tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Value of Endorectal Ultrasonography for Diagnosing Rectovaginal Septal Endometriosis Infiltrating the Rectum
Authors: R. Delpy, M. Barthet, M. Gasmi, S. Berdah, R. Shojai, A. Desjeux, L. Boubli, J.-C. Grimaud
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Rectovaginal septal endometriosis (RVSE) can pose serious therapeutic problems when there is infiltration of the rectal septum (which occurs in approximately half of the cases). The aim of this study was to assess the value of endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosing rectal wall involvement by pelvic endometriosis. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was carried out from May 1998 to March 2003 at a single hospital center. The 30 patients included in the study presented with suspected RVSE and underwent systematic anorectal endoscopic ultrasonographic exploration prior to the surgical intervention. The endoscopic ultrasonography was carried out under general anesthesia with a 7.5-MHz miniprobe equipped with a distal balloon. Results: The anorectal endoscopic ultrasonographic examination (EUS) showed the presence of endometriosis in the rectovaginal septum in 26 patients (88 %), in the uterosacral ligaments in 10 patients (33 %), and in the ovaries in two patients (6 %). At EUS, the nodules were infiltrating the rectal wall in 17 patients (56 %). The surgical exploration demonstrated endometriosis in the rectovaginal septum in 26 cases, the uterosacral ligaments in 22 cases, and the ovaries in 16 cases. The rectal wall was completely infiltrated in 12 cases and only partly in four cases, and intestinal tract resection was required in 10 cases. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of anorectal endoscopic ultrasonography as a means of diagnosing endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum and infiltration of the rectal wall were found to be 96 %, 100 %, 100 % and 83 %, and 92 %, 66 %, 64 % and 92 %, respectively; and the diagnostic accuracy was at 96 % and 80 %, respectively. The sensitivity for detecting nodules in the uterosacral ligaments or in the ovaries was 42 % and 14 %, respectively, leading to diagnostic accuracy rates of 56 % and 53 %. Conclusions: In terms of its sensitivity and its negative predictive value, anorectal endoscopic ultrasonography is a very effective means of detecting endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum and assessing possible infiltration of the rectal wall. However, this method is not as accurate for nodules located far from the EUS probe, as is the case with the uterosacral ligaments and ovaries.
An Address on Medical Education
Authors: G. H. Kidd
Journal: BMJ (1882)

A .8-2 wemic yrnptoms in this group (A3) of experiments, namely, about the fifth day when inoculated per vaginamnf.The first rabbit to be inocu- lated weighed nearly double as much as the second, and received t*ice the amount of septic fluid, but both showed septicaemic symptoms, and died together on the same day.They also presented much the-same
Celecoxib dilates guinea-pig coronaries and rat aortic rings and amplifies NO/cGMP signaling by PDE5 inhibition
Authors: T KLEIN, M ELTZE, T GREBE, A HATZELMANN, M KOMHOFF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Objective Celecoxib carries a smaller cardiovascular risk for myocardial infarction and hypertension than other cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs ("coxibs") and may ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to determine which mechanism possibly accounts for the beneficial effect by investigating its vascular action in different in vitro preparations in comparison with other coxibs and reference phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors.
Epidemiologic Features of 1,134 Sudden, Unexpected Infant Deaths
Authors: Robert Strimer
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A study was made of several epidemiologic features of 1,134 sudden, unexpected infant deaths which occurred in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland), Ohio during the decade 1956 through 1965. The frequency of occurrence of these deaths was greater among nonwhites (5.85 per 1,000 live births) than among whites (2.39 per 1,000 live births) and higher among male infants (3.50 per 1,000 live births) than among female (2.70 per 1,000 live births). Grouping of sudden, infant deaths with respect to median income of the census tract of residence of the child showed progressively lower rates for both whites and nonwhites with increasing income. Three fourths of the deaths occurred in infants less than 25 weeks of age. Sudden, unexpected infant deaths fluctuated by season, with greater frequency in cold months than in warm months.
Vascular Disease in Mice With a Dysfunctional Circadian Clock
Authors: Ciprian B. Anea, Maoxiang Zhang, David W. Stepp, G. Bryan Simkins, Guy Reed, David J. Fulton, R. Daniel Rudic
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States and the world. A profound pattern exists in the time of day at which the death occurs; it is in the morning, when the endothelium is most vulnerable and blood pressure surges, that stroke and heart attack most frequently happen. Although the molecular components of circadian rhythms rhythmically oscillate in blood vessels, evidence of a direct function for the "circadian clock" in the progression to vascular disease is lacking.In the present study, we found increased pathological remodeling and vascular injury in mice with aberrant circadian rhythms, Bmal1-knockout and Clock mutant. In addition, naive aortas from Bmal1-knockout and Clock mutant mice exhibit endothelial dysfunction. Akt and subsequent nitric oxide signaling, a pathway critical to vascular function, was significantly attenuated in arteries from Bmal1-knockout mice.Our data reveal a new role for the circadian clock during chronic vascular responses that may be of significance in the progression of vascular disease.
Indian advocacy group urges Woody Allen to accept display of antismoking messages across latest film
Authors: D. Sachan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A New Delhi advocacy group that provides health information to young people has written to the Hollywood director Woody Allen, urging him to release his latest movie, Blue Jasmine , in India.

