tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Love at First Smell — The 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Authors: Peter Mombaerts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

I should think we might fairly gauge the future of biological science, centuries ahead, by estimating the time it will take to reach a complete, comprehensive understanding of odor. It may not seem a profound enough problem to dominate all the life sciences, but it contains, piece by piece, all the mysteries.— Lewis Thomas, New England Journal of Medicine, 1980In the spring of 1991, Linda Buck and Richard Axel reported a large family of rat genes that, they hypothesized, encoded odorant receptors.1 I was a graduate student at the time, and it was love at first sight for . . .
Pulsed electrical energy for soft-tissue injuries.
Authors: D P Photiades
Journal: BMJ (1972)

the red end of the spectrum at 655 my, the part in which differences due to varying melanin content are not obscured by varia- tions in the other components of skin pig- mentation, and it is well established that upon the amount of melanin present in the skin depends the penetration of ultraviolet radiation through it.It would be worth examining the skin colour of the subjects on whom Dr. Ford and his colleagues report and, indeed extending their study to other more deeply pigmented groups in Britain such as immigrants from the West Indies and Africa.Apart from the public health interest here it might prove possible to quantify the evolutionary sig- nificance of skin colour differences.
Gene therapy for asthma in a rat model with intratracheal instillation of plasmid encoding galectin-3 gene
Authors: C. Lahoz, V. del Pozo, M. Rojo, M. Rubio, E. Lopez, C. Martín-Mosquero, S. Gallardo, M. Ortega, E. Civantos, I. Cortegano, B. Cárdaba, G. Peces-Barba, P. Palomino, N. Gonzalez-Mangado
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Malpractice in Nineteenth-Century America: Origins and Legacy
Authors: Cyril H. Wecht
Journal: JAMA (1991)

"Dramatic advances in several areas of medicine" that have created unrealistically high expectations among patients and blurry standards of care, and an "ongoing erosion of traditional community customs" that has encouraged patients to challenge their physicians in court, are fundamental explanations for the wave of litigation that has "disrupted professional relations, injured individual reputations, and burdened physicians with legal fees and damage awards." So what else is new? Well, these observations certainly are not-they are used by the author, Kenneth A. De Ville, PhD, to describe the socioeconomic and political milieu in the United States in the 1830s and 1840s that led to an epidemic increase in medical malpractice cases 150 years ago! As Dr De Ville succinctly states, "The notion of medical malpractice suits as an essentially twentieth-century phenomenon is false." This is a fascinating and unique book that sheds much light and provides valuable insight for physicians today
Abstract 2019: Systolic Dyssynchrony is Present in Heart Failure with Narrow or Wide QRS, while Diastolic Dyssynchrony is Present Only in Heart Failure with Wide QRS in a Canine Model of Heart Failure
Authors: Takeshi Arita, Brandon Fornwalt, George P Sorescu, Brian T Schuler, Patrick Whalen, Laura S Schmarkey, Jacob Vinten-Johansen, Stamatios Lerakis, Angel Leon, Randolph P Martin, Dan Sorescu
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Adenosine-induced renal vasoconstriction in man
Authors: P. Marraccini, S. Fedele, M. Marzilli, E. Orsini, G. Dukic, L. Serasini, A. L'Abbate
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of adenosine on renal blood flow in humans. Methods: Eleven normotensive patients (mean age 53 ± 11 years) with normal renal angiograms were enrolled in the study. Arterial blood pressure, one ECG lead and arterial renal blood flow velocity, by intravascular Doppler catheter, were monitored throughout the procedure. Incremental doses(10−5, 10−4, 10−3, 2 × 10−3, 5 × 10−3, 10−2, 10−1, 1 mg) were selectively injected, at 5-min intervals, in a renal artery. Results: Adenosine administration had no significant effects on blood pressure, heart rate and atrio-ventricular conduction. A progressive reduction in renal blood flow velocity (from 16.36 ± 1.9 to 3.9 ± 0.8 cm/s, P < 0.0001) was observed. Following adenosine the decrease of flow velocity was immediate and its duration was proportional to dosage (from 0.3 ± 0.4 s at 10−5 mg to 31 ± 6.5 s at 1 mg). Renal angiography, repeated in four patients during flow velocity decrement, showed no changes in vessel diameter. Conclusions: Exogenous adenosine-induced a marked and transient reduction in renal blood flow in man. This effect suggests that adenosine or its metabolites may be directly implicated in rapid and powerful mechanisms of cardiac output redistribution. Thus endogenous adenosine could have a role in regulating renal blood flow in physiological and pathological situations like strenuous exercise, hemorrhage shock and cardiac failure.
