tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4555: ERβ alters cell growth and the DNA damage response in lung cancer cells
Authors: Fotis Nikolos, Gayani K. Rajapaksa, Christoforos G. Thomas, Jan-Ake Gustafsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, in both men and women. Estrogen receptors that mediate the biological effects of estrogen and ant-estrogens are very important for the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in various human tissues. Recent data suggest that estrogen receptors may affect the initiation and progression of lung cancer. Here we show that estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is expressed endogenously and it is localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus in the lung cancer cell line A549. Treatment of these cells with 17beta-estradiol does not alter the subcellular distribution of ERβ. Induction in the expression of ERβ in the same cells inhibits cell growth and modulates their resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy in a ligand-independent manner. These results suggest ERβ as an important player in biology of lung cancer and a potentially useful component in the clinical management of the disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4555. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4555
Chlamydia pneumoniae, overall and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Authors: Carmine Zoccali, Francesca Mallamaci, Giovanni Tripepi, Saverio Parlongo, Sebastiano Cutrupi, Frank Antonio Benedetto, Grazia Bonanno, Giuseppe Seminara, Pasquale Fatuzzo, Francesco Rapisarda, Lorenzo Salvatore Malatino
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Electrophysiological effects of adenosine in the transplanted human heart. Evidence of supersensitivity.
Authors: K A Ellenbogen, M D Thames, J P DiMarco, H Sheehan, B B Lerman
Journal: Circulation (1990)

After cardiac transplantation, the denervated donor atria and ventricles demonstrate increased sensitivity to infusions of sympathomimetic amines. Recently, supersensitivity of the canine sinus and atrioventricular (AV) nodes to acetylcholine has also been demonstrated after parasympathetic denervation. Acetylcholine and the endogenous nucleoside adenosine exert similar electrophysiological effects in both the sinus and AV nodes, and share a common transduction process. We, therefore, hypothesized that after orthotopic cardiac transplantation, the donor (denervated) sinus node would demonstrate greater sensitivity to exogenous adenosine than the recipient (innervated) sinus node. The effects of incremental doses of intravenous adenosine (37-112 micrograms/kg) on changes in sinus cycle length (SCL) (delta SCLmax%), changes in PR interval (delta PRmax%), time to peak effect (sec), and duration of electrophysiological effects (sec) were prospectively measured in 28 orthotopic cardiac transplant patients and nine control subjects. The baseline SCL was 795 +/- 71 msec for the control subjects, 891 +/- 43 msec for the recipient atria, and 700 +/- 18 msec for the donor atria (p less than 0.05, donor vs. recipient). The delta SCLmax% for each dose of adenosine was similar in the innervated control and recipient atria. In contrast, the donor sinus node demonstrated a threefold to fourfold increased response to adenosine as compared with the recipient sinus node and a threefold to sixfold increased response as compared with control subjects. Similarly, the donor AV node demonstrated a threefold to fivefold increase in PR interval as compared with control subjects. The duration of sinus node slowing in the denervated atria was threefold to fivefold longer than in the recipient and control atria (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 4: Gene amplification of EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hiroaki Kato, Tokuzo Arao, Kazuko Matsumoto, Yoshihiko Fujita, Hideharu Kimura, Kouhei Nishiki, Osamu Shiraishi, Atsushi Yasuda, Ying-Feng Peng, Masayuki Shinkai, Motohiro Imano, Haruhiko Imamoto, Takushi Yasuda, Kiyotaka Okuno, Hitoshi Shiozaki, Kazuto Nishio
