tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening Women for Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Heidi D. Nelson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters6 November 2012Screening Women for Intimate Partner ViolenceHeidi D. Nelson, MD, MPHHeidi D. Nelson, MD, MPHFrom Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:A systematic review for the USPSTF is guided by an analytic framework that outlines the key questions needed to support a chain of evidence on which to build an evidence-based practice recommendation (1). For screening services, such as IPV, direct supportive evidence would come from trials comparing outcomes of individuals undergoing screening with those not screened. In the absence of sufficient direct evidence, studies addressing a series of indirect questions could also provide support. For IPV, studies of the accuracy of screening methods coupled with effectiveness trials evaluating benefits and harms of interventions address indirect questions. The goal ...References1. Harris RP, Helfand M, Woolf SH, Lohr KN, Mulrow CD, Teutsch SM, et al; Methods Work Group. Third US Preventive Services Task Force. Current methods of the US Preventive Services Task Force: a review of the process. Am J Prev Med. 2001;20:21-35. [PMID: 11306229] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:356-64. [PMID: 21242341] LinkGoogle Scholar3. MacMillan HL, Wathen CN, Jamieson E, Boyle MH, Shannon HS, Ford-Gilboe M, et al; McMaster Violence Against Women Research Group. Screening for intimate partner violence in health care settings: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2009;302:493-501. [PMID: 19654384] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Institute of Medicine. Clinical Preventive Services for Women: Closing the Gaps. Washington, DC: National Academies Pr; 2011. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M11-2667. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening Women for Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review to Update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Heidi D. Nelson , Christina Bougatsos , and Ian Blazina Metrics Cited byAttitudes towards domestic violence in Lebanon: a qualitative study of primary care practitioners 6 November 2012Volume 157, Issue 9Page: 676-677KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureEvidence based medicineIntimate partner violenceMedical servicesOsteoporosisQuestionnairesSystematic reviews ePublished: 6 November 2012 Issue Published: 6 November 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Spider Phobia Control
Authors: Neil Alex
Journal: JAMA (1996)

This DOS-based computer program, which runs under Windows as well, is designed to provide a graded series of interactive images of spiders to permit controlled presentation of stimuli for modification of spider phobia.  Installation is made more difficult than necessary by the inclusion of the program files in a subdirectory on the distribution diskette. This will only slow the neophyte but should be eliminated in future distribution. I experienced minor problems with a mouse driver, which uses memory, and some screen erasure. In fairness, the program displayed none of these problems on a system with the mouse drive in low memory.  The manual gives a concise summary of program operations, but the program is simple enough in operation that only the use of the right mouse button for controlled movement of the images really requires reading the manual.  Spider Phobia Control is intended to reach three groups: therapists seeking to
Association of Common C-Reactive Protein (<i>CRP</i>) Gene Polymorphisms With Baseline Plasma CRP Levels and Fenofibrate Response
Authors: Jian Shen, Donna K. Arnett, Laurence D. Parnell, James M. Peacock, Chao-Qiang Lai, James E. Hixson, Michael Y. Tsai, Michael A. Province, Robert J. Straka, Jose M. Ordovas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker that contributes to the prediction of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the influences of CRP polymorphisms on baseline CRP levels and fenofibrate-induced CRP changes in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.We examined the association of CRP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (m772A>G, m301G>A >T, i178T>A, 3u1273C>T, and 3u2131C>T) with baseline plasma CRP levels among 1,123 white U.S. participants in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study and the modulating effect of these SNPs on CRP response to a 3-week fenofibrate treatment among 290 participants with the metabolic syndrome.There were strong associations of m301G>A>T (rs3091244; P = 0.003), i178T>A (rs1417938; P = 0.001), 3u1273C>T (rs1130864; P = 0.001), and 3u2131C>T (rs1205; P < 0.001) with baseline CRP levels. Moreover, among subjects with the metabolic syndrome, fenofibrate induced the greatest reduction in CRP levels for TT subjects of the i178T>A compared with TA and AA subjects (-30 for TT, -19 for TA, and -11% for AA; P = 0.004). Similarly, for the m301G>A>T, major allele carriers displayed maximal reduction of CRP over noncarriers (-20 for GG, -15 for GA and GT, and -0.3% for TA and AA; P = 0.020).Our results demonstrate that common genetic variants within the CRP gene affect baseline CRP levels and further modulate CRP response in subjects with the metabolic syndrome treated with fenofibrate. This knowledge could contribute to a better prediction of therapeutic success.
