tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical signs of sexual abuse in children.
Authors: R Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Roberts, while worried about many of the same issues, fears that the reforms may "depoliticise" and therefore weaken the NHS: "The fact that the government takes a position at all is exactly what makes medicine in the United Kingdom so different from that in America.The United States government avoids dealing with medical care as much as possible, recognising that whatever policies are instituted some major constituency will be offended... in the last presidential election neither George Bush nor Michael Dukakis offered a specific statement on health care....The great gap is not between Americanisation and socialised medicine.It is between a system run by business versus one run by politics, by the standards of the market versus those of public discourse."6As someone who has spent about a quarter of a century in each country, I would find it hard to disagree.
Pharmacodynamic interaction of naproxen with low-dose aspirin in healthy subjects
Authors: Marta L. Capone, Maria G. Sciulli, Stefania Tacconelli, Marilena Grana, Emanuela Ricciotti, Giulia Renda, Patrizia Di Gregorio, Gabriele Merciaro, Paola Patrignani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Remarks on Inversion of the Uterus
Authors: L. Atthill
Journal: BMJ (1879)

INVERSION of the uterus is of unfrequent occurrence, and probably for this reason the subject has not until recently attracted as much atten- tion as its importance demands, for inversion of the uterus involves re- sults of the greatest gravity, often endangering life itself; moreover, when it has become chronic, it has been looked on by the majority of writers as being almost an incurable affection, an opinion which recent experience proves to be erroneous.I have succeeded in replacing the fundus in a case in which the inversion had occurred many months pre- viously; while in America great success has attended treatment similar
Contributions of new hepatocyte lineages to liver growth, maintenance, and regeneration in mice
Authors: Sonya V. Iverson, Kristin M. Comstock, Jean A. Kundert, Edward E. Schmidt
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

The contributions that de novo differentiation of new hepatocyte lineages makes to normal liver physiology are unknown. In this study, a system that uniquely marks cells during a finite period following primary activation of a serum albumin gene promoter/enhancer-driven Cre recombinase (albCre) transgene was used to investigate birthrates of new hepatocyte lineages from albumin (Alb)-naive precursors in mice. Elapsed time was measured with a two-color fluorescent marker gene that converts from expressing tandem dimer Tomato (tdT; a red fluorescent protein) to expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) following primary exposure to Cre. The accumulation of GFP and the decay of tdT each contributed to a regular fluorescence transition, which was calibrated in vivo. In normal adults, this system revealed that a steady-state level of 0.076% of all hepatocytes had differentiated within the previous 4 days from albCre-naive cell lineages. In comparison with resting adult livers, the relative abundance of these newborn hepatocytes was elevated 3.7-fold in the growing livers of juveniles and 8.6-fold during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in adults.Newborn hepatocyte lineages arising from Alb-naive cells contribute to liver maintenance under normal conditions. Hepatocyte lineage birthrates can vary in response to the liver's physiological status.
Abstract 4242: TRP53 DELETION INDUCES PROLONGED SURVIVAL OF BIPOTENT LIVER STEM CELLS AND THE EVOLUTION OF BI-DIFFERENTIATED HCC/CC
Authors: André Lechel, Sarah-Fee Katz, Yvonne Begus-Nahrmann, Daniel Hartmann, Peter Schirmacher, K. Lenhard Rudolph
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Defects in the p53-signaling checkpoint have been described in 30-60% of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and are associated with less differentiated tumors and poor prognosis. The contribution of p53 deletion by itself to hepatocarcinogenesis is not known. Furthermore it is not clear, if liver stem cells play a role in the onset of liver tumor formation. Methods: We generated mice with liver specific TRP53 deletion (TRP53−/−) by crossing conditional TRP53 KO mice with AlfpCRE transgenic mice (CRE expression under the albumin-alphafetoprotein-enhancer-promoter). In vitro cultures were established from the developing liver tumors and analyzed for potential tumor stem cells using xenotransplantation. Endogenous liver stem/progenitor cells were analysed using FACS purification and in vitro culturing of purified liver stem cells (CD13+CD133+CD49f+). Results: Mice with liver specific TRP53 deletion developed liver tumors with a mixed differentiation (hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma). Purification and xenotransplantation of subpopulations of tumor cells from primary tumor cell cultures (using following surface marker: CD13, CD90, CD133, or cKit) revealed no differences in tumor forming capacity in NMRI nu/nu mice. Moreover, tumor formation was seen after xenotransplantation of very small tumor cell numbers (2-cells) indicating that the tumors have an inherent high tumor forming capacity. An analysis of the colony formation capacity of endogenous liver stem/progenitor cells revealed a prolonged survival of bipotent liver stem cells in aged TRP53−/− mice compared to TRP53+/− or TRP53+/+ mice. The last two groups showed a complete loss of bipotent liver stem cells by 8 month of age, whereas bipotent liver stem cells were detected with a frequency of 0,4% in liver of 8-10 month old TRP53−/− mice. Conclusion: This study provides the first experimental evidence that TRP53 deletion leads to a prolonged survival of bipotent liver stem cells and the formation of bi-differentiated liver tumors. These data indicate that the p53-dependent tumor suppressor functions include the restriction of proliferation and survival of bipotent stem cells in the liver. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4242.
