tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Prison Patient
Authors: Matthew D.S. Klein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

On Being a Doctor15 October 1997The Prison PatientMatthew D.S. Klein, MDMatthew D.S. Klein, MDFrom Bridgton, ME 04009.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_Part_1-199710150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Bennett drove to the state prison in the last moments before dawn. A second-year resident went to the prison at this promising hour every day of the year, and Bennett liked the drive. Long before other cars lit up the freeway with a dazzling headlight show, Bennett rolled his pickup truck down the entrance ramp and onto the empty night road. He kept his window down to touch and breathe the air. When he switched lanes, his turn signal blinked through the blue night like a satellite, and Bennett rocketed toward the great floodlit towers of the prison, glowing in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Bridgton, ME 04009.Corresponding Author: Matthew D.S. Klein, MD, 103 South High Street, Building B, Bridgton, ME 04009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe role of prudent love in the practice of clinical medicine 15 October 1997Volume 127, Issue 8_Part_1Page: 648-649 Issue Published: 15 October 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
LAG-3, TGF-β, and cell-intrinsic PD-1 inhibitory pathways contribute to CD8 but not CD4 T-cell tolerance induced by allogeneic BMT with anti-CD40L
Authors: Carrie L. Lucas, Creg J. Workman, Semir Beyaz, Samuel LoCascio, Guiling Zhao, Dario A. A. Vignali, Megan Sykes
Journal: Blood (2011)
Author Response to Comment on “Characterization of Circulating Endothelial Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction”
Authors: Samir Damani, Eric Topol
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

A substantial number of patients with the appropriate clinical phenotypes must be studied to disprove previous findings that circulating endothelial cell counts and morphology can predict atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
Endoscopy Versus Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Staging Reflux Esophagitis
Authors: G. C. Caletti, A. Ferrari, S. Mattioli, R. Zannoli, M. P. Di Simone, P. Bocus, G. Gozzetti, L. Barbara
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Precise staging of reflux esophagitis is very important for therapeutic decisions; in fact, chronic gastroesophageal reflux may cause transmural inflammation that leads to fibrosis with loss of esophageal wall compliance. In reflux esophagitis, endoscopic staging is limited to mucosal injury, while endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is able to visualize changes in the layer structure and localized or diffuse thickenings of the esophageal wall. In order to evaluate the usefulness of EUS in reflux esophagitis, a prospective study of 31 patients and ten normal subjects was performed. Endoscopic reflux esophagitis was staged as: E1 (erythema, n = 7), E2 (erosions, n = 13), E3 (ulcers, n = 11). EUS findings were recorded and evaluated at five different levels, starting from the gastroesophageal junction, using a quantitative method, the center line method. With this method, the sectorial and mean thickness, and area were calculated for each level. There was a significant difference between patients with reflux esophagitis and normal subjects in our study. E3 patients showed a significant upward involvement of the wall far from the visible lesions. Mild esophagitis may also cause esophageal wall thickening, involving even the entire wall. There was no correlation between the onset time of symptoms and the degree of thickening. In conclusion, EUS seems to be an important supplement to endoscopy in staging reflux esophagitis, as the progression of the inflammation is not related to the endoscopic findings.
