tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
India sets up a commission on macroeconomics and health
Authors: S. Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2003)

India has announced the formation of its own national commission on macroeconomics and health. The commission, to be co-chaired by India's health and finance ministers, will look into areas needing attention and try to find ways of increasing investment in health.

Its formation was prompted by the report of the World Health Organization's Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, set up in 2000, which concluded that development would not automatically occur in the developing world without increased investment in health. Its report, published in December 2001, called for …
TITRATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS IN CHICK EMBRYOS
Authors: C. A. Knight
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

A study was made to establish the reproducibility of end points obtained in the titration of influenza viruses in chick embryos. Six tests were performed, each composed of five replicate titrations of a purified preparation of the PR8 strain of influenza virus. The data from these titrations were subjected to statistical analysis which revealed that the chances are 19 out of 20 that differences in end points of 0.37 and 0.62 logarithmic units are significant in titrations employing ten embryos and five embryos per dilution, respectively. Additional simultaneous titrations in embryos and in mice showed that chick embryos are sensitive to considerably smaller amounts of virus than are mice, and that the mouse titration is adversely affected by inactive virus under conditions which are without apparent influence on the embryo titration.
Immunological aspects of liver disease.
Authors: A L Eddleston, P T Donaldson, J E Hegarty, B D Reed
Journal: Gut (1991)

The early years The immunology section of the Liver Unit began, like so many other research areas in those early days, as a foray into the unknown by enthusiastic but relatively inexperienced research fellows.During an eventful year as a medical registrar at Dulwich Hospital in 1967, Adrian Eddleston was enlisted as both injector of Tech- netium sulphur colloid in the Physics Depart- ment at King's and interpreter of the resulting liver scintiscans, and soon found that his appetite for research first kindled in Oxford, was alive and well.Hot spleens and cold livers, the norm in cirrhosis, were tracked down to changes in blood flow in the two organs, after some stimulat- ing discussions with Laurie Blendis, an uncom- promising but wonderfully stimulating research mentor.'Adrian joined the research staff of the Liver Unit in the next year, and expressed an interest in studying the immunology of autoimmune liver diseases, an area of almost complete ignor- ance both generally and at a personal level!The power of effector lymphocytes as opposed to the more popular antibodies was just beginning to be perceived, and as the first step in a steep learning curve, Adrian went to Copenhagen to learn the new technique of leucocyte migration inhibition from its inventors, S0borg and Bendixen, who were interested in the cellular immune basis of
Suicide in Dublin
Authors: P. D. McCarthy, D. Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Professor Carstairs (1961) has stated: " Southern Ireland has a reported suicide rate which is among the lowest in the world, but this is a country in which the Roman Catholic Church has great authority.It is doubtful whether there really are few suicides or whether there, for religious reasons, great pains are taken to represent suicide when it occurs as death from other causes."Since no work had previously been done on suicide in Ireland, we decided to study suicide in Dublin over a 10-year period.We were especially concerned to establish a reliable suicide rate for the area under consideration and by extension to draw some hypothetical conclusions about suicide in the country as a whole.We were also interested in investigating the social, economic, and medical patterning of our suicide sample both in itself and in relation to such key studies on suicide as those of Cavan (1928) in Chicago, Sainsbury (1955) in London, and Farberow and Shneidman (1961) in Los Angeles. Present InvestigationMethod.-Permission was obtained from the Dublin City Coroner and the County Dublin Coroner to examine their records for the years 1954 to 1963 inclusive to find every case coming to their courts during that period irrespective of the verdicts they returned.To this end we examined, in the first place, the registers of both coroners for 1954 to 1963.Entries in these registers in each case described briefly the mode and circumstances of death, and if any of the entries were such as to indicate the possibility of self-inflicted death then the records for that case were scrutinized in detail and suicide was either confirmed or excluded.In three cases we were unable to decide from the evidence available whether the person had killed him- self or not, and these three were excluded from further con- sideration.The data presented therefore cover every suicide known to either coroner occurring in the Dublin city and county area with a population of 718,332 (Census of Population of Ireland, 1961) from 1954 to 1963 inclusive.Sample.-There were 315 suicides in the sample.Of these, 31 were excluded from analysis because the coroner's records of them were incomplete.In three of the excluded cases the suicide had removed all traces of identity, so that very little information was available.The remaining 284 cases comprise the group discussed below.Rate.-With 315 suicides for 10 years for the population studied, the mean annual suicide rate for the period was 4.5 per 100,000 of population.Age and Sex.-There were 158 male suicides (55.6% of the sample) and 126 (44.4%) female (Table I).The breakdown by age group shows the low incidence in early adolescent life, rising through the third and fourth decades and falling a little in the fifth, reaching a peak at ages 50 to 70 and then falling.This trend is also evident in the age-specific rates showing the annual rate per 100,000 population in each group, with a con- siderable preponderance in males over 60, which largely accounts for the overall male excess.
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY OF THE NEOVASC REDUCER A DEVICE-BASED THERAPY FOR CHRONIC REFRACTORY ANGINA
Authors: Shmuel Banai, Marc Schwartz, Horst Sievert, Ashok Seth, Gad Keren, Keyur H. Parikh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Studies of the oesophageal clearance responses to intraluminal acid.
Authors: D G Thompson, N A Andreollo, A S McIntyre, R J Earlam
Journal: Gut (1988)

