tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES IN DIABETES MELLITUS. II. THE OCCURRENCE OF A DIURESIS IN DIABETIC PERSONS EXPOSED TO STRESSFUL LIFE SITUATIONS, WITH EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON ITS RELATION TO THE CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE IN BLOOD AND URINE 1
Authors: Lawrence E. Hinkle, Clifford J. Edwards, Stewart Wolf, Mary Anne Kennedy, Betty L. Pugh, George Conger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

It has been known for many years that the ad- ministration of large amounts of glucose to per- sons with diabetes mellitus may lead to a diuresis.Recent work has amply demonstrated that this effect is attributable to the fact that in the pres- ence of high concentrations of urinary glucose or any other solute there is a limit to the amount of water the renal tubule can absorb-a point where the osmotic pressure of the urine outweighs the work capacity of the tubular epithelium.Brodsky, Rapoport, and West (1) have shown that in this respect the kidney of the diabetic behaves toward glucose in the same manner as the kidney of the non-diabetic individual.However, there is an increasing body of evidence which suggests that not all of the polyuria which occurs in diabetic persons can be attributed to an increase in the amount of glucose excreted.For example, Tolstoi and Weber (2) observed that diabetic individuals on a metabolism ward, with a fixed regimen of activity, diet, fluid intake, and insulin, excreted widely variable amounts of glucose and water from day to day.The reasons for the fluctuations were not apparent.Meyer, Bollmeier, and Alexander (3), observing two dia- betic patients during the course of psychoanalytic treatment, found that these persons developed an increased excretion of glucose and water during acute conflict situations, and that this diuresis could not be related to changes in food intake.More recently, during the course of prolonged ob- servations upon persons with diabetes mellitus of I The authors are indebted to Dr. Edward Tolstoi for making available the facilities of the Diabetic Clinic of the New York Hospital for this study, and for his helpful criticism of this work.
Transcription factor EB: A central regulator of both the autophagosome and lysosome
Authors: Enpeng Zhao, Mark J. Czaja
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that relies on the cooperation of autophagosomes and lysosomes. During starvation, the cell expands both compartments to enhance degradation processes. We found that starvation activates a transcriptional program that controls major steps of the autophagic pathway, including autophagosome formation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and substrate degradation. The transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master gene for lysosomal biogenesis, coordinated this program by driving expression of autophagy and lysosomal genes. Nuclear localization and activity of TFEB were regulated by serine phosphorylation mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2, whose activity was tuned by the levels of extracellular nutrients. Thus, a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism regulates autophagy by controlling the biogenesis and partnership of two distinct cellular organelles.
Associations of Filaggrin Gene Loss-of-Function Variants with Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Testicular Function in Young Danish Men
Authors: Ulla Nordström Joensen, Niels Jørgensen, Michael Meldgaard, Hanne Frederiksen, Anna-Maria Andersson, Torkil Menné, Jeanne Duus Johansen, Berit Christina Carlsen, Steen Stender, Pal Bela Szecsi, Niels Erik Skakkebæk, Ewa Rajpert De Meyts, Jacob P. Thyssen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Filaggrin is an epidermal protein that is crucial for skin barrier function. Up to 10% of Europeans and 5% of Asians carry at least one null allele in the filaggrin gene (FLG). Reduced expression of filaggrin in carriers of the null allele is associated with facilitated transfer of allergens across the epidermis. We hypothesized that these individuals may have increased transdermal uptake of endocrine disruptors, including phthalates.We investigated urinary excretion of phthalate metabolites and testicular function in young men with and without FLG loss-of-function variants in a cross-sectional study of 861 young men from the general Danish population.All men were genotyped for FLG R501X, 2282del4, and R2447X loss-of-function variants. We measured urinary concentrations of 14 phthalate metabolites and serum levels of reproductive hormones. We also evaluated semen quality.Sixty-five men (7.5%) carried at least one FLG-null allele. FLG-null carriers had significantly higher urinary concentrations of several phthalate metabolites, including a 33% higher concentration of MnBP (mono-n-butyl phthalate; 95% CI: 16, 51%). FLG-null variants were not significantly associated with reproductive hormones or semen quality parameters.This study provides evidence that carriers of FLG loss-of-function alleles may have higher internal exposure to phthalates, possibly due to increased transepidermal absorption. FLG loss-of-function variants may indicate susceptible populations for which special attention to transepidermal absorption of chemicals and medication may be warranted.
Cocain Habit Among the Negroes.