Allen recently pulled the film from the country’s cinemas because India’s stringent antitobacco laws require a static antismoking warning to appear on screen whenever a character lights up.1

The non-profit group, Health Related Information Dissemination Amongst Youth (HRIDAY), justified the Indian film …
1007-17 Demonstration of Pericardial Constraint in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: John J. Atherton, Suhas S. Lele, Helen L. Thomson, Karen N. Wright, Gerry W.F. Muehle, Thomas Moore, Israel Belenkie, Andrew J. Galbraith, John V. Tyberg, Michael P. Frenneaux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Antihaemophilic globulin: preparation by an improved cryoprecipitation method and clinical use.
Authors: D. L. Brown, R. M. Hardisty, M. H. Kosoy, C. Bracken
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The control of bleeding episodes in haemophilia and the pre vention of excessive haemorrhage after surgical procedures depend chiefly on raising the patient's plasma factor VIII concentration to an appropriate haemostatic level, and maintain ing this so long as the likelihood of bleeding continues. With whole plasma it is impossible to achieve levels much above 25%, or to maintain values constantly above about 10% for more than two or three days, without overloading the patient's circulation. In order to overcome this problem antihaemophilic globulin concentrates have been prepared for clinical use by a variety of methods. Most of these require much time and technical skill, and involve considerable loss of activity during the process. The cryoprecipitate method of Pool and her associates, however (Pool et al., 1964 ; Pool and Shannon, 1965), based on their observation (Pool and Robinson, 1959) that when frozen plasma is thawed in the cold most of the factor VIII remains in the cold-insoluble precipitate, provides a simple means of preparation of potent antihaemophilic globulin con centrates, suitable for introduction as a routine blood-banking procedure.
Blood compatibility of novel water soluble hyperbranched polyglycerol-based multivalent cationic polymers and their interaction with DNA
Authors: Rajesh Kumar Kainthan, Muthiah Gnanamani, Munia Ganguli, Tanay Ghosh, Donald E. Brooks, Souvik Maiti, Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Decisions on WHO's essential medicines need more scrutiny
Authors: C. Barbui, M. Purgato
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Global endorsement as a WHO essential medicine is big step. But <b>Corrado Barbui</b> and <b>Marianna Purgato</b> find that the quality of applications for antidepressants and antipsychotics is poor and call on applicants and WHO to raise standards
Restoration of SHIP activity in a human leukemia cell line downregulates constitutively activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/GSK-3β signaling and leads to an increased transit time through the G1 phase of the cell cycle
Authors: S Horn, E Endl, B Fehse, M M Weck, G W Mayr, M Jücker
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Derivation of Embryonic Stem-Cell Lines from Human Blastocysts
Authors: Chad A. Cowan, Irina Klimanskaya, Jill McMahon, Jocelyn Atienza, Jeannine Witmyer, Jacob P. Zucker, Shunping Wang, Cynthia C. Morton, Andrew P. McMahon, Doug Powers, Douglas A. Melton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Embryonic stem cells have the unique ability to form all adult cell types.Harnessing this potential may provide a source of cells to replace those that are lost or impaired as a result of disease.Moreover, the derivation of human embryonic stem cells opens a unique window into the study of early human development.At present, approximately 15 human embryonic stem-cell lines are publicly available, and they vary considerably in their usefulness for research and the extent of their characterization (see http://stemcells.nih.gov/registry/index.asp).To promote further research with human embryonic stem cells, we sought to derive and characterize more fully cell lines that meet strict criteria for ease of manipulation, including enzymatic passage with trypsin, streamlined freezing and thawing procedures, well-defined culture mediums, and straightforward methods for in vitro differentiation.We report the derivation and characterization of 17 additional human embryonic stem cell lines.We obtained frozen cleavage-and blastocyststage human embryos, produced by in vitro fertilization for clinical purposes, after obtaining written informed consent and approval by a Harvard institutional review board.A total of 286 frozen and thawed cleaved embryos (6 to 12 cells each) were cultured to the blastocyst stage, and 58 frozen and thawed blastocysts were allowed to re-expand in culture, whereupon they were treated with Tyrode's solution to remove the zona pellucida, followed by immunosurgery to isolate inner cell masses. 1 Many of these embryos were of such poor quality that they did not develop or divide after thawing.Nevertheless, 97 inner cell masses were isolated, and 17 individual human embryonic stem-cell lines (HUES1 through HUES17) were derived according to published protocols that we modified in terms of medium composition, enzymatic dissociation, and pro-
Promoting Translational and Clinical Science: The Critical Role of Medical Schools and Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Howard B Dickler, David Korn, Steven G Gabbe
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Historic advances in biomedical research provide both unprecedented insights into the pathogenesis of human diseases and the challenge to translate these insights efficiently into improved health. Meeting this challenge requires the creation of a robust translational and clinical research enterprise [1], which, in turn, depends critically on the ability of academic medicine to produce and support enough physician–scientists to enable the enterprise.

