tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
REPORT OF THE READING PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1852
Authors: T. S. Little
Journal: BMJ (1853)

MALIGNANT DISEASE.Mr. GAMBLE presented a specimen of encephaloid disease, which had perforated the skull of a man agred 5;.He was a pauper patient, of short stature, sallow complexion, and dark hair; he had usually enjoyed good health.A year ago, the disease was first accidentally noticed, and then it formed a flattened and rather hard tumour of about the size of a crown-piece, occupying the upper part of the temporal fossa.It gradually increased in size, and, in the last month, occupied the space bounded by the parietal eminence behind, the orbit in front, the median line above, and the zygoma below; its circumfer- ence was very irregular, and it had many offshoots.It was soft, very elastic, and not painful; the skin was but little discolouired; numerous large veins and the temporal artery ramified over it.The edges of absorbed bone were easilv felt around the main part of the tumour; thcy were irregular, very elastic, and denticulated.The shape of the head was much altered, and the right eye protruded consi- derably.The patient had no headache, nor any disturb- auce of the cerebral functions, till three days before his death, bhen, after violent shivering, he had epileptic fits, became semi-comatose, and died.l'ost waortemn xambw'tiown.The cranium was very thin; a portion of it, as large as a crown-piece, was entirely absorbed, and through the opening thus formed the main portion of the tumour protruded: there were also smaller openings through which other portions of thc tumour had escaped.The tables of the bone forming the edge of the large opening were widely separated, whilst those of the smaller openings were not.The encephaloid mass adhere(d to the dura mater and to the bones, and considerably in- volvedI the external tissues.Its consistence was tolerably firm and white, except in the centre, where it was soft, and dark fromn the presence of blood.The outer portions weie much softer than the central mass.The brain was healthy, but conisilerably flattened bv the pressure of the tumour.* From the great and increasing demands upon our space, we have been obliI to omit several paragraphs.months, and the hemorrhagehad sometimes been profuse.A small fungus, protruding from the meatus urinanus, was removed, and nitrate of silver applied.A month later, the bladder was felt, by means of a catheter, to be hard, rugose, and unyielding: there was pain in it.The urine contained mucus mixed with cretaceous masses.After awhile, the pain becamne agonizing, and a tumour appeared in the right groin.In April 1852, the patient died, exhausted by pain and heamorrhage.Post mortem Examination.The bladder was much thick-
Endoscopic manometry of esophageal varices: evaluation of a balloon technique compared with direct portal pressure measurement
Authors: Karl August Brensing, Michael Neubrand, Jochen Textor, Peter Raab, Heribert Müller-Miny, Christian Scheurlen, Johannes Görich, Hans Schild, Tilman Sauerbruch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
The Neurogenic Component in Hypertension
Authors: A. E. DOYLE, F. H. SMIRK
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The magnitude of the blood pressure falls, in the horizontal posture, following intravenous hexamethonium, shows that an important part of the blood pressure elevation is neurogenically maintained in essential hypertension. When the blood pressure is first raised by angiotonin or by other pressor agents, the subsequent response to hexamethonium is much reduced. Similar responses are observed in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. This is due to the reaction of the regulating centers which compensate for the effect of the pressor agent by reducing the neurogenic component. The resulting decrease in the neurogenically maintained fraction of the blood pressure diminishes the response to hexamethonium. It is suggested that, in the course of time, long exposure to pressor stimuli induces the vasomotor centers to exercise their regulating function at a higher than normal level.
