tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protection of a Military Population From Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Paul F. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Types of prophylaxis programs employing benzathine penicillin G for the control of streptococcal disease among Navy recruits ranged from mass injections of penicillin in an attempt to interrupt epidemics to the year-around administration of a single injection to new recruits coming to Great Lakes, Ill, in an effort to prevent epidemics. The latter proved to be the most feasible program for the streptococcal disease situation at Great Lakes. Most programs were over 90% effective. Untoward reactions to benzathine penicillin G occurred in less than 1% of the recruits and were of the serum-sickness type. No anaphylactic deaths were observed among the 315,000 men receiving the drug prophylactically over a nine-year period.
Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis
Authors: Alan S. Feiner
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A 59-year-old woman with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis had pancytopenia and hypersplenism. Before splenectomy, she had an abnormal bleeding time and a severe defect of secondary-wave platelet aggregation. After splenectomy, the platelet count returned to normal, and the aggregation defect was no longer present. This response suggests that the spleen may contribute to the platelet dysfunction. (<i>JAMA</i>240:238-240, 1978)
Gemcitabine and Irinotecan for Patients with Untreated Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: SWOG 0119
Authors: Wallace Akerley, Jason McCoy, Paul J. Hesketh, J Wendall Goodwin, James D. Bearden, James N. Atkins, Kari Chansky, John J. Crowley, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Vascular Receptor Autoantibodies in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Mike O. Becker, Angela Kill, Marissa Kutsche, Jeannine Guenther, Angelika Rose, Christoph Tabeling, Martin Witzenrath, Anja A. Kühl, Harald Heidecke, Hossein A. Ghofrani, Henning Tiede, Ralph T. Schermuly, Nils Nickel, Marius M. Hoeper, Ivo Lukitsch, Maik Gollasch, Wolfgang M. Kuebler, Sebastian Bock, Gerd R. Burmester, Duska Dragun, Gabriela Riemekasten
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) portends worse outcome than other forms of PAH. Vasoconstrictive and vascular remodeling actions of endothelin (ET) 1 and angiotensin (Ang) II via endothelin receptor type A (ETAR) and Ang receptor type-1 (AT1R) activation are implicated in PAH pathogenesis.Objectives: We hypothesized that stimulating autoantibodies (Abs) targeting and activating AT1R and ETAR may contribute to SSc-PAH pathogenesis, and tested their functional and biomarker relevance.Methods: Anti-AT1R and -ETAR Abs were detected by ELISA in different cohorts of patients and tested in vitro and in an animal model for their pathophysiological effects.Measurements and Main Results: The Abs were significantly higher and more prevalent in patients with SSc-PAH (n = 81) and connective tissue disease–associated PAH (n = 110) compared with other forms of PAH/pulmonary hypertension (n = 106). High anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR Abs predicted development of SSc-PAH and SSc-PAH–related mortality in a prospective analysis. Both Abs increased endothelial cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations in isolated perfused rat lungs, which could be blocked by respective specific receptor antagonists. Ab-mediated stimulation of intralobar pulmonary rat artery ring segments increased vasoconstrictive responses to Ang II and ET-1, and implicated cross-talk between both pathways demonstrated by reciprocal blockade with respective antagonists. Transfer of SSc-IgG containing both autoantibodies into healthy C57BL/6J mice led to more abundant vascular and airway α-smooth muscle actin expression and inflammatory pulmonary vasculopathy.Conclusions: Anti-AT1R and -ETAR Abs are more frequent in SSc-PAH/connective tissue disease–PAH compared with other forms of pulmonary hypertension, and serve as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in SSc-PAH. Both antibodies may contribute to SSc-PAH via increased vascular endothelial reactivity and induction of pulmonary vasculopathy.
