tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies on the mechanism of action of progesterone in regulation of the synthesis of specific protein
Authors: Bert W. O'Malley, William L. McGuire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

To study the process of hormone action, we have developed an in vitro system utilizing minced oviduct from estrogen-treated chicks incubated in tissue culture medium. Progesterone added to the medium induced synthesis of a specific protein, avidin, that continued for up to 96 hr. During this period there was no increase in total oviduct protein, ovalbumin, or lysozyme, which suggests the specificity of the progesterone effect. The induction process was dependent on new protein synthesis, since cycloheximide inhibited the induction completely. Actinomycin D in doses that prevented nuclear RNA synthesis, but not general protein synthesis, inhibited avidin production 70-90%. Avidin synthesis was not affected by 5-fluorouracil. The rate of DNA synthesis examined by thymidine-(3)H pulse labeling was not stimulated during avidin induction. Hydroxyurea (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) and colchicine (a mitotic inhibitor) did not prevent induction. Studies utilizing uridine-(3)H pulses showed an effect on rapdly labeled nuclear RNA coincident with induction. Nuclear RNA polymerase activity increased before avidin induction. Since avidin was the only new protein synthesized in response to progesterone, the early stimulation of nuclear RNA synthesis and RNA polymerase activity would suggest a mechanism of action for this steroid at the transcription level of protein synthesis.
Biofilm Demolition and Antibiotic Treatment to Eradicate Resistant Helicobacter pylori: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Giovanni Cammarota, Giovanna Branca, Fausta Ardito, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Gianluca Ianiro, Rossella Cianci, Riccardo Torelli, Giovanna Masala, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Fadda, Raffaele Landolfi, Giovanni Gasbarrini
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
A SIMPLE METHOD OF TREATING COMPLETE SEVERANCE OF THE URETHRA COMPLICATING FRACTURE OF THE PELVIS
Authors: John K. Ormond
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Fracture of the pelvis is now a fairly common occurrence and is frequently complicated by rupture of the bladder or urethra and, at times, by complete severance of the bladder from the urethra. When this occurs the tear takes place at the point of exit of the urethra from the prostate, the gland itself with the prostatic urethra remaining attached to the bladder. In such cases immediate repair is urgently indicated, for if the repair is left till later the scar tissue and distortion resulting from the effects of the original trauma render a plastic operation difficult of performance and a stricture following the repair an almost inevitable sequel. For some years we have had under our care one such patient on whom Dr. Hugh Young had operated eleven years after his accident, obtaining a splendid result. The continuity of the urethra had been restored, allowing the cystostomy of eleven
Abstract 3747: Leukocyte LINE1 and Alu DNA methylation and gastric cancer risk in the Shanghai Women's Health Study cohort
Authors: Ying Gao, Wong-Ho Chow
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aberrant DNA methylation is a well-recognized feature of malignant epithelial component in human carcinomas. Recent data also suggested a link between blood leukocyte DNA methylation and cancer risk. However, data on DNA methylation from a prospective study, which may provide evidence for causality, are unavailable. We explored the association between methylation levels in two repetitive elements, i.e. Alu and LINE-1, in blood leukocyte DNA and gastric cancer risk in a case-control study nested in the Shanghai Women's Health Study cohort. A total of 213 incident gastric cancer cases and 426 age- and menopause status- matched controls were included in the study. Using prediagnostic DNA extracted from blood leukocytes, methylation of LINE1 and Alu were evaluated using bisulfate-pyrosequencing. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. Decreased Alu methylation was associated with increased gastric cancer risk at the lowest quartile (OR=1.85, 95%CI=1.10-3.11) compared to the highest quartile. We did not observe appreciable changes in the association with increasing interval between blood draw and cancer diagnosis or reference date for controls. Excluding the cases diagnosed within 1 year after study enrollment and their matched controls did not alter the results substantially. When stratified by potential effect modifiers, a significant interaction was observed with isoflavone intake (p=0.04), with a positive association between Alu methylation and gastric cancer risk restricted to individuals with high isoflavone intake. Associations with Alu were also strengthened among subjects with tea use and high intake of folate and fruit. Conversely, lower methylaiton levels of LINE1 were associated with slightly decreased, but not statistically significant, risk of gastric cancer. This prospective study suggests that DNA methylation of Alu in blood leukocytes may be inversely associated with risk of gastric cancer. The divergent associations with Alu and LINE1 raise the possibility that the role of DNA methylation in these two regions is different in gastric cancer etiology, and warrant further research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3747. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3747
Caring for HIV-Infected Women and Children
Authors: Margaret C. Heagarty, Elaine J. Abrams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

WHEN the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) first appeared in 1981, it was considered a disease of homosexual and drug-using men. Only later did it become evident that AIDS could also strike children and women.1 , 2 But attention to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in these groups still lags behind the attention given to the disease in men. Perhaps this is so because AIDS in children was not recognized at the outset of the epidemic, because the total number of infected women and children remains relatively small, or because women and children are a politically weak group in this country. . . .
