tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunity in herpes gestationis: inhibition of mixed lymphocyte culture by patients'sera
Authors: J. KARVONEN, J. ILONEN, T. REUNALA, A. TIILIKAINEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

The families of four patients with herpes gestationis (HG) (pemphigoid gestationis) and five patients with polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP) were HLA typed. Anti-HLA-D antibodies in the maternal sera were sought using mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) inhibition test. Two of the four patients with HG had Dw3, one of which was combined with Dw4. One of the fathers had Dw2. The sera of the four patients with HG strongly inhibited (48-100%) the MLC reaction of maternal cells against cells of the father or the child. This kind of inhibition could not be shown in the patients with PEP. We conclude that patients with HG often seem to have MLC inhibiting factors which obviously are antibodies directed against HLA-D region determinants. Their pathogenic role is still obscure.
Treatment of Familial Male Precocious Puberty with Spironolactone and Testolactone
Authors: Louisa Laue, Daniel Kenigsberg, Ora H. Pescovitz, Karen D. Hench, Kevin M. Barnes, D. Lynn Loriaux, Gordon B. Cutler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Because the pubertal growth spurt in boys appears to be mediated by both androgens and estrogens, we hypothesized that blockade of both androgen action and estrogen synthesis would normalize the growth of boys with familial male precocious puberty. To test this hypothesis, we studied nine boys (age range, 3.3 to 7.7 years) during treatment with an antiandrogen (spironolactone) or an inhibitor of androgen-to-estrogen conversion (testolactone), followed by treatment with both agents. After six months of observation without treatment, the first four boys received spironolactone for six months, followed by spironolactone and testolactone. The next five boys received testolactone for six months, followed by spironolactone and testolactone. Neither spironolactone nor testolactone, given alone, was satisfactory as a treatment for this condition. However, a combination of spironolactone and testolactone, given for at least six months, restored both the growth rate and the rate of bone maturation to normal prepubertal levels and controlled acne, spontaneous erections, and aggressive behavior. The combined therapy was associated with a significantly lower growth rate than testolactone alone (P less than 0.05) and a significantly lower rate of bone maturation than spironolactone alone (P less than 0.05). No important adverse effects were observed during combined treatment. Six of the nine boys continued to receive the combined therapy for an additional 12 months and maintained normal prepubertal rates of growth and bone maturation. The mean predicted height (+/- SEM) increased progressively during the combined treatment although the difference between the pretreatment and post-treatment predictions was not significant (169.5 +/- 2.8 at the end of treatment vs. 166.2 +/- 4.5 cm before treatment; P = 0.29). We conclude that blockade of both androgen action and estrogen synthesis with the combination of spironolactone and testolactone is an effective short-term treatment for familial male precocious puberty. Further study will be required, however, to assess the long-term outcome in boys who receive this treatment.
A CASE OF BLASTOMYCETIC DERMATITIS(?)
Authors: JOHN GLENDON SHELDON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

A Polish woman, 32 years of age, came under my care in May, 1901, suffering from a disease involving the face and causing blindness of the right eye, destruction of the nose and marked eversion of the lips. Her family history was negative. She was born in Poland and came to New York when she was 10 years old and was never sick, excepting the present illness. Venereal diseases were denied. The history of the present complaint is as follows: About one year ago the patient noticed a pinhead-sized, firm, slightly tender swelling near the right angle of the lower jaw. The swelling was located in the skin and was freely movable. In a few days it developed into an abscess which ruptured, leaving a small ulcer. From this beginning the process extended, usually by induration and swelling followed by pus formation, crustation and, in some places, by resolution and
Effects of Benfluorex on Insulin Resistance and Lipid Metabolism in Obese Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Rutgert Bianchi, Vivian Bongers, Bert Bravenboer, D Willem Erkelens
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the change in lipids and insulin sensitivity in 10 obese type II diabetic patients after treatment with benfluorex or placebo for 2 wk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study had a double-blind, cross-over design. Insulin sensitivity was measured with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique at two different insulin infusion rates: 0.05 (clamp 1) and 0.10 U.kg−1 · h−1 (clamp 2). RESULTS Subanalysis of the glucose infusion rate under steady-state conditions in the last 30 min of clamp 2 yielded a glucose infusion rate of 5.36 and 3.87 mmol.kg−1.min−1 after benfluorex and placebo, respectively (P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Benfluorex increases insulin sensitivity in obese type II diabetic patients.
