tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Morphological Abnormalities of the Thalamus in Youths With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Iliyan Ivanov, Ravi Bansal, Xuejun Hao, Hongtu Zhu, Cristoph Kellendonk, Loren Miller, Juan Sanchez-Pena, Ann M. Miller, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Kristin Klahr, Kathleen Durkin, Laurence L. Greenhill, Bradley S. Peterson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

The role of the thalamus in the genesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains poorly understood. The authors used anatomical MRI to examine the morphology of the thalamus in youths with ADHD and healthy comparison youths.The authors examined 46 youths with ADHD and 59 comparison youths 8-18 years of age in a cross-sectional case-control study. Conventional volumes and measures of surface morphology of the thalamus served as the main outcome measures.A mixed-effects model comparing whole thalamic volumes revealed no significant differences between groups. Maps of the thalamic surface revealed significantly smaller regional volumes bilaterally in the pulvinar in youths with ADHD relative to comparison subjects. Post hoc analyses showed that ADHD patients who received stimulants (N=31) had larger conventional thalamic volumes than untreated youths with ADHD, and maps of the thalamic surface showed enlargement over the pulvinar in those receiving stimulants. Smaller regional volumes in the right lateral and left posterior thalamic surfaces were associated with more severe hyperactivity symptoms, whereas larger regional volumes in the right medial thalamic surfaces were associated with more severe symptoms of inattention.These findings demonstrate reduced pulvinar volumes in youths with ADHD and indicate that this same area is relatively enlarged in patients treated with stimulants compared to those untreated. Associations of hyperactivity scores with smaller regional volumes on the lateral thalamic surface and inattention scores with larger regional volumes on the medial thalamic surface suggest the differential involvement of thalamic subcircuits in the pathogenesis of differing ADHD symptoms.
Demonstration Projects in Vietnam and Uganda Show Global Health Security Begins at the Local Level
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Advancement of Child Health
Authors: Thomas E. Frothingham
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This is a relatively short and factually rich book in which the Professor of Child Health at the University of Bristol presents the contents of a series of lectures which he gave at the University of London in 1961. The title is appropriate. Most of the book comprises a detailed historical account of the development of society's conscience and activity concerning the health of its young, from before birth until adulthood. The progress of medical science is presented in its proper relationship to the maturation of the many other forces which have consorted to achieve the present degree of health of the peoples of England, Europe, and North America. One becomes aware of the painful slowness of this development, and is sharply reminded of the urgent question of how long it will take for this good fortune to spread to the majority in the world who live in ignorance of
Potential Pitfall in Parathyroid Sestamibi Imaging Resulting from a Cardiac Pacemaker
Authors: MICHAEL P. GRANATO, MICHAEL S. RODRIGUEZ, SHEHAB M. ELSHAZLY, BRUCE J. BARRON, LAMK LAMKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

