tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Professionalism in Medicine: Results of a National Survey of Physicians
Authors: Eric G. Campbell, Susan Regan, Russell L. Gruen, Timothy G. Ferris, Sowmya R. Rao, Paul D. Cleary, David Blumenthal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: The prospect of improving care through increasing professionalism has been gaining momentum among physician organizations. Although there have been efforts to define and promote professionalism, few data are available on physician attitudes toward and conformance with professional norms. Objective: To ascertain the extent to which practicing physicians agree with and act consistently with norms of professionalism. Design: National survey using a stratified random sample. Setting: Medical care in the United States. Participants: 3504 practicing physicians in internal medicine, family practice, pediatrics, surgery, anesthesiology, and cardiology. Measurements: Attitudes and behaviors were assessed by using indicators for each domain of professionalism developed by the American College of Physicians and the American Board of Internal Medicine. Of the eligible sampled physicians, 1662 responded, yielding a 58% weighted response rate (adjusting for noneligible physicians). Results: Ninety percent or more of the respondents agreed with specific statements about principles of fair distribution of finite resources, improving access to and quality of care, managing conflicts of interest, and professional self-regulation. Twenty-four percent disagreed that periodic recertification was desirable. Physician behavior did not always reflect the standards they endorsed. For example, although 96% of respondents agreed that physicians should report impaired or incompetent colleagues to relevant authorities, 45% of respondents who encountered such colleagues had not reported them. Limitations: Our measures of behavior did not capture all activities that may reflect on the norms in question. Furthermore, behaviors were self-reported, and the results may not be generalizable to physicians in specialties not included in the study. Conclusion: Physicians agreed with standards of professional behavior promulgated by professional societies. Reported behavior, however, did not always conform to those norms.
Poison Ivy Extract, Alum Precipitated
Authors: Harry L. Wechsler
Journal: JAMA (1964)

POISON IVY EXTRACT, alum precipitated (Aqua Ivy, A.P.), the oral tablets in particular, has enjoyed popular appeal and widespread use for poison ivy hyposensitization primarily because of its reported effectiveness in very low dosage and its lack of side effects.<sup>1-4</sup>However, doubt has been raised as to its value, and the absence of adverse reactions has been attributed to its inertness.<sup>5</sup>Because of this conflict, a controlled double-blind study was undertaken, comparing various dosages of poison ivy extract, alum precipitated, with placebo. <h3>Method and Procedure.—</h3> Volunteers with history of poison-ivy dermatitis were divided randomly into groups receiving different dosages or placebo over a 50-day period. The total dosages were 120, 240, and 480 mg in 1961; 480 and 960 mg in 1962; and 1,920 mg in 1963. The subjectswere observed at five
Localization of Tc-99m DTPA in a Chordoma
Authors: E GOSHEN, I MELLER, M R QUASTEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The authors report a patient with chordoma that was demonstrated as a photopenic region on Tc-99m MDP bone imaging but that localized Tc-99m DTPA intensely. An explanation for the discrepancy is discussed. Complementary Tc-99m DTPA imaging in the preoperative evaluation of sacral tumors is suggested.
Not all travellers need immunoglobulin for hepatitis A.
Authors: G Kudesia, E A Follett
Journal: BMJ (1987)

