tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
William Harvey's Diploma From Padua
Authors: W. Browne
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To all and singular who shall see, read, or hear read the present special grant of a Doctorate, Sigismund de Capilisti, of Padua, Count of the Sacred Palace of the Lateran, and of the Court of the Caesars, and of the Imperial Consistory, etc., gives salutation in Him who is the Salvation of all men.  A praiseworthy custom was in vogue in old time among our ancestors, and has lasted to this day, that they who devoted themselves to the study of the various parts of divine learning, and became highly proficient therein, should be enrolled with due honour in the company of right learned men. A custom, indeed, of great sanctity, and instituted with excellent reason, for it is agreeable to law and justice that those who when proved in a fair contest are pronounced fit and worthy, should be crowned with the laurel of a Doctorate.  We therefore
837 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AN INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED KINASE 2 (IRAK2) VARIANT AND SPONTANEOUS VIRAL CLEARANCE OF HCV
Authors: J. Fischer, H. Wang, A.N.R. Weber, S. Bohm, M. Wiese, H. Tenckhoff, D. Deichsel, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Escape from normality
Authors: Joanne Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Labels shape lives. We label ourselves in hundreds of ways: short, tall, fat, thin, woman, man, and on and on. We imbue doctors with the power to alter or even trump our own self labels: diseased, healthy, diabetic, depressed, sometimes even girl or boy, man or woman. But none of us—doctors or patients—escapes the grasp of cultural norms and morality, especially in the behavioural sciences.

As a young boy, I already had labelled myself as “wrong.” I had not done wrong; I was wrong. All was unclear why until the summer of 1963, when I found four obscure books in a nearby university library. In one, written in the 1920s by a German sexologist, I first read the term “transsexual.” Its definition fitted me perfectly. I hated that, and I spent most of the rest of that summer rereading the text, hoping that if I read hard enough, perhaps I could convince myself that I was not reading about me. Even at 12, I knew I could not carry the labels of “normal” and “transsexual” simultaneously.

Seventeen years later, my quest for normality had taken me through a career in journalism, a failed marriage, and then into medical school. …
Effective treatment of chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis using a conservative approach
Authors: M. Moncrieff, E. M.Sassoon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis (CNCH) is usually treated by surgical excision, but is prone to recurrence.To examine whether CNCH could be treated nonsurgically using a home-made, pressure-relieving prosthesis.A retrospective comparison was made of the outcome in 41 subjects treated surgically and 15 treated nonsurgically between 1999 and 2001.Thirteen of the 15 patients (87%) treated nonsurgically were healed at follow-up after 1 month of conservative treatment and so have avoided surgery to date. In contrast, the recurrence rate of the surgically treated group was 14 of 41 (34%) patients.As a result of this study, we recommend that patients presenting with CNCH be managed conservatively in the first instance.
Determination of anaerobic threshold for assessment of functional state in patients with chronic heart failure.
Authors: N Matsumura, H Nishijima, S Kojima, F Hashimoto, M Minami, H Yasuda
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The use of anaerobic threshold in assessment of aerobic capacity was evaluated in 34 normal subjects and 47 patients with various kinds of chronic heart disease. Anaerobic threshold was determined as the oxygen consumption (VO2) at which a linear relationship between pulmonary ventilation (VE) and VO2 was lost during progressive treadmill exercise. Anaerobic threshold determined in this manner was validated with that determined by blood lactate measurements in eight normal subjects and nine cardiac patients (r = .962, p less than .001). Thereafter, anaerobic threshold was determined only by respiratory measurements. In symptom-limited, maximal exercise, anaerobic threshold was reached well before maximal effort and corresponded to 70% of maximal VO2 both in normal subjects and cardiac patients. Anaerobic threshold decreased as age progressed in normal subjects (r = - .70, p less than .001). Anaerobic threshold in cardiac patients was lower than that in the normal subjects and decreased progressively as New York Heart Association functional classification advanced (normal, 32.95 +/- 6.17 ml/min/kg; class I, 22.78 +/- 3.74; class II, 16.99 +/- 3.66; class III, 12.97 +/- 2.76; p less than .01 between each group other than between class II and class III). Anaerobic threshold in cardiac patients correlated poorly with other objective indices, e.g., cardiomegaly (r = -.54, p less than .001) and rise in pulmonary wedge pressure (r = -.64, p less than .001). At anaerobic threshold, cardiac patients subjectively graded the work load as light (13%), light-to-moderate (27%), moderate (30%), and moderate-to-heavy (28%). Thus determination of anaerobic threshold by respiratory measurements is a safe, accurate, and objective method to measure aerobic capacity in cardiac patients and in normal subjects.
α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Emphysema, Cirrhosis, and Intestinal Mucosal Atrophy
Authors: Alan J. Greenwald
Journal: JAMA (1975)

