tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of stasis in the clotting of blood and milk flows around solid objects
Authors: J. R E CHRISTY, N. MACLEOD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Journal Article The role of stasis in the clotting of blood and milk flows around solid objects Get access JOHN R E CHRISTY, JOHN R E CHRISTY a From the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL aAddress correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr J R E Christy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NORMAN MACLEOD NORMAN MACLEOD From the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 23, Issue 11, November 1989, Pages 949–959, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/23.11.949 Published: 01 November 1989 Article history Accepted: 05 May 1989 Published: 01 November 1989
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: J. P. D. Reckless
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The current model in the UK is not necessarily the right one or the only one

Two linked analysis articles (doi:10.1136/bmj.c6244; doi:10.1136/bmj.c6312) and one research study (doi:10.1136/bmj.d108) on aspects of prevention of cardiovascular disease raise concerns as to what measures are the most efficient and cost effective.1 2 3 Despite major initiatives and improvements in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, increases in obesity and diabetes have the potential to worsen rather than improve future outcomes.

Severe hypertension and familial hypercholesterolaemia are single risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but blood pressure and cholesterol are measured on a continuous scale and risk of cardiovascular disease is multifactorial. Guidelines from the United States and United Kingdom cover the identification of people who are at high risk from multifactorial causes, but these guidelines are due for revision shortly⇓.4 5 6