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its family members HER2, HER3 and HER4 are found in a variety of human malignancies and their roles in cancer development and progression has been widely recognized for long time. Molecular drugs targeting EGFR family, such as small-molecule inhibitors and specific monoclonal antibodies, are now under intensive investigation in clinical setting. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), EGFR and HER2 are frequently overexpressed and their poor prognostic impacts have been reported to date. However, there is no study evaluating gene amplification of EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4 simultaneously in ESCC in a large cohort. We examined gene amplification of EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4 using realtime PCR-based copy number assay on 196 surgical specimens of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Gene amplification of EGFR and HER2 (copy number &amp;gt; 4) was observed in 7 % and 11%, respectively. Although the copy numbers were relatively low, we found gene amplification of HER3 and HER4 to be observed in 8% and 7%, respectively. Gene amplification at least one or more genes was observed in 23 % (45/196) of ESCC samples. Overlapping gene amplification was identified in 8 % (15/196) of samples. In relation with clinical characteristics, gene amplification of HER2 and HER4 was significantly involved in shorter relapse-free survivals in stage III ESCC. In conclusion, gene amplification of EGFR family was frequently observed in ESCC and PCR-based copy number assay could be a powerful tool for detecting gene amplification using FFPE samples. Our results strongly encourage the development of EGFR family-targeted therapy for ESCC with gene amplification. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor inhibits spontaneous cytochrome c release and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of myelodysplastic syndrome hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Ramin Tehranchi, Bengt Fadeel, Ann-Mari Forsblom, Birger Christensson, Jan Samuelsson, Boris Zhivotovsky, Eva Hellstrom-Lindberg
Journal: Blood (2003)
SIRT1 Is Significantly Elevated in Mouse and Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Derek M. Huffman, William E. Grizzle, Marcas M. Bamman, Jeong-su Kim, Isam A. Eltoum, Ada Elgavish, Tim R. Nagy
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Evidence suggests that the histone deacetylase, SIRT1, is a mediator of life span extension by calorie restriction; however, SIRT1 may paradoxically increase the risk of cancer. To better understand the relationship among SIRT1, energy balance, and cancer, two experiments were done. First, a transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate; TRAMP) was used to determine the role of energy balance on SIRT1 expression and the effect of cancer stage on SIRT1 and hypermethylated in cancer-1 (HIC-1). Second, immunohistochemistry was done on human prostate tumors to determine if SIRT1 was differentially expressed in tumor cells versus uninvolved cells. Results show that SIRT1 is not increased in the dorsolateral prostate (DLP) of calorie-restricted mice during carcinogenesis. In contrast, when examined in the DLP as a function of pathologic score, SIRT1 was significantly elevated in mice with poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas compared with those with less-advanced disease. HIC-1, which has been shown to regulate SIRT1 levels, was markedly reduced in the same tumors, suggesting that a reduction in HIC-1 may be in part responsible for the increased expression of SIRT1 in prostatic adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, immunostaining of human prostate tumors showed that cancer cells had greater SIRT1 expression than uninvolved cells. In conclusion, DLP SIRT1 expression from calorie-restricted mice was not altered during carcinogenesis. However, SIRT1 expression was increased in mice with poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and in human prostate cancer cells. Because SIRT1 may function as a tumor promoter, these results suggest that SIRT1 should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6612–8]
MEN ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE THAN WOMEN TO THE EFFECTS OF OBESITY ON CARDIAC GLUCOSE METABOLISM
Authors: Chun H. Lin, Pilar Herrero, Pablo Soto, Jasdeep Sidhu, Suraj Kurup, Al Waggoner, Deborah L. Delano, Robert J. Gropler, Linda R. Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Cost-appropriateness of Whole Body vs Limited Bone Imaging for Suspected Focal Sports Injuries
Authors: CONRAD E. NAGLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Bone imaging has been recognized as a useful diagnostic tool in detecting the presence of focal musculoskeletal injury when radiographs are normal. A retrospective review of bone images in a small number of amateur athletes indicates that secondary injuries were commonly detected at sites different from the site of musculoskeletal pain being evaluated for injury. While a larger study will be necessary to confirm the data, this review suggests that it is medically justified and cost-appropriate to perform imaging of the entire skeleton as opposed to imaging limited to the anatomic site of pain and suspected injury.
