tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE CORRELATION OF FEDERAL HEALTH AGENCIES
Authors: LINSLY R. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Of the hundred or more major administrative units of the national government, at least thirty are concerned directly or indirectly with some phase of the public health. These bureaus or other divisions are scattered through the ten executive departments and the score or so of independent establishments of the United States. Generally speaking, they carry on their activities more or less independently. Of the thirty, only eight have a major and primary interest in public health, the others having a less significant relationship to the subject, for their health or medical activities are usually carried on as secondary to the general scope of the various bureaus. The public health operations of the federal government were not established all at once, but have grown up by a process of political and administrative evolution extending over a long period of time. A brief historical statement showing the gradual development of these bureaus
Radiofrequency ablation of Barrett’s esophagus: outcomes of 429 patients from a multicenter community practice registry
Authors: W. Lyday, F. Corbett, D. Kuperman, I. Kalvaria, P. Mavrelis, A. Shughoury, R. Pruitt
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de W. D. Lyday et al., pp. 272Endoscopy 2010; 42(04): 350-350DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291850
Increase of oleic acid in erythrocytes associated with malignancies.
Authors: C B Wood, N A Habib, A Thompson, H Bradpiece, C Smadja, M Hershman, W Barker, K Apostolov
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Total lipid extracts of erythrocyte cell membranes from 60 patients with documented malignancies, 41 patients with various acute and chronic diseases, and 40 healthy subjects were analysed. The results were expressed as ratios of stearic to oleic acid, reflecting the degree of desaturation of stearic acid. The mean ratios for the healthy subjects and controls without cancer were 1.5 (SD 0.27) and 1.45 (0.28), respectively, whereas the ratios for patients with malignancies were consistently lower than the cut off point of 1.0, with a mean of 0.69 (0.15) (p less than 0.001). The desaturation ratio was also significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in the group with recurrent tumours (mean 0.75 (0.04)) compared with those with no evidence of recurrent tumours (mean 1.55 (0.27)). It is suggested that the increased unsaturation (oleic acid) in the circulating erythrocytes may be useful in the diagnosis and postoperative monitoring of patients with cancer.
UK government expects private firms to manage patients' online records
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Government plans for an “information revolution” in the English NHS will include encouraging commercial firms to manage online health records on behalf of patients, said the official in charge.

Christine Connelly, chief information officer for health at the Department of Health, said that plans to be published later this year would allow patients to take control of—though not to delete—their GP record.

“The intention is to give individual patients the ability to take a copy of their record and load up in a [computer] tool of their choice, and we expect the market to provide these rather than the Department of Health,” …
How Ominous Is an Abnormal Scan in Bronchogenic Carcinoma?
Authors: Stefan Gravenstein
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Bone, brain, and liver radioisotope scans as prognostic indicators were studied in a series of 162 patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma. One or more scans positive for metastasis reliably predicted death in less than six months. An abnormal bone scan was most significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Reliability in predicting less than one year's survival in abnormal liver and brain scans was<i>P</i>&lt;.05 for both. Patients with two normal scans were found to have a 50% six-month survival expectation. Brain scans added little information, as they would have predicted a different prognosis for only three of 114 patients who received them. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2523-2524, 1979)
Intrapartum monitoring in rural Africa
Authors: R V Millard
Journal: BMJ (1994)

disease must be considered.I became aware of an association between adult epiglottitis and malignancy when treating a patient with acute epiglottitis due to infection with Branhamela catarralis who was subsequently diagnosed as having acute myeloid leukaemia.'There have been other reports of acute epiglottitis in patients with leukaemia,3 and Lederman et al described seven cases of pneumococcal epiglottitis, six of which were associated with some form ofmalignancy.4Thus an underlying malignancy or other inmmunosuppressive disease5 should be suspected in cases of adult epiglottitis.This association may simply represent opportunistic infection occurring in immunocompromised patients and need not indicate a specific link.Assessment of the whole patient is, however, vitally important, even when the presenting symptoms and signs seem to be localised.
Admission levels of serum Gc-globulin: Predictive value in fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: F V Schiødt, S Bondesen, I Petersen, K Dalhoff, P Ott, N Tygstrup
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Gc-globulin scavenges actin released from necrotic hepatocytes to the extracellular space. In 77 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) (excluding patients treated with liver transplantation), admission levels of serum Gc-globulin and degree of complexing with monomeric actin (complex ratio) were determined to evaluate their predictive values in relation to survival/nonsurvival. Gc-globulin levels were significantly reduced in 47 nonsurvivors, compared with 30 survivors (96 +/- 71 mg/L vs. 169 +/- 101 mg/L, P &lt; .001), whereas the complex ratio in nonsurvivors did not differ significantly from that of survivors. Gc-globulin levels were significantly lower in 59 patients with non-acetaminophen-induced FHF, compared with 18 patients with acetaminophen-induced FHF ( P &lt; .01). Using a cutoff level of serum Gc- globulin of 100 mg/L, a lesser value correctly predicted nonsurvival in 79 percent of patients with non-acetaminophen-induced FHF, whereas a higher value predicted survival in 60 percent. In patients with acetaminophen-induced FHF, nonsurvival was correctly predicted in 100 percent of patients and survival in 53 percent. In comparison, the King’s College Hospital (KCH) criteria correctly predicted nonsurvival and survival in 69 percent and 57 percent, respectively, of the same non-acetaminophen-induced FHF patients and in 60 percent and 38 percent, respectively, of the acetaminophen-induced FHF patients. Thus, in our study population, the predictive properties of Gc-globulin were in the same range as the KCH criteria. An advantage of Gc-globulin is that it gives an estimate of the outcome already on admission. Acute liver transplantation should be considered in FHF patients with Gc-globulin less than 100 mg/L.
The cardiorespiratory response to exercise in thoracic scoliosis.
Authors: J M Shneerson
Journal: Thorax (1978)

