tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of insulin resistance with depression: cross sectional findings from the British women's heart and health study
Authors: D. A Lawlor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A large cohort study of nearly 15 000 individuals found that indicators of insulin sensitivity were associated with increased risk of suicide. 1 The authors assumed that insulin resistance was the key factor responsible.Insulin resistance is a determinant of free fatty acids in the blood, which are in turn important in tryptophan metabolism and brain serotonin concentrations. 2 3Individuals who are insulin resistant may therefore have higher serotonin concentrations and as a result be less likely to be depressed. 1We know of no previous study that has assessed the association between insulin resistance and depression in humans.
Association of acquired von Willebrand syndrome with AL amyloidosis
Authors: Cynthia A. Kos, Jennifer E. Ward, Karim Malek, Vaishali Sanchorawala, Daniel G. Wright, Carl O'Hara, Lawreen Connors, Martha Skinner, David C. Seldin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Acquired loss of functional von Willebrand factor (VWF) has been termed the acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). AVWS is a rare adult‐onset bleeding diathesis that is clinically similar to congenital von Willebrand disease (VWD), and occurs with a variety of autoimmune, lymphoproliferative, or myeloproliferative disorders. We have identified four patients with AVWS in association with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis. These patients, lacking any pre‐existing or family history of abnormal bleeding, developed cutaneous, mucosal, or gastrointestinal bleeding in the course of their disease without deficiency of clotting factor X or other factors; the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was prolonged in three out of the four cases. Despite normal VWF antigen levels, VWF ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) was low. Electrophoresis patterns of high molecular weight (HMW) VWF multimers were abnormal in two of the four cases. Two of the patients were treated with high‐dose intravenous melphalan followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM/SCT) and achieved hematologic remission. In these two patients, the bleeding diathesis improved and the coagulation parameters normalized, confirming a causal relationship between the plasma cell dyscrasia and the AVWS. AVWS should be considered in AL amyloidosis patients with hemorrhagic diatheses and normal clotting factor levels. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health Promotion in Canada: Provincial, National and International Perspectives
Authors: A. M. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ann Pederson, Michel O'Neill, Irving Rootman Saunders Canada, pounds sterling20, pp 401 ISBN 0 920513 09 3

In the health promotion world, the cognoscenti still talk wistfully about life “before Ottawa” and “after Ottawa.” Something happened at an international conference in the Canadian capital in 1986 that changed the face of health promotion for ever.

The Ottawa charter was a consensus statement setting out the fundamentals of what health promotion should really be about in the late 20th century, and it heralded a sea change in the way we think about and practise health promotion.

Hitherto the emphasis had been on the individual and his or her risk factors—a …
DANGER IN ADMINISTRATION OF HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Alex A. Sokol
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, July 21, page 192, appeared a current comment treating with the administration of human serum and advising caution in its administration. The article made reference to a recent California case that cost the life of a young boy. A footnote stated that the tragedy was occasioned by the incapability of the technician. I am the technician who prepared the serum, and in justice to yourself and to me I believe you should be advised of the outcome of the investigation that followed the death. A coroner's jury composed of reputable physicians from all parts of this county returned a verdict exonerating me from liability and attributing the contamination of the serum to undetermined causes. It is true that they recommended state supervision of all laboratories engaged in making serum, but they did not in any manner lay the blame for this most unfortunate happening
Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Raymond C. Stierer
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the long-awaited update on the recommendations for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis by the American Heart Association.<sup>1</sup>We were somewhat perplexed by the recommendation of the committee to use erythromycin ethylsuccinate and erythromycin stearate as opposed to the traditional erythromycin base. The authors recommended these products because of more rapid and reliable absorption than other erythromycin formulations, resulting in higher and more sustained serum levels. We would like to comment on the rates of absorption of the various products, interpretation of the serum levels, and, finally, the dosage of the ethylsuccinate ester. The stearate salt is hydrolyzed in the duodenum and then absorbed as the active free base. The biologically inactive erythromycin ethylsuccinate ester is absorbed intact and then hydrolyzed in the bloodstream to the active free base.<sup>2</sup>While it is true that the rate of absorp
Pumping for gestural origins: The well may be rather dry
Authors: Rick Dale, Daniel C. Richardson, Michael J. Owren
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Corballis's explanation for right-handedness in humans relies heavily on the gestural protolanguage hypothesis, which he argues for by a series of “intuition pumps.” Scrutinizing the mirror system hypothesis and modern gesture as components of the argument, we find that they do not provide the desired evidence of a gestural precursor to speech.
Dr Wouter Basson cleared of murder of apartheid opponents
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

“Dr Death,” the South African cardiologist Dr Wouter Basson, so dubbed by the local press for his supposed role in the deaths of antiapartheid activists, has been acquitted of charges of murder and fraud in a high profile trial which has lasted over two years.

