tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Model-based Assessment of Autonomic Control in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome during Sleep
Authors: Javier A. Jo, Anna Blasi, Edwin Valladares, Ricardo Juarez, Ahmet Baydur, Michael C. K. Khoo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Respiration, R-R interval, blood pressure, and other polysomnographic variables were recorded in eight normal subjects and nine patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in wakefulness and sleep. To increase respiratory and cardiovascular variability, a computer-controlled ventilator delivered randomly modulated inspiratory pressures that were superimposed on a baseline continuous positive airway pressure. A mathematical model allowed heart rate variability to be partitioned into a component mediated by respiratory-cardiac coupling and one mediated by the baroreflexes. Respiratory-cardiac coupling gain was lower in patients versus normal subjects (36.9 +/- 3.3 versus 66.1 +/- 5.6 milliseconds L-1, p < 0.03). Baroreflex gain in patients was also depressed relative to normal subjects (2.3 +/- 0.4 versus 4.9 +/- 0.7 milliseconds mm Hg-1; p < 0.02). Baroreflex gain increased two- to threefold from wakefulness to sleep in normal subjects, but was relatively unaffected by state change in patients. Along with results derived from spectral analysis of cardiovascular variability, these findings confirm previous reports that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with reduced parasympathetic and elevated sympathetic activity. The model-based approach provides a more precise characterization of heart rate variability that can be employed in conjunction with spectral analysis for the noninvasive detection and assessment of autonomic cardiovascular abnormality in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
TREATMENT OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA WITH TRICHLORETHYLENE
Authors: MARK ALBERT GLASER
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Trichlorethylene, a strong, sweet smelling white liquid, was used in Germany during the Great War for removing grease from the metal parts of machinery and was also contained in a varnish used to cover the supporting surfaces of airplanes. Plessner,<sup>1</sup>in 1915, presented before the Berlin Medical Society four workers suffering from the chronic effects of an acute poisoning. A study of these workers showed that they were exposed to trichlorethylene, and it was to this drug that these symptoms were attributed. Immediately following the exposure to this drug, these men developed vertigo, nausea, vomiting, swelling of the optic disks and bilateral anesthesia of the trigeminal area, without motor involvement. Within a few weeks, these acute symptoms subsided. At the time of Plessner's presentation, eight months had elapsed since their exposure. Clinically these men had a bilateral loss of sensation definitely confined to the trigeminal distribution of the face;
El Paso revisited. Epidemiologic follow-up of an environmental lead problem
Authors: D. L. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Increased lead absorption was found in 1972 in 56% of 256 children aged 1 to 18 years who lived within 1.6 km of a lead-emitting ore smeltery in El Paso, Tex. Engineering improvements have subsequently reduced emissions from the smeltery, and levels of lead in air, dust, and soil have declined. To evaluate the impact of these environmental improvements on lead absorption, we conducted a follow-up study in 1977 of blood lead levels in 140 children aged 1 through 18 years who lived within 1.6 km of the smeltery. Mean blood lead levels were found to have decreased from 41.4 to 17.7 μg/dL in children living within 0.8 km of the plant and from 31.2 to 20.2 μg/dL in children living at 0.8 to 1.6 km. These data argue for the feasibility of reducing children's lead absorption near primary lead smelteries. (<i>JAMA</i>242:739-741, 1979)
Left Ventricle as a Mixing Chamber
Authors: H. IRISAWA, M. F. WILSON, R. F. RUSHMER
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

It is generally assumed that blood is completely mixed while passing through a ventricular chamber. This assumption underlies use of indicator dilution technics for estimation of ventricular volume. In the left ventricle of the exposed canine heart, complete mixing of blood and injected saline during one cycle was rare, especially if the heart rate was in the normal range. Computations of absolute ventricular volume are subject to error if they are based on the assumption that indicator injected into the ventricular cavity becomes uniformly dispersed throughout the ventricular cavity before the end of diastole.
A CASE OF SCURVY, WITH UNUSUAL POVERTY OF THE BLOOD.
Authors: JAMES ELY TALLEY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>NARRATION OF CASE.</h3><h3>History.</h3> —W. G., white, single, age 32, bricklayer, was in the south of Cuba from August to December, helping in the erection of a mill. His condition when he went was good, as he had spent a vacation at the shore. He was a moderate user of alcoholic beverages, and never had any venereal disease. He was housed well enough, but the water was poor and the food distasteful in almost every respect. The beef that was killed in the morning was eaten for dinner and sometimes for breakfast. Vegetables were scarce, fruit apparently scarcer; and, as everything was cooked by a native cook in Spanish style, the patient could bring himself to eat hardly anything. There were forty men in the party and all but one were sick, usually with malaria or typhoid, although authoritative diagnoses are lacking, as the nearest physician was sixty miles away.
PROSTATITIS AND PROSTATIC ABSCESS.Read by Title in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: RICHARD H. HARTE
Journal: JAMA (1890)

