tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Necessity of Routine Chest Roentgenography after Thoracentesis
Authors: James J. Doyle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine the necessity of posteroanterior chest roentgenography for the identification of pneumothorax and other complications after thoracentesis. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients: 67 men and 43 women (mean age ±SD, 62.4 ± 13.2 years). Exclusion criteria included age younger than 18 years, concurrent pleural biopsy, ultrasound guidance, and use of mechanical ventilation. Measurements: 174 thoracenteses done between March 1991 and June 1993. Results: 2 hemothoraces (1.2%) occurred, and 8 patients had a total of 9 pneumothoraces (5.2%). The roentgenograms obtained immediately after the procedures identified 8 pneumothoraces; the other pneumothorax was seen incidentally on a delayed roentgenogram obtained 3 days later. Pneumothorax was suspected in 5 of the 8 cases, and tube thoracostomy was done in 4 of these 5 cases. Patients with unsuspected pneumothorax identified on the roentgenogram obtained immediately after the procedure did not receive treatment for their pneumothoraces. Univariate analysis showed that the variables that correlated significantly with pneumothorax were aspiration of air during the procedure (relative risk ratio, 12.3; 95% CI, 3.7 to 41.4), number of passes with the thoracentesis needle (relative risk ratio, 6.1; CI, 1.6 to 23.3), history of thoracic radiation therapy (relative risk ratio, 10.5; CI, 2.5 to 44.4), and operator suspicion of pneumothorax (relative risk ratio, 25.9; CI, 8.6 to 78.5). Conclusion: Among hospitalized patients with pleural effusions, we identified a subgroup of patients in whom the risk for pneumothorax is low enough (approximately 1%) with sufficiently minimal clinical consequences to justify the avoidance of about 60% of chest roentgenograms obtained after thoracentesis. These patients are clinically stable, have not previously received chest irradiation, had only one pass at thoracentesis attempted without the aspiration of any air, and give no other indication of pneumothorax.
PiggyBac Transposon-mediated Gene Transfer in Human Cells
Authors: Matthew H Wilson, Craig J Coates, Alfred L George
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Transposons are mobile genetic elements that can be used to integrate transgenes into host cell genomes. The piggyBac transposon system has been used for transgenesis of insects and for germline mutagenesis in mice. We compared transposition activity of piggyBac with Sleeping Beauty (SB), a widely used transposon system for preclinical gene therapy studies. An engineered piggyBac transposon with minimal length 5' and 3' terminal repeats exhibited greater transposition activity in transfected cultured human cells than a well-characterized hyperactive SB system. PiggyBac excision was very precise as evidenced by the typical absence of "footprint" mutations at the site of transposon excision. We mapped 575 piggyBac integration sites in human cells to determine site selectivity of genomic integration. PiggyBac demonstrated non-random integration site selectivity that differed from that previously reported for SB, including a higher preference for integrations in regions surrounding transcriptional start sites and within long terminal repeat elements. Importantly, overproduction inhibition was not observed with piggyBac, a major limitation of the SB system. This permitted the generation of combination "helper-independent" piggyBac transposase-transposon vectors that exhibited a 2-fold increase of transposition activity in human cells as compared with cells transfected with separate transposon and transposase plasmids. We conclude that piggyBac is a transposon system with certain properties, including high efficiency and lack of overproduction inhibition that are advantageous in preclinical development of transposon-based gene therapy.
Clinical experience and patch testing using colophony (rosin) from different sources
Authors: A.-T. KARLBERG, C. LIDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Patients with suspected allergy to colophony were patch-tested with colophony (rosin) of different kinds (gum rosin, tall oil rosin). More cases of allergy were detected by testing with more than one type of colophony. Tall oil rosin produced a smaller number of positive reactions than the gum rosins tested, which suggests a lower allergenic activity. Venice turpentine was a useful additional screening substance. When different test concentrations were compared (20% and 5%) the lower concentration failed to reveal four of 30 cases. The patients' eczema had been caused chiefly by contact with colophony in their work.
Neurotoxicity testing: a discussion of in vitro alternatives.
Authors: L G Costa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