Radionuclide Measurement of Bladder Emptying Rate Simultaneous Comparison with Urinary Flow Rate Obtained by Uroflowmetry
Authors: DAVID GROSHAR, EDWARD S. KORITNY, OSCAR M. EMBON, ALEJANDRO SAZBON, ALEX FRENKEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Mean and peak bladder emptying rates were measured by a radionuclide method using a gamma camera and Tc-99m DTPA and were compared with average and maximum urinary flow rates obtained by a uroflowmeter in 24 simultaneous measurements. A good correlation was found between the two methods. Average urinary flow rate correlates better with mean bladder emptying rate (r = 0.96, y = 1.04X+0.14, s.e.e. = 1.2) than maximum urinary flow rate with peak bladder emptying rate (r = 0.83, y = 0.78X+4.5, s.e.e. = 4.2). The results suggest that the radionuclide method can be used to measure the urinary flow rate, and has the advantage of establishing the postvoid residual urine.
Competing risks of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetic patients
Authors: Yasuharu Takeda, Yasushi Sakata, Toshiaki Mano, Tomohito Ohtani, Daisuke Kamimura, Shunsuke Tamaki, Yosuke Omori, Yasumasa Tsukamoto, Yoshihiro Aizawa, Issei Komuro, Kazuhiro Yamamoto
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Local Staging of Primary Gastric Lymphoma
Authors: L. Palazzo, G. Roseau, A. Ruskone-Fourmestraux, Ph. Rougier, S. Chaussade, J.-C. Rambaud, D. Couturier, J.-A. Paolaggi
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and endoscopy were prospectively performed and compared to the histopathologic findings of the resection specimens in 24 patients with primary gastric lymphoma (PGL). On EUS, three types of PGL could be differentiated, a superficial type (n = 10), an infiltrating type (n = 12) and a tumorous type (n = 2). In the correct assessment of surface extension of the tumors, endoscopy and EUS agreed in 37,5 % of cases and EUS showed more extensive disease than endoscopy in 58 % of cases. However, in comparison to the resection specimens, EUS still underestimated the tumor surface extension in 37.5 % of cases; this was mainly in low grade malignant PGL. The depth of tumor infiltration was correctly determined on EUS compared to the resection specimens in 91.5 % of cases. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosing lymph node metastases were 100 %, 80 % and 83 %, respectively. We conclude that EUS is a useful pre-therapeutic staging tool for primary gastric lymphoma but there remain some problems in determining the longitudinal and circular tumor spread in order to accurately guide the extent of gastric resection.
Elevated lipoprotein(a) and premature coronary heart disease
Authors: W. B. Parsons
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Dr Bostom and colleagues 1 have convincingly shown that elevated plasma Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic disease, equal in power to elevated LDL or reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, according to guidelines set forth by the National Cholesterol Education Program. 2 Clinicians are asking,  is the practical importance? What can I do for my patients? At least 1 news release said that nothing can be done to reduce Lp(a), which is incorrect.  The only therapeutic measure that reduces Lp(a) is niacin. 3 This is only 1 of several distinctive advantages of niacin not shared by diet or any other drug in current use. These include reducing total and LDL cholesterol levels, increasing HDL cholesterol levels, reducing triglyceride levels, and decreasing the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, total mortality, cardiovascular surgery, cardiovascular hospitalization, and all hospitalization. 4 Add to this the fact that niacin converts small
Inhibition of mouse mammary tumor virus-induced T cell responses in vivo by antibodies to an open reading frame protein.
