tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RESULTS OF THE REPOSITIONABLE PERCUTANEOUS REPLACEMENT OF STENOTIC AORTIC VALVE WITH THE LOTUS™ VALVE SYSTEM – EVALUATION OF SAFETY AND PERFORMANCE (REPRISE II) STUDY: 3-MONTH OUTCOMES IN HIGH-RISK SURGICAL PATIENTS
Authors: Ian Meredith, Darren Walters, Nicolas Dumonteil, Stephen Worthley, Didier Tchetche, Ganesh Manoharan, Daniel J. Blackman, Gilles Rioufol, David Hildick-Smith, Robert Whitbourn, Thierry Lefevre, Ruediger Lange, Ralf Mueller, Simon Redwood, Dominic J. Allocco, Keith Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
LOSS OF GROUP CARBOHYDRATE DURING MOUSE PASSAGES OF A GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS
Authors: Armine T. Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

In the course of rapid passages through mice a strain of group A type 27 hemolytic streptococcus was found to have lost its group carbohydrate without the loss of type-specific precipitinogens, agglutinogens, or its capacity to induce protective antibodies in rabbits, and without the acquisition of the carbohydrate of another group. The loss of group carbohydrate was shown to be complete, within the limits of the methods for its detection. Extracts of the anomalous strain did not react with group A antisera; and antisera prepared with organisms of this anomalous strain did not contain demonstrable antibodies for the group carbohydrate. Bacterial suspension of the anomalous strain failed to absorb any appreciable amount of group-specific antibody. The fact that the anomalous strain lacking group-specific carbohydrate, C, was derived from the original was established by the demonstration of persistence of its other characteristics, in particular the precipitinogens, agglutinogens, and antigens responsible for protective antibodies of type 27.
Uptake and modification of125I-lipopolysaccharide by isolated rat Kupffer cells
Authors: Eben S. Fox, Peter Thomas, Selwyn A. Broitman
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

While it is generally believed that hepatic clearance of lipopolysaccharide involves Kupffer cells, the mechanism involved has not been fully elucidated. This study assesses this phenomenon in terms of in vitro uptake and post-uptake modification experiments with an 125I-labeled Salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide. 125I-Lipopolysaccharide was added to Kupffer cells in suspension cultures under a variety of conditions. In vitro uptake of 125I-Lipopolysaccharide was not saturable up to concentrations of 33.33 μg per ml. Kinetics experiments performed at 16.67 μg per ml demonstrated that Kupffer cells were unsaturable after 60 min of incubation. The kinetics of uptake could be inhibited, however, by incubation in the presence of a 10-fold excess of unlabeled lipopolysaccharide, indicating that a component of the uptake process may be limited. Energy dependence in this process was demonstrated by incubation in the presence of 1 mM 2-deoxyglucose which inhibited 125I-lipopolysaccharide uptake by approximately 30%. Pretreatment with 7.5 × 10−5 M colchicine had no effect on kinetics, implying no role for the cell cytoskeleton in lipopolysaccharide uptake. These results are inconsistent with a receptor-mediated process as previously suggested. Modification of internalized label has been demonstrated by changes in buoyant density in CsCl isopyknic density gradients following overnight incubation with Kupffer cells. These results indicate that Kupffer cells clear bacterial endotoxin in vitro and post-uptake degradation occurs within 20 hr of incubation.
The Effect of High-Carbohydrate Diets on Liver Triglyceride Formation in the Rat
Authors: M. Waddell, H. J. Fallon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The effect of feeding diets containing 75% glucose or fructose on liver triglyceride formation in the rat was studied by both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The results were compared with those from control rats fed laboratory chow.
