tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serious Infection After Splenectomy for the Staging of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: MARIO RAVRY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Serious, life-threatening infection is a well-known complication in splenectomized patients, particularly in young persons and in patients with congenital asplenia. The incidence of this complication depends on the underlying disease. Splenectomy as part of the laparotomy staging of patients with Hodgkin's disease is now being done in our hospital and in other centers. Two patients with Hodgkin's disease who developed serious infections in the first year after splenectomy for staging of their disease are presented. Both had meningitis, caused by Diplococcus pneumoniae in one and by Hemophilus influenzae in the other. The latter patient subsequently developed septicemia with peritonitis due to Diplococcus pneumoniae.
Domain-specificity in folk biology and color categorization: Modularity versus global process
Authors: Robert E. MacLaury
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Universal ranks in folk biological taxonomy probably apply to taxonomies of cultural artifacts. We cannot call folk biological cognition domain-specific and modular. Color categorization may manifest unique organization, which would result from known neurology and the nature of color as an attribute. But folk biology does not adduce equivalent evidence. A global process of increasing differentiation similarly affects folk taxonomy, color categorization, and other practices germane to Atran's anthropology of science; this is beclouded by claims of specificity and modularity.
Effects of carotid artery occlusion on the pressor response induced by sustained isometric contraction in the cat
Authors: D. P SPARKS, D. J PAUL, C. A WILLIAMS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

The effects of clonidine, a central alpha2 agonist, on changes in blood pressure caused by muscle afferent nerve (ergoreceptor) activation and baroreceptor manipulation were studied in cats. Prolonged isometric contractions (ergoreceptor activation) of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles increased mean arterial pressure by 53 mmHg. This pressor response was not altered by naloxone (0.5 μmol·litre−1) but was eliminated by clonidine (0.5-2.0 μg) when injected into the cerebral aqueduct. Brief occlusion of the carotid artery (15-30 s) caused mean arterial pressure to increase by 32-42 mmHg at rest. Neither naloxone nor clonidine altered the magnitude of the reflex pressor response to carotid occlusion. Similar increases in pressure were measured when occlusion was applied during fatiguing isometric contractions; thus baroreceptor induced increases in pressure were superimposed on the ergoreceptor induced blood pressure changes. Naloxone did not affect the changes in pressure caused by either reflex response. Clonidine continued to eliminate the pressor response to muscular contraction but did not affect the pressure increase when the carotid occlusion was applied during contractions. Electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve caused blood pressure to decrease by 36 mmHg during rest and by 41 mmHg during fatiguing isometric contractions. Clonidine did not alter the depressor response to carotid sinus nerve stimulation. These data may indicate that separate pathways centrally mediate the changes in blood pressure caused by ergoreceptor and baroreceptor afferent activation. The integration of the ergoreceptor pathway may involve a catecholaminergic-opioidergic system but the present results do not suggest a similar interaction for the baroreceptor integration.
Medical Assistants in Anaesthesia
Authors: J. A. Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEDIALJOUNAL 693these committees that the doctor can be shot at and abused with complete immunity.The G.P. knows it, and what is worse the patient knows it.The above question is the gravest and most urgent that faces us.It is far more important than the introduction of a salaried service (I have been an ardent advocate of this for the last 30 years) or increasing the payments -or changing to items of service or the implementation of the multiplicity of reports and working parties that have recently been showered on us.-I am, etc.,
The place of varenicline in smoking cessation treatment
Authors: P. Aveyard
Journal: Thorax (2008)

In this issue of Thorax Aubin and colleagues1 report a further trial from the Varenicline Phase III Programme ( see page 717 ). The trials supporting registration contrasted bupropion with varenicline in a double placebo design.2 3 This study examines the efficacy of varenicline against nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). In many countries, including the UK, bupropion is rarely used and NRT is the predominant treatment offered in general practices and in specialist smoking cessation clinics. It is not practical to obtain placebo NRT, so this trial was of an open-label design. This publication follows a study by Stapleton et al 4 with historical controls which showed that varenicline is superior to NRT in achieving abstinence and in reducing withdrawal phenomena such as urges to smoke and withdrawal symptoms.

