tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antigenicity of premelanosomes and melanoma cytotoxic activity demonstrated by spleen mononuclear cells of melanoma-bearing hamster
Authors: A. TAMAKI, Y. MISHIMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

The antigenicity of premelanosomes, which are specific organelles for melanin biosynthesis in the cytoplasm of malignant melanoma cells, has been revealed by the blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from melanoma‐bearing Syrian (golden) hamsters, using the lymphocyte stimula tion assay. The lymphocytes from these hamsters have also been found to exhibit cytotoxic effects on cultured melanoma cells as shown by the microcytotoxic assay technique.
Pediatric Blood Lead Levels
Authors: Philip R. Fine
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In a state-wide survey of lead poisoning in Illinois, blood specimens were obtained from 6,151 children ages 1 to 6 years who resided in 14 Illinois cities of intermediate size (10,000 to 150,000 population). Of the total number tested, 1,147 (18.6%) were found to have evidence of undue absorption of lead (greater than or equal to 40μg/100 ml) while in 51 (0.8%) of the children unequivocal instances of lead poisoning occurred (greater than or equal to 80μg/100 ml), according to the guidelines of the Surgeon General. The percentage of children evidencing undue absorption of lead in each city varied from 9.6% to 31.3%, while the main blood lead levels of the samples from the different cities varied from 19.8μg/100 ml to 32.9μg/ 100 ml. The findings suggest that pediatric lead intoxication is not confined to urban slums, but does occur with alarming frequency in smaller communities.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and McCune–Albright syndrome occurring in the same patient
Authors: J. Gonzalez‐Martin, S. Glover, S. Dixon, A. Fryer, H. Carty, C. Smith, S.B. Kaye, J. Verbov
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

A patient with both neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) and McCune-Albright syndrome is described. NF-1 and McCune-Albright are separate entities and this is the first report of a patient with clear evidence of both conditions.
Abstract 241: A novel function of thyroid hormone receptors in promoting metastasis of human hepatoma cells via regulation of TRAIL
Authors: HsiangCheng Chi, YiHsin Tseng, Chung-Ying Tsai, I-Hsiao Chung, Kwang-Huei Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Thyroid hormone (T3) and its binding receptors (TRs) are potent regulators mediating cell metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation. Accumulating evidence has confirmed an important role of TRs in tumor progression. However, the specific functions of TRs in carcinogenesis have yet to be clarified. Experiments from the present study have shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is upregulated by T3 in TR-overexpressing hepatoma cell lines. The T3-responsive element of the TRAIL promoter was localized to nucleotides at positions −1967 to −1977 upstream of the transcription start site. Interestingly, TRAIL acts as an apoptosis inducer in several cancer cell types, but also triggers non-apoptotic signals favoring tumorigenesis in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. In our experiments, TR-overexpressing hepatoma cells treated with T3 were apoptosis-resistant, even under conditions where TRAIL was upregulated. This finding may be attributed to the simultaneous upregulation of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptosis gene, by T3. Thus, overexpression of Bcl-xL in hepatoma cells possibly protects against apoptotic death triggered by TRAIL, consequently leading to TRAIL-promoted metastasis in hepatoma cells. Moreover, T3-enhanced metastasis was repressed by the treatment of TRAIL-blocking antibody. Notably, TRAIL was highly expressed in tumor cells of HCC patients, and this high expression was significantly correlated with the high TR expression as examined in 65 HCC tissues. Collectively, our findings indicate that TR directly binds to the TRAIL promoter to induce TRAIL expression, which acts in concert with the simultaneously activated anti-apoptotic factor, Bcl-xL, to promote metastasis, rather than apoptosis. Our findings provide a novel mechanistic link for increased TR and TRAIL in HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 241. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-241
Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis — Sorting Out the Gray Matter
Authors: Peter A. Calabresi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