Anaesthetist loses final appeal
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

An anaesthetist found guilty of manslaughter four years ago for causing the death of a patient had his appeal unanimously rejected by the House of Lords last week. Five law lords, including the Lord Chancellor, Lord Mackay, held that the trial judge had correctly summed up the law to the jury that convicted Dr John Adomako in 1990.

The prosecution arose from the death of Alan Loveland, 33, during an operation for a detached retina at the Mayday Hospital, Croydon, in …
Transport of immunoglobulins from serum into colostrum.
Authors: J F Halsey, B H Johnson, J J Cebra
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Oligomeric, J-chain-containing immunoglobulins were observed to be transferred selectively from serum into colostrum. These studies suggest that, in the case of the mammary gland secretion, a significant role for extraglandular synthesis of IgA merits consideration. Thus, for example, colostrum may contain antibodies synthesized locally as well as antibodies synthesized in the much larger lymphoid tissues such as the gut lamina propria.
A REMARKABLE CASE.
Authors: W. J. GALBRAITH
Journal: JAMA (1891)

I am interested a little bit in the subject of gun-shot wounds of the abdomen.I do not be¬ lieve in statistics; you can prove anything by statistics, even a fact.I am quite sure that Dr. Etheridge in his quotation of statistics has taken them from the monograph of friends of mine in New York, Drs.Stimpson and Mauley.Appar¬ ently they have collected all the bad cases, and, just so as to not make it too bad, they have put in a few good cases.People would not believe them if they said all the cases were fatal.That is all right.Doctors are apt to make their side of the question the most reasonable side if they can; that is all right too.There is no question but that the doctor is responsible always when he takes human life in his hands, but there should be a little liberality shown him when he takes a case of this kind, in which the life of the individual is absolutely gone, as in the vast majority of cases of gun-shot wounds of the abdomen; certainly if it isa fatal wound, he should not be blamed if occa¬ sionally he happens to lose a case of gun-shot wound of the abdomen.
Prostate Cancer — Uncertainty and a Way Forward
Authors: Ian M. Thompson, Catherine M. Tangen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Three important studies published in the Journal during the past 3 years have addressed key issues related to prostate cancer. Two articles described large trials of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and reached opposite conclusions regarding the impact of screening on the risk of death from prostate cancer.1,2 In this issue of the Journal, Wilt and colleagues3 report the results of a study that asked whether radical prostatectomy, as compared with observation, improved survival among men with prostate cancer. Collectively, these three studies suggest that a national focus on PSA screening and treatment for prostate cancer may have a marginal . . .
Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Expression After Heart Transplantation Is Associated With a Reduced Incidence of Rejection
Authors: Nermine Lila, Catherine Amrein, Romain Guillemain, Patrick Chevalier, Christian Latremouille, Jean-Noël Fabiani, Jean Dausset, Edgardo D. Carosella, Alain Carpentier
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, a nonclassic major histocompatibility complex class I molecule expressed in the extravillous cytotrophoblast at the feto-maternal interface, is known to protect the fetus from maternal cellular immunity. In a preliminary study, we showed that HLA-G is expressed in the hearts of some patients after heart transplantation. Methods and Results — In the present study, a larger number of patients was investigated to confirm this finding and to look for possible correlations between HLA-G expression and the number and types of rejection. Expression of HLA-G in endomyocardial biopsy specimens was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis, and detection of the soluble HLA-G in the serum was performed by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis. HLA-G was detected in the biopsy specimens and serum of 9 of 51 patients (18%). The number of episodes of acute rejection was significantly lower in HLA-G-positive patients (1.2±1.1) as compared with HLA-G-negative patients (4.5±2.8) ( P &lt;0.001). No chronic rejection was observed in HLA-G-positive patients, whereas 15 HLA-G-negative patients had chronic rejection ( P &lt;0.032). A longitudinal study of these patients reveals that the status of HLA-G expression was maintained after 6 months both in serum and in biopsy specimens. During this period, HLA-G-positive patients did not have chronic rejection. Conclusions — There is a significant correlation between rejection and HLA-G expression in the heart after transplantation. HLA-G expression and its effect in reducing the incidence and severity of rejection seem to be stable throughout the evolution.