Correction and Apology
Authors: David A Williams
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

In the Editorial in the August 2009 issue of Molecular Therapy, I mistakenly quoted from a draft memorandum sent to me for review and comment in my capacity as a member of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee by Jacqueline Corrigan-Curay, Acting Director of the Office of Biotechnology Activities (OBA) at the NIH. This occurred because, unfortunately, before submitting my editorial, I did not verify that the language on which I was commenting was retained in the final version that was subsequently widely distributed. For example, the final memo did not in fact reference a “Serious Adverse Event,” as I stated in the Editorial, but rather “an event that occurred in a gene transfer study of β-thalassemia Major and Sickle Cell anemia being conducted in France.” A quotation referencing “risk calculus” and discussions with subjects was also not in the final version of the memorandum. The final memorandum actually states: “This event raises important questions about whether the use of lentiviral and modified SIN retroviral vectors containing insulators can, as has been the hope among investigators, decrease the risk of insertional mutagenesis in hematopoietic stem cells. In the coming months, OBA will be gathering additional information about the event, including specifics on the vector used, the dose of cells, transduction conditions, and the clinical course of both subjects, and we will organize a discussion at a meeting of the NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee as soon as further data are available.” I apologize to Dr. Corrigan-Curay and to the NIH Office of Biotechnology Activities for inadvertently framing my editorial around a draft document that I received in an advisory committee capacity and that had not yet benefited from full review or input. I have known and worked with Jacqueline for a number of years and did not intend for my comments to reflect negatively on her. As readers of these monthly editorials for the past 5 years will likely recognize, I do have a strong feeling that the regulatory and funding complexity imposed on the field, particularly in the United States, is problematic, and the editorial in question reflects this opinion. That said, Jacqueline is a person of the highest integrity and works very hard to maintain a balanced and fair approach to the issues that the field faces, and misquoting her in this instance does not accurately reflect her input or the OBA staff's handling of this situation. I also apologize to the readers of Molecular Therapy for this mistake.
Duodenal and rectal varices as a source of severe upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: M. Goetz, F. Rahman, P. Galle, R. Kiesslich
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 57-year old patient was admitted with hematochezia and hematemesis. The patient’s history included portal vein cavernous transformation after posttraumatic splenectomy 34 years ago.
Differential structural responses of small resistance vessels to antihypertensive therapy.
Authors: T Sano, R C Tarazi
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after control of blood pressure has been documented with some antihypertensive agents but not with others. To determine whether similar differences in regression of wall thickening also occur in resistance vessels during treatment, matched groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated for 12 weeks with either hydralazine (H) or captopril and hydrochlorothiazide (C-D) and they were compared with untreated SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Perfusion pressure was then determined in the hindlimbs of pithed rats under conditions of constant blood flow (4.0 ml/min) and maximal vasodilation (hemodilution to 22% hematocrit combined with continuous nitroprusside and papaverine infusion). This perfusion pressure, which has been validated as an index of thickening (hypertrophy) of resistance vessels walls, averaged 26.8 +/- 0.4(SE) mm Hg in untreated WKY (n = 12) and 37.6 +/- 0.4 mm Hg in untreated SHR (n = 11) (p less than .01). Treatment with H or C-D controlled blood pressure equally in SHR, but the two drugs had significantly different effects on both left ventricular hypertrophy and resistance vessels. Perfusion pressure was reduced from 37.6 +/- 0.4 mm Hg to 34.0 +/- 0.5 mm Hg (p less than .01) with C-D but only to 36.5 +/- 0.5 mm Hg with H (NS). Left ventricular weight was significantly reduced by C-D (2.02 +/- 0.02 vs 2.63 +/- 0.05 mg/g, p less than .01) but only to 2.44 +/- 0.05 mg/g by H.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Clinically Localised Disease
Authors: Axel Heidenreich, Joaquim Bellmunt, Michel Bolla, Steven Joniau, Malcolm Mason, Vsevolod Matveev, Nicolas Mottet, Hans-Peter Schmid, Theo van der Kwast, Thomas Wiegel, Filliberto Zattoni
Journal: European Urology (2010)
VARICELLA GANGRENOSA DUE TO BACILLUS DIPHTHERIAE, WITH A CARDIAC COMPLICATION
Authors: John Zahorsky
