tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quality of Care for Comorbid Conditions During the Transition to Survivorship: Differences Between Cancer Survivors and Noncancer Controls
Authors: Claire F. Snyder, Kevin D. Frick, Robert J. Herbert, Amanda L. Blackford, Bridget A. Neville, Antonio C. Wolff, Michael A. Carducci, Craig C. Earle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Building on previous research documenting differences in preventive care quality between cancer survivors and noncancer controls, this study examines comorbid condition care.Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) -Medicare database, we examined comorbid condition quality of care in patients with locoregional breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer diagnosed in 2004 who were age ≥ 66 years at diagnosis, who had survived ≥ 3 years, and who were enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare. Controls were frequency matched to cases on age, sex, race, and region. Quality of care was assessed from day 366 through day 1,095 postdiagnosis using published indicators of chronic (n = 10) and acute (n = 19) condition care. The proportion of eligible cancer survivors and controls who received recommended care was compared by using Fisher's exact tests. The chronic and acute indicators, respectively, were then combined into single logistic regression models for each cancer type to compare survivors' care receipt to that of controls, adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic variables and controlling for within-patient variation.The sample matched 8,661 cancer survivors to 17,322 controls (mean age, 75 years; 65% male; 85% white). Colorectal cancer survivors were less likely than controls to receive appropriate care on both the chronic (odds ratio [OR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.95) and acute (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.85) indicators. Prostate cancer survivors were more likely to receive appropriate chronic care (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.38) but less likely to receive quality acute care (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.87). Breast cancer survivors received care equivalent to controls on both the chronic (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.17) and acute (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.13) indicators.Because we found differences by cancer type, research exploring factors associated with these differences in care quality is needed.
Reading Disability in Children-Reply
Authors: Sally E. Shaywitz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  Dr Coles' comments do not seem to address any of the elements of our study (the sample, statistical analysis, or conclusion): his disagreement with us seems to be primarily philosophic. Dr Coles apparently believes that reading disability is the result of defective school practices. In addition to neglecting the most basic body of literature relating to brain function, Dr Coles' notion fails to explain why, in contrast to the overwhelming majority exposed to the same educational practices, only a small minority of children in any particular class fail to learn to read.  Abundant evidence from many lines of investigation supports the belief that reading disability, or dyslexia, results from a disturbance in the function of specific brain regions, particularly those affecting language. The intimacy of the reading process to language has been demonstrated repeatedly. Poor readers have an increased incidence of delayed speech and, even later on, disabled
The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States
Authors: Virginia A. Sadock
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This survey of sexual practices in the United States has been combed by the media for items of interest to the public: monogamous sex is much more widespread in this country than has been thought; infidelity is less frequent than presumed; vaginal intercourse is the defining experience of heterosexual behavior; watching one's partner undress is stimulating to many people; married couples have more sex than single people (unmarried, cohabiting couples have the most sex of all); the majority of couples experience sex twice a week to several times a month; 2.8% of men identify themselves as homosexual and 1.4% of women do so, but a higher percentage of people consider a same-gender experience to have some appeal; 75% of men always experience orgasm compared with 28.6% of women, but more nearly equal numbers of men and women declare themselves satisfied with their sexual experiences. The book is, in fact, a
PTSD in Haiti
Authors: Rebecca Ann Oberg
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of supine and lateral positions on cardiac output and intracardiac pressures: an experimental study.
Authors: S Nakao, P C Come, M J Miller, S Momomura, P Sahagian, B J Ransil, W Grossman
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Hemodynamic measurements in human subjects and in experimental animals are generally made in the supine position; not much attention is paid to potential beneficial or harmful effects of right or left lateral positions on cardiac output or other hemodynamic variables. To evaluate the potential influence of such positional changes on cardiac performance, we measured cardiac output and left and right ventricular pressures (with micromanometer catheters) in anesthetized experimental animals (eight dogs and nine pigs) in the supine, right lateral, and left lateral positions. Cardiac output increased from supine to left lateral (mean +/- SD, 2.6 +/- 0.9 to 3.1 +/- 1.0 liters/min; p less than .001) and from supine to right lateral positions (2.6 +/- 0.9 to 3.1 +/- 1.1 liters/min; p less than .001). There was an associated decrease in arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference from supine to left lateral position (31 +/- 8% to 24 +/- 4%; p less than .001) and from supine to right lateral position (32 +/- 9% to 25 +/- 6%; p less than .001). Left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures increased from supine to left lateral (128 +/- 17/9 +/- 2 to 147 +/- 19/16 +/- 4 mm Hg; both p less than .001) and from supine to right lateral positions (128 +/- 19/9 +/- 2 to 141 +/- 16/16 +/- 7 mm Hg; p less than .01 and p less than .001, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Late hemodynamic evaluation of Hancock Modified orifice aortic bioprosthesis.