For the avoidance of halothane to be recommended in children requiring repeat anaesthesia another volatile anaesthetic agent must be shown to be associated with a lower overall morbidity and mortality.Avoiding halothane might eliminate the risk of unexplained hepatitis after administration of halothane, but a different complication with a higher overall mortality might replace this.I will continue to use halothane repeatedly in children as it is superior to all currently available volatile anaesthetic agents.The only contraindication to its use is if a child has previously developed unexplained hepatitis after receiving halothane.5Previous postoperative fevers and the appearance of a rash are of no consequence.
Predicting hepatitis B virus–positive metastatic hepatocellular carcinomas using gene expression profiling and supervised machine learning
Authors: Qing-Hai Ye, Lun-Xiu Qin, Marshonna Forgues, Ping He, Jin Woo Kim, Amy C. Peng, Richard Simon, Yan Li, Ana I. Robles, Yidong Chen, Zeng-Chen Ma, Zhi-Quan Wu, Sheng-Long Ye, Yin-Kun Liu, Zhao-You Tang, Xin Wei Wang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Finding Needles in Haystacks —<i>IRF6</i>Gene Variants in Isolated Cleft Lip or Cleft Palate
Authors: Aravinda Chakravarti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Human geneticists have been on a long joyride. The power of contemporary genetics and genomics has allowed us to identify the specific causal gene in a dizzying variety of mendelian (single-gene) and chromosomal disorders that affect every single human organ system.1 This information has transformed our knowledge of the pathophysiology of genetic diseases in humans, including cleft lip with or without involvement of the palate.Three specific genes are known to harbor mutations that lead to cleft lip or palate and additional anomalies: MSX1 (also known as HOX7), which encodes muscle-segment–specific homeobox 12; FGFR1, which encodes fibroblast growth . . .
Fibrinogen Genes Modify the Fibrinogen Response to Ambient Particulate Matter
Authors: Annette Peters, Sonja Greven, Iris M. Heid, Fiammetta Baldari, Susanne Breitner, Tom Bellander, Christina Chrysohoou, Thomas Illig, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Wolfgang Koenig, Timo Lanki, Fredrik Nyberg, Juha Pekkanen, Riccardo Pistelli, Regina Rückerl, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Alexandra Schneider, Jordi Sunyer, H. Erich Wichmann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Ambient particulate matter has been associated with systemic inflammation indicated by blood markers such as fibrinogen, implicated in promoting atherothrombosis.This study evaluated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the fibrinogen genes modified the relationship between ambient particles and plasma fibrinogen.In 854 myocardial infarction survivors from five European cities plasma fibrinogen levels were determined repeatedly (n = 5,082). City-specific analyses were conducted to assess the impact of particulate matter on fibrinogen levels, applying additive mixed models adjusting for patient characteristics, time trend, and weather. City-specific estimates were pooled by meta-analysis methodology.Seven SNPs in the FGA and FGB genes shown to be associated with differences in fibrinogen levels were selected. Promoter SNPs within FGA and FGB were associated with modifications of the relationship between 5-day averages of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 microm (PM(10)) and plasma fibrinogen levels. The PM(10)-fibrinogen relationship for subjects with the homozygous minor allele genotype of FGB rs1800790 compared with subjects homozygous for the major allele was eightfold higher (P value for the interaction, 0.037).The data suggest that susceptibility to ambient particulate matter may be partly genetically determined by polymorphisms that alter early physiological responses such as transcription of fibrinogen. Subjects with variants of these frequent SNPs may have increased risks not only due to constitutionally higher fibrinogen concentrations, but also due to an augmented response to environmental inflammatory stimuli such as ambient particulate matter.
Development of chimeric antigen receptor-redirected T cell therapy targeting L1-CAM in ovarian cancer
Authors: Hao Hong, Christine Brown, Stephen J Forman, Michael Jensen
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Ovarian cancer is responsible for the majority of gynecologic cancer deaths. Despite improvements in surgical approaches and the refinement of first-line cytotoxic combinations, the majority of patients diagnosed with advanced stage ovarian cancer eventually succumb to tumor
Alcohol as a Cause of Bright's Disease; and Dr. Dickinson's Statistics
Authors: W. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1872)

half on lint to a youth whilst under lateral lithotomy, performed by Mr. Jubb of this place.Complete somnolence continued until after he had been put to bed, and was not followed by any untoward after- symptom.Chloroform is more pleasant in such quantity to take than ether, though in that respect surpassed, perhaps, by the nitrous oxide gas.As observed by Mr. Couper, however, the time relatively consumed in the administration, and the disagreeable perfume of the vapour of ether, are unimportant, if regarded as safer, and to be free from nausea and other sequelae.With the bichloride of methylene, except as spray, we have had no experience here, and it would seem to possess no immunity from danger in its use.
WEIRD walking: Cross-cultural research on motor development
Authors: Lana B. Karasik, Karen E. Adolph, Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda, Marc H. Bornstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Motor development - traditionally studied in WEIRD populations - falls victim to assumptions of universality similar to other domains described by Henrich et al. However, cross-cultural research illustrates the extraordinary diversity that is normal in motor skill acquisition. Indeed, motor development provides an important domain for evaluating cultural challenges to a general behavioral science.
Ventricular pre‐excitation and cardiac hypertrophy mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a Turkish family with a novel PRKAG2 mutation
Authors: Fatih Bayrak, Evrim Komurcu‐Bayrak, Bulent Mutlu, Gokhan Kahveci, Yelda Basaran, Nihan Erginel‐Unaltuna
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia after Bcr-Abl kinase mutation–related imatinib failure
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Jorge Cortes, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Sergio Giralt, Dan Jones, Roy Jones, Francis Giles, Borje S. Andersson, Richard Champlin, Marcos de Lima
Journal: Blood (2006)
Polyposis in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: R H Teague, A E Read
Journal: Gut (1975)