In entering upon a study of certain pathological conditions of the prostate, there appears to exist a peculiar necessity for observing accurately its normal structure, conformation and anatomical relations with the rectum and the bladder on one hand and the urethra on the other. The prostate is commonly said to resemble a horse chestnut somewhat in shape and size, the small extremity being directed downwards and forward, and the base upwards and backwards, in the erect position of the body. The upper surface is directed forward to the deep perineal fascia which it touches. The base is smooth and rests on the rectum, to which it is connected by dense areolar fibrous tissue. When the prostate is thoroughly isolated from the surrounding parts by dissection, it presents something the shape of a truncated cone. The normal adult gland measures about one and one-half inches in its
Abstract 2176: Deletion of 3p14 is linked to ERG-fusion positive prostate cancers and harbors the FOXP1 tumor suppressor gene
Authors: Ronald Simon, Antje Krohn, Lia Burkhardt, Frederic Bachmann, Thorsten Schlomm, Thomas Steuber, Markus Gräfen, Guido Sauter, Sarah Minner, Hüseyin Sirma
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Genetic rearrangements involving 3p14 are frequent alterations in prostate cancer, affecting approximately 15-20% of tumors. Both the clinical significance and the tumor suppressor at 3p14 locus are currently unknown. We performed SNP array analysis of 72 primary prostate cancers and show a commonly deleted region at 3p14 in 14 (19%) of the tumors. Our data indicate the existence of a small, recurrent deletion in a significant fraction of prostate cancers harboring 8 genes only. Ten of 14 tumors with 3p14 deletions detected in our study included the FOXP1 locus. To estimate the prevalence and clinical significance of FOXP1 deletions, we analyzed a tissue microarray containing 4,699 prostate cancers with histopathological and clinical follow-up data. Heterozygous FOXP1 deletions were found in 15% of tumors, and were strongly associated with ERG-fusion positive cancers (p&amp;lt;0.0001). No homozygous deletions were detected. FOXP1 deletions were unrelated to tumor stage or Gleason grade. FOXP1 deletions were linked to early PSA recurrence in ERG-positive cancers (p=0.0576) but not in ERG negative tumors (p=0.5425). To better understand the association between ERG fusion and FOXP1 expression, we performed FOXP1 immunohistochemistry on our TMA. FOXP1 expression was found in virtually all (95%) prostate cancers, and was particularly strong in ERG-fusion positive tumors. This finding argues for an important role of FOXP1 in prostate cancer in general and for ERG fusion positive tumors in particular. Since FOXP1 is a transcriptional repressor, we hypothesized that upregulation might be a consequence of ERG activation in order to control transcription of ERG target genes. However, neither expression of ERG in LNCaP cells, or depletion of ERG in VCaP cells had an effect on FOXP1 mRNA levels, strongly arguing against a direct link between ERG and FOXP1 at least in the tested cell lines. In addition neither the transcription nor the steady state levels of FOXP1 protein were modulated by activation of AR signaling. Finally, colony formation assays in both benign and malignant prostate cell lines revealed that FOXP1 may act as a tumor suppressor. In summary, our study demonstrates that FOXP1 functions as one of the tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer that is targeted by genomic deletions at 3p14. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2176. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2176
Overdoses of Chloramphenicol
Authors: W. Leigh Thompson, Seth E. Anderson, James J. Lipsky, Paul S. Lietman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently, we have become aware of five patients who inadvertently received ten times the intended dose of chloramphenicol. In each of these cases, the origin of the problem was reported to be a misinterpretation of a new labeling of chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) sodium succinate vials. The first patient was a 70-year-old woman from Georgia who received an initial 20-gm dose and died 11 hours later. The second patient is a 26-year-old woman from Ohio who received an initial 1-gm dose followed in 7 and 12 hours by two 10-gm doses. Although she was well three hours after the last dose, five hours later severe shock quickly developed with low filling pressures, cyanosis, and coma. The patient responded slowly to fluids and dopamine, without residua. Plasma chloramphenicol measured by an enzymologic assay 5 1/2 hours after the last dose and during shock was 201μg/ml. The third patient is a
INTAKE OF MARINE FAT, RICH IN (n-3)-POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, MAY INCREASE BIRTHWEIGHT BY PROLONGING GESTATION
Authors: SjurdurF Olsen, ThorkildI.A Sørensen, NielsJ Secher, HaraldS Hansen, Benny Jensen, Steffen Sommer, LisbethB Knudsen
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Diagnosing serious bacterial infection in young febrile children
Authors: M. J. Thompson, A. V. d. Bruel
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Measuring vital signs and assessing a child’s overall state of illness are the priority

