tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHRONIC SKIN AFFECTIONS IN THE SOLDIER
Authors: C. J. HAILPERIN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

possible manner those soldiers who have cerebral, spinal and peripheral nerve lesions, and especially those who because of unusual and violent emotions reported in battle became functionally mutilated, namely, the invalids of the nerves, of the sight, of the hearing, of the speech and of the mind.37 West Fifty-Fourth Street.
Mastocytosis and Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: D J Bac, M van Marwijk Kooy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A 61 year old man with dryness of the eyes and mouth, constitutional and musculoskeletal symptoms is described. A diagnosis of fibromyalgia with Sjögren9s syndrome was made elsewhere. Further examination, however, disclosed diffuse mast cell infiltration in several organs, including the labial accessory salivary glands.
Hypoalbuminaemic hyponatraemia: a new syndrome?
Authors: P Dandona, V Fonseca, D N Baron
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Six patients with severe hyponatraemia had neurological features of hyponatraemia and pronounced hypoalbuminaemia. All had biochemical features typical of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone with low serum osmolality and an inappropriately high urinary osmolality. All were given infusions of whole plasma or albumin solution, or both, to restore their plasma albumin concentrations to normal, which led to a dramatic increase in plasma sodium concentrations and serum osmolality, with a concomitant fall in urinary osmolality in all patients. Neurological features were reversed in four patients. It is suggested that severe hypoalbuminaemia is an important cause of appreciable hyponatraemia; infusions of plasma and albumin in such patients may reverse the biochemical and clinical features and should form the basis of management.
Tug of war in the haematopoietic stem cell niche: do myeloma plasma cells compete for the HSC niche?
Authors: J E Noll, S A Williams, L E Purton, A C W Zannettino
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

In the adult mammal, normal haematopoiesis occurs predominantly in the bone marrow, where primitive haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their progeny reside in specialised microenvironments. The bone marrow microenvironment contains specific anatomical areas (termed niches) that are highly specialised for the development of certain blood cell types, for example HSCs. The HSC niche provides important cell-cell interactions and signalling molecules that regulate HSC self-renewal and differentiation processes. These same signals and interactions are also important in the progression of haematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma (MM). This review provides an overview of the bone marrow microenvironment and its involvement in normal, physiological HSC maintenance and plasma cell growth throughout MM disease progression.
A case of bullous pemphigoid associated with infiltration and activation of basophils
Authors: T. Ugajin, M. Takahashi, C. Miyagishi, K. Takayama, H. Yokozeki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Funding sources: This work was partly supported by TMDU Presidential Grant‐in‐Aid for Young Scientists and a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (H‐24‐007), Japan. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease that is caused by autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal proteins such as BP180. BP is typically accompanied by blood eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration into the lesion. In addition, serum IgE levels in patients with BP are upregulated.1 T helper (Th)2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13, have been detected in lesional skin biopsies from patients with BP.2 These findings suggest that Th2‐type immunity is involved in BP pathogenesis. Basophils are now recognized as a major source of Th2 cytokines.3 4 Recent studies in mice revealed that basophil‐derived IL‐4 promotes antigen‐specific Th2 cell differentiation.4 5 Basophil‐derived IL‐4 has also been shown to promote eosinophilic inflammation in the lung6 and to amplify the production of autoantibodies in a mouse model of lupus.7 However, it remains unknown whether basophils mediate the pathological mechanisms of Th2‐dominant autoimmune diseases, especially in humans. Here we report a case of BP associated with infiltration and activation of basophils.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Antibody to HBsAg
Authors: Dale E. Dietzman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The prevalence rates of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) were 5.6% and 34% in 144 homosexual men in Seattle. Prevalence rates were only 0.9% and 3.6% in 111 heterosexual male venereal disease clinic patients with nongonococcal urethritis, and also 0.9% and 3.6% in 111 healthy men undergoing routine physical examinations. Thus, previous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) was estimated to be 8.8 times greater for homosexual men than for heterosexual men. Four of four HBsAg positive sera from homosexual men were subtyped as "ad," whereas subtype "ay" is preponderant in intravenous drug abusers. Future public health measures to control HBV infection should address the prevention of sexually transmitted HBV infection among homosexual men.
Peripheral Enhancement in a Hepatic Hemangioma Seen in a Technetium-99m DTP A Renal Image
Authors: CORAZON J. CABAHUG, WALTON W. SHREEVE, JOHN L. BATEMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

