tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Context Matters! Why Termsof Transaction as Well as Autonomy Should Be Analyzed in the Context of Low-Income Countries
Authors: Sharon Bassan
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size NotesFor different grounds to measure the fairness of the transaction see Wertheimer (Citation1999, chap. 7).See Wertheimer (Citation1999, 298), criticizing the view of background conditions as constructing exploitation; and see Hill (Citation1993, 679), arguing that although socioeconomic disparity can often an indicator for injustice, it is not a necessary condition.See Hill (Citation1993, 633), arguing that exploitation involves claims of psychological compulsion or coercion.
F-18 FDG PET-CT Imaging in the Care-Management of a Patient With Pan-Aortitis and Coronary Involvement
Authors: Luca Ceriani, Michel Oberson, Claudio Marone, Augusto Gallino, Luca Giovanella
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

The diagnosis of aortitis and the assessment of its activity and extent remain a challenge. Traditional diagnostic approaches mainly based on the angiographic characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging did not showed high specificity for active inflammation in the vessel wall. F-18 FDG PET particularly with the CT coregistered technique has recently been reported to be useful in the diagnosis of inflammatory vascular diseases because activated inflammatory cells over-express glucose transporters and accumulate an increased amount of FDG. The authors report a case of pan-aortitis where F-18 FDG PET-CT confirmed the diagnosis demonstrating a more widespread vascular involvement, including the left main coronary artery and predicted the evolution of inflammatory disease not responding to therapy.
Abstract 1037: WISP3/CCN6 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor initiating cell properties in triple negative breast cancer cells through Slug
Authors: Wei Huang, Kathy A. Toy, Celina G. Kleer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Although triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) constitute 10%-20% of all breast cancers, they are aggressive tumors with higher recurrence and poorer prognosis than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBCs frequently exhibit features of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and are enriched in breast tumor initiating cells (BTICs). Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant activation of the EMT program induces stem cell features in breast cells, suggesting that blocking the cross-talk between EMT and stemness may be an effective treatment for TNBCs. WISP3/CCN6, a secreted matrix associated protein, is expressed in normal breast tissues and is decreased in aggressive breast cancer samples. We have shown that CCN6 knockdown in nontumorigenic breast cells triggers EMT and invasion. We hypothesize that CCN6 regulates the cross-talk between EMT and BTICs pathways in TNBCs. Methods: We overexpressed CCN6 in the TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231, SUM-159 and MDA-MB-436, which are aggressive and exhibit a mesenchymal-like phenotype and low endogenous CCN6 expression. We tested the effect of CCN6 overexpression in these cell lines using motility and invasion assays in vitro. Stem cell features were investigated by mammosphere assays, and the ALDEFLUOR assay by flow cytometry. We developed mammary xenografts in nude mice using serial dilutions to investigate the role of CCN6 in tumor initiation and metastasis. Results: Overexpression of CCN6 inhibits cell motility and invasion, and leads to phenotypic changes of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), with downregulation of the mesenchymal cell marker vimentin, increased epithelial marker cytokeratin, and decreased protein levels of the EMT transcription factor Slug. CCN6 overexpression significantly decreased the ALDEFLUOR-positive population and mammosphere formation of TNBC cell lines. In vivo, CCN6 overexpression delayed tumor initiation and reduced metastasis in human breast cancer xenografts. Slug reconstitution was sufficient to rescue the effects of CCN6 on MET and stem cell properties of TNBCs. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that CCN6 regulates EMT and tumor initiating cell features in TNBC at least in part through Slug. Further, our study suggests that CCN6 may be a novel regulator of the EMT-stem cell cross talk in TNBC, with possible clinical application. Citation Format: Wei Huang, Kathy A. Toy, Celina G. Kleer. WISP3/CCN6 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor initiating cell properties in triple negative breast cancer cells through Slug. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1037. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1037
Down’s syndrome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in four consecutive BFM trials
Authors: M Dördelmann, M Schrappe, A Reiter, M Zimmermann, N Graf, G Schott, F Lampert, J Harbott, C Niemeyer, J Ritter, W Dörffel, G Neßler, J Kühl, H Riehm
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
A method for culturing human hair follicle cells
Authors: P.J.J.M. Weterings, A.J.M. Vermorken, H. Bloemendal†
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

For the first time a method for culturing human hair follicle cells is described. The bovine eye lens capsule, a basement membrane-like structure, is used as the substrate for the cultures. In a culture medium supplemented with hydrocortisone and insulin about 70% of the original follicles will form growing colonies of diploid keratinocytes.