An elderly man with long-standing pulmonary emphysema was seen with recent onset of steatorrhea and ascites. He had very low levels of serum α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin, hepatic cirrhosis, and intestinal mucosal atrophy. We believe that this combination of findings did not occur by chance. (<i>JAMA</i>231:273-276, 1975)
Influence of 9p21.3 Genetic Variants on Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes in Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Diego Ardissino, Carlo Berzuini, Piera Angelica Merlini, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Aarti Surti, Noel Burtt, Benjamin Voight, Marco Tubaro, Flora Peyvandi, Marta Spreafico, Patrizia Celli, Daniela Lina, Maria Francesca Notarangelo, Maurizio Ferrario, Raffaela Fetiveau, Giorgio Casari, Michele Galli, Flavio Ribichini, Marco L. Rossi, Francesco Bernardi, Nicola Marziliano, Pietro Zonzin, Francesco Mauri, Alberto Piazza, Luisa Foco, Luisa Bernardinelli, David Altshuler, Sekar Kathiresan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 742: Mechanisms of resistance to small molecule inhibition of anaplastic lymphoma kinase in human neuroblastoma
Authors: Erica L. Carpenter, Elizabeth A. Haglund, Adrian K. Chow, James G. Christensen, John M. Maris, Yael P. Mosse
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify therapeutically targetable mechanisms of resistance to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibition in neuroblastoma. ALK is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) frequently activated in neuroblastoma, a malignancy of the autonomic nervous system representing almost 10% of pediatric cancers. ALK aberrations, including mutation and amplification, lead to increased autophosphorylation and activation in neuroblastoma. PF-02341066, an orally available small-molecule inhibitor of the ALK tyrosine kinase, has shown dramatic activity in non-small lung cancers harboring an ALK translocation, and is currently in phase 1 trials in pediatrics. Although pharmacological inhibition of kinases in diseases such as chronic myelogenous leukemia has significantly improved survival, resistance inevitably develops. Mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors have included mutation of the targeted receptor as well as up-regulation and dependence switch to other RTKs. We hypothesize that patients with neuroblastoma who successfully respond to ALK inhibition will eventually relapse and that in vitro models can be used to predict the underlying mechanisms of resistance. To mimic the development of resistance, we treated ALK-expressing human neuroblastoma-derived cell lines in vitro with PF-02341066 for several months. Once resistance was established, serial dilutions were used to generate clonal populations of PF-02341066-resistant cells. Western blotting was used to confirm inhibition of phospho-ALK and rule out drug efflux as a resistance mechanism. DNA analysis revealed no additional PF-02341066-induced mutations or copy number variations within ALK. We next used Western blot and phoshpho-array technology to evaluate changes in the activation state of a panel of RTKs as well as their downstream signaling molecules. Interestingly, in comparison to the untreated parental line, PF-02341066-resistant cells had up-regulated activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as other downstream signaling molecules. Dependence of the PF-02341066-resistant cells on these pathways was verified by showing increased sensitivity of the resistant versus parental cell lines to inhibition of these up-regulated pathways. Taken together, these data suggest that ALK inhibition in neuroblastoma leads to a dependence switch to EGFR and implies the need to develop therapeutic strategies to target this receptor when ALK inhibition is used clinically. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 742. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-742
THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE EPIDERMIS TN THE RETICULOSES
Authors: T. J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE EPIDERMIS TN THE RETICULOSES Get access T. J. RYAN T. J. RYAN The Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 5, 1 May 1968, Pages 298–306, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12303.x Published: 01 May 1968 Article history Accepted: 17 November 1967 Published: 01 May 1968
Safe Hypotensive Anesthesia
Authors: JACOBUS W. MOSTERT
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Dr. Mallory's letter (224:248, 1973) regarding hypotensive anesthesia in total hip replacement is absolutely valid. However, by omitting mention of mandatory precautionary monitoring, Dr. Mallory risks the uncritical acceptance by colleagues who are certain to bring the practice of hypotensive anesthesia into disrepute if they overlook the inability of some patients to compensate for loss of arterial pressure. This inherent hazard of the technique is illustrated in the following cases.  Report of Cases.—Case 1.—  In 1970 I subjected an 18-year-old girl to hypotensive anesthesia with pentolinium for excision of a meningioma at Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo. During a three-hour period, the mean arterial pressure was below 45 mm Hg. In spite of this, the base excess remained unaltered. Cardiac output measured with indocyanine green dilution and a computer diminished from the preoperative value of 5.9 liters to 1.6 liters/min in association with a circulation
Immigrants do not push up US healthcare costs, study shows
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Immigrants in the United States receive about half as much medical care as their native born counterparts, a study reports. Immigrants spend an average of $1139 ($640) a year in health care, whereas US born residents spend $2564.