This case illustrates peripheral enhancement in a hepatic hemangioma demonstrated in a Technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-99m DTPA) image. Peripheral enhancement in hemangiomas has previously been reported in Tc-99m labeled RBC studies, in computed tomography images, and in ultrasonography (1-4), but, to our knowledge, not in extrarenal uptake of Tc-99m DTPA (5). A 78-year-old, white woman was worked-up for hematuria in 1987. A renal image with Tc-99m DTPA showed uptake in a hepatic cavernous hemangioma, previously diagnosed in 1984 with CAT and Tc-99m labeled RBC images. The reason for the progressive accumulation of Tc-99m DTPA in the hepatic hemangioma is probably caused by the blood-pool of the lesion with probable extravasation secondary to altered capillary permeability (6).
Myocardial infarction with angiographically normal coronary arteries
Authors: F. Robicsek
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Among the possible causes listed by Dr Chandrasekaran and Dr Kurbaan (August 2002, JRSM1) for the enigmatic condition of myocardial infarction with angiographically normal coronary arteries are atheroma, hypercoagulable state, emboli, endothelial dysfunction, dissection and inflammation. The observations of Bogren2, as well as ours3, indicate that functional coronary artery disease in the presence of seemingly normal coronary arteries may also be caused by abnormal stiffness of the aortic wall (syndrome X). To understand the mechanism, one has to recall the fact that the lion's share of coronary flow occurs during diastole and this flow equals the ‘back-flow’ from the aortic arch, which is entirely dependent on aortic wall compliance. In other words, during systole the aorta expands proportionally with the pressure and with the elasticity of its wall, and in diastole the flow reverses and the compliant aorta ‘pays back’ the amount of blood that it stored. As aortic compliance decreases because of fibrosis or for other reasons, so does the aortic back-flow. In severe cases, aortic wall stiffness could lead to coronary underperfusion and myocardial ischaemia.
A framework for assessing risks to children from exposure to environmental agents.
Authors: George Daston, Elaine Faustman, Gary Ginsberg, Penny Fenner-Crisp, Stephen Olin, Babasaheb Sonawane, James Bruckner, William Breslin, Tara J McLaughlin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

In recent years there has been an increasing focus in environmental risk assessment on children as a potentially susceptible population. There also has been growing recognition of the need for a systematic approach for organizing, evaluating, and incorporating the available data on children's susceptibilities in risk assessments. In this article we present a conceptual framework for assessing risks to children from environmental exposures. The proposed framework builds on the problem formulation-->analysis-->risk characterization paradigm, identifying at each phase the questions and issues of particular importance for characterizing risks to the developing organism (from conception through organ maturation). The framework is presented and discussed from the complementary perspectives of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics.
Brain Scan Abnormalities in Intracerebral Sarcoidosis
Authors: WILLIAM H. McCARTNEY, LUTHER E. LINDNER, JERRY L. PRATHER, MARTIN L. NUSYNOWITZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

We present a case in which dramatic anterior midline uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate simulated a suprasellar tumor in a patient with sarcoid. The brain scan abnormalities proved to represent extensive hypothalamic and basal ganglia involvement by sarcoidosis.
Diffuse lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
Authors: A. Macfarlane, D. Davies
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>MacFarlane, A., and Davies, D. (1973).</b><i>Thorax,</i><b>28,</b> 768-776. <b>Diffuse lymphoid interstitial pneumonia.</b> A woman developed linear shadows in the chest radiograph at the age of 54 years. Over the next 11 years she gradually became thin and breathless. When she died she had clubbing of the fingers and extensive consolidation with some honeycombing in her lungs. Necropsy examination showed large yellowish-brown deposits in the lungs. Microscopically these were composed of sheets of mature lymphocytes. There was complete destruction of the lung architecture and there were deposits of hyaline material. In the less affected areas the distribution was interstitial. Other organs were not involved. There was no evidence that this was a localized tumour of lymphatic origin. The condition is best regarded as a rare variety of interstitial pneumonia, the classification of which is reviewed briefly.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Personality: A Controlled Study
Authors: D. J. Ward
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Evidence in support of claims for the existence of a special relationship between personality and rheumatoid arthritis is conflicting. In this study four groups—one of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, one of patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis, one of neurotic patients, and a normal control group—were compared by means of the Maudsley Personality Inventory (M.P.I.) and a neurotic trait in childhood (N.T.C.) score. Both arthritis groups had a lower M.P.I. neuroticism score than the normal control group, with greater significance in the chronic arthritis group. The neurotic group had a significantly higher neuroticism score than the other three groups. Both arthritis groups had a lower extraversion score than normal controls, again with greater significance in the chronic arthritis group. The neurotic group scored significantly less than normal controls on the extraversion scale and intermediately between the early and chronic arthritis groups. There was no significant difference between the arthritis groups and the normal control group in the N.T.C. score, but it was significantly increased in the neurotic group. These findings suggest that people with rheumatoid arthritis differ significantly in personality from normal and from neurotic people, that the differences are accentuated with chronicity in the rheumatoid process, and that the differences develop as a result of the arthritis.
Four drug companies breach industry's code of practice
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Four drug companies have been found guilty of breaching the pharmaceutical industry code of practice and one, Novo Nordisk, has been publicly reprimanded for its behaviour.

