tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Textbook of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Joseph W. Walike
Journal: JAMA (1990)

It is commendable that authors from time to time attempt to distill the body of knowledge of a specialty in a single textbook, the old and traditional along with the new and experimental. This is a huge task, and not only does it help practicing physicians, but it sets the standard for current information so that future authors will have a reference when they attempt new textbooks.  This single volume is intended for practicing otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons, as well as senior residents and fellows and serious medical students and junior residents. It covers the traditional areas of otolaryngology, which include otology, neurotology, oncology, radiobiology, plastic surgery of the head and neck, oral surgery, and allergy in the upper respiratory tract. New topics, such as sleep apnea, lasers, an update of immunology, and interferon and cancer chemotherapy, have been included.  Because of its size and multiple authorship, one
MAJOR BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH STEMI ACCOUNT FOR A DOUBLING IN HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: LESSONS FROM THE EURO HEART SURVEY ACS REGISTRY
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Frank Towae, Ralf Zahn, Huo Katus, Marek Gierlotka, Wojtek Wojakowski, Michal Tendera, Francois Schiele, Jean-Pierre Bassand, None Euro Heart Survey ACS Registry, None Institut f. Herzinfarktforschung Ludwigshafen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Are inequalities in height underestimated by adult social position? Effects of changing social structure and height selection in a cohort study
Authors: C. Power
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Protein <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic, nutrient-sensitive mono-glycosylation deposited on numerous nucleo-cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins, including transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, and histones. However, the role of protein <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation on epigenome regulation in response to nutrient perturbations during development is not well understood. Herein we recapitulated early human embryonic neurogenesis in cell culture and found that pharmacological up-regulation of <i>O</i>-GlcNAc levels during human embryonic stem cells' neuronal differentiation leads to up-regulation of key neurogenic transcription factor genes. This transcriptional de-repression is associated with reduced H3K27me3 and increased H3K4me3 levels on the promoters of these genes, perturbing promoter bivalency possibly through increased EZH2-Thr311 phosphorylation. Elevated <i>O</i>-GlcNAc levels also lead to increased Pol II-Ser5 phosphorylation and affect H2BS112<i>O</i>-GlcNAc and H2BK120Ub1 on promoters. Using an in vivo rat model of maternal hyperglycemia, we show similarly elevated <i>O</i>-GlcNAc levels and epigenetic dysregulations in the developing embryo brains because of hyperglycemia, whereas pharmacological inhibition of <i>O</i>-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) restored these molecular changes. Together, our results demonstrate <i>O</i>-GlcNAc mediated sensitivity of chromatin to nutrient status, and indicate how metabolic perturbations could affect gene expression during neurodevelopment.
Bernard (“Bernie”) John O'Brien
Authors: Martin Buxton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Epidemiologist who discovered the Lassa fever virus-and nearly died from it Jordi Casals-Ariet, an epidemiologist and virologist, was hailed by scientists around the world when he discovered the virus that causes Lassa fever.He was nearly killed by the disease in 1969 while working with the virus in his Yale laboratory.In a high-stakes gamble and with no known treatment, his doctors decided to transfuse him with blood from a nurse who had survived Lassa fever.The blood saved his life.But colleagues say that Dr Casals' contributions are far greater than his discovery of the Lassa fever virus."He did a yeoman's work in establishing useful methods of classifying viruses," said Dr Gregory Tignor, professor emeritus at Yale, who worked with Dr Casals.Little was known about many viruses when Dr Casals started his work at Yale. "Everybody has forgotten how bad it was back then," said Dr Tignor."People didn't know what was causing encephalitis.We had no way of telling the difference between rabies encephalitis, polio encephalitis, or other causes of encephalitis.But Jordi found ways, using antigens and antibodies, to figure it out.His work was so meticulous that to this day nobody has changed his classifications because they have all held up."
Respiratory Symptoms in Children and Indoor Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide and Gas Stoves
Authors: MARIA H. GARRETT, MARTIN A. HOOPER, BEVERLEY M. HOOPER, MICHAEL J. ABRAMSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Nitrogen dioxide levels were measured in 80 homes in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia, using passive samplers. Some 148 children between 7 and 14 yr of age were recruited as study participants, 53 of whom had asthma. Health outcomes for the children were studied using a respiratory questionnaire, skin prick tests, and peak flow measurements. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations were low, with an indoor median of 11.6 μ g/m3 (6.0 ppb), and a maximum of 246 μ g/m3 (128 ppb). Respiratory symptoms were more common in children exposed to a gas stove (odds ratio 2.3 [95% CI 1.0–5.2], adjusted for parental allergy, parental asthma, and sex). Nitrogen dioxide exposure was a marginal risk factor for respiratory symptoms, with a dose–response association present (p = 0.09). Gas stove exposure was a significant risk factor for respiratory symptoms even after adjusting for nitrogen dioxide levels (odds ratio 2.2 [1.0–4.8]), suggesting an additional risk apart from the average nitrogen dioxide exposure associated with gas stove use. Atopic children tended to have a greater risk of respiratory symptoms compared with nonatopic children with exposure to gas stoves or nitrogen dioxide, but the difference was not significant.
Electrical Stimulation and Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: J. A. Fowler
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

