tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1117: Investigating the role of PTEN-induced kinase 1 in cancer development and pathogenesis
Authors: Ciara H. O'Flanagan, Vanessa Morais, Karina Kloos, Wolfgang Wurst, Bart de Strooper, Cora O'Neill
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) was first identified in cancer cells as a gene up-regulated by overexpression of the central tumour suppressor, PTEN. Loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 were subsequently discovered to cause autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (ARPD). While much research has focused on the proposed mechanism(s) through which loss of PINKI function causes neurodegeneration, some studies indicate a potential role for this serine/threonine kinase in cancer cell biology. PINK1 is known to be a pro-survival kinase, protecting cells from several stressors, and is a key controller of mitochondrial integrity, morphology and function. This study aimed to understand the function of PINK1 in the development of cancer. Using SV40 immortalised PINK1 -/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we show that loss of PINK1 results in reduced cell proliferation and foci formation, as well as decreased invasiveness. Overexpression of human PINK1 in these cells rescues these phenotypes and increases migratory capacity, indicating a tumour promoting role for PINK1. Furthermore, PINK1 loss increases autophagy and levels of reactive oxygen species, as well as enhancing mitochondrial fission. Notably, we identify PINK1 as a novel controller of cell cycle progression events which are critical to tumourigenesis. These results indicate an important function for PINK1 in cancer cell development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1117. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1117
Role of spleen in immune response to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine.
Authors: F Di Padova, M Durig, J Wadstrom, F Harder
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The immune response of lymphocytes to subcutaneously administered pneumococcal vaccine was studied in five patients without spleens and in five healthy subjects. Seven days after immunisation circulating B cells synthesising IgG antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (anti-PCP) appeared in both groups. Twenty one days after vaccination this B cell population had disappeared and a B cell subset which secreted IgM and IgG anti-PCP in the presence of pokeweed mitogen was detected in the normal but not in the splenectomised subjects. In the splenectomised group polyclonal IgM synthesis induced by pokeweed mitogen was defective. It was concluded that the early events of the immune response to PCP may be mediated by lymph nodes but that, later, the spleen acquires a central role in producing lymphocyte subsets capable of synthesising specific antibodies and that this might explain the increased sensitivity of splenectomised subjects to pneumococcal infection.
Incidence Rate of Breast Cancer in Young Women
Authors: Parisa Tehranifar, Tomi F. Akinyemiju, Mary Beth Terry
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vindaloo and you: Authors' reply
Authors: I. Bjarnason, P. Smethurst, S. Levi, I. S Menzies, A J. Levi
Journal: BMJ (1989)

In our view Dr Bradley and his colleagues have failed to produce sufficiently secure evidence to allow them to conclude that in all infants of diabetic mothers growth is promoted to such a degree that "they should be considered to be at risk of the biochemical and mechanical consequences of macrosomia," and we express our concern that this conclusion may lead to an unnecessary and undesirable increase in the already high rate of caesarean sections in diabetic women.
The profile of body abnormalities of bodybuilders
Authors: Mahdi Rostami Haji-Abadi, Nader Rahnama
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Situational abnormalities usually occur due to the non-standard use of body which leads in the deformity of body and has lost of side effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type and incidence of skeletal abnormalities in bodybuilders. Situational abnormality of 118 bodybuilders were assessed via posture screen and inserted in examination form. χ 2 Test was used to analyse the data. Results of this study showed that in total 874 situational deformities was observed in the athletes. The average deformity in each athlete was nearly 7.5. The most common abnormalities were medial rotated shoulder (10.4%), lordosis (9.61%), anterior head tilt (8.65%) and kyphosis (7.78%). There was a significant different among trunk and head abnormalities with upper extremities abnormalities (χ 2 = 12.28, p&lt; 0.01) and lower extremities abnormalities (χ 2 = 4.17, p&lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between abnormalities of lower extremities and upper extremities (χ 2 =2.14, p&lt;0.05). It can be concluded that the incidence of abnormalities among bodybuilders is very high. Further studies may deal with the causes of these abnormalities. This is a warning to these athletes. So, trainers should reduce the athlete's abnormalities with designing standard training programme.
European research is launched into hypothermia stroke treatment
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A major phase III clinical trial of mild hypothermia to treat stroke patients by cooling the brain will be launched later this year after the consortium involved secured funding of some €11m (£9.2m; $14.5m) from the European Commission’s research programme.

