tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergic Gastroenteropathy
Authors: Thomas A. Waldmann, R. Dean Wochner, Leonard Laster, Robert S. Gordon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

EXCESSIVE loss of plasma proteins into the gastrointestinal tract, which may be a major factor in the pathogenesis of hypoproteinemia and edema, has been demonstrated to occur in association with a number of well defined disorders of the gastrointestinal tract such as giant hypertrophy of the gastric rugae,1 regional enteritis,2 sprue,3 Whipple's intestinal lipodystrophy,4 ulcerative colitis2 and gastrointestinal cancer.5 The study of patients with protein-losing gastroenteropathy has also led to the elucidation of a number of syndromes that were previously unrecognized as causes of hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia. These include intestinal lymphangiectasia6 7 8 and gastrointestinal protein loss associated with constrictive pericarditis9 or agammaglobulinemia. . . .
Alpha1-antitrypsin bodies, PiZ phenotype, and peptic ulcer.
Authors: W K Blenkinsopp
Journal: Gut (1978)

An association between chronic peptic ulcer and heterozygous alpha-antitrypsin deficiency has been reported: this study found no evidence of such an association. The prevalence of alpha1-antityrpsin bodies in the liver was compared with the known prevalence of PiZ phenotype in the population: there was no significant difference.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Atherosclerotic Lesion Size and Vulnerability Are Determined by Patterns of Fluid Shear Stress”
Authors: Caroline Cheng, Dennie Tempel, Arjen van der Baan, Rob Krams, Mat J.A. P. Daemen, Rien van Haperen, Frank Grosveld, Rini de Crom
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Successful Pregnancy in Cystinosis
Authors: Peter A. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive disorder in which accumulation of lysosomal cystine leads to renal failure, growth retardation, photophobia, endocrine dysfunction, and other late complications.1,2In their article from the National Institutes of Health reviewing the adult manifestations of the disease,2Dr Theodoropoulos and colleagues give details of endocrine manifestations but do not address the question of female fertility. We wish to report a successful pregnancy in a cystinotic woman who had received treatment with phosphocysteamine.  In 1965 when this patient was 27 months old, cystinosis was diagnosed following failure to thrive and a renal tubular Fanconi syndrome. Later complications included epilepsy, corneal crystals, hypertension, and hypothyroidism. Renal impairment developed, and she received a successful living related renal transplant in November 1975. In 1987, she started treatment with phosphocysteamine, cystine levels subsequently being maintained with administration of less than 1.5 nmol of half cystine per
Myocardial Contractility in Areas with Chronic Ischaemia: Studies on Isometric Tension
Authors: F. K. Nakhjavan, R. Son, H. Goldberg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Myocardial length-tension curves were obtained simultaneously in normal and chronic ischaemic areas of dog's heart. The data are in agreement with clinical findings of localized 'asynergy' in coronary artery disease and suggest the existence of a depressed Starling function curve in ischaemic areas.
Impaired Delayed Hypersensitivity in an Aging Population
Authors: Donald S. Waldorf
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The ability to develop delayed hypersensitivity was studied in 116 normal elderly subjects who were between 59 and 98 years old, with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) as an antigen. Only 84 (72%) were sensitized to the chemical. The impaired responsiveness was confined to those subjects more than 70 years of age, 69% of whom reacted, and was in contrast to the normal responsiveness (94%) of those 69 years of age or less. Sixteen subjects who reacted to tuberculin skin testing could not be sensitized to DNCB, suggesting that previously developed delayed hypersensitivity might persist despite the demonstration of anergy to a new allergen. Fourteen of 16 subjects with circulating antinuclear factor reacted to DNCB but only 3 of 6 with rheumatoid factor could be sensitized. No correlation was observed between serum immunoglobulin concentrations and reactivity to DNCB or tuberculin.