Authors: J M Craver, S B King, J S Douglas, R H Franch, E L Jones, D C Morris, J Kopchak, C R Hatcher
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Nineteen patients with Hancock Modified Orifice prosthesis (HMO-250), size 19 to 23 mm, were recatheterized 6 to 16 months following aortic valve replacement (AVR). Although hemodynamic characteristics varied widely, HMO-250 compared favorably to the standard model 243 (less than 0.05). Mean peak resting gradient across HMO-250 was 14.8 torr at rest and rose to 26.8 torr with exercise. Systolic gradients for HMO-250, both resting and exercise, were improved for 21 mm (p less than 0.01), but not for 23 mm. Increasing the patient's body surface area (BSA) correlated with increasing gradients for 23 mm (p less than 0.05), but was unrelated to 21 mm. Effective orifice areas were similarly found to be improved with 21 mm HMO-250 but unchanged for 23 mm. Use of the 21 or 23 mm size HMO for AVR is supported only when the patient's body surface area is less than 1.8 m2. If the body surface area is greater than 1.8 m2, annulus enlargement and a larger size bioprosthesis should be employed. Use of 19 mm porcine xenograft for AVR is not supported.
A Case of Starvation
Authors: T. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1877)

by her friends was that she was strange in her head, had been slightly delirious at night for some two or three nights, and had talkednonsense by day as well; that she took very little food and vomited frequently.Her own account of herself was given me with much precision: she remembered dates and facts accurately; and, as I found afterwards, her history of her past and present illness corresponded with the accounts given by those with whom she had lived.She had been laid up in her situation for more than a week, but had had no diarrhcea: her chief complaints had been pain in her head and back, and almost constant sickness after every kind of food; her cata- menia had been irregular for some months.She was aware that her back was rather bent, and that she stooped in consequence of it, but was sure that this had only taken place in the course of the last eighteen months.She had been housemaid to a family where a good deal of water had to be carried upstairs for baths ; and a year and a half pre- viously she had fallen upstairs while carrying two heavy water-cans, and then strained her back severely.She was able to continue at her work that same day, but was shortly afterwards laid up with pain and tenderness in her back; and then left her place, returning home to her mother s house, where she was laid up in bed fqr three months.During those three months, she was paraplegic; and her account of this para- plegia was as precise as could be; thus, first she had hyperaesthesia in the right leg, then loss of power of motion in the same leg; and, with-
ABC of AIDS. Range and natural history of infection.
Authors: M W Adler
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Infection with the human immunodeficency virus (HIV) can produce a very varied clinical picture ranging from an acute seroconversion illness to full blown AIDS many years later.  Infection may be asymptomatic or symptomatic.  Acute infection following 1st exposure to the virus is usually asymptomatic and may occur up to 6 weeks after the contact.  When symptoms do occur they are often nonspecific.  A glandular fever-like illness has been described at the time of the acute seroconversion.  The patient suffers from fever malaise lethargy myalgia arthralgia lymphadenopathy and sore throat.  A positive test to HIV indicates only that a person has been exposed to the virus and not that he or she has gained any natural immunity.  Chronic infection may also be asymptomatic.  The clinical features described consist of cytopenias minor opportunistic infections and skin conditions lymphadenopathy and the AIDS related complex.  The lymphadenopathy seen in chronic infection has been termed the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome (PGL).  Several series of patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy have been studied prospectively for a number of years.  The proportion with the syndrome who progress to AIDS varies from 10 to 30% but the proportion increases the longer the patients are followed up.  The 2 main clinical manifestations of AIDS are tumours and a series of opportunistic infections.  Kaposis sarcoma is the commonest original tumour described.  Most patients in the US and the UK present originally with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia followed by other opportunistic infections and Kaposis sarcoma.  The many opportunistic infections associated with AIDS affect virtually any body system.  The median survival of patients after diagnosis of AIDS varies with the presenting manifestation.