The five year trial, called EUROHYP-1, will begin in November when 60 hospitals in 25 countries will use the technique to treat 1500 patients who have had an acute ischaemic stroke. It has already been tested in over 200 animal experiments and in pilot clinical trials involving around 100 volunteers. These have shown that cooling the brain within six …
Cyclosporin A Inhibits Monocyte Tissue Factor Activation in Cardiac Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hans Hölschermann, Oliver Kohl, Ulrich Maus, Frank Dürfeld, Angelika Bierhaus, Peter P. Nawroth, Jürgen Lohmeyer, Harald Tillmanns, Werner Haberbosch
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Fibrin deposition and thrombosis have been implicated in both allograft rejection and vasculopathy after cardiac transplantation. Because monocytes play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of intravascular coagulation activation through their ability to synthesize tissue factor (TF), we asked (1) whether monocyte TF activation occurs in cardiac transplant recipients and (2) whether monocyte TF expression is affected by treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA). Methods and Results We measured levels of TF activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and highly purified monocytes/macrophages from 10 consecutive cardiac transplant recipients and 10 healthy control subjects. TF activity generated by both unstimulated and endotoxin-stimulated cells was significantly higher in transplant recipients than in control subjects ( P &lt;.05). Increased monocyte TF expression in transplant recipients was shown to be adversely affected by treatment with CsA: TF induction was markedly reduced by CsA serum concentrations reaching peak CsA drug levels. Inhibition of TF induction in the presence of high CsA blood concentrations was also observed when stimulation of cells was performed with interferon-γ or interleukin-1β. As shown by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively, treatment with CsA leads to decreased TF mRNA expression and reduced activation of the NF-κB transcription factor, which is known to contribute to the induction of the TF promotor in human monocytes. Conclusions This study demonstrates that TF activation, occurring in mononuclear cells of cardiac transplant recipients, is inhibited by treatment with CsA. Inhibition of monocyte TF induction by CsA may contribute to its successful use in cardiac transplant medicine and might be useful in managing further settings of vascular pathology also known to involve TF expression and NF-κB activation.
Effectiveness and efficiency of different guidelines on statin treatment for preventing deaths from coronary heart disease: modelling study
Authors: Douglas G Manuel, Kelvin Kwong, Peter Tanuseputro, Jenny Lim, Cameron A Mustard, Geoffrey M Anderson, Sten Ardal, David A Alter, Andreas Laupacis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To examine the potential effectiveness and efficiency of different guidelines for statin treatment to reduce deaths from coronary heart disease in the Canadian population. <b>Design</b> Modelled outcomes of screening and treatment recommendations of six national or international guidelines—from Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, joint British societies, and European societies. <b>Setting</b> Canada. <b>Data sources</b> Details for 6760 men and women aged 20-74 years from the Canadian Heart Health Survey (weighted sample of 12 300 000 people) that included physical measurements including a lipid profile. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The number of people recommended for treatment with statins, the potential number of deaths from coronary heart disease avoided, and the number needed to treat to avoid one coronary heart disease death with five years of statin treatment if the recommendations from each guideline were fully implemented. <b>Results</b> When applied to the Canadian population, the Australian and British guidelines were the most effective, potentially avoiding the most deaths over five years (&gt; 15 000 deaths). The New Zealand guideline was the most efficient, potentially avoiding almost as many deaths (14 700) while recommending treatment to the fewest number of people (12.9% of people <i>v</i> 17.3% with the Australian and British guidelines). If their "optional" recommendations are included, the US guidelines recommended treating about twice as many people as the New Zealand guidelines (24.5% of the population, an additional 1.4 million people) with almost no increase in the number of deaths avoided. <b>Conclusions</b> By focusing recommendations on people with the highest risk of coronary heart disease, the Canadian, US, and European societies guidelines could improve either their effectiveness (in terms of hundreds of avoided deaths) or efficiency (in terms of thousands of fewer people recommended treatment) in the Canadian population.
Factors determining lobar emptying during maximal and partial forced deflations in nonhomogeneous airway obstruction in dogs.