In this issue of the Journal, Lucchinetti and colleagues report a high prevalence of cortical gray-matter inflammation and demyelination on tissue obtained at biopsy from patients with multiple sclerosis of new onset.1 Although several prior studies have documented demyelinating lesions in the gray matter of persons with multiple sclerosis,2,3 none of these investigations analyzed tissues from more than one newly diagnosed patient. The findings of the study by Lucchinetti et al. are provocative and provide definitive evidence that inflammatory disease of the gray matter commences early in the pathogenesis of some cases of multiple sclerosis. Specifically, they found cortical . . .
The Structure and Function of Skin
Authors: William A. Caro
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Fourteen years have elapsed since publication of the second edition of this highly regarded book and in that time a vast new knowledge relating to the biology of skin has accumulated. Nevertheless, the third edition remains the same size as the second and covers the same basic subject matter, but here the similarity ends, for the book has been totally rewritten and the content only superficially resembles that of the earlier edition.  The book presents a systematic discussion of the epidermis, dermis, and their modifications and constituents such as blood supply, cutaneous nerves, hair apparatus, nails, and glands. These topics are presented with discussions of gross, light microscopic, and electron microscopic morphology; embryology; function; cell kinetics and metabolism; and histochemistry. The picture of skin that evolves is that of a highly complex and dynamic organ for which the authors have a deep affection.  The style is easily readable, and the
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia with Thromboembolic Arterial Occlusion Treated with Recombinant Hirudin
Authors: Oliver H. Schmidt, Werner Lang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Lepirudin (Refludan) is a genetically engineered recombinant form of hirudin that is used for anticoagulation therapy in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia due to heparin-dependent antiplatelet antibodies.1 We report a case of combined intraoperative and postoperative lepirudin treatment of a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and acute arterial occlusion. A 60-year-old woman (weight, 71 kg; height, 160 cm) had been receiving 7500 IU of unfractionated heparin sodium twice a day subcutaneously for five days for prophylaxis against venous thrombosis while a paraspinal cystic lesion in the region of the thoracic spine was being investigated. She was transferred to our . . .
Survey: blood donations, transfusions, and AIDS
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THREE YEARS AGO, more than one third of persons polled in a national survey said one could contract acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from donating blood. Now, in a new telephone survey of 1000 randomly selected adults nationwide, one fifth of respondents have expressed that belief. Slightly more than half the respondents (51%) in the latest survey said it is unlikely that someone can become infected from receiving a blood transfusion. This compares with 42% three years ago, says Jon Hutchens, vice president of Hamilton, Frederick &amp; Schneiders, which conducted the survey. The latest results were released for the American Association of Blood Banks by the association's president, Paul J. Schmidt, MD, president of the Southwest Florida Blood Banks, Inc, Tampa. Fifty-six percent of those surveyed said they feel the blood supply is safer today than five years ago. In 1985, 44% thought this to be the case. While the association
Differential induction responses of δ‐aminolevulinate synthase mRNAs during erythroid differentiation: Use of nonradioactive in situ hybridization
Authors: Kinuko Mitani, Hiroyoshi Fujita, Norio Hayashi, Masayuki Yamamoto, Shigeru Sassa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Expression of mRNAs encoding the erythroid‐specific δ‐aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS‐E) and the nonspecific δ‐aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS‐N) were examined in murine Friend virus‐transformed erythroleukemia (MEL) cells using nonradioactive in situ hybridization. Following dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment, ALAS‐E mRNA increased markedly, while ALAS‐N mRNA did not increase in wild‐type MEL cells. In contrast, in a DMSO‐resistant clone of MEL cells, ALAS‐E was not detectable before and after DMSO treatment. These findings suggest that ALAS‐E and ALAS‐N mRNAs are under separate controls and that the expression of ALAS‐E mRNA is a critical event in erythroid differentiation.
The Fine Structure of the Normal Human Alveolocapillary Membrane
Authors: Matthew B. Divertie, Arnold L. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1964)

