tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Renal Failure — The Promise of New Therapies
Authors: Humes Hd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Acute tubular necrosis is common in acutely ill hospitalized patients, with mortality rates exceeding 50 percent.1 The regenerative capacity of kidneys damaged by acute tubular necrosis is substantial, and minimizing renal injury or accelerating renal recovery may therefore have a substantial effect on patients' survival. Accordingly, identifying new therapeutic approaches to alter the natural history of the disease and reduce morbidity and mortality is a pressing challenge.2 In this issue of the Journal, Allgren et al. report the results of a prospective study of anaritide, a 25-amino-acid synthetic form of atrial natriuretic peptide, in patients with acute tubular necrosis.3 The . . .
FDA Committee Recommends Combined DTP, Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A SIMPLIFIED PEDIATRIC immunization schedule appears about ready to become a reality. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, Md, has been advised by one of its review committees to license a combined diphtheria-tetanus-(whole-cell) pertussis vaccine linked with a<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b conjugate vaccine. The result would be to reduce by half the number of injections that infants and children receive to be immunized against these diseases. David McLintock, PhD, Lederle-Praxis Laboratories, a division of American Cyanamid Co, Wayne, NJ, says: "The two vaccines overlap in their use, being given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age with a booster at 15 to 18 months. So it was natural to combine them into a single ready-to-use vaccine." <h3>Advisory Committee Meeting</h3> McLintock spoke at a meeting of the advisory committee on vaccines and related biological products of the FDA's Center for Biologics and Evaluation and Research. Although there was
Effect of physical exercise on lipoprotein(a) and low-density lipoprotein modifications in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Mercedes Rigla, Jose L. Sánchez-Quesada, Jordi Ordóñez-Llanos, Teresa Prat, Assumpta Caixàs, Oscar Jorba, Josep R. Serra, Alberto de Leiva, Antonio Pérez
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Relative Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Drugs for Preventing Nonvertebral Fracture
Authors: Suzanne M. Cadarette, Jeffrey N. Katz, M. Alan Brookhart, Til Stürmer, Margaret R. Stedman, Daniel H. Solomon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Little information is available on the comparative effectiveness of osteoporosis pharmacotherapies. Objective: To compare the relative effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments to reduce nonvertebral fracture risk among older adults. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Enrollees in 2 statewide pharmaceutical benefit programs for persons age 65 years or older. Patients: 43 135 new recipients of oral bisphosphonates, nasal calcitonin, and raloxifene who began treatment from 2000 to 2005. The mean age was 79 years (SD, 6.9), and 96% were women. Measurements: The primary outcome was nonvertebral fracture (hip, humerus, or radius or ulna) within 12 months of treatment initiation. Cox proportional hazard models stratified by state and adjusted for risk factors for fracture were used to compare fracture rates. Alendronate was the reference category in all analyses. Results: A total of 1051 nonvertebral fractures were observed within 12 months (2.62 fractures per 100 person-years). No large differences in fracture risk were found between risedronate (hazard ratio [HR], 1.01 [95% CI, 0.85 to 1.21]) or raloxifene (HR, 1.18 [CI, 0.96 to 1.46]) and alendronate. However, among those with a fracture history, raloxifene recipients experienced more nonvertebral fractures within 12 months (HR, 1.78 [CI, 1.20 to 2.63]) compared with alendronate recipients. Patients who received calcitonin experienced more nonvertebral fractures than those who received alendronate (HR, 1.40, [CI, 1.20 to 1.63]). Results were similar in sensitivity analyses that examined different lengths of follow-up (6 months and 24 months), were restricted to hip fracture as the outcome, and were completed in various subgroups. Limitation: Confounder adjustment was limited to health care utilization data, and the confidence bounds of some comparisons were too wide to rule out potential clinically important differences between agents. Conclusion: Differences in fracture risk between risedronate or raloxifene and alendronate were small. Nasal calcitonin recipients may have a higher risk for nonvertebral fractures compared with alendronate recipients. Future studies that can better adjust for possible confounding may further clarify these relationships.
Doppler assessment of prosthetic valve orifice area. An in vitro study.
Authors: H Baumgartner, S S Khan, M DeRobertis, L S Czer, G Maurer
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Although Doppler echocardiography has been shown to be accurate in assessing stenotic orifice areas in native valves, its accuracy in evaluating the prosthetic valve orifice area remains undetermined. METHODS AND RESULTS Doppler-estimated valve areas were studied for their agreement with catheter-derived Gorlin effective orifice areas and their flow dependence in five sizes (19/20-27 mm) of St. Jude, Medtronic-Hall, and Hancock aortic valves using a pulsatile flow model. Doppler areas were calculated three ways: using the standard continuity equation; using its simplified modification (peak flow/peak velocity); and using the Gorlin equation with Doppler pressure gradients. The results were compared with Gorlin effective orifice areas derived from direct flow and catheter pressure measurements. Excellent correlation between Gorlin effective orifice areas and the three Doppler approaches was found in all three valve types (r = 0.93-0.99, SEE = 0.07-0.11 cm2). In Medtronic-Hall and Hancock valves, there was only slight underestimation by Doppler (mean difference, 0.003-0.25 cm2). In St. Jude valves, however, all three Doppler methods significantly underestimated effective orifice areas derived from direct flow and pressure measurements (mean difference, 0.40-0.57 cm2) with differences as great as 1.6 cm2. In general, the modified continuity equation calculated the largest Doppler areas. When orifice areas were calculated from the valve geometry using the area determined from the inner valve diameter reduced by the projected area of the opened leaflets, Gorlin effective orifice areas were much closer to the geometric orifice areas than Doppler areas (mean difference, 0.40 +/- 0.31 versus 1.04 +/- 0.20 cm2). In St. Jude and Medtronic-Hall valves, areas calculated by either technique did not show a consistent or clinically significant flow dependence. In Hancock valves, however, areas calculated by both the continuity equation and the Gorlin equation decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) with low flow rates. CONCLUSIONS Doppler echocardiography using either the continuity equation or Gorlin formula allows in vitro calculation of Medtronic-Hall and Hancock effective valve orifice areas but underestimates valve areas in St. Jude valves. This phenomenon is due to localized high velocities in St. Jude valves, which do not reflect the mean velocity distribution across the orifice. Valve areas are flow independent in St. Jude and Medtronic-Hall prostheses but decrease significantly with low flow in Hancock valves, suggesting that bioprosthetic leaflets may not open fully at low flow rates.
Targeted Therapy for Braf-Mutant Lung Cancer: Results from the European Euraf Cohort Study
Authors: O. Gautschi, M.V. Bluthgen, E.F. Smit, J. Wolf, M. Früh, S. Peters, M. Schuler, G. Zalcman, J. Milia, J. Mazieres
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Intestinal permeability in rats infected by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.
Authors: I Cobden, J Rothwell, A T Axon
Journal: Gut (1979)

