tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary omega 3 fatty acids on vascular contractility in preanoxic and postanoxic aortic rings.
Authors: C D Malis, A Leaf, G S Varadarajan, J B Newell, P C Weber, T Force, J V Bonventre
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Vasomotor reactivity may contribute to the pathophysiology of ischemic injury. The atherosclerotic vessel may be particularly susceptible to vasoconstriction because of the damaged endothelial layer with resultant loss of vasodilatory factors. While dietary omega 3 fatty acids have been proposed to protect against vascular occlusion, it is not clear to what extent this results from alterations in the function of platelets or from changes intrinsic to the blood vessel itself. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of dietary supplementation with fish oils on vascular contractility were examined in endothelialized and de-endothelialized aortic rings under pre- and postanoxic conditions. De-endothelialization was defined functionally by the loss of acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in norepinephrine-preconstricted aortic rings from rats fed normal rat chow. Three groups of rats were fed diets containing either 20% menhaden oil or 20% beef tallow, both supplemented with 3% corn oil or 23% corn oil for longer than 4 weeks. All animals received vitamin E. Under well-oxygenated conditions, de-endothelialized aortic rings from rats fed fish oil and corn oil contracted to similar extents with norepinephrine and vasopressin and less than rings from rats fed beef tallow. Endothelialized (intact) and de-endothelialized rings from rats fed fish oil relaxed more in response to acetylcholine than rings from rats fed beef tallow and corn oil. After anoxic exposure and reoxygenation, KCl-induced contraction of intact rings from rats fed fish oil and corn oil was similar and less than rings from rats fed beef tallow. Intact and de-endothelialized rings from rats fed fish oil relaxed more to acetylcholine than did rings from rats fed beef tallow and corn oil. CONCLUSIONS Under preanoxic or postanoxic conditions, rings from rats fed fish oil and corn oil contracted less than rings from rats fed beef tallow. The relaxation response to acetylcholine, however, was greater in rings from rats fed fish oil than from rats fed either corn oil or beef tallow. These vascular effects of fish oil feeding may result in increased blood flow to ischemic and reperfused tissues in vivo.
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma Following Rapid Correction of Hyperglycemia
Authors: Deirdre R. Blake, David M. Nathan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Chronic hyperglycemia, associated with diabetes, leads to many ocular complications. The effects on the eye of rapidly correcting acute hyperglycemia, however, are less well appreciated.

A 59-year-old man with no prior history of diabetes presented to our hospital with several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, and blurred vision. He had last seen an ophthalmologist 3 years previously when, in addition to his known hyperopia, he was diagnosed with bilateral cataracts; intraocular pressures (IOPs) were normal at that time, and corrected visual acuity was 20/50 in oculus dexter (OD) and 20/20 in oculus sinister (OS).

Laboratory data on presentation included 118 mmol/l serum sodium, 5.7 mmol/l potassium, 54 mg/dl BUN, 1.6 mg/dl creatinine, and a normal anion gap of 10. The serum glucose was 1,550 mg/dl. …
Beta-blocker use and survival in patients with ventricular fibrillation or symptomatic ventricular tachycardia: the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) trial
Authors: Derek V. Exner, James A. Reiffel, Andrew E. Epstein, Robert Ledingham, Michael J. Reiter, Qing Yao, Henry J. Duff, Dean Follmann, Eleanor Schron, H.Leon Greene, Mark D. Carlson, Michael A. Brodsky, Toshio Akiyama, Christina Baessler, Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
The Suppressor-Cell Network in Cancer
Authors: Samuel Broder, Thomas A. Waldmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

