tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B—An Occupational Risk for Butchers?
Authors: Dror Mevorach, Rami Eliakim, Mayer Brezis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 March 1992Hepatitis B—An Occupational Risk for Butchers?Dror Mevorach, MD, Rami Eliakim, MD, Mayer Brezis, MDDror Mevorach, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Rami Eliakim, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Mayer Brezis, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-5-428_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, for which preventive vaccination is still the best available therapy, has significant morbidity and mortality. We report the outbreak of hepatitis B in a butchery in which four of the five employees as well as their spouses showed evidence of HBV infection. The means of transmission of HBV are discussed.A 57-year-old man was hospitalized for management of excessive hypertension that was resistant to metoprolol and diltiazem. Physical examination revealed no relevant findings except for high blood pressure (180 to 200/120). A complete blood count and the results of liver enzyme and...References1. FranksBeryKane AJM. Hepatitis B virus infection among children born in the United States to Southeast Asian refugees. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1301-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. GrayWeberLemon DJM. Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus. Lancet. 1989;1:889-93. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Hoofnagle J. Towards universal vaccinations against hepatitis B virus. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1333-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LewisAlterChalmers JHT. A comparison of the frequency of hepatitis B antigen and antibody in hospital and non-hospital personnel. N Engl J Med. 1973;289:647-51. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MijchBarnesCroweDimitrakakisLucas ARSMC. An outbreak of hepatitis B and D in butchers. Scand J Infect Dis. 1987;19:179-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hadassah University Hospital Jerusalem 91240 Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHepatitis in slaughterhouse workersSequential occurrence of acute hepatitis B among members of a high school Sumo wrestling clubIncreased risk of exposure to hepatitis b infection among butchers sharing knives 1 March 1992Volume 116, Issue 5Page: 428-428KeywordsHepatitis AHepatitis BHepatitis B virusHypertensionInfectious hepatitisLiverMorbidityMortalityPrimary hypertensionResistant hypertension Issue Published: 1 March 1992 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Shear stress and the endothelial transport barrier
Authors: John M. Tarbell
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

The shear stress of flowing blood on the surfaces of endothelial cells that provide the barrier to transport of solutes and water between blood and the underlying tissue modulates the permeability to solutes and the hydraulic conductivity. This review begins with a discussion of transport pathways across the endothelium and then considers the experimental evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies that shows an influence of shear stress on endothelial transport properties after both acute (minutes to hours) and chronic (hours to days) changes in shear stress. Next, the effects of shear stress on individual transport pathways (tight junctions, adherens junctions, vesicles and leaky junctions) are described, and this information is integrated with the transport experiments to suggest mechanisms controlling both acute and chronic responses of transport properties to shear stress. The review ends with a summary of future research challenges.
Twenty-Third Annual Pezcoller Symposium: Engineering Influences in Cancer Research
Authors: Peter Friedl, Jeff Hubbell, David Livingston, Enrico Mihich
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The cross-disciplinary focus of the meeting highlighted recent progress in physical and genetic analysis and engineering of cancer disease models. As the central theme, mechanical forces affecting cell signaling, growth, differentiation, and metastasis were discussed with emphasis on the tumor microenvironment and cellular immunity, taking into account novel nanotechnology, biosensing, and intravital microscopy tools to monitor animal cancer models and human cancer. Emerging themes were the role of extracellular matrix imposing mechanical mechanisms on tumor cell function, including microenvironmental cues controlling the movement of tumor and immune cells, advanced genetic animal models for cancer that better recapitulate human disease, and preclinical and clinical molecular imaging of tumor architecture and stiffness, as well as novel nanotechnologies for anticancer drug delivery. Cancer Res; 72(4); 841–4. ©2012 AACR.
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in Adolescents
Authors: J. A. H. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1961)

