tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Macrophage heterogeneity in normal colonic mucosa and in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: M C Allison, S Cornwall, L W Poulter, A P Dhillon, R E Pounder
Journal: Gut (1988)

Immunohistological techniques using monoclonal antibodies were employed to study the morphology and phenotypic expression of macrophage like cells in ulcerative colitis, Crohn9s colitis and histologically normal colonic mucosa. The antibody RFD1 identifies interdigitating (antigen presenting) cells whereas RFD7 binds to mature tissue macrophages. In normal colonic mucosa, the majority of cells recognised by these reagents were positive for Class II antigen expression and a median 87% (range 80-95%) were positive for both RFD1 and RFD7, with 6.5% (ranges 1-14%) positive for either antibody alone. There was much greater macrophage heterogeneity in the ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s colitis biopsies than in normal mucosa. Clusters of RFD9+ cells (epithelioid cells) were found in Crohn9s colitis and, to a lesser extent, in ulcerative colitis. Some Crohn9s colitis sections showed replacement of the normal colonic macrophage phenotype with RFD1-RFD7+ cells (classical scavenger macrophages). The degree of this replacement correlated with the histological severity of the disease. By contrast, large numbers of RFD1+ RFD7- cells, with long dendritic processes, were found in intimate association with the lymphoid infiltrates in the lamina propria of the ulcerative colitis sections. Future studies of the factors controlling macrophage differentiation in tissues may help to explain the greater macrophage heterogeneity in inflammatory bowel disease and the differences between ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s colitis observed in this study.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OF SYPHILITIC ORIGIN.
Authors: C. TRAVIS DRENNEN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

percentage is appreciably higher in the cases giving a history of heavy work.2. The percentage of palpable radial arteries is higher among those cases presenting a history of severe infec¬ tious diseases than among those in wiiich this history is absent or among those in which a history of no causal factor could be obtained.The proportion is, however, far below that in the case of work or alcohol.3. Rheumatism appears to be the acute infection after which the percentage of palpable vessels is highest, and next to rheumatism, typhoid fever.As previously stated, it is well recognized that the results of such an investigation as this justify only rather rough generalizations.Are we even warranted on a post hoc propter hoc principle, in assuming that work, alcohol and, in a sub¬ ordinate way, the infectious diseases are the main or
Hepatitis C in Organ Donors and Heart Transplant Recipients—Reply
Authors: Leanne B. Gasink, Emily A. Blumberg, A. Russell Localio, Ebbing Lautenbach, Shashank S. Desai, Ajay K. Israni
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relation between antibody and insulin dose.
Authors: J. G. Devlin, T. Brien, N. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