William Cobbett, Benjamin Rush, and the Death of General Washington
Authors: Nicholas E. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1983)

GEORGE Washington's death on Dec 14, 1799, ended a tumultuous century in the history of the United States. With a finality that equaled the signing of the Declaration of Independence or Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown, the church bells tolling Washington's death rang out the order of things as they had been for almost two centuries. <h3>Washington's Last Illness</h3> Although large and robust, Washington had numerous illnesses during his life, including bouts with smallpox and pneumonia, recurrent diarrhea, a large thigh abscess, and many dental problems.<sup>1</sup>His final illness was mercifully short. After riding about his plantation in the freezing rain on Thursday, Dec 12, he contracted an upper respiratory tract infection with hoarseness developing on the following day. On Friday he went outdoors for a short time and in the evening read the newspapers aloud to his wife. Sometime between 2 and 3 AM on Saturday, the 14th, he awakened
76 Controlled hypoxia protects the murine liver from FAS-mediated apoptosis
Authors: D. Stroka, J. Plock, S. Frese, A. Keogh, S. Bisch-Knaden, E. Ayuni, N. Corazza, C. Weikert, S. Jakob, D. Erni, J.-F. Dufour, T. Brunner, D. Candinas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The “biker-glove” pattern of segmental infantile hemangiomas on the hands and feet
Authors: Nicole A. Weitz, Michelle L. Bayer, Eulalia Baselga, Mauricio Torres, Dawn Siegel, Beth A. Drolet, Ilona J. Frieden, Anita N. Haggstrom
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
SLITs Suppress Tumor Growth <i>In vivo</i> by Silencing <i>Sdf1/Cxcr4</i> within Breast Epithelium
Authors: Rebecca Marlow, Phyllis Strickland, Ji Shin Lee, Xinyan Wu, Milana PeBenito, Mikhail Binnewies, Elizabeth K. Le, Angel Moran, Hector Macias, Robert D. Cardiff, Saraswati Sukumar, Lindsay Hinck
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

The genes encoding Slits and their Robo receptors are silenced in many types of cancer, including breast, suggesting a role for this signaling pathway in suppressing tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanism underlying these tumor-suppressive effects has not been delineated. Here, we show that loss of Slits, or their Robo1 receptor, in murine mammary gland or human breast carcinoma cells results in coordinate up-regulation of the Sdf1 and Cxcr4 signaling axis, specifically within mammary epithelium. This is accompanied by hyperplastic changes in cells and desmoplastic alterations in the surrounding stroma. A similar inverse correlation between Slit and Cxcr4 expression is identified in human breast tumor tissues. Furthermore, we show in a xenograft model that Slit overexpression down-regulates CXCR4 and dominantly suppresses tumor growth. These studies classify Slits as negative regulators of Sdf1 and Cxcr4 and identify a molecular signature in hyperplastic breast lesions that signifies inappropriate up-regulation of key prometastatic genes.
ATM associates with and phosphorylates p53: mapping the region of interaction
Authors: Kum Kum Khanna., Katherine E. Keating, Sergei Kozlov, Shaun Scott, Magtouf Gatei, Karen Hobson, Yoichi Taya, Brian Gabrielli, Doug Chan, Susan P. Lees-Miller, Martin F. Lavin
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Computer assisted learning aids management of course information
Authors: P. Whatling
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Greenhalgh summarises the key issues in the development and delivery of online teaching material in her paper on computer assisted learning in undergraduate medical education.1 It is essential that online materials are well designed and structured, with a clearly defined learning pathway. The need to employ adequately trained tutoring staff is paramount, but the accessibility of the internet enables expert tutors to contribute …
Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Occurring in Second Twin of an Asymptomatic Mother
Authors: William A. Growdon
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A case of neonatal herpes that occurred after vaginal delivery in the absence of genital lesions is presented. The mother had a history of drug addiction and genital herpes. Asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 from the cervix was noted in the second trimester of pregnancy. Despite being followed with a protocol of close surveillance and serial culturing of the genital tract, the patient gave birth to twins, one of whom developed herpes simplex virus type 2 in the postpartum period. This report presents discussion of this case and herpes surveillance protocols. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:508-511)
Optical Resolution and Color Performance of Electronic Endoscopes
Authors: H. K. Seidlitz, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

We studied the optical and color performance of Olympus fiber- and electronic endoscopes, including the EVIS 100 and EVIS 200 series. The measurements showed that the optical resolution of new generation videoendoscopes equals or exceeds that of fiberendoscopes. The close-up focusing ability has been extended. The color performance of the new EVIS 200 gastroscope enables clear distinction of all mucosal hues.
