tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
T4 A cross-sectional analysis of the effect of COPD on work capability using the birmingham COPD cohort
Authors: K Kalirai, P Adab, R Jordan, D Fitzmaurice, J Ayres
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The effect of COPD on work is poorly understood. Approximately 40% are of working age, however, employment rates are lower compared to others. Little is known about characteristics of COPD patients who remain in employment compared to those who do not. <h3>Aim</h3> To assess which factors are associated with employment status among working age COPD patients. <h3>Methods</h3> 2000 patients with COPD from primary care are being recruited into a three-year cohort study. In addition to clinical data, occupational history and work performance are assessed. Interim baseline data was used to assess associations between employment status, co-morbidities, COPD assessment test (CAT) scores (impact of COPD on HRQL), lung health, BMI and exercise capacity among COPD patients of working age. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 1094 patients recruited 31.8% (n = 348) were of working age (mean age 54.9), of whom 31.6% (n = 110) were in work. Compared to those not in work, working patients were more likely to be male (72.7% vs 52.5%) but were similar in terms of smoking history (ever smokers: 94.4% vs 91.3%). Overall, working patients had fewer co-morbidities. Adjusted for age, sex and smoking status, they were less likely to have cardiovascular disease (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.38 0.87), gastro-intestinal disease (OR = 0.37; 0.20 0.69), cancer (OR = 0.09; 0.01 0.72)) and osteoarthritis (OR = 0.4; 0.19 0.84). Being in work was associated with less dyspnoea (OR = 0.12; 0.05 0.25 for MRC grade 1 vs. grade 5), higher quality of life (OR = 0.34; 0.14 0.85 for low vs. very high CAT score) and a greater exercise capacity (OR = 1.14; 1.08 1.19), but BMI was not associated with employment status (OR = 1.0; 0.97 1.06). There was no difference in disease severity (assessed by GOLD stage) between the two groups (p for trend = 0.16). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first primary care study in the UK to consider the impact of COPD on work capability. COPD patients who are in work tend to be healthier, are less breathless and have a better quality of life than those not in work, even though disease severity in the two groups was similar. The findings from this analysis suggest that being in work is good for health but longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this.
A SERIES OF CASES OF CONGENITAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA EXTERNA (NUCLEAR PARALYSIS) IN THE SAME FAMILY
Authors: H. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1910)

^IL S6 I9IO.]CONGENITALOVATHALMOPLE6IA EYTERINA.' 7 ,, [ . . . ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,,I phlyetenule itself io of tuberculous histological structuresor that it contains the tubercle bacillus.Nevertheless, it is now widely believed that, practically speaking, the characteristic lesion occurs only in those who are the -subjects of tuberculosis, latent or otherWise.The main facts that have led to this change of opinion are:1.The frequency with which -a -family .history* of tubercle can be obtained from the subjects of phlyetenular -disease.2. The frequent coexistence, along with phlyctenular 'disease, of ottier manifestations of tuberculosis as, for ,example, enlarged glands -or joints, otorrhoea with or without mastoid disease, phthisis pulmonalis, dactylitis, ,and scrofalodermia.3. The fact, as shown by the experimental work of J. B. Nias and Leslie Paton,' that the blood of patients suIffering from phlyctenular discase behaves in a manner which is typical of a definite tuberculous infection.As the result of examination of the blood in upwards of *fifty patients with phlyetenular disease, these authors claim that their observations of the opsonic index go far -to support the hypothesis that phlyetenular ulcers are due '4o the escape of attenuated or dead bacilli from some ,distant focas, identified or otherwise, of tuberculous disease.4. The positive result obtained in phlyctenular cases by employing the Koch, Wolff-Eisner-Calmette, von i'irquet, or otlher specific test for tubercle (Stephenson, Derby, Weekers, etc.).
Actinic granulomata in a young woman following prolonged sunbed usage
Authors: M.G. Davies, P. Newman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Actinic granulomata in a young woman following prolonged sunbed usage Get access M.G. Davies, M.G. Davies Departments of Dermatology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Newman P. Newman Departments of Pathology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 5, 1 May 1997, Pages 797–798, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03679.x Published: 01 May 1997
Primary Aldosteronism Associated with Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: James Basiliere, Albert D. Newcomer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Findings consistent with the diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria developed in a patient with primary aldosteronism. Although these two diseases probably arise independently, they may be inter-related. It is well documented that certain steroid hormones can cause exacerbations of acute intermittent porphyria. This is presumably due to stimulation of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase, which is the enzyme in the rate-limiting first step of the porphyrin-heme pathway. All the steroids with strong porphyria-inducing activity share the 5β-hydrogen (A:B cis) configuration. Although aldosterone lacks the 5β-hydrogen, its major metabolite, tetrahydroaldosterone, does not. This metabolite of aldosterone may be active in induction of ALA-synthetase. Since removal of the aldosteronoma, the patient has had two attacks of porphyria and continues to have mild hypertension.
Adjuvant oestrogen therapy does not improve disease activity in postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: H R van den Brink, A A van Everdingen, M J van Wijk, J W Jacobs, J W Bijlsma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

