tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fatal Infarction of Brain in Migraine
Authors: I. A. Guest, A. L. Woolf
Journal: BMJ (1964)

IMEDICAL JOURNAL(see Fig.).Occasional papillary proliferations and solid cell masses were present.The abnormal tissue tailed off peripherally into foetal thyroid, though there was a very incomplete, inconspicuous fibrous layer between the tumour and normal foetal thyroid.Centrally the tumour had grown through the eroded tracheal ring and into the submucosa of the trachea, causing the latter to be greatly thickened.The mucosal epithelium itself was absent on the affected side.The presence of colloid-filled vesicles in the tracheal portion of the tumour confirmed the thyroid origin.The lung showed alveolar distension with rupture of some alveolar walls. COMMENTAlthough the tumour had a generally follicular appearance, the presence of papillary elements indicated that this was a papillary adenocarcinoma.The diffuseness of the lesion is in keeping with this diagnosis.The failure to cry at birth, together with the histological appearance of the lungs, indicates that the tracheal obstruction impeded expiration of air and resulted in obstructive emphysema, resulting in death.The mother of this infant lived 100 miles (161 km.) from the Kaonde Hospital and had not had antenatal supervision, let alone radiological examination.She comes from an area of Northern Rhodesia where endemic goitre is prevalent, and the enlargement of her thyroid was not unusual.Thyroid carcinoma is said to be associated with endemic goitre, but Winship (1956) refutes this.However, Crile (1959) has pointed out that the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) on thyroid malignancies is deleterious.It could not be shown that the mother's thyroid was dysfunctional and there was no evidence that T.S.H. caused malignant change in the thyroid, but the general enlargement of the foetal thyroid in this case may have been connected with some such factor.
College Credit for Medical Study.
Authors: John M. Dodson
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Chicago, April 27, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I note in the letter from Dr. John Rogers, secretary of Cornell University Medical College, inThe Journal, April 23, the statement that seven years are required to secure the bachelor's degree and the degree of M.D. May I ask if the Cornell University school now requires all studentsto take this combined course or if students are still admitted as formerly, with a high-school education, that is, the completion of forty-eight counts in the examinations conducted by the Regents of the State of New York? [The above was submitted to Dr. Rogers, who replies as follows.—Ed.] New York City, April 30, 1904.
Combination of proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and NPI-0052 trigger in vivo synergistic cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma
Authors: Dharminder Chauhan, Ajita Singh, Mohan Brahmandam, Klaus Podar, Teru Hideshima, Paul Richardson, Nikhil Munshi, Michael A. Palladino, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2007)
Protecting children from passive smoking
Authors: R. Ferrence
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers pp 333, 337, 343 

Environmental tobacco smoke is a serious health risk to children. Regulatory measures to protect children, such as eliminating smoking in day care settings, schools, and public places, do not address their main source of exposure to tobacco smoke—their homes. Formal structures for protecting children in the home are usually only used in certain circumstances involving custody and adoption,1 and legislation to ban smoking in homes is unlikely, so other strategies to reduce children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke must be put in place.

