tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Genetic Variation in the Transforming Growth Factor β-1 Gene with Serum Levels and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: Barbara S. Saltzman, Jennifer F. Yamamoto, Robert Decker, Lance Yokochi, Andre G. Theriault, Thomas M. Vogt, Loïc Le Marchand
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract In the normal intestinal epithelium transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) acts as a growth inhibitor, but in malignant cells it may act as a tumor promoter. However, only limited information is available on genetic variation in the TGFB1 gene and its relationship to circulating levels and risk of colorectal cancer. To characterize associations of genetic variation [tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNP) and haplotypes with frequency &amp;gt;0.05] at the TGFB1 locus with circulating TGFβ-1 and risk of colorectal neoplasia, we conducted two case-control studies (including 271 colorectal adenoma cases and 544 controls, and 535 colorectal adenocarcinoma cases and 656 controls) among Japanese Americans, Caucasians, and Native Hawaiians in Hawaii. Serum TGFβ-1 was measured by sandwich ELISA among the subjects of the first study. The variant A allele for tagSNP rs6957 was associated with higher serum TGFβ-1 [means (in ng/mL) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for AA or AG, 32.6 (30.6–34.7); GG, 29.0 (25.1–32.9); Pdifference = 0.05] after adjusting for age and other factors. Homozygous carriers of the variant G allele for tagSNP rs11466345 had a statistically significantly lower risk of adenocarcinoma [AG versus AA: odds ratio (OR), 0.9 (95% CI, 0.7–1.2); GG versus AA: OR, 0.4 (95% CI, 0.2–0.7); Ptrend = 0.01]. The haplotype carrying both variants was also statistically significantly associated with a reduced risk of adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.8). Although not statistically significant, the direction and magnitude of the corresponding ORs were similar for adenoma. These results suggest that a haplotype containing SNP rs11466345 at the 3′ end of TGFB1 is associated with genetic susceptibility to colorectal neoplasia. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1236–44]
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma and Nevus Anemicus in the Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Faustine Ferrari, Alice Masurel, Laurence Olivier-Faivre, Pierre Vabres
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

The diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is based on 7 clinical criteria. However, they are of limited value before the age of 2 years. Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) and nevus anemicus (NA) are commonly observed in children with NF1 and may be useful diagnostic clues.To evaluate the frequency of JXG and NA, to describe their clinical features, and to determine their diagnostic value in patients with NF1.Retrospective medical record review of outpatients seen between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011. University hospital dermatology department affiliated with the French NF1 referral center network. Patients with NF1 diagnosed by at least 2 National Institutes of Health criteria and examined at our department.Percentage of patients with NF1 who had JXG or NA categorized into 4 age groups.Among 72 patients with NF1 (median age, 15.4 years), 23 had JXG (10%) or NA (25%). Both lesions were more frequent (55%) in those younger than 2 years (JXG, 30%; NA, 35%). Most JXG lesions were multiple and resolved spontaneously. Cephalic and genital involvement was frequent. No patient with JXG developed chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Nevus anemicus was present on the neck and upper chest in 72% of cases. Among 10 patients (14%) who had only 1 diagnostic criterion at first visit, including 9 younger than 2 years, JXG or NA was present in 8 (80%).We found a high frequency of JXG and NA in patients with NF1, especially in children younger than 2 years with fewer than 2 diagnostic criteria. Hence, JXG and NA appear helpful in improving early diagnosis of NF1 in young children and infants.