.In the linked prospective cohort study (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1594), Craig and colleagues present new evidence to guide clinicians who assess children with acute infections.1 Young children often attend emergency departments and primary care with acute infections.2 Most of these infections are self limiting, yet identifying the small proportion of children who have a serious or life threatening infection can be challenging and a source of great anxiety for parents.3 Although routine childhood vaccinations have decreased the incidence of serious bacterial infection (currently 1% in primary care, 20% in emergency departments), the consequences of misdiagnosing the most serious infections can be dire.4 5

We have reasonably good evidence for the diagnostic value of clinical features for conditions such as pneumonia and to a lesser extent meningitis,6 but for others such as urinary tract infections, we know little about which clinical features predict serious outcome.7 However, because children do not always present with discrete clinical conditions, more generic tools have been developed to identify those at greatest risk of serious illness. Some such as the Yale score have fallen from use, others such as the Manchester triage system have …
Type A behaviour and heart disease prevalent in men in the Caerphilly study.
Authors: J E Gallacher, J W Yarnell, P C Elwood, K M Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Discussion de travaux americains et presentation d'une etude faite a Caerphilly (Galles) concernant l'association d'un comportement de type A et d'une frequence elevee de cardiopathies ischemiques. L'association semble plus evidente en Amerique qu'en Europe
The Prevalence of ‘Alexithymic’ Characteristics in Psychosomatic Patients
Authors: P.E. Sifneos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

An attempt is made in this paper to investigate the prevalence among patients who suffer from various psychosomatic diseases, of a relative constriction in emotional functioning, poverty of fantasy life, and inability to find appropriate words to describe their emotions. For lack of a better term, I call these characteristics 'alexithymic'. Twenty-five psychosomatic patients outnumbered 25 control patients by better than two to one as far as possession of these 'alexithymic' characteristics. The question is raised whether these defects are due to biological or developmental factors, and the conclusion is reached that patients with these characteristics may not be good candidates for dynamic psychotherapy.
Induction of cross-reactive anti-dsDNA antibodies in preautoimmune NZB/NZW mice by immunization with bacterial DNA.
Authors: G S Gilkeson, A M Pippen, D S Pisetsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

To investigate the role of antigen drive in anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA production, the antibody response induced in lupus-prone NZB/NZW mice by E. coli (EC) dsDNA was evaluated. Preautoimmune NZB/NZW female mice were immunized with complexes of EC dsDNA with methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant; control mice received either mBSA complexes with calf thymus (CT) dsDNA or mBSA alone in adjuvant. IgG antibody responses were assessed by ELISA. Similar to normal mice, immunized NZB/NZW mice produced significant levels of anti-dsDNA when measured with EC dsDNA as antigen. Whereas normal mice produce antibodies which are specific for the immunizing bacterial DNA, NZB/NZW mice produced antibodies that bound crossreactively to CT dsDNA by ELISA. Furthermore, the induced antibodies resembled lupus anti-DNA in their fine specificity for polynucleotide antigens and reactivity with Crithidia luciliae DNA. Despite their response to EC dsDNA, NZB/NZW mice immunized with CT dsDNA failed to generate significant anti-dsDNA responses. These results provide further evidence for the enhanced immunogenicity of bacterial DNA and suggest that immune cell abnormalities in NZB/NZW mice promote the generation of crossreactive autoantibody responses when confronted with a foreign DNA.
Fatal Lymphohistiocytic Proliferation Owing to Epstein-Barr Virus
Authors: David T. Purtilo
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The report by Cividalli et al (1981;246:1917) proposed that graft-v-host reaction led to fatal lymphohistiocytic proliferation in a 6-year-old boy exhibiting XX/XY lymphoid chimerism. In addition to the chimerism, possible immune deficiency to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) ought to be considered in the etiology of this disorder. Our initial report of males with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) assumed that death in three brothers who had had infectious mononucleosis was caused by familial lymphohistiocytosis. Marked activation of histiocytes in the tissues of the boys led us to this erroneous conclusion. 1,2   The chimeric boy described by Cividalli et al is reminiscent of the New World monkey, a marmoset that often is an XX/XY chimera highly susceptible to EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disease. 3 Both marmosets and males with XLP show deficient antibody responses to EBV. 4   The diseases in immunodeficient patients provoked by this virus are comparable with that described in
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ exacerbates excitotoxic white-matter lesions in the murine neonatal brain
Authors: Vincent Laudenbach, Girolamo Calo, Remo Guerrini, Géraldine Lamboley, Jean-François Benoist, Philippe Evrard, Pierre Gressens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Intracerebral administration of the excitotoxin ibotenate to newborn mice induces white-matter lesions, mimicking brain lesions that occur in human preterm infants. Nociceptin (NC), also called orphanin FQ, is the endogenous ligand of the opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) receptor and does not bind classical high-affinity opioid receptors. In the present study, administration of NC exacerbated ibotenate-induced white-matter lesions while coadministration of ibotenate with either of two NC antagonists reduced excitotoxic white-matter lesions by up to 64%. Neither ibotenate plus endomorphin I (a selective μ receptor agonist), nor ibotenate plus naloxone (a classical opioid receptor antagonist) modulated the excitotoxic lesion. Pretreatment with antisense oligonucleotides targeting the NC precursor peptide mRNA significantly reduced ibotenate-induced white-matter damage. Finally, high doses of fentanyl, which stimulates both classical μ opioid receptors and ORL1, exacerbated excitotoxic white-matter lesion. This toxic effect was blocked by inhibiting ORL1 but not classical opioid receptors. Together, these findings show that endogenous or exogenous stimulation of the ORL1 receptor can be neurotoxic and that blocking NC signaling protects the white matter against excitotoxic challenge. These data point to potential new avenues for neuroprotection in human preterm infants at high risk of brain lesions.
Metabolic control during preimplantation mammalian development
Authors: H. Leese
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