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The condition reported here is exceedingly rare, and the case with its complications offers some interesting suggestions from a diagnostic point of view. The patient was seen several times in consultation with Dr. H. E. Markwort. C. K., a boy, aged 7 years, well nourished, with healthy, educated and fairly well to do parents, living in good surroundings in a modern home with plenty of sunshine, was taken sick, June 18, 1929, with chickenpox. The lesions were rather profuse but the general symptoms were mild. Before this illness he had often complained of pains in his legs, had a poor appetite and seemed a little pale. He had not had any attack of sore throat, coryza or bronchitis for several months. There had been no nasal discharge of any kind. Three days after the onset of the chickenpox, two blisters appeared on the back of the neck and healed with
Antidiuretic Activity of Oxytocin Preparations
Authors: D. R. Bangham, J. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1970)

article on corneal disease (4 April, p. 33) states that surgical removal of a pterygium has a recurrence rate of some 50%.This, of course, used to be true.Mr. Cairns seems to be unaware of the fact that the use of eye drops consisting of a 1/2,000 solution of triethylene thiophosphoramide (Thio-Tepa) reduces the recurrence rate to less than 1 %1 .The drops are used every three hours during the waking period for six to eight weeks.The solution keeps its activity for at least two weeks if stored in a refrigerator and gives better results and none of the complications that can occur with beta-radiation therapy.-Iam, etc.,
Underrecognition of Dementia by Caregivers Cuts Across Cultures-Reply
Authors: G. Webster Ross
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —Dr Snowdon and colleagues, 1 in their report of silent dementia among elderly Catholic sisters of European descent, provide important corroboration of our findings in Japanese-American men living in Hawaii. In both studies, 21% to 22% of caregivers failed to recognize signs of dementia among subjects with clinically diagnosed dementia. These nearly identical results are striking considering the many differences between the populations and the fact that the informants in the Nun Study were professional caregivers. This suggests that difficulty in recognizing dementia in elderly people is a common problem that crosses cultural and gender boundaries.  Equally interesting is their observation that caregivers labeled 16% of the participants as demented when dementia was not present. Similarly, we found 15 (13%) of 116 nondemented elderly Japanese-American men had family informants who said they had a definite problem with thinking or memory.  We appreciate Dr Antonelli Incalzi and colleagues bringing to our
Recovery of bone density in women who stop using medroxyprogesterone acetate
Authors: T Cundy, J Cornish, M C Evans, H Roberts, I R Reid
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In order to determine whether the loss in bone density seen in users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is reversible, a comparative study was undertaken in three groups of women. Group 1 consisted of 14 women who had used the contraceptive for at least 3 years and then discontinued use. Group 2 was 22 longterm users, and Group 3 contained 18 women who had never used the drug and served as controls. Estrogen production resumed in all of the Group 1 women after discontinuation. Two bone density measurements were taken twice in each woman. At first measurement, lumbar spine density was an average of 9% lower in Groups 1 and 2 than in controls. At the second measurement, however, lumbar spine density had significantly increased in Group 1 while it remained the same for the other groups. No significant changes in femoral neck density were observed. Additional measurements in 8 women from Group 1 taken 2 years after discontinuation revealed a further significant increase in lumbar spine bone density. Thus, it was concluded that bone density loss is reversible, even in cases where women experience a significant weight loss after discontinuation.
Systematic Analysis of Viral and Cellular MicroRNA Targets in Cells Latently Infected with Human γ-Herpesviruses by RISC Immunoprecipitation Assay
Authors: Lars Dölken, Georg Malterer, Florian Erhard, Sheila Kothe, Caroline C. Friedel, Guillaume Suffert, Lisa Marcinowski, Natalie Motsch, Stephanie Barth, Michaela Beitzinger, Diana Lieber, Susanne M. Bailer, Reinhard Hoffmann, Zsolt Ruzsics, Elisabeth Kremmer, Sébastien Pfeffer, Ralf Zimmer, Ulrich H. Koszinowski, Friedrich Grässer, Gunter Meister, Jürgen Haas
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
Opioid peptides and primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: J. R. Thornton, M. S. Losowsky
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Patients with liver disease have increased plasma concentrations of the endogenous opioid peptides methionine enkephalin and leucine enkephalin. As an initial investigation to determine whether opioid peptides contribute to any of the clinical manifestations of hepatic disease nalmefene, a specific opioid antagonist devoid of agonist activity, was given to 11 patients with cirrhosis. They all experienced a severe opioid withdrawal reaction on starting the drug. In the nine patients with primary biliary cirrhosis pruritus was greatly alleviated, fatigue seemed to improve, and plasma bilirubin concentration, which had been rising, showed a modest fall in all except one patient. These results indicate that blocking opioid receptors has an effect on some of the metabolic abnormalities of liver disease.