Circulating Iron-Containing Macrophages in Hemochromatosis
Authors: Lung T. Yam, Harvey E. Finkel, Lewis R. Weintraub, William H. Crosby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Iron-containing macrophages, present in various tissues in patients with iron-storage diseases, have been demonstrated to pass from the intestinal villus into the intestinal lumen, acting to transport iron as well as to store it. It was proposed that these cells may transport iron from one organ to another and thus might be present in the circulating blood. Therefore, they were sought in buffy-coat preparations of venous blood in normal subjects and in patients with hemochromatosis and other iron-storage conditions such as transfusion siderosis. Circulating hemosiderin-containing cells were demonstrated in eight of the nine untreated patients with hemochromatosis and in four of 20 with other iron-storage disorders. None were found in normal subjects. The discovery of such cells in the circulating blood suggests an iron-storage disease although their absence does not exclude such a possibility. The macrophages in hemochromatosis appear different from those in transfusion siderosis, containing smaller granules of iron.
Costochondral Deformity Masquerading as a Submucosal Gastric Tumor
Authors: K. Mergener, J. J. Brandabur
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

A 55-year-old woman was referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to evaluate a “submucosal gastric tumor” which had been detected on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. This had been performed to investigate symptoms of dyspepsia. Repeat EGD revealed an area of compression of the proximal anterior gastric wall which seemed to be of an extrinsic nature. This was only apparent during maximal air insufflation (Figure [1]) and disappeared when the stomach was partially deflated. A respiration-dependent movement of the “tumor” along the gastric wall was noted and probing with a biopsy forceps revealed it to have a hard consistency. EUS demonstrated that the gastric wall layers were intact and the presence of an extrinsic hypoechoic lesion (Figure [2]). The outer margin of the lesion was not well visualized and its origin could not be clarified on EUS. Computed tomography and conventional radiographs revealed a deformity of the anterior end and costochondral junction of the left sixth rib, which was displaced posteriorly and intended the anterior gastric wall (Figure [3]). On further questioning, the patient told us that she had been a passenger in a car accident several years before. She said that she had had a “bruised left side for many weeks” but had not sought medical attention. Even with the benefit of hindsight, the rib deformity was not palpable on examination.
Regional secure units and interim security for psychiatric patients.
Authors: R Bluglass
Journal: BMJ (1978)

as well as petitions, law suits, and attempts to deny renewal of licenses to certain television stations.So far the crusade appears to have been effective and the net- works are clearly becoming concerned.In August five television producers expressed the view that "the industry is slowing violence to a degree that is dangerous," and that "we are going to be faced with a plastic television that is going to breed a plastic society."It was also suggested that the pendulum may be swinging too far in the other direction, that we may see a return of censorship, and that even Hamlet and Roots will be banned for being too violent.So far, however, these fears remain unfounded.And, while there has been some reduction in the number of violent programmes, we are as yet in no danger of becoming a plastic society, and indeed it appears that the net- works are replacing hate with lust and crime with sex.
Diaphragmatic Stimulation by a Pacemaker
Authors: Jerris R. Hedges
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Permanent cardiac pacing has become more popular as smaller, more reliable pacemaker units have become available. Although rhythm abnormalities owing either to pacer or to pacemaker lead dysfunction are now less frequent, they are well known complications of cardiac pacing. A less familiar complication is diaphragmatic stimulation by the pacemaker lead. I recently treated a patient with diaphragmatic pacing initially thought to represent dissection of a thoracicoabdominal aortic aneurysm. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 75-year-old woman was admitted with the complaints of dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea worsening over the last several weeks. The patient's only medication was hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/day) for high blood pressure. The patient was mildly anxious and tachypneic. Bibasilar rales were present. The patient had a sinus bradycardia and a grade 3/6 mid-systolic murmur heard best at the second left intercostal space. The abdomen was soft with normal bowel sounds.