<h3>Background</h3> Identifying who is injured within a geographic region, by what mechanism, is essential for injury prevention (IP). Our objective was to define the injury and spatial epidemiology of severe adult traumas to prioritise and target initiatives. <h3>Methods</h3> Epidemiologic profiles were generated for severely injured (ISS&gt;12) adult (≥18 years) patients treated at Lead Trauma Hospitals (LTH) in Southwestern Ontario, 2004–2009. Sub-analysis was undertaken by age groups (18–24; 25–64; 65+ years). Injury cases were mapped by patient residence and place of injury to examine spatial relationships. <h3>Results</h3> LTHs resuscitated 2804 severely injured adults (15% young adult, 55% adult, 30% senior; 72% male). Patient residences were dispersed throughout SWO, with clusters in cities and lower-income areas. MVCs accounted for 61% and 46% of injuries among young adults and adults, respectively. Only 60% of injured-occupants wore a seatbelt; 24% of drivers had a BAC above the legal limit. MVCs were overly concentrated on high-density urban areas with highly mixed land uses. Alcohol was involved with nearly one-third of non-senior severe injury (48% of assaults; 34% of crashes). Falls were the leading injury mechanism for seniors (68%); 67% occurred at home. Only 6% of patients were injured at work, half involved falls. Mortality was 15%, with 42% fall-related deaths. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Integrating injury epidemiology with geographic data on patients daily surroundings allowed for the identification of socio-spatial variations in injury patterns among vulnerable groups. This approach identified MVCs, falls and alcohol use as IP priorities to be targeted to the populations and regions of greatest need.
Atopic dermatitis: A practice parameter update 2012
Authors: Lynda Schneider, Stephen Tilles, Peter Lio, Mark Boguniewicz, Lisa Beck, Jennifer LeBovidge, Natalija Novak, David Bernstein, Joann Blessing-Moore, David Khan, David Lang, Richard Nicklas, John Oppenheimer, Jay Portnoy, Christopher Randolph, Diane Schuller, Sheldon Spector, Stephen Tilles, Dana Wallace
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Deviance in Fetal Growth and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kathryn M. Abel, Christina Dalman, Anna C. Svensson, Ezra Susser, Henrik Dal, Selma Idring, Roger T. Webb, Dheeraj Rai, Cecilia Magnusson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Understanding the relationship between fetal growth and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is likely to advance the search for genetic and nongenetic causes of ASD. The authors explored the associations between fetal growth, gestational age, and ASD with and without comorbid intellectual disability in a Scandinavian study population.The authors conducted a matched nested case-control study within the Stockholm Youth Cohort that included all children ages 0-17 who resided in Stockholm County from 2001 to 2007 (N=589,114). The authors identified 4,283 children with ASD: 1,755 with intellectual disability and 2,528 without, and they selected 36,588 age- and sex-matched comparison subjects. ASD case subjects were ascertained from unique identifiers assigned to all Swedish residents and linkage with official registers covering all pathways of assessment or care of ASD in Stockholm County. The authors calculated z scores of deviance in fetal growth from a reference curve using records from the national Swedish Medical Birth Registry, which included ultrasound dating of gestational age as well as birth weight. Crude and adjusted odds ratios for ASD, ASD with intellectual disability, and ASD without intellectual disability were the main outcome measures.ASD risk increased with fetal growth 1.50 standard deviations below and >2.00 standard deviations above the mean for gestational age; the greatest risk was for fetal growth that was less than 2.00 standard deviations below the mean (adjusted odds ratio=1.70; 95% CI=1.44-2.01) or greater than 2.00 standard deviations above the mean (adjusted odds ratio=1.50; 95% CI=1.27-1.77). The same overall pattern was observed for ASD with and without intellectual disabilities. However, poor fetal growth (i.e., growth below the mean) was more strongly associated with ASD with intellectual disabilities than without. Regardless of fetal growth, preterm birth increased ASD risk.Deviance in fetal growth at either distributional extreme may be a significant antecedent to the development of ASD through genetic and/or nongenetic mechanisms.
Serial Changes of Intestinal Contents in Strangulation Obstruction
Authors: George H. Bornside, Carlton F. Dresden, C. Edward Floyd, Isidore Cohn
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IDENTIFICATIONs of bacterial origin elaborated in strangulation intestinal obstruction has been a major project of this laboratory.<sup>1</sup>Clostridial exotoxins have been implicated as lethal agents in experimental studies with rabbits,<sup>2</sup>guinea pigs (unpublished data), rats,<sup>3</sup>and pups.<sup>3</sup>Other investigators have implicated bacterial endotoxins<sup>4</sup>and viable bacteria<sup>5</sup>as the toxic agents. Terminal peritoneal fluid and loop contents have been the specimens usually examined for toxicity. The bacterial population of peritoneal fluid aspirated at intervals from the same dog has been shown to remain low until 12 to 18 hr after surgery, when the phase of logarithmic growth was achieved by the endogenous intestinal bacteria.<sup>6</sup>In the work reported here groups of dogs were sacrificed at specified times after strangulation to obtain the contents of isolated closed loops. <h3>Methods</h3> The intestines of 28 dogs were divided at a site three fourths of the distance
Influenza Vaccination Programs for Elderly Persons: Cost-Effectiveness in a Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: John P. Mullooly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness and net medical care costs of programs for annual influenza vaccinations for the elderly in a health maintenance organization (HMO). Design: Population-based, case–control study. Setting: The Northwest Region of Kaiser Permanente, a prepaid group practice HMO in Portland, Oregon. Participants: Kaiser Permanente members 65 years of age and older who had at least 1 month of HMO eligibility during any of nine influenza seasons in the 1980s. Measurements: The HMO's costs for providing medical care and conducting vaccination programs were estimated using accounting data. Results: 32% of high-risk elderly persons and 22% of non–high-risk elderly persons received influenza vaccinations. Aggregate vaccine effectiveness in preventing pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations was 30% (95% CI, 17% to 42%) for high-risk and 40% (CI, 1% to 64%) for non–high-risk elderly persons. The net savings to the HMO per vaccination was $6.11 for high-risk elderly persons and $1.10 for all elderly persons. The HMO incurred a net cost of $4.82 per vaccination for non–high-risk elderly persons. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination rates in this HMO were relatively low for high-risk elderly persons. The medical care costs saved by preventing pneumonia and influenza through vaccination of high-risk elderly persons provide a compelling rationale to increase compliance with recommendations for annual influenza vaccination. Indirect benefits, such as prevention of suffering, incapacity, and lost wages, are likely to compensate for the small net cost of vaccinating non–high-risk elderly persons.
RENAL PLASMA FLOW AND SODIUM REABSORPTION AND EXCRETION IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE 1
Authors: Reuben Mokotoff, George Ross, Louis Leiter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)

