tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Bipolar Depression
Authors: R.H. Belmaker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Bipolar disorder consists of depressive episodes of low mood, difficulty in concentration and work, poor sleep, and poor appetite, as well as distinct manic episodes of expansive mood, pressured speech, overactivity, sexual excesses, aggressiveness, and little need for sleep; both types of episode may last for weeks or months. The primary goal of treatment is the prevention of these episodes with the use of mood stabilizers such as lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine and some of the new atypical antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine or quetiapine. However, when prophylaxis fails and a depressive or manic episode occurs, questions of appropriate . . .
Moorfields Eye Hospital is to host European trial of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Moorfields Eye Hospital in London is to carry out a clinical trial of human embryonic stem cells in the treatment of Stargardt’s disease, a form of macular degeneration. The phase 1 and 2 trial, which is due to begin in a few months, is said to be the first in Europe to test stem cells of this kind in patients.

The trial will be conducted by the retinal surgeon James Bainbridge. Describing his hopes for the new treatment in this and other forms of macular degeneration, he …
An Evaluation of Candidate Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Asian Indians
Authors: Anoop Misra, Jasjeet Singh Wasir, Ravinder Mohan Pandey
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

We aimed to evaluate eight candidate definitions of the metabolic syndrome (MS) against the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) definition as the reference for optimally defining MS in adult Asian Indians.We used clinical and biochemical data from our previous cross-sectional epidemiological studies. Candidate definitions of MS were proposed by modifying the NCEP ATPIII definition. These modifications included the following: waist circumference cutoffs as >90 cm in men and >80 cm in women, BMI cutoff as >23 kg/m(2), and a measure of truncal subcutaneous fat (subscapular skinfold thickness [SST] >18 mm).The highest prevalence (29.9%) of MS was observed by the inclusion of modified cutoffs of waist circumference and BMI and SST in place of the existing cutoffs of waist circumference in the NCEP ATPIII criteria. Further, this modified definition showed the maximum absolute gain in the percentage of prevalence of MS over the NCEP ATPIII definition, and it was the best predictor for MS in subjects with impaired fasting glucose, type 2 diabetes, and different age-groups. The lowest percentage of prevalence of MS was observed with the definition that excluded biochemical variables and blood pressure.The criteria for defining MS in adult Asian Indians need revision. Inclusion of modified cutoffs of waist circumference and BMI and measures of truncal subcutaneous fat in the NCEP ATPIII definition requires further validation.
Recording, Retrieval and Review of Medical Data by Physician-Computer Interaction
Authors: Robert A. Greenes, G. Octo Barnett, Stuart W. Klein, Anthony Robbins, Roderick E. Prior
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Abstract A computer-based medical-record system depending on a dialogue between the physician and a computer-controlled display screen has been designed to enter progress notes. A limited vocabulary in a structured format is used. Flexibility is provided in that the user can branch selectively to particular topics, or make comments by keyboard or dictation. Notes entered into this system in a hypertension clinic have been more legible, better organized and more complete than those formerly recorded. Notes comparable in size to those written by hand have been generated more rapidly, and physician acceptance has been high. Automated production of summaries, selective review of a patient's problems and research retrieval capabilities are features of this system. Development of subject matter, physician training, administrative and technologic requirements, and economic factors must be considered when full-scale computer-based medical-record systems are designed.
Using Climate Conditions to Predict Meningitis Epidemics
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Urinary Deoxynivalenol Is Correlated with Cereal Intake in Individuals from the United Kingdom
Authors: Paul C. Turner, Joseph A. Rothwell, Kay L.M. White, YunYun Gong, Janet E. Cade, Christopher P. Wild
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundDeoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic fungal metabolite that frequently contaminates cereal crops. DON is toxic to animals, but the effects on humans are poorly understood, in part because exposure estimates are of limited precision.ObjectivesIn this study we used the U.K. adult National Diet and Nutrition Survey to compare 24-hr urinary DON excretion with cereal intake.MethodsOne hundred subjects were identified for each of the following cereal consumption groups: low (mean, 107 g cereal/day; range, 88–125), medium (mean, 179 g/day; range, 162–195) and high (mean, 300 g/day; range, 276–325). DON was analyzed in 24-hr urine samples by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry after purification on immunoaffinity columns.ResultsDON was detected in 296 of 300 (98.7%) urine samples. Cereal intake was significantly associated with urinary DON (p < 0.0005), with the geometric mean urinary levels being 6.55 μg DON/day [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.71–7.53]; 9.63 μg/day (95% CI, 8.39–11.05); and 13.24 μg/day (95% CI, 11.54–15.19) for low-, medium-, and high-intake groups, respectively. In multivariable analysis, wholemeal bread (p < 0.0005), white bread (p < 0.0005), "other" bread (p < 0.0005), buns/cakes (p = 0.003), high-fiber breakfast cereal (p = 0.016), and pasta (p = 0.017) were significantly associated with urinary DON. Wholemeal bread was associated with the greatest percent increase in urinary DON per unit of consumption, but white bread contributed approximately twice as much as wholemeal bread to the urinary DON levels because it was consumed in higher amounts.ConclusionThe majority of adults in the United Kingdom appear to be exposed to DON, and on the basis of the urinary levels, we estimate that some individuals may exceed the European Union (EU) recommended maximum tolerable daily intake of 1,000 ng DON/kg (bw). This exposure biomarker will be a valuable tool for biomonitoring as part of surveillance strategies and in etiologic studies of DON and human disease risk.
