tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drugs in sport
Authors: D Robinson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

This is the second edition of a substantial multiauthored work of more than 700 pages from the American Diabetic Association published in 2002.It aims to provide a practical yet comprehensive guide to diabetes and exercise for clinical health professionals.Let me say from the outset that this edition predominantly achieves this aim.This ''new'' 2002 edition was prompted by the increasing scientific support for the role of exercise, diet, and weight loss in treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications.Of interest is the evidence that exercise induced weight loss may be more beneficial than diet induced weight loss via its effects on insulin sensitivity and loss of abdominal fat.The information in this book is comprehensive, with consideration of the effects of exercise on diabetes in gestational diabetes, the aged, children and adolescents, patients with disabilities, patients using insulin pumps, patients with diabetic complications, and those on various medication schedules.In amongst extensive biochemical and physiological data, the basic premises of interventions are emphasised.Very clear management protocols are provided for both type 1 and type 2 diabetics.There is a practical discussion of pre-participation screening of diabetics who wish to start an exercise programme (chapter 13) with sensible and cost effective guidelines and screening proformas, and a list of contraindications to exercise.Most chapters start with highlight points and end with an extensive reference section.Disappointingly, the area of nutritional strategies for physical activity and to optimise performance lacks practical detail to assist in advice to athletes.The discussion of insulin dose adjustments does not address the issues of ''humanised'' insulin and some of the problems associated with their introduction.The publication date of 2002 precludes many of the more recent research findings for diabetes.However, these deficiencies are minor for a reference full of relevant information.Any professional working in exercise and sports medicine who deals regularly with diabetics would benefit from reading this book.I wish I had had access to it when studying for my fellowship.
Placental ferritin in coeliac disease: relation to clinical stage, origin, and possible role in the pathogenesis of malignancy.
Authors: G Dinari, I Zahavi, H Marcus, C Moroz
Journal: Gut (1991)

Placental ferritin is a tumour associated antigen present in the serum of patients with active Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the serum values fall during remission of the disease. There is no correlation between placental and total blood ferritin values. Because of the strong association between coeliac disease and lymphoma, 19 children with active and 25 with inactive coeliac disease were screened for the presence of placental ferritin. Thirty two children with other intestinal disorders served as controls. Placental ferritin was identified by using a monoclonal antibody in an ELISA procedure. The mean (SEM) placental ferritin value in the control serum was 12.6 (2.4) while the values in serum of patients with active and inactive coeliac disease were 117 (22.8) and 43.8 (10.2) U/ml respectively. Patients with active coeliac disease differed significantly from both control subjects (p = 0.0004) and those with inactive disease (p = 0.03). Peripheral blood lymphocytes contained no placental ferritin. It was present, however, in lamina propria lymphocytes of intestinal biopsy specimens from active coeliacs. Placental ferritin was also found in some of the better differentiated malignant cells in two patients with adult onset enteropathy associated lymphoma. Placental ferritin is known to have an immunosuppressive effect, and this may be one of the necessary steps in the development of malignancy associated with coeliac disease. Gluten free diet, by reversing this state, may have a role in the prevention of lymphoma.
"MAINTAINING LENGTH AND POSITION IN TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTURES"
Authors: H. C. Masland
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, November 1, is a paper with this title by Orr and Thomson, that was read before the Section on Orthopedic Surgery. It advocates and illustrates the correction of deformity in compound fractures by traction through the os calcis. This proposition seemed to have the approval of those who entered into the discussion. Such a presentation should not go to the profession at large without a challenge. The effect of such traction is to bend the foot first and then, when the ankle joint ligaments prevent further flexure, to transmit the power to the tibia and fibula at an angle. Should the ankle joint be immobilized in plaster of Paris, then the power is transmitted directly to the shafts of the leg bones at an angle. The inevitable result is a tilting of the lower fragments posteriorly to the upper. Only in those fractures in
Increased levels of serum IgE in children of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: K. Sasai, S. Furukawa, H. Hashimoto, K. Yabuta
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Various allergic diseases have been described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the present study, we evaluated the prevalence of allergic disease and serum IgE levels in 36 children of 26 mothers with SLE. None of the subjects had any rheumatic symptoms. There was at least one type of allergic disease in 28 (78%) of the 36 children of mothers with SLE, as compared with 30% in Japanese control children ( P &lt;0.01). The prevalence of atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma was higher in children of mothers with SLE (64% and 28%) than in controls (19% and 9%) ( P &lt;0.01, respectively). Fourteen of the 36 subjects (39%) had higher levels of serum IgE than those of normal range for age‐matched healthy Japanese children with no atopic family disease in the immediate family history, and these children had atopic disease. Among the 14 children with high serum‐IgE levels, seven had neither immediate nor remote family history of atopic disease, while the others had an immediate family history of atopic disease. We think that genetic factors may influence the presence of allergic disease in children of mothers with SLE, and that the increased serum IgE levels in children of SLE mothers with no allergic family history may be a part of subclinical immunologic abnormalities related to SLE.
