tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a modified ACR20 scoring system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving treatment with etanercept
Authors: J A Goldman, H A Xia, B White, H Paulus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objective:</b> To evaluate a modified American College of Rheumatology 20 (mACR20) scoring system for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. <b>Methods:</b> The data were evaluated from one study on patients with methotrexate (MTX)-naive early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) and another study on patients with DMARD-refractory late rheumatoid arthritis (LRA). For mACR20 scoring, acute-phase reactant measurements were excluded, and 20% improvement from baseline was determined by 2 or 3 of the 4 remaining ACR components. <b>Results:</b> For full joint counts with data from patients with ERA, marked differences favoured 25 mg etanercept (ETN) over 10 mg ETN by using the unmodified ACR20 (69% <i>v</i> 55%), the mACR20<sub>3 of 4</sub> (63% <i>v</i> 49%) and the mACR20<sub>2 of 4</sub> (72% <i>v</i> 58%). An assessment of 28 joints showed similar findings. In the trial on patients with LRA, considerably more patients in both ETN groups achieved a clinical response compared with placebo by using the ACR20, the mACR20<sub>3 of 4</sub> and the mACR20<sub>2 of 4</sub>, whether using full or 28 joint counts. The mACR20<sub>3 of 4</sub> and full joint counts with data on patients with ERA showed a marked difference between the MTX and 10 mg ETN groups (63% <i>v</i> 49%), which was not observed with the ACR20. <b>Conclusion:</b> Patterns of improvement indicated by mACR20 scores were consistent with standard ACR20 scores.
A New Therapeutic Approach Using a Schizophyllan-based Drug Delivery System for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hidetoshi Takedatsu, Keiichi Mitsuyama, Shinichi Mochizuki, Teppei Kobayashi, Kazuo Sakurai, Hiroshi Takeda, Yoshihide Fujiyama, Yoshikazu Koyama, Jun Nishihira, Michio Sata
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Antisense technologies for the targeted inhibition of gene expression could provide an effective strategy for the suppression of inflammation. However, the effective use of antisense oligonucleotides (ODN) has been limited because of several problems. Therefore, a delivery system for antisense ODNs that enhances antisense stability, while maintaining the specificity of antisense for its target RNA or DNA is needed. We have developed a delivery system for antisense ODN using schizophyllan (SPG), a polysaccharide that belongs to the β-(1-3) glucan family. This system has several advantages enabling the effective suppression of targeted RNA or DNA: the SPG complex is stable in vivo and does not dissolve in the presence of deoxyribonuclease, and the SPG complex is effectively taken up into macrophages by phagocytosis through Dectin-1. Macrophage-migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is mainly produced by macrophages has been shown to have a pathogenetic role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We developed a technique to create an SPG complex that highly conformed to the antisense MIF. The administration of antisense MIF/SPG complex effectively suppressed MIF production and significantly ameliorated intestinal inflammation. Our result demonstrated a possible new therapeutic approach, i.e., the administration of antisense MIF/SPG complex, for the treatment of IBD. Antisense technologies for the targeted inhibition of gene expression could provide an effective strategy for the suppression of inflammation. However, the effective use of antisense oligonucleotides (ODN) has been limited because of several problems. Therefore, a delivery system for antisense ODNs that enhances antisense stability, while maintaining the specificity of antisense for its target RNA or DNA is needed. We have developed a delivery system for antisense ODN using schizophyllan (SPG), a polysaccharide that belongs to the β-(1-3) glucan family. This system has several advantages enabling the effective suppression of targeted RNA or DNA: the SPG complex is stable in vivo and does not dissolve in the presence of deoxyribonuclease, and the SPG complex is effectively taken up into macrophages by phagocytosis through Dectin-1. Macrophage-migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is mainly produced by macrophages has been shown to have a pathogenetic role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We developed a technique to create an SPG complex that highly conformed to the antisense MIF. The administration of antisense MIF/SPG complex effectively suppressed MIF production and significantly ameliorated intestinal inflammation. Our result demonstrated a possible new therapeutic approach, i.e., the administration of antisense MIF/SPG complex, for the treatment of IBD.
