tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aspirin and cancer prevention
Authors: T. Kurth
Journal: BMJ (2012)

More evidence, but still not enough to support an aspirin a day for all adults 

When Eichengrun and colleagues at dye manufacturer Friedrich Bayer & Co synthesised acetylsalicylic acid in 1897 the success story of aspirin began,1 and its potential applications are still being revealed. It is well established that aspirin reduces pain, limits the inflammatory response, and reduces cardiovascular disease but that it can lead to major bleeding events and gastrointestinal upset. For several years increasing numbers of studies have suggested a benefit of aspirin on the occurrence of polyps and colorectal cancer.2 3 Potential beneficial effects on other common cancer types have also been reported.4 Two recently published large scale studies have provided additional evidence that low dose aspirin reduces the incidence of cancer, death from cancer, and cancer metastasis.5 6

The first, an analysis of the short term effects of daily aspirin (<300 mg) use on various cancer related outcomes in 51 randomised controlled trials,5 found that allocation to aspirin reduced deaths from cancer (odds ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 0.96), particularly from five years of daily use onwards, resulting in fewer deaths from …
Effect of Ablation or Inhibition of Stromal Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 on Lung Metastasis in a Breast Cancer Model Is Dependent on Genetic Background
Authors: Michelle D. Martin, Kathy J. Carter, Sharon R. Jean-Philippe, Mayland Chang, Shahriar Mobashery, Sophie Thiolloy, Conor C. Lynch, Lynn M. Matrisian, Barbara Fingleton
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of enzymes with a myriad of functions. Lately, we have come to realize that broad-spectrum inhibition of these enzymes, as was tried unsuccessfully in multiple phase III trials in cancer patients, is likely unwise given the protumorigenic and antitumorigenic functions of various family members. Here, we used the multistage mammary tumor model MMTV-PyVT to investigate roles for either MMP7 or MMP9 in tumor progression. We found no effect of genetic ablation of MMP7 or MMP9 on the multifocal tumors that developed in the mammary glands. Lack of MMP7 also had no effect on the development of lung metastases, suggesting that MMP7 is irrelevant in this model. In contrast, MMP9 deficiency was associated with an 80% decrease in lung tumor burden. The predominant cellular source of MMP9 was myeloid cells, with neutrophils being the largest contributor in tumor-bearing lungs. Experimental metastasis assays corroborated the role of host-derived MMP9 in lung metastasis and also facilitated determination of a time frame most relevant for the MMP9-mediated effect. The lung tumors from MMP9-deficient mice showed decreased angiogenesis. Surprisingly, the antimetastatic outcome of MMP9 ablation seemed to be dependent on strain. Only mice that had genetic background derived from C57BL/6 showed reduced metastasis, whereas mice fully of the FVB/N background showed no significant effect. These strain-specific responses were also observed in a study using a highly selective pharmacologic inhibitor of MMP9 and thus suggest that responses to MMP inhibition are controlled by genetic differences. [Cancer Res 2008;68(15):6251–9]
Traditional Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: A Drug–Drug Interaction?
Authors: Luis Alberto García Rodríguez, Karine Egan, Garret A FitzGerald
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Suppression of prostacyclin (PGI2) is implicated in the cardiovascular hazard from inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, estrogen confers atheroprotection via COX-2-dependent PGI2 in mice, raising the possibility that COX inhibitors may undermine the cardioprotection, suggested by observational studies, of endogenous or exogenous estrogens.To identify an interaction between hormone therapy (HT) and COX inhibition, we measured a priori the association between concomitant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excluding aspirin, in peri- and postmenopausal women on HT and the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in a population-based epidemiological study. The odds ratio (OR) of MI in 1,673 individuals and 7,005 controls was increased from 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-0.88) when taking HT in the absence of traditional (t)NSAIDs to 1.50 (95% CI 0.85-2.64) when taking the combination of HT and tNSAIDs, resulting in a significant (p < 0.002) interaction. The OR when taking aspirin at doses of 150 mg/d or more was 1.41 (95% CI 0.47-4.22). However, a similar interaction was not observed with other commonly used drugs, including lower doses of aspirin, which target preferentially COX-1.Whether estrogens confer cardioprotection remains controversial. Such a benefit was observed only in perimenopausal women in the only large randomized trial designed to address this issue. Should such a benefit exist, these results raise the possibility that COX inhibitors may undermine the cardioprotective effects of HT.
Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: J. B. Bourke, J. P. Griffin
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Of 51 patients submitted to operation for benign prostatic hyperplasia three (5.9%) were knwon, diabetics and two others had undergone surgery for peptic ulcer. Of the remaining patients half (23 out of 46) were found to be diabetic; 40% (20 patients) had a history of previous cardiac infarction or electrocardiograph evidence of myocardial ischaemia.It is suggested that these findings add further support to the hypothesis that benign prostatic hyperplasia is one manifestation of a relative increase of oestrogen secretion with advancing age.
A VENOUS SHUNT FOR ADVANCED MITRAL STENOSIS
Authors: EDWARD F. BLAND
Journal: JAMA (1949)