Ultrafast Approximation for Phylogenetic Bootstrap
Authors: B. Q. Minh, M. A. T. Nguyen, A. von Haeseler
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Nonparametric bootstrap has been a widely used tool in phylogenetic analysis to assess the clade support of phylogenetic trees. However, with the rapidly growing amount of data, this task remains a computational bottleneck. Recently, approximation methods such as the RAxML rapid bootstrap (RBS) and the Shimodaira–Hasegawa-like approximate likelihood ratio test have been introduced to speed up the bootstrap. Here, we suggest an ultrafast bootstrap approximation approach (UFBoot) to compute the support of phylogenetic groups in maximum likelihood (ML) based trees. To achieve this, we combine the resampling estimated log-likelihood method with a simple but effective collection scheme of candidate trees. We also propose a stopping rule that assesses the convergence of branch support values to automatically determine when to stop collecting candidate trees. UFBoot achieves a median speed up of 3.1 (range: 0.66–33.3) to 10.2 (range: 1.32–41.4) compared with RAxML RBS for real DNA and amino acid alignments, respectively. Moreover, our extensive simulations show that UFBoot is robust against moderate model violations and the support values obtained appear to be relatively unbiased compared with the conservative standard bootstrap. This provides a more direct interpretation of the bootstrap support. We offer an efficient and easy-to-use software (available at http://www.cibiv.at/software/iqtree) to perform the UFBoot analysis with ML tree inference.
Audit of incomplete excision rates of basal cell carcinoma: analysis of 1972 cases from four U.K. regions
Authors: A.E. Macbeth, D. Torley, N. Casie Chetty, N. Hepburn, K. Hussain, C. Blasdale, J. von der Werth, J.J. Garioch, N.J. Levell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)
Pharmacogenetic Associations with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition in Participants with Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration in the IVAN Study
Authors: Andrew J. Lotery, Jane Gibson, Angela J. Cree, Susan M. Downes, Simon P. Harding, Chris A. Rogers, Barnaby C. Reeves, Sarah Ennis, Usha Chakravarthy
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Bone-Directed Expression of Col1a1 Promoter-Driven Self-Inactivating Retroviral Vector in Bone Marrow Cells and Transgenic Mice
Authors: Mary Louise Stover, Chi-Kuang Leo Wang, Monique B. McKinstry, Ivo Kalajzic, Gloria Gronowicz, Stephen H. Clark, David W. Rowe, Alexander C. Lichtler
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Gene therapy of bone would benefit from the availability of vectors that provide stable, osteoblast-specific expression. This would allow bone-specific expression of Col1a1 cDNAs for treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta. In addition, such a vector would restrict expression of secreted therapeutic proteins to the bone-synthesizing regions of the bone marrow after ex vivo transduction of marrow stromal cells and reintroduction of the cells into patients. Retrovirus vectors stably integrate into target cell genomes; however, long-term regulated expression from internal cellular promoters has not been consistently achieved. In some cases this is due to a stem cell-specific mechanism for transcriptional repression of retroviruses. We evaluated the ability of self-inactivating ROSA-derived vectors containing a bone-directed 2.3-kb rat Col1a1 promoter to display osteoblast-specific expression. In vitro expression was examined in bone marrow stromal cell cultures induced to undergo osteoblastic differentiation. In vivo expression was evaluated in chimeric mice derived from transduced embryonic stem cells. The results indicate that self-inactivating retrovirus vectors containing the Col1a1 promoter are not permanently inactivated in embryonic stem cells and are specifically expressed in osteoblasts in vivo and in vitro. Thus these vectors should be useful for bone-directed gene therapy.
911 THE ABIC SCORE: A NEW TOOL FOR PROGNOSTIC STRATIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
Authors: M. Dominguez, D. Rincon, J.G. Abraldes, R. Miquel, J. Colmenero, P. Bellot, J.C. Garcia-Pagan, R. Fernandez, M. Moreno, R. Banares, V. Arroyo, J. Caballeria, P. Gines, R. Bataller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Response: Re: Incidence of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus Among White Americans by Sex, Stage, and Age
Authors: Linda Morris Brown, Susan S. Devesa, Wong-Ho Chow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

In their correspondence, Chien et al. shared data on the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus from Taiwan and presented comparisons with other data from the Far East. It appears that the rates are not rising in Hong Kong or Taiwan, in contrast to some increases suggested in Japan. Given the historically low prevalence in the Far East of risk factors such as obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, and cigarette smoking compared with Western countries, it may not be surprising that esophageal adenocarcinoma rates have been quite low and generally not rising in the Far East.

