tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sociopsychiatric Treatment of Alcoholism in an Urban Ghetto
Authors: SHELDON ZIMBERG, HENRY LIPSCOMB, ELIZABETH B. DAVIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

A day care program at the Harlem Hospital Center alcoholism unit provided an alcohol-free environment and an opportunity for patients to socialize and develop interpersonal skills as well as to deal with their low selfesteem through the use of group therapy, Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, remedial instruction, and occupational therapy. Recovered alcoholics were employed as staff members and proved to be very effective. A study after one year showed that 55 percent of the patients had been able to achieve significant involvement in the program and about one-third had gone on to employment or training.
Effect of Methylprednisolone on Renal Function and the Zonal Distribution of Blood Flow in the Rat
Authors: Lidia deBermudez, John P. Hayslett
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The effect of acute and chronic administration of methylprednisolone on renal function was studied in rats with clearance and micropuncture techniques. Although acute administration did not influence renal function, chronic administration for 4 days caused a marked increase in glomerular filtration rate and PAH clearance. The rise in the reabsorption of sodium under these conditions was associated with a disproportionate increase in filtration rate and renal blood flow in deep portions of the cortex. There was no evidence of altered fractional sodium reabsorption in the proximal segment of surface nephrons by micropuncture analysis or in the ascending limb by clearance studies during a water or a solute diuresis.
Abstract P3-09-06: microRNA Signature of Columnar Cell Hyperplasia from Patients with High Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: S Nilsson, G Landberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Columnar cell hyperplasia (CCH) is considered to originate in normal terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) and is potentially the first histologically identifiable alteration in the development of breast cancer. In order to detect early pathological changes in breast tissue, which could reveal the underlying mechanism to cancer progression, we investigated the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in TDLUs and CCH. Material and Methods: Epithelial cells and surrounding stroma of TDLUs and CCH from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE) from patients with high risk of developing breast cancer were laser capture microdissected and RNA was extracted. MiRNA expression profiles were obtained using a qRT-PCR-based array analyzing 667 human miRNAs. Results: Increased levels of ERα were present in the epithelial cells of CCH as previously reported. Immunohistochemical staining for the stromal activation marker smooth muscle actin (SMA) was negative in fibroblasts surrounding both TDLUs and CCH, suggesting lack of major activation of the stroma. Interestingly, array analysis revealed changes in miRNA expression pattern in both epithelial and stromal compartments. Correlation analyses of the array results indicated a high reproducibility (r2:0.82-0.94) supporting stable miRNA profiles in TDLUa and CCH. MiRNA array analysis of paired samples from specimens with both TDLUs and CCH resulted in significant (P&amp;lt;0.05) decreased levels of 15 miRNAs in epithelial cells of CCH and downregulation of 18 miRNAs in the stroma. Examples of altered miRNAs in the epithelial cells are miR-532-3p, miR-886-3p, let-7c, miR-491-5p, miR-365, and example miRNAs in the stroma are miR-195, miR-99a, miR-224, miR-19b, miR-423-5p. Further validation of a selection of miRNAs in a patient material using in situ hybridization is currently being performed to verify the array results. Discussion: This data will potentially link these miRNAs to the development of TDLUs towards CCH and possibly lead to the discovery of new markers for precancerous conditions and potentially new therapeutic targets. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-06.
The receptor TREML4 amplifies TLR7-mediated signaling during antiviral responses and autoimmunity
Authors: Zaida G. Ramirez-Ortiz, Amit Prasad, Jason W. Griffith, William Franklin Pendergraft, Glenn S. Cowley, David E. Root, Melissa Tai, Andrew D. Luster, Joseph El Khoury, Nir Hacohen, Terry K. Means
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Acquisition of Antibody to Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus in Patients with Classic Hemophilia (Factor VIII Deficiency)
Authors: Michael Marcel Lederman, O. D. Ratnoff, B. L. Evatt, J. S. McDougal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Antibody to lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) was assayed in 461 serum and plasma samples that had been obtained from 149 patients with classic hemophilia and 64 controls and stored for periods as long as 18 years. No control or patient samples obtained before 1980 contained antibody to this retrovirus. The prevalence of antibody to LAV in the patient samples rose from 15% (2 of 13) in 1980 to 62% (18 of 29) in 1984. During this time, none of 8 untreated hemophiliacs and none of 26 hemophiliacs treated solely with cryoprecipitates had antibody to LAV. In contrast, the prevalence of antibody to LAV among hemophiliacs treated with lyophilized antihemophilic factor rose from 25% (2 of 8) in 1980 to 78% (18 of 23) in 1984. These seropositive hemophiliacs had fewer OKT4 helper cells and lower proliferative responses to mitogen than similarly treated seronegative patients. Treatment with locally prepared cryoprecipitates was not associated with serologic evidence of virus exposure.
A Plea for Pragmatism in Clinical Research Ethics
Authors: David H. Brendel, Franklin G. Miller
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Pragmatism is a distinctive approach to clinical research ethics that can guide bioethicists and members of institutional review boards (IRBs) as they struggle to balance the competing values of promoting medical research and protecting human subjects participating in it. After defining our understanding of pragmatism in the setting of clinical research ethics, we show how a pragmatic approach can provide guidance not only for the day-to-day functioning of the IRB, but also for evaluation of policy standards, such as the one that addresses acceptable risks for healthy children in clinical research trials. We also show how pragmatic considerations might influence the debate about the use of deception in clinical research. Finally, we show how a pragmatic approach, by regarding the promotion of human research and the protection of human subjects as equally important values, helps to break down the false dichotomy between science and ethics in clinical research.
Clinical Features of Brittle Diabetic Patients Unresponsive to Optimized Subcutaneous Insulin Therapy (Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion)
Authors: John Pickup, Gareth Williams, Patricia Johns, Harry Keen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

