tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF A FILTERABLE VIRUS (VIRUS III) ON THE GROWTH AND MALIGNANCY OF A TRANSPLANTABLE NEOPLASM OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce, Thomas M. Rivers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

A study of a malignant disease in rabbits has been made with reference to the presence or absence of a filterable virus, Virus III, in the tumor. The results are analyzed from the standpoint of certain characteristic features of the tumor process in order to determine any differences in degrees of malignancy. It was found that a more severe disease developed in the series in which the virus-bearing tumor was used than in the series in which the tumor was free of the virus, although the differences were not very marked and were not entirely constant. The influence of Virus III as a factor affecting malignancy has been discussed from the standpoint of its possible effect upon (α) the tumor cells and (b) the host reaction. It has been suggested that the greater malignancy of the pathological process usually induced by the virus-bearing tumor is attributable to a change in the response of the host to the tumor, which change is of the nature of a decreased resistance associated with the reaction of the host to the virus infection.
Defective expression of plectin/HD1 in epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy.
Authors: Y Gache, S Chavanas, J P Lacour, G Wiche, K Owaribe, G Meneguzzi, J P Ortonne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (MD-EBS) is a disease characterized by generalized blistering of the skin associated with muscular involvement. We report that the skin of three MD-EBS patients is not reactive with antibodies 6C6, 10F6, or 5B3 raised against the intermediate filament-associated protein plectin. Immunofluorescence and Western analysis of explanted MD-EBS keratinocytes confirmed a deficient expression of plectin, which, in involved skin, correlated with an impaired interaction of the keratin cytoskeleton with the hemidesmosomes. Consistent with lack of reactivity of MD-EBS skin to plectin antibodies, plectin was not detected in skeletal muscles of these patients. Impaired expression of plectin in muscle correlated with an altered labeling pattern of the muscle intermediate filament protein desmin. A deficient immunoreactivity was also observed with the monoclonal antibody HD121 raised against the hemidesmosomal protein HD1. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis showed that HD1 is expressed in Z-lines in normal skeletal muscle; whereas this expression is deficient in patient muscle. Colocalization of HD1 and plectin in normal skin and muscle, together with their impaired expression in MD-EBS tissues, strongly suggests that plectin and HD1 are closely related proteins. Our results therefore provide strong evidence that, in MD-EBS patients, the defective expression of plectin results in an aberrant anchorage of cytoskeletal structures in keratinocytes and muscular fibers leading to cell fragility.
A NEW THIERSCH GRAFT RAZOR
Authors: A. G. Bettman
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Plastic surgery is exacting in all its requirements; always so as to technic, often so as to instruments. Skin grafting is exacting in both regards. The greatest difficulty one has in cutting Thiersch grafts is in procuring a satisfactory cutting instrument. I have devised a knife that is simple and inexpensive and that serves the purpose well, giving a sharp edge at all times. It can be made in a few minutes, if necessary, from materials procurable anywhere. From the guard of a Durham Duplex safety razor, I removed the teeth from the left side at the line where the teeth join the body of the guard. This straight edge was then beveled, and the outer end was also beveled to facilitate the removal of the grafts from the knife. This completes the instrument. A guard which has a wider surface than the one ordinarily supplied may be provided.
Relationship of Serum Bilirubin to Toxicity in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With Single-Agent High-Dose Irinotecan
Authors: Andrew Kramar, Sophie Gourgou-Bourgade, Marc Ychou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

