tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Help for parents after stillbirth.
Authors: D Howell
Journal: BMJ (1978)

cortical thinning being the only radiological sign of osteomalacia.Thus true osteoporosis was responsible for the cortical thinning in only the cases of steroid therapy and Cushing's syndrome-three out of 18 cases.The other 15 were due to hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia.Cortical thinning cannot therefore be regarded as synonymous with osteoporosis.
Correlative anatomy of the nervous system.
Authors: William F. Windle
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<i>Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System</i>is an important book, not so much for the first-year medical student as for everyone who is planning a career in neurology. The medical neurologist and neurosurgeon will find it indispensable as an authoritative source of information and a guide to the pertinent literature. There are 4,315 bibliographic titles cited chapter-by-chapter, a feature which, alone, will justify the price of the book. There are nine chapters and an atlas of myelin-stained sections through the cord and brain stem. Chapter seven, on the telencephalon, is the longest (175 pages), and it is further subdivided into ten parts. The book is well indexed. The first chapter, "Histology of Nerve Cells," presents a rather conventional account of the elements comprising nervous tissue; fine structure of the myelin sheath is the most up-to-date part. Neuroglia are relegated to a single page of text and two plates of dark
Abstract SY31-02: Building highly effective anti-tumor T cells
Authors: Nicholas P. Restifo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Many tumors contain relatively undifferentiated transformed progenitors termed ‘cancer stem cells’ (CSC). Stem cells are defined by the ability to self-renew and generate differentiated progeny, qualities maintained by evolutionarily conserved pathways that can lead to cancer when deregulated. The existence of stem cells has been documented across multiple tissues both during development on into adulthood including the hematopoietic and central nervous systems, intestine, skin, cardiac muscle and lung. All of these sites employ the presence of limited numbers of stem cells in tissues enable a few daughter cells to retain a regenerative potential while the majority of daughter cells enter an irreversible process of differentiation culminating in the generation of specialized cell types. Recently, we have found evidence supporting the existence and function of stem cells within the adaptive immune system in both the CD8+ and CD4+ T cell lineages. This stem cell-like population has been termed ‘T memory stem cells’ (TSCM). In preclinical models using both mouse and human cells, TSCM can overcome many limitations of currently employed T cell-based immunotherapies, especially in the setting of adoptive T cell transfer, including inefficient T cell engraftment, persistence, and ability to mediate prolonged immune attack. Conferring stemness to anti-tumour T cells might unleash the full potential of cellular therapies. Our goal is to trigger stem cell-like pathways in tumor-reactive T cells or to reprogram terminally differentiated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to confer stem cell-like properties to augment immunotherapies against cancer and CSC, akin to fighting ‘fire with fire.’ In new work from our laboratory (1) as well as unpublished experiments, we have identified several candidate transcription factors that are differentially expressed in stem cell-like T cells. In addition, new experiments have shed significant light on the metabolic properties of highly effective stem cell-like T cell subsets. Reference 1. Roychoudhuri, R, et al, Nature, 2013. Citation Format: Nicholas P. Restifo. Building highly effective anti-tumor T cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY31-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY31-02
The NGF superfamily of neurotrophins: Potential treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Elliott J. Mufson, Teresa Sobreviela
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Stein &amp; Glasier suggest embryonic neural tissue grafts as a potential treatment strategy for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. As an alternative, we suggest that the family of nerve growth factor-related neurotrophins and their trk (tyrosine kinase) receptors underlie cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) and dopaminergic substantia nigra neuron degeneration in these diseases, respectively. Therefore, treatment approaches for these disorders could utilize neurotrophins.
Refusal of Care by Patients
Authors: Jeffrey L. Spiess, Lisa Tomm
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interplay between Notch Signaling and Epigenetic Silencers in Cancer
Authors: Maria Dominguez
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Given its role in the development and self-renewal of many tissues, it is not surprising that a prominent role has recently been proposed for the Notch signal transduction pathway in tumor development. However, exactly how Notch hyperactivation promotes oncogenesis is poorly understood. Recent findings in Drosophila melanogaster have linked the Notch pathway to epigenetic silencing and the tumor suppressor gene Rb during tumorigenesis. Because aberrant epigenetic gene silencing contributes to the pathogenesis of most human cancers, these findings may provide a new focal point to understand how Notch is associated with cancers, and to help develop better selective cancer therapies.
