tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Caffey's Enigma
Authors: Francis Scott Smyth
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> For the record, while I am opposed to the use of eponyms and while "priorities" are of low significance, I cannot refrain from calling your attention to a statement in an editorial ofThe Journal(<b>175</b>:495 [Feb. 11] 1961) that the condition known as cortical hyperostosis was first described by Dr. Caffey. It is true that the report by Caffey and Silverman was published in the<i>American Journal of Roentgenology</i>for July, 1945. The report by Smyth, Potter, and Silverman was published in the<i>A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children</i>for April, 1946. What is overlooked is that Silverman was at the University of California prior to joining the Department of Pediatrics at Columbia with Caffey, and that a footnote to Caffey's article states that the report was read in summary before the New York Academy of Medicine on March 8, 1945. In similar fashion, the
Tobacco smoking induces expression of very-high-affinity nicotine binding sites on blood polymorphonuclear cells.
Authors: F Lebargy, K Benhammou, D Morin, R Zini, S Urien, F Brée, J Bignon, A Branellec, G Lagrue
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The targets of nicotine in the central nervous system (CNS) have been identified as nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. Because of their localization in the brain, no data are available about their in vivo modifications. However, nonneuronal nicotine binding sites have been identified on peripheral blood cells. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of tobacco smoking on granulocyte nicotine binding sites. Binding assays were performed on granulocyte membranes using (-)(3H)nicotine and were analyzed by the Scatchard method in nonsmokers (n=10), smokers (n=10), and ex-smokers (n=10). In nonsmokers, a single-affinity binding site was detected with Kd = 1.08 +/- 0.05 x 10 -9 M. In contrast, in smokers, two different classes of binding sites were identified: one with Kd1 = 2.80 +/- 0.81 x 10 -11 M and another with Kd2 = 3.92 +/- 0.58 x 10 -9 M, similar to the binding site in nonsmokers. Moreover, a twofold increase in nicotine binding-site density was observed in smokers. Ex-smokers recovered a single class of binding sites similar to those observed in nonsmokers when they had stopped smoking for more than 1 yr, whereas recent ex-smokers (1 to 8 mo) displayed a pattern similar to that in smokers, as demonstrated by the persistence of two classes of nicotine binding sites. Chronic nicotine exposure induces modifications of nicotine binding sites on granulocytes. It is noteworthy that the persistence of such alterations corresponds to the very high rate of relapse into smoking observed during the early stages of tobacco cessation. Consequently, monitoring of nicotine binding sites could constitute an interesting approach to understanding the pharmacologic mechanisms involved in tobacco dependence.
Nature of the immunoreactive neurophysins in ectopic vasopressin-producing oat cell carcinomas of the lung. Demonstration of a putative common precursor to vasopressin and neurophysin.
Authors: T Yamaji, M Ishibashi, S Katayama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

In an attempt to delineate the nature of the immunoreactive neurophysins in oat cell carcinomas of the lung with ectopic vasopressin production, tumor neurophysins were characterized by gel filtration and by electrophoresis. In all of the five tumor tissues, activities of both vasopressin and nicotine-stimulated neurophysin (NSN) determined by radioimmunoassay were demonstrated. A small amount of oxytocin as well as estrogen-stimulated neurophysin was detected in three of the tissues. When tissue extract was subjected to Sephadex G-50 gel filtration in 0.2 N acetic acid, the major portion of immunoreactive NSN emerged in the fractions corresponding to the molecular size of 10,000. The migration pattern of NSN in these fractions on electrophoresis was qualitatively the same as that of NSN extracted from human posterior pituitary glands. In addition to this major neurophysin, immunoreactive NSN with the molecular size of 20,000 was consistently demonstrated in three tumor extracts. This high molecular weight form of neurophysin represented 6.5--8.7% of total NSN immunoactivities in each tumor extract and its elution profile was not changed when analyzed under denaturating conditions in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. On electrophoresis, it migrated near the gamma globulin region; however, the peak was broad suggesting that it consists of more than two different molecular populations. A substantial portion of the high molecular weight NSN appears to be a glycoprotein judging from its binding to concanavalin A. When the high molecular weight from of neurophysin was incubated with trypsin, essentially all of the activities were converted into NSN with the molecular size of 10,000. Moreover, an equimolar amount of vasopressin was liberated after the treatment, the elution pattern of which closely resembled that of synthetic arginine vasopressin. When a lower concentration of trypsin was used, some of the 20,000-dalton neurophysin exhibited activities of both NSN and vasopressin. Since the antivasopressin serum used in this study appeared to be directed toward the ring portion side of vasopressin, these results suggest that this 20,000-dalton neurophysin is, in all probability, a common precursor to vasopressin and neurophysin, and that vasopressin may be located in the middle of the precursor molecule.