Dr Basson headed the chemical and biological weapons programme for the apartheid government's defence force and was acquitted on charges relating to activities during those years.

The acquittal has been regarded as hugely controversial and has prompted calls for a revision of the judicial system, which has seen several high officials of the past government …
696 Simultaneous presence of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 and tumor necrosis factor promoter gene polymorphisms associates with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: M.V. Machado, A. Martins, H. Cortez-Pinto, R. Almeida, P. Marques-Vidal, M.S. Gonçalves, M. Carneiro de Moura, M.E. Camilo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
THE DISCOVERY OF VACCINATION.
Authors: JEROME COCHRAN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Great is the name of Jenner. It marks an important historical epoch. Before Jenner, smallpox was king—king in the palace and in the hovel—king all the time and everywhere. In civilized Europe it claimed annually many hecatombs of human lives. After Jenner vaccination was king, and under the protection of its invulnerable armor men and women were enabled to walk in the midst of pestilence with impunity. Such and so great was this man's discovery. No wonder that his fame comes to us resounding down the corridors of time. No wonder that in the catalogue of great doctors he stands out in bold relief as one of the greatest. He has, perhaps, done more for the salvation of human lives than any other man that ever lived. But a truce to panegyrics, and now to our problems. Smallpox is the type of specific infectious diseases. It runs a definite course,
445 INHIBITION OF HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IX ENHANCES HEXOKINASE II INHIBITOR-INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELL APOPTOSIS
Authors: J.H. Yoon, S.J. Myung, G.Y. Gwak, S.J. Yu, Y.J. Jung, H.S. Lee, J.S. Lee, Y.J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
495. Transfer of LEDGF to the Mouse Retina Via Systemic AAV Vector Administration
Authors: Lyudmyla G. Glushakova, Marina Gorbatuyk, Yuanging Lu, Sihong Song, Min Zheng, Toshimichi Shinohara, William W. Hauswirth
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Administration of AAV vector into small rodent eyes, because of the large injection volumes relative to the size of the eye, may damage and/or evoke stress responses not seen in larger eyes. In order to test the therapeutic usefulness of lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) in murine models of retinal degeneration, we employed two alternative, systemic routes of vector administration, either intra-muscular or intra-peritoneal. The vector included a LEDGF-GFP fusion transgene under CMV promoter regulation and was packaged into serotype 5 AAV particles. 10exp12 AAV5.CMV.EGFP-LEDGF particles were injected intra- muscularly (IM) into the each caudal muscle of the pelvic limb of rd12 mice at PN30, and 4X10exp12 particles were injected intra-peritoneally (IP) into rd12 or rd10 mice at PN3-5 or PN30. Accumulation of LEDGF-GFP protein in retinas was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and western-blot hybridization using both GFP and LEDGF antibodies. Liver, kidney, spleen, lung and heart were also analyzed by western-blotting and RT PCR to more completely determine the distribution of LEDGF-GFP expression/production. Rd10 mice injected IP (n=3) and the control counterparts of the same age were tested by scotopic ERG. Both IP and IM AAV-vectored LEDGF-GFP transgene administration resulted in protein accumulation in retinas of either Rd12 or Rd10 mice at all ages tested. GFP positive signals were detected in retinal blood vessels 1week post-injection. GFP reactivity was sporadically seen in cells of the retinal proper at the later times. LEDGF-GFP was also seen in livers when vector was delivered IM and in liver and kidney after IP administration. Preliminary ERG results provide evidence for functional rescue in rd10 mice treated at PN30, but as yet no evidence of the morphological improvement has been noted. Me conclude that both, IM and IP AAV-vectored transgene administration are effective routes for transferring LEDGF to the murine retina. The LEDGF-GFP fusion protein was found in retinal blood vessels by1week post-injection with an increase of sporadically positive retinal cells at later times. Given the history of liver expression of systemic AAV-delivered transgenes and our detection of LEDGF transgene product there, the liver is the most likely target for the AAV-vectored protein production following an IP route of administration. WWH and the University of Florida own equity in a company, Applied Genetic Technologies Corp. that may commercialize some of the technology described in this work.
Extended Mechanical Circulatory Support With a Continuous-Flow Rotary Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Francis D. Pagani, Leslie W. Miller, Stuart D. Russell, Keith D. Aaronson, Ranjit John, Andrew J. Boyle, John V. Conte, Roberta C. Bogaev, Thomas E. MacGillivray, Yoshifumi Naka, Donna Mancini, H. Todd Massey, Leway Chen, Charles T. Klodell, Juan M. Aranda, Nader Moazami, Gregory A. Ewald, David J. Farrar, O. Howard Frazier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Commentary: Sodium and blood pressure in the Intersalt study and other studies--in reply to the Salt Institute
Authors: J. Stamler, P. Elliott, A. R Dyer, R. Stamler, H. Kesteloot, M. Marmot
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The Salt Institute continues to misrepresent the findings of Intersalt (and other studies) on salt and blood pressure, and the availability of Intersalt data. It not only incorrectly attempts to discredit the Intersalt finding that average population salt intake is positively related to slope of blood pressure with age1; it also ignores or misrepresents two other important results—the positive relations between sodium excretion of individuals and their blood pressure (found in over 10 000 adults), and the positive association of average population sodium intake with average blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension across the 52 populations in the Intersalt study. The institute's statement that “the primary Intersalt hypotheses were largely negative” is incorrect.

