tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do antibodies recognize amino acid side chains of protein antigens independently of the carbon backbone?
Authors: V H Van Cleave, C W Naeve, D W Metzger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

In an effort to understand the structural basis for antigen mimicry by internal image antibodies, we determined the variable (V) region sequences of two mouse mAbs that mimic the rabbit Ig a1 allotype. The results showed that while the mAb light chains did not contain any allotype-related residues, both heavy chain V regions contained within complementarity-determining region 2 an unusual sequence homologous to the nominal antigen but in opposite orientation with respect to the carbon backbone. The ability of the internal image reversed sequence to express an a1-like determinant was tested directly by producing synthetic peptides that corresponded to the presumed antigenic regions of rabbit Ig and the mAb internal images, respectively. Although the two peptides presented the homologous residues in opposite orientations, they both completely inhibited at similar concentrations the binding of rabbit Ig to anti-a1 antibody. Conservative substitutions in the peptide sequence identified a paired Thr and Glu as being critical for expression of the a1 epitope. These findings indicate that antibodies can recognize the molecular environments created by amino acid side chains independently from the orientation of the protein carbon backbone.
1006-58 The relation between the statin's effects on coronary plaque composition and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level evaluated by intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency signal analysis
Authors: Masaki Yokoyama, Brian K Courtney, Takashi Nakayama, Susumu Namikawa, Mizuo Nameki, Issei Komuro, Nobuyuki Komiyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Largest-Ever Ebola Outbreak Still Simmering in West Africa
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Houseman's Tale
Authors: S. Bradley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Currently out of print, The Houseman’s Tale , by the doctor and former BMJ columnist Colin Douglas, is a bawdy, but often affecting, hospital romp. Set in an Edinburgh hospital in the mid 1970s, the novel exploits every comic opportunity, including the misadventures of young doctors and nurses in their free time as much as mishaps on the ward. But perhaps the book is ill served by the cartoon on the cover of some editions; for all its outlandish situations, The Houseman’s Tale has the …
WHAT TEETH SHOULD BE EXTRACTED?
Authors: ARTHUR D. BLACK
Journal: JAMA (1922)

This subject will be considered only in relation to chronic mouth infections. Ten years have elapsed since attention was prominently called to infections about the teeth as a menace to health. The clinical observations by Hunter<sup>1</sup>of England and the combined clinical and laboratory studies of Billings<sup>2</sup>and his associates in Chicago served to attract the widespread attention of both physicians and dentists. Scattered through the literature for more than a hundred years are many articles associating mouth infections with systemic disease. Benjamin Rush, in his book on the practice of medicine, published in 1818, devotes several pages to the citation of cases in which rheumatic and other ailments were relieved by the extraction of teeth. Others have made similar reports, but at no time until the past decade has a definite movement been established to eliminate this source of systemic disease. A review of the experiences of
Health Hazards of Bivalve-Mollusk Ingestion
Authors: SINNADURAI EARAMPAMOORTHY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Bivalve mollusks (oysters, clams, and mussels) filter large quantities of water unselectively and thereby may concentrate a variety of aquatic contaminants pathogenic for man within edible shellfish viscera. The recognized bacterial diseases associated with ingestion of contaminated bivalves include typhoid fever (not presently a public health problem), Vibrio parahemolyticus gastroenteritis, and Vibrio cholerae infection. The major known shellfish-associated viral diseases are viral hepatitis and possibly viral gastroenteritis. The ingestion of bivalves that have fed on the toxic species of dinoflagellates that produce red tides may be responsible for an uncommon and very rarely fatal illness, paralytic shellfish poisoning. Outbreaks of airborne respiratory irritation in populations exposed to red tides may be the most common public health problem associated with red tides. The health hazards resulting from industrial, agricultural, and oil pollution of bivalves in coastal waters and the hazard from improper handling of bacterially contaminated mollusks remain to be defined.
MEDIASTINOCARDIAC REACTION AFTER IRRADIATION
Authors: Ira I. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  InThe Journal, June 14, page 2648, Dr. Edward Rose and Dr. Charles C. Wolferth report an acute mediastinocardiac reaction following irradiation for hyperthyroidism and describe 3 such cases, 2 occurring in 1937 and 1 in 1940. We have just reviewed 58 cases of hyperthyroidism treated in our service at Bellevue Hospital during the past fifteen years and in no instance have we seen any complication such as mediastinocardiac reaction. These unusual reactions reported by Rose and Wolferth are interesting, but I do not believe that their interpretations warrant the statement that irradiation was the cause. Were this phenomenon a frequent occurrence, the profession should have heard about it sooner. It seems peculiar that cases occurring in 1937 should be reported only now. In my opinion other causative factors are responsible for the condition reported by these authors.
