tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic metastases from hepatoid adenocarcinoma of stomach mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jae Myeong Jo, Jin Woong Kim, Suk Hee Heo, Sang Soo Shin, Yong Yeon Jeong, Young Hoe Hur
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2012)

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a special type of extrahepatic adenocarcinoma that mimics hepatocellular carcinoma morphologically. The stomach is one of the most common sites of hepatoid adenocarcinoma. Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is characterized histologically by hepatoid differentiation and production of large amounts of AFP. It is not easy to differentiate hepatic metastases from hepatoid adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma when hepatic tumor is incidentally detected. Furthermore, imaging findings of hepatoid adenocarcinoma are rarely described. Therefore, we report a case of hepatic metastases from hepatoid adenocarcinoma of stomach mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma with image findings and a review of the literature.
Patients need not give consent in all clinical education
Authors: Edith ter Braak
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Lawler argues that patients taking part in assessments of clinical skills as part of postgraduate training programmes should give written informed consent.1

The ultimate goal of optimising competency based training and assessment in medical education is creating the best possible doctors and specialists for patients. Does explicitly asking informed consent from patients participating in clinical education really serve this goal? The willingness …
Non‐specific histamine release activity of busereline, LH‐releasing hormone
Authors: J. Bousquet, B. Héadon, A. Hejjaoui, L Chanal, F.‐B. Michel
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Busereline acetate is an LH‐RH agonist that was found to induce local reactions at the injection site or generalized minor skin reactions in some patients. Since these reactions may represent the first reaction of systemic anaphylaxis, we tested the non‐specific histamine releasing activity of this drug by intradermal skin tests. It was found that all subjects tested had a positive wheal and flare reaction, the flare being significantly decreased by terfenadine. Benzyl alcohol, the preservative used in commercial preparation of busereline acetate, did not elicit a positive wheal and flare reaction in two patients who had experienced a clinically noticeable reaction. It is concluded that busereline is likely to be a non‐specific histamine releasing compound.
Effects on patient care of UGC cuts
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1982)

message in the evidence submitted to the Social Services Select Committee by the universities and the medical schools about the impact of the cuts imposed by the UGC comes across loud and clear.  is, in the words of the letter from Manchester University, that the inevitable effect of a reduction in resources will be a lowering of the contribution the universities make to patient care in the National Health Service and a general decrease in research effort and postgraduate training. In other words, the damage may not be irreparable but it is going to take a long time to repair. Some 40 institutions replied to the committee's request for information about the impact of the 15% cut on medical education, and their answers have now been made available to anybody at the Commons who wants to read them. Dr G P McNicol, principal of Aberdeen University, probably summed up the message as well as anybody. The cuts are bound to have a harmful effect on patient care, he wrote. It is difficult for us to see any public benefit in these cuts in clinical education. They will lead either to reduction in service and standards or to a transfer of funding from one source (UGC) to another (NHS) and further pressure on the traditional 'knock for knock' understanding between the two sectors.  Committee of Vice-chancellors and Principals said in its letter that cuts of the magnitude of 15% and the short time scale allowed would seriously damage the quality of the work of the universities. The speed with which the cuts are being imposed inflicts maximum harm in that it impedes or prevents the considered planning necessary in university education in all faculties, it added.
Canadian antismoking law is watered down
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Quebec Court of Appeal has weakened one of Canada's strongest antitobacco laws, which had been hailed by the World Health Organization as a model.

The law had prohibited the name of any tobacco firm or brand from being associated with a public event. By a majority of two to one the court's panel of judges struck down the prohibition of company names as unconstitutional, although it maintains the restriction on brand names.

The court's ruling opens the door to the industry again sponsoring …
Screening for Prostate Cancer: Results of the Rotterdam Section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Monique J. Roobol, Ries Kranse, Chris H. Bangma, Arno G.J.L.H. van Leenders, Bert G. Blijenberg, Ron H.N. van Schaik, Wim J. Kirkels, Suzie J. Otto, Theo H. van der Kwast, Harry J. de Koning, Fritz H. Schröder
Journal: European Urology (2013)
The role of the doctor
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

In his report into specialist training in the UK, John Tooke asks, “What is the role of the doctor?” The answer may be too various for a single coherent answer. So much depends on context—the clinical setting, the patient's preferences, the doctor's experience and seniority. But is there an irreducible core to the doctor's role, regardless of the context? Tooke calls for a debate that will redefine the doctor's role. We would like to hear your views.