Twenty-six subjects with thoracic scoliosis due to various causes have been investigated. They all performed a progressive exercise test under standardised conditions, and their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), blood gases, and ventilatory and heart rate responses were observed. The VO2 max was significantly below normal and was proportional to the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximum exercise ventilation (VE max). Exercise was limited by ventilatory factors in 80% of the subjects who exercised maximally. VE max was diminished, but the dyspnoeic index was normal. The minute ventilation (VE) at any given VO2 was about 20% greater than normal. This hyperventilation taken with the low VE max explains why exercise is usually ventilation-limited in these subjects. Tidal volume (VT) increased linearly with ventilation until VT max was reached. The tidal volumes at any given ventilation were less than normal, but when expressed as a percentage of vital capacity (VC) they were above normal. The heart rate increased more rapidly than normal, but this appears to be a physiological result of the small muscle mass of these subjects and not a pathological response.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Airway Dysfunction Depends on the Virus Strain
Authors: M.L. Moore, N.W. Lukacs, B.D. Rudd, V.V. Polosukhin, M.H. Chi, K. Goleniewska, J.F. O'Neal, R.S. Peebles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Mortality From Abortion and Childbirth
Authors: Alan R. Hansen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There is a serious misconception created in the studies by Cates et al (1982;248:192) and LeBolt et al (1982;248:188) inThe Journal. Both of the articles on mortality from abortion and childbirth purported to show that a woman is "seven times more likely to die from childbirth than from legal abortion." Since their abortion population is heavily skewed toward procedures performed during the first trimester of pregnancy, it is invalid to make conclusions about abortions in general. Few would contest that a suction of dilation and curettage abortion during the first 12 weeks is, physically, a relatively safe procedure. Surely the authors do not believe that a hypernatremic abortion or hysterotomy performed in the second or third trimester is safer than childbirth. Yet, it appears that family planning counselors may take these studies at face value and erroneously assure women in late-term pregnancies that abortion is a
PWE-064 Uk Wide Survey On the Prevention of Post-Ercp Pancreatitis
Authors: M S Hanna, A J Portal, A D Dhanda, R Przemioslo
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Acute pancreatitis is the most common complication following ERCP. In 2010, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy delivered Guidelines on the Prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).<sup>1</sup> These included Grade A recommendations advising the use of prophylactic pancreatic stents and NSAIDs in high-risk cases. The aim of this study was to capture the current practise of UK biliary endoscopists in the prevention of PEP. <h3>Methods</h3> In Summer 2012 an anonymous online 15-item survey was e-mailed to 373 UK Consultant Gastroenterologists, GI Surgeons and Radiologists identified to perform ERCP. <h3>Results</h3> The response rate was 59.5% (222/373). Of respondents 52.5% considered ever using prophylactic pancreatic stents (PPS) for the prevention of PEP. Those who used PPS always attempted to do so for the following procedural risk factors; pancreatic sphincterotomy (48.9%), suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (46.5%), pancreatic duct instrumentation (35.9%), previous PEP (25.2%), precut sphincterotomy (8.5%) and pancreatic duct injection (7.8%). The decision to use prophylactic NSAIDs was significantly associated with attempts at PPS placement (p &lt; 0.001).The stent characteristics, follow-up methods and timing varied significantly. Of those who did not use PPS 64.1% cited a lack of conviction in their benefit as the main reason for their decision. Self-reported pharmacological use rates for PEP prevention were: NSAIDS (34.6%), Antibiotics (20.6%), Rapid IV Fluids (13.2%) and Octreotide (1.6%). Only 6% of respondents routinely measured amylase post-ERCP. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite strong evidence-based guidelines for prevention of PEP less than 53% of ERCP practitioners either consider using pancreatic stenting or NSAIDs. This suggests a need for the development of BSG guidelines to increase awareness in the UK. Even amongst stent users PPS are being underused for most high risk cases. Pharmacological measures were rarely used for PEP prophylaxis. Routine post-ERCP serum amylase measurement was rare even in day case procedures. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Dumonceau JM, Andrulli A, Deviere J,<i> et al.</i> European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline: prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Endoscopy. 2010; 42(6):503–15.
Weighing the Benefits of High-Dose Simvastatin against the Risk of Myopathy
Authors: Amy Egan, Eric Colman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Having reviewed the data on the risk of myopathy, the FDA recommends that the 80-mg dose of simvastatin be used only in patients who have been taking this dose for an extended period without signs or symptoms of clinically significant muscle toxicity.
The human rhinovirus: human‐pathological impact, mechanisms of antirhinoviral agents, and strategies for their discovery
Authors: Judith M. Rollinger, Michaela Schmidtke
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

