tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acid-Labile Alpha Interferon
Authors: M. Elaine Eyster, James J. Goedert, Man Chiu Poon, Olivia T. Preble
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Many homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have an unusual acid-labile form of human leukocyte, or alpha, interferon in their serum. Male patients with classic hemophilia treated with lyophilized clotting-factor concentrates are also at high risk for the development of AIDS. To determine whether the level of alpha interferon may be a preclinical marker of early subclinical disease, we examined stored plasma and serum from three hemophilic patients with AIDS. Persistently elevated levels of the acid-labile form of alpha interferon were found in all three patients. In two patients the appearance of circulating alpha interferon preceded the onset of clinical disease by 3 to 10 months. In contrast, alpha-interferon levels were not elevated in 43 of 46 unselected patients with hemophilia; three of these patients had transient elevations. These results suggest that acid-labile alpha interferon may be a marker that can be used to identify affected asymptomatic members of high-risk groups before the onset of clinical disease.
A Cautious Path Forward on Accountable Care Organizations
Authors: Barak D. Richman
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Exercise Intensity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Robert Burack
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The return of the Saturday surgery?
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2007)

I sighed. Glasgow's tower blocks, heavy skies, and the sprawling postwar housing schemes that aimed to offer a better life than did the inner city slums disappeared in my rear view mirror. We headed for a better life in rural Suffolk, where I had taken up a GP partnership. The move from the electoral wards with the shortest life spans in Britain to those with the longest was just an eight hour drive. All my training, however, had not prepared me for the reality …
Sympathetic and immune interactions during dynamic exercise. Mediation via a beta 2-adrenergic-dependent mechanism.
Authors: D R Murray, M Irwin, C A Rearden, M Ziegler, H Motulsky, A S Maisel
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The relation between the sympathetic nervous system and the immune system has not been fully defined. Recent investigations have suggested an adrenergically driven efflux of specific beta 2-receptor-rich lymphocyte subsets into the circulation with either exercise or infusion of exogenous catecholamines.To determine whether acute sympathetic stimulation mediates immunoregulatory cell traffic and function via a beta 2-receptor mechanism, we exercised 20 healthy volunteers before and after 1 week of treatment with either the nonselective beta-antagonist propranolol or the beta 1-selective antagonist metoprolol. Before treatment, exhaustive exercise according to the Bruce protocol led to a marked lymphocytosis. Tsuppressor/cytotoxic (Ts/c) and natural killer cells, subtypes with the largest density of beta-receptors, showed the most pronounced increases after exercise, with less impressive elevations in T(helper) and B cells. With respect to function, exhaustive exercise led to a decrease in concanavalin A-stimulated IL-2 receptor expression and [3H]thymidine incorporation while enhancing natural killer cell activity. One week of propranolol therapy blunted the exercise-induced increases in circulating Ts/c and natural killer subpopulations as well as the previously observed alterations in cellular immune function. Treatment with the beta 1-selective antagonist metoprolol, however, did not impair the influence of exercise on any of the above parameters.Acute sympathetic stimulation by exhaustive exercise leads to selective release of immunoregulatory cells into the circulation with subsequent alterations in cellular immune function, either secondary to subset changes or as a result of direct catecholamine effects on function. These changes are attenuated by propranolol but not metoprolol, suggesting a beta 2-mediated mechanism.