REVIVED ACTIVITY OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Simon Flexner, Harold L. Amoss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

A strain of the virus of poliomyelitis has been described which has passed through several stages of virulence as tested upon monkeys. The first stage consisted of the adaptation of the original human virus to the monkey. In this process high virulence was readily achieved. The adapted, virulent strain of virus was passed regularly through monkeys and maintained its activity for about 3 years, when diminution became apparent. The loss of power of the virus was such that it may be said to have returned approximately to the level of the original human virus. This change constituted the second stage. The third stage is represented by recovery of the high virulence. This revival occurred, it seems, during the sojourn of the virus in glycerol and required several years for its consummation. It was first noticed nearly 6 years after the low level of the second stage became established. The potent virus of the third stage has been found to remain active over a period of at least 4 years while preserved in glycerol. What constitutes at least a superficial resemblance between the wave-like rises and falls of the incidence of epidemic poliomyelitis and the phenomena of increase and decrease in virulence of the specimen of virus has been alluded to. The two processes differ, however, essentially in respect to the time factor, since the fluctuations of the epidemic wave occupy small and those of the virulence occupy large increments of time.
A New Disease?—Autointoxication?
Authors: Nina R. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Homer, Neb., Oct. 30, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It was with much interest I read the article of Dr. W. E. Clark of Frederick, S. D., inThe Journal, Oct. 12, 1907, p. 1295, describing a number of cases of a new disease which he had seen. I saw my first case, similar to those he described, about the middle of July, and since that time I have seen a great many, but none for the past month. The majority of cases were in young adults. Neither milk nor any excess in diet could be held accountable. The symptoms were the same as described by Dr. Clark. In one case, in which the patient was wildly delirious, there was a temperature of 104 F. In all the cases, when the headache subsided, the patients felt very comfortable, as it was the most painful feature of their illness. The bowels usually
Effects of Oxygen Inhalation on Endogenous Erythropoietin Kinetics, Erythropoiesis, and Properties of Blood Cells in Sickle-Cell Anemia
Authors: Stephen H. Embury, Joseph F. Garcia, Narla Mohandas, Rukmani Pennathur-Das, Margaret R. Clark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The role of oxygen therapy in sickle-cell anemia is not established, and its effects on erythropoiesis and on the rheologic properties of sickled erythrocytes are controversial. When three patients with sickle-cell anemia who were not in crisis or infected breathed oxygen at a rate of 5 liters per minute continuously through nasal prongs for five days, there was a rapid decline in erythropoietin levels that had initially been elevated, a delayed fall in the number of reticulocytes, and a fall in the number of irreversibly sickled cells, which, in two of the subjects, preceded the suppression of reticulocytosis. After cessation of oxygen therapy, erythropoietin levels and the number of irreversibly sickled cells increased promptly, followed by an increase in the number of reticulocytes. Calculated erythropoietin half-lives were 1.51 to 2.92 hours, and clearances were 43 to 84 ml per minute during oxygen administration. These are normal values. In two subjects, the number of irreversibly sickled cells rose to exceed base-line values after oxygen therapy was discontinued, and both subjects had acute painful episodes at this time. We conclude that in patients with sickle-cell anemia, substantial changes in erythropoiesis and in the rheologic properties of blood occur in association with oxygen inhalation and that when oxygen therapy is administered to such patients, it should be given intermittently rather than continuously. (N Engl J Med 1984; 311:291–5.)
Muscular Weakness After Prolonged Ingestion of Thyroid
Authors: R. C. B. Aitken, P. J. O'Connor
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Winkler et al. (1943) found that certain non-myx- oedematous patients tolerated up to 6 gr. (0.4 g.) of thyroid daily for long periods of time without effect on the B.M.R.The total length of treatment was shorter than the 17 years described in this case, and again was intermittent.Further, their conclusions were based on estimations of the B.M.R., and they point out that this measurement varied considerably even in the intervals when no thyroid treatment was given.They suggested that the euthyroid subject has the ability to inactivate thyroid substance, but the patient with myxoedema fails to do this.From the case described it seems that myxoedema can appear in a previously normal subject if the admini- stration of thyroid is prolonged, and the most likely explanation may be failure to produce T.S.H.