Authors: Frank A. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Memphis, Tenn., June 27, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just read your editorial inThe Journalconcerning the cocain habit in the negro. It is safe to say that two-thirds of the negroes who are addicted to the use of cocain use it by the "sniffing" method. We have here in Memphis "dives" called drug stores, whose sole trade is to sell cocain to the negroes at night. The sign, placed in a conspicuous place in one of these resorts, "Open all night," is an index to what they dispense—cocain. I see a great many of these "cocain sniffers" in my outdoor clinic and my observation is that the habit leads up to acute mania. I have been reliably informed by a night clerk in one of these drug stores that he has dispensed as high as one hundred and fifty packages of cocain during the night. The cocain
Concordance of Self-reported Data and Medical Record Audit for Six Cancer Screening Procedures
Authors: N. P. Gordon, R. A. Hiatt, D. I. Lampert
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Self-reported data about the interval since last cancer screening are often used to determine whether individuals are due for periodic screening and to monitor adherence to guidelines for early cancer detection. In a study conducted within the Kaiser Perma-nente Medical Care Program, we examined the concordance of self-reported information and medical record documentation about recency of and reasons for six procedures for early cancer detection. We also assessed the concordance of population-level estimates of screening rates based on these two sources. Data were obtained from a mailed questionnaire or telephone interview completed by 779 men and women. The data from these randomly selected study participants (431 women and 348 men), who had been members of the health plan for the previous 5 years, were compared with information obtained from their medical charts. Intersource agreement about whether each procedure was done within the last 2 years was evaluated, with the medical record used as the gold standard. To assess the accuracy of patient self-reporting, we also calculated sensitivity, false-positive and false-negative results, and Kappa statistics. Concordance between self-reported data and medical record documentation was greater for procedures that generated a test report (mammogram, Pap smear, fecal occult blood test, and sigmoidoscopy) than for those generating a physician's note (clinical breast examination and digital rectal examination). Kappa statistics showed a similar pattern. Sensitivity of self-repoorted data was more than 90% for mammogram, clinical breast examination, Pap smear, and fecal occult blood test and nearly 80% for signomoidoscopy and digital rectal examination. However, false-positive results were above 40%, except for fecal occult blood test and sigmidoscopy. For all six procedures, estimated population-level rates of screening within the past 2 years would have been significantly higher ( P <.0001) if self-reported data were used instead of medical record audit data. Self-reported data may over-estimate the percentage of the population that has been screened and understimate the interval saince the last cancer detection procedures. Such data should be used cautiously for clinical decision making, research, and surveillance activities at both individual and population screening rates are evaluated on the basis of different data sources.
Acute joint inflammation alters the adrenoceptor profile of synovial blood vessels in the knee joints of rabbits.
Authors: E Gray, W R Ferrell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Experiments were carried out to examine the effect of acute inflammation, induced by intra-articular injection of 2% carrageenan, on the response of articular blood vessels in the knee joints of rabbits to adrenoceptor agonists. The responses to noradrenaline, phenylephrine, clonidine, UK-14304, and isoprenaline were examined 24 hours after carrageenan injection and compared with those of normal animals. Antagonists specific for alpha 1 and alpha 2 were used to identify the adrenoceptors through which the responses were mediated and to examine if carrageenan treatment altered the adrenoceptor profile of these blood vessels. The evidence suggests that in the carrageenan treated animals there is a reduction in the alpha 1 response with an associated increase in the alpha 2 response. A decrease in the number or affinity of alpha 1 adrenoceptors is indicated by the shift to the right of the noradrenaline and phenylephrine dose/response curves, whereas an increase in alpha 2 affinity or number is suggested by the associated leftward shift in the alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist curves. This change in receptor profile appears to arise as a direct result of carrageenan induced joint inflammation.