Determination of the clonal origin of multiple human hepatocellular carcinomas by cloning and polymerase chain reaction of the integrated hepatitis B virus DNA
Authors: Toshiki Yamamoto, Kazunori Kajino, Masatoshi Kudo, Yo Sasaki, Yasuyuki Arakawa, Okio Hino
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is partly the result of the high rate of recurrence that is caused either by intrahepatic metastasis (IM) or independent multicentric occurrence (MO). For convenience, discrimination of IM and MO is based on pathological findings, but reliable parameters are not sufficiently established. In the case of hepatitis B virus (HBV)–associated HCC, molecular discrimination of IM from MO can be achieved by comparison of integrated HBV DNAs. However, Southern blotting cannot be used for this purpose when one tumor is saved in frozen form and the other is in paraffin–embedded form. To solve this problem, we employed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to confirm the clonality of primary and recurrent tumors. From the frozen tissue, we determined the junction between the integrated HBV and flanking genomic DNA by molecular cloning, and checked the existence of an identical junction in the DNA of paraffin–embedded tissue by PCR. Using this method, as well as Southern blotting, we proved in 6 of 8 patients that two nodular HCC lesions resected metachronously or simultaneously were caused by MO, while the remaining 2 cases were caused by IM. In 1 IM case, band patterns between two HCCs detected by Southern blotting were not identical
Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest by Authors of Clinical Trials and Editorials in Oncology
Authors: Rachel P. Riechelmann, Lisa Wang, Aoife O'Carroll, Monika K. Krzyzanowska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

There is concern that financial relationships between sponsors and investigators may bias research results. Our objective was to evaluate the epidemiology of conflicts of interest (COIs) among authors of clinical trials and editorials in oncology and the relationship between COI disclosure and source of funding.We did a cross-sectional survey of clinical trials and editorials of anticancer agents and supportive care medications published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO) during a 1-year period.Of 1,533 articles published in JCO between January 1, 2005, and January 31, 2006, 332 met our inclusion criteria; 289 (87%) were clinical trials, and 43 (13%) were editorials. The pharmaceutical industry entirely or partially funded 44% of the clinical trials. At least one COI was disclosed in 69% of clinical trials and 51% of editorials. The most common types of COI reported by authors were consultancy fees, honoraria, and research funds. The highest monetary levels of interest reported by authors were for research grants, but the majority of authors with COIs received less than US$10,000. In multivariable analysis, authors of clinical trials conducted in North America (North America v Europe: odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, P = .002) and authors of trials funded entirely (industry only v nonprofit: OR = 13.8, P < .001) or partially (both industry and nonprofit v nonprofit only: OR = 5.8, P < .001) by industry were more likely to report personal COIs.COIs are common in clinical cancer research and usually take the form of consultancy fees, honoraria, and research funds. Source of study funding was significantly associated with COI disclosure.
Plasma insulin: fluctuations in the “big” insulin component in man after glucose and other stimuli
Authors: Phillip Gorden, Jesse Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Plasma was filtered on G50 Sephadex, and two components of circulating insulin, "little" insulin and "big" insulin, were measured by immunoassay. The former component is indistinguishable from insulin, whereas the latter more closely resembles proinsulin and the other insulin-like substances isolated from the pancreas. In thin normal subjects, the fraction of plasma insulin that was big insulin (per cent "big"). 15-30 min after oral glucose, was less than 5%; per cent big rose 2- to 8-fold over the next hour and by 90-120 min represented 5-29% of the plasma insulin. In young thin subjects with idiopathic glucose intolerance associated with normal concentrations of plasma insulin, an identical pattern of big insulin was observed. In thin subjects in whom elevations of per cent big at 90-120 min during the standard test were only modest, starvation for 48 hr before the glucose administration resulted in a more pronounced rise in the per cent big insulin. Early after glucose administration to obese and acromegalic subjects, the per cent big was higher than in thin subjects. The magnitude of the elevation was roughly correlated with elevations in the fasting plasma insulin concentration. By 90-120 min, the per cent big in obese and acromegalic patients was the same range as in the thin subjects. Intravenously administered arginine and tolbutamide in a small number of subjects yielded a response that was similar to oral glucose; the per cent big was low early after stimulation and increased with time. In two patients with islet cell carcinomas, the per cent big was in the same range as in normal subjects.