A 47-year-old woman with a history of end-stage renal disease and hyperparathyroidism after total parathyroidectomy had Tc-99m sestamibi imaging to identify possible ectopic parathyroid tissue. This study was prompted by increasing calcium and parathyroid hormone levels after several years of taking calcium supplements necessitated by a surgically induced hypoparathyroid state and end-stage renal disease. The scan showed persistent linear activity in the upper right mediastinum in delayed images, after washout of the thyroid had occurred. Because of the unusual configuration of this finding, investigation of the patient’s clinical history and other imaging studies was undertaken. The authors concluded that the unusual mediastinal uptake was not hyperactive parathyroid tissue, but rather was attributed to the presence of central venous pacemaker wires. Thus, this case illustrates a potential pitfall in parathyroid sestamibi imaging, the uptake of which may increase in the presence of a cardiac pacemaker, and it emphasizes the importance of correlative imaging.
Toxoplasmosis and Pregnancy
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE INTERRELATION OF SOME OF THE LOCAL SPASMS OF EARLY LIFE.Read in the Section on Neurology aud Medical Jurisprudence, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: ROSA ENGELMANN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The reciprocal anatomico-physiologic bases, etiologic factors and clinical data of idiopathic torticollis, spasmus nutans and laryngismus stridulus are conspicuously interwoven. The convulsions are local, and whether or not their origin be central, peripheral or reflex, the neuro-muscular territories implicated have an important bearing upon this subject. The nerves that control the mechanism of these regions are the vagus, the spinal accessory, the cervical spinal and the cervical sympathetic. Not alone are their nervous centers contiguous and correlated, but their conduction paths and terminations inosculate and communicate with branches to distant organs. Thus the exhibition of sympathetic interchangeability and reflex phenomena is interpreted. Another common factor in the determination of these pathologic states is the immaturity of youthful tissues and organs. The muscles are undeveloped and untrained; the larynx is small and narrow; the nervous system is unstable; consequently, responds forcibly to the slightest stimulus. Let there be a morbid irritation,
Potentation of thrombolysis by a sulfhydryl inhibitor
Authors: C. B. MOSCHOS, M. I. KHAN, M. U. JESRANI, H. A. OLDEWURTEL, T. J. REGAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Journal Article Potentation of thrombolysis by a sulfhydryl inhibitor Get access CHRISTOS B. MOSCHOS, CHRISTOS B. MOSCHOS From the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey at Newark, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MOHAMMAD I. KHAN, MOHAMMAD I. KHAN From the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey at Newark, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MOHAN U. JESRANI, MOHAN U. JESRANI From the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey at Newark, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HENRY A. OLDEWURTEL, HENRY A. OLDEWURTEL From the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey at Newark, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TIMOTHY J. REGAN TIMOTHY J. REGAN From the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey at Newark, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 6, Issue 5, September 1972, Pages 556–561, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/6.5.556 Published: 01 September 1972
The Unsettling UGDP Controversy
Authors: Arthur M. Sackler
Journal: JAMA (1980)

IN 1970 when diabetics and diabetologists had only press releases available, patients and practicing physicians had a right to expect national medical organizations to protect their interests properly. Unfortunately, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Medical Association accepted, and their journals published, the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) report. The Food and Drug Administration not only accepted, but tried to act on the basis of that study. <h3>Editorial Statement</h3> Among the UGDP reports was an editorial by Thomas Chalmers, MD (231:624-625, 1975), titled "Settling the UGDP Controversy." This communication was characterized by a number of misleading implications. In his editorial, Dr Chalmers stated: "age-specific death rates were decreasing steadily from the time insulin was discovered until the late 1950s, in the older age groups there has been only an abrupt and continuing increase that started with the widespread use of oral agents.<sup>5,6</sup>" Reference 5 was from Reid and
Familial Atrial Septal Defect with Prolonged Atrioventricular Conduction
Authors: RAUL O. BIZARRO, JOHN A. CALLAHAN, ROBERT H. FELDT, LEONARD T. KURLAND, HYMIE GORDON, ROBERT O. BRANDENBURG
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Atrial septal defect (ASD) of the fossa ovalis type was found in 16 members of one family and confirmed in 15 members at autopsy or surgery or by cardiac catheterization. Sinus rhythm was present in 12 affected members, 11 of whom had electrocardiographic evidence of prolonged atrioventricular (A-V) conduction. Five other family members without ASD also had prolonged A-V conduction. The pedigree chart suggests that the syndrome ASD with prolonged A-V conduction is the manifestation of a single mutant autosomal gene with dominant effect, a high degree of penetrance, and some variation in expressivity. Earlier reports of familial ASD showing the autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance reveal a similar frequency of prolonged A-V conduction among affected persons. The great majority of cases of ASD are sporadic, with little likelihood of recurrence in subsequent sibs or children. We suggest, however, that when ASD of the fossa ovalis type is accompanied by prolonged A-V conduction, the genetic prognosis may be drastically changed to a risk of almost 50% that the condition will recur in subsequent sibs or children of affected persons.
Thyroid-Disrupting Chemicals: Interpreting Upstream Biomarkers of Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Mark D. Miller, Kevin M. Crofton, Deborah C. Rice, R. Thomas Zoeller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence in humans and in experimental animals for a relationship between exposure to specific environmental chemicals and perturbations in levels of critically important thyroid hormones (THs). Identification and proper interpretation of these relationships are required for accurate assessment of risk to public health.ObjectivesWe review the role of TH in nervous system development and specific outcomes in adults, the impact of xenobiotics on thyroid signaling, the relationship between adverse outcomes of thyroid disruption and upstream causal biomarkers, and the societal implications of perturbations in thyroid signaling by xenobiotic chemicals.Data sourcesWe drew on an extensive body of epidemiologic, toxicologic, and mechanistic studies.Data synthesisTHs are critical for normal nervous system development, and decreased maternal TH levels are associated with adverse neuropsychological development in children. In adult humans, increased thyroid-stimulating hormone is associated with increased blood pressure and poorer blood lipid profiles, both risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death. These effects of thyroid suppression are observed even within the "normal" range for the population. Environmental chemicals may affect thyroid homeostasis by a number of mechanisms, and multiple chemicals have been identified that interfere with thyroid function by each of the identified mechanisms.ConclusionsIndividuals are potentially vulnerable to adverse effects as a consequence of exposure to thyroid-disrupting chemicals. Any degree of thyroid disruption that affects TH levels on a population basis should be considered a biomarker of adverse outcomes, which may have important societal outcomes.
A Comparative Evaluation of Tromexan and Dicumarol in the Treatment of Thromboembolic Conditions—Based on Experience with 514 Patients
Authors: LOUIS A. SCARRONE, DOROTHY FAHS BECK, IRVING S. WRIGHT
Journal: Circulation (1952)