Follow-Up Results from a Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Hans W. Künsebeck, Hellmuth Freyberger
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

On the background of the German situation of psychosomatic medicine as an independent department beside the psychiatric clinic, we describe the theoretical issues, organizational structure and functioning of a psychosomatic outpatient clinic. 186 consecutive referrals were analyzed. The ratio of man to woman was 1:2, mean age was 32 years (range 17-58). About half of the patients suffered from psychogenic disorders (according DSM-III criteria subsumed to the category of 'psychological factors affecting physical condition'), 21% had anxiety disturbances, and of the remaining patients 15% had affective illnesses and 13% somatoform disorders. There were three treatment conditions: inpatient psychotherapy, outpatient individual or group psychotherapy and family therapy. Follow-up results (2 years after the first contact) give some hints on the effectiveness of the different treatment procedures. The results show that the psychosomatic outpatient clinic may offer treatment for a specific patient population whose characteristics differ significantly from those of patients treated in consultation liaison services as well as by practicing psychotherapists.
Haemolysis related to mitral valve replacement with the Beall valve prosthesis
Authors: B. J. Henderson, A. S. Mitha, B. T. le Roux, M. S. Gotsman
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Henderson, B. J., Mitha, A. S., le Roux, B. T., and Gotsman, M. S. (1973).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 488-491. <b>Haemolysis related to mitral valve replacement with the Beall valve prothesis.</b> Experience of valve replacement with the Beall compressed Teflon disc valve in 59 patients confirms that the incidence of clinically significant late red cell destruction is high. An apparently previously unrecorded high incidence of early haemolysis, so severe in one patient as to be directly the cause of death, is reported. In 29 patients there was massive haemolysis in early convalescence, not recognized in urine from some hours after the end of bypass and never encountered with other designs of prosthetic valve or homograft valve.
Interchangeability of Conjugated Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccines in Infants
Authors: Edwin L. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of two Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines when administered in serial combination. These vaccines consisted of Hib capsular polysaccharide polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate (PRP) conjugated to the meningococcal outer membrane protein (OMP) complex (PRP-OMP) and H influenzae oligosaccharide conjugated to a mutant toxin (CRM197) isolated from Corynebacterium diphtheriae (HbOC).Randomized, double-blind, clinical trial evaluating five Hib vaccination regimens.Vaccine Treatment and Evaluation Units and affiliated private pediatric practices at Saint Louis (Mo) University, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.A total of 497 healthy 2-month-old infants scheduled to receive routine immunization.Participants received either PRP-OMP or HbOC given as recommended by the manufacturer, PRP-OMP at 2 and 6 months, HbOC at 2 months, then PRP-OMP at 4 and 6 months, or PRP-OMP at 2 months and then HbOC at 4 and 6 months. Unconjugated PRP was given at 15 months to evaluate priming.Geometric mean antibody concentrations differed significantly among the groups following the second and third immunizations of the primary series and following booster immunization with unconjugated PRP. On each occasion, the groups receiving serial combinations of PRP-OMP and HbOC achieved mean antibody concentrations that equalled or exceeded those of the groups receiving a single product. Adverse reactions did not vary by group.The studied sequential combinations of Hib vaccines were safe and at least as immunogenic as either vaccine alone.
Marital Sexual Dysfunction: Ejaculation Disturbances
Authors: STEPHEN B. LEVINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The three clinically encountered disturbances of the male orgasmic phase—that is, premature ejaculation, inability to ejaculate, and retrograde ejaculation—are discussed. The problem of defining premature ejaculation is explained and the possible pathogenic mechanisms of its origin are reviewed. The classic premature ejaculator is described. Also included are an elaboration of the newer therapeutic approaches to the problem and a suggested clinical protocol for screening patients. The other two, less common dysfunctions are briefly discussed.
Human hepatic stimulator substance: A product of gene expression of human fetal liver tissue
Authors: Fuchu He, Chutse Wu, Qiang Tu, Guichun Xing
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Cloning of human hepatic stimulator substance requires clarification of whether the substance is the product of gene expression of liver cells. In this article the translation experiment in Xenopus laevis oocytes indicates that poly (A)+ messenger RNA of human fetal liver cells could conduct the biosynthesis of human hepatic stimulator substance. The translated human hepatic stimulator substance is a heat-, acid- and alkaline-resistant, but specific hepatic-stimulating, protein with a molecular weight in the range of 10 to 30 kD and with secreting ability. The characteristics of the translated human hepatic stimulator substance are consistent with those of biochemically purified human hepatic stimulator substance from human fetal liver cells. These results demonstrate that human hepatic stimulator substance is a product of gene expression of human fetal liver cells and that the complementary DNA of human hepatic stimulator substance could be screened from the complementary DNA library of human fetal liver tissue.
Canada must do more to tackle poorer health of indigenous people, says national chief
Authors: B. Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The leader of Canada’s indigenous people has called on the government to eliminate the longstanding inequality in health between the general population and the First Nations (Indians, Metis, and Inuit).

