tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus aureus sensitization and allergic disease in early childhood: Population-based birth cohort study
Authors: Aida Semic-Jusufagic, Claus Bachert, Philippe Gevaert, Gabriele Holtappels, Lesley Lowe, Ashley Woodcock, Angela Simpson, Adnan Custovic
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
The Coexistence of Multiple Myeloma With Other Neoplasia
Authors: A. G. Jariwalla
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Journalhas recently created interest on the subject of myeloma and other neoplasia (236:1609, 1612, 1976; 237:1078, 1977). To these we would like to add a case with some unusual features. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 68-year-old man was seen in 1962 with weight loss, lethargy, diarrhea, and edema. He was anemic (hemoglobin level, 3.4 g/dl) and had a tender, hard, irregular colonic mass. Bone marrow histologic examination before blood transfusion showed features of multiple myeloma. The diagnosis was supported by heavy proteinuria and positive Osgood-Haskins test result, although results of protein electrophoresis were normal. Laparotomy was performed, and a large, firm, cecal mass was present with local glandular involvement. These lesions were removed and ileotransversostomy performed. Histologic examination showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cecum. The lymph nodes examined showed extensive changes of reactive hyperplasia, but no secondary deposits were seen. The patient made a
Effects of a selective COX-2 inhibitor (MF-tryciclic) on atherosclerosis progression as well as on mouse cytomegalovirus replication in ApoE knockout mice
Authors: David Rott, Jianhui Zhu, Mary Susan Burnett, None Yi Fu Zhou, Alexandra Ganley, Jibike Ogunmakinwa, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Abstract 4775: PI3K-p110β is required for leukemic transformation and HSC depletion in the absence of Pten
Authors: Haluk Yuzugullu, Lukas Baitsch, Allison Steiner, Linda K. Clayton, Kira Gritsman, Jean J. Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The tumor suppressor PTEN, which antagonizes PI3K signaling, plays critical roles in cell cycle, cell migration and stem cell self-renewal. PTEN is frequently mutated or inactivated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In mice, HSC-specific deletion of Pten leads to myeloproliferative phenotype, transplantable leukemia, and increased cycling of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leading to their depletion. Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, rescues this phenotype. Thus, it is likely that PI3K itself plays an important role in Pten-deficient HSCs and leukemic cells, but the specific contributions of the PI3K isoforms are poorly understood. We demonstrate that genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of PI3K-p110β prevents myeloid neoplasia and prolongs survival. Importantly, p110β ablation rescues HSCs in the bone marrow (BM), and reinstates long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. Moreover, Pten deficiency leads to aberrant expression of Cxcl12 in the BM and spleen, enabling the generation of an alternative splenic niche. Inactivation of p110β rescues retention of HSCs, and perturbs the splenic niche by interfering with the Cxcl12-CXCR4 axis. This suggests that selective inhibition of p110β offers an alternative therapeutic strategy in PTEN deficient leukemias while restoring untransformed HSCs to their proper niche. Citation Format: Haluk Yuzugullu, Lukas Baitsch, Allison Steiner, Linda K. Clayton, Kira Gritsman, Jean J. Zhao. PI3K-p110β is required for leukemic transformation and HSC depletion in the absence of Pten. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4775. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4775
For Biomedical Research, Is Reassurance Enough?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