The Persistent Legacy of the 1918 Influenza Virus
Authors: David M. Morens, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Descendants of the H1N1 influenza A virus that caused the catastrophic and historic pandemic of 1918–1919 continue to contribute their genes to new viruses, causing new pandemics, epidemics, and epizootics. Drs. David Morens, Jeffery Taubenberger, and Anthony Fauci discuss the influenza A events of the past 91 years.
Interferon-α for chronic hepatitis C: An analysis of pretreatment clinical predictors of response
Authors: Luigi Pagliaro, Antonio Craxí, Calogero Cammaá, Fabio Tiné, Vito Di Marco, Oreste Lo Iacono, Piero Almasio
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

To identify predictors of short-term and sustained ALT normalization after interferon treatment in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C, we performed a meta-analysis of individual patients' data, with construction and cross-validation of a prediction rule, in 361 patients from two randomized trials. In one trial, 116 subjects with transfusion-related chronic hepatitis C were treated with lymphoblastoid interferon (5 MU/m2 three times a week for 2 mo, then 3 MU/m2 three times a week for 4 or 10 mo). In the other study, 245 patients with community-acquired chronic hepatitis C received recombinant interferon-alpha 2b (10 MU three times a week for 2 mo, then 5 MU three times a week for 4 mo; then random allocation of subjects with normal aminotransferase levels to stop or continue interferon for a further 6 mo). Overall, 164 subjects (45%; 95% confidence interval, 40% to 50%) had short-term responses; 61 (18%; 95% confidence interval, 14% to 22%) maintained sustained responses. Sixty patients (17%; 95% confidence interval, 13% to 21%) withdrew from treatment because of side effects or subjective intolerance. Logistic regression analysis showed that short-term and sustained response were independently predicted by lobular structure on pretreatment liver biopsy (p < 0.0001) and by short disease duration, defined as the time elapsed since transfusion in posttransfusion cases or since the first observation of abnormal aminotransferase levels in cryptogenic disease (p < 0.01). Rules to predict short-term and sustained response to interferon were derived from these items, showing a discriminatory ability of 0.73 and 0.70.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transient Focal Membrane Deformation Induced by Arginine-rich Peptides Leads to Their Direct Penetration into Cells
Authors: Hisaaki Hirose, Toshihide Takeuchi, Hiroko Osakada, Sílvia Pujals, Sayaka Katayama, Ikuhiko Nakase, Shouhei Kobayashi, Tokuko Haraguchi, Shiroh Futaki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Endocytosis has been implicated in the cellular uptake of arginine-rich, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). However, accumulating evidence suggests that certain conditions allow the direct, non-endocytic penetration of arginine-rich peptides through the plasma membrane. We previously showed that Alexa Fluor 488-labeled dodeca-arginine (R12-Alexa488) directly enters cells at specific sites on the plasma membrane and subsequently diffuses throughout cells. In this study, we found that the peptide influx was accompanied by the formation of unique, "particle-like" multivesicular structures on the plasma membrane, together with topical inversion of the plasma membrane. Importantly, the conjugation of dodeca-arginine (R12) to Alexa Fluor 488 or a peptide tag derived from hemagglutinin (HAtag) significantly accelerated particle formation, suggesting that the chemical properties of the attached molecules (cargo molecules) may contribute to translocation of the R12 peptide. Coincubation with R12-HAtag allowed the membrane-impermeable R4-Alexa488 to permeate cells. These results suggest that R12 peptides attached to hydrophobic cargo molecules stimulate dynamic morphological alterations in the plasma membrane, and that these structural changes allow the peptides to permeate the plasma membrane. These findings may provide a novel mode of cell permeabilization by arginine-rich peptides as a means of drug delivery. Endocytosis has been implicated in the cellular uptake of arginine-rich, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). However, accumulating evidence suggests that certain conditions allow the direct, non-endocytic penetration of arginine-rich peptides through the plasma membrane. We previously showed that Alexa Fluor 488-labeled dodeca-arginine (R12-Alexa488) directly enters cells at specific sites on the plasma membrane and subsequently diffuses throughout cells. In this study, we found that the peptide influx was accompanied by the formation of unique, "particle-like" multivesicular structures on the plasma membrane, together with topical inversion of the plasma membrane. Importantly, the conjugation of dodeca-arginine (R12) to Alexa Fluor 488 or a peptide tag derived from hemagglutinin (HAtag) significantly accelerated particle formation, suggesting that the chemical properties of the attached molecules (cargo molecules) may contribute to translocation of the R12 peptide. Coincubation with R12-HAtag allowed the membrane-impermeable R4-Alexa488 to permeate cells. These results suggest that R12 peptides attached to hydrophobic cargo molecules stimulate dynamic morphological alterations in the plasma membrane, and that these structural changes allow the peptides to permeate the plasma membrane. These findings may provide a novel mode of cell permeabilization by arginine-rich peptides as a means of drug delivery.