In this issue of the BMJ , three separate but thematically related papers provide support for a comprehensive approach to protect children from environmental tobacco smoke.2–4 Jarvis et al report that much of the reduction in exposure among English children aged 11–15 that occurred between 1988 and 1998 was due to reduced prevalence of parental smoking, as well as reduced smoking …
300. Adenoviral Delivery of the Gene Encoding Secretable Trimeric TRAIL Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Human Malignant Glioma In Vivo
Authors: Moonsup Jeong, In-Ho Kwon, Chae-Young Kim, Dai-Wu Seol, Paul D. Robbins, Byong-Moon Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Malignant gliomas are most common human primary brain tumors. Despite of intensive research, current treatments have not significantly improved patient survival over last three decades. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in a wide range of tumor cells without fatal effect on normal cells. In previous study, we designed a replication deficient adenovirus (Ad) to encode secretable trimeric TRAIL (stTRAIL). This adenovirus (Ad-stTRAIL) potently induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro by stTRAIL secreted from infected tumor cells. As an approach to Ad-stTRAIL mediated cancer gene therapy, we found out the tumoricidal effects of Ad-stTRAIL in several human malignant glioma cell lines in vitro. In murine xenograft model bearing human malignant glioma U-87MG cell line, the intratumoral administration of Ad-stTRAIL exerted the significant suppression of tumor growth and histological analysis revealed that Ad-stTRAIL regressed tumor growth by inducing apoptotic cell death. In murine brain tumor model implanted U87-MG intracranially through stereotactics, the intratumoral and intracranial administration of Ad-stTRAIL prolonged the survival of mice and reduced the tumor volume in the absence of any acute and delayed neurotoxicity. Contrary to rapid clearance of systemically delivered recombinant TRAIL protein, Ad-stTRAIL showed the persistent expressed stTRAIL level and suppressed the tumor more significantly. Furthermore, we found out that Ad-stTRAIL and combination with chemotherapeutic agents reinforced the potential of Ad-stTRAIL overcoming the TRAIL resistance of certain glioma cell lines. These results suggest that Ad-stTRAIL shows its potential feature as a mean of treating human malignant glioma
A novel mechanism of transplacental cancer transmission: natural killer/T-cell lymphoma in the paratesticular region is of maternal origin
Authors: Hiroshi Yagasaki, Haruhiko Ohashi, Masahumi Ito, Sumiko Kobayashi, Maiko Kato, Hiroyuki Shichino, Motoaki Chin, Hideo Mugishima
Journal: Blood (2011)
Inflammatory Myoglandular Colorectal Polyps: A Case Series of Nine Patients
Authors: T. Moriyama, T. Matsumoto, K. Hizawa, S. Tada, T. Fuchigami, K. Iwai, T. Yao, M. Iida
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Inflammatory myoglandular polyp is an uncommon benign colorectal polyp. We treated nine cases of histologically verified inflammatory myoglandular polyp. The polyps were identified as a pedunculated protrusion located in the distal part of the large intestine. On colonoscopy, eight polyps had a smooth, spherical, and hyperemic surface, accompanied by a patchy mucous exudate. Magnification endoscopy revealed a rugged surface composed of smooth nodules. These colonoscopic findings corresponded to hyperplastic glands with occasional cystic dilation and inflamed stroma with proliferation of smooth-muscle fibers. Inflammatory myoglandular polyp appears to be a distinctive clinical entity, with a unique appearance on colonoscopy.
Regulatory mutations in transforming growth factor-?3 gene cause arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy type 1
Authors: G BEFFAGNA, G OCCHI, A NAVA, L VITIELLO, A DITADI, C BASSO, B BAUCE, G CARRARO, G THIENE, J TOWBIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by fibro-fatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium, associated with high risk of sudden death. The objective of this study is to identify the gene involved in ARVD1, which has been elusive ever since its locus was mapped to chromosome 14q24.3.Mutation screening of the promoter and untranslated regions (UTRs) of the transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGFbeta3) gene was performed by direct sequencing of genomic DNA of one index case belonging to an ARVD1 family including 38 members in four generations. We detected a nucleotide substitution (c.-36G>A) in 5' UTR of TGFbeta3 gene, invariably associated with the typical ARVC clinical phenotype in the affected family members, according to the established diagnostic criteria. Investigation extended to 30 unrelated ARVC patients, performed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), led to the identification of an additional mutation (c.1723C>T) in the 3' UTR of one proband. Neither nucleotide change was found in 300 control subjects. In vitro expression assays with constructs containing the mutations showed that mutated UTRs were twofold more active than wild-types.We identified TGFbeta3 as the disease gene involved in ARVD1. The identification of a novel ARVC gene will increase the power of the genetic screening for early diagnosis of asymptomatic carriers among relatives of ARVC patients.
Better mental health services
Authors: D. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1991)

gonorrhoea during the first quarter of this year.As well as indicating unsafe sexual practice, gonorrhoea in women may also be a risk factor for the acquisition of HIV-I (M Laga et al, sixth international conference on AIDS, San Francisco, 1990).Surveillance of gonorrhoea in women may provide both an indication for assessing the potential for spread of HIV-I in the heterosexual community and a measure of safe sexual practice.
Mode of Action of Chlorophenoxyisobutyric Acid on Cholesterol Metabolism in Man
Authors: L. HORLICK, B. J. KUDCHODKAR, H. S. SODHI
Journal: Circulation (1971)