Warren and Stead's (1) contention that dis- turbed renal function secondary to a diminished cardiac output is responsible for the following series of events-salt and water retention, in- creased blood and extracellular fluid volume, rise in venous pressure, edema-seemed to offer a rational explanation for some of the clinically observed phenomena.We therefore initiated a series of studies on patients with chronic con- gestive heart failure, using the clearance tech- niques of Smith and associates (2), in order to evaluate the relationship between the decreased sodium excretion in heart failure (3, 4) and renal blood flow, to determine the nature of the disturbance in renal function and the relationship, if any, between the altered renal dynamics and so- dium retention.We later attempted to define some of the variables involved in the tubular trans- fer system for sodium as it obtains in the normal and in the cardiac patient.Since our studies be- gan, Merrill (5) reported that the renal plasma flow was reduced to as little as 20 per cent and the filtration rate to 33 per cent of normal in chronic
Reinventing Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Roger H. Unger
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An unfinished trip through uncertainties
Authors: Alessandro Liberati
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In mid-1997 I went for blood and other tests after an episode of back pain. A monoclonal electrophoretic peak and a spinal lesion of uncertain origin were found. After a few months of further tests I was given a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS). I was no longer a subjectively healthy man but a potentially ill person, with considerable anxiety. MGUS is one of those strange noso-logical entities of modern medicine—which is so good at creating “new diseases” without necessarily knowing how to cure them. The medical literature didn't help much. Several small studies reported a cumulative risk of malignant transformation of MGUSs of between 7% and 19%, with the likeliest estimate of annual risk of transformation around 1%, but without clear predictors.

> Could a second transplant improve results? 

