tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of epsilon amino caproic acid and other inhibitors of proteolysis upon the response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin
Authors: Rochelle Hirschhorn, Judith Grossman, Walter Troll, Gerald Weissmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Previous work has suggested that intracellular proteolysis may play a role in lymphocyte stimulation. An inhibitor of proteolysis, epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) was studied for its effect on the lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). EACA was found to inhibit several parameters of lymphocyte stimulation (e.g. DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis as well as alterations in morphology) This inhibition was not due to diminished cellular viability and did not permanently impair the capacity of the lymphocyte to subsequently respond to PHA. Additionally, there was no evidence that this inhibition was due to other possible effects of EACA, such as alterations in Na(+) - K(+) transport, competitive amino acid deprivation or interference with PHA binding. Moreover, the inhibitors of proteolysis, tosyl arginine methyl ester (TAME), tosyl lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), and tosyl phenyl-alanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), were also shown to inhibit lymphocyte stimulation.EACA was most effective when added during the first 24 hr of stimulation. Therefore, these experiments support the hypothesis that proteolysis is an essential step in the early phase of lymphocyte activation.
INTRODUCTION TO THE RORSCHACH METHOD. A MANUAL OF PERSONALITY STUDY. By<i>Samuel J. Beck, Ph. D.</i>; preface by<i>F. L. Wells, Ph. D.</i>(Monograph No. 1 of the American Orthopsychiatric Association.) (Menasha, Wisconsin : George Banta Publishing Company, 1937.)
Authors: W. Line
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1938)
Differential Diagnosis: The Interpretation of Clinical Evidence
Authors: Maxwell Finland
Journal: JAMA (1980)

When I was a medical student more than half a century ago, I had the pleasant and exciting experience of hearing the late Richard Cabot each week presenting a "Clinical-Pathological Conference." It was essentially an exercise in differential diagnosis in which he stopped at each symptom, sign, or laboratory finding and mentioned its possible importance and the common conditions in which it appears, eliminating one after another as he went along until he was left with what was generally the correct diagnosis, by exclusion. He then tried to fit the entire clinical picture into that diagnosis. This format, considerably modified, is the basis of the very popular "Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital," which still appear each week in the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>. Most of my fellow students in those days generally referred to<i>French's Index of Differential Diagnosis</i>, which was a sort of dictionary-type alphabetic list
Acute Renal Failure Following Cholecystography.
Authors: J. F. Maher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Acute Renal Failure Following Cholecystography.J. F. Maher, M.D., J. G. Setter, M.D., G. E. Schreiner, M.D., F.A.C.P.J. F. Maher, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. G. Setter, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. E. Schreiner, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-742_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough isolated reports of acute renal failure after cholecystography have appeared, no renal biopsy studies, renal function tests, or analysis of clinical data have been performed. Clinical observations were, therefore, made on 9 patients who developed oliguria after cholecystography with histologic correlation in 6 (4 autopsy and 2 biopsy specimens). All were given oral iodinated dye, which was bunamiodyl in 8. Four were also given intravenous dye. The data favored direct nephrotoxicity rather than hypersensitivity or ischemia. Overdosage seemed more significant than underlying renal or hepatic dysfunction. Nonvisualization of the gall bladder delivering more dye to the kidneys occurred in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D. C. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 742-743KeywordsAcute renal failureAutopsyBiopsyBladderHypersensitivityIschemiaKidneysRenal analysis Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Extracellular thioredoxin levels are increased in patients with acute lung injury
Authors: M E Callister
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Acute lung injury (ALI) and its extreme manifestation the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicate a wide variety of serious medical and surgical conditions. Thioredoxin is a small ubiquitous thiol protein with redox/inflammation modulatory properties relevant to the pathogenesis of ALI. We therefore investigated whether thioredoxin is raised extracellulary in patients with ALI and whether the extent of any increase is dependent upon the nature of the precipitating insult. <b>Methods:</b> Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and plasma samples were collected from patients with ALI (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 18, plasma; n = 14, BAL fluid). Lung tissue was harvested from a separate group of patients and controls (n = 10). Thioredoxin was measured by ELISA in fluids and by immunohistochemistry in tissue. Interleukin (IL)-8 levels were determined by ELISA. Disease severity was assessed as APACHE II and SOFA scores. <b>Results:</b> BAL fluid levels of thioredoxin were higher in patients with ALI than in controls (median 61.6 ng/ml (IQR 34.9–132.9) <i>v</i> 16.0 ng/ml (IQR 8.9–25.1), p&lt;0.0001); plasma levels were also significantly higher. When compared with controls, sections of wax embedded lung tissue from patients with ALI showed greater positive staining for thioredoxin in alveolar macrophages and type II epithelial cells. BAL fluid levels of thioredoxin correlated with IL-8 levels in BAL fluid but not with severity of illness scores or mortality. BAL fluid levels of thioredoxin, IL-8, and neutrophils were significantly greater in patients with ALI of pulmonary origin. <b>Conclusions:</b> Extracellular thioredoxin levels are raised in patients with ALI, particularly of pulmonary origin, and have a significant positive association with IL-8. Extracellular thioredoxin levels could provide a useful indication of inflammation in ALI.
Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Perspectives from Gene Regulation/Therapy
Authors: Kuei‐Chang Li, Yu‐Chen Hu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Diseases in articular cartilages affect millions of people. Despite the relatively simple biochemical and cellular composition of articular cartilages, the self‐repair ability of cartilage is limited. Successful cartilage tissue engineering requires intricately coordinated interactions between matrerials, cells, biological factors, and phycial/mechanical factors, and still faces a multitude of challenges. This article presents an overview of the cartilage biology, current treatments, recent advances in the materials, biological factors, and cells used in cartilage tissue engineering/regeneration, with strong emphasis on the perspectives of gene regulation (e.g., microRNA) and gene therapy.
Effect of Glycemic Control on Glucose Counterregulation During Hypoglycemia in NIDDM
Authors: Carol J Levy, Brendan T Kinsley, Mandeep Bajaj, Donald C Simonson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of glycemic control of NIDDM on counterregulatory hormone responses to hypoglycemia and compared the effect with that seen in patients with IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven subjects with NIDDM and eight age- and weight-matched control subjects and ten subjects with IDDM and ten age- and weight-matched control subjects were studied. All subjects underwent a stepped hypoglycemic-hyper-insulinemic clamp study during which plasma glucose levels were lowered in a stepwise manner from 5.0 to 2.2 mmol/l in steps of 0.6 mmol/l every 30 min. Counterregulatory hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, ACTH, cortisol, and growth hormone [GH]) were measured, and a symptom survey was administered during the last 10 min of each 30-min interval. RESULTS The threshold for release of epinephrine, norepinephrine, ACTH, and cortisol occurred at higher plasma glucose levels in NIDDM than in IDDM patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05–0.01). The glucose threshold for release of epinephrine and norepinephrine correlated with glycemic control as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin (P &amp;lt; 0.05–0.01). However, for a given level of glycemic control, the threshold for release of epinephrine and norepinephrine occurred at a higher glucose level in NIDDM versus IDDM patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05–0.01). At the nadir level of hypoglycemia, glucagon, ACTH, and cortisol levels were all higher in NIDDM compared with IDDM subjects, whereas GH levels were lower. CONCLUSIONS Glycemic control alters counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in NIDDM as has been previously reported in IDDM. However, at similar levels of glycemic control, NIDDM patients release counterregulatory hormones at a higher plasma glucose level than patients with IDDM. In addition, subjects with NIDDM maintain their glucagon response to hypoglycemia. These data suggest that patients with NIDDM may be at reduced risk of severe hypoglycemia when compared with a group of IDDM patients in similar glycemic control, thus providing a more favorable risk-benefit ratio for intensive diabetes therapy in NIDDM.
General practitioner obstetric units.
Authors: D. Cargill
Journal: BMJ (1968)

against this virus which can reinfect the same person and can attack infants despite the presence of antibodies of maternal origin.4Indeed, in the present study, one child aged 1 year suffered two attacks of acute bronchiolitis separated by an interval of less than two months, during which she was quite well; respiratory syncytial virus was isolated in both attacks.In most of these children the illness is caused directly by the virus rather than by bacterial secondary invaders, and the disease is thus a well-defined entity against which the efficacy of an antiviral drug might be assessed.In this study major clinical benefits from compound U.K. 2054 were not necessarily expected, and the trial was designed to measure slight effects both on clinical illness and on infectivity during treatment ; irrespective of clinical benefit, curtailment of viral isolation would have encouraged further study of the antiviral efficacy of syn-thetic isoquinoline derivatives.In this trial compound U.K. 2054 was not effective in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children, nor did it shorten the period of infectivity.No toxic effects attribut- able to the drug were observed.We are grateful to Dr.
Abstract P1-02-08: Papillary lesions of the breast on core biopsies: Should routine surgical excision be performed?
