tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Definition of Death
Authors: JAMES L. BERNAT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1984Definition of DeathJAMES L. BERNAT, M.D., CHARLES M. CULVER, M.D., PH.D., BERNARD GERT, PH.D.JAMES L. BERNAT, M.D., CHARLES M. CULVER, M.D., PH.D., BERNARD GERT, PH.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-3-456_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We appreciate the interest of Youngner and Bartlett (1) in our analysis of the definition of death (2, 3). We wish to point out several critical flaws in their argument that lead them to choose an incorrect definition.Our definition was an effort to make explicit the ordinary meaning of the term "death" implicit in everyone's usage of the word. On the other hand, the definition of Youngner and Bartlett involves a radical change in the meaning of death. By their definition, people would be declared dead who are considered living by the law, culture, and tradition...References1. YOUNGNERBARTLETT SE. Human death and high technology: the failure of the whole-brain formulations. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:252-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BERNATCULVERGERT JCB. On the definition and criterion of death. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:389-94. LinkGoogle Scholar3. BERNATCULVERGERT JCB. Defining death in theory and practice. Hastings Cent Rep. 1982;12:5-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. . Defining Death: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1981. Google Scholar5. . Criteria for the Determination of Death. Ottawa: Law Reform Commissions of Canada; 1981. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03756 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAre Brain Dead Individuals Dead? Grounds for Reasonable DoubtHuman Death and the Destruction of the NeocortexConceptual Approach to Human Death on Neurological GroundsBrain Death and Organ Transplantation: Ethical Issues 1 March 1984Volume 100, Issue 3Page: 456-456 Issue Published: 1 March 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
What Is Amblyopia Exanopsia?
Authors: James A. Lydston
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Having devoted considerable attention to the study of cases presenting typical and indisputable illustrations of amblyopia exanopsia, I am disposed to respond to your query (in an editorial) in a recent issue of the Jour nal, Is there an amblyopia exanopsia? and place myself on record as being decidedly of the opinion that many cases of obtundedvision are properly ascribable to non-use of the eye in question, and can not justly be attributed to other causes. In order to induce us to accept such a condition, it seems that it is only requisite for us to revert to the fact that the process of seeing is virtually an educational one at the outset, and that while all of the requisite anatomic arrangements may be present in any given case, which are known to be essential for the visual performance, such as transparent optical media, physiologic accommodation, normal
Addicted Physicians
Authors: Richard P. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Fifty physicians were evaluated and treated in a psychiatrically oriented, short-term addiction program. Psychopathology ranged from overt schizophrenia to no demonstrable psychiatric syndrome other than the addiction. Physicians experiencing addiction problems before age 40 years were more likely to exhibit serious psychopathology in the borderline range, while physicians older than 40 years were more likely to exhibit organic brain impairment and depression. Treatment outcome had some relation to psychiatric diagnosis but no relation to the addictive agent.
Colour generalisation by domestic chicks
Authors: R. Baddeley, D. Osorio, C. D. Jones
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

We present data on colour generalisation by chicks relevant to Tenenbaum and Griffiths' (T&amp;G) Bayesian framework. Chicks were trained with either one or two colours, and tested for interpolation and extrapolation. T&amp;G's framework predicts an observed lack of extrapolation on the red to yellow line in colour space. A modification incorporating stimulus uncertainty deals with a prototype effect, where an intermediate is preferred to exemplars. After training to complementary colours, chicks do not generalise across an intermediate grey as T&amp;G predict. [Tenenbaum &amp; Griffiths]
Toward Fewer Cesarean Sections — The Role of a Trial of Labor
Authors: Richard H. Paul
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The delivery of one of every four infants by cesarean section in the United States during the late 1980s and early 1990s aroused concern that many of these operations were unnecessary. Professional organizations established guidelines in an attempt to reduce the rate of cesarean section, with the goal being a rate of 15 percent for cesarean deliveries by the year 2000. Currently, one third of the cesarean sections performed are elective operations in women who have previously had cesarean sections, and the goal for the year 2000 is far from being achieved.1,2 If the high rate of cesarean delivery . . .
Case 13-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Homayoun Kazemi, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a pulmonary nodule.There was a history of asthma for 20 years, with positive skin tests to oak, birch and house-dust antigens, as well as to dog dander. The patient kept two dogs at home. His medications included a beclomethasone dipropionate nebulizer, isoproterenol and intermittent orally administered prednisone, 40 mg daily. Repeated annual examinations and x-ray examinations of the chest were negative. Six years before admission routine laboratory studies disclosed that the alkaline phosphatase was 45.3 IU; two years before entry the alkaline phosphatase was 61.3 IU . . .