Detection, Characterization, and Inhibition of FGFR–TACC Fusions in IDH Wild-type Glioma
Authors: Anna Luisa Di Stefano, Alessandra Fucci, Veronique Frattini, Marianne Labussiere, Karima Mokhtari, Pietro Zoppoli, Yannick Marie, Aurelie Bruno, Blandine Boisselier, Marine Giry, Julien Savatovsky, Mehdi Touat, Hayat Belaid, Aurelie Kamoun, Ahmed Idbaih, Caroline Houillier, Feng R. Luo, Jean-Charles Soria, Josep Tabernero, Marica Eoli, Rosina Paterra, Stephen Yip, Kevin Petrecca, Jennifer A. Chan, Gaetano Finocchiaro, Anna Lasorella, Marc Sanson, Antonio Iavarone
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Oncogenic fusions consisting of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and TACC are present in a subgroup of glioblastoma (GBM) and other human cancers and have been proposed as new therapeutic targets. We analyzed frequency and molecular features of FGFR–TACC fusions and explored the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting FGFR kinase in GBM and grade II and III glioma. Experimental Design: Overall, 795 gliomas (584 GBM, 85 grades II and III with wild-type and 126 with IDH1/2 mutation) were screened for FGFR–TACC breakpoints and associated molecular profile. We also analyzed expression of the FGFR3 and TACC3 components of the fusions. The effects of the specific FGFR inhibitor JNJ-42756493 for FGFR3–TACC3–positive glioma were determined in preclinical experiments. Two patients with advanced FGFR3–TACC3–positive GBM received JNJ-42756493 and were assessed for therapeutic response. Results: Three of 85 IDH1/2 wild-type (3.5%) but none of 126 IDH1/2-mutant grade II and III gliomas harbored FGFR3–TACC3 fusions. FGFR–TACC rearrangements were present in 17 of 584 GBM (2.9%). FGFR3–TACC3 fusions were associated with strong and homogeneous FGFR3 immunostaining. They are mutually exclusive with IDH1/2 mutations and EGFR amplification, whereas they co-occur with CDK4 amplification. JNJ-42756493 inhibited growth of glioma cells harboring FGFR3–TACC3 in vitro and in vivo. The two patients with FGFR3–TACC3 rearrangements who received JNJ-42756493 manifested clinical improvement with stable disease and minor response, respectively. Conclusions: RT-PCR sequencing is a sensitive and specific method to identify FGFR–TACC–positive patients. FGFR3–TACC3 fusions are associated with uniform intratumor expression of the fusion protein. The clinical response observed in the FGFR3–TACC3–positive patients treated with an FGFR inhibitor supports clinical studies of FGFR inhibition in FGFR–TACC–positive patients. Clin Cancer Res; 21(14); 3307–17. ©2015 AACR. See related commentary by Ahluwalia and Rich, p. 3105
Abnormalities in Lung Function at Age 6 Years are Associated with Children Who Wheezed with Rhinovirus in Early Childhood
Authors: E ANDERSON, M EVANS, K ROBERG, L SALAZAR, D DASILVA, T PAPPAS, C TISLER, R GRABHER, R GANGNON, J GERN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Preoperative Staging of Esophageal Carcinoma: Miniprobe Sonography Versus Conventional Endoscopic Ultrasound in a Prospective Histopathologically Verified Study
Authors: None Menzel, None Hoepffner, None Nottberg, None Schultz, None Senninger, None Domschke
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: Endosonographic staging of esophageal carcinoma may be limited by non-traversable tumor stenoses. Dilation of malignant esophageal strictures carries a significant risk of esophageal perforation. We therefore evaluated the use of ultrasonic miniprobes in the staging of stenotic esophageal carcinoma compared with conventional endoscopic ultrasound.