A definition of an arbovirus and a broad idea of the groups and the numbers isolated and causing human infection are given. The small incidence of clinical disease compared with overall infection rates is stressed. The conditions for the successful survival of arboviruses is outlined. The investigation of the illness and origin of infection is described. The role of viral antibody in the development of encephalitis and the use of cortisone in treatment is discussed. The over-wintering of arboviruses and their capacity for latency is considered in relationship to the perpetuation of virus and the pathogenic effects on the hosts involved.
Vaccination with HPV-18 E7–Pulsed Dendritic Cells in a Patient with Metastatic Cervical Cancer
Authors: Alessandro D. Santin, Stefania Bellone, Murat Gokden, Martin J. Cannon, Groesbeck P. Parham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: The report by Walsh et al. (Jan.24 issue) 1 of a trial of voriconazole, as compared with liposomal amphotericin B, for patients with neutropenia and persistent fever and the accompanying editorial and letter to the editor 2,3 leave many questions about what the trial actually demonstrated and how the findings should be applied.The abstract implies that the study showed equivalence and concludes, "Voriconazole is a suitable alternative to amphotericin B preparations."Yet the text and the accompanying editorial point out that the prespecified statistical criterion for equivalence was not met.To confuse the issue further, correspondents from the Food and Drug Administration provide alternative data, indicating that voriconazole was actually statistically inferior to liposomal amphotericin B with respect to overall success rates. 3Thus, whether the study showed equivalence, near equivalence, or frank inferiority remains unclear.Even if equivalence had been demonstrated, the clinical implications of the findings would remain uncertain.Therapeutic decision making must take into account not just efficacy and safety, as emphasized in the editorial, 2 but also cost.Avoidance of toxic effects may allow a net cost savings despite higher drug acquisition costs, 4 but that possibility requires empirical demonstration.
Trastuzumab Emtansine in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: An Integrated Safety Analysis
Authors: Véronique Diéras, Nadia Harbeck, G. Thomas Budd, Joel K. Greenson, Alice E. Guardino, Meghna Samant, Nataliya Chernyukhin, Melanie C. Smitt, Ian E. Krop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) combines the cytotoxic activity of DM1 with the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -targeted, antitumor properties of trastuzumab. T-DM1 has shown activity in phase I and II single-arm studies in patients with pretreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and has demonstrated superior efficacy and improved tolerability versus standard MBC treatments in randomized phase II and III studies. This analysis, combining available data from all single-agent T-DM1 studies to date, was conducted to better define the T-DM1 safety profile.Six studies in patients with HER2-positive MBC who received T-DM1 3.6 mg/kg every 3 weeks and follow-up data from patients in an extension study were analyzed. Analyses included adverse events (AEs) by grade; AEs leading to death, drug discontinuation, or dose reduction; and select AEs.Among 884 T-DM1-exposed patients, the most commonly reported all-grade AEs were fatigue (46.4%), nausea (43.0%), thrombocytopenia (32.2%), headache (29.4%), and constipation (26.5%). The most common grade 3 to 4 AEs were the laboratory abnormalities of thrombocytopenia (11.9%) and increased AST serum concentration (4.3%). These were manageable and not generally associated with clinical symptoms. There were 12 AE-related deaths. AEs resulted in dose reductions in 17.2% of patients and drug discontinuations in 7.0%.In this analysis of 884 T-DM1-exposed patients, grade 3 or greater AEs were infrequent and typically asymptomatic and manageable. This favorable safety profile makes T-DM1 treatment suitable for exploration in other breast cancer settings.
Thrombocytopenic Purpura Complicating Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: R. Finlayson
Journal: BMJ (1951)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Anterior mesoderm (AM) and definitive endoderm (DE) progenitors represent the earliest embryonic cell types that are specified during germ layer formation at the primitive streak (PS) of the mouse embryo. Genetic experiments indicate that both lineages segregate from <i>Eomes</i> expressing progenitors in response to different NODAL signaling levels. However, the precise spatiotemporal pattern of the emergence of these cell types and molecular details of lineage segregation remain unexplored. We combined genetic fate labeling and imaging approaches with scRNA-seq to follow the transcriptional identities and define lineage trajectories of <i>Eomes</i> dependent cell types. All cells moving through the PS during the first day of gastrulation express <i>Eomes</i>. AM and DE specification occurs before cells leave the PS from discrete progenitor populations that are generated in distinct spatiotemporal patterns. Importantly, we don’t find evidence for the existence of progenitors that co-express markers of both cell lineages suggesting an immediate and complete separation of AM and DE lineages. <h3>Summary statement</h3> Cells lineages are specified in the mouse embryo already within the primitive streak where <i>Mesp1</i>+ mesoderm and <i>Foxa2</i>+ endoderm are generated in a spatial and temporal sequence from unbiased progenitors.
The mTOR inhibitor CCI-779 induces apoptosis and inhibits growth in preclinical models of primary adult human ALL
Authors: David T. Teachey, Dana A. Obzut, Jonathan Cooperman, Junjie Fang, Martin Carroll, John K. Choi, Peter J. Houghton, Valerie I. Brown, Stephan A. Grupp
Journal: Blood (2005)
Saltiness of Monosodium Glutamate And Sodium Intake
Authors: Linda M. Bartoshuk
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was originally introduced for use in foods as a "flavor enhancer," ie, it was added in small amounts to improve the flavors of other food constituents without adding a flavor of its own. However, MSG is sold in shaker containers that direct the consumer to "sprinkle to taste at the table." Used in this manner, MSG becomes a condiment or seasoner that adds its own palatable salty taste to foods. Most individuals concerned about sodium intake probably realize that MSG is a source of sodium. However, they do not realize that MSG is less salty than NaCl of equivalent sodium content. This suggests that using MSG to season foods could actually increase sodium intake. We quantified the tastes of MSG and NaCl with a standard psychophysical procedure<sup>1</sup>in which ten paid volunteers (primarily Yale undergraduate students) were instructed to estimate the magnitude of
<i>IL28B</i>genetic variation and treatment response in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection
Authors: Amir Moghaddam, Espen Melum, Nils Reinton, Helmer Ring-Larsen, Hans Verbaan, Kristian Bjφro, Olav Dalgard
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Polymorphisms near the IL28B gene, which code for interferon (IFN)-λ3, predict response to pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infected patients. Follow-up studies of the effect of IL28B gene in HCV non-genotype 1 infected patients have almost always used predominantly HCV genotype 2-infected or mixed genotype 2/3-infected cohorts with results partly conflicting with HCV genotype 1. We performed a retrospective analysis of 281 patients infected with HCV genotype 3 for association of response to therapy with IL28B polymorphisms. We found that the HCV genotype 1 responder genotypes at rs12979860 and rs8099917 did not associate with sustained virological response to PEG-IFN/ribavirin therapy. However, the responder genotypes of both SNPs showed association with rapid viral response measured at 4 weeks (rs12979860, P = 3 × 10(-5) ; rs8099917, P = 3 × 10(-4) ). In multivariate analysis, age (<40 years), baseline viral load (<4 × 10(5) IU/mL) and the responder genotypes of SNPs rs12979860 or rs8099917 remained significant independent predictors of rapid viral response to therapy. Furthermore, we show that IL28B polymorphisms are associated with relapse in patients who achieve rapid viral response to PEG-IFN/ribavirin therapy. The responder genotypes also showed association with markers of stage and activity of liver disease, namely high aspartate aminotransferase platelet ratio index (APRI, rs12979860, P = 0.018; rs8099917, not significant) and high alanine aminotransferase (ALT, rs12979860, P = 0.002; rs8099917, P = 0.001), in addition to a high baseline viral load (rs12979860, P = 1.4 × 10(-5) ; rs8099917, P = 7.3 × 10(-6) ). Polymorphisms near the IL28B gene show association with rapid viral response but not sustained viral response to PEG-IFN/ribavirin therapy in HCV genotype 3-infected patients.
Temporal Trends in the Incidence and Prognosis of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Andreas Martinsson, Xinjun Li, Charlotte Andersson, Johan Nilsson, J. Gustav Smith, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— The aging of Western populations is expected to result in increasing occurrence of aortic stenosis (AS), but data are limited. Recent studies have reported declining incidence and mortality for other major heart diseases. We aimed to study temporal trends in the incidence and prognosis for AS in Sweden. Methods and Results— With the use of nationwide registers, all adult patients in the Swedish population with a first diagnosis of AS, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and aortic valve replacement for AS between 1989 and 2009 were identified and followed up until the end of 2010 for all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality. The age-adjusted incidence of AS in Sweden declined from 15.0 to 11.4 in men and 9.8 to 7.1 in women per 100 000 between 1989 to 1991 and 2007 to 2009, and the median age at diagnosis increased by 4 years for both men and women. The age- and sex-adjusted relative risk of 1- and 3-year mortality in 2007 to 2009 was 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.63) and 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.65), respectively, compared with 1989 to 1991. Similar improvements were observed for heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. Findings were broadly consistent across subgroups. Postoperative mortality at 30 days declined despite increased median age at diagnosis. Conclusions— Incidence and mortality rates in AS in Sweden declined between 1989 and 2009 to an extent similar to that observed for heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. These findings could suggest that improved risk factor control and cardiovascular therapy, combined with increased use of aortic valve replacement in the elderly and reduced perioperative mortality in aortic valve replacement, have translated into favorable effects for AS.
Bronchial Asthma — Views on Therapy
Authors: Irving W. Schiller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ASTHMA, one of the most common afflictions of mankind, continues to vex and challenge the ingenuity of the physician. It is characterized by bronchospasm, bronchial edema and secretions, occurring either alone or in combination, causing obstruction of the airway down to the smallest air passages. These manifestations may give rise to alterations in the lung volumes, breathing capacities, distribution of the inspired air and exchange of lung and blood gases. Of the pharmacologic substances involved in asthma and especially anaphylactic shock histamine is probably the most important. Among other substances concerned the relative importance of acetylcholine, heparin, a slow reacting . . .
Report calls for action to improve careers in academic medicine
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Urgent action is needed to make clinical academic medicine—combining teaching and research with care of patients—a more attractive career path for doctors, as the lack of people going into the field is threatening medical education and new research, warned a UK report published last month.