Passive intestinal permeability has been investigated in rats infected by the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, by the simultaneous administration of two probe molecules. Experiments using a closed intestinal loop show that there is a significantly increased absorption of lactulose and decreased absorption of mannitol in rats at the 10th to 11th day of infection. Experiments using serial oral administration techniques show that these changes start during the second week of the infection with a return towards normal values by the end of the third week. The results are similar to those found in human coeliac disease and add weight to previous studies which have stressed the similarity in the two disease processes.
Arsenic trioxide eluting stent reduces neointima formation in a rabbit iliac artery injury model
Authors: W YANG, J GE, H LIU, K ZHAO, X LIU, X QU, W LI, Y HUANG, A SUN, Y ZOU
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objective: In-stent restenosis is caused by the neointimal hyperplasia, which involves abnormal growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is known to be a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. We therefore studied the role of an As2O3 eluting stent in the prevention of restenosis in a rabbit iliac artery model.
Bone disorders in chronic liver disease
Authors: Jane Collier
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Osteomalacia rarely occurs in adult patients with chronic liver disease despite a low serum vitamin D level being reported in up to two-thirds of patients with cirrhosis. In contrast, osteoporosis, which increases the risk of vertebral fractures, occurs in 12%-55% of patients with cirrhosis. Although the prevalence is probably falling, as shown by a fall from 57%-26% in patients with biliary disease requiring liver transplantation over the last 2 decades, it still accounts for significant patient morbidity. Bone density also falls in the first 3 months after liver transplantation, and pretransplant fractures are predictive of posttransplant fractures. Many of the known risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis exist in the cirrhotic population, such as excess alcohol intake, steroid use, poor nutrition, and hypogonadism. There is also an increased risk of osteoporosis in patients without cirrhosis, particularly those with hemochromatosis and biliary disease. The diagnosis is made with bone density measurements. The effective treatment is largely based on evidence from postmenopausal osteoporosis as there have been only a few small clinical trials of patients with chronic liver disease. Bisphosphonates are the mainstay of treatment; they have been shown to be effective in biliary disease and are well tolerated.
Abnormal Bone-Marrow Morphology in Acute Alcoholism
Authors: Paul R. McCurdy, Lawrence E. Pierce, Charles E. Rath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