Authors: CS Ho, WM Yap, BK Chong
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The optimal management of papillary lesions, particularly benign papillomas, detected on core needle biopsies remains debatable. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of upgrade to malignancy of core biopsy diagnosed papillary lesions on the subsequent surgical excision. Methods: Following institutional ethics review board approval, the pathology database was searched for all papillary lesions diagnosed on core needle biopsies from Jun 2005 to June 2010. The papillary lesions were histologically categorized as benign, atypical, suspicious for malignancy and definite for malignancy. The core biopsy findings were compared with the follow-up excision biopsy material to identify any upgrade to malignancy (i.e. ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma). The presence of any associated significant risk lesions such as atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and lobular neoplasia (LN) were also recorded. Results: A total of 113 papillary lesions were diagnosed on core needle biopsies of 98 patients, with a mean age of 57 years. A median of 5 cores of breast tissue were obtained per papillary lesion. Of these papillary lesions, 73 were benign, 25 atypical, 8 suspicious for malignancy and 7 definite for malignancy. The overall excision rate was 83%. Of the 58 benign papillary lesions excised, only one (1.7%) showed malignancy (3mm ductal carcinoma in situ) - of interest, the papillary lesion per se was confirmed benign on excision, while an adjacent focus of flat epithelial atypia was present in the initial core biopsy. Nine papillomas were associated with adjacent ADH and/or LN on excision and the rest of the excisions (n = 48) showed no residual papillary lesion or benign papillomas. Among the 24 excised atypical papillary lesions, the positive predictive value (PPV) for malignancy was 42% (10 in situ papillary carcinomas, 4 of these associated with invasive carcinoma). The remaining excisions disclosed ADH and/or LN (n = 3) or benign breast tissue/papillomas (n = 11). None of the 4 papillary lesions with the apocrine atypia were malignant on excision. Of the 5 excised papillary lesions which were suspicious for malignancy on the cores, all showed malignancy (5 in situ carcinomas; 2 associated with invasive carcinoma) on open surgical biopsy. The PPV for malignancy of the 7 core biopsy diagnosed malignant papillary lesions was 100%. Conclusions: Papillary lesions diagnosed as atypical or suspicious for malignancy on core needle biopsies should be completely excised to exclude malignancy. Our findings suggest, however, that routine surgical excision may not be necessary for core biopsy detected benign papillomas which are not associated with atypia. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-02-08.
EXOSTOSIS OF THE ORBIT.Read before the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association at Milwaukee.
Authors: ROBERT FIELDS LE MOND
Journal: JAMA (1893)

When I received a letter last fall from the president of the ophthalmic section of this distinguished body, requesting me to contribute a paper on this occasion, I immediately began to cast about for a subject upon which to write. In the selection of a subject I had three objects in view, viz: 1. One in which great need existed for its further development to a more successful and satisfactory termination, both to the physician and patient. 2. One in which there was sufficient gravity to claim the attention, interest and hearty coöperation of every ophthalmic surgeon present. 3. One in which I very much needed to be enlightened upon, myself, for I believe it was Archimedes who said: "If you desire wisdom, acknowledge your ignorance that your teachers may know where to begin." I therefore present to you, the great godhead of ophthalmology, the subject, "Exostosis of the Orbit,"
Immune complex–mediated antigen presentation induces tumor immunity
Authors: Khadija Rafiq, Amy Bergtold, Raphael Clynes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Antigen uptake receptors on dendritic cells (DCs) provide efficient entry for the initiation of antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Here we show that targeting of antigen to Fc receptors on DCs accomplishes combined activation of Th1 CD4 and CD8 effector responses in vivo, namely delayed-type hypersensitivity and tumor immunity. Tumor immunity specific for ovalbumin-expressing tumors was provided by immunization with wild-type but not FcγRγ–/– DCs loaded with ovalbumin-containing immune complexes. Tumor protection was eliminated when immune complex–loaded DCs lacked β2 microglobulin, TAP, or MHC class II, demonstrating that Fc receptor–targeted antigenic uptake led to both MHC class I– and class II–restricted responses, which together are required for effector tumor immunity. Thus the cross-presentation pathway accessed by antigens acquired endocytically through Fc receptors links humoral and cellular immunity. These data suggest that administration of antitumor antibodies may enhance tumor-specific T cell responses in vivo and provide the rationale for Fc receptor targeting in vaccine development.