Abstract 3578: A novel and selective 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 inhibitor, PF-5177624, blocks insulin-like growth factor-1 induced tumorigenesis in breast cancer cells
Authors: Sangita M. Baxi, Marlena Walls, Sean Murphy, Jacques Ermolieff, Tod Smeal, Min-Jean Yin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate membrane phosphatidylinositides to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3); PIP3 serves as an important secondary messenger recruiting and activating proteins that contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain including AKT and 3’-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1). PDK1 is a 63-kDa Ser/Thr kinase with a catalytic domain near its N-terminus and a pleckstrin homology domain at its C-terminus. The PH domain is necessary for targeting PDK1 to the plasma membrane to phosphroylate the T-loop sites of numerous substrates such as AKT at the residue threonine-308 (T308). The phosphorylation at both T308 and the serine-473 residue by mTORC2, fully activates AKT to induce the downstream signaling pathways that are important for tumor progression. PDK1 also has been shown to phosphorylate p70S6K, isoforms of PKCs, and many other kinase substrates. The oncogenic activity of aberrant PI3K pathway signaling through PDK1 has been extensively validated. PDK1 is highly expressed in a majority of human breast cancers and cell lines, and elevated phosphorylation of PDK1 was associated with PIK3CA mutations in human breast tumors and cell lines. Therefore, targeting PDK1 in the PI3K/AKT pathway may provide an opportunity for breast cancer treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulates PDK1 activity and a specific and potent PDK1 inhibitor, PF-5177624, inhibits IGF-1 stimulated downstream signaling in breast cancer cells, including a reduction in phosphorylation of both AKT (T308) and p70S6K. The inhibition of PDK1 activity through the IGF-1 axis is sufficient to induce in vitro anti-tumor activity in breast cancer cells such that PF-5177624 inhibits cell proliferation and cell transformation in breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that a specific and potent PDK1 inhibitor (PF-5177624) is likely to have antitumor activity in breast cancer cells and can be developed as a cancer drug for breast cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3578. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3578
Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Daniel C. William
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE ISOLATION of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>from the genitourinary tract and anal canal of persons tested for gonorrhea has been noted with increasing frequency. While urethritis, epididymitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease are usually associated with the gonococcus, two epidemiologically linked cases of these local complications occurred in sexual partners in whom<i>N meningitidis</i>of the indicated 29E serotype was isolated. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 19-year-old man came to the Ft Greene Social Hygiene Clinic complaining of a four-week history of an intermittent, scant, mucoid urethral discharge. There was no history of dysuria. Four weeks previously he had come to the same clinic with similar complaints. At this initial visit, findings of his physical examination were normal. A urethral smear showed no polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and a culture for gonorrhea and a VDRL test for syphilis were both negative. On the subsequent visit four weeks later, a scant urethral discharge was
726-6 Diastolic Left Ventricular Function Improves in Patients with Healed Myocarditis Compared to Patients with Ongoing Myocarditis
Authors: Christiana M. Schannwell, Igor Janda, Uwe Kuhl, Nicola Roediger, Otto N. Krogmann, Markus Jacob, Heinz-P. Schultheiss, Bodo E. Strauer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Alternatives to Hospitalization for Psychiatrically Ill Geriatric Patients
Authors: ELIZABETH MARKSON, ADA KWOH, JOHN CUMMING, ELAINE CUMMING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

A comparison of the fate of screened and unscreened elderly psychiatric patients in New York State showed that a very mixed group of patients is referred to psychiatric facilities, but for most of them mental hospitalization is not the treatment of choice. The study also suggested that neither was the nursing home the most suitable solution. If crisis resolution and continuing support in the community were provided, the authors suggest, the aged would be better served.
Venetian Blind Cords A Hazard to Small Children
Authors: F. P. Bornstein
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Few events are of as painful an impact as when a mother, having left a small healthy child by itself, finds it dead upon her return, often after only a very short absence. Most of these incidents belong in the nebulous territory of crib deaths; however, a few can be analyzed and prevented.  In the last few years, I have observed two cases which represent definitely preventable accidents. In each case, the child involved was between 1 and 1 1/2 years old, able to stand up and move around but obviously well taken care of in a crib. In both cases, the crib was placed directly against a window which was provided with a venetian blind. The loop of the blind was hanging into the crib and offered the child a distinct temptation to pull and play. Both children were left by their mothers in excellent condition
Role of lndium-111 Chloride Imaging in Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: RAJENDRA KUMAR, LEONARD E. SWISCHUK, MELVYN H. SCHREIBER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

lndium-111 chloride imaging plays an important role in differentiating intracortical osteoid osteoma from chronic cortical abscess. The study also may be useful in the detection of intramedullary osteoid osteoma. Four patients who greatly benefited from indium-111 chloride imaging are presented.