We are recording in this report a newly devised operative procedure for the relief of acute pulmonary edema secondary to advanced mitral stenosis in which an outlet from the high pressure pulmonary area into the systemic venous bed has been created by an extracardiac shunt. This operation has now been undertaken in 5 patients. Its rationale, indications and limitations are presented herewith. <h3>THE PULMONARY SYNDROME OF MITRAL STENOSIS</h3> In the evolution of rheumatic heart disease mitral stenosis ultimately develops in the majority of cases. In approximately 10 per cent a so-called "pure" form is the end result.<sup>1</sup>Many of these patients are able to lead comfortable and often active lives. They are frequently unaware of the cardiac abnormality until it is discovered accidentally or is revealed by characteristic complications. However, a considerable number with higher degrees of stenosis are subject to an alarming and distinctive syndrome, manifested primarily
Lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with glycoproteins from Ross River and vesicular stomatitis viruses: variable transduction related to cell type and culture conditions
Authors: Christoph A. Kahl, Karen Pollok, Laura S. Haneline, Kenneth Cornetta
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

HIV-1-derived lentiviral vectors have been pseudotyped with various envelope glycoproteins to alter their host range. Previously, we found that envelope glycoproteins derived from the alphavirus Ross River virus (RRV) can pseudotype lentiviral vectors and mediate efficient transduction of a variety of epithelial and fibroblast-derived cell lines. In this study, we have investigated transduction of hematopoietic cells using RRV-pseudotyped vectors encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). RRV-mediated transduction of human CD34+ cord blood cells and progenitors was very inefficient, even at multiplicities of infection of 100 (0.4% EGFP-positive progenitor colonies). Inefficient transduction was also observed in a variety of hematopoietic cell lines. However, two erythroleukemia-derived cell lines and monocytic cells that were driven to macrophage-like differentiation were moderately transduced. Transduction of hematopoietic cells with a control VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vector was generally efficient, but unexpectedly decreased up to threefold upon stimulation of lymphocytic cell lines or primary murine bone marrow cells. Also, the tested hematopoietic cell lines were essentially nonpermissive for adeno-associated type 2 (AAV) vectors, and this was not affected by lineage, activity, or differentiation. Treatment of permissive 293 cells with proteases revealed that transduction with both the RRV- and the VSV-G-pseudotyped vectors in part depends on the presence of cell surface proteins. These results show a severely restricted ability of RRV glycoproteins to mediate transduction in hematopoietic cells that is likely due to specific receptor requirements that differ from those of VSV-G and AAV. Conversely, transduction with the VSV glycoprotein is affected by cellular activation more than widely believed. Our findings suggest that the envelope glycoproteins and culture conditions employed need to be carefully evaluated for each application. Furthermore, the uniquely restricted host range of RRV-pseudotyped vectors may aid in the design of novel cell-selective transduction strategies.
UNUSUAL USES OF PARAFFIN-WAX DRESSINGS
Authors: L. D. McMillan
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>Case 1.</h3> —V. R., a girl, aged 8, was scalded by boiling water during the spring of 1922. The wound had healed with much cicatrization of the elbow and the adjacent portions of the arm, and with almost complete fixation in flexion of the elbow. May 7, 1923, I removed about a square inch of scar tissue contiguous to the healthy skin, and dressed the wound daily with surgical paraffin (parresine—Abbott), after the usual method used for burns. The defect filled in and became smoothly epithelialized in two weeks. Under general anesthesia, I then removed the main portion of the scar over an area of 20 square inches, including the anterior surface of the elbow, thus severing the tissue fixing the elbow and allowing the arm to be straightened and splinted in full extension. In two weeks, most of the defect was filled in and epithelialized. The splint was then