An evaluation of the comparative actions of Tromexan and dicumarol is herein reported. Five hundred fourteen patients were studied; a total experience of 6,642 days of Tromexan therapy and 5,006 days of dicumarol therapy were reviewed and analyzed. Previous reports of the more rapid initial prolongation of the prothrombin times and more rapid return to normal following cessation of therapy with Tromexan were confirmed. During adequate therapy the protection against thromboembolism was approximately equal for the two drugs. In other respects and with minor variations Tromexan and dicumarol were found to be quite comparable. The general advantages of anticoagulant therapy in the prevention of deaths and thromboembolic complications in myocardial infarction were comfirmed.
Rapidreading Maleffect of Antiutopian Hyphenectomy
Authors: Carl C. Pfeiffer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Elimination of the hyphen from the medical page develops from the German habit of stringing nouns together. Some of these appear ridiculous in English:<i>Tiefatmen</i>for deep breath or<i>Dreiecke</i>for three-cornered or triangular. I find it confusing when two or more vowels are joined, as in the following: The human mind is not ready to string vowels together indiscriminately. English should use hyphens when the reader understands the printed word more quickly. Yet another need for the hyphen arises when a common word is spelled by the unhyphenized combination as follows: I hope editors will stop the disfiguring and needless hyphenectomies. Certainly, in medical circles, the results might be referred to the tissue committee to see if the operations are justified. Dear little hyphen, please come back! You will not be overworked. You will get "time-and-one half" on Saturdays with double-time on Sundays and 12 paid
Segmental Contour Pattern in a Case of Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease
Authors: MONTSERRAT SOLÁ, ALICIA GARCÍA, CESAR PICADO, JOSÉ RAMIREZ, VICENTE PLAZA, RAMÓN HERRANZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A V/Q mismatch (segmental contour pattern) is described in a patient suffering from dyspnea. Chest roent-genography revealed a mild interstitial pattern and enlarged pulmonary arteries. A lung biopsy demonstrated pulmonary venoocclusive disease.
Fat substitute gets FDA approval
Authors: T. L Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The US Food and Drug Administration last week approved the controversial fat substitute Olestra. The move follows fears voiced by two professors from the Harvard School of Public Health that the product will cause long term detrimental health effects. Their fears in turn led a group of 30 public health specialists to write to the administration's commissioner, David Kessler, appealing to him to refuse approval.

Olestra, a mixture of sugar and vegetable oil, is a sucrose polyester made by attaching six or seven …
A CASE OF GENERAL SUPPURATIVE PERITONITIS: RECOVERY
Authors: H. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1910)