VACUOLIZATION of primitive rubriblasts in the bone marrow has been found to be a feature of early chloramphenicol bone-marrow toxicity.1 , 2 These changes have not previously been observed in other situations. Recently, similar vacuolization of primitive rubriblasts was detected in 2 patients on admission to the hospital with acute alcoholism. They were not receiving chloramphenicol, and there was no history of toxin ingestion other than commercially available alcoholic beverages. Bone-marrow aspirates of 13 additional alcoholic patients were then examined for this abnormality, 9 during the first twenty-four hours in the hospital. The morphologic effect of acute alcoholism on the bone marrow . . .
Reporting of Public Health Hazards or Major Advances—Revision of Uniform Requirements
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic kidney disease in pregnancy
Authors: David Williams, John Davison
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Introduction</h3> With the fast population ageing, disability among the elderly is becoming a major public health issue. Depression is highly prevalent in this phase of life and may be associated with a significant proportion of the disability among elderly populations. We aimed to investigate the association between depressive symptoms and functional disability in older adults, independently of comorbidities and socioeconomic factors and to estimate the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of disability due to depressive symptoms and depression. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross-sectional survey was carried with 2072 residents aged 65 years or over living in a low-income area of São Paulo, Brazil. ICD-10 depression and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Geriatric Mental State and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. The assessment of disability was made using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule Instrument (WHO-DASII). The 90<sup>th</sup> percentile of WHO-DAS scores was considered as high disability. <h3>Results</h3> The prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms were 4.8% and 21.4%, respectively. Depression (OR 8.0; 95% CI 4.2 to 14.3) and depressive symptoms (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.7 to 4.2) were strongly associated with high disability, even after adjustment for all demographic and socioeconomic conditions and physical morbidities. Depression had a PAF of 15% (95% CI 10% to 19%), whereas depressive symptoms had a PAF of 17% (95% CI 9% to 24%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Depression and depressive symptoms were the morbidities that contributed most to the framework of disability in the elderly. Effective management of depressive states in the elderly, delivered at the primary care level, may reduce the total population disability.
Iodine-123 MIBG Imaging in a Generalized Pancreatic Polypeptide-Gastrin-Serotonin Secreting Tumor
Authors: GUIDO SOMERS, KATHERINA VANDEN HOUTE, OLGA SEGERS, AXEL BOSSUYT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

The usefulness of radio-metalodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a specific radiopharmaceutical agent for scintigraphic imaging and treatment of phaeochromocytoma and neuroblastoma, has been extended to the location of carcinoid tumors. Scintigraphic evaluation with I-123 MIBG in a patient with a histologically proven endocrine tumor (apudoma) of unknown origin with liver and bone metastases is reported. Elevated plasma hormone levels of gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, and serotonin were found. Tumoral content of these hormones was immunocytochemically confirmed on liver biopsy. I-123 MIBG uptake could be seen in those areas of the liver with deficient lesions in the Tc-99m colloid image with a maximal uptake in a large mass at the level of the left liver lobe. No abnormal uptake could be observed at any other level, which was in contrast with autopsy findings of generalized metastatic disease.
Dietary treatment of childhood atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS)
Authors: A. Fiocchi, G. R. Bouygue, A. Martelli, L. Terracciano, T. Sarratud
Journal: Allergy (2004)

This review summarizes the research and clinical evidence in favour of dietary intervention aimed at eliminating allergenic foods in the management of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS).The data source was PubMed, using a search algorithm selecting for clinical studies of AEDS, diet therapy and food allergy in all children to October 2003. Also included is a commentary based on the authors' clinical experience in the allergy unit of a university hospital in Italy.Fourteen prospective studies matched the entry criteria. Diverse trial designs, diagnostic criteria, types of dietary intervention and length of observation periods precluded meta-analytic methods. Allergenic food exclusion claimed efficacy in 13 of the 14 studies and was most useful in infants, in patients with elevated immunoglobulin E levels and/or multiple food sensitization and in patients with a diagnosis of food allergy.Dietary intervention in the form of an elimination diet is efficacious in children with AEDS when a specific diagnosis of food allergy has been made. Diagnostic evaluation of food allergy should be performed in all children with eczema, particularly in younger children and those with severe forms of the disease.
Mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris: successful treatment with the carbon dioxide laser
Authors: D.J. GOLDBERG, T.M. STAMPIEN, R.A. SCHWAKTX
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris (MFPP) is an uncommon form of mycosis fungoides with main involvement on palms and soles. The lesions may be quite hyperkeratotic. A 56-year-old patient with MFPP was successfully treated with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. There was no recurrence of disease at treated sites and excellent cosmetic results were obtained. Treatment with the CO2 laser may be considered a therapeutic option.
Schnyder's Crystalline Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Habeeb Ahmad, Martin Heur
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 30-year-old Asian Indian woman with no medical history presented with blurry vision in both eyes. The patient reported that white spots in her eyes had been enlarging over the previous 9 years. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a corrected visual acuity of 20/50 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed a central collection of anterior stromal crystalline deposits (arrowheads) and arcus lipoides (arrows) in the cornea of the right eye (Panel A) and the left eye (Panel B). The results of the dilated fundus examination were normal. The patient's lipid profile was within normal limits. . . .
[30] INVOLVEMENT OF NOD SIGNALLING IN HEPATOCYTE AND IMMUNE CELLS DURING HEPATITIS
Authors: L. Dubuquoy, M. Body-Malapel, J.P. Hugot, M. Giovannini, F. Chareyre, E. Gamier, A. Louvet, M. Chamaillard, P. Desreumaux, S. Dharancy, P. Mathurin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Thank You and Welcome!
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1976)