Authors: H Acha-Orbea, L Scarpellino, A N Shakhov, W Held, H R MacDonald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Minor lymphocyte stimulating (Mls) antigens specifically stimulate T cell responses that are restricted to particular T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain variable domains. The Mls phenotype is genetically controlled by an open reading frame (orf) located in the 3' long terminal repeat of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV); however, the mechanism of action of the orf gene product is unknown. Whereas predicted orf amino acid sequences show strong overall homology, the 20-30 COOH-terminal residues are strikingly polymorphic. This polymorphic region correlates with TCR V beta specificity. We have generated monoclonal antibodies to a synthetic peptide encompassing the 19 COOH-terminal amino acid residues of Mtv-7 orf, which encodes the Mls-1a determinant. We show here that these antibodies block Mls responses in vitro and can interfere specifically with thymic clonal deletion of Mls-1a reactive V beta 6+ T cells in neonatal mice. Furthermore, the antibodies can inhibit V beta 6+ T cell responses in vivo to an infectious MMTV that shares orf sequence homology and TCR specificity with Mtv-7. These results confirm the predicted extracellular localization of the orf COOH terminus and imply that the orf proteins of both endogenous and exogenous MMTV interact directly with TCR V beta.
Does exercise alter anaerobic threshold in coronary artery disease during beta blockade?
Authors: S N Koyal, R J Stuart, R Lundstrom, V Thomas, M H Ellestad
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

The effect of propranolol on cardiac patients undergoing exercise training is reported to increase exercise tolerance and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) but its effect on anaerobic threshold (AT) is unknown. It was the purpose of this study to determine the role of exercise training with propranolol on AT in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Eight men and one woman with significant (CAD) were selected for this study. Each patient completed a maximum treadmill stress test (MTST) following the Bruce protocol on propranolol 40-160 mg/day as a control study. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured at rest and at each stage of the treadmill test. These patients underwent an exercise training programme for 12-16 weeks on the same dose of propranolol. Training sessions were for a minimum of 30-40 minutes, 3 times a week, with training heart rate of 75%-85% of the pretraining peak heart rate. Training heart rate ranged from 98 to 128 beats/min. They were retested with a MTST after the training programme, on the same dose of propranolol. AT was calculated noninvasively by measuring respiratory variables every 30 seconds in relation to work increment. AT was identified by measuring the time course of VE, VCO2, VE/VO2, etc. in relation to incremental work. The mean values of VO2, O2P and % VO2 max at AT before and after training on propanolol were as follows: VO2 = 1.43 L/min +/- .25 and 1.86 L/min +/- .44, O2P = 14.35 +/- 2.40 and 18.73 +/- 4.00 ml/beat, % of VO2 max = 68.20 +/- 6.31 and 73.59 +/- 5.84. The mean changes of VO2 O2P, and % of VO2 max were + 0.43 L/min +/- 0.20 (P < .003), + 4.38 +/- 2.55 (P < .003) and +/- 5.07% +/- 4.84 (P < .001). After exercise training on propanolol, the mean peak exercise tolerance time and absolute VO2 max increased by 2.8 min (from 9.0 to 11.8 min) (P < .001) and 22.7% (P < .007), respectively. We conclude that the increase in anaerobic threshold in patients with coronary artery disease may be due to improvement in VO2 max, increased stroke volume, and peripheral O2 extraction.
