tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Importance of factor Xa in determining the procoagulant activity of whole-blood clots.
Authors: P R Eisenberg, J E Siegel, D R Abendschein, J P Miletich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The binding of thrombin to fibrin is thought to be an important mechanism by which thrombi exhibit procoagulant activity; however, the extent to which other procoagulants are associated with thrombi has not been previously defined. This study was designed to determine whether clotting factors other than thrombin are bound to whole-blood clots and can thereby contribute to significant procoagulant activity. Clots formed in vitro from human blood exhibited minimal thrombin activity when incubated in plasma depleted of vitamin K-dependent factors by barium-citrate adsorption, as indicated by increases in the concentration of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), a marker of fibrin formation, to 72 nM after 30 min. Incubation of clots in barium-absorbed plasma repleted with 0.9 microM human prothrombin under the same conditions resulted in marked increases in the concentration of FPA (> 1,000 nM) and clotting by 30 min. The increases in FPA were attributable to activation of the added prothrombin by clot-associated Factor Xa, judging from concomitant increases in the concentration of prothrombin fragment 1.2. Similar results were obtained with thrombi induced in the axillary arteries of dogs by vascular injury and incubated with plasma in vitro. Activation of prothrombin was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by tick anticoagulant peptide, a direct inhibitor of Factor Xa, at concentrations of 0.5-5.0 microM. Clot-associated Factor Xa activity was resistant to inhibition by anti-thrombin III, judging from the lack of inhibition of prothrombin activation during incubation of clots in plasma containing heparin pentasaccharide, an anti-thrombin III-mediated inhibitor of Factor Xa. Thus, the activity of Factor Xa appears to be an important determinant of the procoagulant activity of whole-blood clots and arterial thrombi, and is resistant to inhibition by anti-thrombin III-dependent inhibitors.
Ankylosing spondylitis with predominant involvement of the cervical spine in a woman with Behcet's syndrome.
Authors: I Olivieri, G Gemignani, F Busoni, F Pecori, E Camerini, D Trippi, G Pasero
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

The case of a 45 year old woman affected by both Behçet9s syndrome (BS) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is reported. Cervical spine involvement was observed long before the appearance of the sacroiliac and lumbar changes.
Sulfonamides and aspergillosis
Authors: B. E. Copeland
Journal: JAMA (1969)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— In The Journal (209:1191, 1969) a case of pulmonary aspergillosis is reported. A number of articles on systemic aspergillosis cite the various types of therapy during the past few years. None has mentioned the use of sulfonamide drugs.The studies and observations, made in the bacteriology laboratory of the New England Baptist Hospital, on a strain of Aspergillus isolated from a case of pulmonary aspergillosis noted that the organism was very sensitive to sulfonamides. A number of strains of Aspergillus were obtained and most of them were found to be sensitive to sulfonamides. We had hoped to test the clinical success of this therapy but have not had any cases of aspergillosis for treatment.We should like to report this experience in the hope that this type of therapy might be found useful. We realize that sensitivities on an agar plate might not reflect in vivo
A Guitar Is a Violin Is a Feeling Is an Essay Is Two Letters and One Comment
Authors: Edwards P. Schwentker
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am no connoisseur of Cubism, but know something of musical instruments, and in consequence I feel a need to question Dr Mark S. Litwin's<sup>1</sup>comments on the July 26, 1985, cover illustration of George Braque's<i>Aria de Bach</i>. Can a painting of a violin that is actually the painting of a guitar still be a painting of a violin?
Sulfonamides in Treatment of Meningococcal Meningitis
Authors: Thomas H. Maren
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article by Dr. Richard H. Meade on "Treatment of Meningitis" (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:1023 [Sept 28] 1963) contains serious errors with respect to the concentrations of sulfonamides which reach the spinal fluid, and with regard to which drugs should be used in the treatment of meningococcal meningitis. Dr. Meade says that "Sulfadiazine and sulfisoxazole reach the spinal fluid in concentrations that are 50% to 80% of those in the blood." No reference is given. These two drugs, as well as several others, have been compared in this respect by W. P. Boger in<i>Antibiotic Medicine and Clinical Therapy</i>(<b>6</b>:32, 1959). His figures are as follows: for sulfadiazine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration is 10% that of plasma; for sulfisoxazole the CSF concentration is 1.6% that of plasma. There are numerous other studies which also show that the diffusion of sulfisoxazole from plasma to CSF is slow.
