be listed are operating the frequency has not exceeded 1:1000. The Type of Origin of Recipient Cells.-Type a exhibits the lowest frequency, about 1:10,000,000, and type d the highest, approximately 1 per 1000 cells exposed. This type-specific property which controls the frequency of susceptible cells is an inherited trait; repeated change to a heterologous type shows no influence on the incidence of these cells. Concentration of DNA.-Within certain limits increase in the concentration of DNA controlling streptomycin resistance can increase the size of the proportion of cells in which streptomycin resistance can be induced. However, increases in concentrations greater than 10(-1) microg. per ml. have not induced streptomycin resistance in a higher proportion of cells. Phase of Growth Cycle.-Predictable fluctuations in frequency of induced heritable changes have been demonstrated in both Rb and Rd populations during growth. There is no evidence that susceptible cells reproduce their kind; they emerge in all experiments when the population reaches the end of the logarithmic period and a density of 2 to 4 x 10(8) cells per ml. In the early logarithmic phase it is difficult to demonstrate the presence of susceptible cells. The peak frequency of susceptible cells occurs in the early stationary phase of the growth cycle. Thereafter, the decline in frequency is a gradual one. The data suggest that in a given population the same cells are susceptible to a number of different type-specific DNA's and the DNA controlling SM resistance. Comparison of Frequency of Cells Susceptible to Different DNA's.-In a given population the frequency of cells susceptible to different type-specific DNA's and the DNA controlling streptomycin resistance is not significantly different. Competition between Type-Specific DNA's-The data suggest that DNA's of types a, b, and c compete for the same cells in Rd populations. When Rd populations are exposed simultaneously to 2 of these 3 DNA's in different concentrations the proportion which each type contributes to the total type-specific cells induced is closely correlated with the concentration of the corresponding DNA. Exclusion of DNA's.-Induction of one type specificity or streptomycin resistance can be completely prevented in a population containing susceptible cells by previous exposure for 15 minutes to a 1000-fold higher concentration of another type-specific DNA.
Abstract 2472: Acute colitis and colitis-associated cancer are exacerbated in mice deficient N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-4
Authors: Tzu-Ming Jao, Ming-Hong Tsai, Chi-Yen Huang, Sheng-Tai Tzeng, Jing-Xing Lee, Wei-Chen Lo, Che-Wei Chang, Ya-Chien Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract NDST4 is one member of N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) (NDST) family, which are responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis on a core protein to form heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). The HS chains of HSPGs bind to and regulate their functions of various growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. HSPGs ubiquitously reside on cell surface, inside the cell, and in the extracellular matrix. Importantly, the content and distribution of HSPGs are altered during tumorigenesis. In the study, 30 (57.7%) of 52 primary colorectal carcinomas showed a dramatic reduction in NDST4 RNA transcripts, and genetic loss of NDST4 was significantly associated with poor survival of patients with colorectal cancer. We further generated an Ndst4-knockout mouse strain, which could develop and reproduce normally. Notably, using the dextran sodium sulfate mouse model of acute colitis, Ndst4 deficiency resulted in a significantly higher disease activity index and obviously hyperemic appearance in the cecum. In the development of colitis-associated cancer, the size of colonic tumors induced by azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate was significantly increased in Ndst4-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, loss-of-function of NDST4 might impair the modification of HS chains of specific HSPGs leading to tumor-promoting inflammation in the colon. The full spectrum of signaling pathways contributed by NDST4 to colitis and tumor progression remains to be elucidated. Citation Format: Tzu-Ming Jao, Ming-Hong Tsai, Chi-Yen Huang, Sheng-Tai Tzeng, Jing-Xing Lee, Wei-Chen Lo, Che-Wei Chang, Ya-Chien Yang. Acute colitis and colitis-associated cancer are exacerbated in mice deficient N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-4. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2472. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2472
Natural Interferon Alfa for Treatment of Condylomata Acuminata
Authors: Alvin E. Friedman-Kien
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The activity of natural (leukocyte) interferon alfa in the treatment of condylomata acuminata was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Interferon alfa (Alferon N Injection) or placebo was injected into lesions twice weekly for up to eight weeks. Eighty-six patients were given interferon alfa, and 72 were given placebo. Eighty-six percent of interferon alfa-treated patients and 89% of placebo-treated patients had received previous therapy for condylomata acuminata. Side effects, usually flulike symptoms, occurred briefly after the injections; if present, they disappeared before the end of the third week of therapy. Treatment completely eliminated warts in 62% of interferon alfa-treated patients compared with only 21% of placebo-treated patients. Natural interferon alfa given intralesionally is an effective and safe treatment even in patients with recurrent or recalcitrant genital warts.