Why bother to try to define the doctor's role? Isn't this an outmoded, doctorcentric waste of time? I would say not, for three reasons. Firstly, the role of the doctor will dictate …
A FATAL CASE OF ACUTE CARDIAC BERIBERI
Authors: H. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1906)

ACUTE CARDIAC BERI-BERI.ETz BRiTieN 095 differences between the two may be easily enough recognized, and the intermediate forms distinguished.When the spirochaetes are numerous they are likely to be iSirochlaeta r2-efringens.The variation in tlle degree and kind of the curves (slightly waved, straight, or spiral existing on one film) proclaims the 8pir ochaeta r-frfinflens.Wlhen Spirochaeta pallida exists side by side or in the same specimeni, the divergence of form removes all doubt as to the organism under observation.The fact that Spirochlieta refringlens has been found in the lymphatic glands at least once should cause one to take note of the presence of this spirochaete more carefully.
IL-17A is essential for cell activation and inflammatory gene circuits in subjects with psoriasis
Authors: James G. Krueger, Scott Fretzin, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, Patrick A. Haslett, Krista M. Phipps, Gregory S. Cameron, Juliet McColm, Artemis Katcherian, Inna Cueto, Traci White, Subhashis Banerjee, Robert W. Hoffman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
IRRADIATION AS A POSSIBLE TREATMENT OF THE DENTAL ROOT "ABSCESS"
Authors: Joseph Colt Bloodgood
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A recent observation of a possible large dental root "abscess" of the lower jaw has revealed a hitherto unobserved and apparent healing effect of roentgen-ray treatment. A white adult, aged about 40, had observed pain in the teeth in the left lower jaw—incisor, canine and bicuspid. Then the teeth became a little loose, and a swelling appeared below the teeth on the anterior surface of the lower jaw. A roentgenogram showed bone absorption about the roots of these three teeth, much larger than the usual dental root abscess, large enough to be explained by the coalescing of three dental root abscesses. In view of the effect of roentgen rays on the giant-cell tumor, it occurred to me to try them here to see their effect on this type of granulation tissue. Whatever the primary condition was, the pain has disappeared, the teeth have become solid, and the
Frequency of Hyponatremia and Nonosmolar Vasopressin Release in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Kevin E. Vitting
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The frequency and pathophysiology of hyponatremia were studied in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Of 71 hospitalized patients surveyed retrospectively, hyponatremia was observed in 37 (52%). Of 48 patients studied prospectively, 27 (56%) were hyponatremic. In 16 hyponatremic patients, volume status; serum and urine osmolalities; renal, adrenal, and thyroid function; and plasma vasopressin levels were assessed. Urine osmolalities were inappropriately elevated (mean, 377 mmol/kg of water) relative to serum osmolalities (mean, 268 mmol/kg of water). Four patients had moderate renal insufficiency. Plasma vasopressin levels were elevated in 15 patients, with the highest levels seen in patients who died (median, 7.08 pmol/L). Hyponatremia of multiple etiologies occurred in a majority of inpatients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, often following the administration of hypotonic fluids, and was associated with a 30% (8/27) short-term mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:973-978)
Community care service for diabetics in the Poole area.
Authors: R D Hill
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Because of an increasing work load at the hospital diabetic clinic in Poole general practitioners were asked to help in a community care service for diabetics. In this, general practitioners typically care for non-ketotic patients with maturity onset diabetes who are well controlled on diet or diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents, while the clinic concentrates on more difficult cases and screens patients for long-term complications. The hospital laboratory's work load has been eased because patients may attend for two-hour interval blood sugar estimations when they like; most patients appreciate this flexibility and prefer being looked after by their own doctor. The service has not increased the general practitioners' work load unduly, but it has heightened their awareness of diabetes in the community, thus allowing the diabetic consultant to deal with the problems for which he has been trained. The service has thus provided improved care for all diabetics in the Poole area.
Mechanistic evaluation of the intestinal absorption of L-DOPA in humans, using a newly developed in vivo intestinal perfusion instrument, Loc-I-Gut
Authors: H. Lennernäs, D. Nilsson, S.M. Aquilonius, L.K. Paalzow, Ö. Ahrenstedt, L. Knutsson, R. Hällgren
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1992)
Familial hiatal hernia in a large five generation family confirming true autosomal dominant inheritance
Authors: I J Carre, B T Johnston, P S Thomas, P J Morrison
Journal: Gut (1999)