In short-term trials chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (CPIB) (Atromid-S) reduced the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in eight subjects with type II and IV hyperlipidemias to an equal extent. In these subjects, who were maintained on constant solid food diets, CPIB administration resulted in increased excretion of fecal neutral and acidic sterols in the type II subjects only. There was an immediate increase in specific activity of plasma cholesterol in seven of the eight subjects, and a reduced rate of fall of specific activity in many of the subjects. It is suggested that CPIB inhibits the synthesis of cholesterol in vivo, and that the subsequent fall in plasma cholesterol is responsible for the release of cholesterol with higher specific activity from tissues into the plasma pool.
Loss of Imprinting of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II (IGF2) Gene in Distinguishing Specific Biologic Subtypes of Wilms Tumor
Authors: J. D. Ravenel, K. W. Broman, E. J. Perlman, E. L. Niemitz, T. M. Jayawardena, D. W. Bell, D. A. Haber, H. Uejima, A. P. Feinberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: Loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) gene, an epigenetic alteration associated with expression of the normally silent maternal allele, was observed first in Wilms tumor. Although LOI has subsequently been detected in most adult tumors, the biologic role of LOI in cancer remains obscure. We analyzed the imprinting status of Wilms tumors with respect to pathologic subtype, stage, and patient's age at diagnosis and examined the expression of genes potentially affected by LOI. Methods: Of 60 Wilms tumors examined, 25 were informative for an ApaI polymorphism in the IGF2 gene, allowing analysis of allele-specific gene expression, and could be classified by pathologic subtype. Gene expression was measured quantitatively by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and pathologic analysis was blinded for genetic status. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: We observed LOI of IGF2 in nine (90%) of 10 Wilms tumors classified as having a pathologic subtype associated with a later stage of renal development and in only one (6.7%) of 15 Wilms tumors with a pathologic subtype associated with an earlier stage of renal development (P<.001). LOI was associated with a 2.2-fold increase (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-fold to 3.1-fold) in IGF2 expression (P<.001). Children whose Wilms tumors displayed LOI of IGF2 were statistically significantly older at diagnosis (median = 65 months; interquartile range [IQR] = 47–83 months) than children whose tumors displayed normal imprinting (median = 24 months; IQR = 13–35 months; P<.001). Conclusions: These data demonstrate a clear relationship between LOI and altered expression of IGF2 in Wilms tumors and provide a molecular basis for understanding the divergent pathogenesis of this cancer. Analysis of LOI could provide a valuable molecular tool for the classification of Wilms tumor.
Survey of Pupils in Schools for Physically Handicapped in London
Authors: W. T. Palmer, D. Pirrie
Journal: BMJ (1958)

and personality, length of stay in hospital, family care, availability of day and boarding  schools, transport, size of classes, and types of buildings of near by  ordinary  schools. In recent years there has been a demand for the admission to ordinary schools of children who would previously have been regarded as too severely handicapped for anything but a special school. At the same time there are now in the special schools many children who in previous years would have been regarded as too seriously crippled for life out
The Best of Medical Humor: A Collection of Articles, Essays, Poetry, and Letters Published in the Medical Literature
Authors: Frederick L. Glauser
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The essence of<i>The Best of Medical Humor</i>was captured for me by the following scenario: upon entering my office I found Michael Hirsch, MD, one of our chief residents, audibly guffawing (can one inaudibly guffaw?) over the second edition of Howard J. Bennett's book. Since numerous double-blind, crossover, randomized, doubletailed, doublespeak studies have shown that only 12.453% (<i>P</i>&lt;.00001) of chief residents (defined by Dr Bennett as those who skip medical articles entirely and read the classified ads) have any sense of humor, and Dr Hirsch does not fall into this minority, I felt vindicated in my professional opinion that this is a wonderfully entertaining book and a seminal reference for medical humor. Dr Bennett's book so inspired Dr Hirsch that he composed the following epic doggerel: Though the drug reps are boring, and their data are crude, you know you'll keep listening as long as there's food. After
Quality of Life and Health: Concepts, Methods and Applications
Authors: R. Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Irene Guggenmoos-Holzmann, Kim Bloomfield, Harvey Brenner, Uwe Flick Blackwell, Berlin, £39.50, pp 193 ISBN 3 89412 214 5