"Topics in Radiology" is one of the newer sections of<i>JAMA</i>that was created to help the nonradiologist-clinician to understand the application and use of new methods of radiologic diagnosis and therapy. The section has been warmly accepted and praised by readers. The section coordinator who structures the information and teaching contents is Benjamin Felson, MD, professor of radiology at the Cincinnati Medical School. He is ably assisted by a team of coordinators who help to solicit and finalize articles in the various fields of radiology and nuclear medicine. Some of Dr Felson's co-workers have received additional academic assignments that do not permit them to continue as subsection heads on Topics in Radiology. Drs Harold Spitz, Maurice Reeder, and Robert O'Mara, who have provided excellent contributions in their specialty fields, are retiring. We thank them most sincerely for their excellent work in the past, and we hope that in the
Clinical use of β‐thromboglobulin levels in diagnosing and treating consumptive and immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Martin D. Rubenstein, Robert T. Wall
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Plasma β‐thromboglobulin (β‐TG), a platelet‐specific protein, is a marker of intravascular platelet degranulation. We measured plasma β‐thromboglobulin by radioimmunoassay in 13 patients with thrombocytopenia of various etiologies to determine whether or not the test is clinically useful in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia. Four patients with intravascular platelet consumption (three with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and one with vasculitis) had significantly higher plasma β‐thromboglobulin levels than four patients with extravascular platelet destruction due to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Five patients with thrombocytopenia and decreased numbers of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow also had β‐thromboglobulin levels that were not elevated. Two patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura achieved clinical remission associated with a decrease in β‐TG level to the normal range. Plasma β‐thromboglobulin determination can be useful in determining the mechanism of thrombocytopenia when bone marrow examination demonstrates adequate megakaryocyte numbers.
HALLUCINATIONS AND DELUSIONS IN WHITE AND NEGRO SCHIZOPHRENICS
Authors: M. M. VITOLS, H. G. WATERS, M. H. KEELER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

The incidence of hallucinations was significantly higher among Negro schizophrenics than among white schizophrenics first admitted to the state hospital system. The incidence of delusions was the same in these schizophrenic groups. The greater incidence of hallucinations as compared to delusions in the Negro schizophrenics does not depend on differences in the taking or recording of clinical data, since the incidence of hallucinations as compared to delusions is the same among colored and white non-schizophrenics admitted to these same hospitals. If hallucinations are considered evidence of a more severely schizophrenic state it may be that there are factors in the Negro culture that predispose to more severe schizophrenic illness and/or keep the Negro out of the hospital until his illness is more severe. It may be also that cultural patterns are responsible for the difference in the rate of occurrence of hallucinations.
Press: Promoting drugs through hairdressers: is nothing sacred?
Authors: H. Bastian
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The HRT (hormone replacement therapy) scare, which began this July with the release of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, could be expected to be a major worry to pharmaceutical companies. After all, HRT accounts for 10% of the sales of a company like Novo Nordisk, for example. Ten per cent of sales, from a company that made a net profit of almost £330 million, is quite a lot tohave at stake. These companies have moved swiftly to respond to this business risk in various ways. Nor did they have all their postmenopausal hormone chips on just one drug. Consider, for example, how another of Novo Nordisk's HRT products, a tropical preparation called Vagifem, was ready tostep into the breach for women concerned about not losing one of HRT's selling points—more comfortable intercourse.

Doctors and journalists responding to the WHI results were swift to let women know about the Vagifem alternative. One doctor recommended it in …
Effect of an Antiseptic Skin-Care Regimen in Reducing Staphylococcal Colonization in Newborn Infants
Authors: Louis Gluck, Harrison F. Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN 1952 Farquharson et al.1 reported the control of an outbreak of staphylococcal skin lesions in their nurseries by washing all infants with a hexachlorophene-containing preparation twenty-four hours after delivery and every second day thereafter. Since their report other publications have pointed out the usefulness of hexachlorophene-containing preparations in efforts to control outbreaks of staphylococcal skin lesions in nurseries and in reduction of the incidence of both nasal and skin colonization of newborn infants by staphylococci.Studies by Baldwin and his associates2 reported a significantly lower incidence of nasal colonization in hexachlorophene-washed newborn infants than in a comparable "dry"-skin care . . .