962-67 Dobutamine Stress has a Limited Value for Enhancing Flow Heterogeneity in the Presence of a Moderate Stenosis When Used in Conjunction with Tc99m-Sestamibi Imaging
Authors: James J. Yun, Joe C. Wu, Eliot N. Heller, Lawrence I. Deckelbaum, Donald P. Dione, YiHwa Liu, Frans J. Th. Wackers, Albert J. Sinusas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Domain 7 Suppresses Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression in Response to Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells
Authors: Mitesh V. Badiwala, Laura C. Tumiati, Jemy M. Joseph, Rohit Sheshgiri, Heather J. Ross, Diego H. Delgado, Vivek Rao
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (Egfl7) is a chemoattractant for endothelial cells, and its expression is restricted to endothelial cells. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced endothelial injury that occurs during transplantation contributes to the subsequent development of allograft vasculopathy. We investigated the effect of Egfl7 on endothelial cell intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression in response to H/R injury.Human coronary artery endothelial cells were submitted to hypoxia (0.1% O(2)) followed by normoxia (21% O(2)) in the presence or absence of Egfl7 (100 ng/mL). Hypoxia alone increased the expression of Egfl7×140±8% of control at 3 hours (n=6; P<0.05) and 385±50% of control at 6 hours (n=6; P<0.001). Incubation with Egfl7 during the reoxygenation period prevented intercellular adhesion molecule 1 upregulation (mean fluorescence intensity: 5.37±0.92 versus 3.81±0.21; P<0.05; n=4 per group). Nuclear factor-κB nuclear localization on H/R injury was blocked by Egfl7 administration (cytosolic/nuclear ratio of 0.93±0.01 versus 1.44±0.24; P<0.05; n=4 per group). Inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB protein level was significantly reduced on H/R injury (26±4.6% of control expression; P<0.05; n=4 per group); however, concurrent incubation with Egfl7 attenuated this reduction (46±6.2% of control expression; P<0.05 when compared with H/R injury alone; n=4 per group).Our study reveals the novel observation that hypoxia upregulates human coronary artery endothelial cells expression of Egfl7 and that Egfl7 inhibits expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 subsequent to H/R injury. Mechanistically, Egfl7 prevented nuclear factor-κB nuclear localization and augmented inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB protein levels, suggesting that it inhibits nuclear factor-κB activation, a key step in the inflammatory activation of endothelial cells. Egfl7 may be protective against H/R injury incurred during transplantation and may modulate the events that lead to the development of graft vasculopathy.
[101] PROMINENT CONTRIBUTION OF PORTAL MESENCHYMAL CELLS TO LIVER FIBROSIS IN TWO DIFFERENT MODELS OF SELF-LIMITED AND PERSISTENT CHOLESTATIC INJURY
Authors: M. Beaussier, D. Wendum, E. Schiffer, S. Dumont, C. Rey, A. Lienhart, C. Housset
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Both Bronchodilator Reversibility and FEV1/FVC, but Neither FEV1 Nor FEF25-75, Are Predictors of Future Acute Visits Among Urban Children and Adolescents with Persistent Asthma
Authors: Mary Jane C. Ong, Meredith C. McCormack, Gregory B. Diette, Patrick Breysse, Elizabeth Matsui
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Corrigendum to “Incidence and prevalence of cirrhosis in the United Kingdom, 1992–2001: A general population-based study” [J Hepatol 49 (2008) 732–738]
Authors: Kate M. Fleming, Guruprasad P. Aithal, Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran, Timothy R. Card, Joe West
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
1001-26 Exchange of beta-blocking therapy in heart failure patients. Experiences from the post study phase of COMET (the carvedilol or metoprolol European trial)
Authors: Andrea Di Lenarda, Philip A Poole-Wilson, John G Cleland, Peter Hanrath, Michel Komajda, Jacobus Lubsen, Beatrix Lutiger, Marco Metra, Willem J Remme, Armin Scherhag, Andrew Charlesworth, Christian Torp-Pedersen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The Joy of Uncircumcising! Restore Your Birthright and Maximize Sexual Pleasure
Authors: R S Kirby
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Jim Bigelow Hourglass, £16.95, pp 239 ISBN 0-9630482-1-X

Written in populist style, The Joy of Uncircumcising! is based on three premises: that infant circumcision is performed without consent; that circumcision diminishes penile sensation and therefore reduces sexual enjoyment; and that techniques of prepucial reconstruction can restore lost sensitivity to the glans penis.

Of these contentions, the first warrants the most serious consideration. There is no question that the widespread practice of infant circumcision, performed for cosmetic or religious indications, carries small …
Neuropeptide modulation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes in atopic dermatitis and non-atopic controls
Authors: D.J. GORDON, L.S. OSTLERE, C.A. HOLDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The neuropeptides substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are present in the nerve endings in the skin and SP is thought to be present at abnormal concentrations in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Th1 and Th2 imbalance in AD has been the focus of recent immunological investigations and a preferential Th2 response by atopic cells on stimulation has been proposed. We wished to establish whether neuropeptides acted on T cells to affect their cytokine profile directly, using an accessory cell-independent stimulus (anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and neuropeptides at several concentrations. We found that interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 release were lower in AD. SP had an enhancing effect on both IFN-gamma and IL-4 at physiological concentrations (10(-10)-10(-6) mol/L) in AD, which was significantly different from controls (P < 0.05). VIP had inhibitory effects over this range in AD and in controls. We conclude that these neuropeptides have a modest effect on T-cell cytokine release and that their action is not cytokine-specific.