Cocaine Increases the Endothelial Release of Immunoreactive Endothelin and Its Concentrations in Human Plasma and Urine
Authors: Ute Wilbert-Lampen, Christian Seliger, Thomas Zilker, Rainer M. Arendt
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Cocaine-associated vascular events are not completely explained by adrenergic stimulation. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether vasoconstrictive endothelin-1 is released by cocaine and to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Methods and Results —Endothelin-1 was measured by radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (1) in the supernatant of porcine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with cocaine (10 −7 to 10 −4 mol/L) and a σ-receptor antagonist, haloperidol (10 −6 mol/L) or ditolylguanidine (10 −5 mol/L) and (2) in plasma and urine of 12 cocaine-intoxicated patients and 13 healthy control subjects. Radioligand binding assays were performed on endothelial membrane preparations. In cell culture, cocaine significantly increased endothelin accumulation above baseline at 3 to 24 hours; endothelin release rates per hour increased dose-dependently, reaching a plateau of 175±23% of control at hour 4 to 5. Coincubation of cocaine with haloperidol or ditolylguanidine abolished or reduced cocaine-induced endothelin release. Endothelial membrane preparations specifically and displaceably bound the highly selective σ-ligand [ 3 H]ditolylguanidine (25×10 −9 mol/L), with 1400 binding sites estimated per cell. Endothelin-1 levels in plasma (22.7±5.6 versus 7.3±0.8 pmol/L) and urine (41.5±10.1 versus 12.7±3.8 pmol/L) of cocaine-intoxicated patients were significantly increased compared with control values. Conclusions —The data suggest that cocaine increases the endothelin-1 release in vitro and in vivo. The cocaine-induced vasoconstriction/vasospasm may therefore be facilitated by the release of endothelin-1. Cocaine appears to be an exogenous stimulator at endothelial σ-receptors. The endogenous ligands of this antiopioid system may prove to play a role in vasospastic angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.
Abstract 1339: Upregulation of the glutathione detoxification pathway protects against cytotoxicity induced by the alkylating agent, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES)
Authors: Erika L. Abel, Elizabeth McIvor, Jennifer D. Bubel, Melissa S. Simper, Leslie Powell, Tammy Y. Fields, Michael Andreeff, Michael C. MacLeod, John DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Sulfur mustard (SM) is a vesicating agent that was first used in chemical warfare over 100 years ago. SM alkylates DNA and is mutagenic in various model systems. Epidemiological studies indicate that chronic exposure increases the risk of cancer in exposed tissues. Due to its incapacitating effects, and the relative ease with which it may be synthesized, mustard gas remains a potential chemical threat to the present day. Currently, there are no antidotes for SM-induced toxicity; therefore, chemopreventive and therapeutic measures are needed. Glutathione (GSH) exerts a protective effect against SM toxicity, and detoxification of SM is believed to occur, in part, via GSH conjugation. The rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis is catalyzed by the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) holoenzyme, which is composed of a catalytic and a regulatory subunit (GCLC and GCLM, respectively). Cancer chemopreventive agents are known to modulate expression of GCL and GSH S-transferases (GSTs) via activation of the transcription factor, Nrf2, and may, therefore, have utility in inhibiting SM-induced damage in the skin. We have screened 6 chemopreventive agents for ability to induce GSH synthesis and protect cultured NCTC2544 human keratinocytes against the SM analogue, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). We found that sulforaphane and methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me) stimulated nuclear localization of Nrf2 and induced expression of GCLM. Additionally, we found that treatment with CDDO-Me elevated reduced GSH content of NCTC2544 cells (118.0±11.6 nmol/mg protein versus 66.5±7.9 nmol/mg protein) and preserved their viability by ∼3-fold following exposure to CEES. CDDO-Me acted additively with 2,6-dithiopurine (DTP), a nucleophilic scavenging agent, to increase the viability of keratinocytes exposed to CEES by 6-fold (60% in cells treated with a combination of CDDO-Me and DTP vs 10% in cells treated with vehicle only). In vivo, topical application of either sulforaphane or CDDO-Me elevated epidermal GSH and GST levels in the skin of C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that CDDO-Me and sulforaphane are promising chemopreventive agents for SM toxicity in the skin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1339. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1339
Enzymatically Degraded, Nonoxidized LDL Induces Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Activation, Foam Cell Transformation, and Proliferation
Authors: Mariam Klouche, Stefan Rose-John, Walther Schmiedt, Sucharit Bhakdi