Risk of acute myocardial infarction and low-dose combined oral contraceptives
Authors: Hershel Jick, SusanS. Jick, Marian Wald Myers, Catherine Vasilakis
Journal: The Lancet (1996)

Researchers from Boston University Medical Center assessed 303470 women who had used combined low estrogen oral contraceptives (OCs) containing levonorgestrel desogestrel or gestodene between January 1991 and October 1994 to investigate the risk of myocardial infarction.  11 women had experienced an acute myocardial infarction or sudden death.  Each myocardial infarction case was matched to four controls by age index date of the case and general practice.  The relative risk for desogestrel gestodene and past use compared with levonorgestrel stood at 0.7 0.6 and 0.9 respectively (95% confidence interval: 0.1-8.2 0.1-6.4 and 0.2-4.5 respectively).  6 of the 11 cases were either current smokers or past smokers.  Based on these findings the researchers concluded that users of low-dose OCs were at low risk of myocardial infarction and any risk was limited to smokers.  Further these findings support the findings of earlier studies that also found the risk of acute myocardial infarction to be very low in otherwise healthy users of low-dose OCs.
Evaluation of Chloramphenicol Acid Succinate Therapy of Induced Typhoid Fever and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Authors: H. L. DuPont, R. B. Hornick, C. F. Weiss, M. J. Snyder, T. E. Woodward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

In volunteers with induced typhoid fever, plasma levels of free biologically active chloramphenicol were approximately twice as high in those treated with oral chloramphenicol (four subjects) as in those treated with the same dose of intramuscular chloramphenicol succinate (four subjects), apparently owing to the failure of the intramuscularly administered succinate ester to be completely hydrolyzed to the active drug. Plasma chloramphenicol levels in nine volunteers infected with Rocky Mountain spotted fever and treated with chloramphenicol succinate intramuscularly revealed that approximately a third of the administered drug was present in the biologically inactive unhydrolyzed form. Although chloramphenicol succinate was effective in controlling the early toxicity of induced typhoid fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, the delayed response and high relapse rate made this preparation inadequate as the sole form of therapy given intramuscularly in conventional doses.
Correction: Error in Dosage
Authors: D. B. Matchar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Corrections15 September 1994Correction: Error in DosageFREED. B. Matchar, D. C. McCrory, H. J. Barnett, and J. R. FeussnerD. B. MatcharSearch for more papers by this author, D. C. McCrorySearch for more papers by this author, H. J. BarnettSearch for more papers by this author, and J. R. FeussnerSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-6-199409150-00019 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In the review article on medical treatment for stroke prevention by Matchar and colleagues [1], a dosage error occurred in the section on nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The last paragraph of section 4.1.2 discusses the Copenhagen Study, which used an aspirin dosage of 75 mg/d. In the text, this dosage was mistakenly attributed to warfarin.REFERENCE1. Matchar DB, McCrory DC, Barnett HJ, Feussner JR. Medical treatment for stroke prevention. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:41-53. Google Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: D. B. Matchar; D. C. McCrory; H. J. Barnett; J. R. FeussnerAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPotential Role of Sugar Transporters in Cancer and Their Relationship with Anticancer Therapy 15 September 1994Volume 121, Issue 6Page: 470KeywordsAspirinAtrial fibrillationStroke ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Variable Bioavailability of Oral Melatonin
Authors: Wei-Li Di, Aban Kadva, Atholl Johnston, Robert Silman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: It has been claimed that melatonin has many actions, mostly on the basis of uncontrolled studies of widely varying oral doses. It is commonly assumed that the administered dosage of melatonin bears a direct relation to its circulating concentration. We estimated the bioavailability of oral melatonin by determining the pharmacokinetics of intravenous bolus and oral doses of melatonin (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis) in four normal men (21 to 32 years old), who were given 20 μg intravenously on one occasion and 500 μg orally on a second occasion, with an interval of at least one month between . . .