Jim Varney/SPL

Most events occur in people with modest values of cholesterol (or low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) that overlap with those seen in people without cardiovascular disease, and Hingorani and Hemingway debate whether to target high risk people or screen whole populations.1 They favour wider eligibility for treatment with inexpensive generic statins and a wider population effort to reduce cardiovascular disease. However, a previous editorial in the BMJ concluded that although …
Renal Abscess
Authors: NICOLAS DUMAREY, ANDRÉ SCHOUTENS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium Received for publication April 5, 2002. Revision accepted July 8, 2002. Reprint requests: Nicolas Dumarey, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles - Hôpital Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract P1-09-05: Re-Testing of HER2 Status in Recurring Metastatic Breast Cancer Is a Clinically Relevant and Cost-Effective Strategy
Authors: M Bernow, U Wilking, J Bergh, B Jönsson, N. Wilking
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction Previously HER2 status has been shown to change in 6 to 30% of recurring metastatic breast cancer (RMBC) patients (pts). Still most clinicians base trastuzumab (TZ) re-treatment decisions on prior HER2 testing of the primary tumor. This study investigates cost-effectiveness of re-testing of HER2 status (REHER) of metastasis in RMBC pts before TZ treatment in a Swedish setting. Materials and methods A Markov state transition model is used to simulate six different strategies for REHER and treatment of RMBC. The analysis is performed for two cohorts with different patient management and resource use, based on: I Treatment guidelines and published data on the patient group (guideline cohort, GC); II Clinical practice with real life data from a Swedish breast cancer database (real life cohort, RLC). Quality adjusted life year (QALY) weights and risks of progression and breast cancer death are taken from literature. Outcomes are measured as QALYs gained and costs, including both direct and indirect costs. Analyses are performed with life time perspective and both costs and outcomes are discounted at 3%. Costs have been converted to USD with an exchange rate of 7.367 SEK/USD. Testing and treatment strategies. Results Chemotherapy alone for all pts (strategy 0) is least costly and results in 1.309 QALYs gained. IHC testing all pts and treat FISH confirmed IHC 2+ 3+ pts with TZ (strategy 4) has lowest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), $63,200 and $61,100 for GC and RLC respectively. FISH testing all pts and treating FISH+ with TZ (strategy 5) is the most efficient strategy resulting in 1.543 QALYs gained with an ICER at $75,500 and $73,300 respectively. Strategies 1 and 3 are dominated by simple dominance (less expensive alternative with better outcome). Strategy 2 is dominated by extended dominance (alternative with better effectiveness and lower ICER). Results for guideline and real life cohorts. Conclusion The cost of patient management calculated based on guidelines is similar to the one based on observed clinical practice. RLC is less costly but both cohorts give the same ranking of strategies. A Swedish study estimated willingness to pay (wtp) in Sweden to 88,900 $/QALY gained. If TZ treatment is an option REHER of metastasis is clinically relevant and cost-effective. Depending on the wtp strategies 4 and 5 can be considered. Interesting to notice is that strategy 1 (no re-testing of metastasis), probably the most common one used, is dominated and thus suboptimal regardless of wtp per QALY. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-05.
Some Hope Remains
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There is no such word as "indeterminant" (233:253, 1975). The word is "indeterminate," and there doesn't seem to be any advantage in changing the spelling of it. "Hopefully," (I see this once-offensive expression has been admitted toThe Journal'spages [233:252, 1975] despite previous objections of journal editors and others) the copy editors can be instructed to repair this blunder if it turns up again.
Fibrinolysin (Plasmin) Therapy in Acute Deep Thrombophlebitis
Authors: KENNETH M. MOSER, STEPHEN B. SULAVIK, GEORGE C. HAJJAR
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Sixty-two patients with deep thrombophlebitis of less than 10 days' duration were studied in controlled fashion. Thirty "control" patients were treated by routine methods including anticoagulant drugs. Thirty-two "treatment" patients received fibrinolysin (plasmin) in addition to control therapy. The composition of the groups studied and the protocol followed are presented in detail. Comparison of the 2 groups indicates that the addition of fibrinolysin to the therapeutic regimen leads to more rapid clearing of the acute phlebitic episode and may diminish the short-term incidence of phlebitic recurrence and pulmonary embolization. Postphlebitic residuals were encountered with almost equal frequency in both groups. Greater short-term differences in therapeutic response exist between control and fibrinolysin patients when analysis is restricted to those treated within 5 days of phlebitic onset. The available data do not permit firm conclusions regarding the apparently favorable influence of fibrinolysin upon the long-term prognosis of phlebitic subjects, but do indicate that recurrence and embolization can be expected in both groups. The factors that may influence the results obtained with fibrinolytic therapy are discussed and the importance of considering them in studies of this type is emphasized.
More on pneumonia: Treatment of MRSA in community acquired pneumonia
Authors: James Greig, Peter Jenks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Hoare and Lim's update on the diagnosis and management of community acquired pneumonia does not mention methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),1 which is becoming more common in the community as a true community associated organism, in patients in residential care, and in those discharged from hospital. Patients who have newly acquired MRSA often develop further infections unless carriage is cleared. One study showed that in the 18 months after first colonisation, over one quarter of individuals developed further MRSA infections, many of which were …
Dactylitis in gout: Figure 1
Authors: R Andracco, G Zampogna, M Parodi, F Paparo, M A Cimmino
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

The clinical spectrum of gout is changing. More frequently than before it is polyarticular, involves the hand, affects a wide range of ages and occurs in women.1 2 As a result, it is necessary to recognise its uncommon clinical features.

Dactylitis—inflammation of a finger or toe3—is typical but not peculiar to seronegative spondyloarthritides. It presents as a diffuse swelling due mainly to flexor tenosynovitis, but possibly also to soft tissue oedema and synovitis.4 Dactylitis has also been observed in infections, sarcoidosis, sickle cell disease and gout as a result of different pathological processes.3 In the only report on gout-associated dactylitis, it was seen in 4/80 patients (5%).5

