tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced intensity compared with high dose conditioning for allotransplantation in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: A comparative clinical analysis
Authors: Catherine M. Flynn, Betsy Hirsch, Todd DeFor, Juliet N. Barker, Jeffrey S. Miller, John E. Wagner, Bruce R. Blazar, Linda J. Burns, Margaret L. MacMillan, Mukta Arora, Daniel Weisdorf
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

We evaluated the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using reduced intensity (RI) vs. myeloablative (MA) conditioning for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. Thirty two patients (median age 54) who underwent a RI HSCT (2000-2003) were compared with 187 patients (median age 39) who received a MA transplant (1990-2003). Neutrophil engraftment was more rapid in the RI group (median 11.5 vs. 21 days). Platelet recovery was similar and graft failure was infrequent. The incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and treatment-related mortality was similar though relapse was more frequent after RI conditioning (RR 2.2 [95% CI = 1.1-4.6] P = 0.03). At 2 years, disease-free survival (DFS) (31% vs. 30%, P > 0.1) and overall survival (33% vs. 35%, P > 0.1) were comparable between RI and MA groups, respectively. We suggest that RI allografts can yield satisfactory DFS both for older as well as younger patients with pre-existing comorbidities, who are ineligible for MA allografts. Advances in GVHD management and new approaches for relapsed or refractory disease are necessary to improve these outcomes.
Comparison of pesticides and other compounds in carpet dust samples collected from used vacuum cleaner bags and from a high-volume surface sampler.
Authors: J S Colt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Epidemiologic studies of the association between residential pesticide use and cancer risk require an assessment of past pesticide exposures. Pesticide levels in carpet dust are believed to reflect long-term pesticide use. Recent epidemiologic studies have found collection of dust samples using the high-volume surface sampler (HVS3) to be expensive and cumbersome. We compared the levels of pesticides and other compounds in dust obtained from subjects' personal used vacuum cleaner bags to that collected by the HVS3 to see if this simpler method could replace the HVS3 in epidemiologic research. We visited the homes of 15 subjects, took the used bags from their vacuums, and collected carpet dust samples with the HVS3. The samples were analyzed for 42 target compounds: 26 pesticides, 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and six polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners using GC/MS in selected ion monitoring mode. The two methods agreed in detecting the presence of the target compounds between 80% and 100% of the time. Neither sampling method was consistently more sensitive. The median target compound concentrations were similar, and a paired t-test showed no significant differences. For many compounds, the concentrations of compounds in the HVS3 samples were higher than those in the used bag samples at the upper end of the concentration ranges. However, the Spearman rank correlation coefficients were 0.85 or higher for most compounds, indicating that homes would be ranked similarly using both methods. Overall, there appears to be no clear difference in the quality of the pesticide, PAH, or PCB concentration data for the two dust collection methods.
Geriatric Medicine: Whose Specialty?
Authors: JAMES WILLIAMSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The recommendation of the 1978 report of the Institute of Medicine, Washington, D.C., states that there should not be "a formal practice specialty in geriatrics." The United Kingdom has a comprehensive geriatric service based on a separate specialty of geriatric medicine. This speciality was developed before the National Health Service in 1948. The future of geriatric medicine is not clearly defined. It should continue, I believe, as a separate speciality but with deliberate policies to bring it back into "mainstream medicine." This will involve closer integration with family practice, internal medicine, and psychiatry. While I realize that the operation of the geriatric service in Edinburgh, where I work, could not simply be transplanted into an American setting, the principles of geriatric care ought to be applied within a specialist service if the increasing problems of the aging in American society are to be adequately met.
Erratum: “Cerebrovascular accident in β‐thalassemia major (β‐TM) and β‐thalassemia intermedia (β‐TI)” by Karimi et al. <i>Am J Hematol</i> 83:77–79, 2008, DOI number 20938
Authors: Mehran Karimi, Mahsa Khanlari, Eliezer A. Rachmilewitz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