Insulin Action in Black Americans With NIDDM
Authors: Mary Ann Banerji, Harold E Lebovitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To assess the influences that obesity and hyperglycemia have on insulin action in black NIDDM patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-nine subjects were studied who had normal GHb levels and/or FPG &amp;lt;6.4 mM and who had not taken pharmacological agents for 2–91 mo before the study. Insulin action was studied using the euglycemic insulin clamp with a d-[3-3H] glucose infusion. Degree of obesity was assessed with BMI. During carefully monitored follow-up, 9 patients relapsed into a hyperglycemic state, and insulin action was restudied after acute reregulation of their plasma glucose. RESULTS Insulin action was related to the degree of obesity at the extremes of BMI: 7 of 8 patients (87.5%) with a BMI &amp;lt;24.0 kg/m2 were insulin sensitive, and 8 of 9 patients (88.9%) with a BMI &amp;gt;28.5 kg/m2 were insulin resistant. In the midrange BMI (24.0–28.5 kg/m2), patients were equally likely to be insulin resistant or insulin sensitive. A plot of frequency versus glucose disposal in those patients was compatible with a bimodal distribution (P &amp;lt; 0.025): 12 of 22 patients were normally insulin sensitive (glucose disposal 6.1–9.4 mg.kg−1 · min−1), and 10 were insulin resistant (glucose disposal 2.4–4.8 mg.kg−1 · min−1). Analysis of this midrange BMI group showed that in the insulin-sensitive group, an inverse relationship existed between BMI and glucose disposal (r = −0.64, P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas no such relationship was found in the insulin-resistant group. The clinical characteristics of the midrange BMI group indicated that fasting plasma insulin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were higher; whereas BMI, age, and FPG were not different in the insulin-resistant compared with the insulin-sensitive group. With the development of hyperglycemia, insulin action in the insulin-sensitive group. With the development of hyperglycemia, insulin action in the insulin-sensitive group was decreased, independent of obesity, whereas it was unchanged in the insulin-resistant group. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance exists in only ∼ 50% of black NIDDM patients. The relationship between obesity and insulin resistance is not a simple one. The data can be explained by one of two hypotheses: 1) insulin resistance in black NIDDM patients is an acquired defect related to the development of obesity and is modulated by hyperglycemia, or 2) NIDDM exists as two variants, one with primary insulin resistance and one with normal insulin sensitivity, and that insulin resistance causes central and/or generalized obesity.
A missense mutation in the gene encoding the α1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor in the spasmodic mouse
Authors: Stephen G. Ryan, Marion S. Buckwalter, Joseph W. Lynch, Cheryl A. Handford, Lillian Segura, Rita Shiang, John J. Wasmuth, Sally A. Camper, Peter Schofield, Peter O'Connell
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Malignant Tregs express low molecular splice forms of FOXP3 in Sézary syndrome
Authors: T Krejsgaard, L M Gjerdrum, E Ralfkiaer, B Lauenborg, K W Eriksen, A-M Mathiesen, L F Bovin, R Gniadecki, C Geisler, L P Ryder, Q Zhang, M A Wasik, N Ødum, A Woetmann
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Inhaled nitric oxide reverses pulmonary vasoconstriction in the hypoxic and acidotic newborn lamb.