Lethargy Resulting From Allergy
Authors: W. B. Herter
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The "Lethargy of Allergy" is widespread. Many people on arising in the morning feel so tired that all they want is to go back to bed. As one who has allergies, I know this tired, draggedout feeling. Two nights ago I purposely ate an ear of yellow corn; the next day I felt so tired that I could hardly get through the day. I didn't feel like doing anything. The next night I ate nothing to which I am allergic, and felt like "beating up wild cats" the following day. I was a different person. After I put a young mother on my nonallergenic diet, she felt so wonderful that she overworked herself. She had so much energy that she tried to catch up on all the tasks she had neglected for weeks. This housewife whose allergy is now controlled, discovered energy previously unsuspected. A little Japanese
Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis Is Lower in Subjects With Higher Levels of Fasting Plasma Glucose
Authors: Yoshiaki Hashimoto, Azusa Futamura
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and atopic diseases, respectively. Because the Th1 and Th2 cells mutually inhibit each other (1), it has been speculated that patients with type 1 diabetes have a lower predisposition to atopy. However, the findings have been conflicting (2). In contrast, there seems to be no report regarding the relationship between atopy and type 2 diabetes.

We examined the relationship between …
Absorption of Subcutaneously Infused Insulin: Influence of the Basal Rate Pulse Interval
Authors: Per Hildebrandt, Kjeld Birch, Bente M Jensen, Claus Kühl, Jens Brange
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Eight insulin-dependent diabetic patients were given two constant infusions (each 1 IU/h) of 125I-labeled insulin into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue for about 12 h. Insulin was infused in pulses into one side of the abdomen in 6-min intervals (by means of an Auto-Syringe pump) and in the other side of the abdomen, insulin was infused in 1-h intervals (by means of a Medix pump). The size of the subcutaneous depots was continuously measured by counting the radioactivity at the infusion sites. After starting the infusions, the two depots were built up to steady-state levels at the same time and of the same size (approximately 3 IU) and with similar absorption rates. Thus, during basal rate insulin infusion, identical insulin absorption kinetics was achieved, irrespective of a 10-fold difference in the pulse rate.
The acetylation of hemoglobin by aspirin. In vitro and in vivo.
Authors: K R Bridges, G J Schmidt, M Jensen, A Cerami, H F Bunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The chemical modification of hemoglobin by aspirin (ASA) has been studied, both in intact human red cells and in purified hemoglobin solutions. After incubation of red cells with 20 mM [acetyl-1minus14C]ASA, incorporation of radioactivity into hemoglobin was observed in agreement with the results of Klotz and Tam (1973. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 70: 1313-1315). In contrast, no labeling of hemoglobin was seen when [carbosyl-14-C]ASA was used. These results indicate that ASA acetylates hemoglobin. The acetylated hemoglobin was readily separated from unmodified hemoglobin by both gel electrofocusing and by column chromatography. Quantitation of the extent of acetylation by densitometric scanning of gels agreed very well with estimates obtained from radioactivity measurements. Hemolysates prepared from red cells incubated with ASA showed normal oxygen affinity and heme-heme interaction. Purified acetylated hemoglobin had a slightly increased oxygen affinity and decreased heme-heme interaction. There was no difference in the rate of acetylation of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. ASA acetylated column-purified hemoglobin A more readily than hemoglobin in crude hemolysate, but less rapidly than purified human serum albumin. The rate of acetylation of hemoglobulin increased with pH up to approximately pH 8,5. Structural studies were done on hemoglobin incubated with 2.0 mM and 20 mM [acetyl-1-14-C]ASA. Alpha- and beta-chains were acetylated almost equally. Tryptic digests of purified acetylated subunits were fingerprinted on cellulose thin layer plates and autoradiographed. Both alpha- and beta-chains showed a number of radioactive spots that were either ninhydrin negative or weakly ninhydrin positive. These results indicate that hemoglobin is acetylated at a number of sites, probably at the epislon-amino group of lysine residues. To determine whether ASA acetylates hemoglobin in vivo, hemolysates of 14 patients on long-term high-dose ASA therapy were analyzed by gel electrofocusing and compared to specimens of individuals not receiving ASA. The ASA-treated group had a twofold increase in a minor hemoglobin component having an isoelectric point lower than that of hemoglobin A, and indistinguishable from the minoe component which appears when hemoglobin is incubated with ASA in vitro.