SOME USUALLY OVERLOOKED PHYSICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS IN CHEST DISEASES.
Authors: NORMAN BRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The tendency of the mind of the young doctor, and some times of the older one, is to look for the classical and typical changes in all chest diseases. He knows well what ideal bronchial breathing is; what rales are and the different sorts; what pectoriloquy, egophony, amphoric sounds and metallic tinkling mean, fie knows flatness on percussion and dulness when marked; and cracked-pot percussion sound with open-mouth breathing. And if these or a combination of them are found in any case, diagnosis is supposed to be thereby relatively easy.  In our early studies we learn to look for these signs, and are disappointed sometimes when the symptoms have led us to expect to find them and we do not find them. Failing to discover them we sometimes wholly fail to detect other ample physical signs, that are however less prominent and pronounced.
A Mechanism for Pentamidine-Induced Hyperkalemia: Inhibition of Distal Nephron Sodium Transport
Authors: Thomas R. Kleyman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objectives: To determine whether pentamidine directly affects the transport of renal ions and thus provides a mechanism for hyperkalemia, which develops in as many as 100% of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who receive pentamidine for more than 6 days. Design: Transepithelial and single-channel electrical measurements were made on two models of distal-nephron ion transport: an amphibian distal-nephron cell line (A6) and primary cultures of rabbit cortical collecting tubules. Results: Luminal bath application of pentamidine to A6 monolayers inhibited the amiloride-sensitive, short-circuit current with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 700 µM (five experiments). In the principal cell apical membranes of cortical collecting tubule primary cultures, amiloride-sensitive, 4-picosiemen Na+ channels in cell-attached patches were also identified. When the luminal membrane was directly exposed to 1.0 µM of pentamidine in the patch pipette solution, channel activity decreased by 40% (11 experiments). Channel inhibition rapidly reversed with washout of intrapipette pentamidine (four experiments). In contrast, replacement of either the luminal bath outside the patch pipette (four experiments) or the serosal bath (five experiments) with pentamidine did not significantly affect Na+ channel activity in the patches. Conclusions: Luminal or "urinary" pentamidine inhibits distal nephron reabsorption of Na+ by blocking apical Na+ channels in a manner similar to "potassium-sparing" diuretics (for example, amiloride and triamterene). This results in a decrease in the electrochemical gradients that drive secretion of distal nephron K+. Because pentamidine is eliminated through urinary excretion, this renal tubular effect provides a mechanism for pentamidine-induced hyperkalemia.