Authors: J D Roberts, T Y Chen, N Kawai, J Wain, P Dupuy, A Shimouchi, K Bloch, D Polaner, W M Zapol
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

We determined whether inhaling low levels of nitric oxide (NO) gas could selectively reverse hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the near-term newborn lamb and whether vasodilation would be attenuated by respiratory acidosis. To examine the mechanism of air and NO-induced pulmonary vasodilation soon after birth, we measured plasma and lung cGMP levels in the newly ventilated fetal lamb. Breathing at FIO2 0.10 nearly doubled the pulmonary vascular resistance index in newborn lambs and decreased pulmonary blood flow primarily by reducing left-to-right blood flow through the ductus arteriosus. Inhaling 20 ppm NO at FIO2 0.10 completely reversed hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction within minutes. Maximum pulmonary vasodilation occurred during inhalation of &gt; or = 80 ppm NO. Breathing 8% CO2 at FIO2 0.10 elevated the pulmonary vascular resistance index to a level similar to breathing at FIO2 0.10 without added CO2. Respiratory acidosis did not attenuate pulmonary vasodilation by inhaled NO. In none of our studies did inhaling NO produce systemic hypotension or elevate methemoglobin levels. Four minutes after initiating ventilation with air in the fetal lamb lung, cGMP concentration nearly doubled without changing preductal plasma cGMP concentration. Ventilation with 80 ppm NO at FIO2 0.21 increased both lung and preductal plasma cGMP concentration threefold. Our data suggest that inhaled NO gas is a rapid and potent selective vasodilator of the newborn pulmonary circulation with an elevated vascular tone due to hypoxia and respiratory acidosis that acts by increasing lung cGMP concentration.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity: Do we need to perform reflux testing in all candidates to bariatric surgery?
Authors: Salvatore Tolone, Paolo Limongelli, Gianmattia del Genio, Luigi Brusciano, Gianluca Rossetti, Vincenzo Amoroso, Pietro Schettino, Manuela Avellino, Simona Gili, Ludovico Docimo
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Book Review Pediatric Arrhythmias: Electrophysiology and Pacing Edited by Paul C. Gillette and Arthur Garson, Jr. 703 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1990. $195.
Authors: Victoria L. Vetter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Despite a rapid increase in the number of cardiac arrhythmias encountered in pediatric cardiology, few textbooks are devoted to the topic. This is the editors' second book on the topic, and it is an expansion of their former effort (Pediatric Cardiac Dysrhythmias. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1981). The preface states that the aim here is to provide a general background for the student of pediatric cardiology and more specific information for the practicing pediatric or adult cardiologist treating children with arrhythmias.
This book comprises 29 chapters in five sections. The first section, on basic principles, provides information …
1194 End of treatment and sustained response to peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS) plus ribavirin (RBV) (COPEGUS) and amantadine (AMA), and to induction therapy with interferon (IFN) alfa-2A (ROFERON-A) plus RBV and AMA in IFN/RBV nonresponders with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)
Authors: S FARGION, M BORZIO, A CARGNEL
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (standard of care for chronic hepatitis C virus [HCV]), can cause dose-limiting anemia in up to 22% of patients. Viramidine is associated with a lower incidence of anemia because of its liver-targeting properties.The efficacy and safety of viramidine versus ribavirin plus peg-IFN alfa-2a was assessed in patients with HCV. Randomized patients received peg-IFN alfa-2a 180 mcg with viramidine 600 mg twice daily or weight-based doses of ribavirin 1000 or 1200 mg/day. Treatment duration was based on HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) genotype: genotype 2/3 and non-2/3 patients were treated for 24 and 48 weeks, respectively. The primary efficacy end point was the non-inferiority of viramidine versus ribavirin (proportion of patients achieving sustained virologic response at week 24). The primary safety end point was the proportion of patients experiencing a hemoglobin event.In total, 962 patients received peg-IFN alfa-2a with viramidine (n = 644) or ribavirin (n = 318). Sustained virologic response was achieved in 40% of viramidine-treated patients and 55% of ribavirin-treated patients (difference of proportions 0.150 [95% CI, 0.09, 0.21]). Improved efficacy was seen with higher viramidine exposure on a mg/kg basis. Viramidine was significantly superior to ribavirin in hemoglobin event rates (54% vs. 80%; p < 0.001). Adverse event rates were similar between groups except for diarrhea (viramidine 29.5%; ribavirin 15.7%; p < 0.0001).Viramidine 600 mg BID did not meet the primary efficacy non-inferiority end point but met the safety end point. Determination of a viramidine dosage that would yield superior efficacy over ribavirin is needed.