410 USEFULNESS OF REAL-TIME TISSUE ELASTOGRAPHY FOR NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF LIVER STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: VERSUS TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY (FIBROSCAN)
Authors: H. Morikawa, K. Fukuda, H. Fujii, S. Kobayashi, S. Iwai, M. Enomoto, A. Tamori, H. Sakaguchi, N. Kawada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Blood Volume Changes in Normal and Various Anemic States in Man After Androgen Administration.
Authors: Emmanuel C. Besa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Blood Volume Changes in Normal and Various Anemic States in Man After Androgen Administration.Emmanuel C. Besa, M.D., Dov Gorshein, M.D., Frank H. Gardner, M.D., F.A.C.P.Emmanuel C. Besa, M.D., Dov Gorshein, M.D., Frank H. Gardner, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-869_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHigh doses of androgens have increased hemoglobin concentration in patients and animals. Verwilghen and associates demonstrated a fall in plasma volume in nonhematologic patients treated with nandrolane, 25 mg/month for 1 to 3 years. They attributed the rise in hematocrit to hemoconcentration. A later study by Gardner and colleagues, using testosterone enanthate, 800 mg weekly for 6 weeks, increased the red cell mass and plasma volume in 15 elderly normal men. We have studied blood volume changes, using nandrolone decanoate, 3 mg/kg body weight·week. Blood volume was measured with51Cr-labeled RBCs before therapy as well as after 5 weeks, 10... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 869-869KeywordsAndrogensAttentionBlood volumeElderlyFallsHematocritHemoglobinPlasma cellsPlasma volumeTestosterone Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Genetic mutations and mechanisms in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Elizabeth M. McNally, Jessica R. Golbus, Megan J. Puckelwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Genetic mutations account for a significant percentage of cardiomyopathies, which are a leading cause of congestive heart failure. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), cardiac output is limited by the thickened myocardium through impaired filling and outflow. Mutations in the genes encoding the thick filament components myosin heavy chain and myosin binding protein C (MYH7 and MYBPC3) together explain 75% of inherited HCMs, leading to the observation that HCM is a disease of the sarcomere. Many mutations are "private" or rare variants, often unique to families. In contrast, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is far more genetically heterogeneous, with mutations in genes encoding cytoskeletal, nucleoskeletal, mitochondrial, and calcium-handling proteins. DCM is characterized by enlarged ventricular dimensions and impaired systolic and diastolic function. Private mutations account for most DCMs, with few hotspots or recurring mutations. More than 50 single genes are linked to inherited DCM, including many genes that also link to HCM. Relatively few clinical clues guide the diagnosis of inherited DCM, but emerging evidence supports the use of genetic testing to identify those patients at risk for faster disease progression, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia.
Correction: Values for Oxygen Saturation
Authors: Michael R. Sandberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 February 1989Correction: Values for Oxygen SaturationMichael R. Sandberg, MDMichael R. Sandberg, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-4-328_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I would like to correct the units of measurement in my letter (1) on dementia and hypoxia. The results of overnight oximetry showed an oxygen saturation of between 70% and 79% (not mm Hg) during sleep. These results would correspond to a PO2 of between 30 and 40 mm Hg....Reference1. Sandberg M. Dementia and hypoxia [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:994. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1989Volume 110, Issue 4Page: 328-328KeywordsDementiaHypoxiaOxygenPartial pressure of oxygenSleep Issue Published: 15 February 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
793-1 Local, Low Pressure Heparin Delivery Following Angioplasty in Man: The Solution to Restenosls?
