tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiorgan Insulin Sensitivity in Lean and Obese Subjects
Authors: Caterina Conte, Elisa Fabbrini, Marleen Kars, Bettina Mittendorfer, Bruce W. Patterson, Samuel Klein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To provide a comprehensive assessment of multiorgan insulin sensitivity in lean and obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure with stable isotopically labeled tracer infusions was performed in 40 obese (BMI 36.2 ± 0.6 kg/m(2), mean ± SEM) and 26 lean (22.5 ± 0.3 kg/m(2)) subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Insulin was infused at different rates to achieve low, medium, and high physiological plasma concentrations.In obese subjects, palmitate and glucose R(a) in plasma decreased with increasing plasma insulin concentrations. The decrease in endogenous glucose R(a) was greater during low-, medium-, and high-dose insulin infusions (69 ± 2, 74 ± 2, and 90 ± 2%) than the suppression of palmitate R(a) (52 ± 4, 68 ± 1, and 79 ± 1%). Insulin-mediated increase in glucose disposal ranged from 24 ± 5% at low to 253 ± 19% at high physiological insulin concentrations. The suppression of palmitate R(a) and glucose R(a) were greater in lean than obese subjects during low-dose insulin infusion but were the same in both groups during high-dose insulin infusion, whereas stimulation of glucose R(d) was greater in lean than obese subjects across the entire physiological range of plasma insulin.Endogenous glucose production and adipose tissue lipolytic rate are both very sensitive to small increases in circulating insulin, whereas stimulation of muscle glucose uptake is minimal until high physiological plasma insulin concentrations are reached. Hyperinsulinemia within the normal physiological range can compensate for both liver and adipose tissue insulin resistance, but not skeletal muscle insulin resistance, in obese people who have normal glucose tolerance.
AN ELECTRIC CABLE DRIVEN BONE INSTRUMENT
Authors: John J. Moorhead
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Without doubt, many surgeons have long desired an electric cable driven tool holder that would be as nearly fool proof as the dental engine or the portable electric drill of the mechanic. Existing devices are for the most part rather complicated, and therefore expensive as to initial outlay and upkeep. Most of us do not want an outfit capable of doing every kind of bone surgery, but in the main wish an apparatus to cut a bone graft, fashion a bone pin or bore holes in bone. The present apparatus is of two types. The favorite, and justly most widely used, was introduced by Hartley and Kenyon in 1907, and consists of a hand held motor covered by sterilizable shell casings to which the tools are directly attached. It is interesting to note that Hartley and Kenyon, from 1900 to 1907, used a flexible shaft made of links or twisted
Endoscopic gastrin test and Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: V. SAVARINO
Journal: Gut (2000)

Editor,—In their recent article in Gut ,1 Iijima and colleagues conclude that reduced acid secretion in gastric ulcer patients and gastric acid hypersecretion in duodenal ulcer patients were both normalised after H pylori eradication. We agree with the recovery of gastric secretory function in the former group of patients, who constantly bear chronic gastritis which improves greatly after disappearance of the germ, with subsequent restoration of gastric glandular tissue.2-4 However, we disagree with their conclusion regarding the latter group, because it is not supported by the experimental data they obtained. It is surprising that they found …
Drug company bosses jailed for selling HIV infected products
Authors: J. Lamar
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In a landmark ruling on Japan's worst health scandal, three drug company executives were given a prison sentence last week for their role in the AIDS related deaths of about 500 haemophilic people.

The Osaka High Court found Renzo Matsushita, a former president of the Osaka based Green Cross company, and two of his colleagues—Tadakazu Suyama and Takehiko Kawano—guilty of professional negligence resulting in death.