Detection and significance of myocardial ischemia in stable patients after recovery from an acute coronary event. Multicenter Myocardial Ischemia Research Group
Authors: A. J. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the clinical significance of silent and symptomatic myocardial ischemia detected by noninvasive testing in stable postcoronary patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort study with a mean 23-month follow-up. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Ambulatory outpatients after recent hospitalization for an acute coronary event. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Nine hundred thirty-six patients (76% male; mean age, 58 years) who were clinically stable 1 to 6 months after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Noninvasive testing involved rest, ambulatory, and exercise electrocardiograms and stress thallium-201 scintigraphy. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk (hazard ratio) of first recurrent primary events (cardiac death, nonfatal infarction, or unstable angina) or restricted events (cardiac death or nonfatal infarction) associated with ischemic noninvasive test results. <h3>Results.</h3> —ST segment depression on the rest electrocardiogram was the only noninvasive test variable that identified a significantly increased risk (<i>P</i>=.05) for first recurrent primary events (hazard ratio; 95% confidence limits): rest electrocardiogram ST depression (1.5; 1.00,2.25); ambulatory electrocardiogram ST depression (0.86; 0.49,1.51); exercise electrocardiogram ST depression (1.13; 0.82,1.56); and stress thallium-201 reversible defects (1.3; 0.96,1.74). Test results were similar for first recurrent restricted events, and in patients with and without angina. Significantly increased risk (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) was noted when exercise-induced ST depression occurred in patients who also had reduced exercise duration (hazard ratio, 3.4) or when reversible thallium-201 defects occurred in patients who also had increased lung uptake (hazard ratio, 2.8). Each high-risk subset made up less than 3% of the population and contained less than 6% of patients with first primary events. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Detection of silent or symptomatic myocardial ischemia by noninvasive testing in stable patients 1 to 6 months after an acute coronary event is not useful in identifying patients at increased risk for subsequent coronary events. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2379-2385)
Cycle Ergometer and Inspiratory Muscle Training in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: JANET L. LARSON, MARGARET K. COVEY, SCOTT E. WIRTZ, JEAN K. BERRY, CHARLES G. ALEX, W. EDWIN LANGBEIN, LONNIE EDWARDS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the intensity of aerobic training is limited by dyspnea. Improving strength of the inspiratory muscles could enhance aerobic exercise training by reducing exercise-related dyspnea. We examined effects of home-based inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and cycle ergometry training (CET) in 53 patients with moderate to severe COPD (FEV1% pred, 50 ± 17 [mean ± SD]). Patients were randomly assigned to 4 mo of training in one of four groups: IMT, CET, CET + IMT, or health education (ED). Patients were encouraged to train to the limits of their dyspnea. Inspiratory muscle strength and endurance increased in IMT and CET + IMT groups compared with CET and ED groups (p < 0.01). Peak oxygen uptake increased and heart rate, minute ventilation, dyspnea, and leg fatigue decreased at submaximal work rates in the CET and CET + IMT groups compared with the IMT and ED groups (p < 0.01). There were no differences between the CET and CET + IMT groups. Home-based CET produced a physiological training effect and reduced exercise-related symptoms while IMT increased respiratory muscle strength and endurance. The combination of CET and IMT did not produce additional benefits in exercise performance and exercise-related symptoms. This is the first study to demonstrate a physiological training effect with home-based exercise training.