Xenotransplantation moves ahead in UK
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Strict, though not yet statutory, controls over xenotransplantation have been laid down by the British government. They entail applying to a regulatory authority and passing through several other hoops leading to ministerial clearance by the secretary of state for health.

The move coincides with confirmation that a Cambridge based company, Imutran, is within months of applying for a licence to use a pig's liver to provide dialysis until a human organ becomes available. The liver would not be implanted in the body and …
Protein Transduction of Dendritic Cells for NY-ESO-1-Based Immunotherapy of Myeloma
Authors: Ramesh B. Batchu, Amberly M. Moreno, Susann M. Szmania, Grant Bennett, Guilio C. Spagnoli, Selvarangan Ponnazhagan, Bart Barlogie, Guido Tricot, Frits van Rhee
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Myeloma vaccines, based on dendritic cells pulsed with idiotype or tumor lysate, have been met with limited success, probably in part due to insufficient cross-priming of myeloma antigens. A powerful method to introduce myeloma-associated antigens into the cytosol of dendritic cells is protein transduction, a process by which proteins fused with a protein transduction domain (PTD) freely traverse membrane barriers. NY-ESO-1, an immunogenic antigen by itself highly expressed in 60% of high-risk myeloma patients, was purified to near homogeneity both alone and as a recombinant fusion protein with a PTD, derived from HIV-Tat. Efficient entry of PTD-NY-ESO-1 into dendritic cells, confirmed by microscopy, Western blotting, and intracellular flow cytometry, was achieved without affecting dendritic cell phenotype. Experiments with amiloride, which inhibits endocytosis, and N-acetyl-l-leucinyl-l-norleucinal, a proteasome inhibitor, confirmed that PTD-NY-ESO-1 entered dendritic cells by protein transduction and was degraded by the proteasome. Tetramer analysis indicated superior generation of HLA-A2.1, CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for NY-ESO-1157-165 with PTD-NY-ESO-1 compared with NY-ESO-1 control protein (44% versus 2%, respectively). NY-ESO-1-specific T lymphocytes generated with PTD-NY-ESO-1 secreted IFN-γ indicative of a Tc1-type cytokine response. Thus, PTD-NY-ESO-1 accesses the cytoplasm by protein transduction, is processed by the proteasome, and NY-ESO-1 peptides presented by HLA class I elicit NY-ESO-1-specific T lymphocytes.
"A SECOND INITIAL LESION IN SYPHILIS ONE YEAR AFTER THE FIRST"
Authors: B. C. Corbus
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with interest the report of Drs. W. C. and A. A. Nichols inThe Journal, March 24, p. 843. It seems to me that this, while seemingly an authentic case of a second infection, is merely a recurrence of the first infection. The lesion that appeared in the mouth was a mucous patch, and was indurated because it was cauterized. Every observer knows how abundantly the spirochetes are found in the secondary lesions of the mouth. According to modern teachings, the entire treatment at the time of the appearance of the so-called "second chancre" was inadequate. It takes much more treatment with both arsphenamin and mercury to cure an infection such as is reported by the authors; at least this has been my experience.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Kayvan Arashvand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 76-year-old man with hypertension presented with a sudden, painless, and profound loss of vision in the right eye. Visual acuity was light perception only in the affected eye, with a positive relative afferent pupillary defect. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed diffuse retinal whitening, constriction of the arteriole and venule with segmentation (Panel A, arrowhead), and a cherry-red spot in the macula (Panel A, arrow) — all signs compatible with the diagnosis of central retinal artery occlusion. A horizontally oriented optical coherence tomograph of the macula (Panel B, arrowhead) demonstrated increased thickness and reflectivity of the inner bands, indicating ischemic damage to . . .
Delayed perforation after intralesional triamcinolone injection for esophageal stricture following endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: T. Yamashina, N. Uedo, M. Fujii, R. Ishihara, M. Mikamori, M. Motoori, M. Yano, H. Iishi
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Stricture is a major complication of wide endoscopic mucosal resection (ESD) of the esophagus and its management requires multiple balloon dilation sessions [1]. Endoscopic intralesional injection of triamcinolone is being used as a prophylactic treatment in patients in whom wide areas of mucosa were removed with ESD [2] [3].
