tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carcinoid Tumor Response to Fibroblast Interferon
Authors: David R. Strayer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently, Oberg et al<sup>1</sup>reported symptomatic relief of carcinoid syndrome and decreases in tumor-associated metabolic products in six of nine patients receiving 3×10<sup>6</sup>to 6×10<sup>6</sup>units/day of leukocyte interferon intramuscularly for three months. Interestingly, with regard to possible effects on tumor growth, they were unable to demonstrate any histological changes or decreases in tumor size. Human interferons include proteins derived from fibroblasts and immune cells as well as those derived from leukocytes. The various molecular species differ both in regard to polypeptide sequence and carbohydrate content. Both in vitro<sup>2</sup>and in vivo<sup>3</sup>studies indicate that these various types of interferons can demonstrate tumor cell specificity. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> We recently treated with fibroblast interferon a 51-year-old man with biopsy-proved carcinoid of the rectum with multiple liver metastases. He had no symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome, and a 24-hour urine collection was
Abstract 2412: Molecular characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient-derived explant models
Authors: Lan Zhang, Jingchuan Zhang, Liang Xie, Xiaoying Xie, Qiuli Guo, Jing Lv, Zeren Gao, Ziliang Qian, Xiaolu Yin, Li Zheng, Guanshan Zhu, Qunsheng Ji, Zhenggang Ren
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Recent evidence suggested that cancer patient-derived explant mouse models can maintain certain pathological and molecular features of the original diseases/patients, which offers potential opportunities for testing “personalized medicine” preclinically. We have established over 20 HCC explant models by directly implanting fresh tumor tissues derived from HCC patients into immunodeficient mice. To assess whether these HCC models would represent HCC clinical characteristics and individual patient diversity, we have compared the molecular profiles of these xenografts with their corresponding patient tissues (F0). This included gene copy variation by aCGH, mRNA expression by Affymetrix and gene mutations as well as protein expressions by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we also assessed the stability of the molecular profiles of various models by comparing different passages (F1-F10). Analysis of the data revealed that the xenograft tumors maintain fundamental genotypic features of the original patients, which recapitulate the genetic diversity of the HCC. The assessment on the stability of molecular profiles of individual model based on Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of aCGH data from different passages (F1-F10) suggests that those HCC models are very stable across passages (r &amp;gt; 0.8). In addition, no dramatic changes of the known molecular and histological features were observed throughout serial passages. AFP mRNA expressions of various models by Affymetrix are very different and mirror patient clinical data very well. Amplification of myc and cycline D1 and deletion of DLC1 and FHIT were detected in different individual models, as well as in corresponding patient HCC tissues, and those aberrations are consistent throughout the passages within various individual model. Furthermore, passages of the tumors in successive cohorts of mice did not change their sensitivity to sorafenib. In summary, we have developed preclinical HCC patient-derived explant models that can be used to further understand the disease and develop mechanism-based anti-cancer drugs for treatment of HCC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2412. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2412
The Puss Caterpillar, Alias Woolly Slug
Authors: Campbell W. McMillan, William R. Purcell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

AMONG both physicians and the lay public a vague, if not specified, awareness of the harmful effects of caterpillars probably exists. In this connection, and with summer and its varied fauna at hand, it seems appropriate to point out that caterpillars of more than 50 species possess irritative hairs.1 Depending on the species, the effects of the hairs range from a local dermatitis to an alarming, if not frankly dangerous, disorder with systemic signs and symptoms.The most notorious of the alarm-producing caterpillars is the so-called puss caterpillar (Megalopyge opercularis), usually called "woolly slug" in North Carolina and . . .
The elderly mentally ill--whose responsibility?
Authors: P Pasker, J P Thomas, J S Ashley
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The elderly mentally ill make considerable demands on health and social services. To evaluate the need for these services a one-day census of all people aged 65 and over was carried out in an area containing 220 000 people (40 000 over 65). Data were obtained on the nursing needs and psychiatric state of the 2162 elderly people in hospital or local authority residential homes for the elderly, or living at home receiving care from the community nursing service. One-third were classified as having psychiatric problems, more than half of them being outside hospital. Residential homes and community nurses play a significant part in caring for the elderly mentally ill, and an integrated but flexible manpower policy is important.
Hepatic function in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: A C Robinson, M Teeling, E B Casey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Values for alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and the prevalence of their elevation was significantly higher in 35 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) than in 35 age and sex matched controls. The abnormal enzyme levels appeared to reflect a non-specific reaction to inflammation and could thus aid in assessment of disease status.
Regional differences in the in vivo synthesis and degradation of myosin subunits in rabbit ventricular myocardium.
Authors: A M Samarel
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