Dactylitis was investigated in 73 consecutive patients with gout diagnosed according …
Neonatal folate, homocysteine, vitamin <scp>B</scp>12 levels and <i>methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase</i> variants in childhood asthma and eczema
Authors: R. J. P. van der Valk, J. C. Kiefte‐de Jong, A. M. M. Sonnenschein‐van der Voort, L. Duijts, E. Hafkamp‐de Groen, H. A. Moll, H. Tiemeier, E. A. P. Steegers, A. Hofman, V. W. V. Jaddoe, J. C. de Jongste
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Objectives To assess the associations of folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels of children at birth and their methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) variants with asthma and eczema in childhood. Methods This study was embedded in a population‐based prospective cohort study ( n = 2,001). Neonatal cord blood folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels were measured, and MTHFR C 677 T and A 1298 C genotyped. Wheezing and physician‐diagnosed eczema were annually obtained by questionnaire until 4 years. At 6 years, we collected information on physician‐diagnosed asthma ever and self‐reported eczema ever, measured fractional exhaled nitric oxide ( F e NO ), and interrupter resistance ( R int). Data were analysed with generalized estimating equations or logistic regression: continuous outcomes with linear regression models. Results Folate, homocysteine and vitamin B 12 levels of children at birth were not associated with wheezing or eczema until 4 years, asthma and eczema ever, or F e NO or R int at 6 years. In children carrying C 677 T mutations in MTHFR , higher folate levels were associated with an increased risk of eczema (repeated eczema until 4 years: OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.09–1.80) ( SD change) P ‐interaction = 0.003, eczema ever at 6 years: OR 1.41 (0.97–2.03) P ‐interaction = 0.011). No interactions between MTHFR and child folate and homocysteine levels were observed for wheezing and asthma. Conclusions Folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels of children at birth did not affect asthma‐ and eczema‐related outcomes up to the age of 6 years. Further studies are warranted to establish the role of MTHFR variants in these associations.
HYPERURICEMIA PREDICTS INCREASED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION, DYSLIPIDEMIA, AND HEPATIC STEATOSIS INDEPENDENT OF OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Tanya Keenan, Michael Blaha, Khurram Nasir, Michael Silverman, Jose Carvalho, Rajesh Tota-Maharaj, Raquel Concei&ccedil;&atilde;o, Roger Blumenthal, Raul Santos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
DIFFICULTY IN USE OF PET-FDG IN RESIDUAL OR RECURRENT BRAIN TUMORS AFTER IRRADIATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: T. Haynie, E. Kim, D. Podoloff, R. Tilbury, A. Yung, J. Bruner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Haynie, T.; Kim, E.; Podoloff, D.; Tilbury, R.; Yung, A.; Bruner, J. Author Information
Abstract 3505: Development of robust copy number assays for tumor FFPE tissues.
Authors: Ling-Yuh Huw, Rajesh Patel, Carol O'Brien, Ling Fu, Rajiv Raja, Lukas Amler, Garret Hampton, Mark Lackner
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Somatic copy number variations (CNVs) are frequently observed in cancer, likely a result high genomic and structural instability characteristic of cancer. CNVs have been shown to be important drivers for many oncogenic pathways and are associated with drug sensitivity and resistance. Therefore, these genetic alterations are valuable candidate biomarkers for patient stratification and predictors for therapeutic responses to targeted therapies. A fundamental challenge for copy number determination in tumor FFPE DNA is that the material is often degraded and modified by fixation, processing and storage. Here we present a PCR-based copy number assay utilizing target specific pre-amplification and a microfluidics detection system. 45 genes were selected based on literature and their potential relevance to therapeutic targets. This high-throughput platform showed excellent specificity and dynamic range from 1 to 100ng input genomic DNA. A panel of matched frozen and FFPE DNAs from cell lines were used for cross -validation with copy number identified by array CGH. A medium-center method is employed to calculate copy number and assess the extent of degradation in sample DNAs. To evaluate clinical utility of the technology, copy number alteration from a collection of matched primary and metastatic breast tumors as well as correlation between copy number changes and gene expression will be reported. We will also report results from a survey of other tumor types, including gastric cancer, mesothelioma, and HER2+ breast cancer. Citation Format: Ling-Yuh Huw, Rajesh Patel, Carol O'Brien, Ling Fu, Rajiv Raja, Lukas Amler, Garret Hampton, Mark Lackner. Development of robust copy number assays for tumor FFPE tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3505. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3505
UK lags behind other rich countries in reducing stillbirth rate
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The rate of stillbirths in the United Kingdom is higher than almost all other high income countries, shows new research in the Lancet .