Alendronate Improves Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Women with Osteoporosis Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Susan L. Greenspan, Diane L. Schneider, Michael R. McClung, Paul D. Miller, Thomas J. Schnitzer, Randi Bonin, Mary Elizabeth Smith, Paul DeLucca, Glenn J. Gormley, Mary E. Melton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Many elderly female residents of long-term care facilities have osteoporosis and could benefit from intervention to increase bone density. Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of alendronate for treatment of osteoporosis in elderly female residents of long-term care facilities. Design: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-year study. Setting: 25 long-term care facilities. Patients: 327 elderly women with osteoporosis. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive alendronate, 10 mg/d, or placebo. All patients also received vitamin D, 400 IU/d, and some patients received supplemental calcium (total intake, approximately 1500 mg/d). Measurements: Bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and hip and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Results: Alendronate produced significantly greater increases in BMD than did placebo (24-month differences: spine, 4.4% [95% CI, 3.3% to 5.5%]; femoral neck, 3.4% [CI, 2.3% to 4.4%]). Alendronate produced greater decreases from baseline in biochemical markers of bone turnover than did placebo (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Alendronate increased BMD at both the spine and hip in elderly female residents of long-term care facilities. For a list of investigators and investigative sites, see the Appendix.
RELEASE KINETICS OF GALECTIN-3, GDF-15 AND NT-PROBNP IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Christoph Liebetrau, Luise Gaede, Oliver Dörr, Sebastian Wolter, Christian Troidl, Hoffmann Jedrzej, Andreas Rolf, Christian Hamm, Holger Nef, Helge Möllmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
[318] PLASMIN HAS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN SnoN MODULATION IN HSC
Authors: A. Martinez-Rizo, M. Bueno-Topete, J. Gonzalez-Cuevas, Garcia Banuelos, V. Delgado-Rizo, R. Troyo-Sanroman, L. Sanchez-Orozco, J. Armendariz-Borunda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
The Interval between Pregnancies and the Risk of Preeclampsia
Authors: Rolv Skjærven, Allen J. Wilcox, Rolv T. Lie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The risk of preeclampsia is generally lower in second pregnancies than in first pregnancies, but not if the mother has a new partner for the second pregnancy. One explanation is that the risk is reduced with repeated maternal exposure and adaptation to specific antigens from the same partner. However, the difference in risk might instead be explained by the interval between births. A longer interbirth interval may be associated with both a change of partner and a higher risk of preeclampsia.
Protease inhibitors in inflammatory synovial effusions.
Authors: N.M Hadler, A.M Johnson, J.K Spitznagel, R.J Quinet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Granulocyte lysosomal enzymes can potentially participate in cartilage degradation in inflammatory arthritides. However, we have shown that the quantity of several such enzymes in an inflammatory synovial effusion correlates negatively with the degree of radiographic damage of the joint from which the fluid was sampled. In the current work the quantity of the following 5 protease inhibitors was determined immunochemically in the same fluids: alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, and Cl esterase inhibitor. These inhibitors are generally covariate and correlate positively with the total protein in the fluid as well as the number of granulocytes and the concentration of granulocyte lysosomal enzymes in the fluid. As did the lysosomal enzymes, the protease inhibitors correlate negatively with radiographic destruction. It is likely that lysosomal enzymes in solution in inflammatory synovial effusions are rendered effete by the presence of protease inhibitors.
Antidepressant Response and Well-Being in Pre-, Peri- and Postmenopausal Women with Major Depressive Disorder Treated with Fluoxetine
Authors: Paolo Cassano, Claudio N. Soares, Cristina Cusin, Alessandra Mascarini, Lee S. Cohen, Maurizio Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; We assessed the impact of menopausal status on treatment response and well-being in a cohort of outpatient women with major depressive disorder (DSM-III-R criteria), who received treatment with fluoxetine (20 mg/day for 8 weeks). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Menopausal status was defined based on age, presence of menstrual irregularity or amenorrhea and vasomotor symptoms. Remission and response of depression were defined as a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17) score ≤7 and a HAM-D-17 decrease ≧50%, respectively. Well-being was assessed by self-rating with the Symptom Questionnaire. Remitters were followed up for 28 additional weeks. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; No differences in rates of response and remission as well as in levels of well-being were observed among pre- (n = 121), peri- (n = 28) and postmenopausal (n = 35) women at the endpoint of the acute phase, even after adjustment for baseline depression severity. Residual symptoms, however, were significantly more common in postmenopausal women, except for the continuation phase endpoint. Differences in residual symptoms during the acute phase subsided after adjustment for baseline depression severity. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Overall, menopausal status did not significantly affect the response to fluoxetine treatment and the degree of posttreatment well-being among major depressive disorder patients.