Varenicline is licensed for smoking cessation around the world, but in the UK the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) makes decisions about whether the benefits from licensed medications are worth the costs and therefore whether such interventions can be used in the National Health Service (NHS). NICE approved varenicline in 2007,5 but many local primary care organisations have limited the use of varenicline by making it a second-line treatment choice. The main reason given is the lack of trial data against the key competitor, NRT, but many have felt that the main reason was actually cost. Varenicline costs slightly more per treatment course than NRT or bupropion and considerably more than nortriptyline, an effective6 but unlicensed medication. The trial by Aubin and colleagues showing that varenicline is more effective than NRT and the trials of varenicline versus bupropion mean that varenicline must be considered a first-line choice in smoking cessation treatment. The recently published NICE guidance on smoking cessation affirmed this view,7 and it should be …
Doctor in the Kitchen: Experiments on Sauce Béarnaise
Authors: D. M. Small, Michael Bernstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Intrigued by a recent article in Nature entitled "Interparticle Forces in Multiphase Colloid Systems: The resurrection of coagulated sauce Béarnaise,"* we, a lipid biochemist and a head chef at a local well known French restaurant, repaired to the kitchen to see if we could confirm the important observations reported in that communication.In a nutshell, the general theory applicable to the preparation of sauce Béarnaise concerns the dispersion of colloids in water systems. The stability of the dispersed particles depends upon having an adequate charge on the surface of the particle so that as particles approach, they repel each other, . . .
Development of the Lung
Authors: V. Chernick
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This book is a result of a symposium held in November 1965 at which eminent scientists from the fields of pediatrics, pathology, zoology, physiology, and physical chemistry were gathered. To paraphrase the chairman's remarks, this unique symposium made it possible for experts in many fields to contribute to a common discussion on the development of the lung. Indeed, the book contains much more than the title implies, for the subject matter ranges from a consideration of the electrochemical potential of water at different temperatures to developmental anatomy of the human lung. Thus it might have been more aptly titled "Developmental Pulmonary Physiology," but even this title seems an inadequate description of the scope of the text. The book is divided into five sections: phylogeny of the lung, ontogeny of the lung, the gas liquid interface, intrauterine gas exchange, and the start of breathing. Following each paper within a section, a
Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Nursing Homes, 1975 Through 1987
Authors: William C. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1991)

--To describe the epidemiology of foodborne disease outbreaks in nursing homes and to identify where preventive efforts might be focused.--Reports by state and local health departments of foodborne disease outbreaks occurring from January 1, 1975, through December 31, 1987.--Foodborne disease outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga, on standard investigation forms.--Each foodborne disease outbreak report was examined by an epidemiologist or statistician. Outbreaks were considered to have a known pathogen if confirmed by laboratory tests, and a known vehicle when an epidemiologic investigation implicated a specific food item.--From 1975 through 1987, 26 states reported 115 outbreaks of foodborne disease in nursing homes, causing illness in 4944 persons and death in 51. These outbreaks represented 2% of all reported foodborne disease outbreaks and 19% of outbreak-associated deaths in this period. Of 52 outbreaks with a known cause, Salmonella was the most frequently reported pathogen, accounting for 52% of outbreaks and 81% of deaths. Salmonella enteritidis outbreaks accounted for 56% of the Salmonella-associated deaths since 1981. The implicated food vehicles in S enteritidis outbreaks were made with eggs or prepared with equipment contaminated with eggs. Staphylococcal foodborne disease was the next most commonly identified cause, accounting for 23% of outbreaks.--Since the elderly are at high risk for serious morbidity from foodborne disease, nursing homes should practice careful food handling, preparation, and storage procedures; provide education for food handlers; and have active infection control programs to rapidly detect and control outbreaks of foodborne disease.