Various different trends have encouraged the assessment of quality of life in health care. Governments have increasingly sought evidence of the benefits to patients of the health services for which they are responsible. The pharmaceutical industry has recognised a novel method of promoting therapeutic effects. Patients increasingly expect information about the personal consequences of illness and treatments. The social and statistical sciences have developed simple methods for obtaining reproducible data about subjective experiences.

The resulting explosion of questionnaires and interview schedules assessing health related quality of …
Enhancing mechanism of intestinal absorption of highly lipophilic compounds using microemulsion – Quantitative analysis of the partitioning to the mesenteric lymph in intestinal cells
Authors: Kazunori Iwanaga, Yoichi Higashiyama, Makoto Miyazaki, Masawo Kakemi
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of the fatty acid alkyl-chain length of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) glyceryl ester, which was used as a microemulsion oil component, on the partitioning of highly lipophilic compounds to the mesenteric lymph after oral administration. Oil blue N, a highly lipophilic anthraquinone derivative, was orally administered to lymph duct-cannulated and untreated rats in two kinds of different microemulsions. Gelucire® 50/13 and Gelucire® 44/14 were used as the oil component with long chain and medium chain fatty acid portions, respectively, of PEG glyceryl esters in microemulsions. The cumulative amount of oil blue N in lymph fluid was almost the same between the two microemulsions, although the transferred amount of oil component (triglyceride) in the lymph after administration of the Gelucire® 50/13 microemulsion was significantly higher than that of the Gelucire® 44/14 microemulsion. On the other hand, the solubility of oil blue N in Gelucire® 44/14 was much higher than that in Gelucire® 50/13. No significant differences were observed between microemulsions in the bioavailability of oil blue N. From these data, the partitioning of oil blue N to the lymph was calculated using a mathematical model, showing that the partitioning ratios of oil blue N to the lymph fluid were almost the same for both microemulsions. The solubility of oil blue N to the oil component of the microemulsions and the transfer of triglycerides to the lymph after administration of the microemulsions counteract each other, leading to similar partitioning ratios of oil blue N to the lymph.
Tragedy in a heartbeat: malfunctioning desmin causes skeletal and cardiac muscle disease
Authors: Lev G. Goldfarb, Marinos C. Dalakas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Muscle fiber deterioration resulting in progressive skeletal muscle weakness, heart failure, and respiratory distress occurs in more than 20 inherited myopathies. As discussed in this Review, one of the newly identified myopathies is desminopathy, a disease caused by dysfunctional mutations in desmin, a type III intermediate filament protein, or αB-crystallin, a chaperone for desmin. The range of clinical manifestations in patients with desminopathy is wide and may overlap with those observed in individuals with other myopathies. Awareness of this disease needs to be heightened, diagnostic criteria reliably outlined, and molecular testing readily available; this would ensure prevention of sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias and other complications.
Arterial repair after stenting and the effects of gm6001, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
Authors: Chris Li, Warren J Cantor, Nafiseh Nili, Ranga Robinson, Louis Fenkell, Yen L.e Tran, Heather A Whittingham, Winston Tsui, Asim N Cheema, John D Sparkes, Kenneth Pritzker, Daniel E Levy, Bradley H Strauss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals a Novel NSCLC ALK F1174V Mutation and Confirms ALK G1202R Mutation Confers High-Level Resistance to Alectinib (CH5424802/RO5424802) in ALK-Rearranged NSCLC Patients Who Progressed on Crizotinib
Authors: Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Michele Azada, David J. Hsiang, June M. Herman, Tatiana S. Kain, Christina Siwak-Tapp, Cameron Casey, Jie He, Siraj M. Ali, Samuel J. Klempner, Vincent A. Miller
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)