Antibody (IgG, IgA, and IgM) to baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), yeast mannan, gliadin, ovalbumin and betalactoglobulin in monozygotic twins with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: E Lindberg, K E Magnusson, C Tysk, G Jarnerot
Journal: Gut (1992)

To assess whether dietary antigens play a role in inflammatory bowel disease, 26 monozygotic twin pairs with inflammatory bowel disease and 52 healthy controls were investigated for serum antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM) against ovalbumin, betalactoglobulin, gliadin, whole yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and yeast cell wall mannan. The twins were made up of five pairs concordant and nine pairs discordant for Crohn9s disease, and two pairs concordant and 10 pairs discordant for ulcerative colitis. Two patients with Crohn9s disease had a slight increase in disease activity, the others were in clinical remission. Two striking observations were made: first, individuals with ulcerative colitis were indistinguishable from healthy twins, and controls except for the response to gliadin. Both healthy and diseased twins had higher IgA levels to gliadin than controls. Second, twins who had developed Crohn9s disease displayed higher antibody titres towards yeast cell wall mannan in particular, but also to whole yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) of all antibody types (IgA, IgG, and IgM). In contrast, the response to gliadin, ovalbumin, and betalactoglobulin did not differ from healthy twins and was even lower than in the controls. The results argue against an increased systemic antigen presentation caused by an impaired mucosal barrier in the inflammatory bowel disease. Rather, they suggest that yeast cell wall material--that is, mannan, or some antigen rich in mannose and cross reacting with mannan, may play an aetiological role in Crohn9s disease, but not in ulcerative colitis. The increases in IgA and IgM, as well as IgG suggest that local and systemic immune systems are selectively activated by antigen(s) present in the cell wall of baker9s yeast.
Irradiated sporozoite vaccine induces HLA-B8-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against two overlapping epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein 2.
Authors: B Wizel, R A Houghten, K C Parker, J E Coligan, P Church, D M Gordon, W R Ballou, S L Hoffman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Vaccines designed to protect against malaria by inducing CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in individuals of diverse HLA backgrounds must contain multiple conserved epitopes from various preerythrocytic-stage antigens. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein 2 (PfSSP2) is considered an important antigen for inclusion in such vaccines, because CD8+ CTL against the P. yoelii SSP2 protect mice against malaria by eliminating infected hepatocytes. To develop PfSSP2 as a component of malaria vaccines, we investigated the presence of anti-PfSSP2 CTL in two HLA-B8+ volunteers immunized with irradiated P. falciparum sporozoites and characterized their CTL responses using PfSSP2-derived 15-amino acid peptides bearing the HLA-B8-binding motif. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both volunteers stimulated with recombinant vaccinia expressing PfSSP2 displayed antigen-specific, genetically restricted, CD8+ T cell-dependent CTL activity against autologous target cells expressing PfSSP2. Of the five HLA-B8 motif-bearing 15-mers identified in the PfSSP2 sequence, two peptides sharing a 10-amino acid overlap sensitized HLA-B8-matched target cells from both volunteers for lysis by peptide-stimulated effectors. The CTL activity was HLA-B8 restricted and dependent on CD8+ T cells. Analysis of the three shorter peptides representing HLA-B8 motif-bearing sequences within the two positive peptides for their ability to bind to HLA-B8 in vitro, and to sensitize target cells for lysis by effectors stimulated with the 15-mers, identified two overlapping HLA-B8-restricted CTL epitopes. Available data indicate that the sequence of one CTL epitope is conserved and the other is variant among P. falciparum isolates. Circulating activated CTL against the conserved epitope could be directly identified in one of the two volunteers. The identification of two HLA-B8-restricted CTL epitopes on PfSSP2 provides data critical to developing an epitope-based anti-liver stage malaria vaccine.