Late presentation of erythropoietic protoporphyria: case report and genetic analysis of family members
Authors: L. Berroeta, I. Man, D.R. Goudie, S.D. Whatley, G.H. Elder, S.H. Ibbotson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is an inherited disorder of haem biosynthesis caused by decreased activity of the enzyme ferrochelatase (FECH), which catalyses the insertion of iron into protoporphyrin, the last step in haem biosynthesis. Development of clinically overt EPP usually requires inheritance of a severe FECH mutation trans to a low-expression FECH variant (FECH IVS3-48C), which is present in 13% of the U.K. population. Reduced FECH activity leads to accumulation of protoporphyrin in various tissues. An excess amount of free protoporphyrin in the skin causes photosensitivity. EPP usually presents in early childhood or infancy, with painful burning and pruritus within minutes of light exposure. Onset of symptoms in adults is rare and often associated with acquired somatic mutation of the FECH gene secondary to haematological malignancy. Here we describe a patient with EPP, in whom the presenting clinical symptom, night-time itch, did not appear until middle age and who had an asymptomatic sister with the same FECH genotype.
The Art of Consultation — Hula-Hoop Syndrome — A Doctor's Lament
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE differing roles of the general practitioner and the consultant have long constituted one of the distinctive features of medical practice in this country. It is always the general practitioner who assumes direct care for patients in their homes, and the specialist or consultant is only called in for consultation. He may assume temporary care of patients during periods in the hospital, but he always returns them to the care of the general practitioner on their discharge.In the past it was usual for a man to graduate to the status of consultant after spending some years in general practice. . . .
Malignant Tumors of the Small Intestine
Authors: Michael Kyriakos
Journal: JAMA (1974)

TUMORS of the small intestine are uncommon, and account for less than 5% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms.<sup>1-3</sup>The malignant varieties cause about 750 deaths per year in the United States.<sup>4</sup> Malignant tumors of the small intestine are slightly more common in men than in women, with the peak age incidence in the fifth to sixth decades.<sup>5,6</sup>Regardless of tumor type, the symptoms are similar, with intermittent epigastric or periumbilical pain, intestinal bleeding, and signs of obstruction being the most common.<sup>1,5</sup>The nonspecificity of the symptoms, their chronic nature, and the difficulty of examining the small bowel roentgenographically, have unfortunately led to serious delays in diagnosis. The important point is that the malignant tumors are symptomatic in 90% of patients, and 75% of all<i>symptomatic</i>small-bowel tumors will be malignant.<sup>1,3,5</sup>A palpable abdominal mass is found in 40% of malignant tumors, and such a finding in
LOCAL INTRACORONARY ROSIGLITAZONE TREATMENT INDUCES A VASOPROTECTIVE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE AND COMPLETE REENDOTHELIALIZATION IN A PORCINE IN STENT-RESTENOSIS MODEL
Authors: Stefanie I. Utchil, Chantip Dang-Heine, Jens Klinowski, Diana Bö;sel, Carolin Deiner, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Klaus Pels
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
RISKS OF INTENSE, SPECIALIZED TRAINING AND GROWTH FOR INJURY IN YOUNG ATHLETES: A CLINICAL EVALUATION
Authors: N Jayanthi, L Dugas, D Fischer, J Pasulka, C LaBella
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background There is little data evaluating the risk for serious overuse injury in young athletes focusing on a single-sport or during growth spurts, in a clinical-based population. Objective To determine whether sports specialization, weekly training volumes, and growth rates are associated with increased risk for injury and serious overuse injury in young athletes. Design Case-control study. Setting Injured young athletes ages (7–18yr) were recruited from sports medicine clinics and compared to healthy controls from primary care clinics presenting for sports physicals in 2 medical centers. Participants There were 1206 participants (50.7% male) who were evaluated at baseline while longitudinal follow up data collection for up to 3 years is ongoing at time of submission. Risk factor assessment Independent variables included hours/week of organized sports, free play, gym, sports specialization, and growth rate. Main outcome measurements Dependent variables included total injuries, acute injuries, overuse injuries, and serious overuse injuries. Results Injured athletes were older than uninjured athletes (14.1 +/−2.1 vs. 12.9 y/o +/−2.6, P&lt;.001) and reported a higher avg. hrs/wk playing organized sports (11.3+/−6.9 vs. 9.4 +/−8.2 hr, P&lt;.001). Picking a main sport to focus on one sport was an independent risk factor for injury even after adjusting for hrs/week in total sports activity and age (OR 1.48 P&lt;.05). Young athletes participating in more sports hrs/wk than their age (P&lt;.05) and participating in&gt;2 times organized sports:free play were more likely to have a serious overuse injury (P=.001). Annual calculated growth rates did not impact injury status (4.76 vs 4.79 cm/yr,injured vs. uninjured respectively). Conclusions Injured young athletes are older, spend more time in organized sports, and specialize. Our data support the need for counseling young specialized athletes as to the risks for overuse injury.