Acquired secondary mutations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene have been identified in ALK-rearranged (ALK+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who developed disease progression while on crizotinib treatment. Here, we identified a novel secondary acquired NSCLC ALK F1174V mutation by comprehensive next-generation sequencing in one ALK+ NSCLC patient who progressed on crizotinib after a prolonged partial response to crizotinib. In a second case, we identified a secondary acquired ALK G1202R, which also confers resistance to alectinib (CH5424802/RO5424802), a second-generation ALK inhibitor that can inhibit ALK gatekeeper L1196M mutation in vitro. ALK G1202R is located at the solvent front of the ALK kinase domain and exhibits a high level of resistance to all other ALK inhibitors currently in clinical development in vitro. Comprehensive genomic profiling of resistant tumor is increasingly important in tailoring treatment decisions after disease progression on crizotinib in ALK+ NSCLC given the promise of second-generation ALK inhibitors and other therapeutic strategies.
In Vivo Staining of Gastric Mucosa: Its Application to Endoscopic Diagnosis of Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: K. Ida, Y. Hashimoto, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

The stain phenomenon of the gastric mucosa was examined by the indirect dye scattering method with methylene blue and the following results were obtained: 1. The stain phenomenon of the gastric mucosa with methylene blue is a certain in vivo staining based on intake of the dye to the layer of surface epithelial cells. 2. The stained region is generally located in the pyloric gland area and intestinal metaplasia is stained selectively. Therefore, it may be said that the in vivo staining method with methylene blue provides precise endoscopic diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia, which was almost impossible to be diagnosed by the usual endoscopy. 3. The staining frequency was 65.6%, showing an increase with age. The frequency was high on patients with gastric polyp, advanced gastric cancer and the scar of gastric ulcer. Ninety percent of the stained region belonged to antral type in which the antral region was mainly stained. The others belonged to intermediate type in which staining ranged to the neighbourhood of the upper boundary of the pyloric gland area. 4. The stained patterns were classified into granular and depressed type. In former type granules were stained and in latter type the small depressed regions between the granules were stained. The former type occupied 83% of the whole, and granular-antral type was considered as the most common staining patterns of the gastric mucosa.
Mild thalassemia: the result of interactions of alpha and beta thalassemia genes
Authors: Yuet Wai Kan, David G. Nathan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Homozygous thalassemia is due to inherited unbalanced synthesis of the α- or β-chains of hemoglobin. Clinical severity may be in part related to the extent of α:β imbalance. Two families are presented that illustrate this concept. Thalassemia in these individuals was evaluated by clinical and genetic criteria. The relative rates of α- and β-chain synthesis in their reticulocytes were estimated by the extent of incorporation of 1-leucine—U-14C into the chains. Unusual combinations of clinical and hematological data and biosynthetic ratios were obtained in certain individuals which indicated the presence of combinations of α- and β-thalassemia genes. The propositus of the first family had mild Cooley's anemia and was believed to have one α- as well as two β-thalassemia genes. Presumably the α-thalassemia gene interfered with α-chain production which lead to less accumulation of α-chains and a reduced rate of intramedullary and peripheral hemolysis. In the second family two individuals were believed to have an α-thalassemia, a "silent carrier," and a β-thalassemia gene. Despite the fact that they appeared to have the genotype of hemoglobin H disease, their cells contained no hemoglobin H and had a normal lifespan presumably because excess β-chain production was inhibited by the β-thalessemia gene. These family studies suggest that the α:β imbalance observed in thalassemia may be favorably influenced by combinations of α- and β-thalassemia genes.
Studies of the Therapist's Role in the Treatment of the Schizophrenic Patient
Authors: BARBARA J. BETZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The relationship between the personality of the physician and that of the patient in determining the outcome of psychotherapy has been of interest to many investigators. Primary attention in this paper is paid to studies designed to identify qualities in the physician's personality that seem most likely to evoke favorable clinical response from schizophrenic patients. In one study, utilizing the Strong Vocational Interest Inventory, it was found that physicians scoring high in interest patterns for lawyer and Certified Public Accountant and low for printer and mathematics and physical science teacher were more successful in treating schizophrenic patients than physicians with inverse scores. A rationale for such findings is considered.