Human major group rhinoviruses downmodulate the accessory function of monocytes by inducing IL-10
Authors: Johannes Stöckl, Helga Vetr, Otto Majdic, Gerhard Zlabinger, Ernst Kuechler, Walter Knapp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the predominant cause of the common cold. Although this disease is per se rather harmless, HRV infection is considered to set the stage for more dangerous pathogens in vivo. Here we demonstrate that HRV-14, a member of the major group HRV family, can efficiently inhibit antigen-induced T-cell proliferation and T-cell responses to allogeneic monocytes. HRV-14 triggered a significant downregulation of MHC class II molecules on monocytes. Moreover, supernatants from monocytes cultured in the presence of HRV-14 strongly reduced the allogeneic T-cell stimulatory property of untreated monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (md-DCs), whereas Epstein Barr virus–transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells were not sensitive. Analysis of the supernatant revealed that HRV-14 induced the production of significant amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. The important T-cell stimulatory cytokine IL-12 or the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β or TNF-α were not detected or were only minimally detected. Finally, monocytes pretreated with HRV-14 were greatly inhibited in their production of IL-12 upon stimulation with IFN-γ/LPS. These observations suggest that altered cytokine production in mononuclear phagocytes upon interaction with HRV downmodulates appropriate immune responses during the viral infection.
Teratogenic Effect of Meclizine, Cyclizine, and Chlorcyclizine
Authors: Joseph F. Sadusk
Journal: JAMA (1965)

On April 22, 1965, the second meeting of an Ad Hoc Advisory Committee on the Teratogenic Effect of Certain Drugs was held under the auspices of the Food and Drug Administration in order to review available data related to the teratogenic effect of meclizine, cyclizine, and chlorcyclizine and to make recommendations regarding the dispensing status and labeling directions of drug articles containing the subject compounds. On July 27, 1965, the recommendations resulting from that meeting were transmitted to the medical director of the FDA by the chairman of the committee. (A list of the members appears at the end of this paper.) The present communication offers a summary of the scientific and clinical background considerations upon which the recommendations of the committee were based, and final decisions of the FDA in the matter. <h3>Background Considerations</h3> In the latter part of 1962, attention was drawn to the possibility of human fetal
Topical erythromycin and zinc therapy for acne
Authors: Lawrence Schachner, William Eaglstein, Carol Kittles, Patricia Mertza
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)

A double-blind, 12-week study was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of a formulation of 4% erythromycin plus 1.2% zinc acetate compared with its vehicle. The study was continued for 40 weeks after the 12-week double-blind phase by switching vehicle-treated patients to active treatment and continuing to give patients treated with active drug the same treatment. Seventy-three female patients started the study; 39 completed 1 full year of study. In the first 12 weeks statistically significant differences were noted in the efficacy of the erythromycin-zinc compared with vehicle for acne severity grades (global assessment) and for papule, pustule, and comedo counts. After crossover, the vehicle-treated group receiving active therapy duplicated the improvement of the group initially treated with erythromycin-zinc. No clinical problems with superinfection or secondary infection occurred during 1 year of treatment in 39 patients.
A Mucopolysaccharidosis with Increased Urinary Excretion of Chondroitin-4 Sulfate
Authors: GEORGE R. THOMPSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A 48-year-old woman had many of the features associated with the mucopolysaccharidoses. These included short stature, mental retardation, pectus carinatum, shortened fourth metacarpal, congenital dislocation of the hip, and unusual configuration of the lumbar vertebrae. Hepatomegaly and peripheral corneal deposits resembling arcus senilis were present. Peripheral leukocytes contained basophilic granulation. She had a 24-hour urinary excretion of over 50 mg of mucopolysaccharide, which was found to be predominately chondroitin-4 sulfate. This patient represents a new variant of the recognized mucopolysaccharidoses.