Future of tropical medicine
Authors: G C Cook
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Any discussion/debate on “tropical medicine”1 should take cognisance of major differences between the formal discipline (which developed in the “western world” in the early days of the 20th century) and “medicine in the tropics.”2 3 The former was to a large extent artificial, being designed to provide medical care for servants of Empire and Raj after return to Britain, and was largely moulded by governmental (political) pressures, with …
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Academic Group Practice-Reply
Authors: David I. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We concur with Dr Afable's comments and support his efforts to place ambulatory training on firmer financial ground. We neglected to discuss finances because the cost implications of our reorganization were the specific subject of a previous article.<sup>1</sup> We also agree with the observation by Taylor et al that academic group practices are not new, as indicated by our inclusion of six references to such organizations dating back to 1974. What was innovative about our own experience with group practice was our ability to evaluate clinic operation with the most rigorous of research designs. We believe that health services interventions should be held to the same standards of proof of effectiveness that are applied to proposed changes in clinical practice. Now that supportive data are at hand, we hope that other academic clinics will be persuaded to join family practice centers and general internal medicine programs in
The Chromatin-Modifying Enzyme Ezh2 Is Critical for the Maintenance of Regulatory T Cell Identity after Activation
Authors: Michel DuPage, Gaurav Chopra, Jason Quiros, Wendy L. Rosenthal, Malika M. Morar, Dan Holohan, Ruan Zhang, Laurence Turka, Alexander Marson, Jeffrey A. Bluestone
Journal: Immunity (2015)

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are required for immune homeostasis. Chromatin remodeling is essential for establishing diverse cellular identities, but how the epigenetic program in Treg cells is maintained throughout the dynamic activation process remains unclear. Here we have shown that CD28 co-stimulation, an extracellular cue intrinsically required for Treg cell maintenance, induced the chromatin-modifying enzyme, Ezh2. Treg-specific ablation of Ezh2 resulted in spontaneous autoimmunity with reduced Foxp3+ cells in non-lymphoid tissues and impaired resolution of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Utilizing a model designed to selectively deplete wild-type Treg cells in adult mice co-populated with Ezh2-deficient Treg cells, Ezh2-deficient cells were destabilized and failed to prevent autoimmunity. After activation, the transcriptome of Ezh2-deficient Treg cells was disrupted, with altered expression of Treg cell lineage genes in a pattern similar to Foxp3-deficient Treg cells. These studies reveal a critical role for Ezh2 in the maintenance of Treg cell identity during cellular activation.
Carcinoma of the Gallbladder
Authors: Bjorn Thorbjarnarson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The conclusions reached by H. Derman et al. and printed inThe Journal(<b>176:</b>450 [May 6] 1961) are disturbing indeed. Most students of the problem of carcinoma of the gallbladder are convinced that a connection exists between it and gallstones, and I am one of these. The authors reach their conclusion from a study of surgically removed gallbladders. It is rare indeed to have the opportunity or reason to surgically remove the acalculous gallbladder. As a matter of fact, one of the few indications for this is the presence of a tumor in the organ. Practically every physician urges the removal of the symptomatic calculous gallbladder, and many of us feel that the truly asymptomatic or innocuous calculous gallbladder does not exist. It seems to me that the incidence of carcinoma in the noncalculous gallbladder should be calculated from the normal population or from autopsy studies
GW25-e4306 Angiotensin-(1-7) stimulates cholesterol efflux from angiotensin II-treated cholesterol-loaded THP-1 macrophages through suppression of p38 and JNK signaling
Authors: Yang Huiyu, Yun-fei Bian, Chuan-shi Xiao, Rui Bai, Bin Liang, Na-na Zhang, Fen Gao, Yang Zhiming
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Vanadate inhibits glucose output from isolated perfused rat liver
Authors: Rafael Bruck, Haia Prigozin, Zipora Krepel, Paul Rotenberg, Yoram Shechter, Simon Bar-Meir
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Previous studies have demonstrated that vanadate ions mimic many of the actions of insulin in in vitro systems. Also, vanadate administered to diabetic hyperglycemic rats lowers their blood glucose levels to normal values. In this study we demonstrate that vanadate inhibits glucose output in the isolated perfused rat liver. Glucose production was suppressed maximally (about 50% to 60%), on addition of extremely low vanadate ion concentrations (0.5 to 1 mumol/L). This concentration is about two log units lower than the vanadate ion concentrations that are required to activate hexose uptake and glucose metabolism in vitro and is within the range of endogenous intracellular vanadium concentration. Insulin had little or no effect in inhibiting hepatic glucose output in this experimental system. The effect of vanadate ions is rapid in onset and is not accompanied by any signs of liver toxicity as assessed by various criteria. In conclusion, the study indicates that (a) vanadate ions inhibits hepatic glucose output, maximally and at extremely low, nontoxic concentrations (ID50 = 0.7 +/- 0.1 mumol/L). (b) The modulation action of the ion is fast and probably occurs at point(s) distal to the insulin receptor itself. (c) The liver participates in the process of maintaining euglycemia in diabetic rats receiving optimal doses of vanadate orally.
Comparison of spontaneous ascites filtration and reinfusion with total paracentesis with intravenous albumin infusion in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites.