We noted with interest that Chien et al. showed in their table 1 that rates did rise in Japan, on the basis of rates that were back-calculated by use of the estimated annual percent changes presented by Shibata et al. (1). Although the incidence rates in Japan were quite low, the estimated annual percent changes during the time period 1993–2001 of 4.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74 to 8.88) among men and 6.03 (95% CI = 2.37 to 9.82) among women were statistically significantly different from zero (null hypothesis of no change in rates over time) as shown in table 2 of Shibata et al. the authors interpreted the increase as not “dramatic.” These rates of change are in fact remarkably similar to the estimated annual percent changes among the US white population of 6.52 (95% CI = 5.83 to 7.22) among men and 5.95 (95% CI = 5.11 to 6.81) among women during the period 1973–2005 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results nine registries (2,3). Not included in the correspondence by Chien et al. was a publication from Singapore by Fernandes et al. (4) that suggested rising incidence rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma among both men and women during the time period 1968–2002, although the trends did not reach statistical significance. We note, however, that the number of patients classified as having “other type” declined substantially in Singapore over time and may have contributed to the apparent increases in adenocarcinoma. The number of patients classified as having “other and unspecified type” did not decline in Japan and were not presented by Chien for Taiwan; changes in histological type specificity need to be considered when describing type-specific temporal trends.
A modelling approach to aid the understanding of high volume image guided injection in recalcitrant achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Richard Twycross-Lewis, Yiling Lu, Peter Malliaras, Jens-Dominik Mueller, Nicola Maffulli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background High volume image guided injections (HVIGI) have recently been shown to significantly reduce pain and improve function in patients with resistant Achilles tendinopathy. However, the mechanism by which HVIGI treatment works has yet to be identified. Methods Subjects will be recruited from the London Independent Hospital for either open surgery for Achilles tendinopathy or for intervention by HVIGI. Tissue from the Kager's fad pad will be removed during open surgery for Achilles tendinopathy and paratendinopathy. Mechanical loading of the Kager's sample will be performed using an MTS Biomex 100 at varying applied loads in order to plot the Young's Modulus. Concurrent to this, patients undergoing HVIGI treatment will be recruited to undergo imaging by MRI scan during high volume injection to measure fluid distribution during and immediately after injection. Geometries of the tendon and Kager's fat pad will be reconstructed from images using Mimics software, which constitutes the computational domain of numerical modelling. Poroelastic theory will be adopted to model both Achilles tendon and Kager's fat pad with their distinctive parameters. Mechanical responses of the whole system will be compared before and after the injection. The fluid pressurisation and resultant stress/strain distribution are crucial to understanding the working mechanisms for HVIGI. Results Parametric studies of the injection treatment will be conducted numerically by adjusting different loading speeds and loading time intervals between injections and volumes. This is for the first time Kager's fat tissue has been mechanically characterised. In combination with poroelastic modeling, we will be able to obtain the detailed strain and stress information and injected fluid movement, which are important to understand the mechanism underlying the high volume image guided injection. Discussion It is expected that results from this study will elucidate the unknown mechanism by which HVIGI works, particularly the effect on neovasculature associated with Achilles tendinopathy
Monocyte-derived tissue factor contributes to stent thrombosis in an in vitro system
Authors: Tullio Palmerini, Barry S. Coller, Vittorio Cervi, Luciana Tomasi, Antonio Marzocchi, Cinzia Marrozzini, Ornella Leone, Milena Piccioli, Angelo Branzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Aortic Thrombosis in Antithrombin III Deficiency
Authors: John H. Winter
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Although we are told in the article by Michael E. Shapiro, MD, and Edwin W. Salzman, MD (1981;245:1759), that abnormal antithrombin III (AT III) levels were documented in both cases weeks to months after any short-term event or surgery, in case 1 the reduced AT III level was found at a time when resting pain had been present for three weeks, and arteriography demonstrated complete occlusion of the right common iliac and left common femoral arteries. In case 2 the time of sampling is unstated but seemed to coincide with the presence of gangrenous changes and new femoral, superficial femoral, and popliteal thromboses. In conditions where activation of the coagulation system takes place, such as acute venous thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, marked reductions in plasma AT III may be found.<sup>1</sup>Thus, it seems possible that the observed low plasma AT III levels may have been