CONGENITAL PROCTOLOGIC DEFECTS IN TWINS
Authors: C. C. Mechling
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The occurrence of identical congenital defects in identical twins is a rarity. An instance of this has been observed in male twins, 23 years of age. The small skin-lined congenital sinus located under the skin over the lower sacrum is usually not observed until inflammation has occurred, and it is probable that many such sinuses exist without ever being discovered. When inflammation, with pus formation, sets in, it will require incision with drainage, and a later excision of the cutaneous-lined sinus, to effect a complete cure. A vigorous healthy twin, a man, aged 23, was seen with an abscess apparently located in the subcutaneous tissue over the lower sacrum. It was incised and drained and, six weeks later, the acute cellulitis having subsided, was excised<i>en bloc.</i>It was positively identified by the pathologist as being of the congenital type—a pilonidal fistula. One year later the second twin presented himself
Borrelia burgdorferi in the central nervous system
Authors: J. L. Benach
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Luft et al 1 in their article entitled Invasion of the Central Nervous System by Borrelia burgdorferi in Acute Disseminated Infection confirm and extend our experimental and clinical observation on the early invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by B burgdorferi , the agent of Lyme disease, by using a larger number of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens and a different detection procedure. Unfortunately, Luft et al misspelled the names of the first three authors of our June 1990 publication beyond recognition (see reference 14 in Luft's article).  Considering this, the readership of JAMA interested in this topic may find it useful to have the correct citation of our earlier manuscript: Garcia Monco JC, Fernandez Villar B, Calvo Alen J, Benach JL. Borrelia burgdorferi in the central nervous system: experimental and clinical evidence for early invasion. J Infect Dis . 1990;161:1187-1193.
CDC Targets Climate Change
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Abstract 4863: Prostaglandin and associated eicosanoid dose response to omega-3 fatty acid (FA) diet in rat colon.
Authors: Yan Jiang, Zora Djuric, Jianwei Ren, Kuklev V. Dmitry, Austin Curtis, Gretchen S. Bentz, Ian Waters, Ananda Sen, Lili Zhao, Charis Uhlson, Robert Murphy, William L. Smith, Dean E. Brenner
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Prostaglandin (PG) E2 has been linked to higher risk of colorectal carcinogenesis. Our previous in vitro data (Wada et al. J Biol Chem 2007;282;22254) demonstrated reduction of cellular eicosanoids by substituting the n-3 fatty acid EPA for the more common n-6 FA arachidonic acid (AA) as substrate for the cyclooxygenases (Cox). We tested the hypothesis that EPA substitution for n-6 FA in vivo will reduce procarcinogenic eicosanoids in rats. Methods: F344 male rats were fed EPA: n-6 FA ratio diets of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 for 5 weeks. Eicosanoids (PGs and lipoxins) in proximal, transverse and distal colonic tissue and urinary PG metabolites were assayed on LC-MS-MS. Fatty acids in serum and tissue were measured by GC-MS. Results: Serum EPA:AA ratio (means(SD)) increased linearly from 0.02(0.004) at baseline (no EPA) to 0.98(0.32) EPA:n-6 ratio of 0.6. Colonic EPA:AA ratios increased from 0.03(0.01) to 0.41(0.15) in distal colon. Representative eicosanoid concentrations (μg/mg protein) in distal colon tissue with associated EPA:n-6 diets in the Table suggest rapid eicosanoid reduction at lower dietary EPA:n-6 ratios and then flattening of the dose response at higher ratios. The distal colon contained the lowest