One hundred and fifty cases of ulcerative colitis were assessed by total colonoscopy with multiple biopsies. Inflammatory polyposis was found in 25 (17%) cases and six of these had a large (greater than 1-5 cm) solitary polyp which radiologically resembled carcinoma in four cases. Adenomatous polyps were discovered in four cases. Three carcinomas were found at endoscopy, of which two were entirely unsuspected. In all cases endoscopic polypectomy or surgical intervention was performed to establish the exact histological diagnosis.
THE AUSCULTOSCOPE OR PHONENDOSCOPE VS. THE BINAURAL STETHOSCOPE.
Authors: CHARLES DENISON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

I am asked my opinion of these new-fangled affairs I have tested them enough to know that they can never supersede the stethoscope, if the latter is properly constructed. The auscultoscope bell gathers the sound from too large an area, as large as would the bell for stethoscopic percussion which belongs to my stethoscope, diameter three inches. The sounds are thereby confused and not differentiated as they should be. To use the auscultoscope is too much like putting the whole side of your head against the chest wall. This confusion with an admitted exaggeration of impulse sounds, as are the heart sounds, is a positive hinderance to any one who has been used to getting definite information out of a stethoscope. I do not believe it is any credit to a physician to be or appear to be satisfied with any such uncertain and mixed-up results. If the area of
Restenosis Trials Suggest Role For Remodeling
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

ABSTRACT CONTROLLED TRIALS are causing researchers to rethink restenosis.The reclogging of arteries that have been cleared with balloon angioplasty or a similar procedure vexes about one third of the 350 000 or more patients who undergo such procedures in the United States each year. Traditional thought and many failed therapeutic approaches have been based on the notion that merely the return of plaque, or intimal hyperplasia, is responsible.We have had several dozen new therapies introduced enabling clinicians to obtain the same unsatisfactory results of 10 years ago but by a greater variety and more costly methods, says Martin Leon, MD, director of cardiovascular research at the Washington (DC) Hospital Center.Controlled trials of several of these drugs and procedures are revealing that reducing plaque does not necessarily reduce restenosis. Animal studies suggest that the amount of intimal hyperplasia that forms after angioplasty explains only a fraction of restenosis. How
Radionuclide Demonstration of Acute Hemorrhage into Follicular Adenoma of the Thyroid
Authors: E EDMUND KIM, BETTY G. McCONNELL, JEFFRE S. BROWN, ROBERT W. McCONNELL, LANNY G. CLOSE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Case reports are presented of three patients whose dynamic flow studies using Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate led to diagnoses of acute hemorrhage into follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland. There was a prompt accumulation of the radioactivity into the mass lesions on the dynamic studies and irregular “cold” lesions corresponding to the mass were identified on static images. Radionuclide evaluations for cold thyroid lesions are briefly reviewed.
Sensitisation to human insulin.
Authors: J S Kristensen, K Falholt, I Jensen
Journal: BMJ (1984)

fore is our recent finding that pulmonary surfactant in the rat contains appreciable concentrations of vitamin E.5 This observation raises the possibility that pulmonary surfactant may exercise a dual role both in physical stabilisation of alveolar structure and also in the biochemical defence of lung tissue.If this hypothesis is correct then the premature infant may prove to be particularly vulnerable to lung injury from oxygen when vitamin E deficient, or when underdevelopment of the mechanisms of biosynthesis and secretion of surfactant prevents the disposition of the vitamin at this crucial site.Artificial surfactant for use in replacement treatment may be more effective if it contains this component.Further research using more appropriate animal models is clearly required.
Can depression be categorized?
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1980)