Presiding Judge Mikio Miyoshi said that …
A REMINISCENCE OF THE NICARAGUAN FILIBUSTERS.
Authors: L. C. LANE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Aceptó con qusto la leche, queso y pan de maíz que le ofrecieron: mientras él devoraba estos manjares, ocupado esclusivamente en satisfacer la primera necesidad de la naturaloza, no se caraba de modo alguno de sus discursos. (He accepted with pleasure the milk, corn bread and cheese which they offered him, and while he ate this food, occupied wholly in satisfying the first wants of nature, he took no heed of their discourse.)—From Campo Alauge's Novela: "Pamplona y Elizondo." When an Assistant Surgeon in the United States Navy, in 1858, and connected with the sloop of war<i>Decatur</i>, the writer was on the western coast of Central America, at the close of General Walker's invasion of Nicaragua. The older reader will remember this freebooting expedition, which was composed of bold, reckless, fearless and unscrupulous fortune hunters; and whose operations, as was evident to the writer, had the sanction of President
Stimulatory effects of sulfur and nitrogen oxides on carcinogen activation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Authors: D Constantin, K Mehrotra, A Rahimtula, P Moldéus, B Jernström
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The occurrence of inflammatory processes and of cancer in the human respiratory tract is intimately associated. One of the major factors in this is probably the recruitment of and stimulated activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) in conjunction with the ability of these cells to convert various carcinogens to their ultimate active metabolites. In this study, we demonstrate that nitrite and sulfite, the major dissolution products of the environmental pollutants nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in water enhance the metabolic activation of trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP-7,8-dihydrodiol), the proximal carcinogen of benzo[a]pyrene, to trans-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE) and tetraols, the corresponding hydrolysis products, in human PML prestimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Nitrite was more efficient than sulfite in stimulating the formation of reactive intermediates of BP-7,8-dihydrodiol in PML that covalently bind to extracellular DNA and, in particular, to intracellular proteins. The mechanism by which sulfite stimulates the metabolism of BP-7,8-dihydrodiol most probably involves the intermediate formation of a sulfur trioxide radical anion (SO3.-) the subsequent formation of the corresponding sulfur peroxyl radical anion (.OOSO3-) in the presence of oxygen. The mechanism underlying the stimulatory action of nitrite is less clear but the major pathway seems to involve myeloperoxidase. These results offer an explanation for the increased incidence of lung cancer in cigarette smokers living in urban areas. The major glutathione transferase (GST) isoenzyme in human PML is GST P1-1, a Pi-class form. The GST activity of PML was found to be inversely correlated with the extent of binding of BP-7,8-dihydrodiol products to exogenous DNA. These results suggest that individuals exhibiting high GST-activity in the PML may be better protected against the type of carcinogenic dealt with in this study.
Abstract 4461: Involvement of cleaved p73 isoforms in anoikis
Authors: Samar Alsafadi, Sophie Tourpin, Karim Benihoud, Fabrice André, Gilles Vassal, Jean Charles Ahomadegbe
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