The Salt Institute was clearly not happy with the implications of the original Intersalt findings on salt intake and blood pressure slope with age—an additional 9 mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure over 30 years (for example, from age 25 to 55) for an additional 100 mmol population sodium intake. It therefore requested that the Intersalt group perform several additional analyses on the slope of blood pressure with age, using statistical methods suggested by the institute.

These were done, and all analyses again showed a significant relation of average population salt intake (as assessed by average 24 hour urinary sodium excretion) and population blood pressure slope with age.2 The analyses included those that had controlled for pressure in young adults (ages 20-29). Findings were similar to the original results: the higher the population salt intake, the greater the upward slope of blood pressure with age—for all 52 population samples and also when the four low sodium samples were excluded (fig 1). These findings were made …
An unexplained case of elevated blood lead in a Hispanic child.
Authors: Larry K Lowry, Debra C Cherry, Charles F Brady, Barbara Huggins, Anita M D'Sa, Jeffrey L Levin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

A 6-month-old child presented to a local pediatrician with an elevated blood lead level (BLL) of 41 microg/dL. The child was treated as an outpatient for chelation therapy by a toxicologist. Subsequent BLLs obtained at 8 and 13 months of age were 40 microg/dL and 42 microg/dL, respectively. Siblings and family members had BLLs &lt; 5 microg/dL except for the mother, who had a BLL of 14 microg/dL when the child was 6 months of age. Home inspections and phone calls to the family revealed no sources of lead from paint, dust, toys, mini-blinds, keys, food, water, or any take-home exposure. The family denied use of folk remedies such as Greta and Azarcon. The child was breast-fed, but the mother's BLL was not sufficiently high to explain the elevated BLL in the child. Housekeeping was excellent. The mother did admit to cooking beans in Mexican pottery (pieces found outside were positive for lead), but she discontinued use after the initial lead check at 6 months. The bean pot was not a likely source, as none of the family had elevated BLLs including a 5-year-old sister. Follow-up testing of blood lead when the child was 15 months of age revealed values of 28 microg/dL for the child and 9 microg/dL for the mother. Subsequent testing of the child shows a slow decline. The slow release of lead suggests depletion of bone stores acquired during pregnancy, possibly due to pica behavior of the mother during pregnancy.
Increase in Concentration of Waking Salivary Cortisol in Recovered Patients With Depression
Authors: Zubin Bhagwagar, Sepehr Hafizi, Philip J. Cowen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with elevated plasma cortisol levels is characteristic of acute major depression. However, it is unclear whether HPA axis abnormalities are present in fully recovered patients. An increase in salivary cortisol levels after waking provides a simple, dynamic measure of HPA axis activity. The authors measured this increase in recovered depressed patients and in a healthy comparison group. METHOD: Salivary cortisol levels were measured upon waking and at 15-minute intervals for the next hour in 31 medication-free, recovered depressed patients and in 31 matched healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS: The increase in salivary cortisol levels that followed waking was significantly higher in the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Greater secretion of cortisol may be present in depressed subjects after clinical recovery and withdrawal of medication. This may put patients at risk of further episodes of depression as well as comorbid medical conditions, such as coronary heart disease.
The new European Respiratory Journal: alive and kicking
Authors: M. Decramer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

As of January 1 2001, the start of the new millennium, the new European Respiratory Journal (ERJ) was born, because this is the first year that we publish the ERJ in full ownership and with full responsibility for the production process. We are confident that because of the year long preparation and the dedicated staff in Sheffield this event will pass by unnoticed by the members of the Society and the subscribers to the Journal. We are convinced that the Journal you will receive this year will be better than the Journal produced during the past years. This is primarily the result of the hard work of both our Editorial Board and our staff in Sheffield. The improvement of our product is related to several aspects.

The Journal has been distributed on-line since May 2000. It is easily accessible through the European Respiratory Society (ERS) website and presently access is free. From June 2001, access will be limited to members only. We are planning to drastically increase the functionality of this on-line Journal in the next few years. This will be done through the installation of services such as automatic e‐mail alert, hyperlinks and reference cross-links. We will attempt to follow the fast evolution of publishing on-line and we will work with the best partners in the field. These developments will improve access to the Journal and help the members of the Society to make even better use of their Journal.