To investigate whether oestrogens can be used as treatment to diminish disease activity in women with rheumatoid arthritis.Forty postmenopausal female patients with active rheumatoid arthritis participated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study on the possible beneficial effect of adjuvant treatment of oestradiol on disease activity.Thirty three patients completed 52 weeks of treatment with 2 mg oestradiol-valerate or placebo. No statistically significant difference was found in and between both treatment groups with regard to articular indices, pain score by visual analogue scale, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and health questionnaire on daily activities before, during and at the end of the study.This first randomised prospective placebo-controlled study shows no beneficial effect of oestrogens on disease activity in postmenopausal female patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
A Case of False-Positive Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in a Patient With Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Panagiotis Georgoulias, Nikolaos Demakopoulos, Petros Xaplanteris, Georgios Mortzos, Ioannis Fezoulidis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

False-positive myocardial perfusion imaging with left bundle branch block has been known for at least 10 years. The association with a rapid heart rate has not been emphasized in the past. The authors present a case of a 51-year-old woman with moderate hypercholesterinemia and hypertension who was referred for myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging because of a 4-month history of atypical chest pain. The resting electrocardiogram showed left bundle branch block (LBBB). She underwent a myocardial scanning in combination with coronary vasodilation using adenosine. During the infusion of adenosine, the patient did not report precardiac symptoms. The heart rate increased from 72 to 138 beats per minute, whereas the blood pressure decreased from 155/100 mm Hg to 140/95 mm Hg. Stress myocardial imaging exhibited extensive perfusion defects, whereas the images at rest showed improvement in all the observed defects. Because of the dramatic increase in heart rate during vasodilatation, the patient underwent repeat stress myocardial perfusion imaging with adenosine 2 weeks later while receiving beta-blocker medication. During adenosine infusion, there was only a minimal increase in heart rate from 68 to 77 beats per minute and scanning did not show myocardial ischemia.
Endoscopic extraction of <i>Fasciolopsis buski</i>
Authors: M. Murugesh, S. Veerendra, S. Madhu, S. Kude, A. Amrapurkar, U. Rathi, P. Rathi
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 20-year-old, married, primigravida presented with a history of epigastric discomfort, nausea, and vomiting for 3 days. On the day of admission, she gave a history of vomiting up a 3 - 4-cm, pear-shaped, reddish-brown worm, which moved for a few seconds after it was vomited and then died. On further enquiry, the patient gave a history of consumption of vegetables that had been washed in pond water.
<i>Nf1</i> mutant mice with <i>p19ARF</i> gene loss develop accelerated hematopoietic disease resembling acute leukemia with a variable phenotype
Authors: Stephen M. Wiesner, Jennifer L. Geurts, Miechaleen D. Diers, Rachel J. Bergerson, Diane E. Hasz, Kelly J. Morgan, David A. Largaespada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) is a relentlessly progressive myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic (MPD/MDS) hematopoietic disorder more common in patients with any one of at least three distinct genetic lesions, specifically NF1 gene loss and PTPN11 and NRAS mutations. NF1 and PTPN11 are molecular lesions associated with Neurofibromatosis Syndrome Type I (NF1 Syndrome) and Noonan's Syndrome, respectively. The occurrence of JMML is rare; even among those predisposed with these syndromes to development of disease, and secondary genetic events likely contribute to the development and progression of disease. In NF1 syndrome, loss of p53 function is a common event in solid tumors, but uncommon in JMML, suggesting that the p53 pathway may be modified by other events in this hematopoietic disorder. The work presented here investigates the possible role of the p19(Arf) (p19) tumor suppressor in development of MPD associated with Nf1 gene loss in mice. We find that Nf1 mutant hematopoietic cells with loss of p19 develop accelerated hematopoietic disease similar to acute leukemia with a variable phenotype. This suggests that p19 may play a role in development of JMML and evaluation of the human p19 homolog (p14(ARF)) in JMML may be informative.
Intracellular uptake and behavior of two types zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) micelles, SMA-ZnPP and PEG-ZnPP as anticancer agents; unique intracellular disintegration of SMA micelles
Authors: Hideaki Nakamura, Jun Fang, Bharate Gahininath, Kenji Tsukigawa, Hiroshi Maeda
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Cancer Stem Cells and the Ontogeny of Lung Cancer
Authors: Craig D. Peacock, D. Neil Watkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world today and is poised to claim approximately 1 billion lives during the 21st century. A major challenge in treating this and other cancers is the intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies demonstrated by the stem/progenitor cell that is responsible for the sustained growth, survival, and invasion of the tumor. Identifying these stem cells in lung cancer and defining the biologic processes necessary for their existence is paramount in developing new clinical approaches with the goal of preventing disease recurrence. This review summarizes our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms operating within the putative cancer-initiating cell at the core of lung neoplasia.