The study found that Asian immigrants had healthcare expenses similar to those of US born people and that the biggest gap in spending was among Latino and black people ( American Journal of Public Health 2005;95:1431-8).

The authors, who presented the study as the first nationwide analysis of immigrants' healthcare expenditure, based their research on data for 1998 from official health and …
PSA screening for prostate cancer
Authors: T. J. Wilt, P. Dahm
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Achieve more for patients and payers by doing less

Few healthcare issues have generated as much controversy as prostate specific antigen (PSA) based screening for prostate cancer.1 2 Enthusiasm for such screening is high in part because a seemingly simple blood test can lead to early detection and treatment of a common and potentially lethal disease. Screening has resulted in a noticeable increase in incidence of prostate cancer and near universal active treatment for screen detected disease. However, recent science shows that screening for prostate cancer, as with all screening strategies, is a complex process and double-edged sword. This provides the background for the linked paper by Carlsson and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.g2296).3 Though some men may benefit from screening, many more are harmed by testing and the cascade of diagnostic and treatment related events that follow. Further, men and society bear the financial costs of this screening cascade.

Rising healthcare costs and evidence that a large portion of healthcare is ineffective, unnecessary, costly, and potentially harmful require a re-evaluation of how better healthcare can be provided at lower costs—that is, how value can be improved. Screening strategies that yield similar benefits with fewer harms or lower costs provide better value; strategies that produce no benefit or where benefits do not justify harms or costs provide poor value. The value of effective screening tests can be modified by “screening intensity”—that is, by adjusting the population screened, the frequency of screening, or the …
Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: Eric W. Fine
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The comments made by Marvin A. Block, MD (235:2103, 1976) give serious cause for concern. The main thrust of his argument, it seems, is the condemnation of attempts to develop techniques that would allow selected alcoholic patients to drink alcohol without resorting to an excessive and uncontrolled intake of that drug. Most clinicians working with alcoholic populations would agree that their patients represent a highly diverse and heterogeneous group, whose syndromes of alcohol abuse are clearly multifactorial in etiology. Dr Block, unfortunately, continues to operate out of an outdated model, which relates to alcohol abuse and alcoholism in an overly simplistic manner. He fails to recognize the obvious fact that the alcoholic population consists of several subgroups with different etiologies, clinical manifestations, natural histories, and outcomes. They therefore demand—and deserve—different treatment approaches based on carefully determined individualized treatment plans. The present treatment of alcoholic patients leaves a
Effects of Reserpine on Calcium Levels in Cardiac Tissue of Mice
Authors: B. R. Clower, W. L. Williams, J. L. Matheny
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