Pre-Operative Axillary Nodal Staging by Ultrasonography and Fine-Needle Cytology Reduces the Number of Unnecessary Sentinel Node Biopsies in Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: B. Baruah, A. Goyal, P. Young, A. Douglas-Jones, R. Mansel, . on Behalf of Cardiff Breast Unit
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Aims: The role of pre-operative axillary ultrasound for nodal staging in early breast cancer patients is evolving. In this study, we evaluated the role of axillary ultrasound (AUS) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to stage the axilla pre-operatively in a large series of operable breast cancer patients including its role in the detection of nodal micrometastases. A second objective was to ascertain whether a significant learning curve is associated with this technique.Methods: Between October 2006 and March 2009, all patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in our unit had an AUS pre-operatively. Patients with suspicious nodes on ultrasound underwent FNAC. Cytology positive patients proceeded directly to axillary clearance, while others underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy. Data from this retrospective study was analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques to evaluate the efficacy of this technique to detect nodal metastases pre-operatively.Results: 495 patients scheduled to undergo surgery for invasive breast cancer were included in this study. 7 patients had bilateral malignancies and, therefore, a total of 502 axillae were examined using ultrasound. The median age of patients in our study was 61 years (range 32-91). 137 patients (27.3%) had proven nodal metastases on final histology. 39 of 137 (28.5%) node positive patients were accurately identified by pre-operative AUS and FNAC and, therefore, spared an unnecessary sentinel node biopsy. The combined technique of AUS and FNAC had an overall accuracy of 80.5% (95% CI: 76.8-83.7), sensitivity of 28.5% (95% CI: 21.6-36.5), specificity of 100% (95% CI: 99-100), positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 91-100), and negative predictive value of 78.8% (95% CI: 74.9-82.3). Pre-operative AUS and FNAC was normal in all patients with nodal micrometastases (n=15) and isolated tumour cells (n=11) on histopathology. No significant learning curve was demonstrated for this technique in our study. Overall, 28.5% of node positive patients and 7.9% of all breast cancer patients avoided an unnecessary sentinel node biopsy due to this procedure.Conclusions: Pre-operative AUS and FNAC is an inexpensive, minimally-invasive outpatient procedure with an accuracy of more than 80% that can avoid unnecessary sentinel lymph node biopsy in 28.7% of node positive patients. It has no role in the detection of nodal micrometastases and there is no demonstrable learning curve seen with this technique. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1018.
Abstract 1377: Vascular shutdown effects of tetra-arsenic oxide in solid murine tumors
Authors: Lan Ying Wen, Su Mi Bae, Young Jae Kim, Kyung Tae Kim, Woong Shick Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tetra-arsenic oxide [As4O6, 2,4,6,8,9,10-Hexaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraarsatricyclo(3.3.1.13,7) decane]- one kind of arsenic compound, has shown more potent antitumor effect on cervix cancer cells. As4O6 also showed an inhibitory effect on tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro. The aim of this study was investigate the vascular shutdown effects of As4O6 on TC-1 cell implanted mice. TC-1 cell, which is HPV 16 E6/E7 transfected cell, was used both in vitro and in vivo study. In vitro experiments: to assess cell viability MTT assay was employed, and morphology was determined by microscopy. In vivo experiments, 6 weeks old C57BL/6, female mice were used. 5′106 TC-1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously to abdomen and when tumor size reach to 350∼400 mm3 (12 to 14 days after inoculation when reaching a surface diameter of 8 to 10 mm), tumor bearing mice were randomly divided into two groups of PBS injected (n=14) and As4O6 (10 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) injected groups (n=14). Tumor volume was measured by caliper every two or three days for 3 weeks and recorded as volume diameter [longest surface length (a), width (b) and height (c), (a x b x c)]. Hoechst 33342 uptake method has been performed. One minute before harvest tumor tissue sections, Hoechst 33342 was injected and make frozen section. Tumor tissue were observed under 365nm microscope and photographed at x40. Each tumor image was constituted by 15∼35 pieces of view. Through MTT assay, it was shown cell growth inhibitory effects of As4O6 on TC-1 cell lines. Cell proliferation reduced to 52.74%, when treat 4.00 uM As4O6, IC50 value was 4.05 uM after 24 hours treatment. There were also many changes on morphology after 24hours of As4O6 treatment, include: cell number was reduced, cell membrane became weak, and cytoplasm got scarce. In TC-1 cells challenged C57BL/6 mice, As4O6 delayed tumor growth. 3 weeks after As4O6 treatment, the tumor volume suppressed nearly 89.8% compared with control group (p&amp;lt;0.05). Hoechst 33342 can stain tumor area which has vasculature. We detected that Hoechst 33342 stained areas was significantly disappeared in the central of the tumor tissue from one hour after As4O6 injection. While non-treated tumor tissue was 100% stained, one hour treated As4O6 tumor tissue was stained only 12.5 %. Conclusion: This study shows that As4O6 can make strong vascular shutdown effects on TC-1 cells implanted mice. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1377.