p73, a p53 family member, is a transcription factor that plays an important role in cell cycle control, differentiation and apoptosis. p73 has been shown to be capable of replacing p53, inducing apoptosis in p53-deficient cells. In this study, we tried to determine the role of p73 in anoikis, a type of apoptosis induced by inadequate cell-matrix interaction. Six breast cancer cell lines with different p53 status were treated with doxorubicin (DOX) and anoikis was analyzed 48 hours after treatment. We found that, independently of the p53 status, DOX-induced anoikis was associated with p73 cleavage and the activation of caspases. p73 cleavage was not triggered in caspase-3-null MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. To confirm the implication of p73 cleavage in anoikis, we transfected breast cancer cell lines with plasmids bearing TAp73α, TAp73β or ΔNp73α. The overexpression of p73 isoforms in transfected cells induced detachment of these cells from the culture flask. Anoikis in these cells was associated with cleavage of the transfected isoform of p73. Once again, p73 cleavage was not detected in caspase-3-null MCF-7 cell line confirming the involvement of caspase 3 in p73 cleavage. The use of flag antibody, which recognizes the N-terminus of transfected proteins, and p73 antibodies, which recognize the C-terminus of these proteins, enabled us to demonstrate that there are two possible cleavage sites in TAp73α generating two different cleaved forms. However, when cells were transfected with TAp73β or ΔNp73α, only one cleaved form was generated. TAp73β probably harbors a N-terminal site, while ΔNp73α only harbors a C-terminal site. Cleavage at the N-terminal site, rather than that at the C-terminal site, appears to be important for an efficient apoptotic response, because it is associated with stabilization of cleaved proteins and high toxicity.Further studies are warranted to determine the accurate role of p73 cleavage in anoikis, especially since these cleavages arise independently of the p53 status and therefore could contribute to response to stress in cells with non functional p53.Acknowledgements: this work is supported by “La Ligue contre le cancer - Comité de la Somme” and the Syrian Ministry of Health.Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend.Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4461.
Metabolic programming and PDHK1 control CD4+ T cell subsets and inflammation
Authors: Valerie A. Gerriets, Rigel J. Kishton, Amanda G. Nichols, Andrew N. Macintyre, Makoto Inoue, Olga Ilkayeva, Peter S. Winter, Xiaojing Liu, Bhavana Priyadharshini, Marta E. Slawinska, Lea Haeberli, Catherine Huck, Laurence A. Turka, Kris C. Wood, Laura P. Hale, Paul A. Smith, Martin A. Schneider, Nancie J. MacIver, Jason W. Locasale, Christopher B. Newgard, Mari L. Shinohara, Jeffrey C. Rathmell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Activation of CD4+ T cells results in rapid proliferation and differentiation into effector and regulatory subsets. CD4+ effector T cell (Teff) (Th1 and Th17) and Treg subsets are metabolically distinct, yet the specific metabolic differences that modify T cell populations are uncertain. Here, we evaluated CD4+ T cell populations in murine models and determined that inflammatory Teffs maintain high expression of glycolytic genes and rely on high glycolytic rates, while Tregs are oxidative and require mitochondrial electron transport to proliferate, differentiate, and survive. Metabolic profiling revealed that pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a key bifurcation point between T cell glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. PDH function is inhibited by PDH kinases (PDHKs). PDHK1 was expressed in Th17 cells, but not Th1 cells, and at low levels in Tregs, and inhibition or knockdown of PDHK1 selectively suppressed Th17 cells and increased Tregs. This alteration in the CD4+ T cell populations was mediated in part through ROS, as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment restored Th17 cell generation. Moreover, inhibition of PDHK1 modulated immunity and protected animals against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, decreasing Th17 cells and increasing Tregs. Together, these data show that CD4+ subsets utilize and require distinct metabolic programs that can be targeted to control specific T cell populations in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Serotyping for homotransplantation. XIX. Experience with an interhospital scheme of cadaver-kidney sharing and tissue typing
Authors: R. Patel
Journal: JAMA (1969)