An extensive and expensive effort is being made to learn more about the depressive disorders in a five-year collaborative project now in progress under National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) auspices. Participating investigators stress that they are only halfway through the intake procedure (which should yield an eventual total of 1,000 to 1,100 patients), are still compiling current data, and view their interim findings as quite tentative. In fact, several of the investigators on the project were concerned that a report of their current findings, such as this article, might be misconstrued. As the article went to press,<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS was apprised of various disagreements among the investigators on such issues as the meaning of findings on control subjects at one institution and the ramifications of the "endogenous concept" of depression. The goals of the project, which will cost at least $5 million and is now in its third
A Study of Bile Canalicular Contractions in Isolated Hepatocytes
Authors: James M. Phillips, Chikara Oshio, Mamoru Miyairi, Hart Katz, Charles R. Smith
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Living hepatocytes observed under standard methods of cell isolation and culture show frequent active contractions of bile canaliculi when viewed by time-lapse cinephotomicrography. This report gives details of the methods used to show the contractions. In addition, the characteristics of the contraction pattern are defined and analyzed. The contractions are regular, canalicular contraction time (systole) lasts 60 sec, and the most probably interval between contractions is 5 1/2 min. The finding of a regular pattern of contraction suggests an ordered, programmed, and integrated mechanism which entails a high degree of communication and functional coordination between neighboring hepatocytes.
GLUCOSE: WHEN AND HOW TO USE IT
Authors: F. P. De Caux
Journal: BMJ (1929)

