tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autonomic Influence on Pregnancy Outcome in IDDM
Authors: KE Juhani Airaksinen, L Marjatta Anttila, Markku K Linnaluoto, Pentti I Jouppila, Juha T Takkunen, Pasi I Salmela
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

We evaluated the autonomic influence on pregnancy outcome with prospective study of 100 consecutive pregnancies in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Tests of cardiovascular autonomic nervous function were performed at the beginning of each pregnancy, and two groups were formed. Group 1 was comprised of 23 pregnancies with autonomic dysfunction, and group 2 was comprised of 77 pregnancies with no abnormalities in cardiovascular tests. Elective abortion was later induced for medical reasons in two cases in group 1, and these women were excluded from the study. The groups were comparable with respect to age, duration of diabetes, and presence of nephropathy. Both groups also achieved comparable glycemic control during pregnancy. There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 in any specific pregnancy complication (spontaneous abortions, 5 vs. 3%; perinatal mortality, 10 vs. 1%; congenital malformations, 10 vs. 4%; respiratory distress syndrome, 5 vs. 8%; preeclampsia, 20 vs. 10%; maternal ketoacidosis, 4 vs. 0%; and maternal hypoglycemic accidents, 10 vs. 4%, respectively), but the frequency of pregnancies with at least one of the above complications was greater in group 1 (52 vs. 23%, P = 0.01). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed the association between autonomic dysfunction and pregnancy outcome to be independent of high initial glycosylated hemoglobin levels, long duration of diabetes, and nephropathy. Maternal autonomic dysfunction seems to be associated with an increased frequency of overall pregnancy complications but does not significantly interfere with the achievement of tight metabolic control during pregnancy.
Recognizing Worsening Chronic Heart Failure as an Entity and an End Point in Clinical Trials
Authors: Javed Butler, Eugene Braunwald, Mihai Gheorghiade
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: PAUL D. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The relationship of the use of tobacco and of alcohol to angina pectoris is a matter of widespread interest and great importance, and yet it continues to be merely a topic for idle speculation and medical gossip. No extensive and reliable data have been published to throw light on it, although occasional remarks and opinions have been expressed in accounts of this symptom of angina pectoris, or if statistics have been presented they have been either inadequate in themselves or else inadequately controlled. We have therefore considered it worth while to study one aspect of the subject by analyzing the habits in the use of tobacco and alcohol of a series of 750 patients of our own with angina pectoris as contrasted to the habits of a series of 750 individuals of the same sex and age incidence and from the same walks of life who did not have angina
CURRENT STATUS OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: David T. Carr
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Specific antimicrobial therapy has been accepted generally as of great value in the treatment of tuberculosis. Intensive clinical investigations, particularly those sponsored by the Veterans Administration-Army-Navy Conference, are constantly adding to our knowledge in this field. For this reason, it is necessary to reconsider and revise our regimens of treatment at frequent intervals. In spite of the progress that has been made in the treatment of tuberculosis, there is no evidence that any drug or combination of drugs is sufficiently potent so that other forms of treatment, such as rest, collapse therapy, and excision, may be dispensed with. Consequently, it should be emphasized that from the beginning specific antimicrobial therapy should be carefully coordinated with other forms of treatment. In most instances this is best done in a tuberculosis hospital or in the tuberculosis division of a general hospital. Whereas the discovery of penicillin simplified the treatment of pneumococcic pneumonia
Young Age as a Prognostic Factor for Operable Breast Cancer: Significance of Molecular Subtype in Recurrence-Free Survival.
Authors: E. Kim, W. Han, D. Noh
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is uncommon in young women. Biology of the disease in this age group is poorly understood and the prognostic significance of young age at diagnosis remains controversial. We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of younger breast cancer patients (≤35 years of age), and assessed the prognostic significance of young age according to molecular subtype.Methods: We analyzed 2,474 primary invasive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery between 2000 and 2005. The younger age group consisted of patients aged ≤35 years. Subtypes were defined by expression of hormone receptor (HR) and HER2: luminal (HR+ irrespective of HER2 status), triple-negative (HR- and HER2-) and HER2 (HR- and HER2+).Results: A total of 229 (9.3%) patients were aged ≤35 years. Breast cancers in this age group were associated with larger size, higher lymph node positivity, higher nuclear and histological grades, and elevated Ki-67 index, compared with tumors in older patients. Younger patients had a greater probability of recurrence than older patients (P&amp;lt;0.001). By multivariate analysis, young age remained a significant predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.06; P=0.004). When the cancer subtypes were considered, young age was a significant predictor of recurrence in patients with both luminal and HER2 subtypes. In patients with the triple-negative subtype, however, young age was not a predictor of recurrence.Conclusions: Young age (≤35 years) was an independent predictor of recurrence for operable breast cancer patients with the luminal and HER2 subtypes, but not for those with the triple-negative subtype. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4063.
