tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway hyperresponsiveness in a rat model of chronic bronchitis: role of C fibers.
Authors: N C Long, J G Martin, R Pantano, S A Shore
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We evaluated the role of C fibers in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in a rat model of chronic bronchitis. Neonatal rats were treated with capsaicin (50 mg/kg, subcutaneously), a procedure which results in permanent depletion of tachykinins from the lungs and airways as well as degeneration of C fibers. Control rats were treated with the vehicle used to dissolve capsaicin. Three months later, rats from both groups were exposed either to SO2 gas (250 ppm, 5 h/d, 5 d/wk for 4 wk) or to filtered air for the same period of time. One day after the last exposure, rats were anesthetized and instrumented for the measurement of pulmonary resistance (R(L)), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), and airway responsiveness to inhaled aerosolized methacholine. There was a small (30%) but significant increase in R(L) in neonatal capsaicin- but not vehicle-treated rats exposed to SO2. Chronic exposure to SO2 resulted in increased airway responsiveness in both groups of rats, but the effect was more pronounced in the neonatal capsaicin-treated animals in which the doses of methacholine required to double R(L) or decrease Cdyn by 50% decreased 6.3-fold and 4.6-fold, respectively, compared with only 2.2- and 1.3-fold decreases in vehicle-treated rats. Morphometric analysis of histologic sections of airways demonstrated that the average area of smooth muscle in the airway wall, normalized by the length of basement membrane, was significantly greater in SO2 compared with air-exposed capsaicin-treated rats, but not in vehicle-treated control rats (p < 0.012). The maximal tension generated by tracheal rings in response to cholinergic agonists was also significantly increased by SO2 exposure in neonatal capsaicin-treated, but not vehicle-treated rats (p < 0.002). These results support the hypothesis that rather than contributing to the pathophysiologic manifestations of bronchitis, C fibers limit the development of airway obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness during induction of chronic bronchitis by SO2 exposure. The enhanced contractile responses of airways from the SO2-exposed neonatal capsaicin-treated rats may result from increased airway smooth muscle mass and contribute to the increased airway responsiveness observed in these animals.
Aggravation and provocation of ventricular arrhythmias by antiarrhythmic drugs.
Authors: V Velebit, P Podrid, B Lown, B H Cohen, T B Graboys
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Antiarrhythmic drugs may aggravate or even induce ventricular arrhythmias. This type of adverse reaction is becoming more prevalent as the use of antiarrhythmic agents becomes more widespread. In a retrospective analysis of antiarrhythmic drug action, a worsening of arrhythmia was observed in 80 of 722 (11.1%) antiarrhythmic drug tests in 53 of 155 patients being treated for ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Aggravation of arrhythmias was defined by occurrence of a fourfold increase in the frequency of ventricular premature complexes, a 10-fold increase in repetitive forms, or the first emergence of sustained ventricular tachycardia coincident with time course of action of the particular drug under study. Such aggravation was noted with each of nine drugs tested: quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide, propranolol, metoprolol, aprindine, mexiletine, tocainide and pindolol. The frequency of this complication for a specific drug ranged from 5.9-15.8%. Blood drug concentrations were consistently in the therapeutic range. A study of the variability of ventricular arrhythmia during 48-hour Holter monitoring and exercise stress testing in no instance showed arrhythmia enhancement commensurate with that defining aggravation. Our data suggest that this potentially serious complication is not readily predictable and requires a systematic approach to antiarrhythmic drug testing before a patient is prescribed a long-range maintenance program.
Targeted Inactivation of Mdm2 RING Finger E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity in the Mouse Reveals Mechanistic Insights into p53 Regulation
Authors: Koji Itahana, Hua Mao, Aiwen Jin, Yoko Itahana, Hilary V. Clegg, Mikael S. Lindström, Krishna P. Bhat, Virginia L. Godfrey, Gerard I. Evan, Yanping Zhang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
Treatment of Anuria
Authors: D. A. K. Black, S. W. Stanbury
Journal: BMJ (1948)