Hypercoagulability after Hip and Knee Replacement
Authors: Eddys Disla
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 March 1994Hypercoagulability after Hip and Knee ReplacementEddys Disla, MDEddys Disla, MDCabrini Medical Center; New York, NY 10003Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-6-199403150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The excellent review on hypercoagulable states [1] did not include a discussion of hip and knee replacement, which represents the most important hypercoagulable state. Deep-vein thrombosis occurs in 40% to 70% of patients in the absence of anticoagulation [2].Current preventive strategies are disappointing, with rates of deep-vein thrombosis of over 30% [2]. The use of heparin and warfarin is limited by the high risk for bleeding after surgery.Nachman and Silverstein [1] remind us of the intricate relation between inflammation and clotting; they suggest that endothelial activation by cytokines leads to loss of anticoagulant function with ...References1. Nachman RL, Silverstein R. Hypercoagulable states. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:819-27. Google Scholar2. Verstraete M. The diagnosis and treatment of deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329:1418-20. Google Scholar3. Clagett GP, Anderson FA Jr, Levine MN, Salzman EW, Wheeler HB. Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest. 1992; 102:391S-407S. Google Scholar4. Hogevold HE, Lyberg T, Kierulf P, Reikeras O. Generation of procoagulant (thromboplastin) and plasminogen activator activities in peripheral blood monocytes after total hip replacement surgery. Effects of high doses of corticosteroids. Thrombosis Res. 1991; 62:449-57. Google Scholar5. Tessier P, Audette M, Cattaruzzi P, McColl SR. Up-regulation by tumor necrosis factor α of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression and function in synovial fibroblasts and its inhibition by glucocorticoids. Arthritis Rheum. 1993; 36:1528-39. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cabrini Medical Center; New York, NY 10003 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 6Page: 523KeywordsAnticoagulantsAspirinHemorrhageHeparinHipKneesPhenotypesProphylaxisSurgeryThrombosis Issue Published: 15 March 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
IMPACT OF HIGH SERUM HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) LEVEL AND CORONARY ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION
Authors: Sunwon Kim, Seung-Woon Rha, Amro Elnagar, Byoung Geol Choi, sung il Im, Jin Oh Na, Seongwoo Han, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Hong-Seog Seo, Chang Gyu Park, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Geographic Variations in the Use of Health Care Services-Reply
Authors: Mark R. Chassin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —We agree with Dr Caper that large geographic areas are different from small ones. Variations among large areas may be less extreme and their causes may be different than those in small areas. However, the large areas we studied exhibited variations of great magnitude, for example, the 3.8-fold difference between our highest- and lowest-use sites for carotid endarterectomy. If the site with the highest use rate had actually experienced the rate of the site with the lowest rate, more than 1000 fewer carotid endarterectomies would have been performed at that site in 1981.  We have described, analyzed, and reported in detail our method of rating appropriateness.1-4The ratings that result from this process are reproducible, consistent with clinical research, and in accord with clinical theory. We are unaware of any similar body of data supporting the reliability and validity of other methods of developing appropriateness standards to
Physical Activity and Public Health
Authors: Richard A. Winett
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Exercise promotion has become a major disease prevention goal, but unfortunately, many attempts to have various population segments initiate and maintain exercise and activity have had limited success.<sup>1</sup>Partly in response to disappointing outcomes, and partly based on empirical studies, guidelines for activity and exercise have been reduced to the accumulation of 30 minutes of moderate activity five times per week. While seemingly well-intentioned, these new guidelines and the public health message they deliver may be problematic and potentially counterproductive from both scientific and public policy perspectives in several ways, including: 1. The use of caloric expenditure as a standard. The revised guidelines are partly built around epidemiologic studies showing a relationship between gross measures of caloric expenditure in leisure-time activities and reduced morbidity and mortality.<sup>1</sup>However, the most recent data from the Harvard Alumni Health Study clearly show that what is critical for risk
State of the art lecture: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and FNA in pancreatico-biliary tumors
Authors: K. Chang
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

In the past few decades, there has been relatively little change in the epidemiology, therapy, or over-all survival of pancreatico-biliary tumors. However, we are now in an era where diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms are finally going beyond traditional approaches (cytology/pathology for diagnosis and cytotoxic agents for therapy) with the potential of changing the natural history of these tumors. Many of these new approaches are made possible with emerging diagnostic and interventional EUS techniques. This state-of-the-art paper will review the role of EUS-guided FNA in the diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary lesions such as pancreatic tumors, cystic and neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas, as well as the less appreciated applications to biliary and ampullary cancers. I will also discuss the specific role of EUS-guided FNA in the staging of various pancreaticobiliary cancers. The role of EUS-guided therapies, including celiac neurolysis, cyst-gastrostomy, and delivery of anti-tumor agents via EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNI) will be covered in the accompanying article "FNI and Anti-tumor therapy".
Complete Calcification of a Rheumatic Left Atrium
Authors: George Pulikal, Andrew Marshall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 71-year-old man who had had rheumatic fever as a child presented with prosthetic-valve endocarditis. A mitral valvotomy had been performed 37 years before, and 21 years later, his mitral valve was replaced with a Starr–Edwards prosthesis. Lateral chest radiography showed complete calcification of the left atrial wall (Panel A, arrows). A transesophageal echocardiogram showed calcification of the interatrial septum (Panel B, arrow). This rare condition was first described in 1898, in association with chronic rheumatic mitral disease, and is more common in women, most of whom have symptoms for more than 20 years. The condition is assumed to be . . .