THE SPORT HABIT DURING YOUNGER AGE MAY BRING GOOD EFFECT FOR LOCOMOTORY SYSTEM AND FUNCTION. —FROM PERIODIC MEDICAL CHECKUP ON FORMER JAPANESE OLYMPIAN AT 1964—
Authors: K Nakajima, A Hosikawa, S Ito, Y Morioka, N Tawara, K Nakamura, T Okuwaki, T Kawahara
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background In Japan, which is always the top-ranked life expectancy in the world, the healthcare issues for elderly people transitions from internal; cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease to motor system and function referred as “Locomotive syndrome”. It seems few reports about effects of sport habit in younger age on the locomotors and ability of the elderly. We have carried out medical checkup for the former Japanese Olympian at 1964 every four years since 1970. Objective The aim of this study is clarify characteristics about current locomotive conditions and functions of former elite athletes who had undoubtedly sport habit retrospectively. Methods We performed medical checkup for 119 (90 male and 29 female; mean age is 72.1 years old (M:72.6, F:70.4) former elite athletes who had participated Olympic Games in 1964 (Tokyo). And analyzed current sport habit, degree of osteoarthritis on knee and lumbar spine (L5/S1) by Kellgren-Laurence classification (K-L score), with or without symptom, bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score by DEXA. Results Currently, in total 68.1% (M:70.0%, F:62.1%) of former elite athletes had carry on some sports activity over 1–2 times per week. The mean K-L score of lumbar spine and knee was 2.2 (M:2.1 F: 2.4), 1.6 (M:1.4, F:2.2), respectively. The rate of symptom existence about lumbar spine and knee was 31.9% (M:37.9%, F:30%), 42.9% (M:34.4%, F:69.0%), respectively. The whole body BMD and T-score was 1.18 103.6% (M:1.22 106.6%, F:1.04 94.4%). Conclusions Former elite athletes maintain sports activity even though over aged 70. Although they have mild degenerative changes on their locomotive organs, there are few complaints except female knee joint. In addition, they kept high BMD and T-score. The sport habit during younger age may bring good effect for elderly locomotors.
New Types of Cancer after Basal-Cell Cancer
Authors: Gary M. Stewart
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 July 1997New Types of Cancer after Basal-Cell CancerGary M. Stewart, MDGary M. Stewart, MDTustin, CA 92680Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-1-199707010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:After reading the article by Frisch and colleagues [1], I found myself asking what medical researchers mean when they advise the primary care physician, such as myself, to “keep something in mind.”The article indicates the presence of a certain statistical relation between the diagnosis of basal-cell carcinoma and increased risk for testicular cancer, breast cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The authors concede that no change in the otherwise recommended screening measures for breast or testicular cancer is justified, and there are no screening recommendations for lymphoma to be modified. The authors suggest that breast and scrotal symptoms ...REFERENCE1. Frisch M, Hjalgrim H, Olsen JH, Melbye M. Risk for subsequent cancer after diagnosis of basal-cell carcinoma. A population-based, epidemiologic study. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:815-21. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tustin, CA 92680 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 1Page: 87KeywordsAcademic medicineBreast cancerLymph nodesLymphomaPrimary care physiciansTesticular cancer Issue Published: 1 July 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...