Effect of Prevention Strategies on Survival and Quality-Adjusted Survival of Women With <i>BRCA1/2</i> Mutations: An Updated Decision Analysis
Authors: Victor R. Grann, Judith S. Jacobson, Dustin Thomason, Dawn Hershman, Daniel F. Heitjan, Alfred I. Neugut
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: This study updates findings regarding the effects of prophylactic surgery, chemoprevention, and surveillance on the survival and quality-adjusted survival of women who test positive for BRCA1/2 mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Markov modeling of outcomes was performed in a simulated cohort of 30-year-old women who tested positive for BRCA1/2 mutations. The model incorporated breast and ovarian cancer incidence rates from the literature and mortality rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Quality adjustment of survival estimates were obtained from a survey of women aged 33 to 50 years. Sensitivity analyses were performed of varied assumptions regarding timing and effects of preventive measures on cancer incidence and adverse effects. RESULTS: A 30-year-old woman could prolong her survival beyond that associated with surveillance alone by use of preventive measures: 1.8 years with tamoxifen, 2.6 years with prophylactic oophorectomy, 4.6 years with both tamoxifen and prophylactic oophorectomy, 3.5 years with prophylactic mastectomy, and 4.9 years with both surgeries. She could prolong her quality-adjusted survival by 2.8 years with tamoxifen, 4.4 years with prophylactic oophorectomy, 6.3 years with tamoxifen and oophorectomy, and 2.6 years with mastectomy, or with both surgeries. The benefits of all of these strategies would decrease if they were initiated at later ages. CONCLUSION: Women who test positive for BRCA1/2 mutations may derive greater survival and quality adjusted survival benefits than previously reported from chemoprevention, prophylactic surgery, or a combination. Observational studies and clinical trials are needed to verify the results of this analysis of the long-term benefits of preventive strategies among BRCA1/2-positive women.
Risk Factors for Nephrotoxicity in Patients Treated with Aminoglycosides
Authors: R D Moore, C R Smith, J J Lipsky, E D Mellits, P S Lietman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Risk factors for nephrotoxicity in patients treated with aminoglycosides were determined from the case records of 214 patients in two prospective, randomized clinical trials of gentamicin and tobramycin. Nephrotoxicity, defined as a 50% or greater fall in calculated creatinine clearance, developed in 30 patients (14.1%). Patients with nephrotoxicity had higher initial calculated creatinine clearances, were more often women, and were more likely to have liver disease. Using stepwise discriminant analysis, these factors were selected with the initial 1-hour post-dose aminoglycoside level, patient age, and shock. An equation was generated that was accurate in discriminating between patients with and without nephrotoxicity when validated in an independent population. Factors that did not add significantly to the equation were diabetes, dehydration, serum bicarbonate, bacteremia, urinary tract infection, gentamicin or tobramycin use, duration of therapy, total aminoglycoside dose, or the use of clindamycin, furosemide, or cephalothin.
On the public nature of communication
Authors: David A. Leavens
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Comparative and developmental psychology are engaged in a search for the evolutionary and developmental origins of the perceptions of “intentions” and “desires,” and of epistemic states such as “ignorance” and “false belief.” Shanker &amp; King (S&amp;K) remind us that these are merely words to describe public events: All organisms that can discriminate states of “knowledge” in others have learned to do this through observation of publicly available information.
Spurious elevation of aspartate aminotransferase in a patient on isotretinoin
Authors: Emily K. Duffy, Christina B. Bales, Dean C. Carlow, James R. Treat
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)

To the Editor: Approximately 11% of patients on isotretinoin develop a mild reversible transaminitis.1 We report a case of spurious elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) during treatment for acne.