Abstract 1202: MDM2 and its interaction with MYCN in neuroblastoma survival
Authors: Jing He, Lubing Gu, Jiansha Li, Hailong Zhang, Muxiang Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The multifunctional oncoprotein MDM2 plays both p53-dependent and p53-independent roles in cancer initiation, progression and the development of resistance to therapy. Using a siRNA strategy to silence MDM2, which is highly expressed in neuroblastoma, we discovered that MDM2 regulates tumor cell growth and survival through distinct mechanisms in MYCN-amplified and non-MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas. MDM2 inhibition in a MDM2-overexpressing/non-MYCN-amplifying neuroblastoma cell line, SH-EP1, resulted in p53 activation, growth inhibition and apoptosis. In contrast, MDM2 inhibition in the MDM2-overexpressing/MYCN-amplifying neuroblastoma cell lines NB-1691 and IMR32 did not activate p53, despite expression of wild-type p53 in these lines. However, the siRNA silencing of MDM2 in NB-1691 and IMR32 cells did lead to complete inhibition of cell proliferation. In examining MYCN expression in these MYCN-amplified cells, we found that inhibition of MDM2 significantly downregulated MYCN expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. In a p53-null/MYCN-amplifying neuroblastoma cell line, LA1-55N, inhibition of MDM2 also decreased MYCN expression, inhibiting cell growth and apoptosis. These results suggest that MDM2 plays a p53-independent role in MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas. A critical factor for disease progression, we believe deregulation of MYCN expression may contribute significantly to the oncogenic properties of MDM2 in neuroblastoma. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1202.
Influence of Chew on Swallow
Authors: Robert J. Nelsen
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  The report Esophageal Mythology (240:44,1978) fails to mention the influence of chew on swallow. Experience with patients whose esophageal spasm was resolved by equilibration of their dentition prompts me to comment to the physician about the value of consultation with a dentist competent in treating malfunctions of chew.  Aberrant patterns of chewing caused by malocclusion or neuromotor abnormalities can lead to considerable confusion at the terminus of chew and the start of swallow. This interface within the pattern of eating involves the transfer of the bolus from the complex neuromotor system of mastication to that of the swallow reflex. The concomitant involvement of the vagus nerve encumbered by a confused trigger signal sets up the mischief of abnormal esophageal function. This syndrome may also be the precursor of cafe coronary.
Myocardial Performance and Extracellular Ionized Calcium in a Severely Failing Human Heart
Authors: ROBERT GINSBURG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

A 16-year old patient had severe end-stage congestive heart failure that was refractory to large doses of beta-agonists. Low serum ionized calcium (Ca2+) levels were corrected by CaCl2 infusions. Myocardial performance correlated directly with serum Ca2+ levels. At the time of transplantation the patient's heart was removed and studied in vitro by both classic and biochemical pharmacologic techniques. Isolated papillary muscles and adenylate cyclase preparations were markedly subsensitive to isoproterenol stimulation, and myocardial membranes were nearly devoid of beta-adrenergic receptors. In contrast, papillary muscles responded normally to calcium, and adenylate cyclase responses to fluoride and histamine were normal. Beta-adrenergic receptor down-regulation may render beta-agonists ineffective, and in such situations the myocardial contractile state may become dependent on extracellular Ca2+.
Viral Hepatitis in Narcotics Users
Authors: Beryl J. Rosenstein
Journal: JAMA (1967)