During the first 11 months of an interhospital program of cadaver-kidney sharing and tissue typing, 77 possible donors were typed, and 47 kidneys from 30 donors were transplanted into 46 recipients. Sixteen transplants were compatible with respect to the five leukocyte antigens considered. There was a tendency to accumulate recipients with few or rare antigens who were difficult to match. When the effect of recipient-pool size was studied under a hypothetical situation, 80% of potential transplants were compatible if both donor kidneys were transplanted into two recipients selected from the pool of eight hospitals, whereas only 25% were compatible if the recipients were selected from the "donor" hospital alone. Interhospital cooperation could allow a maximum utilization of cadaver kidneys and rapidly provide data for a critical evaluation of tissue typing in cadaver-organ transplantation.
P763Ovariectomy increases epinephrine-induced mortality in a rat takotsubo cardiomyopathy model: the effects of estrogen supplementation
Authors: MH Tranter, PT Wright, AR Lyon, SE Harding
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is an acute heart failure syndrome that can occur after a period of intense emotional stress, characterised by a hypokinetic apex and a hyperkinetic base. We have previously shown that a single IV injection of epinephrine can recapitulate the syndrome in male rats. As TCM usually occurs in post-menopausal females we gave the same epinephrine dose to normal female and ovariectomised (OVX) rats with or without short or long-term (2 weeks) estrogen replacement. Methods: OVX rats were anaesthetised with 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 and a parasternal long-axis echocardiograph was acquired. For short-term estrogen treatment, 600ng 17β-estradiol was infused IV 5 minutes before epinephrine injection (4.3x10-8mol.100g-1). For 2-week replacement, osmotic minipumps were implanted containing 17β-estradiol (238μg.day-1) in 50:50 glycerol:DMSO. Fractional shortening was measured before and at 5 minute intervals after epinephrine using M-mode images from the apex and base of the left ventricle. QTc was calculated using the LabChart 7 ECG Analysis Module from a Lead II ECG. Results: Compared to males, female non-OVX rats had reduced mortality and did not exhibit TCM-like contraction patterns when given the same epinephrine bolus (6.25% vs. 46% mortality; P<0.01). OVX rats showed increased mortality compared to non-OVX females (75% vs. 6.25%; P<0.001, n=12-16); death was typically due to VF. Two-week E2 supplementation (n=10) reduced mortality compared to OVX (no minipump) (10% vs. 75% mortality; P=0.007). Vehicle minipump (n=10) had a similar but non-significant trend to reduce mortality (40% vs. 75%; P=0.38) with the result that E2 vs. vehicle was not significantly different (P=0.30, n=10). Acute estrogen supplementation did not significantly reduce mortality (75% vs. 50%; P=0.4, n=12 per group). Vehicle and E2 minipump groups had significantly (P<0.0001 and P<0.01, respectively) shorter QTc intervals compared to OVX (no minipump) (OVX=200±2.36ms, n=12; E2=158±8.86ms, n=11; Vehicle=173±4.61 ms, n=11). The difference in QTc interval between E2 and vehicle groups was not significant. Conclusion: Female rats are protected from epinephrine-induced sudden death. Loss of ovarian function predisposes rats to epinephrine-mediated death; acute estrogen infusion did not reverse this but 2 week E2 treatment did. There appeared to be an interacting effect of the DMSO vehicle on this reduction, as well as the decrease in QTc interval: we suggest this may be a result of its effect to reduce ROS.
Toward a Better Classification System for HIV Infection
Authors: Robert R. Redfield, Edmund C. Tramont
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Having a useful classification system is critical to understanding and treating any complex disease process. Some classification systems help with diagnosis, such as the Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever. Some describe the natural history of a disease, such as the primary, secondary, and tertiary stages of syphilis. Others emphasize prognosis, such as the Dukes classification of adenocarcinoma of the colon or the staging classification for Hodgkin's disease. But all time-honored classification systems provide a basis for treatment, and all have conceptual value.A staging system for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) must meet similar objectives. However, HIV . . .
Small-Intestinal Endoscopy
Authors: J D Waye
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

A small imaging capsule without cables, wires, or external connections has been developed for exploration of the small bowel. This swallowable device is propelled by peristalsis through the intestinal tract, and transmits data to a nearby receiver that captures video images on a regular basis. This technology will soon be available throughout the world, and it promises to revolutionize deep endoscopy of the small bowel. Sonde enteroscopy will be laid to rest forever. There continues to be considerable interest in the use of push enteroscopy in the investigation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Physicians are beginning to rely more on intraoperative enteroscopy, because of its high degree of accuracy and its ability to provide visualization of the entire small bowel in selected patients in whom the bleeding source cannot be diagnosed, but who require blood transfusions.
India reduces estimated count of people with HIV
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2007)

India has lowered its estimate of people infected with HIV to 2.47 million for 2006, but health officials and public health experts have warned that the real reduction in HIV prevalence is only marginal.

The revised figure is more reliable than the 5.2 million estimate for 2005 and results from new estimation methods using data from a population survey to complement sentinel surveillance, senior health officials said last week.