The four breaches were deemed serious enough to justify placing advertisements in the BMJ, The Nursing Standard and The Pharmaceutical Journal, an action which is taken when companies are ruled to have reduced confidence in the industry, or are publicly reprimanded.

The four companies involved were Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Grunenthal, and Napp Pharmaceuticals. The code is designed to set standards for the promotion and marketing of drugs and is adjudicated by the Prescription Medicines Code of Practice Authority.

Two complaints against Novo Nordisk were considered. In the first, which resulted from a complaint by Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk was found to have promoted a diabetes drug, …
Use of an Extended Monitoring Strategy in Patients With Problematic Syncope
Authors: Andrew D. Krahn, George J. Klein, Raymond Yee, Teri Takle-Newhouse, Caro Norris
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The conventional investigation of patients who present with syncope involves short-term ECG monitoring or provocative testing with head-up tilt and electrophysiological testing. A symptom-rhythm correlation is often difficult to obtain during spontaneous syncope because of its sporadic, infrequent, and unpredictable nature. Methods and Results —We used a prolonged monitoring strategy to determine the cause of syncope in 85 patients (age, 59±18 years; 44 men) with recurrent undiagnosed syncope with an implantable loop recorder capable of cardiac monitoring for up to 18 months. During a mean of 10.5±4.0 months of follow-up, symptoms recurred in 58 patients (68%) 71±79 days (2.3±2.6 months) after implantable loop recorder insertion. An arrhythmia was detected in 42% of patients who recorded a rhythm during recurrent symptoms, with bradycardia present in 18 and tachycardia in 3. Five of the 18 bradycardic patients and 2 additional sinus rhythm patients received a clinical diagnosis of neurally mediated syncope. Patients who experienced presyncope were much less likely to record an arrhythmia during symptoms compared with recurrence of syncope (24% versus 70%, P =0.0005). There were no adverse events associated with recurrent symptoms, and there were no sudden deaths. Inability to freeze after an event occurred in 8 patients, and pocket infection occurred in 3. Conclusions —The strategy of prolonged monitoring is effective and safe in patients with problematic syncope.
Development of a Scale to Measure Adherence to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose With Latent Variable Measurement
Authors: Julie A Wagner, Robert A Schnoll, Martin T Gipson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Adherence to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is problematic for many people with diabetes. Self-reports of adherence have been found to be unreliable, and existing paper-and-pencil measures have limitations. This study developed a brief measure of SMBG adherence with good psychometric properties and a useful factor structure that can be used in research and in practice.A total of 216 adults with diabetes responded to 30 items rated on a 9-point Likert scale that asked about blood monitoring habits. In part I of the study, items were evaluated and retained based on their psychometric properties. The sample was divided into exploratory and confirmatory halves. Using the exploratory half, items with acceptable psychometric properties were subjected to a principal components analysis. In part II of the study, structural equation modeling was used to confirm the component solution with the entire sample. Structural modeling was also used to test the relationship between these components. It was hypothesized that the scale would produce four correlated factors.Principal components analysis suggested a two-component solution, and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this solution. The first factor measures the degree to which patients rely on others to help them test and thus was named "social influence." The second component measures the degree to which patients use physical symptoms of blood glucose levels to help them test and thus was named "physical influence." Results of the structural model show that the components are correlated and make up the higher-order latent variable adherence.The resulting 15-item scale provides a short, reliable way to assess patient adherence to SMBG. Despite the existence of several aspects of adherence, this study indicates that the construct consists of only two components. This scale is an improvement on previous measures of adherence because of its good psychometric properties, its interpretable factor structure, and its rigorous empirical development.
Realität und klinische Bedeutung der Todestriebe
Authors: S. Biran
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

