tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHRONIC PULMONARY CHANGES AND BRONCHIAL ULCERATION IN AN ELECTRIC ARC WELDER
Authors: H. R. Nayer
Journal: JAMA (1942)

In 1936 Doig and McLaughlin<sup>1</sup>first described chronic roentgenographic changes in the lung fields of 16 arc welders. Subsequently Enzer and Sander<sup>2</sup>and Sander<sup>3</sup>reported similar findings in 10 of 26 welders examined. The roentgenographic abnormalities, discovered by surveys on apparently healthy workers, ranged from increased hilar shadows to a generalized fine or nodular mottling simulating silicosis. In all cases silicosis could be ruled out by the occupational history. The workers had no symptoms and were not disabled in any way. There was a history of long exposure to the products of arc welding, usually fifteen years or more. Those arc welders who showed pulmonary changes had, at some time, worked in a confined or poorly ventilated space for at least two years. Autopsy on one man who died in an accident revealed extensive intracellular deposition of iron pigment in the lungs and tracheobronchial nodes. There was
Health act's troubled rollout hammers popular support
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Complaints by consumers that they had their health insurance canceled, despite President Barack Obama’s oft repeated promise that Americans could keep their plans if they liked them, as well as reports of the health insurance exchange website’s botched rollout, have hammered popular support for the Affordable Care Act, a new poll has indicated.1

In the poll, conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation, nearly half, 49%, of those surveyed said that they now had an unfavorable view of the law, up five points from the …
Vasectomy and testicular cancer.
Authors: R. R. West
Journal: BMJ (1992)

doctors for general practice and how continuing education, audit, and research can be used to improve the service on offer and improve the profession's poor morale, which may be contributing to recruitment difficulties.General practice has probably the shortest period of training of all the medical specialties yet covers the broadest range of problems.Most training takes place in hospital rather than in primary care where the doctors will eventually practice.Is it time to redress the balance?Should trainees be able to spend an extra year in a training practice with greater emphasis on research and personal development?The potential for continuing education and audit in general practice is enormous.At last general practitioners are sharing ideas about patient care and practice management, yet inadequate funding of general practice tutors keeps these two important aspects apart.If continuing education was properly funded general practice tutors could work with individual practice teams on their problems as well as with groups of health professionals at district and regional levels.This change in educational emphasis should allow the profession to review standards and consider whether it can respond to the surprisingly high number of general practitioners who would welcome re-accreditation.Until the educational emphasis shifts to addressing the needs of individual doctors and practices education will continue mainly in the unsatis- factory lecture format.Primary care is one of the strengths of our system of health care.The health service reforms have recognised this.5 Now it is up to the profession to determine its future.
Abstract 3179: Redox signaling to nuclear respiratory factor-1 proteins by reactive oxygen species contributes to the estrogen-induced breast tumor development
Authors: Deodutta Roy, Quentin Felty, Victor Okoh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated redox signaling regulates estrogen-dependent growth of breast tumorigenesis and prospects for targeting these signaling pathways for therapeutic prevention and control of tumor growth. We present here for the first time that ROS generated by E2 exposure were responsible for in vitro MCF-7 cell tumor formation. This is evident from the inhibition of E2-induced ROS formation by ROS scavengers. H2O2 and O2•− seem to play important role in estrogen-mediated tumor growth redox signaling by inactivation of PTPs, such as, CDC25A, PTEN to prolong signaling through kinases, such as ERK and AKT. We observed a novel link between ROS-generated by estrogen, redox regulation of ERK and AKT-mediated signaling to nuclear regulatory protein, nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and ERα responsive gene expression in breast cancer cells and their involvement in the growth of estrogen-dependent breast tumor. NRF-1 serves as a nucleating factor to recruit signaling proteins involved in regulating estrogen-responsive cell cycle genes, and oxidative stress regulatable proteins. Findings of this study not only identify the new redox signaling pathway critical to the estrogen-dependent growth of breast tumors; but also provides important information for the design of redox signaling based therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Citation Format: Deodutta Roy, Quentin Felty, Victor Okoh. Redox signaling to nuclear respiratory factor-1 proteins by reactive oxygen species contributes to the estrogen-induced breast tumor development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3179. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3179
Data Sources for Improving Estimates of the Global Burden of Injuries: Call for Contributors
Authors: Kavi Bhalla, James Harrison, Jerry Abraham, Nagesh N Borse, Ronan Lyons, Soufiane Boufous, Limor Aharonson-Daniel
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