India's HIV counts have long been controversial, with projections ranging in recent years from 3.4 million to 9.4 million. Five years ago, a US agency predicted that India could have 20 million people infected with HIV …
TCT-116 Periprocedural Checklist In Catheterization Laboratory Is Associated With Reduced Rate Of Treatment Complications
Authors: Michal Hawranek, Pawel Gasior, Piotr Buchta, Marek Gierlotka, Krystyna Czapla, Andrzej Lekston, Lech Polonski, Mariusz Gasior
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Identification of a specific intronic PEAR1 gene variant associated with greater platelet aggregability and protein expression
Authors: Nauder Faraday, Lisa R. Yanek, Xiao Ping Yang, Rasika Mathias, J. Enrique Herrera-Galeano, Bhoom Suktitipat, Rehan Qayyum, Andrew D. Johnson, Ming-Huei Chen, Geoffrey H. Tofler, Ingo Ruczinski, Alan D. Friedman, Arnaldur Gylfason, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Paul F. Bray, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Diane M. Becker, Lewis C. Becker
Journal: Blood (2011)
Effect of dipyridamole alone and in combination with aspirin on whole blood platelet aggregation, PGI2 generation, and red cell deformability ex vivo in man
Authors: A. R Saniabadi, T. C Fisher, M. McLaren, J. F Belch, C. D Forbes
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective – The aim was to investigate the effects of dipyridamole, aspirin, and a combination of dipyridamole plus aspirin on platelet aggregation in whole blood, PGI2 generation, and red cell deformability ex vivo. Subjects – were 16 male volunteers, aged 22-39 years, mean age, 26.6 years. Design – This was a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. The volunteer received each of the following treatments 10 days apart: dipyridamole 200 mg; aspirin 300 mg; dipyridamole 200 mg plus aspirin 300 mg; matched placebos. Measurements and main results – Blood was taken for platelet function tests, PGI2 metabolite assay, and red cell deformability before and 2 h after the trial dose was taken. Platelet aggregation was quantified by measuring the fall in single platelet count after stimulation with 2 μg·ml−1 collagen or 50 nM platelet activating factor (PAF), or by rollermixing aliquots of blood to initiate spontaneous aggregation. The platelet function tests were completed at 37°C within 10 min of venepuncture. The stable metabolite of PGI2, 6-keto PGFlα, was measured in serum. There was inhibition of spontaneous platelet aggregation by dipyridamole (p<0.004), aspirin (p<0.005), and the combination of dipyridamole plus aspirin (p<0.0001) as compared with placebo. PAF induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by dipyridamole (p<0.002) and the combination of dipyridamole plus aspirin (p<0.0001) but aspirin alone had no inhibitory effect. Collagen induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by all three treatments: dipyridamole (p<0.06), aspirin (p<0.0001), and the combination of dipyridamole plus aspirin (p<0.0001). PGI2 generation was markedly inhibited by aspirin (p<0.0001) and the combination doses (p<0.0001) but was unaffected by dipyridamole alone. Of the three active treatments, only dipyridamole alone significantly (p<0.001) increased red cell deformability; there was a modest decrease in red cell deformability with aspirin. Conclusions – The results with PAF support the view that dipyridamole inhibits platelet activation by more than one mechanism; the effect on collagen induced and spontaneous platelet aggregation suggests that the effect of the combination doses is additive and that on red cell deformability the synergy is negative.
NEURAL AND HORMONAL PEPTIDES IN RECTAL BIOPSY SPECIMENS FROM PATIENTS WITH CHAGAS' DISEASE AND CHRONIC AUTONOMIC FAILURE
Authors: R.G Long, A.J Barnes, D.J O'Shaughnessy, R Bannister, A.E Bishop, R.H Albuquerque, G.P Mcgregor, J.M Polak, S.R Bloom
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
STUDIES ON THE CREATINURIA DUE TO METHYLATED STEROIDS 1
Authors: Lawson Wilkins, Walter Fleischmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1945)

We reported in 1941 that the oral administration of methyl testosterone caused a. marked increase of creatine excretion in sexually undeveloped dwarfs (1).Simultaneously, Samuels, Henschel, and Keys (2) discovered that the same effects occurred in normal men.Since then Tager (3), Werner and West (4), and others (5, 6, 7) have observed that creatinuria followed the use of methyl testosterone in various conditions.The present paper deals with further studies we have made to determine the nature of the changes which occur in the creatinecreatinine metabolism.
A RAPID BEDSIDE TEST FOR THE CONCENTRATION OF SULFANILAMIDE, SULFAPYRIDINE AND SULFATHIAZOLE
Authors: A. G. Sheftel
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In the treatment of infectious diseases with drugs of the sulfonamide group it is desirable to maintain an optimum concentration of these drugs in the blood, and therefore periodic tests are essential for best results. The method herein described is simple and accurate and can be performed in a few minutes at the bedside or in the office. It is a modification of the Marshall method, but it has the following advantages: All reagents are stable, in tablet form. No pipets are required except one for collecting blood. Only 0.1 cc. of blood for sulfanilamide and 0.2 cc. of blood for sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole are required. The blood can either be oxalated or be obtained from the finger tip or the ear lobe. A special colorimeter has been developed for this test which is small, compact and accurate and can be carried in a bag or in a pocket. It