tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acyclovir Therapy for Herpes Zoster: Advantages and Adverse Effects
Authors: Henry H. Balfour
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Acyclovir sodium administered intravenously to treat acute herpes zoster in an immunocompromised patient was associated with side effects as described by Sylvester et al in this issue ofThe Journal. 1 The CASE REPORT raises several important questions: Should acyclovir be used for treatment of herpes zoster, and, if so, what dosage is appropriate and what adverse effects can be expected?  Acyclovir is a specific inhibitor of the DNA polymerase of all five members of the human herpesvirus family and thus the drug is potentially useful for treatment of many herpes-virus-associated diseases.  The median sensitivity of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 strains to acyclovir as measured by plaque reduction is 0.4μM. 2 Plasma concentrations fivefold higher than this can be attained by ingesting one 200-mg acyclovir capsule. Therefore, it is not surprising that acyclovir is the drug of choice for treatment of primary 3 and recurrent 4 genital herpes, herpes
Cyclic Changes in T Waves
Authors: Joseph Edeiken
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The T waves of the electrocardiogram are sometimes altered in the absence of heart disease, but the author has not found any reports of T wave changes occurring cyclically in association with the menstrual period. In the present case the T wave changes occurred in the intermenstrual periods. The changes suggested myocardial ischemia, but there was no associated pain, dyspnea, or other evidence of heart disease. Following a supravaginal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoovariectomy because of a large uterine fibroid, electrocardiograms made twice weekly for 10 months and once weekly for 6 months thereafter have been normal. The time relationship suggested that the electrocardiographic changes were apparently associated with some intermenstrual process, but efforts to reproduce the T wave changes by hormone treatment were not successful.
Caring for the future.
Authors: M. Lawrence
Journal: BMJ (1992)

We live in a time of massive change.Primary care is no exception.Having practised in a relatively stable structure since 1948, general practitioners have been affected in the past five years by various government initiatives. 1-8One thing is certain, the general practitioner is no longer going to be left to practise independently and in isolation.The demand is for accountability -to patients with needs, to a profession dedicated to assuring quality, and to a society which sets targets for effective and efficient care, where possible justified by research.The three areas of accountability are interrelated and the key to satisfying them is partnership.
Physiotherapy intervention late after stroke: Author's reply
Authors: D. T Wade
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and a review of systems in only seven.A clear statement of the indications for treatment with lithium was found in 18 of the notes, while an explicit treatment plan had been preserved in only five.In none of the case notes was there a record suggesting that the patient had been informed of the possible side effects or toxicity of lithium, nor of the need to have regular blood tests and to maintain adequate fluid intake.Lithium is known to be a toxic drug and patients are undoubtedly given information about its use, but this should be recorded, particularly in view ofrecent medicolegal interest in the use of lithium.Kehoe and Mander comment that certain aspects of lithium prescribing and monitoring habits give cause for concern; our audit suggests that this concern should also be extended to the period when lithium is first prescribed and to the recording of treatment and advice given.
Contribution of direct and indirect recognition pathways to T cell alloreactivity.
Authors: Z Liu, Y K Sun, Y P Xi, A Maffei, E Reed, P Harris, N Suciu-Foca
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

T cells from an HLA-DR11/DR12 responder were stimulated in mixed lymphocyte culture with cells carrying the DR1 antigen. After priming, T cells proliferated in response to both DR1-positive-stimulating cells and a peptide derived from a polymorphic region of the HLA-DR beta 1*0101 chain presented by responder's antigen-presenting cells (APC). The dominant epitope recognized by the primed T cells corresponded to residue 21-42 and was presented by the responder's HLA-DR12 antigen. The DR1 peptide-reactive T cells express T cell receptor V beta 3. The results demonstrate that allopeptides derived from the processing and presentation of donor major histocompatibility complex molecules by host-derived APC trigger alloreactivity. The frequency of T cells engaged in the indirect pathway of allorecognition is about 100-fold lower than that of T cells participating in the direct recognition of native HLA-DR antigen. However, indirect allorecognition may play an important role in chronic allograft rejection, a phenomenon that is mediated by the activation of T helper cells and of alloantibody-producing B cells.
