tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Study Pursues Questions of Calcium, Hormones, and Metabolism in Life of Skeleton
Authors: Ten Randall
Journal: JAMA (1992)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS ago, 169 Roman Catholic nuns in their 40s enrolled in a longitudinal study on bone health with a commitment to participate well into advanced age. Every 5 years, these women have undergone a battery of 150 to 200 tests looking at calcium absorption and balance, hormonal levels, and bone metabolism. The study, still under way at Creighton University School of Medicine, has provided an abundance of knowledge about calcium physiology in the perimenopausal woman. Now referred to by some as the "Framingham study of osteoporosis," the study is believed to be the longest-running extramural study funded, but not conducted, by the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. The key to the study's longevity may rest to some extent with the type of institution that Creighton is. Because Creighton puts its primary emphasis on teaching rather than research, "there is less pressure to provide immediate results tomorrow," says
Increased efficiency of binding of nascent C3b to the erythrocytes of chronic cold agglutinin disease.
Authors: C J Parker, C M Soldato, M J Telen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The pathogenesis of chronic cold agglutinin disease (CCAD) has been enigmatic. To determine if abnormal erythrocyte membrane constituents might provide the stimulus for antibody production, we compared the electrophoretic pattern of radiolabeled membrane glycoproteins of four patients with CCAD to that of normal control erythrocytes. For the CCAD erythrocytes, fluorographs revealed the appearance of an abnormal band whose molecular weight was estimated at 126,000 D. Using two-dimensional gel analysis and immunoblotting techniques, it was determined that the 126,000 D glycoprotein consisted predominately of polymeric glycophorin-alpha. Previous investigations had suggested that abnormalities in glycophorin-alpha influence the functional activity of the complement system. When purified complement (C)3 was activated in the fluid-phase by cobra venom factor complexes, CCAD erythrocytes bound nascent C3b 7-27 times more efficiently than normal erythrocytes. Normal erythrocytes could be induced to manifest the appearance of the 126,000 D band, and the increased efficiency of binding of nascent C3b by incubation with CCAD serum or with the purified cold agglutinin antibody plus autologous serum, but not with the purified antibody alone or the purified antibody plus EDTA-chelated autologous serum. These studies demonstrate that the interactions of IgM cold-reacting antibody and complement with glycophorin induce changes in the biophysical properties of the erythrocyte membrane which modify subsequent interactions with complement.
Effects of pesticides on the ratio of 16 alpha/2-hydroxyestrone: a biologic marker of breast cancer risk.
Authors: H L Bradlow, D L Davis, G Lin, D Sepkovic, R Tiwari
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Xenobiotic estrogens are external compounds with estrogenic activity that may thereby affect the risk of breast cancer. This paper describes a mechanism by which xeno-estrogens may affect the development of breast cancer. Estradiol metabolism proceeds by hydroxylation at one of two mutually exclusive sites at C-2 and C-16 alpha. The catechol pathway yields the weakly estrogenic 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), which inhibits breast cell proliferation. In contrast, the alternative pathway yields the genotoxic 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone (16 alpha-OHE1), which enhances breast cell growth, increases unscheduled DNA synthesis, and oncogene and virus expression, and increases anchorage-independent growth. Using a radiometric assay that measures the relative formation of 16 alpha-OHE1 versus 2-OHE1 from specifically tritiated estradiol in (ER+) MCF-7 cells, we compared the ratio of 16 alpha-OHE1/2-OHE1 observed after treatment with the known rodent carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) with the ratios after treatment with DDT, atrazine, gamma-benzene hexachloride, kepone, coplanar PCBs, endosulfans I and II, linoleic and eicosapentenoic acids, and indole-3-carbinol (I3C). These pesticides significantly increase the ratio of 16 alpha-OHE1/2-OHE1 metabolites to values comparable to or greater than those observed after DMBA. In contrast, the antitumor agent I3C increased 2-OHE1 formation and yielded ratios that are 1/3 of those found in unexposed control cells and 1/10th of those found in DMBA-treated cells. Thus the ratio of 16 alpha-OHE1/2-OHE1 may provide a marker for the risk of breast cancer. Assays of this ratio, which can be measured in spot urines, may prove useful for a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies bearing on breast cancer risk.