Bubble Boy-Reply
Authors: Raymond J. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  David's parents conceived him not on the 50% chance of having SCID but on the basis of the bubble and the optimistic projections of the medical team for finding a cure. The team did a disservice to the family in offering them this unwarranted hope for a cure, especially in the days immediately following the death of their first son having SCID. The Bubble Boy was conceived approximately four weeks after the death of his brother. Sometime during those weeks of grief the family received genetic counseling from the medical team.  That the putative leader of the medical team (a PhD gnotobiologist, not an MD as Rennie states) was a Brother of the Roman Catholic church was probably unhelpful rather than helpful and probably represents in this case a conflict of interest. While this no doubt added to the family's trust in the medical team, this case called
Recurrence of Mitral Valve Regurgitation After Mitral Valve Repair in Degenerative Valve Disease
Authors: A.J. Poncelet
Journal: Circulation (2003)

To the Editor:In their study, Flameng et al 1 raised a word of caution in early repair for patients with moderate mitral regurgitation.The authors provide unquestionable echocardiographic data showing that mitral repair is not consistently stable over time.First, this series represents a single surgeon's experience of patients operated on over an extended period of time, although this information is not provided in the article.Similarly, median follow-up is not provided and would have been much appreciated for interpretation of the Kaplan-Meier curves.In their Kaplan-Meier analysis, the authors gave dual information, as follows: first, they analyzed patients with grade II, III, and IV mitral regurgitation (MR) and compared them with patients who had grade I MR or no MR.Secondly, they performed similar analyses for patients with grade III and IV MR and compared them with patients who had grade I or II MR or no MR.When analyzing for predictors of recurrence, the authors differentiate patients with severe mitral regurgitation (grade III or IV) from the remaining patients, leading to different numbers of patients (28 versus 214 patients).Analysis of groups differentiating moderate to severe (grade II, III, or IV) from absent to mild (grade 0 or I) would have resulted in similar numbers of patients in each group, giving more power to the statistical analysis, and might have brought up other predictive factors of recurrence.Finally, they analyzed two subgroups according to the presence of "surgical risk factors."Even without surgical risk factor, the yearly recurrence rate of MR greater than grade II was 2.5%.The latter group included bileaflet disease patients, an established risk factor for recurrence.Those should have been included in the first subgroup.The results of such analysis might have somewhat modified the authors' note of caution on repair durability.This study did not focus on the influence of the year of surgery, although we know from the Mayo Clinic group 2 that within a decade, the yearly rate of reoperation dropped from 2.5% to 1% for bileaflet lesions and from 1% to 0.5% for posterior leaflet lesions.Introducing new surgical techniques and abandoning older ones, such as chordal shortening, significantly improved the durability of anterior leaflet repairs.When discussing the appropriateness of early surgical repair, we believe that the authors should take into account the increased yearly attrition rate of asymptomatic patients with moderate MR treated medically, as clearly demonstrated by Ling et al. 3
Assessing the Risk of Recurrence in Breast Cancer
Authors: James N. Ingle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The article by Tandon et al.1 in this issue of the Journal highlights one of the most important areas of research in clinical oncology today — the search for better means of predicting the risk of a recurrence in women after local and regional treatment of breast cancer that appears to be localized. The population of women to whom such information is directly applicable is large; an estimated 150,000 women will be given a diagnosis of breast cancer in 1990 (Silverberg E: personal communication), and about half will have disease that is apparently confined to the breast, with no axillary-lymph-node . . .
