tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly--a North Wales experience
Authors: M. Asghar, V. Adhiyaman, M W Greenway, B. K Bhowmick, A Bates
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is predominantly a disease of the elderly. Most of the existing data come from studies done several decades ago. We examined the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, management and outcome in elderly patients with CSDH by retrospective study of the period 1996-1999 in the three district hospitals of North Wales. 40 cases of CSDH were identified in patients >65 years, the incidence in this population being 8.2/100,000. Falls (57%) and antithrombotic therapy (33%) were the most frequent risk factors. The most common presenting features were altered mental state (52%) and focal neurological deficit (50%). 24 patients (60%) underwent surgical intervention with 4 deaths (17%). In the non-operated group mortality was 7/16 (44%). Most of the deaths in this series were due either to CSDH or to the complications of frailty and poor mobility. Surgery itself was generally successful.
Oral glutamine in the prevention of fluorouracil induced intestinal toxicity: a double blind, placebo controlled, randomised trial
Authors: B Daniele
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> 5-Fluorouracil (FU) in association with folinic acid (FA) is the most frequently used chemotherapeutic agent in colorectal cancer but it often causes diarrhoea. Animal and human studies suggest that glutamine stimulates intestinal mucosal growth. <h3>AIM</h3> To determine if oral glutamine prevents changes in intestinal absorption (IA) and permeability (IP) induced by FU/FA. <h3>METHODS</h3> Seventy chemotherapy naive patients with colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to oral glutamine (18 g/day) or placebo before the first cycle of FU (450 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) and FA (100 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) administered intravenously for five days. Treatment was continued for 15 days, starting five days before the beginning of chemotherapy. IA (d-xylose urinary excretion) and IP (cellobiose-mannitol test) were assessed at baseline and four and five days after the end of the first cycle of chemotherapy, respectively. Patients kept a daily record of diarrhoea, scored using the classification system of the National Cancer Institute (Bethesda, Maryland, USA). Duration of diarrhoea was recorded and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each patient. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Baseline patient characteristics and basal values of IP and IA tests were similar in the two arms. After one cycle of chemotherapy, the reduction in IA (d-xylose absorption) was more marked in the placebo arm (7.1% <i>v</i> 3.8%; p=0.02); reduction of IP to mannitol was higher in the placebo arm (9.2%<i>v</i> 4.5%; p=0.02); and urinary recovery of cellobiose was not different between the study arms (p=0.60). Accordingly, the cellobiose-mannitol ratio increased more in the placebo arm (0.037 <i>v</i> 0.012; p=0.04). Average AUC of diarrhoea (1.9 <i>v</i> 4.5; p=0.09) and average number of loperamide tablets taken (0.4<i>v</i> 2.6; p=0.002) were reduced in the glutamine arm. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Glutamine reduces changes in IA and IP induced by FU and may have a protective effect on FU induced diarrhoea.
The Pharmacology of Sympathomimetic and Blocking Drugs in the Treatment of Shock.