eicosanoid concentrations compared to transverse and proximal colon. Urinary PGE metabolite was reduced from 13.42(1.95) ng/mg creatinine (dietary EPA:n-6 FA=0) to 7.67(0.62) ng/mg creatinine (dietary EPA:n-6 FA=0.6). Conclusion: Diet induced substitution of omega-3 for omega-6 substrates of Cox and lipoxygenases in F-344 rats causes a rapid, non-linear decline in colonic PGE2 and lipoxin products. PGE3 increases linearly with omega-3 FA dose. These data support the hypothesis that reduction in carcinogenesis stress induced by eicosanoids can be modulated by a dietary intervention in vivo. Eicosanoids in rat colon EPA: n-6 ratio in diet PGE2 PGE3 5-HETE 12-HETE 0 264.43(77.54) 0.12 (0.14) 2.28 (1.74) 35.67 (26.95) 0.2 116.56 (50.53) 0.89 (0.81) 1.15 (0.99) 11.73 (7.65) 0.4 86.15 (27.28) 1.52 (0.96) 1.80 (2.02) 5.93 (4.01) 0.6 90.89 (20.90) 2.17 (1.36) 1.52 (0.78) 5.68 (2.77) Citation Format: Yan Jiang, Zora Djuric, Jianwei Ren, Kuklev V. Dmitry, Austin Curtis, Gretchen S. Bentz, Ian Waters, Ananda Sen, Lili Zhao, Charis Uhlson, Robert Murphy, William L. Smith, Dean E. Brenner. Prostaglandin and associated eicosanoid dose response to omega-3 fatty acid (FA) diet in rat colon. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4863. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4863
Radiologists Learn Results of New Therapy Trials, Hear Latest Speculations on Cause of Old Disorder
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

RESEARCHERS AT THE 82nd Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) presented the findings of early clinical trials of new therapeutic approaches that may improve the treatment of a wide spectrum of medical disorders. Among the approaches were techniques to treat obstetrical hemorrhages, pneumonia, and a diagnostic procedure to prevent unnecessary appendectomies. Research reported at the meeting in Chicago, Ill, also shed new light on what may have caused the severe disfigurement that affected Victorian England's "Elephant Man." <h3>Preserving Fertility</h3> Surgical intervention has been the usual method of managing life-threatening hemorrhages during pregnancy, and often the intervention involves an emergency hysterectomy. An interventional radiological procedure reported at the RSNA meeting, however, may be able to control uterine bleeding without surgery while preserving the uterus and fertility. According to Agata Pasik, MD, assistant professor of radiology at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, 17 women
High-Affinity Accumulation of Chloroquine by Mouse Erythrocytes Infected with Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Coy D. Fitch, Norman G. Yunis, Rekha Chevli, Yolanda Gonzalez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Washed erythrocytes infected with chloroquine-susceptible (CS) or with chloroquine-resistant (CR) P. berghei were used in model systems in vitro to study the accumulation of chloroquine with high affinity. The CS model could achieve distribution ratios (chloroquine in cells: chloroquine in medium) of 100 in the absence of substrate. 200—300 in the presence of 10 mM pyruvate or lactate, and over 600 in the presence of 1 mM glucose or glycerol. In comparable studies of the CR model, the distribution ratios were 100 in the absence of substrate and 300 or less in the presence of glucose or glycerol. The presence of lactate stimulated chloroquine accumulation in the CR model, whereas the presence of pyruvate did not. Lactate production from glucose and glycerol was undiminished in the CR model, and ATP concentrations were higher than in the CS model. Cold, iodoacetate, 2,4-dinitrophenol, or decreasing pH inhibited chloroquine accumulation in both models. These findings demonstrate substrate involvement in the accumulation of chloroquine with high affinity.