The UK’s rate of stillbirths among babies born in the third trimester was 3.5 in every 1000 births in 2009, amounting to a total of about 4100. The only rich countries with a higher rate than the UK’s were France, with a rate of 3.9 per 1000, and Austria, with 3.7 per 1000.

Finland and Singapore had the lowest rate of stillbirths at 2 per 1000.

The report is part of a series on stillbirth …
EMBOLI—THE SEQUALÆ OF TWO CASES OF LABOR.
Authors: W. L. SCHENCK
Journal: JAMA (1887)

Recognizing the advantages that arise from an interchange of opinions upon the etiological and pathological conditions and therapeutic results observed in our daily routine of practice, I take pleasure in reporting the following cases. On Sept. 17, 1886, I was called to see Mrs. C, æt. 25, in consultation with Dr. Artz. She was a delicate little woman, but with fair general health; of English birth, and for five years a resident of Kansas. She was living on a rolling prairie, half a mile from any other house, with all the surroundings healthful, excepting that the house was over-crowded with occupants. She and her husband occupied a good sized and well ventilated room, with a south and east front, which, however, was over-crowded with various articles of furniture. She had been delivered five days before of her first child. The labor, though tedious, exhausting and followed by more than ordinary
Apnea and Periodic Breathing during Sleep
Authors: Neil S. Cherniack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In this issue of the Journal, Javaheri reports on his ongoing studies of periodic breathing during sleep in patients with congestive heart failure.1 Since breathing is usually regular, periodic breathing, with its clusters of breaths separated by intervals of apnea or near-apnea, has fascinated physicians for years.2,3 The pattern of periodic breathing can vary considerably. Cheyne–Stokes respiration is characterized by rhythmic rises and falls in tidal volume and breathing frequency and is usually observed in patients with congestive heart failure.At first, periodic breathing, regardless of the type, was thought to indicate a poor prognosis and to arise from . . .
BV6, an IAP Antagonist, Activates Apoptosis and Enhances Radiosensitization of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma In Vitro
Authors: Wenyan Li, Bo Li, Nicholas J. Giacalone, Artour Torossian, Yunguang Sun, Kathy Niu, Opal Lin-Tsai, Bo Lu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Itch expression by Treg cells controls Th2 inflammatory responses
Authors: Hyung-seung Jin, Yoon Park, Chris Elly, Yun-Cai Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis by limiting autoimmune and inflammatory responses. Treg differentiation, maintenance, and function are controlled by the transcription factor Foxp3. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying Treg cell regulation remain elusive. Here, we show that Treg cell–specific ablation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch in mice caused massive multiorgan lymphocyte infiltration and skin lesions, chronic T cell activation, and the development of severe antigen-induced airway inflammation. Surprisingly, Foxp3 expression, homeostasis, and the in vitro and in vivo suppressive capability of Treg cells were not affected by Itch deficiency. We found that the expression of Th2 cytokines by Treg cells was increased in the absence of Itch. Fate mapping revealed that a fraction of Treg cells lost Foxp3 expression independently of Itch. However, Th2 cytokines were excessively augmented in Itch–/– Foxp3-negative "ex-Treg" cells without altering the percentage of conversion. Targeted knockdown of Th2 transcriptional regulators in Itch–/– Treg cells prevented Th2 cytokine production. The present study unveils a mechanism of Treg cell acquisition of Th2-like properties that is independent of Foxp3 function and Treg cell stability.
Persistent myocardial sympathetic denervation in patients with neurocardiogenic injury
Authors: Alexander Kopelnik, Poyee P. Tung, Nader M. Banki, Michael W. Dae, Michael T. Lawton, Daryl Gress, Barbara J. Drew, Elyse Foster, William W. Parmley, Jonathan G. Zaroff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Great Men of Medicine
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Not all of our reading for medicine needs to be serious, strictly scientific, or technical. Some of it should be in the category of "light." For those who enjoy biographies, this book is a delightful collection of sketches of 10 physicians whose lives profoundly influenced medical procedures and our quest for knowledge. In the short compass allotted each physician, there is a vivid and concise picture. Original speeches or letters are skillfully used in the story. This is a book which should offer refreshing bedside reading. It is also a splendid introduction for students who are interested in medicine, since it encompasses so much in such a short amount of space.
Medical Schools, Internships, Residencies and Boards
Authors: William W. Engstrom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Undergraduate and graduate medical education is in a state of confusion as various commissions issue supposedly authoritative reports. The fact that the AMA's Council on Medical Education accepted the Millis Commission Report of 1966 has had a major damaging effect.1 The AMA House of Delegates, which approved the recommendations, and most educators failed to recognize its flaws.The major flaws are as follows: the Report failed to recognize the complexities of high-school, college, medical-school and postgraduate medical education; it assumed that all medical students know what their major interest might be 12 or more months before graduation, and recommended elimination . . .
Myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity is uncoupled from troponin I phosphorylation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy due to abnormal troponin T
Authors: Christopher R. Bayliss, Adam M. Jacques, Man-Ching Leung, Douglas G. Ward, Charles S. Redwood, Clare E. Gallon, O'Neal Copeland, William J. McKenna, Cristobal dos Remedios, Steven B. Marston, Andrew E. Messer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