The clinical spectrum of lipoatrophic panniculitis encompasses connective tissue panniculitis
Authors: S.E. HANDFIELD-JONES, C.J.M. STEPHENS, B.J. MAYOU, M.M. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article The clinical spectrum of lipoatrophic panniculitis encompasses connective tissue panniculitis Get access S.E. HANDFIELD‐JONES, S.E. HANDFIELD‐JONES St John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.J.M. STEPHENS, C.J.M. STEPHENS St John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.J. MAYOU, B.J. MAYOU Department of Plastic Surgery, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. BLACK M.M. BLACK St John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 5, 1 November 1993, Pages 619–624, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00498.x Published: 01 November 1993 Article history Accepted: 24 March 1993 Published: 01 November 1993
THE LYMPHOCYTE IN NATURAL AND INDUCED RESISTANCE TO TRANSPLANTED CANCER
Authors: Waro Nakahara, James B. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

The lymphoid organs of mice show definite changes after cancer inoculation. In immune mice there is a tendency towards a lymphoid hyperplasia, while in susceptible mice more or less marked depletion of the lymphoid tissue takes place. These changes are evident at the end of the 3rd week after cancer inoculation.
Review: Primary prophylaxis with banding ligation or β-blockers does not differ for mortality in esophageal varices
Authors: Jacob Korula
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Source Citation Gluud LL, Klingenberg S, Nikolova D, Gluud C. Banding ligation versus beta-blockers as primary prophylaxis in esophageal varices: systematic review of randomized trials. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:2842-8. 18042114
Electron Microscopy; a Textbook for Students of Medicine and Biology
Authors: Marvin A. Lutzner
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Dr. Causey, professor of anatomy at the University of London, has written a much-needed textbook of ultrahistology. Much has been written in the past decade on the ultrastructure of all types of cells, tissues, and organs, but the material is widely dispersed through journals of microscopy, ultramicroscopy, and anatomy. Dr. Causey has compiled this material into a single text. The most important feature of such a text, of course, is its illustrations. There are 160 drawings and electron micrographs, most of which are the author's original work. The micrographs are not of the highest quality, but are adequate. The 2 initial chapters discuss the theory of the electron microscope and specimen preparation. The third describes the ultrastructure of the cell and its organelles. Each of the remaining 9 chapters discusses a major organ system. The bibliography is lean, as the author makes no effort to include more than a few
880. AAV-Rep 78 Mediated Rescue of a 27kb Transgene Cassette from a Helper-Dependent Ad Vector Genome
Authors: Hongjie Wang, Dmitry Shayakhmetov, Andre Lieber
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

AAV Rep78 is thought to increase site-specific integration of AAV vectors into the AAVS1 site within human chromosome 19. We have constructed helper-dependent (HD) adenovirus vectors containing a 27kb globin LCR-GFP expression cassette flanked by AAV ITRs (HD-Ad.AAV-GFP). Our goal was to test whether transient Rep78 expression would rescue this large expression cassette from the HD-Ad genome and increase its site-specific integration. We planned to use HD-Ad5/35 vectors to deliver the rep78 gene to our target cells, MO7e cells, which are a human erythroleukemic cell line. Construction of Rep78-expressing Ad vectors is problematic, however, because trace amounts of Rep78 inhibit Ad replication. We therefore placed the rep78 gene under the control of the â-globin promoter, which was found (in preliminary studies) to have low activity in 293 (producer) cells but high activity in target MO7e cells. We produced this vector (HD-Ad.LCR-rep78) at titers of 4.1x1012 genomes per ml. Western blot analysis with Rep-specific antibodies confirmed rep78 expression from HD-Ad.LCR-rep78. We then performed rescue assays in MO7e cells by infection with