Prevalence of primary immune thrombocytopenia in Oklahoma
Authors: Deirdra R. Terrell, Laura A. Beebe, Barbara R. Neas, Sara K. Vesely, Jodi B. Segal, James N. George
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

To determine the prevalence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in Oklahoma regardless of age, clinical characteristics, insurance status, and source of health care. Patients with ITP were identified by the administrative code ICD-9-CM 287.3 in Oklahoma hematologists' offices for a 2-year period, 2003-2004. Prevalence was estimated separately for children (<16 years old) and adults because of their distinct clinical characteristics. Oklahoma census data for 2000 was used as the denominator. Eighty-seven (94%) of 93 eligible Oklahoma hematologists participated; 620 patients with ITP were identified. The average annual prevalences were as follows: 8.1 (95% CI: 6.7-9.5) per 100,000 children, 12.1 (95% CI: 11.1-13.0) per 100,000 adults, and 11.2 (95% CI: 10.4-12.0) per 100,000 population. Among children and adults less than age 70 years, the prevalence was greater among women. Among adults aged 70 years and older, the prevalence was greater among men. The highest prevalence of ITP was among men age 80 years and older. These data document for the first time the prevalence of ITP regardless of age, clinical characteristics, insurance status, and source of health care. The methodology developed for this prevalence analysis may be adaptable for epidemiologic studies of other uncommon disorders which lack specific diagnostic criteria and are treated primarily by medical specialists. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronicity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Risk of Disability in Older Persons
Authors: Amy L. Byers, Kenneth E. Covinsky, Thomas C. Neylan, Kristine Yaffe
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Little is known about the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disability into later life. Most studies of late-life psychiatric disorders and function have focused on depression and generalized anxiety disorder. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the association between PTSD and disability among older adults and investigate if association differs by chronicity of PTSD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In total, 3287 participants 55 years and older (mean [SD] age, 66.0 [8.7] years, 60.1% women) involved in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (2001-2003), including 3 aggregated, nationally representative studies (National Comorbidity Survey Replication, National Survey of American Life, and National Latino and Asian American Study). Analyses used weights and complex design-corrected statistical tests to infer generalizability to the US population. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Disability defined by 5 domains (out of role, self-care, mobility, cognition, and social) using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 3.7% older adults who had a history of PTSD defined by<i>DSM-IV</i>criteria, 1.8% had persistent PTSD into later life (age of onset &lt;55 years as well as a recent diagnosis). Frequency of any disability was 79.7% for persistent PTSD, 69.6% for pre–late life (age of onset &lt;55 years and age at last diagnosis &lt;55 years), and 36.9% for no PTSD (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). In logistic regression analyses, adjusting for demographics, smoking, individual medical conditions, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance use disorders, respondents with persistent PTSD were 3 times more likely to have any disability than were respondents with no PTSD (odds ratio, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.32-7.64). Global disability results were nonsignificant for pre–late life relative to no PTSD (odds ratio, 1.99; 95% CI, 0.97-4.08). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Disability in older Americans is strongly associated with PTSD, particularly PTSD that persists into later life. These findings suggest that monitoring and treatment of PTSD are important over the long term.
Human endothelial cell-based assay for endotoxin as sensitive as the conventional Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay
Authors: Ronald E. Unger, Kirsten Peters, Anne Sartoris, Christian Freese, C. James Kirkpatrick
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)

Endotoxin, also known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by bacteria can be present in any liquid or on any biomaterial even if the material is sterile. Endotoxin in mammals can cause fever, inflammation, cell and tissue damage and irreversible septic shock and death. In the body, endothelial cells making up the blood vasculature and endothelial cells in vitro rapidly react to minute amounts of endotoxin resulting in a rapid induction of the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin. In this study we have used immunofluorescent staining to evaluate the expression of E-selectin on human microvascular endothelial cells from the skin (HDMEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to various concentrations of LPS. In addition, the sensitivity of detection was compared with the most widely used assay for the presence of endotoxin, the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay (LAL). The detection of E-selectin on endothelial cells in the presence of LPS for 4 h was found to be at least as sensitive in detecting the same concentration using the LAL assay. A cell adhesion molecule-enzyme immunosorbent assay was also developed and used to quantify LPS using the endothelial cell model. A comparison of LAL and the immunofluorescent staining method was carried out with solutions, nanoparticles, biomaterial extracts and endothelial cells grown directly on biomaterials. Under all conditions, the endothelial/E-selectin model system was positive for the test samples that were positive by LAL. Thus, we propose the use of this highly sensitive, rapid, reproducible assay for the routine testing of endotoxin in all steps in the manufacturing process of materials destined for use in humans. This can give a rapid feedback and localization of bacterial contamination sources with the LAL being reserved for the testing of the final product.
