tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of air contaminants formed by the interaction of lava and sea water.
Authors: G J Kullman, W G Jones, R J Cornwell, J E Parker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We made environmental measurements to characterize contaminants generated when basaltic lava from Hawaii's Kilauea volcano enters sea water. This interaction of lava with sea water produces large clouds of mist (LAZE). Island winds occasionally directed the LAZE toward the adjacent village of Kalapana and the Hawaii Volcanos National Park, creating health concerns. Environmental samples were taken to measure airborne concentrations of respirable dust, crystalline silica and other mineral compounds, fibers, trace metals, inorganic acids, and organic and inorganic gases. The LAZE contained quantifiable concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF); HCl was predominant. HCl and HF concentrations were highest in dense plumes of LAZE near the sea. The HCl concentration at this sampling location averaged 7.1 ppm; this exceeds the current occupational exposure ceiling of 5 ppm. HF was detected in nearly half the samples, but all concentrations were <1 ppm Sulfur dioxide was detected in one of four short-term indicator tube samples at approximately 1.5 ppm. Airborne particulates were composed largely of chloride salts (predominantly sodium chloride). Crystalline silica concentrations were below detectable limits, less than approximately 0.03 mg/m3 of air. Settled dust samples showed a predominance of glass flakes and glass fibers. Airborne fibers were detected at quantifiable levels in 1 of 11 samples. These fibers were composed largely of hydrated calcium sulfate. These findings suggest that individuals should avoid concentrated plumes of LAZE near its origin to prevent over exposure to inorganic acids, specifically HCl.
Moderate Ethanol Ingestion and Plasma Triglyceride Levels
Authors: HENRY GINSBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Moderate amounts of ethanol were given three times daily for 7 days to nonalcoholic normal persons and hypertriglyceridemic persons, and plasma lipid, glucose, and insulin levels were measured. In the hypertriglyceridemic subjects, ethanol ingestion caused fasting plasma triglyceride levels to rise, from a control value of 338 ± 71 mg/100 ml to 498 ± 117 mg/100 ml (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the fasting plasma triglyceride levels of the normal persons. The postprandial triglyceride response to ethanol rose 37% in the normal group and 44% in the hypertriglyceridemic group (P < 0.05 for both groups). There were no changes in the fasting or postprandial glucose and insulin levels during ethanol ingestion. The daily use of moderate amounts of alcohol seems to [1] significantly exacerbate preexisting hypertriglyceridemia, which should be considered when treating patients with this disorder, but [2] does not alter plasma glucose or insulin levels in the fasting or postprandial state.
Adolescents and Their Music: Paganini, Satanists, and Insider Trading
Authors: Alan Dardik
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to point out that heavy metal is not only a vehicle for adolescent rebellion and a risk factor for drug abuse and satanic activities<sup>1</sup>but an artistic style that can be appreciated simply for what it is: music (albeit with emphasis on bass and percussion). Some people like it and others do not, but those of us who do and neither use drugs nor are satanists should be allowed to enjoy our music without being labeled.
Evaluation of the arrhythmic progression in myotonic dystrophy patients implanted with a prophylactic pacemaker
Authors: Antonio Della Russo, Giuseppe De Martino, Sergio Valsecchi, Loredana Messano, Tommaso Sanna, Gemma Pelargonio, Manuela Pace, Fortunato Mangiola, Vincenzo Giglio, Juan J. Pellanda, Paolo Zecchi, Fulvio Bellocci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Minor clone provides a reservoir for relapse in multiple myeloma
Authors: F Magrangeas, H Avet-Loiseau, W Gouraud, L Lodé, O Decaux, P Godmer, L Garderet, L Voillat, T Facon, A M Stoppa, G Marit, C Hulin, P Casassus, M Tiab, E Voog, E Randriamalala, K C Anderson, P Moreau, N C Munshi, S Minvielle
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Antibiotic coverage is atypical: evidence from randomised trials
Authors: Leonard Leibovici, Eyal Robenshtock, Mical Paul
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Bjerre quotes an observational study to support the addition of antibiotics that cover atypical pathogens to the treatment of patients with community acquired pneumonia.1 The results of randomised controlled trials dealing with this question were amassed in two recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses (one published in the BMJ …
Very long-term outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid and chemotherapy: the European APL Group experience
Authors: Lionel Adès, Agnes Guerci, Emmanuel Raffoux, Miguel Sanz, Patrice Chevallier, Simona Lapusan, Christian Recher, Xavier Thomas, Consuelo Rayon, Sylvie Castaigne, Olivier Tournilhac, Stephane de Botton, Norbert Ifrah, Jean-Yves Cahn, Eric Solary, Claude Gardin, Nathalie Fegeux, Dominique Bordessoule, Augustin Ferrant, Sandrine Meyer-Monard, Norbert Vey, Herve Dombret, Laurent Degos, Sylvie Chevret, Pierre Fenaux
Journal: Blood (2009)
Beyond Tamoxifen — Extending Endocrine Treatment for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Harold J. Burstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Five years of tamoxifen therapy is the standard adjuvant endocrine therapy for early-stage, hormone-receptor–positive breast cancer.13 Randomized trials have demonstrated the superiority of five years of treatment over shorter durations for the prevention of a recurrence,4,5 as well as a carryover effect that lowers the risk of recurrence for a decade after the completion of five years of tamoxifen therapy and reduces the incidence of contralateral breast cancer. By contrast, several randomized trials have shown that continuing tamoxifen therapy for longer than five years does not improve recurrence-free or overall survival69 and have raised the disturbing possibility . . .
NEW TEST FOR BILE PIGMENTS
Authors: William L. Gould
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Kapsinow, in his article on a new test for bile pigments in urine, bile and blood serum (The Journal, March 1, p. 687) reports that the Obermayer indican test is also a bile test, being more immediate and more delicate than the Gmelin and Rosenbach reactions. In searching for a new bile test, I finally succeeded in finding that if 5 c.c. of concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to an equal amount of urine in a test tube, and the test tube is slowly inverted several times, a drop of hydrogen peroxid then being allowed to flow down the side of the tube, in the presence of bile a deep green ring appears between the peroxid and the mixture below. The area above the ring assumes a dirty green discoloration. As the tube is allowed to stand, the dirty green discoloration gradually descends, so that in
PROGNOSIS IN ADOLESCENT DISORDERS
Authors: JAMES F. MASTERSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

