tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood Pressure and Serum Creatinine
Authors: Steven J. Rosansky
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Perneger et al<sup>1</sup>on the effect of increased blood pressure on kidney function supports the conclusion that we reached in a previous study. In our study,<sup>2</sup>"time averaged blood pressures" (clinic blood pressures recorded quarterly for a mean period of approximately 10 years) in a hypertensive group and a normotensive control group predicted change in serum creatinine levels. Several methodological issues are relevant to both studies. First, since hypertension may occur as a consequence of renal damage, it might be more useful to look at blood pressure levels measured prior to a change in renal function (as in the study by Perneger et al) instead of blood pressure levels measured during the follow-up period, as we used. Nevertheless, because of the unreliability of single blood pressure measurements, it may be necessary to obtain several baseline blood pressure values to see their effect
Alopecia following Treatment with Dextran Sulphate and Other Anticoagulant Drugs
Authors: G. R. Tudhope, H. Cohen, R. W. Meikle
Journal: BMJ (1958)

<h3>Background/aim</h3> Consequences of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury include worse patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and a decrease in activity level. Muscle function can be improved by targeted exercise. Our aims were to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among lower extremity muscle function and PROs after ACL injury. <h3>Methods</h3> Fifty-four participants (15 women, mean 30 years) with ACL injury or reconstruction, from the Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Nonsurgical versus Surgical Treatment (KANON) trial (ISRCTN84752559), were assessed with hop performance, muscle power and postural orientation 3 years (SD 0.85) after ACL injury. PROs at 3 and 5 years after injury included Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales Function in sport and recreation (KOOS Sport/rec) and Knee-related Quality of life (KOOS QoL), KOOS item Q3 (KOOS Q3), Tegner Activity Scale and Activity Rating Scale (ARS). Partial Spearman9s rank-order correlation was used to analyse correlations between muscle function and PROs, controlling for gender and treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Numerous cross-sectional correlations were observed between muscle function and PROs (r<sub>sp</sub>≈0.3–0.5, p≤0.045). Worse hop performance and worse postural orientation were associated with worse KOOS scores 2 years later (r<sub>sp</sub>≥0.280, p≤0.045). Worse muscle power was associated with lower future ARS scores (r<sub>sp</sub>=0.281, p=0.044). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The moderate associations suggest that improving muscle function during rehabilitation could improve present and future PROs.
Effects of Long-Term Selenium Supplementation on the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Saverio Stranges, James R. Marshall, Raj Natarajan, Richard P. Donahue, Maurizio Trevisan, Gerald F. Combs, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Antonio Ceriello, Mary E. Reid
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Findings from animal models suggest that selenium supplementation improves glucose metabolism. Objective: To examine the effect of long-term selenium supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Areas of low selenium consumption of the eastern United States. Patients: 1202 persons seen in dermatology clinics who did not have type 2 diabetes at baseline. Intervention: Oral administration of selenium, 200 μg/d, or placebo. Measurements: Incidence of type 2 diabetes. Results: During an average follow-up of 7.7 years (SD, 2.7), type 2 diabetes developed in 58 selenium recipients and 39 placebo recipients (incidence, 12.6 cases per 1000 person-years vs. 8.4 cases per 1000 person-years, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.03 to 2.33]). The lack of benefit of selenium supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes persisted in analyses stratified by age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status. An exposure–response gradient was found across tertiles of baseline plasma selenium level, with a statistically significantly increased risk for type 2 diabetes in the highest tertile of baseline plasma selenium level (hazard ratio, 2.70 [CI, 1.30 to 5.61]). Limitations: Diabetes was a secondary outcome in the parent trial. Diagnoses of diabetes were self-reported but were validated in most participants. The sample was mostly older and white. Conclusions: Selenium supplementation does not seem to prevent type 2 diabetes, and it may increase risk for the disease.
Increased production of tumor necrosis factor‐α by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the patients with aplastic anemia
Authors: K. Shinohara, H. Ayame, M. Tanaka, M. Matsuda, S. Ando, M. Tajiri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract The activity of tumor necrosis factor‐α: (TNF‐α) in the supernatant of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was measured in patients with aplastic anemia. It was significantly higher in patients with aplastic anemia than in normal controls, both when PBMC were unstimulated or when they were stimulated with PHA. Results from aplastic anemia patients were also significantly higher than patients who had received allogeneic bone marrow transplants. In aplastic anemia patients, the TNF‐α: value produced by PBMC upon stimulation and the platelet count were inversely correlated, as well those patients who had high TNF‐α values tended to have lower hemoglobin and leukocyte values although this was not significant statistically. These results suggest that the increased production of TNF‐α by PBMC plays a role in the severe suppression of hematopoiesis in aplastic anemia.
The Allen (Starvation) Treatment of Diabetes with a Series of Graduated Diets.
Authors: Lewis Webb Hill
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Research needs for the risk assessment of health and environmental effects of endocrine disruptors: a report of the U.S. EPA-sponsored workshop.
Authors: R J Kavlock, G P Daston, C DeRosa, P Fenner-Crisp, L E Gray, S Kaattari, G Lucier, M Luster, M J Mac, C Maczka, R Miller, J Moore, R Rolland, G Scott, D M Sheehan, T Sinks, H A Tilson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The hypothesis has been put forward that humans and wildlife species adverse suffered adverse health effects after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Reported adverse effects include declines in populations, increases in cancers, and reduced reproductive function. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a workshop in April 1995 to bring together interested parties in an effort to identify research gaps related to this hypothesis and to establish priorities for future research activities. Approximately 90 invited participants were organized into work groups developed around the principal reported health effects-carcinogenesis, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity-as well as along the risk assessment paradigm-hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Attention focused on both ecological and human health effects. In general, group felt that the hypothesis warranted a concerted research effort to evaluate its validity and that research should focus primarily on effects on development of reproductive capability, on improved exposure assessment, and on the effects of mixtures. This report summarizes the discussions of the work groups and details the recommendations for additional research.
Diagnostic Value of Thyrotrophin-Releasing Hormone in Pituitary and Hypothalamic Diseases
Authors: PETER J. SNYDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The clinical utility of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in assessing thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin secretion was evaluated in 100 patients with pituitary and hypothalamic diseases. Age- and sex-specific criteria for normal TSH and prolactin responses were used. Thyrotrophin reserve was impaired in 56 of the patients, but in 23 of these the abnormality could not have been predicted, because the serum thyroid hormone levels were normal. Prolactin secretion was abnormal, either an elevated basal level or a subnormal response to TRH, in 62 of the patients; only in the 2 patients with galactorrhea could the abnormality have been predicted clinically. In certain situations hormonal abnormalities due to pituitary involvement could be distinguished from hormonal abnormalities due to hypothalamic involvement by the type of TSH or prolactin response. Measurement of the TSH and prolactin responses to TRH, it is concluded, can show many abnormalities of pituitary and hypothalamic function not otherwise detectable.
On Cysts in the Interior of the Eye
Authors: W. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1852)