An In Vitro Model of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: ANDREW L. WIT, BRUCE N. GOLDREYER, ANTHONY N. DAMATO
Journal: Circulation (1971)

An in vitro preparation of rabbit right atrium, including the A-V node (AVN) and bundle of His, was utilized to evaluate the mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Microelectrode recordings from atrium and AVN were obtained. During sinus rhythm the atrial cycle was explored with atrial premature depolarizations (APD). Fifty episodes of an arrhythmia with characteristics identical to SVT in man were produced in six of 40 rabbits. In vitro, SVT: (1) was initiated by a single APD showing prolonged conduction in the AVN; (2) had initial cycles similar to atrial echoes; (3) in most instances showed 1:1 A-V conduction; (4) lasted 20 to 500 cycles; and (5) could be ended by a single APD which penetrated the AVN. Reentry in the upper AVN was established by the recording of action potentials from nodal cells which showed marked electrotonic "humps" during repolarization. SVT and atrial echoes could not be produced after damaging or sectioning the upper AVN. An in vitro model of SVT supports the hypothesis that this arrhythmia results from reentry within the AVN.
The Effects of Partitioning on Phylogenetic Inference
Authors: David Kainer, Robert Lanfear
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Partitioning is a commonly used method in phylogenetics that aims to accommodate variation in substitution patterns among sites. Despite its popularity, there have been few systematic studies of its effects on phylogenetic inference, and there have been no studies that compare the effects of different approaches to partitioning across many empirical data sets. In this study, we applied four commonly used approaches to partitioning to each of 34 empirical data sets, and then compared the resulting tree topologies, branch-lengths, and bootstrap support estimated using each approach. We find that the choice of partitioning scheme often affects tree topology, particularly when partitioning is omitted. Most notably, we find occasional instances where the use of a suboptimal partitioning scheme produces highly supported but incorrect nodes in the tree. Branch-lengths and bootstrap support are also affected by the choice of partitioning scheme, sometimes dramatically so. We discuss the reasons for these effects and make some suggestions for best practice.
Chronic l-arginine treatment increases cardiac cyclic guanosine 5′-monophosphate in rats with aortic stenosis: effects on left ventricular mass and beta-adrenergic contractile reserve
Authors: Jozef Bartunek, Stephen Dempsey, Ellen O Weinberg, Nobuhiko Ito, Minori Tajima, Susanne Rohrbach, Beverly H Lorell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)

We tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) signaling is deficient in pressure overload hypertrophy due to ascending aortic stenosis, and that long-term L-arginine treatment will increase cardiac cyclic GMP production and modify left ventricular (LV) pressure overload hypertrophy and beta-adrenergic contractile response.Nitric oxide cyclic GMP signaling is postulated to depress vascular growth, but its effects on cardiac hypertrophic growth are controversial.Forty control rats and 40 rats with aortic stenosis left ventricular hypertrophy ([LVH] group) were randomized to receive either L-arginine (0.40 g/kg/day) or no drug for 6 weeks.The dose of L-arginine did not alter systemic blood pressure. Animals with LVH had similar LV constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) mRNA and protein levels, and LV cyclic GMP levels as compared with age-matched controls. In rats with LVH L-arginine treatment led to a 35% increase in cNOS protein levels (p = 0.09 vs untreated animals with LVH) and a 1.7-fold increase in LV cyclic GMP levels (p < 0.05 vs untreated animals with LVH). However, L-arginine treatment did not suppress LVH in the animals with aortic stenosis. In contrast, in vivo LV systolic pressure was depressed in L-arginine treated versus untreated rats with LVH (163 +/- 16 vs 198 +/- 10 mm Hg, p < 0.05). In addition, the contractile response to isoproterenol was blunted in both isolated intact hearts and isolated myocytes from L-arginine treated rats with LVH compared with untreated rats with LVH. This effect was mediated by a blunted increase in peak systolic intracellular calcium in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation.Left ventricular hypertrophy due to chronic mechanical systolic pressure overload is not characterized by a deficiency of LV cNOS and cyclic GMP levels. In rats with aortic stenosis, L-arginine treatment increased cardiac levels of cyclic GMP, but it did not modify cardiac mass in rats with aortic stenosis. However, long-term stimulation of NO-cyclic GMP signaling depressed in vivo LV systolic function in LVH rats and markedly blunted the contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation.