In Freud's teaching on the duality of the life and death instincts, a clear distinction must be drawn between the philosophical and the psychological aspects. On the philosophical concept, no opinion can at present be expressed. As a sychological tenet, it can be tested (introspectively in the normal individual and by analytical elucidation of the pathological existence). Testing in this way confirms the hypothesis in every respect, although in an appropriately modified form. Introspection reveals in every wish, in addition to the desire for satisfaction in the sense of the pleasure and reality principle, two possible methods of dealing with the wish beyond the pleasure principle: namely the search for obliteration of the wish, i.e. the Nirvana principle, and the desire for increase of the displeasure, the need for suffering. These two unworldly forms of satisfaction imply biological death only indirectly, as possible means of attaining the end. They are normally extremely weak, however, and transfer the whole of their energy to the more direct means of satisfaction of the desire. Only where they are constitutionally or otherwise abnormally intensified do they come into conflict with the latter and give rise firstly to Freud's 'translation' of the neurotic process and secondly to melancholia. Two examples of such neurotic 'translation' are adduced to show in greater detail the two psychopathological layers. In the neurotic layer, the conflicts and problems of attainment and the fictive attempts to solve them are found. The second layer, however, is dominated by an elementary compulsion to suffer, lending fresh substance to the self-accusations proceeding from the first layer and rendering the condition resistant to therapy. In melancholia, the patterns inimical to life emerge much more strongly, since the disease process itself is constituted here by the conflict between them und the desire for real satisfaction. Just as there are two forms of negative fulfilment, there are also two forms of melancholia: one which may be called melancholia in the strict sense, and another which constitutes a bridge to the schizophrenias and which is here called 'nirvanosis'. The nature of this latter is illustrated by the description of a case.
M'Naghten Rules
Authors: A. A. Bartholomew
Journal: BMJ (1954)

A case of a 23-year-old woman with a paraovarian tumor is presented. The patient complained of pelvic pain and abdominal swelling. Cystectomy was the initial surgical treatment, but after the histological diagnosis, a staging surgery was carried out. The clinical aspects and subsequent management of related cases are discussed, and a literature review is made.
Physicians and Their Patients' Suicides
Authors: Steven H. Miles
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE AMERICAN debate about whether to legalize physicianassisted suicide touches the head and the heart of medical ethics. Participants have focused on moral philosophy or civil rights, speculated about the consequences for society or for patients' views of physicians, and criticized the current provision of end-of-life medical care.<sup>1-3</sup>There has been little discussion about how the psychology of doctor-patient relationships may influence decisions about physician-assisted suicide. This issue is relevant to understanding how patients and physicians make decisions and to the design of policy safeguards to prevent improper assisted suicides. Even clinician/writers have been nearly silent on the psychology of doctoring in physician-assisted suicide. Their writings have centered on moral reasoning, the need for better end-of-life care, the societal consequences of legalization, or historical norms for medical practice.<sup>2,4-7</sup>Quill<sup>8</sup>has looked at the complex psychology of the patient's request.<sup>8</sup>Some clinicians, such as Goodwin<sup>9</sup>in
EVALUATION OF AORTIC STENOSIS BY REAL TIME THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN BIPLANE MODE
Authors: Mi-Seung Shin, Bong Roung Kim, Kwen-Chul Shin, Kyoung Hoon Lee, Wook-Jin Chung, Woong Chol Kang, Tae Hoon Ahn, In Suk Choi, Eak Kyun Shin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Unusual Symptoms following the Use of Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati
Authors: W. E. Green
Journal: BMJ (1884)

muary 21st, 1884.He had been complaining about a month of aching pain in his feet, especially the left.The paili was in the instep an ankle.He was walking on the inner side of his boot.On examina- tion, it was found that the arch of the foot had yielded, and that the inner ankle was unduly prominent.The lower epiphysis of the fibula, as well as that of the tibia, was enlarged.The ligaments had yielded less on the right side.On treating his urine with nitric acid, a con- siderable quantity of albumen was precipitated.His complexion was pale, and his forehead prominent.There was considerable beading of his ribs.His throat was congested, and his tonsils large; but of his throat he made no complaint.The second case came first on March 27th, 1884, when his urine was not examined.H. N., aged 15, a printer's boy, sought advice on account of a weak foot and ankle.The right foot had quite lost its arch, and the ankle-bones were prominent.The left foot was also flat.The wrists were slightly enlarged, but the ribs were not distinctly beaded.When he attended on April 17th, his urine was examined, andcl found to contain a considerable quantity of albumen.
Identification of Known and Novel PTCH Mutations in Both Syndromic and Non‐syndromic Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumors
Authors: Shuang Pan, Li‐li Xu, Li‐sha Sun, Tie‐jun Li
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2009)

To clarify the role of PTCH in patients with NBCCS-related and non-sydromic keratocystic odontogenic tumors.Mutation analysis was undertaken in 8 sporadic and 4 NBCCS-associated KCOTs.Four novel and two known mutations were identified in 2 sporadic and 3 syndromic cases, two of which being germline mutations (c.2179delT, c.2824delC) and 4 somatic mutations (c.3162dupG, c.1362-1374dup, c.1012 C>T, c.403C>T).Our findings suggest that defects of PTCH are associated with the pathogenesis of syndromic as well as a subset of non-syndromic KCOTs.