GROWTHS in the interior of the eye are of various descriptions, and vary in the mode and extent to which they interfere with the integrity of the organ.My object in this communication is to describe two cases of cysts, the first beimg of an exceedingly rare description.The narrative is that furnished by the patient.CASE I. On Friday, February 16, 1849, M. M., a young gentleman, eleven years of age, of strumous diathesis and excitable temperament, was in a garden, pulling out a piece of wire from an old box, when the wire suddenly gave way, and his hand struck his right eye wvith great force.The pain overpowered him for a time; he went into the house and laid down on a window-seat, sick and stupified as if stunned.As he was going home from school the following day, he said nothing about the accident, but he expected a black eye.The dnrve home was about three miles, during which he felt sick and poorly, and wore a handkerchief tied over the eye.In the aftemoon, he rode a pony for an hour or two; but the eye being still painful, he bathed it with warm water on his return, and covered it with a shade.The pain increasing and inflammation coming on, he did not return to school; and on the 20th, the inflammation still continuing, a surgeon was called in, who discovered a wound across the cornea, apparently made by the thumb ail.Leeches! were applied, and other judicious treat- ment adopted, but in spite of this, he was detained at home five weeks.By the month of April he was able to use the eye again, but there remained a seam, like a hair, where the wound had been; in other respects the eye was well.It was a question whether nitrate of silver drops should be employed to remove this seam-like opacity; butMr.John Soden, of Bath, who was consulted, did not recommend them.From that time, Master M. experienced some dimness of sight, but no other
India: looking ahead to one and a half billion people
Authors: R. Cassen, P. Visaria
Journal: BMJ (1999)

India's population passed one billion in 1999 and is growing by nearly 1.8% annually. The United Nations' “medium” projection has the country's population exceeding 1.5 billion in 2050 and reaching over 1.6 billion before it stabilises. 1 2 The assumptions underlying the projections can be questioned: fertility is certainly falling and this may accelerate, and the course of mortality may not be smooth. But clearly substantial growth lies ahead, and a population of 1.5 billion at some point in the next century is plausible.