Associations Between Subjective Social Status and<i>DSM-IV</i>Mental Disorders
Authors: Kate M. Scott, Ali Obaid Al-Hamzawi, Laura H. Andrade, Guilherme Borges, Jose Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida, Fabian Fiestas, Oye Gureje, Chiyi Hu, Elie G. Karam, Norito Kawakami, Sing Lee, Daphna Levinson, Carmen C. W. Lim, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, Michail Okoliyski, Jose Posada-Villa, Yolanda Torres, David R. Williams, Victoria Zakhozha, Ronald C. Kessler
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

The inverse social gradient in mental disorders is a well-established research finding with important implications for causal models and policy. This research has used traditional objective social status (OSS) measures, such as educational level, income, and occupation. Recently, subjective social status (SSS) measurement has been advocated to capture the perception of relative social status, but to our knowledge, there have been no studies of associations between SSS and mental disorders.To estimate associations of SSS with DSM-IV mental disorders in multiple countries and to investigate whether the associations persist after comprehensive adjustment of OSS.Face-to-face cross-sectional household surveys of community-dwelling adults in 18 countries in Asia, South Pacific, the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East (N=56,085). Subjective social status was assessed with a self-anchoring scale reflecting respondent evaluations of their place in the social hierarchies of their countries in terms of income, educational level, and occupation. Scores on the 1 to 10 SSS scale were categorized into 4 categories: low (scores 1-3), low-mid (scores 4-5), high-mid (scores 6-7), and high (scores 8-10). Objective social status was assessed with a wide range of fine-grained objective indicators of income, educational level, and occupation.The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed the 12-month prevalence of 16 DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and impulse control disorders.The weighted mean survey response rate was 75.2% (range, 55.1%-97.2%). Graded inverse associations were found between SSS and all 16 mental disorders. Gross odds ratios (lowest vs highest SSS categories) in the range of 1.8 to 9.0 were attenuated but remained significant for all 16 disorders (odds ratio, 1.4-4.9) after adjusting for OSS indicators. This pattern of inverse association between SSS and mental disorders was significant in 14 of 18 individual countries, and in low-, middle-, and high-income country groups but was significantly stronger in high- vs lower-income countries.Significant inverse associations between SSS and numerous DSM-IV mental disorders exist across a wide range of countries even after comprehensive adjustment for OSS. Although it is unclear whether these associations are the result of social selection, social causation, or both, these results document clearly that research relying exclusively on standard OSS measures underestimates the steepness of the social gradient in mental disorders.
Regulation of gene expression by interleukin-6 in fetal rat hepatocyte primary cultures: Role of epidermal growth factor and dexamethasone
Authors: Cesar Roncero, Isabel Fabregat, Manuel Benito
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Fetal rat hepatocytes incubated in the absence of hormonal signals, or under proliferative (presence of epidermal growth factor [EGF]) or differentiative (presence of dexamethasone) culture conditions, showed responsiveness to interleukin-6 (IL-6). Northern blotting analysis for some typical acute phase genes such as haptoglobin and other proteins not previously identified as acute-phase reactants, such as alpha-fetoprotein, beta 2-microglobulin, and fibronectin, showed a positive modulation by IL-6, in a dose-dependent manner. However, a well-characterized negative acute-phase reactant such as albumin was not responsive to IL-6. The well-established synergism between glucocorticoids and IL-6 on inducing transcription is absent in fetal hepatocytes. Conversely, the combination of IL-6 and EGF produced different patterns of expression, depending on the messenger RNA (mRNA) analyzed. Thus, EGF abolished the increased mRNA levels of haptoglobin caused by IL-6 but had no effect on other genes such as alpha-fetoprotein and fibronectin.