Follow-up information with a span of 5 to 19 years was obtained on 153 adolescent patients between the ages of 12 and 18, hospitalized at the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic. The patients were divided into 4 outcome groups based on their present level of functioning. The criteria of the groups ranged from symptom free to incapacitation necessitating hospital care. A comparison was then made between 20 clinical factors used for prognosis and actual later adjustment. In a previous publication the results with the schizophrenic patients were presented. In this paper the results with the psychoneurotic, psychopathic personality, affective, organic groups are presented. The conclusion presents the prognostic factors as related or not related to outcome. The discussion compares the relative value of all the prognostic factors studied.
Phenotypic features of alveolar monocytes/macrophages and IL‐8 gene activation by IL‐1 and TNF‐α in asthmatic patients
Authors: G. Mazzarella, E. Grella, D. D'auria, G. Paciocco, F. Perna, O. Petillo, G. Peluso
Journal: Allergy (2000)

The alveolar macrophage (AM), a major defense cell in the lung, participates in immune and inflammatory reactions through the release of several regulatory and chemotactic cytokines. In particular, macrophages are considered to play a pivotal proinflammatory role in the production and maintenance of airway inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity. To assess the phenotypic pattern of AM from asthmatic subjects, we performed the following experiments: 1) cytofluorometric analysis of specific phenotypic features (CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD45, HLA-DR, CD71, CD95, and CD44) 2) assessment of the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, and the chemotactic regulatory cytokine IL-8 by unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated AM. In these patients, we phenotypically characterized the AM, showing their strong proinflammatory activity also in patients with mild asthma. Their activity has been clarified by our biomolecular data that showed a constitutive basal IL-8 production by AM, and also indicated that IL-1 and TNF-alpha were able to upregulate the ability of activated human AM to produce IL-8 at the protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels.
TARSAL-METATARSAL DISLOCATION
Authors: Robert B. Acker
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Injuries of this type are rare. Wilson and Cochrane describe two forms of tarsal and metatarsal dislocation, one a so-called divergent form in which the metatarsals are displaced both outward and inward, and a second in which the metatarsals are displaced upward in relation to the tarsus. Neither is the same as the type of dislocation here described. This type of dislocation is especially liable to be a compound injury, as the force necessary to its production must be great. The usual method of production is a direct run-over by the wheel of a vehicle with the foot held in a side position and fixed. The force is applied at one margin of the foot and toward the opposite margin. Practically speaking, I do not believe that an injury exactly of the type shown here could be produced in any other manner. The automobile, by means of its great
Reasons for optimism
Authors: Rajendra Kale
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Why would we publish a clinical review of a condition that affects only about 7000 people in the United Kingdom? We reject many articles because the condition described is “too rare for the BMJ .” Why is cystic fibrosis (p 1225; doi: 10.1136/bmj.39391.713229.AD) an exception? Much has changed for patients with the condition. They live longer—the predicted survival for babies born in the 21st century is now more than 50 years; the standard treatment is changing; and the focus is now on screening newborns. Therefore non-specialists are more likely to encounter patients with cystic fibrosis than they did in the past. All of which is good news.