The performance indicators of manuscript handling have improved considerably during the last year. This is largely due to a simplified manuscript handling scheme. Figure 1⇓ shows the evolution of the number of manuscripts submitted to the ERJ during the past years. As can be seen this number increased substantially during the last decade. During the …
Hysterectomy and sexual wellbeing: Data were misrepresented
Authors: W. H Parker
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Is the NHS getting better or worse? Making use of information is the keyEditor-Smith in his editorial indicates that the NHS needs to gather more information. 1lthough more information is a common call from researchers and policy makers alike, it can lead to change only if it is used (presumably we collect information so that if the NHS is doing well we can all sit back and relax, if not it's time to try something new).The recent opinion piece from Alan Maynard in the Sunday Times makes it clear that information that is currently collected is typically poorly used in the NHS. 2 What use is a new agency to collate information if it still isn't used?We need to make sure that information gathering doesn't simply stop there, and that information will lead to real change.
Defective glucose counterregulation after subcutaneous insulin in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Paradoxical suppression of glucose utilization and lack of compensatory increase in glucose production, roles of insulin resistance, abnormal neuroendocrine responses, and islet paracrine interactions.
Authors: G B Bolli, E Tsalikian, M W Haymond, P E Cryer, J E Gerich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To characterize glucose counterregulatory mechanisms in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and to test the hypothesis that the increase in glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia occurs primarily via a paracrine islet A-B cell interaction, we examined the effects of a subcutaneously injected therapeutic dose of insulin (0.15 U/kg) on plasma glucose kinetics, rates of glucose production and utilization, and their relationships to changes in the circulating concentrations of neuroendocrine glucoregulatory factors (glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol), as well as to changes in endogenous insulin secretion in 13 nonobese NIDDM patients with no clinical evidence of autonomic neuropathy. Compared with 11 age-weight matched nondiabetic volunteers in whom euglycemia was restored primarily by a compensatory increase in glucose production, in the diabetics there was no compensatory increase in glucose production (basal 2.08 +/- 0.04----1.79 +/- 0.07 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h in diabetics vs. basal 2.06 +/- 0.04----2.32 +/- 0.11 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.01) despite the fact that plasma insulin concentrations were similar in both groups (peak values 22 +/- 2 vs. 23 +/- 2 microU/ml in diabetics and nondiabetics, respectively). This abnormality in glucose production was nearly completely compensated for by a paradoxical decrease in glucose utilization after injection of insulin (basal 2.11 +/- 0.03----1.86 +/- 0.06 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h in diabetics vs. basal 2.08 +/- 0.04----2.39 +/- 0.11 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h nondiabetics, P less than 0.01), which could not be accounted for by differences in plasma glucose concentrations; the net result was a modest prolongation of hypoglycemia. Plasma glucagon (area under the curve [AUC] above base line, 12 +/- 3 vs. 23 +/- 3 mg/ml X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05), cortisol (AUC 2.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.7 mg/dl X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05), and growth hormone (AUC 1.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05) responses in the diabetics were decreased 50% while their plasma norepinephrine responses (AUC 49 +/- 12 vs. 21 +/- 5 ng/ml X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05) were increased twofold (P less than 0.05) and their plasma epinephrine responses were similar to those of the nondiabetics (AUC 106 +/- 17 vs. 112 +/- 10 ng/ml X 12 h in nondiabetics). In both groups of subjects, increases in plasma glucagon were inversely correlated with plasma glucose concentrations (r = -0.80 in both groups, P less than 0.01) and suppression of endogenous insulin secretion (r = -0.57 in nondiabe
Anecdotes, omniscience, and associative learning in examining the theory of mind
Authors: Steven M. Green, David L. Wilson, Siân Evans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

We suggest that anecdotes have evidentiary value in interpreting nonhuman primate behavior. We also believe that any outcome from the experiments proposed by Heyes can be interpreted as a product of previous experience with trainers or as associative learning using the experimental cues. No potential outcome is clearcut evidence for or against the theory of mind proposition.
Prescription and Proscription
Authors: Franz J. Ingelfinger, Joseph J. Elia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

IN 1967, readers of the 12th edition of the CecilLoeb-Beeson-McDermott Textbook of Medicine could find an unusual announcement facing page one. Although "Extraordinary efforts have been made... to insure that dosage recommendations are precise," the notice stated, "it is urged... that you check the manufacturer's product information data for approved dosage..." It was a strange disclaimer, especially since, as one writer pointed out, "such a disclaimer destroys the intrinsic medical value of the entire book or periodical."1 The "approved dosage" to which the textbook yielded its authority was, and is, that listed in the package insert the pharmaceutical manufacturer distributes . . .