Authors: D Georgopoulos, A Gomez, S Mink
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The partial expiratory flow-volume (PEFV) maneuver has been proposed as a sensitive test to detect nonuniform airway disease. We tested this hypothesis in seven dogs in an open-chest preparation in which the right upper lobe (RUL) bronchus was partially obstructed. Alveolar capsules were placed on the obstructed RUL and nonobstructed right lower lobe (RLL) to measure respective alveolar pressures (Palv) during PEFV and maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) maneuvers. PEFV curves were initiated at about 75% of the whole-lung vital capacity (VC). A Pitot static tube was placed into the airway to identify sites of flow limitation (choke-points [CP]), frictional pressure losses to CP (Pfr), CP area (A*), and compliance (K*). Results were analyzed at 45% VC, where a central tracheal CP was identified, and at 29% VC, where lobar CP were identified. At both lung volumes, the results showed that during PEFV, Palv and flows of the obstructed RUL decreased, whereas Palv and flows of the RLL increased compared with values obtained during MEFV. However, total maximal expiratory flow (Vmax) did not change between maneuvers. At 45% VC, although Pfr decreased during PEFV, this decrease was not large enough to result in an increase in A* and hence total Vmax because CP were identified in the noncompliant trachea. At 29% VC, offsetting changes in lobar A* and flow occurred between maneuvers: during PEFV, RLL A* and flow relatively increased while RUL A* and flow decreased. This study describes the mechanisms that explain why the PEFV maneuver is not useful in the detection of nonhomogeneous airway obstruction.
Periodic Physician Recredentialing
Authors: Charles D. Sherman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Gellhorn's Special Communication, "Periodic Physician Recredentialing,"<sup>1</sup>deserves lengthy discussion, which cannot be accomplished in a letter. However, we would like to make the following comments: Governor Mario Cuomo's recommendation for periodic physician recredentialing is driven by a statement made earlier by the chancellor of the New York State Board of Regents that "there are many bad doctors out there." We agree that there are some "bad doctors," but we find no data to support the rate of 10% or more as some claim (eg, the Harvard study<sup>2</sup>identified an incidence of 1% of adverse events due to medical mismanagement). However, the commissioner of health concurred with the chancellor and proceeded to implement his unique notion of "recredentialing" by establishing the New York State Advisory Committee on Periodic Physician Recredentialing. Gellhorn failed to mention that the Medical Society of the State of New York was among
A 220-nucleotide deletion of the intronic enhancer reveals an epigenetic hierarchy in immunoglobulin heavy chain locus activation
Authors: Tirtha Chakraborty, Thomas Perlot, Ramesh Subrahmanyam, Anant Jani, Peter H. Goff, Yu Zhang, Irina Ivanova, Frederick W. Alt, Ranjan Sen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

A tissue-specific transcriptional enhancer, Eμ, has been implicated in developmentally regulated recombination and transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene locus. We demonstrate that deleting 220 nucleotides that constitute the core Eμ results in partially active locus, characterized by reduced histone acetylation, chromatin remodeling, transcription, and recombination, whereas other hallmarks of tissue-specific locus activation, such as loss of H3K9 dimethylation or gain of H3K4 dimethylation, are less affected. These observations define Eμ-independent and Eμ-dependent phases of locus activation that reveal an unappreciated epigenetic hierarchy in tissue-specific gene expression.
Ion and Fluid Transport Properties of Small Airways in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sabine Blouquit, Agathe Regnier, Luc Dannhoffer, Christophe Fermanian, Emmanuel Naline, Richard Boucher, Thierry Chinet
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Small airways constitute a major site of pathology in cystic fibrosis (CF) and provide most of the surface area of the conducting airways of the lung. Little is known, however, about the impact of CF on ion and fluid transport in small (bronchiolar) airways.To describe the ion and fluid transport properties of CF bronchiolar epithelium.Primary cultures of human bronchial and bronchiolar (non-CF and CF) epithelial cells were obtained. The bioelectric properties were studied in Ussing chambers and the airway surface liquid (ASL) height was measured with confocal microscopy.Primary cultures of DeltaF508 CF bronchiolar epithelial cells displayed higher transepithelial resistance than non-CF cultures, whereas baseline short circuit current and amiloride-inhibitable short circuit current were similar in both preparations. The ASL height was significantly smaller in CF compared with non-CF preparations. In the presence of amiloride, addition of forskolin increased short circuit current in non-CF but not in CF bronchiolar cultures, and the ATP-induced increase in short circuit current was lower in CF than in non-CF cultures. Non-CF bronchiolar preparations displayed larger short circuit current and fluid secretion in responses to forskolin than non-CF bronchial preparations, suggesting that CFTR-dependent Cl(-) transport may play a more important role in the regulation of fluid transport in small airways than in large airways.In CF small airways, defective Cl(-) secretion combined with unregulated (persistent) Na(+) absorption results in ASLdepletion.