A Novel Cancer Therapeutic Using Thrombospondin 1 in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Tzu-Yang Weng, Shih-Shien Huang, Meng-Chi Yen, Chi-Chen Lin, Yi-Ling Chen, Chiu-Mei Lin, Wei-Ching Chen, Chih-Yang Wang, Jang-Yang Chang, Ming-Derg Lai
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Induction of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) is generally assumed to suppress tumor growth through inhibiting angiogenesis; however, it is less clear how TSP-1 in dendritic cells (DCs) influences tumor progression. We investigated tumor growth and immune mechanism by downregulation of TSP-1 in dendritic cells. Administration of TSP-1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) through the skin produced anticancer therapeutic effects. Tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased after the administration of TSP-1 shRNA. The expression of interleukin-12 and interferon-γ in the lymph nodes was enhanced by injection of TSP-1 shRNA. Lymphocytes from the mice injected with TSP-1 shRNA selectively killed the tumor cells, and the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes was abolished by depletion of CD8+ T cells. Injection of CD11c+ TSP-1–knockout (TSP-1-KO) bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) delayed tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Similarly, antitumor activity induced by TSP-1-KO BMDCs was abrogated by depletion of CD8+ T cells. In contrast, the administration of shRNAs targeting TSP-2, another TSP family member, did not extend the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Finally, TSP-1 shRNA functioned as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant to augment the therapeutic efficacy of Neu DNA vaccination. Collectively, the downregulation of TSP-1 in DCs produces an effective antitumor response that is opposite to the protumor effects by silencing of TSP-1 within tumor cells. Induction of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) is generally assumed to suppress tumor growth through inhibiting angiogenesis; however, it is less clear how TSP-1 in dendritic cells (DCs) influences tumor progression. We investigated tumor growth and immune mechanism by downregulation of TSP-1 in dendritic cells. Administration of TSP-1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) through the skin produced anticancer therapeutic effects. Tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased after the administration of TSP-1 shRNA. The expression of interleukin-12 and interferon-γ in the lymph nodes was enhanced by injection of TSP-1 shRNA. Lymphocytes from the mice injected with TSP-1 shRNA selectively killed the tumor cells, and the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes was abolished by depletion of CD8+ T cells. Injection of CD11c+ TSP-1–knockout (TSP-1-KO) bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) delayed tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Similarly, antitumor activity induced by TSP-1-KO BMDCs was abrogated by depletion of CD8+ T cells. In contrast, the administration of shRNAs targeting TSP-2, another TSP family member, did not extend the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Finally, TSP-1 shRNA functioned as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant to augment the therapeutic efficacy of Neu DNA vaccination. Collectively, the downregulation of TSP-1 in DCs produces an effective antitumor response that is opposite to the protumor effects by silencing of TSP-1 within tumor cells.
Carbon Monoxide Levels and Methylene Chloride Exposure-Reply
Authors: Honorio T. Benzon
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Strande that a more complete report of our experience with two cases of methylene chloride exposure would have been desirable. Our letter was originally submitted as an article and gave detailed signs and symptoms, including the clinical course of the patients and frequent (every one to 1 1/2 hours) levels of arterial blood gases and of COHb. In condensing this to a letter, we deleted much information, including the symptoms present on our patients, ie, dizziness and actual loss of consciousness in patient 1 and dizziness and nausea in patient 2. We would be happy to make a copy of the original manuscript available to Dr Strande and other interested readers. We described the exposure history as best we could. We depended on the initial history taken by the medical service and our history taken through a medical interpreter. Both patients spoke only Spanish.