Screening with low-dose computed tomography reduced lung cancer mortality in high-risk patients
Authors: Cary P. Gross
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club15 November 2011Screening with low-dose computed tomography reduced lung cancer mortality in high-risk patientsCary P. Gross, MDCary P. Gross, MDYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (C.P.G.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-10-201111150-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationThe National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:395-409. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21714641Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Pulmonology: References1 Marcus PM, Bergstralh EJ, Fagerstrom RM, et al. Lung cancer mortality in the Mayo Lung Project: impact of extended follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:1308-16. [PMID: 10944552] Google Scholar2 Nelson HD, Tyne K, Naik A, et al; US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for breast cancer: an update for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:727-37, W237-42. [PMID: 19920273] Google Scholar3 Atkin WS, Edwards R, Kralj-Hans I, et al; UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Trial Investigators. Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375:1624-33. [PMID: 20430429] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (C.P.G.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 November 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPlasma Next Generation Sequencing and Droplet Digital-qPCR-Based Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free RNA for Noninvasive Early Detection of CancerTop Questions in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis 15 November 2011Volume 155, Issue 10Page: JC5-6KeywordsCancer screeningComputed axial tomographyDiagnostic radiologyLung and intrathoracic tumorsLung cancer screeningRadiation exposureThoraxWeight loss ePublished: 15 November 2011 Issue Published: 15 November 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Constitutively activated Notch signaling is involved in survival and apoptosis resistance of B-CLL cells
Authors: Emanuela Rosati, Rita Sabatini, Giuliana Rampino, Antonio Tabilio, Mauro Di Ianni, Katia Fettucciari, Andrea Bartoli, Stefano Coaccioli, Isabella Screpanti, Pierfrancesco Marconi
Journal: Blood (2008)
Abstract 234: Snapshot of MAP kinase and related signal transduction pathways from biopsied cells using a novel non-optical assay technology - a proof of concept study
Authors: W. Matthew Dickerson, Edward M. Alderman, Lee Ann Beausang, Kristen Leong, Ashley Saab
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Aberrant activity of the MAP and PI3 kinases is implicated in many forms of cancer. The ability to gather quantifiable information on the activation-state of these kinases from limited in-vitro and in-vivo tumor samples would accelerate drug development and ultimately, the treatment of cancer. Here non-optical, AMMP (acoustic membrane microparticle) technology is used to quantitate the activity state of multiple kinases including EGFR, c-RAF, MEK, ERK, AKT, p38 and JNK in a single assay plate. Lysates from multiple unstimulated tumor cell lines were compared with those from the same cell lines specifically stimulated with ligands to several well-known surface receptors for expressed changes in their phosphorylation states. The data show that the AMMP assay technology can be used to monitor the MAP Kinase pathway activation from EGFR stimulation through ERK phosphorylation following EGF stimulation. Additionally, the activation states of PI3 kinase, p38 and JNK were determined from the same lysate samples. Subsequently, assays were developed to monitor kinase dimerization (e.g., MEK-ERK) by rearranging the pairing of antibodies from the kinase activity assays described above. Using fewer than 2000 cells per assessment, multiple kinases were measured, in their native states, in a single assay using AMMP technology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 234. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-234
Heterogeneity of peripheral blood reticulocytes: A flow cytometric analysis with monoclonal antibody HAE9 and thiazole orange
Authors: Eugene B. Mechetner, Daniel D. Sedmak, Rolf F. Barth
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract The expression of a human erythroid cell surface antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody (mAB) HAE9 has been studied on peripheral blood reticulocytes by one‐ and two‐color flow cytometry. Total reticulocyte count was determined using Thiazole Orange (TO) and flow cytometry. In normal individuals, 4.56% of reticulocytes were stained by FITC‐labeled mAB HAE9. The correlation between reticulocyte percentage by TO and HAE9 staining was 0.828 ( P &lt; 0.0001) in patients with hematocrits less than 0.25. A HAE9‐positive reticulocyte percentage of 6–44% was observed when analyzed by two‐color flow cytometry with TO and mAB HAE9. These findings, in conjunction with previous studies, suggest that mAB HAE9 recognizes an early, less differentiated population of peripheral blood reticulocytes. Enumeration of immature reticulocytes may be of clinical utility.
