tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Journal of Gynecologic Techniques
Authors: John C. Lathrop
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The need for adequate assessment of health care technology before accepting it as the standard of care has emerged recently as a primary goal of health services research.1Many medical techniques nevertheless lack a scientific foundation and do not undergo the same rigorous testing as drugs. The US government and private organizations, like the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, increasingly are setting higher standards for measuring the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of health care technology.  Gynecology, like other surgical specialties, depends on a broad spectrum of standard procedures as well as newer ones.2Because research has focused less on women's health issues than on those of other groups, unproven technologies have become the subject of much criticism and debate. Until recently, gynecologists based decisions on basic knowledge, training, research, intuition, and expertise. These impressions are now yielding to a new decision-making process
Care Continuity and Care Coordination
Authors: Lena M. Chen, John Z. Ayanian
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Migration and Granulomatous Reaction After Periurethral Injection of Polytef (Teflon)
Authors: Anthony A. Malizia
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Although patients with urinary incontinence have been treated successfully by periurethral injection of polytef paste, this study in continent animals demonstrates migration of polytef particles from the injection site. We injected polytef paste periurethrally into female dogs and male monkeys. Particles were found at 50 to 70 days in pelvic nodes in six of seven animals and lungs in four of seven (the kidneys and brain were not studied); and at 10 1/2 months in pelvic nodes, lungs, and brain in seven of seven; kidneys in four of seven; and spleen in two of seven. X-ray microanalysis confirmed that the particles were polytef. At 10 1/2 months, polytef granulomas were found at all injection sites and some sites of distant migration. Since these granulomas signify chronic foreign-body reaction, we believe that until the long-term effects in humans are known, polytef paste should not be used in children or young adults with normal life expectancy.
Abstract 233: OTX2 copy number gain is a driver event in Shh-independent medulloblastomas
Authors: Matthew Wortham, David C. Adamson, Qun Shi, Paul A. Northcott, Chunhui Di, Christopher G. Duncan, Jianjun Li, Roger E. McLendon, Darell D. Bigner, Michael D. Taylor, Hai Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. With the exception of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and Wnt pathways, the molecular events contributing to medulloblastoma tumorigenesis are poorly understood. In this study, we performed DNA copy number analysis upon a large cohort (n=201) of primary medulloblastomas to identify recurrent copy number events of these tumors. The most commonly gained region of the medulloblastoma genome (gained in 21% of tumors) contains the single gene OTX2, which encodes a developmental transcription factor involved in regionalization of the neural tube and specification of various CNS lineages. We found that OTX2 is also commonly overexpressed (74%, n=103) in these tumors. Molecular classification of medulloblastomas identified four distinct subtypes based on gene expression signature. OTX2 overexpression and copy number gain was limited to tumors not exhibiting a signature of Shh pathway activation. We found that OTX2 is necessary for intracranial xenograft formation by medulloblastoma cells and that its expression promotes xenograft tumor formation by immortalized primary cells. Finally, we determined that OTX2 regulates the medulloblastoma oncogene MYC. As a transcription factor, targeting OTX2 function with small molecules presents a challenge. However, retinoids can reduce OTX2 expression and inhibit medulloblastoma growth in vitro, and we have demonstrated that OTX2 silencing is required for this effect. In sum, these studies identify OTX2 as a common but targetable oncogene in Shh-independent medulloblastomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 233.