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Enzymatic, nonoxidative modification transforms LDL to an atherogenic molecule (E-LDL) that activates complement and macrophages and is present in early atherosclerotic lesions. Methods and Results —We report on the atherogenic effects of E-LDL on human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). E-LDL accumulated in these cells, and this was accompanied by selective induction of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the absence of effects on the expression of interleukin (IL)-8, RANTES, or monocyte inflammatory proteins-1α and -β). Furthermore, E-LDL stimulated the expression of gp130, the signal-transducing chain of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) family, and the secretion of IL-6. E-LDL invoked mitogenic effects on SMC through 2 mechanisms. First, an autocrine mitogenic circuit involving platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-β was induced. Second, upregulation of gp130 rendered SMC sensitive to transsignaling through the IL-6/sIL-6R activation pathway. Because E-LDL promoted release of both IL-6 and sIL-6R from macrophages, application of macrophage cell supernatants to prestimulated SMC provoked a pronounced and sustained proliferation of the cells. Conclusions —E-LDL can invoke alterations in SMC that are characteristic of the evolving atherosclerotic lesion.
Status of Research Funding by the American Diabetes Association—5th and Final Year
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The results of the 5th and final year, Fiscal Year 2003, are included in Table 1.We obviously did not come close to realizing this ambitious goal.In my 1998 Presidential Address, I compared the ADA to a large ship in which a new course first required a change of direction (which would occur slowly) before proceeding toward and hopefully reaching a new port.It's obvious that we have not reached that port, and realistically speaking, we probably never will.However, I would be remiss if I didn't point out the following.In each of the previous years, the increase in funding for Research Awards and Grants was much less than
Al Capone, discrete morphs, and complex dynamic systems
Authors: Douglas T. Kenrick, Stephanie Brown
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract We consider four mechanisms by which apparent discontinuities in the distribution of antisociality could arise: (1) executive genes or hormonal systems, (2) multiplicative interactions of predisposing factors, (3) environmental tracking into a limited number of social roles, and (4) cross-generational gene—environment interactions. A more explicit consideration of complex self-organizing dynamic systems may help us understand the maintenance of antisocial subpopulations.
New strategies for increasing the detection of HIV: analysis of routine data
Authors: J. Read
Journal: BMJ (2003)

ConclusionsThe finding that death rates in young offenders exceed those in groups with even higher rates of psychiatric and behavioural disorders indicates that social disadvantage and marginalisation of this group may have played an additional part in many of the deaths.The findings have important implications for social policies for young offenders.On one hand the high rates of deaths due to drug overdose and suicide indicate a need for a better response to prevalent problems of drug misuse and psychiatric disorder.On the other hand, we also need to develop strategies effective in the social reintegration of young offenders.Health practitioners are likely to have an essential role in the implementation of such responses.
Duodenogastric reflux and pyloric surgery.
Authors: J O Kilby
Journal: BMJ (1972)

piss pills"-most commonly frusemide without potassium supplements.The diuretics may be taken only before the weigh-in, or ingested regularly.Those who do the latter complain of the decrease in efficacy which is a natural consequence of potassium depletion.Purgation is often practised on the morning of the race with potassium depletion consequent upon its effects.Although hyperkalaemia is more dan- gerous any change in the potassium status of the individual may change his E.C.G. and those doctors who have jockeys as patients should be aware of the incidence of self-medication.-Iam, etc.,
Mass X-ray Screening
Authors: Stephen Barrett
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We note with interest the growing outcry against mass X-ray film screening. Authorities are concluding that the potential benefit does not warrant the risk of radiation damage. Most analyses of this subject (220:278, 1972) contain a curious, but significant, omission. They do not consider the widely used chiropractic "spinograph." This 14×36 x-ray film of the entire spine is taken routinely by most chiropractors. Depending on technical factors, radiation to the gonads from this procedure is 10 to 1,000 times as great as that from a routine x-ray film of the chest. This procedure should be made illegal. Considering that the spinograph yields little or no diagnostic information, it is remarkable how little publicity its dangers have received.
THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.