The report warned that the number of junior academic staff in the United Kingdom had gone down by 23% over the past three years. Universities had reported difficulties in recruiting and retaining clinical academics and less funding for academic posts over the past few years. The potential lack of staff to teach medicine was considered particularly acute because medical student numbers were projected to rise by 40% by 2005.

Professor Charles Pusey, chairman of the Forum on Academic Medicine, a group of representatives from the medical royal colleges and the Academy of Medical Sciences that developed the report, and academic …
Quantifying Diastolic Function in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Harry Rakowski, Shemy Carasso
Journal: Circulation (2007)

ypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary autosomal-dominant disorder of the myocardium caused by mutations in sarcomeric contractile proteins.2][3] There is tremendous heterogeneity in the phenotypic expression of HCM, which is generally unrelated to genotype.This is shown by the variability of the age of onset of clinical disease, degree and location of hypertrophy, and presence and site of intraventricular dynamic pressure gradients.Despite this heterogeneity, almost all patients with HCM have some degree of diastolic dysfunction.The presence of subtle changes in LV filling may even identify patients with preclinical disease without LV hypertrophy.Interventions such as medical therapy, septal alcohol ablation, and surgical myectomy improve symptoms by both reducing the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract gradients and improving diastolic function.
Tax calories to end the buffet syndrome
Authors: Kinesh Patel
Journal: BMJ (2012)

There is a wonderful delicatessen at the top of our road, filled with treats. The best of these is the “rocky road,” a gourmet bar containing a delectable combination of biscuit, marshmallow, and of course chocolate. I like to eat healthily—but I confess that every once in a while I spend the £2.95 (€3.69; $4.77) and buy one. It never lasts the journey home.