Use of Clinical Preventive Services in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Authors: Coleen A. Boyle, James M. Perrin, Virginia A. Moyer
Journal: JAMA (2014)

At each stage from birth to young adulthood, the use of clinical preventive services (CPSs) provides an opportunity to intervene early to improve outcomes for many costly and complex conditions and to modify important disease-defining risk factors.1 A number of important provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) will provide impetus to improve the use of CPSs, in particular, the provision that such services are now covered without cost sharing.2

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has collected baseline data and reported detailed information on a select set of CPSs for children to serve as a benchmark to measure change following ACA implementation.3

The selected CPSs were identified by the CDC because they represent important public health issues for which CPSs exist, the service was underused before ACA implementation, and national data (largely parent and self-report or provider office-based surveys) were available to establish a baseline (defined as prior to 2012). Other important CPSs for children were not included in the report because of the lack of national data to track the clinical service (eg, screening for body mass index was considered, but surveillance data on screening in clinical care were not available), or the utilization of the CPS was already at high levels (eg, many infant immunizations). Not all of the CPSs included in the CDC report have a US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) grade A or B or a comparable evidence review process recommendation (eg, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices); but all, with the exception of dental visits and preventive services by dentists, like dental sealants, are now covered under the ACA.3
Reviews and Notes: Virology: The Retroviridae
Authors: Mark H. Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 November 1996Reviews and Notes: Virology: The RetroviridaeMark H. Kaplan, MDMark H. Kaplan, MDCornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-9-199611010-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail 4 volumes. JA Levy; ed. 2182 pages. New York: Plenum; 1994. $299.95. ISBN 0-306-44024-1 (v. 1), 0-306-44369-4 (v. 2), 0-306-44693-6 (v. 3), and 0-306-45033-x (v. 4). Order phone; telephone, 800-221-9369.For the student of retrovirology, this comprehensive, four-volume, detailed, and often complex publication reviews the state of the art of retrovirology. Despite its size, it is an exciting overview of the remarkable biology of the retroviridae. These volumes are written neither for the internist nor the general medical physician, but for the virologist, the infectious disease specialist, the microbiologist, and the student of molecular biology. On the other hand, any ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1996Volume 125, Issue 9Page: 783-784KeywordsAIDSHIVHuman t lymphotropic virusImmunologyMolecular biologyPathogenesisRetrovirusesRheumatoid arthritisScientistsVirology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Congenital Hypertrophic Stenosis of the Pylorus: Pyloroplasty: Result: A Contribution to the Etiology and Treatment of the Affection, with Notes of a Case
Authors: J. McCaw, R. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1904)

and an efficient public health service for all will become a first charge on the public purse.In the meantime rest assured that you will have the teachers in every school in the three kingdoms with you.Let us not be afraid of beginning with small demands, lest these being granted there be an end.You do not think the men assembled in this room have come together to wring a few pounds out of the ratepayers, and that we are organizing the whole profession for such a paltry end.No.Our end is a position in which we can efficiently and honourably do the work to which our lives are devoted.When that is attained we shall rest, but not till then.Let it not be thought, however, that because we are making these efforts for our efficiency we are not grateful to our fellowcountrymen for what they have done for us in the past, and for what many of them are still doing.Things are out of shape, but that is due to the fact that medical science has grown fast of late, and society has not yet adjusted itself to the new condition-The old order changeth, yielding place to new, And God fulfils Himself in many ways.
THE EFFECTS OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE AND CORTISONE IN THE ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA: AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN AND CORRECT ITS DISORDERED HORMONAL PATTERN 12
Authors: Frederic C. Bartter, Fuller Albright, Anne P. Forbes, Alexander Leaf, Eleanor Dempsey, Evelyn Carroll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)
Health care in London. London low on residential and nursing homes.
Authors: T Jewell
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Health care in LondonOther cities also overbedded EDITOR,-Brian Jarman takes issue with the recommendations of the Tomlinson report and the government's response, which have suggested the closure of several hospitals in London, by arguing that the data on provision and use of beds in all specialties by London residents do not amount to a case for reducing the total stock of hospital beds in London at a rate faster than elsewhere.'He shows
The Clinical Need for Sphincter of Oddi Manometry in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Units
Authors: S. D. Ladas, P. S. Tassios, J. Katsogridakis, K. Giorgiotis, T. Tastemiroglou, S. A. Raptis
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

The clinical need for sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM) was investigated by retrospective analysis of 736 consecutive endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) referrals (1985-89). During this period SOM was not performed in any unit in Greece including our own. Assuming a conservative or a more liberal policy in the utilization of SOM, a biliary and a pancreatic group of patients were established respectively, depending on the clinical presentation. ERCP was diagnostic in 168/194 (86.6%) of patients referred for post-cholecystectomy symptoms, but SOM was considered to be necessary to establish a diagnosis in the remaining 26 (13.4%) patients (biliary group). ERCP revealed pancreatic and/or biliary pathology in 46/69 (66.7%) patients, referred for symptoms attributed to pancreatitis, but 11/69 (15.9%) patients with pancreas divisum and 12/69 (17.4%) with acute recurrent idiopathic pancreatitis may have benefitted from SOM for planning endoscopic therapy (pancreatic group). Thus, only 5 patients from each group per 147 ERCP annual referrals were candidates for SOM. When taking into account that to run a SOM service the minimum annual number of investigations should be 50 and that the provision of ERCP in the UK is 50 per 100,000 of population per year, it is extrapolated that such a Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit should serve a population of 1.5 to 3 million.
