tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
863-4 Changes of preload-independent doppler indices in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Hyuk-Jae Chang, Byoung-Joo Choi, Jung-Hyun Choi, Tae-Young Choi, So-Yeon Choi, Gyo-Seung Hwang, Myeong-Ho Yoon, Joon-Han Shin, Seung-Jea Tahk, Byung-il W Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Women in Alternative Health Care
Authors: Barbara Rowland
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Male domination of the traditional health care systems is well recognized. In contrast, it appears that women are a more important force in the alternative health care system, which is made up of neighborhood clinics and community health centers. A study of 17 such alternative health care centers in the San Diego area discloses that women account for almost half of the directors, all seven of the assistant directors, more than three-fourths of the clinic coordinators, and almost half (40%) of the membership of the boards of directors. Since many of the recent innovations in traditional health care derive from the alternative health care movement, the influence of women on the traditional systems may be more substantial than heretofore recognized.
Syndecan-4 regulates ADAMTS-5 activation and cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis
Authors: Frank Echtermeyer, Jessica Bertrand, Rita Dreier, Ingmar Meinecke, Katja Neugebauer, Martin Fuerst, Yun Jong Lee, Yeong Wook Song, Christine Herzog, Gregor Theilmeier, Thomas Pap
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Heparin Bonding Reduces Thrombogenicity of Pulmonary-Artery Catheters
Authors: Paul F. Hoar, Ross M. Wilson, Dennis T. Mangano, G. James Avery, Robert J. Szarnicki, J. Donald Hill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THROMBI form on the surface of pulmonary-artery catheters soon after these devices are inserted into the central circulation.1 Although complications attributable to such thrombi do not occur frequently, their consequences can be serious: pulmonary embolism,2 , 3 occlusive vascular thromboses,4 , 5 and thrombotic endocardial vegetations.6 , 7 Catheter thrombogenicity is believed to involve an interaction of blood with the physicochemical and textural properties of the catheter's surface.8 9 10 11 Therefore, surface treatment of the catheter by chemical processes that reduce thrombus formation on in vitro models may decrease catheter thrombogenicity in patients.12 One such method is to bond heparin chemically12 , 13 to the polymer plastics used in the . . .
The late show
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Comedians are living longer these days. In the past century few reached their 70s, and one or two famously died onstage aged around 60. Comedy, like medicine, benefits from the authority that comes with age, but it is a hard life and these days its practitioners tend to ease up as they get older. Even Dame Edna Everage, now 78, is hanging up her frock.⇑

All the more remarkable, then, is that Britain’s most successful comic, Ken Dodd, is still touring at the …
Spontaneous activation of latent cytomegalovirus from murine spleen explants. Role of lymphocytes and macrophages in release and replication of virus.
Authors: M C Jordan, V L Mar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major pathogen in the compromised host where many infections result from activation of latent virus. Because latent CMV infection has been difficult to study in humans, murine models have been developed and investigated. Here, we describe the events involved in activation of latent murine CMV (MCMV) from spleen explants in vitro. Infectious virus was no longer detectable in murine organs 4 mo after inoculatioN of 10(5) plaque-forming units of MCMV. 8-10 d after establishment of spleen explants, phagocytic macrophages covered 70-80% of the surface of tissue culture dishes, and lymphocytes were continuously released, reaching titers of 10(6) cells/ml. MCMV was produced spontaneously after 12-18 d from spleen explant cultures of 33 of 34 mice. Virus replicated to titers above 10(4) plaque-forming units/ml, remained at that level for 4-5 wk, and gradually disappeared as macrophages were lysed. Although MCMV was shown to be replicating in macrophages, these cells were never found to be the source of latent virus. Cell separation studies indicated that latent virus was initially released from 70% of lymphocyte cultures and was associated with the B cell enriched fraction. We conclude that MCMV establishes nonreplicating dormant infection in B lymphocytes, activates from these cells in spleen explant cultures, and is augmented in titer by replication in permissive macrophages.
Inhibition of intrapituitary thyroxine to 3.5.3'-triiodothyronine conversion prevents the acute suppression of thyrotropin release by thyroxine in hypothyroid rats.
Authors: P R Larsen, T E Dick, B P Markovitz, M M Kaplan, T G Gard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Iopanoic acid has been shown to block thyroxine (T4)-5'-monodeiodination in rat anterior pituitary in vitro. To test the hypothesis that the acute decrease in thyrotropin (TSH) after infusion of T4 into hypothyroid rats requires intrapituitary T4 to 3,5,3'-triiodothyroxine (T3) conversion, the effect of iopanoic acid treatment on the generation of nuclear T3 from intrapituitary conversion and the response to TSH were compared in control and iopanoic acid-treated animals. 5 mg/100 g body weight iopanoic acid given 24, 16, and 1.5 h before administration of 125I-T4 reduced the quantity of pituitary nuclear 125I-T3 from local (intrapituitary) T4 to T3 conversion by 60-100%. In association with inhibition of intrapituitary T4 to T3 conversion, there was an increase in the binding of 125I-T4 to the nuclear receptor of the pituitary but the total iodothyronine content of the nuclei was still less than half of the nuclear iodothyronine in control animals. Iopanoic acid did not affect the nuclear/plasma ratio of injected 131I-T3 in the same animals, but did appear to impair 131I-T3 clearance or reduce its distribution volume. Treatment with iopanoic acid did not reduce the quantity of nuclear 125I-T3 in the liver, kidney, or heart of the same animals more than expected from the changes in serum 125I-T3. In control hypo-thyroid animals pretreated with iopanoic acid, the mean TSH was not significantly decreased from the initial value by T4 injection. Iopanoic acid pretreatment did not interfere with the acute TSH response of chronically hypothyroid rats to 70 ng of T3/100 g body weight. These results establish that intrapituitary generations of T3 from T4 is required for the acute decrease in TSH which occurs after T4 infusion. The data also are consistent with the content that it is nuclear binding of the T3 generated from T4 which initiates the inhibition of TSH release.
Margaret Chan: committed to universal health coverage
Authors: David Holmes
Journal: The Lancet (2012)

