tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical students' beliefs about nine different specialties.
Authors: A F Furnham
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A total of 449 preclinical and postclinical students from three London University medical schools completed one of nine versions of a 50 item questionnaire seeking their attitudes to nine specialties: anaesthetics, general practice, gynaecology, hospital medicine, paediatrics, pathology, psychiatry, radiology, and surgery. There were three main findings. Firstly, though item by item analysis yielded interesting and predictable differences, such as the negative attitudes to psychiatry, the students9 attitudes and beliefs were multidimensional: whereas any specialty might be seen as highly positive on one dimension--for example, effectiveness--it might be seen as highly negative on another--for example, relationships with patients. Secondly, the nine specialties seemed to be discriminative on two dimensions--soft versus hard; general versus specific--such that psychiatry was seen as soft and specific, general practice soft and general, and surgery hard but neither general nor specific. Thirdly, these attitudes tended to differ between preclinical and clinical students, but only modestly, in that some extreme (positive and negative) attitudes were modified by experience.
Amperometric Glucose Sensor: Short-Term, In Vivo Test
Authors: Jan J Lewandowski, Ewa Szczepańska-Sadowska, Janusz Krzymień, Maciej Nalxecz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

The influence of selected physiologic coreactants on current-voltage scans of a (Pt-pvc) Pt electrode (the working electrode of the amperometric glucose sensor) was tested. It was shown that the electrode is sufficiently sensitive to glucose even in a case when a strong interference of tested substances was observed. On the basis of the preliminary in vivo measurements it was concluded that after the proper pretreatment, the amperometric glucose sensor can be used for short-term blood glucose monitoring.
Correction of Hyponatremia
Authors: Melvin Yudis, Sigmund Greenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 November 1973Correction of HyponatremiaMELVIN YUDIS, M.D., SIGMUND GREENBERG, M.D.MELVIN YUDIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SIGMUND GREENBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-5-764 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article, "Rapid Correction of Hyponatremia in the Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone", by Hantman and colleagues (Ann Intern Med 78:870-875, 1973), focuses on treating the life-threatening cerebral dysfunction of severe hyponatremia. His method uses furosemide-induced diuresis and simultaneous intravenous replacement of urinary cation losses.We wish to report our recent experiences in the rapid reversal of severe hyponatremia in this syndrome (1). It combines the use of furosemide, which decreases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle, and the potent mineralocorticoid desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), which selectively increases sodium reabsorption (without much...Reference1. GREENBERG S and YUDIS M: Rapid reversal of inappropriate-antidiuretic-hormone syndrome (letter). Lancet 1:547, 1971 CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. NOLPH K and SCHRIER R: Sodium, potassium and water metabolism in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Am J Med 49:534-545, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. KAYE M: An investigation into the cause of hyponatremia in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Am J Med 41:910-926, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MELVIN YUDIS, M.D.; SIGMUND GREENBERG, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySaturated heterocycles, 75. Preparation of tetracyclic thiophene derivatives with bridgehead nitrogen. Synthesis of polymethylenethieno[2,3?d]dihydropyrrolo-, tetrahydropyrido- and tetrahydroazepino[1,2?a]pyrimidin-4-ones and -4-thiones 1 November 1973Volume 79, Issue 5Page: 764-765KeywordsAntidiuretic hormoneCationsHyponatremiaMineralocorticoidsSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Swivel in Treatment of Fractures in the Long Bones
Authors: N. Dunn
Journal: BMJ (1939)

pital, the Stock and Brands Department, country hospitals, and private practitioners; secondly, to engage in research into the causation, diagnosis, and cure of disease in man and animals; thirdly, by close collaboration with the University of Adelaide teaching departments of patho- logy, bacteriology, and applied physiology, to inculcate in the medical students a proper appreciation of the importance of laboratory medicine, and to imbue them with a scientific outlook.The buildings, which have been erected at a cost of upwards of £50,000, are of the most modern design, and the problems of sound-absorption,
Abstract P5-10-18: Echocardiography on Neonates Exposed to Anthracycline Therapy In Utero for Maternal Breast Cancer
Authors: EH Cardonick, A Usmani, S Ghaffar, D Wood, M. Levine
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Anthracycline therapy carries a risk for cardiac toxicity in pediatric and adult populations. It is unknown if this risk also applies to fetuses exposed in utero. The objective of this study is to evaluate the cardiac function of neonates exposed to anthracyclines in utero. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study. Pregnant women diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent anthracycline based chemotherapy and delivered a liveborn infant after 24 weeks, were offered enrollment. Patients provided written consent to obtain doses and dates of chemotherapy treatment. Echocardiograms were offered to all newborns exposed as fetuses to anthracyclines. Women chose to perform this echocardiogram locally or at the institution of the primary investigator. Baseline fetal cardiac evaluation was reportedly normal on ultrasound prior to starting chemotherapy. Chemotherapy Regimens: Adriamycin/Cytoxan (n=20). 5-Fluorouracil/Adriamycin/Cytoxan (n=3) There were no cases of exposure to epirubicin or idarubicin. Mean dosage of Adriamycin was 57/m2 +/−8.0. Results: Twenty three neonates participated. Neonatal echocardiograms done at a mean age of 15 +/−26 months, (range 3 days of life to 9.75 years). RV wall, IVS and LV posterior wall diastolic and systolic thickness measurements were within normal limits for age and BSA. Mean shortening fraction was 41+/−10%. (normal 33 +/− 3%). In all 23, AV and semilunar valves were normal. Great arteries were normal in 22/23, with one case of a small pulmonary artery fistula. At 2 years of age, this was not hemodynamically significant. Patent foramen ovale was noted in 4 cases, all in children less than 2.0 months of age. Two children ages 3 days to 1.4 months had a PDA. One child at 1 year of age had an ASD. No structural or functional heart defects were diagnosed in any of these children. Discussion: Cardiac function appears to be preserved in neonates exposed to adriamycin chemotherapy in utero. Any toxic effects on fetal myocytes was not evident in postnatal echocardiograms. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-10-18.
Acute pancreatitis and serological evidence of infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Authors: R Freeman, M J McMahon
Journal: Gut (1978)

Paired acute and convalescent serum samples from 27 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were examined for evidence of infection with several viral agents. Evidence of infection with Coxsackie viruses group B was found in three patients, and of infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in nine patients (33%). This latter finding confirms recent reports from Scandinavia linking pancreatitis and serological evidence of infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The possibility that a true association exists between the two conditions is considered, together with alternative explanations, and further work is envisaged to elucidate these findings.
Autonomy and its discontents
Authors: Chris Sinha
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Müller's review of the neuroscientific evidence undermines nativist claims for autonomous syntax and the argument from the poverty of the stimulus. Generativists will appeal to data from language acquisition, but here too there is growing evidence against the nativist position. Epigenetic naturalism, the developmental alternative to nativism, can be extended to epigenetic socionaturalism, acknowledging the importance of sociocultural processes in language and cognitive development.
Abstract A13: Interleukin-1β promotes brain metastasis of breast cancer by activating Notch signaling through reactive astrocytes
Authors: Fei Xing, Aya Kobayashi, Hiroshi Okuda, Misako Watabe, Puspa R. Pandey, Sudha K. Pai, Yin Liu, Kerui Wu, Kounosuke Watabe
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metastatic diseases are responsible for the majority of the deaths in breast cancer patients, and brain is one of the most common metastatic sites. The metastatic tumor in the brain profoundly affects the cognitive and sensory functions as well as morbidity of patients, and the one year survival rate among these patients remains less than 20%. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of brain metastasis, and therefore, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the molecular mechanism of metastatic process in order to define a specific therapeutic target. Our analysis of existing microarray database indicate that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is highly expressed in MDA-MB231BrM2a (231BrM) cell line which is capable of preferentially metastasizing to the brain. IL-1β is known to have an ability of “activating” astrocytes that are often found in the metastatic niche, and therefore, it is speculated that the reactive astrocytes can promote growth and invasion of metastasized cells in the brain. To explore this possibility, we examined the effect of IL-1β and the conditioned medium of 231BrM cells on rat primary astrocytes in vitro. Our results of qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicate that IL-1β and the conditioned medium significantly up-regulated the Notch ligand, JAG1, in astrocytes, and that this up-regulation was abrogated by the NF-kB inhibitors, PDTC and RO 106-9920. We also found that the interaction between CSCs and astrocytes significantly enhances the self-renewal ability of CSCs. To further examine the interaction of astrocytes and tumor cells in the brain, we intracardially injected 231BrM cells in nude mice, and tumor growth was monitored by Xenogen bioimager. After 4 weeks, metastatic tumor growth was observed at multiple sites of the brain, and the results of immunohistochemical analysis indicated that astrocytes adjacent to the metastatic lesions strongly expressed JAG1 and the reactive astrocyte marker, GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein). Finally, we found that a BBB-permeable Notch inhibitor was able to significantly suppress metastatic growth of breast cancer in the brain in our animal model. These results represent a novel paradigm for the understanding of how metastatic breast CSCs re-establish their niche for their self-renewal in a totally different microenvironment, which opens a new avenue to identify a novel and specific target for the brain metastatic disease. Citation Format: Fei Xing, Aya Kobayashi, Hiroshi Okuda, Misako Watabe, Puspa R. Pandey, Sudha K. Pai, Yin Liu, Kerui Wu, Kounosuke Watabe. Interleukin-1β promotes brain metastasis of breast cancer by activating Notch signaling through reactive astrocytes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Governance of Teaching Hospitals: Turmoil at Penn and Hopkins
Authors: Donald C. Harrison
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 June 2004Governance of Teaching Hospitals: Turmoil at Penn and HopkinsDonald C. Harrison, MDDonald C. Harrison, MDFrom University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-11-200406010-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Kastor JA, ed. 356 pages. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 2004. $55.00. ISBN 0801874203. Order phone 800-537-5487.Field of medicine: Medical center and hospital administration; academic leadership.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Those responsible for directing health colleges, academic medical centers, and university hospitals. The subject should interest those planning careers in academic medicine.Purpose: To identify factors that led to changes in governance at 2 leading medical institutions, the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and to follow-up on how these changes affected the relationships among university presidents, university hospital directors, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 2004Volume 140, Issue 11Page: 940KeywordsAcademic medicineHospital medicinePersonalitySoftware tools ePublished: 1 June 2004 Issue Published: 1 June 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The biocompatibility of materials used in printed circuit board technologies with respect to primary neuronal and K562 cells
Authors: Manuela Mazzuferi, Roberta Bovolenta, Massimo Bocchi, Tanja Braun, Joerg Bauer, Erik Jung, Bruno Iafelice, Roberto Guerrieri, Federica Destro, Monica Borgatti, Nicoletta Bianchi, Michele Simonato, Roberto Gambari
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Dasatinib Inhibits Migration and Invasion in Diverse Human Sarcoma Cell Lines and Induces Apoptosis in Bone Sarcoma Cells Dependent on Src Kinase for Survival
Authors: Audrey C. Shor, Elizabeth A. Keschman, Francis Y. Lee, Carlos Muro-Cacho, G. Douglas Letson, Jonathan C. Trent, W. Jack Pledger, Richard Jove
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal tumors for which there are limited treatment options. One potential molecular target for sarcoma treatment is the Src tyrosine kinase. Dasatinib (BMS-354825), a small-molecule inhibitor of Src kinase activity, is a promising cancer therapeutic agent with p.o. bioavailability. Dasatinib exhibits antitumor effects in cultured human cell lines derived from epithelial tumors, including prostate and lung carcinomas. However, the action of dasatinib in mesenchymally derived tumors has yet to be shown. Based on our previous findings of Src activation in human sarcomas, we evaluated the effects of dasatinib in 12 cultured human sarcoma cell lines derived from bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Dasatinib inhibited Src kinase activity at nanomolar concentrations in these sarcoma cell lines. Downstream components of Src signaling, including focal adhesion kinase and Crk-associated substrate (p130CAS), were also inhibited at similar concentrations. This inhibition of Src signaling was accompanied by blockade of cell migration and invasion. Moreover, apoptosis was induced in the osteosarcoma and Ewing's subset of bone sarcomas at nanomolar concentrations of dasatinib. Inhibition of Src protein expression by small interfering RNA also induced apoptosis, indicating that these bone sarcoma cell lines are dependent on Src activity for survival. These results show that dasatinib inhibits migration and invasion of diverse sarcoma cell types and selectively blocks the survival of bone sarcoma cells. Therefore, dasatinib may provide therapeutic benefit by preventing the growth and metastasis of sarcomas in patients. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2800–8]
Radioisotope Localization of the Placenta in Polaroid Color
Authors: Leon Krohn
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A safe and accurate method of localization of the placenta is still of prime importance in establishing a positive diagnosis of placenta previa. However, with the increasing use of amniocentesis<sup>1</sup>for analysis of amniotic fluid and fetal transfusion in the management of erythroblastosis fetalis, for amniography, and for the diagnosis of fetal death and induction of labor in such cases by the instillation of hypertonic solutions, more specific knowledge of the exact location of the placenta becomes essential to eliminate the risk of trauma to the placenta when inserting the needle into the amniotic sac. The use of radioactive isotopes for placental localization is generally accepted as superior to other techniques.<sup>2</sup>Soft tissue x-ray techniques with or without contrast media<sup>3,4</sup>have enjoyed a limited degree of success, being of little diagnostic value before the 35th week of gestation. Aortography<sup>5</sup>and retrograde femoral arteriography<sup>6</sup>are more
Identification of an <scp>ABCB1</scp> (P‐glycoprotein)‐positive carfilzomib‐resistant myeloma subpopulation by the pluripotent stem cell fluorescent dye <scp>CDy1</scp>
Authors: Teresa S. Hawley, Irene Riz, Wenjing Yang, Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi, Louis DePalma, Young‐Tae Chang, Weiqun Peng, Jun Zhu, Robert G. Hawley
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the malignant expansion of differentiated plasma cells. Although many chemotherapeutic agents display cytotoxic activity toward MM cells, patients inevitably succumb to their disease because the tumor cells become resistant to the anticancer drugs. The cancer stem cell hypothesis postulates that a small subpopulation of chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells is responsible for propagation of the tumor. Herein we report that efflux of the pluripotent stem cell dye CDy1 identifies a subpopulation in MM cell lines characterized by increased expression of P-glycoprotein, a member of the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) superfamily of transporters encoded by ABCB1. We also demonstrate that ABCB1-overexpressing MM cells are resistant to the second-generation proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib that recently received accelerated approval for the treatment of therapy-refractive MM by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Moreover, increased resistance to carfilzomib in sensitive MM cells following drug selection was associated with upregulation of ABCB1 cell-surface expression which correlated with increased transporter activity as measured by CDy1 efflux. We further show that chemosensitization of MM cells to carfilzomib could be achieved in vitro by cotreatment with vismodegib, a hedgehog pathway antagonist which is currently in MM clinical trials. CDy1 efflux may therefore be a useful assay to determine whether high expression of ABCB1 is predictive of poor clinical responses in MM patients treated with carfilzomib. Our data also suggest that inclusion of vismodegib might be a potential strategy to reverse ABCB1-mediated drug resistance should it occur.