A large number of chemicals may exert adverse effects on the central and/or peripheral nervous system. A commonly recommended strategy for neurotoxicity testing is that of a tiered approach aimed at identifying and characterizing the neurotoxicity of a compound. Guidelines exist in the United States and other countries that define the tests to be utilized in tier 1 testing. To address problems related to the increasing cost and time required for toxicity testing, the increasing number of chemicals being developed, and the concern of animal welfare activists, attention is currently being devoted to in vitro alternatives. This paper addresses the use of in vitro systems in neurotoxicology, and their potential role in a general strategy for neurotoxicity testing. The advantages and disadvantages of in vitro approaches for mechanistic studies and for screening of neurotoxicants are discussed. Suggestions for further validation studies are proposed.
Interaction between dose and susceptibility to environmental cancer: a short review.
Authors: E Hietanen, K Husgafvel-Pursiainen, H Vainio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Increased risk of environmentally induced cancer is associated with various types of exposures and host factors, including differences in carcinogen metabolism. Since many carcinogenic compounds require metabolic activation to enable them to react with cellular macromolecules, individual features of carcinogen metabolism may play an essential role in the development of environmental cancer. In this context, cigarette smoking has often been the main type of carcinogenic exposure examined in human studies. Increasing attention has recently been paid to the dose level at which individual susceptibility may be observed. Present studies on increased risk of smoking-related lung cancer associated with phenotypic or genotypic variation of the genes encoding for CYP1A1 or CYP2D6 enzymes are summarized. Similarly, higher risks of lung or bladder cancer seen at various levels of smoking in association with polymorphism of the glutathione S-transferase gene GSTM1 or NAT1 and NAT2 genes involved in N-acetylation are reviewed. Finally, the influence of CYP2E1, GSTM1, or the combined at-risk genotype on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in smokers is briefly discussed.
Letter: Beta-blockade in the presence of renal disease and hypertension.
Authors: D J Warren, C P Swainson, N Wright
Journal: BMJ (1974)

recent reports.2It is recommended that potentially lethal infection with Str.pneumoniae or H. influenzae be seriously considered in any asplenic patient with pyrexia which is not readily explaned and, if leucocytosis is found, that treatment with ampicillin be commenced inmmediately after obtaining blood for culture.Asplenuic patients presenting with meningitis or Waterhouse- Friderichsen syndromle should be treated with a regimean including an antibiotic effec- tive against boith Str.pneumoniae and H. influenzae-for example, intravenous am- picillin-until the causal organism has been cldarly identified.
Doctors warn local authorities about putting sexual health services out to tender
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Royal College of Physicians and the body that represents genitourinary medicine specialists have written to every local authority in England urging them to think carefully before putting sexual health services out to tender.

The college and the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) said that tendering of services poses key threats to the care of patients who have sexually transmitted diseases and are a risk to public health.

Responsibility for commissioning sexual health services passed to local authorities in April 2013, most of which are expected to find providers through tendering, as they do for other types of local authority services.

Local councils are …
Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Perspective Through the Looking Glass
Authors: JAMES K. TODD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Toxic shock syndrome associated with Staphylococcus aureus was first described in 1978, although cases of patients with similar findings were reported as far back as 1927. Various strict clinical definitions for toxic shock syndrome have been proposed that still should include exclusionary data (titers, cultures) when possible. Epidemiologic studies of toxic shock syndrome confirm that it occurs in males and nonmenstruating females, but more commonly in menstruating females, especially those using tampons. Microbiologic studies have identified phenotypic characteristics of S. aureus strains associated with toxic shock syndrome but none have been shown to be causally related. The attentiveness of the lay press to toxic shock syndrome research should not divert investigators from an orderly scientific process and appropriate critical review.
Diagnostic value of standardized assays for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in idiopathic systemic vasculitis
Authors: E. Christiaan Hagen, Mohamed R. Daha, Jo Hermans, Konrad Andrassy, Elena Csernok, Gillian Gaskin, Phillippe Lesavre, Jens Lüdemann, Niels Rasmussen, R. Alberto Sinico, Allan Wiik, Fokko J. van der Woude, None for the EC/BCR Project for ANCA Assay Standardization
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Gene expression-based chemical genomics identifies rapamycin as a modulator of MCL1 and glucocorticoid resistance
Authors: Guo Wei, David Twomey, Justin Lamb, Krysta Schlis, Jyoti Agarwal, Ronald W. Stam, Joseph T. Opferman, Stephen E. Sallan, Monique L. den Boer, Rob Pieters, Todd R. Golub, Scott A. Armstrong
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Down-regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor expression in atopic dermatitis
Authors: David A. Groneberg, Pia Welker, Tanja C. Fischer, Q.Thai Dinh, Andreas Grützkau, Christian Peiser, Ulrich Wahn, Beate M. Henz, Axel Fischer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Of Men, Malaria and Megaloblasts
Authors: Louis W. Sullivan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Shortly after the introduction of 2, 4-diamino-5-Pchlorphenyl-6-ethylpyrimidine (pyrimethamine, Daraprim) and related substituted pyrimidines as a new class of antimalarials1 it was found that these agents could induce megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow in man, with peripheral macrocytosis and hypersegmented granuloeytes.2 Studies of man, laboratory animals and folate-dependent microorganisms indicated that in spite of the structural similarity of pyrimethamine to the substituted pyrimidines, the hematologic complications of its use were due to its action as a folate antagonist. The manner by which pyrimethamine impairs folate metabolism has not previously been elucidated.In this issue of the Journal, Waxman and Herbert, . . .
Agencies warn of impending disaster on Sudan's disputed border
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The withdrawal of peacekeepers from the UN Mission to Sudan after the founding of South Sudan as an independent country last month has led to mounting concern for the welfare of people displaced by fighting along the disputed new border.