"Pulseless Disease" Complicating Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: William J. Heidenberg
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE SIGNS and symptoms of the uncommon condition known as "pulseless disease" (aortic arch syndrome) are dependent on the location of the vascular occlusions and the adequacy of the collateral circulation.<sup>1</sup>The "subclavian steal syndrome" and signs of carotid artery insufficiency may be appreciated if the appropriate vessels are involved. In addition, claudication of muscles supplied by involved blood vessels may be noted.<sup>2,3</sup> A case of a young woman with Hodgkin's disease who developed "pulseless disease" is presented. A possible relationship to radiotherapy given for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease is suggested. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 21-year-old, married, white secretary was referred to the Tumor Service of the US Public Health Service Hospital, Baltimore, on Oct 14, 1953. A chest film taken elsewhere in March 1953 demonstrated mediastinal widening. Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy was detected in October 1953; a lymph node biopsy was diagnostic of Hodgkin's granuloma. Upper extremity
Abstract 2769: The development of 19-substituted benzoquinone ansamycins as potential anticancer drugs
Authors: Chuan-Hsin Chang, Russell Kitson, David Siegel, Christopher J. Moody, David Ross
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Benzoquinone ansamycins (BQA's) were the first class of Hsp90 inhibitors developed but the use of the prototype agent geldanamycin was limited by hepatotoxicity. One major mechanism of toxicity of the BQA class is manifested via the electrophilic properties of the quinone and alkylation of cellular nucleophiles at the 19-position. We developed novel 19-substituted BQA's in the geldanamycin (GA), 17-AAG and 17-DMAG series as a means to prevent arylation of cellular nucleophiles. 19-substituted BQA's inhibited recombinant Hsp90 and did not react with thiols at the 19-position while marked thiol reactivity could be detected using their parent quinones. We examined the effects of different substitution patterns at the 19-position on the ability of BQAs to inhibit Hsp90 and induce growth inhibitory effects in breast cancer cell lines. We found that both 19-phenyl and 19-methyl BQA's in the 17-AAG, 17-DMAG and GA series were effective inhibitors of purified Hsp90 as demonstrated using an ATPase assay particularly in the presence of NQO1 to generate the hydroquinone ansamycin. Only 19-phenyl substituted BQAs were effective growth inhibitory agents in breast cancer cell lines using an MTT assay while 19-methyl substituted BQAs in the GA, 17-AAG and 17-DMAG series demonstrated only modest growth inhibition. The growth inhibitory effects of 19-phenyl BQAs were potentiated in cells containing high NQO1. Notably, 19-phenyl DMAG had similar growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects as its parent quinone, DMAG. These data demonstrate that the 19-phenyl BQAs had marked growth inhibitory, apoptotic, and client protein expression effect in breast cancer cells compared to 19-methyl BQAs (Supported by CA 51210). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2769. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2769
Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Due to Restoration of E2A Activity in T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Steven T. Park, Garry P. Nolan, Xiao-Hong Sun
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Two models have been proposed for the molecular mechanism by which the Tal1 oncogene causes T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The activation model suggests that Tal1 as heterodimers with the E2A transcription factor activates the expression of oncogenes. The inhibition model postulates that Tal1 interferes with the tumor-suppressing function of E2A. In the Jurkat T cell line, originally derived from a patient with T-ALL, Tal1 is complexed with E2A proteins and the transcriptional activity of E2A is very low. When E2A activity was restored by expressing an E2A–Tal1 fusion protein, E-T/2, the Jurkat cells underwent growth arrest and subsequently apoptosis, thus supporting the inhibition model and suggesting that E2A loss may contribute to leukemic progression.
The effects of cyclosporine on acute murine Coxsackie B3 myocarditis.
Authors: J B O'Connell, E A Reap, J A Robinson
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The effects of the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine were studied in the murine model of Coxsackie B3 myocarditis. Ten BALB/c mice, given daily cyclosporine (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally but not infected, were normal in all respects after 2 weeks. All 32 BALB/c mice infected, but given no cyclosporine, survived and had moderate myocardial mononuclear infiltrates and minimal necrosis at 7 and 14 days. In contrast, 24 mice concurrently infected and given cyclosporine had a high mortality rate (75%) and a significantly attenuated mononuclear infiltrate in the presence of enhanced necrosis when compared with control infected mice. Sixteen mice started on the drug 1 week after infection had a lower mortality rate (55%), but very similar histologic abnormalities. In contrast to negligible or no virus in the hearts of infected mice that were not given cyclosporine, drug treated, infected groups had easily detectable virus in their hearts 14 days after infection. An identical study in Swiss ICR mice yielded similar results. Cyclosporine, when given early during acute murine Coxsackie B3 myocarditis, causes a significant increase in myocardial necrosis and mortality, possibly secondary to enhanced viral survival.