Can serial exercise testing improve the prediction of coronary events in asymptomatic individuals?
Authors: R A Josephson, E Shefrin, E G Lakatta, L J Brant, J L Fleg
Journal: Circulation (1990)

An abnormal ST segment response to treadmill exercise has a low predictive value for future coronary events (angina pectoris, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or cardiac death) in apparently healthy individuals. To determine whether the conversion from a normal to an abnormal ST segment response might identify individuals at high risk for a future coronary event, we analyzed the results of serial exercise tests performed at 2-4-year intervals in 726 male and female volunteers, aged 22-84 years (mean, 55.1 years), from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). All subjects were free of cardiovascular disease at entry by history, physical examination, and resting 12-lead electrocardiogram. Over a mean overall follow-up of 7.4 years, coronary events occurred in 34 of 178 (19.1%) of those with an abnormal ST response to exercise versus 30 of 548 (5.5%) in those with a normal response (p = 0.001). Angina pectoris was the most common presenting coronary event regardless of ST segment exercise response. Among individuals with an abnormal ST segment response, the incidence of events was virtually identical between those with an initially abnormal response (group 1) and those who converted from a normal to an abnormal response (group 2), 19.8% versus 18.5%. After adjustment for standard coronary risk factors by proportional hazards regression analysis, the risk of a coronary event relative to subjects with persistently normal ST segment responses (group 3) remained nearly identical in the two groups, 2.72 in group 1 (p less than 0.003) and 2.80 in group 2 (p less than 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THROMBOTIC OCCLUSION OF AORTA
Authors: Bernardo Milanes
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:—  In the article Thrombotic Occlusion of Aorta as demonstrated by Translumbar Aortograms by Robert V. Elliott, M.D., and Mordant E. Peck, M.D., published inThe Journalof Feb. 9, 1952, there is possibly an involuntary error in the following statement: We know of only four such cases previously reported in the English literature; for there is an article in Surgery (Observations on Chronic Obstruction of the Abdominal Aorta, 28 :684-698 [Oct.] 1950) written by my coworkers and me, where there are 13 cases of Leriche syndrome diagnosed by translumbar and retrograde aortograms.  I also want to make it clear that Dos Santos is neither Spanish nor a urologist, but Portuguese and a surgeon, and has dedicated himself for a quarter of a century to the study of vascular diseases.
Rich countries pledge to help poor nations fight tobacco
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Rich countries pledge to help poor nations fight tobacco Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Tuberculous Meningitis of the Sylvian Fissure
Authors: WILLIAM C. KLINGENSMITH, JESUS DATU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

A 66-year-old woman had autopsy-proven miliary tuberculosis, with regional involvement of the meninges of the left Sylvian fissure. Radionuclide studies of the brain demonstrated the unusual findings of increased perfusion to the left hemisphere and linear increased activity corresponding to the left Sylvian fissure. Computed tomography of the brain was initially within normal limits at a time when the radionuclide study was clearly abnormal.
Surgeons' Dispatch from Cange, Haiti
Authors: Stephen R. Sullivan, Helena O.B. Taylor, Thierry Pauyo, Michael L. Steer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The roosters were curiously quiet. As daily aftershocks continued to rock Haiti, the usual chatter of animals in this rural clinic in Cange was replaced by the roar of cars and ambulances rushing in from Port-au-Prince. With most of the hospitals in the capital city devastated by the January 12 earthquake, the once-remote hospital that was set up to serve the rural poor had become a destination of choice for people injured in the capital. Thanks to the work of Boston-based Partners in Health (PIH) and its Haitian sister organization, Zanmi Lasante (ZL), medical care in Haiti has improved over . . .
Induction of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation by carcinogenic chromate: relationship to DNA damage, genotoxicity, and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis.