The complaint of a painful, burning, red ear may be associated with irritation of the third cervical root, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, or thalamic syndrome.It may also occur without obvious structural cause in response to touch or heat. The condition may be an example of the ABC (Angry Back-firing C-nociceptor) syndrome with the increase in ear temperature being caused by the antidromic release of vasodilator peptides. <b>NEUROLOGY 1996;47: </b> 617-620
Apport de la vidéocapsule endoscopique dans le diagnostic étiologique des anémies ferriprives: première étude marocaine
Authors: I Serraj, L Amrani, I Atitar, Z Chaoui, N Amrani
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Introduction: L'avènement de la vidéocapsule endoscopique (VCE) a révolutionné l'exploration de l'intestin grêle jusque là inaccessible aux explorations endoscopiques usuelles et la prise en charge des anémies ferriprives d'origine intestinale.
Drug combinations and all cause mortality in heart disease: No new insights were gained
Authors: Staffan Bjorck
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Drug combinations and all cause mortality in heart disease No new insights were gainedEditor-Hippisley-Cox and Coupland conclude that the addition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to combinations of drugs conferred no additional benefit in their study of patients in primary care with ischaemic heart disease. 1 However, such a conclusion should be reached with caution.The drugs were given to the patients with the highest risk of death.A higher percentage of patients who died were treated with ACE inhibitors, and the greatest improvement in risk of death after adjustment for risk factors was seen in the patients treated with these drugs.ACE inhibitors might thus have been given to the patients with the most severe disease in each comorbidity group-for example, to diabetic patients with kidney disease and to patients with the most severe heart failure.Therefore the study can give no indication of the crucial question whether the outcome would have been equally good for the group of 463 patients who probably had the most severe disease and received statins, aspirin, blockers, and ACE inhibitors if they had not been given ACE inhibitors.Replacement of yes or no for comorbidity factors with more discriminating variables, such as presence of microalbuminuria and a severity measure for heart disease, would probably have improved the study.However, this cannot replace the quality of a randomised, placebo controlled study comparing the effect of adding ACE inhibitors to the other study drugs.Therefore the study by Hippisley-Cox and Coupland adds no new knowledge to how patients with ischaemic heart disease in primary care should be treated.
UN launches commission on HIV to look at discrimination and legal barriers to treatment
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), backed by UNAIDS (the joint UN programme on HIV and AIDS), has launched an expert body to examine discriminatory laws, regulations, and social norms that hinder national responses and impede access to treatment for people with HIV, in particular those from vulnerable groups.

“In many places social and legal challenges to human rights are undermining efforts at achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and support,” said the UNDP’s administrator, Helen Clark, at the launch of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law in Geneva on 24 June.

Members of the commission include a former president of Brazil, Fernando Cardoso; the director of the advocacy group AIDS …
Thiazolidinediones for Initial Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: David M. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The twin epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have spawned a public health crisis. In the United States, an estimated 1.5 million new cases of diabetes occur every year,1 and the projected microvascular and cardiovascular complications2 — already the greatest cause of blindness, kidney failure, and amputations in the Western world, and a substantial contributing factor in heart disease — are likely to become the major cause of preventable disease and premature death in this millennium.The gravity of this epidemic is reflected by evidence-based efforts to stem it.3,4 Moreover, in the United States, approval of five . . .
Altered norepinephrine turnover and metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: P K Ganguly, K S Dhalla, I R Innes, R E Beamish, N S Dhalla
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Cardiac norepinephrine turnover and metabolism were examined in rats 8 weeks after the induction of chronic diabetes by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Cardiac norepinephrine concentration, norepinephrine turnover, and norepinephrine uptake were markedly increased in chronic diabetes in comparison with control values; these changes were reversible by 28-day insulin therapy. When the animals were exposed to cold for 6 hours, norepinephrine turnover rate constant increased in control and decreased in diabetic animals; cold exposure also increased norepinephrine concentration in diabetic hearts. Both cardiac norepinephrine concentration and turnover rate in diabetic rats were restored toward control values by ganglionic blockade with pentolinium. The conversion of [3H]tyrosine to [3H]catecholamine was enhanced and tyrosine hydroxylase as well as dopa decarboxylase activities were increased in diabetic hearts. The higher concentrations of [3H]normetanephrine and deaminated catechols indicated a faster metabolic rate of norepinephrine metabolism in hearts from diabetic rats; both monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase activities were also increased. The increased activities of the enzymes for the synthesis and metabolism of norepinephrine were not evident on treating the diabetic animals with insulin. These data not only support the view that chronic diabetes in rats is associated with increased sympathetic activity but also indicate that the cardiac norepinephrine concentration in diabetic rats may be maintained at a higher than normal level by an increased synthesis and uptake of norepinephrine in the adrenergic nerve terminals.
New opportunities in cancer risk evaluation using PCR-based DNA analysis for CYP2D6.
Authors: J R Idle, A K Daly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes, principally CYP2D6 (debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase), have long been considered influential on host responsiveness to environmental carcinogens. In several independent studies, lung cancer cases are more frequently associated with the extensive metabolizer phenotype of CYP2D6. However, assignment of phenotype has traditionally involved administration of debrisoquine and analysis of drug and metabolite concentrations in patient urine and is thus potentially confounded by concomitant drug therapy and the presence of the tumor itself. The development of molecular genotyping methods offers unique opportunities to obviate these problems and to ascertain the relationship between the presence of individual alleles and disease risk. Preliminary data are presented that indicate that the CYP2D6 wild-type allele may be a predisposing factor in lung cancer.
Abstract 5512: Zirconium phosphate nanoparticle matrix as potential delivery system for cisplatin to cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Millie González, Agustín Díaz, Jorge Colón, Abraham Clearfield, Mayra Ortíz, Adriana Báez
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), have been shown to be active against ovarian and testicular cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and certain other malignancies, however, its clinical effectiveness is limited by significant side effects and the emergence of drug resistance. Delivery of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin to the tumor cells without damaging healthy organs or tissues is highly difficult if not impossible. In the last several years nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery is being studied as a novel valuable mean for overcoming this problem. We developed a novel nanoparticle intercalated formulation of cisplatin on a layered matrix of zirconium phosphate (ZrP). It was expected that cisplatin, while being excluded from the external medium within ZrP layers will remain biologically inactive and that cisplatin will be released selectively in the tumor cell. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity and effectiveness of ZrP nanoparticles in the delivery of cisplatin. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was used to determine cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution. ZrP alone did not affect the viability of breast cancer cells (MCF-7), human leukemic lymphoblast (CEM) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) after 24 hours in contact with different concentrations of ZrP. Cisplatin intercalated into ZrP at the highest concentration (30 μM cisplatin) reduced in 40% the cell viability of MCF-7 and CEM. The IC50 of cisplatin alone in MCF-7 was 10 μM. The side scatter plot showed that normal PBLs scatter plot is different from PBLs that have been in contact with cisplatin-intercalated ZrP for 18 hours. These PBLs carrying ZrP were displaced to the right quadrant suggesting an increased granularity that can be associated to the incorporation of ZrP nanoparticles. Moderate cisplatin-induced apoptosis was evident in cells treated with ZrP-intercalated cisplatin for 18 hours. The cell cycle analysis showed that ZrP alone does not cause cell cycle arrest. Our results suggest that application of ZrP nanoparticle-mediated drug transport in cancer chemotherapy is highly promising and more studies are warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5512.
Erratum to: A glycine zipper motif mediates the formation of toxic beta-amyloid oligomers in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Virginia Fonte, Vishantie Dostal, Christine M Roberts, Patrick Gonzales, Pascale N Lacor, Pauline T Velasco, Jordi Magrane, Natalie Dingwell, Emily Y Fan, Michael A Silverman, Gretchen H Stein, Christopher D Link
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2014)

After publication of this work, we noted that we inadvertently failed to include the complete list of all co-authors. The full list of authors has now been added and the Authors' contributions section has been modified accordingly.
Effects of Sudden Aortic Occlusion on Heart Rate After Sino-Aortic Denervation
Authors: THOMAS M. GILFOIL
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

This study tests the possibility that pressoreceptors of the sinoaortic type may be located in thoracic vessels and innervated by thoracic afferent nerves. Heart rate and arterial pressure were recorded in anesthetized dogs with neural pathways intact, bilateral vagotomy and sinoaortic denervation before and after internal occlusion of the aorta just above the celiac artery. Results obtained indicate that after elimination of the sinoaortic mechanisms by vagotomy and isolation of the carotid sinuses no functional pressoreceptors of the sinoaortic type can be demonstrated in the arterial tree above the celiac artery.
Leg Gangrene and Endotoxin Shock Due to<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>— An Infection Acquired in New England Coastal Waters
Authors: Fredy P. Roland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

BACTERIAL infections may result in shock, vascular thrombosis and gangrene. A case due to a halophilic marine vibrio is reported herewith.Case ReportA 40-year-old man had a generalized papular hemorrhagic rash, vomiting, diarrhea and fever 2 days after bathing and "clamming" in Narragansett Bay. The clotting time was 13 minutes, and platelets were decreased in number; the blood pressure dropped to 80/50. Stain of an exudate on the left leg showed gram-negative bacilli only. Impending endotoxin shock was suspected. C.entamicin and intravenous heparin were started. Despite treatment, gangrene of the left leg developed. An arteriogram revealed "obliteration at the . . .
Should elderly patients be told they have cancer? Questionnaire survey of older people
Authors: A Ajaj, M P Singh, A J J Abdulla
Journal: BMJ (2001)

There is evidence that doctors fail to inform patients when they diagnose cancer [1][2][3] and that this is more likely in older people.Yet Meredith et al showed that 96% of 250 patients with malignancy wanted to know if their illness was cancer. 4 Although it is now appreciated that patients want more information about their illness, few studies have specifically targeted elderly people to assess their opinions about cancer and how much they would wish to know about their diagnosis.