One might ask how can India possibly cope? But India's population has almost trebled in the past 50 years. Perhaps a more useful question is whether the future will resemble the past. Will adding half a billion in the next 50 years be harder to manage than adding just over 650 million in the past 50?

#### Summary points

India's population has risen by 650 million in the past 50 years and could rise to 1.5 billion in the next century

Many of India's problems are due to social and economic conditions and policy failure rather than to rises in population

More environmentally friendly food production, more efficient use of water, and reduced pollution are urgently needed and for the most part affordable

The fertility decline needs to be accelerated by improving literacy and child survival and extending family planning services; there is no case for draconian measures

This article is based on background research for a three year research project on population issues in India which we have just started with other colleagues. We have used electronic literature searches and also drawn on our past research and publications.

The past five decades of population growth in India were accompanied by considerable progress. Living standards and life expectancy rose; the proportion of poor people fell from over 50% to …
Sepsis After Platelet Transfusions-Reply
Authors: Hayden G. Braine
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We wish to thank Dr Ciavarella for the interesting points that have been raised. If one calculates the rate of contamination of a single unit of platelets, the contamination rate is indeed one per 13460 events. However, from a clinical point of view, the number of events per transfusion is the most important incidence. Hence, we chose this measure (one per 4200 transfusions) in our presentation. We also hope that a method of rapid diagnosis could be developed. Lacking an effective alternative, we continue our practice of saving an aliquot of each unit. We feel that it is a relatively inexpensive procedure that can supply definitive information in a short period of time. It also allows us to determine if the contamination is occurring due to events at the time of collection or to pooling. We have not explored the possibility of using monoclonal antibodies for rapid antigen
THE IMMEDIATE AND REMOTE RESULTS OF THE HIGH OPERATION FOR VARICOCELE, WITH A REPORT ON THE EXAMINATION OF 100 CASES
Authors: E. M. Corner, C. A. R. Nitch
Journal: BMJ (1906)

RESULTS OF HIGH OPERATION F'OR VYARICOCELE.[MEDLCAL '9' sion, she was kept in the hospital for rest and nursing until August 8th.Posterior Colporrhaphy.The patient was again admitted in the end of November in order to undergo the operation of posterior colporrhaphy.Her symptoms then appeared to resuilt from dragging of the freely-movable uterus upon its artificial adhesions owing to the want of support fromn the pelvic floor.Menstruation since the operation had been regular, almost, painless, and the period lasted only from three to four days.General health greatly improved.The operation of colporrhaphy was per- formed on December 14th, 1904.There was nothing in the operation or after-history worth recording.The patient was discharged apparently well on January 2nd, 1905, and was lost sight of until she presented herself as an out-patient in November, 1905, complaining of some discomfort in the region of the cicatrix.She was admitted for observation early in December, and was found to be pregnant about twelve weeks.Careful palpation of the cicatrix appeared to show that there was unusual dragging on the adhesions between the middle of the corpus uteri and the abdominal wall.The other symptoms were merely those characteristic of normal pregnancy.It would be out of place to discuss principles and to generalize on the report of an individual ease, however remarkable.Still my experience of a great variety of cases with wonderful similarity in the results leads me now, in calling attention to the operation of ventrifixation by means of a striking case to deprecate the pessimism running through the discussion to which reference has been made.I deplore also the obiter dicta tone of the pronouncements of men whose views might do so much good or lharm among medical practitioners whio fortu- nately have to be consulted before operations are decided upon.In reading many reports uponl this operation from Europe and America, I find the jddgement of Hofmeier comes nearest to my own conclusions:As the final result of observations carried oIn for a con- siderable series of years, it may be confidently stated that the operation of ventrifixura uteri properly carried out.bas established for itself an eminentlv distinguished position in the treatment of displacements of the uterus, and that Olshausen, in introducing it, has conferred a great aind permanent benefit upon operative gynaecology.
Cell biologist wins Nobel prize
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Nobel Assembly has awarded the 1999 Nobel prize in physiology or medicine to Dr Gunter Blobel, a cell and molecular biologist at the Rockefeller University in New York, for his discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localisation in the cell.