Agonistic 4-1bb antibodies in combination with inhibitory antibodies against CTLA-4, PD-L1 or LAG-3 ACT on CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment and synergize to promote regression of established tumors
Authors: Brendan Horton, Stefani Spranger, Jason Williams, Thomas Gajewski
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Tumors can be placed into two categories: those that are T cell-inflamed and those that are not, based on specific chemokine and type I interferon gene expression signatures and CD8+ tumor infiltrating T cells (TIL). That these immune-inflamed tumors are not destroyed by the CD8+
EARLY TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTURE OF THE LONG BONES OF THE EXTREMITIES
Authors: B. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1917)

MEDICAL JORNAL formed ini the lower part of the comnmon carotid, wvhicli was treated expectantly for some days, but the rapid daily enlarge- ment conmpelled operation on the fourteenth dav.By this time the aneuirysm had attained the size of an orangle, filling up the interval between the clavicle and the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, extending across to the line of the common carotid of the left side and overhanging the subelavian on the right.Its approximate measuremenits were 44 in. in breadth by 4 in. in height.Hoarseness developed in the later days, pointing to pressure on the recurrent laryngeal nerve.The respirations were 24; the temperatture varied from 1000 to 101.80, and the pulse from 100 to 112.Both entrance and exit wounds suppturated moderatel.y. Operation.The artery was exposed by a rectangular incision in the mid- line and along the clavicle.After detachment of the sternal head and part of the clavicular head of the sterno-nastoid and partial division of the sterno-hyoid and sterno-thylroid muscles, it was founcd that no space wvas available between the clavicle and the aneurysm.Thlerefore, one and a quarter inches of the inner end of this bone were resected.The apex of the lung, with its uninjured pleura, appeared in the dissection.The inferior thyroid veins and the larger veins were retracted without damage; in fact, no artery or, veini was clipped or ligatured throughout the operation.The inlnominate artery was fouind behinid the middle of the manubrium, and in tracing it, upward it became apparent that the common carotid was so incorporated in the aneurysm that the placing of a ligature
Validation of Myocardial Acceleration During Isovolumic Contraction as a Novel Noninvasive Index of Right Ventricular Contractility
Authors: Michael Vogel, Michael R. Schmidt, Steen B. Kristiansen, Michael Cheung, Paul A. White, Keld Sorensen, Andrew N. Redington
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— We have demonstrated that myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction (IVA) is a sensitive index of left ventricular contractile function. In this study, we assessed the utility of IVA to measure right ventricular (RV) contractile function. Methods and Results— We examined 8 pigs by using tissue Doppler imaging of the RV free wall and simultaneous measurements of intraventricular pressure, volume, maximal elastance (e max ), preload recruitable stroke work, and dP/dt max by conductance catheterization. Animals were paced in the right atrium at a rate of 130 beats per minute (bpm). IVA was compared with elastance during contractility modulation by esmolol and dobutamine and during preload reduction and afterload increase by transient balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava and pulmonary artery, respectively. Data were also obtained during incremental atrial pacing from 110 to 210 bpm. Esmolol led to a decrease in IVA and dP/dt max . During dobutamine infusion, IVA, dP/dt max , preload recruitable stroke work, and e max all increased significantly. During preload reduction and afterload increase, IVA remained constant up to a reduction of RV volume by 54% and an RV systolic pressure increase of 58%. Pacing up to a rate of 190 bpm led to a stepwise increase in IVA and dP/dt max , with a subsequent fall at a pacing rate of 210 bpm. Conclusions— IVA is a measurement of RV contractile function that is unaffected by preload and afterload changes in a physiological range and is able to measure the force-frequency relation. This novel index may be ideally suited to the assessment of acute changes of RV function in clinical studies.
A STUDY OF THE RELIABILITY OF THE MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
Authors: N. ROSENZWEIG, S. G. VANDENBERG, K. MOORE, A. DUKAY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

A mental status rating was developed incorporating two major scoring techniques: the linear scale; and categorical judgements on yes-no or multiple choices. Using this form, 50 chronic hospitalized patients (over 2 years in the State Hospital) were evaluated independently but simultaneously by 3 Board-certified psychiatrists, one of whom served as interviewer, and the other two as non-participant observers. The role of interviewer was rotated, each psychiatrist interviewing approximately one-third of the patients. After a 6-week interval, 30 of the patients were re-evaluated by the same psychiatrists, each patient having a different interviewer than before. The obtained agreements on ratings of each item, as well as comparison or ratings of each psychiatrist with himself on first and second interviews (consistency scores), were calculated. The significance of the agreement and consistency scores was evaluated using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r.) for scale items, and by comparing against chance expectations by Chi squared (X2) for categorical items. Several thousand calculations were performed using the IBM 650. The data breakdown was designed to demonstrate the effects upon reliability of differences between interviewers, differences between raters, changes in patients over time, and the limitations of the rating methods.