Adjuvant chemotherapy increased survival in colorectal cancer patients with low recurrence risk
Authors: Ronald L. Koretz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club20 May 2008Adjuvant chemotherapy increased survival in colorectal cancer patients with low recurrence riskRonald L. Koretz, MDRonald L. Koretz, MDOlive View–UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California, USA (R.L.K.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-10-200805200-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationQUASAR Collaborative Group. Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomised study. Lancet. 2007;370:2020-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18083404Clinical Impact RatingsGastroenterology: Oncology: References1 Figueredo A, Charette ML, Maroun J, Brouwers MC, Zuraw L. Adjuvant therapy for stage II colon cancer: a systematic review from the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-Based Care's Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Site Group. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3395-407. [PMID: 15199087] Google Scholar2 André T, Boni C, Mounedji-Boudiaf L, et al. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2343-51. [PMID: 15175436] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Olive View–UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California, USA (R.L.K.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 May 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 May 2008Volume 148, Issue 10Page: JC3-6KeywordsAdjuvant chemotherapyAnal and rectal disordersChemotherapyColorectal cancerPatient advocacyQuality of lifeRectal cancerResearch funding ePublished: 20 May 2008 Issue Published: 20 May 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Diurnal variation in cholesterol saturation of gall-bladder bile.
Authors: R M Kupfer, T C Northfield
Journal: Gut (1983)

In order to determine whether a diurnal variation in cholesterol saturation index is present in gall-bladder bile, samples of bile were taken by nasoduodenal intubation and cholecystokinin infusion at 9 am after the conventional 12 hour fast, and also at 5 pm five hours after a meal containing no cholesterol or phospholipid. In healthy controls saturation index (mean +/- SEM) fell from 1.02 +/- 0.08 at 9 am to 0.86 +/- 0.08 at 5 pm (n = 8, p less than 0.05). In untreated cholesterol gall-stone patients saturation index fell from 1.30 +/- 0.07 to 1.04 +/- 0.07 (n = 8, p less than 0.05); on chenodeoxycholic acid 15 mg/kg/day it fell from 0.91 +/- 0.06 to 0.78 +/- 0.07 (n = 16, p less than 0.01). The degree of diurnal variation was similar in those taking chenodeoxycholic acid at bedtime and in those taking it at mealtimes. The 9 am sample was supersaturated in three non-responders (showing no evidence of gall stone dissolution on oral cholecystogram after at least six months treatment) and in four responders. The 5 pm sample was a better predictor of treatment failure, being supersaturated in all four non-responders but in only one out of the 12 responders (p less than 0.01).
Observational study of 353 applications to London multicentre research ethics committee 1997-2000
Authors: M. Boyce
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Since 1997 British studies involving five or more centres have required approval from both a multicentre research ethics committee 1 and the local research ethics committee for each centre.A local committee can reject the protocol for local reasons but cannot amend it.Some researchers have criticised the process of obtaining ethical approval for multicentre studies, 2-4 but little is known about the work of the 10 multicentre research ethics committees.I describe here the work of one of them.
The Politics of Contraception
Authors: Carl Djerassi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Since China contains 1/4 of the world's population, what happens there with regard to limitation of fertility has significance for the whole world. Over the past decade, much has changed in China insofar as politics and the practice of birth control are concerned. At present, China is the only Communist country to support and practice an antinatalist policy, and, in fact, maintains the most stringent antinatalist policy in the world. The national aim has become the 1-child family, and there are strong incentives (food, health care, etc,) towards this end. To achieve this, China has directed much technical effort towards contraceptive production. Original Chinese products have been the paper pill in which the steroids are absorbed on water-soluble paper and Anordrin, a synthetic steroid known as the "vacation pill." A significant contribution also by the Chinese is a male contraceptive pill derived from gossypol. This particular contraceptive has been associated with serious side effects and it remains to be seen whether this work will result in a useful antifertility agent for men. The author suggests that it is now time to encourage collaboration between Western and Chinese researchers, especially since the Chinese have taken the initiative in enlisting interaction with foreign scientific groups, especially with the Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction of WHO. WHO is presently setting up 2 institutes of research on methods to control fertility in Shanghai and Beijing and Chinese scientists are involved in the WHO task forces on IUDs, orals, and postcoital and plant agents. Clearly, China is placing tremendous emphasis on fertility control and it seems that the U.S. and the Washington politicians in particular could learn from politicians in Beijing.
