tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Uraemic Asthma
Authors: T. C. Allbutt
Journal: BMJ (1877)

include the first three processes, so that we cannot regard any one growth or formation as a basis of tubercle ; it is rather a combination of several processes-adenoid growth, epithelial proliferation, and exudation from the blood-vessels-each playing its part, and giving place in time to necrobiotic changes.Having now before us the pathological agents concerned in a case of phthisis, let us inquire the conditions of their action.These are three :-I.Predisposition.The patient must be predisposed, not necessarily through hereditary or family taint, for this does not exist in more than half the number of consumptive patients, but there is generally some depressing cause, such as hard work, insufficient food, or great anxiety, which weakens him, and renders him more liable to the action of exciting causes of disease.2. Irritation.This is gene- rally manifested in the lungs, either on a portion or on the whole, by various exciting agents, such as bronchial catarrh or inflammatory attacks, involving the various pulmonary tissues, causing epithelial pro-
Abstract 3674: Next generation cancer gene sequencing for clinically actionable mutations
Authors: Yu-Ye Wen, Ganka Douglas, Xiafeng Hu, Michele Millham, Francisco Cifuentes, Garrick Peters, Condie Edwin Carmack, Marilyn Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer gene mutations are important diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biologic markers. Mutation detection in cancer tissues has been a real challenge for researchers as a cancer is often associated with multiple mutations and new mutations may occur as the disease progresses and during treatments. Essentially, all cancer tissues are a mosaic mixture of normal and abnormal cell clones. Therefore, a new technology that can target many mutations simultaneously with high sensitivity is exceedingly desirable. Targeted next generation sequencing permits deep sequencing of hundreds of mutations concurrently. We have used a novel next generation sequencing technology that merges multiplex PCR with ion semiconductor sequencing (AmpliSeq, Life Technology) to sequence a panel of clinically actionable cancer gene mutations on 12 tumor samples including 6 archived FFPE samples, 2 bone marrow samples, and 4 cell lines with known mutations, and a normal blood sample as a control. Each sample was run three times to assay for inter-run variability. The panel contains 739 mutations including clinically actionable mutations such as EGFR mutations in exons 18-21, BRAF V600E, KRAS mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61, and many more. Using this technology we successfully identified all known mutations previously detected using Pyposequencing or Sanger sequencing technologies. The most common somatic mutations were also confirmed by Competitive Allele-Specific TaqMan® PCR (castPCR, Life Technology). To determine the sensitivity of the test, we studied mutation positive FFPE samples with serial dilutions. Our results showed that the test can detect mutations at frequencies as low as 5% with 99% confidence. Analysis of mutation calls in different runs showed little inter-run variation. Other benefits of this novel technology are its fast turn around time, which can be as short as two days, and its low cost. Our experience demonstrates that this technology holds great potential clinical utility including diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3674. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3674
Studies on Hysteria
Authors: V. Lucas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Studies on Hysteria is generally regarded as the starting point for psychoanalysis and for this reason alone can be considered a “medical classic.” Yet with the rise of biological psychiatry and the abandonment of the term “hysteria” as a useful diagnostic label in the second half of the 20th century, its significance is easily overlooked. 

Sigmund Freud’s theories have come to be regarded as unscientific and therefore generally disregarded within biomedicine. However, his background was in neuropathology, and he published papers on cerebral palsy and aphasia. He was also an atheist and a firm believer in the Darwinian theory of evolution. Like Jean-Martin Charcot, who studied hysterical patients at …
Lymph Circulation in Hepatic Cirrhosis: Effect of Portacaval Shunt
Authors: MARLYS HEARST WITTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

To determine the relative contribution of the liver and extrahepatic portal bed to increased flow of thoracic duct lymph in hepatic cirrhosis, thoracic duct lymph was examined in 84 patients with nutritional or post-necrotic cirrhosis, including 11 after portosystemic shunt. Lymph flow, pressure, protein content, and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) retention at 45 min were measured. Total protein content of lymph from liver and small intestine was determined in nine patients at laparotomy and was compared with plasma, thoracic duct lymph, and ascitic fluid. Thoracic duct lymph studies were repeated after portacaval shunt in seven patients. The observations indicate that when post-sinusoidal obstruction predominates highly permeable liver sinusoids are the major source of increased thoracic duct lymph high in protein and BSP; but, as presinusoidal block develops, liver lymph is diluted in the thoracic duct by increasing amounts of low-protein intestinal lymph poor in BSP, and thoracic duct lymph protein and BSP fall. After extrahepatic portal hypertension is relieved by a portacaval shunt, thoracic duct lymph flow decreases while protein and BSP content rise. The shunt eliminates excess capillary filtrate from the extrahepatic portal bed and probably also reduces excess capillary filtrate from the liver.