Blood cultures taken at this time became positive on Sept. 30, and on the same day the spleen became palpable for the first time.Treatment with 1 g. of streptomycin eight-hourly intra- muscularly, and 2 g. of sulphadiazine four-hourly by mouth, was begun on Sept. 24 and continued for fourteen days.On the sixth day of treatment fever began to fall.By the end of treatment the patient was afebrile, but immediately after its cessation occasional pyrexia up to 990 F. (37.2°C.)recurred; but this disappeared without any further treatment, and the fever has not recurred up to the present time over the last two months.There have, however, been during this time several attacks of abdominal discomfort, to which she has been prone for the last few years.The agglutinin titre for Br.abortus had fallen to I in 1,250 on Oct. 19 and to I in 500 on Nov. 26.The splenomegaly had disappeared two weeks after treatment was completed.Characters of Br. abortus.-Thisorganism was found in only one of many tubes after incubation for twelve days in 10% CO2.On first isolation it was fully CO2-sensitive, but after four sub- cultures growth, poor at first but later fairly profuse, was obtained in a normal atmosphere.The sensitivity to strepto- mycin was tested by preparing slopes of beef-heart extract peptone agar of pH 7.4 containing falling concentrations of streptomycin and inoculating them with a 2-mm.loopful of an approximate I in 500 dilution of a broth culture.The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to vary with the atmosphere as follows: Minimum Inhibitory Maximum Concentration Concentration Permitting Growth No added CO .. 05 /Ig.per ml.0 25 pg.per nil.10°/ CO .. .. 1,5 ,, ,, 1 0 25% CO. 25 ,, , 2-0These differences are evidently due to the alteration in pH of the medium produced by C02: it is well recognized that even a slight shift towards the acid side diminishes the activity of streptomycin.The findings indicate that this strain is fully streptomycin-sensitive.
Trusts are making slow progress in promoting race equality, says Healthcare Commission
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Many NHS trusts in England are still failing to meet minimum statutory standards on race equality, concludes the health services watchdog, the Healthcare Commission, in a report published this week.

A breach of the legislation will count against trusts in their annual health check, the commission warns, in one of its last acts before being subsumed into the new Quality Care Commission on 1 April.

“NHS trusts must take immediate action to address any shortfalls in meeting their legal duties,” the report says. “Strategic health authorities and Monitor should hold NHS trusts to account for their whole approach to race equality.”

Latest estimates from the Office of National Statistics show that …
Insulin-like Growth Factors and Cancer
Authors: Derek LeRoith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of peptides, binding proteins, and receptors are important for normal human growth and development and are involved in the specialized functions of most physiologic systems. Most members of the IGF system are expressed by different cancer cells and may play an important role in the propagation of these malignancies. New therapies aimed at modulating various components of the IGF system could affect the progression and metastasis of cancer.
Slitrk5 deficiency impairs corticostriatal circuitry and leads to obsessive-compulsive–like behaviors in mice
Authors: Sergey V Shmelkov, Adília Hormigo, Deqiang Jing, Catia C Proenca, Kevin G Bath, Till Milde, Evgeny Shmelkov, Jared S Kushner, Muhamed Baljevic, Iva Dincheva, Andrew J Murphy, David M Valenzuela, Nicholas W Gale, George D Yancopoulos, Ipe Ninan, Francis S Lee, Shahin Rafii
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Advanced age affects the outcome-predictive power of RIFLE classification in geriatric patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Chia-Ter Chao, Vin-Cent Wu, Chun-Fu Lai, Chih-Chung Shiao, Tao-Min Huang, Pei-Chen Wu, I-Jung Tsai, Chun-Cheng Hou, Wei-Jie Wang, Hung-Bin Tsai, Yu-Feng Lin, Wen-Chih Chiang, Shuei-Liong Lin, Pi-Ru Tsai, Wen-Je Ko, Ming-Shiou Wu, Kuan-Dun Wu
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
British families win compensation over CJD deaths
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Families of 14 young people who died from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) as a result of treatment with human growth hormone as children won a victory last week in their battle for compensation.

The Court of Appeal overturned a High Court decision last July that only those whose treatment began after 1 July 1977 were eligible for damages. Mr Justice Morland had held that treatment …
Antihelper T cell autoantibody in acquired agammaglobulinemia.
Authors: A Rubinstein, M Sicklick, V Mehra, F S Rosen, R H Levey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

A patient with acquired agammaglobulinemia had an antihelper T cell factor that was identified as an immunoglobulin of the IgG class. The factor specifically bound to the TH2- T cell subset and, in the presence of complement, abolished the helper effect of normal T cells. The antihelper T cell antibody preceded by several years the appearance of suppressor TH2+Ia+ T cells, at which time the clinical course rapidly deteriorated. Plasmapheresis resulted in lymphocytosis and reappearance of a functionally intact helper T cell population. It did not affect the suppressor cells. Conversely, total thymectomy resulted in a temporary disappearance of the TH2+Ia+ suppressor cells, but did not decrease the levels of the autoantibody to helper T cells. Neither of these treatments reversed the state of agammaglobulinemia.
LEAD POISONING FROM THE BURNING OF BATTERY CASINGS
Authors: HUNTINGTON WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