Authors: Edoardo Camenzind, Wim van der Giesen, Jurgen Ligthart, Peter Ruygrok, Peter de Jaegere, Pim de Feyter, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Incidental genetic findings in randomized clinical trials: recommendations from the Genomics and Randomized Trials Network (GARNET)
Authors: Ebony B Bookman, Corina Din-Lovinescu, Bradford B Worrall, Teri A Manolio, Siiri N Bennett, Cathy Laurie, Daniel B Mirel, Kimberly F Doheny, Garnet L Anderson, Kate Wehr, Richard Weinshilboum, Donna T Chen
Journal: Genome Medicine (2013)

Recommendations and guidance on how to handle the return of genetic results to patients have offered limited insight into how to approach incidental genetic findings in the context of clinical trials. This paper provides the Genomics and Randomized Trials Network (GARNET) recommendations on incidental genetic findings in the context of clinical trials, and discusses the ethical and practical issues considered in formulating our recommendations. There are arguments in support of as well as against returning incidental genetic findings in clinical trials. For instance, reporting incidental findings in clinical trials may improve the investigator-participant relationship and the satisfaction of participation, but it may also blur the line between clinical care and research. The issues of whether and how to return incidental genetic findings, including the costs of doing so, should be considered when developing clinical trial protocols. Once decided, plans related to sharing individual results from the aim(s) of the trial, as well as incidental findings, should be discussed explicitly in the consent form. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and other study-specific governing bodies should be part of the decision as to if, when, and how to return incidental findings, including when plans in this regard are being reconsidered.
Wake-up stroke and TIA due to paradoxical embolism during long obstructive sleep apnoeas: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alfonso Ciccone, Paola Proserpio, Daria Valeria Roccatagliata, Michele Nichelatti, Gian Luigi Gigli, Gianfranco Parati, Carolina Lombardi, Fabio Pizza, Fabio Cirignotta, Ignazio Michele Santilli, Vincenzo Silani, Roberto Sterzi, Lino Nobili
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background and purpose</h3> Long obstructive sleep apnoeas (LOSAs) can cause brain ischaemia through paradoxical embolism since they can lead to right to left shunting (RLSh) but this has never been assessed as a risk factor for stroke. We investigated whether the combination of LOSA and RLSh is associated with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) on waking (wake-up stroke). <h3>Methods</h3> We prospectively considered patients aged over 18 years, admitted to 13 stroke units for acute ischaemic stroke or TIA. Patients had to be able to give consent, to specify whether the event occurred on waking, and to cooperate sufficiently to undergo contrast transcranial Doppler examination and cardiorespiratory sleep study within 10 days of the onset of symptoms. Single LOSA events, lasting 20 s or more, were considered a possible harbinger of RLSh. <h3>Results</h3> Between April 2008 and March 2010, 335 patients (109 women; 61 TIA, mean age 64 years) were enrolled; 202 (60%) had at least one LOSA and 116 (35%) a RLSh; 69 (21%) had both. There were significantly more wake-up strokes/TIAs in subjects with RLSh plus LOSA than those without this association (27/69 vs 70/266; OR 1.91, controlled for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, antithrombotic therapy; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.38; p=0.03). No other risk factor was associated with an increase in the incidence of events on waking. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The study suggests that the combination of LOSA and RLSh could be a new major, potentially treatable risk factor for cerebrovascular ischaemic events.