15th issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Meyerhardt et al 1 published a study showing that modest elevations of baseline bilirubin are associated with increased grade 3 to 4 neutropenia in patients treated with weekly irinotecan after having experienced disease progression or recurrence from fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.The authors base their conclusions on a secondary analysis of a cohort of 291 patients enrolled onto two clinical trials evaluating monotherapy irinotecan: either taking irinotecan once a week at the dose of 125 mg/m 2 for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period (95 patients), or once every 3 weeks at the dose of 350 mg/m 2 (88 patients) or 300 mg/m 2 (108 patients).We investigated these results in our study of 49 firstline patients treated with single-agent irinotecan every 3 weeks at the dose of 350 mg/m 2 at the first cycle, which could be escalated to 500 mg/m 2 for the second and subsequent cycles, depending on toxicity. 2One patient was not evaluated for initial bilirubin.Three patients had bilirubin values greater than 1.5 mg/dL but less than 1.7 mg/dL and were not included in this analysis in order to be comparable to the selection criteria of the Meyerhardt study.Thus, 45 patients were used for this analysis.Compared with the Meyerhardt study, the distribution of baseline bilirubin in our analysis was similar: 33%, 58%, and 9% in the 0 to 0.4, 0.5 to 0.9, and 1 to 1.5 mg/dL groups, respectively, in our study, compared with 33%, 55%, and 12% in the Meyerhardt study.Concerning toxicity, 60% of patients experienced grade 3 to 4 neutropenia in our study, compared with 30% in both of the clinical trials analyzed by Meyerhardt et al.Although our study concerns first-line patients, this higher level of maximum toxicity was to be
Abstract 4748: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway mediated by p110α regulates invadopodia formation
Authors: Hideki Yamaguchi, Kiyoko Fukami, Ryuichi Sakai
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) that is present in the basement membrane and tumor stroma is essential for local invasion and formation of metastatic sites by malignant cancer cells. Invadopodia are ECM-degrading protrusions formed by a variety of invasive cancer cell types and are thought to function in cancer invasion and metastasis. Many components of invadopodia, such as proteins involved in actin polymerization, cell signaling, and ECM degradation, have been reported to date. However, signaling pathways that link extracellular stimuli to invadopodia formation remain largely unknown. The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that produce D-3 phosphoinositides. PI3Ks mediate the signal transduction of extracellular stimuli and regulate diverse cellular events. Uncontrolled activation of the PI3K signaling pathway leads to several pathological phenomena, including tumorigenesis and tumor malignancy. We investigated the role of PI3K signaling during invadopodia formation. We found that in human breast cancer cells, both invadopodia formation and degradation of a gelatin matrix was blocked by treatment with PI3K inhibitors or sequestration of the PI3K product phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3]. Mammals have 8 PI3K enzymes that are subdivided into three general classes (I-III) on the basis of their domain structures and substrate specificities. Functional analyses revealed that among the PI3K family proteins, the class I PI3K catalytic subunit p110α is selectively involved in invadopodia formation. p110α is encoded by the PIK3CA gene, which is one of the most frequently amplified and mutated genes identified in human cancers. Clinical studies revealed that activating mutations of PIK3CA are associated with the development of invasive and metastatic phenotypes and poor patient prognosis. The expression of p110α with the activating mutations promoted invadopodia-mediated invasive activity. Furthermore, knocking down PDK1 and Akt, the downstream effectors of PI3K signaling, suppressed invadopodia formation induced by the p110α mutants. These data suggest that the PI3K signaling pathway via p110α regulates invadopodia-mediated invasion of breast cancer cells. Targeting p110α may be a potential therapeutic approach for controlling invasion of malignant cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4748. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4748
Legal Abortion in Eastern Europe
Authors: Christopher Tietze
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Data on legal abortion in Eastern Europe, based mainly on materials presented at the 1960 International Conference on Abortion, Problems and Abortion Control, held in Rostock-Warnemunde, East Germany, are discussed. In most countries of Eastern Europe, since 1955, abortion on demand of the mother or because of social indications has been legalized. East Germany, however, has not legalized abortion for other than medical reasons. By 1959, legal abortions had risen to one-tenth the number of live births in Poland, to one-third each in Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia, and exceeded live births in Hungary. Criminal abortion declined. Legal abortions have been restricted to the first 3 months of pregnancy unless there was a medical indication, and this provision resulted in very low death rates related to abortions in Hungary and Czechoslovakia (6/100,000 abortions). The low death rates compare favorably with mortality from all complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium in other advanced Western countries. It is concluded that while society's attitude toward induced abortion is a social and moral problem, that issue should not be clouded by unfounded claims of inherent procedural dangers.
Physicians for Human Rights and the Kurdish Refugee Crisis
Authors: David A. Bradt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Drs Geiger and Cook-Deegan<sup>1</sup>cites a Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) report on Kurdish refugee relief after the Gulf War. This report is said to have "contributed to a governmental decision to mount a more effective relief effort." This statement typifies the behavior of civilian disaster intervenors who self-assert their impact as humanitarian change agents in a military theatre. Sandler et al<sup>2</sup>reported on the PHR mission as follows: "After returning to the United States on April 15, we briefed individuals in those government agencies and the press. On April 16, US policy shifted away from merely delivering provisions by aerial drops to a more comprehensive public health emergency relief operation." Delightful is the notion that our errant military was guided in its relief strategy by PHR. The self-asserted claims of impact by civilians are not limited to military relief strategy. Claims
Successful Cognitive and Emotional Aging
Authors: Ross Andel
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Confidence intervals, medical housing need, and inappropriate statistics
Authors: C. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1986)