To test for regional differences in the rates of synthesis and degradation of contractile proteins during normal physiological growth of the heart in vivo, fractional rates of protein accumulation and synthesis were assessed for total protein, myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain, phosphorylatable myosin light chain, and actin in the right and left ventricular free walls of growing, New Zealand White rabbits. Fractional rates of protein accumulation were determined from regional protein content growth curves of total and individual myofibrillar proteins measured in 82 animals ranging from 1 day to 9 weeks of age. In vivo right and left ventricular fractional rates of protein synthesis were determined by the [3H]leucine constant infusion method in 9-week-old rabbits. At this age, right and left ventricular fractional accumulation rates for total protein, myosin subunits, and actin were found to be identical, thus allowing for the comparison of the effect of regional hemodynamic load on protein degradation independent of its effect on growth. Total protein and individual myofibrillar protein fractional degradative rates were then derived as the difference between fractional rates of synthesis and accumulation. The results indicate increased fractional synthesis and degradation of myosin heavy chain and light chains, but not actin, in the left compared to the right ventricular free wall. Accelerated left ventricular replacement of myosin subunits may be related to regional differences in hemodynamic load. These results help explain the apparent increase in the in vivo rate of myocardial protein degradation observed in several experimental models of ventricular hypertrophy.
Whole-Genome Profiling in Liposarcomas Reveals Genetic Alterations Common to Specific Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms
Authors: Jay E. Johnson, Edward J. Gettings, Jaclyn Schwalm, Jianming Pei, Joseph R. Testa, Samuel Litwin, Margaret von Mehren, Dominique Broccoli
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Telomere attrition ultimately leads to the activation of protective cellular responses, such as apoptosis or senescence. Impairment of such mechanisms can allow continued proliferation despite the presence of dysfunctional telomeres. Under such conditions, high levels of genome instability are often engendered. Data from both mouse and human model systems indicate that a period of genome instability might facilitate tumorigenesis. Here, we use a liposarcoma model system to assay telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM)-specific genetic alterations. A multiassay approach was used to assess the TMMs active in tumors. Genomic DNA from these samples was then analyzed by high-resolution DNA mapping array to identify genetic alterations. Our data reveal a higher level of genome instability in alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT)-positive tumors compared with telomerase-positive tumors, whereas tumors lacking both mechanisms have relatively low levels of genome instability. The bulk of the genetic changes are amplifications, regardless of the mode of telomere maintenance used. We also identified genetic changes specific to the ALT mechanism (e.g., deletion of chromosome 1q32.2-q44) as well as changes that are underrepresented among ALT-positive tumors, such as amplification of chromosome 12q14.3-q21.2. Taken together, these studies provide insight into the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of ALT and reveal several loci that might be exploited either as prognostic markers or targets of chemotherapeutic intervention.
Comparaison de la rentabilité diagnostique des systèmes de vidéocapsule endoscopique Given Pilcam SB2 et Intromedics Mirocam dans l'exploration des saignements digestifs inexpliqués: étude multicentrique randomisée sur 78 patients
Authors: M Pioche, JL Gaudin, J Edery, P Jacob, H Lamouliatte, B Filoche, M Gaudric, PN d'Halluin, C Cellier, JC Saurin
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: La vidéo capsule endoscopique est désormais l'examen de première intention dans le bilan étiologique des saignements digestifs inexpliqués. La capsule Mirocam®, qui utilise un nouveau mode de propagation des informations (electric field propagation) a montré son efficacité et sa sécurité d'emploi dans une étude prospective [1]. Le but de notre étude était d'utiliser ces deux systèmes de vidéocapsule endoscopique sur un même patient avec comme objectif principal de comparer leur rentabilité diagnostique.
Systemic Abnormalities and the Intracellular Site of Infections of the Stratum Corneum
Authors: Leopoldo F. Montes
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In superficial infections, microbiologic studies have helped to more clearly define some of the causative agents and clinical investigations have demonstrated the association of systemic abnormalities. Ultrastructural studies of the host-parasite relationship have revealed the intracellular nature of the disease process. The presence of microorganisms within host cells suggests (1) epithelial tissues may lack an adequate immunologic mechanism to account for their inability to combat the invasion; and (2) no systemic antimicrobial treatment would be completely successful unless the organisms are effectively attacked at the intracellular level.
Estimation of safe doses: critical review of the hockey stick regression method.
Authors: T Yanagimoto, E Yamamoto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The hockey stick regression method is a convenient method to estimate safe doses, which is a kind of regression method using segmented lines. The method seems intuitively to be useful, but needs the assumption of the existence of the positive threshold value. The validity of the assumption is considered to be difficult to be shown. The alternative methods which are not based on the assumption, are given under suitable dose-response curves by introducing a risk level. Here the method using the probit model is compared with the hockey stick regression method. Computational results suggest that the alternative method is preferable. Furthermore similar problems in the case that response is measured as a continuous value are also extended. Data exemplified are concerned with relations of SO2 to simple chronic bronchitis, relations of photochemical oxidants to eye discomfort and residual antibiotics in the lever of the chicks. These data was analyzed by the original authors under the assumption of the existence of the positive threshold values.
Changes in Working Status of Patients Following Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Glenda K. Barnes
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Coronary artery bypass surgery has gained a major role in the management of ischemic heart disease. Relief of symptoms is often the primary goal for these surgical procedures while other effects relating to rehabilitation of such patients have been neglected. To determine change in work status as a result of operation, job status and hours worked before and after surgery were analyzed in 350 patients who had coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. Overall, there was no improvement in return to work or hours worked after surgery. Hours worked before surgery, relief of symptoms, severity of disease, number of bypass grafts placed, and level of education all related substantially to a change in work capacity. It appears that if the potential for enhanced productivity is to be realized, rehabilitative measures must be intensified following coronary artery surgery.
Experts call for more safe sex education as gonorrhoea cases rise by a quarter in England
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In England last year there was a 2% rise in the number of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) diagnosed, reversing the small decline observed in 2010, according to figures from the Health Protection Agency.