On June 29, 1932, a Negro girl, aged 7 years, was brought to the Harriet Lane Home at Johns Hopkins Hospital in an unconscious state and admitted there as a patient. The relatives reported that there had been a sudden onset of convulsions followed by stupor. Far across the city on July 25 another Negro girl, aged 10 years, was admitted to the pediatric service of the Provident Hospital in a stuporous condition, with a history of convulsions and intermittent unconsciousness for the previous four days. These two initial cases were followed by others that resulted in the unraveling of one of the most dramatic and fascinating medical and public health problems of recent years. By September 2, in both sections of the city, a total of forty cases of lead poisoning were discovered, chiefly among children, all in Negro families in which discarded storage battery casings had been used
Goals of Palliative Care
Authors: Jane T. Broxterman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Letters6 May 2014Goals of Palliative CareJane T. Broxterman, MDJane T. Broxterman, MDFrom University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L14-5009-7 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:This essay was not designed to be a case report but was a reflection on the importance of patient continuity and the physical examination. Because of the space limitations and peer-reviewed editing suggestions, specific patient-related details were intentionally not explained. You are correct that, when one reads this excerpt out of context and was not at the bedside, this therapy can seem aggressive and perhaps inappropriate. However, when goals of care remain uncertain (for example, extubation with or without reintubation and full treatment vs. full comfort care) in the setting of an unexpected finding on physical examination, one ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jane T. Broxterman, MDAffiliations: From University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas.Disclosures: None. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L14-0092. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMiracle on 39th Street Jane T. Broxterman Goals of Palliative Care Thomas E. Finucane Goals of Palliative Care Thomas E. Finucane Metrics 6 May 2014Volume 160, Issue 9Page: 656-657KeywordsAtrial fibrillationDisclosureExtubationHeart failureIntensive care unitsLymphomaOsteoarthritisPalliative careSedationVentilators ePublished: 6 May 2014 Issue Published: 6 May 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
One car down
Authors: I. H Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To study the behavioral role of neurons containing the D1 dopamine receptor (D1+), we have used a genetic neurostimulatory approach. We generated transgenic mice that express an intracellular form of cholera toxin (CT), a neuropotentiating enzyme that chronically activates stimulatory G-protein (G<sub>s</sub>) signal transduction and cAMP synthesis, under the control of the D1 promoter. Because the D1 promoter, like other CNS-expressed promoters, confers transgene expression that is regionally restricted to different D1+ CNS subsets in different transgenic lines, we observed distinct but related psychomotor disorders in different D1CT-expressing founders. In a D1CT line in which transgene expression was restricted to the following D1+ CNS regions—the piriform cortex layer II, layers II–III of somatosensory cortical areas, and the intercalated nucleus of the amygdala—D1CT mice showed normal CNS and D1+ neural architecture but increased cAMP content in whole extracts of the piriform and somatosensory cortex. These mice also exhibited a constellation of compulsive behavioral abnormalities that strongly resembled human cortical-limbic–induced compulsive disorders such as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). These compulsive behaviors included episodes of perseverance or repetition of any and all normal behaviors, repetitive nonaggressive biting of siblings during grooming, and repetitive leaping. These results suggest that chronic potentiation of cortical and limbic D1+ neurons thought to induce glutamatergic output to the striatum causes behaviors reminiscent of those in human cortical-limbic–induced compulsive disorders.
Telemetric Electroencephalography for Hospitalized Seizure Patients
Authors: Edivard A. Liske
Journal: JAMA (1962)

TELEMETRY (making measurements at a distance) is not new. The electrical activity of the heart was telemetered by FM transmission in 1943. The technical achievements of the past 2 decades, however, have greatly advanced this science. Miniaturization of amplifiers and transmitters now offers a possible way of monitoring biological phenomena in free-moving patients in the hospital environment.  The following application in clinical neurology is an example. Neurologists frequently have patients whose symptoms suggest a seizure disorder, but whose routine electroencephalograms have been repeatedly normal. Activation techniques (hyperventilation, sleep, photic stimulation, pentylenetetrazol, and so forth) also may fail to bring out the abnormalities. Usually, patients cannot be studied electroencephalographically for prolonged periods of up to 24 hours or for days on end. Telemetry, by permitting freedom of movement, facilitates prolonged recording sessions. It also may find clinical application in patients with frequent, very brief, petit mal attacks. In order to evaluate
Catch-22
Authors: William H. Herman, Michael M. Engelgau
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

“Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn't, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didn't have to; but if he didn't want to he was sane and had to.”— Catch-22 , Joseph Heller (1)

Davidson (2) argues that the plasma glucose (PG) obtained 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose load cannot be an appropriate criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes, because subjects with elevated 2-h PG levels may have normal HbAlc levels, and the diagnosis of diabetes is untenable in people with normal HbAlclevels. This line of …
Form, function, and self-control
Authors: A. W. Logue
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The target article's definition of self-control as a highly valued behavior pattern containing a less preferred element is consistent with other functionalist explanations of behavior. This definition falls within the more traditional definition of self-control as the choice of a larger, more delayed reinforcer over a smaller, less delayed reinforcer, and can provide new insights concerning our understanding of self-control.
Primary Osteoarthrosis of the Knee or Hip
Authors: Hasan Yazici
Journal: JAMA (1975)