Endarterectomy in Carotid Artery Disease
Authors: Loren A. Rolak
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The conclusions and recommendations for patient selection for carotid endarterectomy advanced by Matchar and Pauker<sup>1</sup>cannot be accepted because they ignore the most important fact: carotid endarterectomy has never been shown to be of any value for any patient under any circumstances. The authors admit that the only randomized controlled trial of endarterectomy failed to show a benefit,<sup>2</sup>yet they use this 20-year-old study to estimate the efficacy of the procedure in modern patients. There is mounting evidence, such as that from the large, prospective, randomized controlled trial of extracranial-intracranial bypass,<sup>3</sup>that surgical revascularization is of no benefit in preventing stroke. Whether carotid endarterectomy is also of no benefit is unknown, but there is no scientific evidence of its effectiveness. The relative risks of this procedure in different types of patients are irrelevant when there are no clear benefits. I appreciate the authors' attempt
PTU-041 Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: a review of 20 cases
Authors: K Axe, C Ch'ng
Journal: Gut (2012)

Introduction Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP) is a life threatening condition occurring in the last trimester of pregnancy, its incidence is up to 1/1000 births1 and is commoner in primiparous women with male or twin pregnancies.2 It has features in common with HELLP syndrome, though coagulopathy, hypoglycaemia and polydipsia are commoner in AFLP and anaemia is not a feature.3 Liver biopsy confirms the diagnosis but a Swansea Score of 6 or above, in absence of another explanation, indicates AFLP.1 We aimed to review our experiences of AFLP to further our recognition and management of the condition. Methods A retrospective review of 20 patients with suspected AFLP between 1993 and 2011, assessing patient demographics, Swansea score, biopsy results and complications. Results Median age 26 (range 18–35), gestation age 36 (range 33–40), 3 twin pregnancies and 65% male births. Most were G1P0. Average Swansea score 9 (range 6–13). Commonest presentation was abdominal pain, malaise and vomiting. 60% had polydypsia, 25% had encephalopathy. 100% had raised transaminase, AST 231 u/l (range 84–4019), ALT 274 u/l (range 99–722). 95% had high urate 0.61 mmol/l (range 0.32–0.97), 85% had high bilirubin 62 umol/l (range 13–192) and 85% leucocytosis 19.4×109/l (range 12.8–74.5). 65% had renal impairment, Creatinine 141 umol/l (range 40–305), 55% had coagulopathy, PT 15 s (range 10–57), 40% had hypoglycaemia, glucose 3 mmol/l (range 1–6). 20% patients had high ammonia, average 58 (range 28–67), 65% patients did not have ammonia checked. Ultrasound scan (USS) was performed on 4/20 patients, 2 had steatosis. 50% patients had biopsy, done 2–13 days post partum. All had microvesicular steatosis, 2 cholestasis, 1 centrilobular necrosis and 1 hepatocyte inflammation. All bloods, where available, showed improvement in 7 days and normalised by 3 months. Complications occurred in 3 pregnancies; 2 intrauterine deaths and 1 prolonged ITU stay. No patients had recurrence of AFLP. No maternal deaths occurred. Conclusion Male babies and twin pregnancies increased risk AFLP. A high index of suspicion is needed in patients with abdominal pain, malaise and high ALT in the last trimester, the Swansea score should be applied to aid diagnosis, higher Swansea scores indicate greater risk. Recent years have shown improved maternal and foetal survival2 but correct identification and early obstetric intervention prevents complications such as liver failure. Competing interests None declared. References 1. Ch'ng CL , Morgan M, Hainsworth I, et al . Prospective study of liver dysfunction in pregnancy in Southwest Wales. Gut 2002; 51 :876–80. 2. Knight M , Nelson-Piercy C, Kurinczuk JJ, et al . A prospective national study of acute fatty liver of pregnancy in the UK. Gut 2008; 57 :951–6. 3. Kingham JG . Liver disease in pregnancy. Clin Med 2006; 6 :34–40.