Authors: F C Manning, L J Blankenship, J P Wise, J Xu, L C Bridgewater, S R Patierno
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Hexavalent chromium (Cr) compounds are respiratory carcinogens in humans and animals. Treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with 150 and 300 microM sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) for 2 hr decreased colony-forming efficiency by 46 and 92%, respectively. These treatments induced dose-dependent internucleosomal fragmentation of cellular DNA beyond 24 hr after chromate treatment. This fragmentation pattern is characteristic of apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death. These treatments also induced an immediate inhibition of macromolecular synthesis and delayed progression of cells through S-phase of the cell cycle. Cell growth (as evidenced by DNA synthesis) was inhibited for at least 4 days and transcription remained suppressed for at least 32 hr. Many of the cells that did progress to metaphase exhibited chromosome damage. Chromate caused the dose-dependent formation of DNA single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links, but these were repaired 8 and 24 hr after removal of the treatment, respectively. In contrast, Cr-DNA adducts (up to 1/100 base-pairs) were extremely resistant to repair and were still detectable even 5 days after treatment. Compared with other regions of the genome, DNA-protein cross-links and Cr adducts were preferentially associated with the nuclear matrix DNA of treated cells, which was 4.5-fold enriched in actively transcribed genes. Chromium adducts, formed on DNA in vitro at a similar level to that detected in nuclear matrix DNA, arrested the progression of a DNA polymerase in a sequence-specific manner, possibly through the formation of DNA-DNA cross-links.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regional wall motion analysis predicts survival and functional outcome after subendocardial resection in patients with prior anterior myocardial infarction.
Authors: S Nath, D E Haines, I L Kron, M J Barber, J P DiMarco
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Subendocardial resection is an established surgical technique for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia associated with prior myocardial infarction. Preoperative factors predictive of survival and functional outcome after surgery have not been completely characterized. We hypothesized that a quantitative assessment of regional wall motion would be a sensitive predictor of both survival and functional outcome after subendocardial resection. This was retrospectively tested in a group of 80 patients with prior anterior myocardial infarction who had undergone subendocardial resection for sustained ventricular tachycardia at out institution. METHODS AND RESULTS Centerline chord motion analysis was used to derive a wall motion score from the preoperative contrast right anterior oblique ventriculogram. Multivariate analysis revealed wall motion score to be a significant independent predictor of both long-term survival (p &lt; 0.01) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I or II status at 6 months (p &lt; 0.01) and at 24 months (p &lt; 0.001) after surgery. Patients with a wall motion score of &gt; 16%, compared with patients with a wall motion score of &lt; or = 16%, had a better 5-year actuarial survival (74% versus 45%, p = 0.02) and were more likely to be NYHA class I or II at 6 months (87% versus 58%, p &lt; 0.01) and at 24 months (82% versus 34%, p &lt; 0.0001) after subendocardial resection. CONCLUSIONS A wall motion score derived from centerline chord motion analysis is a sensitive predictor of survival and functional outcome after subendocardial resection. Patients with a wall motion score of &gt; 16% have an excellent prognosis after subendocardial resection. In contrast, patients with a wall motion score of &lt; or = 16% have a poorer outcome and should be considered candidates only if other forms of therapy have failed or are unavailable.
BepreveTM 1.5% Reduces Rhinorrhea for at Least 16 Hours: An Integrated Analysis of Two Phase 3 Conjunctival Allergen Challenge (CAC) Clinical Trials
Authors: T.R. McNamara, J.I. Williams, J.A. Gow, P.J. Gomes, M.A. Abelson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Correction: Speedy Publication by Ciba
Authors: DAVID W. FITZSIMONS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

ExcerptTo THE EDITOR: Dr. Wolstenholme and I were very pleased to read the favourable review ofAromatic Amino Acids in the Brainin the April 1975 issue (Ann Intern Med82:599-600). Many thanks. Fortunately, the interval between the symposium and publication was only 10 months, not 18 months as Dr. Duvoisin, the reviewer, stated. Nearly all our books are out within 9 to 10 months of the symposium....