Risk Factors for Aborted Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Cardiac Death in Children With the Congenital Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Ilan Goldenberg, Arthur J. Moss, Derick R. Peterson, Scott McNitt, Wojciech Zareba, Mark L. Andrews, Jennifer L. Robinson, Emanuela H. Locati, Michael J. Ackerman, Jesaia Benhorin, Elizabeth S. Kaufman, Carlo Napolitano, Silvia G. Priori, Ming Qi, Peter J. Schwartz, Jeffrey A. Towbin, G. Michael Vincent, Li Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is an important cause of sudden cardiac death in children without structural heart disease. However, specific risk factors for life-threatening cardiac events in children with this genetic disorder have not been identified.Cox proportional-hazards regression modeling was used to identify risk factors for aborted cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death in 3015 LQTS children from the International LQTS Registry who were followed up from 1 through 12 years of age. The cumulative probability of the combined end point was significantly higher in boys (5%) than in girls (1%; P<0.001). Risk factors for cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death during childhood included corrected QT interval [QTc] duration > 500 ms (hazard ratio [HR]; 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50 to 4.92; P=0.001) and prior syncope (recent syncope [< 2 years]: HR, 6.16; 95% CI 3.41 to 11.15; P<0.001; remote syncope [> or = 2 years]: HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.22 to 5.85; P=0.01) in boys, whereas prior syncope was the only significant risk factor among girls (recent syncope: HR, 27.82; 95% CI, 9.72 to 79.60; P<0.001; remote syncope: HR, 12.04; 95% CI, 3.79 to 38.26; P<0.001). Beta-blocker therapy was associated with a significant 53% reduction in the risk of cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death (P=0.01).LQTS boys experience a significantly higher rate of fatal or near-fatal cardiac events than girls during childhood. A QTc duration > 500 ms and a history of prior syncope identify risk in boys, whereas prior syncope is the only significant risk factor among girls. Beta-blocker therapy is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of life-threatening cardiac events during childhood.
Differential Diagnosis in Pediatric Imaging
Authors: Sarah Bixby
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transplantation of human fetal blood stem cells in the osteogenesis imperfecta mouse leads to improvement in multiscale tissue properties
Authors: Maximilien Vanleene, Zahraa Saldanha, Kristy L. Cloyd, Gavin Jell, George Bou-Gharios, J. H. Duncan Bassett, Graham R. Williams, Nicholas M. Fisk, Michelle L. Oyen, Molly M. Stevens, Pascale V. Guillot, Sandra J. Shefelbine
Journal: Blood (2010)
Ophthalmologist and Optician
Authors: B. Wilkins
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Clinical prediction models are used frequently in clinical practice to identify patients who are at risk of developing an adverse outcome so that preventive measures can be initiated. A prediction model can be developed in a number of ways; however, an appropriate variable selection strategy needs to be followed in all cases. Our purpose is to introduce readers to the concept of variable selection in prediction modelling, including the importance of variable selection and variable reduction strategies. We will discuss the various variable selection techniques that can be applied during prediction model building (backward elimination, forward selection, stepwise selection and all possible subset selection), and the stopping rule/selection criteria in variable selection (p values, Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion and Mallows’ C<sub>p</sub> statistic). This paper focuses on the importance of including appropriate variables, following the proper steps, and adopting the proper methods when selecting variables for prediction models.