As the major etiological agent of the common cold, human rhinoviruses (HRV) cause millions of lost working and school days annually. Moreover, clinical studies proved an association between harmless upper respiratory tract infections and more severe diseases e.g. sinusitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both the medicinal and socio-economic impact of HRV infections and the lack of antiviral drugs substantiate the need for intensive antiviral research. A common structural feature of the approximately 100 HRV serotypes is the icosahedrally shaped capsid formed by 60 identical copies of viral capsid proteins VP1-4. The capsid protects the single-stranded, positive sense RNA genome of about 7,400 bases in length. Both structural as well as nonstructural proteins produced during the viral life cycle have been identified as potential targets for blocking viral replication at the step of attachment, entry, uncoating, RNA and protein synthesis by synthetic or natural compounds. Moreover, interferon and phytoceuticals were shown to protect host cells. Most of the known inhibitors of HRV replication were discovered as a result of empirical or semi-empirical screening in cell culture. Structure-activity relationship studies are used for hit optimization and lead structure discovery. The increasing structural insight and molecular understanding of viral proteins on the one hand and the advent of innovative computer-assisted technologies on the other hand have facilitated a rationalized access for the discovery of small chemical entities with antirhinoviral (anti-HRV) activity. This review will (i) summarize existing structural knowledge about HRV, (ii) focus on mechanisms of anti-HRV agents from synthetic and natural origin, and (iii) demonstrate strategies for efficient lead structure discovery.
Risk of Death by Unnatural Causes During Early Childhood in Offspring of Parents With Mental Illness
Authors: Yi-Hua Chen, Hung-Yi Chiou, Chao-Hsiun Tang, Herng-Ching Lin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Limited evidence reveals an elevated mortality risk in offspring of psychiatric patients after infancy. This nationwide population-based study in Taiwan aimed to investigate mortality risk in preschool children up to age 5 whose parents have severe mental illness.Three nationwide population-based data sets were linked. A total of 3,166 children with one or both parents having schizophrenia or an affective disorder were identified, together with a comparison cohort of 25,328 children matched with the study group in terms of maternal age and year of delivery. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to compute hazard ratios, with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and maternal medical comorbidities.During the preschool years, 54 (1.7%) deaths were documented among offspring of parents with severe mental illness and 155 (0.6%) in the comparison cohort. Parental mental illness was independently associated with a risk of death nearly 2.4 times higher (95% CI=1.72-3.28) than in the comparison cohort. The association was even more marked for unnatural causes of death, in which the mortality risk was 8.35 times greater (95% CI=4.04-17.24) in children of affected parents than in the comparison cohort. The proportional mortality rates were as high as 20.4% and 11.1% for accident and homicide, respectively, among offspring exposed to parental mental illness.An elevated mortality risk, especially from unnatural causes of death, was identified for offspring of parents with severe mental illness during the preschool years in an Asian society. There is an urgent need for multidisciplinary team approaches and risk management strategies to support psychiatric patients who are having difficulty with the transition to parenthood.
Human and Experimental Breast Cancer
Authors: August P. Hovnanian
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This book is a well-planned treatise on the subject, first describing the basic physiologic, embryologic, and endocrinic factors affecting the normal human breasts followed by a well-oriented chapter on the gross and microscopic structure of the breast. The main theme of the text, experimental breast cancer, appears after these introductory discussions. Disease entities, like fibroadenoma, duct ectasia, and cystic disease are presented because of their relation to cancer genesis and function of breast epithelium or its structure. The last chapters deal with the forms of therapy and plan of treatment. It is questionable whether the inclusion of "Conventional Forms of Therapy," "Hormone Therapy," or "Planned Treatment" add to the value of this text. These controversial subjects require more elaborate discussion and tabulation showing the merits of different approaches and modalities of treatment. In this monograph, no attempt is made to obtain a comprehensive bibliography, but the limitation in numbers is
Tobacco Smoking and Hyponatremia in Psychiatric Patients-Reply
Authors: Alexander Blum
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I have read the interesting article<sup>1</sup>that Dr Yium coauthored. It reports on a retrospective record review of ten patients with schizophrenia and hyponatremia. Eight of these ten patients were described as excessive water drinkers. Six of the eight polydipsic patients were smoking more than one pack of cigarettes a day. The hyponatremic patients were compared with a group of normonatremic schizophrenics and in regard to their smoking habits, no significant difference was found. However, there are unavoidable limitations to a retrospective study, and in addition, none of the normonatremic control group patients were polydipsic. Cigarette smoking is expected to cause hyponatremia by ADH-induced renal water retention only in case of simultaneous excessive hydration, as in polydipsia. I agree with Dr Yium that before drugs or hypothetical neuroendocrine dysfunction of schizophrenia are considered as causes of hyponatremia in polydipsic patients, etiological assessment of cigarette smoking—so prevalent among
Transcriptional Dynamics in Colorectal Carcinogenesis: New Insights into the Role of c-Myc and miR17 in Benign to Cancer Transformation
Authors: Eyal Ben-David, Assaf C. Bester, Sagiv Shifman, Batsheva Kerem
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Colorectal cancer develops in a sequential, evolutionary process, leading to a heterogenic tumor. Comprehensive molecular studies of colorectal cancer have been previously performed; still, the process of carcinogenesis is not fully understood. We utilized gene expression patterns from 94 samples including normal, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma colon biopsies and performed a coexpression network analysis to determine gene expression trajectories of 8,000 genes across carcinogenesis. We found that the majority of gene expression changes occur in the transition from normal tissue to adenoma. The upregulated genes, known to be involved in cellular proliferation, included c-Myc along with its targets. In a cellular model system, we show that physiologic upregulation of c-Myc can lead to cellular proliferation without DNA replication stress. Our analysis also found that carcinogenesis involves a progressive downregulation of genes that are markers of colonic tissue and propose that this reflects a perturbed differentiation of colon cells during carcinogenesis. The analysis of miRNAs targets pointed toward the involvement of miR17 in the regulation of colon cell differentiation. Finally, we found that copy-number variations (CNV) enriched in colon adenocarcinoma tend to occur in genes whose expression changes already in adenoma, with deletions occurring in genes downregulated and duplications in genes upregulated in adenomas. We suggest that the CNVs are selected to reinforce changes in gene expression, rather than initiate them. Together, these findings shed new light into the molecular processes that underlie the transformation of colon tissue from normal to cancer and add a temporal context that has been hitherto lacking. Cancer Res; 74(19); 5532–40. ©2014 AACR.
Two thirds of doctors in UK say the NHS could not cope with bird flu epidemic
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2006)