The Health in Action section is a forum for individuals or organizations to highlight their innovative approaches to a particular health problem.
Building a professional global disaster response team at an academic health-care institution: the professionalisation of humanitarian health-care workers
Authors: H Cranmer, M Aschkenasay
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundThe numbers of individuals affected by disasters and conflict are on the rise, similarly are the numbers of clinicans who seek to help. Although health-care workers want to provide immediate clinical care—as in field hospitals—disaster response requires a comprehensive set of knowledge, skills, and behaviour not taught in medical and nursing schools. With competency-based training and a vetted and credentialed workforce, academic medical institutions have the opportunity to augment emergency response for humanitiarian aid organisations. We aim to describe the minimum standards for building a professional disaster response team within an academic medical institution.MethodsThrough literature review and key informant interviews, we built a database to describe emergency response experience in 21 countries within 25 national and international aid organisations, governments, and academic universities. We created a checklist and applied this to responses for sudden onset and chronic crises. Key variables included deployment parameters, credentialing procedures, competency or skillset requirements, predeployment and postdeployment preparation, and types of organisational support.FindingsWe found large variation between organisations for emergency response, including the credentialling process, definition of competency or skillsets, implementation of deployment, and the extent of organisational support. From this analysis, we created a set of minimum standards for deployment, including physical and mental fitness, previous professional experience, team-based response, appropriate flexible skillset, approval or vetting by direct supervisors, initial or duration of availability, cultural or language competency, self reliance in austere conditions, communication skills, briefing and debriefing participation, and support from organisation.InterpretationMinimum standards and guidelines for institutions deploying health-care workers to disasters is a key step in professionalisation.FundingNone.
Large Foreign Body in Stomach, with Absence of Usual Symptoms
Authors: M. Clayton-Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1945)

MEDICTISHURA 631 whole of the bowel distal to it were full of blood, while the proximal bowel was collapsed and normal in colour.The diverticulum itself did not show any external evidence of inflammation, but there was a well-defined indurated area near the base.The diverticulum was excised and the bowel repaired transversely.The abdomen was closed without drainage.He made an uneventful recovery, and was discharged 20 days after operation.Examination of Specimen.-Onsection the absence of generalized inflammation was confirmed.Near the base was an indurated area half an inch in diameter, in the middle of which was a shallow ulcer a quarter of an inch in diameter, involving the mucosa only.In the centre of the ulcer was the open lumen of a small blood vessel from which blood could be expressed.Microscopical sec- tions taken thirough the middle of the ulcer showed the presence of gastric mucosa with oxyntic cells.I wish to thank Dr. H. H.
Micropuncture study of nephron function in the rhesus monkey
Authors: Cleaves M. Bennett, Barry M. Brenner, Robert W. Berliner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The function of the proximal and distal tubule was studied in the rhesus monkey during antidiuresis and during the diuresis after furosemide administration (during which extracellular fluid volume was maintained).In the proximal tubule, fluid to plasma ratios for sodium, potassium, and osmolality approximated unity. During antidiuresis, about 30% of the filtered water remained at the end of the accessible portion of this segment (92% of length). Fluid was hypotonic to plasma throughout the distal tubule. 25% of the filtered water was present in the early distal tubule. Small but significant water reabsorption (about 8% of filtered) occurred in remainder of this segment. Tubule fluid to plasma potassium concentration ratios tended to increase along the distal tubule, and the amount of potassium, relative to the amount filtered, increased from 13% in the early portion of this segment to 26% in the late portion.After furosemide was administered animals excreted about one-third of the filtered sodium and water. Despite this diuresis, electrolyte and water reabsorption along the proximal tubule did not differ from values obtained in control animals. Osmolality and sodium concentration of fluid from the distal tubule approached those of plasma. 22% of the filtered sodium (twice the control values) reached the distal tubule, whereas the fraction of filtered water remaining was only slightly increased. These findings indicate that, after the administration of this drug, inhibition of sodium reabsorption occurred in the water-impermeable segment of the nephron, rather than in the proximal tubule. After furosemide administration, all tubule fluid to plasma potassium concentration ratios in the distal tubule were equal to or greater than one, suggesting inhibition of active potassium reabsorption at or prior to this site.Fluid to plasma bicarbonate concentration ratios from the midportion of the proximal tubule were consistently less than one in normal monkeys. After acetazolamide was administered, the bicarbonate concentration of samples of tubule fluid recollected from these same sites was the same as, or higher than in plasma. This fact demonstrates the inhibition of bicarbonate reabsorption in this portion of the tubule.
Injury enhances TLR2 function and antimicrobial peptide expression through a vitamin D–dependent mechanism
Authors: Jürgen Schauber, Robert A. Dorschner, Alvin B. Coda, Amanda S. Büchau, Philip T. Liu, David Kiken, Yolanda R. Helfrich, Sewon Kang, Hashem Z. Elalieh, Andreas Steinmeyer, Ulrich Zügel, Daniel D. Bikle, Robert L. Modlin, Richard L. Gallo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