Physician and Patient in Disabled Men’s Cooperatives
Authors: S. Grochmal, M. Damasiewicz, A. Pachalski
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

The work of the Disabled Men's Cooperatives in Poland is based on the principles generally accepted by the International Union of Cooperatives. The disabled whose ability to work is comparatively good, are employed in workshops or at home. They are given good medical care and the link between the physician and his patient plays a very important role. The approach to the patient is individual in each case. The patient should be well informed as to his condition and must realize that results are a question of time. The invalid's approval of his new kind of work helps to develop his favourable attitude towards all medical advice.
Diagnostic Examination of the Eye: Step-by-Step Procedure
Authors: John A. Buesseler
Journal: JAMA (1965)

For those of us who went through our residency a decade or more ago with the first edition of this excellent volume, it is a pleasure to welcome this updated and enlarged second edition. While providing extensive revision of each chapter, it has retained intact the general format and style which were so effective in the earlier edition. Of particular value to the ophthalmologic trainee, teacher, and practitioner is the strong emphasis placed on developing a well-organized and systematic step-by-step ocular evaluation procedure. Zuckerman presents his own very thorough examination pattern and uses it as an outline structure around which he has written the text. This organizational technique along with the remarkable abundance of factual material and excellent index makes the book a particularly practical single-volume ready-reference for these clinicians. Among the many uniquely useful features of this text are its detailed descriptions of instruments and instrumentation techniques and their
Abstract 3010: The role of NF-kappaB in mammary tumor initiation
Authors: Whitney Barham, Oleg Tikhomirov, Lianyi Chen, Ryan Ortega, Halina Onishko, Linda Connelly, Fiona E. Yull
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Nuclear factor kappa B signaling is accepted as a major component of pro-survival signaling within breast cancer cells. However, less is known about how NF-kappaB could contribute to breast tumor initiation. Inflammatory signaling can be activated within the breast by such common factors as obesity, involution following lactation, aging, and psychological stress. Thus, understanding how activated NF-kappaB could lead to the initiation of breast tumors would provide opportunities to develop prevention strategies. We generated a doxycycline-inducible mouse model to study the effects of constitutively active IKK2 on ductal morphogenesis. In this model, Tet-o-cIKK2 mice are crossed with MMTV-rtTA transgenics to target inducible expression specifically to the mammary epithelium. Expression of cIKK2 in transplanted mammary tissue results in enlarged terminal end-buds, increased lateral branching, and intraductal hyperplasia. Transgene induction for only 3 days in a 6 week old female induces filling of ductal lumens, hypercellularity and loss of strict basal/luminal structure. Quantitative PCR of mammary tissue reveals up-regulated markers of macrophage infiltration such as CCL2 and F4/80 and markers of inflammation including Cox-2, TNF-alpha, and CXCL1. Interestingly, constitutive IKK2 activation also results in a decrease in hormone receptor levels (ERα and PR). Immunofluorescent staining shows that activation of classical NF-kappaB increases nuclear p65, as expected. However, nuclear p52 is also increased in transgene positive cells, suggesting that a subset of the effects resulting from activation of classical NF-kappaB are mediated by cross talk with the alternative pathway. Taken together, we find that activation of NF-kappaB in mammary epithelium is sufficient to induce hyperplastic growth and loss of ductal structure. Ongoing studies seek to define what additional factors, such as the right hormonal context, will cause the lesions to progress to malignancy. Citation Format: Whitney Barham, Oleg Tikhomirov, Lianyi Chen, Ryan Ortega, Halina Onishko, Linda Connelly, Fiona E. Yull. The role of NF-kappaB in mammary tumor initiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3010. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3010