In the above mentioned article, an error was made in the second author's name. The correct name is Mahsa Khanlari. We apologize for any confusion this might have caused.
Reduction of Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children in North Carolina and Vermont, 1996–1999
Authors: Timothy A. Dignam, Jose Lojo, Pamela A. Meyer, Ed Norman, Amy Sayre, W. Dana Flanders
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Few studies have examined factors related to the time required for children's blood lead levels (BLLs) > or = 10 microg/dL to decline to < 10 microg/dL.We used routinely collected surveillance data to determine the length of time and risk factors associated with reducing elevated BLLs in children below the level of concern of 10 microg/dL.From the North Carolina and Vermont state surveillance databases, we identified a retrospective cohort of 996 children < 6 years of age whose first two blood lead tests produced levels > or = 10 microg/dL during 1996-1999. Data were stratified into five categories of qualifying BLLs and analyzed using Cox regression. Survival curves were used to describe the time until BLLs declined below the level of concern. We compared three different analytic methods to account for children lost to follow-up.On average, it required slightly more than 1 year (382 days) for a child's BLL to decline to < 10 microg/dL, with the highest BLLs taking even longer. The BLLs of black children [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.71-0.99], males (HR(male) = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.98), and children from rural areas (HR(rural) = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97) took longer to fall below 10 microg/dL than those of other children, after controlling for qualifying BLL and other covariates. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that including censored children estimated a longer time for BLL reduction than when using linear interpolation or when excluding censored children.Children with high confirmatory BLLs, black children, males, and children from rural areas may need additional attention during case management to expedite their BLL reduction time to < 10 microg/dL. Analytic methods that do not account for loss to follow-up may underestimate the time it takes for BLLs to fall below the recommended target level.
Endothrix Ringworm
Authors: Harold L. Saferstein, Barbara J. Reid, Fritz Blank
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ENDOTHRIX TINEA CAPITIS caused by<i>Trichophyton tonsurans</i>has been considered an uncommon disease in the northern part of the United States.<sup>1</sup>In Philadelphia, as in other large northern cities, most ringworm cases have been attributed to<i>Microsporum audouini</i>,<sup>1</sup>which produces the typical fluorescent ringworm with which most American physicians are familiar. This paper reports evidence of a significant change in the ringworm flora in Philadelphia based on 44 new cases of endothrix ringworm due to the<i>T tonsurans</i>group. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients with endothrix infection seen at the Skin and Cancer Hospital of Philadelphia from January, 1962 through March, 1964 and at the Dermatology Clinic of St. Christopher's Hospital for Children from December, 1963 through March, 1964 are included in this report. <h3>Mycology.—</h3> Specimens of hair, scales, and, in some cases, pus were taken from all patients with any inflammatory or noninflammatory scaling disease of the scalp or skin
Effect of nitroglycerin on the electrical changes of early or subendocardial ischaemia evaluated by monophasic action potential recordings
Authors: R M DONALDSON, P TAGGART, H SWANTON, K FOX, A F RICKARDS, D NOBLE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Intracavitary recording of monophasic action potentials (MAP) is a sensitive means of detecting the electrophysiological effects of early or subendocardial ischaemia. The effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) on the MAP was evaluated during pacing-induced angina in seven patients with localised, reversible ischaemia. Recordings from the ischaemic zone demonstrated a decrease in MAP amplitude and an abnormal rate-corrected shortening of MAP repolartisation. The "control" right ventricular MAP showed only the expected rate-dependent decrease in duration throughout the pacing stress test. The ischaemic MAP were unchanged following the intracoronary administration of NTG (100 μg). In contrast, intravenous NTG (200 to 300 μg) produced a normalisation of MAP amplitude and duration in spite of continuous pacing at the angina-provoking rate. These changes were preceded by a fall in aortic pressure (from mean 123/84 to 96/62) and subsequent lowering of the rate-pressure product. The major beneficial effects of NTG on the early electrical changes of pacing-induced ischaemia are thus related to decreased oxygen demand due to reduction in cardiac preload.
American Society for Physicians' Study Travels
Authors: J. M. Anders
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The German Central Committee for Physicians' Study Travels, an organization that recently visited a number of the leading medical centers of the United States in connection with its attendance on the Congress on Hygiene and Demography at Washington, D, C., in September, 1912, was organized with the avowed object of visiting institutions in foreign countries by making a trip to but one of these countries annually. The committee does not confine its studies and observations to medical universities and colleges, but also aims to obtain information regarding purely scientific, hygienic and municipal institutions, as well as historic places of leading interest, model department stores and manufactories. On the basis that only one country is visited each year and that everything in the way of entertainment and scientific and practical demonstrations is arranged for in advance, it is found that much valuable information is gained, not to speak
Predictors of fatal and non‐fatal outcomes in the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure (CORONA): incremental value of apolipoprotein A‐1, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive peptide and N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide
Authors: Hans Wedel, John J.V. McMurray, Magnus Lindberg, John Wikstrand, John G.F. Cleland, Jan H. Cornel, Peter Dunselman, Åke Hjalmarson, John Kjekshus, Michel Komajda, Timo Kuusi, Johan Vanhaecke, Finn Waagstein
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Prenatal factors and occurrence of rhinitis and eczema among offspring
Authors: B Xu, J Pekkanen, M‐r Järvelin
Journal: Allergy (1999)