Man/Woman Achieves Whole Red Personhood Through Vancomycin
Authors: Kenneth V. I. Rolston, Jennifer Hoy
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Gram-positive organisms such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococci, CDC-JK diphtheroids, and<i>Bacillus</i>species have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens in patients with neutropenic cancer and cause 20% to 30% of all bacterial infections seen at our institution. These organisms are frequently multidrug resistant and have resulted in an increase in the use of vancomycin hydrochloride as initial empiric antibiotic therapy in this group of patients.<sup>1</sup> The administration of intravenous vancomycin hydrochloride has been associated with the development of hypotension and a maculopapular rash that often involves the face, neck, trunk, and upper extremities. This syndrome is most often associated with the rapid administration of vancomycin, although it has been described after slow infusion as well. This syndrome has been commonly referred to as the "red man's syndrome" or the "red neck syndrome."<sup>2,3</sup>Having had the opportunity to observe several instances of this syndrome over the past
Bilateral Iliac Metastases With Sunburst Pattern From Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma commonly exhibit blastic characteristics with radiographically dense lesions. Occasionally they may demonstrate an unusual pattern of spiculation mimicking primary neoplasms of sarcomatous origin. The author presents a case of bone metastases from prostate carcinoma with bilateral and relatively symmetric iliac "sunburst" lesions documented on computed tomography and bone scintigraphy.
Praziquantel in the Treatment of Cysticercosis-Reply
Authors: Frank Richards
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We chose to forego a discussion of the medical management of human<i>T solium</i>cysticercosis, since we were principally concerned with the epidemiology of the disease in southern California. Although praziquantel clearly represents a very important step in the medical treatment of this condition, this drug should not be considered a panacea. Some authors experienced in treating cysticercosis remain cautious about when and how praziquantel should be used.<sup>1,2</sup>Since some forms of the disease do not respond to praziquantel, all patients with cysticercosis are not candidates for therapy. The possibility of the cerebrospinal fluid reaction syndrome, which has been associated with death, makes it desirable to hospitalize patients being treated for one to two weeks, during which time fairly high doses of steroids are usually administered. In contrast, our study suggests that extended or multiple hospitalizations for this condition are rare— perhaps an indication that in many
Development of clinical ethics committees
Authors: Anne Slowther, Carolyn Johnston, Jane Goodall, Tony Hope
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Support for dealing with ethical issues in clinical practice should be an integral part of patient care 

Clinical practice raises a wide variety of ethical issues that can be difficult for individual doctors to resolve. Some NHS trusts have established clinical ethics committees to provide ethical support. These committees had largely worked alone until a meeting of committee representatives in January 2001 led to the development of the UK Clinical Ethics Network. The principal aims of the network are to promote the development of clinical ethics support in the United Kingdom, to encourage a high level of ethical debate in clinical practice, and to facilitate sharing of best practice between clinical ethics committees (box 1).1 We consider the emergence of clinical ethics support in the context of similar development in other countries.

Clinical ethics support can be described as the provision of support and advice to health professionals and patients on ethical issues arising from clinical practice or patient care. The support can take different forms, but in the United Kingdom the most common model is a committee or group sitting within an NHS trust, usually an acute trust. These committees are multidisciplinary and include lay members. Issues are referred to the committee by clinicians and managers, and some committees are now being approached by local general practitioners. Few committees include patients or their families directly in committee discussions.

The number of trusts with clinical ethics committees is increasing. In 2001 the Nuffield Trust published a survey of all NHS trusts that identified 20 …
Absence of autoimmunity to type II collagen in generalised nodal osteoarthritis.
