tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fluoridation. Its Moral and Political Aspects: A New and Comprehensive Study
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The Pied Piper of Hamlin, the dancing mania, certain elements of the Crusades, religious wars, the burning of witches, tortures for heresy, and the self-mutilations of Corybantian orgies are somber historic illustrations that "The capacity of the human mind to deceive itself knows no limits." As a minor league or perhaps bush league example of a latter day instance of such tortured confusions and misconceptions, the future may well look back on the paranoia provoked by such a simple problem as prophylactic fluoridation to reduce the incidence of dental caries. Exner, aided and abetted by The Greater New York Committee Opposed to Fluoridation, symbolizes the testimonial approach which the most convinced zealot may mistake for evidence. This tract illustrates once more that freedom to criticize does not imply license and that righteous indignation, no matter how devout, does not establish accuracy or raise up the light of truth.
Severe neurotoxic envenoming by the Malayan krait Bungarus candidus (Linnaeus): response to antivenom and anticholinesterase.
Authors: D A Warrell, S Looareesuwan, N J White, R D Theakston, M J Warrell, W Kosakarn, H A Reid
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Five patients were bitten by the Malayan krait Bungarus candidus (Linnaeus) in eastern Thailand or north western Malaya. Two patients were not envenomed but the other three developed generalised paralysis which progressed to respiratory paralysis in two cases, one of which ended fatally. One patient showed parasympathetic abnormalities. Anticholinesterase produced a dramatic improvement in one patient. Another patient probably benefited from paraspecific antivenom. The efficacy of antivenoms and adjuvants such as anticholinesterases in patients with neurotoxic envenoming requires further study.
TEMPORAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TIME AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION, DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY CESSATION AND STENT THROMBOSIS IN THE CONTEMPORARY PCI ERA: INSIGHTS FROM THE PARIS REGISTRY
Authors: Usman Baber, Mikkel Schoos, Samantha Sartori, Philippe Steg, Cono Ariti, Giora Weisz, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Timothy Henry, Annapoorna Kini, Thomas Stuckey, David J. Cohen, Peter B. Berger, George Dangas, Ron Waksman, David Antoniucci, Mitchell Krucoff, James Hermiller, Fayaz Shawl, C Michael Gibson, Alaide Chieffo, Maria Alu, David Moliterno, Antonio Colombo, Stuart Pocock, Roxana Mehran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
New cytokine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Bacteria that produce cytokines could be used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), if the results of research in mice are reproduced in humans.

Belgian scientists have engineered a non-pathogenic bacterium that produces interleukin 10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine that reduces inflammatory colitis. Because the genetically engineered bacterium survives stomach acid the cytokine can be delivered direct to the inflammatory target in the colon. This could reduce the dose needed and any systemic effects (Science 2000;289:1352-4).