During the fall of 1964 and winter of 1965, an outbreak of viral hepatitis occurred in narcotics users in Rhode Island. A history of intravenous drug use was elicited from 27 persons, one of whom had three distinct episodes of hepatitis. Twenty-four of the 27 patients were males aged 17 to 30, and they accounted for 30% of all reported cases of hepatitis in this age group. Although the majority of the patients were hospitalized, they had a mild course and there were no deaths. Eleven of the 27 patients, or 41%, were not initially recognized as drug users by their attending physicians. Epidemiologic data suggested that the cause of the outbreak was the virus of serum hepatitis, and that it was transmitted by the use of contaminated injection equipment.
Response of Asthmatics to Isoprenaline and Salbutamol Aerosols Administered by Intermittent Positive-pressure Ventilation
Authors: Y. F. J. Choo-Kang, S. S. Parker, I. W. B. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The bronchodilator and cardiac effects produced by aerosols of 0·5% isoprenaline and of 0·25, 0·5, and 1% salbutamol administered in 40% oxygen by intermittent positive-pressure ventilation were compared in 24 asthmatic patients. Isoprenaline and salbutamol in concentrations of 0·5% were equipotent in peak bronchodilator effect; salbutamol was superior in total bronchodilator effect and duration of average effect, but the peak bronchodilator effect occurred earlier after isoprenaline. Significantly greater tachycardia was produced by 0·5% isoprenaline than by the same concentration of salbutamol. The 0·25, 0·5, and 1% concentrations of salbutamol had about the same peak bronchodilator effect, but there was a stepwise increase in total effect and duration of average effect in relation to the concentration used. A similar stepwise increase in heart rate was also noted, but with all concentrations this was significantly less than with 0·5% isoprenaline. It was concluded that a 0·5% solution of salbutamol, which provided maximal bronchodilatation without important tachycardia, was therapeutically superior to the other three treatments.
Transplant lung--a new syndrome.
Authors: M. Slapak, H. M. Lee, D. M. Hume
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Transplant lung," a condition seen after homotransplantation, has only recently emerged as a recognizable syndrome (Rifkind et al., 1964 ; Hamburger et al., 1964, 1965).The episodes often follow a rejection crisis or a reduction in the dosage of predni- sone.Clinically it is characterized by fever, at the onset of which the patient may feel surprisingly well.The commonest radiographic appearance consists in diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates mainly at the base or the hilum.The main dysfunc- tion in lung physiology is alveolar capillary block, while at :iecropsy a thickened alveolar membrane, fungal infection, and the presence of cytomegalic inclusion bodies have been frequently observed features.This communication describes two cases of renal homotransplants in which pulmonary function tests revealed an alveolar-capillary block at a time when there were no clinical symptoms or signs of chest disease, and the chest x-ray film was normal.One patient developed the full picture of trans- plant lung.Two other patients who had undergone renal homotransplantation showed the characteristic pattern of alveolar capillary block associated with classical diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrative changes.One of these patients is alive, the other died of a non-pulmonary cause.By January 1967 104 non-twin transplants in 95 patients had been performed at the Medical College of Virginia.Thirtytwo of these patients had a varitty of lung complications-in 15 these were the primary cause oI death or a major con- tributing factor, while 17 survived, including the four reported ,p Dialysis #--j Dialysis G~~~~~Kross bilateral
FIBROCHONDROMA OF THE CAUDA EQUINA
Authors: F. L. A. Greaves, F. G. Lescher
Journal: BMJ (1925)