We studied the relationship between myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and troponin I (TnI) phosphorylation by protein kinase A at serines 22/23 in human heart troponin isolated from donor hearts and from myectomy samples from patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). We used a quantitative in vitro motility assay. With donor heart troponin, Ca2+ sensitivity is two- to three-fold higher when TnI is unphosphorylated. In the myectomy samples from patients with HOCM, the mean level of TnI phosphorylation was low: 0.38 ± 0.19 mol Pi/mol TnI compared with 1.60 ± 0.19 mol Pi/mol TnI in donor hearts, but no difference in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was observed. Thus, troponin regulation of thin filament Ca2+ sensitivity is abnormal in HOCM hearts. HOCM troponin (0.29 mol Pi/mol TnI) was treated with protein kinase A to increase the level of phosphorylation to 1.56 mol Pi/mol TnI. No difference in EC50 was found in thin filaments containing high and low TnI phosphorylation levels. This indicates that Ca2+ sensitivity is uncoupled from TnI phosphorylation in HOCM heart troponin. Coupling could be restored by replacing endogenous troponin T (TnT) with the recombinant TnT T3 isoform. No difference in Ca2+ sensitivity was observed if TnI was exchanged into HOCM heart troponin or if TnT was exchanged into the highly phosphorylated donor heart troponin. Comparison of donor and HOCM heart troponin by mass spectrometry and with adduct-specific antibodies did not show any differences in TnT isoform expression, phosphorylation or any post-translational modifications. An abnormality in TnT is responsible for uncoupling myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity from TnI phosphorylation in the septum of HOCM patients.
Book Review Diagnosis of Diseases of the Breast Edited by Lawrence W. Bassett and Valerie P. Jackson, with Reza Jahan, Yao S. Fu, and Richard H. Gold. 610 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1997. $145. 0-7216-3796-5
Authors: David Duggan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)
110 RELAPSE RATE AND OUTCOME AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (LT) IN FORMER INTRAVENOUS DRUG (IVD) ABUSERS
Authors: A. De Gottardi, M.-N. Hilleret, O. Guillaud, P. Gelez, P. Majno, A. Hadengue, P. Morel, J.-P. Zarski, G. Mentha, O. Boillot, V. Leroy, E. Giostra, J. Dumortier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)