Prescribing new drugs: qualitative study of influences on consultants and general practitioners
Authors: M. I Jones
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To explore consultants9 and general practitioners9 perceptions of the factors that influence their decisions to introduce new drugs into their clinical practice. <b>Design:</b> Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Monitoring of hospital and general practice prescribing data for eight new drugs. <b>Setting:</b> Teaching hospital and nearby general hospital plus general practices in Birmingham. <b>Participants:</b> 38 consultants and 56 general practitioners who regularly referred to the teaching hospital. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Reasons for prescribing a new drug; sources of information used for new drugs; extent of contact between consultants and general practitioners; and amount of study drugs used in hospitals and by general practitioners. <b>Results:</b> Consultants usually prescribed new drugs only in their specialty, used few new drugs, and used scientific evidence to inform their decisions. General practitioners generally prescribed more new drugs and for a wider range of conditions, but their approach varied considerably both between general practitioners and between drugs for the same general practitioner. Drug company representatives were an important source of information for general practitioners. Prescribing data were consistent with statements made by respondents. <b>Conclusions:</b> The factors influencing the introduction of new drugs, particularly in primary care, are more multiple and complex than suggested by early theories of drug innovation. Early experience of using a new drug seems to strongly influence future use. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> UK studies show that use of new drugs by general practitioners is influenced by consultants, the nature of the drug, and perceived risk <h3>What this study adds</h3> Consultants generally introduced fewer drugs than general practitioners, usually within their specialty Decisions were said to be based mainly on the evidence from the scientific literature and meetings General practitioners prescribed more new drugs and the basis of decisions was more varied Doctors9 interpretations of using a new drug were not consistent
The Thyroid Nodule
Authors: ANDRÉ J. VAN HERLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The various techniques for evaluating a thyroid nodule are described and their relative values analyzed. Fine-needle aspiration is the most sensitive and specific test among the leading techniques, the others being ultrasonography and thyroid scanning. A combination of tests is also analyzed. In Plan A, a scan is followed by a fine-needle aspiration; in Plan B a scan is followed by thyroid ultrasound; and in Plan C, fine-needle aspiration is followed by a scan only in those subjects with cytologically suspicious lesions. Of the three plans, Plan C is superior from the standpoint of diagnostic accuracy and cost effectiveness. Improvement of existing tests or the addition of new tests for evaluating thyroid nodules will aid in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
Prognostic Value of Bisoprolol-Induced Hemodynamic Effects in Heart Failure During the Cardiac Insufficiency BIsoprolol Study (CIBIS)
Authors: P. Lechat, S. Escolano, J. L. Golmard, H. Lardoux, S. Witchitz, J. A. Henneman, B. Maisch, M. Hetzel, P. Jaillon, J.-P. Boissel, A. Mallet
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background To further evaluate the mechanism of β-blocker–induced benefits in heart failure, the relationships between bisoprolol-induced hemodynamic effects and survival were studied during the Cardiac Insufficiency BIsoprolol Study (CIBIS). Methods and Results In 557 patients studied, bisoprolol significantly reduced heart rate (−16.3±15.3 versus −1.6±13.4 bpm, respectively; P &lt;.001) compared with placebo at 2 months after inclusion in the study. Heart rate change over time had the highest predictive value for survival ( P &lt;.01). Left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) significantly increased in the bisoprolol group compared with the placebo group 5 months after inclusion (+0.04±0.06 versus −0.001±0.05, respectively; P &lt;.001; n=160). LVFS change over time was also significantly correlated with further survival ( P &lt;.02 by Cox analysis). Using a nonparametric approach, we demonstrated a significant interaction between study treatment group and LVFS over time. Patients who demonstrated improvement of LVFS over time (82% and 51% of patients in the bisoprolol and the placebo groups, respectively; P &lt;.02) were at lower risk, but the hazard did not further decrease with a further increase of fractional shortening, and there was no significant difference between study treatment groups. Finally, it could be demonstrated that each of the three factors (heart rate change over time, LVFS change over time, and bisoprolol treatment) made a specific contribution to mortality rate. Conclusions Preservation of left ventricular function appears to play a key role in the bisoprolol-induced beneficial effects on prognosis in heart failure. Short-term β-blocker–induced cardiac effects could provide a means to identify those patients who will experience improved survival over the long term.