High incidence of sensitization to ornamental plants in allergic rhinitis
Authors: V. Mahillon, S. Saussez, O. Michel
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: A few indoor plants have been described as potential allergens, in single case reports of allergic rhinitis. There is no data evaluating the prevalence of allergic sensitization to these plants. Aim: The relationship between owning indoor ornamental plants with the risk to be sensitized has been evaluated in atopic rhinitis. Methods: A group of 59 patients with allergic rhinitis were submitted to skin prick tests (SPT) using both the leafs of their own plant and commercial extracts of the most frequent airborne allergens. A control group of 15 healthy subjects was tested with the same allergens. Results: While none subject from the control group developed a significant SPT to any of the tested plants, 78% of allergic rhinitis had positive SPT to at least one plant, the most frequent sensitization being Ficus benjamina , yucca, ivy and palm tree. Conclusion: In allergic rhinitis, indoor plants should be considered as potential allergens.
Agreement Among Cardiovascular Disease Risk Calculators
Authors: G. Michael Allan, Faeze Nouri, Christina Korownyk, Michael R. Kolber, Ben Vandermeer, James McCormack
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Use of cardiovascular disease risk calculators is often recommended by guidelines, but research on consistency in risk assessment among calculators is limited. Method and Results— A search of PubMed and Google was performed. Five clinicians selected 25 calculators by independent review. Hypothetical patients were created with the use of 7 risk factors (age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus) dichotomized to high and low, generating 2 7 patients (128 total). These patients were assessed by each calculator by 2 clinicians. Risk estimates (and assigned risk categories) were compared among calculators. Selected calculators were from 8 countries, used 5- or 10-year predictions, and estimated either cardiovascular disease or coronary heart disease. With the use of 3 risk categories (low, medium, and high), the 25 calculators categorized each patient into a mean of 2.2 different categories, and 41% of unique patients were assigned across all 3 risk categories. Risk category agreement between pairs of calculators was 67%. This did not improve when analysis was limited to just the 10-year cardiovascular disease calculators. In nondiabetics, the highest calculated risk estimate from a calculator averaged 4.9 times higher (range, 1.9–13.3) than the lowest calculated risk estimate for the same patient. This did not change meaningfully for diabetics or when the analysis was limited to 10-year cardiovascular disease calculators. Conclusions— The decision as to which calculator to use for risk estimation has an important impact on both risk categorization and absolute risk estimates. This has broad implications for guidelines recommending therapies based on specific calculators.
CANCER IN HONGKONG, SHANGHAI AND BERMUDA
Authors: Frederick L. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —Through the kindness of the Statistical Division, Army Medical Library, Washington, D. C., there have recently come to me some rather interesting cancer data for the European and Chinese population of Hongkong, the European population of Shanghai and the general population (mostly mixed blood negro) of Bermuda, which may be interesting to the medical profession and to those concerned with cancer investigations otherwise.  The Hongkong data are for the period 1911-1920.  It is obvious that the rates shown for certain years, at least, are of doubtful value on account of the uncertainty as regards the correct number of foreign residents since the war. Previous to 1915, however, the data may be accepted with assurance of accuracy, and likewise for the last three years.  In view of the fact that the actual mortality is very small, it should not be difficult to subject the returns to a qualified
Carbon monoxide as a regulator of bile canalicular contractility in cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: Yuichi Shinoda, Makoto Suematsu, Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi, Tsuneharu Suzuki, Nobuhito Goda, Shuji Saito, Tokio Yamaguchi, Yuzuru Ishimura
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

This study aimed to examine the mechanism(s) by which carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme oxygenase reaction, controls the contractility of bile canaliculus (BC) in hepatocytes. When BCs associated with the couplet cells in cultured rat hepatocyte suspension were observed using time-lapse video microscopy, they exhibited periodical contractions with a most-probable interval of 6 minutes under our experimental conditions. The addition of 1 micromol/L zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), a potent inhibitor of heme oxygenase, to the culture medium elicited a 40% shortening of the interval time together with an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations, while the same concentration of iron protoporphyrin IX did not induce such changes. The production of CO, which was 0.5 nmol/h/10(8) cells in the absence of ZnPP, diminished to less than 0.1 nmol/h/10(8) cells upon application of ZnPP. The ZnPP-elicited increases in both contractile frequency and intracellular calcium concentrations were attenuated by the addition of 1 micromol/L CO or 50 micromol/L 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-tetraacetate, a calcium chelator. Clotrimazole or metyrapone, inhibitors of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities, also attenuated the ZnPP-induced elevation of the contractile frequency. On the other hand, intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) contents were not altered significantly by the application of ZnPP or by CO. These results indicate that CO generated by heme oxygenase controls the BC function by changing intracellular calcium concentrations presumably through a mechanism involving the cytochrome P450 reaction.
