tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug-Arrhythmia Link
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Follicular dendritic cells help resting B cells to become effective antigen-presenting cells: induction of B7/BB1 and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.
Authors: M H Kosco-Vilbois, D Gray, D Scheidegger, M Julius
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

This study was designed to investigate whether follicular dendritic cells (FDC) can activate B cells to a state in which they can function as effective antigen-presenting cells (APC). High buoyant density (i.e., resting) B cells specific for 2,4-dinitro-fluorobenzene (DNP) were incubated with DNP-ovalbumin (OVA) bearing FDC, after which their capacity to process and present to an OVA-specific T cell clone was assessed. The efficacies of alternative sources of antigen and activation signals in the induction of B cell APC function were compared with those provided by FDC. Only FDC and Sepharose beads coated with anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)kappa monoclonal antibody provided the necessary stimulus. FDC carrying inappropriate antigens also induced B cell APC function in the presence of exogenous DNP-OVA. However, in circumstances where soluble DNP-OVA was limiting, FDC bearing complexes containing DNP, which could crosslink B cell Ig receptors, induced the most potent APC function. Analysis by flow cytometry revealed that within 24 h of coculture with FDC, a significant percentage of B cells increased in size and expressed higher levels of major histocompatibility complex class II. By 48 h, an upregulation of the costimulatory molecule, B7/BB1, occurred, but only when exposed to the FDC bearing DNP. Taken together, the results demonstrate that FDC have the capacity to activate resting B cells to a state in which they can function as APC for T cells. The stimuli that FDC provide may include: (a) an antigen-dependent signal that influences the upregulation of B7/BB1; and (b) possibly a signal independent of crosslinking mIg that results in Ig internalization. The relevance of these findings to the formation of germinal centers and maintenance of the humoral response is discussed.
Health Care of Torture Survivors
Authors: Linda Piwowarczyk, Alejandro Moreno, Michael Grodin
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relationship of saccadic suppression to space constancy
Authors: Bruce Bridgeman, A. H. C. Van der Heijden, Boris M. Velichkovsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Saccadic suppression is selective, inhibiting only low spatial frequencies. High spatial frequencies need not be inhibited during saccades, for a rapidly moving retina lacks the temporal resolution to detect them. Low spatial frequencies are inhibited by suppressing magnocellular channels. Thus color information is not suppressed, as confirmed in two laboratories. Targets flashed during and just before saccades can be mislocalized because vision normally ignores presaccadic position information.
Positive Rate-Sensitive Corticosteroid Feedback Mechanism of ACTH Secretion in Cushing's Disease
Authors: H. L. Fehm, K. H. Voigt, G. Kummer, E. F. Pfeiffer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

To define the nature of the disturbance of the corticosteroid feedback mechanism in Cushing's disease, the dynamic aspects of the ACTH response to corticosteroid administration have been studied in patients with Cushing's disease after total adrenalectomy (C.d. post adx.). The results were compared with those obtained in patients with Addison's disease (control group). Different experimental designs for administration of cortisol were chosen to provide extreme variations in the input signal. The response of the system was evaluated by measuring plasma ACTH concentrations (radioimmunoassay) at short time intervals. Infusion of cortisol at constant rate (50 mg/h for 2 h) resulted in a transient, paradoxical rise in ACTH levels with a maximum at 15 min. (315+/-65%, mean+/-SEM). In contrast, in the control group there was an immediate and rapid decrease in ACTH levels with a significant inhibition after 15 min (80+/-6%, mean+/-SEM). Infusion of 50 mg cortisol for 5 and 15 min, respectively, produced an increase in ACTH levels, which was confined to the time when cortisol levels were rising (maximum: 137+/-30% and 139+/-10% at 5 and 15 min, respectively, mean+/-SEM). This increase corresponded in time to the first decrease in ACTH levels in the Addisonian patients. With bolus injections of 25 mg cortisol, ACTH levels remained unchanged during the first 15 min. The time-course in the patients with C.d. post adx. was essentially the same as in the Addisonian patients. From these results it is concluded that in the patients with C.d. post adx. the rapid, rate-sensitive feedback mechanism was converted into a positive one, whereas the delayed, dose-sensitive mechanism was completely undisturbed. The capacity of dexamethasone to activate rate-sensitive feedback elements was markedly diminished. Accordingly, there were only minor positive feedback effects upon ACTH secretion in the patients with C.d. post adx.
Leading doctors condemn NHS tendering processes
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges has joined the growing number of medical bodies and MPs urging the UK government to rethink controversial legislation that critics have said would greatly increase the role of private operators in the NHS in England.