Authors: R B Clague, K Morgan, I Collins, M Pattrick, M Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

A cardinal feature of generalised nodal osteoarthritis is the loss of articular cartilage. To determine if autoimmunity to these cartilage collagens occurred, serum antibodies to native and denatured type II collagen were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 96 patients (90 women, six men, aged 47-91 years) with generalised nodal osteoarthritis. Generalised nodal osteoarthritis was diagnosed by typical clinical and radiological features. Serum samples from 42 blood donors were assayed as controls. No significant difference was found between the patients with generalised nodal osteoarthritis and the controls. Furthermore, the 20 patients who were HLA-A1, B8 positive had similar antibody levels to the group as a whole. One woman patient with generalised nodal osteoarthritis (HLA-A1, B8 negative) had markedly increased antibody levels to native and denatured type II collagen in a pattern similar to that seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This patient did not develop super added rheumatoid arthritis during a three year follow up period. Autoimmunity to type II collagen is therefore rare in generalised nodal osteoarthritis. A lack of collagen antibodies in a condition characterised by hyaline cartilage loss suggests that the presence of such antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis is more than a secondary event to joint damage.
The Creatine Kinase System in Normal and Diseased Human Myocardium
Authors: Joanne S. Ingwall, Martha F. Kramer, Michael A. Fifer, Beverly H. Lorell, Richard Shemin, William Grossman, P.D. Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We measured creatine kinase activity, isozyme composition, and total creatine content in biopsy samples of left ventricular myocardium from 34 adults in four groups: subjects with normal left ventricles, patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis, patients with coronary artery disease without left ventricular hypertrophy, and patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis. As compared with specimens of normal left ventricles, those from all patients with left ventricular hypertrophy had lower creatine kinase activity, higher MB creatine kinase isozyme content and activity, and lower creatine content. Specimens from the patients without left ventricular hypertrophy had normal creatine kinase activity, increased MB creatine kinase isozyme content and activity, and decreased total creatine content. The normal ventricles showed almost no MB isozyme content or activity. These data suggest that changes in the creatine kinase system occur in both pressure-overload hypertrophy and coronary artery disease. Patients with myocardial infarction who have mild or no preexisting fixed coronary artery disease or pressure-overload hypertrophy would not be expected to have elevation of serum MB creatine kinase.
Ozone, But Not Nitrogen Dioxide, Exposure Decreases Glutathione Peroxidases in Epithelial Lining Fluid of Human Lung
Authors: NELLY E. AVISSAR, CHRISTINA K. REED, CHRISTOPHER COX, MARK W. FRAMPTON, JACOB N. FINKELSTEIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Antioxidants, such as glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) protect against health effects of oxidant pollutants, which includes O3 or NO2. We hypothesized that GPxs concentration in ELF is responsive to O3 or NO2 exposure. Subjects underwent two 4-h exposures to O3 (0.22 ppm) and one to air. In another experiment, subjects underwent 3-h exposures to air and NO2 (0.6 and 1.5 ppm). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed immediately or 18 h after O3 exposure and 3.5 h after each NO2 exposure. GPx activity and extracellular GPx (eGPx) protein concentrations were determined in ELF, and their relationships to markers of lung function, inflammation, and epithelial permeability were examined. Although the total amounts were not changed, basal (air) GPx activity (223.6 ± 24.4 mU/ml), basal eGPx protein concentration (2.62 ± 0.25 μ g/ml), and basal ELF dilution factor (152.3 ± 8.4) decreased 40% immediately after O3 exposure and remained 30% decreased 18 h after exposure (p = 0.0001). No effect of NO2 exposure on GPxs concentration was detected. There was an inverse correlation between baseline ELF eGPx protein concentration and the change in PMN 18 h after O3 exposure (p = 0.04). Thus, O3, a strong oxidant, decreases both GPx activity and eGPx protein in ELF, whereas NO2, a weaker oxidant, does not. eGPx in ELF may protect against O3-induced airway inflammation.