IN HER FIRST visit to the Bethesda, Md, campus of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in support of her husband's Health Security Act, Hillary Rodham Clinton praised the work of the institutes and assured the biomedical research community that, in the push for health system reform, the role of basic and applied biomedical research has not been forgotten. Indeed, she says, it plays an essential role in that reform.  Without expanded investment in medical research we cannot have a health care system that gives us the kind of health care we want and expect, Mrs Clinton said. The key elements of reform—assurance of quality, prevention of disease, and savings in cost—cannot be achieved without continuing and strengthening research, was her message.  The president believes in the need for continued investment in basic science and biomedical research and training, says Mrs Clinton. It's essential that we preserve the mission of
ALLOANTISERUM-MEDIATED SUPPRESSION OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY-LINKED <i>Ir</i>-GENE-CONTROLLED IMMUNE RESPONSES
Authors: Harry G. Bluestein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Fab, Fc, and F(ab)'2 fragments were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of the IgG fraction of strain 13 antistrain 2 alloantisera. These fragments were not cytotoxic to lymphocytes bearing strain 2 histocompatibility antigens, but the Fab and F(ab)'2 fragments retained functional combining sites as indicated by their ability to suppress the cytotoxicity mediated by the intact antistrain 2 antibodies. The F(ab)'2 fragments were much more efficient as inhibitors in this system than the Fab fragments. F(ab)'2 at 0.06 mg/ml and 0.45 mg/ml Fab produced comparable degrees of suppression. The F(ab)'2 at 0.06 mg/ml completely suppressed DNP copolymer of L-glutamic acid and L-lysine (GL)-stimulated tritiated thymidine incorporation. The monovalent Fab at 0.45 mg/ml, however, had no significant effect on the in vitro responses to DNP-GL. Addition of the intact alloantisera can be delayed 3 h after initiation of the antigen-stimulated cultures with no loss of suppression. After a delay of 6 h 45% suppression was observed. The requirement for the divalent molecule and the observation that effective suppression of the in vitro responses is still obtained when the alloantiserum is added several hours after initiation of the cultures both suggest that the immunosuppression results from an active process affecting the lymphocyte membrane that renders the cell refractory to the antigenic stimulus.
Metastatic Bone Disease
Authors: Norman Helman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In "Distribution Pattern of Metastatic Bone Disease" (237:2504-2506, 1977), there is a misleading item in the results that demands mention: not one case of femoral metastasis in breast carcinoma. Tell that to the unfortunate women who have experienced the dreaded complication of femoral fracture. There must be a lesson to be learned, perhaps that the femur is not scintigraphically involved early in the course of bone metastasis, where in this study there was a mean of only 3.8 lesions per patient. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed 68 consecutive cases of breast cancer with positive bone scintigrams. Fourteen (21%) of these women had a total of 16 femoral lesions, which was 3.8% of all the lesions found. The women without femoral involvement had a mean of 4.2 lesions per patient. The women with femoral involvement had a mean of 13.6 lesions per patient. Clearly femoral involvement is
TRANSMISSION OF IN-VITRO RADIORESISTANCE IN A CANCER-PRONE FAMILY
Authors: N. Torben Bech-Hansen, BrendaM. Sell, BeatriceC. Lampkin, WilliamA. Blattner, ElisabethA. Mckeen, JosephF. Fraumeni, MalcolmC. Paterson
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
Regional work of the human left ventricle calculated by wall stress and the natural logarithm of reciprocal of wall thickness
Authors: Kiyoharu Nakano, Motoaki Sugawara, Tatsuya Kato, Shigetake Sasayama, Blase A. Carabello, Hidetsugu Asanoi, Jun Umemura, Hitoshi Koyanagi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Methods of collecting and evaluating non-clinical cardiac electrophysiology data in the pharmaceutical industry: results of an international survey
Authors: T Hammond
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