Yet, academic translational and clinical research in the United States continues to face serious obstacles. These obstacles include the sharply diminishing ability of clinical departments to underwrite research from patient-care revenues; a declining share of industry-sponsored clinical trials; the prospect of flat or declining National Institutes of Health (NIH) budgets over the near term; the perceived disadvantage of clinical research applications in NIH peer review; overly burdensome regulatory requirements; undervaluation by academic medical culture; and the lure of greater financial rewards, and even professional satisfaction, in full-time clinical practice.

Responding to this challenge, the Association of American Medical Colleges convened its second Clinical Research Task Force (CRTF II) to advise the academic medical community how best to (1) attract, develop, and nurture increased numbers of independent translational and clinical investigators; (2) create infrastructure needed for these investigators to be successful; and (3) finance translational and clinical science.

This Policy Forum summarizes the task force’s recommendations and conclusions, which are animated by the vision of an academic medical culture that values and supports translational and clinical research; transmits the excitement of such research to medical students, residents, and postdoctoral fellows; and establishes viable and

Academic translational and clinical research continues to face serious obstacles.

appealing career paths for physician investigators who conduct such research. The full report, which is available both in monograph and on the Web [2], focuses specifically on the obstacles facing academic translational and clinical research in the US; a recent report addresses related issues in the United Kingdom [3].
403 RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN GLOBULIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C AND VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN
Authors: N. Reau, R. Satoskar, A. DeVoss, G. Reddy, H. Te, S. Mohanty, L. Espinosa, D. Jensen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
UK lags behind other rich countries in terms of children's welfare
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The United Kingdom ranks lowest overall of 21 industrialised countries in a new assessment of children's welfare, says a report released this week by Unicef.

The report is based on data from members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) compiled by Unicef's Innocenti Research Centre. The report claims to provide “for the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the lives and well-being of children and young people in 21 nations of the industrialised world.”

Drawing on 40 separate indicators relevant to children's lives and children's rights, it attempts to measure child welfare in six categories: material wellbeing, health …
Cellular biocompatibility and stimulatory effects of calcium metaphosphate on osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells
Authors: Eui Kyun Park, Young Eun Lee, Je-Yong Choi, Sun-Ho Oh, Hong-In Shin, Kyo-Han Kim, Shin-Yoon Kim, Sukyoung Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Why Isn't a Commercial Sex Worker a Prostitute?
Authors: James F. Marks
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I have no statement to make about the scientific content of the article by Nelson et al.<sup>1</sup>I would, however, chastise Nelson et al for further contributing to the sterilization of the English language. I find the use of the term<i>commercial sex worker</i>just a trifle too bland and a touch squeamish. No one should object to the use of the word<i>prostitute</i>in a medical journal.
Raffaele Paolucci and His<i>Mignatta</i>
Authors: Eugene G. Laforet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

A TWENTIETH-CENTURY surgeon imbued with Renaissance catholicity, medieval chivalry and Ciceronian patriotism, Raffaele Paolucci brought to every task a stubbornness more Teuton than Latin. It may even be fair — if somewhat inelegant — to suggest that the same leech-like tenacity responsible for the name of his "mignatta" was also characteristic of the man.Born in Rome on June 1, 1892, the son of a captain in the Royal Italian Navy, Paolucci grew up in a home where love of God and country was the prevailing theme. As a schoolboy his moral and physical fiber was toughened at . . .
A Miniature Tank for Supply of Carbon Dioxide for Carboangiocardiography
Authors: George E. Burch, John H. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1963)

SINCE THE INTRODUCTION of the method of intravenous injection of carbon dioxide into the right side of the heart, by Oppenheimer et al,<sup>1</sup>for visualization of the pericardium and right atrial wall, there has been an ever-increasing interest in this technique for the differential diagnosis of myocardial dilatation or enlargement and pericardial effusion and thickening. The procedure, carboangiocardiography, is safe and useful in clinical cardiology.<sup>2,3</sup>Unfortunately, CO<sub>2</sub>is supplied to hospitals and laboratories in large, heavy, and crude metal tanks which must be equipped with pressure gauges and reduction valves. This makes an otherwise simple procedure a cumbersome one which tends to discourage its general use. After obtaining more than 200 carboangiocardiograms at this institution in the differential diagnosis of pericardial disease, it became evident that a simple, inexpensive, and lightweight apparatus would facilitate the procedure and encourage its general use in radiology departments and medical services
Elevation of Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Gaucher's Disease
Authors: Jack Lieberman, Ernest Beutler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

MEASUREMENT of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme has been found useful for confirming a diagnosis of active sarcoidosis.1 The mean serum level in patients with active sarcoidosis is twice that found in healthy controls or in patients with other types of chronic lung or granulomatous disease. Elevations of this serum enzyme activity are believed to result from the release or loss of the enzyme from epithelioid cells of the sarcoid granulomata.2 The serum level returns to normal in sarcoidosis with either spontaneous resolution of the disease or with therapeutic doses of corticosteroid medication. Thus, the elevated enzyme levels are not due to . . .
The Biopsychosocial Approach to the Patient
Authors: James S. Eaton
Journal: JAMA (1982)