Canadian Navy Dampens Smokers' Habit
Authors: Mark C. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Navy Surgeon General Hagen and Captains Stanley W. Bryant and Charles W. Moore of the USS Theodore Roosevelt are to be commended for the implementation of the Roosevelt's smoking ban. 1 However, the Canadian navy recently became the first navy worldwide to take comprehensive action on this serious public health issue.  Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada recently conducted a survey of smoking policies among the world's naval forces. Telephone interviews were carried out with consular military attaches and information officers in Ottawa, Ontario, and Washington, DC. None of the countries surveyed had comprehensive tobacco-free policies comparable to that of the policy announced by the Canadian navy on June 24, 1993.  The Canadian policy objective is to protect nonsmokers from the hazards of environmental tobacco smoke and to encourage smokers to quit smoking or at least reduce consumption. The policy will eliminate the exposure of all personnel to
Students Against Progress.
Authors: D. S. Fairchild
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Clinton, Iowa, Feb. 8, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> An editorial appeared inThe Journalfor January 20, on "Students Against Progress," which would make it appear that Iowa students were asking to be "exempted from a state examination." There are four medical schools in Iowa, and of that number only one asks for such exemption. A bill was introduced during the present session of the legislature, fostered by the State University, asking that the students of the medical department be exempted from the state board examinations. This measure was opposed by all the other schools, and has thus far been defeated. An amendment was offered which provided that a committee from the board shall visit the different schools at commencement time and conduct the examination in accordance with the provisions of the original medical act. This amendment to the original bill, which was reported favorably by the committee, passed the
Verification of Physician Credentials
Authors: Herbert Freilich
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently there have been a number of reports of bogus physicians who have surreptitiously received appointments to hospital medical staffs (<i>New York Times</i>, Oct 7, 1979). This is a serious matter that can affect patient care and has the potential for resulting in malpractice actions. Fortunately, a rigorous medical staff credentialing procedure can effectively prevent such a situation from occurring. Although the board of directors has the ultimate legal responsibility for all facets of hospital care, in practice, medical functions are delegated to the medical board. The preparation of appropriate medical staff by-laws and development of a strict appointment procedure tied into an effective credential committee ensures that qualified staff are provided for patient care. The application for appointment is a key document and should contain the pertinent facts of the applicant's background, including medical school, house staff training, Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) status,