I was prescribed blood tests every six months to monitor any such transformation. The years went by, during which my levels of anxiety varied, increasing at times of testing and whenever any personal or work …
Regulation of herbal drugs: a pragmatic public health approach?
Authors: A. R. Cox
Journal: BMJ (2014)

McCartney’s view that the regulation of herbal products leads to the potential for non-evidence based herbal preparations being given a cloak of scientific credibility ignores the counter-argument that such regulation is an important public health measure.1

Increasing concerns about the safety of herbal drugs, including cases of serious renal toxicity …
Premedication and Anesthesia in Obstetrics
Authors: Bert B. Hershenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE first recorded obstetric operation under anesthesia in the Americas was performed by Dr. Walter Channing on May 5, 1847, at the Boston Lying-in Hospital. He wrote of his book, which was published in 18481 and which has become a classic, that "it treats of a noble subject, the remedy of pain" in childbirth. Today, a century later, this subject is still well deserving of consideration.At the Boston Lying-in Hospital, there has been an evolution through various developmental phases of the subject. The keynote has always been the practice of safe relief of pain, permitting the obstetrician to carry . . .
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Hypothyroidism
Authors: KRISHNAN R. RAJAGOPAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

To determine the incidence and frequency of sleep apnea in persons with hypothyroidism, 11 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed disease were studied before and during thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Nine patients had episodes of apnea, with the number of episodes per hour of sleep ranging from 17 to 176 (mean, 71.8). Six of the nine patients were obese and had 99.5 episodes per hour compared with 16.3 episodes per hour in the 3 nonobese patients (p < 0.02). After 3 to 12 months of thyroxine replacement therapy, mean apnea frequency decreased from 71.8 ± 18.0 (SE) to 12.7 ± 6.1 episodes per hour, without reduction in body weight. There were fewer changes in sleep stage per hour during treatment (22.1 ± 4.9) than pretreatment (57.6 ± 14.5). Carbon dioxide response tests done under non-loaded and flow-resistive loaded conditions before and during thyroxine replacement therapy showed increases in the loaded respiratory effort and ventilation during thyroxine treatment. Sleep apnea episodes are common in persons with untreated hypothyroidism, even with normal lung function. Thyroxine replacement therapy decreases apnea frequency, even without change in body weight.
The Effects of Thiazides Plus Calcium Channel Blockers
Authors: Francesco P. Cappuccio
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In our view the article by Burris and coworkers<sup>1</sup>adds to the confusion surrounding the merits of adding a thiazide diuretic to a calcium antagonist. Despite the study being large and well designed, there are three major problems with the interpretation of the results that have not been addressed by the authors. First, all of the current calcium antagonists have peak and trough effects. It is therefore vital that, in studies where potentially additive combinations are being looked at, the timing of the blood pressure measurement following the last dose is carefully controlled and stated in the article. The efficacy of the calcium antagonists either alone or in combination will depend on when the blood pressure was measured. In the article Burris et al state that the blood pressure was measured 12 ± 2 hours after a dose: assuming that this is an SD, blood pressure
Developmentally regulated association of a 56-kD member of the surface immunoglobulin M receptor complex.
Authors: A J Yellen-Shaw, J G Monroe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Immature and mature B cells differ in the signals generated and transduced through their antigen receptor, surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM). Whereas signals generated through sIgM on mature B cells initiate a program leading to the positive activation of these cells, signaling through this receptor at the immature stage of development leads to a state of induced unresponsiveness or tolerance. Our previous studies have described developmental differences in sIgM transmembrane signaling that are independent of ligand-receptor affinity. In an attempt to understand the molecular basis for signaling differences between immature and mature B cells, we have analyzed the sIgM receptor complex in neonatal and adult mouse splenic B cells. While previously described components of this complex do not exhibit marked developmentally regulated differences in their association with sIgM, we have identified a 56-kD protein that associates with sIgM in mature (antigen-responsive), but not immature (tolerance-sensitive) B cells. This protein (p56) associates with sIgM as a homodimer, is constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine, and is coimmunoprecipitated with IgM but not IgD. The observed inability to iodinate p56 suggests it is an intracellular component of the receptor complex. Based upon its migration in one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis we show, however, that p56 is distinct from the blk, lyn, or fyn src family kinases that have been shown to be associated with sIgM in mature B cells. The developmentally regulated participation of p56 in the B cell antigen receptor complex suggests a role in the differential signaling mediated via sIgM on immature and mature B cells.
Efficacy and Safety of Lidocaine–Prilocaine Cream for Pain during Circumcision
Authors: Anna Taddio, Bonnie Stevens, Kenneth Craig, Pratap Rastogi, Shlomit Ben-David, Andrew Shennan, Peggy Mulligan, Gideon Koren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Neonatal circumcision is a painful surgical procedure often performed without analgesia. We assessed the efficacy and safety of 5 percent lidocaine–prilocaine cream (Emla) in neonates undergoing circumcision.
Immune-cancer interactions in tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes: Novel prognostic indicators for breast cancer
Authors: James Mansfield, Peter Lee
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts It is becoming clear that immune cells play many important but sometimes conflicting roles in cancer. Immune profile changes at sites of immune-cancer interactions, such as the tumor microenvironment and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), may represent a sensitive predictor of