Evaluation of Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole Compound in Treatment of Salmonella Infections
Authors: A. M. Geddes, R. Fothergill, J. A. D. Goodall, P. R. Dorken
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Fifty patients suffering from infections caused by various salmonella species were treated with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole compound. Twenty-three had enteric fever and two were biliary carriers of Salmonella typhi. The other 25 suffered from infections caused by salmonella species other than S. typhi or S. paratyphi B. Twenty-one of the patients with enteric fever responded clinically to the drug, one failed treatment, and one died. Two patients suffering from typhoid fever relapsed and three temporarily excreted S. typhi in stools following treatment. One of the typhoid carriers was successfully treated. All patients with infections caused by salmonella species other than S. typhi or S. paratyphi B responded to treatment but 17 continued to excrete the organism in their stools after the course of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole compound. Four patients developed rashes during therapy and two became anaemic.
Ectopic Secretion of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor as a Cause of Cushing’s Syndrome
Authors: Robert M. Carey, Shalendra K. Varma, Charles R. Drake, Michael O. Thorner, Kalman Kovacs, Jean Rivier, Wylie Vale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Corticotropin-releasing factor, a hypophyseo-tropic hormone that stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion, has recently been isolated, characterized, and synthesized in the sheep and rat. We report on a patient with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate presenting with anterior and posterior pituitary hormone deficiency together with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. At postmortem examination, large areas of the median eminence and pituitary stalk were replaced by tumor, but the corticotrophs were markedly hyperplastic. Immunostaining of tumor cells was positive for corticotropin-releasing factor and was negative for ACTH and a wide range of other hormones. Radioimmunoassay and bioassays showed that tumor extracts and further purified fractions were active in corticotropin-releasing factor, and the tumor material coeluted with corticotropin-releasing factor on high-pressure liquid chromatography. These studies demonstrate that ectopic secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor is a cause of Cushing's syndrome in human beings. The features of this syndrome include hypercortisolism, pituitary corticotroph hyperplasia, elevation of circulating ACTH levels, and failure to suppress the pituitary-adrenal axis with exogenous glucocorticoids.
Chest X-ray Screening For Tuberculosis
Authors: Jerry C. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Asher J. Finkel, in answering a question (226:799, 1973), stated that "a base-line chest x-ray film examination is a reasonable entrance requirement" for college admission. Dr. Finkel indicated that the chest x-ray examination is not the most efficient method of screening for pulmonary tuberculosis, but failed to advocate a tuberculin test, the most efficient way of screening for tuberculosis. In the face of a negative tuberculin skin test in a healthy young person, a chest x-ray examination would be not only inefficient but unnecessary. The value of a chest x-ray examination in screening healthy young people prior to allowing participation in extramural or intramural athletic programs is unproven. Since youngsters participate in these programs throughout their education, Dr. Finkel's suggestion could be extended throughout the school years, resulting in repeated unnecessary x-ray examinations. Dr. Finkel indicated that it is possible to take chest x-ray films without
Abstract 2110: Molecular characterization of everolimus-resistant cell lines established from estrogen depletion-resistant MCF-7
Authors: Mariko Kimura, Toru Hanamura, Toshifumi Niwa, Yuri Yamaguchi, Itaru Endo, Shin-ichi Hayashi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract mTOR inhibitor everolimus has been considered as a promising agent for breast cancer treatment especially among estrogen receptor (ER) positive postmenopausal advanced breast cancer. As expected, combination therapy of everolimus and steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) showed remarkable clinical efficacy for the first line nonsteroidal AI treatment failure patients in BOLERO-2 trial. However, the subsequent treatment after refractory to that therapy remains a great matter. We already reported several types of long term estrogen-depletion resistant (EDR) cell lines from MCF-7-E10, which has been constitutively ERE-GFP-transfected to monitor ER activity in living cells (Fujiki N et al., J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 Oct 13;139C:61-72). They mimic AI resistance and these EDR cells have been characterized as the followings. 