The greatest increase has been in new infections of gonorrhoea, which rose by 25% (from 16 835 in 2010 to 20 965 in 2011), followed by a 10% rise in new cases of syphilis (from 2650 to 2915), and a 5% rise in new cases of herpes (29 794 to 31 154). 

There were 426 867 new diagnoses of STIs in 2011, up from 419 773 in 2010. The highest rise was among men who have sex with men. Among heterosexuals, rates remained highest among young adults aged 15 to 24 years.

Gwenda Hughes, head of STI surveillance at the agency, said: “We anticipated some increase in diagnoses due to improvements in testing in recent years, but not on the scale seen here.”

She told …
Lipoprotein(a) Concentration Shows Little Relationship to IDDM Complications in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study Cohort
Authors: Raelene E Maser, David Usher, Dorothy J Becker, Allan L Drash, Lewis H Kuller, Trevor J Orchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To examine the potential associations of lipoprotein(a) and the complications of IDDM and their risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This report focuses on 186 individuals with IDDM (mean age = 34 yr) participating in a 10-yr prospective study examining various complications. Lp(a) concentrations were evaluated for those with and without complications. RESULTS A weak correlation was seen between Lp(a) and HbAj (r = 0.16, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Lp(a) concentrations were not significantly different for those with or without proliferative retinopathy, overt nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease, or definite myocardial infarction or angina. However, an inverse association (P &amp;lt; 0.05) was seen with distal symmetric polyneuropathy. These results were also confirmed by categorical analyses (i.e., Lp(a) levels &amp;lt;30 vs. &amp;gt;30 mg/dl). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that any association of Lp(a) concentration with IDDM complications is likely to be weak or nonexistent. However, prospective studies are needed before its full role can be determined.
Effect of Nonpayment for Preventable Infections in U.S. Hospitals
Authors: Grace M. Lee, Ken Kleinman, Stephen B. Soumerai, Alison Tse, David Cole, Scott K. Fridkin, Teresa Horan, Richard Platt, Charlene Gay, William Kassler, Donald A. Goldmann, John Jernigan, Ashish K. Jha
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In October 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) discontinued additional payments for certain hospital-acquired conditions that were deemed preventable. The effect of this policy on rates of health care–associated infections is unknown.
Absence of ZAP-70 prevents signaling through the antigen receptor on peripheral blood T cells but not on thymocytes.
Authors: E W Gelfand, K Weinberg, B D Mazer, T A Kadlecek, A Weiss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Recently, a severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome with a deficiency of CD8+ peripheral T cells and a TCR signal transduction defect in peripheral CD4+ T cells was associated with mutations in ZAP-70. Since TCR signaling is required in developmental decisions resulting in mature CD4 (and CD8) T cells, the presence of peripheral CD4+ T cells expressing TCRs incapable of signaling in these patients is paradoxical. Here, we show that the TCRs on thymocytes, but not peripheral T cells, from a ZAP-70-deficient patient are capable of signaling. Moreover, the TCR on a thymocyte line derived from this patient can signal, and the homologous kinase Syk is present at high levels and is tyrosine phosphorylated after TCR stimulation. Thus, Syk may compensate for the loss of ZAP-70 and account for the thymic selection of at least a subset of T cells (CD4+) in ZAP-70-deficient patients.
Hemodialysis of Acute Renal Failure Following Rattlesnake Bite, with Recovery
Authors: Lamont E. Danzig