Monitoring Cholesterol Levels: Understanding Variance and Finding the Most Useful Data
Authors: Justin W. Timbie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters16 September 2008Monitoring Cholesterol Levels: Understanding Variance and Finding the Most Useful DataJustin W. Timbie, PhDJustin W. Timbie, PhDFrom Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-6-200809160-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with great interest the article by Glasziou and colleagues (1), which provided useful variance parameters for a simulation study I am currently conducting. I believe the authors made 2 errors, however, and although neither error alters the conclusions of their study, researchers using the reported estimates for other work might come to erroneous conclusions depending on which estimates they use.First, the variance estimates reported on page 659 (column 2, paragraphs 3 and 4) are in the wrong units. The units should be mmol2/L2 (mg2/dL2) and not mmol/L (mg/dL).Second, the variance estimates given on ...Reference1. Glasziou PP, Irwig L, Heritier S, Simes RJ, Tonkin A. LIPID Study Investigators. Monitoring cholesterol levels: measurement error or true change? Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:656-61. [PMID: 18458278] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMonitoring Cholesterol Levels: Measurement Error or True Change? Paul P. Glasziou , Les Irwig , Stephane Heritier , R. John Simes , Andrew Tonkin , and Monitoring Cholesterol Levels: Understanding Variance and Finding the Most Useful Data William E. Cayley Monitoring Cholesterol Levels: Understanding Variance and Finding the Most Useful Data Liu Hong , Kaichun Wu , and Daiming Fan Monitoring Cholesterol Levels: Understanding Variance and Finding the Most Useful Data Paul P. Glasziou and Les Irwig Metrics 16 September 2008Volume 149, Issue 6Page: 436KeywordsCholesterolConflicts of interestLow density lipoprotein ePublished: 16 September 2008 Issue Published: 16 September 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A PRACTICAL COMPARISON OF SOME INSTRUMENTS USED IN ORTHOPTIC TRAINING
Authors: GEORGE P. GUIBOR
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Because of the large number of instruments offered for the training of the fusion faculty in cases of squint, it would seem to be of value to discuss the indications for the use of some of these instruments and the results to be obtained. These instruments may be classified according to their construction into: Instruments depending on the use of prisms to produce the superposition of images. Instruments depending on the reflection by mirrors to produce the superposition of images. Combinations of 1 and 2. Instruments depending on the projection of light forms on a screen to produce the superposition of images. The following list includes most of the instruments employed in the United States and England: Prism refracting instruments: Stereoscope: Standard stereoscope (made in various models). Variable prism stereoscope. Training stereoscope. Kinetic stereoscope. Telebinocular. Stereophorometer. Kratometer.
A New Treatment for Severe Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: René Koning, Alain Cribier, Lowell Gerber, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Christophe Tron, Vivek Gupta, Robert Soyer, Brice Letac
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The rheolytic thrombectomy catheter has been specially designed to remove intravascular thrombus from coronary and peripheral arteries. It demonstrates a practical application of Bernoulli’s principle relating to a low-pressure zone in the region of a high-velocity jet. In this device, this effect is created by direct high-pressure saline jets located at the tip. Thrombus is drawn into this region and, because of the large pressure difference, undergoes mechanical thrombolysis due to the powerful mixing forces. The resulting microparticles are aspirated through the same catheter and removed from the body. Methods and Results We report the use of this device in two patients presenting with severe pulmonary embolism and contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. The two procedures were successfully performed with an excellent immediate angiographic result at the site of the rheolytic thrombectomy. In both cases, the clinical improvement was maintained at follow-up with the same good angiographic result and a decrease to a normal level of the systolic pulmonary pressure. Conclusions This preliminary results suggest that this easy technical method may be useful in the treatment of life-threatening pulmonary embolism in patients with absolute contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. A larger cohort of patients is necessary to determine whether this treatment should be proposed as an alternative to the use of fibrinolytics in selected patients.
Trends in Survival Rates of Patients with Cancer
Authors: Sidney J. Cutler, Max H. Myers, Sylvan B. Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Reports on survival of patients with cancer issued by the National Cancer Institute indicate marked improvement for almost all forms of cancer from the 1940's to 1950's. Subsequently, prognosis for patients with forms of cancer accounting for approximately 42 per cent of all cancers continued to improve, although at a slower rate. For cancers of the lung, colon, rectum, stomach and pancreas, little improvement in patient survival during the 1960's was observed, and for women with invasive cervical cancer, survival rates decreased slightly. One-year survival results for patients with diagnoses made during 1970-71 suggest that improvement in five-year survival observed during the 1960's for many forms of cancer will be sustained. Continued reporting of survival of patients treated in the 1970's would ultimately demonstrate the degree of effectiveness of recently introduced therapeutic procedures.