Performance enhancing drugs; damned if you do, and damned if you don't
Authors: Charles Dean
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Editor,—I recently attended the BASM Annual Conference, and was interested by the obviously conflicting views on and attitudes towards performance enhancing drugs highlighted during the discussions. The divergence of opinion was extreme. In the blue corner was the "ban em and string em up" brigade and in the red corner the "lets forget about them and legalise them all" (well not quite so extreme). The facts surrounding performance enhancing drugs remain.
Calcinosis Cutis in Children Following Electroencephalography
Authors: Henry E. Wiley
Journal: JAMA (1979)

WE RECENTLY cared for seven children in whom calcinosis cutis developed at the sites of EEG electrode placement. The lesion apparently is produced by penetration of calcium chloride from the EEG paste into deliberately abraded skin and may be prevented by slight alterations in techniques. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A premature boy was transferred to a neonatal intensive care unit shortly after birth because of respiratory distress, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated IgM level. His course was complicated by pneumonia, congestive heart failure secondary to cor pulmonale, and repeated apneic episodes. His EEGs at 3 and 5 months of age were normal. Shortly after the second EEG, skin lesions were noted in the distribution of the previously applied EEG leads on his scalp and earlobes (Fig 1). Each lesion was a discrete, approximately 1-cm red papule surmounted by multiple yellowish milia. A biopsy specimen of one lesion showed a
Proximal gastric vagotomy: interim results of a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: T Kennedy, G W Johnston, K D Macrae, A F Anne Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In a randomized controlled trial 50 patients with duodenal ulcer treated by proximal gastric vagotomy (P.G.V.) without drainage were compared with 50 who underwent selective vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. The clinical results were assessed in 99 patients one to four years after operation. Patients who had undergone P.G.V. had significantly less dumping, nausea, and bile vomiting and fared better in their overall clinical grading. The postoperative Visick grading of the 50 patients with P.G.V. was similar to that of 56 controls with no known gastrointestinal disease who had not undergone operation. The results obtained in the patients who had had P.G.V. without drainage were compared with those of a further group of 24 patients subjected of P.G.V. with gastrojejunostomy, and the better results obtained in the former group were thought to be due to elimination of the drainage procedure. The average follow-up period of the trial was just over two years, but there were no indications that the recurrent ulceration rate after P.G.V. would be any higher than after other types of vagotomy and drainage.
Gene Therapy Ameliorates Cardiovascular Disease in Dogs With Mucopolysaccharidosis VII
Authors: M.M. Sleeper, B. Fornasari, N.M. Ellinwood, M.A. Weil, J. Melniczek, T.M. O’Malley, C.D. Sammarco, L. Xu, K.P. Ponder, M.E. Haskins
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient β-glucuronidase (GUSB) activity resulting in defective catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Cardiac disease is a major cause of death in MPS VII because of accumulation of GAGs in cardiovascular cells. Manifestations include cardiomyopathy, mitral and aortic valve thickening, and aortic root dilation and may cause death in the early months of life or may be compatible with a fairly normal lifespan. We previously reported that neonatal administration of a retroviral vector (RV) resulted in transduction of hepatocytes, which secreted GUSB into the blood and could be taken up by cells throughout the body. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect on cardiac disease. Methods and Results— Six MPS VII dogs were treated intravenously with an RV-expressing canine GUSB. Echocardiographic parameters, cardiovascular lesions, and biochemical parameters of these dogs were compared with those of normal and untreated MPS VII dogs. Conclusions— RV-treated dogs were markedly improved compared with untreated MPS VII dogs. Most RV-treated MPS VII dogs had mild or moderate mitral regurgitation at 4 to 5 months after birth, which improved or disappeared when evaluated at 9 to 11 and at 24 months. Similarly, mitral valve thickening present early in some animals disappeared over time, whereas aortic dilation and aortic valve thickening were absent at all times. Both myocardium and aorta had significant levels of GUSB and reduction in GAGs.