A FALLACY OF THE REST-CURE TREATMENT
Authors: GEORGE M. GOULD
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Even in this day of enlightenment as regards etiology and pathology, there are thousands, very many thousands, of patients being systematically treated for functional diseases of the body that are due to diseases of the eyes. There are other thousands being treated for organic diseases of the body which originally were caused by ocular diseases. In both cases neither the patient nor the doctor has the remotest suspicion of the ocular origins of the functional and organic abnormalities. Sneering and top-lofty contempt of the specialist "hobby-rider" will not change the facts, nor lessen the hobbyriding. Moreover, the assertion that the patient has been in the hands of an ophthalmologist of good reputation does not in the least lessen the truth for which I contend. Out of perhaps a hundred classes I wish to-day to choose one small class of cases illustrative of the general thesis. This group is composed of
Botulinum Toxin A Versus Placebo for Refractory Detrusor Overactivity in Women: A Randomised Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial of 240 Women (the RELAX Study)
Authors: Douglas G. Tincello, Sara Kenyon, Keith R. Abrams, Christopher Mayne, Philip Toozs-Hobson, David Taylor, Mark Slack
Journal: European Urology (2012)
A New Method of Real-Time Endoscopic Measurement with an Electric Catheter
Authors: T. Wakabayashi, S. Nakazawa, J. Yoshino, K. Yamao, K. Inui
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

A new method for measuring distances using electrically charged jets of water is described, and its precision examined. When combined with endoscopy, this method can be utilized to measured the lengths and areas of objects inside human body cavities. The apparatus used consists of a catheter with three metal needles at the tip, a personal computer, and a commercially available videoendoscopy system. To test the system, a regulated voltage was passed between the catheter tip and a wooden board, and two salt solutions of different concentrations were ejected at three different angles from the catheter to the board. The coordinates of the board were then computed from the amperages of the currents passing through the three jets of saline, and optical distortion was corrected using the computer. The length and area of an object could be measured rapidly by setting electrically the coordinates to match the endoscopic image. Lengths ranging from 10 to 50 mm were measured while varying the distance between catheter tip and board (10, 20, and 30 mm), as well as the angle formed by the catheter and the board (45, 60, and 90 degrees). The mean measurement error was less than 5.6% and accuracy was relatively independent of the angle between catheter and target.
Association of Peripheral Neuritis with "Autoimmune" Disease
Authors: L. Illis
Journal: BMJ (1962)

BmISH 835 pneumonitis, although the data are inadequate for probit analysis of relative potencies.In previous studies (see Florey, 1952), as also in this, penicillin seemed to limit the multiplication of the organisms rather than to destroy them.When the lungs of apparently healthy mice at the end of the period of treatment were examined no lesions could be seen, but when they were homogenized and passed u-ndiluted to untreated mice, the latter died with typical signs of mouse pneumonitis.Only one mouse in the whole series died after cessation of treatment, however, so the mice had clearly developed resistance (presumably mediated by antibody) against the organisms harboured in their lungs.CONCLUSION Mouse pneumonitis, a typical organismn of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group, was more sensitive to ampicillin than to benz'ylpenicillin.Since ampicillin is non-toxic, acid-stable, and suitable for oral admini- stration, it may bo of value in treatment of human infections with organisms of the same group.
Heterotopic Ossification (Myositis Ossificans) in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: WALTER E. DRANE, BRADLEY M. TIPLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A case of heterotopic ossification (myositis ossificans) secondary to the central nervous system complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reported. Because of the overwhelming suspicion of infection in this patient, this diagnosis was not considered until a gallium scan revealed the typical findings of heterotopic ossification. Because of the increasing utilization of gallium imaging in the AIDS population, every imaging specialist should be aware of this potential disorder.