This week’s BMJ provides …
THE USE OF EPINEPHRIN IN THE STOKES-ADAMS SYNDROME
Authors: HAROLD FEIL
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The discomfort of patients who have Stokes-Adams attacks is well known, and until recently there has been no successful means of combating the condition. The syncopal attacks may occur at such frequent intervals that the patient is in almost constant anguish. Besides, there is the danger of permanent ventricular standstill. To those who have observed such attacks, the picture by Holberton1is familiar. He describes a fit as always preceded by cessation of the pulse for a second or two before syncope took place; on the heart recommencing to beat, the face would redden, and consciousness return, with a wild stare and occasionally a snorting, a slight foaming at the mouth and a convulsive action of the muscles of the mouth and face. This cycle may be repeated at frequent intervals, as in the patient whose case history is here reported.  Phear and Parkinson2recently reported good results
Forty Years Among the Proteins
Authors: John T. Edsall
Journal: JAMA (1966)

I am deeply touched by the great honor of receiving the Passano Foundation award, and having my name joined to the splendid list of previous recipients. Indeed, the reading of this list strikes me with particular force, since the first such award was made 21 years ago to my former chief, Edwin J. Cohn. It was he who initiated me into the field of protein chemistry, and exercised a determining influence on my whole career, and I remained a member of the department that he headed for about a quarter of a century. Since I first entered Cohn's laboratory, just 40 years ago, I have seen the study of proteins develop from a special field involving a few dedicated biochemists, to a vast area of research, involving the activities of thousands of investigators. Today protein chemistry is involved, not only with every aspect of modern biochemistry, but with microbiology, evolution,
Sequences and repertoire of human T cell receptor alpha chain variable region genes in mature T lymphocytes.
Authors: Y Yoshikai, N Kimura, B Toyonaga, T W Mak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

24 human T cell receptor alpha chain messages have been examined by cDNA sequence analysis and Southern blot. The data indicate that there are approximately 40 alpha chain T cell receptor variable gene segments, which can be divided into 12 families. Comparison of the J gene segments from the cDNAs to previously determined germline J alpha sequences places the number of J alpha gene segments over 21, and indicates their number to be approximately 55. Identical nucleotide sequences in independent isolates of V alpha and J alpha gene segments indicate that hypermutation may not be a common mechanism for the expansion of diversity in these genes, and suggest that the major source of diversity within the alpha chain repertoire is a result of recombinational joinings between germline V alpha and J alpha sequences, combined with imprecise junctional joining. Analysis of the V regions of these alpha chain messages reveals the presence of three domains of hypervariability roughly analogous to the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 regions of immunoglobulin.
ON THE ENTRANCE OF AIR INTO THE VEINS AS A CAUSE OF DEATH.
Authors: Y GEO. L. PORTER
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy of the American Medical Association, May, 1884. While no welcome awaits the advent of a new danger in surgical practice, a cordial reception should be extended to the recognition of its existence. Such knowledge is the beacon-light, which announces a threatening evil, and may prevent its occurrence. Forewarned is forearmed. The recognition, and not the danger, is new. Newton's discovery was only the new knowledge of a fact in the economy of nature as old as the universe. Dr. Bright, in 1827, published his recognition of diseased tissues, but albuminuria may have vexed the children of men since the flood. Many a victim, with a bronzed skin, and pearl-white sclerotic surrendered an enfeebled life, before the disease had received from Dr. Addison "a local habitation and a name." So who can tell how many deaths had followed the entrance of air into
Just how aligned are interlocutors' representations?
Authors: Michael F. Schober
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Conversational partners' representations may be less aligned than they appear even when interlocutors believe they have successfully understood each other, as data from a series of experiments on surveys about facts and behaviors suggest. Although the goal of a mechanistic psychology of dialogue is laudable, the ultimate model is likely to require far greater specification of individual and contextual variability.
Endoscopic Treatment of Precanceroses and Early Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: W. Rösch, P. Frühmorgen
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