When WILLIAM ADDISON<sup>1</sup>suggested in 1842 that the pulmonary alveoli might be lined by a continuous epithelium, he touched off a controversy which continued for the next 100 years. In 1947 the late William Snow Miller<sup>2</sup>in his monograph<i>The Lung</i>stated emphatically that an epithelial lining did exist, but he conceded that there was still a great deal of disagreement on the subject. Among those who agreed that an epithelial lining was present in the normal alveoli, further differences of opinion existed as to whether this was a continuous epithelial lining of nucleated cells or whether small cuboidal nucleated cells were interspersed with non-nucleated plaques. As recently as 1954,<sup>3</sup>the conclusion following an electron microscopic study carried out on rat lung was that the evidence for existence of a continuous epithelial lining or of alveolar lining plaques was lacking. Since that time electron microscopic studies have
Tensile properties, tension–tension fatigue and biological response of polyetheretherketone–hydroxyapatite composites for load-bearing orthopedic implants
Authors: M.S. Abu Bakar, M.H.W. Cheng, S.M. Tang, S.C. Yu, K. Liao, C.T. Tan, K.A. Khor, P. Cheang
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Loss of estrogen upregulates osteoblastogenesis in the murine bone marrow. Evidence for autonomy from factors released during bone resorption.
Authors: R L Jilka, K Takahashi, M Munshi, D C Williams, P K Roberson, S C Manolagas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Loss of sex steroids causes an increase in both the resorption and formation of bone, with the former exceeding the latter. Based on evidence that the increased bone resorption after estrogen loss is due to an increase in osteoclastogenesis, we hypothesized that estrogen loss also stimulates osteoblastogenesis. We report that the number of mesenchymal osteoblast progenitors in the murine bone marrow was increased two- to threefold between 2 and 8 wk after ovariectomy and returned to control levels by 16 wk. Circulating osteocalcin, as well as osteoclastogenesis and the rate of bone loss, followed a very similar temporal pattern. Inhibition of bone resorption by administration of the bisphosphonate alendronate led to a decrease of the absolute number of osteoblast progenitors; however, it did not influence the stimulating effect of ovariectomy on osteoblastogenesis or osteoclastogenesis. These observations indicate that the increased bone formation that follows loss of estrogen can be explained, at least in part, by an increase in osteoblastogenesis. Moreover, they strongly suggest that unlike normal bone remodeling, whereby osteoblast development is stimulated by factors released from the bone matrix during osteoclastic resorption, estrogen deficiency unleashes signals that can stimulate the differentiation of osteoblast progenitors in a fashion that is autonomous from the need created by bone resorption, and therefore, inappropriate.
Four factors predict persistent abdominal pain in children, study finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

More than a third of children who see a GP for abdominal pain continue to have persistent pain one year later, says a Dutch study that shows four practical predictors for children who are likely to have chronic pain.