Margaret Chan is a woman who needs little introduction. As WHO Director-General, her face is a fixture on news bulletins whenever there is a serious disease outbreak, drug safety issue, or food scare. But it was the less sensational—although some would argue more important—work that Chan and WHO are doing to promote universal health coverage that she was keen to talk about when she spoke to The Lancet.
Treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis by infusion of insulin and glucagon. A multicentre sequential trial
Authors: JC Trienchet, B Balkau, F Heintzmann, RE Poupon, P Callard, C Gotheil, JD Grangé, D Vetter, A Pauwels, H Labadie, O Chazouillères, P Mavier, H Desmorat, JP Zarsky, JC Barbare, JF Chambre, EA Pariente, D Roulot, M Beaugrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Abstract 4471: Antitumor effects of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) on thyroid cancer cell lines with BRAF V600E mutation
Authors: Ji Hye Yim, Hyun Jeong Choi, Eui Young Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Sejin Jang, Young Kee Shong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background : Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers with a median survival of only 6 months. Local surgical tumor debulking and combined with radio-chemotherapy is conventionally used but low success rate urges the search for new therapeutic targets. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) is an activator of the 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis. Activated AMPK is inhibits the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin, thereby reducing protein translation and suppressing cell growth and cell cycle entry. Recently, AMPK was reported to be mediated by RAF-MEK-ERK pathway in melanoma cells harboring the B-RAF(V600E) mutation. Methods: We investigated the anti-tumor effect of AICAR on the proliferation of thyroid cancer cell lines with BRAF(V600E) mutation or wild type BRAF. We were to see the effect of AICAR on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of thyroid cancer cell and reveal the mechanism of these changes. Methods: The proliferation of thyroid cancer cell lines with BRAF(V600E) mutations was more significantly inhibited by administration of AICAR in comparison with cell lines with wild type BRAF. The suppressive effect of AICAR on cell proliferation of BRAF(V600E) mutated thyroid cancer cell lines was related with increased phosphorylation of AMPK, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. Interestingly, the AICAR suppressed phosphorylation of ERK and p70S6K in B-RAF V600E mutated thyroid cancer cells compared to B-RAF wild type cells. Conclusion: In BRAF(V600E) mutation harboring thyroid cancer cell lines, AICAR induced AMPK activation resulted in decrease of cell growth, apoptosis, and increased cell cycle arrest via down-regulation of ERK and p70S6K activity. These results suggest that regulation of AMPK activity may be a potential target for cancer therapy in thyroid cancer with BRAF V600E mutation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4471. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4471
Three-point checklist of dermoscopy: an open internet study
Authors: I. Zalaudek, G. Argenziano, H.P. Soyer, R. Corona, F. Sera, A. Blum, R.P. Braun, H. Cabo, G. Ferrara, A.W. Kopf, D. Langford, S.W. Menzies, G. Pellacani, K. Peris, S. Seidenari
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background In a pilot study, the three‐point checklist of dermoscopy has been shown to represent a valid and reproducible tool with high sensitivity for the diagnosis of skin cancer in the hands of a small group of nonexperts. Objectives To re‐evaluate these preliminary results in a large number of observers independently from their profession and expertise in dermoscopy. Methods The study was conducted via the internet to provide worldwide access for participants. After a short web‐based tutorial, the participants evaluated dermoscopic images of 165 (116 benign and 49 malignant) skin lesions (15 training and 150 test lesions). For each lesion participants scored the presence of the three‐point checklist criteria (asymmetry, atypical network and blue‐white structures). Kappa values, odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios were estimated. Results Overall, 150 participants joined the study. The three‐point checklist showed good interobserver reproducibility (kappa value: 0·53). Sensitivity for skin cancer (melanoma and basal cell carcinoma) was 91·0% and this value remained basically uninfluenced by the observers' professional profile. Only 20 participants lacking any experience in dermoscopy performed significantly more poorly, but the sensitivity was still remarkably high (86·7%) when considering that they were untrained novices in dermoscopy. The specificity was 71·9% and was significantly influenced by the profession, with dermatologists performing best. Conclusions Our study confirms that the three‐point checklist is a feasible, simple, accurate and reproducible skin cancer screening tool.
Violence increasingly being viewed as problem of public health; prevention programs attempted
Authors: J. W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1988)