What memory is for: Creating meaning in the service of action
Authors: Arthur M. Glenberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

I address the commentators' calls for clarification of theoretical terms, discussion of similarities to other proposals, and extension of the ideas. In doing so, I keep the focus on the purpose of memory: enabling the organism to make sense of its environment so that it can take action appropriate to constraints resulting from the physical, personal, social, and cultural situations.
Autoantibodies and the Spectrum of Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: M. MARTINEZ-LAVIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

In studies reported recently, the sera of patients with Sjögren's syndrome were found to contain precipitating antibodies to nuclear antigens that can be identified by immunodiffusion analysis. These precipitating autoantibodies have been termed SS-A and SS-B antibodies. We show that identification of these autoantibodies helped in establishing the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome in 12 of 30 patients in whom the diagnosis had not been considered at the time of the physician's initial examination. The reasons for this were related to lack of spontaneous complaints of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia and prominence of symptoms associated with arthritis, myalgia, pulmonary fibrosis, and cardiac disease. This study re-emphasizes the importance of multisystem disease in Sjögren's syndrome and shows that specific serologic assays for autoantibodies aided in diagnosis.
Broxaterol increases force output of fatigued canine diaphragm more than salbutamol.
Authors: E Derom, G Gayan-Ramirez, G Gurrieri, V de Bock, M Decramer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We previously demonstrated that broxaterol enhanced recovery of fatigued canine diaphragm. The aim of this study was to compare the inotropic effects of salbutamol and broxaterol on fatigued canine diaphragm. Low-frequency fatigue was induced in 14 mongrel dogs by electrophrenic stimulation, which was continued until transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) at 20 Hz was reduced by 50% or for 1 h. After stabilization of fatigue, the animals received a bolus (18.5 microg/kg) of either broxaterol or salbutamol, followed by a continuous infusion (0.43 microg/kg/min). A second bolus of 74.0 microg/kg, followed by a continuous infusion of 1.72 microg/kg/min, was given after 90 min. Both drugs significantly increased twitch Pdi. Twitch Pdi measured 90 min after the first and second doses of broxaterol increased by 28 +/- 23% and 42 +/- 34%, respectively, whereas the salbutamol-induced increase was clearly smaller (9 +/- 10% and 17 +/- 15%, respectively). Broxaterol increased Pdi at 20 Hz by 25 +/- 28% with the first dose and by 29 +/- 21% with the second dose. In contrast, salbutamol did not alter Pdi at 20 Hz. Neither drug affected Pdi at 100 Hz. We conclude that broxaterol promoted recovery of low-frequency fatigue of the canine diaphragm in vivo in a dose-dependent manner, whereas salbutamol only minimally improved force production by the fatigued diaphragm.
Cystic fibrosis sweat test for newborns
Authors: W. J. Warwick
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The high incidence of cystic fibrosis in newborn infants, the high mortality in the first year of life if special treatment is not available, and the improvement in mortality when prophylactic pulmonary therapy is added to conventional therapy are the reasons for the urgent search for a sweat test which can be applied routinely to newborn infants.  Incidence  The incidence of cystic fibrosis is unknown, but the estimates 1-9 made in the United States indicate that the true incidence is likely to be between one in 1,000 to 1,400 live-born white infants (Table). The incidence of cystic fibrosis in Negro infants is about 1/9 that in white infants. In comparison with estimates for other congenital or hereditary childhood diseases, cystic fibrosis is about one half as common as mongolism; about as common as club foot, dislocation of the hip, or cleft lip; and about ten times as common as phenylketonuria
The Importance of Oxygen in the Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning
Authors: Constantin Cope
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A high tension of oxygen can block the respiratory gasp reaction to intravenous cyanide in man; it can partially reverse electrocardiographic anoxic changes of a dog poisoned by cyanide; it can protect goldfish from lethal doses of this histotoxic agent. The protective effect of oxygen against lethal doses of cyanide on dogs and rabbits has also been reported by other workers. These facts demonstrate conclusively that oxygen is of paramount importance in the immediate treatment of cyanide poisoning. A plea is made that workers with chronic cerebral, cardiac, or pulmonary disease be excluded from handling cyanide products. Oxygen, sodium nitrite, and thiosulfate in combination are believed to represent the best present-day therapy of cyanide intoxication.
Prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases: A common strategy?
Authors: Josep M. Argilés, Neus Carbó, Paola Costelli, Francisco J. López-Soriano
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1998)

Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are two pathological states involving uncontrolled proliferation of either tumor or vascular smooth muscle cells. Interestingly, both types of disease can be prevented by the same type of chemical agent, such as marine polyunsaturated fatty acids, sulfur-containing compounds present in garlic, and wine polyphenols, among others, which seem to be fairly effective in the prevention of certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This is supported by numerous epidemiological studies and laboratory experiments involving animal models. It is therefore suggested that the mode of action of these compounds interfering with the development of these pathological states share some common trends. This could be taken into consideration in future studies related to the molecular mechanisms leading to these diseases as well as with the chemopreventive potential of some dietary components. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med. Res. Rev., 18, No. 3, 139–148, 1998.
Meta-Analysis and the Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health
Authors: Martin Schumacher, Gerta Rücker, Guido Schwarzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The 1964 U.S. Surgeon General's report on smoking and health included substantial use of a meta-analysis by statistician William G. Cochran that was far ahead of its time. A reconstruction of that meta-analysis includes a forest plot of the crucial results.
Research on Humans Published in JAMA-Reply
Authors: Hans O. Lobel
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We share with Dr Hill his concerns regarding research on human subjects, and the protocol for the questionnaire survey was reviewed and approved by the Centers for Disease Control, the Public Health Service, and the Office for Management and Budget.<sup>1</sup>Anonymity was preserved and no identifying information was solicited; none of the questions inquired about "embarrassing or illegal activities." Dr Hill is further concerned that the questions may provoke anxiety and generate questions that could not be answered by the personnel involved. To address such potential situations, the questionnaire contained the following statement: "Information about malaria and malaria prevention may be obtained from your physician, your health department, or the quarantine officer meeting this flight." In addition, a detailed written statement about malaria risk and malaria prevention was available to any interested passenger. This statement also included the address and telephone number of the investigators at the
Organic osmolyte transport in quiescent and activated rat hepatic stellate cells (ito cells)
Authors: Thorsten Peters-Regehr, Johannes G. Bode, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) results in multiple alterations of cell function, but nothing is known about organic osmolytes in these cells. Organic osmolyte transport and transporter messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was studied in quiescent rat HSCs and after their transformation into α 1 -smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblastlike cells. Quiescent stellate cells expressed in an osmosensitive manner the mRNA levels of the transporters for taurine (TAUT) and myoinositol (SMIT), whereas that for betaine was not detectable. However, these cells showed osmosensitive uptake not only of taurine and myoinositol but also of betaine. Osmosensitive betaine uptake was mediated by amino acid transport system A. After transformation into myofibroblasts, taurine and myoinositol uptake increased 5.5–fold and 4.5–fold, respectively, together with the respective transporter mRNA levels. Betaine uptake increased twofold because of osmosensitive induction of BGT1 expression. In both quiescent and activated HSCs, hypoosmotic cell swelling induced a rapid and 4,4′–diisothiocyanatostilbene–2,2′–disulphonic acid-sensitive osmolyte efflux. In quiescent HSCs, hyperosmotic exposure increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of cyclooxygenase–2, which was counteracted by taurine but not by betaine or myoinositol. The study identifies taurine, myoinositol, and betaine as osmolytes in HSCs. Transformation of HSCs is accompanied by enhanced osmolyte transport activity and induction of the BGT1 transporter, which may be another activation marker of HSCs.