Activation of JAK-STAT and MAP Kinases by Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Through gp130 in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Keita Kunisada, Hisao Hirota, Yasushi Fujio, Hideo Matsui, Yoshihiko Tani, Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara, Tadamitsu Kishimoto
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Interleukin (IL)-6–related cytokines share gp130 as the signal-transducing protein. Downstream of gp130, two signal-transducing pathways have been recognized, the Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway and the Ras–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. To determine whether these two signaling pathways through gp130 are present in cardiac myocytes, we examined their activation by using leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which is a member of the IL-6 cytokine family. Methods and Results Lysates from neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were immunoprecipitated with anti-gp130, anti-JAK1, or anti-STAT3 antibody and blotted with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Tyrosine phosphorylation of gp130, JAK1, and STAT3 was observed after LIF stimulation in cardiac myocytes. MAPKs were maximally activated 5 minutes after LIF stimulation. Furthermore, anti-gp130 antibody significantly inhibited the LIF-induced activation of JAK1, STAT3, and MAPKs. To examine whether these signaling pathways were also activated in the adult heart in vivo, LIF was injected intravenously into a 6-week-old mouse, and the heart was examined subsequently. gp130, STAT3, and MAPKs were activated in the heart after LIF treatment. Conclusions These results demonstrate for the first time that a JAK-STAT pathway and a MAPK pathway are present downstream of gp130 in cardiac myocytes and are rapidly activated by LIF both in vitro and in vivo. Activation of gp130 constitutes a novel signaling pathway in cardiac myocytes.
High‐dose dexamethasone for refractory or relapsing multiple myeloma
Authors: William R. Friedenberg, Robert A. Kyle, William H. Knospe, John M. Bennett, Anastasios A. Tsiatis, Martin M. Oken
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract In order to assess the efficacy and toxicity of dexamethasone as a single agent without the concomitant infusion of Adriamycin and vincristine (VAD), an ECOG pilot study was initiated using 40 mg by mouth daily for 4 days every week for 8 weeks. Patients who responded were then maintained on the same treatment, but at 2 week intervals. Of the 32 patients evaluable for response, three were completely refractory to all prior therapy. All patients had advanced disease and 26 had received multiple prior treatments. There were 13/32 (40%) objective responses by ECOG criteria. Of the 28 patients evaluable for subjective response, i.e., significant decrease in performance status and/or bone pain, eight (28.5%) responded. Of the 34 patients evaluable for toxicity, 19 patients (55%) had moderate to severe side effects, including nine who had central nervous system effects, three who had gastrointestinal bleeding, two who had pulmonary emboli, one with psychosis, and four who had serious infections with one death. Median survival for the entire group was 19 weeks, with 31 weeks in the responders and 9 weeks in the non‐responders. Although high‐dose dexamethasone is capable of producing a significant number of partial responses (40%), it is associated with excessive toxicity. Less frequent administration of the dexamethasone at 2 week intervals was well tolerated in the maintenance of partial response, but has not been studied for efficacy in induction of remission.
Reversal of P-glycoprotein–Mediated Multidrug Resistance by the Murine Double Minute 2 Antagonist Nutlin-3
Authors: Martin Michaelis, Florian Rothweiler, Denise Klassert, Andreas von Deimling, Kristoffer Weber, Boris Fehse, Bernd Kammerer, Hans Wilhelm Doerr, Jindrich Cinatl
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) negatively regulates the activity of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Nutlin-3 is a MDM2 inhibitor under preclinical investigation as nongenotoxic activator of the p53 pathway for cancer therapy. Here, nutlin-3 was evaluated for its activity alone or in combination with established chemotherapeutic drugs for antitumor action in chemosensitive and chemoresistant neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Effects of nutlin-3 single treatment were much more pronounced in p53 wild-type cell lines (IC50s &amp;lt;3 μmol/L) than in p53-mutated cell lines (IC50s &amp;gt;17 μmol/L). In sharp contrast to the expectations, nutlin-3 concentrations that did not affect viability of p53-mutated cell lines strongly increased the efficacy of vincristine in p53-mutated, P-glycoprotein (P-gp)–overexpressing cell lines (decrease in IC50s 92- to 3,434-fold). Similar results were obtained for other P-gp substrates. Moreover, nutlin-3 reduced efflux of rhodamine 123 and other fluorescence dyes that are effluxed by P-gp. Investigation of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells stably transfected with plasmids encoding for P-gp (MDCKII MDR1) or multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP-1, MDCKII MRP1) revealed that nutlin-3 not only interferes with P-gp but also affects MRP-1–mediated efflux. Kinetic studies and investigation of P-gp-ATPase activity showed that nutlin-3 is likely to act as a P-gp transport substrate. Examination of the nutlin-3 enantiomers nutlin-3a and nutlin-3b revealed that, in contrast to MDM2-inhibitory activity that is limited to nutlin-3a, both enantiomers similarly interfere with P-gp–mediated drug efflux. In conclusion, nutlin-3–induced inhibition of P-gp and MRP-1 was discovered as a novel anticancer mechanism of the substance in this report. [Cancer Res 2009;69(2):416–21]
Desert Storm—Moves Into History
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

DESERT STORM, like all wars, has produced noncombat casualties. Many of these deaths involving US military people were on Saudi Arabia's sandswept highways, some of which are divided but many of which are narrow and full of everything from fast-moving private automobiles to the occasional wandering camel. Military traffic moving to the Kuwait border has taxed these roads. Among those killed in military vehicles is an Army physician. Other deaths among US service personnel involved their own weapons, accidentally discharged, or aircraft lost to noncombat causes. US Navy, Army, and Air Force physicians say the accidental death rate still remains relatively low for a population greater than 500 000 when the shooting stopped. These physicians also say that there have been no additional types of naturally occurring infectious diseases among the troops. The amount of illness that has occurred has been minimal.