Prolonged Oliguria with Survival in Acute Bilateral Cortical Necrosis
Authors: J. Walls, W. J. Schorr, D. N. S. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Survival is uncommon in cases of acute bilateral cortical necrosis. Three cases admitted to the renal unit at Newcastle have regained useful renal function after oliguric phases of 38, 46, and 120 days.Prolonged periods of intermittent dialysis are justified in patients in whom a firm diagnosis of acute cortical necrosis is made.
Decrease in skin collagen glycation with improved glycemic control in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: T J Lyons, K E Bailie, D G Dyer, J A Dunn, J W Baynes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Glycation, oxidation, and nonenzymatic browning of protein have all been implicated in the development of diabetic complications. The initial product of glycation of protein, fructoselysine (FL), undergoes further reactions, yielding a complex mixture of browning products, including the fluorescent lysine-arginine cross-link, pentosidine. Alternatively, FL may be cleaved oxidatively to form N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), while glycated hydroxylysine, an amino-acid unique to collagen, may yield N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)hydroxylysine (CMhL). We have measured FL, pentosidine, fluorescence (excitation = 328 nm, emission = 378 nm), CML, and CMhL in insoluble skin collagen from 14 insulin-dependent diabetic patients before and after a 4-mo period of intensive therapy to improve glycemic control. Mean home blood glucose fell from 8.7 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- 1 SD) to 6.8 +/- 1.4 mM (P less than 0.005), and mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1) from 11.6 +/- 2.3% to 8.3 +/- 1.1% (P less than 0.001). These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in glycation of skin collagen, from 13.2 +/- 4.3 to 10.6 +/- 2.3 mmol FL/mol lysine (P less than 0.002). However, levels of browning and oxidation products (pentosidine, CML, and CMhL) and fluorescence were unchanged. These results show that the glycation of long-lived proteins can be decreased by improved glycemic control, but suggest that once cumulative damage to collagen by browning and oxidation reactions has occurred, it may not be readily reversed. Thus, in diabetic patients, institution and maintenance of good glycemic control at any time could potentially limit the extent of subsequent long-term damage to proteins by glycation and oxidation reactions.
Developmental Exposure of Rats to Chlorpyrifos Leads to Behavioral Alterations in Adulthood, Involving Serotonergic Mechanisms and Resembling Animal Models of Depression
Authors: Justin E. Aldridge, Edward D. Levin, Frederic J. Seidler, Theodore A. Slotkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) causes persistent changes in serotonergic (5HT) systems. We administered 1 mg/kg/day CPF to rats on postnatal days 1-4, a regimen below the threshold for systemic toxicity. When tested in adulthood, CPF-exposed animals showed abnormalities in behavioral tests that involve 5HT mechanisms. In the elevated plus maze, males treated with CPF spent more time in the open arms, an effect seen with 5HT deficiencies in animal models of depression. Similarly, in an anhedonia test, the CPF-exposed group showed a decreased preference for chocolate milk versus water. Developmental CPF exposure also has lasting effects on cognitive function. We replicated our earlier finding that developmental CPF exposure ablates the normal sex differences in 16-arm radial maze learning and memory: during acquisition training, control male rats typically perform more accurately than do control females, but CPF treatment eliminated this normal sex difference. Females exposed to CPF showed a reduction in working and reference memory errors down to the rate of control males. Conversely, CPF-exposed males exhibited an increase in working and reference memory errors. After radial-arm acquisition training, we assessed the role of 5HT by challenging the animals with the 5HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin. Ketanserin did not affect performance in controls but elicited dose-dependent increases in working and reference memory errors in the CPF group, indicating an abnormal dependence on 5HT systems. Our results indicate that neonatal CPF exposures, classically thought to be subtoxic, produce lasting changes in 5HT-related behaviors that resemble animal models of depression.
Only 3% of NHS trusts failed to balance their books in 2007-8
Authors: P. Dinsdale
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Most NHS hospital and primary care trusts in England improved their financial performance in the last financial year, a report by the government’s auditors says, but some are still performing poorly and need to take “immediate action” to rectify faults.

The third such annual report by the Audit Commission shows that half of the 302 trusts assessed performed “well or strongly” in the use of their resources and that only 3% failed to balance their books in 2007-8. The report does not include foundation trusts.