The academy has written to the health minister Lord Howe expressing its “considerable concern” at the regulations, published to supplement section 75 of the Health and Social Care Act, which have been widely condemned for compelling commissioners to open up a raft of NHS services to the market.1

In a letter leaked to the Observer newspaper …
National Health Insurance and Health Resources: The European Experience
Authors: Odin W. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This survey of current problems of the health services in five European countries—the Federal Republic of Germany, England and Wales, France, the Netherlands, and Sweden—is pertinent to the United States, as this country continues its protracted debate on universal health insurance. The authors developed a data-gathering protocol to ensure maximum comparability. The result is a well-organized account of the health services in each country, drawing heavily on historical and current sources. The authors selected crucial episodes in each country, which set the framework for further policy formulation. Although each country seems to be unique in some of its experiences, a more thorough examination shows similar patterns in the way government responded to the same set of problems.  Even among these few countries, there is a remarkable diversity of the sources and amounts of expenditures, comprehensiveness of services, and supply of personnel and facilities. Although Sweden and England and Wales were
Chemokine Receptors and Genetic Variability
Authors: Thomas R. O'Brien, James J. Goedert
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SOME CLINICAL FEATURES OF AIR SWALLOWING
Authors: ASHER WINKELSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The origin of the gases in the gastro-intestinal tract, their passage, absorption and expulsion, are large themes and will not be presented here. One phase, viz., air swallowing, or aerophagy, will be discussed with particular reference to the clinical features. Air swallowing is an extremely common occurrence. At least 60 per cent of patients with functional or organic disease of the gastro-intestinal tract are belchers or have symptoms of one sort or another referable to aerophagy. The French and Germans have written considerably on the subject, but the American and English literature contains few references to it. In one extensive bibliography, of 130 references,<sup>1</sup>only ten are American and four English. It is certainly a symptom of importance. While most frequently a functional disturbance, often it signifies organic disease. One recalls its frequency in cardiac disease. Elderly patients with hypertension are aerophagic almost as a rule. Neurotic individuals may
Pituitary Tumors Containing Cholecystokinin
Authors: Jens F. Rehfeld, Jörgen Lindholm, Bent N. Andersen, Linda Bardram, Per Cantor, Mogens Fenger, Dieter K. Lüdecke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We found small amounts of cholecystokinin in the normal human adenohypophysis and therefore examined pituitary tumors from 87 patients with acromegaly, Cushing's disease, Nelson's syndrome, prolactinoma, or inactive pituitary adenomas. Five adenomas associated with Nelson's syndrome contained increased amounts of cholecystokinin, the concentrations being extremely high in two: 8281 and 13,453 pmol per gram as compared with less than 30 pmol per gram in normal pituitary glands. The cholecystokinin concentrations were moderately increased in adenomas from another 12 patients, of whom 5 had Cushing's disease and 7 acromegaly with adenomas containing ACTH. The cholecystokinin peptides from the tumors were smaller and less sulfated than cholecystokinin from normal pituitary glands. We conclude that ACTH-producing pituitary cells may also produce an altered form of cholecystokinin.
GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: T. J. Vyse, B. L. Kotzin
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1998)