IN the near future, new insights into the cellular control of immune reactivity may become important to physicians who manage patients with cancer. The objectives of this article are to provide an overview of the suppressor-cell system that regulates normal immune responses, to summarize the role of suppressor cells in the immunologic enhancement of malignant neoplasms, to categorize the alterations of suppressor-cell activity that may cause, or at least perpetuate, the immunodeficiency state that occurs in certain patients with cancer, and to discuss the implications of suppressor-cell function in devising new immunologic strategies for the therapy . . .
Corrigendum to “Validation of the 2009 TNM Version in a Large Multi-Institutional Cohort of Patients Treated for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Are Further Improvements Needed?” [Eur Urol 2010;58:588–95]
Authors: Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra, Alessandro Antonelli, Walter Artibani, Roberto Bertini, Marco Carini, Sergio Cosciani Cunico, Ciro Imbimbo, Nicola Longo, Guido Martignoni, Giuseppe Martorana, Andrea Minervini, Vincenzo Mirone, Francesco Montorsi, Riccardo Schiavina, Claudio Simeone, Sergio Serni, Alchiede Simonato, Salvatore Siracusano, Alessandro Volpe, Giorgio Carmignani
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Penetration studies on topical anthralin
Authors: M.M. SELIM, L.H. GOLDBERG, H. SCHAEFER, S.C. BISHOP, E.M. FARBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Penetration studies on topical anthralin Get access M.M. SELIM, M.M. SELIM P.O. Box 623, Safat, Kuwait Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.H. GOLDBERG, L.H. GOLDBERG New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. SCHAEFER, H. SCHAEFER Centre International de Recherches Dermatologique, F‐06565 Valbonne Cédex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.C. BISHOP, S.C. BISHOP Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif., U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.M. FARBER E.M. FARBER Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif., U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s20, 1 August 1981, Pages 101–103, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01021.x Published: 01 August 1981
Characterization of Anti-CCR5 Ribozyme-Transduced CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Vitro and in a SCID-hu Mouse Model in Vivo
Authors: Jirong Bai, Santhi Gorantla, Nirmal Banda, Laurence Cagnon, John Rossi, Ramesh Akkina
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

The cellular entry of HIV is mediated by the specific interaction of viral envelope glycoproteins with the cell-surface marker CD4 and a chemokine receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4). Individuals with a 32-base-pair (bp) deletion in the CCR5 coding region, which results in a truncated peptide, show resistance to HIV-1 infection. This suggests that the downregulation of CCR5 expression on target cells may prevent HIV infection. Therefore, ribozymes that inhibit the CCR5 expression offer a novel approach for anti-HIV gene therapy. To assess the effect of an anti-CCR5 ribozyme (R5Rbz) on macrophage differentiation, CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells were transduced with a retroviral vector carrying R5Rbz and allowed to differentiate in the presence of appropriate cytokines. R5Rbz-transduced CD34+ cells differentiated normally into mature macrophages that carried CD14 and CD4 surface markers, expressed the anti-CCR5 ribozyme, and showed significant resistance to viral infection upon challenge with the HIV-1 BaL strain. Using an in vivo thymopoiesis model, the effect of R5Rbz on stem cell differentiation into thymocytes was evaluated by reconstituting SCID-hu mice thymic grafts with ribozyme-transduced CD34+ cells. FACS analysis of cell biopsies at 4 and 6 weeks postengraftment for HLA, CD4, and CD8 markers showed comparable levels of reconstitution and similar percentages of subpopulations of thymocytes between grafts receiving R5Rbz-transduced and control CD34+ cells. RT-PCR assays demonstrated the expression of the anti-CCR5 ribozyme in CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ thymocyte subsets derived from R5Rbz-transduced CD34+ cells. These results indicate that anti-CCR5 ribozyme can be introduced into hematopoietic stem cells without adverse effects on their subsequent lineage-specific differentiation and maturation. The expression of anti-CCR5 ribozymes in HIV-1 target cells offers a novel gene therapy strategy to control HIV infection.
Studies on the Structure of Low Density Lipoproteins Isolated from Macaca Fascicularis Fed an Atherogenic Diet