Surfactant Protein-D Regulates Effector Cell Function and Fibrotic Lung Remodeling in Response to Bleomycin Injury
Authors: Yoshinori Aono, Julie G. Ledford, Sambuddho Mukherjee, Hirohisa Ogawa, Yasuhiko Nishioka, Saburo Sone, Michael F. Beers, Paul W. Noble, Jo Rae Wright
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Surfactant protein (SP)-D and SP-A have been implicated in immunomodulation in the lung. It has been reported that patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) often have elevated serum levels of SP-A and SP-D, although their role in the disease is not known.The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that SP-D plays an important role in lung fibrosis using a mouse model of fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM).Triple transgenic inducible SP-D mice (iSP-D mice), in which rat SP-D is expressed in response to doxycycline (Dox) treatment, were administered BLM (100 U/kg) or saline subcutaneously using miniosmotic pumps.BLM-treated iSP-D mice off Dox (SP-D off) had increased lung fibrosis compared with mice on Dox (SP-D on). SP-D deficiency also increased macrophage-dominant cell infiltration and the expression of profibrotic cytokines (transforming growth factor [TGF]-β1, platelet-derived growth factor-AA). Alveolar macrophages isolated from BLM-treated iSP-D mice off Dox (SP-D off) secreted more TGF-β1. Fibrocytes, which are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells, were increased to a greater extent in the lungs of the BLM-treated iSP-D mice off Dox (SP-D off). Fibrocytes isolated from BLM-treated iSP-D mice off Dox (SP-D off) expressed more of the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β1 and more CXCR4, a chemokine receptor that is important in fibrocyte migration into the lungs. Exogenous SP-D administered intratracheally attenuated BLM-induced lung fibrosis in SP-D(-/-) mice.These data suggest that alveolar SP-D regulates numbers of macrophages and fibrocytes in the lungs, profibrotic cytokine expression, and fibrotic lung remodeling in response to BLM injury.
A Century of American Rheumatology
Authors: THOMAS G. BENEDEK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

In reviewing the development of rheumatology in the United States, I begin with the understanding of rheumatic diseases in the previous century and then consider subsequent scientific and organizational events that were important in the creation of rheumatology as a recognized medical specialty. The perception had to evolve that rheumatic diseases can be analyzed beyond their gross clinical description and that effective therapy is possible. The virtual coincidence of the discoveries of the rheumatoid factor, the lupus erythematosus cell, and cortisone in 1948-49 satisfied these requirements. The publicity that was generated is considered to have been most responsible for the unusually abrupt recognition of rheumatology as a specialty.
Abstract 813: Mechanism of cellular uptake of Pt drugs: The role of hCTR1
Authors: Kristin D. Ivy, Jack H. Kaplan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug used to treat various human malignancies including breast, testicular, ovarian, prostrate, lung, head, neck, and colon cancers. While this drug has been shown to successfully treat tumors, its use is limited by the rapid development of resistance. This drug has been used since the 70's to treat different forms of cancer and recent studies have attempted to understand the mechanism of resistance by examining how this anti-cancer drug is taken into the cell, distributed within the cell, and exported. It has been claimed that hCTR1, the human high affinity Cu transporter, is the major entry pathway for cis-Pt and related anti-cancer drugs in human cells. Furthermore, that the entry mechanism via hCTR1 mimics that of Cu. Since hCTR1 is a very selective transporter for Cu(I), its function as a cisplatin entry pathway is unexpected. We will describe the results of our recent studies on HEK293 cells that over-express wild-type hCTR1 and a number of mutant Cu transporters, ovarian tumor cells that are sensitive or resistant to cis-Pt, and a number of human breast cell tumor lines. We have compared the relative entry rates of Cu and Pt in these cells and, via cell surface biotinylation and imaging, the effects of extracellular Cu, which causes regulatory endocytosis of the transporter, to that of the cis-Pt drugs. Our results suggest that hCTR1 is not the major entry route of Pt drugs into human cells and that the response of the transporter, in a number of these cells, to the presence of extracellular drug is different from its response to Cu. Supported by NIH Grant P01 GM 067166. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 813. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-813
Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: A. Burns, R. Levy, R. Jacoby
Journal: BMJ (1992)

A diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a diagnosis of exclusion. A consideration of current and past medical and psychiatric conditions, surgeries, metabolic abnormalities, and pharmacotherapy is vital to making a diagnosis. Numerous factors can affect cognitive and functional abilities, and it is not unusual for other medical comorbidities to be present in addition to an underlying neurodegenerative process. Although these are rarely solely responsible for cognitive impairment, they may influence cognition adversely. This chapter will discuss recommended practices for the initial assessment of AD, including laboratory, imaging, and other types of diagnostic tests.
Bypass surgery can be safe for octogenarians
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Cardiac bypass surgery can be as safe for 80 year olds as for those in their 70s —and no more costly, says a study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal (2001;165:759-64).

The number of octogenarians being referred for cardiac interventions is expected to increase, say the authors, who are with the CADENCE Research Group, Hamilton Health Science, in the department of surgery and the faculty of health sciences at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.

People aged 85 years and older are the fastest growing segment of Canada's senior population. Yet …