The Physiological Action of Cuca and Cucaine
Authors: E. Caudwell
Journal: BMJ (1885)

THE following observations made on myself were undertaken at the suggestion of Dr. Mlurrell, with the view of ascertaining whether cuca or its alkaloid possessed any toxic action.The first series was made with valoid of cuca, a fluid extract, each part of which corresponds to an equal weight of the leaves of the cuca-plant.On December 9th,
THE STRUCTURE OF BLOOD AND ITS RELATION TO PRACTICAL MEDICINE.Read in the Section on Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: J. H. WYTHE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Physicians have always realized the importance of the study of blood. The ancient Hebrews regarded it as the life of the body, or the meeting point of body and soul. The humoral pathology,first elaborated by Hippocrates, and which was the prevailing doctrine of all medical theorists for hundreds of years, gave great importance to the evacuation af the blood by the lancet, the scarificator, and the cupping glasses. So universal was this practice that it attracted the censure and witticism of the literary world, culminating in the immortal "Doctor Sangrado" of Le Sage. Many who are still living can remember the careful directions given respecting blood-letting—how it should be drawn by a full stream into a warm deep basin, so that it may be set aside to coagulate gradually. Then the appearance of the clot, and of the buffy coat, had much to do with the judgment of the physician.
Carcinoma of the Rectum
Authors: Frederick S. Hopkins, Robert C. Tate
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THIS report is based on the cases of carcinoma of the rectum that have been seen in the Cancer Section of the Westfield State Sanatorium since it opened in the fall of 1937. Of the 165 patients seen before 1943 and so available for a five-year study, 112 had surgical treatment at West-field. The latter group constitutes the principal basis for this statistical study.The incidence was much greater in the male sex, there being 81 men and 31 women.The average age was sixty-seven years, the sixth and seventh decades furnishing most of the cases, although both the third . . .
Axial pressure gradient in the canine superior vena cava
Authors: J. MINTEN, F. V. D. WERF, A. EAUBERT, H. D. GEEST
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

In the superior vena cava of anaesthetised open chest dogs the axial pressure gradient was measured simultaneously with the blood flow velocity under different preload conditions. Both pressure gradient and velocity curves showed distinct systolic and diastolic waves. Peak pressure gradient ranged between 26 and 93 Pa·cm−1 (0.2-0.7 mm Hg·cm−1) and velocity varied between 0.095 and 0.19 m·s−1. Peak systolic pressure gradient, but not peak diastolic pressure gradient, was significantly linearly correlated to peak systolic velocity and peak diastolic velocity respectively. The shape of the two curves corresponded fairly well, but variations in pressure gradient preceded the variations in velocity. Both the correspondence in shape and the phase lag between pressure gradient and velocity waves were evaluated by the normalised cross correlation technique. During volume expansion the shape correspondence improved and the phase lag decreased. It is concluded that the transient vena caval blood velocity variations are directly related to the pulsatile axial pressure gradient.
Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis Associated with Intrathoracic Meningocele
Authors: C. Stuart Welch, Alice Ettinger, Paul L. Hecht
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

WE have recently encountered at operation an intrathoracic meningocele in a patient with Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis upon whom we had operated fully expecting to find a paravertebral neurofibroma. A search of the literature on the subject of anterior intrathoracic meningocele revealed an interesting association between this lesion and Recklinghausen's disease, which we believe deserves comment since this association is not generally known.Because of its rarity anterior intrathoracic meningocele is almost never considered in the differential diagnosis of intrathoracic tumor. Groedel1 mentions the lesion in this connection in his textbook on roentgenographic diagnosis, but otherwise we have found no similar reference. . . .
Sentencing mentally disordered offenders
Authors: D. Chiswick
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The British government has introduced a new law for dealing with mentally disordered offenders because, it says, “the public has a right to expect to be protected from dangerous offenders” (Home Office press release 130/96, “Stronger powers for courts in sentencing mentally disordered offenders,” 3 May 1996). For nearly 40 years magistrates and judges have had the option of sending such people to hospital instead of prison. Under section 37 of the Mental Health Act 1983, such “hospital orders” depend on clinical evidence that the offender suffers from a mental disorder (mental illness, mental impairment, severe mental impairment, or psychopathic disorder) for which compulsory treatment in hospital is appropriate, and on the court's view that it is the most suitable disposal. About 600 hospital orders are made by courts in England annually. Discharge from hospital is at the discretion of the treating consultant or mental health review tribunal.

When there is a requirement to protect the public from serious harm, the sentencing judge can impose an order under section 41 restricting discharge indefinitely. These cases (about 250 a year) are handed over to the psychiatrist for treatment and to the home secretary …
TCT-24 Late Outcomes of Unprotected Left Main Stenting in Comparison With Surgical Revascularization - Ten-Year Clinical Follow up of the LEMANS trial
Authors: Buszman E. Pawel, Piotr P. Buszman, Iwona Banasiewicz Szkrobka, Krzysztof P. Milewski, Aleksander Zurakowski, Bartłomiej Orlik, Wojciech Wojakowski, Adam Janas, R. Stefan Kiesz, Andrzej Bochenek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The multiphasic profile of free fatty acids during the intravenous glucose tolerance test is unresponsive to exogenous insulin
Authors: A.E. Sumner, R.N. Bergman, G.L. Vega, D.J. Genovese, C.S. Cochran, K. Pacak, R.M. Watanabe, R.C. Boston
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Incidence of late potentials after myocardial infarction: Relationship to patency of the infarct related artery
Authors: Brian McClements, Tom G. Trouton, Gavin W.N. Dalzell, Norman P.S. Campbell, Sam W. Webb, Mazhar M. Khan, Carol M. Wilson, George C. Patterson, A.A.Jennifer Adgey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Elevated intracellular IFN-γ levels in circulating CD8 + lymphocytes in patients with fulminant hepatitis
Authors: Kiminori Kimura, Kazuki Ando, Eiichi Tomita, Hiroo Ohnishi, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Shinichi Kakumu, Yasutoshi Muto, Hisataka Moriwaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
The Nobel Prizes, the Carnegie Institute, and the Promotion of Scientific Research.