We examined the clinical features of 14 brittle diabetic patients, all of whom had failed to achieve near-normoglycemia during the ordinarily optimal treatment regimen of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. All patients were female. Seven patients had obvious family problems such as divorce or parental conflict. Type A (12 patients) suffered mainly from frequent, unpredictable episodes of ketoacidosis, necessitating many emergency admissions to a hospital; type B (two patients) complained of frequent, unpredictable, symptomatic hypoglycemia, short of coma and not requiring admission to a hospital. Type A brittle diabetic individuals were compared with 12 stable diabetic patients matched for age, sex, and duration of diabetes. The type A diabetic patients were young (mean age: 19.2 yr; range: 13–27 yr) with a wide range of duration of diabetes (2.5–23 yr) and brittleness (1–11 yr). Although their body mass index (BMI) was not significantly different from the stable diabetic subjects, many type A brittle patients were overweight, despite usually constant ketosis and hyperglycemia. The daily subcutaneous insulin dose was significantly higher than for stable diabetic individuals (mean ± SEM: 7.1 ± 2.6 versus 0.96 ± 0.12 U/kg), reflecting, perhaps, a subcutaneous absorption barrier in brittle patients. There was a significant correlation between age of onset of brittleness and age at menarche, with brittleness starting in most patients 2–5 yr after a normal-age menarche. This may implicate the hormonal and/or psychological changes at this time. Most type A brittle patients had secondary amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea at the time of study. Type B patients were older (32 and 38 yr) with long duration of diabetes (24 and 28 yr) and brittleness (20 and 28 yr). They were receiving a normal subcutaneous insulin dose (0.5 and 0.8 U/kg) and had a regular menses. Furthermore, brittleness appeared before menarche in these patients.
Focal lymphocytic myocarditis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): A correlative morphologic and clinical study in 26 consecutive fatal cases
Authors: Giorgio Baroldi, Salvatore Corallo, Mauro Moroni, Alberto Repossini, Maria Rosa Mutinelli, Adriano Lazzarin, Concetta M. Antonacci, Silvia Cristina, Cristina Negri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Neuropathology—Then and Now
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Neuropathology as a subspecialty arose later in the United States than did interest and productive research on diseases of the nervous system. Until about 1930, general pathologists had the responsibility of diagnosing diseases of the nervous system as part of their routine work, while detailed study of difficult cases and research in structural neuropathology fell to the lot of clinical neurologists and neurosurgeons, who did it as a supplementary part of their clinical activities. Their investigations were almost entirely morphological since they lacked the time, the facilities, and perhaps the impetus to carry their studies over into the experimental field. Work of permanent value emerged nonetheless. One example that indicates the interdependence of the clinical and laboratory approach at that time is the Percival Bailey—Cushing classification of tumors of the glioma group. In the early 1920s, Cushing was altering and improving his neurosurgical techniques and was using roentgenography as an
ECHO-GUIDED EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY FOR REFRACTORY ANGINA IMPROVES REGIONAL MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW AS ASSESSED BY PET IMAGING
Authors: Lothar Faber, Oliver Lindner, Christian Prinz, Eva Fricke, Detlef Hering, Wolfgang Burchert, Dieter Horstkotte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Preparative purification of the rat mast cell chymase. Characterization and Interaction with granule components
Authors: R Yurt, KF Austen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The rat mast cell granule chymotrypsinlike enzyme was purified to homogeneity from 1 M NaCl solubilized membrane and granule-rich fractions of concentrated rat peritoneal mast cells by a preparative technique utilizing chromatography on Dowex 1, filtration on Sephadex G-75, and affinity chromatography with D-tryptophan methyl ester. Acid disk gel electrophoresis of the purified chymase disclosed a single stained band with activity being eluted from a replicate sliced gel in the same region. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified protein gave a single stained band that did not change in position with reduction and alkylation. Mast cell chymase is thus a cationic protein of 25,000 mol wt composed of a single polypeptide chain. The apparent K(m) of the chymase for BTEE was 1.5 x 10(-3) M and the V(max) was 67.8 μmol/min per mg. The enzyme was inhibited by TPCK and not by TLCK. The chymase complexed with native macromolecular rat mast cell heparin in molar ratios of 12:1 and 16:1, and complete heparin uptake occurred at a 40:1 ratio of chymase to heparin. Chymase activity was partially masked by combination with heparin in the isolated granule or experimental chymase-heparin complex, and soluble purified chymase was inhibited by concentrations of 5-HT comparable to those present in mast cells. It is therefore possible that the active site of chymase in the mast cell granule is largely masked by the combined effects of macromolecular heparin and 5-HT.
Clinical Features of Left Atrial Myxoma
Authors: J. F. Goodwin, C. A. Stanfield, R. E. Steiner, H. H. Bentall, H. M. Sayed, V. R. Bloom, M. B. Bishop
Journal: Thorax (1962)