The team, led by Dr Lothar Steidler, a molecular biologist at Ghent University and Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, has been using the bacterium Lactococcus lactis to produce cytokines since 1995. The researchers' interest in this particular species developed …
Videodensitometric analysis of human coronary stenoses: validation in vivo by intraoperative high-frequency epicardial echocardiography.
Authors: M R Johnson, D D McPherson, S R Fleagle, M M Hunt, L F Hiratzka, R E Kerber, M L Marcus, S M Collins, D J Skorton
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Videodensitometry is a nongeometric method of coronary angiographic analysis that can be used to provide an index of coronary luminal area. However, there are few direct studies in vivo of the relationship of videodensitometric data to independent measures of luminal area in humans. Although videodensitometry is theoretically independent of angiographic projection and luminal shape, validation of these assumptions in vivo is also limited. We therefore used intraoperative high-frequency epicardial echocardiography, a technique that can directly determine human coronary luminal area and shape in vivo, to further validate videodensitometry. A total of 36 arterial segments in the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries were studied by videodensitometry and high-frequency echocardiography. Videodensitometry was performed on angiograms in which the arterial segment of interest was not markedly foreshortened and was uniformly filled with contrast. In 22 discrete lesions (13 with circular lumens and nine with oval or complex lumens), videodensitometric and echocardiographic measures of luminal area correlated well (r = .86). In 33 coronary arterial segments, the effect of angiographic projection on videodensitometry was determined by comparison of the results of videodensitometry performed on left anterior oblique vs right anterior oblique angiograms of the segments. Here too, the correlation was good (r = .94, y = 1.04x + 0.002). The good correlation of left anterior oblique with right anterior oblique videodensitometric results held true for lesions with circular and oval or complex lumens. This study further validates the ability of videodensitometry to provide an index of coronary luminal area and confirms in vivo previous assumptions that the results of videodensitometric analysis are independent of angiographic projection and luminal shape.
Clinical use of sodium nitroprusside in chronic ischemic heart disease. Effects on peripheral vascular resistance and venous tone and on ventricular volume, pump and mechanical performance.
Authors: R R Miller, L A Vismara, R Zelis, E A Amsterdam, D T Mason
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Although hemodynamic benefit has been shown with sodium nitroprusside (NP) in acute coronary pump failure, complete understanding of the mechanisms of action of the agent on the cardiocirculation and its value in chronic ventricular dysfunction are lacking. This investigation evaluates the effects of NP on the systemic and regional arterial and venous beds and on cardiac dynamics, ventricular volumes, contractile state and myocardial energetics in long-standing congestive heart failure. Twelve patients with chronic coronary pump dysfunction received NP infusion to lower systolic pressure to 95-105 mm Hg. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed directly by angiographic volumes and high fidelity pressure, and peripheral circulatory dynamics were determined simultaneously by forearm arterial and venous plethysmography. NP reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 88.2 to 73.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.05) and significantly (P less than 0.05) enhanced the variables of LV performance: LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) diminished from 18.5 to 9.9 mm Hg; ejection fraction rose from 0.47 to 0.55; percent of LV segmental shortening increased; and isovolumic and ejection indices of contractility improved. Concomitantly, NP reduced the indices of myocardial oxygen demands of ventricular tension time index and LVED volume index. These salutary effects on LV performance and energetics occurred secondary to peripheral arterial and venous dilation (P less than 0.05) produced by NP: total systemic vascular resistance was lowered from 1590 to 1310 dynes sec cm--5; forearm vascular resistance diminished from 46 to 37 mm Hg/ml/100 gm/min; and forearm venous tone fell from 14.2 to 10.1 mm Hg/cc. Depressed stroke index (SI) and cardiac index (CI) increased (P less than 0.05) with NP: despite the fall in LVEDP, when ventricular filling pressures with the agent were at levels slightly above normal. Dextran infusion given with NP to restore LVEDP to moderately elevated values increased SI and CI (P less than 0.05) when NP alone produced no change in stroke output. Thus, the peripheral vasodilator properties of nitroprusside improve LV function by reducing impedance to ventricular ejection, while MVO2 is diminished by decreasing LV preload and afterload through relaxing actions
Tracking of lung function parameters and the longitudinal relationship with lifestyle
Authors: JW Twisk, BJ Staal, MN Brinkman, HC Kemper, W van Mechelen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The purpose of this study was to analyse tracking (i.e. relative stability over time/predictability of future values by early measurements) of lung function parameters and their longitudinal relationship with lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, daily physical activity, neuromotor and cardiopulmonary fitness, and dietary intake of retinol and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)). Data were obtained from the observational Amsterdam Growth and Health Study, a longitudinal study with six repeated measurements between ages 13-27 yrs (n=167). The statistical analyses were carried out with generalized estimating equations. The following "stability" coefficients were found: for forced vital capacity (FVC) in males 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54-0.77) and in females 0.51 (95% CI: 0.43-0.60); for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in males 0.65 (95% CI: 0.50-0.80), in females 0.53 (95% CI 0.46-0.60); for peak expiratory flow (PEF) in both males and females 0.41 (95% CI: 0.31-0.51). Positive relationships were found between alcohol consumption and FVC and FEV1 and between neuromotor fitness and PEF and (only for males) with FVC and FEV1. Physical activity was inversely related to PEF and the intake of PUFA positively related to FVC and FEV1. Smoking was related to a decrease in FVC and FEV1; changes in physical activity positively correlated to changes in FVC. In conclusion, high to moderate stability/tracking was observed for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second; for peak expiratory flow it was slightly lower. Preventive strategies regarding improvements of lung function should focus on smoking cessation and improving daily physical activity.
Acute renal failure in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Takahiro Masuda, Yoshiyuki Morishita, Sumiko Homma, Aya Kobayashi, Eiji Kajii, Yasushi Asano, Eiji Kusano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