Clinical Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Robert A. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This unorthodox textbook of gastroenterology emphasizes a rather varied clinical approach to gastrointestinal diseases, including decision-making skills and recognition of gastrointestinal symptoms. The book is divided into two sections: The first covers major presenting symptoms and signs in gastrointestinal and liver diseases. The second covers major diagnostic modalities, including organ-imaging, endoscopy, biopsy, and tests of gastrointestinal function. By placing more emphasis on selective topics such as the clinical interview, patient-physician interaction, and cost-effectiveness, there is less emphasis on pathophysiology and treatment of disease. Since the book is not all-encompassing and does not try to be a summary of the state of the art of gastroenterology, it has particular appeal to persons at less experienced levels in medicine whose patients have gastroenterological symptoms. It would be ideal for the medical student or generalist and those less experienced in internal medicine and gastroenterology, such as nurse practitioners. Some of the discussions on
Time Course of Diaphragm Injury and Calpain Activity During Resistive Loading
Authors: W. D. REID, ANGELO N. BELCASTRO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of arterial blood gas (ABG) deterioration, increased calpain activity, and diaphragm injury during 4 d of resistive loading. Adult Sprague– Dawley rats were divided into control (C) animals and groups that were tracheally banded (TB) for 1 d (TB1), 2 d (TB2), 3 d (TB3), and 4 d (TB4). In TB rats, the carotid artery was cannulated and the trachea was banded during anesthesia. TB groups (TB1, TB2, TB3, and TB4) had a 67% smaller internal cross-sectional area of the trachea than did C animals. ABG samples from awake rats showed a decreased arterial oxygen tension (PaO2 ) and a respiratory acidosis in the TB1, TB2, and TB3 groups. Calpain activity was higher in the diaphragm of TB than of C rats; calpainlike activities in soluble fractions of diaphragm tissue were greater in all TB groups than in C rats, whereas those in bound fractions were greater in the TB2 and TB3 groups. Point counting of hematoxylin and eosin-stained cross-sections showed that the area fraction (AA) of normal diaphragm was lower and the AA of abnormal muscle and connective tissue was higher in TB3 than in C rats. Increased resistive loading induced by tracheal banding was associated with hypercapnic ventilatory failure, increased calpain activity, and diaphragm injury. Ventilatory failure in response to resistive loading may be due to diaphragm injury and/or to decreased minute ventilation.
Does low dietary intake of linoleic acid predispose to myocardial infarction?
Authors: H C Simpson, J I Mann
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Thirty-two men who had recently had a myocardial infarction were matched individually for age with controls who had no evidence of heart disease. The patients had a significantly lower proportion of linoleic acid and a higher proportion of palmitic acid in their plasma triglyceride fatty acids. Analysis of the composition of red-cell membrane phosphatidyl choline, which reflects long-term dietary fat intake, showed a significantly lower proportion of linoleic acid in the patients.These differences suggest that the type of dietary fat consumed might be an important factor in the genesis of ischaemic heart disease.
Hypercarotenemia in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Martin A. Pops
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Twelve patients with anorexia nervosa and weight loss ranging from 25% to 44% of total body weight were studied with respect to aberrations in serum carotene levels. Hypercarotenemia was found in nine of the 12. Hypercarotenemia apparently has not been previously described in other forms of human starvation. Other conditions which may lead to disturbances in lipid metabolism and which have been associated with hypercarotenemia were ruled out. An abnormality in lipid metabolism in anorexia nervosa is suggested by these findings.