One hundred twenty probands with primary osteoarthrosis of the hip or knee were examined prospectively; there were 194 controls. In addition, 193 patients with hip or knee arthrosis were examined retrospectively. Restriction of rotation on physical examination accurately differentiated arthrotic hips from normal ones. Among women, 38% of the controls and 49% of the probands had Heberden nodes (<i>P</i>&gt;.1). Their prevalence increased with age. Individuals with multiple arthrosis joints were not older than those with single joint involvement, and they had a similar prevalence of nodes. Of the probands, 14% had arthrosis of both the knee and hip. Of those with bilateral hip arthrosis, 33% had knee arthrosis as well. Heberden nodes are unrelated to osteoarthrosis of the knee or hip. Knee and hip arthroses frequently occur together and remain confined to the initially affected joints. They may have a common cause. (<i>JAMA</i>231:1256-1260, 1975)
Somatization in an Immigrant Population in Israel: A Community Survey of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Help-Seeking Behavior
Authors: Michael Ritsner, Alexander Ponizovsky, Rena Kurs, Ilan Modai
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge about the frequency, severity, and risk factors of somatization (somatic manifestations of psychological distress) among immigrants is limited. The authors examined somatic distress in an immigrant population in Israel, explored its relationship with psychological distress symptoms and health-care-seeking behavior, and determined its correlation with the length of residence in Israel. METHOD: Two reliable and validated self-report questionnaires, the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Demographic Psychosocial Inventory, were administered in a cross-sectional community survey of 966 Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union who had arrived in Israel within the previous 30 months. RESULTS: The 6-month prevalence rate for somatization was 21.9% and for psychological distress, 55.3%. The current rate of co-occurrence of somatization and psychological distress was 20.4%. The most common physical complaints were heart or chest pain, feelings of weakness in different parts of the body, and nausea. Somatization was positively correlated with the intensity of psychological distress and with help-seeking behavior during the 6 months preceding the survey. Women reported significantly more somatic and other distress symptoms than men. Older and divorced or widowed individuals were more likely to meet the criteria for somatization. Within the first 30 months after resettlement, longer length of residence was associated with higher levels of somatization symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Somatization is a prevalent problem among individuals in cross-cultural transition and is associated with psychological distress; demographic characteristics such as gender, age, marital status, and duration of immigration; self-reported health problems; and immigrants’ help-seeking behavior.
THREE CASES ILLUSTRATING CEREBRAL COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA SUPPURATIVA.
Authors: CHARLES W. RICHARDSON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

It is not to be wondered at that, however brilliant the diagnosis may be, and however skilfully the operation may be done, success does not always attend work along the line of otitic cerebral surgery. The localization of the lesion is not always clear. Lesions may exist other than those made clear through the grouping of symptoms, and the pathological changes exposed may have progressed so far as to preclude the possibility of successful issue, all of which are independent, in the light of our present knowledge and skill in diagnosis and surgical intervention. It therefore becomes incumbent upon us to report not only our successes, but more imperative to report our failures, as through them not only we, but likewise others may profit. I fear that we are too prone to report our successful cases and too apt to forget our failures. To be sure it is no disgrace
Effect of high fat consumption on cell proliferation activity of colorectal mucosa and on soluble faecal bile acids.
Authors: J Stadler, H S Stern, K S Yeung, V McGuire, R Furrer, N Marcon, W R Bruce
Journal: Gut (1988)

To assess the effect of fat consumption on the proliferation of the rectal mucosa, 30 normal volunteers (22 to 71 years) were randomly allocated to three groups: (a) basal low fat diet containing 30 g of fat per day; (b) the basal diet with doses of 30 g corn oil taken with each of the three meals: 120 g fat/day; (c) the basal diet with one dose of 90 g corn oil after the last meal: 120 g fat/day. Rectal biopsies were taken 15 cm from the anal verge after five days on the diets and mucosal cell proliferation was measured by labelling index (LI). The LI was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in group (c) (9.2) than in group (a) (5.9), with group (b) intermediate (6.8). In multiple stepwise regression analysis, the data were best fitted with age and the variable indicating fat consumed as a bolus as predictors of LI (r2 = 0.39, p less than 0.001). In separate analyses the regression coefficient with age in the fat bolus group was 0.23, p less than 0.001. There was some tendency towards lower bile acids in the faecal water in group (a) than in groups (b) and (c) following the diets and between the bile acids and LI (for lithocholic acid r = 0.48, p = 0.01). These data show that dietary fat given as a bolus can lead to an increase in the proliferation of human colonic cells, possibly as a consequence of raised levels of cytotoxic acidic lipids in the faecal stream.