Authors: Domingo M. Aviado
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964The Pharmacology of Sympathomimetic and Blocking Drugs in the Treatment of Shock.Domingo M. Aviado, M.D.Domingo M. Aviado, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-797_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe use of drugs to treat shock is based on one or more of the following types of actions: vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, and reversal of some of the vicious cycles in the production of shock. There are four groups of drugs useful in the treatment of shock.1.Predominately vasoconstrictors, such as angiotensin, methoxamine, and phenylephrine. The last two are sympathomimetic drugs with pure vasoconstrictor action. The major hemodynamic pattern accompanying the rise in systemic blood pressure is an elevation in total systemic vascular resistance but a fall in cardiac output. Levarterenol, although a predominant vasoconstrictor, can potentially stimulate the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 797-798KeywordsCardiac outputDrugsFallsHemodynamicsNorepinephrinePharmacologyPhenylephrineShockSystemic vascular resistanceVasoconstriction Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Selective generation of CD8+ T-cell clones from the peripheral blood of patients with cutaneous reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics
Authors: M. HERTL, J. GEISEL, C. BOECKER, H.F. MERK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The presence, phenotype, and functional characteristics of peripheral blood penicillin-specific T lymphocytes in individuals with cutaneous allergic reactions to penicillin were investigated using in vitro long-term culture techniques. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two penicillin-allergic patients were stimulated in vitro with penicillin, and T-cell blasts were clonally expanded by limiting dilution. Seven T-cell clones were derived, all of which were CD3+ CD4- CD8+ HLA-DR+, and produced IL-2 and IFN-gamma upon stimulation. T-cell proliferation required the presence of antigen and autologous, but not allogeneic, antigen-presenting cells. In addition to the parent compound, the T-cell clones also developed a proliferative response to penicilloyl, the major metabolite of penicillin. The cloned T-cell lines were found to exhibit marked suppressor activity for Con A mitogenesis. The observed suppressor activity required cell-to-cell contact, as supernatants from these T-cell clones had no comparable inhibitory effect. These findings indicate that there is a predominance of penicillin-specific CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of individuals sensitized to beta-lactam antibiotics.
EXPERIMENTS ON CANCER-PRODUCING SUBSTANCES
Authors: E. L. Kennaway
Journal: BMJ (1925)

IN a previous paper' the production of cancer by a mixture of compounds formed from isoprene (2-methiyl butadlieine CH2 = C -C = CH2)C H3 H at about 8200 C. was recorded.In the presenit paper further experiments oni the formation by leat of cancer-producing materials are described.The inine products tested were
Evidence that transesophageal echocardiography can reliably and directly measure the aortic valve area in patients with aortic stenosis — A new application that is independent of LV function and does not require Doppler data
Authors: Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran, Robert Foley, Andrew Weintraub, Jeffrey Wahl, Gary Mintz, Steven Schwartz, Natesa Pandian, Demetrios Kimbiris
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Normal distribution and medullary-to-cortical shift of Nestin-expressing cells in acute renal ischemia
Authors: D. Patschan, T. Michurina, H.K. Shi, S. Dolff, S.V. Brodsky, T. Vasilieva, L. Cohen-Gould, J. Winaver, P.N. Chander, G. Enikolopov, M.S. Goligorsky
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
The diaphragm as an anti-reflux barrier: A manometric, oesophagoscopic, and transmucosal potential study
Authors: K. S. Habibulla
Journal: Thorax (1972)

An infusion technique was used to measure pressures at the lower end of the oesophagus in normal patients and in those with hiatus hernia. These studies show a band of raised pressure at the lower end of the oesophagus in normal patients. This band was abnormally long in the majority of patients with hiatus hernia, but in others it resolved into two bands, particularly in patients with hiatus hernia and a short oesophagus. When the distance between these two bands was compared with the length of the oesophagogastric junction above the hiatus radiologically and at oesophagoscopy, a significant correlation was found. It, therefore, is postulated that one of these bands is produced by the inferior oesophageal sphincter and the other by the diaphragm, and thus it is demonstrated that the diaphragm must be included among the factors controlling reflux.
Prevalence and clinical course of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and rate of HCV vertical transmission in a cohort of 15,250 pregnant women
Authors: Dario Conte, Mirella Fraquelli, Daniele Prati, Alice Colucci, Eliseo Minola
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The prevalence and natural course of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was evaluated in 15,250 consecutive pregnant women. The rate of HCV vertical and perinatal transmission was also assessed. The presence of anti-HCV was tested by means of EIA III and confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay III. Alanine transaminase (ALT), anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and HCV-RNA were tested during the first month and third trimester of pregnancy, and 6 months after delivery; the same tests were made in all of the newborns of anti-HCV-positive mothers at birth (on cord blood samples) and then at 4-month intervals. Anti-HCV positivity was found in 370 cases (2.4%), 72% of whom were also HCV-RNA-positive. The proportion of women with hypertransaminases decreased from 56.4% at the first examination during the first month of pregnancy to 7.4% in the last trimester, and then increased again after delivery (54. 5%), without any concomitant changes in the proportion of those with viremia. The proportion of anti-HCV- and HCV-RNA-positive newborns was 5.1% after 1 year (8 of 155), all of whom had the same genotype as their mother. The rate of HCV transmission was not affected by the type of delivery or feeding, or the HIV status of the mother. The results of this large-scale study confirm previous data in smaller series concerning the prevalence of HCV infection in pregnant women, and strongly support the hypothesis of a favorable (possibly immunomediated) effect of pregnancy on liver cell necrosis in anti-HCV-positive women.