Reduced Coronary Flow Reserve During Exercise in Cardiac Transplant Recipients
Authors: Giuseppe Vassalli, Augusto Gallino, Wolfgang Kiowski, Zhihua Jiang, Marko Turina, Otto M. Hess
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is reduced in a majority of patients after heart transplantation (HTx). Pharmacological interventions, however, provide only limited information on CFR under physiological conditions. Thus, CFR during exercise was evaluated in the present study. Methods and Results Coronary angiography was performed at rest and during supine bicycle exercise in 35 patients early (2 to 3 months; n=10) or late (1 to 6 years; mean, 2.5 years; n=25) after HTx and in 8 controls (C). CFR was determined by parametric imaging after administration of 10 mg intracoronary papaverine, during exercise, and after 1.6 mg sublingual nitroglycerin. Epicardial coronary artery size was measured by quantitative coronary angiography. CFR after papaverine was normal early (3.6±0.5 versus C, 3.6±0.7; P =NS) and late (3.8±1.3; P =NS) after HTx. During exercise, CFR was normal early (3.1±0.6 versus C, 3.9±0.9; P =NS) but decreased late (2.3±0.6; P &lt;.01) after HTx. The increase in coronary cross-sectional area during exercise was also diminished late after HTx (14±10% versus C, 22±10%; P &lt;.05). Both exercise-induced CFR ( r =−.39, P &lt;.05) and coronary vasodilation ( r =−.44, P &lt;.01) were inversely correlated with time after HTx. Conclusions CFR during exercise is normal early but reduced late after HTx, whereas CFR after papaverine administration is maintained. This difference between physiological and pharmacological vasodilation suggests progressive endothelial dysfunction after HTx.
An Epidemic of Infectious Hepatitis in a General Hospital
Authors: Albert B. Eisenstein
Journal: JAMA (1963)

An epidemic of infectious hepatitis occurred at the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis in late July and early August, 1962. There were 24 cases of hepatitis in the outbreak, most of which were in house officers and nurses. To minimize the spread of disease, an intensive search for subclinical hepatitis was made among hospital personnel, and 1,345 patients and employees were given gamma globulin. No cases of subclinical hepatitis were found, and the disease did not appear among those treated with immune globulin. An investigation of the epidemic revealed that the disease was probably transmitted by contaminated orange juice served in the hospital cafeteria.
Radiofrequency ablation for total Barrett’s eradication: a description of the endoscopic technique, its clinical results and future prospects
Authors: R. Pouw, V. Sharma, J. Bergman, D. Fleischer
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Stepwise circumferential and focal radiofrequency ablation using the HALO system is a novel and promising ablative modality for Barrett's esophagus. Primary circumferential ablation is performed using a balloon-based bipolar electrode, while secondary treatment of residual Barrett's epithelium is performed using an endoscope-mounted bipolar electrode on an articulated platform. It has been used as a single-modality treatment or in combination with other therapies. Recent studies suggest that this ablation technique is highly effective in removing Barrett's mucosa and its associated dysplasia without the known drawbacks of photodynamic therapy or argon plasma coagulation, such as esophageal stenosis and subsquamous foci of intestinal metaplasia (also known as "buried Barrett"). In this review paper we will explain the technical background of radiofrequency ablation using the HALO system, give a summary of its current status, and speculate on possible future applications.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by reduced postprandial adiponectin response: a possible link with diabetic postprandial dyslipidemia
Authors: Giovanni Annuzzi, Lutgarda Bozzetto, Lidia Patti, Carmela Santangelo, Rosalba Giacco, Lucrezia Di Marino, Claudia De Natale, Roberta Masella, Gabriele Riccardi, Angela A. Rivellese
Journal: Metabolism (2009)