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLD) in Conjunction with Nephroureterectomy in the Treatment of Infiltrative Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the Upper Urinary Tract: Impact on Survival
Authors: Maurizio A. Brausi, Mirko Gavioli, Giuseppe De Luca, Giorgio Verrini, GianCarlo Peracchia, GianLuca Simonini, Massimo Viola
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Survival alone is not adequate measure of success, Bristol inquiry told
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The mother of a child left brain damaged after a heart operation has urged the inquiry into the deaths of children at Bristol Royal Infirmary to review the audit of operations carried out at the hospital.

Ms Penelope Plackett told the inquiry that an audit system that regarded survival after one month as a success was unacceptable.

“My daughter Sophie is still classed as a success even though she cannot …
Minimise sedentary behaviour at all ages for healthy ageing
Authors: S. F. M. Chastin, D. A. Skelton
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Myint and Welch fail to do justice to the first UK-wide recommendations for physical activity.1 2 They neglect to mention the most novel aspect of these recommendations—that long periods of being sedentary should be reduced at all ages. Sedentary behaviour is not a lack of …
Interactions Between CYP2C9 and UGT1A6 Polymorphisms and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Authors: Wade S. Samowitz, Roger K. Wolff, Karen Curtin, Carol Sweeney, Khe–ni Ma, Kristen Andersen, Theodore R. Levin, Martha L. Slattery
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Colon blood flow in the dog: effects of changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension
Authors: D G GILMOUR, I H S DOUGLAS, A R AITKENHEAD, A P HOTHERSALL, P W HORTON, I M. LEDINGHAM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Journal Article Colon blood flow in the dog: effects of changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension Get access D G GILMOUR, D G GILMOUR From the University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I H S DOUGLAS, I H S DOUGLAS From the University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A R AITKENHEAD, A R AITKENHEAD From the University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A P HOTHERSALL, A P HOTHERSALL From the University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P W HORTON, P W HORTON From the University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I McA LEDINGHAM I McA LEDINGHAM From the University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 14, Issue 1, January 1980, Pages 11–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/14.1.11 Published: 01 January 1980
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES AND NOVEL BIOMARKERS AMONG NON-DIABETIC HEALTHY MULTIETHNIC U.S. ADULTS
Authors: Naga V. Kommuri, Sidakpal S. Panaich, Sandip K. Zalawadiya, Vikas Veeranna, Ashutosh Niraj, Sony Jacob, Luis C. Afonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
1034. Expression of Short Hairpin RNAs by Liver and Non Liver Specific RNA Pol II Expression Cassettes: What Governs Activity?
Authors: David A. Suhy, Alexander A. Kolykhalov, Linda B. Couto, Luz-Maria Garcia, Annette R. Schroeder, Amy E. Parker, Gabriel Haniff, Mark A. Kay, PeterW. Roelvink
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
Infection with the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a major world-wide health problem. HCV is a liver-tropic RNA virus, and RNAi based treatments have been proposed as a new therapeutic modality. We are developing short-hairpin RNAs to elicit an RNAi response against the HCV genome. Although robust expression of shRNAs from ubiquitous Pol III promoters has been demonstrated by various groups, it would be advantageous to use liver specific Pol II promoters to help restrict expression to affected tissues. We have previously demonstrated modifications that enable the Pol II liver specific apolipoprotein E-human alpha antitrypsin enhancer/ promoter expression (ApoE/hAAT) cassette expressing shRNA to exhibit up to 70% inhibition. We have analyzed the expression profiles of Pol III and Pol II driven cassettes that express identical DNAdirected shRNAs against HCV targets, and observe that Pol III promoters express shRNAs at 10-30 fold higher levels than Pol II. In our subsequent studies, it has become apparent that the modifications to shRNA generated to attain maximal inhibition from the ApoE/hAAT promoter cassette are not universally applicable to all liver specific promoters. In order to effectuate a strategy which may be more generally applicable for the generation of active PolII driven shRNAs, we designed a strategy based on the insertion of the guide strand into a pri-microRNA cassette by retaining the identical structural features (such as loops and bubbles) and physical characteristics (such as free energy delta G) of the pri-microRNA. Analysis of the first CMV IE promoter driven constructs suggests that this is a viable approach to highly efficacious PolII driven expression of shRNAs. We are presently adjusting these cassettes to liver specific expression.