Effects of rare earth elements on growth and metabolism of medicinal plants
Authors: Chunhong Zhang, Qianquan Li, Muxin Zhang, Na Zhang, Minhui Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

The rare earth elements (REEs) are a set of 17 chemical elements. They include the lanthanide series from lanthanum (La) to lutetium (Lu), scandium (Sc), and yttrium (Y) in the periodic table. Although REEs are used widely in industry and agriculture in China for a long time, there has been increasing interest in application of REEs to medicinal plants in recent years. In this paper, we summarize researches in the past few decades regarding the effects of REEs on the germination of seeds, the growth of roots, total biomass, and the production of its secondary metabolites, as well as their effects on the absorption of minerals and metals by medicinal plants. By compilation and analysis of these data, we found that REEs have promoting effects at low concentrations and negative effects at comparatively high concentrations. However, most studies focused only on a few REEs, i.e., La, cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd) and europium (Eu), and they made main emphasis on their effects on regulation of secondary metabolism in tissue-cultured plants, rather than cultivated medicinal plants. Advanced research should be invested regarding on the effects of REEs on yields of cultivated plants, specifically medicinal plants.
S138 Nanodiamond Delivery Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promotes Fetal Lung Development In A Rat Model Of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: N. Al-Juffali, S. Loukogeorgakis, J. Jimenez, P. Maghsoudlou, J. Toolen, P. Carmeliet, J. Deprest, P. De Coppi, S. Janes
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3></h3> Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental diaphragmatic anomaly resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia and consequent pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure sequelae. Despite advances in treatment, CDH remains associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Reduced levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been implicated in CDH pathogenesis. Animal studies have shown that intrauterine VEGF replacement enhances pulmonary vascularisation and lung epithelial cell proliferation. This study aimed to deliver VEGF through the engineering of a biocompatible and slow releasing nanodiamond (ND) platform, in a rat model of CDH. NDs were either fluorescently labelled (ND-FL) or conjugated to recombinant VEGF164 (ND-VEGF; 2 μg/mL VEGF164). Nitrofen was administered to pregnant Wistar rats at E9 (term=E22) to induce fetal CDH. At E19, maternal hysterotomy was performed, and NDs (75 μg/mL in 50 μL vehicle/saline) were administered intratracheally followed by fetal tracheal occlusion (TO). Blinded assessment of lung-to-body weight ratio (LBWR) and lung morphometric parameters was performed at E21.5 in CDH offspring. Prenatal ND administration did not have overt adverse effects. ND-FL biodistribution indicated that NDs localised in type II pneumocytes. ND-VEGF+TO was associated with improved lung growth (LBWR: 5.9 ± 0.2%), which was greater than that observed in VEGF+TO (3.5 ± 0.4%; p &lt; 0.01), vehicle+TO (3.9 ± 0.1%; p &lt; 0.01), and sham surgery (2.0 ± 0.2%; p &lt; 0.001) groups. Moreover, ND-VEGF+TO resulted in thinner alveolar septa (mean transection length/airspace: 18.9 ± 0.5) and increased alveolar size (mean airspace chord length: 31.4 ± 0.6) compared to other treatment groups (p). This is the first study to show that nanoparticle-mediated prenatal delivery of VEGF induces significant lung growth in CDH and suggests that sustained cargo release is pivotal in mimicking the temporal expression of VEGF in normal lung development.
Better Diet Quality and Decreased Mortality Among Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Authors: Shanshan Li, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Alan Flint, Jennifer K. Pai, John P. Forman, Frank B. Hu, Walter C. Willett, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Eric B. Rimm
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

IMPORTANCEInformation about diet after myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality is limited
Human Recombinant Histamine-Releasing Factor (HRF) Enhances Ovalbumin (OVA)-Induced Lung Allergic Inflammation in Inducible Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Y. Yeh, L. Xie, J.M. Langdon, S. Oh, Z. Zhu, S.M. MacDonald
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
PATHOLOGY OF PHTHISIS PULMONAUS.A Lecture delivered at the Post-Graduate Medical School of Chicago January 23, 1891.