Book Review Innovative Leukemia and Lymphoma Therapy (Basic and Clinical Oncology. 35.) Edited by Gertjan J.L. Kaspers, Bertrand Coiffier, Michael C. Heinrich, and Elihu Estey. 598 pp., illustrated. New York, Informa Healthcare, 2008. $279.95. 978-0-8493-5083-2
Authors: Guido Marcucci, Clara D. Bloomfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
Thermodilution cardiac output measurement. Effects of the respiratory cycle on its reproducibility
Authors: J. H. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Thermodilution cardiac output measurements are commonly employed in the management of critically ill patients. Serial measurements often show significant variation, and poor reproducibility limits their clinical utility. There are no clinical studies revealing when to perform thermodilution cardiac output measurements in relation to the respiratory cycle. We prospectively studied 32 patients in a randomized scheme comparing three thermodilution cardiac output measurements at peak-inspiration, at end-exhalation, or randomly in spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated patients. Saline injections initiated at peak-inspiration or end-exhalation resulted in cardiac output measurements with much smaller standard deviations than those seen with random injections. Thermodilution cardiac output measurements performed at random times in the respiratory cycle should be avoided, and we recommend initiating these measurements at end-exhalation.
Genetics, Law, and Social Policy
Authors: Park S. Gerald
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Philip Reilly is a young, articulate law graduate from Columbia University who studied human genetics for several years under Margery Shaw. (Margery Shaw herself obtained a law degree after first achieving a national reputation as a human geneticist.) Reilly thus brings an unusual combination of talents to the writing of this book. No detailed preface is provided to indicate the intended audience, but it is easy to imagine that all those interested in the conjunction of fields included in the title will find the material worth reading. As might be expected from the author's beginnings, the treatment of the topics emphasizes the legal more than the medical and genetic aspects. In keeping with this, the first chapter includes some elementary explanations of genetics that will be more helpful to lawyers and legislators than to physicians. The remainder of the book examines in roughly equally parts genetic screening legislation and the
Glucocorticoids upregulate FOXP3 expression and regulatory T cells in asthma
Authors: Christian Karagiannidis, Mübeccel Akdis, Päivi Holopainen, Niina J. Woolley, Gabriele Hense, Beate Rückert, Pierre-Yves Mantel, Günther Menz, Cezmi A. Akdis, Kurt Blaser, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Heated Sera and Laboratory Tests
Authors: STEPHEN I. VAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1985Heated Sera and Laboratory TestsSTEPHEN I. VAS, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P. (C), MARGARET GARRIE, R.T., VICTORIA J. KAPTAINIS, R.T.STEPHEN I. VAS, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P. (C)Search for more papers by this author, MARGARET GARRIE, R.T.Search for more papers by this author, VICTORIA J. KAPTAINIS, R.T.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-2-308_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The potential infectiousness of body fluids from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome raises justifiable concerns for personnel of hospital diagnostic laboratories. Whereas no evidence at present (1) shows that laboratory personnel exposed to specimens from patients suspected of having the syndrome face a serious risk, the experience gained from the spread of hepatitis B virus warrants careful precautions in laboratories (2).The expanded use of automated laboratory instruments make such precautions extremely difficult, because the handling of specimens in such instruments is independent from the operator and disinfection of the instrument is laborious and time consuming....References1. Update: prospective evaluation of health care workers exposed via the parenteral or mucous membrane route to blood or body fluids from patients with AIDS—United States. M.M.W.R. 1985;34:101-3. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. FEDERICOGERSHON JR. AIDS—safety practices for clinical and research laboratories. Infect Control. 1984;5:185-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SPIREBARRÉ-SINOUSSIMONTANGNIERCHERMANN BFLJ. Inactivation of lymphadenopathy associated virus by chemical disinfectants. Lancet. 1984;2:899-901. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SPIREDORMONTBARRÉ-SINOUSSIMONTAGNIERCHERMANN BDFLJ. Inactivation of lymphadenopathy associated virus by heat, gamma rays and ultraviolet light. Lancet. 1985;1:188-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Toronto Western Hospital University of Toronto Toronto, M5T2S8 Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEffects of heat inactivation on HIV antibody screening and confirmatory test systems 1 August 1985Volume 103, Issue 2Page: 308-308KeywordsAIDSBody fluidsDisinfectionHepatitis B virusLaboratory testsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 August 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...