smooth and pliable by Rinkin and Mackay, while Poynton says it is usually soft and natural to the touch although it may be reduncdant over the extremities.In my case the sktn of the trunk and head was normal, but over the liribs, especially at the wrists and ankles, it was unusually soft and dougUhy to the touch, and the same feature
Spinal Meningeal Hematoma, Warfarin Therapy, and Chiropractic Adjustment
Authors: Olgard Dabbert
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the editor.—  Long-term anticoagulant therapy is used frequently for treatment and prevention of thrombosis and embolism.  Spontaneous spinal hematoma is rare in the absence of trauma, vascular tumor, pregnancy, or anticoagulation therapy. 1-7   Jackson, 2 in 1869, described a spontaneous extradural hematoma in a 14-year-old boy. More recently, Strain 3 noted that out of 34 patients recorded in the medical literature in 1963, spinal hematoma occurred in six that had been receiving anticoagulant therapy. While extradural hematoma was found more frequently, Cloward 4 presented a case that included intradural and subarachnoid bleeding.  Our case provides a warning to patients receiving anticoagulant therapy to abstain from manipulations of the spine.  Report of Case.—  A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for pain in the back. Five days earlier, she had visited a chiropractor because of recurrence of the pain in the lower part of the back which she had
Preeminence of the left stellate ganglion in the long Q-T syndrome.
Authors: R Crampton
Journal: Circulation (1979)

In seven patients with Romano-Ward syndrome, stellate ganglion block or stimulation and pharmacologic interventions were made to assess their influence on duration of the O-T interval, electrical alteration of the T wave and ventricular tachydysrhythmias. Left stellate ganglion block and right stellate ganglion stimulation shortened Q-T interval, abolished alternans phenomena and suppressed tachydysrhythmias. Propranolol and phenytoin had a similar effect. In contrast, right stellate ganglion block, left stellate ganglion stimulation and prior administration of quinidine and procainamide had an opposite effect. These responses resemble observations in animal models which suggest that excessive or unopposed activity of the left, or subnormal activity of the right stellate ganglion, or both, account for the pathophysiologic manifestations of the long Q-T syndrome. They are also consistent with clinically correlated, cardiac neuropathologic findings in these patients. An analogous but acquired dysautonomia involving the left stellate ganglion and ischemic left ventricle may precipitate sudden coronary death.
Geographical mobility is predictor of demand on psychiatric services
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

High rates of geographical mobility among psychiatric patients may be one of the mainreasons for unexpected high demands on hospital beds and services, according to new research.

A study of severely mentally ill patients in London found that 28% of inpatients changed address at least once in the 12 months before admission, with 13% changing more thanonce. In the two years before hospitalisation, 39% had changed addresses.

The report of the research, by a team at Imperial College School of Medicine and the Institute of Psychiatry, says that the geographically mobile …
Olopatadine hydrochloride accelerates the recovery of skin barrier function in mice
Authors: T. Amano, T. Takeda, H. Yano, T. Tamura
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

The skin barrier function in patients with atopic dermatitis is disrupted and prolonged topical steroid therapy produces epidermal barrier disturbance. Olopatadine hydrochloride (olopatadine; Allelock; Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan) is an antiallergic drug with histamine H(1) receptor antagonistic action. This drug alleviates skin inflammation and decreases the number of scratching episodes in a murine model of chronic contact dermatitis.To investigate the effects of olopatadine and a steroid on the recovery of skin barrier function after barrier disruption in mice.The skin barrier of the ears of mice was disrupted by tape stripping. The recovery of skin barrier function was monitored by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after barrier disruption. Epidermal hyperplasia was induced by repeated tape stripping for 7 days. Olopatadine was administered orally once daily from 3 days before the first barrier disruption. Betamethasone 17-valerate (betamethasone) was applied topically once daily from 3 days before barrier disruption.Tape stripping led to a significant increase in TEWL. TEWL decreased with time after tape stripping and the skin barrier function recovered by over 60% within 9 h after tape stripping. The recovery of skin barrier in olopatadine-treated mice was significantly accelerated, compared with that in vehicle-treated mice. In contrast, the skin barrier recovery in mice treated with topical betamethasone was significantly delayed, compared with that in vehicle-treated mice. Combined treatment with olopatadine and betamethasone ameliorated the delay in barrier recovery induced by topical treatment with betamethasone. In addition, olopatadine significantly prevented the increase in epidermal thickness induced by prolonged barrier disruption.These results suggest that systemic administration of olopatadine accelerates the recovery of skin barrier function and ameliorates the adverse effects of topical steroids on skin barrier recovery.
PERIODIC EXAMINATION OF SEWAGE FOR THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: James D. Trask, John R. Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

From a series of tests covering 15 months, another instance is recorded of the detection of the virus of poliomyelitis in urban sewage. It has not yet been possible to detect the virus of poliomyelitis in sewage during non-epidemic periods. It is likely that the periodic sampling of sewage for pathogenic viruses or bacteria may be a method of epidemiological value.