An essential element of the innate immune response to injury is the capacity to recognize microbial invasion and stimulate production of antimicrobial peptides. We investigated how this process is controlled in the epidermis. Keratinocytes surrounding a wound increased expression of the genes coding for the microbial pattern recognition receptors CD14 and TLR2, complementing an increase in cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide expression. These genes were induced by 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (1,25D3; its active form), suggesting a role for vitamin D3 in this process. How 1,25D3 could participate in the injury response was explained by findings that the levels of CYP27B1, which converts 25OH vitamin D3 (25D3) to active 1,25D3, were increased in wounds and induced in keratinocytes in response to TGF-beta1. Blocking the vitamin D receptor, inhibiting CYP27B1, or limiting 25D3 availability prevented TGF-beta1 from inducing cathelicidin, CD14, or TLR2 in human keratinocytes, while CYP27B1-deficient mice failed to increase CD14 expression following wounding. The functional consequence of these observations was confirmed by demonstrating that 1,25D3 enabled keratinocytes to recognize microbial components through TLR2 and respond by cathelicidin production. Thus, we demonstrate what we believe to be a previously unexpected role for vitamin D3 in innate immunity, enabling keratinocytes to recognize and respond to microbes and to protect wounds against infection.
Making a diagnosis in patients who present with vertigo
Authors: D. Kaski, A. M. Bronstein
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Not all vertigo is labyrinthitis 

Dizziness is a common problem. For many non-specialists the term “vertigo” has become synonymous with labyrinthitis, a label that is often attached to acute and chronic dizziness that is presumed to be benign in origin. However, vertigo is simply the illusion of movement, whereas labyrinthitis refers to inflammation of the labyrinth (vestibular and cochlear parts) and is exceptionally rare in clinical practice. Furthermore, vestibular neuritis—inflammation of the vestibular nerve with sparing of the cochlear nerve, which is more common than labyrinthitis—is also often referred to as “vestibular labyrinthitis.” It is important that patients who present with dizziness are given the correct diagnosis both to avoid missing serious neurological causes and to ensure that the right treatment is given.

The incidence of vestibular neuritis is about 3.5 per 100 000 population,1 although it is probably overdiagnosed and often misdiagnosed. In a study of patients referred to a specialist neuro-otology service with vestibular neuritis mislabelled as labyrinthitis, the diagnosis was correct in only 15%; most of the others had benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) or vestibular migraine.2 …
Trade liberalisation threatens public health systems
Authors: Alex Vass
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Increasing foreign investment in the health sector is a “poisoned chalice” for many countries and risks weakening their public health systems, an international children's aid charity has said.

Save the Children's warning comes as private sector investment in health services, such as private health care and health insurance, is being encouraged under the General Agreement on Trade in Service (GATS), which is …
CHEMICAL, CLINICAL, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTS OF HUMAN PLASMA FRACTIONATION. XXXVI. INACTIVATION OF THE VIRUS OF HOMOLOGOUS SERUM HEPATITIS IN SOLUTIONS OF NORMAL HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN BY MEANS OF HEAT 12
Authors: Sydney S. Gellis, John R. Neefe, Joseph Stokes, Lawrence E. Strong, Charles A. Janeway, George Scatchard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)
The association of targeted temperature management at 33 and 36 °C with outcome in patients with moderate shock on admission after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a post hoc analysis of the Target Temperature Management trial
Authors: Martin Annborn, John Bro-Jeppesen, Niklas Nielsen, Susann Ullén, Jesper Kjaergaard, Christian Hassager, Michael Wanscher, Jan Hovdenes, Tommaso Pellis, Paolo Pelosi, Matt P. Wise, Tobias Cronberg, David Erlinge, Hans Friberg
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
The war on cancer
Authors: M.B. Sporn
Journal: The Lancet (1996)