Authors: Alfred C. Croftan
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Chicago, Jan. 26, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The beneficiaries of the Nobel fund receive $40,000 as a reward for past achievement; the beneficiaries of the Carnegie fund, according to the last report of the "Institution," are to receive "not more than $1,000 a year" as an incentive to future achievement. The recipients of the Nobel prizes have arrived at the zenith of their scientific career and, presumably, do not need this stipend. The recipients of the Carnegie money are expected some day to climb to equal heights, presumably with the aid of a thousand dollars a year. It is stated expressly that the men who are made beneficiaries of the Carnegie Institution must have shown "particular aptitude for the prosecution of original investigations," must be willing to devote all their time to advance research, and must agree to publish nothing without the approval of the Carnegie directors. In return they are
Overexpressing Sonic Hedgehog Peptide Restores Periosteal Bone Formation in a Murine Bone Allograft Transplantation Model
Authors: Chunlan Huang, Minghui Tang, Eric Yehling, Xinping Zhang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Although activation of hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to induce osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo, the underlying mechanisms and the potential use of Hh-activated mesenchymal progenitors in bone defect repair remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that implantation of periosteal-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (PDMPCs) that overexpressed an N-terminal sonic hedgehog peptide (ShhN) via an adenoviral vector (Ad-ShhN) restored periosteal bone collar formation in a 4-mm segmental bone allograft model in immunodeficient mice. Ad-ShhN enhanced donor cell survival and microvessel formation in collagen scaffold at 2 weeks after surgery and induced donor cell-dependent bone formation at 6 weeks after surgery. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis further showed that Ad-ShhN-PDMPC-seeded scaffold contained a twofold more CD45(-)Sca-1(+)CD34(+)VEGFR2(+) endothelial progenitors than Ad-LacZ-PDMPC-seeded scaffold at day 7 after surgery. Ad-ShhN-transduced PDMPCs induced a 1.8-fold more CD31(+) microvessel formation than Ad-LacZ-transduced PDMPCs in a coculture of endothelial progenitors and PDMPCs. Taken together, our data show that overexpression of ShhN in mesenchymal progenitors improves bone defect reconstruction by enhancing donor progenitor cell survival, differentiation, and scaffold revascularization at the site of compromised periosteum. Hh agonist-based therapy, therefore, merits further investigation in tissue engineering-based applications aimed at enhancing bone defect repair and reconstruction.
Ventricular arrhythmias during the first year after acute myocardial infarction: influence of long-term treatment with metoprolol.
Authors: G Olsson, N Rehnqvist
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Three hundred and one patients who had been hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, were less than 70 years old, were in sinus rhythm, and did not have complete bundle branch block were stratified before discharge according to age, size of infarction, and type of ventricular arrhythmias as determined on a 6 hr electrocardiogram (ECG). They were thereafter randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with 100 mg bid metoprolol or placebo. Repeat 6 hr ECGs were recorded 3 days and 1, 6, and 12 months after treatment had begun. In the placebo group there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with complex premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) (i.e., multiform, paired and R-on-T PVCs, or ventricular tachycardia) as well as increased numbers of PVCs in the patients during the follow-up. In contrast, an initial decrease in the number of PVCs (p less than .001) was found in the metoprolol group, whereas the complexity of PVCs was constant in those patients who continued on metoprolol therapy throughout the follow-up period. We conclude that the increase in complexity and number of PVCs that is part of the natural clinical course after myocardial infarction is counteracted by long-term treatment with metoprolol.
Do branched chain keto amino acids regulate their own metabolism?
Authors: Peter Schauder
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The effects of branched-chain α-ketoacids on flux through and activity state of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex were studied in hepatocytes prepared from chow-fed, starved, and low-protein-diet-fed rats. Very low concentrations of α-ketoisocaproate caused a dramatic stimulation (50% activation at 20 μM) of α-ketoisovalerate decarboxylation in hepatocytes from low-protein-fed rats. α-Keto-β-methylvalerate was also effective, but less so than α-ketoisocaproate. α-Ketoisocaproate did not stimulate α-ketoisovalerate decarboxylation by hepatocytes from chow-fed or starved rats. To a smaller degree, α-keto-β-methylvalerate and α-ketoisovalerate stimulated α-ketoisocaproate decarboxylation by hepatocytes from low-protein-fed rats. The implied order of potency of stimulation of flux through branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase was α-ketoisocaproate &gt; α-keto-β-methylvalerate &gt; α-ketosiovalerate, i.e., the same order of potency of these compounds as branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors. Fluoride, known to inhibit branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase phosphatase, largely prevented α-ketoisocaproate and α-chloroisocaproate activation of flux through the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase. Assay of the branched-chain α-ketoacid complex in cell-free extracts of hepatocytes isolated from low-protein-diet-fed rats confirmed that α-ketoacids affected the activity state of the complex. Branched-chain α-ketoacids failed to activate flux in hepatocytes prepared from chow-fed and starved rats because essentially all of the complex was already in the dephosphorylated, active state. These findings indicate that inhibition of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase activity by branched-chain α-ketoacids is important for regulation of the activity state of hepatic branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase.