tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation of T cell response and bacterial clearance in human volunteers challenged with Helicobacter pylori revealed by randomised controlled vaccination with Ty21a-based Salmonella vaccines
Authors: T Aebischer, D Bumann, H J Epple, W Metzger, T Schneider, G Cherepnev, A K Walduck, D Kunkel, V Moos, C Loddenkemper, I Jiadze, M Panasyuk, M Stolte, D Y Graham, M Zeitz, T F Meyer
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> remains a global health hazard, and vaccination would be ideal for its control. Natural infection appears not to induce protective immunity. Thus, the feasibility of a vaccine for humans is doubtful. <h3>Methods:</h3> In two prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled studies (Paul Ehrlich Institute application nos 0802/02 and 1097/01), live vaccines against <i>H pylori</i> were tested in human volunteers seronegative for, and without evidence of, active <i>H pylori</i> infection. Volunteers (n = 58) were immunised orally with <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhi Ty21a expressing <i>H pylori</i> urease or HP0231, or solely with Ty21a, and then challenged with 2×10<sup>5</sup> cagPAI<sup>−</sup><i>H pylori.</i> Adverse events, infection, humoral, cellular and mucosal immune response were monitored. Gastric biopsies were taken before and after vaccination, and postchallenge. Infection was terminated with antibiotics. <h3>Results:</h3> Vaccines were well tolerated. Challenge infection induced transient, mild to moderate dyspeptic symptoms, and histological and transcriptional changes in the mucosa known from chronic infection. Vaccines did not show satisfactory protection. However, 13 of 58 volunteers, 8 vaccinees and 5 controls, became breath test negative and either cleared <i>H pylori</i> (5/13) completely or reduced the <i>H pylori</i> burden (8/13). <i>H pylori</i>-specific T helper cells were detected in 9 of these 13 (69%), but only in 6 of 45 (13%) breath test-positive volunteers (p = 0.0002; Fisher exact test). T cells were either vaccine induced or pre-existing, depending on the volunteer. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Challenge infection offers a controlled model for vaccine testing. Importantly, it revealed evidence for T cell-mediated immunity against <i>H pylori</i> infection in humans.
Evidence for neuroinflammation and neuroprotection in HCV infection-associated encephalopathy
Authors: M. Bokemeyer, X.-Q. Ding, A. Goldbecker, P. Raab, M. Heeren, D. Arvanitis, H. L. Tillmann, H. Lanfermann, K. Weissenborn
Journal: Gut (2010)

Fatigue, mood disturbances and cognitive dysfunction are frequent in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who have mild liver disease. The reason is still unclear. The present study aims to gain more insight into the pathomechanism by combining an extensive neuropsychological examination with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in four different brain regions in a patient group covering the whole spectrum of neuropsychiatric findings in patients afflicted with HCV who have only mild liver disease.53 HCV-positive patients with only mild liver disease and differing degrees of neuropsychiatric symptoms were studied with single-voxel MRS of the parietal white matter, occipital grey matter, basal ganglia and pons. Brain metabolite concentrations were quantitatively analysed by using LCmodel. MRS data were compared to those of 23 healthy controls adjusted for age, and analysed for relationships with the extent of neuropsychiatric symptoms.Choline (p=0.02), creatine (p=0.047) and N-acetyl-aspartate plus N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NN, p=0.02) concentrations in the basal ganglia and choline concentrations in the white matter (p=0.045) were significantly higher in the patients than in controls. Interestingly, the difference was most evident for the patients with low fatigue scores (eg, white matter: choline: p=0.001, creatine: p=0.003, NN: p=0.031). Myo-inositol differed significantly between groups in the white (p=0.001) and grey matter (p=0.003). Fatigue correlated negatively with white matter NN, choline and creatine and myo-inositol levels in white and grey matter and basal ganglia (p<0.01).As the increase of choline, creatine and myo-inositol are usually interpreted to indicate glial activation and macrophage infiltration in chronic inflammation and slow virus infections of the brain the present data endorse the hypothesis, that HCV infection may induce neuroinflammation and brain dysfunction. The concomitant increase of NN and the negative correlation to the extent of fatigue suggest a cerebral compensatory process after HCV infection.