Authors: HENEAGE GIBBES
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<i>Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen:</i>—I must first say that when I left home last evening I was not aware of what was before me; I have not come prepared to make a set speech this evening, and if you find what I say rather disconnected, I hope you will excuse me. What I want to say in connection with this subject is on the part of the pathology and etiology of the disease, and how we have arrived at the place we now are, in which we consider we have done something towards curing the disease called consumption; I use the word consumption in the generic sense as applied to those diseases that are found associated with consolidation and decay of the lungs, together with wasting and emaciation of the body. We know that in making a post-mortem examination of a case of disease of the lungs we find a
Consistency in anaesthetic care: European practice may not be relevant to the United Kingdom
Authors: U. Panchagula
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–Simini and Bertolini describe European practice that may not be relevant to the United Kingdom.1 For example, in the Netherlands doctors (internists) are under economic pressure to assess patients independently, in that they can charge the ziekenfonds (insurance company). In Groningen, although it was uncommon for the assessing anaesthetist to go on to …
Hodgkin's disease in patients with HIV infection and in the general population: Comparison of clinicopathological features and survival
Authors: D. Errante, V. Zagonel, E. Vaccher, D. Serraino, D. Bernardi, R. Sorio, M. Trovò, A. Carbone, S. Monfardini, U. Tirelli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)
842. Novel Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Cancer Gene Therapy
Authors: Devanand Sarkar, Zao-zhong Su, Paul B. Fisher
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Conditionally replication competent adenoviruses (CRCA) are being stringently evaluated for their ability to replicate selectively in cancer cells and induce oncolysis. However, recent clinical trials in different cancer indications demonstrate that oncolytic adenoviruses alone are not sufficient to significantly deter the precipitous course of the disease suggesting that additional approaches are necessary to bolster oncolysis by these agents. For replication competent adenoviruses to be successful for cancer treatment, they must replicate only in cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal tissues. The promoter region of Progression Elevated Gene-3 (PEG-Prom) has the unique ability to function selectively in cancer cells with minimum to no activity in normal cells. We have created several CRCA in which the expression of the E1A gene of Ad, necessary for replication, is under the control of PEG-Prom and which simultaneously express a cancer-specific tumor suppressor/immunomodulatory gene in the E3 region of the Ad. We have demonstrated that these CRCA display cancer cell specific replication, transgene expression and induction of apoptosis and necrosis without harming normal cells. Intratumoral injection of these CRCA completely eradicates both primary and distant (representative of metastasis) tumors in established human cancer xenografts in athymic nude mice. These novel CRCA might thus be effective tools to induce complete remission of cancers and need to be stringently evaluated in immunocompetent animal models of cancer and Phase I/II clinical trials for their effective translation for the actual treatment of cancer patients.
FDG PET for Giant Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Kotaro Shimada, Yuji Nakamoto, Hiroyoshi Isoda, Hiromi Saito, Shigeki Arizono, Toshiya Shibata, Kaori Togashi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver sometimes has a very inhomogeneous appearance with intratumoral degeneration on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and may mimic a malignant hepatic tumor, including angiosarcoma. There are many reports about F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake of angiosarcoma; however, knowledge regarding positron emission tomography findings with FDG for giant hepatic cavernous hemangioma is still limited. We herein present 2 cases of giant hepatic cavernous hemangioma in which low FDG uptake was considered helpful to differentiate from malignant hepatic tumor.
Circulatory Reflexes in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: O. Appenzeller, L. Descarries
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE role of systemic hypotension in the genesis of local cerebral ischemia is not clear. Denny-Brown and Meyer1 and Denny-Brown2 have shown that a temporary fall in systemic blood pressure can produce a significant reduction in blood flow in a diseased part of the vascular tree supplying the brain, leading to the so-called hemodynamic crisis, and suggested this to be a cause of transient ischemic attacks. However, hypotension induced by tilting to the vertical plane2 3 4 or by the use of ganglion-blocking drugs5 was not associated with transient symptoms due to local ischemia in patients with cerebrovascular disease.Smirk and Hodge . . .