Evaluation and outcome of patients with chronic non-productive cough using a comprehensive diagnostic protocol
Authors: L P A McGarvey, L G Heaney, J T Lawson, B T Johnston, C M Scally, M Ennis, D R T Shepherd, J MacMahon
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Asthma, post-nasal drip syndrome (PNDS), and gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) account for many cases of chronic non-productive cough (CNPC). Each may simultaneously contribute to cough even when clinically silent, and failure to recognise their contribution may lead to unsuccessful treatment. <i>Methods</i>—Patients (all lifetime non-smokers with normal chest radiographs and spirometric measurements) referred with CNPC persisting for more than three weeks as their sole respiratory symptom underwent histamine challenge, home peak flow measurements, ear, nose and throat (ENT) examination, sinus CT scanning, and 24 hour oesophageal pH monitoring. Treatment was prescribed on the basis of diagnoses informed by investigation results. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Forty three patients (29 women) of mean age 47.5 years (range 18–77) and mean cough duration 67 months (range 2–240) were evaluated. On the basis of a successful response to treatment, a cause for the cough was identified in 35 patients (82%) as follows: cough variant asthma (CVA) (10 cases), PNDS (9 cases), GOR (8 cases), and dual aetiologies (8 cases). Histamine challenge correctly predicted CVA in 15 of 17 (88%) positive tests. ENT examination and sinus CT scans each had low positive predictive values for PNDS (10 of 16 (63%) and 12 of 18 (67%) positive cases, respectively), suggesting that upper airways disease frequently co-exists but does not always contribute to cough. When negative, histamine challenge and 24 hour oesophageal pH monitoring effectively ruled out CVA and GOR, respectively, as a cause for cough. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> This comprehensive approach aids the accurate direction of treatment and, while CVA, PNDS and GOR remain the most important causes of CNPC to consider, a group with no identifiable aetiology remains.
AAD/ACMS/ASDSA/ASMS 2012 appropriate use criteria for Mohs micrographic surgery: A report of the American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Mohs Surgery, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Association, and the American Society for Mohs Surgery
Authors: Suzanne M. Connolly, Diane R. Baker, Brett M. Coldiron, Michael J. Fazio, Paul A. Storrs, Allison T. Vidimos, Mark J. Zalla, Jerry D. Brewer, Wendy Smith Begolka, Timothy G. Berger, Michael Bigby, Jean L. Bolognia, David G. Brodland, Scott Collins, Terrence A. Cronin, Mark V. Dahl, Jane M. Grant-Kels, C. William Hanke, George J. Hruza, William D. James, Clifford Warren Lober, Elizabeth I. McBurney, Scott A. Norton, Randall K. Roenigk, Ronald G. Wheeland, Oliver J. Wisco
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
Regulation of Calcium Sparks and Spontaneous Transient Outward Currents by RyR3 in Arterial Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Matthias Löhn, Wolfgang Jessner, Michael Fürstenau, Maren Wellner, Vincenzo Sorrentino, Hermann Haller, Friedrich C. Luft, Maik Gollasch
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Intracellular Ca 2+ levels control both contraction and relaxation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Ca 2+ -dependent relaxation is mediated by discretely localized Ca 2+ release events through ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). These local increases in Ca 2+ concentration, termed sparks, stimulate nearby Ca 2+ -activated K + (BK) channels causing BK currents (spontaneous transient outward currents or STOCs). STOCs are hyperpolarizing currents that oppose vasoconstriction. Several RyR isoforms are coexpressed in VSMCs; however, their role in Ca 2+ spark generation is unknown. To provide molecular information on RyR cluster function and assembly, we examined Ca 2+ sparks and STOCs in RyR3-deficient freshly isolated myocytes of resistance-sized cerebral arteries from knockout mice and compared them to Ca 2+ sparks in cells from wild-type mice. We used RT-PCR to identify RyR1, RyR2, and RyR3 mRNA in cerebral arteries. Ca 2+ sparks in RyR3-deficient cells were similar in peak amplitude (measured as F/F 0 ), width at half-maximal amplitude, and duration compared with wild-type cell Ca 2+ sparks. However, the frequency of STOCs (between −60 mV and −20 mV) was significantly higher in RyR3-deficient cells than in wild-type cells. Ca 2+ sparks and STOCs in both RyR3-deficient and wild-type cells were inhibited by ryanodine (10 μmol/L), external Ca 2+ removal, and depletion of SR Ca 2+ stores by caffeine (1 mmol/L). Isolated, pressurized cerebral arteries of RyR3-deficient mice developed reduced myogenic tone. Our results suggest that RyR3 is part of the SR Ca 2+ spark release unit and plays a specific molecular role in the regulation of STOCs frequency in mouse cerebral artery VSMCs after decreased arterial tone.