LEUKAEMIA BRDITSHFifty instances of leukaemia in association with mongolism are known to have occurred in England and Wales between 1945 and 1959.The proportion of deaths attributed to the various types of leukaemia are closely similar to those estimated from the national mortality rates, and it is concluded that the increased risk of acute leukaemia in mongolism affects all the types of the disease commonly observed in childhood.Examination of the death entries relating to 5,425 children who had died of leukaemia or aplastic anaemia revealed only one example of the occurrence of one or other disease in both members of a pair of identical twins.We are grateful to the Registrar-General of England and Wales for the extraction of the data; to Professor M. Segi for details of the leukaemia mortality in childhood in Japan; to Dr. Alice Stewart for details of some of the cases of associated mongolism and leukaemia; to Dr. R. A. M. Case for information about the mortality rates for leukaemia in childhood ill England and Wales between 1911 and 1930; and to Dr. A. G. Gilliam for information about population estimates in the U.S.A.We are grateful also to Dr. Jean
Amyloid β2-microglobulin is modified with Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine in dialysis-related amyloidosis
Authors: Toshimitsu Niwa, Mitsuhiko Sato, Tomoyuki Katsuzaki, Toshiyuki Tomoo, Takashi Miyazaki, Noriyuki Tatemichi, Yoshifumi Takei, Tadao Kondo
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Effectiveness of innovations in nurse led chronic disease management for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review of evidence
Authors: Stephanie J C Taylor, Bridget Candy, Rosamund M Bryar, Jean Ramsay, Hubertus J M Vrijhoef, Glenda Esmond, Jadwiga A Wedzicha, Chris J Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine the effectiveness of innovations in management of chronic disease involving nurses for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). <b>Design</b> Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> 24 electronic databases searched for English or Dutch language studies published between January 1980 and January 2005. <b>Review methods</b> Included studies described inpatient, outpatient, and community based interventions for chronic disease management that were led, coordinated, or delivered by nurses. Hospital at home and early discharge schemes for acute exacerbations of COPD were excluded. <b>Results</b> We identified nine relevant randomised controlled trials, most of which had some potential methodological flaws. All the interventions seemed to be variations on a case management model. The interventions described could be divided into brief (one month) and longer term (around a year) or more intensive interventions. Only two studies examined the effect of brief interventions, these found little evidence of any benefit. Meta-analysis of the long term interventions failed to detect any influence on mortality at 9-12 months9 follow-up (Peto odds ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.58 to 1.26). There was evidence that the long term interventions had not improved patients9 health related quality of life, psychological wellbeing, disability, or pulmonary function. The evidence on whether long term interventions reduced readmissions to hospital was equivocal, but the only study exclusively directed at patients on long term oxygen therapy reported a reduction in readmission. We identified several outcomes where little or no evidence was available; these included patients9 satisfaction, self management skills, adherence with treatment recommendations, the likelihood of smoking cessation, and the effect of the interventions on carers. <b>Conclusion</b> There is little evidence to date to support the widespread implementation of nurse led management interventions for COPD, but the data are too sparse to exclude any clinically relevant benefit or harm arising from such interventions.
Frequency and Extent of Bulbar Duodenitis in Duodenal Ulcer, Endoscopic and Histological Study
Authors: P. Paoluzi, F. Pallone, P. Palazzesi, A. Marcheggiano, C. Iannoni
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

The present prospective investigation was aimed at ascertaining the true incidence of duodenitis in the presence of duodenal ulcer, and the extent of bulbar involvement. In 54 consecutive patients 3 biopsy specimens were collected from preestablished sites during endoscopy. Endoscopic findings were defined as the presence or absence of definite inflammation. Biopsy specimens were evaluated blind, and the degree of duodenitis was classified from 0 to 3 in accordance with the criteria proposed by Whitehead; grade 1 was further classified into 1a (within the range of normal mucosa) and 1b (mild duodenitis). Only grades 1b, 2 and 3 were regarded as duodenitis. Reliable histologic evaluation of all 3 biopsies was possible in only 36 out of the 54 patients. Results show that endoscopic and histologic findings are in agreement in 82% of the patients, but endoscopic judgement of inflammation was false in 17 out of 54 (35%) observations of histologically normal mucosa. Histological duodenitis is more frequent and more severe close to the ulcer than in the mid-bulbar area, and the mucosa of the mid-bulbar area appears to be significantly more affected by the inflammatory process than the apex. Duodenitis is present predominantly in the areas of the duodenal bulb in which ulcers usually develop, and therefore it might not be merely a phenomenon induced by the presence of the ulcer.
TCTAP A-187 Treatment of Coronary Bifurcations with Two Different Bifurcation Dedicated Stents (Axxess: Self Expandable Drug Eluting, and Tryton: Balloon Expandable Bare Metal): Single Centre Experience
Authors: Farhat Fpouladvand, Camillo Falcone, Antonio Mantovani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Midwifery
Authors: E. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1872)

presented as the facts in the case.Why, even in criminal cases, can- not we have such a supplementary jury sworn to examine nothing whatever but the physical facts connected with the case?The wit- nesses may be examined by the lawyers; for they are clever at that, if at nothing else.And the verdict of the supplementary jury should be handed to the common jury as the only scientific evidence to be admitted.Such a plan would save justice gom the uncertainty whiclh is the greatest injury to which it is now exposed.A man now never knows whether he is to be hanged or not, which is a very unpleasant thing.The duties which the medical profession discharge to the public are at present but very imperfectly understood, and Iturn with special pleasure to those which they discharge to the sick, and especially to the poor.The tongue of slander has never been able to say that any large portion of the medical profession has ever neglected or deserted that duty.The blessings of the poor are always their best and sometimes the only reward they get for many hours of lonely toil.It is a consolation to men working in the outskirts of civilisation in many parts of the country, in remote villages and mountainous districts, where they have few companions of equal education around them, and are perhaps neg- lected by those supenor in society to themselves, toiling almost aloneit is always a satisfaction to them to know that they are labouring in a good cause, following the footsteps of Him who not only reclaimed the sinner from his evil ways, but also healed the sick.The records of no profession can show so long a roll of obscure, able, and clever men, making, in quiet, great discoveries in science, in solitude doing much good, whose names are not known during life, and to many -of whom statues to perpetuate their memories are now being erected throughout England.Many an humble physician has thus worked, seen by no eye but that of the Great Master, and, at the close of his useful but neglected career, sees the shadow of the evening of life close upoin these labours, and may well exclaim, in the words of the great Italian poet who died among us in Englanid, far from his native land, and forgotten by his country-"Morte me darai fama e riposo.""Death will give me fame and rest."This is glorious language; still it is the voice of despair.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Performance in Normal Newborns
Authors: DAVID J. SAHN, WILLIAM J. DEELY, ARTHUR D. HAGAN, WILLIAM F. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Left ventricular function was assessed in 72 normal neonates (age 5-15 days, weight 6-10 lbs) using the echocardiographically determined mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF). Comparison between mean VCF determined echocardiographically and angiocardiographically in nine infants with congenital heart disease yielded a correlation coefficient of +0.97 ( P &lt; 0.001). For the group of normal newborns, mean VCF averaged 1.51 ± 0.04 ( se ) circumferences/sec with a range of 0.92 to 2.2 circ/sec. Sub-group values were: &lt;12 hrs (N = 13) 1.48 ± 0.08 circ/sec; 12-24 hrs (N = 16) 1.46 ± 0.05 circ/sec; 24-48 hrs (N = 26) 1.44 ± 0.06 circ/sec; 48-72 hrs (N = 19) 1.57 – 0.06 circ/sec; 72-150 hrs (N = 8) 1.61 ± 0.11 circ/sec. The differences between age groups were not significant statistically. In contrast, VCF was noted to be depressed significantly in the first hour of life when normal infants were evaluated serially. These studies validate ultrasound determinations of internal shortening velocity in the neonatal period, provide normal values, and attest to the reproducibility of the method. The technique will be especially valuable for the serial, noninvasive assessment of left ventricular performance in newborn infants.
Coincidental Appearance of LAV/HTLV-III Antibodies in Hemophiliacs and the Onset of the AIDS Epidemic
Authors: Bruce L. Evatt, Edward D. Gomperts, J. Steven McDougal, Rosemary B. Ramsey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

To determine when antibody to lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) emerged in the US hemophiliac population, serum bank samples that had been collected from hemophiliacs from California, Georgia, New York, and Texas in 1968 and in 1978-84 were tested for antibody to viral proteins p25 and p41 of LAV. Antibody to LAV was not detected in the serum samples collected in 1968-69 from 15 patients with mild hemophilia A. Before 1980, it was present in only 1 of 21 California patients with hemophilia A. Among the latter group, seroconversion tended not to occur until 1982, rapidly increased in 1983, and had reached a rate of over 85% by 1984. Among Georgian hemophiliacs, 8 of 14 (57%) were seropositive in 1981 and 8 of 8 (100%) were positive in 1984. The extent of seroconversion was not as great among patients with hemophilia B as among those with hemophilia A. None of the patients with antibody to LAV has contracted acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Of the 22 patients who received factor VIII concentrates (21 with hemophilia A and 1 with von Willebrand's disease), 7(32%) have mild lymphadenopathy. Of the 7 patients who received factor IX concentrates (6 with hemophilia B and 1 with a factor VII deficiency), only 1 had lymphadenopathy. These findings show that LAV exposure is widespread among patients receiving factor VIII concentrate and suggest that the concentrate may have contained LAV during 1980-83. Of interest was the observation that seroconversion in hemophiliacs began shortly after the outbreak of the AIDS epidemic among homosexual men and intravenous drug users (1979-80), and the timing of seroconversion correlates with the 1st cases of AIDS in hemophiliacs in late 1981-early 1982. The temporal relationship between seroconversion and the epidemic among hemophiliacs supports the hypothesis that LAV is the etiologic agent of AIDS.
The Neurology of Olfaction
Authors: Alan R. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Measurement of Gastro-intestinal Bleeding Using Radioactive Chromium
Authors: R. M. Bannerman
Journal: BMJ (1957)

TRIIODOTHYRONINEThe use of triiodothyronine in the management of patients with thyroid carcinoma and in the diagnosis of borderline hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis is described.Some suggestions regarding its use in the treatment of myxoedema coma are made and the dangers in the treatment of this condition emphasized.We are indebted to Dr. R. Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S., for her criticism and advice,
Recent Advances in Virus Infections: The New Era in Virology
Authors: A. J. Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1960)

This paper describes some of the advances in knowledge of virus infections of man, with particular reference to -those new diseases discovered in the last few years, mainly by the use of improved technical methods.It may be claimed that virus diseases are now the most prevalent of the microbial infections of man, and by failure to respond to antibiotics they stand out in marked contrast to the bacterial infections.The only effective method of control of most of the virus diseases is prophylactic vaccination, and this method has already ,proved effective against some infections.The New Viruses Twenty years ago only 36 antigenically distinct human viruses were known, and 14 of these could not be ,propagated regularly in the laboratory-that is, the viruses of molluscum contagiosum, warts, herpes zoster, .measles,rubella, varicella, infectious hepatitis, serum 'hepatitis, trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, common ,cold, Australian X disease, dengue, and sandfly fever (Table I).It is small wonder, therefore, that the study of virus infections was mainly an academic pursuit -and of little concern to the physician in his daily -practice.During 1940-59 the situation changed significantly, with the discovery of an additional 116 antigenically distinct human pathogenic viruses, all of which can be easily cultivated in the laboratory (Table IL).Over 90 -of these were discovered in the last 10 years of the period.As a further advance, many of the viruses already known in 1939 have more recently been adapted to growth in the laboratory-that is, the viruses of herpes ,zoster, measles, varicella, trachoma, inclusion conjunc--tivitis, common cold, Australian X (Murray Valley) encephalitis, dengue, and sandfly fever.At the present day, only five important human viruses :have not been propagated in the laboratory the viruses of molluscum contagiosum, warts, infectious hepatitis, -serum hepatitis, and rubella.Many of the viruses recently discovered are the cause of acute infections commonly encountered in medical practice, and it may be said that viruses have now been established as affecting almost all the organs of the body.
Kinetics of the Factor XIa catalyzed activation of human blood coagulation Factor IX.
Authors: P N Walsh, H Bradford, D Sinha, J R Piperno, G P Tuszynski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The kinetics of activation of human Factor IX by human Factor XIa was studied by measuring the release of a trichloroacetic acid-soluble tritium-labeled activation peptide from Factor IX by a modification of a method described for bovine Factor IX activation by Zur and Nemerson (Zur, M., and Y. Nemerson, 1980, J. Biol. Chem., 255:5703-5707). Initial rates of trichloroacetic acid-soluble 3H-release were linear over 10-30 min of incubation of Factor IX (88 nM) with CaCl2 (5 mM) and with pure (greater than 98%) Factor XIa (0.06-1.3 nM), which was prepared by incubating human Factor XI with bovine Factor XIIa. Release of 3H preceded the appearance of Factor IXa activity, and the percentage of 3H released remained constant when the mole fraction of 3H-labeled and unlabeled Factor IX was varied and the total Factor IX concentration remained constant. A linear correlation (r greater than 0.98, P less than 0.001) was observed between initial rates of 3H-release and the concentration of Factor XIa, measured by chromogenic assay and by radioimmunoassay and added at a Factor IX:Factor XIa molar ratio of 70-5,600. Kinetic parameters, determined by Lineweaver-Burk analysis, include Km (0.49 microM) of about five- to sixfold higher than the plasma Factor IX concentration, which could therefore regulate the reaction. The catalytic constant (kcat) (7.7/s) is approximately 20-50 times higher than that reported by Zur and Nemerson (Zur, M., and Y. Nemerson, 1980, J. Biol. Chem., 255:5703-5707) for Factor IX activation by Factor VIIa plus tissue factor. Therefore, depending on the relative amounts of Factor XIa and Factor VIIa generated in vivo and other factors which may influence reaction rates, these kinetic parameters provide part of the information required for assessing the relative contributions of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to Factor IX activation, and suggest that the Factor XIa catalyzed reaction is physiologically significant.