Journal Article Metabolic control during preimplantation mammalian development Get access Henry J. Leese Henry J. Leese 1Department of Biology, University of York Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK 1 Phone: 0904-432821; Fax: 0904-432917 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction Update, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1 January 1995, Pages 63–72, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/1.1.63 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 11 April 1994 Accepted: 01 August 1994 Published: 01 January 1995
Oesophageal reflux and its myths
Authors: J A C Thorpe
Journal: BMJ (1979)

adrenaline, or MA plus NMA are due to a chemical rather than to a metabolic effect of labetalol and represent falsely high values.Adequate methods should be employed in future studies evaluating the effects of labetalol on the sympathetic nervous system.Further- more, our findings may prevent errors in the differential diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma.
A Blairite before Blair?
Authors: Nick Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The new health secretary, Patricia Hewitt , is prepared to take forward the New Labour agenda but should not be seen as anybody's poodle. Nick Timmins reports 

In Patricia Hewitt, the new secretary of state for health, the NHS gets a good brain capable of fierce analysis, allied to a public manner that her critics describe as headmistressy or nannyish. It also gets a battle hardened survivor.

Such skills look likely to be needed if, as Hewitt has indicated, she intends to see through the government's market based reforms of the NHS to their logical conclusion.

Her first move was bridge building: the weekend of her appointment saw phone calls to, among others, James Johnson (the chairman of the BMA's council), Dame Gill Morgan (chief executive of the NHS Confederation), and Dave Prentis (the general secretary of the trade union Unison), asking them what they saw as the key issues and expressing a desire to work with them.

The first indications, however, are that Hewitt will work to an unchanged government agenda, with Hewitt picking up Tony Blair's language of a patient centred NHS, one where services are organised around the patient and for their convenience, rather than around the convenience of the organisation itself.

She wanted, she said, to carry on the “direction and pace of reform” as set by her …
Critical evaluation of ASO RQ-PCR for minimal residual disease evaluation in multiple myeloma. A comparative analysis with flow cytometry
Authors: N Puig, M E Sarasquete, A Balanzategui, J Martínez, B Paiva, H García, S Fumero, C Jiménez, M Alcoceba, M C Chillón, E Sebastián, L Marín, M A Montalbán, M V Mateos, A Oriol, L Palomera, J de la Rubia, M B Vidriales, J Bladé, J J Lahuerta, M González, J F S Miguel, R García-Sanz
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Biliary Atresia and Reovirus Type 3 Infection
Authors: Rachel Morecki, Joy H. Glaser, Sangho Cho, William F. Balistreri, Marshall S. Horwitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

NEONATAL biliary atresia was originally thought to be a developmental malformation. However, microscopical examination of bile ducts resected during portoenterostomy has revealed inflammatory lesions suggesting an ongoing postnatal process such as infection.1 , 2 Viral isolation and serologic studies have usually been negative except for an occasional case associated with cytomegalovirus or congenital rubella infection.3 4 5 6 Our interest in reovirus type 3 (reo-3) as a potential cause of biliary atresia was stimulated by the observations of Stanley et al.7 They described chronic obstructive jaundice in mice, associated with choledochal obliteration that followed intraperitoneal injection of reo-3 into weanling animals.8 Although hepatic injury is . . .