AN UNUSUAL HEMATOLOGIC REACTION TO NEOARSPHENAMINE
Authors: MURRAY L. RICH
Journal: JAMA (1933)

During recent years, numerous reports of blood dyscrasias occurring in the course of the arsenical treatment of syphilis have appeared in the literature. Although they are undoubtedly of rare occurrence, as indicated by Cole and his co-workers,<sup>1</sup>who found only two such complications in a series of 78,350 injections given to 1,212 patients, they are of sufficient interest to have attention drawn to them. McCarthy and Wilson<sup>2</sup>recently reviewed seventynine cases and added two more of their own. From their analysis of this series they concluded that there are three main divisions into which these cases can be divided: (1) thrombocytopenic, (2) granulocytopenic and agranulocytic and (3) aplastic. The chief symptoms of the first group, purpura and bleeding, appeared immediately or within four hours in seven of the twelve cases, while the symptoms of the other two groups as a rule did not appear for several days or
Management Of Nephrolithiasis: New Approaches To
Authors: A. Mulley
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1988)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Friday and weekend hospital stays: effects on mortality
Authors: Samy Suissa, Sophie Dell’Aniello, Daniel Suissa, Pierre Ernst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

While weekend hospital admissions are associated with higher mortality, the effects of weekend hospital stays are not known. We assessed whether patients hospitalised for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pneumonia have higher mortality during weekend and Friday stays. Our cohort consisted of all hospitalisations for COPD or pneumonia during 1990–2007 from the healthcare databases of the province of Quebec, Canada. The hazard ratio (HR) of in-patient death associated with Friday and weekend stay was estimated by the Cox model with time-dependent covariates, adjusted for age, sex and comorbidity. The cohort included 323 895 hospitalisations for COPD or pneumonia during which 32 414 deaths occurred (rate of death 8.06 per 1000 per day). Mortality was higher for weekend (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09) but not Friday admissions (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–1.00), relative to Monday–Thursday admissions. Independently of the admission day, mortality was higher during weekend stays (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.09) and Friday stays (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08), relative to Monday–Thursday stays. Patients hospitalised for COPD or pneumonia are at increased risk of death when staying over on a Friday or a weekend. The additional 40–56 deaths per 100 000 patients staying in hospital on those days are most likely due to reduced access to healthcare at that time.