Benefits vs the Harms of Automated External Defibrillator Use—Reply
Authors: N. A. Mark Estes, Paul Weinberg, Hannah England
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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Quantitative spect isonitrile imaging accurately defines the “area at risk” during coronary occlusion
Authors: Albert J. Sinusas, William H. Smiths, Denny D. Watson, James D. Bergin, Mirta Ruiz, Kimberly A. Weber, Jiri Sklenar, George A. Beller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Tc-99m(V) DMSA Uptake in Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: HITOYA OHTA, TAKASHI OKADA, YUTAKA FURUKAWA, KOUICHI YAMAMOTO, YASUO MIYAKI, KOHZO SHIZUKI, HAJIME KOTOURA, KEIGO ENDO, JUNJI KONISHI, CHIKASHI OHSHIMA, YASUYUKI NAKAMURA, CHUICHI KAWAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Tc-99m(V) DMSA scintigraphy was performed on two patients with primary cardiac amyloidosis. Scintigraphy performed (after radionuclide administration) showed accumulation in the myocardium.
Essential role of Rap signal in pre-TCR–mediated β-selection checkpoint in αβ T-cell development
Authors: Kohei Kometani, Masaki Moriyama, Yasuhiro Nakashima, Yoshinori Katayama, Shu-Fang Wang, Sho Yamasaki, Takashi Saito, Masakazu Hattori, Nagahiro Minato
Journal: Blood (2008)
Normalization of left ventricular mass and associated changes in neurohormones and atrial natriuretic peptide after 1 year of sustained nifedipine therapy for severe hypertension
Authors: Robert A. Phillips, Maria Ardeljan, Seiichi Shimabukuro, Martin E. Goldman, David L. Garbowit, Howard B. Eison, Lawrence R. Krakoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Pneumoperitoneum Following Colonoscopy in a Patient with a Solitary Rectal Ulcer
Authors: H. Allgayer, R. Gugler
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

See also: Complications of Diagnostic Gastrointestinal EndoscopyEndoscopy 1990; 22(05): 229-233DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010734
Hepatitis C viral kinetics with the nucleoside polymerase inhibitor mericitabine (RG7128)
Authors: Jeremie Guedj, Harel Dahari, Emi Shudo, Patrick Smith, Alan S. Perelson
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Mericitabine (RG7128) is a nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (NPI), which requires intracellular uptake and phosphorylation to two active triphosphates. Mathematical modeling has provided important insights for characterizing hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA decline and estimating in vivo effectiveness of antiviral agents; however, it has not been used to characterize viral kinetics with NPIs. HCV RNA was frequently measured in 32 treatment-experienced patients infected with HCV genotype 1 during and after mericitabine monotherapy for 14 days with 750 mg or 1500 mg administered once (qd) or twice daily (bid). The initial decline of HCV RNA was typically slower than with interferon-α or protease inhibitors, and 12 patients presented a novel pattern of HCV RNA kinetics characterized by a monophasic viral decline. Viral kinetics could be well fitted by assuming that the effectiveness in blocking viral production gradually increased over time to reach its final value, ε 2 , consistent with previous accumulation time estimates of intracellular triphosphates. ε 2 was high with bid dosing (mean 750 mg and 1500 mg: 98.0% and 99.8%, respectively; P = 0.018) and significantly higher than in patients treated qd (mean qd versus bid: 90% versus 99%, P &lt; 10 −7 ). Virus rebounded rapidly upon drug discontinuation, which was attributed to the elimination of active drug and the subsequent decline of drug effectiveness, with mean t 1/2 = 13.9 hours in the bid regimens. Conclusion: The observed slower initial decline likely represents the time needed to accumulate intracellular triphosphates and is consistent with in vitro data. When administered bid, mericitabine reached a high, dose-dependent, final effectiveness in blocking viral production that rapidly dropped upon treatment cessation. Understanding HCV RNA kinetics with mericitabine could provide valuable insights for combining it with other direct-acting antiviral agents. (Hepatology 2012)
Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study
Authors: R Heinzer, S Vat, P Marques-Vidal, H Marti-Soler, D Andries, N Tobback, V Mooser, M Preisig, A Malhotra, G Waeber, P Vollenweider, M Tafti, J Haba-Rubio
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2015)