To assess current practice in the pharmaceutical industry for assessing the potential for QT interval prolongation by non-cardiovascular medicinal products.The survey was based on responses from the Toxicology and (Safety) Pharmacology laboratories (a total of 74 laboratories) of 54 companies based in Europe, Japan/Asia and the USA, received between January and March 1999.All 54 companies conducted preclinical in vivo electrocardiography (EGG) evaluation of new active substances (NASs). Thirty of these companies also conducted in vitro cardiac electrophysiology studies on their compounds. The majority of in vivo work was done in conscious beagle dogs. There was no consistency within the industry in defining the magnitude of change in QT interval that is considered biologically important. Most companies considered a change greater than 10% to be important, although the design of the studies suggested that group sizes used may not give sufficient statistical power to detect this size of change. Bazett's formula was used by 41% of laboratories to correct QT for changes in heart rate, despite the fact that this formula is generally deemed to be unsuitable for use in dogs. For studies in anaesthetised dogs, the majority of laboratories used barbiturate anaesthesia, but researchers should be aware of the effects of this and some other anaesthetic agents on QT interval. As for in vitro cardiac electrophysiology, there was wide diversity in the testing methodologies, particularly with regard to the test species and tissue type. As with QT prolongation, there was no consensus on the degree of action potential prolongation to cause concern. For both in vitro and in vivo testing, the majority of companies tested a minimum of three dose (or concentration) levels in order to ascertain any dose-response relationship.The survey provides a snapshot of the practice in the industry prior to any internationally-agreed consensus on the most effective and efficient approaches to minimising the risk of QT prolongation by new drugs in man. It must be stated that for any given methodology, the 'majority view' in the industry is not necessarily best practice.
Photoelectric quantitative evaluation of argon laser treatment of port wine stains
Authors: R. A. NEUMANN, R. M. KNOBLER, A. P. LINDMAIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Sixty patients with port wine stains were treated with the argon laser and graded visually into four subjective categories for changes in skin colour. For objective quantitative evaluation a photoelectric colorimeter was used. Reproducible definition of the lightness of the lesions into numbers was obtained. Differentials in lightness between normal contralateral skin and the portwine stain before and after treatment were quantified for each individual. The objective evaluation revealed a statistically significant difference between the four categories (P<0.05). The best clinical therapeutic effect was found to correlate with only 80–90% blanching. The average lightening obtained was 46.5%. Local heating of portwine stains in 12 patients showed no measurable darkening in the colour of the lesions, whereas the normal contralateral skin reacted with marked reddening. Determination of changes in lightness by photoelectric colorimetry provides an objective, quantitative means to evaluate the effects of laser treatment of port wine stains.
Risk in Sickle-Cell Trait
Authors: PAUL HELLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1973Risk in Sickle-Cell TraitPAUL HELLER, M.D.PAUL HELLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-4-613_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am greatly concerned about the possibility that the editorial note, "Sickle-Cell Trait: Benign or Malignant?" (Ann Intern Med77:997-999, 1972), might transmit the message that the sickle-cell trait is definitely a risk to health and perhaps even a risk to life. Anecdotal reports on thrombotic phenomena are quoted in this editorial note without any critical review of the cited papers or at least with the consideration of the possibility that the association may be accidental. The authors speak about "the morbidity and lethality associated with hemoglobin AS" as if an increased morbidity and lethality had actually... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL HELLER, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe risk of sudden death in sickle cell trait: Noninvasive assessment of cardiac response to exercise 1 April 1973Volume 78, Issue 4Page: 613-614KeywordsHemoglobinMorbidity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of Ramipril on Walking Times and Quality of Life Among Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease and Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Anna A. Ahimastos, Philip J. Walker, Christopher Askew, Anthony Leicht, Elise Pappas, Peter Blombery, Christopher M. Reid, Jonathan Golledge, Bronwyn A. Kingwell
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Approximately one-third of patients with peripheral artery disease experience intermittent claudication, with consequent loss of quality of life.To determine the efficacy of ramipril for improving walking ability, patient-perceived walking performance, and quality of life in patients with claudication.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted among 212 patients with peripheral artery disease (mean age, 65.5 [SD, 6.2] years), initiated in May 2008 and completed in August 2011 and conducted at 3 hospitals in Australia.Patients were randomized to receive 10 mg/d of ramipril (n = 106) or matching placebo (n = 106) for 24 weeks.Maximum and pain-free walking times were recorded during a standard treadmill test. The Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) and Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were used to assess walking ability and quality of life, respectively.At 6 months, relative to placebo, ramipril was associated with a 75-second (95% CI, 60-89 seconds) increase in mean pain-free walking time (P < .001) and a 255-second (95% CI, 215-295 seconds) increase in maximum walking time (P < .001). Relative to placebo, ramipril improved the WIQ median distance score by 13.8 (Hodges-Lehmann 95% CI, 12.2-15.5), speed score by 13.3 (95% CI, 11.9-15.2), and stair climbing score by 25.2 (95% CI, 25.1-29.4) (P < .001 for all). The overall SF-36 median Physical Component Summary score improved by 8.2 (Hodges-Lehmann 95% CI, 3.6-11.4; P = .02) in the ramipril group relative to placebo. Ramipril did not affect the overall SF-36 median Mental Component Summary score.Among patients with intermittent claudication, 24-week treatment with ramipril resulted in significant increases in pain-free and maximum treadmill walking times compared with placebo. This was associated with a significant increase in the physical functioning component of the SF-36 score.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00681226.
Developmental changes in membrane Ca2+ and K+ currents in fetal, neonatal, and adult rabbit ventricular myocytes.
Authors: T V Huynh, F Chen, G T Wetzel, W F Friedman, T S Klitzner
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Whole-cell calcium current (ICa) and inwardly rectifying potassium current (IK1) were studied in 21-day fetal, 28-day fetal (total gestation, 31 days), 2-5-day neonatal, and adult rabbit ventricular myocytes isolated by enzymatic dissociation. Whole-cell peak ICa and IK1 at -100 mV increased significantly after birth. Cell size approximated from cell membrane capacitance also increased with age, with the most significant increase occurring after birth. When normalized to cell surface area, peak ICa density increased from day 21 of gestation to the neonate and then increased again from neonate to adult. In all age groups, peak ICa occurred at a test potential of +10 mV, and the shape of the Ca2+ current-voltage relation did not change with age. These findings suggest that there are no significant developmental changes in the voltage dependence of ICa. Therefore, the measured age-related increase in Ca2+ current density may result from increased channel expression. IK1 also exhibited a pattern of increasing current density with age. For IK1, the increase in current density was most rapid between day 21 and the perinatal period and much slower after birth. These results demonstrate that ICa and IK1 undergo significant changes during late fetal and postnatal development.
Trends in the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism during Pregnancy or Postpartum: A 30-Year Population-Based Study
Authors: John A. Heit, Catie E. Kobbervig, Andra H. James, Tanya M. Petterson, Kent R. Bailey, L. Joseph Melton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