Aid agencies warn that hundreds of thousands of people in the Nuba Mountains remain cut off from relief supplies, thousands more have been displaced, and there has been substantial loss of civilian lives. The Nuba Mountains are in the border state of South Kordofan, which remained part of Sudan after the creation of South Sudan but which has several pro-South Sudan ethnic groups.

A recent report by the UN mission said that the conduct of the Sudan …
Biomechanics of the pulmonary autograft valve in the aortic position.
Authors: A Gorczynski, M Trenkner, L Anisimowicz, R Gutkowski, A Drapella, E Kwiatkowska, M Dobke
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Pulmonary autograft valve replacement has been simulated by implanting the pulmonary valve into the aortic position of the same cadaver heart from both human and porcine sources. The forces acting on the pulmonary valve leaflets have been calculated on the basis of a triaxial ellipsoid mathematical model. These forces on the pulmonary autograft valve were shown to be essentially similar to those previously reported for aortic valve leaflets. Biomechanical measurements have been made on the simulated autograft valves and on the isolated pulmonary valve cusps. The tensile strengths of the pulmonary valve cusps in both circumferential and radial directions were roughly three times greater than those of aortic valve cusps. This indicated the ability of the pulmonary valves to accept, ab initio, aortic valve closing pressures. Pressure-induced changes in dimension, calculated on the basis of diameters of the simulated pulmonary autograft root, also indicated that the distensibility of the autograft valve was limited. It reached a maximum at 30 mm Hg (4 kPa) without any suggestion of further distension to the point of distortion and incompetence. The combination of the calculated forces acting on the valve and the biomechanical measurements have shown that pulmonary valves used as autograft aortic valve replacements are able to tolerate aortic pressures from the time of implantation. These experimental results from simulated autografts support the clinical use of this valve over the past 13 years.
Activity of the oral MEK inhibitor trametinib in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial
Authors: Gerald S Falchook, Karl D Lewis, Jeffrey R Infante, Michael S Gordon, Nicholas J Vogelzang, Douglas J DeMarini, Peng Sun, Christopher Moy, Stephen A Szabo, Lori T Roadcap, Vijay GR Peddareddigari, Peter F Lebowitz, Ngocdiep T Le, Howard A Burris, Wells A Messersmith, Peter J O'Dwyer, Kevin B Kim, Keith Flaherty, Johanna C Bendell, Rene Gonzalez, Razelle Kurzrock, Leslie A Fecher
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Chelation Therapy and Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Bruce Kleinman
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of Constrictor Responses of the Rabbit Ear Artery to Norepinephrine and to Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation
Authors: JOHN G. WATERSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