The survey found that 282 (93%) of the trusts met or exceeded minimum standards for their overall use of resources. Trusts in the area covered by the …
Left Atrial Pressure Pulse in Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: ANDREW G. MORROW, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, J. ALEX HALLER, EDWARD H. SHARP
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Left atrial pressures were determined by transbronchial puncture in 53 patients with mitral valve disease of proved type, and were analyzed by several methods. Two new methods of analysis, the rate of the y descent divided by the mean left atrial pressure, and the y descent for each 0.1-second interval divided by the mean left atrial pressure afforded the best separation of the patients with mitral insufficiency from those with mitral stenosis requiring a commissurotomy. In the presence of predominant mitral stenosis, however, the severity of accompanying mitral regurgitation could not be assessed.
Increased Dopamine D<sub>2</sub>Receptor Occupancy and Elevated Prolactin Level Associated With Addition of Haloperidol to Clozapine
Authors: Shitij Kapur, Paul Roy, Jeff Daskalakis, Gary Remington, Robert Zipursky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The authors added haloperidol, a potent D2 blocker, to ongoing treatment with clozapine in patients with schizophrenia to determine the effects of this combination on dopamine D2 receptor blockade, prolactin level, and extrapyramidal side effects. METHOD: At baseline and 4–8 weeks after the addition of haloperidol (4 mg/day) to ongoing clozapine treatment, five patients were examined for prolactin elevation, extrapyramidal side effects, drug plasma levels, and D2 receptor occupancy measured with [11C]raclopride and positron emission tomography imaging. RESULTS: Adding haloperidol significantly increased D2 receptor occupancy, from a mean of 55% to 79%, and significantly increased the prolactin level. One patient developed akathisia, and another manifested mild extrapyramidal side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Adding a modest dose of haloperidol to clozapine results in the high D2 receptor occupancy and sustained prolactin elevation usually associated with typical antipsychotics. These findings suggest that the lack of prolactin elevation associated with clozapine derives mainly from low D2 receptor occupancy and not from the medication's effects on other receptors.
Case of Unconscious Automatic Acts in an Epileptic
Authors: A. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1877)

place.Before leaving the hospital, the limb was surrounded by paste.board aild a starched bandage, so as to keep the knee perfectly at rest.g... ~~~r I.From time to time, the patient attended as an out-patient, and the condition of the joint was occasionally investigated; but no improvement took place in the union of the bones.After this, I lost sight of the case until recently, when I had an opportunity of examining the patient and of having photographs taken of the limb.
PWE-089 The roles of CYP2C40 and CYP2C55 in preventing colon cancer
Authors: M Albert, A Bennett
Journal: Gut (2012)

Introduction Certain Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites are thought to induce therapeutic effects in the colon via activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), specifically the PPAR α subtype. The activation of PPAR α leads to changes in the expression and activity of target genes and other transcription factors such as COX-2, NF-KB and AP-1, resulting in anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic effects. CYP2C40 and CYP2C55 are two recently discovered CYPs, isolated from the murine intestinal tract. Their metabolites include 16-HETE, 8,9-EET and 14,15-EET which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. Evidence suggests that CYP2C40 and CYP2C55 may have a potential therapeutic role to play in colon tumorigenesis. This study aims to determine whether PPAR activation leads to an up-regulation in the expression of CYP2C40 and CYP2C55. Methods CYP2C40 and CYP2C55 promoter regions were isolated from murine DNA via PCR and inserted into a luciferase plasmid (pGL4.10). Plasmid DNA was cloned following transfection into highly competent cells and purified via Midi-Prep recovery. Purified plasmids were transfected into COS-7 and HCA-7 cells and the cells were treated with PPAR α, β and γ ligands Wy14643, GW0742 and Rosiglitazone (COS-7 cells had PPAR α/β/γ over-expressed). Cells were harvested after 24 h incubation and luciferase activity (equivalent to gene expression) was measured in relative light units (RLU) using a reporter assay system. Results In COS-7 cells PPAR α, β and γ ligands led to a significant increase in CYP2C40 RLU from a baseline measurement of (mean (±SD)) 235 (20) to 726 (45), 458 (61) and 466 (42) for PPAR α, β and γ respectively. CYP2C55 showed a significant increase from 154 (6) to 263 (10) and 354 (21) for PPAR α and β respectively (p=0.001). HCA-7 cells were shown to only express endogenous PPAR α and following incubation with PPAR α, β and γ ligands a significant RLU increase was observed in CYP2C40 from 55 (13) to 126 (17) and in CYP2C55 from 62 (11) to 111 (4) for PPAR α (p=0.001). Conclusion The results suggest that a functional peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) exists within the promoter regions of CYP2C40 and CYP2C55 and that activation of PPAR α within the HCA-7 cell line leads to a significant increase in CYP2C40 and CYP2C55 expression. Given the beneficial properties of PPAR α and CYP derived AA metabolites it seems that CYP2C40 and CYP2C55 may become important future therapeutic targets in colon cancer. Competing interests None declared.