More than a third of doctors (38%) in United Kingdom believe that the government is not ready for a pandemic of avian influenza, a new survey has found, and more than two thirds (68%) fear that the NHS could not cope with an outbreak on the same scale as the 1918 Spanish flu outbreak.

The survey—which was conducted by the newspaper Hospital Doctor and Medix, an information website for doctors—of over 1000 GPs and hospital doctors also showed that just over a fifth (22%) feel that they are personally prepared for a pandemic, while 37% said they are badly or very badly prepared.

More than half (56%) had not received any information from …
Testicular Neoplasm in Identical Twins
Authors: Manuel Zevallos
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE SIMULTANEOUS and/or subsequent occurrence of neoplasms of a given organ system in twins is an uncommon event. The most frequently reported sites are the hematopoietic tissues, soft-tissue sarcomas, Wilms' tumor, glial tumors, and melanomas. In addition there are other well-defined familial syndromes associated with neoplasia. We report the discovery and treatment of ipsilateral testicular neoplasms in 21-year-old identical twin men. The father had been exposed to atomic radiation in the South Pacific nine months before the conception of the twins. The measured badge radiation was within "tolerance limits." This is the seventh reported case of testicular neoplasms in twins and the fifth set of monozygotic twins.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 21-year-old mentally retarded (IQ, 74) male twin was admitted to Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Los Angeles, in October 1974 because of an enlarged left testicle found during routine physical