Human and Murine Leprosy
Authors: George L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This moderately surprising work on leprosy is published in Germany, but written by Japanese authors in an English which exhibits many characteristics of an edited translation. The principal topics are the biological features of leprosy and the infection of rodents known as murine leprosy. Clinical leprosy is the subject of some chapters, but from them it would be difficult for the reader to obtain a ready concept of the disease. The real interests of the writers are the investigative problems of leprosy, to which they themselves have contributed lifetimes of devotion. Accordingly, although the orderly arrangement is that of a textbook of leprosy, three fourths of the work on human leprosy covers its immunology, pathology, serology, clinical chemistry, and microbiology. Japanese contributions to leprosy have not always been available to the English reader, and it is pleasant to find them well documented here, especially in the chapters on murine leprosy.
THE METABOLISM OF NORMAL PLASMA PROTEINS AND GAMMA-MYELOMA PROTEIN IN MICE BEARING PLASMA-CELL TUMORS
Authors: J. H. Humphrey, J. L. Fahey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

Study of the synthesis, catabolism and nature of y-globulin has been facilitated by the availability in mice of transplantable plasma-cell tumors, each capable of synthesizing characteristic and different forms of plasma globulin (1).Since the use of such tumors in inbred mice readily permits mul- tiple comparable observations, a study was carried out in sufficient detail to permit evaluation of the effects of different plasma-cell tumors on the me- tabolism of individual serum proteins.The find- ings were compared with those in human multiple myeloma in which published results are few and apparently conflicting.Thus, Berson and Yalow (2) found the fractional turnover rate of a y-mye- loma protein to be approximately normal in the donor patient as well as in another patient with- out a serum myeloma protein.Lippincott and co- workers (3, 4), however, observed a rapid turn- over of normal y-globulins and -y-myeloma proteins in patients with -y-myeloma proteins.Gamma- globulin turnover was less rapid in patients with ,8-myeloma proteins.Neufeld (5) also noted a rapid turnover for globulins in a patient with a y-myeloma protein.Two tumors were selected for the present study.The plasma-cell tumor 5563 (6) produces a y-myeloma protein that is a y-globulin on im- munoelectrophoresis and a single 6.5S component on ultracentrifugal analysis.This is analagous to the y-type myeloma proteins in man.A second mouse plasma-cell tumor, 5647 (7), however, pro- duces a 8-myeloma protein with ultracentrifugal components of 9, 11 and 13S and distinctive im- munological properties similar to the character- istic features of beta (ft2A)-type myeloma globulins in man.The serum levels of the normal y-globuilin components are reduced with the 5563 tumor, lbut this is less evident with the 5647 tumor.
Re-treatment of chronic HCV infection in HIV co-infected patients and predictors of sustained viral response
Authors: Evguenia Krastinova, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Delphine Fromentin, Cécile Goujard, Mojgan Hessamfar, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Stanislas Pol, Patrice Cacoub, Christian Perronne, Fabrice Carrat
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
F-18 FDG PET/CT Findings in a Case of Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver With Lung and Adrenal Gland Metastasis in a Child
Authors: Min Kyung Lee, Chang Gyu Kwon, Kyung Hoon Hwang, Wonsick Choe, Jee-Eun Kim, Hann Tchah, In-sang Jeon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 7-year-old boy presented with an undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL), which is a rare pediatric neoplasm that originates from the mesenchyme. F-18 FDG PET/CT associated with a separately acquired contrast-enhanced CT was performed to evaluate the status of the tumor during postoperative chemotherapy, which followed the initial neoadjuvant chemotherapy (vincristine, cisplatin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin-D) and radical tumor resection. Evaluation of the F-18 FDG PET/CT demonstrated the presence of a highly metabolic lesion in the liver (primary site) and the presence of distinct foci of FDG uptake as a result of tumor metastases, with 3 foci being observed in both lungs and one being observed in the right adrenal gland. This case gives a suggestion that F-18 FDG PET/CT can be valuable method for evaluation of the status of UESL.