25 years ago, then President Nixon "declared" War on Cancer. In this personal commentary, the war is reviewed. There have been obvious triumphs, for instance in cure of acute lymphocytic leukaemia and other childhood cancers, Hodgkin's disease, and testicular cancer. However, substantial advances in molecular oncology have yet to impinge on mortality statistics. Too many adults still die from common epithelial cancers. Failure to appreciate that local invasion and distant metastasis rather then cell proliferation itself are lethal, obsession with cure of advanced disease rather than prevention of early disease, and neglect of the need to arrest preneoplastic lesions may all have served to make victory elusive.
Tumoral acidic extracellular pH targeting of pH-responsive MPEG-poly(β-amino ester) block copolymer micelles for cancer therapy
Authors: Jinyoung Ko, Kyeongsoon Park, Yoo-Shin Kim, Min Sang Kim, Jong Kwon Han, Kwangmeyung Kim, Rang-Woon Park, In-San Kim, Hyun Kyu Song, Doo Sung Lee, Ick Chan Kwon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Acute mitral valve obstruction during infective endocarditis.
Authors: R Prasquier, C Gibert, S Witchitz, P Valere, P Beaufils, F Vachon
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Five patients were found during surgery or at necropsy to have the mitral valve orifice obstructed by vegetations. They had had unexplained severe and recurrent episodes of acute febrile pulmonary oedema, and four had few cardiac ausculatory findings. Three patients died suddenly and unexpectedly; the other two were operated on and survived. In view of its ominous prognosis, acute mitral valve obstruction should be considered in patients whose pulmonary symptoms are compatible with endocarditis and are not adequately explained by the findings on examination of the heart. The condition, which should be confirmed by echocardiography, requires emergency surgery.
Replacement of Venography in Suspected Venous Thrombosis by Impedance Plethysmography and<sup>125</sup>I-Fibrinogen Leg Scanning
Authors: RUSSELL HULL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Noninvasive diagnostic testing is gaining acceptance in the evaluation of patients with clinically suspected venous thrombosis. Although clinically useful, all these tests have limitations, and the safety of basing therapeutic decisions on their outcome has not been assessed. We have done a prospective study of 322 symptomatic patients to ascertain the safety of replacing venography with impedance plethysmography and leg scanning. To provide a diagnostic reference, we did venography in all patients but withheld anticoagulants if the noninvasive tests were negative irrespective of the results of venography. None of the 163 patients with negative noninvasive tests died or developed clinical pulmonary embolism during 3 months' follow-up, confirming the safety of this approach. In two, clinically evident postvenographic venous thrombosis developed, confirmed by repetition of these objective tests. Also, the positive predictive values indicate that therapeutic decisions can be based on a positive noninvasive outcome in patients without clinical disorders known to produce false-positive results.
Recombinant human interleukin-1 induces meningitis and blood-brain barrier injury in the rat. Characterization and comparison with tumor necrosis factor.
Authors: V J Quagliarello, B Wispelwey, W J Long, W M Scheld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The diversity of infectious agents capable of inducing meningitis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury suggests the potential for a common host mediator. The inflammatory polypeptides, IL-1 and TNF, were tested in an experimental rat model as candidate mediators for induction of meningitis and BBB injury. Intracisternal challenge of rIL-1 beta into rats induced neutrophil emigration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and significantly increased BBB permeability to systemically administered 125I-BSA as early as 3 h later (P less than 0.05). This injury was reversible, dose dependent and significantly inhibited by prior induction of systemic neutropenia (via intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide) or preincubation of the rIL-1 beta inoculum (50 U) with an IgG monoclonal antibody to rIL-1 beta. Similar kinetics and reversibility of CSF inflammation and BSA permeability were observed using equivalent dose inocula of rIL-1 alpha. rTNF-alpha was less effective as an independent inducer of meningitis or BBB injury over an inoculum range of 10(1) U (0.0016 micrograms/kg)-10(6) U (160 micrograms/kg) when injected intracisternally, but inoculum combinations of low concentrations of rTNF alpha (10(3) U) and rIL-1 beta (0.0005-5.0 U) were synergistic in inducing both meningitis and BBB permeability to systemic 125I-BSA. These data suggest that in situ generation of interleukin-1 within CSF (with or without TNF) is capable of mediating both meningeal inflammation and BBB injury seen in various central nervous system infections.
Testicular Involvement of Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosed by Ga-67 Scintigraphy
Authors: TOSHIYUKI KIDA, MASAKI ANDOH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A case of testicular involvement of malignant lymphoma that showed concentration of Ga-67 is presented. Ga-67 scintigraphy gave the clue for the diagnosis. Therefore, this case indicates that Ga-67 scintigraphy is a very useful method in detecting the site and extension of testicular tumor, especially metastasis in lymph node.
Biogenic Amine-Containing Neurons: Biochemical Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
Authors: N.H. Neff, H.-Y.T. Yang, E. Garelis, S.S. Sampath
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

Brain contains multiple forms of monoamine oxidase. These enzymes are differentially effected by drugs and they appear to have preferred substrates. In the caudate nucleus, adenylate cyclase may be a receptor for dopamine. The waste products of amine metabolism are eliminated from CSF by a transport system located in the choroid plexuses.