Authors: S. Bruno, M. Borzio, M. Romagnoni, P. M. Battezzati, S. Rossi, A. Chiesa, M. Podda
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To compare the effectiveness and safety of spontaneous ascites filtration and reinfusion and total paracentesis plus intravenous albumin infusion in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites. DESIGN--Randomised trial of the two treatments. SETTING--Teaching hospital and district general hospital in Milan. PATIENTS--45 consecutive cirrhotic patients with recurrent tense ascites and urinary sodium excretion rate less than 20 mmol/day. 35 fulfilled admission criteria and completed the study. 17 received spontaneous ascites filtration and 18 paracentesis plus albumin infusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Body weight; urinary volume; serum and urinary electrolyte, serum fibrinogen, and plasma aldosterone concentrations; and plasma renin activity before the procedure and 24 hours and eight days afterwards. RESULTS--Both procedures were effective in all patients. Weight decreased in both groups and showed no substantial increase after eight days. In patients receiving ascites filtration, values decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) after 24 hours for platelet count (mean relative change 0.92; 99% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.98) and serum fibrinogen concentration (0.92; 0.88 to 0.98) but returned to pretreatment values after eight days; no laboratory and clinical signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation were noted. Three patients in this group had fever, which receded spontaneously. One patient in each group had dilutional hyponatraemia. CONCLUSIONS--Spontaneous ascites filtration and reinfusion is an effective treatment for tense ascites. Reinfusion of the patient9s concentrated proteins provides savings without compromising safety.
Phenytoin, folate, vitamin B12, and cyanide.
Authors: N. M. Viukari
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MBITALIOLand irregular mottled opacities showed in the chest x-ray.Treatment was started with oxygen and bronchotracheal lavage, followed immedi- ately by intermittent positive pressure ventilation with oxygen-enriched air via an oral cuffed Flotex tube.This was followed by antibiotics, bronchodilator drugs, and steroids; the patient was controlled by relaxants and sedatives.Intravenous Intra- lipid and Aminosol-Fructose-Ethanol was given.On the ninth day of continuous inter- mittent positive pressure ventilation she developed pitting oedema of the face and extremities.Ascites was present with typical signs of everted umbilicus, shifting dullness, and fluid thrill.Biochemical findings revealed that her serum protein, serum electrolytes, and serum osmolarity were within normal limits.She had a normal
Potato Chip Laceration of the Throat
Authors: Nathan Sonkin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A 74-year-old woman was seen as an emergency patient because of the sudden onset of hemoptysis. She had been coughing blood for one hour; otherwise she was asymptomatic. There was no history of heart disease, chest pain, dyspnea, leg pains, or previous cough. The heart and lungs appeared to be normal, and the blood pressure was 130/78 mm Hg. Her throat revealed what appeared to be a laceration in the left tonsillar fossa with profuse welling of blood. An attempt to stop the bleeding by pressure with a cotton-tipped applicator failed. She continued to cough frank blood several times during the examination. Questioning at this time failed to elicit an obvious cause of the bleeding. However, as she was about to leave the office, she suddenly remembered that she had eaten several potato chips prior to the onset of bleeding. My impression at this time was a
Value of Lateral Blood Pool Imaging in Patients With Suspected Stress Fractures of the Tibia
Authors: Hosahalli K. Mohan, Susan E. M. Clarke, Martin Centenara, Amanda Lucarelli, Daniel Baron, Ignac Fogelman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

To critically evaluate the use of lateral blood pool imaging in athletes with lower limb pain and with a clinical suspicion of stress fracture.Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians evaluated 3-phase bone scans using 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate performed in 50 consecutive patients referred from a specialist sports injury clinic for suspected tibial stress fracture. The vascularity to the tibia as seen on the blood pool (second phase) images in the anterior/posterior views was compared with the lateral/medial view assessments. Stress fractures were presumed to be present when on the delayed images (third phase) there was a focal or fusiform area of increased tracer uptake involving the tibial cortex. Shin splints which are a recognized cause of lower limb pain in athletes mimicking stress fracture were diagnosed if increased tracer uptake was seen extending along the posterior tibial surface with no significant focal or fusiform area of uptake within this. Inter-reviewer agreement for the assessment of vascularity was also assessed using Cohen's Kappa scores.Twenty-four stress fractures in 24 patients and 66 shin splints in 40 patients were diagnosed. In 18 patients stress fracture and shin splints coexisted. In 10 patients no tibial pathology was identified. Of the 24 patients diagnosed with stress fractures, lateral/medial blood pool imaging was superior in the assessment of blood pool activity (P < 0.001) identifying increased vascularity in 21 cases compared with the anterior/posterior views positive in only 11 cases. The inter-reviewer agreement was near perfect for lateral/medial views, κ = 0.86 while very good for anterior/posterior views, κ = 0.68.In patients with suspected tibial stress fractures, lateral views of the tibia provide the optimal method for evaluation of vascularity. Prospective studies with quantitative or semi-quantitative assessment of skeletal vascularity could provide supplementary information relating to the pathophysiology of stress fractures, for example, the time scale of vascular changes after a tibial stress fracture, and potentially could have clinical relevance as to the assessment of the severity of stress fractures and their prognosis.