Contraction of the upper oesophageal sphincter combined with secondary peristalsis clears the oesophagus of refluxed gastric contents and protects the trachea, but the nature of these reflex stimuli remains controversial. Secondary peristaltic and sphincteric responses were measured during intraluminal infusion of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and equiosmolar saline solutions in seven normal volunteers. Responses to a single volume infused at varying sites in the oesophagus and to progressively increasing volumes of test solution were measured. In addition oesophageal responses to similar degrees of distension induced by inflation of an intraluminal balloon were also recorded. The sphincteric responses to both stimuli were similar, decreasing in value with distance from the sphincter from values of 70 (68-85) mmHg (median (range] for HCl; and 70 (55-85) mmHg for NaCl at 5 cm below the sphincter to 40 (30-60) mmHg for both HCl and NaCl at 20 cm. As the volume of the solution infused into the proximal oesophagus was increased, the sphincter pressure also rose from a median basal value of 30 (25-50) mmHg to 40 (30-50) mmHg for HCl and NaCl after 1 ml, while after 7 ml infusion, the responses were greater, 65 (45-85) mmHg for HCl, and 60 (45-80) mmHg for NaCl. In the more distal oesophagus, responses were qualitatively similar but quantitatively smaller than proximally, being 30 (25-40) mmHg for HCl and 30 (25-50) mmHg for NaCl following 1 ml and 45 (40-55) mmHg for HCl and NaCl after 7 ml. Secondary peristalsis was also induced equally by both solutions and varied with volumes infused and site of infusion in a manner similar to the sphincter responses. After a 7 ml/min acid infusion 14 (1- 40) secondary contractions/three min were recorded at 5 cm and eight (2 - 18)/three min were recorded at 20 cm. Values for saline were similar, 13 (1- 38)/three min at 5 cm and eight (4 - 25)/three min at 20 cm. Oesophageal distension by a balloon positioned 10 cm below the sphincter induced identical clearance responses to those seen after similar volumes of either acid or saline infused at the same site. These results suggest that the principal stimulus for upper oesophageal clearance is intraluminal distension and do not support the idea that the oesophagus is pH sensitive.
A Consultant-Extender System for Breast Cancer Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: DAVID WIRTSCHAFTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We have implemented a consultant-extender system that enables community physicians, in cooperation with regional specialists, to deliver adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with node-positive breast cancer. The system employs computer-generated care protocol forms that indicate the data to be collected and the drug dose(s), with the appropriate rules for their administration. This continuous process of monitoring and modifying therapy assures protocol compliance and facilitates quality of care assessment. Seventy-three physicians throughout Alabama delivered appropriate chemotherapy at nearly 97% of 2612 visits by 195 patients. Disease-free intervals of 149 of those patients treated in a prospective clinical trial are indistinguishable from those of comparable patients treated largely within academic centers. This system provides a mechanism for decentralizing speciality care, incorporating community physicians into clinical trials, and improving continuing medical education techniques.
Human peripheral blood monocytes display surface antigens recognized by monoclonal antinuclear antibodies.
Authors: V M Holers, B L Kotzin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We used monoclonal anti-nuclear autoantibodies and indirect immunofluorescence to examine normal human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes for the presence of cell surface nuclear antigens. Only one monoclonal anti-histone antibody (MH-2) was found to bind to freshly isolated PBL, staining approximately 10% of large cells. However, after cells were placed into culture for 16-24 h, a high percentage (up to 60%) of large-sized cells were recognized by an anti-DNA (BWD-1) and several different antihistone monoclonal antibodies (BWH-1, MH-1, and MH-2). These antibodies recognize separate antigenic determinants on chromatin and histones extracted from chromatin. None of the monoclonal autoantibodies appeared to bind to a significant percentage of cells of relatively small cell size, either before or after culture. The histone antigen-positive cells were viable, and the monoclonal antibodies could be shown to be binding to the cell surface and not to the nucleus. Further experiments, including those using aggregated Ig to block antibody binding, strongly indicated that anti-histone antibody binding was not Fc receptor mediated. Using monoclonal antibodies specific for monocytes and T cells, and complement-mediated cytotoxicity, the cells bearing histone antigens were shown to be primarily monocytes. The appearance of histone and DNA antigen-positive cells was nearly completely inhibited by the addition of low concentrations (0.25 micrograms/ml) of cycloheximide at initiation of the cultures. In contrast, little effect on the percentage of positive cells was detected if cells were exposed to high doses of gamma irradiation before culture. These data further support the existence of cell surface nuclear antigens on selected cell subsets, which may provide insight into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and related autoimmune diseases.
Validation of the Doser, a new device for monitoring metered-dose inhaler use
Authors: Michael S. Simmons, Mitchell A. Nides, Eric C. Kleerup, Kenneth R. Chapman, Henry Milgrom, Cynthia S. Rand, Sheldon L. Spector, Donald P. Tashkin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)