VIOLENCE HAS become so commonplace, saturating news reports and filling television and movie screens, that it may be easy to become inured to it, leaving the problem to the communities in which it occurs and to the police and criminal justice system. But researchers in Boston are adding their voices to those that say violence is also a medical problem (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:721-730, 881-892). They cite the following as evidence of the medical impact of interpersonal violence: It is the second leading cause of death for all 15- to 24-year-olds in the United States. It is the fourth leading cause of potential years of life lost. In 1980, it accounted for 350 000 hospitalizations and 1.5 million hospital days and for $640 million in health care costs. These numbers do not reflect primarily premeditated murders or loss of life when a mentally ill person suddenly acts violently.
Impairment of NO-Dependent Relaxation in Intralobar Pulmonary Arteries: Comparison of Urban Particulate Matter and Manufactured Nanoparticles
Authors: Arnaud Courtois, Pascal Andujar, Yannick Ladeiro, Isabelle Baudrimont, Estelle Delannoy, Véronique Leblais, Hugues Begueret, Marie Annick Billon Galland, Patrick Brochard, Francelyne Marano, Roger Marthan, Bernard Muller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Because pulmonary circulation is the primary vascular target of inhaled particulate matter (PM), and nitric oxide is a major vasculoprotective agent, in this study we investigated the effect of various particles on the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in pulmonary arteries.We used intrapulmonary arteries and/or endothelial cells, either exposed in vitro to particles or removed from PM-instilled animals for assessment of vasomotricity, cGMP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cytokine/chemokine release.Endothelial NO-dependent relaxation and cGMP accumulation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) were both decreased after 24 hr exposure of rat intrapulmonary arteries to standard reference material 1648 (SRM1648; urban PM). Relaxation due to NO donors was also decreased by SRM1648, whereas responsiveness to cGMP analogue remained unaffected. Unlike SRM1648, ultrafine carbon black and ultrafine and fine titanium dioxide (TiO2) manufactured particles did not impair NO-mediated relaxation. SRM1648-induced decrease in relaxation response to ACh was prevented by dexamethasone (an anti-inflammatory agent) but not by antioxidants. Accordingly, SRM1648 increased the release of proinflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8) from intrapulmonary arteries or pulmonary artery endothelial cells, but did not elevate ROS levels within intrapulmonary arteries. Decreased relaxation in response to ACh was also evidenced in intrapulmonary arteries removed from rats intratracheally instilled with SRM1648, but not with fine TiO2.In contrast to manufactured particles (including nanoparticles), urban PM impairs NO but not cGMP responsiveness in intrapulmonary arteries. We attribute this effect to oxidative-stress-independent inflammatory response, resulting in decreased guanylyl cyclase activation by NO. Such impairment of the NO pathway may contribute to urban-PM-induced cardiovascular dysfunction.
Heme oxygenase-1–derived carbon monoxide enhances the host defense response to microbial sepsis in mice
Authors: Su Wol Chung, Xiaoli Liu, Alvaro A. Macias, Rebecca M. Baron, Mark A. Perrella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Sepsis is characterized by a systemic response to severe infection. Although the inflammatory phase of sepsis helps eradicate the infection, it can have detrimental consequences if left unchecked. Therapy directed against inflammatory mediators of sepsis has shown little success and has the potential to impair innate antimicrobial defenses. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the product of its enzymatic reaction, CO, have beneficial antiinflammatory properties, but little is known about their effects on microbial sepsis. Here, we have demonstrated that during microbial sepsis, HO-1–derived CO plays an important role in the antimicrobial process without inhibiting the inflammatory response. HO-1–deficient mice suffered exaggerated lethality from polymicrobial sepsis. Targeting HO-1 to SMCs and myofibroblasts of blood vessels and bowel ameliorated sepsis-induced death associated with Enterococcus faecalis, but not Escherichia coli, infection. The increase in HO-1 expression did not suppress circulating inflammatory cells or their accumulation at the site of injury but did enhance bacterial clearance by increasing phagocytosis and the endogenous antimicrobial response. Furthermore, injection of a CO-releasing molecule into WT mice increased phagocytosis and rescued HO-1–deficient mice from sepsis-induced lethality. These data advocate HO-1–derived CO as an important mediator of the host defense response to sepsis and suggest CO administration as a possible treatment for the disease.
A transcriptional regulator of osteogenesis expressed in calcifying atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: N Brindle
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

See article by Engelse et al. [9] (pages 281–289) in this issue. 