Medicine, Radiation, and Probability of Causation
Authors: J. E. Rall
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Council on Scientific Affairs, in its article entitled "Radioepidemiological Tables,"<sup>1</sup>recommended that "the probability of causation approach not be applied to occupational radiation exposures or to diagnostic or therapeutic exposures in medicine." Public Law 97-414, which mandated preparation of the Radioepidemiological Tables, is very specific in that it requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services only to "devise and publish radioepidemiological tables that estimate the likelihood that persons who have or have had any of the radiation-related cancers and who have received specific doses prior to the onset of such disease developed cancer as a result of these doses." This law does not state how these tables should be used in lawsuits that might be brought to compensate individuals who claim they are victims of radiation-related induction of cancer. According to the law, the Secretary of Health and Human Services cannot specifically exempt persons
Role of nitric oxide in the gastric accommodation reflex and in meal induced satiety in humans
Authors: J Tack, I Demedts, A Meulemans, J Schuurkes, J Janssens
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Aims:</b> In humans, impaired gastric accommodation is associated with early satiety and weight loss. In animals, accommodation involves activation of gastric nitrergic neurones. Our aim was to study involvement of nitric oxide in gastric accommodation and in meal induced satiety in humans. <b>Methods:</b> The effect of N<sup>G</sup>-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) 4 mg/kg/h and 8 mg/kg/h on gastric compliance, on sensitivity to distension, and on gastric accommodation was studied with a barostat in double blind, randomised, placebo controlled studies. The effect of l-NMMA 8 mg/kg/h on meal induced satiety was studied using a drinking test. <b>Results:</b>l-NMMA had no significant effect on fasting compliance and sensitivity. Ingestion of a meal induced a relaxation of 274 (15) ml which was significantly smaller after l-NMMA 4 mg/kg/h (132 (45) ml; p=0.03) or l-NMMA 8 mg/kg/h (82 (72) ml; p=0.03). l-NMMA 8 mg/kg/h significantly decreased the amount of food ingested at maximum satiety from 1058 (67) to 892 (73) kcal (p&lt;0.01). <b>Conclusion:</b> In humans, fasting gastric tone and sensitivity to distension are not influenced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition, but the gastric accommodation reflex involves activation of nitrergic neurones. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase impairs accommodation and enhances meal induced satiety.
Mortality among PVC-fabricating employees.
Authors: L Chiazze, L D Ference
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The results of a cross-sectional mortality study of 3847 deaths occurring among current and former (white) employees of 17 PVC fabricators during 1964-1973 are presented. Sex-race-cause-specific proportionate mortality ratios (PMR's) were computed by using two separate standards: one, the U.S. mortality in 1968; the second, U.S. mortality for the individual years 1964-1973. In addition, a case-control analysis, based upon 44 breast cancer deaths among white female employees, is presented. PMR's are significantly different from unity for all cancers, and for cancers of the digestive system among both white males and white females. Although observed deaths significantly exceeded expectations for cancer of the breast, a subsequent case-control analysis reveals no statistically significant relative risks for breast cancer.
PERSISTENT HYPERSENSITIVITY TO LIGHT AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF TRYPAFLAVINE.
Authors: H. HAXTHAUSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article PERSISTENT HYPERSENSITIVITY TO LIGHT AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF TRYPAFLAVINE. Get access H. HAXTHAUSEN, M.D. H. HAXTHAUSEN, M.D. Professor of Dermatology, University of Copenhagen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 1, 1 January 1933, Pages 16–18, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb09635.x Published: 01 January 1933
Fair allocation of resources
Authors: I. Haslock, D H Kenward
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>Purpose</h3> Angiosarcoma is a rare aggressive endothelial cell cancer with high mortality. Isolated reports suggest immune checkpoint inhibition efficacy in angiosarcoma, but no prospective studies have been published. We report results for angiosarcoma treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab as a cohort of an ongoing rare cancer study. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a prospective, open-label, multicenter phase II clinical trial of ipilimumab (1 mg/kg intravenously every 6 weeks) plus nivolumab (240 mg intravenously every 2 weeks) for metastatic or unresectable angiosarcoma. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints include progression-free (PFS) and overall survival, and toxicity. A two-stage design was used. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, there were 16 evaluable patients. Median age was 68 years (range, 25–81); median number of prior lines of therapy, 2. Nine patients had cutaneous and seven non-cutaneous primary tumors. ORR was 25% (4/16). Sixty per cent of patients (3/5) with primary cutaneous scalp or face tumors attained a confirmed response. Six-month PFS was 38%. Altogether, 75% of patients experienced an adverse event (AE) (at least possibly related to drug) (25% grade 3–4 AE); 68.8%, an immune-related AE (irAE) (2 (12.5%), grade 3 or 4 irAEs (alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase increase and diarrhea)). There were no grade 5 toxicities. One of seven patients in whom tumor mutation burden (TMB) was assessed showed a high TMB (24 mutations/mb); that patient achieved a partial response (PR). Two of three patients with PDL1 immunohistochemistry assessed had high PDL1 expression; one achieved a PR. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab demonstrated an ORR of 25% in angiosarcoma, with three of five patients with cutaneous tumors of the scalp or face responding. Ipilimumab and nivolumab warrant further investigation in angiosarcoma. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT02834013.