Beyond quantum probability: Another formalism shared by quantum physics and psychology
Authors: Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov, Janne V. Kujala
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract There is another meeting place for quantum physics and psychology, both within and outside of cognitive modeling. In physics it is known as the issue of classical (probabilistic) determinism, and in psychology it is known as the issue of selective influences. The formalisms independently developed in the two areas for dealing with these issues turn out to be identical, opening ways for mutually beneficial interactions.
Vesiculobullous Dermatitis From Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Frank E. Cormia
Journal: JAMA (1965)

RECENTLY, a study has been made of a patient with a chronic, recurrent vesiculobullous dermatitis of the hands. The eruption flared dramatically when cigarette or pipe tobaccos were smoked and involuted following the cessation of smoking. There was a strongly positive, immediate, wheal-like reaction to an intradermal test with tobacco extract, a positive reaction to a passive-transfer test and negative reaction to patch tests with tobacco on the previously involuted sites. This type of eruption in response to tobacco smoke is apparently unique and is the subject of this report. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 35-year-old white man, a printer, was first seen on May 29, 1964, because of a severe, secondarily infected, chronic vesiculobullous dermatitis of the fingers and palmer and dorsal aspects of the hands, and a few vesicular lesions that had recently appeared on the soles. He had been troubled with moderate hay fever for some years,
Cost-effectiveness of three strategies for second-line erlotinib initiation in nonsmall-cell lung cancer: the ERMETIC study part 3
Authors: I. Borget, J. Cadranel, J-P. Pignon, E. Quoix, B. Coudert, V. Westeel, E. Dansin, J. Madelaine, A. Madroszyk, S. Friard, C. Daniel, F. Morin, C. Chouaid
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Several clinical and biological parameters are known to influence the efficacy of second-line erlotinib therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but their medico-economic impact has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to compare the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of strategies for second-line erlotinib initiation in NSCLC: clinically guided initiation (nonsmoking females with adenocarcinoma received erlotinib; all other patients received docetaxel) and biologically guided selection (patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation received erlotinib; patients with wild-type EGFR or unknown status received docetaxel), compared with initiation with no patient selection (strategy reference). A Markov model was constructed. Outcomes (overall and progression-free survival), transition probabilities and direct medical costs (from the French third-party payer's perspective) were prospectively collected for individual patients treated with either erlotinib or docetaxel, from treatment initiation to disease progression. Published data were used to estimate utilities and post-progression costs. Sensitivity analyses were performed. The biologically and clinically guided strategies were both more efficient (incremental quality-adjusted life-yrs equal to 0.080 and 0.081, respectively) and less expensive (cost decrease equal to €5,020 and €5,815, respectively) than the no-selection strategy, and the biologically guided strategy was slightly less expensive than the clinically guided strategy. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. The cost-effectiveness of second-line NSCLC treatment is improved when patients are selected on either clinical or biological grounds.
APPENDICITIS IN A CHILD LESS THAN TWO YEARS OLD.
Authors: GEO. W. NEWTON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The history of the following case is of interest chiefly on account of the age and as illustrating the necessity of care in examining the abdomen of children in disease of the bowels. When a child is too young to talk it is an easy matter to overlook the induration that might occur in a case of appendicitis. M. H., aged 1 year and 11 months, had been fretful and peevish for a few days before I was called to see her. At the time of my first visit she was suffering from intestinal derangement, with tongue coated, stools green and on her face an ecthyma. She had no temperature, but had vomited. I gave her calomel and regulated the diet. Three days afterward the face and tongue had improved but the stools were still green, had a bad odor, and she had a temperature—by the groin—of 101F., with the