Thyroid Nodules and Scanning
Authors: K. P. Poulose
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1978Thyroid Nodules and ScanningK. P. POULOSE, M.D., F.A.C.P.K. P. POULOSE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-1-149_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article "Rectilinear Thyroid Scanning as a Predictor of Malignancy" by Nelson, Wahner, and Gorman (Ann Intern Med 88:41-44, 1978) is an eyeopener to those who advocate scanning as a routine in all patients with thyroid nodules.We have analysed the scan and histologic findings in 207 patients with thyroid nodules who had surgery to evaluate the role of thyroid scanning in the prediction of malignancy in thyroid nodules. The overall prevalence of malignancy in solitary nodular lesions was 9% and in multinodular lesions, 10% (1). When we correlated the functional status of the nodule and the...References1. POULOSE K and PADMANABHAN V: Is thyroid scanning necessary in nodular lesions of thyroid gland? A critical evaluation. J Assoc Physicians India 21:1039-1043, 1973 Google Scholar2. KENDALL L and CONDON R: Prediction of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodules. Lancet 1:1071-1074, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BAILEY H and LOVE R: A Short Practice of Surgery. London, H. K. Lewis & Co., Ltd., 1956, p. 585 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: K. P. POULOSE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Medical College Hospital Trivandrum, Kerala India PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byContribution of radionuclide imaging to radiation oncologyManagement of thyroid nodules. II: Scanning techniques, thyroid suppressive therapy, and fine needle aspirationManagement of thyroid nodules. I: History and physical examination, blood tests, x-ray tests, and ultrasonography 1 July 1978Volume 89, Issue 1Page: 149-149KeywordsLesionsPatient advocacySurgeryThyroid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Thermocautery Causes a Gauze Pad Fire
Authors: Donald K. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We write to alert surgeons of a possible danger from using disposable, battery-powered, hand-held thermocautery units near dry gauze sponges in the operative field. A patient presented to the ambulatory surgery operative suite for excision of a keloid on the right ear. Once the patient was prepared, draped, and given local anesthetic, and the keloid was excised, a hand-held, disposable, battery-operated thermocautery unit was used to provide hemostasis around the skin edge of the operative site. When the cautery was at full temperature, it inadvertently touched a thread of a dry, 4×4 surgical gauze pad that was used to hold back the skin edges. The gauze rapidly was engulfed in flame. It was grasped and thrown to the floor, where the fire was extinguished by stepping on the flame. No injury was sustained by the patient or surgeons. This incident highlights the convenience of and the caution
Teratocarcinoma of the Posterior Mediastinum
Authors: Fred H. Howard
Journal: JAMA (1961)

TERATOMAS of the chest, while more frequently seen in children than in adults, are not particularly common and, when found, are usually located in the anterior mediastinum. The presenting symptoms of such tumors are largely referable to the respiratory tract. These tumors are usually benign. It would, therefore, seem worthwhile to report the case of a 4-year-old boy with the complaint of paralysis of both legs caused by invasion of the thoracic cord by a malignant teratoma of the posterior mediastinum, and without respiratory symptoms.
Continuous Ambulatory Esophageal pH Monitoring in the Evaluation of Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Michael J. Glade
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To provide clinicians with a technology assessment of the safety and effectiveness of continuous ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring (CAEpHM) in the diagnosis of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux in adults.A literature review and a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Assessment (DATTA) survey questionnaire were mailed to 118 physicians with special interest in gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal disease, or the use of CAEpHM in the diagnosis of noncardiac chest pain. These panelists had been nominated to the DATTA panel by appropriate specialty societies and medical schools. A total of 93 panelists (79%) responded.Assessment was based on the expert opinion of the panelists, as well as on published scientific and medical literature (available as of June 1, 1994). Published studies were identified by a MEDLINE search using the terms esophagitis, reflux, and gastroesophageal reflux and by review of the references cited in these primary sources.The respondents completed a DATTA survey questionnaire; the survey results were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted by an American Medical Association medical scientist.The safety of CAEpHM was considered to be established in adults with chronic heartburn, chronic hoarseness, persistent acid reflux refractory to therapy, laryngeal lesions, or noncardiac substernal chest pain. The safety of CAEpHM was considered to be promising in adults with episodes of apnea. The effectiveness of CAEpHM was considered to be established in adult patients with clear primary symptoms that reflect esophageal damage, such as chronic heartburn, persistent acid reflux refractory to therapy, or noncardiac substernal pain; promising in adults with chronic hoarseness; and investigational in adults with episodes of apnea.