Osteoarthritis in primary care
Authors: Peter Croft, Elaine Hay
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of disability in elderly people in the developed world, and pain and restricted activity are the most common symptoms.1 Disabling chronic knee pain alone is thought to affect a quarter of all elderly people in the United Kingdom.2 Traditional approaches to treatment such as joint replacement are successful for people who have advanced or severe disease, but they are not useful for most patients, who present with milder symptoms or at earlier stages of disease progression. Targets for preventing osteoarthritis of the hip and knee are similar to those for many chronic diseases—for example, controlling weight, increasing physical activity, improving education and psychological health, and avoiding injury. However, optimal management of symptoms and of restricted activity in people who already have hip and knee pain is a priority for general practitioners, as this can reduce the prevalence of disability among elderly people in the community. A trial in this week's BMJ assesses one of the ways this may be achieved, by teaching patients to manage their arthritis in the community.3
The epidemiology of childhood asthma
Authors: D. P. Strachan
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Variability is the hallmark of childhood asthma. Conceptually defined as variable airflow obstruction, asthma affects individual children through a variety of clinical manifestations. Particular controversy surrounds the nature of wheezing in early infancy and its relationship to atopic asthma of later onset. Asthma prognosis is also highly variable and only to a limited extent predictable by clinical indicators in early childhood. Long-term follow-up studies suggest a complex pattern of remission and relapse as wheezy children are followed through adolescence into adult life. Similarly, the population burden of asthma is highly variable, both over time and between countries. The balance of evidence worldwide suggests a modest but sustained increase in the prevalence of asthma symptoms over the past three decades. Superimposed on this have been larger changes in diagnostic fashion and use of health services for childhood asthma in many countries. There is substantial international variation in the prevalence of asthma symptoms, and marked urban-rural differences have been reported from several African countries. These contrast with the more uniform distribution of the disease within industrialized countries, reflecting its ubiquity in affluent societies.
Authors' Criteria for Selecting Journals
Authors: Erica Frank
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To evaluate authors' methods of selecting the journals to which they submit manuscripts.In 1992, all of the active clinical and research faculty of Stanford University School of Medicine (n = 479), Palo Alto, Calif, were sent up to three mailings of a one-page questionnaire.Our response rate was 63.7% (n = 305). On a scale of 1 (unimportant) to 6 (very important), respondents ranked factors affecting initial manuscript submission to a journal in the following descending order (mean values are reported): the journal's prestige, 5.2; the makeup of the journal's readership, 4.8; whether the journal usually publishes articles on the topic, 4.8; the likelihood of manuscript acceptance, 4.4; the size of journal circulation, 4.1; the rapidity of manuscript turnaround, 4.1; the existence of good editors, 3.9; the likelihood of useful reviewer suggestions, 3.4; a history of having published in that journal previously, 3.4; colleagues' recommendations, 3.1; the likelihood of useful biostatistical suggestions, 2.6; the existence of editors who are personally known to the author, 2.1; and the likelihood of press attention, 1.9. For subsequent submissions, the most important factors were the likelihood of manuscript acceptance (5.0) and whether the journal usually publishes articles on the topic (4.7).Journal prestige, most frequently published journal topics, and readership composition were the most important factors for initial manuscript submissions. For subsequent submissions, more pragmatic variables, such as likelihood of acceptance, gained importance. These findings should help editors make their journals more attractive to potential authors.
A Serologic Study of Cytomegalovirus Infections Associated with Blood Transfusions
Authors: A. M. Prince, W. Szmuness, S. J. Millian, David S. David
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract The development of complement-fixing antibody to cytomegalovirus was determined in 152 prospectively studied patients. Seven per cent of 59 patients who received only a single unit of blood, 21 per cent of 72 patients with multiple transfusions, and 52 per cent of 21 immunosuppressed transplant recipients showed seroconversion an average of eight weeks after transfusion. The immunosuppressed transplant patients were found to have a significantly enhanced immune response. The risk of seroconversion correlated with the volume of blood transfused, but not with the use of fresh blood, or with the presence of pre-existing complement-fixing antibody. Post-transfusion hepatitis, mostly subclinical, occurred in 23 patients, of whom SH antigen developed in four and cytomegalovirus seroconversion in eight. Twenty-two patients with seroconversion, however, did not give any evidence of hepatitis. Our findings support, but do not unequivocally prove, the hypothesis that cytomegalovirus infections may be trans...