In four stocks (TS, DBA, RF, and C) of mice the calcium contents of atrium and ventricle were measured. After seven daily injections of 0·1 mg/kg reserpine the amounts of calcium were reduced in both heart chambers of all four stocks. Reserpine exerted its most depleting action on the stocks (DBA and TS) which had the highest control levels of calcium.
Genome-wide SNP and CNV analysis identifies common and low-frequency variants associated with severe early-onset obesity
Authors: Eleanor Wheeler, Ni Huang, Elena G Bochukova, Julia M Keogh, Sarah Lindsay, Sumedha Garg, Elana Henning, Hannah Blackburn, Ruth J F Loos, Nick J Wareham, Stephen O'Rahilly, Matthew E Hurles, Inês Barroso, I Sadaf Farooqi
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
The James D. Bruce Memorial Lecture: The Transmission of Streptococcal and Staphylococcal Infections.
Authors: C. H. Rammelkamp
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963The James D. Bruce Memorial Lecture: The Transmission of Streptococcal and Staphylococcal Infections.C. H. Rammelkamp Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.C. H. Rammelkamp Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-733_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the past 2 decades, emphasis on the prevention of many infections has been directed toward the control of environmental contamination. Two infections, namely those caused by the Group A streptococcus andStaphylococcus aureus, have been the target for intensive study primarily because the environment is invariably contaminated by the individual infected with one of these organisms. The establishment of measures which control contaminated dust and articles in hospitals and other areas has not resulted in the elimination of infections, suggesting that transmission was effected through other than the airborne route. Experimental epidemiological studies, conducted during the past 10 years,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 733-733KeywordsDustStaphylococcal infectionStaphylococcus aureusStreptococcal infectionsStreptococcus Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Age- and Concentration-Dependent Elimination Half-Life of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- <i>p</i> -dioxin in Seveso Children
Authors: Brent D. Kerger, Hon-Wing Leung, Paul Scott, Dennis J. Paustenbach, Larry L. Needham, Donald G. Patterson, Pier M. Gerthoux, Paolo Mocarelli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Pharmacokinetic and statistical analyses are reported to elucidate key variables affecting 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) elimination in children and adolescents.We used blood concentrations to calculate TCDD elimination half-life. Variables examined by statistical analysis include age, latency from exposure, sex, TCDD concentration and quantity in the body, severity of chloracne response, body mass index, and body fat mass.Blood was collected from 1976 to 1993 from residents of Seveso, Italy, who were < 18 years of age at the time of a nearby trichlorophenol reactor explosion in July 1976.TCDD half-life in persons < 18 years of age averaged 1.6 years while those > or =18 years of age averaged 3.2 years. Half-life is strongly associated with age, showing a cohort average increase of 0.12 year half-life per year of age or time since exposure. A significant concentration-dependency is also identified, showing shorter half-lives for TCDD concentrations > 400 ppt for children < 12 years of age and 700 ppt when including adults. Moderate correlations are also observed between half-life and body mass index, body fat mass, TCDD mass, and chloracne response.Children and adolescents have shorter TCDD half-lives and a slower rate of increase in half-life than adults, and this effect is augmented at higher body burdens.Modeling of TCDD blood concentrations or body burden in humans should take into account the markedly shorter elimination half-life observed in children and adolescents and concentration-dependent effects observed in persons > 400-700 ppt.
Prevention of nifedipine of abnormal coronary vasoconstriction in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: S Gunther, L Green, J E Muller, G H Mudge, W Grossman
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic responses to the cold pressor test were studied in 15 patients with coronary artery disease and stable exertional angina. Every patient had abnormal coronary vasoconstriction during a control cold pressor test, even though 14 were receiving propranolol and 12 were receiving long acting nitrates. Mean coronary vascular resistance for the group increased 18 +/- 6% (SD) (from 0.80 +/- 0.12 to 0.94 +/- 0.20 mm Hg/ml/min, p less than 0.05); coronary sinus blood was unchanged, and the arterial-coronary sinus oxygen difference widened significantly (from 11.5 +/- 1.2 to 12.3 +/- 1.2 ml/100 ml, p less than 0.05). Four patients developed angina, accompanied in each instance by a negative arterial-coronary sinus lactate difference. After the administration of nifedipine (10 mg buccally) in 10 patients, the coronary vascular responses to a repeat cold pressor test were normal in each patient. Mean coronary sinus blood flow increased 27 +/- 12% (from 122 +/- 32 to 153 +/- 35 ml/min, p less than 0.05), coronary vascular resistance decreased 10 +/- 6% (from 0.85 +/- 0.16 to 0.76 +/- 0.16 mm Hg/ml/min, p less than 0.05), and the arterial-coronary sinus oxygen difference was unchanged. No patient experienced angina. The hemodynamic and coronary vascular responses to a repeat cold pressor test in five patients given placebo were unaltered from control responses. The protective effects of nifedipine were unaccompanied by any change in mean arterial pressure, left ventricular filling pressure or myocardial oxygen consumption either at rest or in response to the cold pressor test. Nifedipine appears to exert a selective antivasoconstrictor effect on the coronary vasculature.
World's first public-private cord blood bank launched in UK
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Obstetricians and midwives are calling for discussions on the logistics of collecting umbilical cord blood for banking, after the launch of the world's first dual private and public cord blood stem cell bank in the United Kingdom. 

The Virgin Health Bank will provide parents with the facility to store their child's umbilical cord blood in two portions—one as a private sample for the sole use of the child and his or her family and the second as a public sample, available free of charge to anyone requiring stem cell transplantation. 

It is expected that about 80% of each sample will be placed in the public bank and 20% held in the private bank, although this will depend on the individual cord blood sample, stem cell expansion, and whether cells meet the regulatory requirements for the international transplantation registry. 

Storage of umbilical cord blood has been growing in popularity in the past few years, with private banks being established in several countries. Umbilical cord blood is rich in stem cells, which can be used to treat patients with abnormal haematopoietic cell lines, childhood leukaemia, and a range of immune and metabolic diseases. Cord blood is cheaper and easier to obtain than bone marrow and less likely to be rejected by the recipient. 

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists welcomed the public nature and the international accessibility of the Virgin Health Bank. However, it warned in a statement, “Our prime concern remains …