1011-106 One-minute heart rate recovery after cycloergometer-exercise test as a predictor of mortality in a cohort of 1,420 real-life exercise test candidates: Substantial differences with the treadmill derived parameter
Authors: Nicola Gaibazzi, Nicola Petrucci, Vigilio Ziacchi, Ospedale Civile
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
RADIOIMMUNODETECTION STUDIES OF PROSTATE, COLON AND T-CELL LYMPHOMA TUMORS USING In-111 LABELED MONOCLONAL ANTITUMOR ANTIBODIES (In-111-MoAb); PRELIMINARY STUDIES
Authors: Samuel E. Halpern, Robert O. Dillman, Kathryn F. Witztum, Phillip L. Hagan, Jacquelyn B. Dillman, Maureen L. Clutter, James M. Frincke, Richard M. Bartholomew, Gary S. David, Dennis J. Carlo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The purpose of these pilot studies was to determine if prostate carcinoma (PC), colon carcinoma (CC), and cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma (CTCL) could be detected using the In-111-MoAbs described below. Murine IgG MoAbs targeted against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and an antibody that often recognizes CTCL (MAT-65) were labeled with In-111, and administered (Ad) intravenously to patients (PT) with PC, CC and CTCL respectively. One mg or less of MoAb was labeled with 1.5 – 5.0 mCI of In-111 in a total MoAb dose of 1–5 mg of anti-PAP, 0.5 mg of anti CEA, and 50 mg of MAT-65. All the MoAbs were infused over a two hour period. In one CTCL case, In-111-MoAb was Ad prior to, and a few weeks later, after a 50 mg dose of unlabeled MoAb. The infusion of In-111-MoAb followed a 50 mg infusion of unlabeled MoAb in the second CTCL case. Normal prostate tissue was visualized in 3 of 5 PT and 2 of the bone metastases imaged. Metastases from CC were visualized in 1 of 3 PTS. Outstanding definition of lymph nodes was achieved in CTCL, and the sequence of Ad markedly altered in the in-vivo kinetics of the In-111-MoAb. Some toxicity was observed in CTCL PTS, however, anti PAP and anti CEA were not toxic. We conclude that the above MoAbs will target tumor, and that further clinical trails with higher quantities of anti-PAP and CEA protein are warranted.