gesia has not been shown to be associated with increased perinatal mortality or morbidity, but the consequences of forceps delivery should not be dismissed too readily, as O'Driscoll and his colleagues have shown.5Safemanagementoflabour with increased availability and use of epidurals calls for a very high standard of obstetric and midwifery care, not just an increased number of consultant sessions in obstetric anaesthesia.
Measuring exposures to glycol ethers.
Authors: D E Clapp, D D Zaebst, R F Herrick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

In 1981, NIOSH began investigating the potential reproductive health effects resulting from exposures to a class of organic solvents known generically as glycol ethers (GE). This research was begun as a result of the NIOSH criteria document development program which revealed little data available on the health effects of glycol ether exposure. Toxicologic research was begun by NIOSH and other researchers which suggested substantial reproductive effects in animals. These animal data motivated a study of human exposures in the occupational setting. In 1981 and 1982 NIOSH conducted several walk-through surveys which included preliminary measurements of exposures in a variety of industries including painting trades, coal mining, production blending and distribution facilities, aircraft fueling, and communications equipment repair facilities. The human exposure data from these surveys is summarized in this paper with most results well below 1 parts per million (ppm) and only a few values approaching 10 ppm. Blood samples were collected at one site resulting in GE concentrations below the limit of detection. Exposures to airborne glycol ethers, in the industries investigated during the collection of this data, revealed several problems in reliably sampling GE at low concentrations. It became apparent, from the data and observations of work practices, that air monitoring alone provided an inadequate index of GE exposure. Further field studies of exposure to GE are anticipated, pending location of additional groups of exposed workers and development of more reliable methods for characterizing exposure, especially biological monitoring.
Respiratory Symptoms and Inflammation After a Smoking Ban
Authors: Sean Semple, Brian G. Miller, Fintan Hurley, Mark Petticrew, Jon G. Ayres
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Family Physician Pathway and Medical Student Career Choice
Authors: Theodore J. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In 1968 the University of Washington School of Medicine initiated a new curriculum that included a family physician pathway. Six of these classes have now graduated. Two thirds of the planned strategies for the pathway were actually implemented. Approximately half of the students in each second-year class now choose this pathway. Ninety percent of those graduating have done so in the traditional four years. Seventy-three percent of those in the pathway actually pursued family practice training on graduation. Approximately one third of all University of Washington graduates now enter training for family practice, one third enter internal medicine, 10% enter surgical fields, and 8% enter pediatrics. These rates represent significant increases in the proportion of students entering directly into family practice, internal medicine, and pediatrics training.
Sir Paul Chamber's inquiry.
Authors: A T Rogers, D R Cook, G Barwell, R V Goodliffe, R G Troup
Journal: BMJ (1972)