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE LITERATURE fails to reveal a case of acute renal insufficiency secondary to rattlesnake bite which has been dialyzed.<sup>1</sup>The following is such a case report. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 11-year-old white male was bitten by a rattlesnake on July 14, 1959, and was seen one-half hour later by a physician, who found the boy to be in circulatory collapse with an unobtainable blood pressure. The boy was given intravenous corticosteroids, with a prompt response in blood pressure. About one and one-half hours later, he arrived at another hospital in this city and at that time was unconscious, convulsive, and without an obtainable blood pressure. He was given antivenom and more corticosteroids intravenously. Shortly afterward his blood pressure was recorded at 95/65 mm. Hg, and he regained consciousness. Physical examination revealed two fang marks on the dorsum of the right foot about 1 in. apart, with local
Distributed Lag Analyses of Daily Hospital Admissions and Source-Apportioned Fine Particle Air Pollution
Authors: Ramona Lall, Kazuhiko Ito, George D. Thurston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Past time-series studies of the health effects of fine particulate matter [aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5)] have used chemically nonspecific PM2.5 mass. However, PM2.5 is known to vary in chemical composition with source, and health impacts may vary accordingly.We tested the association between source-specific daily PM2.5 mass and hospital admissions in a time-series investigation that considered both single-lag and distributed-lag models.Daily PM2.5 speciation measurements collected in midtown Manhattan were analyzed via positive matrix factorization source apportionment. Daily and distributed-lag generalized linear models of Medicare respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions during 2001-2002 considered PM2.5 mass and PM2.5 from five sources: transported sulfate, residual oil, traffic, steel metal works, and soil.Source-related PM2.5 (specifically steel and traffic) was significantly associated with hospital admissions but not with total PM2.5 mass. Steel metal works-related PM2.5 was associated with respiratory admissions for multiple-lag days, especially during the cleanup efforts at the World Trade Center. Traffic-related PM2.5 was consistently associated with same-day cardiovascular admissions across disease-specific subcategories. PM2.5 constituents associated with each source (e.g., elemental carbon with traffic) were likewise associated with admissions in a consistent manner. Mean effects of distributed-lag models were significantly greater than were maximum single-day effect models for both steel- and traffic-related PM2.5.Past analyses that have considered only PM2.5 mass or only maximum single-day lag effects have likely underestimated PM2.5 health effects by not considering source-specific and distributed-lag effects. Differing lag structures and disease specificity observed for steel-related versus traffic-related PM2.5 raise the possibility of distinct mechanistic pathways of health effects for particles of differing chemical composition.
A multi-purpose coronary cannula
Authors: S. AFONSO, G. G. ROWE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Journal Article A multi-purpose coronary cannula Get access SKODA AFONSO, SKODA AFONSO From the Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GEORGE G. ROWE GEORGE G. ROWE From the Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 7, Issue 1, January 1973, Pages 145–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/7.1.145 Published: 01 January 1973
Vascular Deposits of Immunoglobulin and Complement in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
Authors: John N. Whitaker, W. King Engel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

By a direct immunofluorescent technic granular deposits of IgG, IgM and C3, alone or in combination, were found in skeletal-muscle blood-vessel walls of 17 of 39 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. There was an especially high rate (nine of 11) in childhood dermatomyositis. In 142 other patients comprising the control group, only nine, most with disorders known to involve the immune system, had intramuscular vascular deposits of IgG or IgM. Deposition of immunoglobulin and C3 in structurally abnormal muscle fibers was found in a wide variety of diseases. A vascular abnormality mediated through deposits of immunoglobulin and C3, possibly in the form of immune complexes, is hypothesized as one of the mechanisms of muscle injury in certain cases of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, particularly in dermatomyositis of children.