of thalassemics due to the development of better chelating drugs will surely make HCC a major problem for thalassemics in future.Nowadays the outcome of HCC can be improved by various treatments, and when HCC develops in absence of cirrhosis, liver surgery can be curative [1,2].However, early detection of HCC is mandatory.Our experience suggests that US screening should be performed strictly in thalassemia syndromes, particularly when there is either HCV or HBV infection or sustained iron overload.
Induction of various cytokines and development of severe mucosal inflammation by <i>cagA</i> gene positive <i>Helicobacter pylori </i>strains
Authors: Y Yamaoka, M Kita, T Kodama, N Sawai, K Kashima, J Imanishi
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —Helicobacter pylori strains possessing the cagA gene are thought to induce interleukin 8 (IL-8) in gastric mucosa. However, it is still unclear whether a relation exists between the cagA gene and the expression patterns of cytokines other than IL-8. Aims — To investigate the relation between the cagA gene and the production of various cytokine proteins using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients and methods — In 184 patients, the cagA gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and levels of production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in antral biopsy specimens were measured by ELISA. Results— Mucosal levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly higher in H pylori positive than in H pylori negative patients. Furthermore, the mucosal levels of IL-1β and IL-8 were significantly higher in specimens infected with cagA positive strains than in those infected with cagA negative strains. In H pylori positive patients, the mucosal level of IL-8 was closely correlated with that of IL-1β (p&lt;0.0001), and the mucosal level of IL-6 was closely correlated with that of TNF-α (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion— These findings suggest that the ability to induce cytokines differs among the strains; cagA + strains induce various kinds of cytokines and may cause severe inflammation, whereas cagA − strains induce IL-8 and IL-1β only weakly and may cause only mild inflammation. However, as most patients infected with the cagA + strains have gastritis, these strains may not be equivalent to ulcerogenic strains.
Prozac - panacea or poison?
Authors: M Lader
Journal: BMJ (1994)

BBC1 Everyman:“Welcome to Happy Valley” 14 August

Wenatchee, in central Washington state, northwest USA, was the self proclaimed “Apple Capital of the World.” It is now dubbed the “Prozac Capital of the World.” Why the change? Dr Jim Goodwin, an ex- marine and clinical psychologist, diagnoses depression in almost everyone entering his consulting rooms and arranges for them to be treated with Prozac (the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant fluoxetine). He continues it with cognitive therapy and has many satisfied customers, including himself.