Scalded Skin Syndrome in a Drug Abuser
Authors: Roger J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Toxic epidermal necrolysis and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome are terms that compete for cumbersomeness in describing the exfoliation of large areas of epidermis caused by staphylococcal infection. Most cases have been noted in children, and the particular danger of the disease is from the systemic staphylococcal sepsis with the superimposed metabolic problem from large areas of skin with deranged function. The occurrence of this syndrome in an adult with deficient cell-mediated immunity was recently described.<sup>1</sup>The cases so far noted in adults are clearly the tip of the iceberg,<sup>1,2</sup>for various infectious disease clinicians have seen such adult patients but not deemed it fit to report them. In view of the hypothesis that depressed immune mechanisms must be present in adults to allow occurrence of the disease, the patient now described should be of interest. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 26-year-old woman frequently administered heroin
Rapidly Fatal Infection with<i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i>
Authors: Greg S. Martin, Brian W. Christman, Steven M. Standaert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Human ehrlichial infections are increasingly being recognized as common tick-borne diseases in the United States. Clinical characteristics of ehrlichiosis include fever, headache, and malaise with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of hepatic aminotransferases.1 In rare instances, infection may result in multiple organ failure and death, particularly in immunosuppressed patients.2 Despite the potential severity of disease, death is uncommon in normal human hosts. We report two cases of rapidly fatal Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in patients who presented to our institution in early June. A 22-year-old man was hospitalized with hypotension after a one-week illness characterized by fever, headache, . . .
Theodore Robert Foster Raw
Authors: J R F Raw
Journal: BMJ (2003)

General practitioner Horley, Surrey, 1935-73 (b Rotorua, New Zealand 1910; q Guy's Hospital, London, 1934), d 15 September 2003.

After hospital appointments he entered practice in Horley, where he remained until his retirement on health grounds in 1973. During the second world war he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps in India, Burma, and the Maldives, where he spent six months investigating an outbreak of mite typhus fever among the Indian troops stationed there. He left the army with the rank of major. Predeceased by his wife, Dorothy, he leaves two children and six grandchildren.
Epignetic effects of liver tumor promoters and implications for health effects
Authors: Gary M. Williams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

During chemical carcinogenesis in the liver, a population of abnormal cells in lesions referred to as altered foci precedes the appearance of neoplasms. Most altered foci do not develop further, but a small fraction progress to formation of neoplasms. Liver tumor promoters increase the fraction that progress. The mechanisms for this action of promoters may involve an effect on the cell membrane. Cells in vivo and in vitro exchange molecules through specialized membrane organelles known as gap junctions. Intercellular transfer of growth and/or differentiation regulating factors could be involved in suppressing the growth of initiated cells in the altered foci. Several liver tumor promoters have been found to inhibit intercellular communication in an in vitro liver culture system. This effect on the cell membrane could, thus, be the basis for the release of cells in foci for further growth into neoplasms. Such an epigenetic action would account for the requirement for high doses and prolonged exposure for certain liver tumor promoters. In addition, it implies a distinct type of health risk analysis for chemicals of this type. Several chemicals, particularly halogenated hydrocarbons, produce primarily or exclusively an increase in liver tumors in rodent strains that are characterized by a substantial background incidence of such tumors. These chemicals have not been demonstrated to have the DNA damaging capability of genotoxic carcinogens and several enhance the hepatocarcinogenicity of previously administered liver carcinogens. Moreover, they exert an inhibition of intercellular communication. Thus, carcinogens of this type may be epigenetic carcinogens functioning as liver tumor promoters. Accordingly, the health risk analysis for these chemicals is different from that for genotoxic carcinogens.