There were four patients; one man aged 63 years, and three women aged 48, 47, and 23 years.Clinical studies, phonocardiography, and cardiac catheter- ization were performed in all four, and angiocardiography in three.Selective angiograms were obtained of the right and left sides of the heart in one patient and of the right side only in two.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum proteins were studied *Advanced research fellow of the American Heart Association.
Loss of Trim24 (Tif1α) gene function confers oncogenic activity to retinoic acid receptor alpha
Authors: Konstantin Khetchoumian, Marius Teletin, Johan Tisserand, Manuel Mark, Benjamin Herquel, Mihaela Ignat, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Florence Cammas, Thierry Lerouge, Christelle Thibault, Daniel Metzger, Pierre Chambon, Régine Losson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Seasonal predictive factors of acute respiratory tract infections in children
Authors: S. A. Srivastava
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in children under 5 years of age are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and predictive tools are invaluable in preventing infection and timely vaccination. Owing to the seasonal nature of ARTI, this German study aimed to determine the effect of climate on ARTI in children requiring …
PWE-022 Completion rates of palliative chemotherapy are low in patients with oesophago-gastric cancer: results from a national audit
Authors: O Groene, R Hardwick, S Riley, T Crosby, K Greenaway, D Cromwell
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Palliative chemotherapy is routinely offered to patients diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic oesophago-gastric cancer. Based on data from the National Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Audit (NOGCA), we describe the characteristics of patients being offered palliative chemotherapy, determine the proportion of patients completing treatment, and identify factors associated with treatment completion. <h3>Methods</h3> The NOGCA prospectively collected data on patients diagnosed with invasive epithelial cancer of the oesophagus or stomach between 1 October 2007 and 30 June 2009. For patients receiving palliative oncology, we compared characteristics of completers and non-completers of chemotherapy using χ<sup>2</sup> tests and multiple logistic regression models with correction for cluster sampling. For variables with missing data we imputed values using multiple imputation by chained equations. <h3>Results</h3> Of 16 264 patients participating in the NOGCA in England, 2313 received palliative chemotherapy treatment. Female patients or patients of older age were less likely to receive treatment. Overall, only 39.7% completed their treatment. Factors associated with treatment completion were low performance status, high age and high level of deprivation. In our study, treatment completion was not related with site of cancer, pre-treatment stage, sex, co-morbidities or histology. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Completion rates of palliative chemotherapy in patients with oesophago-gastric cancer are low. The low completion rates may reflect the complex medical decision making for this group of patients and the need to balance survival benefits, toxicity of treatment, patients9 preferences and patients9 quality of life. Patients unlikely to complete chemotherapy may be more appropriately managed on a palliative supportive care pathway with symptom control. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Cromwell DA</b>, Palser T, Van der Meulen J, <i>et al</i>. The National Oesophageal-Gastric Cancer Audit: Third Annual Report. London: The Information Centre, 2010. 2. <b>Lord SR</b>, Hall PS, McShane P, <i>et al.</i> Factors predicting outcome for advanced gastroesophageal cancer in elderly patients receiving palliative chemotherapy. <i>Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)</i> 2010;<b>22</b>:107–13. 3. <b>Koedoot CG</b>, de Haan RJ, Stiggelbout AM, <i>et al.</i> Palliative chemotherapy or best supportive care? A prospective study explaining patients9 treatment preference and choice. <i>Br J Cancer</i> 2003;<b>89</b>:2219–26. 4. <b>Braga S</b>. Why do our patients get chemotherapy until the end of life? <i>Ann Oncol</i> 2011;<b>22</b>:2345–8.
Fraser syndrome and mouse blebbed phenotype caused by mutations in FRAS1/Fras1 encoding a putative extracellular matrix protein
Authors: Lesley McGregor, Ville Makela, Susan M Darling, Sofia Vrontou, Georges Chalepakis, Catherine Roberts, Nicola Smart, Paul Rutland, Natalie Prescott, Jason Hopkins, Elizabeth Bentley, Alison Shaw, Emma Roberts, Robert Mueller, Shalini Jadeja, Nicole Philip, John Nelson, Christine Francannet, Antonio Perez-Aytes, Andre Megarbane, Bronwyn Kerr, Brandon Wainwright, Adrian S Woolf, Robin M Winter, Peter J Scambler
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Antibiotics still overprescribed, study finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