THE BDICON sllivering and headache; temperature 101.60, pulse 120.Strepto- cocci in lochial discharge.She was given an intrauterine mercurial douche.The puerperium was normal.Latent Infection with B. coli.CASE viii.-Aprimigravida with a rickety flat pelvis.Diagonal conjugate 4* in.Coli bacilluria during pregnancy.The head did not fix.Caesarean section was performed and a child weighing 7 lb.delivered.The membranes were yellow and unhealthy.Some temperature during the puerperium with pyuria and unhealthy wound.B. coli isolated from urine and cervical discharge.CASE Isx.-A mariried woman, aged 28; one previous abortion.Diagonal conjugate 4* in.Occasional albuminuria during pregnancy.In labour twenty-four hours with ruptured membranes.Head above brim; liquor amnii offensive; cervix rigid.Temperature 1030, pulse 104.Caesarean section performed; placenta adherent; drainage.Infant (7 lb. 10 oz.) blue from asphyxia.On the following day the infant had blebs on the fingers and vaginal discharge.Febrile puerperium; rigor on the fifth day.B. coli septicaemia.Anticoli serum, 20 c.cm., given subcutaneously in saline.The patient recovered.In this case, unfortuniately, the cauise of the albuminuria during pregnancy was not investigated.It is possible that a latent bacilluria was present.Coli Infection.CASE x.-A primigravida, aged 25.Diagonal conjugate 4* in.Head entering pelvis.Membranes ruptured forty-eight hours.Liquor amnii discoloured.Cervix one-third dilated.It was decided to do Caesarean section.A child weighing 6i lb. was delivered; its head was much moulded.The patient was cyanosed and vomited haemorrhagic fluid in large quantities during the opera- tion.The placenta and membranes were yellowish -green and adherent.The following day the infant's eyes were reddened and vulvitis was present.The mother's condition was serious.She had acute bronchitis with cyanosis, frothy sputum, and incontinence of urine and faeces.The pulse was very rapid and out of proportion to the temperature.Coliform organisms were present in the vaginal discharge.Anticoli serum, 10 c.cm., was given subcutaneously and she made a good recovery.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for a patient complicated by chronic hepatitis due to precore mutant hepatitis B virus: Failure of management with interferon-α therapy
Authors: Yuji Miura, Hideyuki Takamatsu, Hirokazu Okumura, Takashi Yoshida, Shinji Nakao, Tamotsu Matsuda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)
Effect of Silymarin (Milk Thistle) on Liver Disease in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Unsuccessfully Treated With Interferon Therapy
Authors: Michael W. Fried, Victor J. Navarro, Nezam Afdhal, Steven H. Belle, Abdus S. Wahed, Roy L. Hawke, Edward Doo, Catherine M. Meyers, K. Rajender Reddy
Journal: JAMA (2012)

in NASH and C Hepatitis (SyNCH) Study Group CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) infection affects almost 3% of the global population and may lead to cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 13][4] Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients do not respond to these therapies, and many others cannot be treated because of medical comorbidities. 5Thus, alternative medications with disease-modifying activity may be of benefit.Silymarin (Silybum marianum), an extract of milk thistle, is the botanical treatment most commonly used for liver disorders in the United States, owing to its purported hepatoprotective properties. 6,7Indeed, 33% of patients with chronic HCV infection and cirrhosis reported current or past use of silymarin for the treatment of their disease. 8lymarin has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties via inhibition of NF-B (nuclear factor -light-chain-
Management of Tardive Dyskinesia with Thiopropazate
Authors: JOHN P. CURRAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The author describes the successful management of two severe cases of tardive dyskinesia with thiopropazate. He concludes that the drug does have a place in the management of tardive dyskinesia even though its mechanism of action and long-range effects are unknown. He cautions, however, that it should be used only in severe cases.
Ventilation in homes infested by house‐dust mites
Authors: J. Sundell, M. Wickman, G. Pershagen, S. L. Nordvall
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Thirty single‐family homes with either high (≥ 2000 ng/g) or low (≤ 1000 ng/g) house‐dust mite (HDM) allergen levels in mattress dust were examined for ventilation, thermal climate, and air quality (formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). Elevated concentrations of HDM allergen in mattress and floor dust were associated with the difference in absolute humidity between indoor and outdoor air, as well as with low air‐change rates of the home, particularly the bedroom. No correlation was found between concentration of TVOC or formaldehyde in bedroom air and HDM allergen concentration. In regions with a cold winter climate, the air‐change rate of the home and the infiltration of outdoor air into the bedroom appear to be important for the infestation of HDM.