STREPTOCOCCUS ERYSIPELATIS TOXIN AND ANTITOXIN
Authors: HARRY A. SINGER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

We attempted to apply the Schulz-Charlton extinction phenomenon to erysipelas, using serum obtained from convalescent erysipelas patients. From 0.5 to 1 cc. was injected intradermally in the central portion of the zone of active inflammation, or in the advancing, raised, red border. Readings were made after six, twelve, eighteen and twenty-four hours. The results of fifty-five cases showed that distinct blanching, such as is produced in scarlet fever with scarlet fever convalescent serum, does not occur in erysipelas with any degree of consistency. Attempts to cause blanching of erysipelas lesions by means of 1 cc. of concentrated scarlet fever antitoxin (Dick) failed in all of ten trials. Although distinct localized blanching did not result from the inoculation of convalescent erysipelas serum, one was led to conclude that a beneficial effect of some degree followed its introduction into the skin. For example, quite frequently when the injection was made at an
Can mechanical balloon dissection be applied to cleave fibrotic submucosal tissues? A pilot study in a porcine model
Authors: A. Dobashi, K. Sumiyama, C. Gostout, T. Ohya, M. Kobayashi, H. Imazu, H. Tajiri
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Removal of a lesion containing an ulcer scar is one of the most challenging applications of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The present study examined whether a novel balloon dissector could cleave fibrotic submucosal tissue beneath ulcer scars. <b>Methods: </b>Six pigs were studied. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with ligation was performed at 7 or 8 sites in the stomach for each animal; 4 weeks later, 23 sites with a visible scar were selected for submucosal dissection. The procedure involved first creating a submucosal fluid cushion (SFC) by injecting either saline mixed with mesna or pure saline. A slender, compliant balloon with a diameter of 8, 13, or 18 mm was inserted into the SFC. The balloon was unfolded and thrust forward to cleave the fibrotic submucosa over approximately 5 cm. <b>Results: </b>Fibrotic submucosa was dissected within 90 seconds in 17 of 23 attempts. Isolating the ulcer scar from the muscularis with the SFC prior to balloon dissection and using a thinner balloon catheter both ensured a better dissection. <b>Conclusions: </b>The fibrotic submucosa underlying post-EMR scars can be dissected with the novel balloon dissector, although the technique is less effective in cases with no sign of lifting.
Brown's response: difficulties with "the balkans"
Authors: VJ Brown
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

s article (1) delivers further evidence that the United States is very far from Central Europe.The Balkans, as it is taught even in elementary schools in Europe, is a well-defined geographic area, including Romania, Bulgaria, the former Yugoslav Republics, Albania, and Greece.Its northern boundary is the Carpathian Mountains.Sometimes Turkey is also included because of its close political connections to the region.From historical aspects, the Balkans were traditionally the range of influence of the great powers, such as the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Russia, Italy, and the Ottoman and British Empires.The luxury of the insufficient knowledge on the geographic, ethnic, and cultural facts by the Western powers has caused irreparable damage and sorrow for the nations of this region up to now.The recent conditions of the Balkan countries are determined by these historical and geographic factors On a historical scale, the 40-year communist era was only a flash for the involved countries.Therefore, the arbitrary use of the term "Balkans" is not acceptable in an analysis of the roots of recent environmental and public health problems.Brown (1) wanted to evaluate the different consequences of communism, but obviously had difficulty selecting the target countries.Countries were also indicated as CEE (Central and Eastern European) states many times, which is confusing.We wish that Brown had compared the special problems of the former Eastern bloc regions [the Balkans and the Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, and the former Soviet republics)].It would have been a very interesting and encouraging paper.
Cerebral blood flow II
Authors: C. Triginer, A. Robles, M. A. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, R. Monforte, M. Báguena, L. L. Sánchez-Masa, A. Garnacho, C. S. De Deyne, J. I. Poelaert, T. Vandekerckhove, F. A. Colardyn, R. Diaz, C. Torres, A. Ayuso, M. Clavel, A. León, J. Robusté, M. Nolla, R. Priern, C. Cedzich, R. Schultheiß, K. Jensen, M. Freundlich, L. Bünemann, K. Therkelsen, H. Hansen, G. E. Cold, Corte F. Della, M. A. Pennisi, A. Giordano, A. Caricato, L. Patrignani, L. Balestra
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Sonic hedgehog mediates a novel pathway of PDGF-BB–dependent vessel maturation
Authors: Qinyu Yao, Marie-Ange Renault, Candice Chapouly, Soizic Vandierdonck, Isabelle Belloc, Béatrice Jaspard-Vinassa, Jean-Marie Daniel-Lamazière, Muriel Laffargue, Aksam Merched, Claude Desgranges, Alain-Pierre Gadeau
Journal: Blood (2014)
Results of first year (1989) of a national register of Down's syndrome in England and Wales.