Acute exacerbation in chronic type B hepatitis: Comparison between HBeAg and antibody-positive patients
Authors: Yun-Fan Liaw, Dar-In Tai, Chia-Ming Chu, Chia C. Pao, Tong-Jong Chen
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The incidence, clinicopathological features and etiology of acute exacerbation occurring in patients with chronic type B hepatitis were assessed prospectively among 385 patients who had HBeAg and 279 who had anti-HBe in serum. During an average follow-up of 23.5 months, acute exacerbations occurred in 197 HBeAg-positive patients and in 56 anti-HBe positive patients, with a calculated annual incidence of 28.6 and 10.3%, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). The clinical and laboratory findings of acute exacerbations were similar in the HBeAg-positive and anti-HBe positive patients. The mean serum bilirubin and α-fetoprotein levels were higher in anti-HBe positive patients (p &lt; 0.01), but actual differences were small. The histologic features of acute exacerbations were also similar in the HBeAg-positive patients and anti-HBe positive patients. Lobular alterations were the main histologic findings; in addition, one-fourth of patients had bridging necrosis and one-fourth had piecemeal necrosis. Spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B was the major cause of these exacerbations in both HBeAg-positive patients (91.5%) as well as anti-HBe positive patients (62.5%). Hepatitis delta virus superinfection accounted for a higher percentage of exacerbations in anti-HBe positive patients (14.3%) than in HBeAg-positive cases (6.5%). Hepatitis A and possibly non-A, non-B virus superinfections also contributed to some episodes of exacerbation. Thus, acute exacerbations of disease occurred more frequently in HBeAg-positive patients than in anti-HBe positive patients with chronic type B hepatitis, but the clinicopathological features and etiologies were similar.
Structured Treatment Interruptions for the Management of HIV Infection
Authors: Franco Lori
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Antiretroviral drugs constitute a milestone in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; however, emerging problems limit their long-term use, and an increasing number of patients interrupt the prescribed continuous drug therapy for short or long periods. Some patients appear to benefit from structured treatment interruptions (STI), involving monitored repetition of on-and-off cycles of drugs; however, it is unclear whether patients and/or physicians should consider STI as a treatment option. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive update on the use of STI in clinical settings, and to carefully evaluate the advantages and potential risks for patients infected with HIV. We used a MEDLINE search to find all English-language articles published January 1999 to August 2001 regarding patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy for whom treatment interruption was investigated. Priority was assigned to peer-reviewed sources, when available. Otherwise, abstracts from authoritative international conferences were selected through the AIDSLINE database. Results from various studies with respect to type of drug treatment, baseline patient status, number of treatment interruptions, duration of treatment and interruption, changes in viral load, and immune system parameters were analyzed. Patients could be categorized into 3 distinct clinical scenarios: acute infection, chronic drug-suppressed infection and virological drug failure. The STI approach may offer more benefit during acute infection when the patient's immune system remains nearly intact. It is yet to be determined whether STI will facilitate the long-term management of chronic infection by decreasing drug-associated toxicity and improving quality of life without jeopardizing the efficacy of the treatment. Results from randomized controlled trials and more definitive means of gauging the status of the patient's immune system must be available before this treatment method is extended beyond the research setting. Ultimately, a safer approach using therapeutic immunization or vaccination would be preferable for stimulating vigorous T-cell-mediated immune responses and control of HIV during treatment interruption.