Speaking on 7 November at the annual conference of Canada’s family doctors in Vancouver, Chief Shawn A-in-chut Atleo, the national chief to the Assembly of First Nations of Canada, said, “It is our shameful reality that simply being Aboriginal is a health determinant at this stage in Canada.”

Healthcare for First Nations people continued to be a complex and diverse issue, said Atleo, a hereditary chief from the Ahousaht …
The human gallbladder secretes fibroblast growth factor 19 into bile: Towards defining the role of fibroblast growth factor 19 in the enterobiliary tract
Authors: Serge J.L.B. Zweers, Klaske A.C. Booij, Mina Komuta, Tania Roskams, Dirk J. Gouma, Peter L.M. Jansen, Frank G. Schaap
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) plays a crucial role in the negative feedback regulation of bile salt synthesis. In the postprandial state, activation of ileal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) by bile salts results in transcriptional induction of FGF19 and elevation of circulating FGF19 levels. An intestinal-liver axis of FGF19 signaling results in down-regulation of bile salt synthesis. The aim of this study was to explore a broader signaling activity of FGF19 in organs engaged in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. For this aim, FGF19 expression and aspects of FGF19 signaling were studied in surgical specimens and in cell lines of hepatobiliary and intestinal origin. FGF19 messenger RNA was found to be abundantly expressed in the human gallbladder and in the common bile duct, with only minor expression observed in the ileum. Interestingly, human gallbladder bile contains high levels of FGF19 (21.9 ± 13.3 versus 0.22 ± 0.14 ng/mL in the systemic circulation). Gallbladder explants secrete 500 times more FGF19 than FXR agonist-stimulated ileal explants. Factors required for FGF19 signaling (i.e., FGFR4 and βKlotho) are expressed in mucosal epithelial cells of the gallbladder and small intestine. FGF19 was found to activate signaling pathways in cell lines of cholangiocytic, enteroendocrine, and enterocytic origin.The combined findings raise the intriguing possibility that biliary FGF19 has a signaling function in the biliary tract that differs from its established signaling function in the portal circulation. Delineation of the target cells in bile-exposed tissues and the affected cellular pathways, as well as a possible involvement in biliary tract disorders, require further studies.
Complete mtDNA Sequence of the North American Freshwater Mussel, Lampsilis ornata (Unionidae): An Examination of the Evolution and Phylogenetic Utility of Mitochondrial Genome Organization in Bivalvia (Mollusca)
Authors: J. M. Serb
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Molluscs in general, and bivalves in particular, exhibit an extraordinary degree of mitochondrial gene order variation when compared with other metazoans. Two factors inhibiting our understanding the evolution of gene rearrangement in bivalves are inadequate taxonomic sampling and failure to examine gene order in a phylogenetic framework. Here, we report the first complete nucleotide sequence (16,060 bp) of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of a North American freshwater bivalve, Lampsilis ornata (Mollusca: Paleoheterodonta: Unionidae). Gene order and mt genome content is examined in a comparative phylogenetic framework for Lampsilis and five other bivalves, representing five families. Mitochondrial genome content is shown to vary by gene duplication and loss among taxa and between male and female mitotypes within a species. Although mt gene arrangement is highly variable among bivalves, when optimized on an independently derived phylogenetic hypothesis, it allows for the reconstruction of ancestral gene order states and indicates the potential phylogenetic utility of the data. However, the interpretation of reconstructed ancestral gene order states must take in to account both the accuracy of the phylogenetic estimation and the probability of character state change across the topology, such as the presence/absence of atp8 in bivalve lineages. We discuss what role, if any, doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) and recombination between sexual mitotypes may play in influencing gene rearrangement of the mt genome in some bivalve lineages.