▪ Abstract Considerable evidence suggests that the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has a strong genetic basis. Recent studies have emphasized that this disease, like other autoimmune diseases, is a complex genetic trait with contributions from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes and multiple non-MHC genes. Etiologic genes in these disorders determine susceptibility, and no particular gene is necessary or sufficient for disease expression. Studies of murine models of lupus have provided important insight into the immunopathogenesis of IgG autoantibody production and lupus nephritis, and genetic analyses of these mice overcome certain obstacles encountered when studying patients. Genome-wide linkage studies of different crosses have mapped the position of at least 12 non-MHC disease-susceptibility loci in the New Zealand hybrid model of lupus. Although the identity of the actual genes is currently unknown, recent studies have begun to characterize how these genetic contributions may function in the autoimmune process, especially in terms of their role in autoantibody production. Studies of MHC gene contributions in New Zealand mice have shown that heterozygosity for particular haplotypes greatly increases pathogenic autoantibody production and the incidence of severe nephritis. The mechanism for this effect appears to be genetically complex. Studies in human SLE have mostly focused on the association of disease with alleles of immunologically relevant genes, especially in the MHC. Associations with various complement component deficiencies and an allele of a particular Fcγ receptor gene (FCGR2A) also have been described. In a diversion from previous association studies, a recent directed linkage analysis of sibpairs with SLE was based on mapping studies in murine lupus and may be an important step toward identifying a new disease-susceptibility gene in patients. Since the genes that predispose to autoimmunity are probably related to key events in pathogenesis, their identification in patients and murine models will almost certainly provide important insight into the breakdown of immunological self-tolerance and the cause of autoimmune disease.
Guidance of Vascular Development
Authors: Bruno Larrivée, Catarina Freitas, Steven Suchting, Isabelle Brunet, Anne Eichmann
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

The vascular system of vertebrates consists of an organized, branched network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that penetrates all the tissues of the body. One of the most striking features of the vascular system is that its branching pattern is highly stereotyped, with major and secondary branches forming at specific sites and developing highly conserved organ-specific vascular patterns. The factors controlling vascular patterning are not yet completely understood. Recent studies have highlighted the anatomic and structural similarities between blood vessels and nerves. The 2 networks are often aligned, with nerve fibers and blood vessels following parallel routes. Furthermore, both systems require precise control over their guidance and growth. Several molecules with attractive and repulsive properties have been found to modulate the proper guidance of both nerves and blood vessels. These include the Semaphorins, the Slits, and the Netrins and their receptors. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms by which blood vessels and axons achieve proper path finding and the molecular cues that are involved in their guidance.
Treatment of a malignant pancreatic endocrine tumour secreting parathyroid hormone related protein.
Authors: D Wynick, W A Ratcliffe, D A Heath, S Ball, M Barnard, S R Bloom
Journal: BMJ (1990)

calcaemia.A NMeta-iodo-benzylguanidine scan showed no tumour uptake and a technetium bone scan no bone metastases.Urinarv concentration of vanillylmandelic acid and serum concentrations of calcitonin, 1,25 hydroxy vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, somato- statin, and gut peptides were normal.He was treated with cisplatin and doxorubicin chemotherapy' given
Geographic Medicine for the Practitioner: Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Management of Exotic Diseases
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Geography no longer serves as a barrier to protect the American physician from confrontation with unusual or exotic diseases. Exotic is not the best descriptive term for the diseases discussed in this excellent monograph, since many of the infections are seen relatively frequently and are not brought into the country by travelers but are acquired within the continental United States. In 1975, the Division of Geographic Medicine at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, prepared a series of succinct articles on exotic viral, bacterial, protozoan, and helminthic infections for publication in the<i>Journal of Infectious Diseases</i>, which appeared between May 1975 and October 1977. These articles were revised and updated to form the content of this book. The algorithms have been carefully planned, are clearly depicted without a mass of useless esoteric pathways, and direct the clinician to the shortest and most practical route to a definitive diagnosis.
Self poisoning with pesticides
Authors: M. Eddleston
Journal: BMJ (2004)