Authors: Alan R. Tall, Donald M. Small, David Atkinson, Lawrence L. Rudel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Cynomolgus monkeys, Macaca fascicularis, fed cholesterol-containing saturated-fat diets develop increased levels of high molecular weight plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL), associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. To study the composition and structure of these abnormal particles, LDL from monkeys, fed atherogenic and control diets, were characterized chemically and examined by differential scanning calorimetry and low-angle X-ray scattering. LDL from animals on the experimental diet showed an increase in molecular weight (4.0 to 7.0 x 10(6), experimental diet compared with 3.0 to 3.7 x 10(6), control diet) associated with a large increase in cholesterol ester content and concomitant smaller increases in protein, phospholipid, and free cholesterol. There was a strong positive correlation between molecular weight and the number of saturated and monounsaturated cholesterol esters in the particle. In contrast, particle content of polyunsaturated cholesterol esters remained constant despite large changes in total particle cholesterol esters.When examined by calorimetry and X-ray scattering, LDL from monkeys on both diets diplayed a reversible transition of cholesterol esters from an ordered smeticlike (layered) structure to a more disordered state. For all animals on the experimental diet, the peak temperature of the cholesterol-ester transition (42-48 degrees C) was above body temperature (39 degrees C), but below body temperature on the control diet (34-38.5 degrees C). In the experimental group, the transition temperature was correlated with the LDL molecular weight. However, after thermal disruption of LDL, liquid-crystalline transitions of LDL cholesterol esters were observed in the same temperature range as in the intact lipoprotein, which shows that changes in particle size had little effect on the cholesterol-ester transition temperature. Rather, the transition temperature was determined by the degree of saturation of the LDL cholesterol ester fatty acids and the LDL cholesterol ester: triglyceride ratio, both of which correlated with increased LDL molecular weight.The existence of smectic-like cholesterol ester in LDL at body temperature was clearly a discriminating feature between monkeys on control and experimental diets. Diet-induced changes in the lipid composition of precursor lipoproteins of LDL appeared to lead to the existence of smectic-like cholesterol ester in LDL above body temperature. The altered composition and structure of the core lipids of high molecular weight LDL probably account, in part, for the previously documented correlation between increased LDL molecular weight and atherosclerosis in this species.
Assessment of the impact of acute inflammation on the anti-cancer responses in a mouse model
Authors: Sohaila M Galal, Mohamed L Salem, Zeinab A Ibrahim
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Inflammation is a vital process induced by microbial infection or tissue injury. The main function of inflammation is to resolve the infection or repair the damage and return the body to a state of homeostasis. Acute inflammation can induce signals that result in two main
Generalised smooth-muscle disease with defective muscarinic-receptor function.
Authors: R Bannister, A D Hoyes
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A patient with widespread smooth-muscle disease presented with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction but had in addition defects of the bladder, pupils, sweating, and cardiovascular function. There was no evidence of a primary neural lesion, and minor changes in the muscle did not resemble those of a myopathy. In each organ affected muscarinic cholinergic function was at fault, but instead of supersensitivity to cholinergic drugs, which occurs in postganglionic autonomic neuropathies, there was a lack of response to cholinergic drugs and anticholinesterases. It was therefore concluded that the patient had a new type of defect of muscarinic-receptor function. The cause was unknown, but it may have been an autoimmune disease resembling myasthenia, in which there is a postjunctional defect of muscarinic receptors. In similar cases binding of muscarinic agonists and antagonists should be tested. When antibodies to purified human muscarinic receptors become available different patterns of smooth-muscle defect may be identifiable, enabling the lesion to be defined more precisely.
Short- and Long-Range Attraction of Cortical GABAergic Interneurons by Neuregulin-1
Authors: Nuria Flames, Jason E. Long, Alistair N. Garratt, Tobias M. Fischer, Martin Gassmann, Carmen Birchmeier, Cary Lai, John L.R. Rubenstein, Oscar Marı́n
Journal: Neuron (2004)
As They See It: The Development of the African AIDS Discourse
Authors: Dunstan Raphael Bishanga
Journal: BMJ (2005)