The perfused isolated rabbit ear artery was used as a vascular model to compare the constrictor responses to exogenous and endogenous norepinephrine. The aim of the study was to estimate the concentrations of norepinephrine reaching the smooth muscle of the artery during sympathetic nerve stimulation. The artery was perfused so that exogenous norepinephrine was introduced exclusively from the adventitial surface; thus, the drug followed a path to the smooth muscle layer similar to that of the endogenous norepinephrine released from the perivascular ring of sympathetic nerves during electrical stimulation of the artery wall. Cocaine was used to remove the influence of neural uptake of norepinephrine on concentrations of the amine reaching the muscle receptor sites. The estimated concentrations of norepinephrine reaching the smooth muscle receptors for each pulse of electrical stimulation ranged from 24.8 ± 5.9 ng/ml (1.47 x 10 -7 M ) to 29.6 ± 7.7 ng/ml (1.75 x 10 -7 M ) over the range of pressure changes from 30 to 100 mm Hg. This finding suggests that the relative sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous norepinephrine is similar at different response levels in this range and that the effect of local factors in the artery on concentrations reaching the smooth muscle is of the same order of magnitude for both endogenous and exogenous norepinephrine.
Evidence that disopyramide does not interact with warfarin.
Authors: C Sylven, P Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Their prohibitive cost is beyond the means of most small health centres and virtually all households (current price £685-91 including VAT for the Model 20 Egnell electric breast pump; Eschmann Bros and Walsh Ltd, Sussex).Yet it is in poorer communities that the potential need for such devices may be greatest.The Bristol breast pump is simple both in design and in operation and should cost well under £15 if mass produced.It is easily sterilised and requires no maintenance.It affords the mother the freedom to select a comfortable suction pressure and to express milk at her own rate.Such a pump may provide a means for initiating, maintaining, or extending the lactational period in mothers who might otherwise resort to artificial infant formulas.I thank the staff on ward 76 of Bristol Maternity
Toxoplasmosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: M H Wilcox, R J Powell, S F Pugh, A H Balfour
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The toxoplasma serological status of 50 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was compared with that of 50 healthy controls; high titres of toxoplasma antibody were significantly more common in the patients with SLE. These titres did not correlate with any of the routinely measured indices in SLE nor with the patients9 prior treatment. A case history is used to illustrate the difficulty in diagnosing toxoplasmosis in the presence of SLE.
Abstract 4809: Epigenomic profiling of oral cancer
Authors: Sayaka Yoshiba
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Despite combined surgery and radiation therapy, long-term survival for oral cancer has not improved over the past several decades. This is primary due to poor clinical prognosis of patients with the lymph nodes metastasis. Therefore, deeper understanding of the molecular basis of highly malignant property and patient stratification along with these characters are needed. Although, recent genome-wide analyses of DNA methylation have revealed a large number of aberrantly methylated genes in many cancers, and allowed us to identify the molecularly defined subgroups such as CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP) in certain tumors, the methylation diversity of clinical oral cancers are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to characterize DNA methylation profiles of oral cancer tissues (six normal oral mucosal swab, three non-cancerous mucosal tissues, and fifty-nine oral cancer tisseus) and to identify the specific methylation pattern related to the clinical features. Genome-wide methylation analysis was performed using Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadArray system, which can analyze methylation status of 27,000 CpG sites semi-quantitatively, using 500ng of genomic DNA.We found 2,762 aberrantly methylated CpG sites in oral cancers against normal mucosa. By unsupervised clustering analysis, oral cancer could be divided into two methylation epigenotypes that are significantyly correlated with high incidence of lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation. We obtained the highly predictive candidates of classifier genes and they were confirmed by MassARRAY analysis. In summary, we identified two methylation epigenotypes related with clinical outcome in oral cancer, and candidate classifier genes would be useful clues of patient stratification for intensive therapy to overcome the tumor recurrence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4809. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4809
Relation between sputum sol phase composition and diagnosis in chronic chest diseases
Authors: T. D. Brogan, H. C. Ryley, L. Allen, H. Hutt
Journal: Thorax (1971)

Sixty-four patients with various chest diseases were divided on clinical grounds into those suffering from asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic bronchitis with heart failure and those with damage to the lung parenchyma. A 24-hour specimen of sputum was collected from each patient and the electrolyte, protein, and carbohydrate composition was determined on the sol phase which was separated by ultracentrifugation. High variance was encountered in all the results and no difference in average pH and ionic concentration was found between the four groups. The average sol phase carbohydrate concentration and the average proportion of albumin in the sol phase high-molecular-weight substances differed between the groups and appeared to be related to the diagnosis of asthma and bronchitis. We think that the proportion of albumin in sputum sol phase high-molecular-weight substances might hold promise as a criterion for distinguishing between asthma and chronic bronchitis.
Campaign is launched to reduce number of babies born with HIV
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The “political will” of governments worldwide must be harnessed to help eradicate the transmission of HIV from mothers to their newborn babies, experts said last week.

Diana Gibb, professor of epidemiology and consultant paediatrician at the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, told the BMJ that the political might of governments around the world, as well as the introduction of routine normalised testing, is needed to reduce the numbers of children who are born with HIV.

Commenting on a new campaign by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria to mobilise the public on the issue of HIV in babies, Professor Gibb, who was …
TCT-442 Comparison of contemporary DES of different stent geometry and Absorb in a Swine Carotid – Jugular Thrombogenicity Shunt Model
Authors: OSCAR D. SANCHEZ, Qi Cheng, Kazuyuki Yahagi, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Kenichi Sakakura, Julia Feygin, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani, Michael Joner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)