Hypertropic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Authors: Pamela Jo Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1988Hypertropic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Pamela Jo Harris, MDPamela Jo Harris, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-3-250_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, a syndrome characterized by painful periostitis of the long bones, is often accompanied by arthritis and has pathognomonic features (1). The syndrome has been associated with various malignancies and also with nonmalignant pulmonary and nonpulmonary conditions (2). I report the first case of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (3, 4).A 33-year-old HIV-antibody positive white homosexual man had a mild arthralgia involving wrists, elbows, shoulders, knees, and ankles bilaterally. He also had severe pain in the distal tibia bilaterally and mild pain in the radii bilaterally.Results of a...References1. Mills J. A spectrum of organ systems that respond to cancer: the joints and connective tissue. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1974;230:443-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. DeVitaHellmanRosenberg VSS. Cancer: Principles and Practices of Oncology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co.; 1985:1830. Google Scholar3. DeVitaHellmanRosenberg VSS. AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co.; 1985. Google Scholar4. Groopman J. AIDS. Semin Oncol. 1984;9:(1). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Carl Vogel Foundation Washington, DC 20008 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGamma Interferon Is Required for Optimal Antibody-Mediated Immunity against Genital Chlamydia InfectionDigital Clubbing in HIV-Infected Patients: An Observational StudyHipertensión arterial pulmonar primaria, osteoartropatía hipertrófica, anticuerpos anticardiolipina y VIHHypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy Associated with Granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in AIDSMusculoskeletal Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionHypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in pulmonary metastatic disease. A case report and review of the literature 1 August 1988Volume 109, Issue 3Page: 250-250KeywordsArthralgiaArthritisBoneElbowHIVHIV infectionsHomosexualsKneesPulmonary diseasesShoulders Issue Published: 1 August 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Studies on the coordinate activity and lability of orotidylate phosphoribosyltransferase and decarboxylase in human erythrocytes, and the effects of allopurinol administration
Authors: Richard M. Fox, Margaret H. Wood, William J. O'Sullivan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

A coordinate relationship between the activities of two sequential enzymes in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway has been demonstrated in human red cells. The two enzymes, orotidylate phosphoribosyltransferase and decarboxylase are responsible for the conversion of orotic acid to uridine-5'-monophosphate. Fractionation of red cells, on the basis of increase of specific gravity with cell age, has revealed that these two enzymes have a marked but equal degree of lability in the ageing red cell. It is postulated that orotidylate phosphoribosyltransferase and decarboxylase form an enzyme-enzyme complex, and that the sequential deficiency of these two enzymes in hereditary orotic aciduria may reflect a structural abnormality in this complex. In patients receiving allopurinol, the activities of both enzymes are coordinately increased, and this increase appears to be due, at least in part, to stabilization of both orotidylate phosphoribosyltransferase and decarboxylase in the ageing red cell. Allopurinol ribonucleotide is an in vitro inhibitor of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase and requires the enzyme hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase for its synthesis. However, the administration of allopurinol to patients lacking this enzyme results in orotidinuria and these patients have elevated orotidylate phosphoribosyltransferase and decarboxylase activities in their erythrocytes. Evidence is presented that the chief metabolite of allopurinol, oxipurinol, with a 2,4-diketo pyrimidine ring is capable of acting as an analogue of orotic acid. It is postulated that the in vivo formation of oxipurinol ribonucleotide, catalyzed by orotidylate phosphoribosyltransferase, after allopurinol administration, leads to inhibition of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase. This inhibition results in the urinary excretion of excessive amounts of orotidine and orotic acid, and "pseudo-substrate" stabilization of orotidylate phosphoribosyltransferase and decarboxylase.
Stent Endothelialization
Authors: Eric Van Belle, Fermin O. Tio, Thierry Couffinhal, Luc Maillard, Jonathan Passeri, Jeffrey M. Isner
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Because prior studies have established the critical role of the endothelium in preventing vascular thrombosis and intimal thickening, we designed a series of experiments to determine the feasibility of percutaneous local catheter delivery of recombinant protein to accelerate development of an intact endothelial monolayer after stent implantation. Methods and Results Balloon injury followed by percutaneous delivery of a 15-mm-long, balloon-expandable metallic stent was performed in 64 rabbit external iliac arteries (baseline diameter, 2.67±0.07 mm). Planimetric time-course analysis disclosed &lt;20% stent endothelialization at 4 days, &lt;40% at 7 days, and near-complete endothelialization at 28 days. The reporter protein horseradish peroxidase and the endothelial cell–specific recombinant protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were each effectively delivered from a local delivery catheter (channel balloon catheter, ChB) after stent implantation. Although local catheter delivery (of vehicle control) itself mildly retarded the extent of stent endothelialization (10.6±2.9%) versus no local delivery (25.5±6.6%, P =.045), local ChB delivery of 100 μg VEGF overcame this catheter effect: By day 7, stent endothelialization was nearly complete (91.8±3.8%) ( P &lt;.0001 versus no local delivery). Consequently, stent thrombus was reduced in the VEGF-treated group (mural thrombus, 5.3±3.7%) versus no local delivery (29.3±6.8%, P =.006). Occlusive thrombus was seen only in the absence of local VEGF administration. Conclusions (1) Local delivery of recombinant protein to the arterial wall is feasible after stent implantation, and (2) local delivery of the endothelial cell mitogen VEGF accelerates stent endothelialization, reducing stent thrombosis. These results thus establish a novel means by which the safety and/or bioactivity of endovascular stents may be further enhanced.
Unusual Uptake of In-111 Labeled Platelets in a Patient with Polycythemia
Authors: BARRY L. SHULKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

ln-111 labeled platelets have been used in the evaluation of a number of pathologic processes, including transplant rejection and vascular thrombosis. However, ln-111 labeled platelet studies may also be helpful in the diagnosis and management of thrombocytopenia. A case is presented in which a platelet imaging and survival study prevented an unwarranted splenectomy and provided insights into the etiology of the patient's thrombocytopenia.
Amelioration of Insulin Lipoatrophy by Dexamethasone Injection
Authors: Thomas H. Whitley
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Widespread subcutaneous lipoatrophy occurred in a 47-year-old woman after subcutaneous injections of isophane insulin suspension for five months. Subsequent systemic treatment with a dexamethasone (0.08 mg/day) insulin mixture injected subcutaneously into the depressed areas resulted in an impressive return of subcutaneous tissue after eight months of continuous therapy.
Clinical Disturbances of Renal Function
Authors: F. T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book is meant for the physician dealing with a patient who has albuminuria, or edema, or hypertension, or other possible manifestations of renal dysfunction. The aim is to answer practical questions of diagnosis and management, but the orientation is biochemical and physiological. An immense number of publications on the kidney have been reviewed, and diagrams are liberally used in order to explain such concepts as clearance, balance, filtration, and transudation. Four early chapters deal with the nephritides, nephrosis, hypertension, and acute renal failure. Eight subsequent chapters deal with the obstetrical, surgical, urologic, cardiopulmonary, hormonal, genetic, and neuropsychiatric aspects of renal dysfunction. The 3 final chapters deal with the relation of age to renal disorders, the therapeutic use of water and electrolytes, and the evaluation of renal function for diagnostic purposes. The author's logic is not always clear, and the opening definitions, which the author refers to as "thematic," are
Acne is not associated with abnormal plasma androgens
Authors: M.J. LEVELL, M.L. CAWOOD, B. BURKE, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) have been measured in 64 females and 26 males aged less than 25 years and with acne vulgaris. Oestradiol was measured in the males. Free T and free DHT were calculated. Acne was graded on three sites and the sebum excretion rate (SER) was measured in most patients. With the possible exception of free DHT, none of the plasma steroids or SHBG correlated with acne severity or with SER. Free DHT in the females showed a possible, but weak, correlation with total acne (r = 0.25, P = 0.07), but comparison with male data showed that this was not causative. The role of androgens in acne is permissive and plasma androgen measurements usually have no place in its management.
Rubella and the Fetus
Authors: P. A. Likuni
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article "Inadvertent Rubella Vaccination of Pregnant Women" (225:1472, 1973) the authors conclude that the evidence "strongly suggests that RVV poses a definite hazard to the fetus." This conclusion is based on histopathologic similarities between the RVV and the wild rubella virus in abortion specimens. If this thesis is brought to its logical conclusion, then 10% to 50% of the 11 seronegative women plus a percentage of the 85 unknown mothers (some of the 85 had to be previously seronegative) should have given birth to babies with rubella defects, yet there was not a single rubella abnormality among the 96 live births. The evidence suggests the opposite conclusion to me—that RVV may be incapable of causing clinical rubella. The virus was isolated from seven of 119 abortion specimens. If looked for, other viruses might be found as well in a sample of abortion specimens, with some
Behavioral Variability Related to Stimulation of the Cat's Amygdala
Authors: Ernest S. Barratt
Journal: JAMA (1963)

BEHAVIOR of a single subject performing the same task over varying time periods is rarely without variation. Most published learning curves, for example, usually are plots of the average values for a number of subjects at each point on the curve. These curves of mean values for a group of subjects usually are smooth and negatively accelerated. If the performance for a single subject is plotted, however, it usually is not a smooth curve. There will be considerable intra-individual variation from a hypothetical smooth curve from trial to trial. The same intra-individual variation of performance will be obtained when tasks are used which are not heavily dependent on learning.  The writer has been studying the parameters of intra-individual variability of performance on a broad spectrum of tasks using human subjects. 1-6 Wide variation in intra-individual response variability has been obtained in these studies. Further, it has been demonstrated that
Psychiatric and Cognitive Effects of War in Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Metin Başoğlu, Maria Livanou, Cvetana Crnobarić, Tanja Frančišković, Enra Suljić, Dijana Đurić, Melin Vranešić
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Although impunity for those responsible for trauma is widely thought to be associated with psychological problems in survivors of political violence, no study has yet investigated this issue.To examine the mental health and cognitive effects of war trauma and how appraisal of redress for trauma and beliefs about justice, safety, other people, war cause, and religion relate to posttraumatic stress responses in war survivors.A cross-sectional survey conducted between March 2000 and July 2002 with a population-based sample of 1358 war survivors who had experienced at least 1 war-related stressor (combat, torture, internal displacement, refugee experience, siege, and/or aerial bombardment) from 4 sites in former Yugoslavia, accessed through linkage sampling. Control groups at 2 study sites were matched with survivors on sex, age, and education.Semi-structured Interview for Survivors of War, Redress for Trauma Survivors Questionnaire, Emotions and Beliefs After War questionnaire, Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV).The mean (SD) age was 39 (12) years, 806 (59%) were men, and 339 (25%) had high school or higher level of education. Participants reported experiencing a mean of 12.6 war-related events, with 292 (22%) and 451 (33%) having current and lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), respectively, and 129 (10%) with current major depression. A total of 1074 (79%) of the survivors reported a sense of injustice in relation to perceived lack of redress for trauma. Perceived impunity for those held responsible for trauma was only one of the factors associated with sense of injustice. Relative to controls, survivors had stronger emotional responses to impunity, greater fear and loss of control over life, less belief in benevolence of people, greater loss of meaning in war cause, stronger faith in God, and higher rates of PTSD and depression. Fear and loss of control over life were associated with PTSD and depression (odds ratio [OR], 2.91; 95% CI, 2.27-3.74 and OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.75-3.03, respectively), and emotional responses to impunity showed a relatively weaker association with PTSD (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.16-2.02) and depression (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02-1.91). Appraisal of redress for trauma was not associated with PTSD or depression.PTSD and depression in war survivors appear to be independent of sense of injustice arising from perceived lack of redress for trauma. Fear of threat to safety and loss of control over life appeared to be the most important mediating factors in PTSD and depression. These findings may have important implications for reconciliation efforts in postwar countries and effective interventions for traumatized war survivors.
Increased MCP-1, RANTES, and MIP-1alpha in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allergic asthmatic patients.
Authors: R Alam, J York, M Boyars, S Stafford, J A Grant, J Lee, P Forsythe, T Sim, N Ida
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Chemokines are cytokines that induce chemotaxis of inflammatory cells. We studied the presence of chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from nine allergic asthmatic patients and six nonsmoking normal individuals. The cells were pelleted, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted by using RNAzol B. BALF was assayed for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation in normal T cells, expressed, probably secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of MCP-1, RANTES, and MIP-1alpha were significantly higher in the asthma patients than in the control subjects (p<0.04). The concentrations of RANTES and MCP-1 correlated with the lymphocyte count in the BAL specimens (r = 0.61 and 0.68, respectively). BALF showed eosinophil chemotactic activity in vitro that was blocked by anti-RANTES and anti-MCP-3 antibodies. The total cellular RNA was reverse-transcribed and the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) was amplified with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for MCP-1, MCP-3, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, IL-8, and beta-actin. We found that messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) for MCP-1, MCP-3, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and IL-8 were produced by BAL cells from most asthmatic and normal subjects. We conclude that chemokines are produced in the airways, and that an increased recovery of MCP-1, RANTES, and MIP-1alpha is observed in allergic asthmatic patients.
Psychiatry in Modern Life
Authors: Merrill Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

EVERY physician, at some time or other, is asked the question, what is modern psychiatry? And whether he is a general practitioner or some kind of a specialist, he is taxed to define and tell about this new field toward which an increasing amount of public interest is turning. In the abstract, psychiatry can be defined as a special branch of medical science, as the study and treatment of mental disease, as the investigation and classification of disorders of personality, or as a description of disturbances in the distribution of human energy, or interpersonal relations or problems of maladjustment. But . . .
Mobile Coronary Care — A Controversial Innovation
Authors: James K. Cooper, Knight Steel, James P. Christodoulou
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The concept of the mobile coronary-care unit (MCCU) is currently receiving a great deal of attention.1 2 3 4 Pantridge, in Belfast, Ireland, first reported his experience in 1966.1 Approximately two years later, Grace, from St. Vincent's Hospital, organized a similar unit in New York City. At least three other projects funded by the Regional Medical Programs are in various stages of development. Each of these is patterned after the Pantridge model.The typical plan of operation is to have a specially equipped ambulance respond to emergency calls that satisfy prearranged criteria as being "cardiac cases." The ambulance contains equipment that is normally . . .