Individualized Developmental Care for the Very Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infant
Authors: Heidelise Als
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To investigate the effectiveness of individualized developmental care in reducing medical and neurodevelopmental sequelae for very low-birth-weight infants.Randomized controlled trial.Newborn intensive care unit.Thirty-eight singleton preterm infants, free of known congenital abnormalities, weighing less than 1250 g, born before 30 weeks' gestation, mechanically ventilated within 3 hours of delivery and for more than 24 hours in the first 48 hours, randomly assigned to a control or an experimental group.Caregiving by nurses specifically trained in individualized developmental care; observation and documentation of the infants' behavior within 12 hours of admission, and subsequently every 10th day; developmental care recommendations and ongoing clinical support for the nurses and parents based on regular observation of the infant by developmental specialists; and the availability of special caregiving accessories.Medical outcome, including average daily weight gain; number of days the infant required mechanical ventilation, oxygen, gavage tube feeding, and hospitalization; severity of retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pneumothorax, and intraventricular hemorrhage; pediatric complications; age at discharge; and hospital charges. Neurodevelopmental outcome, including Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior scale and quantified electroencephalography (2 weeks after due date); and Bayley Scales of Infant Development and Kangaroo Box Paradigm (9 months after due date).The infants in the experimental group had a significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen support; earlier oral feeding; reduced incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage, pneumothorax, and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia; improved daily weight gain; shorter hospital stays; younger ages at hospital discharge; and reduced hospital charges compared with the infants in the control group. At 2 weeks after their due dates, these infants also showed improved autonomic regulation, motor system functioning, self-regulatory abilities, and visual evoked potential measures; and at 9 months, they had improved Bayley Mental and Psychomotor Developmental Index scores, as well as Kangaroo Box Paradigm scores.Very low-birth-weight preterm infants may benefit from individualized developmental care in the neonatal intensive care unit in terms of medical and neurodevelopmental outcome.
Characterization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen recognized by autoantibodies in lupus sera.
Authors: Y Takasaki, D Fishwild, E M Tan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

A nuclear antigen associated with cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]) and blast transformation is recognized by autoantibodies in the sera of some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Using this autoantibody as a reagent, PCNA was purified 120-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE chromatography, and Sephadex G200 gel filtration. The antigenicity of PCNA was sensitive to trypsin but resistant to ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease, suggesting that the antigenic determinant resided in protein and not nucleic acids. PCNA was inactivated at 56 degrees C for 30 min. Isoelectrophoretic focusing showed that the pI was 4.8. Analysis of immunoprecipitates on polyacrylamide gels showed the presence of IgG heavy and light chains and a single polypeptide band of 33,000 mol wt. This polypeptide band was the reactive antigen in immunoblotting (Western transfer) assays.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma and Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Richard B. Byrd
Journal: JAMA (1967)

During a six-year period, thromboembolism occurred as an early complication in 37 patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma. No other precipitating factor was identified, and only three of the 37 patients had previously undergone surgery. In 14 instances, an episode of thrombophlebitis first called attention to the patient's illness. Migratory thrombophlebitis involving unusual sites and resistant to anticoagulant therapy often preceded recognition of the tumor by as long as 18 months. The presence of thrombophlebitis was associated with a poor prognosis. The mechanism is obscure, but in three cases there was acceleration of factor III (thromboplastin) generation. No relationship was apparent between the histologic structure of the tumor and the frequency of venous thromboembolism. Even when lymph nodes are not palpable, bilateral supraclavicular exploration and lymph node biopsy appears to be a valuable and innocuous diagnostic procedure in patients with unexplained thrombophlebitis and is preferable to abdominal exploration. The true incidence of this complication is difficult to assess because of the uncertainties of retrospective diagnosis and follow-up.