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Inconsistent Results of Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Dial Hewlett
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Pyrazinamide, in combination with isoniazid and rifampin, often plays a prominent role in the therapy of tuberculosis.<sup>1</sup>Frequently, pyrazinamide susceptibility testing is performed, and the results generally dictate if pyrazinamide will or will not be used as a component of treatment of or prophylaxis for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Recently, our institution had a nosocomial outbreak of drug-resistant tuberculosis. When identically paired isolates were sent to two reference laboratories, however, discordant pyrazinamide susceptibility results were reported. From 1991 to 1993, a total of 55 patients with tuberculosis resistant to rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin sulfate, and ethambutol hydrochloride were identified by our institution.<sup>2</sup>Ten identically paired isolates of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>from 10 different patients were sent to two reference laboratories for susceptibility testing. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were performed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Public Health Research Institute, and/or the Albert Einstein
Impact of enoxaparin and abcixlmab on bleeding complications in acute myocardial infarction: insights from assent-3
Authors: Joseph Dens, Paolo M. Fioretti, Jose L. Lopez-Sendon, Freek Verheugt, Jürgen Meyer, Paul Toutouzas, Lars Wallentin, Chris Granger, Paul Armstrong, Frans J. Van de Werf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Heat shock protein 105 is overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma and extramammary Paget disease but not in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: F.C. Muchemwa, T. Nakatsura, H. Ihn, T. Kageshita
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Heat shock protein 105 is overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma and extramammary Paget disease but not in basal cell carcinoma Get access F.C. Muchemwa, F.C. Muchemwa Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1‐1‐1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860‐0811, Kumamoto City, Japan Immunotherapy Section, Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan F.C. Muchemwa. E‐mail: fcmuchemwa@yahoo.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Nakatsura, T. Nakatsura Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1‐1‐1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860‐0811, Kumamoto City, Japan Immunotherapy Section, Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Ihn, H. Ihn Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1‐1‐1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860‐0811, Kumamoto City, Japan Immunotherapy Section, Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Kageshita T. Kageshita Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1‐1‐1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860‐0811, Kumamoto City, Japan Immunotherapy Section, Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 3, 1 September 2006, Pages 582–585, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07362.x Published: 01 September 2006 Article history Accepted: 02 February 2006 Published: 01 September 2006
Left ventricular mass and geometric distribution in treated and untreated hypertension: Impact by gender
Authors: Miguel Zabalgoitia, S.Noor Ur Rahman, Lori Oneschuk, William E. Haley, Steven Yarows, Carla Yunis, Charles Lucas, William Lim, Lisa Krause, John Amarena
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy
Authors: CARL SPIVACK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters1 January 1981Nocturnal Oxygen TherapyCARL SPIVACK, M.D., LUCILLE VAN HOOK SPIVACK, M.D.CARL SPIVACK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LUCILLE VAN HOOK SPIVACK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-1-135 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the September 1980 issue the Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group set forth its findings (1). Several questions about the study design should be raised.Death was the end point in the study; yet it is not clear if the two study populations were comparable in cardiac risk. It was stated that patients were excluded if they had "other diseases that might be expected to influence mortality." The population under study, middle-aged men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is one in which arteriosclerotic heart disease, clinically apparent or silent, is common. The detection of coronary heart disease...Reference1. . Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:391-8. LinkGoogle Scholar1. . Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:391-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MITCHELLWALKERSILVERS RSG. The causes of death in chronic airway obstruction: I. The unreliability of death certificates and routine autopsies. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1968;98:601-10. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. MITCHELLWALKERMAISEL RSJ. The causes of death in chronic airway obstruction: II. Myocardial infarction. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1968;98:611-2. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. SAHNNETTPETTY SLT. Ten year follow-up of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for severe COPD. Chest. 1980;77 (suppl):311-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 278 First Avenue; New York, NY 10009 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Lungs and Causes of Death in the Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial 1 January 1981Volume 94, Issue 1Page: 135-135KeywordsCardiovascular therapyChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCoronary heart diseaseLongitudinal studiesMortalityOxygenPopulation statistics Issue Published: 1 January 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
SCF-mediated mast cell infiltration and activation exacerbate the inflammation and immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Bo Huang, Zhang Lei, Gui-Mei Zhang, Dong Li, Chuanwang Song, Bo Li, Yanyan Liu, Ye Yuan, Jay Unkeless, Huabao Xiong, Zuo-Hua Feng