Pseudothrombocytopenia induced by a monoclonal IgM kappa platelet agglutinin
Authors: Robert H. Hoyt, Brian G. M. Durie
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Pseudothrombocytopenia is an in vitro phenomenon usually associated with anticoagulant (EDTA)‐dependent IgG platelet agglutinins. A low Coulter platelet count was investigated in a 63‐year‐old woman with multiple sclerosis and a monoclonal IgM kappa gammopathy. An unusual type of EDTA‐ and temperature‐independent IgM platelet agglutinin was identified by in vitro agglutination of donor platelets and was removed by immunoabsorption.
Esophageal submucosal dissection under steady pressure automatically controlled endoscopy (SPACE): a randomized preclinical trial
Authors: K. Nakajima, J. Moon, S. Tsutsui, Y. Miyazaki, M. Yamasaki, T. Yamada, M. Kato, K. Yasuda, K. Sumiyama, N. Yahagi, Y. Saida, H. Kondo, T. Nishida, M. Mori, Y. Doki
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> A new overtube system has been developed for steady pressure automatically controlled endoscopy (SPACE) in the gastrointestinal tract. The objectives of this study were to validate the feasibility and safety of SPACE in the esophagus, and to evaluate its potential advantages over conventional (manually insufflating) endoscopy in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). <b>Methods:</b> This was a multicenter preclinical trial using acute porcine models (n = 20). In Experiment 1 (feasibility/safety study), SPACE was attempted in the esophagus with continuous monitoring of cardiopulmonary parameters and intraluminal pressures in the downstream bowel. Different insufflation pressures were tested to optimize the insufflation condition. Each session was video-recorded and scored by blinded reviewers. In Experiment 2 (randomized trial), esophageal ESD was attempted using either SPACE or conventional endoscopy, and results were compared. <b>Results:</b> In Experiment 1, SPACE was performed safely without intraluminal pressure elevation in the downstream bowel. According to video review, SPACE provided more stable, reproducible, and rapid visualization than conventional endoscopy. The insufflation pressure was optimized at 14 mmHg for esophageal SPACE. In Experiment 2, ESD was completed in all animals. The ESD time was significantly shorter with SPACE compared with conventional endoscopy (1326 vs. 1616 seconds; <i>P</i> = 0.009). Responses to questionnaires showed that 94 % – 100 % of participants considered SPACE to provide improved exposure and more uniform tissue tension than conventional endoscopy. Other data were comparable. <b>Conclusions:</b> SPACE is feasible, safe, and potentially effective for complicated endoscopic procedures, such as ESD. SPACE improves and standardizes endoscopic exposure and tissue tension. A clinical study is required to further confirm its safety and clinical effectiveness.
Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein-1 Specifically Suppresses Early Production of Host Interferon-γ
Authors: Marthe C. D'Ombrain, Till S. Voss, Alexander G. Maier, J. Andrew Pearce, Diana S. Hansen, Alan F. Cowman, Louis Schofield
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2007)
Preventive Measures for Patients at Risk for Amputation From Diabetes and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Philip P. Goodney, Asha McClurg, Emily L. Spangler, Benjamin S. Brooke, Randall R. DeMartino, David H. Stone, Brian W. Nolan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

When patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) receive treatment for vascular disease, amputation rates tend to be lower, suggesting that greater utilization of vascular care is associated with lower amputation risk (1). However, procedural care is not provided in isolation. Patients should be engaged in a care system where preventive measures, such as hemoglobin A1c testing, podiatric care, and noninvasive vascular testing are routinely provided (2,3). However, it remains unknown how commonly patients at risk for amputation actually receive preventive measures. Therefore, we studied how commonly patients at risk for amputation actually receive evidence-based preventive measures aimed at limiting amputation.