T he subject of this book is what Africans think and say about HIV and AIDS. While author Raymond Downing, a pro-African Westerner, appears to have written it for Westerners, it will interest both Africans and non-Africans with an interest in fighting the disease.

African voices have historically been ignored in the discourse around AIDS, which is what has prompted the author to write this book. It perhaps would have been preferable if an African …
Dermatoglyphics of Mexican Woman, 46,X,t(X,Y)
Authors: Jamshed Mavalwala
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eating Disorders in the Military
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is Partial Thyroidectomy Definitive Treatment for Plummer??s Disease (Autonomous Goiter)?
Authors: JAN D. WIENER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Plummer's disease is a thyroid disorder in which both autonomously functioning and normal tissue is present in the gland. Surgery and I-131 therapy are generally regarded as equally effective for definitive treatment. However, since progression of the disease is very slow, postoperative recurrences should become evident only after many years. We reexamined 87 patients thyroidectomized for Plummer's disease one to 15 (average 7.1) years before the present study. Studies included clinical examination, scintigraphy, and a TRH test. No patient was overly hyperthyroid; one had biochemical hyperthyroidism and another had mechanical complaints. Localized autonomous function was considered present in 18 patients (21%); the TRH test result was abnormal in 10 of these. Postoperative autonomy was found more frequently in males. The scans suggested residual rather than recurrent autonomy in nearly all cases. It is concluded that the presence of residual autonomously functioning thyroid tissue after surgery for Plummer's disease is common and recurrent hyperthyroidism may eventually develop in some of the patients. This knowledge may in some cases turn the scale towards I-131 treatment.
Aging of the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Myron L. Weisfeldt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Recent studies have shown that aging has a selective effect on specific aspects of cardiovascular function and on the response to pharmacologic agents. Basal contractile function is well maintained in both isolated cardiac muscle1 and intact hearts from senescent animals, 2 although the relaxation phase of contraction is prolonged.3 , 4 In human beings, echocardiographic indexes of systolic left ventricular function at rest are unchanged with age in either the presence or absence of beta-adrenergic blockade.5 , 6 Thus, it is not surprising that Port and his colleagues, in their study published in this issue, found no age-associated change in radionuclide measurements of left ventricular . . .
Investigators Add Pieces to Insulin Puzzle
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE IDENTIFICATION of two key molecules in a chain of insulin-initiated reactions is increasing understanding of a multi-step cascade that is initiated when insulin binds to membrane receptors and that terminates with glucose transportation into the cell. The elucidation of that metabolic pathway is expected to do for diabetes research what the description of cholesterol metabolism has done for atherosclerosis investigation—identify several stages at which defects may occur and thus provide several opportunities for therapy. M. Daniel Lane, PhD, director, Department of Biological Chemistry, has been pursuing that investigational avenue for almost a decade. Recently he and his colleagues have been approaching the problem by blocking the chain of metabolic reactions that have occurred at a certain point after insulin binding, then analyzing the products that have accumulated. When they undertook their recent experiments, Lane and his colleagues already knew a few things about the reaction. They knew that when
362 Molecular mechanisms of hepatic iron accumulation induced by oxidative stress in HUH7 human hepatoma cell lines
Authors: P. Nahon, A. Sutton, D. Pessayre, N. Charnaux, T. Chaigneaul, L. Saffar, P. Brissot, J.C. Trinchet, M. Beaugrand, L. Gattegno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The Cadaver Donor
Authors: Paul S. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To identify the logistical problems of donor supply and demand in renal and hepatic homotransplantation, a retrospective study was performed of all deaths that occurred in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, (population, 1,072,100), during 1966. Potential donors were selected after critical analysis of hospital death rosters and individual patient records, according to specifically defined criteria. Of the total deaths (10,494), 4.4% (460) met the criteria for liver donors and 0.6% (60) satisfied the stricter kidney-donor criteria. Comparison of donor yields for individual causes of death indicated that deaths from cerebral trauma (80%) were most apt to meet the donor criteria. Within the same population, there were 117 potential liver recipients and 56 potential kidney recipients. The results of this study indicated that the supply of donor organs should meet the demands in this typical urban population.
Erythrocyte-derived sphingosine 1-phosphate is essential for vascular development
Authors: Yuquan Xiong, Peiying Yang, Richard L. Proia, Timothy Hla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Transport of oxygen by red blood cells (rbc) is critical for life and embryogenesis. Here, we determined that provision of the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) to the systemic circulation is an essential function of rbc in embryogenesis. Mice with rbc-specific deletion of sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (Sphk1 and Sphk2) showed embryonic lethality between E11.5 and E12.5 due to defects in vascular development. Administration of an S1P1 receptor agonist to pregnant dams rescued early embryonic lethality. Even though rbc-specific Sphk1 Sphk2-KO embryos were anemic, the erythropoietic capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was not impaired, suggesting that rbc can develop in the absence of sphingosine kinase activity. Indeed, transplantation of HSCs deficient for Sphk1 and Sphk2 into adult mice produced rbc that lacked S1P and attenuated plasma S1P levels in recipients. However, in adult animals, both rbc and endothelium contributed to plasma S1P. Together, these findings demonstrate that rbc are essential for embryogenesis by supplying the lysophospholipid S1P, which regulates embryonic vascular development via its receptors.
UK surgery already applies aviation safety practice
Authors: A. Lewis, F. Smith, P. Tait, D. Wilkins
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Neither side of the debate on translating ideas from aviation to patient safety1 2 mentions the Confidential Reporting System in Surgery (CORESS), the surgical equivalent of the well established Confidential Human Factors Incident Reporting Programme (CHIRP) in aviation.

Often the only person who recognises a near miss or minor mishap is the person concerned. These no-harm incidents or precursors are the …