Journal: Blood (2008)
Cell adhesion molecules LFA-3 and ICAM-1 are involved in HBV-induced chronic liver disease
Authors: G. Malizia, O. Dino, R. Pisa, M. Caltagirone, G. Giannuoli, V. Di Marco, A. Calabrase, A. Craxì, L. Pagliaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
A Small-molecule-controlled System for Efficient Pseudotyping of Prototype Foamy Virus Vectors
Authors: Yu-Ping Ho, Viktor Schnabel, Anka Swiersy, Kristin Stirnnagel, Dirk Lindemann
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Foamy virus (FV) vector systems have recently demonstrated their power as efficient gene transfer tools for different target tissues. Unfortunately, FVs cannot be naturally pseudotyped by heterologous viral glycoproteins due to an unusual particle morphogenesis involving a FV Env-dependent particle release process. Therefore, current FV vector systems are constrained to the broad host cell range provided by the cognate viral glycoprotein. We evaluated different approaches for pseudotyping of FV vectors, in which the specific FV Gag–Env interaction, essential for particle egress, is substituted by a small-molecule controlled heterodimerization (HD) system. In one system developed, one HD-domain (HDD) is fused to a membrane-targeting domain (MTD), such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gag matrix (MA) subunit, with a second fused to the FV capsid protein. Coexpression of both components with different heterologous viral glycoproteins allowed an efficient, dimerizer-dependent pseudotyping of FV capsids. With this system FV vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotype titers greater than 1 × 106 IU/ml were obtained, at levels comparable to authentic FV vector particles. As a proof-of-principle we demonstrate that Pac2 cells, naturally resistant to FV vectors, become permissive to FV VSV-G pseudotypes. Similar to other retroviral vectors, this FV pseudotyping system now enables adaptation of cell-specific targeting approaches for FVs. Foamy virus (FV) vector systems have recently demonstrated their power as efficient gene transfer tools for different target tissues. Unfortunately, FVs cannot be naturally pseudotyped by heterologous viral glycoproteins due to an unusual particle morphogenesis involving a FV Env-dependent particle release process. Therefore, current FV vector systems are constrained to the broad host cell range provided by the cognate viral glycoprotein. We evaluated different approaches for pseudotyping of FV vectors, in which the specific FV Gag–Env interaction, essential for particle egress, is substituted by a small-molecule controlled heterodimerization (HD) system. In one system developed, one HD-domain (HDD) is fused to a membrane-targeting domain (MTD), such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gag matrix (MA) subunit, with a second fused to the FV capsid protein. Coexpression of both components with different heterologous viral glycoproteins allowed an efficient, dimerizer-dependent pseudotyping of FV capsids. With this system FV vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotype titers greater than 1 × 106 IU/ml were obtained, at levels comparable to authentic FV vector particles. As a proof-of-principle we demonstrate that Pac2 cells, naturally resistant to FV vectors, become permissive to FV VSV-G pseudotypes. Similar to other retroviral vectors, this FV pseudotyping system now enables adaptation of cell-specific targeting approaches for FVs.
Some Impacts of Clinical Investigation on Immunology
Authors: Edward C. Franklin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The interdependence of physiology and medicine is nowhere more obvious than in the field of immunology. Numerous examples can be cited in which careful clinical observation and study of materials obtained from patients have led to the elucidation of important biologic phenomena and have found immediate application to our understanding of pathologic processes. This approach is clearly illustrated by the use of myeloma proteins and Bence-Jones proteins (BJP) to delineate the structural and functional heterogeneity of human immunoglobulins and to elucidate the structure of the antibody molecule. These findings quickly proved of value in studying the pathogenesis of diseases in . . .
Lecithin treatment in Friedreich's ataxia.
Authors: B Pentland, C N Martyn, C R Steer, J E Christie
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Duration in monthsSerial observations of plasma creatinine concentrations in high haemolytic complement (CH50) and control groups during three years of prospective study.Conversion: SI to traditional units-Creatinine: 1 jsmol/ll 0 01 mg/ 100 ml.normal during this period.There was a progressive upward trend in CH50 activity with rise in plasma creatinine concentration, which did not quite achieve significance.This suggested that CH60 activity increases with declin- ing renal function.To test this we studied CHr0 activity and C3 and C4 concentrations in 20 patients with renal failure due to polycystic kidneys or essential hypertension, all with plasma creatinine concentrations above 600 tsmol/l (6-8 mg/100 ml).CH50 activity was within normal limits in all, show- ing that renal failure alone does not affect CH50.C3 and C4 concentrations were also normal in all.The fluctuations in CH50 activity in this group with active nephritis are unexplained.We measured CH50, C3, and C4 values in 10 healthy volunteers daily for five days and monthly for a year.The fluctuations were much smaller than those in our hypercomplementaemic patients, and all remained within the normal range.The wide fluctuations in our high-complement group were therefore an aberration.Concentrations of C3 and C4 did not differ between our two groups of patients or between the patients and controls.They did not exhibit the same fluctuations as CH50.We found no correlation between raised CH50 activity and histological diagnosis, except that no patient with minimal change had raised CH50 activity.
965-53 Myocardial Glycolytic and Fatty Acid Metabolism During Progression of Adriamycin (ADR)-Induced Heart Failure in Rats
Authors: Norio Kawasaki, Jong-Dae Lee, Akiyoshi Tsubokawa, Masayuki Yamamoto, Hiromasa Shimizu, Takanori Ueda, Toru Nakamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)