WHO's recent recommendations on reducing deaths from self harm will not help cut the high death rate from self poisoning in the Asia Pacific region Self inflicted violence accounts for around half of the 1.6 million violent deaths that occur every year worldwide.1 About 63% of global deaths from self harm occur in the Asia Pacific region. Most of these deaths occur in rural areas, where easy access to highly toxic pesticides turns many impulsive acts of self poisoning into suicide. The World Health Organization's recent World Report on Violence and Health recommends that suicide prevention strategies focus on the identification and treatment of people with mental disorders.2 However, as impulsive self poisoning is often not associated with mental illness, this may not be the most effective approach for rural Asia. Self harm is a major problem in many nations in the Asia Pacific region, from the Pacific islands of Fiji and Samoa, to Asian nations as different as China and Sri Lanka.3 Suicide accounted for 71% (512 000/722 000) of all violent deaths in South East Asia and the Western Pacific region in 2000.2 Most deaths occur in rural communities: the incidence of fatal self harm in rural China is three to five times that in urban China,4 and self poisoning is the commonest cause of inpatient death in some rural Sri Lankan districts but a rare cause in the capital city.5 Some experts believe that a distinction exists, particularly in terms of intent, between people who harm themselves (attempt suicide) and those who die (commit suicide).6 WHO's report on violence and health, however, acknowledges that, although an intent to die is a key element of suicide, determining the level of intent for an individual is difficult.2
Efficacy of imiquimod for the expression of Bcl-2, Ki67, p53 and basal cell carcinoma apoptosis
Authors: D. Vidal, X. Matias-Guiu, A. Alomar
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Imiquimod is a modifier of the immune response that has been proven to be an effective treatment for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, its mechanism of action is still unknown. Objectives To determine whether imiquimod modifies the expression of proteins such as Bcl-2, Ki67, p53 and the BCC apoptotic index. Patients and methods Thirty caucasian patients with primary BCCs larger than 8 mm in diameter were included in a double-blind randomized clinical and immunohistochemical study which was designed in a reference university hospital. The 30 BCCs were randomized in two treatment arms between September 2001 and February 2002. Twenty-four BCCs were treated with imiquimod 5% cream and six BCCs with Aldara® (3M Pharmaceuticals) excipient. Histological samples were obtained before treatment and on days 8 and 15 during the course of treatment. The BCC expression of Bcl-2, Ki67 and p53 was determined in paraffin samples and the apoptotic index of the BCC was studied using the TUNEL technique (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labelling) in frozen samples. All variables were evaluated quantitatively in fields with a magnification × 400. Results The BCCs treated with imiquimod showed a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 (88·7% before treatment, 61·4% day 15, P = 0·01) and an increase in the apoptotic index (0·53% before treatment, 1·66% day 15, P = 0·002), which were not observed in the BCCs treated with the excipient. Ki67 and p53 did not show significant changes in any group. Conclusions Imiquimod reduces the expression of Bcl-2 in the BCC cells and increases the BCC apoptotic index.
Analysis of liver regeneration in mice lacking type 1 or type 2 tumor necrosis factor receptor: Requirement for type 1 but not type 2 receptor
Authors: Yasuhiro Yamada, Eric M. Webber, Irina Kirillova, Jacques J. Peschon, Nelson Fausto
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

We used KO mice lacking either TNF receptor 1 (TNFR-1) or receptor 2 (TNFR-2) to determine whether signaling at the start of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) involves only one or both TNF receptors and to analyze in more detail the abnormalities caused by lack of TNFR-1 receptor, which is required for the initiation of liver regeneration. Lack of TNFR-2 had little effect on NF-κB and STAT3 binding, and no effect in interleukin-6 production after PH, but caused a delay in AP-1 and C/EBP binding and in the expression of c- jun and c- myc messenger RNA (mRNA). In contrast to mice lacking TNFR-1, which had deficient hepatocyte DNA synthesis and massive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, TNFR-2 KO mice had normal liver structure and similar levels of hepatocyte DNA replication as those of wild type mice. We conclude that TNFR-1, but not TNFR-2, is necessary for liver regeneration, and that NF-κB and STAT3 binding are activated by signals transduced by TNFR-1. Inhibition of AP-1 and C/EBP binding and in the expression of c- jun and c- myc mRNA in the first 4 hours after PH, as well as the apparent lack of Fos in AP-1 complexes, had no effect on the timing or extent of DNA replication.
VALIDATION OF A TRANSLATIONAL, METABOLOMICS-BASED BIOMARKER FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ASYMPTOMATIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Matthias Mueller, Oliver Mueller, Henning Witt, Tobias Daniel Trippel, Matthias Lutz, Tanja Weis, Elvis Tahirovic, Philipp Schatz, Evangelos Giannitsis, Hans-Dirk Düngen, Norbert Frey, Hugo Katus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)