We identified a cohort of 52,505 patients with diabetes and PAD in Medicare claims (2008–2009), who had been admitted to the hospital for an episode of lower …
EXTENSIVE LACERATION OF THE EXTERNAL OCULAR MUSCLES; DIPLOPIA; SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY.
Authors: WALTER L. PYLE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

<h3>History of the Injury.</h3> —The patient was a practicing physician, aged 44 years, in good general health, and had never worn glasses. While riding a bicycle across his lawn at night, he ran into a blunt splicing hook of a clothes-line made of No. 10 telephone wire. The end of the hook entered the conjunctiva of the right eye, near the inner canthus, and tore its way out toward the external canthus, keeping below the cornea. The conjunctiva, subconjunctival tissue, and ocular muscle-tissue were extensively lacerated, and the end of the hook was found to be covered with blood, shreds of conjunctiva, subconjunctival tissue and fibers of muscle substance. The sclera was not perforated. The eye was dressed antiseptically and free boric acid irrigations were employed. Bleeding was quickly checked, and the wound healed kindly. However, there was immediate diplopia, which no prismatic combination tried by a local optician could
Postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction: correlated factors and prognostic implications
Authors: Wei-Tien Chang, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma, Kuo-Liong Chien, Chien-Hua Huang, Min-Shan Tsai, Fuh-Yuan Shih, Ann Yuan, Kuang-Chau Tsai, Fang-Yue Lin, Yuan-Teh Lee, Wen-Jone Chen
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
Metoclopramide: An Aid in the Diagnosis of Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage by Technetium-99m Labeled Red Blood Cells
Authors: M DAVID WIENER, RUSSELL BLINDER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A case of right colonic hemorrhage in a patient with an adynamic intestinal ileus was documented by Tc-99m red blood cells (RBC) with the aid of metoclopramide. Metoclopramide is a commonly used pharmaceutical that stimulates motility primarily in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Colonic transit of the extravasated labeled red blood cells was demonstrated only after intravenous administration of metoclopramide, aiding in localization of the bleeding site. Metoclopramide may be a useful adjuvant in localizing the site of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage with Tc-99m RBC in patients with adynamic ileus.
Leukapheresis in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Authors: S.V. BELTER, J. KNOP, K. BRUSKE, C. SORG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Leukapheresis in the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas Get access S.V. BELTER, S.V. BELTER Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. KNOP, J. KNOP Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, West Germany Dr J.Knop, Universitäts‐Hautklinik, von‐Esmarch‐Str. 56, D‐4400 Münster, West Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. BRÜSKE, K. BRÜSKE Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. SORG C. SORG Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue 2, 1 August 1986, Pages 159–166, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb05712.x Published: 01 August 1986 Article history Accepted: 20 January 1986 Published: 01 August 1986
Randomized Trial of Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Versus Systemic Chemotherapy and Palliative Surgery in Patients With Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Vic J. Verwaal, Serge van Ruth, Eelco de Bree, Gooike W. van Slooten, Harm van Tinteren, Henk Boot, Frans A.N. Zoetmulder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To confirm the findings from uncontrolled studies that aggressive cytoreduction in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is superior to standard treatment in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer origin.Between February 1998 and August 2001, 105 patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard treatment consisting of systemic chemotherapy (fluorouracil-leucovorin) with or without palliative surgery, or experimental therapy consisting of aggressive cytoreduction with HIPEC, followed by the same systemic chemotherapy regime. The primary end point was survival.After a median follow-up period of 21.6 months, the median survival was 12.6 months in the standard therapy arm and 22.3 months in the experimental therapy arm (log-rank test, P =.032). The treatment-related mortality in the aggressive therapy group was 8%. Most complications from HIPEC were related to bowel leakage. Subgroup analysis of the HIPEC group showed that patients with 0 to 5 of the 7 regions of the abdominal cavity involved by tumor at the time of the cytoreduction had a significantly better survival than patients with 6 or 7 affected regions (log-rank test, P <.0001). If the cytoreduction was macroscopically complete (R-1), the median survival was also significantly better than in patients with limited (R-2a), or extensive residual disease (R-2b; log-rank test, P <.0001).Cytoreduction followed by HIPEC improves survival in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. However, patients with involvement of six or more regions of the abdominal cavity, or grossly incomplete cytoreduction, had still a grave prognosis.