Kupffer cells and macrophages are not required for hepatic hepcidin activation during iron overload
Authors: Giuliana Montosi, Elena Corradini, Cinzia Garuti, Samuele Barelli, Stefania Recalcati, Gaetano Cairo, Linda Valli, Elisa Pignatti, Chiara Vecchi, Francesca Ferrara, Antonello Pietrangelo
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Hepcidin, the iron hormone, is produced by the liver in response to iron and inflammation. Its synthesis during inflammation is triggered by cytokines, but the details of iron activation are obscure. We tested the role of Kupffer cells and macrophages by studying iron-loaded or inflamed mice with selective inactivation of Kupffer cells or the in vitro effect of conditioned human macrophages on hepcidin expression. Hepcidin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was studied by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis in mice that were treated with 40 mg/kg gadolinium (III) chloride (GdCl3) as a Kupffer cell inactivating agent and subjected to inflammatory challenges with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and turpentine or iron overload by iron-dextran administration. Similar analyses were performed in human hepatoma cells (HepG2) cultured with medium from LPS- or iron-conditioned macrophages from blood donors or patients with HFE-linked hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). In vivo, LPS and particularly turpentine stimulated hepcidin mRNA expression, and this effect was prevented by the inactivation of Kupffer cells. Also, iron overload markedly upregulated hepatic hepcidin mRNA, but this activity persisted in spite of Kupffer cell blockade. In vitro, the medium of LPS-treated normal or hemocromatotic macrophages turned on hepcidin expression. On the contrary, medium of iron-manipulated macrophages, regardless of their HFE status, did not affect hepcidin mRNA steady-state levels. In conclusion, Kupffer cells are required for the activation of hepcidin synthesis during inflammation, and HH inflamed macrophages are capable of mounting a normal response, eventually leading to hepcidin stimulation. However, both Kupffer cells and human macrophages are dispensable for the regulatory activity exerted by iron on hepatic hepcidin. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:545–552.)
Unlearned Language: New Studies in Xenoglossy
Authors: Stuart M. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The author of this book, Ian Stevenson, MD, is Carlson Professor of Psychiatry and director of the Division of Parapsychology, Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville. He has obviously studied xenoglossy and related areas much more than this reviewer. When it comes to evaluating evidence for the survival of the spirit after death, the waters can become rather murky, but the author certainly has made heroic efforts in this direction. Actually, the book consists of lengthy discussion and descriptions of two cases of responsive xenoglossy. The latter can be defined as the ability of a person to speak and understand a foreign language that was not learned normally. The author has written a previous book about another case previously published.<sup>1</sup>He makes comparisons in the current volume among all three cases so the reader is at some disadvantage if he
Phaeochromocytoma of the urinary bladder.
Authors: P. M. Higgins, G. C. Tresidder
Journal: BMJ (1966)

tumour itself measured 3.8 by 3.7 by 3.4 cm.The peritoneum overlying the growth was removed both in order to minimize handling and to make certain of complete excision of the tumour.Several enlarged lymph nodes were seen in the region of the internal iliac arteries, and two of these were removed for section.No masses could be felt in the para-aortic and adrenal regions.At the start of the operation the blood-pressure rose to 200/110 and remained at this level until the final clamp was placed, when it fell abruptly to 70 mm.Hg systolic.Neither phentolamine nor noradrenaline was required, and the blood-pressure rose steadily during the next hour to 130/90, at which level it remained for the duration of his stay in hospital (Fig. 3).Recovery was uneventful.On the third post-operative day the 24-hour excretion of vanillylmandelic acid was 6.8 mg., falling to 3 mg.one week later.Tumour analysis showed 1.7 mg. of nor- adrenaline per gram of tissue: no adrenaline was present.Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of phaeochromo- cytoma, showing cells which were mainly well differentiated but FIGS. 1 and 2.-Case 1.Double contrast cystogram (Dr.Geoffrey Key).The tumour is arrowed.
SMALL-POX: AN UNRECOGNIZED OUTBREAK
Authors: F. A. Sharpe
Journal: BMJ (1924)

SMALL-POX: AN UNREOOGXIZED OUTBREAK.tEDrcARJouuA 621as ani increase in production of red blood cells.Normal blood has no such effect.An inl.jection of malarial blood is a direct stimulus for the red bone mar-row towards increased activity.This stimulus might be applied for therapeutical purposes (forms of anaemia, especially chlorosis).The outbreak of fever can always be prevented by an injection of neosalvarsan as soon as the increase in red cells is well established.The whole process could then be repeated.We wish to thank the public health authorities of Natal for assisting us in obtaining the strain of malaria; Dr. Griffin of Verulam for his very kind and courteous co-operation in this matter; Dr.
Clinical Goals and Performance Measures for Cholesterol Management in Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Thomas H. Lee
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommend reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to 100 mg/dL (2.59 mmol/L) or less in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) is implementing a new performance measure as part of the Health Plan Employer and Data Information Set (HEDIS) that appears to endorse a different target. The new HEDIS measure will require managed care organizations seeking NCQA accreditation to measure and report the percentage of patients who have had major CHD events who achieve LDL-C levels less than 130 mg/dL (3.36 mmol/L) between 60 and 365 days after discharge. These different LDL-C thresholds emphasize the difference between a clinical goal for the management of individual patients (< or =100 mg/dL) and a performance measure used to evaluate the care of a population of patients (<130 mg/dL). This article discusses the rationale for each threshold and explains the use of 2 different thresholds for these 2 purposes. Both the NCQA and NCEP expect that the new HEDIS measure will encourage managed care organizations to develop systems that improve secondary prevention of CHD.