Researchers prospectively studied 348 consecutive children aged 4 to 17 who saw their GP for abdominal pain at 53 practices in Rotterdam over a two year period.1 They followed up the …
Angiotensin II Potentiates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Angiogenic Activity in Retinal Microcapillary Endothelial Cells
Authors: Atsushi Otani, Hitoshi Takagi, Kiyoshi Suzuma, Yoshihito Honda
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a role in the development of many vascular diseases. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of Ang II on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor expression and VEGF-induced angiogenic activity in bovine retinal microcapillary endothelial cells (BRECs). Ang II induced a significant increase of kinase domain–containing receptor/total liver kinase (KDR/Flk-1) mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with a maximal 4.3±0.8-fold increase after a 4-hour stimulation. Ang II increased the rate of KDR gene transcription by 5.4-fold, whereas the half-life of KDR mRNA was not increased significantly. The increase depended partially on new protein synthesis. The Ang II–induced KDR mRNA increase was inhibited by either [Sar 1 ,Ile 8 ]angiotensin or angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonists but was not significantly altered by angiotensin type 2 receptor antagonists. The PKC inhibitor reduced Ang II–induced KDR mRNA expression by 70±15%. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor reduced the Ang II– and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate–induced KDR mRNA increases by 35±8% and 44±26%, respectively. Ang II increased by 3.1-fold the 35 S-labeled KDR/Flk-1 immunoprecipitated by a specific antibody to KDR/Flk-1. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that Ang II induced a significant increase of binding sites without changing binding affinity. Ang II enhanced VEGF-induced cell growth and tube formation. Ang II itself had no effect on cell growth, tube formation, or mRNA levels of VEGF and tms -like tyrosine kinase (Flt-1) in BRECs. These findings suggest that Ang II might potentiate VEGF-induced angiogenic activity through an increase of the VEGF receptor KDR/Flk-1.
AN AURAL MASSEUR.
Authors: CHEVALIER JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The accompanying illustration shows an instrument which has yielded me splendid results in the treatment of non-purulent middle-ear disease during almost three years. Until I devised it, I scarcely knew what to do with the class of cases that come with a story something like this: "Doctor, I came to see if you could do anything for me. I am hard of hearing and have annoying noises in my ears. I am told that both my throat catarrh and Eustachian catarrh have been cured. My general health is good. Yet my trouble is growing worse. I have a bag and have Politzerized myself until I am sick of it. I seem to have gotten all the benefit that it will yield me. Can you do anything for me, Doctor?" I had often been at "my wits' end" trying to suggest or do something that had not already been suggested or
A FIRST-AID FOR MINER'S USE
Authors: W. V. Gage
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The accompanying illustration shows a newea in firfirst-aid packet construction, and also the expedient which has been adopted to compel, as nearly as possible, the presence of the packet in case of underground injury. The packet is of tin, is 8 inc8s long by 3 wide3nd is curved or. itsonaterally. It may contain such various first First-aidfor miner's use, sealed and attached to dinner pal i andpail ready for use. aid materials asemanded by the vocation e vocation of its carrier. It is one-half inch thick and its sides are soft soldered carrier. Iione tolfick and itsdes areft soldered atheir edges to ahahe-inchp; thus thenaacket is sealed hermetically. The narrow strip referred to isf such a length chllow its ends to lap nchr each other fn about an inch, leaving a toaue which iseized when the open the packet and secure its open the packet and secure its contents.
Phases of clinical trials
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Researchers assessed the efficacy of nortriptyline when combined with nicotine replacement for smoking cessation. A randomised controlled trial was performed. Participants were included if they were trying to stop smoking. In total, 445 participants were randomised to nortriptyline combined with nicotine replacement and 456 to control (placebo plus nicotine replacement). The primary outcome was prolonged confirmed abstinence at six months.1 Nortriptyline is an antidepressant, and although at the time of the study it was not licensed for smoking cessation, it had shown benefit in previous trials. Nicotine replacement is licensed for smoking cessation and is the most commonly used drug in this setting. The proportion of people who achieved prolonged abstinence at six months was greater in those using nortriptyline than in those using placebo, although the difference was not statistically significant (16% v 12%; relative risk 1.34, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.86). The authors concluded that although nortriptyline and nicotine replacement are effective drugs in smoking cessation, combined treatment is no more effective than either treatment alone. Which one of the following options best describes the phase of the above clinical trial?
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Transfer to Alveolar Septa for Effective Suppression of Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Masaki Watanabe, Masahito Ebina, Frank M. Orson, Akira Nakamura, Kazuo Kubota, Daizo Koinuma, Ken-ichi Akiyama, Makoto Maemondo, Shinya Okouchi, Minoru Tahara, Kunio Matsumoto, Toshikazu Nakamura, Toshihiro Nukiwa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We examined therapeutic gene transfer of human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) to alveolar septa in mouse bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis using macroaggregated albumin-polyethylenimine complex (MAA-PEI). Intravenous administration of MAA-PEI along with 1 microg pCAG.hHGF to C57BL/6 mice increased the uptake of plasmids into alveolar capillary endothelial cells and epithelial cells, prolonged hHGF expression in the lung, and induced a level of hHGF expression equal to that seen with 10 microg of hHGF-expression plasmids alone. The exogenous source of hHGF gene expression increased the endogenous mouse HGF in the lungs and significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and collagen synthesis after bleomycin injury. Because GFP-labeled bone marrow-derived stem cells after bleomycin injury were reduced in number by HGF, the primary mechanism of HGF is likely to be the prevention of apoptosis, as has been suggested by in vitro experiments. This novel HGF gene transfer method to alveolar septa with nonstimulatory MAA-PEI conjugates may have promising clinical applications.
Intracranial infection due to mycobacterium bovis in Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: P D Heath, J W Grant
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A propos d'une observation. Des lesions intracrâniennes multiples chez un sujet atteint de maladie de Hodgkin demanderaient des explorations, y compris des biopsies. Dans le cas decrit il s'agit de Mycobacterium bovis et le malade travaille dans une laiterie
Public involvement in health care
Authors: Ike Anya
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Florin and Dixon raise important points about the need for clarity on the issue of increased public involvement in decision making in the NHS.1 Two points are worth emphasising.