Epicardial delivery of VEGF and cardiac stem cells guided by 3-dimensional PLLA mat enhancing cardiac regeneration and angiogenesis in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hye-Jin Chung, Jong-Tae Kim, Hee-Jung Kim, Hei-Won Kyung, Pramila Katila, Jeong-Han Lee, Tae-Hyun Yang, Young-Il Yang, Seung-Jin Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Phagocytosis of Antibody-Coated Platelets by Human Granulocytes
Authors: Robert I. Handin, Thomas P. Stossel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

To determine whether anti-platelet antibodies act as opsonins to promote phagocytosis of sensitized platelets, normal human platelets were exposed to a variety of serums containing anti-platelet antibodies, and then incubated with autologous granulocytes. Phagocytosis was observed microscopically, by uptake of 51Cr-labeled platelets, and by initial rate of reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. Phagocytosis and the initial rate of dye reduction were increased as compared to control serums, by serums from 14 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, from 13 patients refractory to platelet transfusion, and from rabbits immunized with washed human platelets. The opsonic activities of serums from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura persisted after treatment with steroids or splenectomy. Thus antibody-mediated phagocytosis may be important in the pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and in the clearance of sensitized platelets. (N Engl J Med 290:989–993, 1974)
Piroxicam and Pancreatitis
Authors: OSWALD L. HAYE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1986Piroxicam and PancreatitisOSWALD L. HAYE, M.D.OSWALD L. HAYE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-6-895_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Piroxicam is one of the new classes of anti-inflammatory agents used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Although a review of drug-induced pancreatitis, did not mention piroxicam (1), the manufacturers have recently suggested an association might exist. The case reported here strengthens the association.A 42-year-old woman was seen in July 1985 in consultation by the gastrointestinal services for evaluation of epigastric pain. At that time, she was taking daily oral doses of prednisone (2.5 mg); piroxicam (10 mg in the morning, 20 mg in the afternoon), and calcium carbonate (600 mg). On physical examination...References1. MALLORYKERN AF. Drug-induced pancreatitis: a critical review. Gastroenterology. 1980;78:813-20. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SIEFKIN A. Sulindac and pancreatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:932-3. LinkGoogle Scholar3. CABOOTERELEWAUTBARBIER MAF. Salicylate-induced pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 1981;80:214-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. STUBBSMCCLOYBLUMGART RRL. Cholelithiases and cholecystitis: surgical treatment. Clin Gastroenterol. 1983;12:186-7. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kimbrough Army Hospital Fort Meade, MD 20755-5800 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHepatic injury due to drugs, herbal compounds, chemicals and toxinsPancréatite aiguë au piroxicamThe Adverse Drug Reaction in the Gastrointestinal Tract: An OverviewManagement of PancreatitisReview article: Drug-induced pancreatitisClinical development plan: PiroxicamDrug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis4 Drug-induced pancreatitis 1 June 1986Volume 104, Issue 6Page: 895-895KeywordsCalciumCarbonatesDrugsOsteoarthritisPancreatitisRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 1 June 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Asthma deaths in Cardiff 1963-74: 90 deaths outside hospital.
Authors: J B Macdonald, A Seaton, D A Williams
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In a detailed study of factors associated with death from bronchial asthma outside hospital 90 patients were investigated. The fatal attack was typically short and was most likely to occur in patients with a long history. Deaths often occurred before effective medical help was obtainable, but occasionally the patient or the doctor underestimated the severity of the attack. Patients especially at risk were those recently discharged from hospital after a previous attack. These deaths might be prevented by better patient education, a self-admission service for selected asthmatics, and by doctors using objective measurements of severity of asthma for the control of treatment. The underuse of corticosteroids is an important factor associated with death.
Association of door-to-balloon time and mortality in patients admitted to hospital with ST elevation myocardial infarction: national cohort study
Authors: S. S Rathore, J. P Curtis, J. Chen, Y. Wang, B. K Nallamothu, A. J Epstein, H. M Krumholz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the association between door-to-balloon time and mortality in hospital in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction to assess the incremental mortality benefit of reductions in door-to-balloon times of less than 90 minutes. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry, 2005-6. <b>Setting</b> Acute care hospitals. <b>Participants</b> 43 801 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Mortality in hospital. <b>Results</b> Median door-to-balloon time was 83 minutes (interquartile range 6-109, 57.9% treated within 90 minutes). Overall mortality in hospital was 4.6%. Multivariable logistic regression models with fractional polynomial models indicated that longer door-to-balloon times were associated with a higher adjusted risk of mortality in hospital in a continuous non-linear fashion (30 minutes=3.0%, 60 minutes=3.5%, 90 minutes=4.3%, 120 minutes=5.6%, 150 minutes=7.0%, 180 minutes=8.4%, P&lt;0.001). A reduction in door-to-balloon time from 90 minutes to 60 minutes was associated with 0.8% lower mortality, and a reduction from 60 minutes to 30 minutes with a 0.5% lower mortality. <b>Conclusion</b> Any delay in primary percutaneous coronary intervention after a patient arrives at hospital is associated with higher mortality in hospital in those admitted with ST elevation myocardial infarction. Time to treatment should be as short as possible, even in centres currently providing primary percutaneous coronary intervention within 90 minutes.