But what if it cost 30p? Would I, an educated health professional with a disposable income, buy and eat more? I would like to think not; but I know that …
Hemoglobin F‐Cincinnati, α<sub>2</sub><sup>G</sup>γ<sub>2</sub> 41(C7) Phe → Ser in a newborn with cyanosis
Authors: Mudra Kohli‐Kumar, Theodore Zwerdling, Donald L. Rucknagel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract A term infant presented with mild cyanosis without evidence of hypoxia. Cardiopulmonary disease, polycythemia, and methemoglobinemia were excluded. Standard hemoglobin electrophoresis, including isoelectric focusing, were normal. However, by reversephase C 4 HPLC, an abnormal globin chain was detected. Analysis of tryptic peptides and amino acid sequence showed that the patient had an amino acid substitution Phe→Ser at residue 41(C7) in the G γ chain. This was confirmed by DNA sequencing that demonstrated a point mutation at the expected site in exon 2 of the G γ gene, accounting for the appropriate change in the codon. This substitution, hemoglobin F‐Cincinnati, α 2 γ 2 41(C7) Phe→Ser, not previously described, presumably decreased oxygen affinity of the hemoglobin. This substitution is very near the heme group and the α 1 β 2 interface and, hence, in a crucial area of the globin chain. Abnormalities of γ globin chains tend to be overlooked due to their transient presence and trivial clinical symptomatology, or due to “in utero” selection when physiologically abnormal. Mutant hemoglobins with altered oxygen affinity should be included in the differential diagnosis of newborns presenting with cyanosis, in whom all common causes have been excluded. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterisation of decay of frequency induced potentiation and post-extrasystolic potentiation
Authors: H. E D J t. Keurs, W. D. Gao, H. Bosker, A. J Drake-Holland, M. I M Noble
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Characterisation of decay of frequency induced potentiation and post-extrasystolic potentiation Get access Henk E D J ter Keurs, Henk E D J ter Keurs Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Horseferry Road, London SW1 2AR Correspondence to: Professor ter Keurs, at the Department of Medicine and Medical Physiology, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4NI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wei Dong Gao, Wei Dong Gao Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Horseferry Road, London SW1 2AR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans Bosker, Hans Bosker Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Horseferry Road, London SW1 2AR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Angela J Drake-Holland, Angela J Drake-Holland Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Horseferry Road, London SW1 2AR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark I M Noble Mark I M Noble Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Horseferry Road, London SW1 2AR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 11, November 1990, Pages 903–910, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.11.903 Published: 01 November 1990 Article history Received: 22 May 1989 Accepted: 20 June 1990 Published: 01 November 1990
Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease.
Authors: J. S. Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers SIR,-Dr.1).V&el (4 May, p. 301) raises several interesting points concerning the choice of a system for long-term cardiac pacing, but I do not think it is correct foi comparisons to be made between a nation- wide survey of implanted pacemakers and the results obtained at one special centre using the induction method.It is a simple matter to select another centre using implantable pacemakers with results fully comparable tc those obtained by Dr. Verel.
Taking Aim at Handgun Violence
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

IMAGINE a preventable illness that kills 40000 and harms another 240 000 each year in the United States. Suppose that its direct and indirect costs surpass $14 billion annually, 80% of which is picked up by taxpayers. Imagine, too, that more than one fourth of those who succumb are just 15 to 24 years old. Few in the medical community would hesitate to screen and counsel patients at risk for such an illness. Yet many physicians do not discuss firearm injury with their patients, despite this enormous toll that it takes. John P. May, MD, recognized the gap a few years ago during his residency at Cook County Hospital in Chicago, Ill. After having volunteered in a soup kitchen at a nearby Chicago housing project, May says that during his residency he "started to recognize the impact of violence on the community. In the trauma ward, I knew some of
Combination of aligned PLGA/Gelatin electrospun sheets, native dental pulp extracellular matrix and treated dentin matrix as substrates for tooth root regeneration
Authors: Gang Chen, Jinlong Chen, Bo Yang, Lei Li, Xiangyou Luo, Xuexin Zhang, Lian Feng, Zongting Jiang, Mei Yu, Weihua Guo, Weidong Tian
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)