Calcification is a common feature of atherosclerotic plaques. Even early lesions of young adults have been found to contain small aggregates of crystalline calcium within the lipid core [1]. As plaque size and complexity increase the amount of calcium within the lesion grows [1]. The degree of plaque calcification correlates with increased risk of coronary disease-related events [2], though the precise ways in which calcification influences plaque pathology remain to be resolved. Coronary vessels with extensively calcified plaques are more prone to dissections during angioplasty and carry a higher risk of operative complications [3]. Deposition of calcium within vessels also occurs in the medial layer of arteries where it is independent of atherosclerotic disease and can cause decreased compliance [4]. Aortic calcification may thus lead to coronary insufficiency as a result of impaired elastic recoil.

Despite the widespread occurrence of vascular calcification and its association with cardiovascular disease, the mechanisms responsible for mineralization within vessels are not known. Similarities between calcification in bone and the vasculature suggest both tissues share some of the same mechanisms of mineralization. As in bone, the principal form of calcium deposited in the vessel wall is hydroxyapatite. During bone formation osteoblasts synthesize matrix vesicles and a complex extracellular matrix incorporating, among other proteins, type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein [5]. Mineralization of this matrix … 

* Tel.: +44-116-252-5802; fax: +44-116-252-3179
Severe Hyperkalemia During Very-Low-Calorie Diets and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Use
Authors: Michael L. Stoltz
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent Commentary by Wadden et al<sup>1</sup>and subsequent letters to the editor<sup>2</sup>discussed complications associated with rapid weight loss using very-low-calorie diets. I report herein a complication occurring with the combination of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and protein supplement very-low-calorie diets. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 64-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with weakness following intermittent vomiting for 36 hours. She had lost 33.8 kg over the previous 6 months, on a diet of five packages per day of a protein supplement and one dinner salad topped with lemon juice and salt substitute. She continued to ingest her supplement despite her vomiting. Hypertension, which had failed to resolve with weight reduction, was being treated with lisinopril, 10 mg daily, and she took 600 mg of theophylline daily. In the emergency department, she complained of severe weakness. Her serum potassium measurement was 9.7 mmol/L.
The Supreme Court Speaks — Not Assisted Suicide but a Constitutional Right to Palliative Care
Authors: R A Burt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The Supreme Court has unanimously ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide.1,2 Unexpectedly, however, the Court did much more than simply uphold the New York and Washington statutes prohibiting assisted suicide. A Court majority effectively required all states to ensure that their laws do not obstruct the provision of adequate palliative care, especially for the alleviation of pain and other physical symptoms of people facing death.The plaintiffs in these cases demanded a “right to die” with physician assistance, not a right to adequate palliative care. The defendant states — Washington and New York — countered . . .
Efficacy of phototherapy in non-haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia.
Authors: K L Tan, K W Boey
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Clinical experience of phototherapy for non-haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia in 3999 infants in Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore, is documented. Phototherapy was most effective in extremely preterm infants with very low birth weight (gestation less than or equal to 32 weeks, birth weight less than or equal to 1500 g) and least effective in full term infants with very low birth weight (gestation greater than or equal to 37 weeks, birth weight less than or equal to 1500 g) and large preterm infants (gestation less than 37 weeks, birth weight greater than 2270 g). Overall, phototherapy was effective in almost all the infants, with a failure rate of only 2.00/1000 infants. No characteristic features common to all the failures could be detected. The bilirubin rebound was usually mild; repeat phototherapy was required in only 30 infants (7.50/1000), with the response to the second exposure comparable to that to the first. No infant required a third exposure. All the infants tolerated phototherapy well, none developing any illness that could be attributed to the treatment. This clinical experience shows that phototherapy for the treatment of nonhaemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia is effective and safe.
Lymphoid Tissue and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Do Not Share a Common Macrophage-Dendritic Cell-Restricted Progenitor
Authors: Priyanka Sathe, Donald Metcalf, David Vremec, Shalin H. Naik, Wallace Y. Langdon, Nicholas D. Huntington, Li Wu, Ken Shortman
Journal: Immunity (2014)