4) The composition of the control group is not given.What this careful study of plasma renin activity and aldosterone excretion does show again is that patients in an accelerated or malignant phase of hypertension tend to have higher renin levels, as the high renin group included patients with high pressures, retinal exudates, and renal failure.All the controlled trials demonstrating the efficacy of blood pressure reduction in lowuering the incidence of strokes and hypertensive heart failure have included diuretic therapy.We think it unwise to suggest on the evidence presented by Brunner et al. that hypertensive patients with low renin levels should be denied the undoubted benefits of such therapy because of its effects on renin levels.For the moment, the level of arterial pressure and the clinical evidence of its effects must remain the most important factors in determining whether or not a patient should be treated.-Weare, etc.,
Warfarin-Related Bleeding in the Elderly
Authors: Louis Fiore
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 April 1997Warfarin-Related Bleeding in the ElderlyLouis Fiore, MDLouis Fiore, MDBoston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, MA 02130Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Fihn and colleagues [1] have further fueled the controversy about how much, if at all, increasing age contributes to the risk for hemorrhage in patients who are treated with oral anticoagulant agents. It is difficult to reconcile the nearly contradictory conclusions of their recent study that “age did not appear to be an important determinant of risk for bleeding” but that “the single exception was life-threatening and fatal complications in patients 80 years of age or older (relative risk, 4.6).” The authors report that octogenarians have an astonishingly high absolute annual risk of 3.38% for life-threatening and ...References1. Fihn SD, Callahan CM, Martin DC, McDonell MB, Henikoff JG, White RH. The risk for and severity of bleeding complications in elderly patients treated with warfarin. The National Consortium of Anticoagulation Clinics. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:970-9. Google Scholar2. Levine M, Raskob GE, Landefeld CS, Hirsh J. Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant treatment. Chest. 1995; 108:276S-90S. Google Scholar3. Laupacis A, Albers G, Dalen J, Dunn M, Feinberg W, Jacobson A. Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Chest. 1995; 108:352-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, MA 02130 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByWarfarin Prophylaxis following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty 15 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 8Page: 660KeywordsAnticoagulantsAtrial fibrillationElderlyHemorrhageProspective studiesRelative riskRisk managementStroke Issue Published: 15 April 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Haemoglobin concentration and linear cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and oxygen transport
Authors: J S Milledge
Journal: BMJ (1986)

lithotripsy debate once again reinforces the truth that we do not.Patients in this country are being treated with methods now outmoded in com- parable Westernised societies-for example, the large number of open prostatectomies still being performed by general surgeons' while patients in the rest of the world are treated with less traumatic and sophisticated transurethral resection.We currently have the lowest rate of lithotripsy per head in the West apart from Egypt.The Department of Health 4nd Social Security-was informed five years ago that lithotripsy would become a principal technique for treating renal stones, and it is the DHSS that has inhibited our patients from benefiting-from this highly effective and atraumatic procedure.The controlled trial is a heaven sent opportunity to avoid making a commitment.We are hardly determining here whether a pink pill is slightly better than a green one: the
Quality Measurement and Improvement in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Authors: Paul Frey, Ann Connors, Frederic S. Resnic
Journal: Circulation (2012)

A 46-year-old man with a past medical history significant for morbid obesity (body mass index of 66), hypertension, tobacco use, and dyslipidemia presented to an outside hospital with a non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction and was transferred for coronary angiography.Femoral arterial access was obtained for an uncomplicated percutaneous intervention (PCI) with the use of unfractionated heparin and a glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitor.After successful PCI of the right coronary artery with drug-eluting stent implantation, the femoral arteriotomy was closed without complication.Two hours after the completion of the procedure, the patient experienced ventricular fibrillation and respiratory arrest requiring prolonged resuscitation with a subsequent hematocrit level noted to be 12.5%.The patient was resuscitated with fluid and blood products.Emergent angiography showed no active iliofemoral contrast extravasation and a widely patent coronary stent.An abdominal CT scan without contrast confirmed the diagnosis of a retroperitoneal hemorrhage.Unfortunately, the patient experienced recurrent ventricular fibrillation, and he died despite additional resuscitative efforts.