Electronic monitoring of medication use has proved valuable in both clinical and research settings. The Doser, a new and inexpensive commercially available device for monitoring metered-dose inhaler (MDI) use, displays 3 measures of daily use of an attached MDI: (1) the daily total of actuations, (2) the number of doses remaining in the MDI, and (3) the number of actuations on each of the preceding 30 days for later recall.We sought to validate the accuracy of the Doser with several commonly prescribed MDIs.In the laboratory, clinic personnel actuated an MDI with an attached Doser several times in succession on 3 consecutive days and recorded each of the 3 measures of MDI use (study 1). In study 2 clinic personnel carried an MDI and attached Doser with them for 4 weeks, actuating the MDI according to a prescribed protocol each morning and evening and again recording each of the 3 measures of daily use. In addition, during 2 weeks of study 2, a thermistor-based Nebulizer Chronolog was attached to the MDI to electronically record the date and time of each actuation. In study 3 clinic patients had both a Doser and Nebulizer Chronolog attached to their routinely used inhalers for 2 weeks and a Doser alone during a separate 2-week period.In study 1 agreement was 99% to 100% among the 3 Doser measures, and each measure agreed with actual use by self-report 97% of the time. In study 2 agreement among the 3 Doser measures of use ranged from 98% to 99%. Agreement between each of the 3 Doser measures and the Nebulizer Chronolog ranged from 90% to 93%. Agreement between each of the 3 Doser measures and actual use ranged from 96% to 97%, and the Nebulizer Chronolog agreed with actual use 93% of the time. In study 3 Doser and Nebulizer Chronolog agreement with patient self-report were 85% and 80%, respectively. Agreement between the Doser and Nebulizer Chronolog was 76%. Several failures of the thermistor-based Nebulizer Chronolog occurred, and occasional mechanical problems occurred with the Doser, primarily on particular types of MDI canisters.The Doser provides an accurate measure of MDI use with most commonly prescribed medications and may be useful for monitoring MDI use by investigators, clinicians, and patients.
Visualization of Infected Cardiac Pacemaker Leads by SPECT In-111 Leukocyte Imaging
Authors: Shayne Squires, Malik Juweid
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

From the Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA. Received for publication June 16, 2004; accepted November 29, 2004. Reprints: Shayne Squires, MD, Division of Nuclear Medicine, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655. E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract 1026: Correlation of complex signaling pathway interactions with cell migration in a combined phosphorylation-cell migration assay
Authors: Huaxian Chen, Daniel Draney, Michael Olive
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The acquisition of the ability of a cell to migrate, a process critical to tumor progression, is dependent on the activation of key cell signaling pathways. Screening assays that simultaneously quantify cell migration and the activity of the underlying signaling kinases may facilitate more efficient drug development. We report here an assay that allows simultaneous assessment of cell migration and pathway activity. The assay was performed in a commercially available microtiter plate and used near-infrared detection to achieve high sensitivity and reproducible results. The quality of the assay as determined by Z-factor analysis was 0.7 for migration and 0.58 for detection of phosphorylation. To model the drug screening process, we examined the effects of inhibitors of IGF-1R, PDGFR, and EGFR on cell migration and phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. An IGF-1R inhibitor strongly decreased both cell migration and phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. A PDGFR inhibitor showed a similar effect, but to a lesser degree. Inhibitors of PI-3 kinase/AKT and MEK also decreased cell migration but had surprising effects on the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. Inhibition of MEK reduced phosphorylation of ERK to undetectable levels, yet did not completely abolish cell migration. Instead, AKT phosphorylation increased significantly. Likewise, inhibition of AKT decreased but did not abolish migration and increased ERK phosphorylation. The combination assay effectively assessed both migration and pathway activity as well as pathway crosstalk, a feature that should be useful for drug development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1026. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1026
Serum IgE and Skin Test Using Partially Purified Specific Gnathostoma Spinigerum Antigen by Immunoblot Test Detecting 24kD Protein Among Patients with Angioedema or Eosinophilia
Authors: Wirach Maek-a-nantawat, Benjaluck Phonrat, Valai Bussaratid, Supaporn Nuamtanong, Wallop Pakdee, Paron Dekumyoy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Clinical Laboratories: Myth, Fact and Future
Authors: Mitchell T. Rabkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