A phylogenetic analysis identifies heterogeneity among hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Katherine A. McGlynn, Michael N. Edmonson, Rita A. Michielli, W. Thomas London, Wen Yao Lin, Gong Chao Chen, Fu Min Shen, Kenneth H. Buetow
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant cause of cancer morbidity and mortality on the global scale. Although epidemiologic studies have identified major risk factors for HCC, the sequence of oncogenic events at the molecular level remains poorly understood. While genetic allele loss appears to be a common event, the significance of the loss is not clear. In order to determine whether allele loss appears to be a random event among HCCs or whether patterns of loss cluster in groups of tumors, a phylogenetic approach was used to examine 32 tumors for genome-wide loss of heterozygosity employing 391 markers. Clusters identified by the phylogenetic analysis were then contrasted to compare candidate locus variation among individuals and to determine whether certain clusters exhibited higher loss rates than other clusters. The analysis found that 3 major and 1 minor cluster of loss could be identified and, further, these clusters were distinguished by variable rates of loss (cluster 1, 29%; cluster 2, 21%; cluster 3, 16%). The analyses also indicated that the allele loss rates in HCC were not insignificant and that the patterns of allele loss were complex. In addition, the results indicated that an individual's constitutional genotype at the EPHX1 locus may be a critical factor in determining the path of tumor evolution. In conclusion, it appears that in HCC, allele loss is not random, but clusters into definable groups that are characterized by distinctive rates of loss.
Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Marvin A. Chinitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 October 1996Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis CMarvin A. ChinitzMarvin A. ChinitzMt. Kisco Medical Group, Mt. Kisco, NY 10549Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-8-199610150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a clinical gastroenterologist interested in viral hepatitis, I wish to point out two important, recently published articles that had conflicting conclusions despite similar data.Di Bisceglie and colleagues [1] reported that ribavirin was not effective in eradicating hepatitis C virus, despite its remarkable success in suppressing liver inflammation and viral RNA levels. Dienstag and coworkers [2] found lamivudine to be effective in suppressing hepatitis B inflammation and viral DNA levels. Each drug suppressed the virus studied to a more successful degree than any other drug available, yet ribavirin was considered a failure. If the virus cannot ...References1. Di Bisceglie AM, Conjeevaram HS, Fried MW, Sallie R, Park Y, Yurdaydin C, et al. Ribavirin as therapy for chronic hepatitis C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:897-903. Google Scholar2. Dienstag JL, Perrillo RP, Schiff ER, Bartholomew M, Vicary C, Rubin M. A preliminary trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B infection. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:1657-61. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mt. Kisco Medical Group, Mt. Kisco, NY 10549 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1996Volume 125, Issue 8Page: 699KeywordsDrugsHepatitisHepatitis AHepatitis BHepatitis CHepatitis C virusInflammationInterferonsLiverRNA Issue Published: 15 October 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...