Dr Blobel joined the Rockefeller's cell biology laboratory at the end of the 1960s. Building on the …
Motor Vehicle Driving and Cardiac Pacemakers
Authors: HAROLD BRANDALEONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Editorials1 October 1974Motor Vehicle Driving and Cardiac PacemakersHAROLD BRANDALEONE, M.D., MED. SC.D., F.A.C.P.HAROLD BRANDALEONE, M.D., MED. SC.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-4-548 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe increasing number of patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers raises the question of whether such persons should be licensed to drive motor vehicles or, if licensed, allowed unrestricted driving privileges. No "hard data" have been available to establish answers to these questions. There have been no reports of pacemaker failure that could account for a motor vehicle accident.To provide at least a tentative basis for guidelines on these questions, I have reviewed the scant pertinent literature and sought information from cardiologists who have had experience with large groups of patients with heart disease who use implanted pacemakers, and I...References1. SOWTON E: Driving licenses for patients with cardiac pacemakers (editorial). Br Heart J 34:977-980, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. NORMAN L (editor): Medical Aspects of Fitness to Drive a Motor Vehicle—A Guide for Medical Practitioners. Report of the Medical Commission on Accident Prevention. London, Royal College of Surgery of England, 1968 Google Scholar3. RAFFLE P (editor): Medical Aspects of Fitness to Drive a Motor Vehicle—A Guide for Medical Practitioners. Report of the Medical Commission on Accident Prevention. London, Royal College of Surgery of England, 1971 Google Scholar4. CRANCERO'NEALL AP: A record analysis of Washington drivers with license restrictions for heart disease. Northwest Med 69:409-416, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. HOODKESHISHIANSMITH OJN: Anti-hijacking efforts and cardiac pacemakers—report of a clinical study. Aerosp Med 43:314-322, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byResuming driving after a fracture of the lower extremityDRIVING ISSUES RELATED TO ARRHYTHMIC SYNCOPEPersonal and Public Safety Issues Related to Arrhythmias That May Affect Consciousness: Implications for Regulation and Physician Recommendations 1 October 1974Volume 81, Issue 4Page: 548-550KeywordsCardiovascular therapyPacemakers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Suppresses the Transcription of Proinflammatory Cytokines via the Phosphorylated c-Fos Protein
Authors: Keiko Koga, Giichi Takaesu, Ryoko Yoshida, Mako Nakaya, Takashi Kobayashi, Ichiko Kinjyo, Akihiko Yoshimura
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Abstract representations of number: What interactions with number form do not prove and priming effects do
Authors: Seppe Santens, Wim Fias, Tom Verguts
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We challenge the arguments of Cohen Kadosh &amp; Walsh (CK&amp;W) on two grounds. First, interactions between number form (e.g., notation, format, modality) and an experimental factor do not show that the notations/formats/modalities are processed separately. Second, we discuss evidence that numbers are coded abstractly, also when not required by task demands and processed unintentionally, thus challenging the authors' dual-code account
Hypoplastic anaemia associated with legionnaires' disease.
Authors: V J Hajiroussou, R C Joshi
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Age distribution of cancer of the cervix uteriThe most recent cancer registration data for England and Wales, relating to 1971,1 show that the peak for invasive carcinoma of the cervix occurs in the age group 50-54 years.Since early diagnosis of this disease affects prognosis, we studied more recent registration data to see whether there has been a trend towards presentation at an earlier age, and whether we need to screen younger women than the 1971 data would suggest. Material, methods, and resultsWe used cancer registration data for patients treated from 1975 to 1978 in hospitals in the North-west Thames Region.The number of registrations for invasive carcinoma of the cervix was similar for the four years studied-306 in 1975, 310 in 1976, 281 in 1977, and 278 in 1978.Even though registration is not complete in this region, these annual figures can be considered random samples since any bias in the completeness of registration is a function not of the patient's age but of the efficiency of the hospital's cancer registry.The age distribution of the patients is similar for the individual years 1975-8, and the combined data on 1175 registrations are compared in the table with the data for England and Wales in 1971.The basis of comparison is the percentage of the total registrations in each age group-in this instance age-specific rates are not appropriate since many patients with cancer treated in the North-west Thames Region do not live in the region.Indeed, the extent to which patients move across some regional boundaries for treatment is not always realised, with the result that statistics based on region of residence are sometimes assumed incorrectly to be accurate statistics on region of treatment.When compared with the 1971 national data, the North-west Thames regional figures show a trend towards an increased proportion of registrations in the 20-29 and 30-39 age groups and a corresponding reduced proportion in the 40-49 and 50-59 age groups.This is most noticeable for invasive cancer, but there is a similar trend for carcinoma in situ.Of the regional registrations for carcinoma in situ, 25 % were in the age group 28-31 years and only 12 % at 24-27 and 18 %0 at 32-35 years.