Authors: D E Mutton, E Alberman, R Ide, M Bobrow
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To examine the feasibility of a national register of Down's syndrome and its effectiveness in evaluating prenatal screening for the syndrome.Information for the register was obtained from all eligible cytogenetic laboratories on relevant cytogenetic diagnoses, including date and place of birth or termination, maternal age, indication for karyotyping, and type of diagnostic test used.Cytogenetic laboratories in England and Wales.All fetuses with trisomy 21 diagnosed prenatally and live births with Down's syndrome diagnosed at birth.Number of prenatal and postnatal diagnoses of Down's syndrome. National and maternal age specific prevalence of Down's syndrome.For 1989 there were 1060 registrations--323 prenatal diagnoses and 737 postnatal diagnoses--after exclusion of postnatally diagnosed miscarriages and stillbirths. The estimated national rate of affected births for mothers resident in England and Wales was 1.4/1000 live births, assuming no terminations of affected pregnancies and after correction for natural losses which would have occurred in the absence of termination. The corrected maternal age specific rates were close to those found in previous population based studies. The proportion of affected pregnancies diagnosed prenatally in mothers aged 35 to 39 was 44%, and for those aged 40 or more it was 71%. Abnormal findings on ultrasonography played an unexpectedly important part in initiating cytogenetic investigation (13% of the prenatal diagnoses).The findings establish the feasibility of a national Down's syndrome register and its use in evaluating prenatal screening services. Together with information held by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys on congenital malformations, data from the register will permit studies of environmental variables affecting the prevalence of the syndrome.
The Clinical Use of Aldosterone Antagonists
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This symposium is the opening gambit for the introduction of a new drug. There is much to be said in favor of this type of curtain raiser, because highly competent investigators foregather to present what they think they know and stake out a few claims over what they don't know but hope to find out before the next symposium. This one follows the pattern. Twenty-three contributors discuss the physiology, pharmacology, and clinical use of the spirolactones but more especially, spironolactone (Aldactone), a synthetic antagonist to aldosterone. Inevitably, comparison with the mercurials and thiazide diuretics is in the minds of most physicians. So far, it appears that spironolactone has two advantages: it does not deplete the body of potassium, and, possibly, it augments the action of other diuretics. The results in decompensated hepatic cirrhosis appear to be good. Its action in reducing blood pressure in hypertension may or may not be
RA autoantibodies as predictors of rheumatoid arthritis in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients
Authors: Elizabeth Perry, Chris Stenton, Clive Kelly, Paul Eggleton, David Hutchinson, Anthony De Soyza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

The mechanisms underlying the strong association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and bronchiectasis were recently reviewed [1]. A literature review highlighted 289 reports of bronchiectasis associated with RA, with the respiratory symptoms preceding joint symptoms in 90% of the reports [2], strongly suggesting that the processes in bronchiectasis predispose to RA.

Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated antibody (anti-CCP) are integral in the initiation of RA. A Danish study (n=9712) observed that the baseline IgM RF was predictive of a significant, six-fold increased risk of RA development if the RF was two- to four-fold above the normal range [3]. Likewise, a strongly positive anti-CCP test significantly increases the risk of RA (OR 25) [4].

Two studies have investigated RF in bronchiectasis [5, 6] with no studies to date investigating anti-CCP. In our BRAC RA (Bronchiectasis, Asthma, Control, Rheumatoid Arthritis) study, a prospective, multicentre, case–control, observational study was conducted to determine the relationship between bronchiectasis and RF and anti-CCP. Recruitment was completed over 12 months using identical methodology and reviewed by the same researcher (E. Perry) with full ethical approval (Integrated Research Application System approval number 12324; Health Research Authority, London, UK). All recruited bronchiectasis patients were under respiratory specialist care, and had high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) evidence of bronchiectasis and a history of two or more respiratory infections per year. Key exclusion criteria included inflammatory arthritis, tuberculosis or other forms of lung disease. Cystic fibrosis was excluded using genotyping and sweat testing following British Thoracic Society guidelines. Asthma patients were identified from a database where the diagnosis had been confirmed by expert review. Healthy controls were matched with the asthma patients, where possible, for smoking history, age and sex. Anti-CCP measurement was undertaken by ELISA assays including …