Awareness of Surveillance Recommendations Among Patients With Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: Jerome Sint Nicolaas, Vincent de Jonge, Djuna L. Cahen, Rob J. Th. Ouwendijk, Thjon J. Tang, Antonie J.P. van Tilburg, Monique E. van Leerdam, Ernst J. Kuipers
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
The Unusual Cecum
Authors: David Frager
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>History</h3> A 90-year-old woman was admitted to Montefiore Medical Center with a two-day history of severe right lower quadrant pain associated with nausea and vomiting. The patient's past medical record indicated a history of severe peripheral arterial disease, including bypass surgery, previous myocardial infarction, and right cerebral infarction. Physical examination showed right lower quadrant tenderness without peritoneal signs and a heme-positive stool. A blood examination revealed a hemoglobin level of 11.0 g/dL with hypochromic, microcytic indices. A barium enema study was obtained (Figs 1 and 2); the abnormalities demonstrated involved the cecum and ascending colon and will be described subsequently. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Ischemic colitis involving the cecum and ascending colon. Figure 2 ("spot" film) demonstrates (1) a mass on the lateral surface of the ascending colon just above the ileocecal valve (black arrow); (2) edematous folds in the cecum (black arrowheads); (3) submucosal polypoid masses on the lateral wall of the
Tax aspects of traveling expenses
Authors: A. J. Streich
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RISK FACTORS FOR LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES IN ELITE FEMALE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: A Nilstad, TE Andersen, R Bahr, IM Holme, K Steffen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The incidence of lower extremity injuries in female football players is high, but their risk factors are poorly understood. Objective To investigate risk factors for lower extremity injuries in elite female football players. Design Prospective cohort study. Study setting Elite football league. Participants Norwegian elite female football players. Risk factor assessment Baseline screening tests were conducted prior to the 2009 competitive football season and included tests assessing maximal lower extremity strength, balance, knee valgus angles in a drop jump landing, knee joint laxity, generalized joint laxity and foot pronation. We also included a questionnaire to collect information on demographic data, elite level experience and injury history. Time-loss injuries and exposure in training and match were recorded prospectively during the subsequent football season using weekly text messaging. Players reporting an injury were contacted to collect data regarding injury circumstances. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for one standard deviation change. Main outcome measurements New lower extremity injuries. Results In total, 173 players provided complete screening tests and registrations of injuries and exposure throughout the season. A total of 171 injuries in 107 players (62%) were recorded. Multivariate analyses showed that greater BMI (OR 1.51, CI 1.21–1.90, P=.001) was the only factor significantly associated with new lower extremity injuries. Greater BMI was associated with new thigh injuries (OR 1.51, CI 1.08–2.11, P=.01), lower knee valgus angles in a drop jump landing was associated with ankle injuries (OR 0.64, CI 0.41–1.00, P=.04) and a previous knee injury with lower leg and foot injuries (OR 3.57, CI 1.27–9.99, P=.02), whereas neither of the factors investigated influenced the risk of knee injuries. Conclusion Greater BMI was associated with lower extremity injuries in elite female football players.
A Case of Musicogenic Epilepsy
Authors: Henry B. Dearman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

MUSIC as a factor in precipitating seizures is infrequently mentioned in medical annals. Through 1962 only 45 such cases have been discovered in our search of the literature. These reports go back to 1884 when the case of a patient who on three occasions had epileptic fits provoked by melodies and musical tones new to him was reported in the Russian literature by Merzheevsky,<sup>1</sup>as cited by Critchley.<sup>2</sup>Isolated cases have since appeared, including two reported by Bechtereff,<sup>3</sup>the well-known Russian physiologist, also cited by Critchley.<sup>2</sup>In 1937 Critchley<sup>2</sup>reviewed the previously reported cases, added 11 new cases, and attempted a synthesis and discussion of 20 cases. Joynt et al4 reviewed 44 cases of musicogenic epilepsy, including one case that they had studied. Poskanzer et al<sup>5</sup>presented in tabular form the available essential data on 45 cases, including one case they had examined intensively, both
Relationship between procollagen III aminoterminal propeptide and hyaluronan serum levels and histological fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic viral hepatitis C
Authors: Jérôme Guéchot, Renée E. Poupon, Philippe Giral, Beverley Balkau, Jacqueline Giboudeau, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
Treatment of Vomiting of Pregnancy with Antihistamines
Authors: S. Lask
Journal: BMJ (1953)

JBRfoURImportant factors in assessing the appropriate daily maintenance dose within the range of 50 to 175 mg. are the weight, age (apparent rather than real), general health, and renal function.The more robust, young, and less acutely ill patients require the largest doses, whilst the frail, elderly, and severely ill cases need the smallest maintenance doses.Any lowering of renal function will materially reduce the amount of phenyl- indanedione required.Once the daily maintenance dose has been established, this dose can be continued for a prolonged period with- out any significant fluctuation in the prothrombin times.(With improvement in a severely ill patient's general condition, a small increase in the daily maintenance dose may sometimes be necessary.)This uniform action of phenylindanedione means that in most cases, once the daily maintenance dose has been established, pro- thrombin estimations are necessary only twice or, at the most, three times a week. (In patients on prolonged therapy, prothrombin estimations weekly or less often are usually enough.)No toxic effects from phenylindanedione were encoun- tered in this series.In a small series of seven cases reported previously, the giving of much larger doses than those required to maintain an adequate thera- peutic prothrombin level resulted in haemorrhage in one case only and no other toxic reactions.This haemorrhage and the severe prothrombin deficiency seen in the other six cases were quickly controlled within eight to twenty hours by vitamin K; given orally.The total daily dose of phenylindanedione in each case was given in two divided amounts, morning and evening.In most cases it turns the urine a pinkishorange colour.I wish to thank Charles E. Frosst and Co. (Canada) for the initial supplies of phenylindanedionet (" danilone ") and also Evans Medical Supplies Ltd. for additional amounts of the drug (" dindevan ").