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, FOLLOWING ILEOSTOMY
Authors: CLAUDE F. DIXON
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The acute toxemia resulting from disturbance of the normal motor mechanism of the upper intestinal tract has been investigated in recent years, and it is now known that with high intestinal intoxication there may be no actual mechanical obstruction or vomiting. This work points indirectly to the possibility of equally serious results from more chronic types of physiologic disturbance in the intestinal tract. It has been shown that toxic substances may be derived from protein. Iwao<sup>1</sup>produced very marked anemia resembling the pernicious type by injecting tyramin into animals. This substance has been isolated from decomposing meat, and has been produced by the action of colon bacilli on tyrosin. Colon bacilli are normally found in the ileum; Hurst<sup>2</sup>and Wichels<sup>3</sup>also found them in the stomach and very abundantly in the small intestines in cases of pernicious anemia. Under normal conditions, the colon bacillus in the small
Abstract LB-40: Autophagy prevents leukemogenesis by protecting normal hematopoietic stem cells from transforming to leukemia stem cells
Authors: Na Yuan, Qi Wang, Aihong Zhang, Weiwei Lin, Lei Liu, Suping Zhang, Yan Cao, Fei Xu, Yue Kong, Lanzi Li, Tiehan Xu, Si Chen, Tongyuan Lu, Wenli Zhao, Xueguang Zhang, Jianrong Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Leukemia has long been considered unpreventable, and how leukemogenesis is initially triggered remains largely unknown. We observed that autophagy is frequently downregulated in the hematopoietic stem cells of various types of leukemia patients. Using a conditional Becn1 knockout mouse model, we found that impaired autophagy results in rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes DNA damages, genome instabilities and chromosomal translocations of hematopoietic stem cells, leading to their transformation to leukemia stem cells, ultimately attributed to various leukemogenenesis. Restoration of autophagy in the hematopoietic stem cells of the autophagy defective mice by constitutive expression of Becn1 could clean up ROS, inhibit DNA damages and chromosomal translocations, and block the transformation of hematopoietic stem cells to leukemia stem cells, ultimately inhibiting leukemogenesis. Furthermore, enhancement of autophagy by rapamycin could effectively remove the ROS experimentally induced in hematopoietic stem cells and eliminate the leukemia stem cells either transplanted to wild-type recipient mice or transformed from normal hematopoietic stem cells due to pharmacological inhibition of autophagy. Our data thus suggest that autophagy prevent leukemogenesis by protecting normal hematopoietic stem cells from transforming to leukemia stem cells and that leukemia prevention is possible by securing autophagy machinery in hematopoietic stem cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-40. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-40
RIGHT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL MYOCARDIAL STRAIN INCREASES IN RESPONSE TO INCREASED HEMODYNAMIC STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE REFERRED FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Matthew E. Harinstein, Ravi Sharma, Mukul Khanna, Sanaz Bedzadeh Naraki, Michael Mathier, Paulo Fontes, Raymond Planinsic, Kathy Edelman, William Katz, Ngel Lopez-Candales
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Lamivudine for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B and Advanced Liver Disease
Authors: Yun-Fan Liaw, Joseph J Y Sung, Wan Cheng Chow, Geoffrey Farrell, Cha-Ze Lee, Hon Yuen, Tawesak Tanwandee, Qi-Min Tao, Kelly Shue, Oliver N Keene, Jonathan S Dixon, D Fraser Gray, Jan Sabbat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The effectiveness of antiviral therapy in preventing disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis is unknown.
Apoptosis-resistant phenotype of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma is not mediated by somatic mutations within genes encoding members of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC)
Authors: R. K. Thomas, R. Schmitz, A. C. Harttrampf, A. Abdil-Hadi, C. Wickenhauser, V. Distler, M.-L. Hansmann, J. L. Schultze, R. KüPPERS, J. Wolf
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
FRI0524 Elevated HMGB1 and Decreased Micrornas Expression in Polymyositis: Potential Contributions to Muscle Inflammation and Degeneration
Authors: X.-M. Shu, Q.-L. Peng, X. Lu, G.-C. Wang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The cause of muscle weakness and inflammation has not yet been elucidated in polymyositis. Many factors other than muscle fiber damage induced by inflammatory cells and their products called damage associated with molecular patterns (DAMPs) may be the major contributors to impair muscle tissue. HMGB1 is a damage associated with molecular pattern which may be involved in inflammatory diseases. MicroRNAs (miRs) are evolutionarily conserved small RNAs that post- transcriptionally regulate gene expression and have emerged as critical regulators of skeletal muscle development. However, it is still unknown whether HMGB1 and miRs are related with inflammation and degenerative process of muscle in PM. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study is to determine whether HMGB1 and miRs are related with inflammation and degenerative process of muscle in PM, and explore the feasibility of detecting miRs expression profiles in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) skeletal muscle tissues from PM patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Damage associated molecular pattern HMGB1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. A group of miRs profiles including miR-21p, miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146-5p, miR150-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-2-3p were detected by RT-PCR in skeletal muscles embedded in paraffin from 13 adult disease-onset PM patients, and 6 non-myositis muscle controls. <h3>Results</h3> We observed increased expression of HMGB1 in polymyositis compared with non-myositis muscle tissues (P&lt;0.05). Further, we observed decreased expression of miR-23b-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146-5p, as well as miR-150-5p in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skeletal muscle tissues from PM patients compared with non-myositis muscle control (all <i>P</i>&lt;0.005). Both elevated HMGB1 and decreased miRs were related with inflammation and degeneration of muscle in PM. Importantly, HMGB1 was significantly inversely correlated with decreased miRs expression in polymyositis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of detecting microRNA expression profiling in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skeletal muscle tissues and have shown that HMGB1 was significantly inversely correlated with decreased miRs expression, which both promote muscle inflammation and degeneration in polymyosits. <h3>References</h3> Oshikawa Y, Jinin M, Makino T, et al. Decreased miR-7 Expression in the Skin and Sera of Patients with Dermatomyositis. Acta Derm Venereol 2012; 92. Georgantas RW, Streicher K, Greenberg SA, et al. Inhibition of myogenic MicroRNAs-1, 133, and 206 by inflammatory cytokines links inflammation and muscle degeneration in adult inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Nov 27. doi: 10.1002/art.38292. [Epub ahead of print]. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4025
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF IN VITRO ENDOCYTOSIS OF T2 PHAGE BY CELLS FROM RABBIT PERITONEAL EXUDATE
Authors: Rita Aronow, David Danon, Avraham Shahar, Moshe Aronson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Macrophages from rabbit peritoneal exudate cells incubated in vitro with T2 bacteriophage from 10 up to 120 minutes show phage particles adsorbed to cell membranes, in the process of being engulfed by means of rhopheocytosis, micropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and localized within dense vacuoles, semi-dense vacuoles, and clear vacuoles of the cytoplasm. The electronmicrographs suggest that newly formed endocytic vacuoles containing phage particles fuse with one another and also fuse with dense bodies of the cytoplasm as they migrate towards the cell interior, thus yielding larger vacuoles of varying densities containing higher concentrations of phage. The polymorphonuclear cells present in a small proportion in the peritoneal exudate cells also endocytosed phage particles. The T2 particles are found in large cytoplasmic vacuoles surrounded by an electron-opaque material presumably derived from cytoplasmic granules. No disintegration of T2 phage within the macrophage following incubations up to 120 minutes could be demonstrated; however, disrupted phage particles were noted within cytoplasmic vacuoles of polymorphonuclear leucocytes after 15 minutes' incubation.
A TLR and Non-TLR Mediated Innate Response to Lentiviruses Restricts Hepatocyte Entry and Can be Ameliorated by Pharmacological Blockade
Authors: Judith Agudo, Albert Ruzo, Kipyegon Kitur, Ravi Sachidanandam, J Magarian Blander, Brian D Brown
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated gene transfer is a promising method of gene therapy. We previously reported that systemic injection of HIV-based LV triggers a transient inflammatory response. Here, we carried out studies to better characterize this response, and to develop a strategy to overcome the adverse effects of interferon (IFN) on LV-mediated gene transfer. We profiled gene expression in the liver after LV administration using deep-sequencing (RNA-seq), and identified several innate response pathways. We examined the response to LV in MyD88-TRIF knockout mice, which are incapable of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Unexpectedly, the IFN response to LV was not reduced in the liver indicating that a non-TLR pathway can recognize LV in this organ. Indeed, blocking reverse transcription with azidothymidine (AZT) reduced the IFN response only in the liver, suggesting that proviral DNA can be a trigger. To block the inflammatory response, we pretreated mice with a short course of dexamethasone (Dex). At 4 hours post-treatment, all the IFN-induced genes were normalized. By blocking the inflammatory response, hepatocyte transduction was dramatically increased, which in turn doubled the level of human factor IX (FIX) produced by a hepatocyte-specific LV. Our studies uncover new insights into LV-induced immune responses in the liver, and provide a means to increase the safety and efficiency of LV-mediated gene transfer.