During the past decade, the American public has become somewhat critical of the way in which improved technology has led to fragmented and seemingly depersonalized medical care. Where was the family doctor who was truly concerned about the<i>whole</i>patient? Federally supported primary care training programs and increasing numbers of psychiatric consultation/liaison programs in general hospitals have responded to this concern with efforts aimed at bridging the gap between the biologic and the psychosocial aspects of patient care. George Engel's 1977 essay in<i>Science</i>called for a new medical model, a biopsychosocial one that would do away with the reductionism in mind-body dualism inherent in the biomedical model. There have been a number of efforts by author-educators to relate this model to clinical situations.<i>The Biopsychosocial Approach to the Patient</i>is one such effort. Its author, Chase Kimball, professor of psychiatry and medicine at the University of Chicago, is well
A PET Study of the Pathophysiology of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Authors: Steven G. Potkin, Gustavo Alva, Kirsten Fleming, Ravi Anand, David Keator, Danilo Carreon, Michael Doo, Yi Jin, Joseph C. Wu, James H. Fallon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to compare cerebral metabolic patterns in schizophrenic subjects with predominantly negative symptoms (alogia, affective flattening, avolition, and attentional impairment) and in those with predominantly positive symptoms. METHOD: Fourteen right-handed male subjects with DSM-IV schizophrenia were assigned to groups with predominantly negative or predominantly positive symptoms on the basis of their post-drug-washout scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The patients were compared to seven age- and gender-matched normal volunteers. PET scans with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose were obtained during a degraded Continuous Performance Task to measure absolute glucose metabolic rates. Statistical parametric mapping was used to estimate the regional metabolic differences between groups. RESULTS: The subjects with predominantly negative symptoms had significant differences in glucose metabolic rates, compared to both the subjects with predominantly positive symptoms and the normal subjects. Negative symptom subjects had a lower glucose metabolic rate in the right hemisphere, especially in the temporal and ventral prefrontal cortices, compared to the other groups, and higher metabolic rates in the cerebellar cortex and in the lower deep cerebellar nuclei. Negative symptom subscale scores were negatively correlated with glucose metabolic rates for most of the brain areas that differentiated subjects with predominantly negative symptoms from those with predominantly positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Schizophrenic subjects with predominantly negative symptoms have greater metabolic abnormalities than subjects with predominantly positive symptoms, particularly in frontal, temporal, and cerebellar circuitry. These results are consistent with abnormalities in corticocortical, corticobasal ganglia, mesocortical dopamine, and cerebellar-thalamic-prefrontal circuits, which may underlie the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Angry relatives attack doctors and hospitals in Nepal
Authors: K. Dahal
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Smoking is a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the mechanism of the association remains unknown. We show that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induces extensive translocation of the RNA regulatory protein HuR/ELAVL1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in TGFβ1-activated lung fibroblasts. Increased levels of cytoplasmic HuR are associated with different pathological processes and our aim was to investigate the multi-level RNA regulative networks of CSE-induced cytoplasmic HuR in lung fibrosis. Identification of HuR-specific RNA targets, explored by CLIP (cross-linking and immunoprecipitation) and subsequent high-throughput sequencing, revealed several fibrotic genes, including COL1A1 and COL1A2, as some of the most frequently bound targets in the cytoplasm. Evaluation of HuR-bound RNA sequences showed a difference in 4-meric binding motifs between nuclear and cytoplasmic HuR fractions, with increased binding to polyU-rich RNA motifs in the cytoplasm. Interestingly, the polyU-rich binding was reduced upon TGFβ1/CSE stimulation. Additionally, the TGFβ1/CSE stimulation led to reduced binding of cytoplasmic HuR to 3’UTR RNA regions and increased interaction with the coding regions. This suggests a global shift of HuR function from 3’UTR-dependent RNA stabilization in the direction of potential translational regulation of genes associated with fibrosis.
High FDG Uptake on Oncocytoma Located in the Retroperitoneum Mimicking Malignancy
Authors: Ryogo Minamimoto, Shoji Yamanaka, Masami Kawamoto, Mareyuki Endoh, Reiko Nishito, Keisuke Yoshida, Noboru Nakaigawa, Masahiro Yao, Yoshinobu Kubota, Tomio Inoue
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Oncocytoma is a benign tumor composed histologically of epithelial cells with abundant acidophilic, large granular cytoplasm packed with accumulating mitochondria, and can be arranged in alveolar, tubular, or solid patterns. Oncocytoma is commonly found in the kidneys, salivary glands, and endocrine organs. Oncocytoma arising in retroperitoneal heterotopic adrenal tissue is very rare. We report a case of oncocytoma that showed a significantly high uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) on positron emission tomography (PET) study. The lesion was located in the retroperitoneum and was strongly suspected of arising from retroperitoneal heterotopic adrenal tissue. High FDG uptake usually indicates existing malignant potential. Oncocytoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of high FDG uptake in a solid mass.