It has recently been suggested that an atopic phenotype may already be programmed in utero. We examine here the association between prenatal factors and the subsequent development of allergic rhinitis and eczema among offspring.The analyses were based on 8088 children in a population-based prospective birth cohort started in northern Finland in 1985-6.The prevalences of allergic rhinitis and allergic eczema by the age of 7 years among 8088 children were 3.3% and 6.7%, respectively. The results indicate that low parity, febrile infections in pregnancy, and the use of contraceptives before pregnancy increased the risk of allergic disorders among children. Bleeding in the first trimester and a greater weight gain during pregnancy appeared to be risk factors for rhinitis only. Children whose mothers experienced infections in the first trimester had ORs of 2.65 (95% CI 1.50-4.69) for rhinitis and 1.63 (95% CI 1.00-2.69) for eczema after adjustment for potential confounders.Obstetric complications and infection in pregnancy may increase the risk of allergic disorders among the offspring.
Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality. CONSENSUS Trial Study Group.
Authors: K Swedberg, P Eneroth, J Kjekshus, L Wilhelmsen
Journal: Circulation (1990)

There is a varying hormonal activation in heart failure. To be able to evaluate this activation and relate it to prognosis, we took blood samples at baseline and after 6 weeks from 239 patients with severe heart failure (all in New York Heart Association class IV) randomized to additional treatment with enalapril or placebo. In this study (CONSENSUS), which has previously been reported, there was a significant reduction in mortality among patients treated with enalapril. The present data show in the placebo group a significant positive relation between mortality and levels of angiotensin II (p less than 0.05), aldosterone (p = 0.003), noradrenaline (p less than 0.001), adrenaline (p = 0.001), and atrial natriuretic factor (p = 0.003). A similar relation was not observed among the patients treated with enalapril. Significant reductions in mortality in the groups of patients treated with enalapril were consistently found among patients with baseline hormone levels above median values. There were significant reductions in hormone levels from baseline to 6 weeks in the group of patients treated with enalapril for all hormones except adrenaline. There were no correlations between these changes in hormone levels. Summarily, there is a pronounced but variable neurohormonal activation in heart failure even in patients with similar clinical findings. This activation is reduced by enalapril therapy. The results suggest that the effect of enalapril on mortality is related to hormonal activation in general and the renin-angiotensin system in particular.
European-Led Project Strives to Simulate the Human Brain
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The problem of duplicate systematic reviews
Authors: D. Moher
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Systematic reviewers should identify existing reviews as a compulsory first step 

Systematic reviews occupy a central position in evidence based medicine. They are the starting point of a well developed practice guideline. Some funders of randomised trials ask investigators for a strong rationale for their proposed trial, indicating that the best evidence is likely to be a well conducted and completely reported systematic review.1 These reasons, and others, probably explain the popularity and publication trajectory of systematic reviews.2 Does this translate into duplication of effort and waste? In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.f4501), using sound methodology and complete and transparent reporting, Siontis and colleagues examined this question.3

Having selected 73 meta-analyses published during 2010, the authors identified two thirds of them as having at least one overlapping meta-analysis. The good news is that duplication does not seem to have been a major problem. The authors report a median of two overlapping meta-analyses per topic. However, for several clinical topics there were multiple duplicates, and in 17 instances at least one author was involved in more than one overlapping meta-analysis. These findings provide another …
Summation from a regulatory perspective
Authors: Edward V. Ohanian, Joseph A. Cotruvo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