At the opposite pole is Dr Peter Breggin, an American psychiatrist, who deplores this “quick fix” solution to mankind's eternal personal, …
A 59-Year-Old Woman With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Barrett Esophagus, 4 Years Later
Authors: Risa B. Burns
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Novel in vivo models of human skin pathophysiology
Authors: M. W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Novel in vivo models of human skin pathophysiology Get access M. W. GREAVES M. W. GREAVES St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London WC2H 7BJ, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s27, 1 July 1984, Pages 183–187, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb15603.x Published: 01 July 1984
Role of the sympathetic nervous system in chronic joint pain and inflammation.
Authors: B L Kidd, S Cruwys, P I Mapp, D R Blake
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A substantial body of evidence gathered from a variety of diseases points to a critical interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and the inflammatory cascade.An important sympathetic component to rheumatic disease is indicated by the observation that symptoms in both reflex sympathetic dystrophy and rheumatoid arthritis may be alleviated after regional sympathectomy. 1Clearly, attempts to explain pathophysio- logical mechanisms must take observations such as these into account.This review summarises the evidence for a sympathetic influence on rheumatic disease and speculates on the mechanism by which this may arise.
Ixabepilone plus capecitabine vs capecitabine in patients with triple negative tumors: a pooled analysis of patients from two large phase III clinical studies.
Authors: HS Rugo, H Roche, E Thomas, K Blackwell, H Chung, G Lerzo, LA Volles, V Poulart, E Perez
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3057 Introduction: Patients (pts) with ER/PR/HER2 negative advanced breast cancer (triple negative, TN, basal-like) have limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Ixabepilone (ixa), the first in a new class of antineoplastic agents, showed clinical benefit in combination with capecitabine (C) in 2 large clinical trials in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) pts either resistant to (study 046; JCO, 2007) or pretreated with anthracycline (A) and taxanes (T) (study 048). In 048, ixa + C, compared to C alone, demonstrated significant increases in PFS (HR 0.79 [0.69-0.90]) and ORR (43 vs. 29%). A trend towards increased OS was seen in both 048 (HR 0.90 [0.78-1.03]) and 046 (HR 0.90 [0.77-1.05]), which did not reach statistical significance. Here we present a pooled analysis of efficacy endpoints (ORR, PFS and OS) in pts with TN disease from these 2 phase III studies.&amp;#x2028; Methods: 1973 pts with MBC previously treated with A and T were randomized in 2 phase III trials (046 and 048) to receive either ixa (40 mg/m2 IV over 3h Q3w) + C (1000 mg/m2 PO BID x14d Q3w) or C alone (1250 mg/m2 PO BID x14d Q3w). Due to the similarity of the study populations, individual pt data from both studies was pooled to better evaluate treatment effect within pre-planned patient subgroups.&amp;#x2028; Results: 443 pts had TN disease in the two studies combined. ORR and PFS were superior in pts receiving combination therapy compared to those on C alone with a trend towards improved survival that did not reach statistical significance.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Ixa + C is the first combination to show statistically significant PFS benefit in pts with advanced TN breast cancer from a pooled analysis of 2 phase III trials. Clinical benefit was consistently seen pts with TN disease in the individual studies as well. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3057.
Symposium on Aesthetic Surgery of the Face. Eyelid, and Breast
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The first in a series of symposia devoted to an in-depth study of aesthetic surgery is concerned with three anatomic areas, the breast, face, and eyelids. There has been no attempt to detail all the methods of surgical management; as the senior editor says, the book tries to present accepted standards and time-proved procedures that the plastic surgeon can use like building blocks in constructing his own approach to this particular area. The more than three dozen authors have done just that. Much of the technical material will, of course, find a limited audience. On the other hand, several chapters should interest the general medical reader. For example, chapter 1 discusses "Psychological Aspects of Aesthetic Surgery" in a brief, concise manner, adding a complete bibliography of enticing publications on the subject. Historical chapters on surgery of the aging face, neck, and eyelid, and on mammoplasty will prove equally interesting. In
Sodium, phosphate, glucose, bicarbonate, and alanine interactions in the isolated proximal convoluted tubule of the rabbit kidney.
Authors: V W Dennis, P C Brazy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Interactions among the transport systems involved with sodium, bicarbonate, glucose, phosphate, and alanine absorption in isolated segments of the rabbit proximal convoluted tubule were examined with radioisotopic techniques to measure glucose, phosphate, and fluid absorption rates. The composition of the perfusate and bath varied from normal, physiological fluids to fluids deficient in a single solute. The deletion of glucose from the perfusate increased the lumen-to-bath flux of phosphate from 5.51 +/- 1.15 to 8.32 +/- 1.34 pmol/mm-min (P less than 0.01). Similar changes occurred when glucose transport was inhibited by phlorizin 10 micron in the perfusate, The deletion of alanine from the perfusate increased the lumen-to-bath flux of phosphate from 6.55 +/- 1.08 to 9.00 +/- 1.30 pmol/mm-min (P less than 0.01) but did not affect glucose transport significantly, 80.1 +/- 10.1 vs. 72.5 +/- 5.4 pmol/mm-min. Replacement of intraluminal sodium with choline, elimination of potassium from the bath, and removal of bicarbonate from the lumen and bath each reduced glucose, phosphate, and fluid absorption. These data indicate that the proximal absorptive processes for glucose and for phosphate include elements that are dependent upon some function of sodium transport. Additionally, the effects on phosphate transport of deleting glucose or alanine occur independent of any changes in net sodium transport and are opposite the effects of deleting bicarbonate. These differences may relate to the observations that the transport of glucose and alanine is electrogenic while that of bicarbonate is not. Regardless of possible mechanisms, the data demonstrate that important changes in the absorption rates of different solutes handled significantly by the proximal convoluted tubule may occur in response to changes in specific components of proximal sodium transport.
Points from Letters: Dental Charges
Authors: D. Barber
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Regional Committee for Hospital Medical Services.The result was a resolution unani- knously approved by seniors and juniors alike to have the paper examined by the C.C.H.M.S. without prejudice to current discussions.Rightly, the Executive Subcommittee of the C.CH.M.S. is going to do this.At the same time, the Regional Consultants Association, having asked its members by questionnaire whether they believed the "New Deal" offers a basis for discussion with the Health Departments, has received an initial response of over 90°
More than one antiviral should be stockpiled to fight flu pandemic
Authors: Oona Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The UK government is ill prepared to cope with a flu pandemic, warns a report from the Royal Society and the Academy of Medical Sciences. It says this is because of its lack of consultation with independent experts in the field. 

The report recommends that the Department of Health urgently reconsider its decision to stockpile only one antiviral drug, oseltamivir (Tamiflu), in light of emerging scientific evidence that the H5N1 strain of the avian influenza virus can develop resistance to this drug. It says stockpiling the alternative antiviral zanamivir …
Panniculitis (Rothmann-Makai), with good response to tetracycline
Authors: H.L. CHAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A case of idiopathic cirucumscribed panniculitis of the legs, with features consistent with that of the Rothmann-Makai syndrome, is reported. The response to a 10-week course of oral tetracycline therapy was impressive. It is suggested that the anti-lipase activity of tetracycline could account for this response.