Pioglitazone and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: A. Michael Lincoff, Kathy Wolski, Stephen J. Nicholls, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ContextPioglitazone is widely used for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but evidence is mixed regarding the influence of medications of this class on cardiovascular outcomes.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on ischemic cardiovascular events.Data Sources and Study SelectionA database containing individual patient-level time-to-event data collected during pioglitazone clinical trials was transferred from the drug's manufacturer for independent analysis. Trials were included if they were randomized, double-blinded, and controlled with placebo or active comparator.Data ExtractionThe primary outcome was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Secondary outcome measures included the incidence of serious heart failure. A fixed-effects approach was used to combine the estimates across the duration strata and statistical heterogeneity across all the trials was tested with the I2 statistic.Data SynthesisA total of 19 trials enrolling 16 390 patients were analyzed. Study drug treatment duration ranged from 4 months to 3.5 years. Death, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 375 of 8554 patients (4.4%) receiving pioglitazone and 450 of 7836 patients (5.7%) receiving control therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-0.94; P = .005). Progressive separation of time-to-event curves became apparent after approximately 1 year of therapy. Individual components of the primary end point were all reduced by a similar magnitude with pioglitazone treatment, with HRs ranging from 0.80 to 0.92. Serious heart failure was reported in 200 (2.3%) of the pioglitazone-treated patients and 139 (1.8%) of the control patients (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14-1.76; P = .002). The magnitude and direction of the favorable effect of pioglitazone on ischemic events and unfavorable effect on heart failure was homogeneous across trials of different durations, for different comparators, and for patients with or without established vascular disease. There was no evidence of heterogeneity across the trials for either end point (I2 = 0%; P = .87 for the composite end point and I2 = 0%; P = .97 for heart failure).ConclusionsPioglitazone is associated with a significantly lower risk of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke among a diverse population of patients with diabetes. Serious heart failure is increased by pioglitazone, although without an associated increase in mortality.
A South African man with renal failure and pulmonary shadowing
Authors: N. Chanchlani, E. Neale, P. B. Rylance
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 37 year old black South African man, who had been in the United Kingdom for about eight years, presented to the emergency department with a grand mal seizure that lasted 15 minutes. He had a one week history of feeling non-specifically unwell, a non-productive cough, and breathlessness, but no history of headaches, previous seizures, myalgia, arthralgia, adenopathy, or rashes. On examination, he had hypertension (177/108 mm Hg), tachycardia (102 beats/min), and a normal temperature (37.0°C). A chest examination was normal, as was the rest of the examination, and he was not dehydrated. Initial investigations showed raised creatinine (1949 µmol/L), urea (43 mmol/L), potassium (6 mmol/L), and C reactive protein (60 mg/L) concentrations. He was anaemic, with a haemoglobin of 93 g/L. Urinalysis showed proteinuria (3+) and haematuria (2+). In addition, arterial blood gases on air showed a metabolic acidosis (pH 7.29, partial pressure of oxygen 10.5 kPa, partial pressure of carbon dioxide 3.99 kPa, and base excess −11.2 mmol/L). Chest radiography was performed (fig 1⇓). He was started on intravenous antibiotics for his respiratory symptoms. According to local hospital guidelines, combination treatment with piperacillin and tazobactam (Tazocin), clarithromycin, and co-trimoxazole was given to cover bacterial, atypical, and opportunistic organisms. In view of the seizure, we performed computed tomography of the head and a lumbar puncture. Both were normal, and the patient’s uraemic state was thought to be the most likely the cause of his seizure. The raised urea, acidosis, and borderline hyperkalaemia were considered grounds for immediate haemodialysis and fluid removal.