A plea is made for individual age-adjusted endoscopic therapy of precancerous lesions and, under certain conditions, of early gastric carcinoma. True adenoma and borderline lesion have to be resected, if technically feasible, by snare ectomy. Tumour remnants or local recurrences can be destroyed by argon laser application. In poor-risk patients with a well-differentiated mucosal carcinoma situated close to the cardia, the risk of dying from metastases left behind after endoscopic resection seems less than that of fundectoma or gastrectomy. Endoscopic polypectomy was successfully practised in 6 patients with early gastric carcinoma with no tumor recurrence.
Gas in Soft Tissues of Forearm in an 18-Year-Old Emotionally Disturbed Diabetic
Authors: Rodney K. Kusumi
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>History</h3> An emotionally disturbed 18-year-old diabetic woman was admitted to the hospital because of a "sore" on her right forearm of ten days' duration, for which she had been taking erythromycin estolate orally in addition to local cleansing of the infected area with hydrogen peroxide. Physical examination showed a 3×3-cm noninflamed ulcer on the volar aspect of the right forearm. Crepitation was detected along the right upper extremity. Vital signs were normal. A roentgenogram of the right forearm demonstrated the typical stigmata of gas in the soft tissues of the forearm. A metallic foreign body suggesting the tip of a needle is observed in the soft tissues near the wrist (Figure). <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Gas in soft tissues of forearm due to self-injection of air. <h3>Comment</h3> The patient had a history of psychiatric problems. Although she irrigated her wound of the forearm with hydrogen peroxide, she admitted to injecting air into the
Book: Forensic Taphonomy: The Postmortem Fate of Human Remains
Authors: C M Milroy
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Ed William D Haglund, Marcella H Sorg CRC Press, £72, pp 636 ISBN 0 849 39434 1 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> On 5 March 1940 Stalin gave the order for the NKVD to execute prisoners of war captured during the combined German and Soviet occupation of Poland. In 1943, 4500 victims were discovered in mass graves in the Katyn Forrest, after the Germans had overrun Soviet territory. The Polish government in exile demanded a commission to investigate, and an international team of forensic investigators under German authority examined the victims. This investigation placed the blame … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
322 ESTROGENS STIMULATE THE GROWTH OF HUMAN CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA BY ACTIVATING THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) SYSTEM
Authors: M.C. Bragazzi, M.G. Mancino, A. Mancino, A. Franchitto, P. Onori, E. Gaudio, D. Alvaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Tropical and Geographical Medicine
Authors: Anthony J. Martel
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Several years ago this textbook would have served merely as a solid reference text in libraries of medical institutions. The onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic with activation of latent protozoan and helminth infections has made it of much more immediate interest to all physicians. In addition, the problems of Third World countries, which include one half of the earth's total landmass and approximately three fourths of its population, necessitate more than just a casual knowledge of tropical medicine. The advent of widespread air travel brings into the clinician's office diseases that once would have been seen only in very large medical centers. The truly shrinking globe demands that physicians adapt to this new reality. Drs Warren and Mahmoud have accomplished an impressive feat with this second edition. Seventeen countries are represented and over 150 authors have contributed to the text. To maintain a cohesive format with uniform prose
Hemodynamic, reflexive, and metabolic alterations induced by acute and chronic timolol therapy in hypertensive man.
Authors: F G Dunn, J G de Carvalho, E D Frohlich
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The hemodynamic, cardiovascular, and metabolic effects of acute (intravenous) and prolonged (four weeks oral) timolol treatment were assessed in 16 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension. Fifteen patients completed the outpatient study and ten showed a fall in mean arterial pressure of at least 10 mm Hg. They also demonstrated a significant fall in supine systolic (7%), diastolic (9%), and mean arterial pressure. Hemodynamic evaluation was performed in 13 patients and cardiac index was found to be reduced with both intravenous (20%) and oral timolol (13%). There was no correlation between the decrease in cardiac index and arterial pressure. Calculated total peripheral resistance rose with intravenous timolol and returned toward, but not below, pretreatment values with the oral therapy. Left ventricular ejection rate also fell significantly with intravenous timolol but returned toward pretreatment levels with oral therapy. Plasma renin activity was reduced similarly with both modes of administration and its reduction also did not correlate with the fall in arterial pressure. Plasma volume fell in eight of 13 patients. Reflexive responses to the Valsalva maneuver were considerably modified by both intravenous and oral timolol but responses to 50 degrees upright tilt and handgrip were not. Timolol is an effective oral antihypertensive agent with similar hemodynamic and metabolic effects to propranolol.
Human immunodeficiency virus and drug misuse: the Edinburgh experience.
Authors: R P Brettle, K Bisset, S Burns, J Davidson, S J Davidson, J M Gray, J M Inglis, J S Lees, J Mok
Journal: BMJ (1987)

During 1985 many drug abusers who lived in Edinburgh were found to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As a result an alternative counselling and screening clinic for testing for antibodies to HIV was established for use by drug abusers. Four hundred and forty one patients were counselled in the first year, and over 60% were either drug abusers or their sexual contacts. One hundred and fourteen (26%) patients were positive for HIV antibody, and 100 (88%) of these were current or former drug abusers. The HIV seropositivity rate in drug abusers was 52% but was only 7% in their sexual contacts. Services were provided for these people as well as counselling before and after the test. The cost of this counselling service for the first year was 27,000 pounds or 61.22 pounds per patient. The unexpected mobility of 23% of the Edinburgh drug abusers, particularly to other areas of Britain, suggests that similar services need to be set up elsewhere.