HD-Ad.LCR-rep78 and HD-Ad.AAV-GFP. While no rescue of the AAV-LCR-GFP cassette was detectable by Southern blot analysis upon infection with the two HD-vectors, addition of a first-generation Ad vector caused rescue. This effect was nullified by addition of hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of adenoviral DNA replication. We drew the conclusions that a large (27kb) transgene cassette can be excised from HD-Ad genomes by Rep78, and E1-deleted first-generation vectors are able to replicate their DNA and the DNA of co-infected HD-Ad vectors in MO7e cells, and Rep78 mediated rescue in MO7e cells requires Ad proteins and/or viral replication of HD-Ad.AAV genomes. We are currently attempting to dissect these two possibilities. We also performed transduction studies with HD-Ad.LCR-rep78 and HD-Ad.AAV-GFP vector. Co-infection with HD-Ad.LCR-rep78 increased the overall stable transduction frequency of HD.Ad.AAV-LCR in MO7e cells about two-fold. We are currently analyzing the integration frequency into AAV-S1 in the presence of HD-Ad.LCR-rep78 and the results will be presented.
477. Development of SIV Based Vectors with Efficient Delivery for Vector Dynamic Studies in the Simian System
Authors: Christopher Chen, Jiamo Lu, Tatiana Slepushkina, Andrew Worden, Vladimir Slepushkin, Laurent M. Humeau, Gwendolyn K. Binder, Xiaobin Lu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Lentiviruses are well known for their species specificity, and consequently lentivirus-derived vectors exhibit the highest gene transfer efficiency in cells of the same species from which the vectors were derived. Therefore, to accurately model a gene therapy approach for HIV in a monkey model, a parallel simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vector should be developed to accurately model the vector-cell-virus interactions. Our first therapeutic HIV-derived vector VRX496 contains an antisense targeting HIV env region. We established the safety of this novel vector in a Phase I open label clinical trial, which was allowed to proceed without preliminary studies in monkeys due to 1) the engineered safety features of the vector and 2) the observation that a monkey study would not be informative regarding the dynamics of an HIV-based vector. After demonstrating safety of this vector with early indications of efficacy in humans, we hypothesized that subsequent generations of this vector that have an improved ability to mobilize may increase the therapeutic efficacy of our anti-HIV gene therapy. However, such mobilizing vectors are considered too risky to test directly in patients, due to concerns regarding insertional oncogenesis. Therefore, we chose to test this hypothesis in monkeys in order to safely model the dynamics of these new vectors in vivo. Accordingly, we developed three SIVmac239 based lentiviral vectors, one that parallels our clinical vector VRX496 that contains no viral proteins (pN1), a second generation (pN2) containing the gag-pol protein that may have an improved ability to mobilize as a result of reduced dependency on wtSIV-proteins, and a third (empty pN2) containing gag-pol and no antisense payload to serve as a control. We demonstrated that the SIV based vectors were able to transduce the primary simian CD4 cells significantly better than the counterpart of HIV based vector by an approximately 6-fold improvement in gene transfer. We also showed that the vector potently inhibited the SIVmac239 replication in both transduced CEMx174 cells and primary simian CD4 cells to below the limit of detection, as previously observed with VRX496 and HIV in primary human CD4 cells. Detailed analysis of these results and modelling of these vectors in a monkey SIV model will be discussed.
Medical Marijuana's Public Health Lessons — Implications for Retail Marijuana in Colorado
Authors: Tista S. Ghosh, Michael Van Dyke, Ali Maffey, Elizabeth Whitley, Dana Erpelding, Larry Wolk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

In 2014, Colorado began allowing sales of recreational marijuana. With no state models or national guidance to follow, public health officials are seeking lessons from medical marijuana to prepare for public health implications of more widely available legal marijuana.