The risk for venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or postpartum is uncertain.To estimate the relative and absolute risk for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy and postpartum and to describe trends in incidence.Population-based inception cohort study using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project.Olmsted County, Minnesota.Women with deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism first diagnosed between 1966 and 1995, including women with venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or the postpartum period (defined as delivery of a newborn no more than 3 months before the deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism event date, including delivery of a stillborn infant after the first trimester).The authors obtained yearly counts of live births in Olmsted County between 1966 and 1995 from the Minnesota Department of Health.The relative risk (standardized incidence ratio) for venous thromboembolism among pregnant or postpartum women was 4.29 (95% CI, 3.49 to 5.22;P < 0.001), and the overall incidence of venous thromboembolism (absolute risk) was 199.7 per 100,000 woman-years. The annual incidence was 5 times higher among postpartum women than pregnant women (511.2 vs. 95.8 per 100,000), and the incidence of deep venous thrombosis was 3 times higher than that of pulmonary embolism (151.8 vs. 47.9 per 100,000). Pulmonary embolism was relatively uncommon during pregnancy versus the postpartum period (10.6 vs. 159.7 per 100,000). Over the 30-year study period, the incidence of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy remained relatively constant whereas the postpartum incidence of pulmonary embolism decreased more than 2-fold.Because the Olmsted County population was 98% white and of non-Hispanic ethnicity, the results may not be generalizable to other ethnicities.Among pregnant women, the highest risk period for venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism in particular is during the postpartum period. Any prophylaxis against these events should be particularly targeted to postpartum women. Although the incidence of pulmonary embolism has decreased over time, the incidence of deep venous thrombosis remains unchanged, indicating the need to better identify pregnant women at increased risk.
Conception and congenital abnormalities after chemotherapy for leukaemia.
Authors: P Barkhan, P R Evans
Journal: BMJ (1976)

D-V Strip of nail removed (A) and flaps of nail wall (B) and nail fold (C) reflected to expose segment of germinal matrix (D) to be excised.A simple and logical operation for unilateral embedded toenail was described by Heifetz in 1945.8This consists of removal of a small segment of germinal matrix on the affected side of the nail.No sutures are required and healing occurs within a few days.Mr Palmer and Mr Stevenson imply that their operation can be performed in the presence of sepsis, cutting through inflamed nail wall.A deliberate operation through inflamed tissues is bad surgical practice and sooner or later this will lead to severe exacerbations of infection.In infected cases it is safer to excise a small strip of embedded nail under local anaesthesia four weeks before surgery.This will enable an exact dissection of the portion of germinal matrix to be performed under ideal conditions.
Method of homicide is associated with psychiatric diagnosis
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Whether someone uses a knife, suffocation, kicking and hitting, or poisoning in committing a homicide is associated partly with their history of mental illness and diagnosis, a study has found.

The authors, from Manchester University, conclude: “Strategies to reduce homicide in the mentally disordered population will therefore need to reflect these differences.”

Part of the national confidential inquiry into suicide and homicide by people with mental illness, the study looked at methods of homicide and psychiatric diagnoses in all people convicted of murder, manslaughter, and infanticide in …
NASAL DOUCHE CUP.
Authors: W. J. EVANS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

This cup has been designed to meet the demand for an instrument for washing out the nasal cavity, which could be used without fear of injury to the breathing passages, or forcing of fluid into the Eustachian tubes. It admits of the natural method of cleansing the nose. The fluid is placed in the cup, the higher curve of the rim being adjusted beneath the nostrils. The cup is tilted until the liquid enters the nostrils, then, closing the mouth, a slight drawing in of the breath causes the solution to enter the nose and naso-pharynx, thus bringing it in contact with all parts of the nasal mucous membrane. The solution may be allowed to pass to the back of the throat, and be expelled through the mouth. If it is desired to douche one nostril at a time, this may be easily accomplished by alternately pressing the elevated rim
Retroperitoneal Extraadrenal Myelolipoma: Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid Scintigraphy and CT Imaging
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Myelolipoma is a rare hormonally inactive, benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic cells. It frequently involves the adrenal gland but could be located away from this organ in the thorax, retroperitoneum, or presacral region. The extraadrenal lesion may simulate other fat-containing benign or malignant lesions on cross-sectional imaging. The author presents a case of a large left retroperitoneal mass with positive technetium-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphic uptake and histologic evidence of extraadrenal myelolipoma.