1) Type 1 as ER positive (ERE-GFP positive), constitutive ER overexpression without estrogen, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway upregulated. 2) Type 2 as ER negative conversion (ERE-GFP negative) and IGF-1R/JNK signaling pathway upregulated. Then with those two types of sub-cell lines, we generated everolimus resistant cells after long term exposure to everolimus in estrogen depleted medium. Those everolimus resistant (EVR) cells are equivalent to resistance to the combination therapy of AI and everolimus as the second line endocrine treatment after the first line AI treatment failure. Though everolimus extremely inhibited cell proliferation of two EDR cell lines, everolimus resistant cells named as Type 1-EVR, Type 2-EVR no longer responded to everolimus. ER expression and estrogen sensitivity of two types of EVR cells were similar to those of the parental cells, respectively. Pure anti-estrogen fulvestrant inhibited cell proliferation of Type1-EVR cells. On the other hand, Type2-EVR did not respond to fulvestrant but JNK inhibitor inhibited the cell growth. Phosphorylation status of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 were different among individual parental EDR cells and EVR cells. Type1-EVR showed much higher expression of phosphorylation of MAP-kinase than the parental cells. In contrast, Type2-EVR expressed phosphorylation of MAP-kinase less than the parental cells. As above, the mechanism of acquired resistance to everolimus was likely to be different between those two sub-cell lines. This finding implies that different mechanisms of AI resistance follow different types of everolimus resistance. Citation Format: Mariko Kimura, Toru Hanamura, Toshifumi Niwa, Yuri Yamaguchi, Itaru Endo, Shin-ichi Hayashi. Molecular characterization of everolimus-resistant cell lines established from estrogen depletion-resistant MCF-7. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2110. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2110
Intestinal Gas Production — Recent Advances in Flatology
Authors: Michael D. Levitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Production of gas in the intestinal tract is an aspect of human physiology that has received far more attention in the scatologic than the scientific literature. In recent years, however, a few reports have threatened to deflate some of the mythology surrounding this topic and pump some data into a field that has been filled largely with hot air.Three gases are produced in appreciable quantities in the human gut: hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide.1 Hydrogen and methane are not produced by human metabolic processes but are produced in the human gastrointestinal tract by the bacterial flora.2 Carbon dioxide arises . . .
Loop Diuretics for Chronic Renal Insufficiency: A Continuous Infusion Is More Efficacious Than Bolus Therapy
Authors: David W. Rudy, James R. Voelker, Paula K. Greene, Francisco A. Esparza, D. Craig Brater
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

To test the hypothesis that a continuous, low-dose infusion of a loop diuretic is more efficacious and better tolerated than conventional intermittent bolus therapy in patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency (CRI).Randomized, crossover clinical trial with subjects serving as their own controls.The General Clinical Research Center of Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana.Eight adult volunteers with severe stable CRI (mean creatinine clearance, 0.28 mL/s; range, 0.15 to 0.47 mL/s) were recruited from the outpatient nephrology clinics of Indiana University Medical Center.On admission, diuretic drugs were withdrawn and patients were equilibrated on an 80 mmol/d sodium, 60 mmol/d potassium metabolic diet. Patients were randomized to receive a 12-mg intravenous dose of bumetanide given either as two 6-mg bolus doses separated by 6 hours or as the same total dose administered as a 12-hour continuous infusion. When sodium balance was re-established, each patient was crossed over to the alternative study limb. All patients completed both phases of the study.Comparable amounts of bumetanide appeared in the urine during the study period (infusion, 912 +/- 428 micrograms; bolus, 944 +/- 421 micrograms; difference, 32 micrograms; 95% CI, -16 micrograms to 80 micrograms, P = 0.16). The continuous infusion resulted in significantly greater net sodium excretion (infusion, 236 +/- 77 mmol; bolus, 188 +/- 50 mmol; difference, 48 mmol; CI, 16 mmol to 80 mmol, P = 0.01). No patient had episodes of drug-induced myalgias during the continuous infusion compared with 3 of 8 patients with bolus therapy.In patients with severe CRI, a continuous intravenous infusion of bumetanide is more effective and less toxic than conventional intermittent bolus therapy. Continuous administration will probably be useful in patients with severe CRI who have not achieved an adequate natriuresis or who show evidence of drug toxicity with standard diuretic dosing regimens. A similar benefit may occur in selected diuretic-resistant patients with cardiac or hepatic disease, and studies in these patients seem warranted.