clot.being derived from the heart, and that death was not due in any way to the derangement of the circulation in the lower extremities, or its sudden return.The embolus was appsoaelhed by thle abdomen ratlherthan retrogradely by way of the femnoral vessels becatuse the physical conndition of the patient was satisfactoly for the abdominlal route.,S'ubNequcnt Progress.-Thepatient stood the operation well, and pul-l-ation was evident in both popliteal arteries and the posterior tibials tlle evening-after the operation.Slhe seemed very toxaemic, and tlle pulse vas quick, thouigh it slowed down to about 80 per minluite thle same evening.She died rather suddenly at 9.20 a.m.the following day, from a simple failure of respiration and heart, withotut any further incident suclh as migcht point to pulmlonary emiiboli or embolic lesions in otlher organs.A post-mortem examination was performed the followingf morning.Exterlnally was seen a recent abdominal inicision wlichl appeared to be a lhealthy abdominal operation incision.The thyroid con- tained tlin ee adenomata, and was moderately enlarged.The tracheal and bronchial glands were small anld pigrmenited.The lungs were hiealthy.The heart was obviously dilated.There was an increase in suibpericardial fat.The right auricle was mucl dilated and the tricuspid valve admitted tlhree fingers easily.Tlle cusps shlowed chronic tlhickening.The coronary arteries welre normal.The rnitral openiing admitted only one finger, and the ctisps slhowed evidence of old sclerotic endocarditis with a super- imiiposed r-ecent acute endocarditis.Multiple sinItIl vegetations, with a small blood clot still adlhcent, were seen..Both culps were a-ffected.The aortic valve was competent, and the cusps shtowedl very slight patchli thlickening; the right posterior cusp slhowed a tiny vegetatiori.Thle abdomtlirnal aorta, wlhiclh lhad been exposed and incised at operationi, was found to be closed efficiently; thtere was nio leak anywhere.On openiina the aorta and its iliac prolongations there was foumiid to be a very small adherenit clot, amid below in the iliac, especially the might exteirnatl i!iac, there was an adIhierent clot.The inteirnal iliac was clear on tllis side.TIme veins appeared to be clear-t !is incltdes the popliteal femoral, and iliac.The right popliteal artery contained a clot, probably post-mortem.The.aorta was notably small.Brain.-Pia-arachnoid: there was a diffuse haemorrbage over,
Insulin Detemir Offers Improved Glycemic Control Compared With NPH Insulin in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Philip Home, Paul Bartley, David Russell-Jones, Hélène Hanaire-Broutin, Jan-Evert Heeg, Pascale Abrams, Mona Landin-Olsson, Birgitte Hylleberg, Hanne Lang, Eberhard Draeger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Insulin detemir is a soluble long-acting basal insulin analog designed to overcome the limitations of conventional basal insulin formulations. Accordingly, insulin detemir has been compared with NPH insulin with respect to glycemic control (HbA1c, prebreakfast glucose levels and variability, and hypoglycemia) and timing of administration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—People with type 1 diabetes (n = 408) were randomized in an open-label, parallel-group trial of 16-week treatment duration using either insulin detemir or NPH insulin. Insulin detemir was administered twice daily using two different regimens, either before breakfast and at bedtime (IDetmorn+bed) or at a 12-h interval (IDet12h). NPH insulin was administered before breakfast and at bedtime. Mealtime insulin was given as the rapid-acting insulin analog insulin aspart. RESULTS—With both insulin detemir groups, clinic fasting plasma glucose was lower than with NPH insulin (IDet12h vs. NPH, −1.5 mmol/l [95% CI −2.51 to −0.48], P = 0.004; IDetmorn+bed vs. NPH, −2.3 mmol/l (−3.32 to −1.29), P &amp;lt; 0.001), as was self-measured prebreakfast plasma glucose (P = 0.006 and P = 0.004, respectively). The risk of minor hypoglycemia was lower in both insulin detemir groups (25%, P = 0.046; 32%, P = 0.002; respectively) compared with NPH insulin in the last 12 weeks of treatment, this being mainly attributable to a 53% reduction in nocturnal hypoglycemia in the IDetmorn+bed group (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Although HbA1c for each insulin detemir group was not different from the NPH group, HbA1c for the pooled insulin detemir groups was significantly lower than for the NPH group (mean difference −0.18% [−0.34 to −0.02], P = 0.027). Within-person between-day variation in self-measured prebreakfast plasma glucose was lower for both detemir groups (both P &amp;lt; 0.001). The NPH group gained weight during the study, but there was no change in weight in either of the insulin detemir groups (IDet12h vs. NPH, −0.8 kg [−1.44 to −0.24], P = 0.006; IDetmorn+bed vs. NPH, −0.6 kg [−1.23 to −0.03], P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS—Overall glycemic control with insulin detemir was improved compared with NPH insulin. The data provide a basis for tailoring the timing of administration of insulin detemir to the individual person’s needs.
Racial Variation in the Use of Coronary-Revascularization Procedures — Are the Differences Real? Do They Matter?
Authors: Eric D. Peterson, Linda K. Shaw, Elizabeth R. DeLong, David B. Pryor, Robert M. Califf, Daniel B. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Studies have reported that blacks undergo fewer coronary-revascularization procedures than whites, but it is not clear whether the clinical characteristics of the patients account for these differences or whether they indicate underuse of the procedures in blacks or overuse in whites.
TGF-β Suppresses Tumor Progression in Colon Cancer by Inhibition of IL-6 trans-Signaling
Authors: Christoph Becker, Massimo C. Fantini, Christoph Schramm, Hans A. Lehr, Stefan Wirtz, Alexei Nikolaev, Jürgen Burg, Susanne Strand, Ralf Kiesslich, Samuel Huber, Hiroaki Ito, Norihiro Nishimoto, Kazuyuki Yoshizaki, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Peter R. Galle, Manfred Blessing, Stefan Rose-John, Markus F. Neurath
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Infectious mononucleosis and acute lymphoblastic leukemia—hand mirror cells: A qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural study
Authors: H. R. Schumacher, W. J. Thomas, W. J. Creegan, L. L. Pitts
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract The hand mirror cell (HMC) in infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a T cell which appears at the time of improvement and apparently has an important role in immune surveillance. Fifty electron micrographs of HMC from an unusual untreated patient with ALL‐HMC variant were compared to 50 electron micrographs of HMC from five patients beginning to recover from IM. Quantitative differences between the IM‐HMC and ALL‐HMC were observed in multivariate analysis of variance (p &lt; 0.001), nuclear perimeter (p &lt; 0.0001), nuclear length (p &lt; 0.0001), cytoplasmic length (p &lt; 0.0001), total cell area (p &lt; 0.0001), cytoplasmic area (p &lt; 0.0001) and nuclear cytoplasmic ratio (p &lt; 0.004), and numbers of mitochondria (p &lt; 0.001). The qualitative differences included greater nuclear irregularity in the IM‐HMC, and prominent nucleolonema in some of the ALL‐HMC. In addition, the IM‐HMC showed more polyribosomes, parallel tubular arrays and microtubules, but much less glycogen. Since the IM‐HMC apparently enter effectively into immune surveillance, and some cases of ALL have HMC, the ultrastructural similarities and differences above contribute to a better understanding of the importance of this unique cell configuration in benign and malignant disorders.