Transvenous Catheter Ablation of a Posteroseptal Accessory Pathway in a Patient with the Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome
Authors: Fred Morady, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

WE have described a technique of closed-chest catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction by electrocoagulation in dogs.1 We and others have used this technique in patients with supraventricular tachycardia refractory to pharmacologic therapy and antitachycardia pacing.2,3 More recent experimental observations have demonstrated that electric shocks delivered to the atrial septum resulted in localized atrial fibrosis without perforation or marked effects on atrioventricular conduction (Scheinman MM, et al.: unpublished observations). On the basis of these observations, a technique was developed for catheter ablation of septal accessory pathways in human beings.We report here on a patient who had the Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome . . .
Normothermic Continuous Antegrade Blood Cardioplegia Does Not Prevent Myocardial Edema and Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Uwe Mehlhorn, Steven J. Allen, Deborah L. Adams, Karen L. Davis, Gloria R. Gogola, E. Rainer de Vivie, Glen A. Laine
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Normothermic continuous blood cardioplegia (BC) has been proposed to completely protect the myocardium during cardiac surgery. However, previous work from our laboratory suggests that BC could cause myocardial edema that produces cardiac dysfunction. The purpose of this present study was to evaluate the impact of BC on myocardial fluid balance and left ventricular function. Methods and Results In 11 dogs, myocardial water content (MWC) was determined by microgravimetry. Myocardial lymph flow rate was measured after cannulation of the major prenodal cardiac lymphatic. Preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) was calculated by sonomicrometry and micromanometry. The dogs were placed on normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and BC was delivered at either 80 to 90 mm Hg (BC high ; n=6) or 40 to 50 mm Hg (BC low ; n=5) for 1 hour. Coronary sinus lactate and oxygen saturation monitoring demonstrated ischemia avoidance. BC was associated with substantial myocardial lymph flow rate decrease ( P &lt;.05) and myocardial edema development in both groups. MWC increased from 76.0±1.9% to 79.2±1.7% ( P &lt;.05) after 10 minutes of BC high and from 75.9±0.6% to 78.9±1.4% ( P &lt;.05) after 30 minutes of BC low . PRSW decreased to 63±19% (BC high ) and 69±15% of control (BC low ) at 30 minutes after CPB ( P &lt;.05). Myocardial lymph flow rate increases of threefold to fourfold that of control ( P &lt;.05) resulted in significant myocardial edema reduction associated with PRSW improvement to 71±17% (BC high ) and to 78±11% (BC low ) at 2 hours after CPB. Conclusions We conclude that BC is associated with compromised cardiac function despite ischemia avoidance. This cardiac dysfunction is due to myocardial edema caused by the combination of increased myocardial microvascular fluid filtration and decreased myocardial lymph flow rate during BC.
Injection of sodium hypochlorite by intravenous drug users
Authors: G. A. Froner
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) effectively inactivates human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.<sup>1-5</sup>Intravenous drug users who share needles are at high risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV, and cleaning needles and syringes with household bleach is being used as a strategy to control HIV transmission in this group.<sup>6,7</sup>The standard procedure includes flushing the syringe twice with undiluted household bleach and then twice with water. It has been suggested that toxic reactions following inadvertent injection of residual amounts of bleach in needles and syringes may be a possible reason for failure of this strategy. Although oral ingestion of household bleach is relatively nontoxic,<sup>8</sup>little is known about its parenteral toxicity. We report a case of nontoxic intravenous bleach injection in an intravenous drug user attempting suicide. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 27-year-old man, who had