Clerks and Craftsmen in China and the West
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Joseph Needham, in addition to his other accomplishments, is the outstanding western scholar in the history of science and technology of China. In this field he has published a mammoth multi-volume text that is the definitive work in its field. While he was devoting most of his time to this major project, he had delivered many lectures and occasional papers on the subjects of Chinese science, technology, and medical history. The present volume collects 19 of these studies, delivered or published between 1949 and 1966. Five of them deal specifically with medical-historical topics. While one or two of the individual papers are highly technical, and of interest chiefly to sinologists, the overwhelming majority are for the general educated reader who wants to learn something about the culture of China in its technical and its mechanical aspects, as well as its medical facets. The Western world, which has made such rapid
Targeting Glutamine Metabolism in Breast Cancer with Aminooxyacetate
Authors: Preethi Korangath, Wei Wen Teo, Helen Sadik, Liangfeng Han, Noriko Mori, Charlotte M. Huijts, Flonne Wildes, Santosh Bharti, Zhe Zhang, Cesar A. Santa-Maria, Hualing Tsai, Chi V. Dang, Vered Stearns, Zaver M. Bhujwalla, Saraswati Sukumar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Glutamine addiction in c-MYC-overexpressing breast cancer is targeted by the aminotransferase inhibitor, aminooxyacetate (AOA). However, the mechanism of ensuing cell death remains unresolved.A correlation between glutamine dependence for growth and c-MYC expression was studied in breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of AOA, its correlation with high c-MYC expression, and effects on enzymes in the glutaminolytic pathway were investigated. AOA-induced cell death was assessed by measuring changes in metabolite levels by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), the effects of amino acid depletion on nucleotide synthesis by cell-cycle and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) uptake analysis, and activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated pathway. Antitumor effects of AOA with or without common chemotherapies were determined in breast cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice and in a transgenic MMTV-rTtA-TetO-myc mouse mammary tumor model.We established a direct correlation between c-MYC overexpression, suppression of glutaminolysis, and AOA sensitivity in most breast cancer cells. MRS, cell-cycle analysis, and BrdUrd uptake measurements indicated depletion of aspartic acid and alanine leading to cell-cycle arrest at S-phase by AOA. Activation of components of the ER stress-mediated pathway, initiated through GRP78, led to apoptotic cell death. AOA inhibited growth of SUM159, SUM149, and MCF-7 xenografts and c-myc-overexpressing transgenic mouse mammary tumors. In MDA-MB-231, AOA was effective only in combination with chemotherapy.AOA mediates its cytotoxic effects largely through the stress response pathway. The preclinical data of AOA's effectiveness provide a strong rationale for further clinical development, particularly for c-MYC-overexpressing breast cancers.
Localization of cutaneous antigens by the immunogold-silver staining technique
Authors: M.H. ALLEN, M.J. TIDMAN, D.M. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Immunogold-silver staining (IGSS) was evaluated for the localization of cutaneous antigens in frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue, employing antibodies to a variety of intracellular, cell-surface and extracellular epitopes in an indirect immunogold reaction, followed by silver enhancement. The principal advantages of IGSS are the avoidance of toxic reagents and the production of a silver precipitate that is permanent, clearly visible and of sufficient contrast with the reaction products of alternative immunolocalizing techniques to be of value in double-labelling procedures. It seems to localize antigenic determinants well, but does not appear to be particularly sensitive, especially for the demonstration of antibodies to extracellular constituents. Limitations of IGSS include the propensity to non-specific staining, and the need to vary the duration of the development stage during silver enhancement.
Acute hyperglycemia abolishes ischemic preconditioning: A possible mechanism for adverse outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction and acute hyperglycemia
Authors: Masaharu Ishihara, Ichiro Inoue, Takuji Kawagoe, Yuji Shimatani, Satoshi Kurisu, Kenji Nishioka, Takashi Umemura, Shuji Nakamura, Masashi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Mediation of hidradenitis suppurativa by androgens
Authors: B J Harrison, L E Hughes, G F Read
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Patients attending without consulting general practitioner.A major factor influencing preferential attend- ance at an accident and emergency department is known to be the distance.of the patient from the hospital.General practitioners practising near to accident and emergency departments may expect a greater proportion ofthe minor traumas to be dealt with there.Sixty two general practitioners practise in Dar- lington Health Authority.If they dealt with these cases of minor trauma, and assuming an equal distribution ofworkload, each general practitioner could expect about 30 extra cases to deal with per month.Over 25% of emergencies occurred out of hours-600 pm to 800 am, with about 10% between 1100 pm and 700 am.Each general practitioner could therefore expect to receive about 10 calls "out ofhours" a month and to be disturbed from his or her bed three to four times a month.The general practitioner covering for several col- leagues could expect a substantial out of hours work commitment.Do general practitioners have the time?Do they have the facilities?