The Heart failure and Optimal Outcomes from Pharmacy Study (HOOPS): rationale, design, and baseline characteristics
Authors: Richard Lowrie, Frances S. Mair, Nicola Greenlaw, Paul Forsyth, Alex McConnachie, Janice Richardson, Nina Khan, Deborah Morrison, Claudia‐Martina Messow, Brian Rae, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associates with Neuropsychological Deficits and Neuronal Brain Injury
Authors: Ann C Halbower, Mahaveer Degaonkar, Peter B Barker, Christopher J Earley, Carole L Marcus, Philip L Smith, M. Cristine Prahme, E. Mark Mahone
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with neuropsychological deficits of memory, learning, and executive function. There is no evidence of neuronal brain injury in children with OSA. We hypothesized that childhood OSA is associated with neuropsychological performance dysfunction, and with neuronal metabolite alterations in the brain, indicative of neuronal injury in areas corresponding to neuropsychological function.We conducted a cross-sectional study of 31 children (19 with OSA and 12 healthy controls, aged 6-16 y) group-matched by age, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. Participants underwent polysomnography and neuropsychological assessments. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was performed on a subset of children with OSA and on matched controls. Neuropsychological test scores and mean neuronal metabolite ratios of target brain areas were compared. Relative to controls, children with severe OSA had significant deficits in IQ and executive functions (verbal working memory and verbal fluency). Children with OSA demonstrated decreases of the mean neuronal metabolite ratio N-acetyl aspartate/choline in the left hippocampus (controls: 1.29, standard deviation [SD] 0.21; OSA: 0.91, SD 0.05; p = 0.001) and right frontal cortex (controls: 2.2, SD 0.4; OSA: 1.6, SD 0.4; p = 0.03).Childhood OSA is associated with deficits of IQ and executive function and also with possible neuronal injury in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. We speculate that untreated childhood OSA could permanently alter a developing child's cognitive potential.
Performance Testing of Tennis and Squash Players
Authors: S. Pyke, C. Elliott, E. Pyke
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1974)

Tennis and squash coaches usually feel, rightly or wrongly, that their competence lies in being able to attend to three aspects of the game; skill, strategy and psychological preparation.Those labelled with the responsibility of preparing top-class teams often look to advice from the physical educator to measure and develop the other important components; stamina, speed and strength.It is the purpose of this paper to describe batteries of tests that have been used successfully to measure the stamina, speed and strength of top-class tennis and squash players in Western Australia.Coaches can then prescribe individualized training programmes based on diagnoses obtained from these test results. SubjectsThe subjects who completed the tennis performance test battery were junior and senior members of the Western Australia tennis squad vying for positions in the teams to contest the Linton and Wilson Cups and the different State open championships throughout Australia.The subjects who undertook the squash performance test battery were senior members of the Western Australian mens' squash squad competing for places in the team to represent the State in the Australian championships.
The impact of dendrimer-grafted modifications to model silicon surfaces on protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion
Authors: Mirjam Eichler, Verena Katzur, Lutz Scheideler, Michael Haupt, Juergen Geis-Gerstorfer, Gottfried Schmalz, Stefan Ruhl, Rainer Müller, Frank Rupp
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)