Firstly, the entire process could be reduced to a tickbox exercise in which trusts co-opt “tame” representatives to rubber stamp decisions.

Secondly, “professional” public representatives could emerge whose views are not necessarily representative of the public's and who turn up as public representatives on every committee and board.

The process by which the public is involved in making health service decisions needs to be transparent and open and may require extra effort, to ensure that the process is indeed inclusive.
Evaluation of Restorative Care vs Usual Care for Older Adults Receiving an Acute Episode of Home Care
Authors: Mary E. Tinetti
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Illness and hospitalization often trigger functional decline among older persons. Home care services implemented for functional decline provide an opportunity to intervene to improve outcomes.To compare functional status and the likelihood of remaining at home for persons receiving restorative care vs usual home care.Intervention using prospective individual matching conducted between November 1, 1998, and April 30, 2000. Six offices of a home care agency in Connecticut were used. One branch office served as the restorative care unit and the other 5 served as usual care offices.Patients receiving home care through the restorative care office who were 65 years or older; in receipt of Medicare-covered home care lasting at least 7 days; with absence of severe cognitive impairment; and not terminal, bedridden, or requiring total care were matched with patients from 1 of the usual care offices. The matching factors included age, sex, race, baseline self-care function, cognitive status, whether hospitalization preceded the home care episode, and date of the home care episode. Of the 712 eligible restorative care patients, 691 (97%) were matched with a usual care patient.Restorative care, provided by the home care agency nursing, therapy, and home health aide staff, was based on principles from geriatric medicine, nursing, rehabilitation, and goal attainment.Remaining at home, functional status at completion of the home care episode, and duration and intensity of home care episode.Compared with usual care, and after adjusting for baseline characteristics and other factors, restorative care was associated with a greater likelihood of remaining at home (82% vs 71%; odds ratio [OR], 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47-2.69) and a reduced likelihood of visiting an emergency department (10% vs 20%; OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.32-0.61). Home care episodes were shorter (mean [SD], 24.8 [26.8] days vs 34.3 [44.2] days; S = -17 821; P<.001). Restorative care patients had better mean (SD) scores than usual care patients in self-care (11.0 [2.1] vs 10.7 [2.5]; P =.07 after adjustment), home management (9.5 [2.9] vs 9.2 [3.0]; P =.05 after adjustment), and mobility (3.3 [0.8] vs 3.2 [0.9]; P =.02 after adjustment).This trial suggests that reorganizing the structure and goals of home care can enhance health outcomes of older patients without increasing health care utilization.
Biliary Calculus of Roundworm Origin
Authors: ROBERT RANEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A 12-year-old negro boy with his second episode of jaundice is reported. A stone in the common bile duct contained a cuticle and multiple ova of Ascaris lumbricoides. Characteristics of Ascaris lumbricoides that predispose to formation of biliary stones are discussed. This is the first case of formation of a biliary stone due to ascariasis reported in the United States.