GPs in the United Kingdom are still prescribing antibiotics for a large proportion of patients who attend with sore throat, otitis media, upper respiratory tract infections, and sinusitis despite national guidance warning against this, according to a study published this week based on analysis of the world's largest primary care database ( Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2007;60(suppl 1):i43-7). 

The study assessed antibiotic prescribing in primary care using the general practice research database of consultations and prescriptions (GPRD), which collects information on about three million patients from general practices throughout the UK.

Researchers looked for all consultations between 1998 and 2001 for conditions that might have resulted in a prescription for antibiotics. They identified prescriptions for antibacterial drugs issued …
NICE keeps paracetamol in UK guidelines on osteoarthritis
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

New guidance on osteoarthritis from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has stressed the importance of exercise, but it has left paracetamol (acetaminophen) unchanged as a first line analgesia option—despite the draft guidelines having said that it should be avoided.1

The draft guidelines, published last August, recommended that paracetamol should not routinely be offered as it may not help to relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis and because taking the maximum daily dose over a long period may be linked to side effects.

But the Royal College of General Practitioners, the Primary Care Rheumatology Society, and the British Society for Rheumatology raised concerns that removing paracetamol as an analgesia option could result in the increased use of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opiates.

Mark Baker, director of the centre for clinical practice at NICE, said that the institute had decided to leave unchanged its recommendations on the pharmacological management of …
A Chance to Live
Authors: Alan R. Hinman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

June Goodfield has written an interesting book about the effort to immunize the world's children. Written as a companion to a television documentary, the book is geared to an educated lay audience. In the first part, the author describes the impact of the vaccine-preventable diseases targeted by the World Health Organization's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)—diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, tuberculosis—and the initiation in 1974 and early difficulties of the EPI. She also describes the complexities of vaccine manufacture, the problems in getting vaccine from the manufacturer to the child (including transportation issues and the necessity for a "cold chain" to prevent inactivation of vaccines by heat), and the inadequacies of the health care delivery system in developing countries. She then discusses the different agendas of agencies that work in immunization (particularly the World Health Organization [WHO] and the United Nations Children's Fund [UNICEF]) and the differences in personality and
The potential usefulness of biological markers in risk assessment.
Authors: F Perera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Substantial data have been generated during the last 5 years in experimental systems and human populations which shed light on the potential usefulness of biological markers in human cancer risk assessment. Following a brief review of overall progress to date in the biomonitoring of human populations, this paper turns to the growing body of data regarding carcinogen-DNA and protein adducts as illustrative markers of biologically effective dose of carcinogens. The data base illustrates considerable human inter-individual variation in binding and the presence of significant "background" levels of adducts--both of which support the absence of human population thresholds for exposure to carcinogens. The contribution of adduct data to our understanding of the shape of low dose-response curve and the reliability of inter-species extrapolation, as well as the relevance of adducts to cancer risk, are also discussed. Even though adducts can now be useful in hazard identification or qualitative risk assessment, more research is needed before they can serve as quantitative predictors of human cancer risk.
Conflict and Polio
Authors: Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal