tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Actual Causes of Death in the United States-Reply
Authors: William H. Foege
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The letters published here and the direct responses of others have been helpful in broadening the look at actual causes of death. Drs Tyson and Detmer point out the problems with death certificate classifications' obscuring true etiologies. In addition, fashions change making it even more difficult to interpret time trends. We support efforts to improve death certificate classifications. Dr Blackman points out the problem of determining how much of the firearm-related death tragedy in this country is actually alcohol-related. In the absence of good alcohol data, we decided we could not disaggregate the two risks in a meaningful way. His comment that "most premature deaths would still have occurred, simply by other means" is contradicted by all of the death trend data. It is the decline in premature mortality that has dramatically increased life expectancy both in developed and developing countries. Mr Lincoln questions the relationship of tobacco
Comparing Surgical Treatments for Sciatica—Reply
Authors: Mark P. Arts
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Kohl: a lead-hazardous eye makeup from the Third World to the First World.
Authors: C Parry, J Eaton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Kohl is a widely used traditional cosmetic. It is mainly worn around the eyes in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. It may be a pervasive source of lead poisoning in those areas and among individuals from those areas who have immigrated to developed nations. Samples of kohl were purchased in Morocco, Mauritania, Great Britain, and the United States. Some of these samples originated from Pakistan, India, and Saudi Arabia. Kohl is widely believed to consist of antimony, but analysis consistently revealed only trace amounts of antimony. Nine of the twenty-two samples tested contained less than 0.6% lead; however, seven samples had lead levels in excess of 50%. The remainder ranged from 3.31 to 37.3%. Third-world-manufactured kohls were purchased in the United States and Britain, suggesting that this hazard is no longer confined to the third world. Those kohls that contained lead were sold in violation of laws on lead in cosmetics in both of these nations. Third-world physicians and health care workers appear to be unaware of possible lead uptake from unsuspected traditionally used items. Physicians in developed nations with patients from Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa need to factor in the possibility of past or present lead intake from unorthodox sources such as kohl.
High quality of screening colonoscopy in Austria is not dependent on endoscopist specialty or setting
Authors: Karin Kozbial, Karoline Reinhart, Georg Heinze, Christian Zwatz, Christina Bannert, Petra Salzl, Elisabeth Waldmann, Martha Britto-Arias, Arnulf Ferlitsch, Michael Trauner, Werner Weiss, Monika Ferlitsch
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

International studies have shown differences in the outcome of screening colonoscopies related to the endoscopist's specialty and setting of colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of these two factors on quality parameters for screening colonoscopy in a quality-assured screening program.Adenoma detection rate (ADR), cecal intubation rate (CIR), polypectomy rate, flat polyp detection rate, carcinoma detection rate, sedation rate, complication rates, and other parameters of 59 901 screening colonoscopies performed by 178 endoscopists were analyzed in relation to specialty (35 gastroenterologists: 10 066 colonoscopies [16.8 %]; 84 nongastroenterologists: 26 271 colonoscopies [43.9 %]; 59 surgeons: 23 564 [39.3 %]), and setting (hospital: 12 580 [21.6 %] colonoscopies; office: 45 781 [78.4 %] colonoscopies).The overall ADR was 20.5 % and the CIR was 95.6 %. The ADR did not show any statistical significance, either in relation to specialty or to setting. A significant difference in the CIR was found between hospital-based and office-based internists (98.5 % vs. 96.8 %, respectively; P = 0.0005; odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.4 - 3.4). Hospital-based internists had a significantly higher flat polyp detection rate (7.5 % vs. 4.1 %; P = 0.02; OR 1.9, 95 %CI 1.1 - 3.2) and a significantly lower carcinoma detection rate (0.4 % vs. 0.6 %; P = 0.03; OR 0.7, 95 %CI 0.5 - 1.0) compared with office-based internists. Complication rates were significantly lower among surgeons than among internists (0.1 % vs. 0.2 %; P = 0.03; OR 0.5, 95 %CI 0.3 - 1.0).Endoscopists participating in the Austrian quality assurance program offered high quality screening colonoscopy regardless of their specialty and setting. The implementation of a standardized quality program is therefore a decisive factor in quality improvement of screening colonoscopy.
THE USE OF ALCOHOL IN TREATMENT OF CARBOLIC ACID BURNS AND POISONING.
Authors: HERMAN A. KLEIN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Having used alcohol in the treatment of carbolic acid poisoning and burns with most gratifying results, I venture to give my observations for the benefit of those who have had no experience with this antidote. It not only enables us to save many lives that are threatened by the accidental or intentional misuse of carbolic acid, but it widens the field of use of one of the most powerful germicides, for it enables us to use the full germicidal properties of the acid without any dangerous caustic effect. I believe that the following cases justify my statements: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —Some one threw about two ounces of carbolic acid on the face and hands of a woman, and when I arrived, about fifteen minutes after the occurrence, I bathed the injured parts freely with alcohol for half an hour. Marked improvement took place at once; pain was diminished, and the skin
BRAIN NMR IN THYROID HORMONE DEFICIENCY AND REHABILITATION
Authors: A. Tzika, B. L. Engelstad, P. S. Timiras
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

These studies explore the sensitivity of NMR to detect brain responses to physiological influences such as thyroid hormones. The well known thyroid hormone actions regulate brain development and maturation; neonatal hypothyroidism induces cretinism. Proton relaxation times were measured using partial saturation and spin echo techniques on a 10.7 MHz (0.25 T) pulsed NMR Analyzer (Praxis II). Long-Evans rats were made hypothyroid at birth by the addition of a goitrogen (PTU) to the drinking water of the mother and maintained thereon until weaning. The developmental pattern in control animals shows a marked decrease in T1 and T2 relaxation times from 10 days (age of eye opening) to 24 days (age of weaning). A less marked decrease was observed from 24 to 38 days (preceding sexual maturation). In hypothyroid rats, T1 and T2 are significantly higher than corresponding controls at 10 and 24 days. These higher values may indicate delay of brain maturation induced by hypothyroidism. Possible mechanisms for relaxation effects involve known retardation of the developmental a) reduction in brain water content; b) alteration in electrolyte distribution; and/or c) myelin formation. A group of treated animals withdrawn from PTU at weaning and studied at maturity (52 days of age) shows recovery of thyroid function and normalization of T1 and T2 In conclusion, these results illustrate the potential utility of NMR in assessing alterations in brain development and long-term effects of hormones on brain development and maturation.
Hepatitis B reinfection prophylaxis with low dose hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and lamivudine is effective unless YMDD mutations emerge prior to liver transplantation
Authors: J. Rosenau, M.J. Bahr, H.L. Tillmann, U.J.F. Tietge, C. Trautwein, J. Klempnauer, M.P. Manns, K.H.W. Boeker
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Progression of borderline abnormalities on cervical smear testing.
Authors: J. Hopwood
Journal: BMJ (1992)

sampling error (probably the most important single cause of lack of correlation between histo- logical and cytological findings).Negative results ofsmear tests in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III have also been attributed to sampling error.We believe that the argument of progression and sampling error also applies to many cases of mild dyskaryosis in which biopsy specimens taken after some follow up period or at the time of the smear test show cervical intra- epithelial neoplasia grade III.
Clinical and Immunological Aspects of a Case of Monoclonal Hyper‐IgE
Authors: H.‐J. Malling, R. Djurup, P. Stahl Skov, H. Permin, C. G. M. Magnusson, M. Søsborg, I. Søsndergaard, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1985)

A case of monoclonal IgE type lambda with IgE levels about 1 mg/ml has been followed for 6 years. Except for a slight asthma no signs of malignancies, parasitic infestations or other known diseases compatible with hyper‐IgE have been found. By the combination of fractional ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration, chromatofocusing, and subtraction affinity chromatography the IgE protein was isolated in an immunochemically pure and homogeneous form. Immunofluorescence of bone marrow cells showed about 1 % IgE plasma cells. The amount of basophil bound IgE was 42 ng/10 6 cells, and histamine release from basophils challenged with anti‐IgE was not different from that in atopic control persons, indicating a within‐allergic‐patients normal amount of IgE receptors. The protein‐A reactivity was 0.4% equivalent to well‐known IgE myeloma proteins. No antigen specificity of the IgE protein was found. Only a few cases of asymptomatic hyper‐IgE are known, and it cannot be ruled out that this represents a premyeloma condition, since a similar case terminated in a malignant lymphoma.
Development of a Safe and Effective Pediatric Dosing Regimen for Sotalol Based on Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Children With Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Stephanie Läer, Jan-Peer Elshoff, Bernd Meibohm, Jochen Weil, Thomas S. Mir, Wenhui Zhang, Martin Hulpke-Wette
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Canada Reduces Cigarette Tax to Fight Smuggling
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

WHILE A TAX increase on cigarette sales is being proposed in the United States, Canada is reducing federal taxes on cigarettes to combat smuggling. Canada's reduction now is in effect, lowering federal tobacco taxes by $5 ($3.72 in US currency) to $11 on a 200-cigarette carton. The federal government also will match provincial tax reductions—so far announced by Quebec and New Brunswick—by as much as $10 (US $7.50) total on a carton. Antismoking organizations in both the United States and Canada are expressing concern that the price reduction will encourage more Canadians to smoke and perhaps be used by the US tobacco industry to try to convince the American public not to support increased cigarette taxes. They say that had the Canadian government waited, the presidentially proposed 75-cent increase in cigarette taxes might have passed in the United States and probably made the smuggling of cigarettes into Canada less profitable.
Predicting and Preventing Hereditary Colorectal Cancer
Authors: James M. Ford, Alice S. Whittemore
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Book Review Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies Edited By Anne C. Mastroianni, Ruth Faden, and Daniel Federman. 518 pp., in two volumes. Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, 1994. Vol. 1, $34.95; 0-309-04992-X Vol. 2, $29
Authors: Ruth B. Purtilo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Abnormal myotonic dystrophy protein kinase levels produce only mild myopathy in mice
Authors: Gert Jansen, Patricia J.T.A. Groenen, Dietmar Bächner, Paul H.K. Jap, Marga Coerwinkel, Frank Oerlemans, Walther van den Broek, Bärbel Gohlsch, Dirk Pette, Jaap J. Plomp, Peter C. Molenaar, Marcel G.J. Nederhoff, Cees J.A. van Echteld, Marleen Dekker, Anton Berns, Horst Hameister, Bé Wieringa
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Expression of Human Myeloperoxidase by Macrophages Promotes Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Timothy S. McMillen, Jay W. Heinecke, Renee C. LeBoeuf
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Myeloperoxidase (MPO) colocalizes with macrophages in the human artery wall, and its characteristic oxidation products have been detected in atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, oxidants produced by the enzyme might promote atherosclerosis. However, macrophages in mouse atherosclerotic tissue do not express MPO. Therefore, mice are an inappropriate model for testing the role of MPO in vascular disease. To overcome this problem, we generated and studied transgenic (Tg) mice that contained the human MPO gene. Methods and Results— We produced human MPO -Tg mice with use of a Visna virus promoter. To confine MPO expression to macrophages, we lethally irradiated LDL receptor–deficient mice and repopulated their bone marrow with cells from wild-type mice or MPO -Tg mice. Despite having similarly high levels of cholesterol after maintenance on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet, the MPO -Tg animals developed a 2-fold greater atherosclerotic area in the aorta than did mice transplanted with wild-type bone marrow ( P =0.00003). Conclusions— Our observations indicate that expression of human MPO in macrophages promotes atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice, raising the possibility that the enzyme might be a potential therapeutic target for preventing cardiovascular disease in humans.
CHANGES IN THE PERCENTAGE OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS OF THE BLOOD FOLLOWING SECTION OF THE SYMPATHETIC AND VAGUS NERVES
Authors: Benjamin N. Berg, Alfred F. Hess, Elizabeth Sherman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

When a splanchnic nerve or the celiac plexus was severed a definite fall in serum calcium resulted, the level falling to 6 mg. per cent and remaining low for 1 or 2 weeks. Tetany, however, did not develop. The inorganic phosphate was slightly altered. On the other hand, when the vagi nerves were severed, the serum calcium rose. The equilibrium of both calcium and phosphorus was rendered less stable by the division of the sympathetic or the parasympathetic nerves.
Financing the Health Service
Authors: A. Youatt
Journal: BMJ (1967)

on-coming cars would be cut out, since there would be a 90' rotation.Awareness of on- coming traffic may be achieved by using a Polaroid material of suitable density and efficiency so that not all light is stopped.Fog light would be exempt.If headlight adaptation is made compulsory it leaves the choice of selecting the method of cut-out to the individual driver, should he so desire.Th. most convenient but expensive way would be by incorporating the material between the layers of the windscreen during manufacture, but the alternatives mentioned above would be simpler and cheaper.Head- lights may be adapted by using clip-on polaroid screens or by inserting them on the inside of the glass during assembly.-Iam, etc.,
Susceptibility Loci Associated with Prostate Cancer Progression and Mortality
Authors: David J. Gallagher, Joseph Vijai, Angel M. Cronin, Jasmine Bhatia, Andrew J. Vickers, Mia M. Gaudet, Samson Fine, Victor Reuter, Howard I. Scher, Christer Halldén, Ana Dutra-Clarke, Robert J. Klein, Peter T. Scardino, James A. Eastham, Hans Lilja, Tomas Kirchhoff, Kenneth Offit
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a variable natural history that is not accurately predicted by currently used prognostic tools.We genotyped 798 prostate cancer cases of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry treated for localized prostate cancer between June 1988 and December 2007. Blood samples were prospectively collected and de-identified before being genotyped and matched to clinical data. The survival analysis was adjusted for Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen. We investigated associations between 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and biochemical recurrence, castration-resistant metastasis, and prostate cancer-specific survival. Subsequently, we did an independent analysis using a high-resolution panel of 13 SNPs.On univariate analysis, two SNPs were associated (P<0.05) with biochemical recurrence, three SNPs were associated with clinical metastases, and one SNP was associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality. Applying a Bonferroni correction (P<0.0017), one association with biochemical recurrence (P=0.0007) was significant. Three SNPs showed associations on multivariable analysis, although not after correcting for multiple testing. The secondary analysis identified an additional association with prostate cancer-specific mortality in KLK3 (P<0.0005 by both univariate and multivariable analysis).We identified associations between prostate cancer susceptibility SNPs and clinical end points. The rs61752561 in KLK3 and rs2735839 in the KLK2-KLK3 intergenic region were strongly associated with prostate cancer-specific survival, and rs10486567 in the 7JAZF1 gene were associated with biochemical recurrence. A larger study will be required to independently validate these findings and determine the role of these SNPs in prognostic models.
Testosterone and 17β-estradiol have opposite effects on podocyte apoptosis that precedes glomerulosclerosis in female estrogen receptor knockout mice
Authors: Sophie Doublier, Enrico Lupia, Paola Catanuto, Simone Periera-Simon, Xiaomei Xia, Ken Korach, Mariana Berho, Sharon J. Elliot, Michael Karl
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Tendo Achillis Bursitis ("Winter Heel")
Authors: N. W. Nisbet
Journal: BMJ (1954)

cost of the brand of benzathine penicillin used is 12s.7d.(personal communication from Joint Pricing Committee for England).Treatment of a penicillin-sensitive infection in the new- born may be carried out with oral sodium (or potassium) penicillin, 150,000 units, given eight-hourly for five days.As suggested by Cathie and MacFarlane (1953).an initial loading dose of say 100,000 units of an intramuscular crystalline preparation of penicillin ensures an adequate initial blood level.It must be emphasized that these doses are recommended for the newborn only. SummaryOral benzathine penicillin has been compared with oral sodiuLm penicillin.For the newborn, sodium penicillin is as effective as benzathine penicillin.The reli- ability of absorption is about the same for each.Benz- athine penicillin is more palatable than sodium penicillin and keeps well at room temperature; it does not, how- ever, give peak levels in the blood quite as quickly or possibly as high as sodium penicillin.There is no evi- dence that it maintains an adequate serum level for an appreciably longer time than sodium penicillin.The cost of benzathine penicillin is greater than that of sodium penicillin.
TRIM24 suppresses development of spontaneous hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice
Authors: Shiming Jiang, Lindsey Cauthen Minter, Sabrina A. Stratton, Peirong Yang, Hussein A. Abbas, Zeynep Coban Akdemir, Vinod Pant, Sean Post, Mihai Gagea, Richard G. Lee, Guillermina Lozano, Michelle Craig Barton
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase overexpression increases metastatic growth of B16 melanoma cells in the mouse liver
Authors: Elena Obrador, Julian Carretero, Angel Ortega, Ignacio Medina, Vicente Rodilla, José A. Pellicer, José M. Estrela
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

B16 melanoma (B16M) cells with high glutathione (GSH) content show rapid proliferation in vitro and high metastatic activity in the liver in vivo . γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-mediated extracellular GSH cleavage and intracellular GSH synthesis were studied in vitro in B16M cells with high (F10) and low (F1) metastatic potential. GGT activity was modified by transfection with the human GGT gene (B16MF1/Tet-GGT cells) or by acivicin-induced inhibition. B16MF1/Tet-GGT and B16MF10 cells exhibited higher GSH content (35 ± 6 and 40 ± 5 nmol/10 6 cells, respectively) and GGT activity (89 ± 9 and 37 ± 7 mU/10 6 cells, respectively) as compared ( P &lt; .05) with B16MF1 cells (10 ± 3 nmol GSH and 4 mU GGT/10 6 cells). Metastasis (number of foci/100 mm 3 of liver) increased in B16MF1 cells pretreated with GSH ester (˜3-fold, P &lt; .01), and decreased in B16MF1/Tet-GGT and B16MF10 cells pretreated with the GSH synthesis inhibitor L-buthionine (S,R)-sulphoximine (˜5-fold and 2-fold, respectively, P &lt; .01). Liver, kidney, brain, lung, and erythrocyte GSH content in B16MF1/Tet-GGT- or B16MF10-bearing mice decreased as compared with B16MF1- and non-tumor-bearing mice. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1-independent sinusoidal GSH efflux from hepatocytes increased in B16MF1/Tet-GGT- or B16MF10-bearing mice (˜2-fold, P &lt; .01) as compared with non-tumor-bearing mice. Our results indicate that tumor GGT activity and an intertissue flow of GSH can regulate GSH content of melanoma cells and their metastatic growth in the liver.