Authors: EMIL MAYER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

While affections of the pneumatic sinuses of the skull have been recognized many years, it is only within the last 15 or 20 years that a fuller knowledge of their occurrence and their attendant treatment has become generally known, so that in mentioning the most important recent advances in rhinology the general consensus of opinion will be that diseases of the accessory sinuses, their diagnosis and treatment are the ones to be so considered. Since those interested in special fields of rhinology have studied the question from every viewpoint, and voluminous essays have been presented which the general practician hardly finds time to read, a brief résumé of the advances made in this line may not be amiss. The accessory sinuses of the nose, four in number, are the frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal and maxillary. These vary in size in different individuals, and anomalous conditions arise where there may be but
Stimulation of human hematopoietic colony formation by recombinant gibbon multi-colony-stimulating factor or interleukin 3.
Authors: C A Sieff, C M Niemeyer, D G Nathan, S C Ekern, F R Bieber, Y C Yang, G Wong, S C Clark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Recently, the gene for a novel mammalian hematopoietic growth factor homologous to murine interleukin 3 was isolated from a gibbon T cell line and expressed in monkey COS cells. The factor, termed multi-colony stimulating factor (multi-CSF) or interleukin 3, is stimulatory to human target cells. We investigated the range of enriched human bone marrow and fetal liver hematopoietic progenitors responsive to multi-CSF; compared the colony types observed with those obtained in the presence of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF); and analyzed the effects on colony formation of combining multi-CSF with GM-CSF or granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF). The results show that multi-CSF acts as a multipoietin. Alone it stimulates the formation of colonies derived from granulocyte, macrophage, eosinophil, and megakaryocyte progenitors. In combination with erythropoietin it supports the development of both erythroid and mixed colonies. Furthermore, the data show that multi-CSF is a more potent stimulus of erythroid progenitors than GM-CSF. In combination with G-CSF multi-CSF substantially increases granulocyte colony number over the number obtained with each factor alone. We conclude that multi-CSF may prove to have important therapeutic potential in vivo as a stimulus for hematopoiesis.
A sub-population of high proliferative potential-quiescent human mesenchymal stem cells is under the reversible control of interferon α/β
Authors: A Hatzfeld, P Eid, I Peiffer, M L Li, R Barbet, R A J Oostendorp, V Haydont, M-N Monier, L Milon, N Fortunel, P Charbord, M Tovey, J Hatzfeld
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Thyroid function and interferon treatment in chronic hepatitis C.
Authors: A Picciotto, G Varagona, P Cianciosi, R Franceschini, A Garibaldi, G Celle
Journal: Gut (1993)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Regulatory bodies requires evaluation of bioaccumulation of chemicals within organisms with the objective to better assess risks linked to the toxicity of active substances. To this end, toxicokinetic (TK) data are particularly useful to relate the chemical exposure concentration to the accumulation and depuration processes happening within organisms. The bioaccumulative property of substances is quantified by bioaccumulation metrics obtained by fitting TK models to data collected from bioaccumulation tests. The internal concentrations of the studied substances are measured within organisms at regular time points during both accumulation and depuration phases, and their time course is captured by TK models thus providing bioaccumulation metrics. Still today, raw TK data remain difficult to access, as most of the time provided within papers in plots only. To increase accessibility to TK data, we present in this paper a wide collection of raw data sets extracted from the scientific literature in support of TK modelling to be performed with the MOSAIC<sub>bioacc</sub> web application (https://mosaic.univ-lyon1.fr/bioacc/).
FATTY HEART WITH BRADYCARDIA, WITH A REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: CHARLES J. WHALEN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

and two and one-half inches, estimated by separating the index from the middle finger at the inlet and then measuring this separation by the tape after the hand was withdrawn.In conclusion, we may say that this case not only illustrates the value of symphysiotomy when the pelvic canal is obstructed by a tumor, but also that even wide separation of the symphysis is not necessarily followed by any after-effects; that the patient need not be kept in the dorsal decubitus, and that many-tailed linen crash bandages are all that are necessary to keep the joint in apposition.Further, as stated in my previous article, this operation can be as successfully performed in a private house as in a hospital.I wish to here add that in the "Transactions of the Colorado State Medical Society" for 1896, can be found two cases of symphysiotomy reported by me and that I have subsequently delivered the first of these two patients successfully by means of a very easy high forceps extraction.
Special Commentary: Supporting Innovation for Safe and Effective Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Joseph Caprioli, Julie H Kim, David S Friedman, Tina Kiang, Marlene R Moster, Richard K Parrish, Eva M Rorer, Thomas Samuelson, Michelle E Tarver, Kuldev Singh, Malvina B Eydelman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)