There is an urgent need to discuss the Office of Drinking Water's standard-setting or rulemaking process since most of the researchers whose papers are presented here directly or indirectly play a crucial role in this complex undertaking. Therefore, this paper will address the research data required to support policymaking and regulatory decisions pertaining to health effects of disinfectants and disinfection by-products.
Neuropeptide Y modifies the hypertrophic response of adult ventricular cardiomyocytes to norepinephrine
Authors: M Kanevskij
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: The hypertrophic response of adult rat cardiomyocytes to norepinephrine via α-adrenoceptor stimulation is limited by an inhibitory cross-talk of simultaneously β-adrenoceptor stimulation. On the other hand, neuropeptide Y (NPY), known to be co-secreted with norepinephrine from intramural nerve endings of the heart, exerts an anti-β-adrenergic effect. Therefore, it should be expected that NPY enhances the hypertrophic response to norepinephrine. This hypothesis was addressed in the present study. Methods: Isolated adult ventricular cardiomyocytes from rats were used. As parameters of hypertrophic growth we investigated cell volume, cross-sectional area, protein mass. Protein and RNA synthesis were determined by incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine or [14C]uridine, respectively. Results: Norepinephrine (1 μmol/l) did not significantly increase protein or RNA synthesis. In co-presence of NPY (100 nmol/l), however, norepinephrine increased protein synthesis by 44% and RNA synthesis by 18%. Under the same conditions, NPY enhanced the effect of norepinephrine on cell volume from +6.4 to +18.2%, its effect on cross-sectional area from +16 to +23%, and increased the protein/DNA ratio from 32.5 to 35.6 mg/mg. In parallel, norepinephrine caused a translocation of PKC-α and PKC-δ into the particular fractions and this effect of norepinephrine was also enhanced by co-presence of NPY. In contrast, NPY did not enhance ERK-activation caused by norepinephrine. Conclusion: Our study indicates the anti-β-adrenergic effect of NPY is sufficient to modulate the hypertrophic response of adult ventricular cardiomyocytes to norepinephrine. The results suggest that the hypertrophic effect of norepinephrine via α-adrenoceptor stimulation can be modulated by co-release of NPY from intramural nerve endings.
Cardiac muscarinic receptors decrease with age. In vitro and in vivo studies.
Authors: O E Brodde, U Konschak, K Becker, F Rüter, U Poller, J Jakubetz, J Radke, H R Zerkowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine in low doses decreases resting heart rate; this effect declines with age (Poller, U., G. Nedelka, J. Radke, K. Pönicke, and O.-E. Brodde. 1997. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 29:187-193). To study possible mechanisms underlying this effect, we assessed (a) in six young (26 yr old) and six older volunteers (61 yr old), pirenzepine effects (0.32 and 0.64 mg intravenous [i.v.] bolus) on isoprenaline-induced heart rate increases; (b) in five heart transplant recipients, pirenzepine effects (0.05-10 mg i.v. bolus) on resting heart rate in the recipient's native and transplanted sinus nodes; and (c) in right atria from 39 patients of different ages (5 d-76 yr) undergoing open heart surgery, M2 muscarinic receptor density (by [3H]N-methyl-scopolamine binding) and adenylyl cyclase activity. (a) Pirenzepine at both doses decreased heart rate in young volunteers significantly more than in older volunteers; (b) pirenzepine (< 1 mg) decreased resting heart rate in the recipient's native but not transplanted sinus node; and (c) M2 receptor density and carbachol-induced inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity decreased significantly with the age of the patients. We conclude that pirenzepine decreases heart rate via inhibition of presynaptic M1 autoreceptors, thereby releasing endogenous acetylcholine, and that the heart rate-decreasing effect of acetylcholine declines with age because right atrial M2 receptor density and function decrease.
Power to confuse
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Ever since Nancy Wertheimer of the University of Colorado reported her 1979 findings of an excess of cancer in children living near overhead power lines, seldom has a year passed without a flurry of public debate over the safety or otherwise of these ugly (the one thing all parties agree on) but essential installations.

Much of the argument has been about the very existence of the alleged hazard. As recently as last month, the organisers of the 15 year UK childhood cancer study declared that “perceived risk factors such as living near sources of electromagnetic fields… are not principal causes, if at all, of leukaemia in children.” But a …
Robustness of Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction to Phylogenetic Uncertainty
Authors: Victor Hanson-Smith, Bryan Kolaczkowski, Joseph W. Thornton
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) is widely used to formulate and test hypotheses about the sequences, functions, and structures of ancient genes. Ancestral sequences are usually inferred from an alignment of extant sequences using a maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic algorithm, which calculates the most likely ancestral sequence assuming a probabilistic model of sequence evolution and a specific phylogeny--typically the tree with the ML. The true phylogeny is seldom known with certainty, however. ML methods ignore this uncertainty, whereas Bayesian methods incorporate it by integrating the likelihood of each ancestral state over a distribution of possible trees. It is not known whether Bayesian approaches to phylogenetic uncertainty improve the accuracy of inferred ancestral sequences. Here, we use simulation-based experiments under both simplified and empirically derived conditions to compare the accuracy of ASR carried out using ML and Bayesian approaches. We show that incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty by integrating over topologies very rarely changes the inferred ancestral state and does not improve the accuracy of the reconstructed ancestral sequence. Ancestral state reconstructions are robust to uncertainty about the underlying tree because the conditions that produce phylogenetic uncertainty also make the ancestral state identical across plausible trees; conversely, the conditions under which different phylogenies yield different inferred ancestral states produce little or no ambiguity about the true phylogeny. Our results suggest that ML can produce accurate ASRs, even in the face of phylogenetic uncertainty. Using Bayesian integration to incorporate this uncertainty is neither necessary nor beneficial.
Sputum Epithelial Cell-Derived Neutrophil-Activating Peptide-78 (ENA-78/CXCL5) in Asthmatic Children
Authors: N.M. Heshmat, G.A. Mostafa, M.M. Abd Al-Aziz, E.M. Abd El-Bary
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Lupus nephropathy in New Zealand F1 hybrid mice treated by (-)15-deoxyspergualin
Authors: Michihito Okubo, Keiichi Inoue, Naoki Umetani, Naoyuki Sato, Kouju Kamata, Yoshihiko Masaki, Takehiko Uchiyama, Xiao-Jie Yan, Takaaki Aoyagi, Toshikazu Shirai
Journal: Kidney International (1988)