One of the most persistent misconceptions about hospital finances is that of "profit" by hospital clinical laboratories and certain other revenue-generating departments. In this issue of the Journal, Dr. Rex Conn makes some provocative observations about the economics of hospital laboratories, but the Journal's readers ought to be clear about some elementary facts of hospital financing in this country before they draw too many conclusions. Let's examine Dr. Conn's concern that the laboratory supports "...unrelated deficit-producing hospital operations." Now, if a hospital department generates revenue its charges should at least match its costs, for only the lesser of the . . .
Don't take blood from the arm where gel is applied
Authors: H. Nizar, A. Balasanthiran, D. Morganstein, B. Norman, K. Shotliff
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Mason and colleagues report that sexual precocity occurred in a 4 year old boy with inadvertent transfer of transdermal testosterone gel.1 We report contamination of blood samples during venepuncture.

A patient receiving testosterone replacement treatment had a serum …
WATER AND SALT REQUIREMENTS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: JOHN H. TALBOTT
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Salts and water of the body are inextricably bound in their interchange between organism and environment. This generalization applies particularly to sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate and protein, electrolytes which are the principal contributors to the pattern of intracellular and extracellular fluid. The exchange of these electrolytes and the exchange of water comprise the theme of this chapter. Several other electrolytes present in the human organism such as magnesium, calcium, lactate, iron, iodide and urate are osmotically unimportant for fluid balance and will not be discussed. The anatomy of body fluids, i. e. the structural compartments and the concentration of electrolytes, will be outlined first. It will be followed by an inquiry into the mechanism of the ingress of the several components into the body. The remainder of the review, which is proportionately longest, will be concerned with their egress from the body. It is deemed most appropriate in the
Virilizing Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Arthur Bauman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

CONGENITAL adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an uncommon disorder, but the incidence of virilizing adrenocortical neoplasms, benign and malignant, is even less common.<sup>1</sup>The occurrence of both conditions in the same patient<sup>2-5</sup>raises the question of whether or not the association is coincidental. The patient described herein was born with a salt-losing form of CAH, probably caused by a severe 21-hydroxylase deficiency; despite adequate control, a virilizing carcinoma of the adrenal cortex developed. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 11-year-old girl was admitted to the White Plains (NY) Hospital Medical Center because of progressive virilization associated with strikingly increasing levels of urinary 17-ketosteroids (17-KS). During the first week of life, the patient had had persistent vomiting, weakness, and convulsions. Serum sodium level had been 126 mEq/L, and serum potassium level, 9.2 mEq/L. The clitoris had been enlarged and the labia majora fused. A cystourethrogram had shown dye in a vaginal
NSort/DB: An Intranuclear Compartment Protein Database
Authors: Kai Willadsen, Nurul Mohamad, Mikael Bodén
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Distinct substructures within the nucleus are associated with a wide variety of important nuclear processes. Structures such as chromatin and nuclear pores have specific roles, while others such as Cajal bodies are more functionally varied. Understanding the roles of these membraneless intra-nuclear compartments requires extensive data sets covering nuclear and compartment-associated proteins. NSort/DB is a database providing access to intra- or sub-nuclear compartment associations for the mouse nuclear proteome. Based on resources ranging from large-scale curated data sets to detailed experiments, this data set provides a high-quality set of annotations of non-exclusive association of nuclear proteins with structures such as promyelocytic leukaemia bodies and chromatin. The database is searchable by protein identifier or compartment, and has a documented web service API. The search interface, web service and data download are all freely available online at http://www.nsort.org/db/. Availability of this data set will enable systematic analyses of the protein complements of nuclear compartments, improving our understanding of the diverse functional repertoire of these structures.
AUTOINTOXICATION IN RELATION TO THE EYE.
Authors: G. E. DE SCHWEINITZ
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> Observers differ, often widely, in their conception of autointoxication; hence it is necessary first to describe, briefly at least, what is included in the term in so far as the present contribution is concerned. As W. Louis Chapman<sup>1</sup>points out, "the variety of definitions given for this state bears testimony to the difficulty of obtaining one which is terse yet comprehensive." The one advocated by Albu<sup>2</sup>is as follows: "Autointoxication is a poisoning of the organism by the products of its own metabolism, which may be normal, but accumulated in excessive quantities, or they may be abnormal. Among the latter it is necessary to distinguish between those which are subject to further transposition, and those which are formed not at all or only in slight degree in the healthy organism." Food in its passage from the mouth to the large intestine is subject to complex chemical processes