Sympathetic Stimulation Overrides Flow-Mediated Endothelium-Dependent Epicardial Coronary Vasodilation in Transplant Patients
Authors: Eduardo Aptecar, Patrick Dupouy, Christophe Benvenuti, Jean-Philippe Mazzucotelli, Emmanuel Teiger, Herbert Geschwind, Alain Castaigne, Daniel Loisance, Jean-Luc Dubois-Rande
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Abnormal coronary vasomotor responses have been described in transplant patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the graft epicardial vasomotor responses to different stimuli that increase coronary blood flow. Methods and Results Twelve heart transplant recipients with angiographically normal epicardial coronary arteries were compared 2.7±1.2 months after surgery with 6 control subjects. Coronary flow velocity was measured with a guidewire Doppler. Coronary diameter changes of the proximal and midportion of the left anterior descending coronary artery were assessed by quantitative coronary angiography during rapid atrial pacing, cold pressor test, supine exercise, and subselective infusion of papaverine and after intracoronary injection of linsidomine (SIN-1). Catecholamine plasmatic levels were determined at the different stages of the protocol. In 6 other transplant patients, a cold pressor test was performed before and after intracoronary infusion of phentolamine (10 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 ). Coronary flow velocity increased significantly in both groups during each phase of the protocol. In control subjects, dilation was observed in response to atrial pacing (8.7±7.6%; P &lt;.05), CPT (8.8±2.3%; P &lt;.01), exercise (14.5±9.4%; P &lt;.001), and papaverine infusion (14.2±6.1%; P &lt;.001) and after injection of SIN-1 (26.8±11.9%; P &lt;.001). In transplant patients, similar dilation was observed during atrial pacing (8.2±8.3%; P &lt;.05) and papaverine infusion (14.6±7.8%; P &lt;.001) and after SIN-1 (25.8±10.8%; P &lt;.001). CPT and exercise caused slight constriction (−3.5±4.5% and −2.7±10.5%, respectively; both P &lt;.001 versus control subjects). Norepinephrine plasmatic levels increased in both groups during CPT and exercise. Slight constriction during the cold pressor test (−4.5±9.6%) changed to dilation (6.8±7.0%) after α-blockade with phentolamine ( P &lt;.001). Conclusions These results show that flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation is preserved early after transplantation. Sympathetic stimulation, which overrides the endothelium-dependent mechanism, can be related to hypersensitivity to catecholamines due to denervation.
THE DIETETICS OF OBESITY.
Authors: ALFRED C. CROFTAN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The reduction of obesity is an important therapeutic task, not so much when considered in the light of a tribute to the vanity of the afflicted, but when regarded as a necessary step toward removing adipose tissue that is producing disagreeable or dangerous complications about important organs, notably the heart and arteries, the bronchi, the digestive apparatus and the nervous system. It will often be found that these complications only disappear when the fat is reduced. We see here similar conditions as in diabetes, where, too, many of the complications rapidly disappear when the sugar is reduced; whereas in diabetes, however, the causes that determine these complications are chemical, in obesity they are mechanical in character. The methods at our disposal for reducing obesity are chiefly dietetic. Second in importance is the regulation of the muscular exercise. These two means, singly or combined, usually suffice to accomplish the desired purpose,
Pneumothorax after Externalization of Cardiac-Pacemaker Wires
Authors: Leonard M. Linde, Donald G. Mulder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

AMONG recent advances in medicine the great strides in the cardiovascular field are entitled to a prominent position. These improvements in diagnosis and therapy have been accompanied by complications not previously seen.§ Iatrogenic disease is not new, but the recent availability of implantable cardiac pacemakers has resulted in a novel and preventable complication associated with their use.In particular, we wish to report the occurrence of pneumothorax after externalization of myocardial wires placed for the treatment of postoperative complete heart block. In addition, complications that occurred in the course of treatment are briefly described.Case ReportD.H., a 5-year-old girl, . . .
Postprandial osmotic and fluid changes in the upper jejunum after truncal vagotomy and drainage in man.
Authors: J G Temple, A Birch, R Shields
Journal: Gut (1975)

The changes in osmotic pressure and the degree of marked dilution in the jejunal lumen after a hypertonic meal, have been studied in patients after truncal vagotomy and drainage, with and without diarrhoea, using an intraluminal intubation technique. The results suggest that neither the emptying of a hyperosmotic load from the stomach, nor its subsequent dilution in the jejunum have an important role in post-vagotomy diarrhoea.
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 is essential for the beneficial effects of renal ischemic preconditioning on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Satoshi Nishioka, Daisuke Nakano, Kento Kitada, Tadashi Sofue, Hiroyuki Ohsaki, Kumiko Moriwaki, Taiga Hara, Koji Ohmori, Masakazu Kohno, Akira Nishiyama
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
TIMING AND CLINICAL SETTING OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH OR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION FOLLOWING PCI FOR ACS &amp;ndash; OBSERVATIONS FROM THE TRITON-TIMI 38 TRIAL
Authors: Benjamin Scirica, David Morrow, Elliott Antman, Marc Bonaca, Sabina Murphy, Eugene Braunwald, Stephen Wiviott
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)