Abstract 4594: Grape seed extract induces apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma through modulation of death receptors and anti-apoptotic molecules
Authors: Molly M. Derry, Rajesh Agarwal, Chapla Agarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables are shown to decrease CRC incidence by 40%, in part due to antioxidant and free radical properties of the polyphenolics present therein; grape seed extract (GSE) is one of the richest sources of these antioxidants. Oncogenic mutations that suppress apoptosis can lead to tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis; a major cause of conventional treatment resistance is due to apoptotic pathway defects. Accordingly, the strategies that target the mechanisms of apoptosis resistance in cancer cells provide the potential opportunities for cancer management. Herein we investigated the apoptotic effects of GSE and defined associated mechanisms in three human CRC cell lines, namely SW480, SW620 and HCT116, representing II-IV stages of CRC. Normal colon epithelial cells namely NCM460 was also included to establish GSE specificity, if any, towards CRC cells. A comparison of GSE activity in three CRC cell lines showed that almost three times higher GSE levels are needed for comparable cell death effect in SW480 versus SW620/HCT116 cells; cell treatments were accordingly adjusted for remainder studies. GSE treatment of SW480 cells at 25-100μg/mL resulted in a maximum of 55% apoptotic death at 48h; however, even 10-30μg/mL GSE treatments produced 53-57% apoptotic cell death in SW620 and HCT116 cell lines. At the molecular level, GSE induced DR4/5 up regulation, caspase-9, -3, -8, and PARP cleavage in all three cell lines indicating the involvement of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in its efficacy. Furthermore, GSE treatment caused down regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and XIAP in SW480 cells only, but increased the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Mcl-1s in all three cell lines. Importantly, GSE also increased the levels of p53 and its associated regulators namely p21, PUMA and Bak, suggesting their possible role in GSE-caused apoptotic death in HCT116 cell line. GSE treatment (25-100μg/mL) of NCM460 cells did not result in significant death compared to what was observed in three different human CRC cell lines, clearly showing its activity selectively in cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings further support the notion that GSE could be an effective chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4594. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4594
Abstract B51: Potential role of CXCR3 in breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Wendy Feng, Tino Unlap
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer has a high tendency to metastasize to the bone. Breast cancer bone metastasis causes several serious clinical complications such as extreme bone pain, bone fracture, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression. Furthermore, once breast cancer metastasizes to the bone, it often becomes incurable. However, the molecular mechanism of breast cancer bone metastasis is not fully understood. CXCR3 and its ligands (CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) have been shown to play a role in the initiation and progression of cancer metastasis in various types of cancer including breast cancer. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that CXCR3 can promote breast cancer cell line metastasis to the lung in mouse models. A recent study has revealed that CXCR3 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and that its expression is positively associated with breast cancer progression. Since the bone is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis, it is possible that CXCR3 and one or more of its ligands are also involved in breast cancer bone metastasis by promoting extravasation of breast tumor cells to the bone. The objective of this study was to carry out several experiments to test this possibility. First, we assessed whether MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line expresses CXCR3 using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Our data indicate that both CXCR3 mRNA and protein are highly expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells. Next, the expression of CXCR3 ligands (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) in bone cells (RAW264.7 and RAW264.7-derived osteoclasts) was examined using RT-PCR, and the data indicate that the bone cells express CXCL10 and CXCL11. In particular, CXCL11 mRNA expression levels increase during osteoclast differentiation. Finally, we performed chemotaxis assays to determine whether the bone cells are able to induce directed migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. We found that the bone cells can exert profound chemotactic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, these findings support the possibility that CXCR3 and its ligands may be involved in breast cancer bone metastasis by mediating breast cancer cell extravasation into the bone marrow. Future studies are needed to address whether CXCR3 is the predominant factor in mediating bone cell-dependent breast cancer migration. Moreover, animal model studies are also needed to investigate whether CXCR3 and its ligands are involved in breast cancer bone metastasis in vivo. If CXCR3 is in fact a predominant factor mediating breast cancer metastasis, CXCR3 may be a potential therapeutic target of breast cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Wendy Feng, Tino Unlap. Potential role of CXCR3 in breast cancer bone metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B51.